^. jr. WATERHOUSE. Scottish Exhibition of National History, Art, & Industry Glasgow (1911) Palace of History CATALOGUE OF EXHIBITS VOL. II WITH ILLUSTRATIONS PUBLISHED BY DALROSS LIMITED GLASGOW, EDINBURGH, AND LONDON EAST GALLERY. HISTORICAL PORTRAITS. 346 Sir Walter Sandilands Hamilton. Served under Marl- borough ; succeeded his brother as baronet, 1733. Lent by G. D. Findlay Hamilton. 346a James [Graham], Marquis of Montrose. (See Nos. 35, 41, 47, etc.). This portrait is said to have been painted at Oxford in 1643. (For Personal Relics see North Gallery, Case 14, p. 143.) Painted by Dobson. Lent by Rev. W. H. Wayne. 347 Hiding the Regalia of Scotland. A fancy picture of considerable merit representing the hiding of the Scottish Regalia (kept under charge of the Earl Marischal at Dunottar Castle) in the parish church of Kinneff, to save it from Oliver Cromwell, under whom the ancient Regalia of England were broken up, 1652. The parish minister and his wife managed the difficult task with great skill. The "honours" were hidden under the pulpit, and were brought out again with great joy at the Restoration. Painted by John A. Houston, R.S.A. Lent by Corporation of Preston. 348 James [Ogilvie], 1st Earl of Seafield, and 4th Earl of Findlater. (See Nos. 135 and 354.) Painted by Sir John de Medina. Lent by Sir W. Ogilvie Dalgleish. 349 William French. Provost of Glasgow; born about 1734; Virginia merchant. In 1780 he laid the. foundation of S. Enoch's Parish Church ; also set up the first street lamps on south side of Trongate to Stockwell Street; died 1802. Lent by Adam Henderson. 350 Said to be James, 2nd Earl of Moray; married Lady Anne Gordon, 1601, and died 1638. Against this, however, is to be set the upper part of the costume, which can hardly be so early. The belted plaid, it is true, shows the Highland dress at the earlier period. Professor Cooper inclines rather to regard the subject as Alexander [Stuart], 4th Earl of Moray. Second and eldest surviving son of James, 3rd Earl of Moray (who was " a royalist but kept himself retired in the country during the civil wars," and "got a charter of the castle of Spynie," 1641, when its possessor, the Bishop 548 HISTORICAL PORTRAITS of Moray, had been deposed and excommunicated by the Glasgow Assembly), by his wife Margaret, daughter of the Earl of Home, and sister of Anne, Duchess of Lauderdale ; succeeded, 1653 ; fined £3500 by Cromwell, 1654; a lord of treasury, 1678; succeeded Lauderdale as Secretary of State for Scotland, 1680. Says Macauiay, " Another member of the Scottish Privy Council, Alexander Stuart, Earl of Moray, the descendant and heir of the Regent, abjured the religion of which his illustrious ancestor had been the foremost champion, and declared himself a member of the Church of Rome " as if to please James VII., who made him commissioner to the Scots Parliament, 1686, and K.T., 1687. Deprived of all his employments at the Revolution, but did not, like Perth and Melfort, his fellow-converts, retire to France with King James. Died at Donibristle, 1700. Lent by Baillie Hamilton. 351 George Bogle of Daldowie. Died 1784; one of the Glasgow "tobacco lords," a Virginia merchant, a West India trader ; an early partner in the Glasgow tan work and in the Eastern Sugarhouse ; helping also to establish the Cudbear factory in Ark Lane, set up, 1777, by "an ingenious Highlander, George Mackintosh," as "a secret work" for the making of a Highland dye. He bought Daldowie from the Stewarts of Minto, who, after holding it for more than 200 years, had declined in for- tune, the last of the family emigrating in the Darien expedition. His town house stood in Police Lane and had "a single outside stair." He married Anne, daughter of Sir John Sinclair, Bart, of Stevenston, East Lothian. Painted by Raeburn. Lent by Miss Frazer. 352 James, Duke op Monmouth. (See No. 111.) Painted by Lely. Lent by Mrs. Campbell of Dunstaffnage. 353 William [Drummond] 1st Viscount Strathallan. Son of John Drummond, 2nd Lord Maderty (who fought under Montrose at Kilsyth) hj his wife, Helen Leslie, daughter of the commendator of Lindores; an " Engager " for the rescue of Charles I., 1648; joined Ormonde in Ireland in support of the King; fought with "Uliarles II. at Worcester and taken prisoner ; escaped ; was in the Highland royalist attempt, 1654 ; took service with the Czar; recalled by Charles II. and made major-general of the forces in Scotland, 1666 ; confined in Dumbarton Castle on surmise of correspondence with Holland, 1675; general of the ordinance, 1684 ; general of the forces under James VII.; created Viscount Strathallan and Lord Drummond of Cromlix, 1686 ; died, 1688. [His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Archibald Johnston of Warriston, so conspicuous on the other side of politics. His descendants included Andrew Drummond founder of EAST GALLERY 549 the London banking-house; died 1740; and William, Viscount Strathallan, who was killed fighting for Prince Charles at Culloden, 1746.] Lent by Earl of Kinnoull. 353a Sir Archibald Alison, Bart., Sheriff of Lanarkshire, of Possil House, Glasgow. (See No. 250, North Gallery.) Painted by Sir John Watson Gordon. Lent by Sir Archibald Alison, Bart. 354 James [Ogilvie] 1st Earl op Seafield, 4th Earl of FiNDLATER. (See Nos. 135 and 348.) After Kneller (or a replica by him). Lent by Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh. 355a James [King] Lord Eythin. Born about 1589; son of James King of Barracht (Barra), Aberdeenshire; learned war under Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, winning the highest reputation and rising to be major-general, 1632 ; served along with Prince Rupert at Munster, 1638, and partially retrieved disaster caused by the Prince's impetuosity. Recalled by Charles I. on the outbreak of the great Rebellion ; made lieutenant- ** general under the Duke of Newcastle owing to the Duke's inexperience with real command ; and created a peer of Scotland as Lord Eythin (so the English spelled the name of the Scottish river Ythan, which was the title intended ; it is a case of a title taken from a river like that of Lord Kelvin). Forfeited by Scots Parliament, 1644; at Marston Moor he opposed Prince Rupert's plan of battle, no doubt wisely, which, however, rescinded the forfeiture, 1647, when it saw the peril of the monarchy. Appointed by Charles II. lieutenant-general to Montrose, 1650, but engaged in Sweden furthering the Stuart's interest ; died at Stockholm, 1654. He left no issue, but the family, still of note in Aberdeenshire, produced another very distinguished man in the person of William king, one of the greatest of the Archbishops of Dublin (1650-1729). The costume in this fine portrait is given in much detail, and is of special interest as a link between the fashion of James VI. and that of Charles I. Lent by Col. Alex. J. King. 356 Rev. Dr. William Guild. Born at Aberdeen, 1586; son of Matthew Guild, a rich armourer of that city, and a stout upholder of the ancient sports suppressed by the Reformers; educated at Marischal College; ordained minister of King Edward, 1608; married Katherinc Rolland of Disblair ; protested for the liberties of the Church, 1617 ; made acquaintance of Bishop Andrewes to whom he dedicated his work on the types "Moses unveiled"; chaplain to Charles I., and one of the first in Scotland to receive degree of D.D. ; minister of Aberdeen, 1631. Himself in Presbyterian orders, he had accepted Episcopacy and joined the "Aberdeen 650 HISTORICAL PORTRAITS Doctors " in defending it, and the Perth Articles, 1635-7 ; member of Glasgow Assembly 1638, and concussed by fear of losing his goods into accepting National Covenant but "reserved his duty to the King"; fled to Holland, but returned and complied, 1640; made Principal of King's College on expulsion of the Aberdeen Doctors, and compelled to "purge" the chapel of ornaments which the Reformers had left; greeted Charles II. with a bason full of gold pieces ; deprived for lack of covenanting zeal, 1651 ; died 1657. Guild is gratefully remembered in Aberdeen for his public munificence ; he purchased the buildings of the Red Friars' (Trinity Friars) convent, and turned them into a Trades Hospital which he amply endowed. Painted by Jameson. Lent by Incorporated Trades of Aberdeen. 356a Rev. Patrick Bell, LL.D. Inventor of the reaping machine. Born at Mid-Loch, 1799, a farm in the parish of Auchterhouse, n.w. of Dundee. In 1827, whilst a divinity student at St. Andrews, successfully con- structed a machine, having for its object the lessening of the labour of harvesting. [Dr. Bell's invention was in some respects anticipated fifteen years by John Common of Denwick.] Ordained, 1843, minister of Carmylie, Arbroath, which living he held until his death, in 1869. (Catalogued also in Domestic Section, q.v.) Painted by Patrick Allan Fraser, H.R.S.A. Lent by Trustees to the late Allan Fraser. 357 Sir Alexander Livingstone, Bart., of West Quarter ; served under Wolfe at the taking of Quebec, 1759. Lent by Mrs. Lawrence Timpson. 358 Alexander [Hume] 2nd Earl of Marchmont (?). Third son of Patrick, 1st Earl of Marchmont (see No. 116) by his wife, Grizzel Ker (see No. 115) ; called to the Scottish bar, 1696 ; knighted and (having married, 1697, Margaret, daughter and heiress of Sir George Campbell of Cessnock, Ayrshire) had the style of Sir Alexander Campbell of Cessnock; M.P. for Berwick and a lord of session, 1704 ; commissioner of exchequer and privy councillor ; supported the Union, 1707 ; at the rising of '15 raised 400 men of the Berwickshire militia to join the Duke of Argyll ; envoy-extraordinary to the courts of Denmark and Prussia, 1716 ; ambassador at the congress of Cambray, 1721 ; succeeded his father, 1724 ; opposed Sir Robert Walpole, 1733, and dismissed from his office of lord-register ; died 1740. [Or the portrait may be that of his father, the Chancellor in his younger days; but the costume seems better to suit the 2nd Earl.] Lent by Sir John Hume Campbell, Bart. 359 James [Livingstone], 1st Earl of Callendar. Third son of Alexander [Livingstone], 3rd Earl of Linlithgow ; Art. 355a, Page 549. JAMES (king) lord EYTHAN. EAST GALLERY 551 acquired military fame in the Thirty Years' War ; returning to Scotland was created Lord Livingstone of Almond, 1633. Second in command to General Leslie in the Scots army, 1640; signed the bond of Cumbernauld in favour of the King, and made Earl of Callendar, 1641 ; declined command of Scots troops sent into England, 1643, but marched with 5000 men against Montrose when the latter raised the royal standard at Dumfries, 1644 ; waited on Charles I. at Newcastle, 1646 ; joined in the "engagement,'' and second to Duke of Hamilton in command at Preston, 1648 ; escaped to Holland, but exempted from Cromwell's act of pardon ; returned at the Restoration, and, being himself childless, got succession entailed on his nephew. His wife was Margaret Hay of Yester, sister of the 1st Earl of Tweeddale, and widow of Alexander, Earl of Dun- fermline. (See Nos. 15 and 20.) He founded a hospital at Falkirk. The title was forfeited in the person of James, 5th Earl, who engaged in the rising of 1715. Lent by Mrs. Lawrence Timpson. 360 Rev. Dr. Ralph Wardlaw. Born at Dalkeith, 1779; fourth son of William Wardlaw, a bailie of Glasgow (of the Border Wardlaws, one of whom as Bishop of St. Andrews founded the University there in 1411, and another became Bishop of Glasgow, and a Cardinal) by his wife, Anne Fisher, a grand-daughter of Ebenezer Erskine (No. 143) ; M.A. Glasgow, 1791 ; studied for the ministry of the Secession Church, 1795 ; but came under the influence of the brothers Haldane and, 1800, joined the Independent church in Glasgow recently founded by Greville Ewing; chapel opened for him in North Albion Street, 1803, and a larger one in West George Street (now N.B. station), 1819; professor in Glasgow Theological Academy, 1811; D.D. of Yale, 1818; declined chair of moral philosophy in London University, 1828 ; celebrated the jubilee of his church, and died same year, 1853. Famous alike as preacher and writer, and for his zeal for missions to the heathen and the abolition of slavery. This portrait is considered the painter's masterpiece. Painted by Sir Daniel Nance. Lent by Elgin Place Congregational Church. 361 William [Maule] Lord Panmure. AVilliam Ramsay; born 1771 ; second son of George, Earl of Dalhousie, at whose death in 1787 the great Panmure estates in Forfarshire devolved on him ; whereupon he assumed the name and arms of his maternal ancestors, the Maules of Panmure. (See. Nos. 60 and 75.) M.P. for Forfarshire, 1796, 1805, . 1806, 1807. A strong Whig, he was "a steady supporter of Fox on all occasions." He was no less known in the capacity wherein he is represented here as a jolly toper; his motto towards his tenantry " Live and let live" though warmly appreciated by them and commemorated in the monument near Carnoustie called 552 HISTORICAL PORTRAITS the ''Live and let live Testimonial" was inspired also by his hatred of his sons, whom he did his best to impoverish by granting farm leases of inordinate length and at small rents. He was created Baron Panmure, 1831, and was succeeded in that title by his son, Fox Maule, the War minister of the Crimean War, who became Earl of Dalhousie in 1860. The other gentlemen here represented are Mr. C. Hunter, Mr. Hastie, M.P. ; and Capt. W^emyss, M.P. The bare table, the punch-bowl, the long-stalked glasses rising conveniently to the rim of the bowl, and the doyleys illustrate the table customs of the time. Painted by T. M. Joy. Lent by Mechanics' Institute, Brechin. 362 William Sinclair of Roslin. ''Undoubted heir male and representative of William de Janets Claro, who obtained frae David I. the barony of Roslin, "The lordly line of high St. Clair." William (the 12th of this line) was 3rd Earl of Orkney and 1st Earl of Caithness ; he built Roslin Chapel anno 1441. This William Avas 11th in succession from that Earl. He wears the apron and ornaments of Grand Master Mason of Scotland, 1736. Painted by Allan Ramsay. (Catalogued under Mo,sonic Section, q.v.) Lent by Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, No. 11. EAST WALL AND WALL CASES ON EAST WALL. I. MINING. One old Wooden WATERriPE, used for conveying water into Edinburgh from springs at Swanston. Lent by the Corporation op Edinburgh. One old Wooden Waterpipe, used for pumping water from underground, with opening to change the clack and bucket. Lent by the Leadhills Company, Ltd. One old Iron Doorpiece, with clack and bucket. Lent by the Leadhills Company, Ltd. One old Underground Mining Windlass, in wood. Lent by the Leadhills Company, Ltd. One old Wooden Water-scoop, found in the workings of a mine which had been closed for 200 years. Made in one piece. Lent by the Society of Archaeology, Alloa. An old Sluice Door, from a disused mine. L(ent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. EAST GALLERY 553 An old Iron Bak to fix in the ground for lashing appliances to. Lent by the Leadhills Company, Ltd. An old Pick, found in the same mine as No. 5 : at Westfield, Clackmannanshire. Lent by the Society of Archaeology, Alloa. A Wooden Shovel, found in an old coal working on the east of Lochgelly in 1856. No record or tradition of such workings exist, and it is believed that they are very ancient. Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. DOMESTIC ARTICLES ON WALL. II. GENERAL AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. 1 Yoke for a wooden plough. Lent by Elgin Museum. 2 Brechame (Brechem) or straw collar for a working horse. " The straw hrech em is now supplanted by the leather collar."— P. Alvah, O.S.A. iv. p. 395. " Y'our armour gude ye manna shaw, Nor yet appear like men o' weir, As country lads be a' arrayM, Wi' branks and hrecham on each mare." ''Minstrelsy of the Border," i. p. 176. (In Cumberland, a ''Branchin" was a collar for a horse, made of old stockings, stuffed with straw.) Lent by Elgin Museum. 3 Haims, used in a farm near Dundee for over 100 years. (Haims, hammys, hems, is a collar formed of two pieces of wood, which are put round the neck of a working horse.) ("Evir haims convenient for sic note." "Palace of Honour," i. 33.) Evir haims = ivory collar. Lent by Albert Institute, Dundee. 4 Riding Harness, ornamented with sea-shells. This belonged to the last Duke of Gordon. Lent by Mrs. MacCracken. 5 Horse Trappings, used at the last Wappinschaw on the Sheriffmuir, Peebleshire, 15th June, 1627. Lent by Chajvibers' Institute, Peebles. 6 Two CuRRACHS (or currochs) of wood, stamped LP. Used as panniers for carrying fuel, found in Aberdeenshire. "Before that period (1747) the fuel was carried in creels, and the corn in currachs." O.S.A. iv. 395. " Currachs are implements of husbandry which are now (1792) entirely disused." P. Alvah: supra. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 554 GENERAL AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS 7 Portrait of the Rev. Patrick Bell, LL.D., by Patrick Allen Eraser, H.R.S.A. Patrick Bell, one of the inventors of the reaping machine, was born near Dundee, in April, 1799. While studying for the ministry at St. Andrews, he contrived a machine designed to lessen the labour of harvesting. Next year (in 1828) the machine was used on his brother's farm in Perthshire. He took out no patent. The machine was freely copied and used till 1868, when it was bought for the museum of the Patent Office, where it now is. Two fingers of the original machine are here suspended under the inventor's portrait. Dr. Bell was ordained in 1843 to the parish of Carmylie, Arbroath, and he remained there till his death in 1869. In recognition of his services to agriculture the University of St. Andrews conferred on him the honorary degree of LL.D. Lent by Hospitalfields Art School, Arbroath. Two Steel Eingers of the original Bell's reaper. Lent by George Bell. Below the portrait is a model of an early form of reaping machine, lent by the inventor, James Smith of Deanston. Lent by the University of Glasgow. Suist or flail. Buailtein is the supple, or part of the flail that strikes the corn. Lent by James Buchanan. Criathar or sieve made of goat's skin. The iron spike shown with it, was used when red hot, to make the holes in the sieve. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 11 Suist or Highland flail. (See No. 9.) Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 12 Wecht or weght is a very ancient name for an instrument in the form of a sieve, but without holes. This one is made of goat's skin. Erom Tiree. Used for winnowing husks from oatmeal, barley meal, and rye meal. "Take that instrument used in winnowing the corn, which, in our country dialect, we call a wecht." Note by Burns to "Hallowe'en." Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 13 Wooden Stobspade, used for pushing in the straw in thatching. Eound at Eintray, Aberdeenshire. " Stob-thatching is now (1793) become pretty general, and when well executed, makes a warm and durable roof." P. New Deer, O.S.A. ix. 187-188. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 14 Four examples of the Slabhruidh or Highland pot-hanger. Lent by Donald MacKenzie. 9 EAST GALLERY 556 15 Slabhruidh. Lent by W, K. MacDonald. 16 ''Luppie" of the 18th century, from Smiddybanks, South Ronaldshay, Orkney. A basket for holding corn. Made of straw and dried sea-ware. (From Lepe, which also denotes a sort of fish net.) Lent by Chas. S. S. Johnston. 17 Horn, used for sowing turnip seed in the olden time. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 18 Cow's Horn, carried by Alexander Galbraith when driving cattle to England. Lent by Mrs. Alexander Park. 19 Old Cow Horn, used at Kilbarchan for calling the farm workers to meals. Lent by James Buchanan. 20 Tin Horn to summon the workers at Rothesay cotton mills in 1780. Lent by the Marquis op Bute. 21 Cowherd's Horn, used a.d. 1776, at Ordie in the parish of Oathlaw near Forfar. Lent by Rev. Alexander Ritchie. 22 The old Norse lvdr or tooting horn of Shetland. It was also used at sea in fogs, and when hunting whales. Lent by Gilbert Goudie. 23 Tooting Horn, made from the horn of the Scottish wild goat. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 24 Two "Hobbles" or "Langells." These were a kind of tether by which the fore and hind feet of the horse or cow could be fastened together, to hinder the animal from kicking, or from straying before the introduction of fences in fields. Lent by John Robertson. 25 One -"Hobble" or "Langell." Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 26 Smuggler's Wooden Saddle. Strings of ponies were used to convey smuggled foreign alcohol in small kegs or ankers from the coast to the interior. Each pony bore one or more wooden saddles of this kind, and to each saddle was attached two ankers of brandy. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 27 Smuggler's Wooden Saddle, from Aberdeenshire. Lent by Alexander Grant. 28 Silver-mounted leather riding Whip, dated 1789. Lent by A. B. Todd. 556 GENERAL AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS 29 Lent by William Adam. 30 TToT? SFTiTT from MnrfiVilv Cjastlp Lent by Tom Scott. 31 Old Iron Bit. Lent by the Banff Museum. 32 Old Horse Bit. Lent by the Peebles Museum. 33 Stirrup Irons, from Neidpath Castle, Peebles. They belonged to the second Earl of T^veeddale. Lent by Chambers' Institute, Peebles. 34 Single Stirrup Iron. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. 35 Spade, with handle in wood and blade in iron. This was the old style of implement used by the small cultivators in Shetland. Found at Scalloway, Shetland. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 36 Flauchter Spade. A long two-handed instrument for casting turfs. Found at Premnay, Aberdeenshire. " The turf is produced by setting fire to the grass and heath about the month of June, and then raising the surface with what is called a flauchter-spade." O.S.A. P. Killearn, xvi. 120. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 37 Peat Spade. "Lifting the upper green turf at the peat-hag and laying it aside, the digger uncovers the black slimy peat underneath. The spade is long and narrow, with a shorter blade set at right angles to the other, so that forcing it downwards into the exposed peat, it cuts out an oblong piece of about a foot in length. These pieces are laid out in rows on the turf, so as to free them from their excessive moisture ; afterwards they are stacked in little heaps until the sun has dried them, and they are then ready for use or for storage against th6 winter." — "The Misty Isle of Skye " (1910), p. 151. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 38 Spade. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 39 Spade. Lent by 40 TusKAR, from Shetland. The old Norse Torf sheri (Turf cutter). Used for digging or "casting" peats. The tuskar is an instrument of iron, with a wooden handle. "When the moor is thus flayed, an ancient Scandi- navian implement of husbandry, named a tuskar, is used for casting the peats. Its shaft is rather longer EAST GALLERY 567 than that of a common spade, whilst to the bottom of it is affixed a sharp iron plate, styled a feather." — Hibbert's "Shetland," p. 430. Lent by Gilbert Goudie. 41 Weeding Spade. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 42 Kale Gully. The kale gully is a large knife used in the country for cutting and shearing down kale or colewort. " A lang kail-gully hung down by his side.'^ Jamieson's "Popular Ballads," i. 302. Lent by Banff Museum. 43 Kale Gully. 44 Kale Gully. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 45 Kale Gully, with handle in wood and iron, and blade in steel. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 46 Kale Gully, with wooden handle. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 47 Crochan or Pot-hook. {Crock, Gael, to hang or suspend.) The Crochan was made from a stout piece of peeled oak, into which there was afterwards inserted three strong iron hooks. It was fixed on the "cross-tree" inside the old-fashioned, wide-mouthed chimney. From the hooks might be hung pots over the fire; but the crochan was chiefly used for the drying and smoking of hams and of " braxy " mutton. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 48 Kelchin, in wood; found in Strathdon, Aberdeenshire. The Kelchin was hung up inside the wide-mouthed chimney, and loaded with fir-splinters, which were thus dried, preparatory, for use in the "peermen." Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 49 Horse Hair Halter, Hebridean. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 50 Cas-Crom or foot plough (lit. the bended foot), used in the Hebrides for tilling. From the island of Harris. " The method of cultivating the ground was (and still is) simple enough. No plough was used : instead of it the cas-chrom., or crooked spade [was employed], an instrument with a long shaft, a blade about a foot and a half long set obliquely at the end of the shaft, and a rest for the foot. With this primitive instrument (whicli is still in common use) a man could cut the sod with wonderful speed."— " The Misty Isle of Skye " (1910), p. 215. 558 GENERAL AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS Their corn grounds often lie in such intricacies among the crags, that there is no room for the action of a team and plough. The soil is then turned up by manual labour, with an instrument called a crooked spade, of a form and weight which appeared to me very incommodious, and would perhaps be soon improved in a country where workmen could be easily found and easily paid. It has a narrow blade of iron fixed to a long and heavy piece of wood, which must have, about a foot and a half above the iron, a knee or flexure with the angle downwards. When the farmer encounters a stone, which is the great impediment of his operations, he drives the blade under it, and bringing the knee or angle to the ground, has in the long handle a very forcible lever." — Samuel Johnson, ''A Journey to the Western Islands." The word is usually mis-spelled. The correct spelling is Cas-Crom. 51 Cas-Crom. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 52 Cas-Crom. Lent by the Grierson Museum, Thornhill. 53 Four old Horse Shoes. Lent by the Arbroath Museum. 54 One old Horse Shoe, found near Lesmahagow. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. 55 Calthrop or Crawtae, an instrument of three spikes, made to injure the feet of trespassers. These exhibited were laid down each autumn in the orchard at Shirgarton, Kippen, at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries. Calthrops are popularly supposed to have been used at Bannockburn by King Robert the Bruce with the purpose of disabling the English horses. For this belief Sir Walter Scott is largely responsible. "His friend, the Rev. Doctor Heavysterne, had sustained much injury by sitting down suddenly and incautiously, on three ancient calthrops or crawtaes, which had been lately dug up in a bog near Bannock- burn." — Scott, "Antiquary," i. pp. 53-54. Lent by Harvie Anderson. 56 Crawtae, found on Cowden Home Farm. Lent by Miss Christie. 57 Talag, or Little Adze. Used in boat-building. Lent by Mrs. Carmichael. 58 Caibe, a Matlock or Hoe. (The name is applied to any sort of delving instrument.) Lent by Mrs. Carmichael. 59 Old Hay Fork. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. EAST GALLERY 559 GO Graip, or dung-fork. "The graip he for a harrow taks." Burns' "Hallowe'en." Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 61 Old Flauchter Spade. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 62 Creeper, in iron, without handle. Used in spreading manure. Found in Aberdeenshire. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 63 Tin Box, with wooden handle. Used for sowing turnips. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 64 Turnip Seed Sower. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 65 Instrument for sowing Seed, known as a Bohhyn Joan. {Bohhyn is Scots for seedvessel.) Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 66 Turnip Puller made from a sword blade, with handle in wood. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 67 Tochailiche Buntata, or potato digger. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 68 Axe, in iron, found at Corgarff, Aberdeenshire, 1870. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 69 Croman, or whin axe. ("Croman" means crooked or hump-backed.) Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 70 Thistle Axe, used for rooting out thistles. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 71 Primitive Hoe. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 72 Spade, used for planting trees. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 73 Primitive Trowel. Lent by the Arbroath Museum. 74 A Rude Trowel. Lent by the Arbroath Museum. 75 Hebridean Caster, with which to make straw ropes. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 76 Thraw Crook, for twisting straw ropes. Lent by John Robertson. 77 Thraw Crook. Lent by John Robertson. 560 GENERAL AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS 78 Thraw Ckook, or straw rope twister. The word is lowland Scottish in origin. " Ane thraw-cruk to twyne ane tether." — Bannatyne Poems, p. 160. 79 Cromsgan. 80 Thraw Crook. 81 Thraw Crook. 82 Thraw Crook. 83 Thraw Crook. Lent by the Elgin Museum. Lent by Mrs. Carmichael. Lent by John Robertson. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. Lent by John Robertson, Lent by James Buchanan. 84 Iron Hemp Hook socketted with curved blade in original wooden handle. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 85 Broom Hook. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 86 Cromsgan. Lent by Mrs. Carmichael. 87 Bean Reaping Hook. Lent by tbe Smith Institute, Stirling. 88 CoRRAN, or Reaping Hook. Corran, Gaelic, is a sickle or reaping hook, and is so-called from its crenated edge, which resembles a collection of harhed arrows. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 89 A Sea-weed Gatherer's Hook. Tiree. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 90 Toothed Reaping Hook. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 91 A Sea-weed Gatherer's Hook. Tiree. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 92 Toothed Reaping Hoop. Lent by the Albert Institute, Dundee. 93 Old hand Harpoon. Crofters in the islands were fishermen as well as farmers. Lent by Alan Inglis. 94 Hay Cutter. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling EAST GALLERY 561 95 Barley Humbler. To "humble barley," is to break off the beards or awns of barley, as with a flail. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 96 Piece of Rope, made of fir roots. Lent by William Adam. 97 Piece of Rope, made of hair. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 98 The Hub of an old cart wheel. Lent by the Banff Museum. 99 Wooden Linchpin. Lent by the Arbuthnot Museum, Peterhead. 100 The " Graham Furrowing Board," invented by Robert Graham, of Tainraver, Banton, in 1739. Lent by John Livingston. 101 Shepherd's ancient Crook, with wrought iron head. Lent by Mrs. Ogilvy Reid. 102 Oaken " Slate " from the Castle of Dunnydeer. Lent by Mrs. MacCracken. 103 Stone, used for bruising whins when these were given to cattle for food in times of famine. About the middle of the 18th century, the threshing of whins with flails for horses' food was common in the neighbourhood of Glasgow. — Brown: ''History of Glas- gow," p. 180. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 104 Skye crofters digging in kelp with the Cas-Crom. Lent by Dr. William Gemmell. 105 The Cas-Crom, in use in Skye. Lent by Dr. William Gemmell. 106 A Crofter's House in Skye. Lent by Dr. William Gemmell. 107 A Crofter's House, North Uist. Lent by Dr. William Gemmell. 108 A Highland Clachan on Loch Duich. Lent by Dr. William Gemmell. 109 A Peat Stack, South Uist. Lent by Dr. William Gemmell. 110 The wife of a crofter Grinding Corn in Skye. Lent by Dr. William Gemmell. 111 Cutting Peats. Lent by Dr. William Gemmell. 562 GENERAL AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS 112 AViNDOW, from one of the old houses recently demolished in the Black Croft, Dundee. This type of windoAV was not uncommon in Scotland, and is exceedingly interesting from an economic, a hygienic, and a protective point of view. Lent by Dundee Free Library. DOMESTIC ARTICLES ON FLOOR. AGBICULTUBE. QUERNS. "The housewives grind their oats with a quern, or hand- mill, which consists of two stones, about a foot and a half in diameter; the lower is a little convex, to which the concavity of the upper must be fitted. In the middle of the upper stone is a round hole, and on one side is a long handle. The grinder sheds the corn gradually into the hole with one hand, and works the handle round with the other. The corn slides down the convexity of the lower stone, and by the motion of the upper is ground in its passage." — Samuel Johnson, " A Journey to the Western Islands." 1 Early Quern, with horizontal handle-hole; approximating to the early beehive type. Rotary querns were introduced from 100 to 200 years before the Romans arrived in Britain. The upper stones of the earliest querns were beehive shaped, and not flat. The Romans introduced the flat quern. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 2 Upper stone of a Quern of the early type, with horizontal handle-hole. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 3 Later Two-handled Stone Quern, with vertical handle-hole. Lent by Ludovic M'L, Mann. 4 Quern. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 5 Large Quern Stone. (Understone of No. 16.) Lent by Rev. J. E. Somerville. 6 Two Understones of Querns. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 7 Very large Quern Stone, being the upperstone of a " Norse mill." These were introduced in the 9th century, a.d., and have been found in the Islands, Wigtownshire, and elsewhere, in districts long under Norwegian influence and government. They have never been found in England. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. EAST GALLERY 563 8 Two top stones of a square Quern, each showing four socket holes at the corners of the square. The motion of such a quern could not have been circular, but must have been from side to side. Women were plentiful in the tribe using it, as four would be required for each quern. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 9 Small stone Quern, on three legs. Lent by J. R Moreton MacDonald. 10 Top Stone of schistose rock, with socket for a vertical handle, and a funnel-shaped central perforation; found within the small broch-like structure on Dunbuie Hill, Dum- bartonshire. This relic is invaluable as showing the comparatively late period of that structure, with regard to which so much controversy has arisen. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 11 Stone Cruisie Mould, from Galloway. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 12 Stone Cruisie Mould, used in Menmuir in the eighteenth century. Lent by Alexander Philip. 13 Stone Mould for the making of cruisies. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 14 Double Mould for cruisies and ladle. In the days when each village blacksmith made the cruisies of the community, one of these stone cruisie moulds stood at the forge-door. The white hot iron was brought from the forge, and hammered into shape in the stone mould. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 15 Single lower Quern Stone. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 16 Upper Quern Stone, with collar round the central perforation. Lent by Rev. J. E. Somerville. 17 Top Stone and Socket of Stone of Quern. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 18 Stone Quern, with iron accessories and wooden handle. Lent by Falconer Museum, Forres. 19 Upper and Lower Stones of a Quern, from Inverness-shire. Lent by Rev. J. F. Somerville. 20 Collared Quern from Orkney. Lent by W. Irvine Fortescue. GENERAL AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS KNOCKIN' STANES. The only mode of grinding barley, which prevailed in Scot- land till near the middle of the 18th century, was by bruising it in a mortar, or " knockin' stane " as it was called. The barley was put into the hollow stone, with a little water : this rendered the separation of the husk from the grain more easy of accomplishment. It was then well beaten with a wooden mallet or " niell " till, as " knockit here," it was fit for use in the universal dish of the country, " Scotch broth." 21 Knockin' Stane. Used for triturating the heads of barley when moist, with a large wooden rubber used vertically. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 22 Large collared Quern, with iron pivot. Lent by John Robeetson. 23 Knockin' Stane. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 24 Knockin' Stane. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 25 Knockin' Stane. This was evidently at first part of a pillar in an ecclesiastical edifice. It was really found at an abbey in the south-west of Scotland, Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 26 Massive barrel-shaped Granite Stone, carefully worked with smooth central perforation. Of unknown use. From the south-west of Scotland. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 27 Very old Square Four-legged Stool. (Gael. Furm, hence Scot, form, a seat.) Lent by James Buchanan. 28 Triangular Three-legged Stool, or Furm, made from a piece of a boat, with the mark where the rope ran, under- neath. Lent by Wm. Go wans and Co. 29 Stone Weight from Banffshire, used for pressing curd in the chessel, in cheese-making. Lent by the Falconer Museum, Forres. 30 Circular Hollow Stone, with perforation on one side. Lent by Lunovic M'L. Mann, WEIGHTS. 31 A Firlot (35 lbs.) Stone Weight. Lent by John Robertson. EAST GALLERY 665 32 Stone Weight, with iron ring. Lent by John Robertson. 33 Half of Upperstone of a Small Quern. , Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 34 Part of a Tile or Perforated Stone, for drying grain. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. 35 Border Beacon, from the tower of Barnes, Peebleshire. Lent by Chambers' Institute, Peebles. PLOUGHS. The Thrapple Plough was the old wooden plough with one stilt ; it was composed entirely of wood, with the exception of the coulter and sock. It was drawn by four oxen yoked abreast to the cross-bar, which was fastened to the beam by thongs of raw hide or ropes of hair. He who managed the stilt held it close and firm to his right thigh, which he protected by wrapping it round with the skin of a sheep or other animal. To keep the plough sufficiently deep in the earth a second person was required to press it down ; a third person acted as driver by placing himself between the two central animals, when he walked backwards, preventing himself from falling by placing both arms over their necks. Old people declare that the soil yielded better crops after being ploughed in this manner than it does by the modern practice." — "Scottish Gael" (1876), pp. 95-96. 36 Wooden Plough for oxen. Used about 80 years ago in reclaiming land in Maryculter parish, Kincardineshire. Lent by Mrs. Duguid. 37 Double moulded Avooden Plough. Lent by R. Ker Ramsay. 38 AYooden Plough. Lent by the Arbuthnot Museum, Peterhead. 39 Old Wooden Peat Barrow (falling to pieces through age). Supposed to be 180 years old. Lent by Alan Stirling. 40 Ancient wooden Scottish Plough. Lent by A. Ewing Stevenson. This ancient wooden plough with iron coulter (cutter) was used at Blawarthill, Yoker. When the first attempts were made to deepen and widen the river Clyde, this was one of the appliances used for the purpose. When the islands (inches) and sand banks "were bare at low water, land ploughs, wrought by horses, were called into use, the object being to break up the banks, so that the current might carrv the sand away." — "The River Clyde," Deas (1876), ^p. 32. GENERAL AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS Old wooden Cart Axle. Lent by the Elgin Museum. Wooden Brace. Lent by the Arbuthnot Museum, Peterhead. Sock of an old wooden 3-yoke plough, used over 100 years ago. Lent by James Buchanan. LIGHTING AND HEATING. A LANTERN varies in shape. It is either entirely or in part made of some transparent substance which sur- rounds the flame. Lanterns are closed at top and bottom, but perforated to admit air for combustion pur- poses. In this country lantern windows are of horn or glass. Probably the oldest existing specimen is that of Guy Fawkes, now in the Bodleian Museum at Oxford. But next to it in historical importance is Rob Roy's lantern here shown (No. 6). A special Scottish form is the "bowaf (Nos. 4, 5, 8 and 10). Ye suld use the law of God as ye wald use ane torche quhen ye gang hayme to your home in a myrk nycht, for as the torche or howat schawis you lycht to descerne the rycht waie hayme to your house fra the wrang way, and also to descerne the clein way fra the foule waie; evin sa aucht ye to use the law or command of God, as a torche, howat, or lanterin." — Abp. Hamiltoun's " Cate- chisme,'' 1551 (fol. 78). No. 85 is an ingenious collapsible lantern, made and used by a housebreaker in the pursuit of his calling. W. G. WALL CASE 1. 1 An Old AVooden Lantern, with three oblong panes, door, and perforated floor. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 2 An Old Iron Bowat, with three oblong panes and perforated floor. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 3 Old Iron Candle Lantern, with horn panes, from the Tay Lighthouse. Lent by Alf. W. Cox. 4 Old Iron Candle Bowat, with three bull's-eye panes. Lent by Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. 5 Old Iron Candle Bowat, with three oblong panes. Lent by James Buchanan. 566 41 42 43 EAST GALLERY 567 6 Old Wooden Candle Lantern, with three oblong panes, each buU's-eyed (green glass) — the so-called Rob Roy's lantern. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 7 Square Iron Candle Lantern, with three square panes, per- forated on door. Lent by Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. 8 Circular Iron Candle Bowat and Candlestick (early). Lent by Provost Plenderleith, Biggar. 9 Triangular Iron Candle Lantern, on three feet, with three large panes. Lent by Albert Institute, Dundee. 10 Circular Iron Candle Bowat and Candlestick (early), from Aberdeenshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 11 Collapsible Oblong Iron Lantern, perforated, with one horn pane. Lent by Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. 12 Hexagonal Iron Lantern, with single glass pane. Lent by Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. 13 Collapsible Iron Lantern, with three glass panes (one red) and perforated top. Lent by Alfred W. Cox. 14 Hanging Naphtha Lamp, with support for chimney, glass platform. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 15 Copper Oblong Candle Lantern, with two glass panes and bull's-eye. Lent by 16 Hexagonal Thin Brass Candle Lantern, with three panes, the front one beautifully engraved. Lent by Arbroath Museum. 17 Hanging Naphtha Lamp, no support for chimney. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 18 Circular Perforated Iron Lantern, with oblong red glass pane in front. Lent by Albert Institute, Dundee. 19 Hexagonal Tin Candle Lantern, perforated, with one glass pane. Lent by Albert Institute, Dundee. 20 Copper and Brass Quadrangular Lantern, with three bull's- Lent by A. W. Cox. 568 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 21 Perforated Iron Candle Lantern, with three glass panes. Lent by Andrew W. Hope. 22 Circular Iron Candle Bowat, no external candlestick. Lent by Andrew W. Hope. 23 Hanging Naphtha Lamp, with support for chimney. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 24 Quadrangular Iron Candle Lantern, with external candle- stick and one glass pane. Lent by Andrew W. Hope. 25 Miller's Tin Oil Lamp, with wall support, and drip safe. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 26 Iron Candle Sconce (Scottish, single). Lent by Wm. Chapman. The word Cruisie is from the same origin as the English cruse, cruise, a small cup, especially a cup for holding oil. "A small wicket was forced open, through which was pro- truded a hand holding a lamp of that description called in Scotland a cruisie." — " S. Kathleen," iii., p. 157. The Gaelic form is Cruisgean, which strictly means a small jug or pitcher, especially a broken one : • such was no doubt often made to supply the place of a lamp. The cruisie as a form of hanging lamp is of considerable antiquity. Some of its characteristic features are seen in lamps found in the Catacombs at Rome, which had been placed there in the early Christian centuries. Various forms of the cruisie are to be found in Iceland, the Scilly Isles, France, Spain, Algiers, and along the coast of the Mediter- ranean Sea. Hanging lamps exactly resembling the Roman ones are still used in parts of Italy and France. It is probable that the original distribution of the cruisie was coterminous with the Roman Empire. The Scottish form owes its origin to the Roman lamp. The essential difference between the two is that the Scottish cruisie is provided with a second and slightly larger open vessel placed under the other to catch the drippings of the oil. Both parts of the lamp are commonly of wrought iron, which is shaped by being hammered round an iron die or into a stone mould. One of these moulds stood at the door of every village blacksmith's forge in Scotland. (See Nos. 11, 12, 13, and 14, Agricultural Section.) In the cruisie, as in the lamps of antiquity, the oil vessel lies immediately behind the burning point of the wick, with which the oil is almost level when the reservoir is full. The wick is a round, soft cord which projects from the nozzle or spout. The light obtained is thrown forward and to the sides only, the back being entirely in shadow. The wick, being round and solid, absorbs the oil equally at the centre and circumference : only to the outer edges of the flame is there any access of air : combustion is therefore incom- plete. The result is the production of a smoky, unsteady flame, and the discharge into the atmosphere of the acrid EAST GALLERY 569 products of imperfect combustion. As the level of the oil in the reservoir sinks, the wick has to feed the flame from a greater distance by capillary attraction, and as the supply of oil diminishes, the light decreases in proportion. The under shell and the upright back of the cruisie are made in one piece ; and the upper portion of the back is usually bent at right angles to bring the end over the centre of gravity. From this end suspension takes place by a rod or chain. The upper shell is a separate and smaller vessel, suspended on a notched bar or ratchet, which projects for- ward from the back, at right angles, or more often, on an upward incline. By movement forward or upward from notch to notch on this projecting ratchet, the supply of oil to the burning wick is easily regulated. This movement elevates the back of the upper shell and depresses the front, and maintains the level of the oil at the nozzle from which the burning wick protrudes, so long as the oil lasts. The wick was of native cotton, or of native worsted yarn, though sometimes the pith of various rushes was used for that pur- pose. As the wick burned down^ it was trimmed and pushed to the front of the nozzle by a small wooden pin, which was usually kept in reserve in the upper shell. (See No. 83.) The rod or chain from which the cruisie was suspended terminated in two sharp spikes, one of which was bent round in the form of a hook. By this hook the lamp was hung from any convenient projection in the interior of the dwell- ing ; but when the lamp was carried into the byre, the sharp spike was thrust into the turf, or among the loose stones of which its walls were composed. The oil used was of home manufacture, obtained from some portion of the fish with which the seas and rivers abounded. It was often exceedingly coarse and rank; and the heavy smell of it, with the acrid odour from the imper- fect combustion, and the smoky and wavering light which was produced, show how imperfect and primitive this means of illumination really was. W. G. 27 Shell of Iron Cruisie. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 28 Iron Cruisie Lamp, unusually fine and large, from Loch Fyne. Lent by M'Lean Museum, Greenock. 29 Very Early Puirman, from Aberdeenshire. Lent by 30 Hanging Naphtha Lamp, in iron, with chimney; from Peterhead. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 31 Circular Glass Candle Lantern, in perforated tin frame (glass bottom), with candle in it; from Aberdeenshire. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 0 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 32 Expanding Iron Peeeman. Lent by Wm. Chapman. Puikmen/^ pronounced in Aberdeenshire ''peermen." The name arose from the custom of making use of vagrants and gaberlunzies in holding the light for the spinning-wheel as a return for food and alms. The earliest form of puirman " was a stout staff about three feet long, placed in a hole bored in a large stone, and with a piece of slit iron at the upper end for holding the flaming fir-splinter (No. 106). Later forms made of iron, with hinges, after the manner of a gas bracket, were in use in Midlothian and Lanarkshire till within living memory (No. 108 and others). Afterwards by analogy the name Avas applied to rush-holders. W. G. 33 Double Iron Peerman, with Candleholder, in one piece. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 34 Movable Single Iron Peerman, with grid, for drying pine knots; from Speyside. Lent by E. W. Gaskell. 35 Single Iron Peerman, with spike. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 36 Scottish Cruisie Lamp, in iron, with spike and hook and angular ratchet. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 37 Scottish Iron Cruisie, with lid, spike and hook, horizontal ratchet. Lent by Mrs. Donald. 38 Scottish Iron Cruisie, with twisted spike and hook and angular ratchet. Lent by Captain John Hope. 39 Scottish Iron Cruisie, with lid, and very thin twisted hook and spike ; angular ratchet. Lent by Mrs. Hugh Reid. 40 Scottish Iron Cruisie, with lid, twisted hook, and horizontal ratchet. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 41 Scottish Iron Cruisie, with lid, long spike, and very short hook ; horizontal ratchet. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 42 Scottish Iron Cruisie, with short spike and hook; angular ratchet. Lent by Mrs. Hugh Reid. 43 Brass Cruisie, with iron hook and spike, and angular brass ratchet. Lent by M. Cursiter. EAST GALLERY 571 44 Scottish Iron Ceuisie, with twisted hook only, and horizontal ratchet ; from Forfarshire. Lent by W. S. Smith. 45 Scottish Iron Cruisie, with long nose and angular ratchet (hook and spike gone) ; from Ballavoullin, Tiree. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 46 Scottish Iron Cruisie, with horizontal ratchet (no hook or spike). Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 47 Scottish Iron Cruisie, with lid, hook, spike, and horizontal ratchet. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 48 Expanding Iron Peerman and Candleholder. Lent by Wm. Cha^pman. 49 Iron Cruisie, with short hook and spike. Lfent by James Buchanan. 50 Brass Sliding Pulpit Candlestick. Lent by Wm. C. Cockburn. 51 Scottish Cruisie, with hook and spike and horizontal ratchet. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 52 Scottish Iron Cruisie, with spike and hook (no ratchet). Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 53 Scottish Iron Cruisie, with spike and hook and angular ratchet. Lent by F. C. Inglis. 54 Scottish Iron Cruisie, with hook (no spike) and horizontal ratchet; from Strathtay, Perthshire. Lent by W. Kennedy. 55 Scottish Iron Cruisie, with lid, hook, and small angular ratchet. Lent by the late Rev. J. B. A. Watt. 56 Copper Cruisie, with angular ratchet and iron spike and horn. Lent by Wm. R. Samuel. 57 Iron Cruisie, with spike and hook and angular ratchet; from Shetland. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 58 Iron Cruisie (painted), with angular ratchet and iron spike. Lent by T. W. Dewar. 59 Scottish Iron Cruisie, with hook and angular ratchet. Lent by Wm. Young. 60 Copper Cruisie, with angular ratchet and iron hook. Lent by Arbroath Museum. 572 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 61 Large Old Iron Cruisib, with iron spike and hook and horizontal ratchet. Lent hj Wm. Chapman. 62 Movable Iron Peerman, with grid for drying fir knots. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 63 Copper Cruisie (no hook or spike, ratchet gone). Lent by Mrs. Macleod. 64 Iron Cruisie, with angular ratchet and twisted iron hook. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 65 Small Iron Cruisie, no spike or hook, small angular ratchet. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 66 Iron Cruisie, without spike or hook, angular ratchet; from Orkney. Lent by Gilbert Goudie. 67 Iron Cruisie, with neither spike nor hook ; horizontal ratchet. Lent by Gilbert Goudie. 68 Iron Cruisie, with spike and hook and angular ratchet. Lent by J. Downes. 60 Iron Cruisie, wire hanger and angular toothed ratchet. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 70 Large Iron Cruisie with spike, hook and horizontal ratchet : a fine specimen, Avith extra large lugs. Lent by Banff Museum. 71 Iron Cruisie with twisted hook and horizontal ratchet. Lent by John Ord. 72 Copper Cruisie, with iron hook, and horizontal spike. Lent by James A. Morrier. 73 Iron Cruisie, with twisted iron spike and hook, angular toothed ratchet. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 74 Iron Cruisie, with hook and angular toothed ratchet. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 75 Iron Cruisie, with hook and horizontal ratchet. Lent by E. W. Gaskell. 76 Iron Cruisie, with twisted iron spike and hook, and angular ratchet. Lent by John Ord. 77 Iron Cruisie, with iron spike and hook, and horizontal ratchet. Lent by Captain John Hope. 78 Brass Cruisie, with angular ratchet and iron hook. Lent by T. W. Dewar. EAST GALLERY 673 79 Expanding Iron Peerman. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 80 Cast-iron Cruisie. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 81 Iron Cruisie Die. Lent by Alexander Grant. 82 Copper Cruisie, with copper hook and angular ratchet. Lent by M. Cursiter. 83 Copper Cruisie, no hook or spike, wooden pin for trimming wick. Lent by Wm. Go wans & Co. 84 Brass Cruisie, ornamented, brass hook and ball ratchet. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 85 Housebreaker's Collapsible Candlestick. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 86 Tin Naphtha L\mp. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 87 Train Oil Lamp, over 100 years old. Lent by John T. Johnstone. 88 Small Copper Lamp. Lent by Carnegie Library, Ayr. 89 Tin Lamp (Dutch style). Lent by Mrs. Mary M. Urquhart. 90 Tin Suspending Lamp, double spouted. Lent by Alan Inglis. 91 Highland Lamp : tin with copper nozzle. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 92 Tin Lamp, with curved handle. Lent by Paisley Free Library. 93 Tin Oil Lamp, for two wicks; used in a public hall in Banff- shire 60 years ago. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 94 Brass Candle Bracket (expanding) . Lent by Muirhead Moffat. 95 Iron Peerman on four feet, circular iron top. Lent by Rev. G. S. MacKay. 96 Iron Candlestick, with sliding platform for four lights, on tripod stand. Lent by Joseph Downs. 97 Brass Candlestand, with sliding holder, on three iron feet. Lent by Muirhead Moffat. 574 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 98-99 Two large Candlestands, with sliding holders; called ''Galloway Tramps." Lent by James M'D. Black. 100 Iron Candlestand, with sliding holder, for three tallow dips. Stem made from an ordinary kitchen poker. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 101 Iron Candlestand, for use with a spinning wheel. Lent by Rev. J. King Hewison, D.D. 102 Peerman, on wooden stand. Lent by the late Rev. J. B. A. Watt. 103 Iron Standard Candlestick, with brass sliding tray, for two lights. Lent by T. T. Warren. 104 Wooden Standard Candlestick for two lights, with ratchet slide. Lent by Mrs. Mary M. Urquhart. 105 Wooden Standard Candlestick, with ratchet slide. Lent by Mrs Ogilvie Reid. 106 Peerman, spiral wooden stalk and stone base, from Nocandy, Archeston, Moray. This is a rude and primitive example of a peerman. Lent by C. M. Collins. 107 Primitive Wooden Candlestick, from Fala Secession Kirk, 1788. Lent by Rev. T. Ratcliffe Barnett. 108 Expanding Peerman. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 109 Single Peerman. This is one of the simplest forms. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 110 Fir Cleaver. These substantial knives were used to cleave the pine wood in splinters of a size suitable for drying, and afterwards for burning. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 111 Fir Cleaver. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 112 Iron Cleaver, for cutting fir splinters ; from Aberdeenshire. Lent by John Ord. 113 Tongs, for lifting rush lights. Lent by Miss Christie. 114 Fir Splinters, for Peerman. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 115 Bundle of Fir Splinters. Lent by Alfred W. Cox. EAST GALLERY 675 116 Bundle of Fir Splinters, flint and steel. Lent by Albert Institute, Dundee. Domestically, flint and steel, with touch-paper, have been in use in Scotland for a long period, for light-pro- duction. Sometimes effectual light, hoAvever, fails to appear, and the energy produced by friction only takes the form of a regrettable degree of heat. Ingenious arrangements for producing a spark, by the sharp con- tact of steel with flint, through pulling a trigger, are known as " strike-a-lights," and resemble a pistol in appearance. (Nos. 320 and 327.) W. G. 117 Bundle of Spunks. Lent by Paisley Free Library. 118 Single Four-nosed Iron Cruisie, with hook, and movable handle for suspension. Lent by Mrs. Carmichael. 119 Double Four-nosed Iron Cruisie, suspended from back, horizontal ratchet. Lent by Wm. Brown. 120 Four-nosed Iron Cruisie, with horizontal ratchet, suspended by hook and spike. Lent by Mrs. Small. 121 Four-nosed Iron Cruisie, ratchet and hook gone. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 122 Tin Can Oil Lamp, with spout ; from Galloway. Lent by Rev. Dr. J. King Hewison. 123 Tin Standard Lamp, with weighted base. (Dutch model.) Lent by Albert Institute, Dundee, 124 Tin Oil Lamp. Lent by Mrs. Mary M. Urquhart. 125 Tin Naphtha Lamp. Lent by William Adam. 126 Weaver's Oil Lamp. Lent by Albert Institute, Dundee. 127 Tin Oil Lamp, with spout. Lent by Alfred W. Cox. 128 Hanging Iron Lamp. Lent by Society of Natural Science, Alloa. 129 Tin Lamp, Morayshire: (''Bubbly Oily"). Lent by Andrew Forgan. 130 Iron Hanging Lamp. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MaoDonald. 131 Circular Flat Iron Oil Lamp, for two lights. Lent by Paisley Free Library. 576 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 132 Candleholder and Peerman, on wooden base. Lent by Alfred W. Cox. 133 Fir Splinter Branch Holder, on wooden base. Lent by Alexander Grant. 134 Fir Splinter Holder, on wooden base. Lent by William Adam. 135 PuiRMAN and Candleholder. Lent by E. W. Gaskell. 136 Iron Candlestick, on tripod. Lent by Tom Scott. 137 Puirman. Lent by Muirhead Moffat. 138 Fir Branch Holder. Lent by C. M. Collins. 139 Iron Puirman and Candleholder. Lent by J. Downs. 140 Wooden Puirman, from Keith, Banffshire. Lent by W. Melven. 141 Fir Branch Holder, on stone base. Lent by Mrs. Gross art. 142 Puirman, with wooden base. Lent by Banff Museum. 143 Small Puirman. Lent by Andrew Smith. 144 Two Horn Lantern-Panes. Lent by James Smith. 145 Knife for splitting fir branches for puirmen. Lent by Banff Museum. 146 Iron Candleholder, on tripod. Lent by J. M'D. Black. 147 Puirman and Candleholder. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 148 Fir Branch Holder, on stone base. Lent by M'Lean Museum, Greenock. 149 Sliding Candleholder, with movable double arms. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 150 Iron Puirman, tripod stand. Lent by Banff Museum. 151 Expanding Iron Candleholder. Lent by J. Downs. 152 Cruisie, with lid ; horizontal ratchet and hook. Lent by University of Aberdeen. EAST GALLERY 577 153 Long-nosed Cruisie, balanced on a swiveL Lent by University of Aberdeen. 154 Weaver's Candleholder. Lent by J. Bell Main. This characteristic form of lighting apparatus was in common use among weavers in Scotland until the extinction of the small loom. It was simple but effectual, and not only gave a reasonable degree of light, but was safer and more cleanly than would have b. ?u possible with a lamp. 155 A\"i.\vr.:i'3 Candleholder. Lent by And. W. Hope. 156 Weaver's Candleholder. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 157 Weaver's Candleholder. Lent by Alan Inglis. 158 Double Candleholder, from Harden House. Lent by Hawick Museum, 159 Weaver's Candlestick. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 160 Weaver's Candlestick. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 161 Weaver's Candleholder and Candle. Lent by Paisley Free Library. 162 Weaver's Candleholder, with outside push. Lent by J. M'D. Black. 163 Weaver's Candleholder. Lent by And. W. Hope. 164 Weaver's Candleholder. Lent by J. Bell Main. 165 Weaver's Candleholder. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 166 Weaver's Lamp. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 167 Weaver's Lamp. Lent by Paisley Museum. 168 Lamplighter's Leerie, from Aberdeenshire. Lent by Corporation of Glasgow. Leerie. My tea is nearly ready, and the sun has left the sky : It's time to take the window to see Leerie going by : For every night at tea-time, and before you take your seat. With lantern and with ladder he comes posting up the street. T 578 DOMESTIC ARTICLES For we are very lucky, with a lamp before the door, And Leerie stops to light it as he lights so many more ; And 0 ! before you hurry by with ladder and with light, O Leerie, see a little child and nod to him to-night. R. L. Stevenson: ''A Child's Garden of Verses." 169 Weaver's Lamp. Lent by Corporation of Glasgow. 170 Weaver's Candlestick, with large basin. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 171 Weaver's Lamp. Lent by Paisley Museum. 172 Weaver's Candleholder. Lent by J. Bell Main. 173 Weaver's Candleholder. Lent by Rev. J. Robertson Cameron. 174 Weaver's Candleholder. Lent by Hawick Museum. 175 Weaver's Candleholder. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. CANDLESTICKS. It cannot be claimed that all the candlesticks in this case are purely Scottish in origin, but most of them were made in Scotland, and all of them were used in Scotland, for generations. By the time that candlesticks of any pretension were in general use, the Union of 1707 had been eflEected, and the freer intercourse with England is shown in the greater elaboration of the candlesticks. WALL CASE 2. Gun Metal Candlestick. Lent by Mrs. Robert Milne. Pair Pillar Candlesticks, square base. Lent by the Rev. James Robertson Cameron. Wooden Candlestick, brass nozzle. Lent by University of Aberdeen. Pair Mahogany Candlesticks, brass nozzle. Lent by Harry Brown. Pair Mahogany Candlesticks, brass nozzle. Lent by Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. Two Brass Candle Brackets, part of candelabra, used in Dundee town house. Lent by Alan Inglis. 176 177 178 179 180 181 EAST GALLERY 579 182 Mahogany Candlestick^ brass nozzle. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 183 Turned Wooden Candlestick, tin nozzle. Lent by University op Aberdeen. 184 Mahogany Candlestick, brass nozzle. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 185 Pair Brass Candlesticks. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 186 Pair Brass Candlesticks, oval base. Lent by Andrew W. Hope. 187 Brass Spill Box. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 188 Brass Candlestick. Lent by Drumelzier Parish Church. 189 Brass Candlestick. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 190 Pair Brass Candlesticks. Lent by Mrs. Jas. Hamilton. 191 Pair Brass Candlesticks, on square base. Lent by Mrs. Jas. Dunn. 192 Pair Copper Candlesticks, with white metal mounts. Lent by Miss Macfarlane. 198 Pair Pewter Candlesticks. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 194 Pair Pewter Candlesticks. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 195 Pewter Candlestick. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 196 Two Queen Anne Brass Candlesticks. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 197 Brass Candlestick. Lent by Mrs. John Duthie. 198 Two Queen Anne Candlesticks. Lent by Dr. Wm. Gemmell. 199 Iron Candlestick, outside push. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 200 One Queen Anne Candlestick. Lent by Andrew Smith. 201 Two Double-branch Brass Wall Sconces. Lent by Mrs. James Hamilton. 202 Japanned Snuffer and Tray. Lent by Mrs. Donald. 580 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 203 Taper Snuffers. Lent by Andrew Smith. 204 Pewter Snuffer and Tray. Lent by Wm. B. Neilson. 205 Brass Snuffer and Tray. Lent by Captain John Hope. 206 Japanned Snuffer Tray and Steel Snuffers. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 207 Brass Snuffer and Tray, peculiar shape. Lent by Andrew Smith. 208 Snuffer Tray and Extinguisher. Lent by Miss Macfarlane. 209 Small Brass Snuffer. Lent by Mrs. Donald. 210 Small Brass Snuffer. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 211 Pair Brass Snuffers, with brass heart-shape box. Lent by A. W. Gaskell. 212 Red Japanned Snuffer Tray. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 213 Brass Snuffer and Tray. Lent by Miss Macfarlane. 214 Old Iron Snuffer. Lent by Andrew W. Hope. 215 Brass Snuffer and Tray. Lent by W. B. Neilson. 216 Brass Taper Snuffers. Lent by Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 217 Pair Small Brass Candlesticks, square base. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 218 Two Queen Anne Brass Candlesticks. Lent by Andrew Smith. 219 Pair Queen Anne Brass Candlesticks. Lent by Andrew Smith. 220 Small Brass Candlestick, square base. Lent by Drumelzier Parish Church. 221 Small Candlestick. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 222 Iron Candlestick, outside push, brass collar and hanger. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 223 Iron Candlestick, with brass collar; from Stoneykirk. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. f]AST GALLERY 5gl 2f24 Iron Candlestick, octagonal base. Lent by Alfred W. Cox. 225 Small Brass Candlestick, square base. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 226 Queen Anne Brass Candlestick. Lent by Andrew Smith. 227 Jacobean Brass Candlestick. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 228 Pair Brass Telescopic Candlesticks. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 229 Brass Ladder-push Candlestick, with hanger. Lent by Muirhead Moffat. 230 Brass Telescopic Candlestick, square base. Lent by Miss Macfarlane. 231 Small Brass Candlestick, square base. Lent by Drumelzier Parish Church. 232 Lighting Torch, 1834. (This was the form of torch which succeeded that shown as No. 168.) Lent by Corporation of Glasgow, 233 Pair Frosters, for lamplighter's ladder. (These were attached to the foot of the lamplighter's ladder, to prevent it from slipping on the pathway in frosty weather.) Lent by Corporation of Glasgow. 234 Small Iron Bracket Candleholder. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 235 Pair Candle Extinguishers. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 236 Copper Candlestick, with ladder push. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 237 Candlestick, brass nozzle, with oval wooden base. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 238 Tin Boat-shape Candlestick. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 239 Pair Mahogany Candlesticks, brass nozzles. Lent by R. Ker Ramsay. 240 Pair Rosewood Candlesticks, brass nozzles. Lent by Andrew Smith. 241 Pair Mahogany Candlesticks, brass nozzles. Lent by Mrs. David Baxter. 242 Painted Iron Saucer Candlestick. Lent by Wm. Chapman 682 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 243 Small Wooden Candlestick, outside push. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 244 17tli Century Iron Candlestick. Lent by Carnwath Parish Church. 245 Street Lamplighter's Lamp. Lent by Corporation of Glasgow, 246 Pair of Old Tallow Candles. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 247 Jacobean Brass Candlestick, found near Shotts Kirk. Lent by Mrs. Gross art. 248 Two-candle Brass Sconce. Lent by John Napier. 249 Old Tin Candleholder, from Parish Church, Irvine. Lent by Graham Paterson. 250 Case, containing Tallow Dips, made in Elgin prior to 1860. Lent by Elgin Museum. 251 Frame of twelve Pewter Candle Moulds Lent by John Robertson. 252 Iron Candlestick, with carrying hook. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 253 Bedroom Brass Candlestick, saved from the wreck of the steamer "Forfarshire." Lent by Albert Institute, Dundee. 254 Bedroom Brass Candlestick. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 255 Iron Candlestick, outside push. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 256 Tavo Tin Candlesticks, weighted with sand, from Calton and Mile-End Bridewell. Lent by John Ord. 257 Brass Candlestick, large saucer. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 258 Old Wooden Matchbox, sliding lid. Lent by Mrs. Herbert. 259 CoNGREVE Matches, made in London, first half of 19th century. (These early matches, though not of Scottish manufacture, were much used in Scotland.) Lent by Corporation of Glasgow. 260 Lucifer Matches, made in London, early half of 19th cen- tury. Lent by Corporation of Glasgow. 261 Rude Stone Candlestick. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. EAST GALLERY 583 262 Rude Clay Candlestick. Lent by Chas. E. Whitei aw. 263 Circular Box of Congreve Matches. Lent by Alan E. Clapperton. 264 Small Bedroom Candlestick and Extinguisher. Lent by John Ord. 265 Case of Tallow Dips, from Tiree. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. Candles were used by the Romans, who made them by wrapping a flat sheet of wax round the wick. They were the common form of illuminant in Scotland for many years, the method of manufacture being; the dipping of a wick into melted animal fat, or wax (hence the expression "dips.") Readers of novels of the Georgian period will recall accounts of balls, routs, and card parties held in fine rooms brilliantly lit by hundreds of wax candles, from which the belles and beaux made their way homeward in Sedan chairs lighted by lamps or escorted by linkmen or torch-bearers. There still exist at the doors of some of the older houses in Edin- burgh iron extinguishers, in which the link was extin- 266 Two Candles, made from deer's fat, and found when repair- ing the old house in the Island of Raasay. Lent by Mrs. Macintosh. 267 Old Box of Damp-proof Matches. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 268 Pair Steel Snuffers. Note. — From exigencies of space, it has been found necessary to interrupt the list of lighting and heating appliances for a few numbers, to find accommodation for these Hour-Glasses. guished. W. G. Lent by Dr. MacGillivray. WALL CASE 3. 269 Hour Sand Glass. Lent by Jas. M'D. Black. 270 Hour Sand Glass. Lent by Jas. M'D. Black. 271 Hour Sand Glass. Lent by Jas. M'D. Black. 272 Sand Glass. Lent by Jas. M'D. Black. 584 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 273 Hour Sand Glass, llf in. high. Lent by Theodore Napier. 274 Sand Glass, found in Aberdeenshire. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 275 Sand Glass. Lent by Elgin Public Library. 276 Sand Glass. Lent by 277 Hour Sand Glass, from Sutherlandshire. Lent by Tom Scott. 278 Tailor's Iron Goose, or smoothing iron, with twisted handle. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 279 Double Tin Candlestick, on diverging branches. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 280 Wag at the Wa " Clock. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 281 Double Iron Goffering Iron, with bolt for lower and larger sheath: square base and turned feet; from Stoneykirk. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 282 Tailor's Iron Goose, with twisted handle. (Said to be 350 years old.) Lent by Chambers Institute, Peebles. 283 Iron Single-sheathed Goffering Iron, on turned brass pillar, and ornamented circular hollow iron base. Lent by J. M'D. Black. 284 Brass Box for receiving hot bolt : used as a smoothing iron ; from Alford, Aberdeenshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 285 Large Iron Single-sheathed Goffering Iron, on triple stand. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 286 Smoothing Iron, for the crowns of egg-doup mutches. Lent by John Tully. 287 Double Goffering Iron, on brass turned pillar and orna- mented hollow iron base. Lent by J. M'D. Black. 288 Small Flat Iron (in use about 1850). Lent by Mrs. G. M. Pratt. 289 Single-sheathed Goffering Iron, of brass and steel, on ornamented iron base. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 290 Very old Tailor's Iron, or Goose; plain handle. Lent by Elgin Museum. EAST GALLERY 585 291 Single Iron Goffering Iron, on hollow oblong moulded base. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 292 Nest of four Candlemoulds in tin. Lent by W. Irvine Fortescue. 293 Iron Bolt, Avith wooden handle. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 294 Goffering Iron on S-shaped pillar with hollow circular stepped iron base ; heater attached. Lent by Eraser Campbell. 295 Very Small Brass Goffering Iron, on S-shaped iron pillar and ornamented base. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 296 Small Brass Goffering Iron, on triple stand. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 297 Long Narrow Box. Iron, with wooden handle and iron bolt. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 298 Steel Goffering Iron on S-shaped iron pillar and circular moulded iron box ; with heater. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 299 Long Narrow Box Iron, with wooden handle, and iron bolt. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 300 Small Goffering Iron on S-shaped pillar and circular ornamented iron base. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 301 Brass Goffering Iron on turned brass pillar and triangular ornamented base with three ball feet. Lent by Miss MacNee. 302 Small Goffering Iron on S-shaped pillar and circular orna- mented iron base ; with bolt. Lent by Mrs. G. M. Pratt. 303 Single-sheathed Goffering Iron, with heater. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 304 Iron Heating Bolt, with twisted stem. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 305 Brass Cannel-Kist, which belonged to the Stewarts of Coltness. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. 306 Nest of six tin Candlemoulds, with wick. Lent by Mrs. Donald. 307 Iron Combined Tray for lamp and candlestick, prior to 1793 ; from Aberdeenshire. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 308 Brass Socket for Candlestick. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 586 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 309 Iron Fleeujsh. Lent by M. M. Miller. 310 Iron Fleerish. Lent by 311 Tin Tinder Box, with steel flint and tinder inside. The lid also acts as a candlestick. Lent by Alf. W. Cox. 312 Brass Taperstick. Lent by Miss Macfarlane. 313 Iron Peerman. Lent by Alf. W. Cox. 314 Inlaid Wooden Taperstick. Lent by Miss Macfarlane. 315 One Pair Brass Tapersticks. Lent by Miss Macfarlane. 316 Four Tin Single Candlesticks on long spike. Lent by Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. 317 Tin Tinder Box, with flint and steel inside. The lid may be used as a candlestick. Lent by Rev. J. Robertson Cameron. 318 Six Iron Fleerishes. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 319 Brass Taperholder. Lent by Mrs. Ewing. 320 Brass Pistol Strike-a-Light, with wooden handle. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 321 Large Iron Fleerish. Lent by J. Downes. 322 Clach Theine (flint and steel). Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 323 Flint and Touch Paper. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 324 Case of Six Fleerishes, from Kirkcudbright, Wigtownshire and Aberdeenshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 325 Fleerish. Lent by 326 Piece of unrefined Paraffin from the Isle of Lewis. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 327 Iron Pistol Strike-a-Light, with wooden butt. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 328 Two Iron Fleerishes. Lent by EAST GALLERY 587 329 Bras^ Taperholdeh. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 330 Three Fleerishes. Lent by 331 Five Fleerishes. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 332 Very Old Tinder Box. Lent by The Marquis of Bute. 333 Pair Pewter Tapersticks. Lent by Prof. L. R. Sutherland. 334 Primitive Movable Candlestick of iron, on tripod. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 335 Fleerish, with hook. Lent by Captain John Hope. 336 Fleerish. Lent by 337 Brass Candlestick, with curved handle. Lent by Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 338 Brass Taperstick. Lent by Prof. L. R. Sutherland. 339 Two Fleerishes. Lent by 340 Combined Tinder Box and Candlestick, in iron, with flint, fleerish, and phosphorus bottle : found in Aberdeenshire. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 341 Triple Candlemould of tin. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 342 Double Tin Candlemould. Lent by F. C. Inglis. 343 Triple Tin Candlemould. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 344 Single Tin Candlemoui^d. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 345 Square Iron Candlestick and Save-all, with spike. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 346 Brass Candlestick, with curved handle. Lent by Dunfermline Carnegie Trust. 347 Tin Tinder Box, with flint, tinder and steel, from Yarrow, Selkirkshire. Lent by Tom Scott. 348 Heart-shaped Oil liAMP, in iron ; found in Aberdeenshire. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 588 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 349 Brass Tinder Box with Candlestick. Lent by Rev. J. Robertson Cameron. 350 Bundle of Rush Piths. Lent by 351 Triangular Iron Candlestick and Save-all, with spike handle. Lent by Paisley Museum. 352 A Bundle of Cruisie Wicks, from Aberdeenshire (in box). Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 353 A small Box, containing the pith of the soft rush: Juncus Communis. L. Lent by Corporation of Glasgow. 354 Circular. Iron Candlestick and Save-all. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. Bushes. The use of rushes as a means of illumination was common in Scotland till the introduction of gas in 1802. The common soft rush (Juncus effusus) was employed : it is found in moist pastures, by the sides of streams, and under hedges. Failing it another rush (J uncus communis) and the bulrush (Scirpus lacustris) were utilised for this purpose. Rushes are in condition in the height of summer : the largest and longest are best. As soon as they are cut, they should be flung into water and kept there : other- wise they will dry and shrink, and the peel will not run. This peel or rind is removed, except one regular narrow even rib from top to bottom, which is left that it may support the pith. The cores obtained are laid out on the grass to be bleached, and take the dew for some nights, and afterwards they are dried in the sun. Finally, they are dipped in scalding fat till thoroughly saturated : "when cool they are ready for use. They give a clear light. Gilbert White found that a good rush, which measured in length two feet four inches and a half, burnt only three minutes short of an hour : a rush of greater length, was found to burn one hour and a quarter. Further, he found that a pound of dry rushes numbered about one thousand six hundred individuals -. and that on an average five and a half hours of comfortable light could be obtained at the cost of one farthing. A pound and a half of rushes would serve a family all the year round. Rushes prepared in this fashion were too long and not rigid enough to stand in a socket : they had therefore to be supported by a special contrivance when burning. The first rush-holder was made by splitting a stick, and placing the rush diagonally within the cleft. But the stick if dry, took fire when the flame reached it : and a contrivance on the same principle was made in iron. The most common kind of rush-holder consists of a pair of nippers supported on a stand. The rush^ is placed in the jaws of the nippers, and kept in position EAST GALLERY 589 either by a spring, or a bent lever and weight. For stability the lower end of the nippers may be inserted in a weighty block of wood : or horizontally into the wall. Rush-holders generally have a socket at the end of the bent lever in which a candle may be placed : this assists, by its weight, in keeping the burning rush steady in the jaws of the nippers, and, when lighted, adds to the illumination of the apartment. Another form of rushlight was a tallow candle with the pith of a rush in the middle of it instead of a cotton wick. These were made by successive dippings in tallow. A rib of peel was left on each side of the pith, the object being to retard combustion. The light obtained from these latter rushlights was dismal — dark- ness visible." W. G. 355 Double Tin Tinder Box, with steel. Lent by Mrs. M. M. Urquhart. 356 Parcel of Rushes. Lent by Corporation gi- Glasgow. 357 Pair Tin Pew Candlesticks, from Rothesay Old Parish Church. Lent by Rev. J. King Hewison, D.D. 358 Iron Tinder Box, painted yellow, with flint, steel and spunks tipped with sulphur. Lent by Arbroath Museum. 359 Iron Beacon, for holding burning fir-knots. ]jent by University of Aberdeen. 360 Brass Lamp, with hinged concave sides. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 361 Double Tin Candlestick. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 362 Small-sized Tin Double Candlemould. Lent by 363 Single Tin Candlemould. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 364 Brass Hot-Water Bottle (18th century). Lent by Miss Lunam. 365 Cruisie Stand, with extending rod, in iron, having a leaden base. Originally the property of an uncle of Robert Burns, the poet ; from Boghead, Kintore, Aberdeenshire. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 366 Early Gas Meter. Lent by James M'Dougall. 367 Double Brass Goffering Iron, with highly ornamented hollow base. Lent by J. M'D. Black. 590 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 368 Fir Gully, with iron blade and wooden handle. Found at Cults, Aberdeenshire. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 369 Small Single Tin Candlemould. Lent by Mrs. Ewing. 370 Large Fir Gully, in iron, with handle in wood, found at Tarmore, Ballindalloch, Glen Avon, Banffshire. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 371 Peerman, with wooden stem and crossed base, rudely carved, (17th century work.) Lent by Arbuthnot Museum, Peterhead. 372 Two-storied Goffering Iron, on turned stem and highly ornamented base. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 373 Fir Gully, in iron, with handle in wood, found in Aber- deenshire. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 374 Movable Circular Oil Lamp on upright iron stand ; found at Kintore, Aberdeenshire. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 375 Pewter Single Candlemould and Wick, period 1775 a.d. Lent by David Campbell. 376 Single Brass and Iron Goffering Iron, on triple brass stand. Lent by Mrs. Jas. Hamilton. 377 Fir Cleaver, in iron ; found at Aberdeen. Lent by University of Aberdeen, 378 Triple-storied Iron Goffering Iron. Lent by J. M'D. Black. 379 Double Iron Goffering Iron, with ornamented base. Lent by J. M'D. Black. 380 Peerman, in iron, and stem and rough base with three feet in wood. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 381 Single Pewter Candlemould. Lent by Miss Currie. 382 Peerman and Candleholder, in iron, inserted into wooden base ; found at Pennan, Banffshire. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 383 Tin " Cannel-Kist " (period 1775), with lugs and wire by which to suspend it. Lent by David Campbell. 884 Double Iron Goffering Iron, on ornamented hexagonal base. Lent by Miss MacNee. EAST GALLERY 591 385 Small Single Tin Canulemould. • Lent by Mrs. Ewing. 386 Large Spinning Candlestick or "Carle," on wooden standard, with ratchet. Lent by Miss Story. 387 Tin Cannel-Kist. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 388 Iron Hook, for suspending pot over fire. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 389 Slabhraiuh, or Iron Crook, used for suspending cooking vessels. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 390 Iron Hook, for suspending cooking vessels. Lent by A. M'Dowall 391 Iron Hook, for suspending cooking vessels. Lent by A. M'Dowall. 394 Iron Hook, for suspending cooking vessels. Lent by A. M'Dowall. 395 Two Masonic 4-light Candelabra of brass, on fluted ma- 396 hogany pillars. Lent by Biggar Operative Lodge of Freemasons. ON EAST WALL. 397- Five Japanned Trays. 401 Three lent by Mrs. Oliver. Two lent by J. H. M'Cloy. BAKING AND BREWING. WALL CASE 4. In Scotland there tvas alvvajs scarcity of food, and, not in- frequently, actual famine. Cattle browsed on the natural grass, which was rank and coarse, and grew in hollows. Hay, artificial grasses, potatoes, and turnips were unknown. When the latter were introduced, they were thought to be so great a delicacy that they were served at dinner as dessert. The cattle were thin and poor, and were driven periodically out of the country by w^ay of " trysts," as at Falkirk or Crieff", where they were sold to the Yorkshire graziers at from £l to £2 a head, for fattening on the rich English meadows. Sheep were of a diminutive breed, stunted from lack of nourishment, and with fleeces so thin and poor that they were more like goat's hair than anything else. Beef and mutton were rarities, and seldom to be had unless when a cow or sheep died from natural causes. No butcher's shop existed in any country town, and when a calf or sheep was to be killed, proclamation of the fact was made by 592 DOMESTIC ARTICLES the bellman. Oats, barley, and pease were the crops raised in the field, and bread, as scones or cakes, was made of these materials. What is now called a loaf was hardly known. Wheat was scarce and very dear, and wh eaten bread appeared only at the tables of the great. Bannocks and cakes of oatmeal were made of dough, mixed in hollowed stones, and baked on fiat stones laid among the hot ashes below the pot. Later on, when girdles were used, bread-spades of wood or iron were made to turn the bannocks on the hot girdle ; and tonsters for thoroughly drying and crisping the thin farls before the fire were a still later invention. Oatmeal, knockit bere, and greens, formed the basis of the household diet ; and milk, porridge, cakes, kail, and brose, were the kinds of food on which the nation subsisted. Home-brewed ale was the beverage of the people ; it was both good and inexpensive. The gentry drank claret. Whisky was unknown, except in the remote Highlands, and even there its use was only occasional. It became popular only after 1750, by which time tea was appearing on the scene. It was the misfortune of Burns that he was born at a period which coincided with the introduction of a new and more intoxicating form of alcohol to the Lowlands of Scotland. Two mixing stanes are shown in this case ; and bannock stanes, girdles, bread-spades, and toasters. When increased taxation killed the brewing of ale at home, the illicit distilling of whisky became a profitable enterprise, and was largely practised in the Highlands. In the Lowlands, too ofteu the Government was outwitted by the systematic importation of French brandy by smuggling. Attention may be directed to a beautifully-painted Mauchline bookboard, representing the interior of a Highland illicit distillery, in No. 43, Wall Case 5. W. G. 1 Flesh Fork from Westhall. 1590. Lent by Hawick Museum. 2 Iron Bread- Spade, with diamond-shaped perforation. Lent by J. Graham Callender. 3 Yery old Iron Tongs, with curious joint. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 4 Old Iron Peat Tongs. Lent by Alan Inglis. 5 Steel Beef Fork. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 6 Primitive Steel Fork with twisted and flattened stem ending in a hook. Lent by Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 7 Primitive Small Steel Spade-like Spoon with twisted stem and hook. Lent by Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 8 Iron Girdle, used for oatcakes. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. EAST GALLERY 593 9 Iron Toaster. Lent by Jas, A. Morier, 10 Wrought-iron Cake Toaster. Lent by Miss Christie. 11 Wrought-steel Stand for an iron. Lent by Jas. A. Morier. 12 Wrought-iron Girdle. Lent by A. G. Heiton. 13 BuLAs, or pot-hook. The name is Gaelic, and has passed into Lowland Scots as " bools." The " bools " of a pot is the two crooked instruments of iron linked together to form one implement, which is used for lifting a pot by the ears from a lire. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 14 Old Wood and Iron Coffee Mill. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 15 Spiked Double Hook on joint and ring for suspending pots. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 16 Soldier's Iron Three-pronged Fork, left in a Banffshire farm- house after Culloden. Lent by Bev. J. B. Gumming. 17 Iron Bread-Spade ; no perforation. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 18 Large Iron Two-pronged Fork, with partially flattened stem. Lent by Hawick Museum. 19 Wrought-iron Toaster. Lent by Jas. A. Morier. 20 Wooden Lock. Lent by the Duke of Sutherland. 21 Eighteenth century wrought-iron Toaster, with initials w. b. of W, Bilsland, Badshalloch Farm, Kilmaronock, Dumbarton- shire. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 22 Bulas or pot-hook. Lent by 23 Wrought-iron Toaster, ornamented with brass. Lent by John B. Verel. 24 Very large wrought-iron Toaster, with thistle design. Lent by John Allan. 25 Perforated brass Stand for iron. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 26 Iron serpentine Pot- rest. Lent by Jas. A. Morier. 594 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 27 A peat Fanner in iron and brass. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 28 Iron dongb Scraper, with twisted handle. Lent by Hawick Museum. 29 Old Bellows, from the late Earl of Glasgow's house at Hawkhead. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 30 Peat Fanner in mahogany and brass. Lent by John A. Holms. 31 Iron PoT-REST of two straight bars. Lent by Jas. A. Morier. 32 Iron peat Fanner. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 33 Heart-shaped iron Stand for holding smoothing-iron. Lent by James A. Morris. 34 Spring Balance. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 35 Spring Balance. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 36 Old Weighing Arm, used by butchers in their carts in the Highlands. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 37 Bismar or Bismer. See Note to No. 2, Spinning and Weaving Section. Lent by Duns Working-Men's Institute. 38 Primitive Scales, with iron arm and wooden pans. Lent by John Allan. 39 Steelyard, from Black Isle, Ross-shire. Lent by Inverness Museum. 40 Old iron Coffee Mill. Lent by William Chapman. 41 Light Coal Iron. Lent by And. W. Hope. 42 Iron Ladle found at Portpatrick. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 43 Two-pronged Iron Fork. Lent by Hawick Museum. 44 Wooden Bread-Spade. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 45 Old Iron Tongs. Lent by Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. EAST GALLERY 595 46 Three-pronged Iron Fork. Lent by Hawick Museum. 47 Perforated Iron Bread-Spade. Lent by J. Graham Callender. 48 Pair Brass Ember Tongs. Lent by E, W. Gaskell. 49 Filter of stone in wooden framework. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 50 Baking Stone (or Bannock Stane), with semicircular radiating lines. Lent by Albert Institute, Dundee. 51 Bannock Stane (with cross). Lent by Montrose Museum. 52 Bannock Stane, with moulded edge. Lent by Albert Institute, Dundee. 53 Iron Ladle, with large bowl. Lent by Alan Inglis. 54 Brass Toaster. Lent by Professor L. E. Sutherland. 55 Stone Trough or baking basin. In this meal and water were mixed to form d ugh. Lent by Albert Institute, Dundee. 56 Bannock Stane. Lent by Montrose Museum. 57 Heart shaped Bannock Stane. Lent by Albert Institute, Dundee. 58 Smuggler's Wooden Keg. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 59 Steel Tongs, with old hinge. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 60 Smuggler's Old Pot Still found in a bog in Sutheriandshire. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 61 Small Illicit Whisky Still, from Highlands. Lent by T. W. Dewar. 62 Old Water Tub of whisky still, with copper worm. Lent by Montrose Museum. 63 Froth Stick, for whisking cream. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 64 Two Wooden Fillers. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 65 Iron Kail Pot, left behind at Culloden by Highlanders in 1745. Lent by W. K. Macdonald. 596 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 66 Large Wooden Lock. Lent by Albert Institute, Dundee. 67 Wat of Hard en's Porridge Pot. Lent by Hawick Museum. 68 Copper Kettle, without lid, being part of whisky still. Lent by Montrose Museum. 69-70 Copper Parts of a whisky still, found in a peat bog in the Island of Arran. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 71 Smuggler's Flask in iron. Holds half a gallon. Found at Kinaldie, Aberdeenshire, Lent by University of Aberdeen. 72 Circular Wrought-iron Brander, with handle. Lent by A. G. Hetton. WALL CASE 5. DRINKING VESSELS. Till 1750 the popular beverage was ale, or " twopenny." It was made, in every farm, manse, and mansion, and drunk in every dining-room and change-house. In 1726 Parliament enforced a tax of 6d. on every bushel of malt. This interference with their favourite liquor roused the people to rebellion, and in Glasgow the mansion of Campbell of Shawfield, the local member of Parliament, was sacked by the infuriated mob. The house stood at the Argyle Street end of what is now Glassford Street. Though the malt tax was afterwards reduced to 3d. a bushel, the brewing of ale at home rapidly declined ; and from then may be dated the growth of the habit of whisky-drinking among Scotsmen, a habit, before that date, wliich did not exist. "Smuggling was chiefly in spirits and came in after the malt tax was imposed. From Holland, France, and Spain luggers brought contraband cargoes of wine, brandy, cambric, and tea. Along the quiet bays of the Solway, into caves under the rocky cliff's of Forfarshire, to remote lochs in Ross-shire, to the open shores of Fife and Ayr, came the smugglers' boats with confidence and impunity. Every class was interested in a traffic in which all had share, and by which all reaped a rich profit. Even lairds and justices of the peace were involved in it, the church shut her eyes to it, and the excisemen were often at fault. As soon as the lugger was signalled, everyone forsook their calling, and even the women and children prepared to help in the unloading. The sympathies of the people were with the "free- traders," and they opposed all their art and ingenuity to baffle the officers of the excise, who could seldom carry off a captured cargo unless aided by a detachment of soldiers from the nearest garrison" (Graham, ii. pp. 261-262). W. G. 1 Water Jug. Used by Alexander Wylie, Deacon of the Incor- poration of Weavers in Glasgow, in 1795. Lent by David Campbell. EAST GALLERY 697 2 Toby Jug. Lent by J. A. MacLaren. 3 Old Jug. Blue transfer—" Old Glasgow." Lent by J. A. MacLaren. 4 " Bellarmine." Used by the Protestants in Holland. The design in ridicule of their great opponent, Cardinal Be liar mine. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. Bellarmine jugs are also known as long-beards or grey-beards, and are mediaeval in origin. The material of which they are made is a greyish stoneware, covered with a mottled brown glaze. The belly is rotund. The neck is narrow and is ornamented in front with a Silenus-like mask, from which the vessel receives the name by which it is known. The grotesque face varies a good deal in execution. Sometimes the resemblance is hardly human ; at other times the featui'es present a grave and dignified aspect. At the back of the neck of the jug theie is a loop- handle. Cardinal Bellarmine, from whom these vessels take one of their names, was born in 1542, and died in 1621. He was an able man, and was involved in tlieological disputes with King James VI. He is described as being very short of stature and somewhat hard featured. W. G. 5 Large Bellarmine Jug. Lent by Mrs. Young. 6 Large Stone Jar. Lent by Mrs. Young. 7 Mottled Grey-beard or Bellarmine, supported by and attached to a silver wine slide. Though this is a small example, it is a very fine one. The face is particularly striking. On the front of the jug is a coat of arms. Round the head is a silver band, with the following inscription on it: "This was dug from the foundation of a house in Stockwell Street, Glasgow, in the year 1823, by Mr. Jas. Lawrie, Builder. Supposed to have lain there upwards of 200 years." Lent by University of Glasgow. 8 Pewter Wine Flagon. Found in a peat-bog. Lent by Arbuthnot Museum, Peterhead. 9 Earthenware Jug, lustred. Lent by J, A. MacLaren. 10 Old China Jug. Lent by J. A. MacLaren. 11 Masonic Earthenware Whisky Bottle. Mason's mell shape. Lent by Elgin Public Library. 12 Papier-mache Cruet Stand and Bottles. Lent by John Allan, 598 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 13 Copper Kettle. Lent by John Allan. 14 Iron Mashing-Pot, with hinged lid. (An early and interesting example.) Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 15 Loaf- Sugar Breaker. Lent by Miss Christie. 16 Cat for holding hot toast dish. Lent by Miss Christie. 17 Loaf-Sugar Breaker. Lent by Captain John Hope. 18 Line Engraving of convivial scene. " Tarn o' Shanter." Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 19 Sliding Steel Bread Toaster. Leut by Professor L. R. Sutherland. 20 Punch Bowl. Oriental china. Used by Alex. Wylie, Deacon of the Incorporation of Weavers in Glasgow, 1795. Lent by David Campbell. 21 Old Brass Milk Skimmer. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 22 Presentation Punch Bowl. Lent by Delvine Curling Club. 23 Two Wooden Punch Strainers. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 24 Old Culross Girdle. Lent by Carnegie Dumfermline Trust. Culross — a royal burgh — is now a decayed town, but in old times it possessed considerable shipping and a trade by sea, chiefly in coal and salt. This has now entirely disappeared, and the town is rich only in profitless recollections. In virtue of grants from James VI. and Charles II., it had the exclusive privilege of making the girdles used in Scotland for baking purposes. These were thin circular plates of iron, often with an iron handle as part of the apparatus (No. 57). This projected from one side. Sometimes a ring took its place (No. 24). The name "Cu'ross girdle" is proverbial. 25 Leathern Bottle, or large " Black Jack," with leather strap. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 26 Hexagonal Dark Green Glass Bottle. Lent by Alexander Blair. 27 Dark Green Glass Bottle, called a mason's raell, to hold half a gallon. End of 18th century. Lent by Harvie Anderson. 28 Small Light Green Glass Bottle. Lent by Alexander Blair. EAST GALLERY 599 29 Old Blown-Glass Bottle. Lent by Miss Jane T. Irvine. 30 Drinking Glass, from Douglas parish. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 31 Pair of Wooden Bottles, built with staves and hooped. Lent by Miss Clinkskill. 32 Stoneware Jar. Lent by James A. Morris. 33 Pentagonal Jug, which belonged to Keith, last Earl Marischal, from Inverness Castle. Lent by the Arbuthnot Museum, Peterhead. 34 Large Stoneware Jar. Lent by James A. Morris, 35 Small Black Glazed Earthenware Jar. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. 36 Stoneware Jar. Lent by James A. Morris. 37 Small Green Glass Bottle. Lent by John Allan. 38 Old Black Whisky Bottle, with label " Blue Clout." Lent by James M'D. Black. 39 Deceptive Dram Glass. Lent by Mrs. Ewing. 40 Green Glass Bottle, with ornamented surface. Lent by John Allan. 41 Large Glass Bottle, date 1736. Lent by John Allan. 42 Ancient Leathern Bottle, or small " Black Jack." Lent by John Allan. 43 Mauchliiie Book-board, with a picture of a Highland illicit still. Lent by W. & A. Smith, 44 Brass Chestnut Toaster. Lent by Mrs, Young. 45 Small Copper Measure. Lent by 46 Set of Five Copper and Brass "Thistle" Measures." ^ gill to 2 gills. Lent by R. Robinson. 47 Copper Vessel for Mulling Wine. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. 48 Horn Jug from the " Auld Kirk of Rothes," Morayshire. Lent by Elgin and Morayshire Literary Association. 600 DOMESTIC AUTICLES 49 Drinking Cup of Leather, one quart in capacity, lined and tipped with silver. Lent by Sir Alan Seton-Steuart, Bart. 50 Curious old Silver-mounted " Black Jack," or Leathern Ale Jug, tipped with silver. Lent by George A. Bishop. 51 Drinking Cup of Leather, lined and tipped with silver ; capacity, one pint. Lent by Sir Alan Seton-Steuart, Bart. 52 Iron Girdle Spade. Three small heart-shaped perforations in blade. Lent by BAKING UTENSILS. 53 A Girdle Spade, with solid blade. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 54 A Girdle Spade ; heart-shaped perforation. Lent by Francis Caird Inglis. 55 A small Girdle Spade. Lent by Francis Caird Inglis. 56 A Large Girdle Spade. Heart-shaped perforation. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw, 57 A Culross Girdle (a fine example). Lent by Society of Natural Science and Archaeo- logy, Alloa. 58 One Large Girdle Spade, with heart shaped perforation, and one small one. Lent by J. Graham Callender. 59 A Girdle Spade, heart-shaped perforation. Lent by "Wm. Chapman. 60 Old Bannock Girdle. Lent by James Buchanan. 61 A Bannock Girdle, Shape, and Spade. Lent by Miss Mary Wallace. 62 Wrought-iron Girdle. Lent by Wm. Kelly. 63 Brander. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 64 Brander. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. EAST GALLERY 601 65 A Girdle Spade. Heart-shaped perforation. Lent by T. W. Dewar. 66 Girdle Spade. Heart-shaped perforation. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 67 Salamander. From Cavers House. Lent by Hawick Museum. A Salamander is a metal plate with a handle, used for browning meats, pastry, etc. When made red hot it was passed over and near their surfaces. 68 Bread or Cake Toaster. Lent by Jas. A. Morris. 69 Perforated Brass " Footman," with steel toasting fork. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 70 Set of "Gauger Beads" in wooden case, with table of specific gravities. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 71 A similar Set of Specific Gravity Beads. Lent by Dr. Gillies. 72 Another Set. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 73 Wooden Bread Toaster. Lent by A. Henderson-Bishop. 74 Mahogany Box, with 13 shaped and ornamented bottles. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 75 Loaf Sugar Cutter. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 76 Wrought-iron Ornamental Oat-Cake Toaster. Lent by James Buchanan. 77 Girdle Spade. Lent by J. Graham Callender. 78 Girdle Spade. Heart-shaped perforation. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 79 Girdle Spade. Oval perforation. Lent by J. Graham Callender. 80 Convivial Scene. Line Engraving of Burns and Nance Tinnoch. Lent by Alexander Blair. DOMESTIC TABLE UTENSILS. The early word for wooden utensils was trene or trein. It is from the A.S. treowen, and was used by English writers so late as the time of Camden. " Sir Thomas Rokesby being controlled for first suffering himselfe to be serued in treene cuppes, answered, These DOMESTIC ARTICLES homely cups and dishes pay truely for that they containe : I had rather drink out of treene and pay gold and silver, than drink out of gold and silver, and make wooden payment." " Remains/' p. 354. ''Ane treene truncheour, ane ramehorne spone." Bannatyne's "Poems," p. 160. Various forms of wooden vessels were in common domestic use in Scotland. These were cogs, caups, bickers, and luggies. The cog was a comparatively large wooden bowl from which porridge or kail was supped in common. The cog, with its contents, was placed in the centre, and the various members of the family sat round on stools. They were joined by the men and women who worked on the farm, and who lived with the family. Each had his or her own horn spoon to sup with, which the men kept fastened by their side, or in their bonnets. In the case of porridge — which was made very thick — each spooned a pit for himself in the common cogful till the dividing walls ended by breaking down. This simple and homely fashion left its impress on the literature of the country, and on its proverbs. Thus "Help is gude at a' thing, except at the cog," and " Scart the cog, would hae mair, ' are still remembered, though the cog is no longer in use. Fingers and teeth did duty for knife and fork on the rare occasions when beef or mutton was in the cogful — the meat being cut in pieces by the farmer him- self. Till after 1750, knives and forks formed no part in a house "plenishing," and in 1754 not three farmers had half a dozen knives and forks among them. Cogs were also used to hold the household ale. " How drink gaed round, in cogs and caups." Burns: " The Holy Fair." "In cog or bicker." Burns: "Scotch Drink." The bicker was a vessel smaller than a cog but not so small as a quaich. From the cog, ale was poured into the smaller bicker for drinking. "My bicker is fu' and skailing " is a Scottish rendering of " My cup overflows." "Now settled gossies sat, and keen Did for fresh bickers birle." "Christ's Kirk on the Green." The ale-caup was a wooden mug about the size of a half- pint pot. Maggie Johnston, who died in 1711, sold ale by the Scots pint — which was equal to two quarts English — for twopence. It was spoken of by Allan Ramsay as her " braw tippeny." His description of a change-house is graphic. " It did ane good to see her stools, Her board, fire-side, and facing tools : Rax, chandlers, tangs, and fire-shools, Basket wi' bread." A. Ramsay: "Elegy on Lucky Wood." EAST GALLERY 603 The " facing tools" referred to were the stoupes and cups used by the Facers. These were a club of drinkers, who would rather spend a shilling on ale than two pence on meat . their rule was, after drinking, to throw all they left in the cup in their own faces. Wherefore, to save their faces and clothes, they prudently sucked the liquor clean out. Note on A. Ramsay's "Poems." The luggie was a porringer or wooden vessel, with one upright lug or ear, " Auld Scotland wants nae skinking ware That jaups in luggies." Burns: " i'o a Haggis." " In order, on the clean hearth-stane The luggies three are ranged." Burns : " Halloween." FOOD. " Souple Scones." (Burns: "Scotch Drink," Stanza iv.) They were very thin, pliable cakes of barley meal, long a favourite bread of the Scottish peasantry. Kale = greens. The cole wort or green kail was for long the chief vegetable of Scotland. The "kail-yard" was the cottar's garden: and "kale" became the synonym for " Scotch broth," of which barley also was an important ingredient. Till the middle of the 18th century, the diet of farmers and servants alike was as follows: — Breakfast. Oatmeal porridge with milk or ale ; broth made of cabbage left overnight : oaten bannock. Dinner. Sowens, with milk and oatcake, or kale. Supper. Kale with oatcakes. At seven o'clock in winter, at nine in summer. Tea was unknown till after 1750. W. G. COGUES. WOODEN PLATTERS, SPOONS, ETC. WALL CASE 6. 1 Wooden Gingerbread Mould. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 2 Copper Water Vessel, found at Lochmaben Castle. Lent by Mrs. Barr. 3 Plate, from dinner service of the steamer "Forfarshire." Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 4 Corner Table Dish, with view of Glasgow Cathedral showing N.W. Tower. Lent by Dr. Hugh A. M'Lean. 604 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 5 Brown glazed Octagonal Dish, with conventional pattern of leaves and flowers. Stamped "Scott Brothers." Lent by T. W. Dewar. 6 Three Wine Slides, in papier mache. Lent by J. M'D. Black. 7 Copper Kettle, dated 1780. Lent by Miss Pearson. 8 Brass Dumpling Ladle, with long iron handle. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 9 Papier Mache Tray, with painted hunting scene. Lent by Mrs. Hamilton. 10 Old Papier Mache Tray, inlaid with mother of pearl, and painted. Lent by Mrs. Jas. Hamilton. 11 Large Brass Ladle. Lent by Henry Hamilton. 12 Ploe Buntata or Potato Beater or Masher, from Strath- fleet, Sutherland. Lent by the Inverness Museum. 13 Extra large Horn Spoon. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 14 Treen Ladle or old Wooden Ladle. Lent by the Albert Institute, Dundee. 15 Six Spice Boxes, in one column. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 16 Double Rosewood Tea Caddy, lined tin foil. Lent by Professor L. R. Sutherland. 17 Mauchline Tea Caddy, two compartments, lined tin foil. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 18 Two Wine Slides, with rolled paper decoration. Date 1790. Lent by Mrs. Oliver. 19 Hexagonal Tea Caddy, rolled paper decorations. Initials M. M'D. Date about 1780. Lent by Miss M'Farlane. 20 Walnut Tea Caddy, shape of sideboard. Lent by Miss Middleton. 21 Professor Veitch's Pirley Pig, used when he was a boy, (sometimes called a " Penny Pig.") Lent by the Peebles Museum. 22 Hexagonal Tea Caddy, with curled paper ornament. Initials M. D., 1800: (Margaret Drybrough). Lent by Mrs. Edavards. EAST GALLERY 605 23 Oval Tea Caddy, curled paper decorations. Lent by the Albert Institute, Dundee. 24 Tortoise Shell Tea Caddy, with domed lid and initials R. A. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 25 Satin wood Tea Caddy. Lent by Miss Middleton. 26 Large Treen Ladle (Treeladle) or Wooden Ladle. Lent by J. J. W. Lamb. 27 Large Wooden Spoon, for skimming milk. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 28 Potato Beater or Beetle. Lent by Miss M. Gordon Manners. 29 Spoon Box. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 30 Eight Horn Spoons, various sizes, from Kilmaurs. Lent by D. M 'Naught. 31 Broth Ladle, of wood or treen. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 32 Spice or Pepper Mill. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. 33 Spice or Pepper Mill. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. 34 Ancient Horn Drinking Cup. Lent by Mrs. Carmichael. 35 Ancient Horn Drinking Cup. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw\ 36 Large Horn Tumbler. Lent by William Adam. 37 Turned Cup, made of thorn tree, from Dunfermline Church- yard. Lent by Alexander Blair. 38 Brose Caup, from Drum ; hollowed from a single piece of wood ; two handled. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 39 Wooden Caup, hollowed from single piece of wood, two- handled. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 40 Four-Handled Wooden Caup, hollowed from a single piece of wood. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 41 Old Scottish Table-Plan, with bills of fare. Lent by the Elgin Public Library. 606 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 42 Large Oak Bicker, made from a single piece of wood ; two- handled. Lent by the Biggae, Kirk Session. 43 Oak Caup. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. 44 Two-handed iQuaich, wooden. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. 45 Horn Drinking Vessel, lined silver. Lent by Mrs. Ewing. 46 Wooden Tumbler. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 47 Wooden Tumbler. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 48 Horn Tumbler. Lent by Mrs. Carmichael. 49 Horn Tumbler, engraved with country scenes. Lent by Rev. Theo. Johnson. 50 Pepper or Spice Mill. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 51 Pepper or Spice Mill. Lent by Rev. G. D. Barron. 52 Spoon Box. Lent by the Montrose Museum. 53 Wooden Egg Cup. Lent by William Adam. 54 Tumbler-Shaped Wooden Egg Cup. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 55 Tumbler-Shaped Wooden Egg Cup. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 56 Tumbler-Shaped Wooden Egg Cup. Lent by the Elgin Public Library. 57 Tumbler-Shaped Wooden Egg Cup. Lent by the Elgin Public Library. 58 Tumbler-Shaped Wooden Egg Cup, marked Alford. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 59 Pewter Egg Cup. Lent by William Adam. 60 Oval Wooden Egg Cup. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 61 Double Wooden Eaa Cup, marked Alford. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. EAST GALLERY 607 62 Double Wooden Egg Cup. Lent by Miss Mary Wallace. 63 Drinking Horn, ornamented with parallel rings and with whistle at lower end. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 64 Wooden Egg Cup. Lent by Alexander Grant. 65 Wooden Egg Cup. Lent by Alexander Grant. 66 Oval Wooden Egg Cup. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 67 AVooden Egg Cup. Lent by W^m. Chapman. 68 Drinking Horn, ornamented with parallel rings and with whistle at lower end. Lent by Alexander Blair. 69 Wooden Egg Cup, pierced and engraved. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 70 Wooden Egg Cup. 71 Wooden Egg Cup. 72 Wooden Egg Cup. 73 Wooden Egg Cup. 74 Wooden Egg Cup. 75 Wooden Egg Cup (double). 76 Wooden Egg Cup (double). 77 Wooden Egg Cup (double). 78 Brass Egg Cup. 79 Brass Egg Cup. Lent by AVm. Chapman. Lent by Wm. Chapman. Lent by Wm. Chapman. Lent by Wm. Chapman. Lent by Wm. Chapman. Lent by Wm. Chapman. Lent by Wm. Chapman. Lent by Wm. Chapman. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 80 Antique Wooden Bowl, found at Sauchie. Lent by the Arch^ological Society of Alloa. 608 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 81 Wooden Butter Dish, used by Prince Charlie at Newmill- on-Teviot, four miles from Hawick. Lent by the Hawick Museum. 82 Small Wooden Thencher, with grooved rings and T. M. S. O. engraved on it. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. "Clean trenchers, cutty spoons, knives and forks, sharp, burnished, and prompt for action." "Bride of Lammermoor," i. 306. 83 Small Wooden Trencher. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. 84 Wooden Cog. These were used till the middle of last century instead of earthenware dishes. The -name is from Cogan, Gaelic, a drinking vessel. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 85 A Bride's Coggie, from Orkney. The property of Miss Maria Steuart. Lent by A. Francis Steuart. 86 Large Wooden Caup. A caup or cap was a wooden bowl, which contained food, whether solid or fluid. " Meikle may fa' between the cap and the lip." Ramsay's Scot. Proverb, p. 53. Lent by James A. Morier. 87 Wooden Cog. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 88 Bread Trencher, said to be 200 years old. Lent by the Albert Institute, Dundee. 89 Butter Stamp. Lent by Wm, Chapman. 90 Small Butter Stamp. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 91 Sugar Basin, from Poosie Nancy's Inn at Mauchline. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 92-100 A series of small brass Drinking Cups on stems. These may be unscrewed for convenience in carrying. 92 and 93 W. K. Maedonald. 94 and 95 No mark. 96 James Macfarlane. 97 Rev. J. Robertson Cameron. -Lent by 98 Rev. J. Robertson Cameron. 99 James Macfarlane. 100 Rev. J. Robertson Cameron. 101 Scottish Bicker. Lent by the Arbroath Museum. EAST GALLERY 609 102 Scottish LuGGiE. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 103 Scottish Bicker, bound with copper. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 104 Scottish Bicker, bound with brass, marked N. T., 1784. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 105 Two Horn Spoons. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 106 Single Black Horn Spoon. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 107 Wooden Broth Ladle, with carved handle. Lent by Chas. E. Whitetaw. 108 Small Wooden Ladle. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 109 Kale (or Kail) Ladle. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 110 Very Old Horn Ladle. Lent by the Elgin and Morayshire Literary Association. 111 Wooden Ladle. Lent by the Provand's Lordship Club. 112 Large Wooden Ladle. Lent by J. J. AV. Lamb. 113 Wooden Meal Box. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 114 Old Hebridoan Milk Sieve. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 115 Wooden Platter, with mark K. on back. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 110 Large Wooden Platter. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. 117 Old Wooden Porridge Cog, cut out of solid block. Lent by Mrs. Park. 118 Shallow Wooden Basin. Lent by the Archaeological Society, Alloa. 119 Small Wooden Platter. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. 120 Wooden Trencher, from Perthshire. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 121 SowENS Sieve, very old, used in preparing the rough seeds of corn, for a food that was common a hundred years ago. Lent by Jas. Buchanan. U 610 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 122 Small Early Iron Ladle. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 123 Horn Spoon. 124 Small Horn Spoon, Lent by Lent by Wm. C. Cockburn. 125 Horn Spoon, curiously ornamented, 18th century. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 126 Ancient Horn Spoon. 127 Small Horn Spoon. 128 Small Horn Spoon. 129 Two Pewter Spoons. Lent by Wm. Chapman. Lent by Miss Miller. Lent by Miss Miller. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron, 130 A CuTAG; a short horn spoon for a child. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 131 Old Horn Porridge Divider 132 Old Wooden Spoon. 133 Horn Spoon. 134 Horn Spoon. 135 Horn Spoon. 136 Horn Spoon. 137 Horn Spoon. Lent by Miss Agnes Young. Lent by Lent by Wm. C. Cockburn. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. Lent by Lent by L. M'L. Mann. Lent by 138 Horn Spoon, for many years used at Meoul Farm, Stoney- Lent by L. M'L. Mann. kirk Parish. 139 Very Old Copper Spoon, engraved handle, stamped London. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 140 Brose Caup. 141 Wooden Caup, bound with copper. Lent by Mrs. Young. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. EAST GALLERY 611 142 Wooden Caup. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 143 Wooden Brose Caup. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 144 Wooden Cog, used for holding milk prior to stoneware dishes. Lent by Mrs. Gordon. 145 Wooden Caup, bound with wood. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 146 Wooden Brose Caup, bound with iron. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 147 Wooden Caup, bound Avith wood. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling 148 Wooden Basin, used for baking oatcakes. Lent by Jas. Buchanan. 149 Old Quaich or Bicker. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 150 Brose Caup, with horn cutty spoon. Lent by John Ord. 151 Wooden Mustard Grinder. Lent by W. Anstruther Gray. 152 Spice Mill. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 153 Spice Mill. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 154 Spice Mill. Lent by the Forres Museum. 155 Wooden Cheese or Bread Basket, having a silver plate upon which is engraved "Wood of Saint John's, Ayr, and Alloway Kirk, 1803." Lent by Dr. Alexander Munro. 156 Pepper or Spice Mill. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 157 Mustard Caup, cover and bullet. Lent by the Elgin Public Library. 158 Old Delf " Saut Bucket." Lent by Wm. Chapman. 159 Spice Mill. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 160 Mustard Caup, with ball. Lent by the Forres Museum. 612 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 161 A Wooden Oatcake Basket, on small castors, having a silver plate upon which is engraved "Wood of Saint John's, Ayr, and Alioway Kirk, 1803." Lent by Dr. Alexander Munro. 162 Wooden Pepper Mill. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 163 Oak Salad Bowl, made of the wood of part of the old Stock- well Bridge, Glasgow, built in 1345. Bowl bound with silver. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 164 Spice Mill. Lent by the Falconer Museum, Forres. 165 Wooden Mould for Horn Spoons. Lent by the Inverness Museum. 166 Wooden Mould for Horn Spoons. Lent by J. Graham Callender. WALL CASE 7. MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES OF DOMESTIC USE. 1 Lady's Tortoise Shell Comb. Lent by the Hawick Museum. 2 Lady's Tortoise Shell and Gilt-mounted Comb, with amethyst stones and drops. Lent by the Provand's Lordship Club. 3 Large Gilt Comb. Lent by Mrs. M'Cracken. 4 Small Antique Mirror. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 5 Small Oval Mirror, with china ornamented frame. Lent by John Reid. 6 Curling Tongs of iron. Lent by the Elgin Museum. 7 Small Wall Mirror. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 8 Tortoise Shell Comb. Lent by the Hawick Museum. 9 Tortoise Shell Comb, with iron teeth. Lent by John Tully. 10 Triangular Mirror. Lent by the Hawick Museum. 11 Old Mirror. Lent by Wm. Chapman. EAST GALLERY 613 12 Oval MiiiROR, in case. Lent by C. C. Scott. 13 Picture of a shopkeeper in Glasgow in the early part of the 19th century. The shop represented is now 38-40 Hutcheson Street. Lent by Robert Lauder. 14 Wooden Callipers. Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 15 Hand-made Nippers. Mrs. David Baxter, 16 Old Scissors. Lent by John Tully. 17 Ancient Square. Dated 1642. Lent by the Elgin Museum. 18 Wooden Callipers. Lent by Alex. Carmichael. 19 Old Wooden Cutting Gauge. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 20 Plane Stock. Dated 1692. W.G. Lent by the Arbuthnot Museum, Peterhead. 21 Hide Scraper. Lent by Wm. Chapaian. 22 Old Wooden Brace and Bit. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 23 Old Wooden Brace. Carved and Engraved J.W. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 24 Small Plane, without cutting iron. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 25 Mason's Iron. Lent by the University of Glasgow. 26 Old Cork Screw. Lent by the M'Lean Museum, Greenock. 27 St. Kilda Mail Boat. Lent by Wm. Go wans & Co. A message from St. Kilda was received by this apparatus in February, 1911. It was the first news from the lonely isle in the Atlantic, since the steamer called there in 1910. News was conveyed in the following manner : — Letters were placed in a tight-fitting tin box, which was laid in a hollow scooped out of the deck of a boat- shaped piece of wood. A sliding wooden shutter was then pulled over the receptacle, the boat fastened to a bladder, and the whole committed to the waves. These 614 DOMESTIC ARTICLES mail-boats often come ashore in Harris, but sometimes drift as far north as Shetland. In the present case, the bladder and boat were picked up at Vyiish, Grenitote, North Uist, by a fisherman, handed to the postmaster at Lochmaddy, who, in turn, forwarded the letter separately, and afterwards the boat and bladder. The passage of the letter from St. Kilda to Glasgow occupied the remarkably short period of six days. The letter from St. Kilda is dated 17th February, and reads: — "I was waiting a fair wind to despatch your mail buoy for a long time now, but weather was so fine that I would not chance it. She sails to-day at 1 p.m. with a fair wind to Harris. We are all well, and had a good winter. — Yours, &c., (Signed) " Neil Ferguson." Mr. Ferguson is postmaster of St. Kilda. The boat containing the letter was picked up at North Uist on the 20th Feb., having travelled the 60 miles of the Atlantic in about two and a half days, so that Mr. Ferguson's surmises proved wonderfully accurate. W. G. 28 Money Scale, in fiddle-shaped case. Avith ivory rod. Lent by the Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. 29 Penner or Ink Bottle and Leather Pen Case combined. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 30 Penner or Ink Bottle and Pen Case combined. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 31b Set "Napier Bones" or Ready Reckoner. Lent by John Robb. 31 Ink Bottle and Writing Materials, in case. Lent by Mrs. Ewing. 32 Brass Ink Bottle, in case. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 33 Sand Dredger, used before the introduction of blotting paper. Lent by the Elgin Public Library. 34 Ink Stand, with drawer for blotting sand. From Dunkeld ; probably early 18th century. Lent by A. Murray Gourlay. 35 Quill Cutter and case, for making quill pens. Lent by Wm. Adam. 36 Quill Cutter, for making quill pens. Lent by John Allan. 37 Sand Dredger, Black Ebony. Lent by Wm. C. Cockburn. 38 Two Small Stoneware Ink Bottles. Lent by EAST GALLERY 615 39 Old Guinea Weigher. Lent by Alan Inglis. 40 Sovereign Weigher. Lent by Alexander Blair. 41 Pair of Scales, made from a brass watch case. Lent by Mrs. Smith. 42 Blue Balmoral Bonnet. Lent by C. E. W^hitelaw. 43 Old Cloth Cap, with tassel on crown, {^his form of cap was in common use in the early part of the 19th century.) Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 44 Pair Old Hunting Boots ; heels sewn. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 45 Kilmarnock Bonnet, called, after the time of Burns, a " Tam o' Shanter.'' Lent by C. E. Whitelaav. " As a specimen of the change that has taken place within these twenty years with regard to dress, it may be worth mentioning that about eighteen or nineteen years ago, a hatter came from Edinburgh to settle in the village, and having arrived upon a Saturday, he attended public worship on Sunday. There, seeing only three hats in the vrliole church besides his own, he was so discouraged, that he stopped his scheme, and left the place on Monday. But were he now here he would hardly see a single bonnet in the whole congregation. The style of the women has kept pace with that of the men, and the style of living, in general, is proportionally altered." O.S.A. (1793), " Parish of Laurencekirk," v., p. 181.— W. G. 46 Wooden Hat. Lent by the University of Glasgow. 47 Three Photographs, showing the use of the spinning wheel. The two large ones are lent by ])r. AVilliam GEM:\rELL. The small one is lent by Mrs. MacCallum. 48 Saddler's Rubber, carved, with ivory tip. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 49 Saddler's Rubber, carved. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 50 Carved Knitting Sheath. Dated 1772. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 51 Knitting Pin, inlaid. Lent by C. E. AVhitelaw. 52 Small Spindle. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 616 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 53 Bundle of Dressed Flax or "lint." "By 1730, on every farm, minister's glebe, and near every laird's house, a parcel of ground was devoted to growing flax, and making yarn become an increasing occupation in every household and village." Graham, ii., 249. Lent by John Dunnett. 54 KiTTY-swEEBiE, with frame in wood and spindle in iron. Used in winding yarn. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 55 Stone Whorl, for use with a spindle. Lent by 56 Wooden Whorl. Lent by 57 Two Clues of Lint. "Lint" is the name applied in Scot- land to flax, the product of any plant of the genus TAnum. Lent by John Dunnett. 58 Spindle. Lent by 59 Spindle. Lent by 60 Spindle and two Whorls. Lent by J. T. Johnstone. 61 Spindle and Whorls. Lent by the Banff Museum. 62 Spindle. „ ^ Lent by Wm. Gowans & Co. 63 Four Wooden Bobbins, used in weaving. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. 64 Rubber of wood. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 65 Lint or Flax, grown in Banffshire over 100 years ago. Lent by Wm. Adam. 66 Lint Net. , , -r -r^ Lent by John Dunnett. 67 Bobbins for pillow, lace, netting pins, needles, and tambour- ing frames. (Similar bobbins may be seen m use daily in the Clachan of the Exhibition.) Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 68 Stamps, used in the manufacture of sewed muslin by Alex. Wvlifi. Lent by Miss Kennedy. EAST GALLERY 617 69 Bobbins, used in the manufacture of muslin by Alex. Wylie. Lent by Miss Kennedy. 70 Glasgow Directory, 1817, showing name of Alex. Wylie, mushn manufacturer, 21 High Street, Glasgow. Lent by Miss Kennedy. 71 Fringe Loom. Lent by Dr. Wm. Gemmell. 72 Fringe Looii. Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 73 Fringe Loom. Lent by Miss Mary Wallace. 74 Tapestry Frame. Lent by H. Vincent Whitelaw. 75 Folding Boot-Jack, with hooks. Lent by Alex. Blair. 76 Boot Jack, with hooks. Lent by Alexander MacDonald. 77 Three Sets of Old Wooden Beads. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 78 An old Leather Wallet. Lent by R. Morrison. 79 A Lace Softener. Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 80 A Bobbin Stand. Lent by John Allan. 81 A Cutty Stool. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 82 Three Pin Cushions. Lent by Professor R. L. Sutherland. 83 A Stamp for Aberdeen linen, in copper, 1745. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 84 A Clothes Beetle. Lent by John Allan. 85 A Clothes Beetle. To "beetle" is to beat with a heavy mallet. This instrument called a beetle was used in washing clothes. — W. G. Lent by James M'D. Black. 86 An Iron Crimping-Machine. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 87 A Balance for weighing silk. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 618 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 88 A small Weighing Machine, of iron. Lent by the Elgin and Morayshiiie Scientific Association. 89 A CiiiMPiNG Block and Roller. Lent by the Elgin Public Libhary. 90 An Old Mouse Trap. Lent by the Hawick Museum. 91 A Double Guillotine Mouse Trap, found in the " Hole in the AVa " in Lossie Wynd, Elgin. Lent by the Elgin and Morayshire Scientific Association. 92 A Wooden Erame for goffering ruffs (complete.) Lent by Miss Mary Wallace. 93 A Hank of Cotton. 94 A Wooden Whorl. Lent by John Dunnet. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 95 A Malacca Walking Stick (with ivory top and leather tassels.) It belonged to Robert Anderson, 1699. Lent by Mrs. Young. 96 An Old Staff, 5 feet 6 inches long. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 97 A Long Staff. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 98 An Oak Staff, with carved basket work top. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 99 An Oak St.^ff, used long ago, when owing to scarcity of bridges pedestrians had to vault over the streams. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. 100 A Gentleman's Silk Umbrella, 1803. Lent by Robert Robb. In Edinburgh, when rain was threatening, that learned whimsical judge. Lord Monboddo, used to put his judge's wig into a sedan-chair to keep it dry ; it was thus trans- ported home in safety, while my lord himself was content to pass onward in the rain. It was not till 1782 that Mr. Alexander Wood, a surgeon, appeared in the streets of Edinburgh with the first umbrella ever seen there. It was a huge gingham affair. When rain fell in Glasgow — as it did frequently — escape from the downpour could be obtained only by taking shelter in the nearest " close," whither every foot passenger rushed. The custom Avas natural and still exists, though the clothes of the citizens are less elaborate than they were then. In 1783, a Glasgow doctor (Dr. Peter Wright; see Mid Gallery, EAST GALLERY 619 Wall Case 1, No. 402) displayed for the first time to the amazed townspeople, a yellow umbrella which he had brought with him from Paris : ere long others were to be seen everywhere in town, their capacious shoulders being covered with glazed linen, chiefly green or yellow in colour. Graham i., 144. — "VV. G. 101 An Old Drab Tall Hat. Lent by John Reid. 102 A Provost's State Cocked Hat. Lent by the Dundee Free Library. 103 A Lady's Old Leghorn Bonnet. Lent by the Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. 104 A Lady's Riding Switch, with engraved ivory handle. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 105 A Stage-Coach Umbrella, whale-bone ribbed, brass mounted, 1815. Lent by James Buchanan. 106 A Gentleman's Alpaca Umbrella. Lent by the Elgin Library. 107 A Lady's Blue Gingham Umbrella. Lent by John Allan. 108 A Lady's Brown Silk Umbrella, carved ivory handle. Lent by James M'Dougall. 109 A Gentleman's Brown Silk Umbrella, with carved ivory handle. Lent by James M'Dougall. 110 A Lady's Green Silk Umbrella. Lent by John Reid. 111 A Gentleman's Brown Silk Umrbella. George IV. period. Lent by James Buchanan. 112 A Gentleman's Blue Gingham Umbrella, silver plate. Engraved "Caledonian Horticultural Society D. S. for apples, 1825." Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 113 An Old Silk Umbrella, for carriage use. Lent by W. D. Main. 114 A Lady's Fringed Silk Parasol. Lent by John Reid. 115 A Lady's Coloured Silk Parasol. Lent by John Reid. 116 A Lady's Blue Silk Parasol. ^ , -r Lent by John Keid. 620 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 117 A Lady's Brown Silk Parasol, with jointed stick. Lent by John Reid. 118 A Lady's Brown Silk Parasol, with fringe, jointed handle. Lent by James M'Dougall. 119 A Lady's Silk SunshaijE, with ivory handle, and jointed stick. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 120 A Gentleman's Black Gingham Umbrella. Lent by John Allan. 121 The Dominie's Tawse. The use of this effective and salutary appliance was once common in every school and household in the country. Lent by John Allan. 122 A Blue Umbrella-Cover. Lent by 123 A Lady's Work Box. Lent by Miss Middleton. 124 A Gentleman's Etui, engraved " John Dundas of Manor," born 1701 ; died 1780. Lent by the Trustees op John Oswald Mitchell. 125 A Lady's Case of Perfume Bottles. Lent by Alex. Blair. 126 A Bracket Pin Cushion. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 127 A Water Colour Drawing of Shoe of Mary Queen of Scots. Lent by John Box Kinghorn. 128 A Water Colour Drawing of Shoe of Queen Marie de Lorraine. Lent by John Box Kinghorn. 129 A Woodcut of Boot and Spur worn at Battle of Worcester. Lent by John Box Kinghorn. 130 A Highland Brogue. Lent by Dr. M'Gillivray. 131 A Highland Brogue. Lent by the Elgin and Morayshire Scientific Association. Brogue : a coarse light kind of shoe used in the Highlands. It was particularly adapted for travelling through mossy grounds, and over bogs, of which Scot- land had many. "I was harass'd on this slough, by winding about — in my heavy boots with high heels, which, by my spring, when the little hillocks were too far asunder, broke the turf. But to my guide it seemed nothing; he was light of body, shod with flat brogues, wide in the solos, and accustomed to a particular step, suited to the occasion." Burt's Letters, II. 31. — W. G. EAST GALLERY 621 132 A Pair Wellington Boots, early 19th century. Lent by John Box Kinghorn. 133 A Blue Silk Clog, 1690. Lent by Rev. Thos. Burns. 134 A Pair of Single-soled Shoon, made by an old Souter of Selkirk. Lent by T. Craig Brown. 135 A Pair of Silk Clogs, 1690. Lent by John Allan. 136 A Pair of Rivlins, made of untanned cow-hide, still in use in Shetland. Lent by Gilbert Goudie. The most ancient form of footwear in Scotland, was a thin shoe of rough untanned hide. The skin of the deer, cow, or horse, with the hair, was used for the purpose, and the shoe was fastened behind and before with a thong of leather. St. Columba, unless he went barefoot, probably wore this kind of shoe, both in lona and on his missionary journeys. The Gaels called them Cuaran, but to the Lowland Scots they were known as Bivelins. It was from wearing these that the English named the Scots, " red shanks," and John Elder, writing to Henry VIII., as late as 1543, speaks of them thus: " After that we have slayne redd deir we flaye of the skyne bey and bey, and settinge of our bair foote on the insyde thereof, for neide of cunnynge shoemakers by your Graces pardon we play the sutters : compasinge and mesuringe so moche thereof, as shall rotche up to our ancklers, pryckynge the upper part therof also with holis, that the water may repas when it entres, and stretchide up with a stronge thwange of the same, meitand above our saide ancklers ... we usinge such maner of shoois, the roghe hairie syde outwart, ... we be callit roghe footede Scottis ; which maner of schoois (and pleas your Highnes) in Latyno be called perones, whereof the poet Virgill makis mencioun, sayinge, ' That the olde auncient Latyns in tyme of warrs uside suche maner of shoos.' " — W. G. 137 A Pair of Gentleman's Boots, cloth uppers, early Victorian. Lent by John Box Kinghorn. 138 A Pair of Brocaded Pattens, to fit tie shoes. Lent by John Box Kinghorn. The term " patten " is somewhat elastic in its meaning. It may be (1) a thick-soled wooden shoe, or clog; or (2) an outer shoe having a device to raise the sole and keep the shoe proper out of the wet and mud. 139 A Pair of Pattens. Lent by Miss J. C. C. MacDonald. 622 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 140 One Satin Shoe, worn by the late King Edward, when Prince of Wales, in character of Henry VIII. Lent by Thos. G. Leadbetter. 141 One Pair Lady's Morocco Shoes. Queen Anne period. Lent by John Box Kinghorn. 142 A Pair Wooden Clogs, 1870. Lent by Gilbert Goudie. 143 A Pair Fine Kid Shoes, early Victorian. Lent by John Box Kinghorn. 144 One Patten-Shoe. Lent by W]\5 . Chapman. 145 One Pair Pattens, early 19th century. Lent by James M'Dougall. 146 A Pair Square-toed Old Dress Shoes. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 147 A Pair of Old Sewed Pattens. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 148 A Pair of Pattens. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. Nos. 149 and 150 are dressing cases lined with pink satin, and covered outside with elaborate sewed work in high relief. In many particulars, even minute, they are alike, and apparently were, in origin, from the same maker. The costumes of the figures are of the period of Charles I. : they are not before that period. The pro- bable date for these cases is A. 13. 1630-1G40. W. G. 149 Dressing Case. Lent by Miss Peddie. 150 Dressing Case. Lent by Lieut. -Col. Hewison Craufurd. 151 A Purse, made from a swan's foot. Lent by the Elgin and Morayshire Scientific Society. 152 An Old Leather Purse. Lent by the Arbroath Museum. 153 A Slipper, which belonged to Mary Queen of Scots. Lent by Thomas Torrance. 154 A Slipper, which belonged to a maid of Mary Queen of Scots. Lent by Thomas Torrance. 155 A Pair of Mahogany Brackets, 1720. Lent by Mrs. David Baxter. 156 A Leather Wallet. Lent by R. Morrison. EAST GALLERY 623 However plainly a laird or his family might dress at home, they had their gay costumes lor occasions of cere- mony, and these were worn at baptisms, marriages, and especially at funerals. Though the morning attire might be an easy deshahille, the full dress coat and waistcoat were trimmed with silver or gold ; silk stockings were worn with jackboots ; and a periwig or Ramillies wig clothed the head, and was surmounted by a laced three- cornered hat. Ladies wore hoops which, in Queen Anne's time, were four or five yards in circumference, and these Avere covered with velvet petticoats, and dresses of flowered silk, trimmed with gold and silver lace. On their heads they wore pinners of brocade, or the costly lace of Flanders. But no matter how fashionable her costume might be, no Scottish lady omitted that essential part of the national costume, the tartan plaid. It was of silk or wool, and the inside was lined with green or scarlet silk. It was wound loosely round the head and body. It continued to be v/orn till the middle of the eighteenth century, when its place was taken by a cloak of silk or velvet. But it was as national and distinctive a costume as the mantilla in Spain. The plaids used by the common people were of coarse worsted and were gaudy in colour, and the custom of wearing them is not yet extinct among the lower classes of the towns. — W. G. 157 An Old Stewart Tartan Coat, 1745. Lent by the Misses Alexander. 158 A Blue Repp Wedding Coat, middle of 18th century. Lent by Norman M'Kie. 159 A Tartan Coat and Kilt belonging to Donald Stewart^ Dun- keld, who was lifted ' after the 1745. Lent by Mrs. Robert Anderson. 160 A Tartan Coat of the Ancient Caledonian Society. Lent by the Banff Muskum. 161 A Tartan Kilt. " Lent by Mrs. Carmichael. 162 A Coat of Robertson Tartan. Lent by Mrs. Stewart. 163 A Tartan Doublet of old hand-made tartan which belonged to Colonel Alexander MacDonald of Lynedale and Balrande, Lent by J. A. Ranald MacDon.4ld. 164 A Plaid of " Donald-m'an-ord " (Donald of the Hammers.) Lent by Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander K. Stew.\rt. Donald of the Hammers was second of the Invernahyle branch of the Stewarts of Appin, and commander-in- 624 DOMESTIC ARTICLES chief of the clan by virtue of his enormous strength, prowess in battle, and romantic history, well known and remembered in the Western Highlands. His father fought at Flodden in 1513. 165 A Lumsden Tartan Waistcoat. Lent by Captain H. T. Lumsden. 166 A Crimson Tarn o' Slianter Bonnet. Lent by Mes. Ewing. 167 A White Tam o' Shanter, broad bonnet, hand-knitted in white wool, worn by General Sir Alexander Leith of Glenkindie. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 168 A Broad Bonnet, hand knitted in green wool. Worn by General Sir Alexander Leith of Glenkindie. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 169 A Tartan Tam o' Shanter Bonnet. Lent by Mrs. Ewing. 170 A Child's Wooden Chamber Vessel. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. By ten o'clock each night, the filth collected in each household (especially in Edinburgh) was poured from the high windows, and fell in malodorous splash upon the causeway, and not seldom on unwary passers-by. At the warning call of " Gardy loo" {Gardez V eau) from ser- vants preparing to outpour the contents of stoups, pots, and cans, the passengers beneath would agonisingly cry out, "Hand yer hand"; but too often the shout was unheard or too late, and a drenched periwig and besmirched three-cornered hat were borne dripping and ill-scented home. On the ground all night the dirt and ordure lay awaiting the few and leisurely scavengers, who came nominally at seven o'clock next morning with wheel-barrows to remove it. Ere then the streets were thronged, for people began business early, and shop- keepers had to set forth tlieir booths amid the teeming gutters. The piety of the time forbade any street cleansing at all on Sunday, for this was held to be an act neither of necessity nor of mercy, and the dirt of Saturday night had to remain till the morning of Mon- day. The wearing of pattens to church was an act of both necessity and mercy, at least to the possessor of decent shoe. See Graham, I. 83. — W. G. 171 A Mason's Mell or Mallet, used at the building of Koslin Chapel in 1446. (See Masonic Section, same Gallery, 31, Case 29.) Lent by the Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, No. 2. 172 A Portion of Plaid worn by Eraser of Struie at Culloden. The home of this gentleman was Strathglass. Lent by F. Beattie. EAST GALLERY 625 173 Tortoise Shell Fan, with scene painted on it. Subject, "Alexander the Great receiving the family of Darius King of Persia." (Said to have belonged to Mary, Queen of Scots.) Lent by Captain Blair Oliphant. 174 Old Longcase Barometer. (On end of Wall Case.) Lent by Wm. C. Cockburn. ON FLOOR NEAR SOUTH BOOR. 175 Case containing : (0) Model of a Paisley Weaver's Harness Loom, 1820. (h) Weaver's Pluck-Stick or Pookin-Pin, used for driving the shuttle. (c) Weaver's Shuttle. (d) Do. Plumb-Line. (e) Do. W^and or Rod, used for clearing the yarn. (/) Do. Web Glass. (g) Do. Tweezers or " Pickers." (h) Do. Spectacles. (1) Do. Lamp. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library and Museum. 176 Original Design for printed and woven shawls, 1851-52. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library and Museum. 177 Original Design for printed and woven shawls, 1851-52. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library and Museum. 178 Original Design for printed and woven shawls, 1851-52. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library and Museum. 179 Original Design for printed and woven shawls, 1851-52. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library and Museum. Note. — Nos. 176-179 are affixed to Sides of Door into Mid Gallery. ON TOP OF WALL CASES. SPINNING AND WEAVING. After the fleece was removed from the sheep, the wool was washed, dried, and teased out. The next process was to card, or straighten out the fibres of the wool. This was done by placing a small quantity of the wool between two squares of wood, which were studded with small iron teeth. By pulling these squares in opposite directions, the fibres were 626 DOMESTIC ARTICLES made even and continuous, and the wool was then ready for spinning. Nos. 18a, 29 and 37 are examples of hand-cards. The earliest method of spinning was by means of the distafE and spindle. The distafE was a staff for holding the bunch of wool or flax in hand-spinning : it was fixed in the girdle under the left arm of the spinster. The spindle was a piece of wood about a foot long, thickened in the middle and tapering at both ends. Its upper end was notched to catch the thread and hold it Avhile the spindle rotated. The whorl was the thing that made the spindle whirl : it was of wood or stone, and was passed over the notched end of the spindle till it was arrested by the thickened centre. It gave weight and steadiness to the spindle in spinning. Holding the spindle in her right hand and resting the lower end of it against her right thigh, the spinster drew a thin filament of wool or flax from the distaff head to the notch in the spindle. A few preliminary turns of the spindle sufficed to hold the simple apparatus in place and set it spinning. With the palm of her right hand the spinster now made the spindle rotate with increasing speed, feeding the fibre from the distaff head all the while with the left hand. This simple form of spinning survives in remote corners of the Scottish Highlands and Islands. By it yarn is produced which, even at the present day and with much more elaborate apparatus, cannot be surpassed for evenness and strength. In Scotland the distaff was called the roch, and the spindle, from its whirling motion, the reel. This once occasioned a retort which arose from the double meaning of the Avords. "Ye are reeling, Janet," remarked a country minister to one of his parishioners who had been indulging freely. " Deed, an' I canna aye be spinnin', sir, " retorted Janet. In the eighteenth century, with small incomes and simple tastes, "gentry dressed in a plain, homely, and even coarse way. At home, or even to kirk and market, a gentleman went about in homespun clothing, and home-made woollen shirt, which had been spun by his wife, family, and servants, and woven by the village ' wabster. ' . . . Day by day in kitchen and room there was heard the flutter of the rock and reel, till these gave way about 1730 to the whir of the spinning-wheel, making the yarn of the wool and flax, till the amount of plaiding and linen filled every 'press' and box, sufficient to ' i^lenish ' the homes of a dozen brides, whose part it was to bring a full store of napery to their husbands' houses." " Social Life of Scotland in the Eighteenth Century," I. 17-18. " Gat ye me, 0 gat ye me, And gat ye me wi' naething : A rock, a reel, a spinning wheel. '^ " The Merry Muses " (1827), p. 13. "There was an auld wife had a wee pickle tow. And she wad gae try the spinnin' o't : EAST GALLERY 627 But lootin' her down, her rock took a lowe, And that was an ill beginnin' o't." " The Rock and the Wee Pickle Tow," by A. Ross. "On Fasten-e'en we had a rockin'. To ca' the crack and weave our stockin' ; And there was muckle fun and jokin'. Ye need na doubt." Burns: (First) "Epistle to J. Lapraik." Rockin' : in former times young women met together in the evening, each having her distaff or rock for the purpose of spinning, while the song and the gossip went round. Note to Burns, supra. On moonlight nights they held their private meetings in barn or cottage, called " Rockings," where young women brought their rocks and reels, or distaffs and spindles, and where young men assembled, to knit stockings, or patch their brogues or shoes. To the accompaniment of the spinning of the wool and flax, the song went round and merriment pre- vailed, till the company dispersed and the girls went home escorted by their swains, who carried their rocks gallantly over corn-rigs and moor. When rocks were no more used, and spinning-wheels had taken their place, the name for the gathering was still preserved, and merry evenings of a social kind were still called " rockin's." The " rock " and " reel " were going out about 1730 in the Lowlands, and by 1740 had quite disappeared. Their place was taken by the spinning-wheel. The first improvement was to fit the spindle on horizontal bearings, and to get the driving power from a band passed over the spindle and a large wheel, which in turn was driven by hand. The large wheel was called the " muckle-wheel," and examples are shown in Nos. 51, 52 and 53. This was in contrast to the smaller wheels^ which were of later date. Bobbins were next introduced on the spindle, and then came the foot treadle and crank, which freed both hands of the operator. Then came the double flier or bobbin by which two spindles could be worked simultaneously ; and the rapid- ity with which this could be done, led to the apparatus being termed the "swift." Nos. 52, 53, 54 and 55 show this apparatus. — W. G. 1 Balance of wood, with mountings in iron. Found at Hill of Mormond, Aberdeenshire. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. ON WALL (EAST). 2 BiSMAR in iron. (See Wall Case 7.) Lent by the University of Aberdeen. Bismar or Bysmer is a lever or beam made of wood, about three feet long. From one end to near the middle it is a cylinder of about three inches in diameter ; thence it gently tapers to the other, which is not above one 628 DOMESTIC ARTICLES inch in diameter. From the middle along this smallest end it is marked with small iron pins at unequal distances, which indicate the weights which is from one mark to twenty-four, or a bispund." (See No. 37, Wall Case 4, Baking and Brewing Section.) Barry's ''Orkney," p. 211. 3 Pillow for making pillow net. (Lace making on the pillow is presently to be seen in the Highland village of the Exhibition.) Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 4 Stone Weights used by old loom weavers. Lent by the Montrose Museum. 5 Two Wooden Spindles. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 6 Shuttle in wood, used by weavers. Found at Strichen, Aberdeenshire. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 7 Shuttle in wood. Used by weavers. Found in Aberdeen- shire. Lent by the University of Aberdeen 8 Winder for winding yarn. Lent by the Inverness Museum. 9 Hand Reel. Lent by Andrew C. Hilston. 10 Four Whorls and Spindles. By this means the yarn was twisted. The flax held on the distaff was twisted by the whirling spindle and then wound on the hand reel. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. 11 Crois-iarna, or yarn hanker, showing how yarn was wound on it. Lent by Wm. Go wans & Co. 12 One W^inder of carved chipwood, dated 1658. (The carving is unusual.) Lent by Mrs. Grossart. 13 Yarn Winder. M. T., 1740. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 14 Yarn Winder. Lent by Mrs. Grossart 14a Hand Winder or Crois Thachrais. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 15 Hand Winder, carved, found at Ardgowan House (over 150 years old.) Another example, finely carved, is No. 12, above. Lent by the M'Lean Museum, Greenock. 16 Very old hand Yarn Winder (made out of plain wood). Lent by Wm. Chapman. EAST GALLERY 629 17 Wool Winder in wood (found in Aberdeenshire.) Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 18 UocK or Distaff. Lent by I vie Campbell. 18a Pair of Wool Carders. Lent by Jas. Buchanan. 19 Distaff, used in spinning worsted. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 20 Rock or Distaff, finely carved, with whorls. Lent by Andrew C. Hilston. 20a Shuttle. Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 21 Shuttle for carpet weaving. Lent by the Hawick Museum. 22 Distaff, finely carved. M. T., 1739. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 23 Two Hand Cards for carding wool. Lent by George Bell. 24 Weaver's Stretcher. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 25 Large Wooden Shuttle. Lent by the Dudhope Park Museum. 26 Lint Swingle. Lent by the Hawick Museum. 27 Wooden Frame, used in weaving. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 28 Iron Flaxclove, for breaking off the cloves of the flax. Lent by Donald M'Kinlay. 29 Pair of Hand Cards for carding wool. Lent by Wisr. Chapman. 30 Carpet Shuttles. Lent by the Hawick Museum. 31 Flax Scutcher (Elm). Lent by Donald M'Kinlay. 32 Distaff, finely carved. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 33 Wooden Shuttle from the workshop of the poet Tannahill. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 34 Distaff or Rock, carved and ornamented. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. 35 Frame used for winding thread together. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. DOMESTIC ARTICLES 36 Weft Rubber (two). Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust 37 Hand Cards, used for Harris tweed. Lent by Wm. Go wans & Co. 38 Dunfermline Hand-Loom Shuttle. Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 39 Ancient Highland Wool Balance. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald, 40 Weft Rubber. Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 41 Heckling Comb. Lent by Alex. Grant. Heckle : a frame in which is stuck, sharp ends upper- most, from fifty to a hundred steel spikes, through which the hemp is drawn to straighten it for manufacturing purposes : a flax-comb. " Raving mad, I wish a heckle Were in their doup.'' Burns: Address to the Toothache." 42 Lint Scutcher. Lent by Tom Scott. 43 Heckles or Rippling Kaims, in this case used for carding a particular kind of woollen cloth called " stuth." Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 44 Heckle or Rippling-Kaim. Lent by Wm. Go wans & Co. 45 Original Side-tipped Shuttle. Lent by the Dundee Library Committee. 46 Skavelick used in weaving, for beating home the threads. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 47 Weaver's Fan. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 48 Cuibhle-iteachan or Bobbin winder, used for Harris tweed. Lent by Wm. Go wans & Co. 49 Lint Heckles or Rippling Kaims. Lent by the Hawick Museum. 50 Part of Spinning-wheel. Lent by Adam Watson. 51 " Muckle Pirn Wheel or Winder. Lent by Rev. Dr. Borland. 52 Swift and Muckle Pirn Winder. Lent by Wm. Go wans Sr Co. SPINNING WHEELS AND UNWINDER. EAST GALLERY 631 53 Swift and Miickle Pirn Winder. Lent by John Reid. 54 SWIET. Lent by John Reid. 55 Swift, found at Lairg, Strathdon, Aberdeenshire. Lent by the University of Abekueen. 56 Wool AVinder. Made by Duguid, wheelwright, in Ballater, circa 1800. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 57 Hanking Machine with registering dial. Lent by T. AV. Dewar. 58 Yarnets in wood. Used in holding yarn intended to be made into skeins or wound into balls. Found at Strath- don, Aberdeenshire. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 59 Eachan or Hank Unwinder. Lent by AVm. Gowans & Co. 60 Very Old Yarn Winder, in birch wood. Made by William Hunter, wright in Kilwinning in 1640. 61 Lent by Rev. Robert Auld. 62 Spinning Wheel, said to be 200 years old, of the kind known in the Highlands as the "Cock-up" wheel. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 63 Jiint Spinning Wheel in mahogany. Lent by Andrew C. Hilston. 64 Iron Spinning Wheel. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 65 Old Spinning Wheel (in fine condition.) Lent by R. A. Peacock. 66 Spinning AViieel from Harris, said to be about 200 years old. (Certainly a very old wheel.) Lent by Wm. Gowans & Co. 67 Old Spinning AVheel from the Island of Harris. Lent by Jas. Buchanan. 68 Spinning AVheel. Lent by John Reid. 69 Spinning AVheel. Lent by Mrs. Moubray. 70 Lint Spinning AVheel, showing rock or distaff attached. Lent by Mrs. Moubray. 71 Lint Spinning AVheel, showing rock or distaff attached. Lent by iVndrew C. Hilston. 632 DOMESTIC ARTICLES 72 Upriglit Spinning Wheel. (Unusual; very fine.) Lent by James M'Farlane. 73 Sheraton Spinning Wheel, inlaid with brass and ivory, which belonged to the Countess of Buchan, 1725. Lent by the M'Lean Museum, Geeenock. 74 A Yarn Quadeant (for weighing yarn.) Lent by the Caenegie Dunpeemline Teust. 75 Model of a Harris Loom. Lent by Wm. Go wans & Co. 76 Hogg's Cutty Stool or Furm. Lent by Rev, Dr. Boeland. OJV SOUTH WALL. SCOTTISH SAMPLERS. Owing to the Exigencies of Space it lias been impossible to hang the Samplers in chronological order. A.D. 1689. Sewed by Hellen Boggie. In 1697 she married John Gib of Castletown (now Con), near Muckart. This is the earliest Scottish Sampler yet recorded. Lent by her descendant, R. Ellis. A.D. 1827. Sewed by Elizabeth Christian Stirling M 'Donald. Picture of Glasgow Cathedral. " Death conqurs Affection weeps." Lent by her descendant, Mes. Rees Peice. A.D. 1745. "Elizabeth Boyd shewed this Semplor in the 10 year of her age." Lent by her descendant, Geoege Claek. Undated — 18tli century. Sewed by Mary Magdalene Douglas. "Mary hath chosen the better part which shall not be taken away." Note the procession of animals, and the birds perching on the trees. Lent by J. S. Richaedson. A.D. 1736. Sewed by Agnes Morrow. Note the " I.R.S." and the " G.R.," both crowned. The former shows Jacobite sympathies and the latter the reigning house (Hano- verian). Lent by J. S. Richaedson. Circa 1750-1755. Sewed by Jean Husband, daughter of Paul Husband of Logie, Perthshire. Lent by her descendant, Mes. Cleland. 7 A.D. 1783. Sewed by Isabella Downs. Lent by Mes. Campbell Beunton. EAST GALLERY 633 8 A.D. 1769. Sewed by Jenet Bell, daughter of Andrew Bell and Margret Bryce, his wife. Lent by her descendant, Mrs. Edwards. 9 A.D. 1749. Sewed by Janet Yule. Note the rhyming version of the Ten Commandments. Lent by her descendant, W. D. Mackay, R.S.A. 10 A.D. 1744. Sewed by Katherine Whithill, aged 10 years. Note the oriental character of the design. Lent by Mrs. Turner. 11 A.D. 1739. Sewed by Ann Ramsay. Note the church stitched on this Sampler and the six different forms of lettering ; also the quaint spelling of the rhymed Ten Command- ments. Lent by J. S. Richardson. 12 A.D. 1765. Sewed by Alison Robertson. Note the peculiar square piece of work in the centre divided by a cross in silver wire; also the quaint figures at the foot and the I.R. crowned (Jacobite). Lent by Mrs. White. 13 A.D. 1797. Sewed by Elizabeth Drybrough, daughter of James Drybrough and Jenet I3ell, his wife. (See Sampler No. 8.) Lent by her descendant, Mrs. Edavards. 14 Undated. Sampler of Embroidery Stitches. Sewed by Jean Husband. (See Sampler No. 6.) Lent by her descendant, Mrs. Cleland. 15 A.D. 1793. Sampler of Embroidery Stitches. Sewed by Margaret Brunton. Lent by Miss Thomson. 16 A.D. 1820. Sampler of Embroidery Stitches. Sewed by Elizabeth Gardner. Lent by her descendant, Mrs. Oliphant. 17 A.D. 1811. "Margret Barr shewed her Samplair." Note the typical Scottish mansion and the ships in the corners. Lent by Miss Breeze. 18 A.D. 1840. Sewed by Isabella Russell, aged 8 years. Lent by Miss Susan F. Crawford, R.P.E. 19 A.D. 1817. Sewed by Ann Gibb Brounlie. Note the Watch Dog. Lent by Robert Robb. 20 A.D. 18G3. Needlework picture. Subject : Jacob, Rachel and Leah. Lent by her descendant, Mrs. Edwards. 21 Circa 1809. Map of the World. Sewed by Agnes Wylie, daughter of Alexander AVylie (twice Deacon of the Incorporation of Weavers, Glasgow) and Jean Crawford, his wife. {Vide No. 44.) Lent by Miss Kennedy. 634 SCOTTISH SAMPLERS 22 Circa 1795-1799. Fire Screen (one of a pair.) Sewed by Margaret Husband Elder and Emilie Elder. Subject : after Bartolozzi. An oval of figures surrounded by a wreath of flowers. Lent by their descendant, Miss MacRitchie. 23 A.-D. 1746. Subject: ''The Conversion of Saul" in a centre panel, and surrounded by a unique border of squares of tapestry stitches and designs. In one of them, anno 1746 a.c. g.r.v.b. surrounded by a wreath. Lent by Miss Emily Paterson, R.S.W. 24 Circa 1799. Map of the World. Sewed by Margaret Husband Elder and Emelie Elder, daughters of Thomas Elder and Emelie Husband. Vide Nos. 22, 26, and 39. Lent by their descendant. Miss MacRitchie. 25 Circa 1795-1799. Fire Screen sewed by Margaret Husband Elder and Emelie Elder. Vide Nos. 22, 24, 26, 39. Lent by their descendant. Miss MacRitchie. 26 Circa 1790. Map of Scotland. Sewed by Margaret Husband Elder. Vide Nos. 22, 24, 25, 39. Lent by their descendant. Miss MacRitchie. 27 A.D. 1810. Oval Needlework Picture. Subject: "Jeptha's Rash Vow." Vide No. 20. Lent by J. C. M'Ciiindle. 28 A.D. 173-. Sewed by Agnes Brown, mother of the poet Robert Burns. Lent by The Rev. Geohge F. A. Macnaughton. 29 Undated. Sewed by Isabella Burns, afterwards Mrs Begg, the j^oungest sister of Robert Burns. Lent by The Rev. G. F. A. Macnaughton. 30 A.D. 1821, Sewed by Elizabeth Gardner, Glasgow. Lent by her descendant, Mrs. Oliphant. 31 A.D. 1804. Sewed by Margaret Lochhead, Johnston's Needle Buildings. Lent by Robert Robb. 32 Circa 1765. Sewed by Chirsty Pringle, Linlithgow, aged 9 years. Compare this with No. 56. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 33 A.D. 1777. Sewed by Lucy Campbell, aged 11 years. Note the '' G.R." in the centre of Sampler. Lent by the Campbeltown Museum. 34 A.D. 1801. " Isabel Simpson sew^ed this Semplar." Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 35 A.D. 1797. Margaret Hunt, Dunfermline. The Italian "fiammi" pattern is here represented; also Adam and Eve standing by the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. EAST GALLERY 635 36 Circa 1800. Picture of Glasgow Cathedral and neighbour- hood sewed with hair on silk by Elizabeth Drybrough. Vide No. 13. Lent by her descendant, Mrs. Edwards. 37 A.D. 1795. Sewed by Martha Graham, aged 15. ''What is this I feel? 'Tis the Divinity within that stirs ! 'Tis Heaven itself that points out Immortality, And intimates Eternity to Man." " Life how short." Eternity how long." and verses on winter and summer. Lent by her descendant, Miss Norwell. 38 A.D. 1795. Sewed by Margret Coldwells. Note the Arms of Musselburgh and Arms of Scotland {Vide No. 3), the beautiful colouring, and the Scotch house with verdant lawns. Lent by her descendant, Miss Christie. 39 Circa 1750. Sewed by Emilie Husband. A Sampler of dainty colouring and delicate stitching by the same hand as sewed one of the Fire Screens (Nos. 22 and 25) and one of the Hemispheres of the Map of the World (No. 24). Lent by her descendant. Miss MacRitchie. 40 A.D. 1822. Sewed by Elizabeth Mitchell and Elizabeth Hamilton, Cumnock. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 41 A.D. 1863. Sewed by Miss Linkston (the lender) when 7 years old, at Long Green School, Cramond Bridge. The school house is still standing and was maintained by the second wife of the fourth Earl of Rosebery for the benefit of the daughters of those working on the Dalmeny Estate. Lent by Miss Linkston. 42 Undated. Landscape sewed in black on white silk. Lent by Robert Robb. 43 A.D. 1783. Sewed by Jean Crawford, mother of Agnes Wylie. Vide Nos. 44 and 21. Lent by Miss Kennedy. 44 A.D. 1809. Sewed by Agnes Wylie. Vide No. 21. Lent by Miss Kennedy. 45 Undated. Sewed by Eupham Downie, aged 9 years. " Favour is deceitful and Beauty is vain. But a woman THAT FEARETH THE LORD SHE SH.\LL BE PRAISED." Note the milkmaid with her pails slung on her shoulders, also the two little people resembling Dutch folk who appear on this Sampler. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 636 SCOTTISH SAMPLEES 46 \.B. 18U0. Sewed by Mary Stewart. "Tell me ye knowing and discerning few, AVhere I may find a friend that's firm and true, Who dares stand by me when in deep distress And then his love and friendship most express." Lent by Miss Breeze. 47 A.D. 1826. Sewed by Jane Cunningham, Paisley, afterAvards the Avife of William Hector, Sheriff-Clerk of Renfrew- shire. Lent by Miss Hector. 48 A.D. 1835. Sewed by Richmond Kilpatrick in Edinburgh, aged 12 years. Teacher, Mrs. Marshall, who was well known at that date. Lent by Mrs. Allison 49 A.D. 1759. Sewed by Anna Arnit, August, 10 day, 1759. Lent by Mrs. Allison. 50 1825. Sewed by Janet Wood Watson, Glasgow. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 51 Undated. Sewed by Mary Burns, Glasgow, aged 6 years. Lent by Mrs. Muirhead 52 A.D. 1852. Sewed by Jessie Grace Burns, Glasgow. "Life is short And Death is sure. Sin's the wound And Christ's the Cure." Lent by Mrs. Muirhead. 53 A.D. 1757. Sewed by Margret Andrson, who stitched on it salm 23 and in a small panel mrs. potts, her teacher's name, a Lion, a Swan, and a Bumble Bee. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 54 Undated. Needlework Picture. Subject : Tancred. Lent by Miss Jane Wesley. 55 A.D. 1823. Sewed by Jessie Bertram Baird, The Cross House, Linlithgow, aged 7 years. Lent by Mrs. Cleland. 56 A.D. 1765. Sewed by Janet Learmonth. Note the Arms of Linlithgow similar to No. 32, and the motto surrounding the Thistle, "I have power to defend myself and others." Lent by Mrs. Muirhead. 57 Stuart Picture in Tapestry Stitches. Lent by Mrs. Cecil G. Hay. 58 A.D. 1762. From the prominence given to the name Robert Henderson, w^e are perhaps justified in saying that this sampler was worked by a boy. Lent by Mr. Drane. EAST GALLERY 637 59 Sewed by Ann Lindsay, great-grandmother of the lender. Lent by Mrs. Cecil G. Hay. 60 Undated. "Isabella Sinclaer is my name, Scotland is my Nation, My Parents they were very good To give me Education." Lent by Norman M. MacKean. 61 Circa 1750. Served by Margaret Aitken, great-grandaunt of the lender. Note the figure of Cupid with his bow, and the delightful colouring of this Sampler. Lent by Mrs. Spencer. 62 C irca 1819. Sewed by Elizabeth Elder MacRitchie; born Dec, 1810, daughter of Margaret Husband Elder, wdio in 1799 married John MacRitchie of Craigton, Perthshire. (See Nos. 22, 24, 25, 2G). Lent by her descendant. Miss MacRitchie. 63 A.D. 1840. Collar and Cuffs of Ayrshire needlework. Sub- ject : Burns' Monument and the Brig o' Doon. Lent by Mrs. Oliver. TEXTILE FABRICS. WALL CASES 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, AND CASES 13 AND 14. The exhibits arranged under this heading comprise examples of Paisley shawls, tartans, and linen. While it is unneces- sary to discuss the various materials used in the production and manufacture of these fabrics, it may be of interest to produce a few historic references relating to their origin and antiquity. Paisley Shawls. — The shawl is essentially an Oriental piece of dress, and was introduced into this country by the East Indian Company about the middle of the 18th century. It is recorded that in the year 1787 shawls were admitted by our Custom-house upon payment of an ad valorem duty of 27^ per cent. ; this duty, however, was reduced by various Acts and regulations during the years 1814-1846. The severe restrictions put upon their importation, and their consequent costliness, led to an attempt being first made in 1784 by the weavers of Norwich to imitate and produce in the loom the effects which, in the Indian cashmere shawls, were produced by the needle ; but this, it appears, was not successfully carried out until about 1805. About the same period the manufacture of imitation Indian shawls was taken up in Paisley and Edinburgh, but the former town alone retained it, and in the course of time produced many new varieties of woven, printed, and embroidered shawls, such as the damask. Canton crape, chenille, etc. Typical of the class of shawl in vogue during the beginning of the 19th century were those woven with small dots, called " pow-heads or "spade-shaped spriglettes," and known as 638 TEXTILE FABRICS. the spade pattern (Nos. 4, 5, 6). The characteristic feature, however, in most of the decorative work, in what afterwards became widely known as the "Paisley Harness Shawl," was the pine or cone pattern — an ornament present in one form or another in almost every real Indian shawl (Nos. 15, 16). This pattern gradually became more conventionalised and more varied in form. Some of the shawls had it merely as a border, with the centre of a different colour, into which occasionally the design strayed ; others, again, were entirely covered with the design. (Nos. 30, 35, 42, 52, 56 may be taken as representations of the different classes.) The Paisley shawl attained great celebrity. It was the fashion for all newly-married ladies to be " kirked " in one of these shawls, and was considered to be the appropriate article of dress for all important functions until about 1870, when in this country it went out of fashion. . Tartans. — While the manufacture of Paisley shawls is of a comparatively modern date, that of tartan is very ancient. Many learned researches have been made to endeavour to trace its introduction into the British Isles, and into Scot- land in particular, where it has so long remained the well- known Highland costume, giving a name to its peculiar style that is universally adopted in every part of the world in which the manufacture is produced or traded. The term tartan does not appear in Gaelic, nor was it used in the Highlands, where the word hreachan was its equivalent, until the 16th century. There is no record of it having been the distinctive dress of the clans of Scotland before the 16th century ; but in a chartulary of Aberdeen, in 1269, the canons of the Church forbid the clergy to wear the party- coloured garments under the name of Tyretains. Of date 1570, an ancient Scottish manuscript gives a list of the colours of the plaids of the different clans. In 1747, or immediately after the '45, the Hanoverian Government passed an Act prohibiting the wearing of this distinctive dress, and the grey shepherd's mauds were made instead. This Act was, however, repealed in 1782, and the High- landers quickly resumed their former dress. In many cases the original sets of the clan tartans were forgotten, but something closely resembling them was manufactured. About, the early decades of the 19th century there was a decided demand for tartans, and it is to this period that many of the newer patterns are to be traced. Linen. — The oldest, perhaps, of all the textile arts is the spinning and weaving of flax. The cultivation of the flax plant, the various processes for separating the fibre and dressing it, and the subsequent operations of making it into linen fabrics four thousand years ago, are vividly repre- sented upon the temples and tombs of Egypt. The Jewish priesthood were directed to use "linen garments and clothes of service"; and linen has been generally looked upon as emblematic of purity. Linen is found in connection with prehistoric remains in this country, and as early as the 7th century, ladies of rank, and even royal princesses had ac- quired much fame by their skill in spinning, weaving, and embroidering rich vestments for the Anglo-Saxon clergy. EAST GALLERY 639 Records show that the materials chiefly or solely used were wool and flax, fabrics manufactured from the latter fibre being worn as under-garments by all persons of moderate station or wealth. Linen manufacturing in Scotland was often encouraged by the Government. In 1727 a Board of Manufacturers was established for the distribution of bounties, pursuant to the Act of Union, and it is recorded that of the £6000 paid to the Scottish Board, £2650 was appropriated to the encouragement of the linen trade. Its first act was to give orders for the establishment of schools all over the country, but especially in the Highlands, for the instruction in the art of spinning at the wheel. The Scottish Board of Manufacturers was abolished in 1823. Among the domestic utensils will be found obsolete articles used in the manufacture of linen (Nos. 26-31). James Eggleton. WALL CASE 8] (WEST WALL). 1 Bedspread of Countess of Eglinton. WALL CASE 9. PAISLEY SHAWLS, ETC. 1a Silk Shawl, sprig centre. Circa 1800. Lent by Miss Kennedy. 2 vShawl, crimson silk ground with floral figured centre and border. (Jewelled pattern.) Circa 1800. Lent by Miss Gilmour. 3 Small Shoulder Shawl. Circa 1761. Lent by William Chapman. 4 Corner and Centre Square Shawl, with sewed-on border. (Spade pattern.) Circa 1800. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library and Museum. 5 Small Silk Shawl, sprig centre. (Spade pattern.) Circa 1800. Lent by John Robertson. 6 Small Shoulder Shawl, sewed-on border and canton silk fringe. (Spade pattern.) Circa 1800. Lent by Miss Gilmour. 7 Long Shawl, crimson silk ground with sprig design and woven border. Circa 1800. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library and Museum. 8 Printed Shawl. Circa 1800. Lent by Miss M. E. Mather. 640 TEXTILE FABRICS 9 Small Shoulder Shawl, black cashmere ground with floral figure design and canton silk fringe. Circa 1810. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library AND Museum. 10 Shawl, crimson silk ground with figured centre and sewed-on border. Circa 1810-20. Lent by Mrs. Percy Bate. 11 White Silk Shawl, pine end. Circa 1805. Lent by Miss Gilmour. 12 Small Shoulder Shawl, white cashmere ground with floral figure design and canton silk fringe. Circa 1810. Lent by Mrs. Craig Barr. 13 Harness Shawl, black silk ground with elaborate pine corners and repeats throughout the middle of same character. Circa 1810. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library AND Museum. 14 Small Shoulder Shawl. Lent by William Chapman. 15 Indian Shawl of fine needle-work. (Exhibited for the purpose of comparison.) Lent by Robert Cochran. 16 Indian Shawl of fine needle-work. (Exhibited for the purpose of comparison.) Lent by Miss Gilmour. 17 Chenille Shawl. Circa 1820-30. (The manufacture of Chenille was invented in Paisley about 1820 by Mr. Alexander Buchanan, and first made into shaAvls by Mr. John Robertson, who was for a long period a leading manufacturer in Paisley.) Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library and Museum. 18 Small Canton Crape Shawl, with printed border. Circa 1820-30. (The manufacture of Canton Crape Shawls was introduced into this country by Mr. James Coats, the founder of the firm of Messrs. J. & P. Coats, and Mr. James Whyte, who discovered the secret of their manufacture and for a number of years enjoyed a monopoly of the trade.) Lent by John Robertson. 19 Silk Damask Shawl, with printed border and floral figured centre. Circa 1820-30. Lent by Robert Cochran. 20 Canton Silk Damask Shawl, with printed border and corners. Circa 1820-30. Lent by John Robertson. EAST GALLERY 641 21 White Silk Shawl, pine centre with sewed-on border and silk fringe. Lent by Mrs. George Morton. 22 Small Silk Printed Shawl, with pine end and floral figured centre. Circa 1820-30. Lent by Robert Cochran. 23 Harness Figured Shawl, green ground with geometrically placed centres and sewed-on border. Circa 1830-40. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library AND Museum. 24 Harness Shawl, black centre. Design drawn from the form of the growing gourd. Circa 1830-40. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library AND Museum. 25 Crape Shawl. Lent by William Chapman. WALL CASE 10. 26 Silk Shawl, sprig centre and pine corners. Lent by Miss J. P. Bruce. 27 AVhite Silk Shawl, embroidered corners and border. Circa 1835-40. Lent by Miss Gilmour. 28 Cashmere Shawl, drab ground with floral figure design. Circa 1840. Lent by Robert Cochran. 29 Printed Handkerchief. Circa 18G0. Lent by John Robertson. 30 White Spun-Silk Long Shawl (imitation Indian), pale end and sewed-on border. Circa 1820-30. Lent by the Committee or the Paisley Free Library AND Museum. 31 Long Shawl, black centre with pine end and sewed-on border. Lent by Miss Hamilton. 32 White Silk Long Shawl, with pine end and sprig centre. Circa 1830-40. Lent by Mrs. Tom. M'Intyre. 33 Medallion Centre Silk Shawl, with pine border and corners. Circa 1840. Lent by John Robertson. 34 Printed Figured Shawl, with pine corners. Circa 1830-40. Lent by Miss Gilmour. 35 Harness Shawl, white centre and tracery corners. Circa 1840. Lent by Robert Cochr.\n. X 642 TEXTILE FABRICS 36 Paisley Shawl, hood centre. Circa 1840. Lent by John Robertson. 37 Paisley Shawl, blue and white centre. Lent by J. A. M'Laren. 38 Paisley Shawl, red centre. Circa 1840-50. Lent by Miss Breeze, 39 Harness Shawl, white centre and tracery corners. Circa 1840-50. Lent by the Committee op the Paisley Free Library and Museum. WALL CASE 11. Paisley Shawl, compartment centre. Circa 1860. Lent by John Robertson. Silk Shawl, pine filling. Lent by Miss J. Macfarlane. Harness Plaid, white centre. Circa 1860. Lent by Robert Cochran. Paisley Silk Filled Shawl. Lent by W. B. Neilson. Gauze Striped Silk Shawl, pine filling and conventional border. Circa 1860. Lent by John Robertson. WALL CASE 12. 45 Harness Plaid, black centre. Circa 1860. Lent by Robert Cochran. 46 Silk Striped Gauze Shawl, pine border. Circa 1860. Lent by Robert Cochran. 47 Paisley Harness Plaid. Lent by Miss J. Macfarlane. 48 Harness Plaid (Norfolk stripe). Lent by Mrs. Robert Dunn. 49 Paisley Shawl. Duplicate of Queen Alexandra's Wedding Shawl, presented by people of Paisley as wedding gift in 1863. Lent by Miss Caroline C. M'Haffie. 50 Harness Filled Plaid. Circa 1860. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library AND Museum. 51 Silk Striped Gauze Shawl, pine border. Circa 1860. Lent by John Robertson. 40 41 42 43 44 EAST GALLERY 643 WALL CASE 13. 52 Harness Plaid, red centre. Circa 1860. Lent by Mrs. Craig Barr. 53 Silk Gauze Gossamer Long Shawl. Circa 1860. Lent by John Robertson. 54 Harness Filled Plaid. Circa 18G2. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library and Museum. 55 Harness Printed Filled Shawl. Lent by Mrs. Craig Bare. 56 Harness Filled Plaid. Circa 1870. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library and Museum. TOP OF WALL CASES 8-13, WES7' WALL. LOCOMOTION. 1 A Sedan Chair. Lent by Peterhead Museum. A Sedan chair is a portable covered vehicle for carrying a single person, borne on two poles by two men. A third man was in attendance, to relieve the porter who was first tired. At night this extra man carried the torch or link, by which the progress of the chair through the otherwise nnlighted streets was regulated. The name is derived from the town of Sedan, where these chairs were first in use, though some say they really came from Naples. The first Duke of Buckingham introduced them to England in the reign of James VI. and I., and gave great otfence in the doing of it. " See," said the grumblers, "how the favourite of the king now makes his fellow-countrymen do the work of beasts." Sedan chairs v.^ere largely used in the eighteenth century, being well adapted for carrying persons in the elaborate dress of the period to the balls or events of the fashionable com- munity. They became quickly popular, and every person of distinction had his own sedan handsomely fitted up. In Edin- burgh they were far more numerous than the hackney coaches, and almost all of them were in the hands of the Highlanders. In Glasgow they were not so numerous : some always stood for hire at the Renfield end of Drury Street : and the vaulted hall on the ground-floor of the old Athenaeum in Ingram Street was designed for the storage of the chairs, while the owners enjoyed the dance in the Assembly Rooms above. — W. G. 2 Exact Model of MacMillan's first Rear-driving Safety Bicycle. Lent by Maxweltown Observatory Committee. 3 Old Wooden Bicycle. Lent by the Dundee Free Library. 644 LOCOMOTION 4 Old " Boneshaker,'' made at Stobs, near Hawick. Lent by the Hawick Museum 5 Early Steel Bicycle. Lent by D. M. Lowson. The bicycle came from France soon after the battle of Waterloo. At first it was composed of two heavy wooden wheels of equal diameter, one behind another, and joined by a wooden bar on which the rider's seat was placed. Motion was obtained by pushing the feet agaiust the ground. Little jDrogress was made for fifty years, till in 1869 M. Michaux of Paris made a front or driving wheel much larger than the hind wheel. Then M. Magee, anotlier Parisian, constructed a bicycle made entirely of steel. The principle of crank action attached to a revolving axle then came in, and bicycling was revolution- ized. Solid rubber tyres next appeared, with the object of preventing jolting, while the use of ballbearings, pneumatic tyres, and wheels of equal size followed. Skating used to be esteemed the quickest means of locomotion possessed by men ; but the bicycle, leading to the motor-car, and that to aviation has long since left that simple pastime far behind.— W. G. RELICS OF SCOTTISH EXPLORERS. I. BRUCE, JAMES, OF KINNAIRD, 1730-1794. Great African explorer ; travelled in Abyssinia ; discovered the source of the Blue Nile ; made explorations in Nubia. Travelled also in Spain, Portugal and Crete. Consul at Algiers in 1763. 1 Map inscribed to the King. This map- -containing a chart of the Arabian Gulf, with its Egyptian, Abyssinian, and Arabian coasts from Suez to the Straits of Babelmandel ; a journey through Abyssinia to the fountains of the Nile ; now first discovered the course of that river from its source to the Mediterranean, and his return through the great desert of Nubia, all laid down from actual observation with the largest and most perfect instruments — is most humbly inscribed by your majesty's most dutiful and most faithful subject and servant, James Bruce. Lent by the Eael of Elgin, K.G. 2 Map inscribed to the Right Rev. Father in God, John, Lord Bishop of Carlisle. This map, shewing the track of Solomon's fleet in their three years' voyage from the Elanitic Gulf to Ophir and 'J'arshish, the necessity of employing in it that space of time, is dedicated by his most obedient servant, James Bruce. Lent by the Earl of Elgin, K.G. 3 Photograph of James Bruce, Kinnaird and Abyssinia. Lent by Royal Geographical SociETr. EAST GALLERY 645 4 Cup out of which James Bruce of Kiunaird drank at the source of the Nile. 5 Telescope used by James Bruce. With this telescope James Bruce made all his observations on his voyage and travels through Abyssinia to the fountains of the Mile. 6 Architectural drawing by James Bruce. 7 Architectural drawing by James Bruce. 8 Portrait of James Bruce. 9 Painting by James Bruce. Walkuffa. " This tree grows in the Kolla, or hottest part of Abyssinia. I do not know any other name it has, nor do [ know the signification of that name in any language. Although the painting of this tree, which I here exhibit, is neither more nor less accurate in the delineation of its parts than every other design of natural beauty of the su)}ject itself has induced me to bestow much more pains upon it than any other I have published, and, according to my judgment, it is the best executed in this collection. All its parts are so distinctly figured, the flower exposed in such variety of directions, that it supersedes the necessity of describing it to the skilful botanist, who will find here everything he possibly could in the flower itself." iJescription by James Bruce. 10 Painting by James Bruce. Fennec. "This beautiful animal has lately much excited the curi- osity and exercised the pens rather than the judgment of some naturalists. Its name all over Africa is El Fennec ; such was the name of that I first saw at Algiers ; such it is called in many Arabian books that have described it. He has a very sly and wily appearance. But as he is a solitary animal, and not gregarious, as he has no particular mark of feebleness about him, no shift or particular cunning which might occasion Solomon to qualify him as wise ; as he builds his nest upon trees, and not on the rock, he cannot be the Saphan of the Scrij)ture, as some, both Jews and Arabians, not sufficiently attentive to the qualities attri- buted to that animal, liave nevertheless erroneously imagined." Description by James Bruce. 11 Painting by James Bruce. Sheregrig. "This bird is one of those called Bollier in French, and in English, without either nation being able to say what is its signification in either language, its true name, in its native country, is Sheregrig, and by this name it is known in Syria and Arabia, and in the low cotmtry of Abyssinia, on the borders of Sennaar, wherever there are meadows or long grass, interspersed with lofty or shady trees. There are two difterent kinds of this bird in Syria considerably varying in colours, the brown of the back being considerably darker in that of the Syriac, and the blue much deeper, chiefly on its wings, the back of the head likewise brown, 646 RELICS OF SCOTTISH EXPLORERS with very little pale blue throughout any part of it, and wanting the two long feathers in the tail. It is a fly- catcher or bee-eater of which these long feathers are tlie mark," Description by James Bruce. 12 Cloak and Cap of Feathers, which belonged to chief who murdered Captain Cook. These were presented to James Bruce. Nos. 4-12 inclusive lent by the Earl of Elgin, K.G. II. MOFFAT, ROBERT, 1795-1883. Missionary ; sent to Namaqualand ; established a mission station among the Matabeles ; translated the Old and New Testaments and "Pilgrim's Progress" into the Secliwana lan- guage ; explored a large section of Africa ; the pioneer of South African mission work. 13 Sextant. 14 Compass. 15 Portrait of Robert Moffat at 20 years of age. 16 „ „ 40 17 „ „ 80 18 Photograph of Cottage at Carron Shore, the home of Robert Moffat in his boyhood. 19 Cruden's Concordance. 20 Transcribed Lectures on Theology, and 21 Missionary Work by Rev. W. Roby and Dr. Bogue ; trans- cribed by Robert Moffat in 1817. 22 Luke's Gospel in Sechwana. First translation of Scripture, 1830, by Moffat. 23 Complete Sechwana Bible, 1872, by Moffat. Nos. 13-23 inclusive lent by Miss Jan.e G. Moffat. III. LIVINGSTONE, DAVID, 1813-1873. Missionary and explorer ; discovered Lake Ngami and the Zambesi in the centre of Africa ; undertook a great exploration from Cape Town northwards through AVest-Central Africa to Loanda and back to Quilimane ; commanded expedition to explore Eastern and Central Africa ; discovered Lakes Shirwa and Nyasa ; made an expedition to solve the question of the Nile basin ; discovered Lake Bangweolo ; reached Ujiji explored the cannibal country and returned almost dying to Ujiji, where he was rescued by Stanley ; made further explora- tions to discover the sources of the Nile ; died in a village in the Ilala country. EAST GALLERY 647 24 Pocket Case of Instruments. Lent by J. B.'Hilliard. 25 Bible. Lent by J. B. Hilliard. 26 Kaross or Sleeping-rug sent by Dr. Livingstone to Glasgow, 1846. Lent by D. P. Livingstone. 27 Photographs of Dr. Livingstone's original Maps (four). 28 Boat's Compass used by Dr. Livingstone on his first journey. 29 One Leaf from tree under which Dr. Livingstone's heart is buried in Central Africa. 30 Chair used by Dr. Livingstone during his expedition to Lake Nyassa. 31 Photograph of Tree. 32 Slave Chains. 33 Large Oil Painting. Nos. 28-33 inclusive lent by Royal GEOGRArriicAL Society. 34 An original Map of the south west of Lake Nyassa compared with recent Map of Lake Nyassa. Drawn about 1859, by Dr. Livingstone. Lent by William Stanford, per Royal Scottish Geographical Society. 35 An original Map (unfinished proof), Lake Ngami to Algoa Bay. Lent by Rev. Dr. R. Wardlaw Thompson. 36 Replica of the Livingstone Medal of R.S. struck in memory of Dr. Livingstone and presented by Mrs. Livingstone Bruce. Reproduced by permission of Royal Scottish Geographical Society. 37 Dr. Livingstone's Watch in Wooden Case. 38 Pocket made by Dr. Livingstone out of Barter Cloth, in order to preserve his Bible. 39 Dr. Livingstone's Aneroid Barometer. 40 Bible in possession of Dr. Livingstone on his last journey in Central Africa. The volume contains, in addition to the authorized version, and metrical Psalms and Pharaplirases, the English Prayer Book and the metrical Psalms of Tate and Brady. It was given to him bv the late Dr. Stewart of Lovedale, July, 1865. 41 Pocket Pincushion and Horn Spoons, used by Dr. Livingstone in Africa. 648 RELICS OF SCOTTISH EXPLORERS 42 Cast of the Bone of Dr. Livingstone's Arm, made by Sir Wm. Fergnsson at Westminster, to show the injury due to the bite of the lion, whereby the body was identified wlien brought home to Britain in 1874. There is an ununited oblique fracture of the humerus. 43 Booklet, composed of margins of pamphlets sewn together, on which Dr. Livingstone wrote his journal when his supply of Note-books became exhausted in the Manyueme country — date, August, 1870 {vide "Last Journals of Dr. Livingstone," vol. ii. cap. 2). 44 One of the small Note-books used by Dr. Livingstone (July- Oct., 1861). It contains sketch maps of route, drawings, and a great variety of notes on the places he visited and the people he met. 45 One of Dr. Livingstone's less important Journals, comprising the end of his Zambesi Exploration Journey, his return to Britain via Bombay, his stay at home. 1865-6. 46 Tartan-covered Blotter, used by Dr. Livingstone in Africa. 47 Ink-bottle and Pens used by Dr. Livingstone during his African Travels in the compilation of his Journals. 48 The last entry made by Dr. Livingstone in his Diary before his death at Chitambo's Village, Ilala, Central Africa, April 27, 1873. At the end of this book is a pencil entry by one of the native boys, Jacob Wainright, which appears to be the commencement of an Inventory of the Doctor's pos- sessions at th& time of his death. 49 Dr. Livingstone's Thermometer. 50 Dr. Livingstone's Parallel Rulers, used in making maps of Africa 51 Hanging Chinese Lantern, used by Dr. Livingstone in Central Africa, and by which he wrote or read at night after sunset. 52 Instrument used by Dr. Livingstone in mapping out his route in Africa. 53 Pistol belonging to Dr. Livingstone. 54 Revolver used by Dr. Livingstone in Central Africa. 55 Powder Flask and Box of Caps belonging to Dr. Livingstone. _^56 Set of Field-glasses in Case, used by Dr. Livingstone in Africa. Nos. 37-56 inclusive lent by Mrs. Livingstone Wilson, lY. PARK, MUNGO, 1771-1806. Explorer; explored the course of the Niger River; proceeded up the Gambia to Sego ; made a second journey to the Niger and reached Bambakoo ; while proceeding down the Niger perished with all his men at Boussa. EAST GALLEilY 649 57 Engraving of Mungo Park, African Traveller. Lent by Miss Peddie. 58 Pair of Shoe Buckles worn bv Mungo Park. Lent by Hawick Museum. y. DR. COWAN. 59 Backsword Avitli pierced basket-hilt of unusual design. Blade with one long flute. Dr. Cowan, when exploring in Africa, died of fever on the Limpopo River in 1808. The sword was kept by the chief of the village in which he died, and his son gave it to Mufta*^, the missionary. Lent by the Duke of Atholl. VL LITHGOW, WILLIAM, 1582-1645 (?). Traveller ; made a journey in Germany, Bohemia, Helvetia, and the Low Countries ; claimed to have walked 36,000 miles in Europe, Asia, Africa; published "The Totall Discourse of the Rare Adventures and painfull Peregrinations of long Nine- teeiie Years" ; tortured by the Inquisition in Spain. 60 Book of Travels of William Lithgow. Lent by Professor John Glaister, M.D. VII. JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER KEITH (The Younger), 1844-1879. Geographer ; acted in the Paraguay survey ; died Avhile leading Royal Geographical Society's expedition to Lake Nyassa. 61 Portrait of Alexander Keith Johnston, Junior. Lent by G. H. Johnston. 62 Long Wooden Spoon sent honie from East Africa. Lent by G. H. Johnston. VIII. THOMSON, JOSEPH, 1858-1894. Accompanied the Keith Johnston expedition to Ceutral Africa, on Johnston's death became its leader ; opened up route between east coast and north shore of Victoria Nyanza ; led an exploration p;irty in South Africa. 63 Cast of Slab from monument to Joseph Thomson. 64 Medallion. 65 Plaster Bust. Nos. 63-65 lent by the Royal Scottish Geographical Society. RELICS OF SCOTTISH EXPLORERS Framed Photograph. Royal Geographical Medal (gold). Royal Scottish Geographical Medal (silver). University Medal (bronze). Expedition Medal (bronze). Compass. " Wasai " Journal. Nos. 66-72 inclusive lent by Robert Thomson. IX. GRANT, COLONEL JAMES AUGUSTUS, 1827-1892. Explorer ; accompanied John Hanning Speke in African exploration ; went from Uganda to falls of Karuma, Faloro, and Gondokoro, and so discovered one of the sources of the Nile ; was with the 78th Highlanders at relief of Lucknow. 73 Photograph of Colonel James Augustus Grant, and chart show- ing the region explored by him. X. DUFF, SIR MOUNTSTUART E. GRANT, d. 1906. Duff had an extensive knowledge of the geography of Europe and India. He was Governor of Madras, and was President of the Royal Geograj^hical Society from 1889 to 1893. 74 Photograph of Right Hon. Sir Mountstuart Grant Duff, and chart showing the region explored by him. XL BURNES, SIR ALEXANDER, 1805-1841. Served in the Indian Army ; explored in Central Asia, making important discoveries ; determined the position of Bokhara and Balkh, as well as the Himalayas. 75 Photograph of Sir Alexander Barnes, and chart showing the region explored by him. XII. STUART, JOHN M'DOUALL, 1805-1866. Explorer ; conducted several expeditions into the interior of Australia ; Stuart Creek named after him. 76 Photograph of John M'Douall Stuart, and chart showing the region explored by him. XIII. CLAPPERTON, CAPTAIN HUGH, 1788-1827. Explorer ; made a journey from the Mediterranean coast to a point to the west of Lake Tchad ; explored twice in Nigeria ; died at Sokoto. 650 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 EAST GALLERY 651 77 Photograph of Captain Hugh Clapperton, and chart showing the region explored by him. XIV. MURCHISON, SIR RODERICK IMPEY, BART., K.C.B., D.C.L., 1792-1871. Geographer and geologist ; travelled extensively in Portugal, Sicily, Germany, Russia, Scandinavia, and Finland ; Director of H.M. Geological Survey of Great Britain ; President of Royal Geographical Society. 78 Engraving of Sir Roderick I. Murchison. Nos. 73-78 inclusive lent by Royal Geographical Society. XY. JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER KEITH, 1804-1871. Geographer ; but a strong predilection for design caused him to become apprenticed to an engraver ; from youth an attentive student of geography ; the result of well-directed industry was the publication of "National Atlas" in folio, "Physical Atlas," a work characterised as " one of the most magnificent monu- ments which the scientific genius of the nineteenth century has raised." 79 Portrait of Alexander Keith Johnston, LL.D., Geographer to Queen Victoria ; born 1804 ; died 1871. Lent by G. H. Johnston. XVL ROSS, SIR JOHN, 1777-1856. Arctic Explorer ; served in the Navy ; commanded an expedition in search of the North-West Passage ; determined with accuracy the situation of Baffin's Bay, and rediscovered Lancaster Sound ; surveyed Boothia Peninsula, Gulf of Boothia, and King William Land ; discovered North Magnetic Pole (v. J. C. Ross) ; at the age of 72 undertook a search for Sir John Franklin. 80 Photograph of Water-colour of Sir John Ross. Lent by Royal Geographical Society. 81 Pennon of Sir John Ross flown on the " Felix " when in search of Sir John Franklin. Lent by Mrs. Penman. 82 Prayer-Book used by Sir John Ross. Lent by Grierson's Museum, Thornhill, Dumfriesshiie. XVII. RICHARDSON, SIR JOHN, 1787-1865. Arctic Explorer ; surgeon in the navy ; accompanied Franklin on two Arctic voyages ; explored the region of the Coppermine River and Great Slave Lake ; conducted a search expedition for Franklin, Author of Zoology of " Erebus " and " Terror." 83 Medallion Portrait in plaster of Sir John Richardson. Lent by Sir Joseph D. Hooker, O.M., F.R.S., etc. 652 RELICS OF SCOTTISH EXPLORERS 84 Telescope used by Sir Jolm Richardson in Arctic Regions. Lent by Joseph Corrie. XIX. BROWN, DR. ROBERT, 1842-1895. Explorer and naturalist ; commander of the first Government expedition for the exploration of Vancouver Island, 1864 ; travelled extensively in Arctic Regions ; in 1867 took part in first attempt to penetrate inland ice of Greenland. Brown's Range, Vancouver Island, named after him. 85 Portrait of Dr. Robert Brovv^n. Lent by Royal Geographical Society. 86 Portrait of Dr. Robert Brown. 87 Boiling-point Thermometer. 88 Small Indian Bow with two arrows. 89 Britisher made by Indians out of soft stone. 90 Flute made by Indians out of soft stone. 91 Small circular Box made by Indians. 92 Small model of Kayac made by an Esquimaux. 93 Small Leatherwork Purse made by Esquimaux — Danish influ- ence evident. Lent by Mrs. Robert Brown. XX. RAE, JOHN, 1813-1893. Arctic Explorer ; surgeon in the Hudson Bay Company ; with the first expedition in search of Franklin ; commanded another search party examining Wollaston Land ; obtained the first knowledge of Franklin's fate from the natives of West Coast of Boothia. Rae Strait and Rae Isthmus named after him. Relics of Dr. John Rae and others illustrative of Dr. Rae's great work as the first discoverer of the remains of the Franklin Expedition. 94 Signed Engraving of Dr. John Rae (copy). Lent by Mrs. John Rae. 95 Pocket Knife used by Dr. John Rae and presented by Mrs. Rae to Dr. W. S. Bruce. Lent by Dr. W. S. Bruce. 96 Gold Pencil-case used by Dr. John Rae. Lent by Professor Rudmose Brown. 97 Sledge. EAST GALLERY 653 98 Hand-drawn Chart. 99 Tins and Papers. 100 Relics from the " Forfarshire " (?). Nos. 97-100 inclusive lent by the Dudhope Pauk Museum, Dundee. XXI. WEDDELL, JAMES, 1787-1834. Antarctic Explorer ; navigator ; commanded Leith sealing ships in Antarctic Ocean ; explored the South Shetlands and South Orkneys, and reached 74° 15' S. in the Weddell Sea without sighting land ; published " Voyage towards the South Pole " ; Weddell Sea named after him. 101 Two Books bound in one by Captain Weddell, presented by him to his cousin, the lender's grandmother (both signed). 102 Two Water-coloured Paintings from sketches by Captain Weddell. 103 Captain Weddell's Gold Chronometer, presented to him by the Admiralty. 104 Captain Weddell's Silver Compass. Nos. 101-104 inclusive lent by George J. Limont. 105 Chart of "Jane" and " Beaufoy," by Captain James Weddelh 100 Chart of Southern Hemisphere, by Captain James Weddell. 107 Chart of South Orkneys, by Captain James Weddell. Compare with recent Chart of South Orkneys by Dr. Bruce. 108 Framed Engraving of brig "Jane" and cutter "Beaufoy," 74° 15' S., 24th February, 1823, sketch by Captain James WeddelL 109 Framed Engraving of South Orkneys and other islands visited by Captain James Weddell. 110 Framed Engraving of False Sea Leopard or Weidell's seal, drawn by Captain James Weddell. 111 Coloured picture of a Man and Woman of Tierra del Fuego, drawn by Captain James Weddell. Nos. 105-111 inclusive lent by Dr. William S. Bruce. 112 Portrait of Captain James Weddell, painted by P. G. Dodd, presented to the Royal Scottish Geogra})hical Society by J. Allan Brown, Esq. Lent by the Royal Scottish Geographical Society. 113 Brig "Jane" and Cutter "Beaufoy," in the latitude 74" 15' South, returning northward, 2bth Feb., 1823. Lent by Dr. William S. Bruce. 114 Brig "Jane" and Cutter "Beaufoy," in Indian Cove, Tierra del Fuego. Lent by Dr. William S. Bruce. 654 RELICS OF SCOTTISH EXPLORERS XXII. ROSS, SIR JAMES CLARK, 1800-18C2. Polar Explorer ; engaged with Captain Parry in fonr Arctic voyages ; also, with his uncle. Sir John Ross, planted British flag on and took magnetic observations at North Magnetic Pole ; commanded the "Erebus "and "Terror" in Antarctic regions, discovered Victoria Land and Mount Erebus ; Ross Sea and Ross Ice-bij.rrier named after him. 115 Medallion Portrait of Sir James Clarke Ross in plaster by Mr. Smith, brother of Lieutenant Smith of the " Erebus." 116 Engraving of Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S. XXIIL HOOKER, SIR JOSEPH DALTON, G.C.S.I., O.M., M.D., F.R.S., etc., 1817. Eminent naturalist and explorer ; educated at High School and University of Glasgow ; surgeon and naturalist to H.M.S. Erebus in British Antarctic Expedition, 1839-43 ; travelled as naturalist in Himalayas, Eastern Bengal, Khasia Mountains, etc., 1847-51 ; Syria and Palestine, 1860 ; Morocco and Greater Atlas, 1871 ; Rocky Mountains and California, 1877 ; Director of Royal Gardens, Kew, 1865-1885 ; President, Royal Society, 1872-77. 117 Antarctic Snowy Petrel, taken by Sir Joseph D. Hooker on board H.M.S. " Erebus," 1840. 118 Bronze Medallion of Sir J. Dalton Hooker, O.M., F.R.S., in 1898, surgeon and naturalist of the " Erebus," 1839-1844, by F. Bowcher. 119 Oil Painting of Sir Joseph D. Hooker, O.M., F.R.S., 1909, surgeon and naturalist of the " Erebus," by Miss Enid Cook. 120 Water-colour Painting of H.M.SS. "Erebus" and "Terror," Jan. 20th, 1842, during a gale in the pack, by J. E. Davis, R.N., second Master of the "Terror." 121 Water-colour Painting of H.M.SS. "Erebus" and "Terror," among icebergs, by J. E. Davis, R.N., second Master of the " Terror." 122 Photograph of Painting by R. B. Beechey, H.M.SS. "Erebus" and "Terror" in a gale in the pack ice. 123 Photograph of painting of H.M.SS. "Erebus" and "Terror " escaping from the icebergs, by R. B. Beechey. 124 Water-colour Painting of H.M.SS. "Erebus" and "Terror" in the pack, by J. E. Davis, R.N., second Master of the " Terror." (The frame is made out of the oak of the "Erebus'" rudder, which was smashed in the pack.) 125 Black and white Water-colour of H.M.SS. "Erebus" and "Terror," off the Ross Barrier, by J. E. Davis, R.N., second Master of the " Terror." EAST GALLERY 655 126 Water-colour Painting of H.M.SS. " Erebus " and "Terror" and iceberg, by J. E. Davis, R.N., second Master of the " Terror." Two Water-colour Paintings, by W. Fitch, of plants collected and described by Sir J. ]). Hooker during H.M.S. " Erebus' " voyage to the Antarctic, 1839-43. 127 Chrysobactron Rossii Hook, fil. iTi i 128 Pleurophyllium speciosum Hook, fil. / ^"^Kiana isianas. 129 Flora Antarctica, by Sir Joseph D. Hooker, 2 vols. 130 Cryptogamia Antarctica, by Sir Joseph D. Hooker, 1 vol. Nos. 115-130 inclusive lent by Sir Joseph D. Hooker, O.M., F.Pv.S., etc. 131 Wedgwood Medallion of Sir Joseph D. Hooker, surgeon and naturalist to the " Erebus." Lent by Dr. W. S. Bruce. XXIV. THOMPSON, SIR WYVILLE. Oceanographer ai\d naturalist ; director of the expedition of H.M.S. "Challenger" to explore the oceans and seas of the XXV. MURRAY, SIR JOHN, K.O.B., F.R.S., 1841. Oceanographer ; naturalist with the " Challenger " expedition and subsequently the Editor of the Reports. He has recently been engaged in a bathymetrical survey of the Fresh Water Lochs of Scotland. XXVI. BUCHANAN, JOHN YOUNG, M.A., F.R.S., of Dowanhill, 1844. Chemist and physicist to the " Challenger " expedition, and subsequently Lecturer in Geograjjhy to the University of Cambridge. 132 Framed Picture of H.M.S. " Challenger." 133 Framed Picture of Sir Wyville Thomson. Lent by Dr. W. S. Bruce. 134 Buchanan ])eep-sea Water-bottle used on board H.M.S. " Challenger." 135 Framed two groups of "Challenger" Exjjedition, othcers and staff. 136 Vol. 31, Zoology of the Scientific Reports of the Voyage of the " Challenger." (One of fifty similar volumes.) 137 Voyage of the "Challenger, North Atlantic, vol. 1, by Sir Wyville Thomson. 656 RELICS OF SCOTTISH EXPLORERS 138 Sanii)]es of Deep sea Deposits taken by "Challenger." 139 Track map, H.M.S. "Challenger," showing dredging at,d trawl- ing stations. Lent ])y Sir John Murray, K.C.B., F.R.S. 140 Portrait of Sir John Murray, F.R.S., K.C.B. Lent by Dr. W. S. Bruce. 141 Sample Plates from "Challenger" Reports. Lent by Sir John Murray. 1^2a Portrait of Mr. J. Y. Buchanan, M.A., F.R.S., chemist and physicist of "Challenger" expedition. Ji Ditto on board S.Y. "Princesse Alice." c Two framed groups on H.M.S. " ( 'hallenger " with Keys. XXVII. MACKAY, ALEXANDER, 1849 1890. Missionary ; did much to fuitlier knowledge, geographical and ethnological, of Uganda. 143 Map showing Alexander Mackay s Travels. XXVIIL LAIRD, MACGRECOR, 1808-18G1. West African explorer ; explored extensively the Niger and Chadda rivers ; established trading stations on the Niger ; one of tlie founders of The British and North American Steam Navigation Company. 144 Map showing Macgregor Laird's Travels. XXIX. SIMPSON, THOMAS, 1808-1840. Arctic explorer ; second in command of the Hudson Bay Company's expedition under Peter Warren Dease. 145 Map showing Thomas Simpson's Travels. XXX. MACKENZIE, SIR ALEXANDER, 1755(0-1820. Explored North America ; explored the then unknown North-west, started from Chippewayan on Lake Athabasca with the object of reaching the Paeitic coast ; tracked the Mackenzie river to its outlet ; first European to cross North America from ocean to ocean. 146 Map showing Sir Alexander Mackenzie's Travels. XXXL BOGLE, GEORGE, 1746-1781. One of the earliest explorers of Thibet. 147 Map showing George Bogle's Travels EAST GALLERY 657 XXXIL FKASEll, JAMES BAILLIE, 1783-1 85G. Explored Nepal as far as the sources of the Ganges and Jumna, and travelled tiirough Kurdistan to Tabris, from Semlin to Constantinople, and from Stamboul to Teheran, 148 Map showing James Bail lie Eraser's Travels. XXXIII. LANDSBOROUGH, WILLIAM, -1886. Australian Explorer ; explored much in Queensland and the Gulf of Carpentaria. 149 Map showing William Landsborough's Travels. XXXIV. MACKENZIE, COLONEL COLIN, 1753(0-1821. Geographer ; surveyed Mysore ; Surveyor-General of India ; made valuable collections of Indian antiquities, inscriptions and manuscripts. 150 Map showing Colin Mackenzie's Travels. XXXV. MAXWELL, SIR MURRAY, 1775 1831. Explorer ; served in Navy as officer ; served with distinction in the West Indies ; explored the Gulf of Pechili, west coast of Corea, and the Loo-Choo Islands. 151 Map showing Sir Murray Maxwell's Travels. XXXVI. MITCHELL, SIR THOMAS LIVINGSTONE D.C.L., 1792-1855. Australian ex])lorer ; served in the Peninsular War ; Sur- veyor-General New South Wales ; made four exi)lorations into the interior of Australia ; proved the junction of the Murray and Darling Rivers. 152 Map showing Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell's Travels. XXXVIL SMITH, SIR ROBERT MURDOCH, 1835-1900. Major-General, archaeologist, and diplomatist ; commanded party of sappers which accompanied archaeological expedition under Newton to Asia Minor, and discovered site of mausoleum at Halicarnass'is ; director of Persian telegraph at Teheran ; director of Science and Art Museum, Edinburgh ; published archaeological and other writings. 153 Map showing Sir Robert Murdoch Smith's Travels. XXXVIIL WOOD, JOHN, 1811-1871. Geographer ; issued reports on geography of Kabul Valley ; discovered source of the Oxus. 154 Map showing John Wood's Travels. 658 RELICS OF SCOTTISH EXPLORERS XXXIX. BAIKIE, WILLIAM BALFOUR, 1825-1864. Surgeon and naturalist ; with the Laird expedition to the Niger ; made many additions to knowledge of the geography and philology of Africa. 155 Map showing William Balfour Baikie's Travels. XL. DAVIDSON, JOHN, 1797-1836. African traveller ; physician to the Sultanate of Morocco ; murdered in the great desert at Swekeza, on his way to Timbuctoo. 156 Map showing John Davidson's Travels. XLL DRUMMOND, HENRY, 1851-1897. Lecturer in Natural Science at the Fiee Church College, Glasgow ; published " Natural Law in the Spiritual World " ; made scientific exploiation of Lake Nyasa and Tanganyika district for African Lakes Corporation, and published "Tropical Africa." 157 Map showing Henry Drummond's Travels. XLIL DUNCAN, JOHN, 1803-1849. African traveller ; with Niger Expedition, 1842 ; reached Adofidial in Dahomey ; published "Travels in Western Africa.' 158 Map showing John Duncan's Travels. XLIII. LAING, ALEXANDER GORDON, 1793-1826. African exf)lorer ; dispatched to the Kambian and Mandingo countries to ascertain native sentiment regarding the slave trade ; undertook expedition to ascertain source and course of Niger ; first European to enter Timbuctoo ; murdered by Arabs near Aruan. 159 Map showing Alexander Gordon Laing's Travels. ON NORTH WALL. OLD SCOTTISH ARCHITECTURAL EXHIBITS. (See Catalogue for Mid Gallery.) MASONIC EXHIBITS. (See under Masonic Section^ vide postea.) EAST GALLERY 659 CASE 1. MEDICINE AND VETERINARY CASE. Medicine is rapidly progressive ; so much so, indeed, that instruments and books in connection with it grow old in a very short time. Old medical books are too often mere lumber, and old instruments regarded as of no value. It has been found impossible to get together a display of these that would be of interest to the medical archaeologist But the instruments used by Dr. Mackenzie, the most noted ophthalmic surgeon of his day : those of Dr. William Hunter, who founded the Hunterian Museum in the University of Glasgow : and the Lsennec stethoscope, lent by the kindness of Professor Gemmell, M.D., ought to appeal to the student of medicine who is interested in the history of his art. It should be recognised by the profession, hoAvever, that the apparatus of to-day will be ancient in 20 years' time : and an attempt might well be made to form a collection of instruments in recent or current use, for, in course of time, these will become impossible to procure. A few early veterinary instruments are shown in this case, and a few primitive scientific devices. 1 Instrument for producing fire by compressed air. It is of brass, and consists of a piston working in a cylinder. In the point of the piston is placed a piece of cotton thread. The piston is then driven quickly into the cylinder, and instantly withdraAvn, when the thread is found to be incandescent, and able to ignite touch paper or tinder. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 2 Two Fleams or Knives for bleeding cattle, over 100 years old. Lent by J. J. W. Lamb. 3 Two Fleams or Knives for bleeding cattle, over 100 j-earsold. Lent by J. J. W. Lainib. 4 Set of four Fleams and one hook in steel, enclosed in brass, handle inscribed "Proctor." Used in bleeding cattle. Lent by the Univeesity of Aberdeen. 5 Set of three Fleams in brass case. Lent by "\Vm. Chapman. 6 Trocar and Canula for tapping cattle when filled with wind. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 7 Dentist's Old Key. Lent by J. J. W. Lamb. 8 Wooden Mallet, for use with fleams. Lent by Wm. Chapman 9 Two Fleams, in horn case, with wooden mallet. Lent by 660 10 MEDICINE AND VETERINARY CASE Bone Syringe in papier mache case. Lent by Dr. Ernest Thomson. 11 Case of Ophthalmic Instruments used by Dr. Wm. Mackenzie A M 'fr'^'i ^^^^^^ ^^^^ Thomas Reid to Dr. A. Maitland Ramsay. Lent by Dr. A. Maitland Ramsay. 12 Case of Medical Instruments which belonged to Dr. William Hunter, founder of the Hunterian Museum, University or Glasgow. Lent by the University of Glasgow. 13 Three Tortoise Shell Handled Vaccination Lancets one mother of pearl lancet. Lent by Dr. Ernest Thomson. 14 Old Trepanning Instrument. Lent by the Montrose Museum. 15 Lsennec's Stethoscope. Lent by Prop. Samson Gemmell, M.D. The Stethoscope was invented by Rene Theodore Hyacynthe Lsennec (1781-1826), and introduced by him in 1819. For some time previous to that date, the physicians of Paris had adopted the practice of applying the ear over the region of the heart, for the purpose of listening to the sounds of that organ. It struck Lsennec that if he rolled up some paper in the form of a cylinder and applied it over the heart region, he might hear the sounds more distinctly than if he applied his ear to the chest direct. He did so, and with such success that he proceeded to construct a wooden cylinder for the same purpose. This he made rather more than 12 inches long and had it perforated from end to end. That portion which was applied to the chest had a movable piece of conical form which fitted into the cylinder. This was withdrawn by the observer when the sounds of respira- tion were observed, but when the sounds of the heart and of the voice were under examination, the complete instru- ment was employed. Portability was secured by makino- it screw oS into two halves, but notwithstanding this it was found to be inconveniently large and heavy. Piorry modified it to the form now so well known— that of a narrow cylinder seven inches long, with an expansion at one end for applying to the chest, and a flattened sur- face at the other for the ear of the listener. 16 Box of Weights, lid inscribed " John Whyt, 1742." Lent by John S. Napier. 17 Box of Weights. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 18 Pestle of Iron. Lent by Rev. D, G. Barron, EAST GALLERY 661 19 Mortar. Lent by John S. Napier. 20 Instrument for drawing teeth. Lent by the Montrose Museum. 21 Two Lancets, one with straight blackwood handle, one with blade folding into tortoise shell handle. Lent by Dr. Ernest Thomson. 22 Pewter Syringe. Lent by Dr. Ernest Thomson. 23 Pulse Glasses (with cases) used before the introduction of watches with second hands. Lent by the Elgin and Morayshire Literary Association. 24 Eighteen-Second Pulse Sand Glass, in wooden case, with screwed cap. Lent by Dr. Ernest Thomson. 25 Traveller's Sun-Dial in brass. Found in Aberdeenshire. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 26 Nocturnal. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. A nocturnal was formerly used at sea to find the latitude and hour of the night by the altitude of the stars. The present instrument is of wood, and was made by William Smith in 1734. It consists of two circular plates, one of which is smaller than the other, and both of which revolve round a common perforated axis. The greater plate has a handle at one part of its periphery, by which the instrument has to be held. This plate is divided into twelve parts, one for each month of the year, and each month is subdivided so that a portion is marked off for every fifth day. There are six of these fifth parts in each month. The smaller plate is applied to the other nearer the axis. It is divided into two sets of twelve equal parts for the twenty-four hours of the day, and each part is subdivided into two for the half-hours. In the centre of the two circular applied plates is . adjusted a long index which projects beyond the peri- phery of the larger plate, and is movable upon the smaller plate. The three pieces, the two circular plates and the index, are held in place by a perforated rivet, through which is seen the star which is to be observed. 27 Iron Mortar. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 662 MEDICINE AND VETERINARY CASE 28 Old MoRTAEj found in a cave at Covesea, Morayshire, in 1883. Lent by the Elgin Literary Association. 29 Copy of the original Mortar of Gilbert Primrose, 1535-1615, principal surgeon to King James VI. and Anne of Den- mark, his Queen. An ancestor of Lord Rosebery. Lent by the Royal College or Surgeons, Edinburgh. 30 Stone Mortar, with four lugs. Lent by Dr. P. H. Gillies, Easdale. CHARM STONES AND WITCH STONES. In nations emerging from barbarism, to whom the arts of writ- ing and reading were unknown, only the imagination and the use of speech would be available. And if these people had the gift of poetry every glade and stream would be peopled by them with fauns and fairies, and every event outside their usual experience would be hailed as supernatural. To gain the favour of the good little folk, and avert the evil influence of the bad, was therefore a chief object in existence. So offerings were made to the deities, and incantations crooned to keep from harm the family, their cattle and their goods. What was effective to prevent evil would surely be effective to cure it, and thus began the use of charms in the treatment of disease. Pagan customs and beliefs long survived in Scotland, and are not yet extinct. But after the introduction of Christianity, the words of the incantations became "good" words, and were addressed chiefly to Christ and to the Virgin Mary. The power of evil was not always supernatural, it might exist in the nearest neighbour, or the traveller by day or night. Its possession made men and women feared and disliked. If, on his way to the shore, the fisherman met one with the Evil Eye, he turned at once to his home, for well he knew he would catch no fish that day. It was not safe to let the cow graze near the roadside, for some passer-by might " put his eye on her." If her milk supply failed she w^as certainly bewitched ; if the butter would not come to the churn, again it was witchcraft : the Evil Eye of some one was doing its deadly work. Of all charms used, stones and water proved the most effectual. The stones had to be smooth and water-worn, as perfect as possible in shape, and all the better if they were perforated : such stones were much sought after. If the "stone" were crystalline there is no saying where its power would end. Clach-na-suil is the stone (apple) of the eye. Many of the stones shown in this case closely resemble eyes. The use of such stones as charms may have arisen from the belief that a stone eye would be a powerful means of counteracting the evil influence of a living one. Silver, too, was good, and water which had been in contact with it — "silver wafer,'' as it was called — was much in request. EAST GALLERY 663 Bat where stones were bound in silver, and brought in contact with water, then the charm was, indeed, full of power. The water had to be from a sjDring, or from a march over which the dead and living went (a bridge over which foot passengers and funerals passed). It had to be clear and freshly drawn, sometimes a needle of bone was placed in it. Here again it was tlie eye of the needle which was used to counteract the evil influence of the living eye. The dish to be used in the charming was a wooden one, hollowed out of one piece, with wooden hoops, and with no nails or iron of any kind about it. Sometimes the stone eye was worn round the neck for its occult protective power. It was suspended by a cord which had first been soaked in alum, and as alum is used as a mordant in producing a red dye, a red, or at least a coloured cord, must be used on these occasions. Bunches of the stones were hung at the door of the home to keep the witches away, especially on Beltane eve, and the berries of the rowan and juniper, the horseshoe and the horseshoe nail, the sprinkling of the door- posts with urine, and the daubing of them with tar, were deemed certain means of protection from supernatural evils. The practice of suspending a charm round the neck was the origin of a similar custom when scrofulous children were touched by the Monarch for the cure of " King's Evil." Part of the ceremony consisted in hanging round the neck of the person touched a coin, thence called a " touch-piece." A beautiful series of these were sent for exhibition, but as they were not Scottish coins it was not found possible to display them. In Scotland rock-crystal was used from early times for magical purposes, and as an ornament. The sceptre of the Scottish regalia is surmounted by a globe of rock-crystal, and the mace of the Lord High Treasurer is similarly adorned, and has the surface of its crystal-globe cut into facets. The pendant portion of crozier of St. Fillan has in front of it an oval pebble of rock-crystal. The reliquary brooches of Lorn and of Ballo- chyle (now in the Palace of History), of Lochbuy, and of Ugadale, have each a large ])iece of rock-crystal on the top. Apart from the ornamental effect these crystals were believed to confer magical powers, and to render their wearers irresistible, especially in war. The most celebrated Scottish charm in rock-crystal is the Clach-na-hratach, or Stone of the Standard, which lias been in the possession of the Clan Donnacliaidh since 1315. It was always taken to the field of battle, and was first carried at Bannockburn, and last at Sheritfmuir. It is an unmounted ball of rock-crystal, nearly 2 inches in diameter, which has now a flaw in its interior, unknown till after Sherifl"muir The Clach Dearg^ or Stone of Ardvoirlich, closely resembles No. 62 in this case. It is a ball of rock-crystal, smaller than the Clach na-bratach, bound with four silver bands, and with a ring at the top for suspension. The ornamentation on the silver bands is different from that on No. 62. The Clach DJniai, or Stone of Power, belonged to the Campbells of Glenlyon. It, too, was a ball of rock-crystal, which brought good fortune to the owner, and the power to cure disease in man as in beast. The Keppocli Charm- 664 CHARM STONES AND WITCH STONES stone was held by the MacDonells of Keppocli and the Braes, and was an oval of rock-crystal, the size of a small egg, fixed in a Vjird's claw of silver, with a silver chain attached to it, by which it was suspended when about to be dipped. The Marquis of Breaclalbatie has a charm of rock-crystal set in silver, wliich was exhibited at the Glasgow Exhibition of 1888. The possession of charms like these by any family in a district was a matter for the closest secrecy ; a rumour of their existence would make the owner suspected by the Presbytery, and death, by burning, was the penalty reserved for dealers with witches, and magic, and cold Satan and all his ways. A man from Islay told Dr. Maclagan that " when he was young he knew well a woman who had the knowledge of the curing of toothache {solas deide). She was related to himself, and many a time she offered to teach him the words she used. She could teach them to a male, but not to a female. He was yonng at the time and did not like to learn them, for some people were saying tliat it was a sort of witchcraft ; but it was not that, for the words were all good words. They were taught to men by the Saviour, who first of all taught them to His mother. But it was so that this toothache cure is of no use after the second attack of toothache. It is hard to make it succeed even in the case of a second attack, but beyond this it can have no effect whatever." The toothaclie charm here referred to is, no doubt, similar to those shown in this case, in two ditt'erent forms.— W. (1. CASE 2. 1-35 A box of Scottish Charms, Amulets, and Pendants. Lent by Ludovic M"L. Mann. 1 A Flattish Pear shaped Pebble of Flint with a natural per- foration in the centre, round which is careful trimming. This stone was found in the island of Oronsay, and may here have been used us a charm or pendant in very early prehistoric times, as the trimmed surface has been subse- quently water-worn. It was picked up many years ago by a farmer in that island. The stone was long retained in the family of the finder, and after their removal to the mainland of Scotland, a member of the family gave it to the lender. 2 A Circular Fragment of Flint carefully trimmed in piehistorie times, retaining as a centre a natural perforation ; probably used as an amulet. Discovered in the soil, at Wigtownshire, in 1901. 3 A Pear-shaped Carefully-trimmed Flake of Flint, with natural perforation at the butt-end. Round this perforation a trimmed edge has been carefully worked. Probably used as an amulet in prehistoric times. Found on 16th July, 1901, in Wigtownshire. EAST GALLERY 665 4 A Small Flake of Flint trimmed in preliistovic times round a natural perforation in the butt end. Probably used as a charm or pendant. FouDd at Culgroat in May, 1906. 5 An Egg-shaped "Water- worn Pebble of Dark Quartz] te, used as a charm in Aberdeenshire. From the Sturrock Col- lection. 6 A Water- worn Pebble of Brownish Clay Slate, with two natural perforations made in the interior of the stone. On the flat side are engraved three parallel lines, above one of which is a carefully-sculptured baud. Used as a charm in the North of Scotland. From the Sturrock Collection. 7 A Pendant Ornament from Aberdeenshire, with the perforation eccentrically placed. From the Sturrock Collection. 8 A Thin Piece of Slate, with a central pin-hole perforation, pro- bably used as an amulet. Found in the south-west of Scotland in September, 1908. 9-34 Pebbles from different parts of Scotland, all artificially per- forated, some centrally, some eccentrically, some with notched periphery, some doubly peiforated ; used as pen- dant ornaments or aniulets. 35 A Large Pear-shaped Pebble of Dark Steatite with two obliquely-set carefully-bored perforations meeting in the centre, and each continued to the opposing side of the stone. Probably used as a charm. Found in the soil near Whithorn Abbey. 36 Seven Smooth Stones, oval or round, water- worn, but not per- forated. From the north and oast of Scotland. Lent by the Dudiiope Park Museum, Dundee. 37 Smootli Globular Stone Charm. Lent by the Dudiiope Park Museum, Dundee. 38 Flat Water-worn Oval Black Stone, used as a rain charm, and long in the possession of one family in Skye. The stone is said to be always more or less moist. Lent by Alexander A. Carmichael. 39 Large Smooth Circular Stone, used for protecting cattle from the effects of the evil eve; inscribed "Parturition Stone, 1566." From Ballater. " Lent by Mrs. Duguid. 40 A Flat Water- worn Oval Pebble of reddish quartzite, called the witching stone of Easter M'Leay, a reputed witch, who died at Bonar Bridge so late as 1800. Lent by Captain John Hope. 666 CHARM STONES AND WITCH STONES 41 Smooth Circular Black Stone, with perforation in the margin, used as a charm-stone for curing cattle in Lecroft parish, Perthshire. Lent by John E. Shearer. 42 Large Smooth Pear-shaped Perforated Stone, used as a charm. Lent bv the University of Aberdeen. 43 Quadrangular greyish Stone, with four perforations and "glans"-like head; used as a witching stone. Its penile form suggests that its favourite employment was in cases of sterility. Lent by Captain John Hope. 44 Tearna Moira, the Virgin's charm of deliverance. This charm was used by midwives, and placed in the hand of the parturient woman. The midwife then walked round the patient sunivise, chanting an invocation which, trans- lated, is : " Behold, Virgin, the woman on the sod of death, Behold her Thyself, Son, for Thine is the power To release the child and succour the woman." Lent by Alexander A. Carmichael. 45 A Flint Arrow Head, black with brown spots, mounted in gold for supension round the neck as a charm. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 46 A Small Arrow Head, deep yellow in colour, carried for many years on the person of a lady as a charm, and worn smooth by long use. Lent by James Smith. 47 A Very Fine Arrow Head, used as a charm. Lent by Peterhead Museum. 48 A Small Circular Smooth Stone, with central perforation, which which was suspended roun(l a child's neck to avert the evil eye. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 49 A Smooth Oval Spotted Stone, used as a " witching charm." Lent by Captain John Hope. 50 A Smooth Oval Stone, used as a charm. Lent by Captain John Hope. 51 A Smooth Oval Black Stone, from Orkney, used as a charm. Lent by Dr. W. Irvine Fortescue. 52 A Nut, probably of West Indian origin, washed ashore on the Hebridean coast, and used by the natives as a charm. Bound with crossed silver bands. Lent by Mrs. Carmichael. 53 A Globular Brown and White Water-worn Pebble, encircled with a broad silver band, which is inscribed : " Toad Stone, the Charm long used by the Mearns Witches. Bequeathed EAST GALLERY 667 by the last of them to Jean Donald, and by her to James Maxwell Graham, Esq., in 1813." (With black cord for suspension, probably added at a later date.) Lent by the University of Glasgow. 54 A Brown Heart-sliaped Flint, from the field of Culloden, per- forated, and with a gold ring for suspension. Used as a charm. Lent by Alexander Skene. 55 A Flint Arrow Head, encased in silver, with Celtic ornamen- tation on the back of the silver case, and with serrated margins in front : with "The Fairy Tower of Achnacone" inscribed on a written label attaclied to the ring. Lent by Lt.-CoI. A. K. Stewart of Achnacone. 56 A Horn, which belonged to the MacGregors, who were famed for witchcraft. Crude map-line carvings are on it, with "New York," "Albany," "Scinckcty," "Seratogo": the names of various forts, "Oswego" and "Lak Ontro" carved on it. The mouth of the horn is closed by a piece of wood. Probably dates at least from the American Rebellion. Lent by C. M. Stewart. 57 Ordinary Scrying Crystal. (Modern.) Lent by T. N. M. MacDonald. 58 Ordinary Scrying Crystal. (Modern.) Lent by Dr. William Gemmell. Nos. 57 and 58 are lent to show that superstition is by no means extinct in Scotland at the present day. 59 Two very fine Scottish Rock-Crystals, of undoubted antiquity, which have been in the possession of the MacDougalls of Lorn for generations. As charms they were held in great repute, and were used for curing disease, on the last occasion, in 1833. There is a tradition that they were brought from the Holy Land, but their very nature and use show that they are probably Scottish in origin. Lent by Major MacDougall. 60 A Charm Stone of native rock-crystal, encircled by a serrated silver band, with a simple incised ornamentation on it. Belonged to the MacGregors of Glengyle. Lent by Miss Annie M'Niven. 01 A Black Scrying Crystal. This is preferred by many over the clear translucent kind. Lent by Colonel and Mrs. Burnley Campbell. 62 A Large Crystal Charm, enclosed with crossed silver bands, and with a terminal ring for suspension. The bands have a very simple incised ornament in straight lines. A very fine example of a Scottish charm stone. Lent by Major John MacRae. 668 CHARM STONES AND WITCH STONES 63 Two Written Charms for the cure of toothache : from Caithness Tliese were to be worn under the clothing and over the heart. Lent hy Alexander Polson. 64 A Written Charm for the cure of toothache : from Wigtown- shire. Lent by LuDovic M'L. Mann. Nos. 63 and 64 are two of the five specimens known to exist in Scotland. 65 A Quartzite Pivot-Stone, presenting concentric rings and an umbilicus, from prolonged use. Frequently used as a charm stone owing to its peculiar shape. From Strathnairn, Invernesshire. Traditionally in the possession of one family for 300 years. Its chief power was believed to be in pre- serving cattle against illness. Lent by the Rev. Donald Shaw. 66 Heart-shaped Amulet of copper, jjierced with holes. From Aberdeenshire. After incantation it was hung round the neck as a love-charm, and was said to be irresistible. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. SNUFF MULLS. The manufacture of snuff is the most complex, tedious and difficult undertaking connected with the preparation of tobacco. It is now an art of relatively small importance : for a long time the use of snuff has been decreasing in all countries. In Scotland, in the eighteenth century, the habit of snufi" taking was almost universal, and it may be said with truth that every second Scotsman snuffed. The custom was introduced from France, Avhere it was extremely fashionable, and spread among all classes and among both sexes. Dr. Johnson, speaking of a Highland woman, whose cot he visited near Fort Augustus, says : ' ' We gave her a shilling, and she b&gged snuff : for snuff is the luxury of a Flighland cottage." The snuff box introduced from France (Nos. 175-176) was of papier-mache, and though light in weight, was shallow, of an awkward shape, and had no means of fastening the lid securely (Nos. 177-179). The snuff w^as soon spilled in the pocket, and a new kind of box had to be devised. Native workmen began to use the horn of cow or ram, and more rarely that of the deer, and. closed the opening with a leather plug. (No. 3.) But in pulling out the plug, the snuff was apt to be spilled, a consideration hurtful to the economic tendencies of the nation. A hinged lid was invented, the inner part of which was of tight-fitting cork. This vv-as mounted in silver, and embellished with the national emblem. The box was called a inull; but whether the name was derived from A.S. myl, dust (''mollius") or from mull, a point or promontory, is a point yet EAST GALLERY 669 undetermined. The characteristic shape of the box, whether straight or curled, makes the latter derivation a probable one. (Many examples.) A special mull had to be designed for a left handed or one handed person. (No. 73.) This had a pinch move- ment at the tip, and could be used with his left hand by a shepherd on a stormy night, while his right hand was engaged with the sheep. Boxes were soon made which were shorter and deeper than the originals, and in which the lid was fixed more securely than in them. The favourite shape was oblong, and this was still further improved when it was curved to adapt itself to the waistcoat pocket of the owner. Every variety of material was employed. Gold (No. 152), silver (Nos. 151, 154, 155, 157, 158), ivory (No. 205), tortoise shell (Nos. 163, 167, 168, 169, 210), leather (Nos. 165, 166), wood (Nos. 115, 195, 196, 199), bone (Nos. 159, 160, 161), alone or in combination were used, as the fancy of the artist and the purse of the purchaser dictated. Even a stone mull is shown (No. 12). The careful Scot was fond of pewter as a material for his snuff box. It did not cost much, and wore well. A favourite form was one made from a small hoof, and furnished with a pewter rim and lid. Boxes of this kind were made by a man called Durie, whose only touch was his name impressed on the under surface of the lid (No. 190) in rather large capitals. There is no doubt he was a Scottish craftsman, for the pieces he made are all of a purely Scottish character. About 1820, wooden snulf boxes of an improved type began to be made at Laurencekirk : they were the invention of a Mr. Stiv^en, and became highly popular. The wood used was that of the elm or plane tree : these were considered best for this purpose, by reason of their close texture. But the distinguishing excellence of the Laurencekirk snuff box lay in the hinge, which was ingenious in contrivance, as well as exquisitely delicate in execution. It became known as " the invisible wooden hinge." By its means the lid of the box was made to close tightly — a thing which had long been desired ; air was excluded from the snuff, and snuff from the pocket. The demand for the new snuff boxes was great, and, as they were prettily decorated, good prices were obtained. They were successfully imitated at Auchinlock, Cumnock and Mauchline in Ayrshire, and examples of them are found here (Nos. 180-187), and in the case which contains the Mauchline exhibits. Eccentric forms of snuff box are not uncommon. (Nos. 214 to 219.) Some are elaborately carved (Nos. 221, 222) ; some have odd mottoes on them (Nos. 66, 184, and 201b) ; some are double, being meant for two kinds of snuff (Nos. 163 and 224) ; some have historic associations (Nos. 150, 196, 210, 213); and one is a puzzle (No. 124). A dainty example is 161b, where a tiny silver box, with a minute silver spoon, is shown in a shagreen case, such as would hold a lady's thimble. 670 SNUFF MULLS Snuff taking was assisted by the use of a snuff spoon or snuff pen, of which various examples are on view. These were usually of ivory or bone, and single (Nos. 231-238), though inveterate slaves of the habit used a double spoon (Nos. 231-232) for the urgent supply of both nostrils at once. With the advent of Queen Victoria, snuff taking ceased to be fashionable, and the manufacture of snuff boxes declined; what was once a flourishing industry is now almost extinct. — W. G. CASE 3. 1 Horn Snuff Mull. Straight. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 2 Horn Snuff Mull. Straight, with lid. Lent by Alexander Blair. 3 Horn Snuff Mull. Straight, with plug. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 4 Horn Snuff Mull, with leather lid. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 5 Horn Snuff Mull, with cork and ivorj spoon attached by a leather thong. Lent by Ijewis Clapperton. 6 Horn Snuff Mull. Horn tip with hinge. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 7 Polished Horn Snuff Mull. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 8 Horn Snuff Mull. Straight, with pewter lid. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 9 Horn Snuff Mull. Straight, with brass lid. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 10 Horn Snuff Mull, brass-mounted. Lent by Francis C. Inglis. 11 Horn Snuff Mull. Straight; silver-mounted lid. Lent by John C. Stewart. 12 Stone Snuff Mull found near Bridge of Earn, Perthshire. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 13 Snuff Mull. Curved horn with lid. Lent by Francis C. Inglis. 14 Horn Snuff Mull. Curled tip; silver mount on lid. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 15 Horn Snuff Mull. Curled tip ; brass mount on lid. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. EAST GALLERY 671 16 Horn Snuff Mull. Brass mounts. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 17 Horn Snuff Mull. Horn lid ; brass rim. Lent by 18 Horn Snuff Mull. Silver ball on lid. Lent by Captain John Hope. 19 Horn Snuff Mull, with horn lid and silver hinge. Lent by Rev. Theodore Johnson. 20 Horn Snuff Mull, with copper hinge and mount. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 21 Horn Snuff Mull, with tortoise-shell lid and silver mount. Lent by John Breeze. 22 Horn Snuff Mull, with silver-mounted lid. Lent by Rev. R. Menzies Fergusson, D.D. 23 Snuff Mull of elm root, with monogram "A. H." Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 24 Lady's Horn Snuff Mull.- Lent by T. W. Dewar. 25 Curled Horn Snuff Mull, with silver lid. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 26 Curled Horn Snuff Mull, with silver mount. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 27 Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver-mounted lid. Lent by 28 Curled Horn Snuff Mull, with silver-mounted lid. Lent by Miss J. C. C. MacDonald. 29 Curled Horn Snuff Mull with silver-mounted lid and mason's mark on it. Lent by John Breeze. 30 Curled Horn Snuff Mull, with Afghanistan AVar Medal for lid, 1878-9-80. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 31 Curled Horn Snuff Mull, gold-mounted with thistle lid. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 32 Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver-mounted, Aberfeldy, 1811. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDon.\ld. 33 Curled Horn Snuff Mull, silver-mounted with pierced monogram on lid, 1777. Remounted, 1902. Lent by Captain John Hope. 34 Horn Thistle Snuff Mull. Lent by Alexander Blair. 35 Curled Horn Snuff Mull, with silver thistle hinge. Lent by John Breeze. 672 SNUFF MULLS 3G Small Curled Horn Snuff Mull, with silver thistle hinge and shield. Lent by John Breeze. 37 Curled Horn Snuff Mull, with silver thistle hinge. Lent by John Breeze. 38 Curled Horn Snuff Mull, with silver thistle hinge. Lent by John Breeze. 39 Curled Horn Snuff Mull, Avith silver thistle hinge. Lent by John Breeze. 40 Curled Horn Snuff Mull, with silver thistle hinge. Lent by John Breeze. 41 Curled Horn Snuff Mull, with silver thistle hinge. Lent by 42 Small Curled Horn Snuff Mull, with silver mount, Prince of Wales feathers. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 43 Curled Horn Sr>iUFF Mull, silver-mounted, with silver thistle on lid. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 44 Horn Snuff Mull. Silver mount. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 45 Straight Horn Snuff Mull. Silver mount with thistle and shield. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 46 Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver thistle hinge and engraved T.S., 1743. Lent by J. C. C. MacDonald. 47 Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver mount and thistle, date 1822. Lent by Alexander Blair. 48 Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver-mounted, 1822. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 49 Curled Horn Snuff Mull, with thistle hinge, 1822. Lent by 50 Small Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver rim, Bannockburn, 1828. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 51 Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver-mounted, Easter Ross, 1831. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 52 Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver thistle hinge with ruby stone, Perth, 1832. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. EAST GALLERY 673 53 Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver thistle hinge and motto ''Speed the plough," 1838. Lent by John Breeze. 54 Small Curled Horn Snuff Mitll. vSilver mount with thistle hinge and masonic mark, 1867. Lent by Mrs. K, L. MacDonalb. 55 Large Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver lid, 1766. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDon.\ld. 56 Large Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver-mounted with shield, Edinburgh, 1793. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 57 Straight Horn Snuff Mull, with silver thistle and shield, 1760. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 58 Straight Rough Horn Snuff Mull, with silver lid and tip. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 59 Small Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver-mounted cairngorm on lid. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDon.\ld. 60 Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver lid with cairngorm. Lent by Alexander Blair. 61 Curled Horn Snuff Mull, with chased silver lid and cairngorm. Lent by Miss MacFarlane. 62 Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver mount. Agate lid. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 63 Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver chased lid with cairngorm. Lent by 64 Small Curled Horn Snuff Mull, with silver thistle hinge. Lent by Rev. George Park. 65 Small Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Thistle hinge (silver) Lent by Rev. George Park. 66 Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver lid. With motto, "They who are not my friends in a pinch, are not worth a snuff." Lent by Rev. George Park. 67 Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver mounted with cairngorm. Lent by Rev. George Park. 68 Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver thistle hinge, 1834. Lent by Rev. George Park. 69 Curled Horn Snuff Mull, with silver thistle hinge, 1834. Lent by Rev. George Park. 70 Horn Snuff Mull. Silver lid with pink pebble. Lent by D. W. Hi slop. y ^74 SNUFF MULLS 71 Large Curled Horn Snuff Mull. Silver hinge and shield, 1812. Lent by Rev. Geokge Park. 72 Straight Horn Snuff Mull. Silver-mounted lid and tip. Lent by D. W. Hislop. 73 Left-handed (or one handed) Snuff Mull. Horn with pinch movement at tip. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 74 Snuff Horn, with pinch movement. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 75 Snuff Horn, with pinch movement. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 76 Horn Snuff Mull, with carved tip and holder for little finger. Lent by Mrs. Hamilton. 77 Plain Horn Snuff Mull. Suspending. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 78 Octagonal Snuff Box, with animal's head. Lent by Alexander Blair. 79 Small of same. Lent by Alexander Blair. 80 Horn Snuff Mull. Carved face. Lent by John Breeze. 81 Horn Snuff Mull, with dog's head carved ; thistle hinge. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 82 Horn Snuff Mull. Silver mount with Latin inscription, Amicitia hoc tibi dedit, " Friendship gave this to thee." Walrus head. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 83 Wooden Snuff Box. Frog shape. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 84 Horn Snuff Mull. Beak shaped, 1792. Lent by Mrs. Carmichael. 85 Horn Snuff Mull, with whistle at tip. Lent by T. W. Deavar. 86 Snuff Horn. Cow's hoof carved in shape of a rabbit. Lent by Alexander Blair. 87 Snuff Horn. Cow's hoof. Copper lid. Lent by Alexander Blair. 88 Stag's Hoof Horn Snuff Mull, with pewter mounts. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 89 Hoof Horn Snuff Mull, with pewter lid. Lent by F. C. Inglis. EAST GALLERY 675 90 Hoof Horn Snuff Mlll. Pewter lid. Lent by Alexander Blair. 91 Plain Horn Snuff Mull. Lent by Alexander Blair. 92 Snuff Mull. Boot shape. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 93 Top-boot Shape Snuff Mull. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 94 Top-boot Shape Snuff Mull of Horn, with lid. Lent by Charles E, Whitelaw. 95 Leg Shape Horn Snuff Mull. Lent by Charles E. Whitelav/. 96 Snuff Mull Horn, with leather lid. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 97 Horn Snuff Mull. Silver mount; swan shape tip. Lent by Mrs. Oliver. 98 Horn Snuff Mull, with ornamental copper spoon attached. Lent by Tom. Scott. 99 Horn Snuff Mull. Plain. Lent by Mrs. Hamilton. 100 Horn Snuff Mull. Pewter lid and thistle tip. Lent by T. W. Dewar. 101 Snuff Mull. After dinner; ''wild duck" tip. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 102 Horn (curved). On lid monogram and motto, "E'en do and spare not." Lent by Mrs. Scott. 103 Lady's Cuiled Horn Snuff Mull. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. 104 Small Curled Horn Snuff Mull, silver-mounted, with chain. Lent by Rev. George Park. 105 Snuff Mull or Mortar for pounding tobacco into snuff, with wooden pestle. Lent by Forres Museum. 106 Barrel Snuff Mull, with silver hoops, 1828. Lent by Incorporation of Coopers, Glasgow. 107 Large Horn Snuff Mull, silver-mounted, with snake's head tip. Lent by Harvie Anderson. 108 " Powder Horn " Snuff Mull, with silver lid and stone, and thistle tip. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 115 Wooden Snuff Box, made of oak from old Stockvvell Bridge, demolished in 1850. 676 SNUFF MULLS 109 After-dinner Snuff Mull, silver mounts, 1839. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 110 After-dinner Snuff Mull, with attachments. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 111 Ancient Leather Snuff Mull, with plug. Lent by Arbuthnot Museum, Peterhead. 112 Large Horn Snuff Mull, with attachments, serpent's head at tip. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 113 Large Horn Mull, pewter mounts. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 114 Maiichline Snuff Box, with top and bottom made of sixteen different oaks. Lent by George Stoddart. k from old Stockwell Brid^ Lent by C. R. Westlands. IIG Cow's Hoof Snuff Box. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. 117 Snuff Box, tortoise-shaped. Lent by Rev. J. B. A. Watt. 118 Shell Snuff Box, silver lid. Lent by D. W. Hi slop. 119 Shell Snuff Box, silver-mounted. Lent by D. W. Hislop. 120 Shell Snuff Box, silver mounts. Lent by D. W. Hislop. 121 Shell Snuff Box, with silver lid (chased). Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 122 After-dinner Horn, silver-mounted, with attachments, be- longing to Dalkeith Troop of Royal Midlothian Yeo- manry, 1819. 123 Shell Snuff Mull, silver lid, engraved. Lent by Wm. Laidlaw Purves. 124 Horn Snuff Box, puzzle brass lid. " Here let no man enter." Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 125 Brass Snuff Box (1751), Jacobean shape. Lent by Smith Institute, Stirling. 126 Horn Snuff Box, silver-mounted. "Industrious and bene- volent." Lent by Rev. George Park. EAST GALLERY 677 127 Wooden Snuff Box, ivory-mounted lid. Lent by His Grace the Duke of Atholl. 128 Horn Snuff Box, brass-mounted lid. Lent by Alexander Blair. 129 Wooden Snuff Box, silver mounts. Lent by Clan MacKay Society. 130 Silver-mounted Horn Snuff Box, Avith moss agate lid. Lent by T. W. Dewar. 131 Ivory Snuff Box, silver mounts. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. 132 Ivory Snuff Box, carved in shape of a Highlander in correct costume. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. Jacobean Sliajje, 133-149. 133 Lady's Ivory Snuff Box. Lent by Mrs. Young. 134 Ivory Snuff Box, silver mount. Lent by Leavis Clapperton. 135 Ivory Snuff Box, silver mounts; with initials, *'W. B.," 1742. Lent by Rev. George Park. 136 Ivory Snuff Box, silver lid. Lent by Alexander Blair. 137 Ivory Snuff Box, silver mounts; with initials "P. W." Lent by Miss MacDonald. 138 Tortoise Shell Snuff Box, with silver lid; with initials " P. D.'' Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 139 Wooden Snuff Box, silver mounts; crested shield, with motto '•' Virtu te." Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. 140 Wooden Snuff Box, silver mounts. Lent by Alexander Blair. 141 Small Silver Snuff Box, 1711. Lent by Mrs. Oliver. 142 Snuff Box, built of ivory and wood, with silver mounts. Lent by Rev. George Park. 143 Snuff Box, built of ivory and wood, silver mounts. Lent by Rev. x\lexander Cross. 144 Snuff Box, built of tortoise shell and mother of pearl. Lent by Charles E. W^hitelaw. 145 Snuff Box, composed of wood and silver. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. SNUFF MtJLLS 146 Snuff Box, horn, silver mounts. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 147 Snuff Box, wood, silver mount. Lent by Harvie Anderson. 148 Lady's Silver Perfume Box. Lent by Mrs. James Hamilton. 149 Lady's Silver Perfume Box. Lent by Alexander Blair. 150 Ivory Snuff Box, with Spoon, silver mounts, which belonged to Rev. Ebenr. Erskine. Lent by Mrs. Wardlaw. 151 Silver Snuff Box, cameo lid. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 152 Agate Snuff Box, with gold mountings. Lent by Mrs. K. L, MacDonald. 153 Snuff Box, mother of pearl and silver. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 154 Silver Snuff Box. With inscrijDtion : "Presented by Miss Burnside to James Robb." Lent by Robert Robb. 155 Silver Snuff Box, richly chased. Lent by Miss M'Farlane. 156 Silver Snuff Box, richly chased, 1837. Lent by Norman M. MacKean. 157 Silver Presentation Snuff Box, 1840. Lent by John Breeze. 158 Silver Snuff Box, horn bottom, heart shape. Lent by Robert Robb. 159 Snuff Box, white bone. Inscribed "P. G. ; Remember Me; W. F. L." Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 160 Snuff Box, hexagonal, oblong, white bone. Lent by Alexander Blair. 161 Snuff Box, white bone, oval. Lent by Alexander Blair. 161b Lady's Silver Snuff Box (18th century), with Spoon, in shagreen case. Lent by Geo. A. Bishop. 162 Snuff Box, in carved top of Avalking-stick. Lent by Misses Cochrane. 163 Double Snuff Box, tortoise shell, gold mount. Lent by Dr. MacGillivray. EAST GALLERY 679 164 Horn Snuff Box, pewter mount. Lent by Alexander Blair. 165 Silver-mounted Leather Snuff Box. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 166 Leather Snuff Box, 1849. Lent hj Lewis Clapperton. 167 Tortoise Shell Snuff Box, gold mount. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 168 Tortoise Shell Circular Snuff Box, with miniature of George III. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 169 Tortoise Shell Snuff Box. Lent by J. M'D. Black. 170 Impressed Horn Snuff Box, with Pebble. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 171 Circular Snuff Box, elm root, lined with tortoise shell ; por- trait of Harriet, Duchess of Sutherland. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 172 Japanned Circular Snuff Box, with miniature of Prince Charlie. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 173 Japanned Circular Snuff Box, with miniature. Lent by University of Glasgow. 174 Lacquer Snuff Box (small metal hinge). Subject, "The Thousand and One Nights." Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 175 Circular Snuff Box. Subject, "The Rape of Europa " (French). Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 176 Circular Snuff Box. " Les trois passions de I'homme " (French). Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 177 Circular Snuff Box. " Wi' kindly welcome, Jenny brings him ben." — Burns. lient by Mrs. James Hamilton. 178 Hand-painted Snuff Box (snuff box hinge), with initials I. P. H. Lent by Mrs. James Hamilton. 179 Hand-painted Circular Snuff Box. Figure subjects, "The Hypocrisy of Love." Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 180 Mauchline Snuff Box, inlaid in the Italian manner (snuff box hinge). Lent by R. Morrison. 680 SNUFF MULLS 181 Manchliiie Snuff Box. Figure subject, ''The Whistle" (Burns). Lent by Mrs. James Hamilton. 182 Mauchline Snuff Box. Figure subject, "Proposing a Toast." Lent by Alexander Blair. 183 Mauchline Snuff Box. ''Melrose Abbey. Acorns and oak leaves." Lent by Miss Christie. 184 Mauchline-like Snuff Box. " A body ganging at the plough, And cruning himsel' its weel enoug'." Lent by Alexander Blair. 185 Mauchline-like Snuff Box, brass mountings, ordinary hinge. Lent by Mrs. James Hamilton. 186 Mauchline Snuff Box, decorated sides and base, hunting scene on lid. Lent by A. W. Hedderwick. 187 Mauchline Snuff Box. Subject, " Auld Robin Gray." Lent by Alexander Blair. 188 Mauchline-like Snuff Box, decorated with gilt lines, ordi- nary metal hinge. Lent by Mrs. James Hamilton. 189 Mauchline Snuff Box, in dark check tartan. Stamped, " Smith, Mauchline, manufacturer to His Majesty." Snuff box hinge. Lent by Miss Christie. 190 Pewter Snuff Box, made from cow's hoof, containing a tooth, Avhich was used as a snuff spoon. Lent by Dr, William Gemmell. 191 Oblong Pewter Snuff Box, with highly decorated lid, sides, and base. Lent by Dr. William Gemmell. 192 Pewter Snuff Box, with decorated base, sides, and lid. Lent by Dr. William Gemmell. 193 Pewter Snuff Box, decorated on base and lid. Lent by Dr. William Gemmell. 194 Small Pewter Snuff Box, with decorated sides and base. The lid is highly decorated in a very graceful fashion. Lent by Dr. William Gemmell. 195 Snuff Box, made from the oak of Stockwell old bridge. Stamped "Black & Co." Snuff box hinge. Lent by A, W. Hedderwick. 196 Mauchline Snuff Box, made of wood which was part of the bed which stood "ben i' the spence " in Mossgiel. EAST GALLERY 681 Stamped, "Smith, Mauchliiie, manufacturer to His Majesty." Snuff box hinge. Lent by Alexander Blair. 197 Oblong Snuff Box, in dark wood, with hollowed sides. Snuff box hinge, broken. Lent by Mrs. James Hamilton, 198 Snuff Box, metal hinge. Lent by William Donald. 199 Amboyna Wood Snuff Box, lined tortoise shell. Snuff box hinge. Lent by Mrs. K, L. MacDonald. 200 Octagonal Snuff Box, elm root, lined tortoise shell. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 201 Mauchline Snuff Box. The pattern is much worn off the wood. Snuff box hinge. Lent by Mrs. M'Callum. 201b Cork Snuff Box, with inscription: " Tak a pinch and ask for Ballochmyle." Lent by Mrs. Jameo Hamilton. 202 Lady's Small Mauchline Snuff Box, with painting of game on lid. Snuff box hinge. Lent by Provand's Lordship Club. 203 Mauchline Snuff Box. Agate stone in border, inscribed : " From Jas. Duff, Esq., M.P., to A. Watt, 1854." Snuff box hinge. Lent by the late Rev. J. B. A. Watt. 204 Snuff Box, tortoise shell lid. Lent by Mrs. James Hamilton. 205 Snuff Box, ivory and tortoise shell lid. Lent by Mrs. James Hamilton. 206 Snuff Box, inlaid horn. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 207 Snuff Box, inlaid horn. Lent by Mrs. James Hamilton. 208 Snuff Box. Cover inlaid pebbles in silver mount. Lent by Alexander Blair. 209 Snuff Box, top inlaid. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 210 Tortoise Shell Snuff Box, said to have belonged to Prince Charles Edward. Lent by Glasgow Golf Club, Killermont. 211 Carved Snuff Box. "Willie brewed a peck o' maut." Lent by Mrs. James Hamilton. 212 Carved Snuff Box. " Tam o' Shanter and Souter Johnnie." Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 682 SNUFF MULLS 213 Snuff Box and Spoon, carved from block of wood from Culloden, Scottish sporting figures. Lent by Mrs. Cuthbert. 214 Wood Snuff Box, shoe shape. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 215 Snuff Box, lady's court shoe shape. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 216 The Deacon's Snuff Box, boot shape. Lent by Incorporation of Shoemakers, Dumfries. 217 Snuff Box, carved wooden twin shoe. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 218 Snuff Box, pair of boots, brass lid. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 219 Snuff Box, elm root, hedgehog shape. Lent by P. H. Barclay. 220 Snuff Box, elm root. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 221 Carved vv'ooden Snuff Box, with Scottish rustic figures. Lent by Alexander Blair. 222 Carved Snuff Box. " The Highland Reel." Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 223 Brass Snuff Box, inlaid mother of pearl. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 224 Double Snuff Box, brass, for differently scented snuff. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 225 Brass Snuff Box, curved. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 226 Brass Snuff Box, Masonic, 1806. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 227 Tin Snuff Box. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 228 Circular Snuff Box. View of Glasgow Cathedral. Lent by A. Francis Steuart. 229 Circular Snuff Box, made from wood from Glasgow Cathedral. Lent by Robert Lauder. 230 Table Snuff Mull, mounted in silver and set with ame- thysts and cairngorms. This was the work of Walter Baird, jeweller and silversmith, 72 Argyle Street, Glas- gow, and was shown by him at the Exhibition of all Nations, London, 1851. The head was that of a ram reared on the estate of the Duke of Hamilton. Lent by Mrs. MacKay. KAST GALLERY 683 SNUFF SPOONS. 231 Six Snuff Spoons, assorted. Lent by Alexander Blair. 232 Ten Snuff Spoons, Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 2S3 Bone Snuff Spoon. Lent by Wm. Adam. 234 Bone Snuff Spoon. Lent by Alexander Blair. 235 Bone Snuff Spoon. Lent by Mrs. James Hamilton. 236 Bone Snuff Spoon. Lent by A. H, Bishop. 237 Bone Snuff Spoon. Lent by Dr. Gillies. 238 Five Snuff Spoons, assorted. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 239 Two Brass Snuff Spoons. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 240 Two Steel Snuff Spoons, hammer shape. Lent by C. E, Whitelaw. 241 Horn Snuff Spoon. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 242 Four Snuff Pens. Lent by Mrs. C. C. S. Parsons. 243 Two Snuff Pens. Lent by Mrs. M 'Donald. 244 Snuff Trowel and Pipe Cleaner combined. Lent by INIrs. K. L. MacDon.\ld. 245 Brass Tobacco Box. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 246 Large Brass Tobacco Box, 1756. Lent by Arbuthnot Museum, Peterhead. PUNCH AND TODDY LADLES AND QUAICHS. The eighteenth century town-bred Scot was a convivial sonl, given to the formation of clubs and the haunting of taverns. In Edinburgh and Glasgow these taverns were numerous. House accommodation was restricted, and all social inter- course centred round the tavern. Glasgow had a large business with Virginia, and tobacco and rum of excellent quality were among the imports from the colony. The rum 684 PUNCH AND TODDY LADLES was drunk in the form of punch, for which in time, Glasgow became celebrated. Each tavern, each social body, often each individual who aspired to distinction, possessed a separate punch bowl and ladle : this conviviality penetrated all classes. After the Rebellion the importation of rum greatly diminished, and whisky — the wine of the Highland country — was used on social occasions. This, taken with hot water, formed toddy, a favourite beverage till within recent times. Various forms of punch ladles are shown in this case. The most striking and individual is that marked No. 2. Nos. 3, 4 (sauceboat shape), 8, and 18 are also very fine. Several have coins set in them, as Nos. 2, 18 and 19. Nos. 9 and 14 have each a copper bowl, while that of No. 21 is brass. Two are of pewter- — 20 and 20b. Many examples are of wood, a material more within reach of the purses of the citizens. Nos. 24 to 28 and 34 to 38 are the most elaborate. In toddy ladles there is a large variety, bone and wood being the materials chiefly employed. No. 78 were made by French prisoners in Ayr prison. No. 44 shows two wooden sugar bruisers, for use in preparing toddy. Nos. 65 to 67 are syphons or toddy lifters, a kind of pipette, by means of which the fluid was taken from a large to a smaller vessel without being spilled. — W. G. CASE 4. PUNCH AND TODDY LADLES. 1 Old Punch Ladle, silver, with ebony handle, silver-tipped. Lent by Sir Alan H. Seton Steuart. 2 Old Punch Ladle, silver shell, with gold papal coin let in, ebony handle, silver-tipped. Lent by Sir Alan H. Seton Steuart. 3 Punch Ladle, silver bowl, carved ivory handle. Lent by Mrs. MacCallum. 4 Toddy Ladle, silver, with sauce-boat-shaped bowl and ivory handle. Lent by Miss MacFarlane. 5 Silver Toddy Ladle, work of Charles Fowler, Elgin, 1790. Lent by Miss Shoolbred. 6 Silver Punch Ladle, twisted whalebone handle. Lent by Miss M. Pearson. 7 Silver Punch Ladle, used by Deacon Alexander Wyllie at the annual dinner of the Incorporation of Weavers, Glasgow ; period 1795. Lent by David Campbell. 8 Punch Ladle, antique scalloped bowl and spout. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 9 Punch Ladle, copper bowl, twisted bone handle. Lent by Mrs. MacCallum. EAST GALLERY 685 10 Antique Toddy Ladle, with whalebone handle. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 11 Antique Toddy Ladle, with wooden handle. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 12 Two Silver Toddy Lifters. Lent by Alexander Lockhart. 13 Small Toddy Ladle, twisted bone handle. Lent by Town Council of Dumfries. 14 Copper Toddy Ladle, twisted bone handle. Lent by Miss M. Pearson. 15 Antique Small Toddy Ladle, whalebone handle. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 15b Small Toddy Ladle, with twisted bone handle. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 16 Pewter Toddy Ladle. Lent by Alexander Blair. 17 Toddy Ladle, wooden Lowl, with silver rim and silver- mounted bone handle. Lent by A. W. Hedderwick. 18 Antique Toddy Ladle, with spout and Queen Anne coin inserted in bowl. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 19 Silver Punch Ladle, twisted whalebone handle, George II. coin inserted in bowl. Lent by A. W. Hedderwick. 20 Pewter Toddy Ladle, whalebone handle. Lent by R. Ker Ramsey. 20b Pewter Leaf-shaped Toddy Ladle, with wooden handle. Lent by Dr. William Gemmell. 21 Brass Toddy Ladle. Lent by Alexander Blair. 22 Brass Toddy Ladle. Lent by Mrs. K, L. MacDonald. 23 Small Silver Toddy Ladle, twisted bone handle. Lent by Alexander Blair. 24 Carved Wooden Punch Ladle, with spiral stem and thistle carved on bowl. Lent by A. W. Hedderwick. 25 Carved Wooden Punch Ladle, with dragon head handle. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 26 Wooden Punch Ladle, with snake head. Lent by J. J. W. Lamb, 686 PUNCH AND TODDY LADLES 27 Carved Wooden Punch Ladle, twisted handle. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 28 Wooden Punch Ladle, spiral handle. Lent by Peovand's Lordship Club. 29 Wooden Punch Ladle. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. 30 Large Wooden Punch Ladle. Lent by R. Ker Ramsey. 31 Large Wooden Punch Ladle. Lent by R. Ker Ramsey. 32 Wooden Punch Ladle, oblong bowl. Lent by A. B. Todd. 33 Large Wooden Punch Ladle. Lent by Pro v and 's Lordship Club. 34 Wooden Punch Ladle, carved, spiral handle ; oval bowl. Lent by Mrs. Napier. 35 Wooden Punch Ladle, carved, spiral handle ; oval bowl. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. 36 Wooden Punch Ladle, spiral handle. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 37 Large Wooden Punch Ladle, oval bowl. Lent by R. Ker Ramsey. 38 Large Wooden Punch Ladle. Lent by R. Ker Ramsey. 39 Wooden Punch Ladle and Sugar Crusher, said to have be- longed to "Rob Roy." Lent by Professor Glaister. 40 Wooden Punch Ladle. Lent by J. J. W. Lamb. 41 Large Wooden Punch Ladle. Lent by Francis Caird Inglis. 42 Wooden Punch Ladle. Lent by Francis Caird Inglis. 43 Large Wooden Punch Ladle. Lent by Provand's Lordship Club. 44 Two Sugar Crushers. Lent by Miss MacFarlane. 45 Small Wooden Toddy Ladle. Lent by R. Ker Ramsey. 46 Small Wooden Toddy Ladle, bone handle. Lent by Wm. Chapman. EAST GALLERY 687 47 Small Wooden Toddy Ijadle, with curious bowl. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. 48 Small Wooden Toddy Ladle, spiral handle, oval bowl. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 49 Small Wooden Toddy Ladle, plain handle. Lent by William Adam. 50 Small Wooden Toddy Ladle, spiral handle. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. 51 Small Wooden Toddy Ladle, plain handle. Lent by Miss M. Pearson. 52 Small Wooden Toddy Ladle, plain handle. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 53 Small Wooden Toddy Ladle. Lent by M. M. Miller. 54 Two Small Wooden Toddy Ladles. Lent by R. Ker Ramsey. 55 Large Wooden Punch Ladle, with small circular bowl. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 56 Large Wooden Punch Ladle, circular bowl. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 57 AVooden Punch Ladle. Lent by J. R. Moreton MacDonald. 58 Wooden Punch Ladle, circular bowl, date 1720. Lent by Mrs. David Baxter. 59 Small Wooden Toddy Ladle. Lent by R Ker Ramsey. 60 Small Wooden Toddy Ladle. Lent by Miss M. Pearson. 61 Wooden Toddy Ladle, circular bowl. Lent by Banff Museum. 62 Wooden Punch Ladle, spiral handle, with dragon head and oval boAvl. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. 63 Wooden Punch Ladle, spiral handle, oval bowl. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 64 Wooden Punch Ladle, silver-mounted bowl, thistle orna- ment. Lent by Charles E. Whitelaw. 65 Glass Toddy Lifter. Lent by Captain John Hope. 66 Glass Toddy Lifter. Lent by Lt.-Col. H. Burnley Campbell. 688 PUNCH AND TODDY LADLES 67 Glass Toddy Lifter. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 68 Large AVooden Punch Ladle, circular bowl. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 69 Large Wooden Punch Ladle, circular bowl. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 70 Large Wooden Punch Ladle, twisted handle. Lent by Alexander Blair. 71 Small Toddy Ladle, wooden bowl, whalebone handle. Lent by Alexander Blair. 72 Small Toddy Ladle, whalebone handle. Lent by James Smith. 73 Small Toddy Ladle, wooden bowl, bone handle. Lent by James Smith. 74 Small Toddy Ladle, white bone handle. Lent by Alexander Blair. 75 Small Toddy Ladle, white bone handle. Lent by Banff Museum. 76 Small Toddy Ladle, white bone. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 77 Small Toddy Ladle, white bone. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 78 Six Ivory Toddy Ladles, made by French prisoners in Ayr Prison. Lent by Rev. Robert Auld. 78a Large Wooden Punch Ladle, with oval bowl, twisted stem, and fiddle-like head. From Insch parish, Wigtownshire. Lent by J. N. Stewart. QUAICHS. A QUAICH (queych, quegh) is a shallow cup or drinking vessel, which has two ears for handles, is generally of wood, but is sometimes of silver. The name is from the Gaelic cuach, a cup or bowl, and the same word describes the hollow part of a bird's nest, and a smooth and rounded hollow lying among the hills. It is allied to the Greek Kvados, and the Latin Cyathus. There were three drinking vessels among the early Celts : (1) the Slioge or shell, (2) the Corn or drinking horn, and (3) the Cuach or cup. The shell was the oldest and simplest form, and is sometimes still used : then followed the drinking horn, made, with a little patience, from the horns of animals : finally came the quaich, which was due to the leisure moments of those who had no other occupation, in times of peace, than to tend their flocks and herds. Possibly the quaich or cuach, built up of different pieces, and these EAST GALLERY 689 held tightly together by bands, gave the first hint that barrels and vessels of greater capacity might be held together in the same way. The true quaich had only two lugs or handles. In later and more ornamental vessels a third or fourth handle was added. Two quaichs made from the " Wallace " tree at Tor- wood are shown. Both are very interesting. As examples of carefully built up quaichs, attention should be paid to Nos. 79, 88, 98, 105, 107, 108, and 113.— W. G. 79 Built-up Quaich. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 80 Small Wooden Quaich, four handles. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 81 Small Quaich, carved basket work. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 82 Small Quaich, carved basket work. Lent by Dr. Gillies. 83 Old AVooden Quaich. Lent by Mrs. Carmichael. 84 Horn Drinking Cup, with handles. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 85 Silver Quaich, Edinburgh mark, 1823-4. Lent by Miss J. C. C. Macdonald. 86 Wooden Quaich. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 87 Four-handled Quaich of wood. Lent by Theodore Napier. 88 Built Quaich, with silver band, engraved " G. B." Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 89 Horn Drinking Cup. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 90 Small Wooden Quaich, silver-mounted, with old coin. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 91 Small Wooden Quaich. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 92 Horn Drinking Cup, with ornament. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 93 Black Oak Quaich, from Rannoch. Lent by Rev. T. Ratcliff Barnett. 94 Wooden Quaich. , ri Lent by Dr. Gillies. 95 Horn Quaich. ^ ttt Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 090 QUAICHS 96 Wooden Quaich, with four handles. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 97 Horn Diunking Cup, dated 1781. Lent by 98 Largo Silver-mounted Wooden Quaich, with three handles and inscription in Gaelic: ''The man who never deserts his friend or his foe." On bottom : " Prosperity to the man who never deserts his companion." On handles: "Put it round." "Love and fellow- ship." Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 99 Horn Drinking Cup. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 100 Small Built Quaich, with Silver-lined Bowl, made of pieces of wood from various historic places. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 101 Drinking Horn, with mounted silver ornament of stag's head, and date 1739. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 102 Leather Drinking Cup or Quaich. This exhibit is unique. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 103 Brass Quaich. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 104 Quaich, wood and silver-mounted, four heraldic shields, engraved thistle rim, inscribed: "This cup is part of the oak tree in the Torwood, which was often an asylum to the immortal Wallace." "Drink of this and mark the footsteps of a hero " ; with Wallace's head and date 1795. (See also No. 120.) Lent by W. Meikle. 105 Built Quaich. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 106 Quaich, carved basket work, silver-mounted, and engraved squab and ase. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 107 Built Quaich, silver-mounted, engraved squab and ase. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 108 Bicker-shaped Quaich, with glass bottom. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 109 Quaich, carved basket work, inscribed " jpd 1725." Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 110 Drinking Horn. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 111 Silver Quaich. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. EAST GALLERY 091 112 Wooden Quaich. Lent by J. J. W. Lamb. 113 Fine Built Quaich, with alternate staves of mahogany and plane tree, hooped with withes; three handles. Lent by C. E. Whitela-w. 114 Wooden Quaich. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 115 Quaich of white metal. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 116 Silver-mounted Quaich. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 117 White Bone Drinking Cup. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 118 Carved Wooden Quaich, basket work, with thistle and lion ornament on handles. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 119 Wooden Quaich, two handles. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 120 The "Wallace" Quaich. (See also No. 104.) Inscription on silver rim, ending on each lug : Torwood, I wes cut, from that known tree. Where Wallace, from warrs toyls took sanct'arie ...Mars's sones, I'm only nou made fitt When with thee sones of Bacchus the shall sitt." Given by The Laird of Polmais to Sr Rob* Hamilton An: 1689. Lent by Lord Lamington. CASE 5. SPECTACLES AND CUTLERY. Spleuchdan is the word in Gaelic used to describe a pair of spectacles. Various forms of spectacles and pince-nez are shown, in- teresting by contrast with the optical luxuries of to-day. The pince-nez were sometimes called barnacles, presumably because they clung to the nose without the support afforded by the rims of spectacles. The favourite material used as a rim seems to have been iron. Leather occurs in one instance (No. 15), and recalls the pictures by Hogarth. Silver and gold for rims were exceptional, and much prized. AY. G. 1 Pince-nez, tortoise shell rims. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 2 Pince-nez, copper-rimmed. Lent by Mrs. Henderson. 692 SPECTACLES AND CUTLERY 3 Pince-nez, copper-rimmed. Lent by the Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. 4 Leather Pince-nez Case. Lent by the Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. 5 Pince-nez, metal-rimmed, with wood case (hand carved 6 Marked R.H. 1775." Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 7 Pince-nez, metal-rimmed, with wood case. 8 Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 9 Pince-nez, tortoise shell rimmed. Lent by William Adam. 10 Pince-nez, silver-rimmed; date, end of 18th century. Lent by David Cameron. 11 Pince-nez, gold-rimmed. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 12 Pocket Lorgnette, gold. Lent by Mrs. M'Callum. 13 Small Reading-glass, gold. Lent by Miss MacDonald. 14 Pince-nez, gold-rimmed. Lent by Miss MacDonald. 15 Pince-nez, gold-rimmed. Lent by Dr. M'Gillivray. 16 Spectacles, iron-rimmed. Lent by Alexander Blair. 17 Spectacles, iron-rimmed. Lent by Hawick Museum. 18 Spectacles, silver-rimmed, over 100 years old. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 19 Spectacles, iron-rimmed. Lent by Hawick Museum. 20 Spectacles, iron-rimmed. Lent by Alexander Blair. 21 Spectacles, iron-rimmed, over 100 years old. Lent by William Murray. 22 Spectacles, silver-rimmed. Lent by Town Council of Dumfries. 23 Spectacles, iron-rimmed. Lent by Hawick Museum. 24 Spectacles, iron-rimmed, with iron case. 25 Lent by William Chapman. EAST GALLERY 693 26 Spectacles, metal-rimmed. Lent by Hawick Museum. 27 Spectacles, iron-rimmed. Lent by William Adam. 28 Spectacles, tortoise shell rimmed. Lent by William Adam. 29 Spectacles, tortoise shell rimmed. Lent by Alexander Blair. 30 Spectacles, iron-rimmed. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 31 Spectacles, with coloured glasses, iron-rimmed. Lent by Alexander Blair. 32 Spectacles, bone and iron-rimmed, with iron case. These 33 were the spectacles of Thomas Boston. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 34 Spectacles, iron-rimmed, with leather case. 35 Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 36 Spectacles, brass-rimmed. Lent by Hawick Museum. 37 Spectacles, whalebone-rimmed. Lent by Major-General Sir Alex. J. F. Reid. 38 Spectacles, iron-rimmed, with wood case. 39 Lent by Arbroath Museum. 40 Spectacles, silver-rimmed. Lent by Alexander Blair. 41 Spectacles, silver-rimmed, with leather case. 42 Lent by Provand's Lordship Club. 43 Spectacles, silver-rimmed, with shagreen case. 44 Lent by William Johnston, Sen. 45 Spectacle Case, iron. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 46 Spectacles, silver-rimmed, with leather case. 47 Lent by George Morton. 48 Lens, used for examining woven cloth, with case. Lent by Alexander Blair. 49 Spectacles, silver-rimmed, with leather case. 50 Lent by William Donald. cm SPECTACLES AND CUTLERY 51 Spectacle Case, carved wood, with date 1691. Lent by Montrose Antiquarian Society. 52 Spectacles, silver-rimmed, with silver-mounted shagreen 53 case. Lent by John S. Napier. 54 Spectacles, silver-rimmed, with wood case. 55 Lent by Sir Alan Henry Seton Steuart. 56 Spectacles, silver-rimmed. Lent by Hawick Museum. 57 Two Pairs Spectacles, silver-rimmed. 58 Lent by Miss MacDonald. 59 Spectacles, tortoise shell rimmed, Avith leather case. 60 Lent by Miss MacDonald. 61 Two Pairs Spectacles, iron and horn-rimmed. 62 Lent by Hawick Museum. 63 Spectacles, iron-rimmed. Lent by Major-General Sir Alex. J. F. Reid. 64 Shoemaker's Palm, leather. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 65 Expanding Pincers or ''Lazy" Tongs, metal. These consist of a series of diagonal levers pivoted together in the middle and at the ends. This device allows the tongs to be extended by the simple movement of the scissors-like handles. In this way objects at a distance are easily seized. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 66 Handloom Spring Shears, used by weavers, brass and steel. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 66b Handloom Spring Shears, used by weavers. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 67 Three Eggspoons, tortoise shell. 68 69 Lent by Miss MacFarlane. 70 Egg Spoon, bone. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 71 Bone Spoon. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 72 Razor, with bone handle. Lent by Hawick Museum. EAST GALLERY 695 73 Two Razors, with leather handles. Lent by Hawick Museum. 75 Spliuchan or Tobacco Pouch, of bird skin, with written inscription : "A present for my Unkall William." Lent by 76 Napkin Ring, carved bone. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 77 Old Mauchline Stamp Box, wood. Lent by Mrs. Oliver. 78 Old Mauchline Wafer Box, wood. Lent by Mrs. Oliver. 79 Napkin Ring, carved bone. Lent by W^m. Chapman. 80 Patch Box, ivory and gold. When the application of patches to the face was fashionable among ladies, each had one or more boxes for holding them among her toilet equipment. Lent by Mrs. James Hamilton. 81 Patch Box, ivory with medallion. Lent by Mrs. James Hamilton. 82 Patch Box, wood. Lent by Mrs. James Hamilton. 83 Patch Box, ivory. Lent by Rev. J. B. A. Watt. 84 Spliuchan or Tobacco Pouch, skin. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 85 Spliuchan or Tobacco Pouch, skin. Lent by Miss M. M. Miller. 86 Tobacco Box, iron. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 87 Tobacco Box, engraved brass. Lent by A. C. Hilston. 88 Tobacco Box, engraved pewter. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 89 Tobacco Box, carved tortoise-shell. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald. 90 Tobacco Box, iron. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 91 Tobacco Cutter, brass. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 92 Match Box, engraved pewter. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 696 SPECTACLES AND CUTLERY 93 Card of Clay Pipes (wake or " dreggy pipes.) Lent by These clay pipes were used after funerals, and were known as " dregy pipes/' Bregy means (1) the funeral service itself, or (2) the Entertainment of the company after the interment. At funerals the fifth Psalm was chanted, in the ninth verse of which occurs the petition, "Domine, dirige nos," etc. The word " dirige " was repeated throughout the service as an antiphone. "When the company are about to return (from the interment) a part of them are selected to go back to the house, where all sorrow seems to be banished, and wine is filled about as fast as it can go round; till there is hardly a sober person among them. This last service they call the Brudgy, but I suppose they mean the Dirge, that is a service performed to a dead person some time after his death." Burt's Letters, I. 268-269.— W. G. 94 Match Box, wood. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 95 Tobacco Cutter, brass. Lent by Captain John Hope. 96 Combined Tobacco and Match Box, japanned tin. Lent by the Smith Institute, Stirling. 97 Small Meerschaum Pipe with amber mouthpiece ; in skin case. Lent by 98 Card of Clay Pipes (wake or " dredgie " pipes.) Formerly at funerals or " dredgies " in the Upper Ward of Lanark- shire, pipes and tobacco were handed round. The present specimens were got at dredgies in Lesmahagow, nearly a century ago. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 99 Tobacco Box, brass. Lent by Prof. L. R. Sutherland, M.B. 100 Five Clay Pipes (wake or "dreggy" pi23es.) Lent by the Provand's Lordship Club. 101 Six Clay Pipes (wake or " dreggy " pipes.) Lent by W^m. Chapman. 102 Tobacco Box, copper. Lent by Prof. L. R. Sutherland, M.B. 103 Two Pipes and Two Stacks. Lent by the Arbuthnott Museum, Peterhead. In Scotland, in the eighteenth century, the manners of the nation were rude and rough, and the fare was simple and limited. At table no carving knife and fork was needed, for the host simply unsheathed the one he carried with him, and with it cut up the meat, and handed the pieces round to EAST GALLERY 697 his guests. Juicy bones were held in the fingers, and sucked and picked till they were bare : after the meal water was handed to each person that he might cleanse his hands properly. Knives were scarce, and those who had them used them also as forks and spoons. In 1720 it is noted that ''it is indecent to fill the mouth too full" : "do not gnaw your bones too clean" : "drink out your glass, that others may not have your blown drink," in cases where one glass had to serve in turn a whole company. "Throw nothing on the floor: it is uncivil and disobliging." The habits of the peasantry were still more barbarous, and Burns may well have been in trepidation that day when he " sprachled up the brae " and " dinner'd wi' a lord." It is almost forgotten that the little town of Kilmaurs in Ayrshire, was once celebrated for its cutlery. It seems to have been a kind of Scottish Sheffield. In an account for 1697 there is an entry, "for 6 Kilmares knyfes, a fork, and caise, 3:0:0." This case was probably a sheath of leather into which these knives and the one fork were made to fit. Such a case is shown in No. 131. Another example is No. 144. Scholars of the 16th century used these " theca cuttelaria " for their knives, which every man carried upon his person. Kilmaurs cutlery is now very rare. Excellent specimens of it are shown in Nos. 141-145. The quality of cutlery made at Kilmaurs was so good that it passed into a proverb. Though the craftsmen have gone, their fame survives in the Ayrshire saying, "As gleg as a Kilmaurs whittle." This was so keen that it cut an inch before the point. — W. G. 104 Cutlery Case, made of fish skin. Lent by Bailie James Montgomery. 105 Two-pronged Fork. Lent by William Adam. 106 Knife, with wooden handle. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 107 Three Two-Pronged Forks. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 108 109 110 Two Knives, with bone handles. Ill Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 112 Two Two-Pronged Forks. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 113 114 One Three-Pronged Fork. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 115 One Knife. Lent by Wm. Chapman. SPECTACLES AND CUTLERY 116 One Two-Pronged Fork, left by the Highlanders in Broueh- ton Parish, 1745. ^ Lent by G. Deans Ritchie. 117 Two Teaspoons. Lent by Miss Yorston. 118 Small Two-Pronged Fork. Lent by Thomas Fraser Campbell. 119 Knife, and Two-Pronged Fork, with China handles. (Belonged to Professor Anderson, founder of Ander- son's College, Glasgow.) Lent by the Provand's Lordship Club. 120 Knife and Two-Pronged Fork, with silver handles, at least 150 years old. Lent by J. M'D. Black. 121 Knife and Two-Pronged Fork with bronze handles. Said to have belonged to Flora MacDonald. Lent by J. C. M'Crindle. 122 Large Giilly Knife with Fork. Lent by 123 Knife and Two-Pronged Fork, with silver handles (two sets.) 132 ^ Lent by Mrs. Ewing. 124 Carving Knife and Fork, with handles made from the tips of antlers. Lent by Mrs. Ewing. 125 JocKTELEG, or Folding Knife, with Fork and Spoon. Lent by Mrs. Ewing. Jocteleg : a clasp knife. "It was a faiilding jocteleg Or lang-kail gully." Burns : "Verses on Captain Grose's Peregrinations." "An gif the custocks sweet or sour, Wi' joctelegs they tast them." Burns: "Halloween." Gully — a large knife. Kail-gully = a cabbage knife. The word " jockteleg," which is still Scotch for a clasp- knife, was of unknown etymology till a knife was found with the inscription "Jacques de Liege" who was a famous cutler, and supplied Scotland with clasp-knives. It is said of James VI. that, to puzzle his courtiers in England, he one day said to his stable-boy, " Callan, hae, there's thretty pennies; gae wa and buy me a jockteleg; an' gin ye bide, I'll gang to the kippies o' the house, and tak a caber and reesle your riggin wi't," EAST GALLERY 69D 126 Penny Wedding Fork; about 200 years old. Lent by Rev. G. S. Mackay. 127 Folding Fork. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 128 Old Folding Knife, with flat blade. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 129 Knife and Fork, with silver handles. Lent by Miss M. Gordon Manners. 130 Two Small Silver Rat-tailed Tea Spoons. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 131 Leather Table Case, containing one large cutting knife, knife and fork, and other two small knives, wooden handles, silver-mounted. Lent by James Bruce. 133 Brass Spoon. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 134 Knife and Fork, with silver handles. Brigend, Alloway, A.D. 1711. Lent by Mrs. Oliver. 135 Two Two-Pronged Forks, with bone handles. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 136 Knife, with bone handle. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 137 Knife and Two-Pronged Fork, with bone handles. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 138 Brass Spoon. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 139 Two-Pronged Fork, with bone handle. Lent by 140 Brass Fork, with four prongs. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 141 A Small Fancy-handled Folding Knife, and Two-Pronged Fork. Made in Kilmaurs. Typical specimens jf the best class of Kilmaurs work, noAv exceedingly rare. Lent by Bailie James Montgomery. 142 Small Two-Pronged Knife and Fork, with bone handles. Lent by C. E. AVhitelaw. 143 A Two-Pronged Fork, with wood and brass handle. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 144 Leather Pocket Case, with knife and two-pronged fork mounted in silver. Made in Kilmaurs about 200 years ago, and bearing initials of the first owner, Mary Fairlie. Lent by G. W. Morton. 700 SPECTACLES AND CUTLERY 145 Small Folding Two-Pronged Fork, with bone handle. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 146 Pair Bronze Buckles. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 147 Two Old Shoe Buckles. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 147a FoiiK and Knife, 165 years old, which belonged to Wm. Neilson, Buchlyvie. Lent by Wm. B. Neilson. 148 A Horn Bodkin. From Lesniahagow. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 149 Bone Needle. Lent by the Univeiisity of Aberdeen. 149b Two Bone Bodkins. Lent by Mrs. C. C. S. Parsons. 150 Four Crotchet Hooks (1 copper, 3 bone.) Used in the Highlands of Scotland for knitting woollen gloves from wool spun by the distaff and spindle. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 151 Pewter Feeder. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 152 Brass Stamp for Aberdeen stockings; date 1745. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 153 Brass Stamp. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 154 Brass Nut Crackers. Lent by Prof. L. R. Sutherland, M.B. 155 Ancient Steel Crimper for crimping mutches. Lent by the Rev. T. Ratcliffe Barnett. 156 Antique Iron Pepper Castor. From Douglas, Lanarkshire. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 157 Enamelled Iron Sugar Tongs. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 158 Iron Spring Shears. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 159 Case with two Glass Perfume Bottles. Lent by John S. Napier. 160 Bodkin rudely formed of a splinter of bone of a small animal. From Lesniahagow. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 161 Steel Folding Cork Screw. (Could also be used with flint to obtain light.) Lent bv J. Graham Callendar. EAST GALLERY 701 162 Brass Thimble found in the south gable of Thornton HalL Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 163 Carved Wood Samp for embroidery. 18th century. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 164 Small Silver Nutmeg Grater, for carrying in pocket when nutmeg was taken with tea. Lent by M. M. Miller. 165 Pair Breeches Buckles, in silver. Lent by Dr. M'Gillivray. 166 Small Porcelain Patchbox, with mirror on inside of lid. Lent by John S. Napier. 167 Multiple Seal, in brass. Lent by Prof. L. R. Sutherland, M.B. 168 Six Shoe Buckles, two pairs and two odd. Lent by F. C. Inglis. 169 Pair Shoe Buckles, with ivory ornamentation. Lent by Mrs. Andrew Smith. LOOKS AND KEYS- Domestically, the earliest form of bar with which a door in Scotland was secured, was of wood. In a similar way, the earliest form of lock was of wood, and one of these is shown (No. 64). Wooden locks were afterwards strengthened with iron, all the parts most subject to strain being made of that metal. A lock entirely of iron was the next stage of development, and in castles and buildings of much size the locks Avere large. The largest at preseni: on view could not be got into this case, and will be found in Wall Case 4, No. 66. Certain French artificers came to Scotland after the marriages of James v., and their artistic genius was brought to bear on the ironwork of the country. Such examples as Nos. 11 and 66 could not be produced by the native workmen of the day, and the contrast between these and the craftsman- ship of the rest in the case is" striking. The simplest method of announcing an arrival, was to knock at the door with fist' or weapon. In time the tirling-pin was invented. (Nos. 3, 5, 8, etc.) This was sometimes called a rasp, from the nerve-destroying sound which was produced when the ring was rapidly drawn over the twisted bolt. A combination of door-handle, tirling-pin, and sneck is seen in No. 27. " We had purchased a tirling-pin, that old time precursor of knockers and bells : and we fastened it on the front door at once, taking turns at risping it until our own nerves wore shattered. . . . The twisted bar of 702 LOCKS AND KEYS iron stands out from the door, and the ring is drawn up and down over a series of nicks, making a rasping noise." — Penelope's ''Experiences in Scotland" (1906), p. 169. W. G. CASE 6. 1 Key, found in the .river Clyde, near Stockwell Bridge. Lent by the University of Glasgow. 2 Key and Bolt. Lent bv the Albert Institute, Dundee. 3 TiBLiNG Pin and Sneck. Lent by Tom. Scoti 4 Key. Lent by Tom. Scott. 5 TiRLiNG Pin, mounted on wood. Lent by Miss Christie. 6 Key. Lent by Tom. Scott. 7 Key. Lent by T. W. Dewar. 8 TiRLiNG Pin. Lent by Miss Christie. 9 Iron Key of Martyr David Steel's room. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 10 TiRLiNG Pin, mounted on wood. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 11 Key found under flooring of a room in Holyrood Palace. Lent by Miss M. S. Mather. 12 Lock from a room in Queen Mary's suite at Holyrood. Lent by John Inglis. 13 Iron Key. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 14 Iron Key. Lent by the Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. 15 Iron Tirling Pin and Sneck. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 16 Tirling Pin and Sneck, with bolt and latch, mounted on wood, from an old house in Dunfermline. Lent by Alexander Blair. 17 Check Key. Lent by the Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. 18 Check Key. Lent by the Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. EAST GALLERY 703 19 TiRLiNG Pin and Sneck. Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 20 Brass Key, issued by Paisley Water Company, to those who had paid their rates, to enable them to get water. Lent by John Ord. 21 Old Iron Key. Lent by Tom. Scott. 22 Tirling Pin and Sneck, mounted on wood. Lent by the Duke of Atholl. 23 Iron Key. Lent by the Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. 24 Iron Key. Lent by T. W. Dewar. 25 Iron Key. Lent by the Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. 26 Iron Door Plate, with initials "T.L," (John Laing) and date " 1760 " : from Fochabers. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 27 Iron Door Handle, Tirling Pin, and Sneck, from Harden House. Lent by John Inglis. 28 Large Iron Key. Lent by Tom. Scott. 29 Iron Door Plate, with date "1726" cut in it. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 30 Large Iron Key. Lent by T. W. Dewar. 31 Iron Door Plate, with "A.M., 1703" cut in it. L^nt by Tom. Scott. 32 Small Iron Padlock. Lent by the University of St. Andrews. 33 Old Lock. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw'. 34 Small Padlock. Lent by the University of St. Andrews. 35 Small Padlock, found in the Cathedral of Elgin. Lent by the Elgin and Moray Literary Association. 36 Lock and Key from the old door of Neidpath Castle, Peebles. Lent by the Chambers' Institute, Peebles. 37 Wooden Lock, from St. Kilda. Lent by Wm. Gowans and Co. 38 Old Iron Padlock, with beaten iron ornamentation. Lent by the late Rev. J. B. A. AVatt. 704 LOCKS AND KEYS 39 Small Padlock and Key. Lent by the United Colleges, St. Andrews. 40 Lock with bell. Lent by the Albert Institute, Dundee. 41 Padlock, from Dimnottar Castle. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 42 Reputed Lock of Carnock Church, Fife, whose minister was John Row, Historian, 1592-1646. Lent by John Allan. 43 Key of the old Castle of Inverness, blown up by the Jacobites in a.d. 1745. Lent by Dr. J. H. MacDonald. 44 Lock of the old Tolbooth at Peebles. Lent by Chambers' Institute, Peebles. 45 Old Iron Key. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 46 Small bronze Key. Lent by Mrs. Grossart. 47 Pair of old Iron Padlocks, used in Aberlady Churchyard at the time of the body-snatchers. Lent by J. J. W. Lamb. 48 Lock, from old property in Pollokshaws. Lent by Robert Stephen. 49 Five old Nails. Lent by the Falconer Museum, Forres. 50 Old Padlock. Lent by the Elgin and Moray Literary Association. 51 Old Lock from Pollokshaws. Lent by Robert Stephen. 52 Iron Key. Lent by Tom. Scott. 53 Iron Key. Lent by Tom. Scott. 54 Barrel Padlock with Key, from Perthshire. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 55 Padlock. Lent by the Banff Museum. 56 Old Padlock. Lent by the Banff Museum. 57 Padlock used for the Black Hole "in Elgin. Lent by the Elgin and Moray Literary Association. 58 Early Lock from Harden. Lent by John Inghs. EAST GALLERY 705 59 Old Padlock, barrel shaped, with staples. Lent by the Museum, Montrose. 60 Padlock, inlaid with brass. Lent by the Museum, Montiiose. 61 Triangular Padlock. Lent by the Museum, Montkose. 62 Padlock. Lent by the Museum, Monteose. 63 Barrel Padlock, from Perthshire. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 64 Old Wooden Lock, with bolt and key, from Skye. Lent by Alexander Carmichael. 65 Part of an old Lock. Lent by Mrs. C. C. S. Parsons. 66 Old Key, found 50 years ago in the house of Queen Marie de Guise, Leith. Lent bv Capt. Erank Napier. NEEDLEWORK SECTION. CASE 7. 1 Baby's Robe. Lent by Mrs. J. G. A. Baird. 2 Baby's Robe. Lent by Mrs. J. G. A. Baird. 3 Baby's Robe, embroidered muslin. Lent by Mrs. J. G. A. Baird. 4 Baby's Cap. Lent by Mrs. J. G. A. Batrd. 5 Baby's Cap. Lent by Mrs. J. G. A. Baird. 6 Baby's Cap. Lent by Mrs. J. G. A. Baird. CASE 8. 7 Infant's Robe. Lent by Sir Mark and Lady M'Taggart Stewart. 8 Lady's Collar. Lent by Sir Mark and Lady M'Tacjgart Stewart. 9 Handkerchief. Lent by Sir Mark and Lady M'Taggart Stewart. z NEEDLEWORK SECTION 10 Cuff. Lent by Sir Mark and Lady M'Taggart Stewart. 11 Six Infant's Caps (one is 200 hundred j^ears old). Lent by Sir Mark and Lady M'Taggart Stewart. 12 Specimens of Flowering Work. Lent by Sir Mark and Lady M'Taggart Stewart. 13 Handkerchief. Lent by Sir Mark and Lady M'Taggart Stewart. 14 Large Collar. Lent by Sir Mark and Lady M'Taggart Stewart. 15 Infant's Robe. Lent by Sir Mark and Lady M'Taggart Stewart. 16 Large Handkerchief. Lent by Sir Mark and Lady M'Taggart Stewart. 17 Collar. Lent by Sir Mark and Lady M'Taggart Stewart. 1 8 Lady's Collar. Lent by Sir Mark and Lady M'Taggart Stewart. 1 9 Lady's Collar. Lent by Sir Mark and Lady M'Taggart Stewart. 20 Lady's Collar. Lent by Sir Mark and Lady M'Taggart Stewart. 21 Specimens of Flowering Work. Lent by Sir Mark and Lady M'Taggart Stewart. CASE 9. 22 Infant's Robe. Lent by Mrs. George Fenton-Livingstone. 23 Lady's Collar. Lent by Mrs. Cecil G. Hay. 24 Lady's Collar. Lent by Mrs. Gavin M. Pratt. 25 Handkerchief. Lent by Miss Aitken. 26 Double Cape, sewn by mother of the lender and worn by her at the Eglinton Tournament. Lent by Mrs. Gavin M. Pratt. 27 Collar. Lent by Mrs. Scott. 28 Fichu. Lent by Mrs. Campbell Brunton. EAST GALLERY 707 29 Sleeve. 30 EOBE. 31 Handkerchief. 32 Collar. 33 Chemisette. 34 Handkerchief. 35 Handkerchief. 36 Child's Lace CUp. 37 Robe. 38 Chemisette. Lent by Miss Hamilton. Lent by Mrs. John Cunninghame. Lent by Miss Aitken. Lent by Miss Hamilton. Lent by Miss Hamilton. Lent by Miss Aitken. Lent by Miss Aitken. Lent by Miss Hector. Lent by Mrs. John Cunninghame. Lent by Miss Hamilton. 39 Tamboured Night Cap. 40 Specimen of Knitted Lace, 41 Robe. 42 Fichu. 43 Collar. 44 Handkerchief. 45 Baby's Cape, unmade, 46 Lace Cap. 47 Netted Cap. 48 Gent's Cap. CASE 10. Lent by Mrs. J. H. Parker. Lent by Elgin Public LiiiRARr. Lent by Mrs. Currie. Lent by Mrs. Scott. Lent by Mrs. Campbell Brunton. Lent by Miss Clinkskill. Lent by Mrs. Gavin M. Pratt. Lent by Mrs. Campbell Brunton. Lent by Elgin Museum. Lent by Miss Clinkskill. 708 NEEDLEWORK SECTION 49 Collar. Lent by Mrs, Campbell Brunton. 50 Handkerchief. Lent by the Trustees of the late J. O. Mitchell, LL.D. 51 Child's Short Dress. Lent by Miss Hector. 52 Large Fichu. 53 Mutch. 54 Mutch. 55 Neck Frill. 56 Lace Cap. 57 Netted Cap. 58 Netted Cap. 59 Netted Cap. Lent by Mrs. Campbell Brunton. Lent by Mrs. Fenton-Livingstone. Lent by Mrs. Fenton-Livingstone. Lent by Mrs. Campbell Brunton. Lent by Mrs. Campbell Brunton. Lent by Miss Clinkskill. Lent by Miss Clinkskill. Lent bv Miss Clinkskill. 60 Christening Cap, over 100 years old. Sewn by lender's grand- mother. Lent by Mrs. Gavin M. Pratt. 61 Robe. 62 Pair of Sleeves. 63 Child's Cap. Lent by Miss Hamilton. Lent by Mrs. Scott. Lent by Mrs. Gavin M. Pratt. CASE 11. 64 Bobbins used in Lace Making, and specimen of Lace Work. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 65 Bag made by Marion Spottiswood Bayley (Mrs. Balfour). Lent by Mrs. Cleland. 66 Crochet Silk Bag worked by Miss Jane Bonar of Kinnerghame. Lent by Mrs. Cleland. 67 Silk Crochet Bag, lined with white kid, worked by Marion Spottiswood Bayley (Mrs. Balfour). Lent by Mrs. Cleland. EAST GALLERY 709 68 Black Velvet Bag with Steel Embroidery. Lent by Mrs. Cleland. 69 Bead Work and Embroidered Bag. Lent by Mrs. Cleland. 70 Woolwork Bag, worked by Marion D. Baird (Mrs. Isaac Bayley). Lent by Mrs. Cleland. 71 Thirty-Six Designs for Flowering Work. Lent by Elgin Museum. 72 Children's Samplers. Lent by the Elgin Public Library. 73 Six Bead Purses. Lent by the Elgin Public Library. 74 Specimen of Stuart Embroidery, dated 1642, Faith, Hope, and Charity. Lent by G. de H. Larpent. 75 Canvas Work Bag. Lent by Mrs. Cleland. 76 See Dr. Hill Collection. Mid Caller v, Case 27, No. 5. 77 Painted Needle Case. 78 Steel Chain Purse. 79 Wool Bag in form of a Thistle. 80 Embroidered Purse. 81 Six Old Bead Purses. Lent by Mrs. Oliver. Lent by Mrs. Finlayson. Lent by Miss Thomson. Lent by Miss Aitken Lent bv Miss MacDonald. 82 Samples of Embroidery Stitches. Lent by the Elgin Public Library. 83 Knitted and Netted Mittens. Lent by Mrs. Scott, CASE 12. 84 Sampler of Lace Stitches, worked by Helen Dallas of Parkley, Linlithgow, date 1802. Lent by Mrs. Cleland. 85 Sampler of Lace Stitches by Ann Watt. Lent by Rev. T. R. Barnett. 86 Sampler of Lace and Darning Stitches l)y Ann Watt, 1785. Lent by Rev. T. R. Barnett. 710 NEEDLEWORK SECTION 87 Sampler of Lace Stitches by J. W. M'Gaau. Lent by Miss Tolmie. 88 Sampler of Lace Stitches and Davning, worked in 1822. Lent by Mrs. Oliphant. 89 Lad}'s Lace Spangled Scarf. Lent by Mrs. Fenton-Livingstone. 90 Child's Lace Mitts. Lent by Miss Fenton-Livingstone. 91 Child's Gloves, Mechlin Lace. Lent by W. A. Baird. 92 Sampler, worked by A(nii) H(usband), circa 1730. Lent by Miss MacRitchie. 93 Specimens of Infant's Layette in original trunk, made in 1796. Note the lace insertion in cap, " Long Live Sweet Babe." Lent by Mrs. White. 94 Baby's Veil. Lent by the Museum, Elgin. 95 Knitted Woollen Mittens. Lent by Mrs. Scott. 96 Cotton Mittens. Two pairs. Lent by Mrs. Scott. 97 Ladj^'s Netted and Embroidered Gloves. Lent by Mrs. Scott. 98 Infant's Cap. Lent by Miss Hamilton. 99 Lady's Netted Gloves, Black Silk. Lent by Mrs. Scott. 100 Piece of Lace, made by a Dunfermline lady in 1826, at the age of 14. Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. CA^'iJ 13. TARTANS, ETC. 57 Tartan Plaid. Made in Uist early in eighteenth century. Lent by A. Carmichael. 58 Tartan Coat. Made in Uist early in nineteenth century. Lent by A. Carmichael. 59 Tartan Skirt. Made in Uist early in nineteenth century. Lent by A. Carmichael. 60 Tartan Cloak. Made in Uist early in nineteenth century. Lent by A. Carmichael. EAST GALLERY 711 61 Tartan Plaid. Made in Uist early in nineteenth century. Lent by A. Carmichael. 62 Hose of Stewart Tartan. Knitted by Exhibitor. Lent by Mrs. Stewart. 63 Tartan Somairt Dress. Made in Uist early in nineteenth century. Lent by A. Carmichael. 64 Tartan Plaid. Homespun and dyed with natural home- made vegetable dyes. Resembles Duff tartan, but with considerable variations. Lent by Alex. Sim. 65 Hose of MacGillivray Tartan. Designed and knitted by the late Mrs. MacGillivray of Eoligary, Barra. Lent by Messrs. W. & M. MacGillivray. 66 Tartan Waistcoat. Lent by AVilliam Chapman. 67 Belted Plaid of hard Tartan, 1713. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald Stewart. 68 Garters, spun, dyed, designed and woven by a South Uist '^eaveress, sixty years ago. Lent by Messrs. W. & M. MacGillivray. 69 MacGillivray Tartan Kilt. Designed, dyed, and spun by the late Mrs. MacGillivray. Lent by Messrs. W. & M. MacGillivray. 70 Belted Plaid of Stuart hard Tartan. Lent by Mrs. MacDonald Stewart. 71 Garters, MacGregor Tartan. Woven by Exhibitor. Lent by Mrs. Stewart. 72 Piece of old hard Tartan. Lent by Francis Caird Inglis. 73 Tartan Plaid. Stewart. Lent by William Good all. 74 Part of old Tartan Scarf. Royal Stuart. Lent by Mrs. Easton. 75 Cladich Garters. Lent by Archibald Macintyre. 76 Munro Tartan Plaid. Remarkable in respect of the badge, or flower, woven in the square of the field. Eighteenth century. Lent by Mrs. David Smith. 77 Old Tartan Scarf. Royal Stuart. W^oven of finely spun wool, silk, and cotton. Lent by William Kelly. 712 TARTANS 78 Tartan Plaid. Said to have been worn by Prince Charles Edward. Lent by the Museum, Nairn. 79 Cladich Garter. Lent by A. Carmichael. 80 Samples of Cloth from an Edinburgh draper to the Earl of Earlie in 1G47. (Fixed to outside of case.) Lent by the Museum, Arbroath. 80a Glass Frame with Silk Flag. (Between cases 2 and 3.) Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. CASE 14. LINEN, ETC. 81 Traveller's Sample of the first Sewed Muslin manufactured in Glasgow. Made by Alexander Wylie about 1790. Lent by Miss Kennedy. 82 Damask Linen Table Cloth. Made in Dunfermline about 1720 by James Blake. Lent by the Earl or Elgin. 83 Linen Towel. On the towel is the date 1710, and the letters I. H., being the initials of Isabella Henderson, Dundee. Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 84 Linen Table Cloth, which belonged to the Lord Provost of Edinburgh of the date of the Porteous Riot, 1736, and has his name and his wife's inwoven, " Alexander Wilson — Marion Young," and date 1714. Lent by William B. Wilson. 85 Napkin, which belonged to the Lord Provost of Edinburgh of the date of the Porteous Riot, 1736, and has his name and his wife's inwoven, "Alexander Wilson — Marion Young," and date 1714. Lent by William B. Wilson. 86 Hand Spun Linen made from flax grown in Wigtownshire, and has the names inwoven, "John Hathorn of Aires — . Agnus Stewart of Phisgill," and date 1741. Lent by Lady MacTaggart Stewart. 87 Damask Linen Table Cloth made by Janet, Countess of Kincardine, 1751, Lent by the Earl of Elgin. 88 Pair of Home Spun Linen Sheets, made about 1780. Lent by Miss Christie. 89 Seamless Shirt made by Henry Meldrum in the year 1813. "The breast piece consists of a piece of double damask woven into the shirt, and having on it the figure of a lion with the word 'Britannia,' and the date 1813. An EAST GALLERY 713 ingenious part of the workmanship is the contracting of the body of the shirt at the collar, and of the sleeves at the shoulder and wristbands, so as to leave the usual quantity of surgling or fulness; while the collar, shoulder and wristbands are, as in ordinary cases, per- fectly plain — all which was executed in the loom without any aid from the needle. There are buttonholes in the neck and sleeves, and buttons on the neck of the shirt, seemingly done in the same manner. There is also an imitation of two rows of stitching on the wristbands." (Fixed to outside of case.) Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 90 Ruffled Shirt Made of linen, grown, spun, and woven at Elgin. Lent by the Elgin Public Library. 91 Ruffled Dickie. Made of linen, grown, spun, and woven at Elgin. Lent by the Elgin Public Library. 92 Old Home Spun Lint Bed-Cover, from Isle of Lewis. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 93 Large Table Cloth, woven with Thistle Border and Arms of Strathearn. Made from flax grown in Upper Strathearn, during an attempt to revive flax growing in Perthshire about 1840. Lent by Viscountess Strathallan. 94 Damask Tray Cloth, with Glasgow Coat of Arms woven in as pattern. Made for use of the Town Council for Communion in Tron Church, date 1801. Lent by Mrs. Hair. 95 Pair of Home Spun Lint Towels. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 96 Table Napkin, which belonged to Haldane of Lanrick. Circa 1745. Lent by A. A. Mitchell. 97 Linen Table Cloth. Circa 1788. Lent by A. M. Craig. 98 Linen Sheets, which belonged to Haldane of Lanrick. Circa 1745. Lent by A. A. Mitchell. 99 Table Cloth. Circa 1800. Lent by Mrs. Robert Milne. 100 Linen made from flax, grown and spun in Barra, about 1850. Lent by Messrs. W. & M. MacGillivray. 101 Table Cloth, made at the Sciennes Bleachfield, Edinburgh, in the middle of 18th century by the brothers Biggar, two of the founders of the British Linen Company. On the table cloth are the words, "Let the Incorporation 714 LINEN of the Linen Manufactory in Scotland Prosper," and a device encircled with the motto " Concordia Crescent." Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 102 Linen Sheet, made from flax, grown and manufactured in Auckingill, Wick, about 1800. Lent by Robert Dunnett. 103 Shirt, completely finished in the loom without one stitch of needlework in the whole, by David Anderson, weaver in Glasgow. (Fixed to outside of case.) Lent by the Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow. 104 Linen Napkin, woven in 1714, by Alexander Seton. The flax was grown in the vicinity of Edinburgh, and spun by Mrs. Seton. (On End of Case.) Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. MAUCHLINE BOXES. The origin of the Mauchline boxes is interesting. About 1820, in Laurencekirk, there was an inventive man called Stiven, who made snuff boxes with an "invisible wooden hinge." One of these came into the hands of an Ayrshire gentleman, whose ill-fortune it was to break it at the point of distinction. It seemed a far cry to Laurencekirk in the matter of repair, and he bethought himself of an ingenious blacksmith in Auchinleck, with whom he had some acquaint- ance. Crawford was a clever fellow : he found out not only how to repair the hinge, but how it could be manufactured. With his master's help he started to make these boxes in Auchinleck, and they soon become well known in all the country round. Twelve years afterwards he moved to Cumnock, and there his business grew by leaps and bounds. He spared no pains to make his boxes perfect ; and he had young artists of talent, like Leitch, Macculloch, and MacNee to decorate the lids with figures and scenes. The business of the invisible hinge had been a secret at first, but gradually the method of making it became known to one, and then another. These set up for themselves in Cumnock, or in the neighbouring town, Mauchline; and what had been a paying business, ceased to be so from competition and over- production. It gradually dwindled, and for many years has been extinct at its birthplace, and in Auchinleck and Cumnock; but in Mauchline it lives in the firm of Messrs. W. & A. Smith. Many of the exhibits in this case are their exquisite productions, which are now difiicult to procure. The wood used in the manufacture was plane tree or elm (Nos. 4 and 13), these woods being preferred to others by reason of their close texture. Sometimes Amboyna wood was used (Nos. 20, 23, 70) which came from the distant Moluccas. First the tree was cut into triangular pieces from the centre toward the circumference. The pieces were then put under cover to dry and season for at least six months. The box EAST GALLERY 715 was cut out of the solid, only the ends being glued on. One set of artists made the boxes ; another painted the beautiful designs that embellish the lids, while women and children were employed in varnishing and polishing. The pro- cess of varnishing a single box occupied from three to six weeks. Spirit varnish took three weeks, and required thirty coats ; while copal varnish took six weeks, and required fifteen coats to complete the process. When varnishing was finished, the surface was polished with ground flint ; and the box was ready for the market. All the boxes in this case are made with the invisible wooden-hinge. The oldest is No. 79 from Laurencekirk, the birthplace of the industry. No. 80 is from Auchinleck, and No. 81 from Cumnock ; the others are from Mauchline. Where there is so much that is beautiful, to choose would be invidious. As the snuff box industry declined, other articles in wood were made instead. Book boards and card trays came into favour, especially those which had on them patterns of the tartans of the Clans. These were not produced on paper and stuck on, but were ruled on the wood direct, and were, therefore, highly durable. Many of the designs were beauti- ful in pattern and figure, and exquisitely delicate in their scheme of colour. — W. G. CASE 15. 1 Checked Cigar Box, lined with pencil cedar, with wooden hinges to top and front. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 2 Razor Case, ornamented with pale green, mauve, and white check pattern. Made about 1840. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 3 Razor Case, ornamented with pale green, red, and brown check pattern. Made about 1840. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 4 Snuff Box, made of an elmwood knot, for a curling trophy : picture of curling scene and inscription on top of lid. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 5 Box, ornamented in gilt and coloured scroll work on blue ground. Made about 1835. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 6 Tartan Cigar Case, octagon shape with rounded ends. Divided inside for six cigars. Made about 1840. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 7 Tartan Card Case, made in shape of a book; gold scroll ornament on rim. Tne tartan is ruled on the wood. The body of the box is cut out of the solid, the ends only being glued on. Made about 1840. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 716 MAUCHLINE BOXES 8 Small Round Reel Box for one reel, ruled white on white foil. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 9 Tea Caddy with elaborate ornamentation in panels on a light blue ground, on ball and claw feet, and with two compartments lined with silver foil. The lid is lined with blue velvet. Lent by George A. Bishop. 10 Book-shaped Box, gilt scroll pattern on green ground. Lent by Miss MacHoul. 11 Tartan Cigar Case, with wooden hinge; flutjd inside. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 12 Tartan Envelope Box, ogee top, with painting of Loch Katrine. Made between 1840 and 1850. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 13 Snuff Box made from elm knot, with two paintings on the lid, one being a hunting and the other a shooting scene. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 14 Glove Box, with expanding metal frame, tartan sides and fancy centre. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 15 Reticule with red plush lining. The pattern is ruled white on white foil. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 16 Book Side in MacDonald tartan, with centre piece of Paisley shawl pattern. The tartan is ruled on the wood. Made about 1835. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 17 Book Side in Caledonia tartan, with centre piece of Paisley shawl pattern. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 18 Small Tartan Oval Tray, with fluted pattern, and centre in small check. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 19 Book Side in MacDonald tartan, with centre piece of Paisley shawl pattern. Made about 1835. Tiont by W. and A. Smith. 20 Amboyna Wood Book Side. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 21 Stewart Tartan Book Side Avith painting of Prince Charlie. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 22 Tartan Card Tray with painting of Hawthornden. Made between 1840 and 1850. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 23 Amboyna Wood Book Side. Lent by W. and A. Smith. EAST GALLERY 717 24 Book Side, with gilt scroll design on red ground. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 25 Book Side, in gilt and coloured scroll on black ground. Made about 1835. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 26 Blotter, with painting of Queen Victoria in coronation robes. Made at the time of Her Majesty's coronation. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 27 Book Side, with gilt scroll design on red ground. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 28 Single Book Board, checked pattern. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 29 Small Tartan Board, with painting of Dryburgh Abbey. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 30 MacDonald Tartan Board, with painting of the late King Edward VII. in early life. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 81 Tartan Card Tray, with painting of Loch Lomond. Made between 1840 and 1850. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 32 Single Book Board, with ruled pattern, black on white foil. Picture of the Virgin and infant Christ. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 33 Single Book Board, with ruled pattern on white foil. Made about 1835. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 34 Single Book Board, with ruled pattern, black on gilt foil. Coloured painting of David playing before Saul. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 35-36 Pair of Book Boards in MacBeth tartan, with painting of initial ''V" surmounted by a crown, in centre of front board. Made for the book written by Queen Victoria describing her first tour in the Highlands of Scotland. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 37 Reel Box of club shape with wooden hinge. Drummond tartan. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 38 Tortoiseshell Hair-Comb, with tartan design. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 39 Reel Box of club shape with wooden hinge. Stewart tartan. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 40 Lancet Case in Buchanan tartan. Made about 1850. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 718 MAUCHLINE BOXES 41 Spectacle Case, with checked pattern. Labelled " Chad- burn Bros., Opticians, etc., to H.K.H. Prince Albert." Lent by W. and A, Smith. 42 Spectacle Case in Caledonia tartan : wooden hinge and ogee top. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 43 Book-shaped Box, with ruled pattern. Lent by Miss MacHoijl. 44 Spectacle Case of yellow wood, with picture of a horse-race. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 45 Two large Buttons, with black pictures on a pale ground (one a boar, one a dog). Lent by Mrs. Percy Bate. 46 Twenty-four Buttons, large size : of various pattern. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 47 Six Wooden Buttons, with white pictures on a black ground. (Three with dogs, one partridge, one cock, one sheaf of corn.) Lent by W. and A. Smith. 48 Twenty-four Buttons, small size : of various pattern. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 49 Razor Strop, with green and mauve check. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 50 Inimitable Razor Strop, with white scroll on black ground. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 51 Painted Finger-plate for door. Made probably about 1840. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 52 Small Oil Painting of Mossgiel, Mauchline, in gilt frame. This shows the farm as it was in Burns's time, and before the first alterations to it, which took place in 1858. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 53 Needle Book with wooden snuff-box hinge; light check ornamentation. Made about 1840. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 54 Board in Caledonia tartan, with painting of Edinburgh Castle from the Grassmarket. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 55 Fancy Check Card Case, with pull-off lid. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 56 Wooden Fan, in checked pattern. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 57 Small Wood Board, ornamented with ruled head on foil. Made about 1850. Lent by W. and A. Smith. EAST GALLERY 719 58 A Board similar to No. 57. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 59 Card Case, in white wood, with pen-and-ink sketclies of Princess Victoria when a child. A very early example of Mauchline woodwork. Lent by James Lambie, Jun. 60 Tartan Board, inlaid with mother-of-pearl. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 61 Lady's Card Case, with wooden snuflE box hinge. Ornamented in gold leaf design on white ground ruled with blue lines. Made between 1830 and 1840. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 62-64 Pair of Book Sides, ruled in black on gilt foil, with picture of the Virgin, infant Christ, and St. John. Made about 1835. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 63 MacBeth Tartan Board, with Stewart tartan and green check centre. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 65 Small Whitewood Paper Knife, with scroll design on one side, and view of Burns's monument. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 66 Book Side, made of wood from Mauchline Kirk-end tree. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 67 Dress Stewart Tartan Card Case; lady's size; wooden hinge. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 68 Book Board in Prince Charlie tartan, with painting of Edinburgh Castle from the Grassmarket. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 69 Book Side, made of wood from Mauchline Kirk-end tree. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 70 Snuef Box, made of Amboyna wood. Lent by James Lambie. 71 Tartan Box, with wooden snuff box hinge; lined with tin foil. Made about 1840. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 72 Snuff Box, with green checked pattern. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 73 Small Card Case, with a ruled pattern of red, blue, green, and black lines. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 74 Snuff Box, with ornamental grape-leaf pattern, and a painting of wild-duck shooting on the lid. An early specimen. Lent by A. Miller. 720 MAUCHLINE BOXES 75 Snuff Box, with brown checked ruling ; cut from the solid wood. Made between 1830 and 1840. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 76 Snuff Box, with painting of a horse-race on the lid. Cut from the solid wood. Made betAveen 1830 and 1840. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 77 Snuff Box, in dark brown check, Avith Highland dancing scene painted on the lid. Stamped " Smith, Mauchline, Manufacturers to His Majesty." Lent by His Grace the Duke of Atholl. 78 Snuff Box, with pheasant-shooting scene painted on the lid. An early specimen. Lent by Adam MacArvail. 79 An early Snuff Box of Laurencekirk manufacture. Stamped " W. and G. Milne . lav-kirk " on inside of lid. An interesting example of Laurencekirk work. It was in imitation of it that the Mauchline work was modelled. Ornamented with the picture of a Scottish washing treated in a free manner. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 80 An early Snuff Box of Auchinleck manufacture. Stamped, " w. JOHNSTON, avchinleck." On the lid a single figure subject, " A Scottish Washing." Lent by R. Morrison. 81 A Cumnock Snuff Box, decorated with bunches of grapes and vine leaves. On the lid a scene from Burns's Hallowe'en inscribed ' ' In order on the Clean hearthstane. The luggies three are ranged." Lent by D. Glen MacKemmie. 82 Snuff Box, with coaching scene: "Manchester light post coach " is on the panel of the stage-coach door. Maker's name illegible, but " mavchline " is stamped on the floor of the box. Lent by Miss Christie. 83 Curved Snuff Box, with a scene on the lid, from ' ' Willie brew'd a peck o' maut " : inscribed, "It is the moon — I ken her horn," etc. Lent by James Lambie. 84 Snuff Box, decorated with hunting scene. Stamped "Smith, Mauchline." Lent by Alexander Blair. 85 Small Box, with picture of a greyhound and dead hare. This box Avas made to hold a small (not clinical) thermometer. It was made between 1830 and 1840. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 86 Snuff Box, Avith top and bottom made of wood from Mossgiel. Lent by W. and A. Smith. EAST GALLERY 721 87 Wliitewood Snuff Box, ornamented with black scroll-work, which was known as "worming." Coat of arms on centre of top. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 88 Snuff Box, painted blue, with white line on top. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 89 Snuff Box, with brown checked ruling and crest of the Incorporation of Hammermen. Lent by T. Haevey. 90 Snuff Box, in black oak, with crest painted on lid. Lent by T, Haevey. 91 Snuff Box, painted green, with white line on top. Lent by W. and A. Smith. 92 Snuff Box, with top and bottom made of wood from Mossgiel. Lent by W. and A. Smith. CASES 16, 17, 18, 19, AND 20. HISTORIC COSTUME. Owing to the impossibility of mounting antique costumes (many of which are somewhat diminutive) on dummy figures designed on modern lines, it has been necessary to have had constructed figures specially adapted to the respective dresses in the case of those which are thus displayed. This work has been carried out by Mr. Archibald Hamilton, 70 Glassford Street, Glasgow, while the hair of these figures has been dressed in accordance with contemporary portraits by Mr. James Watson, 22 Wood- lands Road, Glasgow. 1 Nobleman's Costume. Cloth of silver trimmed with silver lace. Case 19 Latter half of 16th century. Said to have been worn by the Earl of Lennox. Lent by W. A. Baird. 2 Child's Head Dress of heavy silver embroidery. Latter part Case 19 of 16th century. Lent by W. A. Baird. 3 Apron of cream silk, embroidered by hand with richly coloured Case 18 sprays of flowers, birds, butterflies, etc. C. 1710. Lent by C. C. Scott. 4 Lady's Costume of flowered cream brocade, trimmed with ribbon Case 19 and chenille embroidered lace. This was the wedding dress of Miss Isabella MacKenzie, grand-daughter of the 4th Earl of Seaforth (Jacobite Marquess). She was married to Mr. Basil Hamilton of Baldoon on 14th March, 1719. Lent by Captain John Hope. 722 HISTORIC COSTUME 5 Gentleman's Suit of putty-coloured clotli with rich silver Case 19 embroidery. George I. period. Believed to have belonged to Mr, Basil Hamilton of Baldoon, who was out with Lord Kenmure in 1715. Lent by Captain J ohn Hope. 5a Small Sword with silver hilt. Early 18th century. Lent by R. L. Scott. 6 Waistcoat of black velvet, with deer-buttoned revers. 19th Case 16 century. Lent by Miss Hamilton. 7 Gown of yellow brocade, said to have been worn at the marriage Case 19 of the unfortunate Earl of Kilmarnock. C. 1726. Lent by Mrs. Stewart. 8 Waistcoat of white twilled linen, embroidered by hand in white Case 18 with conventional floral designs filled with lace stitches and varied diaperings. (7.1730-1740. Once the property of King George IV. Lent by Miss A. M. Jockel. 9 Pannier Dress of blue silk, brocaded with bunches of coloured Case 18 flowers. The underskirt flounced and trimmed with the same material. C. 1740. Fichu of Ayrshire embroidery. Lent by C. C. Scott. 10 Pannier Dress of heavy white silk brocade, with highly 17 coloured decorations of various flowers, scrolls and diapers. Flounced and trimmed with the same material, edged with yellow and green galloon. This was the wedding dress of Mary Dacre, b. 1745, the wife of Sir John Clerk of Penicuik. Lent by Miss Blackburn. 10a Scarf of black silk, with border of flowers natural in colours. Lent by Miss Hamilton. 11 Waistcoat of white linen, elaborately embroidered by hand Case\^ in white, with conventional floral designs with eyelet-hole fillings. Said to have been worn by Prince Charles Edward, and given by him to James Stirling of Craigbarnet. Lent by Commander G. H. Miller Stirling, R.N. llA Garters of pale blue silk, embroidered by hand with a pome- granate design in colours and silver thread. Said to have been worn by Prince Charles Edward. Lent by Mrs. Walker. 12 Riding Coat of spotted fawn velvet, lined with rose satin, which Case 16 belonged to Roger Hog of Newliston. C. 1740-1750. Lent by Stewart Hog. 13 Gentleman's Suit of cream-flowered brocade, with lace frills, Case 16 which belonged to Roger Hog of Newliston. 1715-1789. Lent by Stewart Hog. EAST GALLERY 723 14 Travelling Cloak of thickly wadded, light brown silk, piped Case 18 and lined with pale blue, fastened with bows of silk and pinchbeck buckles. Middle of the 18th century. Lent by C. C. Scott. 15 Portion of Pannier Dress of heavy yellow brocade, trimmed with Case 18 wide black lace. C. 1750. Lent by C. C. Scott. 16 Pannier Dress of bhie and white striped silk, flounced, with the Case 18 same material. C. 1750. Fichu of Ayrshire embroidery. Lent by C. C. Scott. 17 Overdress of cream silk, elaborately painted by hand with Case 18 floral designs in rich colours. Middle of the 18th century. Fichu of Ayrshire embroidery, bordered with lace. Lent by C. C. Scott. 17a Petticoat of cream silk, quilted by hand in conventional design. C. 1740. Lent by Mrs. Fenton Livingstone. 18 Pannier Dress of rose and grey striped flowered satin. C. 1750. Case 18 Fichu of Ayrshire embroidery, edged with pillow lace. Lent by C. C. Scott. 19 Pannier Dress of yellow flowered damask, trimmed with gilt Case 16 galloon. 18th century. Straw Bonnet, with original trimming. Early 19th century. Lent by Mrs. Cecil G. Hay. 19b Habit Shirt and Collar of Cambric, with Ayrshire embroidery. Lent by Miss Janet M. Aitken. 20 Over Dress of flowered cream brocade, worn by a Glasgow Case 19 lady about 1760. The back exhibits an unusual method of fitting. Lent by Mrs. W. H. Beadnell. Cashmere Shawl, hand embroidered in silks in 1841. Lent by Mrs. W. H. Beadnell. 21 Waistcoat of cream striped satin, bordered with chocolate Case IG flowered ribbon. Pair of Striped Silk Stockings. Worn by an ancestor of the exhibitor at his marriage in 1760. Lent by J. S. Napier. 22 Overdress of cream silk, brocaded with small sprays of coloured Case 17 flowers and strawberries. Worn in Edinburgh by Miss Emilie Husband, on the occasion of her marriage to Thomas Elder, Ynr., of Forneth, on August 8th, 1765. Lent by Miss MacRitchie. 724 HISTORIC COSTUME 22a Underskirt of very lieavy cream silk, brocaded with large sprays of handsome coloured flowers of naturalistic design. Early 18th century. Lent by C. C. Scott. 22b Long Scarf of Ayrshire embroidered muslin. Lent by C. C. Scott. 23 Corsets of linen, sewn by hand by a tailor in Dumfries in the Case 19 year 1767. Lent by Miss M. P. Wilson. 24 Sacque and Underskirt of cream silk, brocaded in natural Case 16 colours with bunches of flowers and ribbons, trimmed with the same material and edged with blond lace. It belonged to Margaret Bilson, who married Alexander Gibson Wright of Clifton Hall, Midlothian, in 1768. Lent by Stewart Hoa. 25 Dress of pale blue satin, with piping and trimming of white Case 18 satin and a collar of fine black lace. Latter half of 18th century. Lent by C. C. Scott. 25a Pelerine of heavy black silk and square collar of delicate Ayrshire embroidery, worn together. End of 18th century. Lent by Miss Thomson. 26 Dress of "pigeon breast" shot silk. Latter half of 18th Case 17 century. Pair of Mittens, made of white linen, hand sewn. Glove, made of white linen, hand sewn. Linen Sleeve, embroidered in white with Montmellick work. Tartan Ribbon, worn at the wedding of H.R.H. Princess Louise to the Marquis of Lorne (Diike of Argyll). Lent by Mrs. Lily Campbell. 27 Dress of puce satin, trimmed with band ahd rolls of pale blue Case 17 satin. This was the wedding dress of Mrs. John Scott of Halkshill in 1780, and was worn by her in 1829 with a bodice of the fashion of the latter date (as exhibited) at the marriage of her eldest daughter. The original bodice is also shown. Slippers of puce satin, trimmed with white fur, worn with this dress in 1780. Lent by C. C. Scott. 27a Shawl of Muslin, finely embroidered with Ayrshire work and trimmed with lace. Lent by Mrs. James H. Parker. 28 Corsets of hand-stitched linen. C. 1780. Case 18 Lent by John. S. Napier. EAST GALLERY 725 29 Dress of pale blue satin, striped with brown, trimmed with Case 17 blue ribbon. Worn by Alice Campbell of Lochend, Perth- shire, who married Dougald Campbell of Achlian, Argyll- shire, about A.D. 1783. Scarf of slate grey silk, the ends showing a woven pattern of yellow pines. Lent by Miss A. C. Stewart Wright. 30 Dress and Cape of red and brown striped silk, trimmed with Case 16 brown braid, buttons and tassels. Worn as a wedding gown. C. 1790. Lent by J. S. Napier. 30a Collar of cambric, with Ayrshire embroidery. Lent by Miss Janet M. A itken. 31 Waistcoat of stamped velvet, and Gloves worn by the Case 16 exhibitors' ancestor. C. 1790. Lent by J. S. Napier. 32 Dress of striped oriental fabric, trimmed with cut and puffed Case 16 silk and pipings of scarlet. Turban of white silk and oriental fabrics. This dress and turban were worn c. 1790-1800 by Lady Liston, wife of Sir Robert Liston, Ambassador at Constantinople. Lent by Miss Story. 33 Wax Mannequin, dressed by a court dressmaker as Caroline of Case 16 Brunswick when married to George IV. in 1795. Lent by Mrs. George Spiers. 34 Dayshirt of white linen, with frilled front and sleeves, in its Case 16 original condition as folded by contemporary laundry maid. End of 18th century. Lent by Stewart Hog. 35 Dress of scarlet crepe, trimmed with cut silk embroidery of the Case 18 same colour. C. 1800. Collar of Ayrshire embroidery, trimmed with pillow lace. Lent by C. C. Scott. 36 Dress of needle run black net, trimmed with black satin. Case\^ a 1800. Lent by C. C. Scott. 37 Silk Scarf of dark blue, with woven pattern of conventional Case 18 floral designs. Early 19th century. Lent by C. C. Scott. 38 Dress of heliotrope flowered gauze, worn about 1800. Case 17 Lent by Mrs. Hair. 39 Lady's Short Bodice of canary silk, with very long sleeves and Casein quilted roll collar, a 1800-1810. Lent by Mrs. Hair. 726 HISTORIC COSTUME 40 Pair of White Cotton Stockings, knitted by hand, with shell Ca^ie 16 pattern and open work. Early 19th century. Lent by J. S. Napier. 41 Dress of white embroidered muslin, with long train and small Casein "Empire^' bodice, a 1800. Lent by Mrs. Gray. 42 Dress of grey and lavender brocade, trimmed with lavender Ca^e 16 silk, which belonged to Mrs. Dun lop of Keppoch. Early 19th century. Lent by Miss Story. 42a Comb of tortoise shell. Lent by Museum, Marischal College, Aberdeen. 43 Aigrette of spun glass. C. 1800. Case 16 Lent by W. A. Baird. 44 Damask Silk Shawl, black and crimson, with pattern of roses Case 16 and heavy fringe. Worn by a lady of Caithness. C. 1800. Lent by Mrs. Sinclair. 45 Dress of pale blue flowered and bordered satin. Early 19th Case 16 century. Lent by Mrs. Cecil C Hay. 45a Comb of tortoise shell. Lent by Miss Finlayson. 46 Dress of apricot flowered crepe, trimmed with rolled silk of Case 17 same shade and blond lace. C. 1810. Lent by Stewart Hog. 46a Veil of black tambour lace. Lent by Miss Hamilton. 46b "Ugly" of blue silk, gathered on wire, as worn about 1850 on the edge of the bonnet to shade the face. Lent by Miss Finlayson. 46c Tortoise Shell Comb. Lent by C. C. Scott. 47 Dress of white fancy silk. The skirt bordered with a hand- Case 17 embroidered design in brilliant colours of nasturtiums, carnations, etc., naturalistically treated, with an interlaced ribbon pattern below ; the bodice and sleeves edged with embroidery and trimmed with blond lace ; the long over- sleeves of gauze strapped with white satin. This dress belonged to Helen, the daughter of Sir Alex. Gibson Maitland of Clifton Hall and wife of James Maitland Hog of Newliston. It was given to her by Lady Breadall«ane about A.D. 1820, having been brought from Paris in 1819 by the Duke of Buckingham, the husband of Lady Breadalbane's daughter, Mary. Lent by Stewart Hog, EAST GALLERY 727 48 Lady's Empire Gown, made of tartan silk, with cut silk Case 19 embroidery at foot, padded hem. C. 1810-1820. Lent by Mrs. Cecil G. Hay. 48a Fichu, embroidered in Ayrshire sewn work of very delicate design. Lent by Miss Hamilton. 49 Lady's Dress of olive green silk, flowered with small pattern of Case 19 brilliant colouring and piped with pink satin ; very large balloon sleeves. C. 1820-1830. Lent by C. C. Scott. 49a Upper Cape of Ayrshire embroidery. Lent by Miss Janet Aitken. 49b Lower Cape of Ayrshire embroidery. Lent by C. C. Scott. 50 Swallow Tail Coat of brown broadcloth. Worn by Mr. C. C. Case 17 Scott at his marriage. C. a.d. 1828. Lent by C. C. Scott. 51 Gentleman's White Muslin Neckerchief. Early 19th century. Case 17 Lent by Mrs. James H. Parker. 52 Morning Dress of yellow striped muslin, flowered in brown Case 16 and white, trimmed with ropes and lacings of brown silk. C 1830. Lent by C. C. Scott. 52a Scarf of yellow silk damask, edged with white silk fringe. Lent by Miss Hamilton. 53 Dress of figured muslin. Worn c. 1830 by Miss Elizabeth Case 16 Scott (Mrs. A. C. Peat), a niece of Sir Walter Scott. Habit Shirt and Collar in broderie Anglaise. Lent by Miss Grisell MacDougall. 54 Umbrella of brown silk, with whalebone ribs and ivory Case 16 handle. Sunshade, trimmed with black lace, folding handle. Lent by Miss Hamilton. 55 White Satin Bridal Dress. Worn by Mrs. M'HaflSe of East- Case 19 wood in 1837. Kid Gloves. Worn by Mrs. M'Haffie of Eastwood. Lent by Mrs. Kerr. Photograph of portrait painted of Mrs. M*Haffie, showing the above wedding dress as originally worn. 55a Lace and Net Fichu. Lent by C. C. Scott. 56 Dress of pale fawn flowered satin. Worn by Mrs. M'Haffie of Case 16 Eastwood. C 1837. Lent by Mrs. Kerr. 728 HISTORIC COSTUME 56a ScxVRF of fawn silk, with coloured flowered border. C. 1840. Lent by Miss Hamilton. 57 Dress of pale pink silk, with trailing leaf design. Case\Q Mantle of pale pink plush, bordered with silk fringe. Pink Kid Gloves. Wide Veil of Carrickraacross applique lace. This costume was worn by Mrs. M'Haffie of Eastwood. C. 1837. Lent by Mrs. Kerr. 57a Comb of tortoise shell. Lent by Museum, Marischal College, Aberdeen. 58 Doll, dressed in costume of early Victorian date. Case 16 Lent by Mrs. Arthur Read. 59 Dress of heliotrope brocade (originally worn over a crinoline). Case 17 Wedding dress of Mrs. Duncan, Temple. C. 1835-1840. Fichu of net with applique embroidery. Lent by Miss Currie. 60 Dress of brown and black silk brocade, trimmed with brown Case 17 silk fringe. The wedding dress of an ancestress of the exhibitor. Early 19th century. Lent by Miss Hamilton. 61 Shawl of black silk of Paisley manufacture, decorated v\ith Case 17 conventional floral designs. Worn with the wedding dress No. 60. Lent by Miss Hamilton. 62 Infant's Eobe of Ayrshire embroidery on muslin. C. 1840. Case 19 Lent by the Wilson Family. 63 Infant's Robe of Ayrshire embroidery on muslin. Made Casein in 1843. Lent by Mrs. Parker. 64 Pair of Hair Bracelets. Case 18 Lent by Mrs. J. Hamilton. 65 Two Combs (tortoise shell and pinchbeck.) Case 18 Lent by C. C. Scott. 66 Two Fans of oriental design. Case 17 Lent by Miss Fenton Livingstone. 67 Dress of white muslin, trimmed with a deep border of Ayrshire Case 18 embroidery. Middle of 19th century. Lent by Mrs. James H. Parker. 68 Skirt of white muslin, with fine Ayrshire embroidery. Middle Case 18 of 19th century. Lent by Miss Janet M. Aitken. EAST GALLERY 729 69 Yery Small Green Silk Sunshade, with ivory folding handle. Caseli) a 1840-50. Lent by Miss Fenton Livingstone. 70 Gentleman's Evening Waistcoat of pale blue fiovrered satin. Case 19 G. 1850. Lent by Miss Janet M. Aitken. 71 Gentleman's Waistcoat of blue and black brocade. C. 1850. Case 19 Lent by C. C. Scott. 72 Waistcoat of black velvet, sprigged with small coloured Case 18 flowers. Middle of 19th century. Lent by C. C. Scott, 73 Rebozo of blue and red striped material. These scarves were Case 16 manufactured in Glasgow (woven in Bridgeton) for the South American market. C. 1858. Lent by Miss Finlayson. 74 Untrimmed Straw Bonnet. C. 1855-1860. Case 18 Lent by C. C. Scott. 75 Untrimmed Straw Bonnet. C. 1860. Case 16 Lent by Miss Finlayson. 76 Lady's Gown of lavender silk, diapered with bright red and Case 19 green flowers, trimmed with silk fringe. C. 1860. Lent by John S. Napier 76a White Muslin Shawl, very handsomely embroidered with Ayrshire sewn work, and bordered with deep lace flounce. C 1840. Lent by Miss Louise E. Perman. 77 Child's Shoe of leather, lacing across a high tongue. Tudor Case 19 period. Lent by Wm. Box Kinghorn. 78 Shoe of natural coloured leather, with high heel and second Case 19 sole. The perforated side flaps and centre tongue, which overlapped when worn, were connected with a lace. Worn by Marie of Lorraine, daughter of Claude of Lorraine, the Duke of Guise, and mother of Mary, Queen of Scots. 16th century. Lent by T. Watson Gretg, 79 Pair of Linen Shoes, embroidered by hand in metallic and Case 19 coloured threads, with a conventional design of scrolls and flowers. 'J'hese shoes were left at a house in the Midlands, where Queen Elizabeth slept. They were afterwards the property of Miss Kelly, actress and singer, 1790-1882, 16th century. Lent by Wm. Box Kinghorn. 80 Slipper of black satin — probably relieved originally by a Case 19 diamond buckle to fasten strap across the instep. Supposed to liave belonged to Mary, Queen of Scots. Lent by T. Watson Greig. 730 HISTORIC COSTUME 81 Gentleman's Court Shoe of white kid, with red heels and Case 19 rosette of silver ribbon. I7th century. Lent by Wm. Box Kinghorn. 82 Gentleman's Court Shoe of white kid, with red heels and Case 19 rosette of gold lace ; the high tongue edged with red kid. 17th century. Lent by Wm. Box Kinghorn. 83 Pair of Lady's Shoes of white satin, heavily embroidered with Case 16 metallic lace. 17th century. Lent by Wm. Box Kinghorn. 84 Pair of Lady's Shoes of green and white brocade, with buckled Case 17 straps over instep. 17th century. Lent by Wm. Box Kinghorn. 85 Shoe and Patten of brocade and leather. It will be observed Case 19 that the patten is movable and is of fine design. Queen Anne period. Lent by T. Watson Greig. 86 Pair of Clogs, made of brocade and decorated with red morocco Case 17 leather. These clogs were used to protect the high-heeled brocade shoe, as shown in No. 85. Early 18th century. Lent by Mrs. Fenton Livingstone. 87 A Pair of Shoes, made of pink brocade, with very high heels Case 17 and buckle straps across the instep. These shoes were worn by a lady of North Berwick. C. 1715. Lent by The Society of Archaeology, Alloa. 88 Shoe of green brocade, with red leather heels. This shoe was Case 19 bought in Edinburgh, and is such as would be worn about the time of the Porteous Mob. Lent by T. Watson Greig. 89 Shoe of white satin, decorated with white braid and cloth of Case 19 silver. This shoe belonged to the Countess of Portsmouth, and was found among the effects of the late Lady Menzies of Menzies. 18th century. Lent by T. Watson Greig. 90 Slipper of pale blue satin, with white kid heel, and bound Case 19 with white silk. This slipper belonged to Mrs Ward, a famous Edinburgh actress, and from its colours is said to have been worn in honour of Prince Charles Edward. Lent by T. Watson Greig. 91 Slipper of pale coloured satin, having buckle straps and very Case 19 high small heels. It came from Lady Ruthven's collection at Winton. Lent by T. Watson Greig. 92 Pair of Kirking Shoes, made of striped and flowered silk, with Case 17 straps for buckles. Worn by the great-grandmother of Mrs. Kerr, in 1760. Lent by Samuel Kerr. EAST GALLERY 731 93 Pair of Slippers of pale green kid, inlet with slashings of hand Case 17 embroidered pink satin and liaving pink kid heels. C. 1790. Lent by Dr. Grierson's Museum, Thornhill. 94 Slipper of red morocco without heel, very pointed toe and Case 19 black ribbon tie. This shoe belonged to Rosie Anderson, a Perth beauty, who married Lord Provost Marshall, — the hero and heroine of the old ballad : " Hay Marshall was as brave a Lord As ever lived on earth. He courted Rosie Anderson, A lady into Perth." Lent by T. Watson Greig. 95 Slipper of yellow kid, Avith very pointed toe, low drawn heel, Case 19 and ribbon bow. This slipper formerly belonged to Lady Charlotte Fletcher of Saltoun. Lent by T. Watson Greig. 96 Slipper of pale blue kid, with black kid heels, and trimming of Case 19 black ribbon. Lent by T. Watson Greig. 97 Slipper of lavender coloured kid, with slashes of white satin Case 19 in front. The bottom of the low heel is in the shape of a heart. This slipper belonged to Lilias, daughter of the 12th Earl of Eglinton, and was worn by her at her marriage to R. D. MacQueen, Esq., of Braxfield, in 1796. Lent by T. Watson Greig. 98 Pair of Slippers, made of white satin, with pale green satin Case 17 rosettes and green heels. Early Victorian. Lent by Wm. Box Kinghorn. 99 Pair of Lady's Slippers of emerald green satin, square toed, with Case 16 no heels. C 1830. Lent by Wm. Box Kinghorn. 100 Pair of Lady's Slippers of figured silk, with very long pointed Case 16 toes, and low heels. Early Victorian. Lent by Wm. Box Kinghorn. 101 Pair of Lady's Slippers of white satin, bound with pink silk. Case 19 with low heels of pink satin. Early Victorian. Lent by Wm. Box Kinghorn. 102 Lady's Slipper of pink silk, with Oxford tie and gold filigree Case 19 work. Lent by Wm. Box Kinghorn. 103 A Pair of Wooden Pattens, with iron rings. C 1830-1840. Case 17 Lent by John Breeze. 104 Gentleman's Waistcoat of silk stockinet, woven in stripes of Case 20 yellow and black. Worn by Roger Hog of Newliston. C. 1760. Lent by Stewart B. Hog. 732 HISTORIC COSTUME 105 Gentleman's Vest of Scotch buskin. Early 19th century. Case 20 Lent by Miss M. P. Bruce. 106 Gentleman's Waistcoat of bright blue satin, brocaded with Case 20 small flower in gold silk. 19th century. Lent by C. C. Scott. 107 Waistcoat of striped cream, sprigged with coloured flowers Case 20 and brocaded down the front with a floral border and steel sequin embroidery. Worn by Admiral Alexander Graeme of Graeme Hall. Early 18th century. Lent by Alexander Garrioch. 108 Pair of Black Silk Breeches. Worn by Admiral Alexander Case 20 Graeme of Graeme Hall. Lent by Alexander Garrioch. 109 Waistcoat of white silk. Embroidered by hand with trails Case 20 of flowers in coloured silks and sequins. Early 18th century. Lent by Eraser Campbell. 110 Gentleman's Vest of deep purple silk, brocaded with design of Casein conventional iris. Early 19th century. Lent iDy Miss Hamilton, 111 Gentleman's Waistcoat of plain and floral white pique. 19th Case 20 century. Lent by John Breeze. 112 Gentleman's Waistcoat of soft blue and white striped silk. Case 20 Worn by Roger Hog of Newli^ton. C. 1730. Lent by Stewart B. Hog. 113 Lady's Chemise and Mutch of home-spun linen. Case 20 Lent by Miss Hamilton. 114 Pair of Black Silk Knee Breeches. C. 1800. Case%) Lent by Mrs. Hair. 115 Waistcoat of fawn silk, brocaded with floral design of' same Case 20 colour. 19th century. Lent by John Breeze. 116 Waistcoat of deep cream and spotted satin, bound with a Case 20 narrow floral ribbon. Worn by Admiral Alexander Graeme of Graeme Hall. Early 18th century. Lent by Alexander Garrioch. 117 Waistcoat of white satin, elaborately embroidered by hand Case 20 with a floral design in white silk and flowers of velvet applique. C. 1800. Worn by Admiral Alexander Graeme of Graeme Hall. Lent by Alexander Garrioch. 118 Gentleman's Waistcoat of cream striped silk, with border of Case 20 green and gold embroidery with spangles. Worn by Roger Hog of Newliston. C 1750. Lent by Stewart B. Hog. EAST GALLERY 733 119 Gentlemen's Waistcoat of black silk, brocaded with a floral Case 20 pattern in brown silk. Leut by William Chapman. 120 Pair of Buff Duck Trousers. Early 19th century. Case 30 Lent by Mrs. Hair. 121 Gentleman's Frilled Day Shirt. Worn about the middle of the Case 20 18th century. Lent by Mrs. Gray. 122 Gentleman's Stock Tie of black satin. 19th century. Case 20 Lent by John Breeze. SCOTTISH POTTERY. In Scotland, with the earliest memorials of man, there has been found pottery of native manufacture. Thus the potter's art has flourished, more or less, from a period thousands of years before the dawn of the Christian era to the present time. In the Prehistoric Saloon can be seen many examples of the early pottery indicated. In the orna- mentation of some of these early vessels we have the first evidence of the practice of decorative art; that the vessels were decorated is in itself a fact full of interest, as showing that even in remote times there was an aspiration for some- thing beyond mere utility. With the Roman invasion there was introduced pottery of entirely new types. Frequently in the Roman Camps of Scotland have pieces been found of glazed red earthenware termed Terra Sigillata, and also unglazed ware of various colours, but in these pieces we have no evidence that they were not of purely Roman manufacture; that a large quantity of the discovered pottery bear the marks of various Roman potteries, which have been identified, points to the probability that all the ware used by the invaders was imported. No native ware of the Scoto-Roman period has as yet been recognised. Between the Roman ware and that termed mediaeval pottery there exists a large blank, con- cerning which nothing is known. If the Romans imparted any of their knowledge concerning the making of pottery, that knowledge was lost long before the mediaeval period, as the pottery of this time was of a poor description, judging from existing examples. The manufacture of modern pottery in Scotland dates from about 1750, when works were to be found in Glasgow, Portobello, and Bo'ness, and the art reached its highest point a hundred years later, when ware was made with a skill which, from various causes, is not now reached. That many links in tlie chain of sequence of the manufac- ture of pottery in Scotland should be awanting is not sur- prising, considering the constant liability to destruction of all that comes from the potter's wheel ; a destruction which 734 SCOTTISH POTTERY from earliest times has appealed to the imagination of the wise of this world, who saw reflected in the creation of the earthen vessel by the hands of the potter, and in its after precarious existence, an image of the life of man. Note by J. A. Balfour, F.R.Hist.S., F. S.A.Scot. CASE 21. 1 Queen Mary. Glasgow Pottery (J. & M. P. Bell & Coy.). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 2 Petrarch. Glasgow Pottery (J. & M. P. Bell & Coy.). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 3 Dante. Glasgow Pottery (J. & M. P. Bell & Coy.). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 4 Fruit Plate, with view of Pass of Loch Katrine. Glasgow Pottery (J. & M. P. Bell & Coy.). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 5, 6 Fruit Plates, with painted flowers. Glasgow Pottery (J. & M. P. Bell & Coy.). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 7 Gilt Decorated Cup and Saucer. This cup and saucer was exhibited at the London Exhibition of 1851. Glasgow Pottery (J. & M. P. Bell & Coy.). Lent by Miss H. M. Steven. 8 Fruit Plate, with painted flowers. Glasgow Pottery (J. & M. P. Bell & Coy.). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 9 Plate, with gold medallions of Shakspere, Milton, and Byron. Made about 1850. Verreville Pottery (Robert Cochran & Co., Glasgow). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 10 Painted Ewer. Verreville Pottery, Glasgow (R. A. Kid- ston). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 11 Black Greek Vase. Glasgow Pottery (J. & M. P. Bell & Coy.). Lent by J. A. Balfour. CASE 22. 12 Blue Printed Willow Flatdish. J. Jamieson & Coy., Bo'ness. Lent by West Lothian Pottery Coy., Ltd. 13 Blue Printed Covered Bowl. T. Shirlew & Coy., Greenock. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 14 Blue Printed Jug. J. Jamieson & Coy., Bo'ness. Lent by West Lothian Pottery Coy., Ltd. EAST GALLERY 735 15 Blue Printed Plate. Verreville Pottery, Glasgow (John Geddes). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 16 Blue Printed Punch Bowl. Verreville Pottery, Glasgow (R. A. Kidston). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 17 Blue Printed Dish. Annfield Pottery, Glasgow (John Thomson). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 18 Painted Plate. North British Pottery, Glasgow (Alexander Balfour & Coy.). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 19 Green Glazed Fruit Plate. Caledonian Pottery, Glasgow (Murray & Coy.). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 20 Green Glazed Jug. North British Pottery, Glasgow (Alex- ander Balfour & Coy.). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 21 Purple Leather Glaze Lion. North British Pottery (Alex- ander Balfour & Coy.). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 22 Painted Abbotsford Ware Vase. Kirkcaldy Pottery (David Methven & Sons). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 23 Purple Leather Glaze Etruscan Vase. North British Pot- tery, Glasgow (Alexander Balfour & Coy.). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 24 Flown Blue Basin. Kirkcaldy Pottery (David Methven & Sons). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 25 Red Glaze Abbotsford Ware Vase. Kirkcaldy Pottery (David Methven & Sons). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 26 Coloured Printed Punch Bowl, with iron lustre. Clyde Pottery, Greenock (Clyde Pottery Coy., Ltd.). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 27 Coloured Printed Punch Bowl, with iron lustre. Annfield Pottery (John Thomson & Sons). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 28 Brown Glazed Salt Jar. Cumnock Pottery Coy. Lent per J. A. Balfour. 29 Small Brown Glazed Teapot, with motto. Cumnock Pottery Coy. Lent per J. A. Balfour. 736 SCOTTISH POTTERY 30 Blue Glazed Bxjlb Bowl. Cumnock Pottery Coy. Lent per J. A. Balfour. 31 Green Glazed Vase. Cumnock Pottery Coy. Lent per J. A. Balfour. 32 Brown Glazed Jug. Cumnock Pottery Coy. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 33 Coloured Glazed Basket. Dunmore Pottery. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 34 Red Glaze Vase. Dunmore Pottery. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 35 Blue Printed Willow Flatdish. Verreville Pottery (R. A. Kidston). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 36 Printed Jug. Bo'ness Pottery (Thomas Syme & Coy.). Lent by West Lothian Pottery Coy., Ltd. 37 Printed Flatdish. Verreville Pottery (John Geddes). Lent by J. A. Balfour. 38 Blue Printed Soup Tureen. Bo'ness Pottery (J. Jamieson & Coy.). Lent by West Lothian Pottery Coy., Ltd. 39 Bine Printed Plate. Bo'ness Pottery (J. Jamieson & Coy.). Lent by West Lothian Pottery Coy., Ltd. 40 White Pointer Dog. West Lothian Pottery. Lent by AVest Lothian Pottery Coy., Ltd. CASE 23. 41 Plaque. Britannia Pottery, Glasgow. Lent by Cochran & Fleming. 42 Coloured Puzzle Jug. Fife Pottery, Kirkcaldy. Lent by Robert Heron & Son. 43 Blue Printed Plate. Fife Pottery, Kirkcaldy. Lent by Robert Heron & Son. 44 Blue Printed Jug. Fife Pottery, Kirkcaldy. Lent by Robert Heron & Son. 45 Buff Coloured Jug. Fife Pottery, Kirkcaldy. Lent by Robert Heron & Son. 46 Wemyss Ware King Edward Coronation Vase. Fife Pottery. Lent by Robert Heron & Son. 47 Ink Pot. Fife Pottery, Kirkcaldy. Made about 1842. Lent by Robert Heron & Son. EAST GALLERY 737 48 Wemyss AVare Bute Vase. Fife Pottery, Kirkcaldy. Lent by Robert Heron & Son. 49 Wemyss Ware Victoria Jubilee Goblet. Fife Pottery, Kirk- caldy. Lent by Robert Heron & Son. 50 Wemyss Ware Vase. Fife Pottery, Kirkcaldy. Lent by Robert Heron & Son. 51 Wemyss Ware Argyll Vase. Fife Pottery, Kirkcaldy. Lent by Robert Heron & Son. 52 Wemyss Ware Dundee Bowl. Fife Pottery, Kirkcaldy. Lent by Robert Heron & Son. 53 ''Jestre" Vase. Britannia Pottery, Glasgow. Lent by Cochran & Fleming. 54 Decorated Plate. Britannia Pottery. Lent by Cochran & Fleming. 55 Burns' Cottage Plate. Britannia Pottery. Lent by Cochran & Fleming. 56 Decorated Cup and Saucer. Britannia Pottery. Lent by Cochran & Fleming. 57-59 Decorated Cups and Saucers. Britannia Pottery. Lent by Cochran & Fleming. 60 Tile, with view of Loch Lomond. Britannia Pottery. Lent by Cochran & Fleming. 61-62 Vases. Britannia Pottery. Lent by Cochran & Fleming. 63 Plaque. The "Law Suit." Britannia Pottery. Lent by Cochran & Fleming. 64 Vase. Britannia Pottery. Lent by Cochran & Fleming. 65-70 Decorated Plaques. Britannia Pottery. Lent by Cochran & Fleming. 71 Flower Pot. Britannia Pottery. Lent by Cochran & Fleming. CASE 24. 72 Plaque. Britannia Pottery. Lent by Cochran & Fleming. 73 Portion of China Tea Set. Portobello Ware. Lent by William Baird. 74 Portion of China Tea Set, by Milne, Cornwall & Coy. and W. & C. Smith, Portobello, 1840 to 1850. Lent by \villiam Baird. 2a 738 SCOTTISH POTTERY 75 Portion of Tea Set, made by John Tough, Portobello, about 1845. Lent by William Baird. 76 Two Cups and Saucers, made by John Tough, Portobello. Lent by William Baird. 77 Cup and Saucer. Portobello Ware. Lent by William Baird. 78 Pair of Vases. Portobello Ware. Lent by William Baird. 79 Florentine Lion, made in Portobello. Lent by William Baird. 80-81 Jugs, made in Portobello. Lent by William Baird. 82 Jug. W. & C. Smith, Portobello, 1850. Lent by William Baird 83 Florentine Lion in buff glaze, made by W. & C. Smith, Portobello, about 1850. Lent by William Bairb 84 Coloured Earthenware Bowl. Portobello Ware. Lent by William Baird 85 Figures of Sailors, made in Portobello. Lent by William Baird. 86 Painted Embossed Jug. Probably Prestonpans Ware. Lent by Mrs. Robert Crawford. 87 Prestonpans Teapot. Lent by Robert Connell. 88 Swan in brown glaze, made at Portobello. Lent by William Baird. 89 Tavo small Plates in coloured glaze. Portobello Ware. Lent by William Baird. 90 Jug, with landscape, made by John Tough, Portobello, about 1840. Lent by William Baird. 91 Jug, made by Rathbone, Portobello. Lent by William Baird. 92 Cream Jug. Portobello Ware. Lent by William Baird. 93 Pair of Classic Figures. Portobello Ware, 1816 to 1840. Lent by William Baird. 94-95 Small Figures. Portobello Ware. Lent by William Baird. EAST GALLERY 739 CASES 25 AND 26. HISTORIC GLASS WARE. 1 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6| in. liigii, drawn bowl, tear stem, plain foot. The bowl elaborately decorated in diamond point engraving with a crowned cypher J. R. 8. and two verses of the Jacobite Anthem, all within elaborate scrolls. This glass (with the cypher of the "Chevalier St. George") refers to the Jacobite Rising of 1715. It was presented to Dr. Perry some time in the 18th century by Mrs. Ferrier (Miss Gordon of Croy), wife of Mr. Terrier, advocate, Edinburgh, who received it from his cousin. General Stuart. Lent by Mrs. Perry. 2 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6| in. high, drawn bowl, plain stem and foot. The bowl elaborately decorated in diamond point engraving with a crowned cypher J. R. 8. and two verses of the Jacobite Anthem, all within elaborate scrolls. This glass (bearing the cypher of the "Chevalier St. George,") refers to the Jacobite Rising of 1715. Lent by W. A. Baird. 3 Jacobite Goblet, 9| in. high, rectangular bowl, double knopped air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, and a medallion full-face portrait of Prince Charles Edward wearing a bonnet and a tartan tunic, surmounted by the motto, ' ' Auden- tior Ibo." Lent by Mr. Drane. 4 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, straight-sided bowl, double knopped air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose, one bud, and a thistle, all springing from one stem, and a medallion full-face portrait of Prince Charles Edward wearing a bonnet and tartan tunic, surmounted by the motto, " Audentior Ibo." Lent by Mr. Drane. 5 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, straight-sided bowl, double knopped air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with the Royal Oak of Boscobel, containing the crowns of the three Kingdoms of England, Ireland and Scot- land, and a full-face portrait of King Charles II. Lent by Mr. Drane. 6 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6| in. high, straight-sided bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a natural rose and one bud, and a spray of forget-me-not, both springing from one stem; with a star and the motto " fiat." Lent by Mr. Drane. 740 HISTORIC GLASS WARE 7 Jacobite Goblet, 7^ in. high, ogee bowl, air twist stem and plain foot. The bowl engraved with a profile portrait of Prince Charles Edward wearing a tartan tunic, encircled by a laurel wreath, together wiui a rose and two buds, thistle, star, and motto, " Fiat." Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 8 Jacobite Goblet, 8| in. high, straight-sided bowl, double knopped air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a seven petalled rose and two buds, and a star. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 9 Goblet, 7^ in. high, ogee bowl, cut stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a figure of Britannia holding an olive branch, surrounded by military emblems. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 10 Jacobite (?) Ale Glass, 8 in. high, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and one bud, and two ears of barley. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 11 Jacobite Wine Glass, 7 in. high, bell-shaped bowl, double knopped air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, and a star resting on the plume of a thistle. The engraving oil gilt. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 12 Jacobite Wine Glass, 7 in. high, bell-shaped bowl, double knopped air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, and a star resting on the plume of a thistle. The engraving oil gilt. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 13 Jacobite Wine Glass, 7 in. high, drawn bowl, air twist stem, folded foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 14 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, straight-sided bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a natural rose and one bud, a spray of forget-me-not, and a star. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 15 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6^ in. high, straight-sided bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with the arms of England and Scotland quarterly, and the motto, "Radiat," below the Prince of Wales' feathers. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 16 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, straight-sided bowl, ribbed twisted stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, and an oak leaf. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. EAST GALLERY 741 17 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, straight-sided bowl, ribbed twisted stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, and an oak leaf. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 18 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, straight-sided bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, and a thistle, with the motto " Success to the Society." Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 19 Jacobite Wine Glass, 5^ in. high, straight-sided bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl enamelled in colours, with a full-faced bust of Prince Charles Edward, wear- ing a flat blue bonnet and white cockade, and a tartan tunic. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 20 Masonic Firing Glass of waisted form, 3 in. high, engraved with masonic emblems, and the inscription "Mother Kilwinning" within a tablet. Damaged. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 21 Masonic Ftring Glass of waisted form, 3 in. high, engraved with masonic emblems, and the inscription "Mother Kilwinning" within a tablet. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 22 Bottle, 9 in. high, engraved with masonic emblems and F.L.S. 108 (Fortrose Lodge, Stornoway). Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 23 Masonic Dram Glass of drawn form, 4 in. high, white twist stem, ringed foot. The bowl engraved " St. Thomas's Lodge, Arbroath " ; the inscription oil gilt. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 24 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6f in. high, drawn bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, oak leaf, and motto, "Fiat." Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 25 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6| in. high, drawn bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, oak leaf, and motto, " Fiat." Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 26 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, drawn bowl, air twist stem, plain foot, 'ilie bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, oak leaf, star, and motto, "Fiat." Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 27 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, drawn bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, oak leaf, star, and motto, " Fiat." Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 742 HISTORIC GLASS WARE 28 Jacobite (?) Wine Glass, 5| in. high, ogee bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a natural rose and bud, and a thistle, both on the same stem (the badge of Queen Anne). Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 29 Jacobite Wine Glass, 7 in. high, drawn bowl, stem cut in long flutes, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and one bud, and a thistle. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 30 Hanoverian (or anti- Jacobite) Wine Glass, 6 in. high, straight-sided bowl, double knopped air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose, the white horse of Hanover, and the motto, "Liberty," upon a label. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 31 Hanoverian (or anti-Jacobite) Wine Glass, 6^ in. high, ogee bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose, the white horse of Hanover, and the motto, "Liberty," upon a label — the engraving oil gilt. Lent by Mrs. Rees Price. 32 Goblet, 8| in. high, ogee bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a medallion of Britannia holding an olive branch, encircled with a wreath of oak. Lent by Rees Price. 33 Jacobite Wine Glass, 64 in. high, straight-sided bowl, double knopped air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a medallion full-face portrait of Prince Charles Edward, wearing bonnet and cockade and tartan tunic. Above is the motto, " Audentior Ibo " ; and at the sides are a rose and one bud, and a thistle. Lent by Rees Price. 34 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6| in. high, straight-sided bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with profile portrait of Prince Charles Edward, wearing a tartan tunic, encircled with a laurel wreath ; and a thistle and bud, rose and two buds, and a star. Lent by Rees Price. 35 Wine Glass, 6^ in. high, straight-sided bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a crowned thistle and the letters Lent by Rees Price. 36 Dram Glass, with cut stem. The bowl engraved with cyphers A.W. and J.D., within wreaths (Andrew Wylie and Jean Dobie were married c. 1795 in Glasgow). This glass was probably manufactured at the Geddes works in Glasgow. Lent by Rees Price. EAST GALLERY 743 37 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, straight-sided bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, a star, and the motto, "Redeat." Lent by Rees Price. 38 Jacobite Dram Glass, 3^ in. high, drawn form. The bowl engraved with rose and two buds, and a full-faced bust of Prince Charles Edward, wearing bonnet and cockade and tartan tunic, below which is the motto, " Audentior Ibo." Lent by Rees Price. 39 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6^ in. high, bell-shaped bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, oak leaf, and motto, "liat"; the foot engraved with the Prince of Wales' feathers. Lent by Rees Price. 40 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6^ in. high, drawn bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds ; the foot engraved with a spray of two oak leaves, all oil gilt. Lent by Rees Price. 41 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, rectangular straight-sided bowl, double knopped air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, and an oak leaf. Lent by Rees Price. 42 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6^ in. high, straight-sided bowl, double knopped air twist stem, plain foot (replacement). The bowl engraved with a rose and one bud, and an oak leaf. Lent by Rees Price. 43 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, bell bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose, two buds, and a star. Lent by Rees Price. 44 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6^ in. high, drawn bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, oak leaf, and star. Lent by Rees Price. 45 Bottle, dark green glass, the seal impressed with the name " Robt. Findlay," and the date 1755." Robt. Findlay, D.D., was born 1721, and died in 1813. He was in 1783 appointed Professor of Divinity in Glasgow University, an appointment which he held until his death at the age of 93. He was the great-great- grandfather of the lender. Lent by Robert Findlay. 744 HISTORIC GLASS WARE 46 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, straight-sided bowl, plain stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose, two buds, and a star — oil gilt. Lent by W. E. Wynn Penny. 47 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, straight-sided bowl, double knopped air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose, one bud, oak leaf, and motto, "Fiat." Lent by W. E. Wynn Penny. 48 Masonic Rummer, 5 in. high. The bowl engraved with two panels of masonic emblems, and one containing the cypher I.H.S. Lent by the Misses Alexander. 49 Masonic Dram Glass, 3^ in. high. The bowl engraved with a panel of masonic emblems, and one containing the cypher I.H.S. These two glasses were presented in 1812 to James Small, Jr., by the brethren of the Ancient Lodge of Dundee (No. 49) on his retiral from the ofl&ce of Worshipful Master. Lent by the Misses Alexander. 50 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6| in. high, rectangular straight- sided bowl, double knopped air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and one bud, and a medallion portrait of Prince Charles Edward wearing a bonnet and tartan tunic, surmounted by the motto, " Audentior Ibo." The foot engraved with a thistle, bud, and leaves. This specimen is supposed to have belonged to the Traquair family. Lent by Douglas M. Govan. 51 Dram Glass, thistle shaped. 52 Dram Glass, thistle shaped. 53 Dram Glass, thistle shaped. 54 Dram Glass, thistle shaped. 55 Dram Glass, thistle shaped. 56 Dram Glass, thistle shaped. 57 Dram Glass, thistle shaped. 58 Dram Glass, thistle shaped. Lent by Percy Bate. Lent by Percy Bate. Lent by Percy Bate. Lent by Percy Bate. Lent by Percy Bate. Lent by Percy Bate. Lent by Percy Bate. Lent by Percy Bate. 65.P745 JACOBITE GLASS WARE. EAST GALLERY 745 59 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6^ in. high, drawn bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, a thistle, a star, and the motto, "Fiat" (imperfect). Lent by Percy Bate. 60 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6^ in. high, straight-sided bowl, plain stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with two natural roses and two buds. Under the foot is engraved the usual conventional rose of six petals. Lent by Percy Bate. 61 Goblet, 9| in. high, ogee bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a crowned thistle and two buds. Formerly the property of the Boswells of Auchinleck. Lent by Percy Bate. 62 Jacobite Ale Glass, 8 in. high, drawn bowl, tear stem, folded foot. The bowl engraved with two ears of barley and a rose. Lent by Percy Bate. 63 Jacobite Ale Glass, 7 in. high, straight-sided bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a natural rose and one bud, thistle, and forget-me-not. Lent by Percy Bate. 64 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6^ in. high, bell bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and one bud. Lent by Percy Bate. 65 Jacobite Wine Glass, in. high, straight-sided bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl enamelled in colours with a full-faced portrait of Prince Charles Edward, wearing a flat blue bonnet and white cockade, and a tartan tunic. Lent by Percy Bate. 66 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, straight-sided bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, and a thistle, with the motto, " Success to the Society." Lent by Percy Bate. 67 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, straight-sided bowl, plain stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose of seven petals, and one bud. Lent by Percy Bate. 68 Jacobite Wine Glass, 7 in. high, drawn bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, oak leaf, and motto, "Fiat." Lent by Percy Bate. 69 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, drawn bowl, tear stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, and a star. Lent by Percy Bate. 746 HISTORIC GLASS WARE 70 Jacobite Wine Glass, 5f in. high, drawn bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, an oak leaf, and a star. Lent by Pebcy Bate. 71 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6f in. high, bell bowl, air twist stem with collar, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, a star, and the motto, "Redeat." Lent by Percy Bate. 72 Jacobite Wine Glass, 5 in. high, drawn bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, and an oak leaf. Lent by Percy Bate. 73 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, ogee bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with conventional festoons, a rose bud, and a lily of the valley. Lent by Percy Bate. 74 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, straight-sided bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose bud. Lent by Percy Bate. 75 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6^ in. high, straight-sided bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl cut at the base and engraved with a rose bud. Lent by Percy Bate. 76 Hanoverian (or anti- Jacobite) Wine Glass, 6^ in. high, straight-sided bowl, double knopped air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose, the white horse of Hanover, and the motto, "Liberty,' upon a label. Lent by Percy Bate. 77 Hanoverian (or anti- Jacobite) Wine Glass, 6^ in. high, ogee bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose, the white horse of Hanover, and the motto, "Liberty," upon a label — the engraving oil gilt. Lent by Percy Bate. 78 Glass Toddy LadlE; with blue and white twist handle. Lent by Percy Bate. 79 Goblet, 7^- in. high, drawn bowl, air twist siem, plain foot. The bowl inscribed in diamond point engraving, " Archd. Govan, Clerk to the Lord Drumore, 1754." Lent by Percy Bate. 80 Wine Glass, 6^ in. high, straight-sided bowl, cut stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a medallion of Britannia holding an olive branch, encircled by a wreath of oak. Lent by Percy Bate. EAST GALLERY 747 81 Glass Bowl on folded foot. The bowl decorated with trailed work, and inscribed in diamond point, " John Richie & Christian Cochrane, 1727," within elaborate scrolls. Lent by Percy Bate. 82 Firing Glass, 4 in. high. The bowl inscribed "Hammer- men's Corporation, Invss." Lent by Percy Bate. 83 Scottish Firing Glass (Dram glass). Lent by Percy Bate. 84 Scottish Firing Glass (Dram glass). Lent by Percy Bate. 85 Toddy Lifter. Lent by Percy Bate. 86 Toddy Lifter. Lent by Percy Bate. 87 Toddy Lifter, the bulb cut into the shape of a thistle. Lent by Percy Bate. 88 Wine Glass, 6| in. high, drawn bowl, air twist stem, folded foot. The bowl engraved "David Anderson, 1756." Possibly of Scottish manufacture. Lent by Percy Bate. 89 Rummer, with square-cut base. The bowl engraved with the vine and barley, a cypher C.H. and the motto "Honour 'and Friendship " above a cat playing the bagpipes. Lent by Percy Bate. 90 Glass Decanter, engraved with weaver's shears and shuttle, and the cypher "T.M.B." within a floral wreath. Lent by Percy Bate. 91 Glass Snuff Mull, pur fled decoration. Lent by Percy Bate. 92 Glass Snuff Mull, purfled decoration. Lent by Percy Bate. 93 Glass Bottle (Richardson's Patent), Vith reticulated orna- ment. In the neck is a leaden plug stamped with the Glasgow arms. Lent by Percy Bate. 94 Scottish Firing Glass (Dram Glass). The bowl decorated with a coat of arms, and inscribed "George Heriot's Hospital, 1628." Lent by Percy Bate. 95 Dram Glass. The bowl inscribed with the toast, "The Black Face o't." Said to have formerly belonged to the old Black Bull in the Trongate. Lent by Percy Bate. 748 HISTORIC GLASS WARE 96 Decanter, engraved with festoons, floral decorations, the badge of the Skinners' Incorporation of Glasgow, and initials " J.M.E." Lent by Mrs. Macdougall. 97 Jacobite Goblet, 7^ in. high, single ogee bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with vine decora- tion, and on one side a panel containing a full-face portrait of Prince Charles Edward wearing a bonnet and tartan tunic, with the letters P.C. ; and on the other side a panel containing a figure of Britannia bearing an olive branch. Lent by Col. R. Gordon Gilmour. 98 Bottle of dark green glass, late eighteenth century, the seal impressed with the crest and motto of the Gordons, Earls of Aberdeen. Lent by T. M. Dewar. 99 Bottle of dark green glass, late eighteenth century, the seal impressed with the crest and motto of the Gordons, Earls of Aberdeen. This bottle is full of port, and is said to be part of a gift of a pipe of wine from King George III. to the Duchess of Gordon, who raised the Gordon Highlanders. Lent by T. M. Dewar. 100 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6| in. high, straight-sided bowl, double knopped air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and bud, and a thistle, between which is a medallion portrait of Prince Charles Edward, wearing a flat bonnet and tartan tunic, surmounted by the motto, " Audentior Ibo." Lent by J. R. Moreton Macdonald. 101 Cut Glass Christening Bowl, made c. a.d. 1800 at Geddes' Verreville Glassworks, Anderston, Glasgow. Lent by John Geddes. 102 Small Whisky Bottle, out of which Prince Charles Edward is said to have had a dram at Culloden House. Lent by John F. Paterson. 103 Bottle of dark green glass, the seal impressed " Francis Muir, 1766." Lent by Miss Jane T. Irvine. 104 Wine Glass, drawn bowl, cut stem (repaired with new foot), engraved with inscriptions "Hodge Podge" and ''5 May, 1752," within wreaths. Lent by E. Simpson MacHarg. 105 Masonic Firing Glass, 3| in. high, white twist stem. The bowl engraved with masonic emblems and the cross of St. Andrew. Lent by William Chapman. EAST GALLERY 749 106 Pair of Glass Salt Cellars, formerly in the possession of an ancestor of the lender. Lent by Miss J. C, C. Macdonald. 107 Two small green Glass Bottles. Lent by Miss J. C. C. Macdonald. 108 A small Dram Glass. Lent by Miss J. C. C. Macdonald. 109 Dram Glass, thistle shape. Lent by Miss J. C. C. Macdonald. 110 Dram Glass, thistle shape. Lent by Miss J. C. C. Macdonald. 111 Dram Glass, thistle shape. Lent by Miss J. C. C. Macdonald. 112 Dram Glass, thistle shape. Lent by Miss J. C. C. Macdonald. 113 Dram Glass, thistle shape. Lent by Miss J. C. C. Macdonald. 114 Dram Glass, thistle shape. Lent by Miss J. C. C. Macdonald. 115 Dram Glass, thistle shape. Lent by Miss J. C. C. Macdonald. 116 Glass Toddy Filler. Lent by Miss J. C. C. Macdonald. 117 Large Green Glass Bottle, c. 1800, probably of Scottish manufacture. Lent by A. H. Bishop. 118 Small Green Glass Bottle, c. 1800, probably of Scottish manufacture. Lent by A. H. Bishop. 119 Decanter of clear glass, late eighteenth century (?), possibly of Scottish origin. Lent by A. H. Bishop. 120 Decanter, bearing the crest of Campbell of Breadalbane and an earl's coronet ; probably the property of the 4th Earl and 1st Marquis of Breadalbane, a.d. 1762-1834. Lent by Dr. E. G. Salt. 121 Goblet, 10;^ in. high, straight-sided bowl, white twist stem with a hollow bulb, two knops, and three collars, folded foot. The bowl engraved with a thistle and royal crown, and inscribed " Success to Alexr. & Mary Ogelby, 1761." "God save the King." The bulb contains a silver coin of Queen Anne. Lent by J. C. M. Ogilvie Forbes. 750 HISTORIC GLASS WARE 122 Scottish Firing Glass, 4| in high. Lent by W. Melven. 123 Rummer, 5 in. high. The bowl fluted at the base, and engraved above with thistles and festoons. Lent by W. Melven. 124 Wine Glass, 6^- in. high, draAvn bowl, air twist stem, folded foot. The bowl engraved "David Anderson, 1756." Possibly of Scottish manufacture. Lent by W. Melven. 125 Cut Glass Snuff Mull, engraved with sprays of rose and thistle. Lent by W. Melven. 126 Dram Glass, thistle shape. Lent by W. Melven. 127 Dram Glass, thistle shape. Lent by W. Melven. 128 Scottish Firing Glass, 3| in. high. Lent by W. Melven. 129 Hanoverian Wine Glass, 9 in. high, bell bowl, air twist stem implanted in knop with air bubbles, domed foot. The bowl decorated with diamond point engraving of floral and other emblems and mottoes of an anti- Jacobite character. On the upper part is the toast, "His Royal Highness Duke Wm. in A Bumper " ; while below a salamander concealed behind a pot of flowers is made to say, " Still secure"; a dog (?) says, "I am a fool"; a fox says, "I am a knave"; and a monkey, "All high Jacks." " Duke William " is the Duke of Cumberland. 130 Dram Glass, thistle shape. 131 Dram Glass, thistle shape. 132 Thistle-shaped Glass, 4| in. high. 133 Dram Glass, thistle shape, 4^ in. 134 Dram Glass, thistle shape. 135 Dram Glass, thistle shape. 136 Wine Glass, 5J in. high, single ogee bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl decorated in enamel, with the anchor of Anstruther. the castle of Edinburgh, and the inscription, "The Beggars Bennison." Lent by A. 0. CuRLE. Lent by A. 0. CURLE. Lent by A. 0. CuRLE. Lent by A. 0. CuRLE. high. Lent by A. 0. CuRLE. Lent by A. 0. CuRLE. Lent by A. 0. CuRLE. EAST GALLERY 751 This glass probably belonged to the Edinburgh branch of the "Beggars Benison'' Society of Anstruther — a secret association of the eighteenth century of a some- what Rabelaisian character. Lent by J. M 'Naught Campbell. 137 Dram Glass. The bowl inscribed " Prov. Allen's Club." This Club was the one known as "The Sober Club/' of which a glass is also exhibited (No. 138). Lent by Major F. W. Allan. 138 Wine Glass, 6| in. high, drawn bowl, plain stem and foot; the bowl inscribed "Sober Club, 1758." The Sober Club was a Glasgow Society. Lent by Major F. W. Allan. 139 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, drawn bowl, air twist stem, plain foot; the bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, oak leaf, star, and motto, " Fiat." Lent by Mrs. Oliver. 140 Wine Glass, 6 in. high, ogee bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a moth and palm branches on each side of a medallion of Britannia holding an olive branch. Lent by S. G. Hewlett. 141 Jacobite Firing Glass, 3f in. high, bell bowl, ringed foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, oak leaf, star, and motto, " Fiat." Lent by S. G. Hewlett. 142 Firing Glass, 3^ in. high, ogee bowl, white twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a crowned thistle. Lent by S. G. Hewlett. 143 Wine Glass, 6| in. high, drawn bowl, cut stem, plain foot. The bowl inscribed "Hodge Podge" and "5 May, 1752," within wreaths. Lent by Geo. Spiers. 144 Wine Glass, 7 in. high, drawn bowl, cut stem, plain foot. The bowl inscribed "Hodge Podge" and "5 May, 1752," within wreaths. The Hodge Podge Club is one of the few Glasgow convivial associations of the eighteenth century still surviving and flourishing. Lent by Geo. Spiers. 145 Jacobite Firing Glass, 3:^ in. high, straight-sided bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, an oak cut off but sprouting again, a star, and the motto, " Fiat " ; the foot engraved with the Prince of Wales' feathers. Lent by D. M. Robertson Macdonald. 146 Jacobite Firing Glass, 3^ in. high, straight-sided bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a 752 HISTORIC GLASS WARE rose and two buds, a shattered tree, an oak sapling, and the motto, " Revirescit ; the foot engraved with the Prince of Wales' feathers within a coronet. Lent by D. M. Robertson Macdonald. 147 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6| in. high, bell bowl, knopped air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a natural rose, two buds and thistle, surrounding a medal- lion full-face portrait of Prince Charles Edward wearing a tartan tunic, which is surmounted by the motto, Audentior Ibo." Lent by Philip Nelson. 148 Jacobite Wine Glass, 6 in. high, straight-sided bowl, air twist stem, plain foot. The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, an oak leaf, and the motto "Fiat." Lent by Philip Nelson. 149 Jacobite Ale (?) Glass, 8 in. high, bell bowl, air twist stem, plain foot (imperfect). The bowl engraved with a rose and two buds, an oak leaf, and the motto " Fiat." Lent by Philip Nelson. 150 Cut Glass Snuff Mull (silver-mounted), engraved J.H.D." Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 151 Bottle, dark green glass, the seal impressed with the name "los Dalyzell" and the date " 1738." Lent by William Dalziel. CASE 27. MASONRY. 1 Set of ten Masonic Jewels, belonging to St. Regulus Lodge, Cupar-Fife. Lent by James T. Gordon. 2 Set of six Masonic Jewels, presented by Lord Blantyre in 1774. Lent by Lodge County Kilwinning, No. 370, Paisley. 3 Masonic Coin, dated 1790. Lent by Captain W. D. Cassady. 4 An old Masonic Silver Badge. Lent by Mrs. Melvin. 5 Minute Book of Lodge, 1642-1758. Lent by Lodge Mother Kilwinning, No. 0. 6 Minute Book of the Roman Lodge, 1735-37. Lent by the Grand Lodge of Scotland. 7 Minute Book of the Lodge of St. Andrew, Dumfries, 1788. Lent by the Grand Lodge of Scotland. 8 Lodge Seal. Lent by Lodge Mother Kilwinning, No. 0. EAST GALLERY 753 9 Mallet made from the oak foundation of the Old Stockwell Bridge. Lent by the Lodge Glasgow St. John, No. 3 bis. 10 Masonic Mallet painted. Lent by Major MacRae-Gilstrap. 11 Old Mell. Lent by the Lodge Glasgow St. John, No. 3 bis. 12 Mallet, made from the oak taken from the Lodge room of Mother Kilwinning, erected in 1604. Lent by Robert A. Peacock. 13 Three old Masonic Aprons. Lent by the Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. 14 Old Masonic Sash. Lent by the Lodge Glasgow St. John, No. 3 bis. 15 Bible, presented to the Lodge by William, 7th Earl of Dundonald, R.W.M. in 1752. Lent by Lodge County Kilwinning, No. 370, Paisley. 16 Chisel, found at the foundation of the Old Stockwell Bridge. Lent by the Lodge Glasgow St. John, No. 3 bis. 17 Old Bible, dated 1700. Lent by the Lodge Glasgow St. Mungo, No. 27. 18 Procession Mallet. Lent by the Lodge Glasgow St. Mungo, No. 27. 19 Old Oak Charter Box. Lent by the Lodge St. Andrew, Crail, No. 83. CASE 28. 20 Diploma of John Brown. Lent by J. MacNaught Campbell. 21 Minute Book dated 1762-1793. Lent by the Lodge Glasgow St. Mungo, No. 27. 22 Old Banner. Lent by the Lodge Glasgow St. Mungo, No. 27. 23 Various Articles belonging to the " Beggars Benison Arcana" of Anstruther : A Pewter Platter, a Brass Horn, a Brass Plate for Box, two Sashes, three Medals, two Diplomas. Lent by J. MacNaught Campbell. ON NORTH WALL. 24 St. Clair Charter, 1600-1601. Lent by the Grand Lodge of Scotland. 25 St. Clair Charter, 1628. Lent by the Grand Lodge of Scotland. 754 MASONRY 26 Masonic Banner. Lent by the Dundee Free Library Committee. 27 Portrait of William St. Clair, Roslin, H.G.M.M. Initiated a Mason in Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, 1736. Painted by Allan Eanisay. Lent by Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, No. 2, Edinburgh. ON FLOOR. 28 Old Charter Chest, 1729-1762. Leut by the Lodge Glasgow St. Mungo, No. 27. 29 Oak Charter Chest, carved, and dated 1684. Lent by the Lodge St. John, Glasgow, No. 3 bis. CASE 29. 30 The Second Minute Book of the Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, Edinburgh, No. 2, dated 1735-1760. Lent by Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, Edinburgh. 31 The Mallet used at the building of Roslin Chapel, a.d. 1446. Lent by Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, Edinburgh. 32 Old " Temple " Clothing. Lent by Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, Edinburgh. 33 Snuff Mull, dated 1820, used by the Lodge. Lent by Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, Edinburgh. 34 An Old " Tyler's " Coat and Vest. Lent by Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, Edinburgh. ON NORTH WALL. 35 Deed of Election of Bro. Wm. St. Clair of Roslyn, dated 30th November, 1736. Lent by Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, Edinburgh. WEST WALL. FURNITURE. 44 Piece of Ceiling taken from old house in South Street, St. Andrews. It is decorated in tempera with renaissance ornament, and shows the initials e.a., understood to be those of Elizabeth Arthur, wife of Archbishop Patrick Adam son, about 1617. Lent by the Senate of St. Andrews University. 45. Fragment of a Ceiling decorated in tempera. Lent by the Dundee Free Library Committee. For rest of Furniture^ see Vestibule, Staircase, and South Gallery. STAIRCASE TO BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLEBY. Notices by Rev. Professor Cooper. The student of Scottish History should not omit the Collection of Engravings, Views, etc., on the Staircase; for while this exhibit is perhaps somewhat miscellaneous, it contains a large number of Portraits of considerable interest; some original Drawings by Billings of Scottish Buildings ; Views of Old Glasgow ; Illustrations of Progress in Engineering; and it closes with two rare and curious Pictures of old-world State Processions. A conspicuous feature is the valuable Collection of Engraved Portraits of Scottish Ministers, lent by the Rev. J. J. Drummond of Jedburgh. Mr. Downie, Mr. Hedder- wick, Mr. Ross, Messrs. Stephen, and Denny Brothers are also important contributors. Special treasures are the Crayon Portraits from life of Professor Alexander AVilson and the Rev. Edward Irving. J. C. 516 Fancy painting, late 18th century. ''Murder of David Rizzio," in the presence of Queen Mary, at Holyrood, 1566. Lent by David Simpson. 517 John Napier of Merchiston. (See No. 34, North Gallery.) Lent by Miss M'Ewan. 518 Bishop Elphinstone. (See No. 3, North Gallery.) Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 519 Rev. Principal Leech man. (See No. 343, Mid Gallery.) Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 520 Sir William Forbes of Pitsligo, Bart., junior, banker. Engraved by Ward, from painting by Sanders. Lent by Robert Downie. 520a George Meikle Kemp (1795-1844.) Architect of the Scott Monument, Edinburgh ; with contemporary photographs shewing the building in course of erection. Lent by John Thomson. 521 James Stuart, aged 115. A wandering minstrel in the Border counties, who said he was a grandson of General John Stuart, had fought at Prestonpans and Culloden and talked with Prince Charles Edward. He was living at Tweedmouth when this picture was executed, 1844. Lent by John A. Fairley. 756 PORTRAITS 522 John Ceaig (1512-1600). Reformer, colleague of John Knox; author of " Craig's Catechism " ; approved of the Episcopacy agreed on at Convention of Leith, 1571, and helped to consecrate Bishop Cunningham of Aberdeen, 1577. Photograph from painting in possession of the late Sir James Gibson Craig, Bart. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 523 Sir William Forbes, Bart, of Pitsligo, the elder. Born 1739, grand-nephew through his mother of the pious Lord Pitsligo of the '45; partner with Messrs. Coutts, banker, 1754; consulted on finance by William Pitt, 1790; bought Pitsligo estates, 1781 ; friend of Johnson and biographer of Beattie; died 1806. Lent by Robert Downie. 523a Port of Leith, about 1780. Oil painting. Lent by J. Graham. 524 Boy in tartan, said to be Prince Charles Edward, but really a son of Duke of Leeds. Original in collection of Earl of Rosebery. Lent by William M'Millan. 525 James, 3rd Marquis and 1st Duke of Hamilton. Beheaded for supporting Charles I., 1649. Engraved by Mytens from painting by Vandyke. Lent by Alexander Ross. 526 "The Hot Blast." Portraits of J. B. Neilson, C. Mackintosh, J. AVilson, J. Dunlop, R. Aiken, A. KiRKWooD. A. Bannatyne. Lent by Bannatyne, Kirkwood, France & Co. 527 "Covenanters' Preaching." (Fancy Picture.) Engraved after Sir George Harvey, P.R.S.A. Lent by John W. Smith. 528 Thomas Coutts (1735-1822). Son of Provost John Coutts of Edinburgh ; founder of London banking firm, Coutts & Co. Lent by Robert Downie. 529 James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran and 1st Duke of Chatelherault ; Governor of Scotland, 1542; died 1595. Lent by Alexander Ross. 530 John, 1st Marquis of Hamilton. Born 1532; 2nd son of No. 529; supported Queen Mary; escaped to France, 1579 ; returned to Scotland, 1584 ; estates restored to him, 1588; created Marquis, 1599; died 1604. Lent by Alexander Ross. 531 James, 2nd Marquis of Hamilton (1589-1625). (See No. 25, North Gallery.) Lent by Alexander Ross. 532 James, 1st Duke of Hamilton. (See No. 525.) Lent by Alexander Ross. STAIRCASE TO BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 757 533 William, 2nd Duke of Hamilton. (See No. 32, North Gallery.) Lent by Alexander Ross, 534 Rev. Alexander Carlyle, D.D. Minister of Inveresk. (See No. 175, North Gallery.) Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 535 Rev. Principal Carstairs. (See No. 136, North Gallery.) Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 536 Rev. Alexander Webster, D.D., 1707-1784, minister of Tolbooth Church, Edinburgh; leader of Evangelical party, while noted for his conviviality; mainly instru- mental in founding Ministers' Widows' Fund. The print is from a fine full-length portrait by Martin, at 22 Queen Street, Edinburgh. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 537 Duncan Forbes of Culloden, Lord President of Court of Session. (See No. 141, North Gallery.) 538 Rev. Dr. John Erskine. (See No. 341, Mid Gallery.) Lent by W. R. Currie. 539 Rev. Sir Henry Moncrieff, D.D. (See No. 252, North Gallery.) Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 540 Rev. Edward Irving. (See portrait 589; also bust in North Gallery, No. 454.) Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 541 Rev. David Dickson, D.D. Minister of St. Cuthbert's, Edinburgh, 1803-1842. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 542 Charles [Douglas], 3rd Duke of Queensberry and 2nd Duke of Dover, 1698-1778. The patron of the poet Gay. 543 Rev. Dr. Douglas, Minister of Galashiels. "A small engraving in the lower corner of the Stair- case I discovered to be a portrait of the Rev. D. Douglas, Galashiels, a contemporary and friend of Scott, who admired him for his shrewdness and lack of bigotry. It was from him Scott purchased the lands of Clartyhole, which became the nucleus of Abbotsford." Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 544 View op Elgin, High Street, showing the old Tolbooth in middle of the street, with St. Giles' Church behind it. The tall house was abode of the Milns of Milnfield ; it still stands, though re-faced to be ofl&ces of City of Glasgow Bank. -^^^^ ^ij C. J. Forbes. 545 DuNTUiLM Castle, Skye. Lent by C. J. Forbes. 546 John Lockhart, Esq., late Commander of H.M. Ship ''Tartar." Engraved by M'Ardell, after Reynolds. Lent by T. Greensbields Leadbetteb. 758 PORTRAITS 547 Right Rev. Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury. (See No. 129, North Gallery.) Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 548 Very Rev. Principal John Tulloch. Born 1823; leader of the more orthodox "Broad" school in the Church of Scotland; a noble orator and fine preacher, much ad- mired by Queen Victoria; Principal of S. Mary's College, St. Andrews; died 1886. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 549 Rev. Professor Robert Lee, D.D. Minister of Old Grey- friars. Introduced organ and other "innovations" (1804-1868). L^^^ J J Di^uMMOND. 550 Election of the Rev. Ebenezer Erskine as Moderator of the First Secession Presbytery at Gairney Bridge, 6th December, 1793. A fancy picture, but introducing real portraits of the "Fathers of the Secession Church": Revs. Tlios. Mair, W. Wilson, J. Fisher, Alex. Moncrieff, Ralph Erskine, and Ebenezer Erskine. (See portraits of the Erskines, Nos. 143 and 156 in North Gallery.) ^^^^^ ^^3^ Hector. 551 Professor Alexander Wilson. (See No. 206, North Gallery.) j^^^^ Frederick W. Wilson. 552 Rev. James Macknight, D.D. (See No. 207, North Gallery.) j^^^^ ^yj Rev. J. J. Drummond 553 The General Assembly, 1780. The meeting-place is one of the churches into which at that time St. Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, was divided. The Lord High Commissioner (for George III.) is George, 8th Earl of Dalhousie, who inherited the Panmure estates, 1782; with him is the Marquis of Huntly (afterwards Alexander, 4th Duke of Gordon, husband of Jane Maxwell) ; the Moderator is the Rev. Harry Spens, minister of Wemyss ; among the clergy are Prin- cipal Robertson, Professor Findlay, Drs. Wishart, M 'Knight, Alex. Carlyle, and Alex. Webster; Lord Rutherford, Procurator of the Church; Hon. Henry Erskine, Sir Henry Moncrieff, and James Boswell, pleading for a client at the bar. Lent by James D. Herbert son. 554 Rev. Thomas Boston of Ettrick (1677-1732), the most saintly Scottish minister of his time, and leader of "The Marrow Men." (See Mid Gallery, Case 1, for his Bible.) Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 555 Key to picture of the General Assembly. (No. 553.) Lent by George Eyre-Todd. 557 Rev. Thomas Reid, LL.D. Metaphysician. (See No. 174, North Gallery.) Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond STAIRCASE TO BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 759 558 Rev. Principal George Campbell, Marischal College, Aberdeen. (See No. 337a, Mid Gallery.) Lent by Rev. J. J. Deummond. 559 John Knox {?). In spite of Thomas Carlyle it is difficult to believe this a genuine portrait of the Reformer. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 560 John Hunter LL.D. (1745-1837). .'rofessor of Humanity and afterwards Principal of th. United College, St. Andrews; classical scholar; pub'' 'led (at Cupar-Fife) editions of Sallust, Horace, Csesiv and Virgil. Engraved after splendid full-lei 'h portrait by Sir John Watson Gordon in possession t University of St. Andrews. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 561 Rev. Hugh Blair, D.D., 1718-1800. Minister of High Church (St. Giles), Edinburgh, and Professor of Rhetoric and Belles Lettres. Most elegant Scottish preacher of his time; "Sermons" admired by Johnson, but out of fashion during "Ten Years' Conflict" when one zealous lady declared they "were not fit for Sunday reading!" Engraved by Bartolozzi, after Raeburn. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 562 Rev. James Robertson, D.D. Minister of South Leith, 1804-32. Engraved by Alex. Hay, after George Watson. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 563 Rev. John Home, entitled "John Home, Esq.," author of "Douglas." (See No. 210, North Gallery.) After Raeburn. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. o64 View of Castle Urquhart, on Loch Ness. Lent by C. J. Forbes. 565 Rev. Principal William Robertson. Historian of Charles v., Scotland and America; leader of the Moderate party in the Church of Scotland ; born 1721 ; son of Rev. William Robertson, minister of Borthwick (author of 25th Paraphrase) ; member of Allan Ramsay's "Select Club," 1754; minister of Old Grey- friars (colleague of Dr. Erskine, Nos. 341, 358) ; house attacked by a Protestant mob because he favoured simple toleration for Roman Catholics ; died 1793. Engraved by Dixon, after " an excellent likeness " by Sir Joshua Reynolds, published 1772. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 566 Rev. David Johnstone, D.D. Minister of North Leith from 1765 to 1824; got a new church built 1811; original secretary and great supporter of Blind Asylum, Edinburgh. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 760 PORTRAITS 567 Very Rev. Principal George Husband Baird, Edinburgh, 1793, and minister of St. Giles, 1801. Did much for education in the Highlands, and regarded as founder of the Church of Scotland's Education Scheme. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 568 Right Rev. Alexander Jolly, Bishop of Moray, called "the Saint of Moray." Born 1756; died at Fraser- burgh, 1838, Regarded as the "very model of a primitive bishop." Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 569 Rev. Professor Stevenson M'Gill, D.D. (See No. 241, North Gallery.) From full-length painting in Glasgow University Library. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 570 Very Rev. Principal Duncan Macfarlane. Born 1771 ; ordained 1792; principal of Glasgow University, 1824- 57 ; elected Moderator of the General Assembly after withdrawal of Dr. Chalmers and the Free Church, 1843. Original picture in Glasgow University. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 571 Right Rev. John Skinner, Bishop of Aberdeen. Born 1744; son of the poet (see No. 384 in wall case, Mid Gallery) ; Bishop of Aberdeen 1786-1816 ; obtained removal of the penal disabilities against Scottish Episcopal Church, 1792 ; and effected union between it and English Episcopalian congregations in Scotland, 1804 ; died 1816. He wears the usual dress of a Scottish bishop of his time, black gown with scarf and bands, but no rochet or lawn sleeves. There is an oil portrait of his son, Bishop William Skinner, in Mid Gallery, Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 572 Rev. Dr. John Erskine. (See No. 341, Mid Gallery.) Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 573 Professor Dugald Stewart, 1753-1828. Philosopher of wide influence, professor of moral philosophy, Edin- burgh, 1785. Lejjt j^^^ NiSBET. 574 Rev. Henry Garnock. Minister of Canongate, Edinburgh, from 1811 to 1820. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 575 Rev. Robert Balfour, D.D. Minister of the Outer High (Cathedral nave) Church, Glasgow, 1779-1818. Painted by Paillou ; engraved by Scott. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 576 Rev. Thomas Somerville, D.D. Minister of Jedburgh, 1772-1830 ; wrote useful histories of the Restoration and fall of the Stuarts. Friend of Hume and Robertson ; father-in-law of the celebrated lady scientist, Mary Somerville. His Autobiography was published in 1861. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. STAIRCASE TO BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 761 577 Rev. John Burns, D.D. Minister of the Barony, Glasgow; ordained 1774. The congregation then worshipped in the Cathedral crypt (see description in ''Rob Roy"), but Burns got the (old) Barony church, in which Dr. Norman Macleod preached, built in 1798; died ''Father of the Church" in 1839. Ancestor of Lord Inverclyde. From a full-length portrait in Glasgow University Library. The wig without powder was in fashion about 1820. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 578 Rev. William Ritchie, D.D. Travelled on Continent and made acquaintance of Necker and Mjidame de Stael; minister of St. Andrew's parish, Glasgow, 1802, where he introduced an organ (built by James Watt), but the Provost complained to the Presbytery, and the organ was removed. Dr. Ritchie was translated to St. Giles, Edinburgh, 1808 ; elected Professor of Divinity there 1809; died 1830. Painted by Tannock, engraved by Hodgetts. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 579 Rev. Principal George Hill, St. Andrews. (See 191 in North Gallery.) Engraved by Hodgetts, after Syme, and published the year of Dr. Hill's death, 1819. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 580 Rev. Andrew Hunter, D.D. Born 1743; studied at Edin- burgh and Utrecht; minister of New Greyfriars', Edin- burgh, 1779 ; Professor of Divinity, 1779 ; and minister of Tron Church, Edinburgh, 1786 ; Moderator of General Assembly, 1792; died 1809. After Raeburn. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 581 Original Drawings of Dunblane Cathedral made for Billings' "Baronial and Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland." Lent by J. B. Dunn. 582 Margaret [Tudor], Queen of James IV. (See No. 13, North Gallery.) Lent by A. W. H. Hedderwick. 583 James [Stewart], Earl of Moray, Regent of Scotland; assassinated 1561. Lent by A. W. H. Hedderwick. 584 Rev. Principal Francis Nicoll, D.D. Born at Lossie- mouth ; minister of Mains, 1799 ; principal of United College, St. Andrews, 1819 ; rector of the University, 1822 ; succeeded Dr. Hill as leader of the Church of Scotland. Engraved after fine full-length by Raeburn at 22 Queen Street, Edinburgh. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 762 PORTRAITS 585 Rev. Thomas Chalmers, D.D. Engraved from the portrait by Duncan, No. 243 in North Gallery. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 586 Jedburgh Abbey. (See No. 581.) Lent by J. B. Dunn. 587 Dunfermline Abbey. (See No. 581.) Lent by J. B. Dunn. 588 Rev. Andrew M. Thomson, D.D. First minister of St. George's, Edinburgh, which was built for him, 1814; died 1831. Called the Lion of St. George's from his grand appearance and the force and splendour of his eloquence; a keen controversialist in "the Apocrypha Controversy" and a powerful pleader against slavery; he would probably have led the Evangelicals in the Ten Years' Conflict, but he died ere the fray began. Interested in church music, he composed the tune "St. George's, Edinburgh" to the 24th Psalm, then usually sung at the bringing in of the elements at Holy Communion. It was said that Edinburgh never saw such a funeral as his. After a portrait by George Watson, now in the New College, Edinburgh. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 589 Rev. Edward Irving. A chalk drawing taken from life. (See fine marble bust. North Gallery, No. 454.) Lent by his son, Dr. Irving. 590 James, Earl of Arran, Duke of Chatelherault. (See No. 529.) Lent by A. W. H. Hedderwick. 591 Engraving of Engine of the " Comet " and Engine of Robert Fulton's "Clermont," and "Screw Propeller." Lent by Denny Brothers, 592 William Stephen, engineer ; founder of Fairfield Works. Enlarged photograph. Lent by Alex. Stephen and Sons, Ltd. 593 Rev. Alexander Duff, D.D. Born 1806; missionary of the Church of Scotland to India; founder of Mission School, Calcutta; joined the Free Church, 1843; Moderator of the Free Church General Assembly, 1851; condemned Canning's policy at time of Indian Mutiny, 1858; first missionary professor in Calcutta University; died 1878. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 594 Rev. R. S. Candlish, D.D. Born 1806; educated at Glasgow; minister of St. George's, Edinburgh, 1833; from 1839 took leading part on Non-Intrusion side in the Ten Years' Conflict; "went out," 1843; leader of Free Church after death of Dr. Chalmers; principal of New College, 1862; died 1873. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. STAIRCASE TO BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 763 595 Rev. Dr. Buchanan. Lent by Rev. J. J. Deummond. 596 Rev. Walter Buchanan, D.D. Minister of Canongate, Edinburgh, from 1789-1832; one of the founders of the Magdalen Hospital in that city; a friend of Rev. Charles Simeon, leader of Evangelicals in the Church of England. Engraved by Dawe from painting by Nicholson. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 597 Dunblane Cathedral. (See No. 581.) Lent by J. B. Dunn. 598 Dunblane Cathedral. (See No. 581.) Lent by J. B. Dunn. 599 Dunfermline Abbey. (See No. 581.) Lent by J. B. Dunn. 600 Sweetheart Abbey. (See No. 581.) Lent by J. B. Dunn. 601 James [Douglas] Earl of Morton. Regent of Scotland, 1572; beheaded, 1581. Lent by A. W. H. Hedderwick. 602 Mary, Queen of Scots. (See Nos. 4 and 9, North Gallery.) Lent by A. AV. H. Hedderwick. 603 John, 1st Marquis of Hamilton. (See No. 530.) Lent by A. W. H. Hedderwick. 604 James, 2nd Marquis of Hamilton. (See No. 25, North Gallery.) Lent by A. W. H. Hedderwick. 605 James, 1st Duke of Hamilton. (See No. 532.) Lent by A. W. H. Hedderwick. 606 James [Graham] Marquis of Montrose. (See No. 35, North Gallery.) Lent by A. W. H. Hedderwick. 607 William, 2nd Duke of Hamilton. (See No. 32, North Gallery.) Lent by A. AV. H. Hedderwick. 608 William [Kerr], 3rd Earl of Lothian. Born 1605 ; eldest son of William Kerr, 1st Earl of Ancrum ; served under Duke of Buckingham, 1627; Earl of Lothian, 1631; signed National Covenant; fought with his kinsman Argyll against Montrose, 1644 ; general of Scottish forces, 1650; refused abjuration oath, 1662; died 1675. Lent by A. W. H. Hedderwick. 609 Archibald [Campbell], 9th Earl of Argyll. Eldest son of Archibald, 1st Marquis of Argyll (beheaded, 1661) ; joined Highland royalists, 1653; well received at Court, 1660 ; opposed arbitrary measures of James, 764 PORTRAITS Duke of York (afterwards James VII.), 1680; opposed the test, 1681 ; condemned to death for treason, but escaped to London and Holland, 1682; privy to the Rye House Plot, 1683; invaded Scotland (in conjunction with Monmouth's rebellion in England) ; defeated at Inveraray; taken prisoner, and beheaded (without new trial) on his former sentence at Edinburgh, 1685. Lent by A. W. H. Hedderwick. 610 John [Graham] Viscount Dundee. (See No. 110, North Gallery.) Lent by A. W. H. Hedderwick. 611 Sir Ralph Abercromby. (See No. 211, North Gallery.) Lent by A. W. H. Hedderwick. 612 Rev. William Glover, D.D. Minister of Greenside Parish, Edinburgh, 1837 ; remarkable for his power over young men, of whom he sent many into the ministry. Father-in-law of the late Very Rev. Principal Caird. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 613 Rev. Lewis Gordon, D.D. Minister of Drainie, 1768; Moderator of General Assembly, 1815 ; translated to Elgin, same year, 1815; the first minister there to attend funerals since the Revolution, and the folk thought it a craze ! None who saw him as moderator had ever seen so handsome a man in the chair, or saw his like again. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 614 Rev. William Muir, D.D. Born 1787; minister of St. George's, Glasgow (founded the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, where is his portrait) ; translated to St. Stephen's, Edinburgh; Moderator of General Assembly, 1838; said to have advised the government that "a few hot-headed fellows ' ' would secede ; leader of the Edinburgh clergy who did not go out at the Disrup- tion, 1843 ; extremely conservative in theology and worship; Dean of the Thistle, 1845; ''saw Satan at work" in Dr. Robert Lee's innovations; died 1869. Engraved by T. Lupton after Colvin Smith. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 615 Rev. Robert Dickson, D.D. Minister of South Leith from 1787 till 1824; declined moderatorship, 1812. "In his appearance there was an imposing majesty which gave force to his instructions." Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 616 Rev. Norman Macleod, D.D. (Father of the great Norman Macleod, and of the Very Rev. Dr. Donald Macleod; brother of the "High Priest of Morven " who was father of Dr. John Macleod of Govan, and the Very Rev. Norman Macleod, Inverness) ; minister of Campsie, 1825, where he got present church built, 1829 ; STAIRCASE TO BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 765 translated to St. Columba's Glasgow, 1835 ; Moderator of the General Assembly, 1836 ; author of important works in fine Gaelic ; died 1862. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 617 Rev. Sir Henry Moncrieff, Bart. (See No. 252, North Gallery.) Mezzotint by Turner, after Raeburn. Lent by W. R. Currie. 618 Rev. John Inglis, D.D. Born 1763; succeeded Principal Robertson as minister of Old Greyf riars, Edinburgh ; Moderator of the General Assembly, 1804 ; originated the India missions of the Church of Scotland, 1824; a leading Moderate ; critics said he was best preacher in Edinburgh, but his style was not popular ; died 1834. He was father of the great lawyer, John Inglis, Lord Glencorse (1810-91). Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 619 Rev. George Cook, D.D. Son of a St. Andrews professor ; born 1772 ; minister of Laurencekirk, 1796-. 1829 ; professor of moral philosophy at St. Andrews, 1829-1845; leader of the Moderate party in the Ten Years' Conflict; author of excellent histories of the Reformation in Scotland, 1811, and of the Church of Scotland, 1815; Moderator, 1825; Dean of the Thistle; died 1845. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 620 Very Rev. Principal Robert Haldane, D.D. Born 1772; named after Robert Haldane, the lay evangelist; professor of Mathematics, St. Andrews, 1807-10; principal of St. Mary's College and professor of divinity, 1820-54; Moderator of the General Assembly, 1827; died 1854. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 621 Rev. James Finlayson, D.D. Minister of the High Church (S. Giles') (1799-1808) and Professor of Logic in the University of Edinburgh ; Moderator of the General Assembly, 1802; promoter of Chapels of Ease; died 1808. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 622 View of the Old Jail, or Tolbooth, of Edinburgh, euphe- mistically called "The Heart of Midlothian" (as the jail of Aberdeen was called "The Mids o' Mar"), from the Lawnmarket. Lent by John A. Faulds. 623 Tibbie Shiels. Celebrated and highly-respected hostess of the inn at St. Mary's Loch, much frequented by anglers, artists, and men of letters in the time of Hogg and Professor Wilson (Christopher North). Lent by Rev. Dr. Borland. 766 PORTRAITS 624 Reverend Thomas Guthrie, D.D. Famous preacher and philanthropist; born at Brechin, 1803; minister of Arbirlot, 1830; of Old Greyfriars', Edinburgh, 1837; of S. John's, 1840; supported Chalmers, and "came out" at the Disruption, 1843; minister of Free S. John's, 1843-1864; raised in twelve months £160,000 for churches and manses in connection with the Free Church, 1845-6; "Plea for Ragged Schools," 1847; Moderator of the Free Church General Assembly, 1862; died 1874. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 625 Rev. Thomas Clark, D.D. Minister of S. Andrew's Parish Church, Edinburgh, 1843-1857. He had previously been minister of Methven (1824-1843). For many years managed Colonial Scheme. His wife was a sister of Lord Rutherford, and his son was the well-known advocate, Mr. Rutherford Clark. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 626 Fancy Picture of the Signing of the National Covenant IN Greyfriars' Churchyard, Edinburgh, 1637. Lent by J. C. Laurie. 627 Painting of Gowrie House, scene of the Gowrie Conspiracy, 1600. Lent by David Gorrie. 628 Rev. Matthew Gardiner, D.D. Born in Glasgow, 1798; elected Moderator of the General Assembly by a majoritv of 262 to 59 over Dr. John Lee; died, " Father of the Church of Scotland," 1865. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 629 Rev. John Stuart, D.D. Minister of Newton-on-Ayr, 1847; of Stirling, 1853; of S. Andrew's, Edinburgh, 1857. A remarkably eloquent preacher. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 630 Painting of Burns' Cottage, 1816, by John Fleming. Lent by T. B. Rowan. 631 Rev. Robert Lundie. Minister of Kelso, 1808-32. Wrote from memory a remarkable Report of the Proceedings and Debate in the General Assembly respecting the election of Mr. Leslie to the Chair of Mathematics in the University of Edinburgh, 1805; his son, Archibald, became a missionary to ^amoa ; his daughter, Jane Catherine, married Rev. Horatius Bonar, D.D. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 632 Water-colour Drawing of the Birthplace of William and John Hunter, East Kilbride. (See Nos. 158 and 178 in North Gallery.) Painted by Dr. Charles Blatherwick. Lent by the Royal Faculty op Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow. STAIRCASE TO BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 767 633 Painting, " The Gowrie Conspiracy/' 1600. Lent by David Cameron. 634 Very Rev. Principal John Lee. Born 1779; M.D., 1801; Professor of Church History, St. Andrews, 1812-21 ; minister of Canongate, 1821 ; principal of Edinburgh University, 1840-59; and Professor of Divinity, 1843- 59; Moderator of the General Assembly, 1844; died 1859. One of his sons became Lord Lee, and another Professor of Church History, Glasgow University. Engraved by Burton, after Sir John Watson Gordon. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 635 Rev. John Paul, D.D. Minister of S. Cuthbert's, Edin- burgh, to which he was translated from Maybole, 1828, in succession to his uncle. Sir Henry Moncriefl (see No. 252, North Gallery) ; married, 1830, Margaret Balfour of Pilrig ; Moderator of the General Assembly, 1847. [Father of Sir James Balfour Paul, Lyon King.] Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 636 AuLD Brig o' Doon. Painted by John Fleming, 1816. Lent by T. B. Rowan. 637 The Clyde at Old Kilpatrick, showing Erskine House. Painted by Philip, 1802. Lent by James Grant Bis set. 638 Huntingtower Castle, near Perth. " Huntingtower is mine, Jeannie." Lent by David Gorrie. 639 The Fiddler's Close, High Street, Glasgow, showing houses with "fore stairs." Lent by M. L. Clapperton. 640 Rev. Robert Jamieson, D.D. Minister of S. Paul's parish, Glasgow ; Moderator of the General Assembly, 1872. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 641 Rev. John Purves, LL.D. Native of Lauderdale; minister of Lady Glenorchy s, Edinburgh, 1826-30; minister of Jedburgh, 1830-43, when he joined the Free Church ; contributed notice of Jedburgh to ' ' New Statistical Account of Scotland." Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 642 Rev. James M'Letchie. Minister of S. Thomas' Church, Leith, 1841 ; and of the High Church, Edinburgh, 1844. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 643 Rev. Norman Macleod, D.D. The famous minister of the Barony, Glasgow; born at Manse of Campbeltown, 1812, son of Rev. Norman Macleod (see No. C16) and Agnes Maxwell of Aros; minister of Loudon, 1838; one of the "forty" who advocated a middle course 768 PORTRAITS between the Moderates and the party which formed the Free Church; minister of Dalkeith, 1843; helped to found Evangelical Alliance, 1847 ; edited The Christian Instructor, 1849; translated to the Barony, 1851; began Good Words, 1860; controversy on the Sabbath, 1865 ; visited mission stations in India, 1867 ; Moderator of the General Assembly, 1868; died 1872. (For MS. see Mid Gallery, Case 33, No. 113.) This lithograph from portrait, " drawn from life by G. Matthew, 1845," when Macleod was minister of Dal- keith, is rather rare, and was unknown to Dr. Macleod's Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 644 Rev. David Dickson, D.D. Minister of S. Cuthbert's, Edinburgh, 1803-1842; noted for practical benevolence and missionary zeal. There is a statue of him at the base of the steeple of S. Cuthbert's Church. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 645 Alloway Kirk. Painted by John Fleming, 1816. Lent by T. B. Rowan. 646 Steamships "Comet," " Cleremont," etc., with detail plans of engines. L^^t by Denny Brothers. 647 Fancy Painting. Sketch for " Queen Mary's Visit to Stirling Castle." By William Simson, R.S.A. Lent by Arthur Kay. 648 Rev. Robert Flint, D.D. Minister of the East Parish of S. Nicholas, Aberdeen, 1859; subsequently minister of Kilconquhar ; Professor of Moral Philosophy, St. Andrews; and Professor of Divinity, Edinburgh. A great philosopher and divine, a powerful preacher, and a much-loved teacher. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 649 The Very Rev. Principal Story, D.D., LL.D. Minister of Rosneath, 1859 ; Professor of Church History, Glas- gow University ; Principal, 1898 ; Moderator of the General Assembly, 1894 ; accomplished writer, an eminent churchman, and brilliant orator. Engraved from painting by Sir George Reid (now at 22 Queen Street, Edinburgh). Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 650 Old Glasgow Bridge. Coloured lithograph. Lent by Dr. Hugh A. M'Lean. 651 Glasgow Cathedral, showing Western Towers. Lithograph, after Roberts. Lent by Alexander Ross. 652 Rev. Thomas Chalmers, LL.D. (See Nos. 243, North Gallery, and 295, Mid Gallery; also No. 585 on this Staircase.) This portrait, published in 1837, some years after his Moderatorship (1832), is interesting as STAIRCASE TO BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 769 showing clerical full dress at the period, and the " Geneva gown " as then worn; and also from the fact that it belongs to the Kirk Session of S. John's Church, Glasgow, which was built for Dr. Chalmers. (For Letters, see Mid Gallery, Wall Case 4, No. 133.) Lent by Minister and Kirk Session of S. John's. 653 Rev. Thomas Liddell, D.D. Minister of Lady Glenorchy's Church, Edinburgh, 1831 ; Principal of Queen's Col- lege, Kingston, Canada, 1841; minister of Lochmaben, 1850. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 654 Glasgow Cathedral and Bishop's Palace. Engraving after Hearne, published 1783. Lent by George Eyre-Todd. 655 ''Edib Ochiltree." Fancy portrait of delightful char- acter in Scott's " Antiquary." Painted by Andrew Geddes, R.S.A. Lent by Charles R. Cowie. 656 Rev. Professor William Milligan, D.D. Minister of Kilconquhar, 1850; Professor of Biblical Criticism, University of Aberdeen, 1862. One of the company of the Revisers of Authorised Translation of New Testa- ment ; distinguished commentator, and author of valu- able books on "The Resurrection," "Ascension and Heavenly Priesthood of our Lord," etc. First presi- dent of Scottish Church Society, 1892; Moderator of the General Assembly of 1882; father of Rev. Professor George Milligan, Glasgow University. From Painting by Sir George Reid, now at King's College, Aberdeen. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 657 Rev. George Ritchie, D.D. Minister of Jedburgh, 1843- 1876; Moderator of the General Assembly, 1870; died 1888; father of Professor Ritchie, St. Andrews. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 658 Water-colour Drawing of Edinburgh, by Alex. Nasmyth, showing the New Town in course of erection. Lent by James L. Kirkhope. 658a Fancy Picture of Tumult in Glasgow Cathedral. Coloured lithograph, after Nash. Lent by William Kennedy. 659 View of the City of Glasgow, 1777. Engraving. Lent by John Johnstone. 660 View of Glasgow Cathedral from the south. Lithograph, after Knox. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 661 View of Glasgow Cathedral. Water-colour. Lent by Dr. Hugh A. M'Lean. 2b 770 PORTRAITS 662 Rev. Principal William Robertson. (See 556.) This picture possesses special interest as belonging to Old Greyfriars' Church, Edinburgh, where Principal Robertson was minister. In Scott's " Guy Manner- ing " the distinguished stranger in Edinburgh about 1790 is taken, as a matter of course, on Sunday to Old Greyfriars' ''to hear the historian of Germany, Scot- land, and America." Lent by the Minister and Kirk Session of Old Greyfriars', per Alex. Stewart. 663 Rev. John Skinner. Poet; born, 1721, at Birse, Aber- deenshire, where his father was parish schoolmaster; teacher at Monymusk ; became an Episcopalian from conviction when the fortunes of that body in Scotland were at their lowest; ordained at Peterhead, 1742; Episcopal minister at Langside, living and officiating in a cottage at Linshart in that parish ; though he was not an ardent Jacobite, his place of worship was burned by the government troops, 1747, and he was imprisoned at Aberdeen for preaching to a congregation of more than four; published " Tullochgorum " (1776), a song which greatly contributed to the healing of political animosities still smouldering after the '45 ; correspondent of Robert Burns, who thought him one of the foremost of Scottish song-writers; died at Aberdeen, 1807; author of "Ecclesiastical History of Scotland," 1788. (See also contemporary portrait in Wall Case 1 in Mid Gallery.) His son John (see No. 571) and his grandson William (see No. 273, Mid Gallery) became in succession Bishops of Aberdeen in the Scottish Episcopal Church, and this print is lent by his great-grandson. His gown and prayer-book are in Case 13, North Gallery. Lent by Very Rev. the Dean of Edinburgh. 664 Very Rev. Principal John Cairo, D.D. Greatest pulpit orator in Scotland of his time. Native of Greenock ; minister of Newton-on-Avr. 1846; of Lady Tester's, 1847; of Errol, 1849; of Park Church, Glasgow, 1857; Professor of Divinity, Glasgow University, 1863; Prin- cipal, 1873; died 1898. [A fine portrait of him by Millais hangs in the Senate-room, Glasgow University, which may be seen on application.] Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 665 Rev. James Buchanan, D.D. Minister of North Leith, 1836. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 666 View of H.\milton, Slezer. Circa 1690. Lent by Alex. Ross. 667 Glasgow Green. Coloured litho., after W. Wilson. Lent by Dr. Hugh. A. M'Lean. STAIRCASE TO BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 771 668 John Hunter, Anatomist. Engraving by Wm. Sharp, after Sir Joshua Reynolds. (See No. 178, North Gal- lery, and Wall Case 2, Mid Gallery, No. 382.) Lent by Leslie Paton. 669 Rev. Rowland Hill (1744-1833). Preacher; son of Sir Rowland Hill, Bart. ; a deacon of the Church of Eng- land, but refused priest's orders on account of his "irregular preaching" — often visited Scotland as a preacher, caused considerable stir, and exercised no little influence on the revival of evangelical views in the north. Lent by Rev. J. J. Drummond. 670 Allow AY Kirk. Painted, 1816, by John Fleming. Lent by 1'. B. Rowan. 671 Thomas Campbell, the poet. (See No. 226, North Gallery, and No. 266, Mid Gallery.) Engraved by Reynolds, after portrait by Lonsdale. Lent by A. W. H. Hedderwick. 672 Glasgow High Green, with Hutcheson Bridge. Engraving, after W. Harvey. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 673 View of Glasgow Cathedral and iVrchbishop's Castle. Ill- drawn, but showing original form of the great west window. Taken from Kirk Street. Lithograph, after A. Henderson. Lent by Dr. Hugh A. M'Lean. 674 Habbie Simpson, the Piper of Kilbarchan : quaint coloured print. Lent by John A. Fairlie. 675 Highland Scene. Lent by William Reid. 676 Glasgow Green. Oil painting by Knox, showing M 'lire's Wail, S. Andrew's Episcopal Church, Merchants' House and Steeple, and a bit of the old bridge erected by Bishop Rae. Lent by D. M. Watson. 677 Gov AN Ferry. Oil painting by Knox, 1831. Lent by Miss Sorley. 678 Kirklee on the Kelvin. Oil painting by A. D. Robertson. Lent by W. D. Main. 679 The Clyde at Govan, 1848. Painted by Thomas Fairbairn. Water-colour. Lent by W. Mollison. 680 Series of Photographs of Early Members of the Firm or Denny Brothers, Dumbarton : James Denny, Alex- 772 PORTRAITS ander Denny, William Denny, Peter Denny, and Archibald Denny. Lent by Denny Brothers. 681 Old Stockwell Bridge, Glasgdw. Oil painting. Lent by Thos. S. Bisset. 682 Dumbarton in Glass-making Days. Oil painting by Knox. Lent by Peter Denny of Crosslet. 683 Water-colour Drawing of Old Go van Ferry in 1838. Lent by Robert Harvey. 684 Steamships. A series of prints. Lent by George Henderson. 685 Rob Roy MacGregor. Coloured print. Lent by Robert Eadie. 686 Provand's Lordship, Glasgow. Photograph, taken 1909. Lent Dy M. L. Clapperton. 687 Elphinstone Tower and S. Ninian's Chapel, Gorbals, Glasgow. These interesting old buildings were unfor- tunately removed in 1870. Sketch in Indian ink. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 688 House of Dr. Cullen, Hamilton. (See No. 186, North Gallery.) Dr. Cullen was born at Hamilton in 1710, and practised there before his appointment as Professor at Glasgow, 1751. (For Diplomas and Commissions, see Case 6, Mid Gallery, Nos. 45-48.) Water-colour by J. Morris Henderson. Lent by the Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow. 689 Old House, Perth. Fancy has associated it with the Fair Maid of Perth, a fictitious character in Sir Walter Scott's romantic novel. Lent by David Cameron. 690 Deacon Brodie and Smith, noted Edinburgh criminals of the 18th century. Brodie might have been the original of " Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde '' ; he lived as a respectable builder, dined with well-to-do people, and went back at night and robbed their houses ; he was convicted at last and hanged. Smith was his accomplice. Lent by John A. Fairlie. 691 City of Glasgow. Lithograph, after I. Clark, 1824. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 692 Sugar Mills, made by James Cook, engineer, Glasgow. An original drawing, 1816. Lent by Robert Harvey. 693 Steamboat and M rine Engine. Original drawings made by James Cook, engineer, Glasgow, 1815. Lent by Robert Harvey. STAIRCASE TO BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 773 694 Steamship " Helensburgh. She was launched 1826. Lent by Wm. Denny and Brothers. 695 Old Glasgow. Slezer's view of the city from the south. About 1693. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 696 The Last Scots Parliament. Solemnities at its sitting down and rising, showing the order of the stately old procession, which Edinburgh missed so much after the Union of 1707. Engravings. Lent by the Earl of Stair. 697 "The Colledge of Glasgow." Slezer. About 1693. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 698 Glasgow Cathedral, from the north-east. Slezer. About 1693. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 699 Euneral of John [Leslie], Duke of Rothes (1681), from S. Giles' Cathedral to Holyrood. This, the 1st and only Duke of Rothes, was John (son of John, 6th Earl of Rothes, the chief organiser of the movement against Episcopacy, 1638) ; he succeeded his father as 7th Earl, 1641 ; taken prisoner at Worcester, 1651 ; made Lord of Session at the Restoration of Charles II., 1661; Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, 1663; Lord Chancellor of Scotland, 1667 ; created Duke of Rothes, 1680 ; Scott calls him " the dissolute Rothes," and places him among the persecutors of the Covenanters, a part which he filled with the greater odium because he had been a Covenanter himself, and was the son of the leading nobleman to promote and enforce the National Cove- nant. The gorgeousness of the obsequies of a great Scots noble in the time of Charles II. is well brought out in this curious picture. It may be observed that the Scottish bishops present wear rochets and lawn sleeves. It would be strange if they did so; and this throws some doubt on the artist's accuracy. En- graving. Lent by Misses Alexander. 700 The Old College, Glasgow — The Staircase in the Court. When the Old College was demolished this staircase was removed entire to Gilmorehill, where it forms the south-east entrance to the Arts Quadrangle. It dates from the time of Charles II. Water-colour drawing by A. D. Robertson. Lent by Sir Samuel Chisholm. 701 The Old College, Glasgow. The main entrance from High Street. Partially rebuilt at Gilmorehill as north-west entrance lodge. Water-colour drawing by A. D. Robertson. Lent by Sir Samuel Chisholm. 774 PORTRAITS 702 Old Waverley Tavern, Govan Ferry, which stood on the east side of the AVater Row. Photograph. Lent by Miss Yorston. IN VESTIBULE AT FOOT OF STAIBCASE. 703 The Engine of the ''Comet,'"' Avith John Robertson, its designer and constructor, seated beside it. (See No. 279, Mid Gallery.) Photograph. Lent by James Steel. 704 Bow Twin-Screw Passenger Steamer built by John Reid & Co., Port-Glasgow, 1844. Drawing. Lent by James Reid. 705 Model of Bow Twin-Screw Passenger Steamer built by John Reid & Co., Port-Glasgow, 18'44. Lent by James Reid. 706 Bow Twin-Screw Passenger Steamer built by John Reid & Co., Port-Glasgow, 1844. Original drawing. Lent by James Reid. 707 Contemporary Model of P.S. "Comet," 1812. Built for Henry Bell by John Wood, Port-Glasgow. (See No. 284, Mid Gallery.) Lent by James Reid. 710 Robert Barclay, Shipbuilder. Bust. (See No. 288, Mid Gallery.) Lent by Mrs. Arthur Allison. 711 Front Elevation of Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Designed by the Brothers Adam. Opened 1792. Scale drawing. Lent by the Managers or the Royal Infirmary. IN STAIRCASE. FURNITURE EXHIBITS. 21 Carved Oak Arm Chair, with pierced Gothic panel, inscribed A.R. 1633. Lent by The Duke of Atholl. 22 Carved Oak Arm Chair, inscribed "James Merten, 1684." Lent by the Trustees of the late Allan Eraser, Arbroath. 23 Carved Oak Arm Chair, dated 1687, known as the "Stint- master's" Chair (Toast Master). Lent by A. G. Heiton. 24 Carved Oak Arm Chair, said to have been used by the Rev. James Guthrie about 1660. Lent by the Trustees of the Smith Institute, Stirling. STAIRCASE TO BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 775 25 Carved Oak Arm Chair, inscribed e.l. 1672. Lent by A. G. Heiton. 26 Carved Oak Arm Chair, inscribed i.z. m.n. and an anchor. 17th century. Lent by the Trustees of the late Allan Eraser, Arbroath. 27 Carved Oak Arm Chair, dated 1597. Leut by A. G. Heiton. 28 Child's Creepy Chair, about 1800. Lent by the Elgin and Morayshire Literary and Scientific Association. 29 Carved Oak Arm Chair, with coat of arms, and date 1648. Used in the pulpit of the old Gaelic Clinrch, Inverness. Lent by the Inverness Museum. 30 Carved Oak Door from Haddington. Lent by Mrs. St. Clair Cunningham. 31 Carved Oak Arm Chair, inscribed m.a.b. 1608. Belonged to Sir William Bruce, Master Mason for Scotland. Lent by A. G. Heiton. 32 Carved Oak Arm Chair, inscribed Jrromc ^lak, and ornamented with a carving of the Black Arms (a saltire between a crescent in base, a mullet, in Chief : for crest, a hand holding a cooper's adze, in dexter ])roper). Presented by Jerome Blak, a member of the Wrights and Coopers' Incorporation of the Seven Incorporated Trades of Aberdeen in 1574. Lent by the Trades' Hospital, Aberdeen. 33 Hooded and Panelled Arm Chair, from Orkney, made of oak and pine. Early 18th century. Lent by Charles S. S. Johnstone. 34 Carved Oval Panel with figure. Lent by the Banff Museum. 35 Piece of Carved Oak Cornice, from the Seuate Hall, Old Glasgow ( 'Ollege. Lent by Dr. Grierson's Museum, Thornhill. 36 Carved Panel. Lent by the Dundee Free Library Committee. 37 Carvtd Oak Arm Chair. 17th century. Lent by the Trustees of the late Allan Fraser Arbroath. 38 Carved Oak Arm Chair. 17th century. Lent by the Trustees of the late Allan Eraser, Arbroath. 776 FURNITURE EXHIBITS 39 Carved Panel. Lent by the Dundee Free Library Committee. 40 Carved Panel. Lent by the Dundee Free Library Committee. 41 Old Panel, inscribed iohn quhyte. Lent by John S. Napier. 42 Small Carved Panel, dated 1688. Lent by T. W. Dewar. 43 Small Carved Panel, dated 1688. Lent>y T. W. Dewar. BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY. NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION. I^ATBON: HIS MAJESTY KING HAAKON VII. Convener : J. A. Balfour, F.R.Hist.S., F. S.A.Scot. 1 Map of Scotland, showing old Norwegian Geographical names in Scotland and the Scottish Islands. Lent by Professor Alexander Bugge, Christiania University. 2 Upper and Lower Stones of Norse Mill ; found in Galloway. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 3 Cast of Standing Stone from Kirkeide, Parish of Stryn, Nord- fjord. Western Norway (original in Bergen Museum), having the Symbols of the Comb, the Serpent, Concentric Circles, the Crescent and the radiated Sun-Disc. These Symbols are found in the early Christian Monuments of Scotland. The "Stryn Stone" is regarded as proof ot communication between Scotland and Western Norway, about A.D. 700. Lent by Bergen Museum. 4 Map of Norway, showing where objects of Celtic workman- ship have been found. Lent by Professor G. Gustafson, Christiania University. Illustrations of Objects found in Norwegian Viking Graves, showing more or less the iuHiience of Celtic Art. Nos. 5-26. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 5 Illustration of Buckle of gilt Bronze (front and back), from Viking period. 6 Illustration of Bronze Bowl, from Viking period. 7 Illustration of round Buckles of Gold, Silver, and Bronze (front and back), from Viking period. 8 Illustrations of Bronze Pot and Mountings, showing influence of Celtic ornamental art. 9 Illustrations of Bronze Mountings, from Viking period. 10 Illustrations of Buckles and Brooches, showing influence of Celtic ornamental art. 11 Illustration of Buckle of gilt Bronze. Ornamentings show influence of Celtic art. 778 NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION 12 Illustration of Bronze Brooch and Mountings, showing influence of Celtic ornamental art. 13 Illustrations of Bronze Buckles and Ornaments, from Viking period, showing more or less influence of Celtic ornamental art. 14 Illustration of Bronze Bowl, from Viking period. 15 Illustrations of Combs, Linen Smoothers, and other objects, from Viking period. 16 Illustrations of Bronze Mountings, showing influence of Celtic ornamental art. 17 Illustrations of Bronze and Silver Pins and Buckle, with mountings, from Viking period. 18 Illustration of Fragment of Bronze Bowl, from Viking period. 19 Illustrations of Bronze Mountings, from Viking period. 20 Illustrations of Fragment of Bronze Bowl, with mounting, showing influence by Celtic art. 21 Illustrations of Bracelets of Gold and Silver, from Viking period. 22 Illustration of Fragment of Bronze Bowl, with mountings, showing infl^^ence of Celtic art. 23 Illustration of Bronze and Earthenware Pots and Bowls, from Viking period. 24 Illustrations of Bronze Mountings, showing influence of Celtic art. 25 Illustration of Oval Bronze Buckles, from Viking period. 26 Illustration of Bronze Bowl, from Viking period. Casts of objects and ornaments of Celtic workmanship found in Viking graves in Norway from Viking period (800-1050 A.D.). Nos. 27-69. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 27 Cast of Cruciform Mounting of gilt bronze. Found at Viken, Finno, Ryfylke. (Stavanger Museum.) 28 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Valle, Saetersdal. (Arendal Museum.) 29 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Balestrand, Sogn. (Bergen Museum.) 30 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Komnes, Sandsvaer. (Christiania Museum.) BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 779 31 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Roald, Sondmor. (Bergen Museum.) 32 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Skedsmo Manse. (Christiania Museum.) 33 Cast of Bronze Gilt Receptacle for pair of scales and weights with spiral Celtic ornamentation found in Viking grave at Jaatten Hetland. (Bergen Museum.) 34 Cast of Bronze Modnting. Found at Fonbaek, Ullensaker.. (Christiania Museum.) 35 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Hofstad, Ovre Stjordalen. (Trondhjem Museum.) 36 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Tveite, Lardal. (Christiania Museum.) 37 Cast of Trinket of gilt bronze. Found at Boe, Nordland. (Bergen Museum.) 38 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Island, Frosten. (Trondhjem Museum.) 39 Cast of Round Bronze Mounting. Found at Refsnes, Haa, Jaederen. (Stay anger Museum.) 40 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Norddalen, Sondmor. (Bergen Museum.) 41 Casting of Mounting of Gilt Bronze. Found at Gausel, Hetland, Jaederen. (Bergen Museum.) 42 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Vindalen. (Skiens Museum.) 43 Cast of Mounting of Gilt Bronze. Found at Askevold, Sondf jord. (Bergen Museum.) 44 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Rise, Opdal. (Christiania Museum.) 45 Cast of Bronze Brooch. Found in Laerdal, Sogn. (Stockholm Museum.) 46 Casts of Bronze Brooch and Pin. Found in Snaasen parish. (Christiania Museum.) 47 Cast of Penannular Brooch of tinned Bronze. Found at Eidfjord, Hardanger. (Bergen Museum.) 48 Cast of Bronze Brooch. Found at Helgeland, Nordland. (Bergen Museum.) 780 NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION 49 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Seim, Roldal, Hardanger. (Bergen Museum.) 50 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Romfo, Sundalen. (Christiania Museum.) 51 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Borhaug, Vanse. (Christiania Museum.) 52 Cast of Bronze Handle of Knife. Found at Reveim, Haaland, Jaederen. (Stavanger Museum.) 53 Casts of Bronze Mountings. Found at Viksoren, Sogn. (Bergen Museum.) 54 Cast of Bronze Mounting, Found at Opstryn, Nordfjord. (Bergen Museum.) 55 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Orre, Klep, Jaederen. (Bergen Museum.) 56 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found in Midlyngen. (Stockholm Museum.) 57-64 Casts of 8 Bronze Mountings, from the great Grave-Find at Soma, Hoiland, Jaederen, where 22 Celtic Mountings were found. 65 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Marvig, Jelsa, Ryfylke. (Stavanger Museum.) 66 Casting of Bronze Mounting. Found at Doennes, Nordland. (Bergen Museum.) 67 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Lorn, Gudbrandsdalen. (Christiania Museum.) 68 Cast of Bronze Trinket. Found at Vatne, Alversund, N'hordland. (Bergen Museum.) 69 Cast of Bronze Mounting. Found at Gjonnes, Hedrum. (Christiania Museum.) 70 Casts of Carved Planks and Door, from Urnes Church in Sogn, Western Norway. The door is in the middle, and on each side are richly carved planks with animal ornamentings in intersected style, showing strong influence of Celtic art. The other two planks also show same characteristic ornamentation (interlaced), which, however, here run more into plain bands. Farthest away on the right a corner pillar with the same ornaments is shown. These planks are from a " Stavkirke " built about 1070 a.d. The " Stav- kirke" (Stave Church) gets its name from the manner in which it is built, being composed of vertically placed BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 781 planks. In the Urnes Church some of the oak planks in the North wall are carved and the Casts are taken from these; the ornamental style developed here, asserted itself to a great extent in Scandinavia in the 11th century. 70a Photograph of Urnes Church in Sogn, Western Norway. Illtjstiiations of Viking weapons, spurs, bridles, stirrups, and other objects from Viking period. Found in Nor- wegian Viking graves. Nos. 71-84, Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 85-129 Illustrations of Celtic bronze objects all found in Nor- wegian graves from the Viking period (800-1050), ornamented in characteristic Celtic style, and proving direct connections between Norway and Ireland and Scotland during Viking period. (From Museums of Christiania, Bergen, Stavanger, Trondhjem and Copenhagen.) 130 A Viking Warrior's Equipment (original), interred with him in his grave. Found in Viking grave in Norway. Weapons : Sword, 2 axes, 2 spears, 12 arrows (a -tylft.") Horse equipment : bridle, stirrups, ring-bell. Smith-tools : hammer, tongs, file. Farming-tools : scythe, plough-share. Lent by Christiania Museum. 131 A Viking Woman's Equipment (original), interred with her in her grave. Found in Viking grave in Norway. Personal ornaments : a pair of oval brooches, trefoil brooch, beads, a pair of armlets. Handwork utensils : 2 knives, 2 pairs of scissors, teeth of a flax comb, 3 spindle whorls, weavers. Farming implements : sickle, hooked knife for cutting loaves for cattle food. Household implements : baking pan, 3 keys. Lent by Christiania Museum. 132- Illustrations of Bronze objects. Found in Norwegian 148 Viking graves, with ornaments showing influence of Celtic art. 149 Photograph of Reliquary Shrine of Celtic workmanship. Found in 1907 in Melhus, Namdalen, Trondhjem district, in a grave from the Viking period. It was probably carried away by Norwegian Vikings in the 9th century. The style of workmanship of this shrine points to it having been made in the 7th century. 150 Conveyance of Land at Hamnavse in Shetland by Anna Oluffsdotter to Mans Thommesonne. Dated Bergen Anno Domini 1537 (in old Norse). Lent by Gilbert Goudib. 782 NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION 151 MS. Volume of Bellenden's History. Opened at the year 1469. Lent by Georgs Neilson, LL.D. 152 Mortgage (in Norse) of Land in Weisdale in Shetland by Andrew Mouat and his wife Else Tronsdatter, a Nor- wegian lady (daughter of Admiral Throndsson and sister of Anna Throndsdaughter, one of the ladies criminally deserted by the notorious Earl of Bothwell) to Edward Sinclair, Shetlander, for a sum of 300 "Rigs Dalir." The Deed is dated and signed at Giersvig in Norway on 20th June, 1597. Lent by Gilbert Goudie. 153 Commission or Letter of Protection by King Christian IV. of Denmark and Norway to Magnus Sinclair, a Shet- lander, Captain of the ship " Leoparden " to cruise in Danish waters. Sealed at the Palace at Copenhagen, 21st April, 1627. Lent by Gilbert Goudie. 154 Claim of George Sinclair of Ulbster. Lent by George Neilson, LL.D. 155 Document with reference to the Ferry to Orkney from John O'Groat's House. Lent by George Neilson, LL.D. 156 Genealogical Register of the early Norwegian Earls and Kings of the Orkneys, Hebrides, and Man, descended from Ragnval, Earl of Moere (Ragnvald Moerejarl), also of other Norwegian noble families. Compiled by Macody Lund. 157- Illustrations of Viking Brooches of Bronze. Found in 158 Norwegian Viking graves. 159 Reception of the "Viking" at New-York. Saluted by U.S. Warships "Blake" and "Michigan." Lent by Mrs. J. C. Bull. 160 Pictures of the " Viking," In size and all details constructed like the Gokstad ship. This vessel sailed from Bergen (Norway) across the Atlantic to the Chicago Exhibition in 1893, under command of Captain Magnus Andersen with a crew of eleven men. The Viking v/as built expressly to demonstrate the ability of the Viking ships to have crossed the Atlantic which was discredited in certain quarters. According to the old Sagas the Norsemen made several excursions to the American Continent in 9th century. The Viking went up through the Lakes to Chicago, was presented to the city and is now in one of the parks in Chicago. 161 Photographs of the Gokstad Vikingship, discovered in 1880 at Gokstad, near Sandefjord, Norway. About 75 ft. long, 161 ft. broad. The keel 66 ft. long. Provided BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 783 with 16 pairs of oars sekstansessa Besides the skeleton of a very tall man, calculated to measure 77 inches, the ship contained the bones of 6 dogs, 12 horses, also bones and feathers of a peacock. Had probably been used as a Viking chief's yacht. Built about a.d. 900. Lent by Nordmands-Foiibundet. 162 Government Standard of Norway. Lent by Consul Johanson. 163 Piece of Planking of the original Gokstad Vikingship. Lent by O. C. Christensen. 164 Shield, with arms of " King of Scots." Lent by J. Smeaton & Coy. 165 Royal Arms of Norway. This Shield was first displajied on the visit of King Edward to Christiania. Property of the Norwegian Parliament. 166 Shield of Scotland. Lent by J. Smeaton & Coy. 167 The V ikingship from Gokstad was found in 1880 in a large tumulus, near the town of Sandefjord, Eastern Norway, and dug out in course of the summer. The ship was used as burial place of a Viking chief, who had been placed in the afterend of the vessel, where a large burial chamber had been constructed of heavy oak planks. The Gokstad ship dates from about 900 a.d. It is made of oak, clincher built, identical fore and aft. Its special construction with frames and knees, etc., made it specially adapted for navigation in the open sea. It was propelled by oars, sixteen on each side, these were projected through holes in the second plank from the rail. It also carried a large square sail on a strong oak mast, which was made in such a way that it could be taken down and placed on crossbeams when not in use. The ship's rudder was placed on starboard side aft. In the bottom boards were placed ; there were no seats for the rowers, they sat on boxes which they brought, and in which they could keep all their belongings. As a shelter at night a tent was raised, the entrances to which (at both ends) were marked by vergeboards of oak, on which were rich carvings of animals' heads painted in black and red colours. When sailing, the shields were placed along the rail as shown. The Gokstad ship is of entirely Norse workmanship from the Viking period and shows to what great point Norse shipbuilding art had reached even in that early period. It has been a typical Vikingship, one of those which the Norsemen used on their excursions to Western Europe. The model exhibited is ^ size of the original and belongs to the Royal Norwegian Navy. The original ship is about 70 ft. long. 784 NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION 168 Government Standard of Norway. Lent by Consul Johanson. 169 The BiSMER of Orkney, Shetland, and Norway. (Weighing Machine formerly in common use in Shet- land, Orkney, Scandinavia, and Iceland.) Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 170 The Bere Pundlar (Orkney). (Weighing Machine of Norse origin.) Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 171 Marriage Contract between King Eirik Magnus son of Norway, and Margaret, daughter of King Alexander III. of Scotland, dated Roxburgh, July 25th, 1281. Formerly published in : " Acts of Parliaments of Scotland," i. 79. "Rymer's Foedera," 4th Ed. 1. 2. 595. " Diplomatarium Norvegicum," xix. 202. The present copy has been photographed in full size from the original cliyrograph, now in the Record Office in London at the request of the " Nordmands-Forbundet " for the Scottish Exhibition in Glasgow. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 172 Genealogical Table, showing descent of Their Majesties King Haakon VII. and Queen Maud from the Ancient Royal Dynasty of Norway. (Founder King Harald Haarfager about 872 a.d.) Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 173 Photograph of The Disembarkment at Romsdalen of the Scottish Expedition under Ramsay and Sinclair in 1612. (After picture by A. Tidemand and Morten Muller.) Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 174 Helmet, from the Sinclair Expedition, 1612. Lent by Sandvigske Samlinger. 175 Collection of Swords, which belonged to the corps of Scottish mercenaries under Ramsay and Sinclair, defeated by the peasants of Gudbrandsdalen in August, 1612. ("The Sinclair Expedition.") Lent by Sandvigske Samlinger. 176 Photograph of Tombstone of Colonel George Sinclair. Translation of inscription : " Georg Sinklair, the Commander of the Scots was buried here having fallen at Kringelen 26th August 1612." Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 177 Arm Guards, from the Sinclair Expedition to Norway in 1612. Lent by Sandvigske Samlinger. 178 Breast Plate, from the Sinclair Expedition to Norway, 1612. Lent by Sandvigske Samlinger. BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 785 179 Photograph of Memorial Stone, commemorating the Fight at Kringelen. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet, Photograph of The Kringen Pass Gudbrandsdalen, Norway. (After an ancient picture.) Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. "War Chest," which belonged to the Sinclair Expedition to Norway, 1612. Lent by Sandvigske Samlinger. 182 Photograph of the Kringen Pass Gudbrandsdalen, Norway, where the Scottish corps of mercenaries on their march to Sweden were cut up by the peasants of the district in 1612. Below are photographs of Colonel Sinclair's tomb- stone, the barn where prisoners were kept, and memorial stone. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 183 Royal Seal and Counterseal of King Eirik Magnusson of Norway (1280-1299). Married 1st, Margaret of Scot- land, 1281, who died 1285; 2nd, Isabella Bruce, sister of King Robert Bruce. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 184 Baronial Seal and Counterseal of Baron Audun Hugleik- son of Hegraness, treasurer to King Eirik Magnusson. Died 1302. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 185 Lady Sinclair's Gun and Powderhorn. According to tradition, this gun and powderhorn which have been in the possession of the Hagemann family since 17th century, belonged to "Lady Sinclair," who is said to have accompanied her husband. Colonel Sinclair, on his expedition; his force of Scottish mercenaries were on their march through Norway, to enter the service of the King of Sweden, cut up by the peasants of Gudbrands- dalen in August, 1612. The gun is supposed to have been used by "Lady Sinclair" for hunting purposes. Lent by Dr. Hagemann. 186 Lady Sinclair's Dagger. According to the local tradition of the district where Sinclair's force was cut up, the peasants were well aware of "Lady Sinclair" accom- panying the expedition with her little child. The peasant girl Gudrid Kruke (" Piller-Guri ") who, seated on the top of the hill, gave the Norwegian peasants the signal of attack by blowing her cowherd's horn, had made her lover, Kjell, solemnly promise that he would do his very utmost to guard the child against any danger during the fight. If anything were to happen to the child, she would not marry him. During the fight Kjell made his way forward in order to take charge of the child, but " Lady Sinclair," mistaking his intentions, killed him with the dagger. Lent by Dr. Thaulow. 180 181 786 NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION 187 lleplica of Silver Basin, presented by King Eirik Magnus- son of Norway to Sir David Wemyss, who was one of the ambassadors sent to Norway by the Estates of Scotland regarding the succession to the throne of Scotland of Margaret, the daughter of King Eirik and grand- daughter of King Alexander III. of Scotland ("The Maid of Norway"). Inscription on basin : s d v. 1285. Lent by Lady Eva Wemyss. 187a Carved Wooden Tankard of Norse origin. Lent by Peovand's Lordship Club. 188 Photograph of House in Christiania (Oslogade No. 13). Unaltered remains of the ancient Bishop's Palace in Oslo. In this house King James VI. of Scotland was married to Princess Anna of Norway and Denmark, 1589. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 189 Copy of Memorial Tablet in the Church of Tonsberg, Norway, bearing the following inscription (translation) : "In the year 1589 on St. Martin's Day which was on the xith day of November, which fell upon a Tuesday, the Noble Prince and Lord James Stuart, King of Scot- land, came to this town and on the 25tli Sunday after Trinity which was the 16th day of November His Grace stood in this stall, listening to a Scottish sermon on the 23rd Psalm : ' The Lord is my Shepherd,' which M. David Lentz, preacher in Leith, then preached between 10 and 12. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 190 Photograph of The Rosenkrantz Tower, in the Fortress of Bergen where Earl of Bothweli was imprisoned. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 191 Two Photographs of Petter Dass (one after a picture and the other after sculptured work). Norwegian prelate and poet 1647-1708, the most striking and popular figure in the history of Northern Norway. Still living as a hero in folklore and poetry, his poems are to this day widely read and recited. Son of the Scottish emigrant, Peter Dun das, who came to Norway about 1630. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 192 Photograph of The Petter Dass Monument, Alstahoug, Helgeland. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 193 Photograph of the Unveiling of Petter Dass Monument, at Alstahoug, August 26th, 1908. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 194 Photographs of Carved Pulpit by Andrew Smith. A Scottish artist who settled in Norway about middle of 17th century and whose magnificent carvings greatly influ- enced art at that period. Lent by Nordmands-Foiibundet. BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 787 195 Photograph of Altar-piece, from Lye Church, near Sta- vanger. By Andrew Smith. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 196 Photograph of Nave of the Stavanger Cathedral with carved pulpit. By Andrew Smith. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 197 Photograph of four Epitaphs from Stavanger Cathedral. By Andrew Smith. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 198 Photograph of Chair, carved by Andrew Smith for his own use, bearing the inscription " AUe ting maa tiene dennem til Gode som elsce Gud," Rom. 8 Cap. 28 (i.e. "And we know that all things work together for good to them that love God," Rom. 8 Chap. 28). The property of Miss Smith, Christiania (a descendant of Andrew Smith). 199 Photograph of Carved Pulpit in Stavanger Cathedral. By Andrew Smith. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 200 Photograph of Interior of Lye Church, near Stavanger, with altar-piece. By Andrew Smith. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 201 Photograph of Carved Cupboard by Andrew Smith. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 202 Photograph of Carved Pulpit, in Stavanger Cathedral. By Andrew Smith. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 203 Photograph of Johan Witte Memorial, St. Mary's Church, Bergen. By Andrew Smith. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 204 Photograph of Cupboard, carved by Andrew Smith. In the possession of Chr. Langaard, Christiania. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 205 Photograph of Carved Cupboard by Andrew Smith (original in the Nordenf jeldske Museum, Trondhjem). Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 206 Coloured Drawing of Coat of Arms of the Grieg Family. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 207 Silhouette of Alexander Greig. British Consul in Bergen ; born in Cairnbul, Fraserburgh, 19th Julv, 1739; died in Bergen, 13th November, 1803. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 208 Silhouette of Margrete Elisabeth Greig, married Consul Alexander Greig, 7 March, 1771 ; died in Bergen, 24 March, 1782. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 788 NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION 209 Silhouette of James Grieg, born 11 August, 1773: died 10 February, 1821. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 210 Silhouette of Maren Grieg,7ie8 Lexau, married James Grieg 24 February, 1795; died 10 February, 1821. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 211 Photograph of John Grieg, British Consul-General in Bergen, born 21 August, 1772; died 31 March, 1844. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 212 Photograph of Maren Regine Grieg, nee Haslund, married Consul John Grieg, 12 March, 1798. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 213 Photograph of Joachim Grieg, British Vice-Consul in Ber- gen ; born 18 October, 1787; died 11 February, 1836. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 214 Photograph of Juliane Cathrine Grieg, nee Monrad, married Joachim Grieg, 21 May, 1810. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 215 Photograph of the Grieg Family Tree. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 216 Snuff Box (Gold) which belonged to James Grieg, son of Alexander Greig. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 217 Gold Watch, Chain and Signets, which belonged to Alex- ander Greig, ancestor of the Norwegian Grieg Family. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 218 Snuff Box (Ivory) which belonged to Alexander Greig, born in Cairnbul, Fraserburgh, 19th July, 1739 ; ancestor of the Norwegian Grieg Family. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 219 Snuff Box (tortoise shell) which belonged to James Grieg, grandson of Alexander Grieg. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 220 Knife and Fork, which belonged to Alexander Greig, ancestor of the Norwegian Grieg Family, and which he always carried with him when twice a year he sailed across to Scotland from Norway in a fishing smack in order to attend the Communion of the Kirk of Scotland. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 221 Letter written by the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg to his cousin, Alexander B. Grieg, Bergen. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 222 Letter written by the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg to his cousin, Alexander B. Grieg, Bergen. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 789 223 Funeral Hymn. Composed by Edvard Grieg for the funeral of his fatlier, Consul Alexander Grieg, in Bergen, 18 September, 1875. The words, written in the composer's own handwriting, are by his brother, Consul John Grieg. The following words are pencilled at foot : Rehearsal to-morrow night at 6.30 at Martens. (Translation.) Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 224 Pamphlet issued on 6()th anniversary of Edvard Grieg's birthday. The photographs are of the composer and his wife, also of interior from his villa " Troldhaugen," near Bergen. 225 Seals of Scoto-Norwegian families Christie, Chrystie, Winge, Crawfurd. 226 Portrait of H.M. King Haakon VIT., Patron of this Section. Lent by C. C. Rutter Eberhardt. 227 Replica in Silver of the Oldenburg Drinking Horn. Lent by Consul Johan Johanson. The Oldenburg drinking horn, supposed to be a work of the sculptor Daniel Aretseus, who was called by King Christiern I. from Corvey in Westphalia to Denmark, seems originally to have been intended for a present to the "Three Kings" at Cologne, in case the mediation, undertaken by Christiern I. in a dispute between the archbishop and the chapter of that city, had succeeded. The king, therefore, made a journey to Cologne, but his attempt to mediate in this dispute met with no success, and so the horn was not used according to the original purpose. It was afterwards kept for a long time at Oldenburg, but after the death of the last count, Anthon Giinther, 1667, it was inherited by King Frederik TTI. of Denmark. At the close of the 17th century the horn was transferred to the Cabinet of Art of Copenhagen, whence it was brought to Rosenborg in 1824. According to an old myth the horn came into the possession of the house of Oldenburg as early as 989 : Count Otto having lost his way when hunting in a wilderness, met with a moun- tain nymph who offered him a horn containing an enchanted potion ; he threw away the drink but kept the horn in commemoration of his adventure. The horn, which is of gilt silver with engraved fantas- tical animals, wears in its mounting and lid the aspect of an old castle with knights, esquires and ladies playing on the lute at the windows, and watchmen in the towers. It bears some inscriptions in monkish characters, amongst which are the names of the Three Kings. 228 Photograph of the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg as pupil at the Vienna Conservatory of Music. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 229 Photograph of the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 790 NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION 230 Photograph of Troldhaugen," near Bergen. Edvard Grieg's Villa. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 231 Photograph of Alexander Greig's old mahogany grand- father's clock (stamped John Baker, London). His marriage present to his son James. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 232 Photograph of Edvard Grieg's Tomb. Lent by Alexander B. Geieg. 233 Pennon, with Grieg Family Coat of Arms. Lent by Alexander B. Grieg. 234 Coat of Arms of the Gilroy Family, Christianssiind N. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. The Scottish ancestor of this family, Robert Gilroy, went to Norway from Dundee about 1770. He owned the old property, " Fosnagaard," round about AA^hich the present town of Christianssund was built. His daughter Margaret married a Scotsman, Robert Dall, who became owner of the property. Their descendants to-day are Dall Brothers, a large shipping firm in Christianssund, and Robert Gilroy Dall, solicitor, in the same town. 235 Coat or Arms and Motto of the Leslie Family in Norway (now extinct). Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. The Scottish ancestor of this family, George Leslie, went to Norway from Banlf about 1720, and settled in Christianssund N. (Western Norway). Some of the family returned to Scotland with large fortunes, made in the fishing industry, which was in a very flourishing condition in Western Norway about 1800. The family rendered great service to the district by extensive tree planting on the then barren islands on the western coasts. " The Leslie Garden " on Indlandet still exists, as well as the large garden at the family seat of Bromsnes, which has many old trees planted by the family. 236 Coat of Arms of the Cunningham Family, carved in oak, being part of the Family Pew in Vardohus Church (original). Lent by National Museum, Christian ia. 237 Photograph of Pulpit, presented by Baron Cunningham (Konning) to Vardohus Church (1628), bearing the arms of Cunningham (Hans Konning) and his wife, Lady Ellen Hundemark. (Original in Nordenf jeldske Museum, Trondhjem.) Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 238 Coloured Drawing of Coat of Arms of the Cunningham family. Ancestor of this family was baron (?) John BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 791 Cunningham usually called Hans Konning (or Konning- ham) , (died 1652), said to have been exiled from Scot- land. He is mentioned as naval commander with King Christian IV. From 1619 till 1651 he was feudal Lord of Vardohus and Finmarken District (Northern Nor- way). He married Ellen Hundemark in 1625. They had no children, but an illegitimate daughter inherited his estates after a lawsuit with the relatives in Scot- land. From this daughter are descended the well-known Norwegian families of Heiberg, Offerdahl and Orbeck. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 239 PHOTOGiiArH of golden cup, presented to President Christie, president of First Constitutional Assembly of Norway in 1814. Lent by NoRDMANDS-FoilBUNDET. 240 Photograph of Entrance (showing Coat of Arms) to the 'ancient seat of the Christie family, Christianssund N. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 241 Photograph of Trondhjem Cathedral before restoration. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 242 Photograph of The Tomb of President Christie, Bergen. (President of the First Norwegian Constitutional Assembly, 1841.) Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 243 Photograph of Wilhelm Frimann Koren Christie (President Christie), born 1778. President of the First Constitu- tional Assembly of Norway, 1815. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 244 Coloured Drawing of Coat of Arms of the Christie Family. Ancestor was Andrew Davidson Christie ; born in Mont- rose about 1620; died in Bergen, 7th May, 1694. Regis- tered as citizen in Bergen 25th April, 1654, according to "Bergen Citizen book,'' which describes him as "Anders Davidsson Krysted, born in Montros, Schottland, Engelsk Consul." Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 245 Photograph of The Christie Monument, in the Market Place, Bergen. (President Christie was the President of the First Norwegian Constitutional Assembly in 1814.) Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 246 Photograph of Trondhjem Cathedral as restored by W. H. Christie, architect. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 247 Photograph of Eiler Christian Brodtkorb Christie (1832- 1906), a nephew of President Christie, renowned archi- tect. Has undertaken a number of important restora- tions, especially the restoration of Trondhjem Cathedral. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 792 NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION 248 Photograph of The Coronation in Trondhjem Cathedral of King Haakon VII. and Queen Maud, 1906. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet, 249 Photograph of the Library of the Manor House of RosendaL Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 250 Photograph of the Manor House of Rosendal (Barony of Rosendal). Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 250a Photograph of the richly ornamented colnns of Axel and Karen Movat in the Family Mortuary Chapel of Kvin- heered Church. 251 Photograph of the Gateway of the Manor House of Rosendal. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 252 Coat of Arms of the Movat or Mowat Family (also spelt Mouat, Moth, Montealto). The ancestor of the Nor- wegian branch was Baron Bohvalle (Boquholly) in Banff- shire, who married a Bruce. His son was Bertel Movat of Hovland Soendhordlaud, and his grandson Anders Movat, who is mentioned at the Swearing of the Oath of Allegiance to the King in 1591. He was married three times and had many children. One of these was Axel Movat of Hovland, Hatteberg, Mel, Seim, Gersvik, Mal- kenes, Ask, and Axelvold. He was an Admiral in the Danish Fleet (1593-1661). His only son, a lieutenant, was killed in a duel (1644) and his daughter Karen inherited the extensive estates, which were raised to a Barony in 1678 by King Christian V., the only one in the country. Karen Movat married Ludvig, Baron Rosen- krands of Rosendal in Kvinherred. The manor house which they built at Rosendal remains still : it is situated in the middle of a beautiful park. (See No. 250a.) 253 Coloured Drawing of Coat of Arms of the Wallace Family. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 254 Photograph of Family Tree of the Wallace Family. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. The Scottish ancestors of this family, the brothers George and James Wallace, went to Norway from Banff about 1700. Both were registered as citizens of Bergen on 7th July, 1711, probably as merchants. Alexander Wallace, son of George, born in 1711, became British Consul-General in Bergen, and James Wallace his grand- son, born in 1737, also filled the same position. 255 Photograph of " Skottesalem," the Old Clubhouse of the Scots in Bergen. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 256 Photograph of " Skottegaarden " ("The Scots Farm"). Situated in Braekken parish in the Dovre Mountains, near Roeraas. The owners of these two farms are BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 793 named Skott. According to family tradition their ancestors, the pioneer settlers in these forests far from the seashore, were " pilgrims from Scotland." Probably political refugees from before year 1700. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 257 Photograph of Colin Archer. Shipbuilder in Larvik, Nor- way. He has greatly improved the type of the Norwegian pilot boat. Has constructed the majority of the Life Saving Boats, and was also the builder of the Polar ship " Fram." The Archer family came to Norway from Scotland in 1825. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 258 Photograph of The Life Saving Boats, constructed by Archer. (From the Bergen Exhibition, 1910.) Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 259 Photograph of The Polar Ship " Fram." Constructed by Colin Archer. Previously used for the Nansen and Sverdrup Arctic Expeditions and now by the Amundsen Expedition towards the South Pole. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 260 Photograph of The Polar Ship ''Fram," built by Colin Archer, after the return from the Sverdrup Expedition. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 261 The Oseberg Viking Ship. Found in a mound at Oseberg, near Tonsberg, in 1904. 70^ feet long, 16^ feet broad, with 15 pairs of oars Fimtansessa "). In the ship were found two female skeletons and a splendid collection of household objects, women's utensils, also a four-wheeled carriage with rich carvings, four sledges, and bones from 14 horses. The ship seems to have been used as a pleasure yacht and must have been built about a.d. 800. The central photograph shows the position and condition of the ship during the excavation. Lent by Nordmands-Forbundet. 262 Bronze Figure. (Coloured drawing in natural size.) Part of the wooden bucket found in the Oseberg Viking ship. Lent by Christiania University. 263 Coloured Photograph of the Oseberg Viking Ship in the mound in process of excavation. (Portside forward with carvings on stem and rail.) 264 Photograph of Wooden Bucket, with bronze mountings, partly enamelled. (From the Shipburial at Oseberg.) Lent by Christiania University. 265 Coloured Photograph of Carving of Animal Head, from the Oseberg Viking Ship. 266 Model of Oseberg Viking Ship. Scale about ^ of actual size. Lent by Christiania Universjtt. 794 NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION 267 Tlie Royal Norwegian Standard, belonging to the Royal Palace, Cfiiistiania, displayed by the gracious consent of King Haakon VII. The present Royal Standard of Norway is an exact reproduction of the banner of King Magnus Barelegg (so called because he wore the Scottish Highland garb). Resemblance to the Standard of Scot- land points to close connection between the two countries at that period. THE FOLLOWING LITERATURE IS LENT BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CHRISTIANIA. 268 Saga-Book of the Viking Club, i., containing a number of articles re the connections between Norway and Scot- land. Viking-Klubbens Saga-Bok, indeholdende en raekke avhandlinger om beroring mellem Norge og Skotske landsdele. 269 Absalon Pederson Beyer. "The Kingdom of Norway" (in " Hist.-Topogr. Works on Norway"), dealing partly with the connection between Norway and Scotland. Absalon Pederson Beyer. " Om Norgis Rige " (i ' Hist.- Topogr. Skrifter om Norge '), indeholdende adsldlligt om Norges forliold til Skotske landsdele. 270 P. A. Munch. " Collections of Essays," i.-iv., containing several articles on the connections between Norway and Scotland. P. A. Munch. " Samlede Avhandlinger," i.-iv., indehold- end Here avhandlinger om beroringer mellem Norge og Skotske landsdele. 271 A. BuGGE. "Contributions to the History of the Norsemen in Ireland," ii., "Norse Elements in Gaelic tradition of modern times." (Refers also to Scotland.) A. BuGGE. " Bidrag til Nordboernes Historic i Irland." ii., " Nor rone elemeiiter i moderne gaeliske traditioner." (Tar oksaa hensyn til Skotland). 272 T. Torfaeus. " Orcades seu Rerum Orcadensium Historiae." 273 P. A. Munch. " Hist.-Geogr. Description of the Kingdom of Norway in the Middle Ages." (Page 204 deals with the geography of the Scottish Isles in the Middle Ages.) P. A. Munch. "Hist.-Geogr. Beskrivelse over Kongeriget Norge i Middelalderen." (Pag 204 indeholder de skotske oers middelalderlige Geografi). 274 L. Delavaud. " Les origines norvegiennes des archipels ecossais " (872-1667). L. Delavaud. " De skotske ogruppers norske oprindelse " (872-1667). BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 795 275 T. ToRFAEus. "Ancient History of Orkney, etc.^' (trans- lated by Pope). T. ToEFAEus. Orkenoernes aeldgamle Historic" (oversat af Pope). 276 G. GouDiE. ''The Celtic and Scandinavian Antiquities of Shetland." G. GouDiE. "De Keltiske og Skandinaviske Antikviteter paa Shetlands oerne." 277 Krag. "Tradition of the Fight at Kringen, 26th August, 1612." ^ ' ^ ' Krag. " Sagn om Slaget ved Kringen, 26de Aug., 1612." 278 Mitchell. "History of the Scottish Expedition to Norway in 1612." Mitchell. " Beretning om Skottertoget til Norge i 1612." 279 O. Olafsen. " The Scottish Expedition." O. Olafsen. "Skottertoget." 280 Edv. Storm. "Collection of Poems ("Sinclair's Song"), with illustration of earliest memorial tablet commemo- rating the fight. Edv. Storm. " Samlede Digte " ("Zinklars vise"), med vignet af den aeldste mindetavle over kampen. 281 Chr. Monsen. "The Peasants of Gudbrandsdalen "" (who defeated Sinclair's force). Chr. Monsen. " Gudbrandsdolerne." 282 Henrik Wergeland. " Death of Sinclair " (Tragedy). Henrik Wergeland. " Sinklars Dod " (Tragedie). 283 Rahbek. "The Scottish War " (Drama). Rahbek. " Skottekrigen " (Drama). 284 Julius (R. V. Muus). "The Fight of the Scots at Kringen." Julius (R. V. Muus). " Skotterslaget ved Kringen." 285 Storm Wang. "The Scottish Expedition or The Fight at Kringen." Storm Wang. "Skottertoget eller Slaget ved Kringen." 286 MoLBECH. " Poems " (" Guri "). Guri was the name of the peasant lassie who, from the top of the hill, warned the Norwegian peasants of the approach of the Scots. MoLBECH. " Digte " (" Guri "). 287 Storm. "Songs" (A song about the Scottish Colonel Sin- clair) . Storm. " Viser " (En vise om den Skotske Oberst Zinklar). 796 NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION 288 B. Mob. " The Defeat of Sinclair at Kringelen " (in "Nor- wegian Penny Magazine"). B. MoE. ''Sinklars Nederlag ved Kringelen" (i "Norsk Penning Magazin "). 289 AusTLiD. Sinclair-Saga. AusTLiD. Sinklar-Soga. 290 AusTLiD. The Saga of Sinclair and the Scots. AusTLiD. Soga fraa Sinklar og Skottom. 291 Historical account of the Scottish Expedition to Norway, 1612 (in "Illustrated History of Norway," by O. A. Oeverland). Historisk Fremstilling af den Skotske Expedition til Norge i 1612 (i "Illustreret Norges Historic," af 0. A. Oeverland). 292 Works of Petter Dass. Pettek Dass. " Samlede Skrifter." 293 Petter Dass. "The Trumpet of Nordland " (A description of the Northern part of Norway). Petter Dass. " Nordlands Trompet." 294 A. Olrik. "The Old Norse Language in Shetland." A. Olrik. " Det Norrone Sprog paa Shetland." 295 J. Jakobsen. "The Old Norse Language in Shetland." J. Jakobsen. " Det Norrone Sprog paa Shetland." 296 W. A. Craigie. "The Old Norse in the Gaelic Language (in " Archiv of Northern Philology"). W. A. Craigie. " Oldnordiske ord i de gaeliske Sprog " (i " Arkiv for nordisk Filologi "). 297 J. Jakobsen. " The Dialect and Place Names of Shetland." J. Jakobson. " Shetlandsoernes dialekt og atedsnavne." 298 A. L.AURENSON. " About the Language in Shetland." K. Lyngbye. "About the Language in Orkneys." (Both in "Annals of Northern Archaeology and History," 1860.) A. Laurenson. " Om sproget paa Shetlandsoerne." K. Lyngbye. " Om sproget paa Hjatlandsoerne." Begge i " Annaler for Nord. Oldkyndighed og Hist.," 1860.) 299 J. Fareer. "Notice of Runic Inscriptions." J. Farrer. " Meddelelse om Rune Indskrifter." 300 Grimur Thomsen. "The Northern Nationality in Shetland and Orkney Isles " (in " Annals of Northern Archaeology and History," 1862). BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 797 Grimur Thomsen. "Den Nordiske Nationalitet paa Shet- lands og Orkenoerne'' (i " Annaler for Nordisk Old- kyndighed og Historie," 1862). 301 J. Mitchell. " Maeshowe " (Illustrations of the Runic Literature of Scandinavia). J. Mitchell. "Maeshowe" (Illustrationer af Den skandi- naviske Rune Literatur). 302 J. Jakobsen. "The Place-names of Shetland" (in "Annals of Northern Archaeology and History," 1901). J. Jakobsen. " Shetlandsoernes Stedsnavne " (i " Aarboger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie," 1901). 303 Th. Edmonston. "An Etymological Glossary of the Shet- land and Orkney Dialect" (in "Transactions of the Philological Society, 1866). Th. Edmonston. " Etymologisk Ordbog over Slietlands og Orkenoernes dialekt " (i "Transactions of the Philo- logical Society," 1866). 304 Jos. Anderson. "Scotland in Early Christian Times" (pages 226-256, "About use of Runes in Scotland"). Jos. Anderson. " Skotland i tidlige Kristendoms dage " (Sider 226-256, " Om brugen af runer i Skotland"). 305 J. Jakobsen. "Etymological Glossary of the Old Norse Language in Shetland," vol. 1-2. J. Jakobsen. "Etymologisk Ordbog over det norrone sprog paa Shetland," hefte 1-2. 306 M. Olsen. "A newly discovered Inscription in Crypt- Runes from the Bvodgar Circle." M. Olsen. "En nylig fundet indskrift i Crypt-Runer fra Brodgar Circle." 307 A. F. Major. " Rune-Stones in the Brodgar Circle." A. F. Major. " Rune-Stene i Brodgar Circle." 308 Charlton. " The Orkney Runes." Charlton. " Runerne paa Orkenoerne." 309 G. GouDiE. " On Rune-inscribed Relics of the Norsemen in Shetland." G. GouDiE. " Om rune indskrifter paa oldfund efter Nord- boerne paa Shetland." 310 J. Stuart. "Notice of excavations in the chambered mound of Maeshowe." J. Stuart. " Meddelelse om udgravingerne i jordhaugen ved Maeshowe." 311 "Hatalykill Rognvaldar Jails" (in " Edda Snorra Stur- lusonar," by Sv. Egilssyni). "Hatalykill Rognvaldar Jarls (i "Edda Snorra Stur- lusonar," utg. af Sv. Egilssyni). ^98 NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION 312 G. Stephens. "The Runic Inscriptions at Maeshowe." Gr. Stephens. " Runeindskrifterne ved Maeshowe.'^ 313 " Jomsvikingadrapa," by Bishop Bjarne Kolbeinsson (in " Jomsvikinga Saga, " etc., by Petersen). "Jomsvikingadrapa," forfattet af Biskop Bjarne Kolbeins- son (i " Jomsvikinga Saga," etc., utg af Petersen). 314 S. BuGGE. " Bishop Bjarne Kolbeinsson and Snorres Edda." S. BuGGE. "Biskop Bjarne Kolbeinsson og Snorres Edda." 315 M. Haegstad. " Hildinakvadet," with explanations of the Norse language in Shetland in early times. M. Haegstad. " Hildinakvadet," med utgreiding um det norske maal paa Shetland i eldre tid. 316 " Malsliattakvaedi " (Th. Moebius), Islandic poem, probably by Bjarne Kolbeinsson, Bishop of Orkneys, from 13th century. " Malshattakvaedi " (Th. Moebius), Islandsk digt, anta- gelig forfattet af Bjarne Kolbeinsson, Biskop paa Orkenoerne, fra XIII. aarhundrede. 317 E. Magnusson. Remarks on " Fornyrdadrapa (in "Annals of Northern Archaeology and History, 1889). E. Magnusson. Ammerkinger til "Fornyrdadrapa" (i " Aarboger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie," 1889). 318 F. Jonsson. "Fornyrdadrapa" (Malshattakvaedi). 319 A. BuGGE. "The influence of the Western Europe on the Norsemen, and especially on outer culture, etc., of the Norsemen in the Viking period." A. BuGGE. " Vesterlandenes Indflydelse paa Nordboernes og saerlig Nordmaendenes ydre kultur, etc., i Vikinge- tiden." 320 J. AVoRSAAE. "Recollections of the Danes and Norwegians in England, Scotland, and Ireland." J. AVoRSAAE. "Minder om de danske og Normaendene i England, Skotland and Irland." 321 "Codex Frisianus," in photographic reproduction. "Codex Frisianus," i fotografisk reproduktion. 322 H. ScHETELiG. " Ship burial at Kiloran Bay," Colonsay, Scotland. H. ScHETELiG. " Vikingeskibs grav i Kiloran Bay," Colon- say, Skotland. 323 " Antiquitates Celto-Scandiae." Compil. J. Johnstone, Ed. nova. Contains summary of corresponding sagas. "Antiquitates Celto-Scand." Compil. J. Johnstone, Ed. nova. Indeholder udtog af hidhen horende sagaer. BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 799 324 Flateyjarbok," i.-iii. Contains, amongst others, " Orkneyinga Saga " (Jarla- saga) and "Haakon Haakonssons Saga." " Flateyjarbok," i.-iii. Indeholder bl. a. " Orkeyinga Saga" (Jarlasaga) og ''Haakon Haakonssons Saga." 325 " Hakonar Saga Hakonarsonar " (in "Codex Frisianns," page 385). 326 "Orkneyinga Saga," i. and iii. (in " Scriptores rernm Britannicarum medii aevi"). 327 "Orkneyinga Saga." Ed. J. J. Jonaeus. 328 " Hakonar Saga Hakonarsonar," ii. and iv. (in " Scriptores reruni Britann. medii aevi "). 329 "Hakonar Saga Hakonarsonar" (in " Konunga Sogur," published by C. R. Unger). " Hakonar Saga Hakonarsonar " (i " Konunga Sogur " udg af C. R. Unger). 330 " The Orkneyinga Saga" (transl. by Hjaltelin and Goudie). " Orkneyinga Saga " (oversat af Hjaltelin og Goudie). 331 L. Daae. "The Saints of Norway." (About Magnus Jarl and Ragnvald Jarl in the Orkneys, p. 203.) L, Daae. " Norges Helgenor." (Om Magnus Jarl og Ragn- vald paa Orkenoerne.) 332 " Anecdotes of Olave the Black." " Anekdoter om Olav den Sorte." 333 AVithdrawn. 334 JoHNSTONK. "The Norwegian Account of Haco's Expedi- tion, 1263." (Edinburgh, 1882.) Johnstone. "Den norske berctning om Haakons Togt, 1263." (Edinburgh, 1782.) 335 Johnstone. "The Norwegian Account of Haco's Expedi- tion, 1263." (Copenhagen, 1782.) Johnstone. "Den norske beretning om Haakons Togt, 1263." (Kjobenhavn, 1882.) 336 G. Thorkelin. " Fragments of English and Irish History," Contains summary of corresponding Sagas. G. Thorkelin. " Brudstykker af Engelsk og Irsk Historic." Indeholder udtog af hidhen horende Sagaer. 337 "Chronica regum Manniae et insularum." Ed. P. A. Munch. 338 " Symbolae ad historiam antiq. rerum Norvegicarum. ' Ed. P. A. Munch. 800 NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION 339 G. Storm. ''Further remarks on the Scottish ' Historia Norvegiae.' " G. Storm. " Yderligere bemerkninger om den skotske ' Historia Norvegiae.' " 340 ''Historia Norvegiae" (in " Monumenta Historica Nor- vegiae," page 69). 341 S. BuGGE. "Remarks on the Latin 'Chronicle of Norway/ found in Scotland." S. BuGGE. "Bemerkninger om den i Skotland fundne latinske 'Norges Kronike.' " 342 G. Storm. " Norse Historiographers at the time of Sverre." G. Storm. " Norske Historieskrivere paa Sverres tid." 343 G. GouDiB. "The ancient Local Government of the Shet- land Isles." 344 G. Storm. "The earliest connections between the Nor- wegian and the Icelandic Historical Literature" (in "Transactions of the Society of Science, Christiania," 1875). G. Storm. " De aeldste forbindelser mellem den Norske og den Islandske historiske Literatur " (i " Forhandlinger i Vidensk-Selskabet i Christiania," 1875). 345 G. GouDTE. " A Norwegian conveyance of land in Shet- land.'' 346 G. GoLDiE. "Notice of two charters in the Norse lan- guage." 347 G. GouDiE. "The Danish Claims upon Orkney and Shet- land." 348 L. Daae. "Connections between Orkney and Shetland Isles and tlie mother Country, Norway, after 1468." L. Daae. " Om beroringer mellem Orkenoerne og Hjalt- land og moderlandet Norge efter 1468." 349 G. GouDiE. "A charter of confirmation by Frederick III." 350 Fr. Schiern. "Later Historical Studies," containing: " James Hepburn, Earl of Botliwell, his arrest in Nor- way and prison life in Denmark." Fr. ScHiEiiN. " Nyere Historiske Studier," i., inde- lioldende : "James Hepburn, Jarl af Bothwell, hans anholdelse i Norge og Faengselsliv i Danmark." 351 "Danish Collections, i., containing: "Passport issued by Mary Queen of Scots for Anna Rustung (said to be Earl of Bothwell's Norwegian wife)." "Danske Samlinger," i., indeholdende : "Pas udstedt af Maria Stuart for Anna Rustung (der siges at have vaeret gift med Jarlen af Bothwell)." BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 801 352 ''Norwegian Collections," containing: "Contemporary account of marriage of King James VI. of Scotland to Princess Anna in Oslo." '' Norske Samlinger/' indeholdende : " Samtidig Beretning om Prindsesse Annas giftermaal med Kong Jacob VI. af Skotland og deres bryllup i Oslo." 353 L. Daae. "The Scottish Lady" (said to be Earl of Both- well's Norwegian wife) (in "Historical Magazine," ii., page 152). L. Daae. " Skottefruen " (i " Historisk Tidsskrift," ii., side 152). 354 H. Wergeland. "The Douglas Tragedy (in " Bien," xxii.). H. Wergeland. "Lord Douglas Sorgesang " (i "Bien," xxii.). 355 Robert Burns' poem, " Auld Lang Syne." Translated into Norwegian by Henrik Wergeland. Henrik Wergeland. " Gamle Dage " (R. Burns). 356 Bergenhammer. "History of Mary Stuart," containing: "Examination of Bothwell in Bergen." Bergenhammer. "Maria Stuarts Historic," indeholdende: " Forhor over Bothwell i Bergen." 357- Early Translations of Walter Scott. 360 "Prince Stuart" (in "Bien," viii.). "Anecdote from the Scottish Highlands" (in "Bien,' vii.). " Woodstock." " The Pirate " (Sjoroveren). " Ivanhoo," ii. (The bad condition of this volume is a most convincing evidence of the popularity of the great Scot- tish novelist in Norway.) 361 Modern Translations of Walter Scott. " Ivanhoe." " Quentin Durward." "Sjoroveren" (The Pirate). " Kenilworth." " Ivanhoe." 362 Ossian's Poems. Translated to Norwegian by C. U. D. Foltmar. OssiANS Digte. Oversat til Norsk af C. TJ. D. Foltmar. 363 " A day spent with Walter Scott" (in "Bien," v.). " En med Walter Scott tilbragt dag " (i " Bien," v.). 364 H. Wergeland. " The Campbells " (Play). H. Wergeland. " Campbellerne." 365 H. Wergeland. "Prologue" and "Epilogue" to "The Campbells " (in " Bien," xxiii.). 2C 802 NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION 366 B. BjoRNSON. " Maria Stuart in Scotland." 367 G. Storm. " Maria Stuart (Christiania, 1891). 368 G. Storm. ''Maria Stuart" (translation from Wittmann). 369 Thomas Carlyle. "The Early Kings of Norway." 370 ThOxMas Carlyle. " On heroes and hero worship, etc." (Lecture I. treats of Odin and the Scandinavian Mytho- logy.) VOLUMES OF OTHER LENDERS. 371 "The Viking Age." Paul B. Du Chaillu. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 372 "The Norse Influence in Celtic Scotland." George Hender- son, Ph.D. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 373 " De Rebus Albanicis," with extracts from the Norse Sagas, bearing upon the history of the Western Islands of Scot- land. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 374 " The Norwegian Invasion of Scotland." P. A. Munch. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 375 " The Norwegian Account of King Haco's Expedition against Scotland," Edmund Goldsmid. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 376 "History of the Western Highlands and Isles of Scotland." Donald Gregory. Containing an account of the Norse occupation of the Isles. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 377 " Notice of a Viking Grave-mound, Kingscross, Arran," from " Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries." Lent by J. A. Balfour. 378 "Notes on a Viking Grave-mound, Lamlash, Arran," from "Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries." Lent by J. A. Balfour. 379 " Pavli lovii Novocomensis Episcopi Nucerini Descriptiones, quotquot extant, regionum atque locorum. Basileae mdlxxi." (A 16th century description of the Hebrides and Orkney and Shetland Islands.) Lent by George Neilson, LL.D. 380 " Fornmanna Sogur." The Sagas of the Kings of Norway. CCopenhagen edition, 1825, 12 vols.) They contain frequent allusions to Orkney, Shetland, and the Sudreys, which were subject to Norway, 850- 1266 A.D. Lent by R. L. Bremner. BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 803 381 " Islendinga Sogur (The Iceland Sagas). Reykjavik edition, 9 vols, and 1 part. Lent by R. L. Bremnee, 382 "The Story of Burnt Njal." From the Icelandic of the Njals Saga. Lent by R. L. Bremner. 383 " The Story of Grettir the Strong." Grettis Saga. Lent by R. L. Bremner. 384 " The Story of Gisli the Outlaw." Lent by R. L. Bremner. 385 " Cormac the Skald." Kormak, Saga. Lent by R. L. Bremner. 386 " Egils-Saga," edited by Thorkelin, 1809. Opened at the account of the Battle of Vinheath or Brunanburgh between King Olaf and King Athelston in 937 A.D. As to the view that the much-debated site of this great battle was Burnswark Hill in Dumfriesshire, see "Scottish Historical Review," tor October, 1909. Lent by George Neilson, LL.D. 387 "The Saga of King Olaf Tryggwason." Lent by R. L. Bremner. 388 "Egils Saga." Opened at the account of Battle of Vinheath. Lent by R. L. Bremner. 389 "The Tale of Thrond of Gate." Lent by R. L. Bremner. 390 "The Saga Library," 3 vols., by William Morris. Lent by R. L. Bremner. 391 Three Northern Love-Stories. Translated from Iceland by AVilliam Morris. Lent by R. L. Bremner. 392 "Volsunga Saga." Lent by R. L. Bremner. 393 " Lodbrokar-Quida." James Johnstone. Lent by R. L. Bremner. 394 Two Volumes of " Laxdaela Saga. 395 Lent by R. L. Bremner. 396 "The Norwegian Account of Haco's Expedition against Scotland." James Johnston, 1752. Lent by R. L. Bremner. 397 " Skotland's Rimur," Icelandic ballads on the Gowrie Con- spiracy. Lent by R. L. Bremner. NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION 398 -Viga Glum's Saga.- Translated by Sir Edmund Head. Lent by R. L. Bremnee. 399 "Our Scandinavian Forefathers.^ William Miller. Lent by R. L. Bremner. 400 Two Volumes of " The Elder Saga," commonly called " Sae- 401 mund's Saga." (According to Vigfusson and Munch, many of the lays were the work of Northmen settled in the Western Isles.) Lent by R. L. Bremner. 402 " Antiquitates Celto-Normannicae," with Johnstone's edition of " The Chronicle of Man and the Isles." Lent by R. L. Bremner. 403 "Scandinavian Names of Farms and Townlands in Lewis, with Harris." " Proceedings of Society of Antiquaries of Scotland." Lent by R. L. Bremner. 404 " Illustrations of Northern Antiquities," with abstract of the " Eyrbiggia-Saga." Sir W^alter Scott. Lent by R. L. Bremner. i05 "An Account of the Danes and Norwegians." Worsaae. Lent by R. L. Bremner. 406 "The Early Kings of Norway." Carlyle. Lent by R. L. Bremner. 407 " Scandinavian Britain." Collingwood. Lent by R. L. Bremner. 408 " Vikingerne," 2 vols. Bugge. Lent by R. L. Bremner. 409 " Some Notes on the Norsemen in Argyllshire and on the Clyde." Bremner. Lent by R. L. Bremner, 410 Engraving of Ruthwell Cross, Dumfriesshire, with runic inscriptions. (See also Early Scottish Architecture Section, North Wall, Mid Gallery and East Gallery.) Lent by J. A. Balfour. 411 Cast of Runic Inscription on Cell of Saint Molaise, Holy Isle, Buteshire. Probable reading : Uiglaeikr Stallr r(eist) r(liuar) f (ra) N(aesi). Translation : Wigleik Stall from Ness cut these runes. Cast made and lent by J. A. Balfour. 412 Cast of Runic Inscription on Cell of Saint Molaise, Holy Isle, Buteshire. Reading : Amundar, — Amund, a proper name ; the ar is the end of the nominative. Cast made and lent by J. A. Balfour. BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 805 il3 Rubbing of Tombstone of Sir Hugh Halcro of Halcro, in St. Mary's Church, South Ronaldshay, Orkney. Lent by C. S. S. Johnston, 414 Frame, containing Engravings of Hunterston Brooch with runic inscription, and Viking Sword Hilt from Island of Eigg. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 415 Engraving of Bishop's Palace, Kirkwall, where King Haakon died, on his return from the Battle of Largs. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 416 View of Nave of Cathedral of Kirkwall, where King Haakon was buried for a time. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 417 View of Kirkwall Cathedral. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 418 Engravings of Norse Rings, with runic inscriptions, found in Scotland. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 419 Photograph of Address presented to King Haakon VII. on his accession to the throne of Norway, from the County Council of Zetland and Council of Lerwick. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 420 Photographs of Swono's Stone, Forres. An ancient sculp- 421 tured stone, with remarkable designs, partly Scandi- navian and partly Celtic. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 422 Rubbing of Panel from Halcro pew, Ophir Church, Orkney. Lent by C. S. S. Johnston. 423 Photographs illustrating the curious custom of burning a 424 Viking ship at the conclusion of the Yule festival in Lerwick. The date is the twenty-fourth day after the 5th of January, i.e. 29th, known as Up-Helly-a, or con- clusion of the holy days. One photograph shows the ship to be destroyed, the other the " Jarl " who com- mands the ceremony. The custom is very ancient, and the origin is unknown. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 425 Umbo or Shield Boss, from Viking Grave-mound, Lamlash, Arran. Lent by J. A. Balfour, in trust for R. Crawford, Junr., Arran, and the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 426 Sax or Single-edged Sword, from Viking Grave-mound, of 8th or early 9th century, Lamlash, Arran. Lent by J. A. Balfour, in trust for R. Crawford, Junr., and the Society of Antiquaries of Scot- land. 806 NORSE-SCOTTISH SECTION 427 Combs and Pins of bone, of the Viking period, found in Orkney. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 428 Silver Pin, of Viking type, found in Orkney. Lent by James M. Goudie. 429 Gilt Bronze Plaque, found in Galloway, probably Viking. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 430 Hilt of Sword, of Viking type, found in Bute. Lent by Marquis of Bute. 431 \ arious Objects, showing Viking influence, found in west coast of Scotland. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 432 Objects, found in Viking Grave-mound, Colonsay. Lent by L. M'L. Mann 433 Bronze Pin, with crozier-like head, probably Viking, found in Orkney. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 434 Portions of Viking Bronze Brooches. Lent by Duke of Sutherland. 435 Objects, of the Viking period, found in shore sites, West Scotland. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 486 Pair of Silver Scales, with weights, of Viking character, found in Island of Gigha. Lent by the University of Glasgow. 437 Objects from Viking burials. Western Islands. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 438 Case containing Stone Ball and Beads, with spiral ornamen- tation, suggesting a connection between Norwegian art and that of Scotland. Objects lent by Dr. Grierson's Museum, Thornhill, Elgin Museum, Montrose Museum, and L. M'L. Mann. 439 Viking Linen Smoother of glass. Lent by L. M'L. Mann. 440 Mediaeval Pottery, with Viking Linen Smoother of glass, from Loch of Friars' Carse, Dumfriesshire. Lent by Dr Grierson's Museum, Thornhill. 441 Glass Linen Smoother, with handle. Lent by Museum Association, Kirkcudbright. 442 Klibber, Shetland pack-saddle fixture for the back of ponies, to carry a load on either side. Old Norse Kljuf-ber. Lent by Gilbert Goudie. BALCONY OF SOUTH GALLERY 807 443 Model of Caishey (a basket used in Shetland for carrying burdens). Lent by Gilbert Goudie. 444 " Monumenta Orcadia," by L. Dietrichson. Lent by J. W. Cubsiter. 445 Viking Sword, from Island of Sanday, Orkney. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 446 Viking Helmet, from Island of Sanday, Orkney. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 447 Viking Axe, from Island of Sanday, Orkney. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. PREHISTORIC GALLERY [Supplementary to this Catalogue there is in preparation ''Scottish Pre-History Outlined," an illustrated hand- book wherein will be found in narrative form the substance of the Wall Charts and Descriptive Labels shown in the Gallery.] To give at a glance a survey of the Scottish Prehistoric Epochs which bear upon the human occupation of the area, and their approximate chronological valuations, Sixteen Large Wall Charts are placed in their sequence in time round this Room, beginning at the left on entering and finishing at the right. A like sequence has been attempted in the position of the relics. The vast space of time between the Period of Greatest Glaciation in Scotland and the Birth of Christ has been divided into Sixteen Periods. As a rule, the younger the period the shorter is its estimated duration. The Charts demonstrate in tentative outline and in brief and plain language the oscillatory movements in the relative level of land and sea, the successive changes in humidity and temperature and in plant and animal life. Particular attention has been paid to the traces of Man's presence and to episodes such as his attack upon the whales stranded above Stirling, and to his importation of large Flint Flakes from Ireland at an early period, possibly during the first, probably during the second Forestian Period, an interesting trade connection which has hitherto escaped notice. Below the Large Charts have been placed about forty smaller Notices describing facts, some of which are entirely new to Scottish and even to European Prehistoric Archae- ology, and are demonstrated by the relics laid out in the cases. The existence of two Scottish Flint-working Periods, probably greatly differing in time, is shown by cases con- taining eighty-seven flint implements, re-chipped at a later period. These, including four specimens recently gifted to the British Museum, are the only known Scottish specimens. Among the subjects dealt with are Ancient Industrial Processes — for example, the Manufacturing, Hafting, Repair and Re-making of Stone Axes ; the Making of Jet or Cannel Coal Ornaments ; the Making of Implements of Flint, Pitch- stone, Porphyry, Felstone, Quartzite, and other stones ; the Working in Gold and Silver ; Stone Age Carpentry Work ; the Making of Pottery ; the Casting of Bronze Tools and Ornaments ; the manufacture of Green Vitreous Paste Beads early in the Bronze Age, and of Yellow Glass Beads in the Early Iron Age; and the manufacture of Stone-tipped Arrows. The Metallurgy of Bronze and Iron is dealt with by PREHISTORIC GALLERY 809 Dr. Cecil Desch, Glasgow University; and Prehistoric Sepul- ture and Chambered Cairns by Professor Thomas H. Bryce, Glasgow University. Notices also deal with Pivot and Socket Stones; Cup and Ring Sculpturings ; Carved Stone Balls ; Daub and Wattle Work ; Flint Implements generally ; Prehistoric Archery; Diminutive Flint Implements and Ornaments; Gold Tores and Hollow Rings; Bronze Ear- rings ; Prehistoric Agriculture ; Bronze Swords ; Socketed Bronze Knives; Cremation Burials; the Mammoth in Scot- land; the Reindeer; the Urus, or large Wild Ox; Shetland Stone Knives; Ancient Canoes; a Hebridean Bronze Age Hut; Perforated Stone Axe-heads; and Vitrij&ed Forts. Clearly demonstrated are the Evolution of the Axe-head from Stone to Copper and Bronze, and from Bronze to Iron, involving the successive inventions of flanging, stop-ridging, looping and socketing, which took more than 1000 years to develop ; and the Evolution of Pottery Types, domestic and sepulchral, from the Stone Age Bowl to its lineal descendant the Hebridean " Craggan." The restoration of Sites with their original soil and relics has for the first time on an extensive scale been carried out to visualize prehistoric methods and customs. There are vivid reconstructions of Inhumed Burials of the Stone, the Bronze, and the Early Iron Ages, with the grave-slabs and furniture and osseous contents. Dwellings and Workshops, a Flotilla of Clyde Canoes, and Tombs are shown by Models made to accurate scales. Part of the Site of what might be called a Scottish Pompeii — an inhabited site overwhelmed during the Second Millennium before Christ — is restored, with about 3000 humanly worked objects discovered embedded in its soil. This exhibit in particular has already much interested expert visitors from England, Ireland, and the Continent. A Bronze Age Cairn, showing seventeen of its cinerary vessels in position, with the original cremated bones, the deposited white quartz pebbles, the clay lids, beads, and the actual soil and boulders has been placed on view. Several other burials after cremation, some of unique character, are also restored in their original environment. Among many specimens of Scottish Prehistoric Art (de- monstrating that Man of those times was not a savage, but a skilled craftsman and artist) are Gold Objects lent by the Duke of Argyll, a magnificent and unique Necklace of Tubular Bronze Beads found at Skibo, lent by Mr. Andrew Carnegie; a Ringed Necklace of Bronze, lent by Lord Aberdeen; four unusually fine Necklaces of Jet Beads, and an almost unrivalled collection of ancient Scottish Beads of Glass and Amber. There are also many fine examples of " Late Celtic " Art. The elucidation of Scottish Prehistory has been seriously handicapped by lack of funds (most Scottish subscriptions for archaeological research going abroad), by an ignorant and dogmatic dilettanteism, and an almost invariable wrecking of prehistoric structures and objects as they come to light. If the Prehistoric Gallery assists in substituting for a merely idle and antiquarian curiosity a strong, intelligent 810 HUMAN AND INTER-GLACIAL RELICS scientific interest, the labours of those who have devoted two years to the preparation of the Gallery, and a much longer time to the collection of its contents, will be amply repaid. LuDovic M'L. Mann. [The following, among others, have assisted in the work of this Section apart from the lending of Exhibits. IN FIELD AND EXPLORING WORK. Miss Broadfoot, Messrs. A. Beckett, W. Broadfoot, A. Henderson Bishop, J. Graham Callander, Mrs. A. W. Farquhar, and Mr. S. Gordon. IN INSIDE WORK. Messrs. George Anderson, E. C. R. Armstrong, Wm. M'G. Bennett, and A. Henderson Bishop, Prof. Thos. H. Bryce, Messrs. Mungo Buchanan, and J. A. Balfour, Miss Dreda Boyd, Dr. Cecil Desch, Messrs. Robert Dunlop and F. C. Eeles, Mrs. F. C. Eeles, Dr. William Gemmell, Dr. L. C. Broughton-Head, Me.'ssrs. D. Hogg and L. S. Hope, Mrs. Inglis Ker, Messrs. James Laird and Archibald J. Laird, Miss Hilda B. Lang, Messrs. Colin MacCrone, James Neilson, Alex. Proudfoot, Clement Reid, David Wright Smith, and Reginald A. Smith. Several tables and cases have been lent by Mr. James Paton for the Corporation of Glasgow, Messrs. Orme & Sons, Ld., and Messrs. Burroughes & Watts, Ld.] CASE 1. EARLIEST HUMAN AND INTER-GLACIAL RELICS. 1 Collection of Flint Implements, water rolled, probably the earliest flint implements yet discovered in Scotland. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 2 Mass of Peaty Matter found deposited in boulder clay, con- taining seeds of fresh-water plants, demonstrating the existence of a mild interglacial period. Lent by Hunterian Museum. 3 Concreted Mass of Shells and Food Refuse from the Mac- Arthur Cave, Oban. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 4 Collection of Flints, and twelve blunt-nosed chisels and anvil stones, and specimens of shells, from au early Stone Age site in Oronsay, one of tbe earliest inhabited sites known in Scotland. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 5 Mammoth Tooth from Bishopbriggs, Lanarkshire. Lent by Hunterian Museum. 6 Mammoth Tusk from Kilmaurs, Ayrshire. Lent by Hunterian Museum. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 811 7 Fragment of Tusk op Mammoth, found in undisturbed blue till during excavations for Union Canal, Clifton Hall, near Edinburgh. Lent by Free Church College, Edinburgh. 8 Mammoth Tusk, found near Kilmarnock. Lent by Hunterian Museum. 9 Fragment of Tusk of Mammoth, found while excavating Union Canal, at Dovecot Field, Clifton Hall. Lent by Free Church College, Edinburgh. 10 Hard Brown Peat, found under marine sand, Irvine Beach, Ayrshire. Lent by Hunterian Museum. 11 Fragment of Elk's Horn. Lent by James Wright. 12 Fragment of Reindeer Horn, from Boulder Clay, Raesgill, Carluke. ^ Lent by Hunterian Museum. 13 Fragment of Skeleton of Whale, found at Airthrey, near Stirling, 22 feet above present high-water mark. Lent by Hunterian Museum. 14 Pick of Deer's Horn, found with whale carcase in the Carse of Stirling (cast). Lent by University of Edinburgh. 15 Two Fragments of Horn of Irish elk. Lent by Hunterian Museum. 16 Three Barbed Harpoon Heads, and one bone implement (casts), found in the MacArthur Cave, Oban. Lent by Oban Scientific and Literary Association. 17 Barbed Harpoon Head of bone, found in the river Dee at Kirkcudbright. Lent by Stewartry of Kirkcudbright Museum Association. 18 Highly patinated roughly-made Flint Flakes. Probably as old as the MacArthur Cave deposits. Found near Loch Ryan, well above present sea-level. Lent bv Ludovic M'L. Mann. CASE 2. 1 Box, containing Three Collections of Flint Implements obtained on the same ground, showing (1) thick patina- tion, (2) thinner patination, and (3) little or no patina- tion. Those probably belong to different periods, and come from Loch Ryan district. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 812 IMPLEMENTS OF STONE AND FLINT 2 Two Cases, containing 82 Flint Implements of the Older Series, re-chipped at a later period. On some of the specimens are marked numbers "1," "2," and " 3," which indicate respectively the (1) original crust of the pebble, (2) the surface exposed by flaking during the Older Period, and (3) by re-chipping during the Younger Period. S.W. Scotland. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 3 Box, containing 24 Flakes of Flint from raised beach at Campbeltown, and one Lance Point of Flint. Lent by Campbeltown Free Library Trustees, per D. M'KlNLAY. 4 Two Massive Flint Cores, one from the south-west and the other from the north-east of Scotland. No larger cores seem to have been recorded from Scotland. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 5 Collection of Flint Implements, in tw^ groups, separated according as they appear to belong to the Older and the Younger Series. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Stone Knives peculiar to Shetland. These are thin knife- like implements of porphyry or other hard volcanic stone, ground on both faces. Of unknown use. Of the Stone or Bronze Periods. 6 Ten Specimens. 7 Eight Specimens. 8 Five Specimens. Lent by J. M. Goudie. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 9 A flattish, thin Triangular Stone of unique character and of unknown use. Two sides, measuring S^^ ins. and 6| ins., are carefully ground to fine cutting edges, and each has a small carefully ground-out notch. The third side, 9| ins. long, is not ground, but has a similar notch. Found at Clayshant, Wigtonshire, in 1906. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 10 Handled Club of stone, 14ii ins. long, showing marks of use at one end. Found in a prehistoric layer, S.W. Scot- land. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 11 Collection of Implements of flint, quartz, and bone, from a shell-heap in Coll. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 12 Four Stone Clubs from Shetland, and one from Orkney. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 813 Three Rude Stone Implements of sandstone from Shetland. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Long Oval Stones, each with Picked-out Waists. Found at Cruden in 1871. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. From Aberdeenshire. 6 From Aberdeenshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 7 Stone, with picked-out waist and abraded ends, probably a Hammer Stone which has been hafted round the middle, from Shetland. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. .8 Collection of 19 Stone Implements turned up during farm- ing work, among which are a Grater Stone (one of three known specimens, the other two being shown in Case IV., item 2, and Case VII., item 20), Anvdl Stones, Hammer Stones, a large Whetstone with a hooked end, Crescentic or Hook-like Stones, Stone ground into a cup shape, and Smoothing Stones. Many of these are stones of unique types. Of Stone or Bronze Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 19 A Portion of a lot of more than one hundred small " thumb- nail " Scrapers of flint, got at one spot with a white quartz Anvil Stone (also exhibited), but with no other types of implement. At this place there was probably a workshop of a flint worker who specialised in these tools. Bronze or Stone Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. The only two recorded Hoards of selected, partly worked, large Flint Flakes, imported from the north of Ireland to the south-west of Scotland during very early times, probably during an early phase of the Neolithic Period, 20 Seventy-seven Flakes found 8 ft. below the surface near Portpatrick. The hoard was found tightly packed together with two Hammer Stones, one of white quartz and the other of greywacke, and a semi-circular Rubbing Stone. This deposit was covered by a growth of peat 8 ft. thick, and was found touching the bole of a large decayed oak tree which had been overgrown by the peat. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 21 Another similar Hoard of 156 Flakes, found closely packed together. The Hoards were probably the stock-in-trade of itinerant merchants. Also found near Portpatrick. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 814 IMPLEMENTS OF STONE AND FLINT 22 Anvil Stone of Ross of Mull red granite, bearing an ab- raded surface on each face, got with an inhumed burial in the east end of lona. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 23 Doubly-pointed club-like Object of Stone, found at Sand- garth, Delting. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 24 Two-handled club-like Stones, one from the Brouch, Moss- bank, and the other from Bretta, both in Shetland. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 25 Two small Stone knife-like Objects, both from W. Burra- firth, Aithsting. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 26 Stone like an Adze-head, found at Ballivianan, Kintyre, 9| ins. long; and three massive Flint Nodules (weighing 5 lbs., 7^ lbs., and 10 lbs. 1 oz.), some flakes from which have anciently been struck ; found in 1894 five feet under present surface at Millknowe, Campbeltown. Probably imported from Antrim in prehistoric times. Lent by Campbeltown Mlseum Trustees. 27 Massive Anvil Stone, from Aberdeenshire. Lent by Rev. J. H. Burn. CASE 3. ARCHERY AND ARROW-MAKING. Arrow Points of flint and other stone and of bone were in use in Scotland until about 300 years B.C. No undoubted British bronze arrow points are known, the stone tips being at once superseded by iron heads. Practically all known types and sizes are exhibited. No prehistoric bow is known to survive, but the shafts, with flint heads, have been found in peat mosses. 1-2 Two Models of Arrow Shafts, with ancient flint points. Made and lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 3 A Stone of greywacke ; bearing on one face deep shallow gutters ; probably used as a straightener for arrow shafts. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 4 Collection of Hollow Flint Scrapers ; probably used held obliquely in the making of the shafts. One is of a very rare type, having a serrated edge. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 5 A narrow, thin Rectangular Stone of brown slate, with a perforation at each end, used attached to the left wrist of the bowman as protection against a recoil of the bow-string. Lent by Hunterian Museum. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 815 Thieteen Collections op Flint Arrow Points. 6 Collection of 78 Leaf-shaped Points; West Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 7 Collection of 61 Leaf-shaped Points; West Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann, 8 Collection of 69 Leaf-shaped Points; N.E. Scottish. ^ The locality of flint implements and points may be with some certainty ascertained from the colour of the j&int, north-eastern Scottish flints being of richer colour than those from the south-west^ while those from the middle Lowlands of Scotland are often of greenish colour. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 9 Collection of 19 Points, selected because of their peculiar shapes, such as kite shape, square edged, and cylindrical. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 10 Collection of Points of stone other than flint. (a) Leaf-shaped point of slate from Wigtonshire ; (6 and c) leaf-shaped points of Calcedony, both from the Sturrock Collection, one found at Kirkbuddo and the other at Monikie ; (d) one of mica-schist, barbed and stemmed, from the Sturrock Collection, found in Aberdeenshire; (e) one of agate, ground and polished and of leaf-shape, from the Sturrock Collection, found at Kirkbuddo; (/, g, h) of greenish stone, leaf-shaped, from Peeblesshire ; (i) of pitch-stone, leaf-shaped, from Wigtonshire. Of pitch-stone there are four specimens known. A leaf-shaped specimen from Corriegills, Arran, is shown by Mr. J. A. Balfour as a charm in the East Gallery (Case 2, item 45). Several rare arrow tips from the Hebrides are shown in Case 6 ; one of white quartz, ground and stemmed, was got in a domestic site in Coll, and is in Case 14, item 13 ; one of felstone (the only known example), barbed and stemmed, is in Case 33 ; one of jasper, kite-shaped, is shown in Case 7, item 31. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 11 Four Boxes of 113 Flint Arrow Heads, one of which is ground, from Aberdeenshire. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 12 One Box of 18 Points from Aberdeenshire. Lent by T. C. Esson. 13 One Box of 33 Barbed and Stemmed Points. West Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 14 Box of 17 Points, barbed and stemmed^ from Aberdeen- shire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 816 ARCHERY AND ARROW-MAKING 15 Collection, in two sections, of 32 Points of unusually small dimensions, both barbed and stemmed and leaf-shaped. From South-west Scotland. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 16 Twelve Worked Flints, shaped like arrow points, but lop- sided, of unknown use, and of great rarity. S.W. Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 17 Case of Flint Arrow Points, from West Scottish sites; thrown aside or lost before their manufacture had been completed. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 18 Case of Arrow Points, barbed and stemmed, and of leaf shape, with rare feature of a ground surface. West Scottish. The ground surface is usually on one face near the middle. In trimming the point a knot or pro- tuberance was often left near the centre of one face, and unless removed, made it difficult to insert the arrow point in the narrow slot at the end of the wooden shaft. The knot was not easy to remove by further flaking, and was apparently removed hy grinding. Knotted points are shown for comparison. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Early and Mediaeval Iron Arrow Points. 19 Box of 12 Arrow Points, found at (or near) the Roman Wall between the Tyne and Solway. Lent by Hunterian Museum.^ 20 Iron Point, found at Norham Castle. Lent by Hawick Museum. 21 Iron Point, with long barbs, said to have been found on Flodden Field. Lent by Sergt. Mitchell. 22 Point, rivetted to bone shank, to which there has appar- ently been a wooden extension. From the Outer Isles, and said to have been found in an Earth House. Lent by Alex. Carmichael. 23 Case of Iron Arrow Points, each about 2 ins. long, leaf- shaped and socketed, the mid rib extending to tip of the blade, resembling the flint blade in its wooden shaft, from which also was derived the small javelin head in bronze, a good specimen of which is shown for com- parison. West Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 24 Case of Thumb Rings of Stone, probably used in assisting to release the bow-string, and worn on the thumb, probably on the upper joint, of the bowman's right hand. A mediaeval specimen in gold is in the British Museum. Probably prehistoric. West and North Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 817 CASE 4. STONE AGE DWELLINGS AND TOMBS. Relics belonging to the latest phase of the Stone Age, when Round -based, Bowl-shaped Pottery Vessels were hi vogue. 1 Human Bones and Skulls, found in chambers inside large cairns in Arran. Lent by Professor T. H. Bryce. 2 Model of a large burial mound in Arran (on scale of about j^^th), showing in the interior a large chamber divided into compartments. The chamber is modelled on a somewhat larger scale than the mound. Made and lent by J. A. Balfour. 3 Collection of round-based pottery fragments, representing ten vessels, flint chippings, fragments of felstone axes, flint arrow points, massive flint scrapers and flint knives, anvil stones, and long axe-head of flint with a chipped surface, and other stone implements. Found on a domestic site in south-west of Scotland. About 100 objects. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 4 Collection of implements of flint, white quartz, graywacke, and other stones, and pottery fragments, found within half- underground wood and wattle mound dwellings in Wig- tonshire. About 50 objects. (See Froc. Scot. Antiq. Soc.) Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 5 Piece of Wood (cast), cut with a stone axe from the foundations of one of those dwellings. In Case 33 are 15 casts of typical stone axe carpentry work from the same site. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 6 Model (on scale of | in. to a foot) of two dwellings, part of a village of at least five houses, referred to in item 4. Made and lent b> Ludovic M'L Mann. 7 Three Round-based Vessels, from Chambered Cairn at Beacharra, Kintyre. Lent by Campbeltown Museum. 8 Collection of Pottery, selected because it is identical with the specimens referred to in item 7 ; from a domestic site in Wigtonshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. [This case contains the only known Scottish Stone Age Domestic Pottery.] 818 RESTORATION OF A FLINT FACTORY CASE 5. RESTORATION OF PART OF A FLINT FACTORY at Skelmuir, Aberdeenshire, with Massive Hammer Stones and Massive Anvil Stones and Flint Flakes. About 60 objects. Owing to comparative abundance of the raw material (flint nodules derived from a denuded chalk bed) at Moss-side, Skelmuir, workshops existed there for the making of flint implements. The larger and coarser hammer and anvil stones were probably used in the rougher and preliminary process of striking off flakes, and the finer and smaller implements in the final trimming of the flakes. The three massive, greyish, quartzoze water-worn boulders here exhibited were found by Mr. Gordon, farmer, at the Moss-side workshop. They were used as anvil stones, the pittings (some of which are more than one inch deep, and confluent with others and surrounded by shallower hollows) being worn in the flat faces by flints apparently having been broken upon them with hammer stones, many of which, with an abundance of splintered flint nodules, were also found at the same site. Apparently nowhere else in Scotland, or in any other country, occur such massive anvil stones with such pro- nounced pittings. One of the Boulders is : (1) 8| ins. by 6 ins. by 2| ins., and on one side are five and on the other three pittings. (2) Another is 8| ins. by 5 ins. by 3^ ins., and bears on one side three, and on the other side five pittings, while a third side is abraded. (3) A third measures 9 ins. by 6| ins. by 4 ins. One side has a single deep pitting. On two other sides there are respectively seven and five pittings. From the same locality, and of the same colour and material, are three smaller Anvil Stones, all with deeply- pitted faces and abraded sides, measuring respectively : (4) 5 ins. by 3| ins. by 2f ins. (5) 6 ins. by 3^ ins. by 2i ins. (6) 5^ ins. by 5 ins. by 4 ins. No. 6 is a Spherical Stone, with each face deeply and roughly abraded into circular cavities, probably for rough usage. In another type of heavy Anvil-like Stone, probably peculiar to the Scottish North-eastern Flint District, the fittings are very smoothly worn, and probably these anvils were employed resting on the knee. In this way was ob- tained the resiliency so useful in the final trimming of flints. One specimen shown measures : (7) 6f ins. by 5 ins. by 4^ ins. ; and another (8) 7 ins. by 5^ ins. by 3 ins. This stone is of reddish colour. (9) Another, almost identical, is 6| ins. by 4 ins. by I in., PREHISTORIC GALLERY 819 and was long treasured in a Wigtonshire collection, and is here shown for comparison. It probably was brought by a collector from the Aberdeenshire Flint District. (10) There is -also shown a collection of Flint Flakes, Cores, and Implements from the district in question. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. CASE 6. HEBRIDEAN BURIALS, PROBABLY OF STONE AGE. Skeleton of an Adult, about 23 years of age, probably a male, discovered and excavated in 1907 by Mrs. A. W. Farquhar and Ludovic M'L. Mann. It was interred several feet deep in ancient drift shell-sand, and im- mediately beneath it was the ancient compact hard gravel of the 25 foot beach. The body was placed in a crouched position on the right side, somewhat breast downwards, with knees drawn up. At the neck was found a Bone Pin, per- forated at the thicker end. (See small box within the case.) No cist-structure was present. The bones are in wonderfully good condition, owing to the preservative action of the shell-sand, which in those parts is com- posed of the finely comminuted particles of the shells of certain land snails. The interment was exposed with the utmost caution, and photographs, drawings, measure- ments and compass bearings were taken at the various stages in the work, to ensure the utmost accuracy when the time came for reconstructing the burial (as has now been done with the co-operation of Prof. Thos. H. Bryce) in its precisely correct original position and in the original soil. The bones of one foot disclose slight traces of rheuma- toid arthritis. In 1910, within a few yards of the same place, another burial was similarly excavated by Mr. Mann, with the assistance of A. Henderson Bishop and J. Graham Cal- lander. The Child's Skeleton then discovered is shown at farther end of the case in its original environment; and on the opposite wall is a life-size photograph taken at one stage in the excavation work. In the photograph may be seen a foot-rule, which lies magnetic north and south. The head of the body was placed to the south. Supporting the left shoulder was a stone. A small flint flake was found in close association with the bones of the right hand. The relatives or friends of the deceased had apparently placed within the hand of the dead child this tiny Cake of flint, then perhaps hafted in a small handle of wood or horn, now perished. The child was about six years of age, as shown from the dentition and the bones. 820 IMPLEMENTS OF OVERLAP PERIOD On an old land surface above the interments, and apparently of less antiquity, were found about a hundred prehistoric objects shown in this case. They are : 3 A massive Domestic Hand-made Pottery Vessel, bucket- shaped, about 17^ ins. high, with beading outside about 5 ins. below rim. It was found embedded in a layer of dark soil, closely associated with bones of the lower animals and pottery fragments. 4 Bono Implements and Objects, some or known types, but some of quite uncertain purpose and unique. 5 Implements, Discs, and possibly Ornaments of stone, chiefly of flint, porphyry, and quartzite. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. CASE 7. Case 7 (upper central table) contains 72 square feet of surface upon which has been reconstructed, using the original sand and material, a portion of the inhabited surface at a prehistoric village which was of considerable size. About 3,000 objects, all bearing traces of human workmanship were recovered, and are now exhibited and classified into 43 sections. The site belongs to the Overlap Period between the Stone and Bronze Periods, about 1500 years before Christ (see Wall Chart 10). The site was overwhelmed by blowing sand, which thus preserved the old surface with its imperish- able contents. Explored and reconstructed by Ludovic M'L. Mann, assisted by Miss Broadfoot, W. Broadfoot and A. Becket. The classification of objects is as follows: — • 1 Flakings of stone other than flint, struck from water-worn boulders brought into the settlement. Most of these flakes show the point of impact of the striking hammer, and were struck off so skilfully that some ot them are exceedingly thin with sharp edges and must have been useful implements for cutting, hoeing, and other work. Many of these, doubtless, were set in wooden, bone, or horn handles, which have perished. The absence of bone, shell, leather, wood (unless charcoal) and horn is accounted for by the dry porous soil and the great antiquity of the site. 2 Flakings of stone similar to those described in item No. 1, but ground on one or both sides. 3 Water-rolled Stones, showing flaking, or attempted flaking from them, and showing the point of impact of the hammer used. 4 Relics as described in item No. 3, but used as anvils before or after the flaking. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 821 5 Anvil Stones, usually flattish pebbles with the flat side abraded in the centre. 6 Hammer Stones, usually oval or somewhat elongated pebbles, the abraded ends showing signs of a hammering action. Many of them were of white quartz, a material chosen because of its hardness. 7 PoT-BoiLEKS, or water-worn pebbles, taken into the settle- ment, heated in the domestic fire, then plunged in a pot of water to heat the water for cooking purposes. The sudden change of temperature resulted in a character- istic fracturing. Some of the pot-boilers had been previously used as hammer and anvil stones. 8 Finger-like Stones with abraded ends. 9 Long Stones used hatchet-wise, as attested by their roughened edges. 10 FiiAKEs (not of flint) chipped into special forms such as ovals, discs, crescents, or broad blades with tangs. 11 Grinding, polishing, and rubbing Stones of red sandstone : a favourite material for such work. 12 Rubbing and grinding Stones of stone other than red sand- stone. 13 Perforated Axe-Hammer of a variety of gabbro, a white and black speckled stone, a beautiful and rare material found only in one locality in Scotland. 14 Perforated Axe-Hammer of grey stone. 15 Fire-injured Stones. 16 Small Felstone Axes in course of being made probably from pieces of axes of larger size. 17 Chippings of felstone and fragments of felstone Axes, some fire-injured. 18 Hematite Fragments. 19 Pointed Tools of Stone other than flint. 20 Large Oval Pebble used as a grater. The surface is finely punctulated over a clearly defined area. An attempt has been made to take a flake off the end. The only other known specimens are shown in Case 4, item 11, and Case 2, item 3. 21 Small Centrally Perforated Stone Discs of coarse sand-stone, probably pendant ornaments; not spinning whorls. 22 Object of Slate. 23 Raw Flint Pebbles, or "Nodules" unchipped ; brought into the settlement to be worked into tools. 822 IMPLEMENTS OF OVERLAP PERIOD 24 Flint Pebbles, ''Cores " or " Nuclei " from which flakes have been struck. 25 Small Flint Flakes struck from the cores, the first stage in the making of flint implements. 26 Thumb-nail Scrapers of flint. 27 Long Scrapers, knives and pointed tools of flint. 28 Double and Single-edged Saws of flint. 29 " Flakers," or long finger-like, rather rude, tools of flint and other stone, supposed to have been used for pressing off the flakes from the flint nodule. 30 Arrow-points of flint, chiefly of leaf-shape. 30a Needles of flint, so small as to require a lens for the proper examination of their very skilfully trimmed edges. 31 Arrow-point of Jasper, kite-shaped. 32 Fragments, chippings, and some tools of pitch-stone of various qualities, probably imported from various parts of the island of Arran. This stone resembles the Mexican obsidian. 33 Oval Conical Jet Button or bead with two perforations set obliquely in the base and meeting in the centre. 34 Jet Pendant Ornament. 35 Curved Jet Ornament. 36 Sand-stone Bead ; short, cylindrical and perforated through the longer axis. 37 Star-shaped Beads of coarse vitreous paste. These beads may be seen in Case 12, item 1. 38 Nodule of ferruginous stone, perhaps used in the striking of light. 39 Complete Vessels, and fragments of others, of thick-walled, heavy-rimmed, round-based vessels, ornamented by the impression of stamps of various kinds, such as ends of twigs or reeds, and ribbed objects, possibly corrugated shells. 40 Fragments of thin-walled, reddish, string-marked, flat-based pottery called "Beakers." 41 A Shallow, Saucer-Shaped Dish, lavishly perforated in base and sides, the only specimen known in the British Isles. 42 Wood Charcoal from the hearths. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 823 CASE 8. Case of Models of four Clyde Dug-out Canoes. Made and lent by James Laird and Archibald J. Laird. CASE 9. Objects illustrating the Ancient Metallurgy of Copper and Bronze, the casting of Implements and Ornaments, and a Collection of Scottish Stone Moulds used in the Early Bronze Age for casting Flat Axes, Chisels, Rings and Bars. 1 A Mould, from Insch, Aberdeenshire — the finest known — with cast showing the under side, and casts of the objects produced. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 2 A Mould, from Strathcona, Ross-shire. Lent by Miss Balfour. 3 A Mould, from Banff. Lent by the Banff Museum. 4 A Mould, from Alford, Aberdeenshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 5 Ancient Bronze Slag, from a workshop site. 6 A Run-piece of Bronze, a fragment of ancient casting, un- hanimered aud unfinished, from a workshop site. 7 Crucible, with particles of bronze slag adhering. 8 Pieces of Ore, very rich in copper, of brilliant green colour, taken from a surface deposit, which was probably known to the early inhabitants. Nos. 5 to 8 were discovered in S.W. of Scotland. Nos. 4 to 8 lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. CASE 10. Illustrating Agriculture and Preparation of Cereals for Food in Prehistoric and Mediaeval Times in Scotland. 1 Base Fragment of a pottery vessel of thin reddish ware, usually called a " beaker," from a domestic site in North Berwick. The fragment shows two impressions of grains of wheat, made while the clay was still soft. The fragment belongs to the earliest phase of the Bronze Age, if not to the period of transition between the Stone and Bronze Ages. Lent by James Edward Cree. 2 Bronze Sickle Lent by Hunterian Museum. 824 AGRICULTURE 3 Bronze Sickle from Aberdeenshire (a cast in lead). Sickles have been referred to as evidence of agriculture having been carried on in Scotland during the Bronze Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 4 Prehistoric Wheat found in 1910 in Morayshire, in dark, sandy soil, with vi^ood, charcoal, and fragments of a hand-made pottery vessel, apparently of the late Bronze Age. Discovered and lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann and J. Graham Callander. 5 Collection of stalks, awns, complete ears, and single grains of barley, discovered in the foundations of prehistoric w^ooden structure on the banks of the Clyde at Old Kil patrick. This barley is said to be new to science ; but it has been a well cultivated cereal. (Other relics from this site may be seen in case 29.) Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 6 Wheat found in 1867 in a sunken stone-paved chamber within the circular fort (probably pre-Roman) at Camphill, Queen's Park, Glasgow. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 7 Collection of grains and stalks of wheat and carbonized wood from the south-west corner of supposed store-house in the Roman fort at Castlecary. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 8 Another Collection of the same grain. Lent by A. Turner. 9 Mediaeval Corn, fragments of green-glazed-handled mediaeval pottery, and charred wood, found by the lender in a clay- floored concealed granary, cut out of the solid rock, and measuring 12 ft. x8 ft., and 4^ ft. deep, under the Rough- dyke Road, New Monkland. Lent by A. Turner. Grain, Nuts, and Food-stuffs were ground from very early times till about 200 years B.C. on oval boulders (called "saddle querns"), with a fiat surface, upon which there was rubbed a smaller oval stone. In the course of use tlie top of the lower stone became worn into a concave surface, and the upper stone was worn smooth on its lower surface. Specimens of saddle querns and top^stones are shown on shelf, and 10 A Top Stone is in this case. It is oval in shape, and of the more common type. About 200 years B.C. the rotatory querns came gradually into use, superseding the earlier form. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 11 Another Top Stone, for use with a saddle quern, is a narrow unique specimen from Orkney, which is furnished on its curved back with four ridges to assist the grasp of the hand. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 825 12 Another similar Top Stone, which, being high and narrow, is without ridges. This was found in the south of Scot- land. 13 A Stone of the later rotatory type is shown in this case. It is of special interest, having been found in the Hill Fort at Dunbuie, Dumbartonshire. Perhaps an even more ancient method of bruising grain, nuts, and food-stuffs was by the simple pestle. Two stone pestles, of interest as, perhaps, the only two known specimens with picked-out waist to assist the grasp of the hand, have as usual abraded or polished ends (Nos. 14 and 15). 14 Pestle, 5J ins. long, found at Drumwhindle, Ellon, in 1871. 15 Pestle, 5^ ins. long, found at West Freugh, Dunragit, in 1902. 16 Pestle, 4^ ins. long, not waisted, from Culbin, Morayshire. 17 Pestle, ins. long, got several feet below the surface in Kintore Churchyard. 18-27 Are from localities ranging from Shetland to the extreme south-west of Scotland. They represent, perhaps, the commonest type of stone implement — water-worn stones, rounded at one or both ends by use as bruisers, mullers, or rubbers. Of quite late times are massive stone basins, knockin' stanes," or barley mills, in which moistened heads of barley were husked. Under Case 10 are two of these Husking Pots. 28-29 Husking Pots. Made apparently from early ecclesiastical fragments. From Wigtonshire. Nos. 12 to 29 lent by Ludoyic M'L. Mann. 30 Barley Mill, from Strone. To right of outside of doorway of Prehistoric Gallery. Lent by Mrs. Moubray. CENTRAL FIGURE IN GALLERY. Life-size Statue of a typical man of the late Stone Age, between 3000 B.C. and 2000 B.C. Sculptor, Mr. Alexander Proud- foot. Anatomical data supplied by Professor T, H. Bryce. This typical man was about 5 feet 5 inches in height, his thigh bone was about 17| inches, and his collar bone about 6 inches long. His skull was deep and long, with large eye sockets, and with moderately prominent brow ridges. He had delicate A BRONZE AGE HUT features. While hunting or fighting he was probably scantily attired ; but ordinarily he must have worn good, well-made cloth- ing of wool and linen cloth and leather. He had no knowledge of metals, except perhaps gold. His knives and spear points and other weapons and utensils were of stone, usually flint, finely and symmetrically worked. He constructed immense burial cairns containing a series of chambers made of massive slabs. He was an extremely skilful potter, his pottery excelling in finish any ware made by his descendants up to the time of introduction of wheel-turned pottery at the beginning of this era. He lived in small round or oval mound dwellings, sometimes partly under- ground. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. CASE 12. A BRONZE AGE HUT. Collection of Relics from the floor of a Hut of the Bronze Period, discovered in the Hebrides, consisting, among many other objects, of five different Pottery Vessels, Shells cut into Cups and Slicing Tools, Polishers of stone, Anvil Stones, Hammer Stones, Discoid Chopper-like Stones, two perforated Stone Discs, Flint Fragments. One of the Pottery Vessels is identical with several found in a grave-mound in AViltshire. The type had not previously been recorded from Scotland. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Gold Relics. Three Gold Tones, each made from a band twisted like a corkscrew, found at Urquhart in 1857. Late Bronze Age. No. 2. (Cast) Lent by the Hunterian Museum. No. 3. Lent by The Lady Reay. No. 4. Lent by Mrs. Johnston Stevenson. Two Pairs of Penannular Objects in Gold, with trumpet- shaped ends. Found in Argyllshire (casts). Bronze Age. Lent by His Grace the Duke of Argyll. Hollow Penannular Gold Ring, of triangular section. The outside surface is corrugated. This, the only Scottish specimen, was discovered in S.AV. Scotland. Two other similar objects have been discovered, one in Anglesea, now in fragments in Newcastle Museum, and one in Ireland. Specimens with plain surfaces, but otherwise similar, have been found as follows : One (purchased in 1909 by J. Pierpont Morgan and by him presented to the British Museum) in North of England, one in Wales, five in North and Middle Ireland, and seven in Scotland. No specimen has been recorded from the Continent; of unknown purpose; in use about 4th century b.c. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 827 Objects very similar, chiefly of red porphyry, have been found as Hair Ornaments with Egyptian mummies, locks of hair being pressed through the penannular open- ing and tightly filling the Ring. These Rings, being of very fine workmanship, demonstrate better than do any other relics the very high degree of skill attained by the British prehistoric goldsmith, and the method of manu- facture is fully described in the attached label. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Early Bronze Age Beads. 7 Collection of different types of Scottish Beads of coarse Vitreous Paste of the Early Bronze Age or the Transi- tional Period between the Stone and Bronze Age. Of these Beads, which may have been in vogue during many centuries, only 150 specimens are recorded in the British Isles. They have not been recorded from the Continent. They are of ten different shapes, the most striking being of star shape. Three of the exhibited Beads were obtained in the smallest urn shown in the reconstructed Cairn in Case 20. Two of the other examples were found above the deposits shown in Case 7. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Cremation Burial, with Cup and Bronze Awl. 8 Incense Cup of Pottery, with two small holes and a lid centrally perforated, containing Burned Human Bones, and a Bronze Awl, from Genoch, Ayrshire. Bronze Age. Lent by the Carnegie Public Library, Ayr. Cremation Burial within an Urn. 9 Cinerary Vessel of flower-pot shape, 8f ins. high and 10 ins. in maximum diameter, highly ornamented with string marks, incised lines and impressions of the finger nail. West Scottish. Bronze Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Wood Carver's Box. 10 Oaken Box of a Wood Carver, three sides and the lid bearing " Late Celtic " designs; also the objects found inside it, consisting of bands of leather, tool handles of deer's horn bone and wood, and a smoother of pumice stone, a deer's horn punch, and a bone awl. Found in Orkney. Begin- ning of this era. The blades of the tools have vanished by decay, and were probably of iron, as that substance easily perishes in peat deposits. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. Inhumed Burial, with Strike- a-light. 11 Two Highly-decorated Food Vessels, found in stone-built cists with inhumed burials at Townhead, Stevenston, 828 CREMATION BURIALS Ayrshire. The nodule of ferruginous matter, and flint flakes were got in one of the cists. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Cremation Burial, with Axe. 12 Case, containing Wood Charcoal, with small fragments of Vitrified Stone and Burned Human Bones, found together in a small pit in a cairn in Renfrewshire. In the pit, lying, as shown, on the charcoal and wood, was a perforated Axe-hammer of indurated sandstone. The hammer is of unique shape, and very artistically worked. Bronze Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Cremation Burial, with Flint Implement. 13 Burned Human Bones and Urn of plain black Ware, with square rim (having at rim an inside diameter of about 6f ins.), and a pale-coloured Flint Scraper of thumb-nail shape. Found in June, 1903, in the raised beach gravel in Galloway. Bronze Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Inhumed Burial, with Decorated Slate. 14 " Food Vessel," with somewhat rounded base, 5 ins. in height and 6 ins. in greatest diameter, lavishly decorated, and six pieces of a unique slate object, incised with a net-work design. Found in a cist, with an inhumed Skeleton. Bronze Age. West Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Cremation Burial, with White Pebbles. 15 Plain Bucket-shaped Hand-made Pottery Vessel, 10 ins. in height and 7^ ins. in diameter at mouth, found upright and full of Burned Human Bones, and associated with about 47 white quartz pebbles, some of which are shown. Found by Mr. S. Gordon. West Scottish. Bronze Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Flint Workshop. 16 Collection of Flint Implements, numbering 80, embracing practically every known Scottish type, including a natur- ally perforated flake, trimmed round the perforations as a centre, probably used as a Pendant Ornament or Amulet. Several unworked Flint Pebbles, brought into the workshop as raw material, and Flint Implements subsequently water-rolled and brought into the workshop as raw material. Small Flint Chippings and fire-injured Flints, showing that flints were worked and fire was used on the spot. Also three Flint Implements of the Older Periods, brought into the workshop and re-chipped, Sandstone Rubbers, and Quartz Hammers. The Workshop was situated on a slight ridge in the farm of Culmore. It was observed during farming PREHISTORIC GALLERY 829 work that in one part many flint objects turned up. Careful search resulted in the discovery, over a space of a few square yards, of about 636 chippings and cores of Flint and 80 good specimens of Flint Implements. About 30 other pieces were probably used as Implements, but the secondary work is slight. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Cremation Burial, with Flint Implements. 17 Flint Implements and chippings of Flint, including a fine Scraper and several Calcined Flint Implements and fragments of thin-walled dark porous Pottery, deco- rated ; all found together with a few pieces of burned bones. Bronze Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Unique Transitional Pottery. 18 Round-based String-marked Pottery Vessels, 4 ins. high and about 6 ins. in outside diameter at mouth. Found in sand pit at Inveresk, Midlothian. Lent by J, Plenderleith. 19 A similar Vessel, 1| ins. high and 4 ins. in outside diameter at mouth. Found near Whithorn. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. During the latest phases of the Stone Age, or during the very Early Bronze Age, there was introduced into Britain, by some new immigrant people, a flat-based, string-marked reddish ware, called "Beakers." These tribes found the inhabitants using round-based bowls. The two types of pottery, however, were in vogue together for a considerable time (see Case 7). The two Bowls, items 18 and 19, indicate the combination of the two styles of Pottery, the earlier Bowl ornamented with the decoration of the later " Beaker." Cremation Burial, with Bone Implement. 20 Deposit of Charcoal and Bones from a Burial after Crema- tion, without the usual Cist-structure or Urn, but within a carefully built, pebble-lined Grave, shaped like an inverted cone, and discovered in February, 1903. The top of the structure was about 2^ feet under the surface, and was about 2^ feet in diameter. The depth of the cone was 2 feet. A rounded pear-shaped stone (15 in.x8 in.x7 in.) had been set with its tapering end upwards, and formed part of the walling of the north side. The other stones were water-worn pebbles, all much smaller (averaging about 3 ins. in diameter). Two specimens are shown. At the base of the grave was set a round flattish stone about 5 ins. in diameter. Within the grave, at the foot, was a layer, about 6 ins. deep, of burned bones. Above this was a layer of the same thick- ness of wood charcoal, and above this again was a layer, 830 IMPLEMENTS OF FLINT 9 ins. deep, of burned bone. Among the fragments was a doubly-curved, carefully made Bone Object, about 1^ ins. long, probably a dress fastener. Bronze Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Cremation Burial within Wooden Structure. 21 Complete Beaker-like Vessel, and fragment of another of same type, deposited 12 inches from it, associated with burnt human bones. The vessel was placed on a flooring of oak-bark and encased in a small dome-like hut about 4^ feet in diameter and 3 feet in height. The walls of the structure were of oak-bark in long strips and thin boarding of oak wood. The top was immediately under the surface. The black fragments shown are pieces of the structure carbonised by a slow burning process called eremacausis. The plain vessel also shown was got unassociated, but in the same layer 30 yards distant. Early Bronze Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. CASE 13. 1 Two Implements of Slate, cut into the form of long delicate cylinders, with small heads, each c^dinder being pierced through the whole length of its longer axis. Of unknown use; perhaps unique. Found with prehistoric ob- jects. W. Scotland. 2 Two Flint Scrapers and two long Flint Knives, the handles of which have been restored on the data available from Eskimo analogues and from the surviving handles of flint tools found in the prehistoric dwellings of Switzer- land. The flint blades were found in Scotland. 3 Case of 50 selected Tools of Flint, some very massive. Among them are several "fabricators" or " flakers," supposed to have been used in pressing off flakes from the nodules. Others are oval Knives. 4 Collection of Pointed Flint Tools, chiefly Borers. 5 Collection of selected Flint Tools, many of unique shape. 6 Collection of very massive Round Flint Scrapers; and, for comparison, minute Round Scrapers. 7 Artificial Cone of Flint, produced anciently by a single blow of the hammer stone. Found on the site of a W. Scottish prehistoric workshop. A cone is very rarely produced, the flint being nearly always fractured into flakes, which show " bulbs of per- cussion." 8 Massive Rectangular Knife of Ground Flint. West Scottish. Items 1 to 8 lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 831 CASE 14. 1 Fan-shaped Flint Scraper, attesting by its partial calcina- tion what portion was inserted in a handle. The trimmed edge and adjoining part is much calcined ; but the butt-end is scarcely fire-injured at all, and must have been protected by a hafting during the short time the implement was exposed to severe heat. Probably the implement fell accidentally into a domestic fire. Found December, 1905, on a S.W. Scottish domestic site. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 2 Four doubly curved, carefully trimmed Knives of Flint. A type of greatest rarity. The smallest is serrated. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 3 Stone Implements of material rarely used. (1) Double- pointed Boring Instrument of white quartz ; (2) curve- pointed Tool cut out of brownish yellow clay-stone, W. Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 4 Carefully made doubly-notched Flint Instrument, of un- known use; probably unique. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 5 Scraper and Sharp-pointed Tool, probably an Arrow Point, both of flint ; found with Urn fragments. W. Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 6 Collection of Oval Flint Knives and Pointed Flint Tools. N.E. Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 7 Collection of Diminutive Flint Implements. The implements are of two kinds — small, round, flat stones, not more than one quarter of an inch in greatest width, with carefully trimmed edges ; and narrow pointed tools as small as ordinary steel pins, at times found in pairs, in threes, and in fours, as if parts of a composite object. The latter kind are more pin-like and less rhomboidal than the so-called " Pygmy Flints " of other countries. Specimens from the West of Scotland are in Case 7, item 30a. A minute artificially perforated and ground flint Bead is in Case 31, item 15. The microscopic fineness of the Scottish flint craftsman's work is also illustrated by the delicate serrations on saws in Case 7, item 28, and on arrow points and an unique Scottish hollow scraper, all in Case 3. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 8 Two carefully trimmed Knife-like Tools of Calcedony. S.W. Scottish. Probably Bronze Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 832 IMPLEMENTS OF FLINT 9 Collection of seven massive oval Flint Knives, the whole face on each specimen being trimmed, sometimes with not- able ripple markings. W. Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann, 10 Oval Ground Knife of Flint, from Berwickshire. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 11 Specimens of the Pounded Stone used for mixing with the clay for prehistoric pottery making; washed from a prehistoric pottery fragment found on the site recon- structed in Case 7. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 12 Collection of pieces of Pottery, perforated at the rim and of rare type. Of Bronze Age or Early Iron Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 13 Collection of Implements of Shell, a hollow-based and two leaf-shaped Arrow Points of Flint, and a small stemmed Arrow Point of Quartz — a unique specimen ; all from a Domestic Site in Coll. Of the Late Stone or Early Bronze Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 14 Case, containing Iron Horse Shoe, Mediaeval Pottery, Slate Whorls, Bronze Pins and Sheets, and Rock Crystal Pellet. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 15 Flint Spear-head, partly ground ; found at Loch Goin. The top was broken off and lost after the spear-head was discovered. Lent by John Howie. 16 Flint Spear-head, 4^ in. long; found at Forres. Lent by Trustees of the Forres Museum. 17 Flint Spear-head, 6f in. long; found on Crawfurd Muir. Lent by Thornhill Museum. 18 Two large barbed and stemmed Flint Points and two large leaf-shaped Flint Points; probably Lance or Javelin Heads. Lent by Thos. C. Esson. 19 Four Flint Implements — a ground and polished Flake; a Scraper; a Dagger Blade; a Knife; a naturally per- forated fragment, trimmed into a sharp pointed oval retaining the perforation as a centre, supposed to be a "Fish-Gorge." Lent by J. W. Cursiter. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 833 CASE 15. 1 Case, containing four Whorls (three of lead), Bronze Buckle, Iron and Cannel Coal Fragments, and a Coin of Ethelred and his moneyer, Eardolf, found together. Period about 840 to 850 a.d. West Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 2 Collection of Objects from a site of the Overlap Period be- tween the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age ; 400- 300 B.C. Showing objects of personal decoration and the nature of the metal working carried on. Glass. Seven Ring Beads of Blue Glass. Bronze. Portion of edge and face of a Bronze Axe, splintered off and lost; fire-injured Bronze Awl. Jet. Finger Ring, inner diameter | in. Armlet (frag- mentary), inner diameter about 3 ins. Flint. Rough fractured Fragment, probably used for producing fire. Iron and Bronze. Slag from an early Bloomery or Furnace. Haematite. Fragment. West Scotland. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 3 Fragments of Pottehy, found near Cairn reconstructed in Case 20. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 4 Lance Head of Flint, with thick stem and small barbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 6 Small Case, containing Pitchstone Chippings, Flint Arrow Points, Fragment of Jet and a Paste Bead. Lent by James Neilson. 6 Four small thin Discs of Stone (three naturally water-worn pebbles), from south-west of Scotland, and one (cut into discoid shape) from north-east of Scotland; maximum dimension | in. ; each with a small cup worked in the centre of one face. Of uncertain purpose and period. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 7 Iron Spur, with Rowel, found in Galloway, with its bronze- mounted strap, a small portion of the leather of which survives under the bronze sheeting. The oval ring at one end of the strap and the hook at the other are in good preservation, and show the method of fastening. Mediaeval. West Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 8 Case with Lead Whorl and Bronze Pins, some with large ornamental heads. Mediaeval. West Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 9 Rectangular Stone, with side protuberances and polished groove in base; of unknown use. Probably Mediaeval. From Bourtie. l^^^^ by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 2d 834 ANTIQUITIES OF VARIOUS PERIODS 10 Case with Square Brooch of Iron and Bronze Buckle and Rectangular Ingot or Cake of Silver, with some alloy, weighing nearly 50 grains. Mediaeval. West Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 11 Iron Oval Brooch or Ring, with cross-bar. Probably Early Iron Age. West Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 12, 13 Two Collections of 34 large Pointed Tools of Flint. S.W. Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. CASE 16. Collection of Miscellaneous Antiquities of various periods, cliiefly obtained from sandy areas, hill forts, 'crannogs, caves and peat mosses in West of Scotland. Lent by John Smith. 1 Finger and Thumb Hammer-stone. 2 Finger and Thumb Hammer-stone. 3 Finger and Thumb Hammer-stone. 4 Hammer-stone, worked all rouufl. 5 Hammer-stone, with three sharp rirlges. 6 Hammer-stone, with oblique ridge and cross ridge, 7 Hammer-stone, slightly used. 8 Hammer-stone, much used at one end. 9 Hammer-stone, much used at both ends. 10 Hammer-stone, with faint oblique ridges at both ends. 1 1 Hammer-stone, ridged at one end, ])ointed at the other. 12 Hammer-stone of flint. 13 Hammer-stone, used at both ends. 14 Hammer-stone, oblique ridge at one end, and longitudinal ridge at the other. 15 Hammer-stone, with curved ridges at both ends. 16 Hammer stone, with curved ridge at one end, and pointed at the other. 17 Slickstone. 18 Chert Axe-head. 19 Club from a Burial Cist, Stevenston, PREHISTORIC GALLERY 835 20 Perforated fragment of Gas Coal. 21 Whetstone. 22 Stone, used possibly for polishing bow-string. 23 Perforated Pebble. 24 Perforated Stone. 25 Polished Stone Mirror, flat on one side, and concave on the other. 26 Part of Small Upper Millstone. 27 Part of Small Upper Millstone, with feeding and handle holes. 28 Stone Knife, with hole for suspension. 29 Borer or Widener of Chert. 30 Gas Coal Ring. 31 Mediaeval Pottery fragment, with mark of finger, showing texture of skin. 32 Yellow paste Slag for making beads. 33 Part of an Ingot of Iron : complete when found. 34 Fragment of Red Samian Ware, taken from a stone-built grave in an Ayrshire Hill Fort. As many pieces were got as completed the dish. 35 Trimmed Bone. 36 Cawk (Calc), or Whitening Material, from an Ayrshire Hill Fort. 37 Bone Chisel. 38 Bone Spoon. 39 Bone Article. 40 Socketed Spear-heau of iron. 41 Short Socketed Spear-heau. 42 Tanged Spear-head of iron, showing traces of wood and string. 43 Spoon from a grave in an Ayrshire abbey. 44 Spicket of the beer barrel of an Ayrshire abbey. 45 Winged and Socketed Spear-head of bronze, from an Ayrshire mote. 46 Half of a AVooden Shoe, from a Wigtonsliire cave. 47 Enamelled Whale Brooch. 48 Stone Axe-head got in Arran. 836 ANTIQUITIES OF VARIOUS PERIODS 49 Perforated Axe-hammer. 50 Perforated Axe-hammer. 51 Stone Axe-head, from an Ayrshire mound. 52 Stone, with honr-gla?s perforation. 53 Spindle W horl of glazed pottery. 54 Polished Article. 55 Flint Implement, got on Mallvera Granite Hill, Arran. 56 Blocked-out Gas Coal Fragment, probably a bead unfinished. 57 Trimmed Bit of Pumice Stone. 58 Hollow Scraper, taken by Mr. Smith from a sand pit 10 feet from the surface in Ayrshire. 59 Chert implement. 60 Jumper-edged Stone Object, from a shell mound in Oronsay. 61 Ornamented Stone Bead. 62 Part of a Blue Melon Bead. 63 Oil-shale Bead. 64 Pale Yellow Bead. 65 L^" ~'ht Yellow Beads. 66 Amt Bead found in peat, Ayrshire. Beside it was a lai ge bone. 67 Ornamented Glass, from an Ayrshire Hill Fort. 68 Fragment of the Fireclay Twyere of an iron bloomery, Tents Moor. 69 Slag, with impression of an iron bar used in working an iron bloomery. 70 From the Vitrified Wall, Kildoon Hill Fort, Ayrshire. 71 Stag's Horn implement. Notched Bone, perhaps an implement half-made. 73 Bone implement. 74 Bone implement. 75 Bone implement. 76 Bone awl. 77 Notched Bone. 78 Part of a Human Skull, from Ardrossan Shell Mound. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 837 79 Trochiis Lineatus Shells, from the Ardrossan Shell Mound. 80 Boar's Tusk, from a cave. 81 Gnawed Bone of a young pig, from a cave. 82 Left Lower Jaw of an old Beaver, from an Ayrshire cave. 83 Jaw, from an Ayrshire cave. 84 Radius of the Slender Sheep, from an Ayrshire cave where bones of it were frequent. This sheep is now extinct on the mainland of Scotland. 85 Bronze Spiral Ring, from a cave. 86 Bronze Buckle with side handle. 87 Zoned Bullet. 88 Wooden Tally-pin, marked " N," from Troon China Clay Mine. (This mine was discovered in 1897 when the New Dock was being excavated.) 89 Stag's Horn Pick. 90 Cake or Ingot of Glass. 91 Bronze article. 92 Part of a Human Jaw, from the Ardrossan Shell Mound. 93 Part of a Human Jaw, from the Ardrossan Shell Mound. 94 Part of a Human Bone, from the Ardrossan Shell Mound. 95 Oval Quartzite Pebble, with oblique line, used probably as point sharpener, from an Ayrshire Hill Fort. CASE 17. Case showing restoration (the actual objects being in their original position) of a Cremated Burial in a horizontally placed Urn, with a Kit of Tools of Flint and Pitch-stone. [A plain bucket-shaped pottery vessel was recently found deposited in a round pit 2^ ft. deep by 2 ft. in diameter, sunk in the sand and gravel of the 25 ft. raised beach in Wigtonshire. The vessel was laid carefully on its side (a most unusual position), the mouth pointing eastwards, and a water-worn flattisli stone was placed vertically close up against the mouth. Immediately underneath the vessel was a stone cut artificially into the shape and size of a bullock's tongue. Decayed burnt bones were in the vessel, which was of thin-walled ware of porous texture. The cover-stone was slightly abraded by rubbing on one face which was placed outside. Very near ancl about the stone were deposited, each about 1^ in. apart, three flint flakes each iPOTTERY pointing towards the centre of the stone. The largest flints (which were over 3 in. long and carefully trimmed on some parts of the edge) were placed in the centre. The pit contained pieces of wood charcoal, and nine other flint flakes, nearly all with part of their edges minutely and finely trimmed, and made from nodides of dark flint. There was also found with them a small boring instrument made of pitch-stone, flat and triangular, one edge and part of one face being finely trinniied, and the opposite side and edge being also worked, and a fire-injured flint arrow-point. Pitch-stone implements are of great rarity. The tools comprising this kit seem to be of a special type. Within a few feet of the pit were other similar pits with similar pottery but in fragments, chiefly rim and wall pieces, all decorated lavishly with delicately incised and beaded ornamentation. The deposits belong to the Bronze Age and probably to an early phase of that period. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. CASE 18. 8 Collection of about 100 pieces of reddish thin-walled Pottery, ornamented by impressions of strings, shells, finger nails, comb-like Stamps, and the ends of reeds. From a Domestic Site in Coll. Of the Late Stone or Early Bronze Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 9 Collection of Prehistoric Pottery, illustrating some typical modes of decorating and stamping the ware before firing. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 10 Collection of Whetstones. Lent by Tom Scott. 11 Circular Lids of unbaked clay, from 1 to 2 ins. thick, which sealed some of the funeral vessels contained in Case 20. On the under side may be seen fragments of the cremated bones adhering to the clay. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 12 Fragments of thin Gold Plating, found with three Beads (in Case 12, item 1) in the smallest Urn in the Cairn reconstructed in Case 20. Bronze Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 13 Case containing Bone Ring and two Bronze or Copper Armlets. Probably Early Mediaeval. MASSIVE PERFORATED STONE AXE-HEADS. 14 From Hilton. Lent by Hunterian Museum. 15 From Inverkip. Lent by Greenock Museum. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 839 16 From Craigie, Blairgowrie. Lent by J as. Edward Cree. 17 Lent by Grierson Museum, Thornhill. 18 From Berwickshire. Lent by A, Henderson Bishop. 19 Found near Duns Castle. Lent by Duns Working Men's Institute. [Six specimens lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann are in Case 33, and two by John Smith in Case 16, items 49 and 50.] These were probably used for ordinary domestic or utilitarian purposes during the Early Iron Age. They are less rare in Scotland than in other parts of the British Isles. The hole tapers, in most cases, from each face towards the interior — an indication of prehistoric work- manship. They have not apparently been found in graves. As a rule, these large Hammers are less carefully finished, and are perhaps less ancient than the smaller perforated Axe-hammers, which were, it is surmised, used ceremoniously or on parade, or in warfare, and upon many of which immense skill and labour have been expended. CASE 19. 1 Seven Objects, some perforated, and one a spherical Bead, with incised design, probably Early Mediaeval, carved out of a light pink, fine-grained volcanic ash (phyllite) — a very rare substance. Found with a fine bronze square Plate, with rivets and pins at each corner ; and with the Bronze Padlock here shown. West Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 2 Leather Shoe or Brogue, from the Hill Fort, south end of Loch Brora. Found in August, 1881. Lent by His Grace the Duke of Sutherland. 3 Case, containing small discoid Quartz Pebble and two Beads of Blue glass. Got near Whithorn Abbey when trenching. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 4 Case containing Bronze Needle. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 5 Five White Quartz Pebbles, worn flat and smooth at one end in some polishing process. Border counties. Lent by Tom Scott. 6 Iron Savord, still in its Sheath of iron. Found in Coll. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 7 Nine Boxes, containing Potcery Fragments, Flint and Bone Implements, and an Axe-like Implement of stone, 840 MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS worked from both sides into cutting edge. From a domestic site. Of the Late Stone or Early Bronze Age. Discovered in 1907 at North Berwick. Lent by James Edward Cree. 8 Box of Flints, from the collection of the late Mr. Sturrock, Dundee : (1) Borer of flint, re-trimmed at a later period, the only re-trimmed flint recognised (and that only recently) from North-east Scotland ; (2) Water-rolled Flint, probably an implement ; (3 and 4) doubly serrated Saw, and Saw with undulating edge. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 9 Twenty Pebbles of Quartzite or other hard Stone, discoid or more often ovoid, perforated in the centre through the shorter axis, the hole tapering from each face towards the interior ; of unknown use, but some probably em- ployed as hammer-heads, as abrasions occur on some specimens. Many are not perforated, but have a cup on each face. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 10 Five cases of Flint Tools and Arrow Points, and Objects of Bone, Glass, and Mixed Metal. Lent by Theodore Sturrock. 11 Anvil Stone, from the Clyde. Lent by J. Orr. 12 Scraper, from Cave in TJig, Skye. Lent by Jas. Ed. Cree. 13 Horse Hair Twisters of Bronze, each made of a delicate long tapering hollow cylinder of bronze, sometimes divided by a walling in the interior into two tubes, and sometimes containing an inner tube. A thread made of intertwisted filaments of horse hair was the basis of fine knitted and tasselled garments in prehistoric times, but only one specimen in good condition of such clothing is known to survive. Fishing and other lines were also doubtless made, of intertwisted hairs of the horse and other animals. Of interest in this connection are two unique small hollow Stone Cylinders, got in a settlement of probably Neolithic times (in Case 13). Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. CASE 20. Case showing a section through the shorter axis of a small burial cairn found in Ayrshire, showing, as they were dis- covered, the actual relics, seventeen cremation vases, some inverted, some upright, and containing human burned bones ; all embedded in the original sand and gravel, with many white quartz pebbles. Early Bronze Age. (See Proc. of Scot. Antiq. Soc.) Reconstructed by A. Henderson Bishop and Colin MacCrone. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 841 CASE 21. 1 Iron Sword, with bronze hilt, 20| in. long, of very rare type. This is apparently the only known specimen in which any part of the blade survives. Two or three hilts are known. The blade (15^ in. long, but with tip broken away), is of iron, with single cutting edge and grooved along thicker edge, and tanged up to the exterior of the pommel into the hilt, which is 4| in. long, and of bronze cast hollow and finely perforated. The whole surface of the hilt bears design in relief in somewhat foliageous style, and terminates in a one-sided pommel in form of a lion's or dog's head. From Whithorn district. Per- haps about 1600 A.D. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 2 Relics of the late 14th century a.d., found together, con- sisting of Pottery, diamond-headed Iron Rivets, large and small Iron Fish Hooks, Iron Knives, Bronze or Mixed Metal Sheeting, Needles and Buckles, Coins, and Hematite. W. Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 3 Whistle, with six Ventages of bronze or mixed metal ; found on floor of Mediaeval Structure at Tusculum, North Berwick, in 1907, Lent by Jas, Ed. Cree. 4 Iron Finger Ring, bronze tweezers, needles and pins. Mediaeval. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 5 Iron OnjECT, somewhat like a tuning-fork, with closed ends, f in. broad at widest part, with longitudinal slot; one of nine known specimens. Eight identical Iron Imple- ments were found at Dunadd Hill Fort, Argyllshire. Early Mediaeval. S.-West Scottish. Purpose unknown. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 6 Pumice Stone, with deep corrugations made by its use as a point-sharpener, and a pointed Bone Tool got with it. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 7 Three Perforated Objects of reddish baked clay. (1) Found in May, 1903, on Auchleach Farm, Stoneykirk, 18 in. under the surface in trenching ; (2 and 3) found almost together at Culreoch, Whithorn^ in January, 1904. Lent by Ludovic M 'L. Mann. 8 Green Glazed Tile, found near Tillietudlem Castle. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 9 Three Stone Objects, from the Clyde at Glasgow. (1) Quart- zite Polisher ; (2 and 3) Flattish Oval Sinkers. Lent by J. Orr. 842 MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS 10 Two Pear-shaped Stones, each with perforation at narrow end, perhaps sinkers. One from Kilmaluaig, Tiree, and the other from Auchnagatt. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 11 Two long fiattish oval grooved Sandstone Sinkers. Lent by J. W. Cursitek. 12 Two short fiattish oval Sandstone Sinkers, with transverse longitudinal grooves; from Buchan. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 13 Small Pear-shaped Object of Lead, Avith truncated butt and perforation at the narrow end ; from Kilmaluaig, Tiree ; a sinker. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 14 Two Oval Water-rolled Stones, each with a perforation at pointed end ; perhaps sinkers. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 15 Perforated AVater-rolled Oval Stone, twisted iron band still attached to the perforation; a sinker; from Buchan. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 16 Implement of Sperm Whale Tooth, perforated at each end, from Orkney. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 17 Oval Water-rolled Stone, abraded at portion of each side as if for attachment of thong; perhaps a sinker. Lent by A. Sim. 18 Stone Pivot, from Tolcjuhon. Lent by Mrs. Duguid. 19 Hammer Stone, with finger and thumb indentations. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 20 Water-rolled Red Sandstone Peeble, abraded at one end as if used as a drill or borer. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 21 Balista Ball (pelota) of sandstone, of Hattish oval form : minimum and maximum dimensions, 4 and 5 inches; found in digging foundations of house at Stirling. About 1350 a.d. Lent by George Neilson. 22 Hammer Stone, from Tiree; Fiattish Disc, from Culbin Sands; Quartz Hammer Stone, from No. 3 Hill Fort, Beattock. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 23 Relics from a Site inhabited during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, consisting of, among other objects, Spinning Whorls, Coloured and Glazed Pottery Fragments, Glass Bottles, Iron Rivets, Buttons of Metal, Glass Beads, Pins and Sheeting of Mixed Metal, Shoe and other PREHISTORIC GALLERY 843 Buckles, Tobacco Pipes, Window Glass, Padlock, Coins, and Eye-glasses mended with woollen thread. W. Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 24 Schistose Stone, in form of an axe-head in a shaft, that part resembling an axe-head having a ground cutting face and a sharp-pointed butt end, also ground; from Orkney. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 25 Small Case containing, among other objects, 2 Whetstones, 2 Flint Arrow Points, and 4 Flint Tools. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 26 Two Small Discs of baked stone, from W. Burrafirth. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 27 Stone Disc, centrally perforated, from Brae Holm, Papa Stour. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. CASES 22 and 23. STONE AXE-HEADS. Stone Axe-heads, imperforate ; in addition to the special illustrative series in Case 33, and the series from one district in Case 37. These were in use from very early times until the beginning of the Early Iron Age. 1-22 Twenty-one Stone Axe-heads. Nos. 19 and 21 were found in a mound in Westray, Orkney, with an inhumed adult burial, the skull (item No. 20) of which is shown. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. Six Flint Axe-heads, viz. : Lent by Elgin Museum. 23 Found at Hillhead, Chapel of Garioch, in 1882. Lent by Thos. C. Esson. 24 From Tibbermuir. Lent by Hunterian Museum. 25 Polished, with concave sides. Tjent by Mrs. J. Ritchie Brown. 26 With concave sides. Lent by J. Gross art. 27 Polished, with concave sides. Lent by 28 Axe-heads not of Flint. Lent by J. R. Moreton Macdon.\ld. 844 STONE AXE-HEADS 29, 30 Two, found at Pitsligo. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 31 From Muirtown, Barra. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 32 From Mull. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 33 Lent by Sir Basil T. Graham Montgomery. 34 Found in August, 1889, on Isle of Eigg on road crossing the island. Lent by Rev. J. E. Somerville. 35 Found at Crieff. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 36 From Bourtie. Lent by Mrs. Duguid. 37 Three Specimens. Lent by Dudhope Park Museum. 38 Found on Braehead Farm, Kilsyth, 2 feet below present surface. Lent by Hunterian Museum. 39 Found at Giffnock, Pollokshaws, 9 feet under the surface, 1860. Lent by Hunterian Museum. 40 Lent by the Duke of Atholl. 41 Found on Cunglass, Inverurie. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 42 Found at Ecclestofts, Berwickshire, in 1909. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 43 From Newtown, Balquhin, Chaple, 1896. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 44 Lent by W. S. Smith. 45 Lent by Major-General Kinloch. 46 Hole tapering from both faces through the butt end ; found at Altonley, Slains, Aberdeenshire, in 1890. Lent by Thomas C. Esson. 47 Found at Mill Bowie, Skene, 1887. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 48 From Hillhead, Bourtie. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 49 Found near Tay mouth Castle. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop, PREHISTORIC GALLERY 845 50 Found in the Tummel, near Tummel Bridge, 1890. Lent by Duke of Atholl. 51 Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 52 From Bourtie, Aberdeenshire. Lent by Mrs, Duguid. 53 Two Specimens. Lent by H. Brown. 54 Lent by The Museum, Campbeltown. 55 Found at Sunnybrae, Bourtie. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 56 From Muirtown, Barra. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 57 From Newmill, Leithall. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 58 From Guthrie, Bridg>nd, Perth. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 59 From Muirtown, Barra. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 60 Found on Carpenter's Croft, Bourtie. Lent by Mrs. Duguid. 61 Lent by Donald M'Kenzie. 62 Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 63 Axe-head, from Townhead, Rothesay, with bones found near. Lent by William Lyle. 64 Two Stone Axe-heads, found near Greenlaw, Berwickshire. Lent by Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh. 65 Axe-head, 3f in. long, of bluish grey stone (shown with leaf-shaped Arrow Point of flint). Lent by Tom Bishop. 66 se-head, much battered and with finger and thumb holes; used later as hammer stone ; from Skene. Lent by P. W. Henderson. 67 Small Felstone Axe-head, from Fogrigarth, Aithsting. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 846 SMALL PERFORATED AXE-HAMMERS CASE 24. SMALL PERFORATED AXE-HAMMERS. These were in use during the late Stone Age and during the Bronze Age. Some are so beautifully sculptured and of such highly ornamental stone that it is probable they were used in war, ceremonies, or in parade, and were not for common use. 1 Stone Hammer, found at Muirtown, Barra. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 2 Axe-head of grey schistose stone, found at Swordle, Storno- way. Lent by J. N. Anderson. 3 Found in Orkney. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 4 Lent by T. W. Dewar. 5 From Orkney. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 6 A Fragment, from Ophir, Orkney. Lent by Dr. W. Irvine Fortescue. 7 Found near Ardrossan. Lent by J. R. Brown. 8 Found at Tarland. Lent by Thos. Esson. 9 Lent by Robert Lauder. 10 Found in parish of Creicli. Lent by D. M'Kenzie. 11 Found near Doune. Lent by John E. Shearer. 12 Lent by Campbeltown Free Library Trustees, per D. M'Kinlay. 13 Found in Whitehill, Rafford. Lent by Forres Museum. [See also Special Exhibit of small Perforated Axe- hammer found at a burial after cremation, Case 12, Case 37, and Case 23, where several specimens are shown illustrating Stone Axe Work.] 14 Three Penannular slightly Oval Necklets of Bronze. To each terminal a small ring is attached. The outside diameters measure respectively 6| ins., 6^% ins., and 7^ PREHISTORIC GALLERY 847 ins. To the first is attached 19 rings on the outside and equidistantly. Three pairs of small, plain, oval penannular Armlets of Bronze, in two of which pairs the extremities are slightly thickened ; found in 1866 during construction of a road between Haddo House and the Braes of Giglit ; Late Bronze Age. Lent by Lord Aberdeen. 15 Pair of Plain Bracelets of Bronze, slightly oval in section, the outside diameter in each case varying from 3 ins. to 3^ ins., found in 1827, 5 feet below the surface near a-n Earth House on the line of dyke behind Uppat, Golspie. Lent by the Duke of Sutherland. 16 Pair of finely patinated. Plain Circular Bracelets of Bronze, semi-circular in section, one varying in outside diameter from 3 ins. to 3-^^g- ins., the other from 2\§ ins. to 3 ins. Lent by Sir Basil T. Graham Montgomery. 17 Thirty-two Point-sharpeners and Strikers (the specimen of reddish quartzite dating from the middle of the ninth century a.d. having been got with datable relics, has a groove set obliquely to the longer axis of the pebble, and was probably used for striking fire) and whetstones of various shapes and sizes, some perforated for suspen- sion ; and usually rectangular. Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, and Mediaeval. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 18 Hoard of Bronze Implements and Objects found at Skibo, Sutherlandshire, of the Early Bronze Age, consisting of two flat Bronze Axes, three pairs of plain solid Rings V or Armlets of Bronze, a pair of oval ornamented Armlets, a portion of another, a Necklace of about forty tubular Beads of thin bronze, one, or, probably, two Ear Pen- dants, portions more or less complete, of four (or possibly five), conical hollow Bosses of bronze, and six Buttons of Jet of conical form each pierced obliquely by 2 holes meeting in the interior. Lent by Andrew Carnegie, LL.D. 19 Socketed Bronze Knife from Aberdeenshire, fixed on a card Avhich gives full description and diagrams. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 20 Socketed Bronze Knife, 7^ ins. long Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 21 Small Narrow Dagger Blade of Bronze, 4| ins., the butt pierced by four circular rivet holes which form the four corners of a square. Lent by Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 22 Hoard of Bronze Objects found at Horsehope, Peeblesshire, in 1864, consisting of 33 objects, one of which is a socketed and looped axe-head ; Late Bronze Age. Lent by Chambers Institute, 848 SPEAR-HEADS OR LANCE-HEADS CASE 25. Thirty-one Spear-heads or Lance-heads of Cast Bronze, ALL Socketed. Late Bronze Age. Unless where mentioned, each specimen has two rivet holes in the socket for the insertion of a rivet transversely placed to secure the wooden shaft. The rivets were probably all of very hard wood, as scarcely ever has a metal rivet been recovered in association with a bronze spear or lance-head. A wooden rivet would allow more easily the replacing of a new shaft when the old shaft got broken, as would probably often happen. Some shafts were about 8 feet long. One of oak, 7^ feet long, was found, with its bronze head, in a peat moss in Kintyre. Where loops occur, no rivet holes are present unless mentioned. 1 Length 7| in., very defective, leaf -shaped ; found near "Warrior's Grave," Southfield. Lent by Hawick Museum. 2 Leaf-shaped, butt-end awanting; 8| in. Lent by Dr. Alex. Carmichael. 3 8| in. ; mid-rib of rectangular section where it adjoins the blade, which has an ogival outline; partly coated with vivianite ; ancient wood fragment within socket. (Sir John Clerk Collection.) Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 4 Length 9f\ ins. ; leaf-shaped, with marginal beading. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 5 12f ins. ; leaf-shaped. The rivet holes are placed very near the junction of blade and mid rib, being ^ in. distant. Lent by the Duke of Argyll. 6 Leaf- shaped, 4/g in. ; fragment of tip broken away ; socket contains concreted marl and gravel; found at Campbel- town. Lent by the Duke of Argyll. 7 12| in. ; leaf-shaped ; marginal beading. Lent by the Duke of Argyll. 8 Length IS^^g in.; narrow leaf-shaped; beautifully pati- nated ; marginal bevel ; a beading down centre of each face of blade, and extending beyond blade at butt-end and terminating at rivet holes; found in Perthshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 9 Length 19 in.; about 1 in. of tip wanting; blade expands very much at butt-end ; a small slit at each side of mid rib, and one inch from foot thereof, apparently to assist attachment of head, as there are no rivet holes; the PREHISTORIC GALLERY 849 slits protected by projections parallel to blade and rising from it ; found at Duffus, Morayshire. Lent by Elgin Museum. 10 in. ; narrow leaf-shaped ; ribbing down centre of each side of blade, and continued beyond blade to form loops; found under 6^ feet of peat at Kirtomy Moss, Strath- alladale. Lent by Duke of Sutherland. 11 Length 5 in., but probably about 5^ in. originally; blade very narrow at top, but much expanded at foot, with loops; found at Crossmichael. Lent by Grierson Museum, Thornhill. 12 Length 7^1 in. ; leaf-shaped ; butt-end decorated with five ridges. Lent by Elliot M'Kirdy. 13 6| ins.; blade bent (perhaps accidentally), of pointed leaf- shape ; with flattened loops. Lent by J. W. Stewart. 14 6j^g in. ; leaf-shaped blade, cut away symmetrically at the lower end ; heavy ribbing on each side of the mid rib, converging more rapidly than the edges of the blade ; flattened loops, the centre missing ; minute rivet holes immediately at foot of blade, probably drilled on failure of the loops; found near Campbeltown. Lent by Duke of Argyll. 15 Length 4| in., originally about 5^ in., as tip is missing; mid rib (at blade portion) with central ridge giving a cruciform section ; loops not bridged. (Rae Collec- tion.) Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 16 6| in.; leaf-shaped; mid rib at blade ridged; flattened lozenge-shaped loops; found four feet below surface at AValkersdale peat banks, Rosehall, Sutherland. Lent by W. Ewing Gilmour. 17 Only 2y% ins. long ; leaf-shaped. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 18 Length 5J in. ; leaf-shaped ; longish oval flattened loops. Lent by Museum Association, Kirkcudbright. 19 Length 4| in. ; leaf-shaped ; looped. Lent by Museum Association, Kirkcudbright. 20 Length 5^^ in. ; the leaf-shaped blade very small (2| in.) compared with the length of the whole object; large longish oval loops, flattened; found on a moss. New Pitsligo, Aberdeenshire, in 1885. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 850 SPEAR-HEADS OR LANCE-HEADS 21 Length 5fg in. ; leaf-shaped ; half of blade wanting. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 22 7| in.; narrow leaf-shaped; loops; cut out transverse line decorating butt-end; found Feb., 1899, on Rutherford Farm, Roxburghshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 23 Length 10| in ; very narrow blade ; on mid rib over blade portion is a pronounced ridge on each face, with abrupt termination at foot; loops, lozenge-shaped and flat, coalescing with foot of blade. Lent by Greenock Museum. 24 IQijl in.; edge of blade slightly ogival, but is cut away rapidly as it approaches the base ; ribbing on mid rib ; projecting ribs on the flat portion of the blade ; loops large, flat, and lozenge-shaped. Lent by J. W. Cuesiter. 25 Length 7| in. ; leaf-shaped, but edge curves inwards sharply at base ; ribbing on upper part of mid rib, and on flat portion of blade parallel to edges ; loops broken ; trans- verse broad bands of staining over socket near base of blade, probably caused by the attachment of thongs, there being no rivets ; found near Carnwath, Lanark- shire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 26 4^ in. ; looped ; with projecting ribbing on flat part of blade ; found at Craigsford Mains, Earlston. Lent by Tom Scott, R.S.A. 27 Case with five specimens, viz. : 4]-^ in. ; narrow leaf-shaped ; butt-end wanting ; found at Synton, Parkhead, Ashkirk. Lent by Tom Scott. 6| in.; narrow leaf-shaped; blade portion unusually short (3^ in.) in proportion to whole length; loops; found under three feet of moss and one foot of gravel at Mount Bog, Castle Craig, Peeblesshire. Lent by Tom Scott. Length 4| in.; narrow blade; three sets of transverse incised lines at butt-end; found in Teviot, at Weenis- land, Hawick. Lent by Tom Scott. Length 3^ in. ; two fragments of a tip ; found at Easter Wooden, Kelso. Lent by Tom Scott. 28 Blade, originally about 6 in. long; found near Dunragit. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 851 One of the earliest types of British Bronze Implement is the Flat Dagger of Bronze, of which a specially fine specimen is No. 36. A little later chronologically are the Bronze Halbert Blades, large heavy blades which were probably riveted in a long handle at right angles to the blade. 29 Portion of a thin triangular Blade of Bronze, 4 inches long; probably a Dagger ; found in a Cairn at Bochairn Moor, Baldernock Parish, before July, 1816. Lent by Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow. 30 Portion of a thickish Blade of Bronze, probably a triangular dagger blade; found near Knockdoon, Wigtonshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 31 Small Thin Halbert or triangular Dagger Blade of Bronze, 7| ins. ; with marginal fluting and four rivet holes ; in one of which still remains a bronze rivet ins. long ; found in Orkney. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 32 Halbert Blade, slightly curved, with pronounced mid-rib with large beading on each side, 9^ ins. ; with two rivet holes and traces of staining where a handle has joined the blade ; bought in Glasgow. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 33 Halbert Blade with large Farm, Peeblesshire in attached to this blade, central mid-rib, found at Linn 1887. An iron tang has been probably in recent times. Lent by Peebles Museum. 34 Halbert Blade, 10| ins. long, with heavy central mid-rib, point wanting, but original length probably 11^ ins., probably originally pierced for 7 rivets. Lent by Duke of Sutherland. 35 Fragment of Blade of Bronze Halbert with heavy central mid-rib. Nos. 34 and 35 were found together in a gravel pit at Baill-na-Coille, Strath Brora, Sutherlandshire. Lent by Duke of Sutherland. 36 Portion of a Dagger (or possibly a Spear-Head), 7| ins. long, consisting of a thin, pointed blade of Bronze inserted in an ox horn Haft affixed by three bronze Rivets through the butt of the blade. The Pommel (or Shaft) has been lost and was attached by wooden rivets which are still in position; found in 1908 at Warbister, Orkney. Early Bronze Age. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 852 SCOTTISH AXE-HEADS CASE 26. SERIES OF SCOTTISH AXE-HEADS TO ILLUSTRATE THE EVOLUTION OF THE AXE-HEAD FROM STONE TO COPPER, COPPER TO BRONZE, AND BRONZE TO IRON; 1500 b.c. to 300 b.c. A. Stone Axe-heads, imperforate and of considerable thickness. 1 5^ in. X lif in., with bulging faces; found at Balgarry, Glenluce, in 1904. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Thin Stone Axe-heads are rarer, being more easily broken. Of this class specimens are shown, viz. : 2 Stone Axe-head ; 4iin.x2|in. ; flat, resembling the earliest type of bronze axe ; found on a farm of Ardlin, Savoch, Aberdeenshire, in 1891. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. B. Metal Axe-heads. These were at first copies of the stone prototype, but the artificers soon found that metal blades might be made thinner. The earliest metallic blades were of copper, cast in open moulds and hardened at the cutting edge by hammering, but these were superseded on the introduction of the harder material, bronze, an alloy of copper and tin. Succession of Types. Type I. — Flat Blades only slightly expanded at the cutting face, some prohahly of copper, hut it is difficult to ascer- tain the composition without analysis. 3 6 in.x2| in. Lent by Elgin Museum. 4 4fx2f in.; found at ''Ancient Camp." (Sturrock Collec- tion.) Lent by Dudhope Park Museum. 5 in. x 2i in. Found at Kilmacolm. (A Cast, the original beingln the British Museum.) Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 6 5f in. X 3yV in. ; found at Minchall in 1830. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 7 5 in.x2-^ in. ; flat Bronze Axe. Lent by Elgin Museum. 8 3|in.xlfin.; from Aberdeenshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 9 D^Q in. x 3^ in. Bronze Axe, Aberdeenshire ; found in 1862. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 10 5| in. x3j^g- in. Bronze Axe. Lent by W. MoiR Bryce. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 853 11 3| in. x5^f in. An oblique mark on one face shows the con- tour of a chisel head, which probably was deposited with the axe-head. Lent by Dudhope Park Museum. 12 5in.x2iin. Found at Melrose in 1865. Lent by Tom Scott. 13 4fin.x2iin. Flat Bronze Celt. Lent by Dundee Pakk Museum. 14 Originally about 5 in., now 4| in.x2^ in.; from Greenhill, Selkirk. Lent by Tom Scott. 15 5f in.x3| in. Bronze Axe-head. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 16 5f in.x2^ in. Bronze Axe. Lent by John Yeats. 17 4| in.x2| in. Flat Axe, cutting edge rather broken. 18 51 in. X 31 in. Flat Axe. 19 5^ in.x3i in. Flat Axe. 20 3| in. X ^ in. Chisel of bronze. 21 4in.xl|in. Chisel of bronze. Nos. 17 to 21 found together at Maidens, Ayrshire. Lent by the Marquis of Ailsa. Type II. — Flat Blades, hut with considerahle fan-shaped expansion of the face. 22 6J in. X 3}^ in. Found at Kintore, Aberdeenshire. (Rae Collection.) Lent by W. Moir Brtcb. 23 5| in.x3^ in. Found at Drumdoch, Inch, Wigtonshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 24 7 in.x5i in., with sides bevelled. Found on a farm of Boreland, Inch, Wigtonshire. Lent by the Earl of Stair. 25 6| in. (probably originally 7 in.)x4| in. Found on the farm of Boreland, parish of Inch, Wigtonshire. Lent by the Earl or Stair. (24 and 25 are almost identical, and very probably were cast from the same mould.) 26 3|in.x2|in. Found at Birss. The butt-end truncated and ground to a sharp, almost straight, cutting edge. (Rae Collection.) Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 27 5| in.x3jJg in. Found at Dnnnottar in 1848, with ground edge at butt. Lent by the Montrose Museum. 854 SCOTTISH AXE-HKADS Type III. — Specimens in Stone simulating the Flat Bronze Axe, with expanded cutting face; probably copied in the cheaper material from the metal prototype, but made thicker, as stone was more easily fractured than metal. This is an extremely rare and interesting type. 28 in. X 2]^^- in. Found in 1894 at Walston, Peeblesshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 29 9iin.x4fin. Found at Parkliouse, Old Deer, in 1871. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Type IV. — Flat Axe-head, with a transverse stop-ridge, to assist in keeping the handle in position. 30 8f in.xSh in. Found at Knockdon Hill, Daljig, Ayrshire. Lent by I vie Campbell. Type V. — Sides slightly turned up or flanged, to assist in securing the blade in the ho'ft. 31 5| in.x2^ in. With very slight flanging. Lent by W. Mom Bryce. 32 4| in.x2|. With very slight flanging or projecting ledge along part of each side of the face. Found at Stra- cathro. Lent by the Montrose Museum. Type VI. — Showing development of Flange. 33 3j\in.xliin. A developed flange. Lent by Arbroath Museum. 34 4^ in. Flanged with slightly hollowed out butt-end. Found at St. Mary's Loch. Lent by Hawick Museum. 35 in. Flanged Axe, and faces capering to each end. Lent by Elgin Museum. 36 51 in. Bronze Axe, flanges and faces tapering to each end. Found at Braes of Doune, Perthshire. Lent by John E. Shearer. 37 5| in. Flanges deep and lozenge-shaped; slight stop-ridge. Lent by Peterhead Museum. 38 5| in. With flanged sides of lozenge form, and faces of blade tapering to each end. Found " in a Cairn " near Balkemie, Leochel Cushnie, in 1901. Lent by Tnos. C. Esson. 39 4f in. Flanged. Found in 1884 at Fillaws, Monikie. (Sturrock Collection.) Lent by Dudhope Park Museum. 40 5| in. Flanges deep, forming lozenge-shaped sides, with deep hollow between. Turned up during farming work a few yards from the entrenchments at Rispain Fort, Glasserton, Wigtonshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 855 41 4{'f. ill. Cutting edge turned up at each side into a sharp hook-like end. Found at Durisdeer. Lent by Grierson's Museum, Thornhill. Type VII. — Showing a further heightening of the Flanges and their turning inwards to secure the handle still more firmly. 42 5]f in. Flanges turned inwards. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 43 in. Flanges high and turned in. Lent by Duke of Argyll. Type VIII. — The Flanges now combined with a slight transverse Stop-ridge. 4:4: 5y'g iu. Fouud on the Braes of Doune, Perthshire. Lent by John E. Shearer. 45 5^ in. From Clerklands, Lilliesleaf, Roxburghshire. Lent by Tom Scott. 46 5f in. Found on Wordburn Farm, Rosehall, Sutherland, in 1902. Lent by W. E. Gilmour. 47 4ifin. Lent by the Hunterian Museum. Type IX. — Flanges combined with a pronounced inclined Stop- ridge. 48 7iV in. Lent by Elgin Museum. 49 65 in. Narrow, chisel-like j rather shallow flanges and coalescing deep semicircular stop-ridge. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Type X. — The Axe-heads are of the same character as the preceding class, but are decorated on both sides with raised mouldings. 50 5| in. Double elliptical beading on each face of the blade. Found at Park of Closeburn. Lent by Grierson's Museum, Thornhill. 51 6| in. Flanges and stop-ridge, elliptical beading below stop- ridge, where it converges. Lent by A. R. Eraser. 52 4| in. Flanges and stop-ridge ; below ridge a slightly counter- sunk compartment containing a raised diamond-shaped panel. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 53 5| in. With transverse ridge on each side ; vertical beading, joined by two oblique headings on each face of blade. From Banffshire. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 856 SCOTTISH AXE-HEADS Type XI. — Involves the new idea of a loop on one side to assist still further the attachment of the head to the shaft hy thong or string. 54 Portion of a Hoard of long, narrow looped Axe-heads; the largest 6| in. S.W. Scotland. 55 56 57 Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 58 Looped. With slight vertical rib on blade; 5 in. Lent by W. Mom Bryce. 59 5 in. Looped; vertical rib and converging ribs on each face of blade. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 60 6 in. Heavy broad vertical rib on blade; found near Dalmore Rock, Strathfleet, 1867. Lent by The Duke of Sutherland. 61 6^J in. Vertical rib on blade with short converging headings. Lent by the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright Museum. 62 5| in. Looped; somewhat raised edges on blade, where also is a vertical beading. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. Type XII. — Like the preceding, hut with stop-ridge and flange forming deep semi-socket. 63 6| in. Looped. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. Type XIII. — Illustrates the final development, viz., the introduction of a socket to receive the handle. This type was always provided with a loop, and is frequently decorated. 64 3i in. Found in Ayrshire. Lent by Grierson Museum, Thornhill. 65 3| in. Lent by Elgin Museum. 66 3i in. From Aberdeenshire. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 67 3| in. Square Socket, with beading at butt end. Lent by Tom Scott. 68 21 in. Found at Leslie, Aberdeenshire, 1880. (Rae Collection.) Lent by W. Moir Bryce. Lent by Elliot M'Kirdy. 70 in. With moulding round the mouth. Lent by Mrs. T. Lindsay Galloway. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 857 71 2f in. (broken). Lent by Peebles Museum. 72 2| in. Found near Roman Camp, Draffin, Lesmabagow. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 73 5 in. Found at Golspie. Lent by the Duke of Sutherland. 74 51 in. Lent by W. MoiR Bryce. 75 41^ in. Found at Auchencairn Hill in 1859. Lent by Grierson Museum, Thoenhill. 76 3| in. Found in Orkney. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 77 3J in. Three vertical headings on each face; from Aber- deenshire. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 78 3}| in. Five vertical headings. Lent by J. R. Moreton M'Donald. 79 Four vertical headings. Found in 1905 in peat moss on the north side of the river Elvan, Lanarkshire. Lent by R. F. Dalziel. 80 5^ in. On each face two vertical headings slightly divergent and terminating each in a ring. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 81 4| in. On each face three groups of concentric rings connected by headings. From Lesmahagow. Lent by W. Grossart. 82 Is a cast of a complete Axe in its handle, found in Ireland. A specimen of Type XIII. Lent by Dublin Museum. Type XIV. — Iron Socketed Axe-heads. 83 From Bishop's Loch Crannog. Lent by John Bruce. CHISEL HEADS. These show practically the same evolution as the Axe-head. 1 Stone, 2if in. From Daviot. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 2 Stone, 4f in. From Auchterless. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 3 Stone, 4| in. From Aberdeenshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 4 Bronze, 2^f in. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. STONE BALLS 5 Bronze, 1| in. With slight stop-ridge. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 6 Bronze, 4i in. From Eskclalemuir ; slightly flanged. Lent by Grierson Museum, Thornhill. CASE 27. CARVED STONE BALLS. They are usually found without associations, are of uncertain use, and are peculiar to Scotland. Many are carefully and elaborately decorated, some with closely set knobs and others with discs. Early Iron Age or Early Mediaeval. The greatest diameter is given in inches. Nos. 1 to 7 have many small hemispherical knobs. 1 2| ins. ; found when digging for new School at Monymusk. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 2 2| ins. ; found at Monymusk. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 3 2}} ins. ; with 113 knobs, from Bonrtie. Lent by Mrs. Duguid. 4 2| ins. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 5 2^ ins. ; found at Newmilns, Elgin. Lent by Jas. Ed, Cree. 6 3 ins. ; with 11 knobs. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 7 3^ ins. ; very large with many prominent knobs, from Rae collection. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 8' 2f ins. ; with many somewhat square-based knobs, from Sanday. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 9 2^73 ins. ; with many squarish or pyramidal knobs. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 10 2}| ins. ; small squarish or pyramidal knobs on one face and on the opposite side several segmental ridges, the intervening space being occupied by a spiral ridge. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 11 2| ins. ; plain surface, except where there is a widely diverging incised spiral. [See Norwegian Gallery, item 438.] Lent by J. Graham Callander. 12 2}| ins. ; quite plain and slightly flattened. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 859 13 Plain Stone Ball, 2| ins., with 6 sets of concentric incised circles, each set comprising about 11 circles. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. STONE BALLS ALL WITH SIX DISCS UNLESS WHERE MENTIONED. 14 2| ins. ; with four plain flattish discs 3 found at Tipperty, Logic Buchan in 1887. Lent by Thomas Esson. 15 2| ins. ; found at Monquhiller, New Blyth, in 1902. Lent by Thomas Esson. 16 2| ins. ; found at Kintore. Lent by W. MoiR Bryce. 17 3 ins. ; found at Turriff. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 18 2f ins. ; from Fyvie. Lent by J. Neilson. 19 2i ins. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 20 ins. ; of White Quartz ; found in tlie Moss of Cree. Lent by Grierson Museum, Thornhill. 21 3^ ins. ; from Aberdeenshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 22 2if ins. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 23 2| ins. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 24 2f ins. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 25 2if ins. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 26 3 tV ins. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 27 2| ins. ; found at Shadowside, Bourtie. Lent by Mrs. Duguid. 28 ins. ; A groove in interspace concentric with periphery of each disc; found in Red Moss, Belhelvie. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 29 2| ins. ; A groove in interspace concentric with periphery of each disc. On one disc is a group of 6 minute cups, and at the edge of the same disc is a row of similar cups coinciding with the edge of the disc; found at Carn- wath, Lanarkshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 860 STONE BALLS 30 2| ins. ; A perfectly plain symmetrical ball of grey flint ; from Aberdeenshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 31 ins. ; on portion of one disc are incised zig-zag lines. All the 8 interspaces are decorated, some with cups, others with incised lines. One interspace has a series of zig- zag incised lines as on the disc. Another interspace has segmented incised lines, all at same curvature. Two others have each similar lines in sets at two different curvatures. Another has segmented lines in two sets cross hatching, giving rise to little rectangular protuber- ances. Another has small oval pittings, while in each of two other interspaces there are three sets of curved lines. The component lines of each set are concentric with the edge of the adjoining disc. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 32 3^ ins. ; found at Boggaty Head, Dunnottar. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 33 3f ins. ; found at Briggs of Criggie, Dunnottar. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 34 3| ins. ; found at Dunning, Perthshire. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 35 Plain, 2J ins. ; found at Dunning, Perthshire. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. 36 2| ins. Lent by Jas. C. Barclay. 37 2| ins. Lent by Rev. A. R. G. Burn. STONE CUPS AND LAMPS. These objects were in frequent use about the beginning of this era. The greatest dimension in each case is given in inches. Unless when mentioned the perforation at the handle is vertical. 1 Lamp of Red Sandstone with handle and nose, 4^^ ins.; decorated with incised lines; sloping floor; from Aber- deenshire. 2 Small three-sided Lamp of sandstone, 2| ins. ; found in 1900 at Claymoddie, Wigtonshire. 3 Small shallow Lamp of grey-wacke ins. ; found in 1900 at Candlish Fry, Wigtonshire. 4 Oval shallow Lamp of grey-wacke, 6 ins. ; found in 1900 at Claymoddie, Wigtonshire. 5 Long rectangular Lamp of sandstone, 9^jr ins. ; with longish oval basin; from Buchan, Aberdeenshire. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 861 6 Circular Lamp of sandstone, 4^ ins. ; from Auchnagatt. 7 Large Lamp or Cup of mica-schist, 6| ins. ; with slight side protuberance possibly a nose or handle; from Kilkenneth. 8 Small, flat carefully-made Cup of diorite, ins. ; with round handle ; found in 1879 at Bridge of Allan. 9 Well made Lamp of steatite ; 4f|- ins. ; with square perforated handle, and having three incised lines round the edge of the cup ; found in 1895 at Whitecross, Chapel of Garioch. 10 Cup of mica-schist, 5^^ ins. ; with perforated handle ; and slightly under-cut basin ; found in North of Scotland. 11 Large Lamp of granitic stone, 7| ins. ; with channelled nose, and with square handle furnished with central thumb depression ; found at Castle Fraser. 12 Stone Lamp 5Jf-ins. ; one of the most symmetrical yet discovered, with sides and perforated handle decorated by raised band bearing incised vertical lines; from Aberdeenshire. (A Cast; the present whereabouts of the original not being known.) Nos. 1 to 12 lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 13 Stone Cup with perforated handle, ins. ; found at Fyvie. (Rae collection.) Lent by W. Mom Bryce. 14 Stone Cup, 7| ins. ; with very long perforated handle •, from Aberdeenshire. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 15 Stone Lamp, 5| ins. ; with horizontally perforated handle j ridged sides ; found in the Tummel near Bohally in 1890. Lent by Duke of Athol. 16 Small Stone Cup, 4y\ ins. ; with handle ; found at Whitecross Chapel of Garioch. Lent by Thos. C. Esson. 17 Stone Cup, 6| ins. ; with perforated handle, from Ballimera, Argyll. Lent by Mrs. Moweray. 18 Oval Stone Lamp, 6| ins. ; with two shallow concave basins, the smaller forming the nose ; from Backaskaill. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 19 Oval Stone Lamp, ins. ; with two flat shallow basins, the smaller forming the nose. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 20 Stone Cup, 5^ ins. ; with very small perforated handle. Lent by Dr. Gillies. 21 Round Stone Cup, 7| ins. ; with long pointed handle. Lent by D. Duff. STONE CUPS AND LAMPS Small, somewhat irregularly made handled cup of black stone ; 5^5_ ills. Lent by Mks. MacDonald. Large Circular Stone, 6^ ins. ; with deep central Cup, probably a lamp. Lent by Kirkcudbright Museum. Large Flattish Circular Boulder, 8| ins. ; with large central cup and slight protuberance on one side as if for a handle, probably a lamp; from Whithorn. Boulder with deep under-cut basin, 11^ ins., of uncertain use ; from S. E. Wigton shire. Cup of schist, without handle, 5 in. dia. W. Scottish. Nos. 24 to 26 lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. LARGE SCOTTISH BRONZE ARMLETS, AND OTHER "LATE CELTIC^' OBJECTS. Of heavy massive penannular Armlets of cast bronze, like triple-coiled snakes, 14 have been found, chiefly in the north-east of Scotland, where 12 have been discovered. The decoration is in a style sometimes called "late Celtic," fashionable about the beginning of this era — flamboyant or divergent trumpet-shaped designs in relief running together often in pairs and enriched with fields of red and yellow enamel. The Armlets are of two kinds, one (probably the earlier) is more snake-like, smaller and simpler than the later, in which the serpent motif is more conventionally interpreted. There are four specimens of the later type shown. 1 Armlet, found adhering to his ploughshare by a farmer at Achavrail, Rogart, Sutherlandshire, in 1901. Lent by Duke op Sutherland. 2-4 Three Armlets. Lent by Duke or Argyll. As well as the Armlets, the wonderful Wooden Box in Case 12, and the Swine's Head in Case 21, objects of "late Celtic " decoration or feeling are: 5 An oval slotted Bronze Harness Mounting, from Aberdeen- shire. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 6 A Bronze Sword Scabbard (for an iron blade, now lost), said to have been found at Girvan. Lent by the United Colleges, St. Andrews. 7 Two Bronze Terminals of a two-forked Flesh Hook, once joined by a Avooden shaft. When exhibited in Edin- burgh in 1908 parts of the wooden shaft remained in the socket, but these are now lost. Lent by Duke of Argyll. 862 22 23 24 25 26 PREHISTORIC GALLERY 863 CASE 28. Five cases, containing 86 Scottish Beads. One is a minute Bead, carefully made, of yellow flint. One is of steatite. The others are of coloured glass and amber, and repre- sent most of the known types of Scottish Beads. Bronze Age and later. West Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Glass Beads. Lent by Montrose Museum. Case, containing 15 Beads. Lent by J. Graham Callander. Case of 55 Glass Beads and fragments of Glass Armlets, chiefly Roman. Lent by Tom Scott. Nine Artificial Flakes of Flint, naturally perforated ; found together, and probably part of a Necklace. S.W. Scot- land. Bronze Age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Objects from Dumbuck (and from Dunbuie where men- tioned), both prehistoric Sites near Dumbarton, dis- covered by the late W. A. Donnelly, viz. : (a) Pebble, with central cup and rayed design ; small Disc, per- forated near edge ; Quartz Pebble, rubbed smooth at one side; Flint of green colour; Sandstone Rubbing Stone, with grooves; Smoothing Stone; Pebble, with cross hatched lines; Kite-shaped Pendant of Slate, with perforation at thicker edge; longish oval Pendant of Slate, with incised design ; longish oval Pendant of Cannel Coal ; smoothed fragment of Hematite ; two large blunt-pointed objects of slate, somewhat like spear- heads, with incised designs; White Quartz Pebble, with patches of red colour, as if painted ; collection of Bones, including skulls and horn cores of the Bos Longifrons and of the thin-legged sheep ; collection of Bone Imple- ments, Chisels, Awls, Borers ; Cylindrical Amulet, made from a shank bone of an ox, doubly perforated, and with etched design, taken from the mud in the west side of the ditch at Dumbuck by Harrington Mann and Ludovic M'L. Mann; Oyster Shell, with incised design and perforation —not a blue point shell ; Stone Lamp, from Dunbuie ; Whinstone Knife, from Dunbuie. (See Case 10, item 11.) Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. Split Bones and 4 Tools of Bone, from Dumbuck Crannog. Lent by James Neilson. Bone Chisel. Lent by James Anderson. 864 MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS Relics got in the Foundation o* a Wooden Structure at Old Kilpatrick, occupied about the beginning of this era. 1 Collection of stone implements, such as polishers, hammer- stones, rubbers, discoid stones, and a perforated flint pebble. 2 Trenail or wooden peg, preserved in glass jar, 4| in. long, found transfixing mortised wooden beams. The peg was, perhaps intentionally, strengthened by charring its surface. The other timber was not so prepared. 3 Three Wood Chippings (preserved in glass jar) struck off by a metal axe. 4 End of a club-like Spar of Wood (preserved in glass jar), showing careful carpentry work, with oval perforation. 5 Daub and Wattlework Fragment (preserved in glass jar), perhaps fallen from upper portion of the structure. 6 Fragment of dark Eoman pottery got above these relics. 7 Collection of grains, stalks, and heads of barley ; fruit stones ; charcoal ; 92 cherry stones found together in 8 cubic inches of material ; all from the floor layer. Some of the seeds, identified and mounted by Clement Reid, F.R.S., are : 8 Polygonum Convolvulus, Linn. 9 Arenaria Trinervia, L. 10 Polygonum. 11 Urtica Dioica, L. 12 Rumex. 13 Prunella Vulgaris, L. 14 Galeopsis Tetrahit, L. 15 Carex. 16 Polygonum Aviculare, L. 17 Spore (Carboniferous). 18 Stellaria Media. Stellaria Graminea, L. 19 Polygonum Persicaria, L. 20 Alchemilla Arvensis, L. 21 Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus, L. 22 Ranunculus Flaramula, L. 23 Ranunculus Repens, L. 24 5 seeds of Prunus Padus. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 865 CASE 29. Long Woollen Knitted or Woven Robe, with arms, also Brogue, found in a grave at Springhill, Rogart, in 1876. Lent by the Duke of Sutherland. CASE 30. 1 Case containing 112 Scottish Spinning Whorls of various kinds of stone, of lead, bone, and of Mediaeval Pottery fragments. The spinning whorl (used to weigh the spindle) came into use about the time of the introduc- tion of iron, about 300 B.C., and was in vogue till about 1850 A.D. The finest whorls, lathe-turned and decorated, belong to the 9th century a.d. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 2 Case containing 20 Aberdeenshire Spinning Whorls of Stone and Pottery fragments. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 3 Five Handled Combs of bone. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 4 Glazed Stones, from a Monastery site on Holy Isle, Bute- shire. On ancient sites stones of this character are sometimes found, but their origin and use are un- known. Lent by J. A. Balfour. 5 Piece of Metal Chain. Lent by Aberdeen University Museum. 6 Bronze Horse. Lent by Elliot M'Kirdy. 7 Case of miscellaneous Antiquities, including small Jar, found with Coins of Edward II., Mediaeval Pottery Fragments, Bronze Axe, and a small Pottery Cup, from New Monkland. Lent by A. Turner. 8 Roman and Hiberno-Danish Coins, found in Whithorn. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann 9 Collection of Twyers or thick Pottery Discs, with large central perforation, used in Galloway between 850 and 900 A.D. in a bloomery or iron furnace as a non-inflam- mable extension to the bellows' nozzle as it entered the furnace. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 10 Iron Furnace Debris, Slag, Wood Charcoal, Spinning Whorls, heads of Bronze Pins, and Belt-Tab, with inter- 2e 866 MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS laced decoration, found together in S.W. Scotland. Late 9tli century a.d. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 11 Model of ancient Iron Furnaco or Bloomery, with wood charcoal and slag, from various sites. Lent by Cecil H. Desch. 12 Three cases of fragments of Bronze Armlets, Brooches and Buckles of mixed metals ; two Bronze Finger Rings and portions of another ; and Flint Implement, from Tents Muir. Lent by Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 13 Large Penannular Brooch, with expanded ends. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 14 Bronze Pin, with perforated circular head, from Orkney. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 15 Bronze Pin, with circular crutch-shaped head, with four perforations. Lent by Elgin Museum. 16 Bronze Pin. Lent by Elgin Museum. 17 Two Bronze Pins. Lent by Aberdeen University Museum. 18 Case of Glass and Amber Beads, Bronze Spoon, Belt Tabs, and Pottery and Bronze Fragments. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 19 Set of 27 Bone Beads, from Skurabrae, Orkney. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 20 Stone Button, from Barmekin, Aberdeenshire. Lent by F. C. Inglis. 21 Bead of white paste, inlaid with yellow enamelled spirals, found at Strathdon. Lent by Thornhill Museum. 22 Four Paste Beads. Lent by Elgin Museum. 23 Melon Bead of blue glass, found at Castle Newe. Lent by Thornhill Museum. 24 One Paste Whorl. Lent by Elgin Museum. 26 Melon Bead of green paste, found at Penpont. Lent by Thornhill Museum. 26 Bead, found in lona. Lent by James Young. 27 Five ancient Brooches. Lent by Duke of Sutherland. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 867 28 Brooch. Lent by Duke of Sutherland. 29 Flat Brooch, from Arran. Mediaeval. Lent by J. W. Stewart. 30 Large Flat Penannular Brooch. Mediaeval. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann 31 Fibula, bow-shaped. Lent by Hawick Museum. CASE 31. 1 Pins, Needles, and Brooches of mixed metal, from the Outer Isles. Lent by Alexander Carmichael. 2 Pins and Needles of bronze and mixed metal, one with a small head of yellow glass. Lent by Duke of Argyll. 3 Case of Hebridoan and West Scottish Bronze Pins. Mediaeval. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 4 Box, containing Samian Ware, Bronze Key, Green-glazed Pottery, Bones, and Charcoal, and whitening material ; found in the Mote Hill, Ranfurly, Bridge of Weir. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 5 Collection of Pottery, Jet, Glass and Stone Objects, found while trenching near Whithorn Abbey. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 6 Box, containing Mediaeval Coins and Metal and Glass Objects, found together. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 7 Seventeen Objects of bronze or mixed metal, found on the site of a dwelling of Mediaeval times in Coll : One Finger Ring, with socket for jewel; a Coin; two small Pins; one small Penannular Ring ; one large Pin, with solid head, bevelled at crown and at junction with shank, and incised at middle of shank ; three Needles ; one piece of Needle Shank; six pieces of Sheet Bronze, with rivets and rivet holes. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 8 Box containing 10 specially large Bronze Pins, with orna- mental heads and some with decorated shanks, from different sites in the West of Scotland. One pin ter- minates in a head like a double crozier ; another has a head in the form of an equal armed cross, with settings of amber ; two have facetted heads, with movable rings. Mediaeval. West Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 868 MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS 9 Box containing 5 Penannular Brooches, about the 9th cen- tury A.D. ; 3 Finger Rings, one with a setting of blue glass; 5 Needles of bronze, one with the eye in the centre of the shank ; Bronze Pin, with ornamental head ; Child's Armlet of bronze; and 3 Bronze Thimbles. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 10 Ball of fossilized butter (Adipocere) ; Rubber of hematite ; fragments of Casket (or Reliquary) of Iron, coated with bronze ; Iron Key, Ring, Nails, Knives, Rivet Heads and Horse Shoe ; found on Early Mediaeval site in S.W. Scotland. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 11 Iron Objects : Dagger Blade, with bronze hilt and bronze rivets ; square Brooch or Buckle ; Knives, Blades, and bone terminal for Flute. Probably mediaeval. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 12 Swine's Head in sheet bronze, in " late Celtic " style, about 2000 years old ; probably used in warfare, parade, or ceremonies either as a pole-mounting, head-mask, or head-dress. Found at Deskford, 1817. Lent by Town Council of Banff. 13 Case containing Iron Dagger, 13^ in. long, and other Iron Objects. Mediaeval. West Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 14 Case containing Iron Dagger, about 7^ in. long, iron rivets, iron bridle bit. West Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. CASE 32. Model of a Hill Fort at Beattock, and above it, on the wall, 14 Plans and Sections of Forts at Beattock, made by Mungo Buchanan, Corr. F.S.A. Scot. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. CASE 33. STONE AXES. A group of 180 objects illustrating the manufacture, repair, method of mounting and use of Scottish Stone Axe-heads, pro- bably the most extensive exhibit of its khid. Stone Axe-heads went out of use a century or two before the birth of Christ. (a) Grinders of Sand-stone of various types —large pear-shaped, large circular, und small, easily portable, rectangular Grind-stones— upon which the Axes were ground and polished. All bear concave facets. One of the last type is so much worn through from two sides that it has a thick- ness of only one half inch. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 869 Chippings of Felstone. Probably debris thrown aside in the making or repairing of axes Felstone was the favourite material in Scotland for the making of Stone Axe-heads. It was valuable, and the chippings were worked up for smaller implements, such as : Choppers, Small Axe-heads, other Cutting Tools and Arrow- heads, many of which objects are shown. Broken Axes re-trimmed and re-ground. Two specially signi- ficant specimens are shown on cards, with explanatory diagrams. Felstone Axe-heads in course of manufacture. Felstone Axe-head, found a few inches distant from one of the grind-stones. Selection of 120 Axe-heads of nearly all known shapes and sizes. Three Axe-heads show, by an oblique staining in the middle of the stone, where the handle has been fixed. Four Axe-heads, their butt ends abraded by use as Hammer- stones. End of an Ancient Wooden Pile (preserved in a glass jar) cut BY A Stone Axe, showing the character of Neolithic carpentry work in Scotland. Seventeen Casts of Wooden Logs, the ends of which have been cut by a stone axe. The logs were taken from the foundations of Neolithic Huts. (See Case 4, items 9 to 11.) For comparison two casts are shown of bars of soap, one of which has been cut with an ancient stone axe and the other by an ancient fiat bronze axe. The cuttings on each cast are markedly diff'erent in character. A Miniature Stone Axe-head, about 1^ in. long. Probably a toy. A collection of Small Perforated Axe-Hammers, some of veined and coloured stone. A collection of Massive Perforated Axe-Hammers. A Full-size Drawing of a Complete Axe found in the Solway Moss, to illustrate the method of mounting a Stone Axe- head in its wooden handle. A published drawing of this Axe (one-seventh actual size) seems to be incorrect. The Axe-head has been hafted as in the sketch exhibited, as it is apparent from the staining upon the stone. Items {a) to {p) lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. In this case, to illustrate further the method of hafting, there is placed a cast of a Stone Axe-head in its wooden handle, lent by Carlisle Museum, and another lent by Dublin Museum. 870 JET OBJECTS CASE 34. JET OBJECTS, FROM STONE AGE TO EARLY MEDIAEVAL TIMES. The objects, items Nos. 1 to 10, illustrate the manufacture of Ornaments of Jet, Cannel coal, and of other kinds of Lignite ; from prehistoric workshops chiefly at Portpatrick. 1 Raw Slabs of Jet or Shale showiog "points of percussion." 2 Collection of Chippings. 3 Cores or Discs of Jet being the discarded or waste portions left after cutting out the armlet or ring, 4 Cores w^ith single notch on the edge showing how the cutting operation was started. 5 Cores, the edges of which show clearly the slicing action of the metal blade employed. 6 Cores showing armlets partly cut out. These cores were thrown aside owing to the breaking of the cores during manufacture. 7 Collection of Armlets broken in the course of manufacture before the processes of final cutting of the inside edges and of polishing were reached. 8 Cores with their edges unusually well and obliquely cut. 9 Neatly cut Dlsc with incised work in the form of a rectangle divided into seven compartments each of which contains rune-like script. The lettering has not been deciphered and is probably a degenerate copy or illiterate imitation possibly used magically ; a cast of the under-side showing incised design like a coracle with mast and sail. Also an enlarged photograph of the engraved work. The disc was obtained among the debris from the workshopat Portpatrick. 10 Small clay Cap, possibly a crucible, from tlie Portpatrick workshop. Objects (items 11 to 23) were found within a radius of 10 miles from the Portpatrick workshop. 11 Collection of polished fragments of Armlets and Rings. 12 Portion of a Child's Armlet; and of an Adult's Armlet, flattisli, and ornamented with dots on one of the flat sides equidistantly placed, a unique decorative motive. 13 Penannular Ring, with carefully carved ends, possibly a nose ring — a unique specimen. Probably Bronze Age. 14 Pendant Ornament, curved like a boar's tiisk. 15 Thin Pendant, diamond-shaped. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 871 16 Object like a shoe-last. 17 Large, Oval, Flattisli Pexdant. 18 Collection of Beads, si)lierical, discoid and barrel-shaped. 19 Two Ob.jects in case, showing the ancient employment together of jet and metal. One is a massive armlet, which has been fitted with countersunk plates of metal, found in a field in Stoneykirk. The other is a small centrally perforated disc, to which is fitted an iron shank. Probably Early Iron Age. 20 Collection of Perforated Discs, probably spinning whorls, one with incised lines. 21 Large Flat Armlets, found associated with a cinerary urn. The pottery is also shown. 22 Fragments of Armlets, some workshop waste pieces. 23 Necklace of 187 small discs and centre-plate, found inside the pottery vessel which is shown, and associated with the felstone axe-head also shown. The vessel is perhaps unique. It is decorated with two series of lozenges, in each of which is a cross-hatched design. Nos. 1 to 23 comprise 300 pieces. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 24 Armlet, unpolished. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 25 Armlet, polished, from the Portpatrick workshop. Lent by Lady Augusta Orr Ewing. 26 Necklace, found in 1873 at Torrish, Sutherlandshire, with flint arrow point and small flint knife, consisting of 5 plates and 55 barrel-shaped beads. Lent by the Duke of Sutherland. 27 Necklace of 6 i)lates and 59 beads, found in a cist at Torr, Edderton, Ross-shire. Lent by Royal Scottish Academy, to which it was recently presented by Mr. Tom Scott, R.S.A. 28 Necklace of 12 massive barrel-shaped beads and 4 amber beads of irregular shape. Found at Cruden, with a stone axe-head. Lent by Peterhead Museum. 29 Four Objects from St. Blanes, Bute. Lent by John Orr. 30 Objects, including Armlet fragment, from Tents Muir. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 31 Bar of Cannel Coal, with expanded end. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 872 JET OBJECTS 32 Saucer of Jet. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 33 Thirty-three Objects of Jet and Shale; beads, perforated armlets, rings, and amulets. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. CASE 35. Reconstruction of a Short Cist of the Bronze Age, found at Newlands, near Cathcart (within 2| miles from the Royal Exchange, Glasgow). It shows the actual soil, grave slabs, and the skeleton of a person, probably a female of about 23 years, lying on its left side and doubled up, all as in the original positions. A knife of black flint was found close to the right side of the neck of the skeleton, where the hand bones lay. The skull is short and broad, like the majority of skulls recovered from short cist burials of the Bronze Age. The knife is shown in a small glass-topped box, in cotton wool, placed within the cist, some of the cap-stones of which are removed to one side to allow the contents to be seen. Mr. George Anderson discovered the burial, and exercised every measure of care in its preservation ; and, with Professor Bryce and Mr. J. A. Balfour, assisted in its restoration in the Prehistoric Gallery. In July, 1904, a few yards distant, Mr. Anderson found two groups of Cinerary Vessels of flower-pot shape, containing burned human bones, as described by Mr. Mann some time thereafter in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Exhibited by courtesy of Sir John Stirling-Maxwell. CASE 36. Reconstruction of a Long Cist, found at Lothianburn, near Edinburgh. Early Iron Age or about the beginning of this era. Lent by Prof. Bryce and Ludovic M'L. Mann. CASE 37. COLLECTION OF OBJECTS FROM ABERDEENSHIRE, UNLESS WHERE MENTIONED. 1 Two Flint Spear Heads and three ground Flint Knives. 2 Ten large Implements and four Flint Saws. 3 Twenty Borers and Drills of Flint. 4 Flint Flakes, broken Flint Arrow Heads, Flint Scrapers, and two pieces of Cairngorm, from a Flint workshop. 5 Six Cases of Flint Scrapers, PREHISTORIC GALLERY 873 6 Four Flint Axes. 7 Two Miniature Axes of Slate, one perforated Axe and one of triangular shape. All of rare types. 8 AxEHEAD of Greenstone. 9 Thirty Stone Axeheads. 10 One finely polished Hammer of Greenstone. 11 Two Stone Hammers. 12 Small Flat Vessel of Slate (one of two known examples), five perforated Stone Pendants, and a triangular perforated Stone, from Berwickshire. 13 Sixty Perforated Stones, of unknown use. 14 Forty larger Perforated Stones. 15 A Perforated Stone, similar to those in immediate preceding item, but ornamented with interlaced designs. 16 A Quartzite Disc, from Culbin Sands. 17 Nine Whetstones and Point Sharpeners. 18 Seventeen Beads and Ornaments of stone, glass, and paste. 19 Large Jet Ring. 20 Three large Beads of coloured quartz. 21 Small Cup of Bronze of Late Celtic Period, with Human Tooth, Disc of blue glass, and a number of Pebbles found associated. 22 Three Button Moulds of Slate and four Slate Buttons. Lent by J. Graham Callander. CASE 38. SOUTH WALL. 1 Beaker, 6 in. dia.x8f in. high. Lent by James Townley. 2 Beaker, 5| in. dia. x6| in. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 3 Beaker, 6 in. dia.x4 in. high. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 4 Beaker, 5 in. dia.x5 in. high. Lent by Peter M'Cosh. 5 Food Vessel, from Drumpellier, Coatbridge, 5^ in. dia.x 4f in. high. Lent by Coatbridge Naturalists' Association. 874 SCOTTISH PREHISTORIC POTTERY 6 Food Vessel, found in a cairn near Cadder. Lent by James Ed. Cree. 7, 8, 9 Three Food Vessels, found at Milton iQuarry, Lesmahagow, in 1889. (a) 5^ in.x6 in.; {h) 5 in.x6 in.; (c) 6^ in. x6^ ins. Lent by Harry Brown. 10 Food Vessel, found at Skeldon, 5 in. dia.x5 in. high. Lent by Carnegie Public Library, Ayr. 11 Food Vessel, found at Skeldon, 5| in. dia.x5 in. high. Lent by Carnegie Public Library, Ayr. 12 Food Vessel, 6^ in. dia. x5^ in. high, with two human teeth, found in Cist on Cockburn Farm, Berwickshire, in February, 1911. Lent by James Herriot. 13 Food Vessel, 6^ in. dia.x4| in. high. Lent by John Bell. 14 Food Vessel, 6^ in. dia.xSf in. high. Lent by the Hunterian Museum. 15 Food Vessel, from Skye, 6 in. dia.x6 in. high. Lent by the Hunterian Museum. 16 Cinerary Urn, found at Motehill, 15 in. dia. x 17 in. high. Lent by Carnegie Public Library, Ayr. 17 Cinerary Urn, 12^ in. dia. x 11^ in. high. Lent by the Earl of Aberdeen. 18 Cinerary Urn, from Girvan, 18 in. dia. x 18 in. high. Lent by the Hunterian Museum. 19 Cinerary Urn, found at Gateslack, Dumfriesshire, with burned bones, 1I-| in. dia. X 11 in. high. Lent by Professor Glaister. 20 Cinerary Urn, 8^ in. dia.x8^ in. high. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 21 Cinerary Urn, from Cumnock, 6 in. dia. x6 in. high. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 22 Bucket-shaped (Domestic) Vessel, from Culbin Sands, Morayshire, 5 in. dia.x5| in. high. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 23 Bucket-shaped Vessel (Domestic), from Bishops Loch Cran- nog, 7 in. dia.x7 in. high. Lent by John Bruce. 24 On shelf near doorway, at farther end, a Mediaeval " Craggan," decorated with two rows of dotted marks near rim and a similar decoration on top of rim ; from Kilkenneth. The only complete specimen known. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 875 25-31 Six " Craggans," from Tiree and Coll; and a pottery Churn, from Coll. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 32-35 Three " Craggans " and a Pottery Churn, from Tiree. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. SCOTTISH PREHISTORIC POTTERY. Dried by fire. Hand-made and not Wheel-turned, may be classified into ten types, most having many sub-types. I. Wide-mouthed, Round-based Bowls, Domestic and Sepul- chral; often finely shaped, with smooth and, at times, bur- nished surface. About 25 Scottish specimens are known, 10 of which are represented in Case 4, items 3, 4, and 5. Latest Stone Period. About 3000-2000 years B.C. (See Wall Chart 9.) II. Resembling type I., but base less rounded and ware less well finished, with dabbed ornament. Domestic only. About 20 Scottish specimens are known, and practically all are represented in Case 7. (See Wall Chart 10.) Transition between Stone and Bronze Periods, 2000-1500 years B.C. III. Perforated Saucers, in use domestically; one speci- men only is known, and is shown in Case 7, with its associated pottery, type II. IV. "Beakers" or "Drinking Cups"; tall, thin-walled, flat-based, rather elegant vessels of reddish ware ; usually decoration is made by impressed twisted cord at various angles, and by impressed notched twigs, finger nails, shells; domestic and sepulchral; abundant throughout Scotland. Transition period as above, and into Bronze Period, about 1700-1000 years B.C. Found with types II. and III. (See Case 7 and Case 9.) V. A combination of types II. and IV. ; Round-based, String-marked Bowls. Two specimens only are known, and are in Case 12. Transition Period as type IV. VI. Small Flat-based Bowls, "Food Vessels" (often ap- proaching in shape the Earlier Round-based Bowl). Derived from types I. and II. Placed with unburned bodies in small stone-built graves ; lavishly ornamented, often furnished with ears or lugs. Specimens are shown in Exhibit 39 and 12. Early or Middle Bronze Age. VII. Flat-based Thickish-walled Urns, used to contain burned bones (varying often, apparently, with the size of the body of the deceased person). (1) Bucket-shaped and cylin- drical, used also domestically. (2) Like flower-pots, upper part often decorated and moulded or concave in outline, with lower part narrowing and plain ; only used sepul- chrally ; abundant. Specimens are shown in Case 12, Case 17, and Case 20. Bronze Age. VIII. Small Cups, often perforated and sometimes with lids, used to contain burned bones (perhaps of children) ; fancifully called by some "Incense Cups." Found with 876 SCOTTISH PREHISTORIC POTTERY ''flower-pot" Urns of type VII., but rare. A specimen is shown in Case 12, item 10. Bronze Age. IX. Domestic Ware of the latest phase of the Bronze Age and of the Early Iron Age is, as a rule, cruder than the vessels embraced in the foregoing types. Found in Brochs, Hill Forts, Lake and Marsh Dwellings, and other anciently inhabited sites. It is usually flat-based and bucket-shaped, as shown in specimens, items 22 and 23 on South Wall. X. Its lineal descendant was the " Craggan " of the Hebrides — a hand-made, non-wheelturned " crock." Sur- vived until about 1850 a.d. A very rare late mediaeval Craggan " (the only complete specimen) is shown on the shelf to the right on entering. It is the farthest down the Gallery of a series of ten " Crag- gans," two of which are perforated Churns — the only known surviving specimens. The Hebridean pottery had to contend with cut out wooden dishes (which it did actively, owing to the rarity of the solid wooden blocks on the treeless islands), with the Green-glazed Ware of Mediaeval Times, and finally and unsuccessfully with the Factory Products of the 18th and 19th centuries. The true "Craggan " Ware is now rare, and must not be confused with the cups, saucers and teapots which have been made for tourists for more than twenty years in the Storno- way district. LuDOvic M'L. Mann. 36 Fragments of vitrified material from a vitrified fort at Burnt Island, Bute. Lent by Mungo Buchanan. 37 Long irregularly-shaped Stone, which has been used as a polisher, found with a Stone Axe-head. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 38 Cup and Ring-marked Stone, from Jedburgh district. Lent by Rev. A. Scott Matheson. 39 Shaped Stone, found in a mound in Birsay, Orkney. Lent by Dr. W. Irvine Fortescue. 40, 41 Large Anvil Stones, from S.W. Scotland. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 42, 43, Saddle Quern of granitic stone and two Stones or Mullers 44 for Saddle Querns, from Wigtonshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 45 Flattish Conical Water-rolled Stone, with four symmetrically placed hollows, which assist the grasp of the fingers. S.W. Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 46 Large Cj'lindrical Stone, showing many very deep pittings, found when digging a drain in George Street, Whithorn, about 5 feet below the surface, in 1906. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 877 47 Large Oval Stone, with many worked hollows, symmetrically placed ; of unknown use ; from Wigtonshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 48 Large Flat Circular Stone, with central perforation ; of uncertain use ; from Wigtonshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 49 Large Discoid Stone of Sandstone, with four indentations on the edge and a central perforation, probably an anchor. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 50 Stones of quadrate form, with deep transverse groove cut round the middle; probably anchors; of uncertain period ; from Wigtonshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 51 Large Rectangular Stone, with perforation at one end; probably used as an anchor ; got in the bed of the Clyde by J. Orr. Perhaps modern. Lent by J. Ore,. 52 Old Aberdeenshire Wooden Axle, 5 ft. 3^ in. long, from the collection of J. H. Findlay. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 53, 54 Two curiously but naturally marked Sandstone Slabs, found in ditch at the Dumbuck Structure, Dumbartonshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 55 Model of Broch of Moussa. Made and lent by J. A. Balfour. 56 Very massive granitic Socket Stone, circular and flattish, 18 in. in diameter and 7 in. thick, with a socket hole in the centre of each face ; found near W^hithorn. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 57 Socket Stone (a socket on each face), from Aros, Salen, Mull. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 58 Socket Stone, from Bourtie. Lent by Mrs. Duguid. 59 Pivot Stone, worn at both ends ; from Aberdeenshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 60 Socket Stone, from Alford district. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 61 Socket Stone, with very narrow socket; S.E. Wigtonshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 62 Socket Stone, from Alford district, Aberdeenshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 63 Socket Stone, from Aberdeenshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 878 BRONZE BOWLS Pivot and Socket Stones are of very hard stone, usually quartzite. The worn surfaces are highly polished, showing concentric striations. On the socket stones are deep cup- shape depressions, and on the pivot stones corresponding conical ends. These stones were used as " journals " for the upright spindles of corn mills, or as the base of gate posts where the vertical post revolves on the stationary base. 64 Bronze Bowl, 12 in. dia., found when ploughing on Millfield Plain, Northumberland, close to Flodden Field. Lent by Tweedsidb Physical and Antiquabian Society. 65 Bronze Bowl, 10^ in. dia., found on Gordon Moss, Berwick- shire. Lent by Tweedside Physical and Antiquarian Society. 66 Bronze Cauldiion, 14 in. dia., found when draining a moss at Lesmahagow. Lent by J. B. Dalziel. 67 Stone Trough, 22 in. long by 13 in. broad, the top of the sides furnished with six equidistantly placed small sockets as if for the attachment of a cover ; of uncertain purpose. Mediaeval or later. S.W. Scottish. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 68 A Squared Stone, about 10 in.xlO in., with oval basin, per- haps a holy water stoup ; from Whithorn. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 69 Six Framed Plans of Forts at Beattock, made by Mungo Buchanan. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 70 Plan, on scale of 5 feet to an inch, with wood- work coloured in brown and stone-work in grey, of Dumbuck Crannog, showing the foundations of of broch-like structure; the interior space or court- yard, with its central well; the surrounding ditch; and beyond the ditch a circular rampart of walling, partly of stone and partly of wood; the causeway running from the wall westward across the court- yard, ditch and rampart to a stream on the west ; the dock on the north-west (connected with the courtyard by a causeway), in which dock a large dug-out canoe was found ; the position in the ditch to the south-west of the two curiously marked boulders (Exhibits Nos. 53 and 54) ; and of an oaken ladder. Note. — The Broch of Moussa (see Exhibit 35) if placed upon the foundations of this " Crannog," would coincide with them and explain many features. Lent by the Clyde Navigation Trustees. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 879 71 Rubbing of sculpturing on Cross at Dyce, Aberdeenshire, showing three symbols and interlaced ornamentation. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 72 Urn of Steatitic Stone found, containing human burned bones, in Shetland. It is a somewhat irregularly formed vessel, with slight mouldings outside and inside at the rim. The top of the rim is partly cut away all round on the inside edge so as to form a countersunk ledge, as if for the fixing of a lid. The top outside diameter varies from 15;^ to lof inches, and the height is 18 inches. This Cremation Vessel is one of a rare type found only in Orkney, Shetland, and Caithness. It has so many affinities with certain burials which are found in Scandi- navia and nowhere else in Europe, that it becomes certain that this form of burial was introduced by the Scandinavian colonists, perhaps during almost the last phase of their pre-Christian culture, about the 8th or 9th centuries a.d. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. ABOVE DOOBWAY, INSIDE. 73 Skull and Horns of the Urus. Lent by the Free Church College, Edinburgh. CASE 39. ON NOBTH WALL. 38 Ancient Canoe Paddle, from Denny. Lent by Kyle & Frew. CASE 40. ON SOUTH WALL, IN CENTBE. BRONZE SWORDS, RAPIERS, AND BRONZE SCABBARD TIPS. The Bronze Sword is, perhaps, the finest and most elegant object produced by the prehistoric bronze founder. The hilt-plates, which were of horn or other perishable material, seldom survive. 5th to 3rd century B.C. Of the 28 swords shown, 10 have part or whole of the hilt broken away, while practically all the blades remain intact, showing that for some reason, not clear, the hilt seems to have been more easily broken than the blade. Most specimens exhibited have a cut-out notch on each edge of the blade as it nears the hilt, but only the absence of notches is noted. Similarly, as marginal headings are commonly present, their absence only is referred to. The butt-end of the hilt is usually straight, but only where it is 880 BRONZE SWORDS of other shape, such as winged like a fish-tail, is the feature referred to. In Scottish Sword Handles the rivets were inserted through circular holes, not through slots, as was often the case in English specimens. A. SwoRD Blades. 1 20 ins. long. Hilt wanting; found in Aberdeenshire. Lent by J. Graham Callander. 2 17^ ins. Hilt wanting; found in Argyllshire. Lent by the Duke of Argyll. 3 21| ins., with 4 rivet holes. Lent by the Duke of Argyll. 4 24 ins. ; 7 rivet holes, no beading. Found in 1869 when digging the foundations of Nos. 6 and 7 Grosvenor Crescent, Edinburgh. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 5 24 ins. ; 9 rivet holes; found with No. 4. Lent by W. MoiR Bryce. 6 21 ins. ; hilt partly broken ; no notches. Lent by the Trustees of the Smith Institute, Stirling. 7 23^ ins. ; 6 rivet holes; butt of hilt fish-tailed; no beading. Lent by Montrose Museum. 8 21^ ins. ; tip of blade and part of hilt broken. (Sir John Clerk's collection.) Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 9 22 ins. long ; tip of blade and small part of hilt broken ; no beading, but edges worn ; no notches. Found in Druid Stone Park, Errol. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 10 15| ins. ; part of hilt broken ; no beading. Lent by the Duke of Argyll. 11 21 ins. ; part of hilt broken ; no beading, but edges worn ; no notches. Found with No. 9. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 12 26 ins. ; tip slightly broken away ; 6 rivet holes ; fish-tail butt; dredged from the Clyde with No. 13. Lent by Lord Blythswood. 13 25 ins. ; squared butt, with its ends slightly curved in- wards; no notches; no beading, but central ribbing. Found with Scabbard Tip No. 2 attached ; dredged from Clyde with No. 12. No. 13 seems to be older than No. 12; if swords with notches and beading succeeded the non-notched, less elegant, and centrally ribbed type of sword. Lent by Lord Blythswood. PREHISTORIC GALLERY 881 14 25 ins. ; 6 rivet holes ; found in Perthshire. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 15 23| ins. ; 4 rivet holes ; found in the Outer Isles, with another. Lent by Mrs. Carmichael. 16 25 ins.; 7 rivet holes; no beading. Lent by the Duke of Argyll. 17 25| ins. ; 4 rivet holes. Lent by the Duke of Argyll. 18 13 ins. ; fragment of a small blade ; tip and butt wanting. Lent by J. R. Moreton MacDonald. 19 24 ins. ; 4 rivet holes. Lent by the Duke of Argyll. 20 23 ins.; half of hilt wanting; at least 9 rivet holes. (Sir John Clerk's collection.) Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 21 18 ins. ; no notches ; no beading ; found at Felhaar, Wigton- shire. Apparently in ancient times the hilt had been partly broken away, and a new hilt has been made, encroach- ing on part of the blade. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 22 19 ins. ; part of hilt missing, and apparently reground into a sort of tang; no beading; from Aberdeenshire. Lent by T. W. Dewar. 23 22 ins. ; part of hilt wanting, thick central ribbing ; from Craigleith Quarry, Edinburgh. Lent by Tom Scott. 24 In two pieces, together 25^ ins. ; 4 rivet holes. Lent by the Duke of Argyll. 25 26^ ins. ; blade unusually broad and straight edged, but about one inch of tip broken away ; 12 very small rivet holes. Lent by Alloa Museum. 26 25 ins. ; 4 rivet holes ; found when digging foundations for the Railway Station, Brechin. Lent by Montrose Museum. 27 27^ ins. ; the hilt and pommel cast in one piece with the blade. The interior and end of the pommel are now vacant, and were probably filled with lead. Found at Inverbroom. Lent by Sir John E. Fowler. 28 23| ins., but one inch of tip broken away; 6 rivet holes; from Girvan. Lent by the United Colleges, St. Andrews. 882 BRONZE SWORDS B. Rapier Blades. Nos. 29 to 35 are rapier or lance blades with narrow blades and expanding butts, which were rivetted to handles or shafts. Only in No. 35 is the blade and butt complete and showing the rivet holes. 29 15 ins. ; found in Kirkcudbrightshire. Lent by Grierson Museum, Thornhill. 30 14^ ins. ; found in Kirkcudbrightshire. Lent by Grierson Museum, Thornhill. 31 10 ins. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 32 13^ ins. ; rather broad (resembling a sword blade) and fluted ; found in the River Cree, Kirkcudbrightshire. Lent by Tom Scott. 33 8i ins., fluted. Lent by Grierson Museum, Thornhill. 34 18 ins. Lent by the Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow. 35 12i ins. Lent by the Rev. Mr. Fraser. C. Scabbard Tips. 36 6i ins. ; broken ; found with 7 swords, Nos. 2, 3, 10, 16, 17, 19, and 24. Lent by the Duke of Argyll. 37 41 ins. ; broken ; found attached to sword No. 13. Lent by Lord Blythswood. ( ( SOUTH GALLERY. SPORTS AND PASTIMES. The game of curling undoubtedly originated in Scotland. Pennant in his tour in Scotland in 1772 describes the game as follows : "Of the sports of these parts, that of curling is a favourite, and one unknown in England : it is an amusement of the winter, and played on the ice, by sliding from one mark to another great stones of forty to seventy pounds weight, of hemispherical form, with an iron or wooden handle at top. The object of the player is to lay his stone as near the mark as possible, to guard that of his partner, which has been well laid before, or to strike off that of his antagonist." Loofies, Kuting Stanes or Piltycocks as they are variously called, are the earliest type. These probably were most generally used up to 1600, and their use continued for at least fifty years more. They were probably held by both hands and thrown or skuyted along the ice with a sweeping motion. In the case of a right-handed player, the right foot would be advanced, and the sweep would be from left to right. The McFarlane Museum, Stirling, show amongst the other Kuting Stanes in this section, a stone dated 1511. This is the oldest dated stone known. In some districts, as for instance, Strathaven, curling stones are still known as "Kitty Stanes." Rough unhewn boulders were next used, having a handle of wood or iron. These were common up to the last quarter of the 18th century and were even used until about 1820. In 1806 their use was barred by the rules of the Duddingston Club, which rules were largely adopted in 1838 by the Caledonian Curling Club. Following these came the hammer dressed circular stone, with a more or less polished sole, and at a later date reversible stones were made, having a keen and a drug sole. These were in use when each curler played one stone, and eight men formed a rink. About 1840 two stones each became common, and the rink was reduced to four players, but pairs of reversible stones were not in general use until about 1860. It is not possible to assign specific dates to any particular type as the use of one type continued long after the next was introduced. We know that the handled boulder was in use at Dunblane in 1551, and nearly a century later Dr. Wm. Guthrie of covenanting fame curled at Fenwick (1620-1665) with a kuting stane. 884 SPORTS AND PASTIMES The dates given with the various exhibits must therefore be taken approximately, and refer to types in general use at that time. A. H. B. CASE 1. 1 KuTiNG Stane or Loofie of Porphyrite, found in the gable wall of an old house in Kincleaven parish, Perthshire. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 2 KuTiNG Stane of Andesite, from Biggar, locally known as a penny stone." Lent by G. Deans Ritchie. 3 Kuting Stane found when clearing out the old curling-stone house at Duddingston Loch. Lent by the Duddingston Curling Club. 4 Kuting Stane found when clearing out the old curling-stone house at Duddingston Loch. Lent by the Duddingston Curling Club. 5 Kuting Stane, used by the Covenanter Dr. Wm. Guthrie, minister of Fenwick parish from 1644 to 1664 : he " used the innocent recreations and exercises which then prevailed, fishing, fowling, and playing upon the ice." Lent by Colonel Crawfurd. 6 Perforated Stone from Houston, supposed to be a Kuting stane. The white chalk marks on the stone indicate the probable position of the hands in throwing the stone. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 7 Kuting Stane of Dolerite, found when demolishing an old house in Doune, Perthshire, which stood on a feu dating from 1664, diameter 8^ ins., weight 14^ lbs. Lent by the Doune Curling Club. 8 Kuting Stane of Dolerite^ found when draining near Galashields. This stone has no finger slot, but has two thumb holes, so that it was suitable for either a right or a left-handed player. Lent by A. G. F. Roberts. 9 Kuting Stane of Dolerite, from Torphichen parish, found when draining the site of an old curling pond, weight 24 lbs. The sole of this stone has been hollowed out, making a special finger slot unnecessary, thus forming a cupped stone with a small bearing, the prototype of the modern curling stone. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 10 Kuting Stane from Bathgate, weight 26 lbs. Very similar to No. 9, but with a more pronounced finger slot. Lent by Dr Kirk. 11 Kuting Stane of oblong shape, with two thumb holes, show- ing that this stone was held by both hands. Lent by the M'Farlane Museum, Smith Institute, Stirling. SOUTH GALLERY 885 12 KuTiNG Stane found, along with a handled stone, when draining a meadow on Hillhead Farm, Machany, Perthshire. This stone is particularly interesting, as it was evidently used at a later date as a handled stone. The hole to receive the handle may still be seen on the upper surface. Lent by Jambs Brtdie. 13 KuTiNG Stane of Porphyrite. A very fine specimen which belonged to the late Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman. It was found amongst the stones of a ruined house near Meigle, weight 33 lbs. Lent by Mrs. Campbell. 14 KuTiNG Stane of Andesite, from the site of an old pond in. Cumbernauld parish, Dumbartonshire. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 15 KuTiNG Stane, the only known dated specimen. Some authorities are of the opinion that the date is not contemporary with the stone, but this does not disprove the stone's antiquity. On the upper side it is inscribed "A Gift," and on the sole "St. Js. B. Stirling 1511." Weight, 26 lbs. Lent by the M'Farlane Museum, Smith Institute, Stirling. 16 Tee Marker from Meikleour, date about 1814. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 17 Tee Marker from Delvine, date about 1800. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 18 Tee Marker from Meigle about 1800. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 19 2 Tee Markers from Blairgowrie. These may originally have been two of a set of skittles or ninepins. 20 The Club Record or Minute Book, commencing January, 1772. Lent by the Coupar- Angus Curling Club. 21 Curling Stirrup, compare with engraving of Harvey's picture "the curlers." Lent by the Ardgowan Curling Club. 22 Pair of straight screw handles about 1840. Lent by Andrew Purdon. 23 Tarbolton Curling Medal made from 2 crown pieces ; and engraved in 1814 by D. Curie, a local weaver. Lent by the Tarbolton Curling Club. 24 Duddingston Curling Club Medal. (See West Gallery, p. 274.) Lent by the Rev. Dr. Hewieson. 25 Medal of the Duddingston Curling Society. Lent by Mrs. Schalak Harkness. 886 SPORTS AND PASTIMES 26 Silver Medal dated 1807 recording the grant of a pond by Francis, Earl of Moray. Lent by the Coupar-Angus Curling Club. 27 Silver Medal dated 14th February, 1772, recording a victory. Lent by the Coupar-Angus Curling Club. 28 Silver Medal dated January, 1772, recording a victory for Blairgowrie and Rattray curlers in a game for a trophy. Lent by the Coupar-Angus Curling Club, 29 Left-handed Curler, about 1820. Lent by the Rev. John Kerr, M.A. 30 Old Cork and Iron Trampit used by the Duddingston Curling Club. Lent by the Duddingston Curling Club. 31 Spiked toe piece to prevent the foot slipping. Lent by the Duddingston Curling Club. 32 Pair of steel handles. These were made in the year of the long frost to permit of a thick woollen glove being worn. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 33 Stirrup from Forfarshire. This was slipped over the forward part of the boot, so that when one foot was on the tricker, the other foot would have a good hold on the ice. This was necessary when the players wore hobnailed boots. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 34 Punch Bowl and Ladle, 1832. Lent by the Delvine Curling Club. 35 Paper dated 1st January, 1750, containing the conditions under which a trophy was to be played for. Lent by the Coupar-Angus Curling Club. 36 Wooden trampit with spiked iron sole. Lent by the Duddingston Curling Club. 37 Wooden trampit with spiked iron sole. Lent by the Duddingston Curling Club. 38 Wood Handle from Duddingston. About 1810. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 39 W^ooD Handle from Fenwick. Note the triangular section of wood where this handle was fixed into the stone. Ihe curler's twist, known as ''wee finger" and "fore finger" was said to have been first practised at Fen- wick. In any case the triangular section would prevent the handle turning in the stone. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 40 Kilsyth" Pattern Handles. About 1830. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. SOUTH GALLERY 887 41 Minute Book of the Tarbolton Curling Club, containing a continuous record of the club from 1814 to date. Lent by the Tarbolton Curling Club. 42 Wooden Shoe Sole, with serrated metal plates on bottom. Lent by the Duddingston Curling Club. 43 Two Ice Boots, having on the sole iron plates with serrated edges. Lent by the Duddingston Curling Club. 44 Handle from Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire. About 1820. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 45 Swan Neck Handle, known as the Falkirk pattern. Lent by the Duddingston Curling Club. 46 Pair Bow or Kettle Handles. About 1840. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 47 Minute Book, dating from 1814. Lent by the Meikleour Curling Club. 48 Curler's Kowe. Lent by the Duddingston Curling Club. 49 Curler's Kowe. Lent by the Duddingston Curling Club. 50 Curler's Kowe. A survival. Compare with brooms shown in print of Harvey's picture, "The Curlers," No. 138. Lent by the Royal Caledonian Curling Club. 51 Fenwick Tricker. About 1816. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 52 Doune Tricker. About 1800. Lent by the Doune Curling Club. 53 Club Snuff Mull. L^j^t by the Delvine Curling Club. 54 Small Stone, weighing 8 lbs., with hole for a wooden handle, probably made for a child. About 1800. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 55 Two Photographs illustrating the probable method of throwing the kuting stane. CURLING STONES OR CHANNEL STANES OF THE BOULDER TYPE. ON PLATFORM— NORTH WALL. 56 Boulder of Granite, with large handle, weighing 129 lbs., found in the curling loch at Gilmerton, near Crieff. Lent by C. J. Makgill Crichton. 57 Boulder Curling Stone, weighing 118 lbs., which belonged to John Hood, Cockburnspath, who died in 1888 at an advanced age. Mr. Hood remembered seeing his father curling with this stone. It was presented by John Wilson of Cockburnspath to the Royal Caledonian Curling Club in 1888, and is now known as the Jubilee Stone. Lent by the Royal Caledonian Curling Club. 888 SPORTS AND PASTIMES 58 Small Triangular Curling Stone found at Blackshields, Mid- lothian. Lent by the Earl of Stair, 59 Granite Boulder of Triangular Section, with Close Handle, from Coupar-Angus. This when found was in use as a paving stone. Weight, 54^ lbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 60 Curling Stone, named "The Egg," from Caputh parish, Perthshire. A perfect specimen of the channel stane. Weight, 115 lbs. Lent by the Delvine Curling Club. 60a Boulder Curling Stone, of average size. Lent by John M. Calder. 61 Roughly-shaped Quartz Boulder, with the remains of iron Goose Neck Handle. Weight, 41| lbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 62 Sugar-loaf-shaped Boulder of Whin, from Kirkpatrick- Juxta parish, with the remains of an Iron Handle. Weight, 17i lbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 63 Curling Stone, known as " The Egg." Weight, 95 lbs. Lent by the Clunie Curling Club. 64 Curling Stone. Weight, 92 lbs. Lent by the Clunie Curling Club. 65 Triangular White Quartz Boulder, from Kirkinch, with Close Handle. This is probably the stone known as "Samson," formerly at Newtyle. Weight, 53^ lbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 66 Egg-shaped Curling Stone, lettered " D. M., 1696," weigh- ing 65 lbs. Lent by the Dunfermline Curling Club. 67 Curling Stone, known as "The Goose," formerly the pro- perty of the Muthill Curling Club. This Stone evidently had a wood and iron handle. Lent by George T. Ewing. 68 Small Water-rolled Boulder Curling Stone from Beith, having the remains of a Metal Handle. Weight, 19| lbs. A fine " channel stane " of unusually small size. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 69 Pair of Wooden Balls, covered with Copper, used in a summer curling game at Morris Hall, Beith, about 1830. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 70 Curling Stone, known as "The Baron." Weight, 88 lbs. Lent by the Delvine Curling Club. 71 Ice Trampit. Lent by the Duddingston Curling Club. SOUTH GALLERY 889 72 Hammer-dressed and well-finished Stone of an oval shape, initialled " D. M.," from Madderty, Perthshire, cupped on sole, having a bearing of 1^ ins. Weight, 43f lbs. In December, 1830, a neatly finished hammer-dressed stone of oblong shape and bearing the date 1611, was found at Strathallan. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 73 Oval Stone, cupped on sole, having | in. bearing, from Kirkinch. Weight, 45| lbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 74 Circular Boulder Curling Stone, a unique specimen, cupped on sole, with f in. bearing. Weight, 49^ lbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 75 Flat Boulder Curling Stone, of rectangular shape, from Galashiels. j^^^^ ^ q -p. Roberts. 76 Egg-shaped Curling Stone of Red Granite. Lent by C. J. Magkill Crichton. 77 Curling Stone, known as the "Fluke." Weight, <^ lbs. Lent by the Coup ar- Angus Curling Club. 78 Boulder Curling Stone of Whin, with close handle of iron, from Meigle. Weight, 64i lbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 79 Small Curling Stone. Lent by C. J. Magkill Crichton. 80 Boulder Curling Stone, known as "Black Meg," weighing 68 lbs. Lent by the Coup ar- Angus Curling Club. 81 Boulder Curling Stone from Muthill. Lent by the Rev. Andrew Mutch. 82 Hammer-dressed Oval Curling Stone, with hole for a wooden Handle. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 83 Triangular Boulder Curling Stone, found in Broughton parish in 1853. Lent by G. Deans Ritchie. 84 Hammer-dressed Triangular Curling Stone from Meigle ; knoAvn as "Grannie." Weight, 101 lbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 85 Hammer-dressed Triangular Curling Stone from Meigle, known as "Grannie." Weight, 110 lbs. Nos. 84 and 85 were called " The Grannies." Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 86 Spherical Curling Stone of Whin, with hole for a metal handle, from Kilpatrick-Juxta parish. Weight, 29 lbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 87 Curling Stone having a three neukit handle and dated 1700. Lettered "M. W. H." Supposed to have belonged to the Rev. Wm. Halley, minister of Muthill, Perthshire. Lent by the Royal Caledonian Curling Club. 890 SPORTS AND PASTIMES CURLING STONES MORE OR LESS CIRCULAR IN SHAPE, USED FROM ABOUT 1750. 88 Curling Stone, known as " Sleeping Maggie," found in a pond near East Kilbride, into which it had been rolled by the farmer's daughter, whose nickname it bore. The handle of this stone was of wood. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 89 Small Circular Curling Stone, similar to the upper stone of a dome-shaped quern. Lent by James M 'Queen. 90 Curling Stone, roughly dressed to a circular shape. Lent by C. J. Magkill Crichton. 91 Circular Whin Boulder Curling Stone from Jackton. This stone had a wooden handle. Weight, 63f lbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 92 Close-handled Stone from Coupar-Angus. Weight, 48^ lbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 93 Boulder Stone, roughly dressed to a circular shape and having a curious handle. This stone, along with No. 96, when found was doing duty as a causeway stone in the old curling house of the Coupar-Angus Curling Club. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 94 Curling Stone from Douglas parish. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 95 Swan-necked Handled Stone from Doune. Weight, 39| lbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 96 Water-worn Boulder, carefully dressed to a circular shape. This type of handle was common in Perthshire. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 97 Curling Stone from Auchterarder. The bar was probably a later addition to the extremely rare ring handle. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 98 Curling Stone from Prestonpans, East Lothian. Lent by Roderick Anderson. 99 Curling Stone from Fenwick parish. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 100 Curling Stone from Kirkinch parish. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 101 Curling Stone from East Kilbride parish. This handle is made from a door hinge. lient by A. Henderson Bishop. 102 Curling Stone from Kilmaurs parish. Compare handle wit^^' those in picture " The Curlers," No. 138. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 103 Small Circular Hammer-dressed Stone from Stewarton. Weight, 14 lbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop, SOUTH GALLERY 891 104 Small Circular Hammer-dressed Stone from Douglas parish. The hole in this stone is cut triangularly to prevent the wood handle twisting. Weight, 15 lbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 105 Small Circular Quartz Stone, probably made for a child. The handle is modern. Lent by Andrew Hope. 106 Hammer-dressed Curling Stone, initialled "R. C." and dated 1781, from Cumbernauld. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 107 Stone, initialled " R. C." This stone was probably made to match No. 106 when pairs of stones came into use about 1840, and the screwed tubes to receive the handles may have been inserted at the same time. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 108 Stone, lettered "J. L.,^' dated 1794, having a removable handle. Lent by Andrew Hope. 109 Curling Stone of the single-soled type, finely carved, and dated 1807. Inscribed Alexa^ Rattary, Cumno. Lent by Wm. Gray. 110 Curling Stone of Quartz, with iron plate on top, from Duddingston, about 1800. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 111 Small Single-soled Stone, with brass plate, engraved " Bailie Martin, Leadhills'^; this stone was known as the "Old Cobbler," and for many years was the first stone to be thrown at the beginning of the curling season. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 112 Curling Stone of a type known as the Pudding Stone. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 113 Tam Samson's Curling Stone. Lent by the Ardgow^an Curling Club. 114 The East Kilbride Cheese, a reversible or double-soled Stone, last played in 1843 by Mr. James Strang of The Peel, Busby, in a parish match on the brother loch, Newton Mearns. At certain times of the year it was used for weighing oatmeal and cheese. Weight, 70 lbs. Lent by Wm. Strang. 115 Small Reversible Stone from Perthshire, date about 1820. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 116 Curling Stone, with screwed tube for handle, known as the Dalmellington pattern. Weight, 52^ lbs. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 117 "The Scone" from Douglas, a hammer-dressed circular re- versible stone. About 1820. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 118 Hammer-dressed Circular Curling Stone from Lochwinnoch, lettered "A. C." and "Garthland." The hole in this stone is in the centre, and the handle was fastened with 892 SPORTS AND PASTIMES the ordinary bolt fastening. It is unlikely that the stone was played as a reversible stone. Lent by Peter M'Kinlay, 119 Hammer-dressed Circular Curling Stone from Lochwinnoch, inscribed "A. Davidson" and "Neptune," 1830. Lent by James Dodds. 120 Hammer-dressed Circular Double-soled Curling Stone, from Lochwinnoch, inscribed " \Vm. Orr " and "The Earl of Buchan." j^^^^ ^ Henderson Bishop. 121 Circular Hammer-dressed Stone, engraved "The Pirate," Jas. Orr, 1831. This stone, along with 118, 119 and 120, show an endeavour to preserve the identity of the stone after they had lost the peculiarity of shape from which, in the days of the boulder stone, they often took their Lent by James Waldron. 122 Two Stones which were played as a pair about 1840. These stones are not a pair in the sense of being identical, but were originally played as single stones about 1800. Lent by J. Gilfillan. 123 Curling Stone, one of a pair which belonged to James Dickie of Horsehill, Fenwick. This stone originally had a wooden handle, and at a later date a screwed tube was inserted for an iron handle, known as the Dalmellington pattern. 'Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 124 Curling Stone, one of a pair used by Sir Walter Scott. Lent by the Bridge of Allan Curling Club. 125 One of a Pair of Single-soled Stones, with fine wooden handle, which was played by Colonel Adam of Tours. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 126 Curling Stone (one of a Pair) from Duddingston. Note close imitation of the wooden handle. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 127 One of a Pair of Single-soled Stones, with remains of wooden handles, given as prize by the Duddingston Curling Society in 1830. Lent by the Duddingston Curling Club. 128 One of a Pair of Stones, lettered "J. F.," from Auchter- arder, Perthshire, about 1830. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 129 One of a Pair of Single-soled Curling Stones (about 1830), from Duddingston. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 130 Curling Stone of Iron, hollow. An unsuccessful experi- ment, about 1850. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 131 One of a Pair of very early Reversible Stones (about 1860), deeply cupped on the drug sole, and having the remains of a swan-neck handle of iron. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. SOUTH GALLERY 893 132 One of a Pair of Reversible Stones, with brass handle, engraved "J. O.," illustrating the stones in use about 1880. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 133 Pair of Up-to-date Red Hone Ailsa Craig Stones (and Handles), cupped for artificial ice. For keen ice the modern practice of the best makers is to give a cup of from five to six inches on the dour sole and somewhat less on the keen, but the important point is the size and entry of the bearing surface, which should be about an eighth of an inch on the dour and about a quarter inch on the keen sole ; increased breadth of bearing gives a stone more running and decreased breadth less running. Lent by A. Kay & Co., Mauchline. ON NOBTE WALL. 134 Flag of the Duddingston Curling Society. Lent by the Duddingston Curling Club. 135 Parish Bonspiel in the Highlands. Lent by the Rev. John Kerr. 136 Oil Painting of Grand Matcn of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club at Linlithgow, 1853, by C. Lees, R.S.A. Lent by the Royal Caledonian Curling Club. 136a Key to above. Lent by David MacRitchie. 137 Engraving of the Grand Match of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club at Linlithgow, by John le Conte, Edin- burgh. Lent by Andrew M' Do wall. 138 Engraving, entitled "The Curlers," from the painting by George Harvey, R.S.A. This engraving represents a game of curling at the end of the 18th or beginning of the 19th century. Compare the shape of stones, and more particularly the handles, with the stones shown. Note the number of players, each playing one stone only, and the stirrups on the boots to prevent slipping. Lent by the Royal Caledonian Curling Club. 139 Strathblane and Meath Moss Trickers. Lent by the Royal Caledonian Curling Club. 140 Doune Trickers. Lent by the Royal Caledonian Curling Club. 141 Waterside, Fenwick, Trickers. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 142 Kirkinch Tricker. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 143 Meikleour Thicker. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 144 Delvine Thicker. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 894 SPORTS AND PASTIMES CASE 1. 145 CuRLEKs' Word, used at the initiation of curlers by the oldest club. Lent by the Kinross Curling Club. ON NORTH WALL. 146 Woodcut of Duddingston Loch, Edinburgh, during the late frost, from a drawing by C. Doyle (1857). Lent by Dr. Gr. H. Fowler. ' ■' Some modern writers have asserted that Scotland has produced more instances of elegant skaters than perhaps any other country whatever, and the institution of a skating club in Edinburgh, about forty years ago, has contributed not a little to the improvement of the amusement." — ''Sports and Pastimes of the English People," by Jos. Strutt, 1801. A. H. B. GOLF. That Golf was a popular game in the 15th century is proved by the Acts of Parliament for its suppression. In March, 1457, it was " decreeted and ordained that wapin- schawingis be halden be the Lordis and Baronis spirituale and temporale, foure times in the zeir, and that the Fute- ball and Golf be utterly cryit doune, and nocht usit ; and that the bowe merkis be maid at ilk paroche kirk a pair of buttis, and schutting be usit ilk Sunday," and thirty-four years later, May, 1491, "that in na place of the realme there be usit Fute-ball, Golfe, or uther sik unprofitabill sportis, but for the commoun gude of the realme, and defence thairof, and that bowis and schutting be hantit, and bow-markes maid therefore ordained in ilk parochin, under the pain of fourtie shillinges, to be raised be the schireffe and baillies foresaid." But golf held its own in spite of Acts of Parliament, and in 1503-4 we find an entry in the Lords High Treasurer's Accounts : 1503-4, Feb. 3rd. Item to the King to play at the Golf with the Erie of Bothuile, ______ xlij s. Item to Golf Clubbis and Ballis to the King that he plavit with, ____-- ix s. 1505-6, Feb": 22. Item for xij Golf Ballis to the King, - - iiij s. 1506, July 18. Item for xviij day of Julij for ij Golf Clubbes to the King, __--_-- ijs. In 1592 the Town Council of Edinburgh made a proclama- tion against playing " at ony pastymes or gammis within or without the toun upoun the Sabboth day, sic as Golf." Again, in 1593, the same Council proclaims that " dy vers inhabitants of this burgh repaires upoun the Sabboth day, to the toun of Leyth, and in tyme of sermonis are sene vagant athort the streets, drynking in tavernis, or other- wayes at Golf, aircherie, or other pastymes upoun the Links, SOUTH GALLERY 895 thairby profaning the Sabboth day." All such are warned to desist, "under the payne of wairding thair persounis quhill thai pay ane unlaw of fourty shillings, and otherwayes be punist in thair persouns at the discreation of the Mages- trates." In 1603 King James VI. appointed William Mayne, ''bower burges of Edinburgh, during all the dayis of his lyif-tyme, clubmaker to his Hienes." In 1618 it being found that no small quantity of gold was transported out of Scotland for buying of golf balls, a patent was granted to W. Bervick, and his associate to furnish the kingdom with golf balls, the price not to exceed four shillings each, and it was forbidden to utter or use balls not made by him. At this time, 1618, Sunday golf was evidently tolerated, but not "in the time of the sermones." We find James VI. on his return to Scotland saying "with our owne eares wee heard the generall complaint of our people, that they were barred from all lawfull recreation and exercise upon the Sundayes afternoone, after the ending of all Divine service, for when shal the common people have leave to exercise, if not upon the Sundayes and holydayes, seeing they must apply their labour, and winne their living in all working dayes?" He rebuked the "precise people," and declared his pleasure to be, "that after the end of divine service, our good people be not disturbed, letted or dis- couraged from any lawfull recreation — such as dauncing, either men or women, archerie for men, leaping, vaulting, or any other such harmless recreation," but prohibited "the said recreations to any that are not present in the church at the service of God before their going to the said recreations." The great Montrose was an enthusiastic golfer, and in May, 1628, was "hard at Golf on the links of St. Andrews," and the following year "he tarried a day at Leith, expend- ing ten shillings for two golf balls." In the household accounts of his father, the fourth Earl, we find an entry : " Six bowstrings to my Lord," - - £0 10 0 " Ane dozen Golff -balls, " - - - - 3 0 0 "Ane stand of claithes to my Lord," - 4 0 0 Tradition has it that Charles I. was playing golf on the Links of Leith when he received the news of the Irish Rebellion in 1642. In the note-book of Sir John Foulis, Bart., occur these entries : Apr. 13, 1672. To the boy who carried my clubs, when my Lord Register and Newbyth was at the Links, ivs. Nov. 19. For Golfe Balls, .- - - - - xii s. Dec. 7. For a Golfe Club to Archie,. - - - vis. In 1724 Alexander Elphinstone played "a solemn match" against Captain Porteous (of the Porteous Riots) for twenty guineas. The following extracts from "British Rural Sports," by Stonehenge, published in 1856, shows how little was known about golf in England at that time : 896 SPORTS AND PASTIMES "The field where the game is played should have a hole in each corner; and if it is more than a quarter of a mile in any of its sides, and that side has an irregularity, it is better to make another hole there. If the ball should fall into a small deep rut or crack in the ground, an iron club is used, which is carried by an attendant ready for such an emergency." "The game is conducted by two sides, each of whom has a ball, and the score depends upon the number of strokes required by each party to drive their ball from hole to hole. A miss scores one for the opposite side." A. H. B. WALL CASE 1, NOBTH WALL. 147 Feather Ball, by Allan Robertson. Lent by H. J. Cooper. 148 Tracking Iron of curious shape. The head is early 18th century, the shaft more recent. Lent by G. R. Fortune. 149 Early 18th century Iron Club Lent by G. R. Fortune. 150 Long Spoon, by G. Forrester, Earlsferry., Lent by George Forrester. 151 Long Spoon, by Willie Dunn. Lent by Andrew Forgan. 152 Short Spoon, about 1797, by Douglas M'Ewan, Musselburgh. Lent by Andrew Forgan. 153 Putter, about 1780, which belonged to the Duke of Athole. Lent by Andrew Forgan. 154 Putter, about 1780, by Jackson, better known as "Old Hundred." Lent by Andrew Forgan. 155 Original Mashie made and named by George Forrester, Earlsferry, in 1874. Lent by George Forrester. 156 The Oldest Set of Golf Clubs (8 clubs). They were dis- covered in a boarded-up cupboard at 160 High Street, Hull, with a paper bearing the date 1741. The house, which has been rebuilt, was for the greater part of the 18th century the residence of a family of burgesses named Maisters. The clubs came into the possession of the present owner through Mr. W. J. Hammond, who got them from Mr. Sykes, the present proprietor of the old mansion. Mr. A. J. Balfour, who has seen the clubs, gives his opinion that they belong to the period of the Stuart kings. Lent by Adam Wood. 157 Sir Thomas Moncrieff's Driver. Lent by Andrew Forgan. 158 Short Spoon, by Douglas M'Ewan. Lent by Andrew Forgan. 159 Putter, by George Morris. Lent by Andrew Forgan. SOUTH GALLERY 897 160 Putter, by Robert Forgan. Lent by Andrew Forgan. 161 Putter, by M'Ewan, used at the opening of the Tantallon Golf Club. Lent by Andrew Forgan. 162 Cleek used by Lieut. Tait in championships. Lent by the Burgess Golf Club. 163 Double-faced Wooden Putter. Lent by the Burgess Golf Club. 164 Philp Driver, Philp Baffy Spoon, and Feather Ball, used by His late Majestv King Edward VII., when Prince of Wales, in his first game of golf (1859). His Majesty was at that time being educated under a special tutor at the Royal High School, Edinburgh. The game was played on the Musselburgh Golf Links. Lent by Roderick Anderson. 165 Driver, by M'Ewan (about 1840). Lent by the Burgess Golf Club. 166 Spoon, probably by James M'Ewan (about 1780). Lent by the Burgess Golf Club. 167 Putter, by Philp. Lent by the Burgess Golf Club. 168 Sand-iron, by Carrick, Musselburgh. Lent by the Burgess Golf Club. 169 Wooden Club, about 1810. Lent by Robert Forgan & Sons. 170 Wooden Club, about 1810. Lent by Robert Forgan & Sons. 171 Wooden Club, about 1810. Lent by Robert Forgan & Sons. 172 Iron Club, about 1810. 173 Iron Club, about 1810. 174 Iron Club, about 1810. Lent by Robert Forgan & Sons. Lent by Robert Forgan & Sons. Lent by Robert Forgan & Sons. 175 Left-handed Spoon, by R. Forgan, formerly belonging to Thomas Robertson, St. Andrews, better known as "Kill the Cuddie," from his having accidentally killed a donkey with his golf ball on the Musselburgh Links. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 2f 898 SPORTS AND PASTIMES 176 Wooden ''Niblick," by R. Forgan, with stamp, Prince of Wales feathers ; used also for approaching before intro- duction of the mashie. Forgan made the first set of clubs for King Edward VII., when in 1863, as Prince of Wales, His Majesty played at St. Andrews, and was captain of the Royal and Ancient Club there. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 177 Putter, by H. Philp, used and severally owned by "Old" Tom Morris and his sons, "Jimmie'' and "Young Tom." Philp's clubs were made and in great demand in the early part of the 19th century, and have been exten- sively imitated in consequence, but genuine heads are always of applewood or thorn, never of beech. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 178 Cleek, made by Carrick, and used by Bob Ferguson when he won the Championship three years in succession — 1880, 1881, and 1882. Shaft stamped " T. G. W.," being the initials of a well-known player at St. Andrews who pur- chased the cleek from Ferguson for £1, but afterwards returned it as being "no better than his own." Lent by Harry B. Wood. 179 MiD-iRON, patented by Anderson, Edinburgh, about 1870. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 180 " Jno. Gray" Cleek, 1865-1870. Note the curious and un- common " grip." Lent by Harry B. Wood. 181 Tom Morris' Favourite Approaching Cleek, used throughout his career. Lent by T. Morris. 182 Last Driver used by Tom Morris. 183 Young Tom's favourite Driver. Lent by T. Morris. Lent by T. Morris. 184 A Hugh Philp Driver used by Tom Morris. Lent by T. Morris. 185 Young Tom Morris' Driver. Lent by T. Morris. 186 Hugh Philp Long-spoon, used by Tom Morris. Lent by T. Morris. 187 Young Tom Morris' Mid-spoon, from his Championship set. Lent by T. Morris. 188 J. 0. F. Morris' Putter. Lent by T. Morris. 189 Andrew Strath's Putter (champion 1865). Lent by T. Morris. SOUTH GALLERY 899 190 Young Tom Morris' Wooden Putter, used in Championships 1868, 1869, 1870 and 1872. Lent by T. Morris. 191 Tom Morris' Putter. Lent by T. Morris. 192 Allan Robertson's Putter. Lent by T. Morris. 193 Three Feather Balls in a modern net bag, similar to bags at one time used by golfers to carry balls. Lent by the Right Hon. the Earl of Wemyss. 194 Two Feather Balls. Lent by J. J. W. Lamb. 195 Four Feather Balls— 1755, 1800, 1812, 1824. Lent by the Burgess Golf Club. 196 Three Feather Balls. Lent by Adam Wood. 197 Feather Ball (1834). Lent by Harry B. Wood. 198 Feather Midget (1835). Lent by Harry B. Wood. 199 Hand-hammered Gutta, stamped " G. G.," used by Mr. George Glennie. who held the record (88) of St. Andrews for many years. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 200 Early Type of Gutta Ball. Lent by Adam Wood. 201 Hand-hammered Gutta (1850). A smooth surface ball would not fly well. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 202 "Allan Robertson," 1816-1859. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 203 Hand-hammered Red Gutta. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 204 "Thornton Flying Scotsman." Lent by Harry B. Wood. 205 "William Park, Jr.," 1896. Lent by Harry B. Wood 206 Machine Gutta (red throughout). Lent by Harry B. Wood. 207 Brand's Patent Celluloid Pneumatic. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 900 SPORTS AND PASTIMES 208 Sturrock's Face-covered Gutta. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 209 Haskell Ball. One of the earliest robber-cored balls. Lent by Adam Wood. 210 Feather Balls, by T. Morris, W. and J. Gourlay, Allan, Stewart, and T. Alexander, and one used by Allan Robertson. Lent by Roderick Anderson. 211 Metal Mould, showing mode of producing and marking gutta balls, about 1895. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 212 Mould, used by Robert Forgan about 1855 for making smooth gutta balls, which were afterwards hand- hammered. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 213 Tin Sconce, used for holding candles in the workshop of Robt. Forgan, St. Andrews, before the introduction of gas. The sconce was fixed into any adjoining wood- work conveniently situated. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 214 Oaken Cup inserted into a hole in the working bench. The smooth gutta ball was placed in this cup and turned as required for tne purpose of being "hand-hammered,'' with a chisel-headed hammer. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 215 Engraving of the Hon. Duncan Forbes of Keith, late Pre- sident of the Court of Session, first captain of the Gentlemen Golfers, 1744. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 216 Engraving of James Balfour, Esq., Secretary and Treasurer of the Edinburgh Company of Golfers, 1793. By desire of the Company. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 217 Portrait of Young Tom Morris. At the age of sixteen "Young Tom" played against and defeated ali-comers, amateurs and professionals, in a tournament at Car- noustie. After this he gave the most brilliant display of golf ever known, and became the champion, not only in name but in reality. He won the Prestwick Belt outright by winning it three consecutive times — 1868, 1869, and 1870, and when, after an interval of one year, a challenge cup was substituted, he won that also. In 1869 he holed St. Andrews link, then more difficult than now, in the wonderful score of 77. The particulars are round the photograph. Lent by T. Morris. 218 Regulations of the Society of Golfers of Aberdeen, 1783. Lent by the Aberdeen Golf Club. SOUTH GALLERY 901 FLOOB CASE. 219 The Contents of this Case are fairly representative of the implements with which the game has been played within the last three centuries. What is probably the oldest of the Clubs is marked " A. D.," the initials of Andrew Dickson, a club maker, of Leith, who, according to Tytler of Woodhouselee, had acted as forecaddie to the Duke of York when the future James Vll. played on Leith Links in 1681-82. Another Club bears the name of Simon Ceaser, also of Leith, who flourished about 1760. Up till 1810 wooden clubs were not varnished, but were protected from damp by being covered with keel, as are several of the examples in this case. The size, weight, and conformation of the two older Iron Clubs indicate that they are of 18th century workmanship. From a very early period in the history of the game the ball used had a leather cover, into which a top- hatful of feathers was stuffed, so that a ball of equal size was apj)roximately of the same weignt as the guttas, by which they were superseded in 1848. The marking in the earlier guttas was effected by hand-hammering. About 1885 the guttas made and marked by hand came into use. ±n the early 90's the balls were marked in moulds. These in turn were superseded by rubber-cored balls, which were first recognised by the rulers of the game in the Open Championship of 1902. Examples of these Balls are shown in the Case. — A. H. B. The Case, amongst other articles, contains : 1. Driving Putteh, by James M'Ewan, Edinburgh, 1780. 2. Mid-spoon, by Ballantyne, Musselburgh, 1810. 3. Driver, by Peter M'Ewan, Edinburgh, 1810. 4. Mid-spoon, by James Wilson, St. Andrews, 1860. 5. Cleek, 18th century. Maker unknown. 6. Driver, by A. Dickson, Leith, 1670 and 1740. 7. Iron, 18th century. Maker unknown. 8. Driver, by Simon Ceaser, Leith. 9. Iron, by John Gray, Prestwick, 1870. 10. Driver, by Peter M'Ewan, 1810. 11. Baffy, by James Wilson, St. Andrews, 1850-60. 12. Mid-spoon, by John Jackson, Perth, used by Bob Andrews, Perth, prior to 1865. 13. Driver, by James M'Ewan, 1770-75. 220 The most interesting Relics in this case are the Head of a 17th century Iron, an Iron Club (with shaft), and a 17th century Driver and Iron, which are believed to have belonged to James VII. The Club Cup, presented by Mr. Thomas M'Millan of Shorthope, in 1774. A silver medal, bearing the name of the winner, is annually added to the cluster now on 902 SPORTS AND PASTIMES the lid. ''Jupiter" Carlyle, tlie then distinguished minister of Inveresk, won this cup in 1775. The Connaught Diamond Jubilee Cup. This valued gift was presented to the club in 1897 by H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, the club's honorary president. Silver Putter and 34 Silver Balls, with names of winners. The putter was presented to the Musselburgh Golf Club by William Stevenson Purvis, 1876, and it is inscribed " signeus ante fvi sed, nunc, argentus EXSTO PERPETUUM FELIX ACCIPE VICTOR OPUS." Among other articles which call for particular notice is an ancient Hole-cutter, inscribed Musselburgh Golf Club and dated 1774, and an interesting series of Feather Balls, three of which are cut and show the thickness of the leather cover. ON NORTH WALL. 221 Photograph of Old AVillie Park. Lent by the Burgess Golfing Society. 222 Photograph of Tom Morris. Lent by the Burgess Golfing Society. 223 "The Stymie," by J. C. Dolman. Lent by the Fine Art Society, London. 224 Oil Painting of Caddie Willie. Lent by the Burgess Golfing Society. 225 " During the time of the Sermonses," by J. C. Dolman, R.I. Lent by the Preston Corporation. 226 Pastel of John Campbell, by R. Hutchinson. Lent by the Burgess Golfing Society. 227 Pastel of John Carey, better known as ''Fiery," by R. G. Hutchinson. Lent by the Burgess Golfing Society. 228 Pastel of Bob Ferguson, by R. G. Hutchinson. Lent by the Burgess Golfing Society. 229 Extracts from two Acts of Parliament against Golf, 1457 and 1490. Lent by the Burgess Golfing Society. 230 Portrait of William St. Clair. William St. Clair was the first Grand Master of the Grand Lodge in Scotland, and captain of the Honourable Company of Golfers in 1771. He was such an expert golfer that he was believed by the common people to be a practiser of the black arts. Lent by the Rev. John Kerr. 231 Photograph of Professional Players at the Golf Tournament on Leith Links, 17th May, 1867. Lent by the Burgess Golfing Society. 232 Water Colour, Procession of the Silver Club, 1793. In March, 1744, the city of Edinburgh provided a Silver Club to be played for by the golfers SOUTH GALLERY 903 of Great Britain or Ireland. Every victor was to append a gold or silver piece to the club, and to be called Captain of the Golf, and "on no pre- tence whatsoever shall the city of Edinburgh be put to any sort of expense upon account of the playing for the said club annually except to intimate by tuck of drum through the city the day upon which it will be annually played for, and to send the Silver Club to Leith on the morning of the match." Lent by the Burgess Golfing Society. 233 Photograph of Willie Dunn. Lent by the Burgess Golfing Society. 234 Portrait of Allan Robertson. "The greatest golf player that ever lived, of whom alone in the annals of the pastime it can be said that he never was beaten. Born at St. Andrews on 11th Sep- tember, 1815." — Obituary notice in the Dundee Adver- tiser, Sept., 1859. Lent by Rev. John Kerr. 235 Copperplate Print of the "Cock of the Green." "The Cock o' the Green," as Alexander M'Kellar was called, was a well-known figure on Bruntsfield Links, where he generally spent the whole of the day, and was often to be seen playing "at the short holes by lamplight." It was said that his golf-hating wife as a practical jest carried his dinner and his night-cap to the links, but M'Kellar, too good-natured to notice the satire, re- marked that "she cou'd wait if she likit till the game was dune, but at present he had no time for refresh- ment." Lent by the Burgess Golfing Society. 236 Original Plate of " The Cock of the Green," from Kay's Portraits. Lent by the Burgess Golfing Society. 237 Photograph of John W. Paterson, generally recognised as the inventor of the gutta-percha golf ball. Lent by Robert Forgan & Sons. Golfer from a Cathedral window. Lent by Rev. John Kerr. 238 Plate, entitled Alexander, afterwards first Lord Macdonald of the Isles, driving a ball from the tee. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 239 Plate, entitled John Carey, "Fiery." Lent by Harry B. Wood. 240 Edinburgh in 1798, from Bruntsfield Links. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 241 Plate No. 27, from "Golf Curios and the Like," showing medals of the Kingsbarns Golfing Society, Fife. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 904 SPORTS AND PASTIMES 242 Plate 29, from ''Golf Curios and the Like," showing medal of the Edinburgh Burgess Golfing Society, 1853. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 243 Plate No. 30, from "Golf Curios and the Like," showing replica of gold medal presented to the Royal Perth Golfing Society by the Duke of Buccleuch in 1838. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 244 Oil Painting, ''A Stymie for the King," by Allan Stewart. Lent by the Fine Art Society, London. 245 St. Andrews, 1850. Lent by Harry B. Wood. CASE 2. 246 Fishing Rod, tin hollow butt, top pieces tipped with whale bone, used on Tweedside, about 1830. Lent by George MacDougal. 247 Folding Gaff, with slip rings, early 19th century. Lent by G. Deans Ritchie. 248 Gaff, late 18th century. Lent by G. Deans Ritchie. 249 Folding Gaff with spring lock, late 18th century. Lent by G. Deans Ritchie. 250 Creel, or Fisher's Basket, found in 18th century thatched cottage in Dalmellington parish. Lent by the Rev. George S. Hendrie. 251 Fishing Reel of Wood, with hole to pass butt of rod through, 18th century. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 252 Fishing Reel of Wood, with hole to pass butt of rod through, 18th century. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 253 Fishing Reel of Wood, with hole to pass butt of rod through 18th century. Lent by Duncan Forbes. 254 Fishing Reel of Wood, with bolt fastening, 18th century. Lent by Duncan Forbes. 255 Fishing Reel of Wood and Metal, early 19th century. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 256 Fishing Reel of Wood, early 19th century. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 257 Fishing Reel of Brass, which was laced to the rod, about 1840. Lent by Wm. Robertson. be ® 5 b/j . c c 5 X s c/; c/: •5 55 " 2^ j5 P g S - ^ H ^ i ^ O o a 1^ ^ z o ^ 5 ? 3 s c« < ^ K E SOUTH GALLERY 905 258 Multiple-winding Reel of Brass, with slip ring fastening, about 1850. Lent by Wm. Robebtson. 259 Fishing Reel of Brass, clamp ring fastening. Lent by Wm. Robertson. 260 Fishing Reel, which belonged to Sir Walter Scott. Lent by Mrs. Campbell of Dunstaffnage. 261 Salmon Spear which belonged to Sir Walter Scott, made to screw into a gaff stick or butt of rod. Lent by Mrs. Campbell of Dunstaffnage. 262 Small Fishing Reel, Brass and Iron, inscribed "James Dalglish, 1773." Lent by the Dr. Grierson Museum. 263 Fishing Reel (with hair line), with bolt fastening, 18th century. Lent by Sir Basil Montgomery. 264 Iron Fishing Reel, with bolt and screw fastening, about Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 265 Large Wood and Metal Reel, early 19th century. Lent by Chas. E. Whitelaw. 266 Horse Hair Fishing Line, a survival. These lines are still used in outlying parts of the border counties. Lent by Wm. Robertson. 267 Casting Line of Hair, a survival, from Tiree. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 268 Set of Drag Hooks, these were used (ostensibly) to free the hook when it got fast in weeds, etc. Lent by G. Deans Ritchie. 269 Missal, about 14th century, found at Carnwath, Lanark- shire, used as a fishing book. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 270 Fishing Flies and Baits. Lent by the MacFarlane Museum, Smith Institute, Stirling. 271 Buttons of the EUem Fishing Club, Duns. Worn on dinner dress coat and vest, 1850. Lent by James MacDougall. 272 Artificial Minnow of Pewter. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 273 Artificial Minnow of Pewter, having large hook of iron. Lent by Elgin and Morayshire Literary Society. 274 Spinning Jenny for making hair lines. Lent by the Marquis of Bute. 275 Salmon Spears. 906 SPORTS AND PASTIMES COCKFIGHTING. CocKFiGHTiNG was probably introduced here by the Romans, who learned it from the Greeks. Fitz Stepnen in the 12th century describes it as a sport of schoolboys on Shrove Tuesday. Brand, a writer of the 18th century, says this custom "was retained in many schools in Scotland within the last century, and perhaps may be still in use there, the schoolmasters claiming the runaway cocks as their perquisites, and these were called f ugees " (refugees). As late as 1790 the income of the schoolmaster of Applecross in Ross-shire was formally said to be composed of "salary, fees, and cockfighting dues." Hugh Miller in "My Schools and Schoolmasters" gives an account of the yearly cock- fight in the Grammar School of Cromarty about 1812. Artificial spurs were then probably unknown. Mains or tournaments for large stakes were frequently fought, and matches between two cocks for five or ten guineas were common. The "Welsh" main consisted, say, of sixteen pairs of cocks ; of these the sixteen conquerors were pitted a second time ; the eight conquerors of these were pitted a third time ; the four conquerors the fourth time, and lastly the two conquerors of these were pitted the fifth time; so that thirty-one cocks were sacrificed. In preparation for battle the natural spurs were cut to about half an inch, and metal spurs (preferably of silver, as these perhaps gave the wounded bird a better chance of recovery) were attached by a leather band and fine lashings. The hackle and saddle feathers were cut close, the points of the wing feathers removed, and the tail cut square. The comb and wattles were cut when the bird was in its first year. The fighting weight of a cock ranged from 3^ to 4^ lbs. 275 Late 18th century Silver Cup given as a trophy at a cock fighting tournament held in Falkirk. The engraving on this is recent. Lent by Mrs. S. W. Johnstone. 276 Battle fought at Halfway House, near Arbroath, between Pile and Ginger, "Pile" was brought from England to thrash Scotland, but " Ginger " (owned by Marshall, Arbroath) beat Pile although he got his leg broken early in the fight. A. H. B. Lent by Ernest Grant. 277 Natural Spurs or " Bogsides.' Lent by Ernest Grant. 278 " Steel Heels " for a fighting cock. Lent by Ernest Grant. 279 Pair of Steel Spurs Lent by Wm. Provan. 280 Cockfighting Spurs Lent by Andrew Forgan. SOUTH GALLERY 907 281 Natural Spurs. Lent by Andrew Forgan. 281a Lithograph of an old jug showing print entitled "Ready for Action." Lent by the Editor of "Country Life." 282 Letter relating to cockfighting. Lent by A. Nicol Simpson. 283 Letter relating to cockfighting and foxhunting. Lent by A. Nicol Simpson. FALCONRY. In the sixth century the Roman Britons had arrived at much dexterity in the management of falcons. Kenneth III., 970 to 994, to reward the signal services in the battlefield performed by a yeoman named Hay, and his two sons, "gave them so much land on the river Tay as a falcon from a man's hand flew over till it settled, which being six miles in length the track was afterwards called Errol, and now forms the patrimonial estate of the Earl of Errol, whose Coat of Arms as directed by Kenneth consists of three escutcheons, Gules, to intimate that this trio were three fortunate shields of Scotland, with a falcon for a crest, and two ploughmen as supporters." The Exchequer Roll of 1264 records a sum of money paid to William de Hemwyl for falcon supplies, this William being falconer to Alexander III. Strutt, writing in 1801, tells us that "in the eighth year of the rei^n of King Edward III., the King of Scotland sent to him a falcon gentle as a present, which he not only most graciously received, but rewarded the falconer who brought it with the donation of forty shillings, a proof of how highly the bird was valued It is further stated that in the reign of James I., Sir Thomas Monson gave one thousand pounds for a cast of hawks." In 1500 the King of Scots paid one hundred rose nobles to the Earl of Angus for a falcon. Ossian tells us that an attempt was made to procure peace by the proffer of one hundred managed steeds, one hundred foreign captives, and " one hundred hawks with fluttering wings, that fly across the sky." In the fifteenth century some severe enactments were made to punish any offenders found guilty of robbing the nests of hawks or destroying the birds themselves, and those who protected them "sail have thankes and favouris of our Soverane Lord as effeiris." Until the reign of King John of England, falconry was exclusively a sport of the nobility, and the common people were forbidden to keep hawks, severe penalties being enacted against those who disobeyed. 908 SPORTS AND PASTIMES Caparison of a Hawk. — When a hawk was not flying at her game she was usually hoodwinked with a cap or hood provided for that purpose. ... All hawks taken upon the fist had straps of leather, called jesses, put about their legs. The jesses were made sufficiently long for the knots to appear between the middle and the little fingers of the hand that held them, so that the lunes or small thongs of leather might be fastened to them with tyrrits or rings; and the lunes were loosely wound round the little fingers; lastly, their legs were adorned with bells, fastened with rings of leather, each leg having one. The leathers were denomi- nated bewits : and to the bewits were added the creance or long thread by which the bird in tutoring was drawn back after she had been permitted to fly. This was called reclaiming the hawk. — Strutt, 1801. A. H. B. 284 Hawking Lure given by James VI. in 1596 to James of Posso (Peebleshire) on appointing him his falconer. Lent by Chambers Institute, Peebles. 285 Falcon's Hood in Cuir bouille, ornamented with silver thread and a few seed pearls, inside is the following inscription: "This hood presented by James IV. of Scotland to Malcolm Fleming of Barochan (in Renfrew- shire) as a memorial of a Barochan tiercel beating the King's falcon. The precious stones which adorned this hood were stolen in the year 1600." The Flemings of Barochan held the honorary post of " Falconer to the King" in Scotland, in virtue of which Malcolm Fleming of Barochan was present at the coronation of George IV., accompanied by his falconer, John Anderson, carry- ing a tiercel on his wrist. See picture No. 292. Lent by Captain Fleming Hamilton. 286 Merlin's Hood with tuft of feathers, used by Malcolm Fleming of Barochan about the year 1800. Lent by Captain Fleming Hamilton. 287 Two Hawk's Hoods used by Alexander, fourth Duke of Gordon. Lent by George Muirhead. 288 Set of 15 Buttons from a hawking coat, with appropriate design of a hawk killing a heron, formerly the property of the Flemings of Barochan. Lent by Captain Fleming Hamilton. 289 Hawking Call or Whistle, carved from a solid piece of ivory and adorned with a grotesque head. Formerly the property of the Flemings of Barochan. Lent by Captain Fleming Hamilton. 290 Gold Bell, formerly attached, with five others, to a hawk's hood, and worn by a hawk exchanged by George IV. with Mr. Fleming of Barochan. (Attached to gold bracelet for safety.) Lent by Mrs. L. E. Menzies. SOUTH GALLERY 909 291 Hood used in breaking or taming the hawk to the hand, and to blind her when not flying at her quarry. Lent by Karl Mollen. 292 Hood used in breaking or taming the hawk to the hand, and to blind her when not flying at her quarry. Lent by Karl Mollen. 293 Bells, modern, which are constantly attached to the legs of the hawk, by the pieces of leather called Bewits, for the purpose of finding her vv^hen she is at large. Lent by Karl Mollen. 294 Leashes, modern, for confining the hawk. These are attached to the Jesses by a swivel and can be immedi- ately unhooked when the game is on the wing. Lent by Karl Mollen. 295 Lures, modern, used to entice the hawk back to the wrist 296 after an unsuccessful flight, or to save the game from the talons of its devourer. Lent by Karl Mollen. 297 Falconer's Bag. Lent by Karl Mollen. The articles connected with Hawking lent by Karl Mollen, although modern, illustrate typical falconry apparatus as used in Scotland for centuries. ON NORTH WALL. 298 Portrait of Colonel James Thornton. Lent by Captain Fleming Hamilton. 299 Wooded Landscape with portrait group, Mr. Malcolm Fleming of Barochan on horseback, accompanied by his Falconer, John Anderson, who holds a falcon on his Avrist from which he is taking its quarry ; in the foreground John Harvey, an assistant, seated, with other falcons. In the distance on a slight eminence is seen the Old Tower of Barochan. Oil. By J. Howe, Edinburgh, about 1810. Engraved by C. Turner, London, under the title of "Hawking." Lent by Captain Fleming Hamilton. 300 Portrait of Mr. John Anderson, falconer at Barrochan, Renfrewshire, as he appeared at the Coronation of His Majesty George IV., July 19th, 1821. Lent by Sir C. Bine Renshawe. 301 Lithograph, "Goshawk stooping at a rabbit." Lent by the Editor of "Country Life." 302 Lithograph, "On the Pole Cadge." Lent by the Editor of "Country Life." 303 Lithograph, "Gerfalcon casting off." Lent by the Editor of "Country Life." 304 Lithograph, "A soaring Goshawk." Lent by the Editor of "Country Life." 910 SPORTS AND PASTIMES 305 Lithograph, "A Modern Falconer." Lent by the Editor of "Country Life." CASE 2. 306 Ticket used at the Eglinton Tournament, Eglinton Castle, Ayrshire, 1839. Lent by D. Gilmour. 307 Chessmen of the time of George II., which belonged to Sir Walter Scott. They include a King and Queen, Rook, Bishops, Knight and Pawns. Lent by the Corporation of Edinburgh. 308 Domino Box of bone, with figures in costumes of 1790, carved by French prisoners. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 309 Handball played in the famous match at Carterhaugh, Selkirk, at which Sir Walter Scott was present. This ball had a deer's head of orange silk on it. The Buck being the Duke of Buccleuch's crest, it was more than likely it was flung up by a lady of the family. Lent by Tom Scott, F.S.A. (Scot.) 310 Pair of Cup Sticks for the ancient cup and ball game. Lent by Mrs. M. D. Black. 311 Jedburgh Handball. — From time immemorial the game of handball has been played on Candlemas Day in the streets of Jedburgh between the "Tippies" and " Doonies." On Queen Victoria's funeral day this festival was, by mutual consent, not held, and this ball handed by the "King" to the Provost for preservation in the Museum is the only ball never played. Lent by the Jedburgh Museum. 312 Prize Bow given by the St. Ronan's Border Club, won by W. A. Foster, 29th October, 1830. Lent by W. Foster. 313 Snuff Mull with hand-painted miniature. A prize given by Lord Blythswood at the Renfrew races. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. TENNIS. Tennis, though probably of French origin, became domesticated in Scotland. The three balls shewn were found among the accumulated dust in a window high up in the wall of the Tennis Court at Falkland Palace, where doubtless they had lodged during a game. These balls were of leather stuffed with hair, "In former times they SOUTH GALLERY 911 played with the naked hand, then with a glove, which in some instances was lined ; afterwards they bound cords and tendrons round their hands to make the balls rebound more forcibly and hence the racket derived its origin." " Essais Historiques sur Paris," St. Foix. A form of hand tennis, or fives, was played by the Scots weavers, the bail being made of cloth ends rolled into a hard ball steeped in butter-milk and allowed to dry. The sum of £20 was paid to John Webb, Master of His Majesty's Tennis plays for his attendance m teaching the young duke, afterwards Charles I., to play tennis, and providing him with balls and rackets for the year ending Michaelmas, 1610. A. H. B. 314 Three 17th Century Tennis Balls, probably made of leather stuffed with hair. These were found on the sill of a high window in the tennis court at Falkland Palace. Lent by Lord Ninian Crichton Stewart. 315 Lithograph of Engraving, entitled "The High Borne Prince James Duke of Yorke, borne October 13th, 1633." QUOITING. 316 The Ballochniyle Silver Quoit, presented by Claude Alex- ander, Esq., of Ballochmyle to the Mauchline Quoiting Club for competition amongst Ayrshire clubs. Lent by the Mauchline Quoiting Club. 317 Original Box of the Ballochmyle Quoit. Lent by Wm. McNair. 318 Pair of Quoits, first quarter of tlie 19tn century. Lent by James Deans. 319 Quoit, first quarter of the 19th century. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. BULLETING. Bulleting or Hinchy was played on the public road with a ball of stone or iron, weighing from 12 ozs. to 2 lbs. The players endeavoured to reach a "hail" or goal in the minimum number of throws. The distance traversed was from two to three miles. Accidents to users of the road were so frequent, that the game was suppressed. A. H. B. 320 Stone Balls for the game of Hinchy. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 321 Hinchy Ball of Iron. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 912 SPORTS AND PASTIMES 322 Hinchy Ball of Iron. Lent by Mrs. Robt. Deans. BOWLS. In Scotland at a very early period bowls were played. James IV. played " lang-bowles ' in 1497 at St. Andrews. The Scots Parliament in 1681 proposed, but unsuccessfully, an Act against Mr Fountain's gift as "Master of the Revels" by which he levied a tax on every bowling-green and "Kyle-Alley." In 1662 Haddington had a green, Glasgow had one in 1695, and Edinburgh possessed five in 1742. In Scotland the game was always in better repute than in England, where, between the reigns of Richard II. and George II., legislation was against it and public meetings generally. A. H. B. 323 Pair of Bowls about 1780. Lent by Harris. 324 Pair of Bowls about 1740. Lent by John S. Napier. 325 Collapsible Leather Drinking Cup which, along with a " cleek " (walking stick), "horn and glass," constituted the " permanent paraphalia " of the Hamilton Nut Club. The Hamilton Nut Club was a species of rambling club instituted in 1764, and continued until the year 1851. Lent by Mrs. Thomas Henderson. 326 Small Stone Net Sinker with incised line to prevent cord slipping. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 327 EiSH Hook of Bronze found on a West Scottish prehistoric site probably of the early iron age. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 328 Draughtsman of Black Wood, turned up by a plough on the farm of W. Fleugh, Wigtonshire, and having on the back three small deep holes. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 329 Long Rectangular Dice of bone found in Orkney. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 330 Two Sets of Glaikes (modern), a form of puzzle of iron bars and rings, kept in blacksmiths' shops to amuse waiting customers. Lent by the McFarlane Museum, Smith Institute, Stirling. SOUTH GALLERY 913 ON NOBTH WALL. 331 ' •' Archeiiy/ ' reproduced from a 14th century manuscript. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 332 Lithograph of Archery Meeting at Kelvingrove House. Lent by John Reid. 333 Engraving of Archery Medals of the Grammar School of Aberdeen by Alexander J. S. Brook. Lent by the Aberdeen Grammar School. 334 Picture Group of Mr. John Donald, Tandlemuir, Renfrew- shire, in tiie act of slipping two favourite greyhounds, viz. : — "Major," the property of the then Right Hon. the Earl of Eglinton and Winton, and " Gilbertfield," the property of A. Graham, Esq. The figure on horse- back is that of the then Sir John Maxwell, Bart, of Pollok, on whose estate the scene depicted took place. Painted by William Wallace, R.S.A. Lent by Wm. J. A. Donald. 335 Lithograph, Wilkinson slipping." Lent by the Editor of "Country Life." 336 Portrait of "Johnnie Walker," a famous fighting cock. Lent by Ernest Grant. 337 Two Prints, illustrating the Carousel, Tilting. Lent by the Editor of "Country Life." 338 Illustrations from 14th century manuscripts, entitled "Chess and Tables." Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 339 Pack of Children's Playing Cards. Lent by Mrs. E. Neville Jackson. 340 Two Tilting Spears used at the Eglinton tournament. Lent by the Town Council of Irvine. 341 Tilting Spear, broken by Sir Charles Lamb, knight- marshal of the lists at the Eglinton tournament, 1839. Lent by the Town Council of Irvine. 342 Three Krazies or Beacons for "black water fishing" (used for lighting up the water at night when spearing salmon). Lent by the Chambers Institute, Peebles. 343 Three Salmon Spears or Leisters. Lent by T. Craig Brown. 344 Head of Four-pronged Leister with socket for handle, used for striking fish, which belonged to Jas. Smith of Kildrummy, Aberdeenshire, 1809-1893. Lent by Aberdeen University. 914 SPORTS AND PASTIMES ON FLOOB. 345 Jockey Weighing Machine, used at the Dunaincroy Horse Races. Lent by the Elgin Museum. ON NOBTH WALL. 346 LiTHOGKAPH from a 14th century manuscript, "A Game of Tables" (Backgammon). Lent by the Editor or " Country Life." CASE 2. 347 Three Stoneware Balls for the game of "Carpet Bowls." Lent by J. Cochrane. 348 Part of a Pack of Playing Cards, date 1691. Lent by the Lyon Office. ON NOBTH WALL. 4ul The Horn of Leys (on Wall). It is made of ivory, fluted, with four bands of gilt round it, the two centre ones containing a carbuncle and three pieces of crystal. Attached to it is a scarf or baldric of green silk, tasselled, apparently of the time of Charles II. It has been from time immemorial in the possession of the family of Burnett, and is believed to be a horn of service. It figures prominently in the arms of the family. Cornage or the service of a horn was amongst the various methods in use for the conveyance of land in England as far back as the reign of Edward the Con- fessor, and it is not impossible that the Horn of Leys may have been somewhat of the same character as the English charter and other horns, some of which are still in existence. Amongst others in England there are the well-known Horn of Vlphus, the Horn of Pusey, the Horn at the Cathedral of Carlisle, the Horn of Tutbury and the Borstal Horn, the latter being borne in the arms of the family in the same manner as the Horn of Leys in the Burnett coat. From the facts that the lands of Leys were in 1324 gifted by King Robert the Bruce to Alexander Burnard, that he was the first Custodian of the I^orest of Denm, as well as from the arms and supporter of the family, it seems reasonable enough to believe that the tradition regarding the origin of the Horn of Leys is founded on fact, and that it is a Horn of Service, and that it may have been the instrument of sasine to the land of Leys. SOUTH GALLERY 915 The original charters (from the early part of the 14th century) to the lands of Leys are still in possession of the Burnett family, and the Horn, if an instrument of sasine, would therefore be ot the same date. A. H. B. Lent by 402 Dumfries Siller Gun (on wall) " presented by James VI. of Scotland to the seven incorporated trades at Dumfreis," the stock is comparatively modern, the barrel having originally been mounted as a small cannon. Compare with the Siller Gun of Kirkcudbright of the same date in the case with other trophies. Lent by the Town Council of Dumfries. CASE 3. 403 The Lanark Bell. — Tradition has it that the Lanark Bell was given by King William the Lion (1165 to 1214) to the Royal Burgh of Lanark for the races there. It bears four marks, the first being the monogram of the maker, Robert Denneistoun or Danielstoun, who was admitted a freeman of the Edinburgh Goldsmiths in April 23rd, 1597, the second and third marks, which are believed to be unique in old Scotch plate, denote the quality of the silver : xj-deniers, and the fourth mark, the monogram "H.L." is that of Henry Lindsay, who, like his brother craftsman, was a freeman of the Edinburgh Goldsmiths. The only shield boasting any antiquity is engraved with this inscription : " vin. be. me. sir : oohne. HAMILTON. OF. TRABRovN. 1628," and On the other side the winner's coat of arms. The stand is modern. Lent by the Town Council of Lanark. 404 The Paisley Bells. — Early 17tli century bells. The larger is referred to in the Records of the Town Council of Paisley, April 27th, 1608, viz. : " Act anent the Silver Bell Item, it is concluded that one silver bell be made of 4 oz. weight with all diligence for one horse race yearly, to be appointed within burgh bounds, and day for running thereof to be set down by advice of mv Lord Earl of Abercorn, Lord Paisley, and Lord Kilpatrick." On the centre of this bell is an unknown shield of arms, probably of one of the early winners. The smaller bell is engraved with the date 1820 above a shield of arms with the initials H.O." Lengthy and minute details are given in the Council records of the period as to the management of the races down to the weighing in of the jockey. Lent by the Town Council of Paisley. 405 Cup of Monifieth Races, 1798. Lent by the Dundee Free Library Committee. 916 SPORTS AND PASTIMES ARCHERY. Archery was never popular in Scotland, and restraint was imposed by various Acts of Parliament upon the exercise of other games and sports lest they should interfere with the use of the bow. Charles I. twice granted special commissions under the Great Seal for enforcing the use of the long bow and there was a previous Act " anent wapinshawings making of butcis and schutting at them and for opposing our auld enimies of England." The records of the Royal Company of Archers were unfortunately destroyed by fire in the early part of last century, but it is probable that the Royal Company owe their origin to the commission appointed in the reign of James I. of Scotland for impressing and overseeing the exercises of archery in different counties. The articles here collected together date from 1644 and are fairly comprehensive. Probably the most interesting are the medals of the Aberdeen Grammar School. It is unfortunate that the Coronation and the prospective visit of King George prevented the Royal Company of Archers from sending specimens from their very interesting collection. A. H. B. 406 Archer's Arrow Holder and Belt, presented in 1842 to the Irvine Archers by Arch. Wm., Earl of Eglinton and Winton. Lent by the Burgh op Irvine. 407 Cup of Monifieth Races, 1798. Lent by the Dundee Free Library Committee. 408 Silver Arrow, 1644. Lent by the Rector or the Aberdeen Grammar School. 409 Archery Medal of George MacKenzie, 1664. Lent by the Rector or the Aberdeen Grammar School. 410 Archery Medal of Thomas Eraser, 1665. Lent by the Rector of the Aberdeen Grammar School. 411 Archery Medal of John Bannerman, 1666. Lent by the Rector op the Aberdeen Grammar School. 412 Archery Medal of Andrew Skene, 1667. Lent by the Rector op the Aberdeen Grammar School. 413 Archery Medal of Tom Gordon, 1670. Lent by the Rector op the Aberdeen Grammar School. 414 Archery Medal of Jonn Gordon of Breachley, 1672. Lent by the Rector of the Aberdeen Grammar School. 415 Archery Medal of James Moir, 1673. Lent by the Rector of the Aberdeen Grammar School. 416 Archery Medal of John Skene, 1674. Lent by the Rector of the Aberdeen Grammar School. 403. The Lanark Bicll. 404. The Paisley Beli s. 430 1^^^ KiRKCUDBKiGHT SiLLER GuN and ARROW. Time of James VI. 421. Archery Medal, with Arms of Sir John Ogilvy of Inverquharity. 284. Hawking Lure. Time of James VL 307. Chess Men. Time of George IL SOUTH GALLERY 917 417 Archery Medal of AValter, Lord Deskford, 1675. Lent by the Rector of the Aberdeen Grammar School. 418 Archery Medal of John Udny of Udny, 1676. Lent by the Rector of the Aberdeen Grammar School. 419 Archery Medal of Wm. Keith, Earl Mareschal, 1677. Lent by the Rector of the Aberdeen Grammar School. 420 Archery Medal of Alexander Eraser of Stricken, 1678. Lent by the Rector of the Aberdeen Grammar School. 421 Archery Medal of Sir John Ogilvy of Inverquharity, 1679. Lent by the Rector of the Aberdeen Grammar School. 422 Archery Medal of Theodore Morison of Bognie, 1699. Lent by the Rector of the Aberdeen Grammar School. 423 Silver Arrow, presented in 1838 by Wm. Johnson "to the apprentices in Kirkcudbright to be shot for by them when the tradesmen shoot for the siller gun." Lent by the Kirkcudbright Museum Association. 424 Arrow in Silver, engraved with the coat of arms of the Earls Mareschal and " W.L.K. vicit anno, 1679." A prize formerly contended for by a fraternity of bowmen in Aberdeen. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 425 Case containing a silver arrow, and 13 silver medals of the Company of Archers, Paisley, from 1806 to 1830. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Eree Library and Museum. 426 Medal of St. Mungo's Archery Club, instituted 1838. Lent by Miss Knox. 427 Cup presented to the Glasgow Archers' Society, 1843. Lent by Miss Knox. 428 Cup presented to Robert Knox, Esq., 1845. Lent by Miss Knox. 429 Silver Medal of the St. Mungo Archers, 1844, given by Robert Knox of Kelvingrove, and won by Wm. M'Millan at 100 yards targ3t shooting. Lent by Miss B. W. M'Millan. 430 Siller Gun presented by King James VI. to the Incorporated Trades of the Royal Burgh of Kirkcudbright. The year 1587 is engraved on the barrel, also the letters T.M.C., and the coat of arms of Sir Thos. M'Clellan of Bombie, ancestors of the lairds of Kirkcudbright, and at that time Provost of the Burgh. Lent by the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright Museum Association. 918 SPORTS AND PASTIMES 431 The Silver Club. — In March, 1744, the City of Edinburgh provided a silver club to be played for by the golfers of Great Britain and Ireland. Every victor was to append a gold or silver piece to the Club and to be called " the captain of the golf.'' This is the oldest silver club in Scotland, the tot. Andrews club being of date 1754. Lent by the Hon. Company of Edinburgh Golfers. 432 Silver Club " Presented to the Edinburgh Company of Golfers by the Right Hon. Wm. Calder, late Provost of the City of Edinburgh, in the year 1811, being a gift from the good town." Lent by the Hon. Company of Edinburgh Golfers. 433 Silver Club "presented to the Honorable Company of Edinburgh golfers by the Provost, Magistrates, and Council of the City of Edinburgh." Lent by the Hon. Company of Edinburgh Golfers. 434 Silver Club of the Old Glasgow Golf Club, 1787 to 1885. Lent by Wm. M'Inroy. 435 Medal of the Kingsbarns Golf Club, Fife, established about 1750, disbanded 1851. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 436 Medal of the Bruntisfield Links Club, Edinburgh, won by C. Paterson, September 26th, 1840. The Bruntisfield is the fifth oldest golf club in the United Kingdom, having been established in 1761. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 437 Medal of the Burgess Golf Club. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 437a Medal of the Burgess Golf Club. Lent by Ellis Isaacs. 438 Two Medals of the Kingsbarns Golf Club, J ife, established about 1750, disbanded 1851, names of the winners from 1823 to 1847 on the reverse. See plate on Wall, No. 232. Lent by Harry B. Wood. 439 Replica in Bronze of Gold Medal presented to the Royal Perth Golfing Society by the Duke of Buccleuch in 1838, by Wj'on, the medallist, who executed the Crimean War medal. Lent by Harry B. AVood. 440 Gold Medal of the Aberdeen Golf Club and case with names of winners from 1816. Lent by the Royal Aberdeen Golf Club. 441 Silver Cup, with coursing subjects. Edinburgh mark, 1805. Lent by Robt. and Wm. Sorley. SOUTH GALLERY 919 CASE 4. 442 Curling Trophy. Lent by the Royal Caledonian Curling Club. 443 Club Snuff Mull. Lent by the Burgess Curling Society. 444 Ballot Box of 1780. Lent by the Aberdeen Golf Club. 445 Three Arrows used at Archery Meeting at Kelvingrove, beginning of 19th century. Lent by John M. Clavering. 446 Child's Hunting Coat, end of 18th century. Lent by C. C. Scott. 447 Scarlet Coat, with Green-oak crest on buttons, supposed to be a hunting coat, but it may be a military coat of the Greenock Fencibles. Lent by C. C. Scott. 448 Late 18th Century Shooting Coat, buttons finely engraved with sporting subjects. Lent by C. C. Scott. 449 Tail Coat of the Greenock Harriers, on the buttons a run- ning hare, and "Greenock Hunt" in raised letters, end of 18th century. Lent by C. C. Scott. 450 Two Racing Coats of Silk Tartan, end 18th century. 451 Lent by C. C. Scott. 452 Blue Swallow-tail Coat, with buttons of Aberdeen Golf Club, worn by Lord Kennedy about 1820. Lent by the Aberdeen Golf Club. 453 Blue Tail Coat of the Royal Northern Yacht Club, early 19th century. Lent by C. C. Scott. 920 CLOCKS ALONG NOBTH WALL ON PLATFOBM. CLOCKS. 1 Brass Clock, made by Humphrey Mills, Edinburgh, about 1660, in carved oak case. The earliest form of long- cased clock in Scotland. The minutes of the Corporation of Edinburgh of 1660 record that Humphrey Mills was instructed to wind and keep in order the public clocks of Edinburgh and the Netherbow, and that he was to be made a burgess to enable him to hold this appointment. Lent by W. B. Smith. 2 Eight-day Clock, made by John Hamilton, Glasgow, about 1750, in mahogany case. At each hour, after striking, it plays an air on 15 bells. Lent by W. B. Smith. 3 Eight-day Clock, made by James Craig, Glasgow, about 1760. It indicates the hour and minute, the day of the month, the moon's age, the signs of the Zodiac, the phases of the moon and her position in the heavens, an astrolabe showing the stars of the principal constella- tions, varying their position with the calendar. Lent by Sir John Stirling Maxwell, Bart. 4 Eight-day Clock, made by Alexr. Wotherspoon, Hadding- ton, about 1780. It shows the hour and minute, the altitude of the sun, the moon's age, and the time of her southing and time of high water at Leith. Lent by W. B. Smith. 5 Eight-day Clock, made by Neilson Love, Port-Glasgow, about 1770. Under the arch of the dial is a picture of a ship, which rocks with the vibrations of the pendulum. Lent by Messrs. R. & W. Sorley. 6 Calendar Clock, made by Thomas Keegan, Edinburgh, about 1863. It shows the hour, minute and second, the day of the week, the day of the month, the odd day for each leap year, the odd day each century, the phases of the moon and her age. Lent by Keegan' s Trustees. 7 Eight-day Clock, made by John Rankin, Old Cumnock, 1789. In mahogany case, with inlaid ornament, chimes the quarters on 6 bells. Lent by J. H. Mathieson. 8 Eight-day Clock, made by James Laird, Kilmacolm, about 1770. In case of mahogany, inlaid with satinwood. Lent by W. B. Smith. 9 Eight-day Clock, made by John Armour, Kilmaurs, in stained pine case. Lent by Mr. Walker. SOUTH GALLERY 921 10 Eight-day Clock, said to have been made at Kilbirnie, probably about 1770, in pine case painted. Lent by Dr. Gemmell. 11 Tell-tale Clock, in mahogany case, no maker's name. Lent by Professor Sutherland. 12 Electric Clock, made by Alexander Bain, Edinburgh, who patented it in 1845. Lent by W. B. Smith. 13 Bracket Clock, made by ''John Smith at Canongate " (Edinburgh), about 1680. Lent by Professor L. R. Sutherland. 14 Bracket Clock, made by John Sanderson, Wigton, about 1720. Inscribed on the dial is : " Remember Man that dye thou must. And after that to Judgment Just." Lent by D. C. Mackie. 15 Bracket Clock, made by John Carmichael, Greenock, about 1770. John Carmichael made a turret clock to order of the Town Council of Greenock in 1786. Lent by W. B. Smith. 16 Skeleton Clock, with lever escapement, made by David Straiten, Montrose, about 188(), can be wound and set from the base without removing the shade. Lent by W. B. Smith. 17 Table Clock, made by John Smith, Pittenweem, Fife, in 1804. It indicates the hour, minute and second; the month, day of the month, and number of days in each month. The day of the week, the age and phases of the moon, and the time of her southing. Chimes the quarter and strikes the hour. Plays 16 airs on bells. During the playing of an air, the King and Queen and members of the Court march past in procession, and below them a squadron of Horse Guards canter past. Lent by W. B. Smith. 18 Movement of the Old Turret Clock of Kirkcudbright. The original movement is mentioned in the Town Council Records of 1576. In 1642 it was transferred to a new tower. In 1723 it was much damaged by fire, and was then practically remade; the frame is of that period, but some of the old wheels may have been retained. Since then several parts have been renewed. Lent by the Museum Association, Kirkcudbright. 922 COMMUNION TOKENS EAST END OF NORTH WALL. COMMUNION TOKENS COMMUNION TOKENS OF THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND. Lent by J. T. Goalen. ARRAS GED ACCORDING TO PRESBYTERIES. Frame 1 Edinburgh (111). „ 2 Linlithgow, Biggar, Peebles, Dalkeith (116). „ 3 Haddington, Dunhar, Duns, Chirnside (142). ,, 4 Kelso, Earlston, Jedburgh, Selkirk, Lochmaben, Langholm (154). „ 5 Annan, Dumfries, Penpont, Stranraer, Wigtown (131). „ 6 Kirkcudbright, Ayr, Irvine (132). „ 7 Paisley, Greenock, Hamilton (121). „ 8 Lanark, Dumbarton (120). „ 9 Glasgow, Inverary, Dunoon (124). „ 10 Kintyre, Islay and Jura, Lorn, AbertarfF, Mull, Dunkeld (103). „ 11 Weem, Perth, Auchterarder (123). „ 12 Stirling, Dunblane, Dunfermline (132). „ 13 Kinross, Kirkcaldy, Cupar (131). „ 14 St. Andrews, Meigle, Forfar (131). „ 15 Dundee, Brechin, Arbroath (135). „ 16 Fordoun, Perth (121). „ 17 Kincardine O'Neil, Alford, Garioch (130). „ 18 Ellon, Deer, Turriff (142). „ 19 Foidyce, Strathbogie, Aberlour (131). „ 20 Ab^rnethy, Elgin, Forres, Nairn, Inverness, Chanonry, Dingwall, Tain (134). „ 21 Dornoch, Tcmgite, Caithness, Lochcarron, Skye, Uist, Lewis, Kirkwall, Caiiston (127). ,, 22 North Isles, Lerwick, Barravoe, Olnafirth (79) and 3 Beg^gars' Badges. „ 23,24,25 Tokens(odd)of Established Church (114), (117), (111). COMMUNION TOKENS belonging to Other Churches in Scotland, principally United Presby terian, United Secession, Original Secession, Burgher Churches, and Anti-Burgher Churches and Reformed Presby teiian, etc. Frame 26 A — Catrine, „ 27 C— Edinburgh, „ 28 E— Huntlv, „ 29 I— L, \ 610 tokens. „ 30 M— P, „ 31 R— Y (also a number of stock tokens and other tokens added later),^ Lent by Alfred W. Cox. SOUTH GALLERY 923 COMMUNION TOKENS belonging to the Free Church of Scotland. Frame 32 A— C, „ 33 D— F, 34 G— K, 35 L— Perth, 36 P— W (includes stock tokens of the Free Church), 483 tokens. Lent by Alfred Cox. COMMUNION TOKENS belonging to the Episcopal Church in Scotland, the Methodist Church, and the Berean Church. Frame 37 33 Tokens. Lent by Alfred Cox. „ 38 100 Tokens. Lent by J. H. Pratt. 924 HERALDRY HERALDRY Section Convener — John A. Stewart SHIELDS OF ARMS, RECORDED IN LYON REGISTER, OF SCOTTISH NOBLEMEN AND GENTLEMEN OF COAT ARMOUR. Emblazoned hy Graham Johnston, Herald Painter to the Court of tlie Lord Lyon. Lent hy the various owners. 1 James Stirling Alston, Redhouse, Ayr. 2 John George Hawksley Bedford, Larch Bhan, Kilchrennan, Argyll. (Heralds' College Register.) 3 Sir James Bell, Baronet, ex-Lord Provost of Ghtsgow. 4 Captain John Cameron Black, Glasgow. 5 William George Black of Annathill, Co. Lanark. 6 Sir William Bilsland, Baronet, ex-T^ord Provost of Glasgow. 7 James L. Carmichael, Arthurstone, Meigle. 8 Sir Samuel Chisholm, Baronet, ex-Lord Provost of Glasgow. 9 Francis Edwin Eraser, Dyneley Lodge, Biimley. 10 James Gilroy, M.B., CM., Waterbeck, Ecclefechan. 11 Colonel James Ross Gray-Buchanan of Scotstoun. 12 James Ewing Hunter, M.B., CM., Helensburgh. 13 The Right Honourable the Baron Inverclyde. 14 John Lawson Johnston of Kingswood. 15 Norman Lamont, younger of Knockdow. 16 Colonel James Lang, Glasgow. 17 Lindsay (Lent by the Clan Lindsay Society, Western Section). 18 Sir Alexander Lyon, Aberdeen. 19 Sir Donald MacAlister, K.C.B., Principal of the University of Glasgow. 20 Sir Alexander Wentworth MacDonald Bosville MacDonald, Baronet, of Nova Scotia. 21 William Alexander MacFarlane-Grieve of Penchrise and Eden- hall. 22 Sir Arthur George Ramsay MacKenzie, Baronet, of Coul. 23 Murdoch Tolmie MacKenzie, Scolpaig, Lochmaddy. SOUTH GALLERY 925 24 Thomas MacKeiizie of Dailuaine House, Carroii, Strathspey. 25 The Eight Honourable Sir Charles Benjamin Bright MacLaren, Baronet, P.O., K.C. 26 Rev. Allan Macintosh MacLean of Dochgarroch. 27 Captain A. J. H. MacLean of Ardgour. 28 Sir Fitzroy Donald MacLean, Baronet, of Dowart, K.C.B. 29 Kaid Sir Harry Aubrey de Vere MacLean, K.C.M.G. 30 Neil MacLean of Breda. 31 Robert MacLean of Plantation. 32 Peter Jeffrey Mackie, of Corraith, Co. Ayr. 33 MacKinnon of MacKinnon. The three follovnng Shields were emblazoned by J. Seaton S Co. 34 Captain Colin MacRae, Karnes Castle, Bute. 35 Major John MacRae-Gilstrap, of Ballimore, Otter Ferry, Argyll- shire. 36 Stuart MacRae, Handley House, Newark, Notts. Shields emblazoned bi) Graham Johnston {continued). 37 The Right Honourable the Earl of Mar and Kellie. 38 Theodore Napier, Balmanno, Edinburgh. 39 Reverend J. Alfred Ross. 40 Stewart. Lent by the Stewart Society. 41 Stewart of Achnacone. 42 Captain George Sitwell Campbell Swinton, March Pursuivant of Arms. 43 John Edulph Blagrave Swinton of Swinton Banks, Co. Peebles. (Swinton of that ilk.) 44 Gilbert Francis Traill. 45 Robert Crauford Walker. 46 Wallace of Ellerslie of Old (Wallace of Busbie) : Hugh Robert Wallace of Busbie, Cloncaird Castle, Co. Ayr. Arms Emblazoned on a Lozenge. 47 Mistress Katherine Livingston Livingston or Timpson, Nether- seale Hall, Ashby de la Zouch. 926 HERALDRY ARM8 OF PUBLIC BODIES IN SCOTf.AND, FROM LYON REGISTER. Emblazoned hy Graham Johnston^ Herald Painter. Lent by the various Councils. 48 Royal Burgh of Aberdeen (panel). 49 University of Aberdeen (shield). 50 Royal Burgh of Ayr (sliield). 51 Royal Burgh of Dumbarton (shield). 52 Royal Burgh of Dundee (shield). 53 Royal Burgh of Dunfermline (shield). 54 City of Edinburgh (panel). 55 University of Edinburgh (shield). 56 University of Glasgow (shield). 57 Burgh of Gov,in (panel). 58 County of Lanark (panel). 59 Royal Burgh of Linlithgow (shield). 60 Royal Burgh of Peebles (shield). 61 Royal Burgh of Rutherglen (panel). 62 University of St. Andrews (shield). {The ten shields are hung round the edge of gallery.) NATIONAL ARMS. 63 Scotland (Azure, the saltire cross of St. Andrew argent). Lent by the St. Andrew Society. 64 Britain (the blended crosses of St. Andrew, St. Patrick and St. George ; the Union). Lent by John A. Stewart. For other National Arms see the exhibits by Messrs. The Tyne- castle Company., Messrs. J. Seaton <& Company, and Messrs. George Kenning & Soji. TWELVE LARGE SHIELDS CHARGED WITH THE AKMS OF ANCIENT SCOTTISH FAMILIES AS FOLLOWS : 65 Stewart. Lent by the Corporation of the City of Glasgow. 66 Douglas. Lent by the Corporation of the City of Glasgow. SOUTH GALLERY 927 67 Cunningham. Lent by the Corporation of the City of Glasgow. 68 Hamilton. Lent by the Corporation of the City of Glasgow. 69 Graham. Lent by the Corporation of the City of Glasgow. 70 Murray. Lent by the Corporation of the City of Glasgow. 71 Gordon. Lent by the Corporation of the City of Glasgow. 72 Erskine. Lent by the Corporation of the City of Glasgow. 73 Campbell. Lent by the Corporation of the City of Glasgow. 74 Napier. Lent by the Corporation of the City of Glasgow. 75 MacDonald. Lent by the Corporation of the City of Glasgow. 76 Mar. Lent by the Corporation of the City of Glasgow. {The above shields are hung round the edge of gallery.) 77 Glasgow Coat of Arms. Carved Oak cartouche emblazoned with the armorial achievement of the City of Glasgow. Arms recorded 1866. The heraldic motto "Let Glasgow Flourish" is derived from the inscribed invocation on the bell of the steeple of the Tron Church, which bears the date L')92. The invocation is, "Lord, let Glasgow flourish through the preaching of the Word and praising Thy Name." Lent by the Corporation of the City or Glasgow. SHIELDS FOR HERALDIC DECORATION, EXECUTED IN EMBOSSED "TYNECASTLE" CANVAS AND VELLUM, AS FOLLOWS: 78 Royal Arms of Scotland. Lent by the Tynecastle Co., Murieston Road, Edinburgh. 79 Royal Arms of England. Lent by the Tynecastle Co., Murieston Road, Edinburgh. 80 Rnyal Arras of Ireland. Lent by the Tynecastle Co., Murieston Road, Edinburgh. 81 Shield with Thistle. Lent by the Tynecastle Co., Murieston Road, Edinburgh. 82 Shield with Rose. Lent by the Tynecastle Co., Murieston Roa«l, Edinburgh. 928 HERALDRY 83 Shield with Shamrock, Lent by the Tynecastle Co., Murieston Road, Edinburgh. 84 Shield with Dragon of Wales. Lent by the Tynecastle Co., Murieston Road, Edinburgh. 85 Shield with Leek. Lent by the Tynecastle Co., Murieston Road, Edinburgh. 86 Panel with the Royal Arms as used in Scotland. Lent by the Tynecastle Co., Murieston Road, Edinburgh. {The above embossed shields are displayed at the entrance to South Gallery.) 87 Scottish Armorial Achievements designed by Graham John- ston, Herald Painter to the Lyon Office, photographed and emblazoned by A. Wallace M'Gregor, LL.B., W.S., Edinburgh. L Archibald Kelso of Kelsoland. 2. Charles Kennedy -Craufurd-Stuart. 3. David Hope Kyd. 4. Very Rev. John Marshall Lang, C.V.O. 5. James Stevenson Leadbetter. 6. Alexander Henry Leith of Glenkindie. 7. Henry Leslie Ellis. 8. John Lusk. 9. Alexander Park Lyle of Glendelvine. 10. Sir Donald MacAlister, K.C.B. 11. Norman M'Caskie, M.D. 12. George Frederick M'Corquodale of Dalchroy. 13. Charles Macdonald. 14. Robert Finnie M'Ewen of Bardrochat. 15. Arthur Cortlandt MacGregor. 16. Rev. William James M'Kain of Ardnamurchan. 17. Alexander Marshall Mackenzie, 18. James Mackenzie, 19. Murdoch Gilliane Maclaine of Lochbuie. 20. Capt, James Marshall M'Laren, 21. Sir Harry Aubrey de Vere M'Lean, K.C.M.G. 22. Robert Maclean of Plantation. 23. Francis Maclean. 24. Sir Arthur George Macpherson, K.C.I.E. 25. Capt. Colin William MacRae. 26. Charles Julian Maitland-Makgill-Crichton of Lathrisk. 27. Colonel Edward Donald Malcolm, C.B., of Poltalloch. 28. Anthony George Maxtone Graham of Cultoquhey. SOUTH GALLERY 929 29. Sir John Murray, K.C.B. 30. Francis Nicholson. 31. Lieufc.-Col. Robert Lennox Nugent-Durbar of Machermore Castle. 32. Sir James Balfour Paul, LL.D., Lyon King of Arms. 33. Ed war. 1 Pirie-Gordon. 34. George Gilbert Ramsay of Drumore. 35. Lieut.-General Sir Alexander George Ross, K.C.B. 36. Major-General Philip Henry Sandilands. 37. Henry Castle Scott. 38. William Scott- Elliot of Arkleton. 39. George Smith of Pittodrie. 40. James Cheape Stewart. 41. Robert Bruce Stewart of Lorn, Appin and Ardsheal. 42. Archibald Stirling of Keir. 43. John Edulf Blagrave Swinton of that Ilk. 44. Sir James Thomson, K.C.S.I. 45. Robert Thorburn of Spring wood. 46. Michael Grieve Thorburn. 47. William Henderson Walker. 48. Hugh Robert Wallace of Busbie. 49. Sir Francis Reginald Wingate, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., D.S.O. 50. Colonel John (Gordon VVolrige Gordon of Hallhead and Esslemont. Lent by A. Wallace M'Gregor, LL.B., W.S., 69 Merchiston Crescent, Edinburgh. {The above emblazonments are placed six at each window.) 88 Thistle Chaprl. Full size cartoons for the stained glass windows of the Chapel of the Knights of the Thistle, St. Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh ; prepared under the super- vision of the Architect, R. S. Lorimer, A.R.S.A., by Graham Johnston, Herald Painter to the Court of the Lord Lyon. Eleven large drawings. Lent by R. S. Lorimer, A.R.S. A., 49 Queen Street, Edinburgh. 89 Decorative Design of knight on horse, shield charged with Arms of Johnston of Kingswood. Lent by Graham Johnston, Heraldic Artist, Lyon Office, H.M. Register House, Edinburgh. 90 Enlarged Facsimile of Arms of Earl of Mar from the Armorial de Gel re. Lent by Graham Johnston, Heialdic Artist, Lyon Office, H.M. Register House, Edinburgh. 2g 930 HERALDRY 91 Arms of Johnston of Kingswood treated as a wall decoration. Lent by Graham Johnston, Heraldic Artist, Lyon Office, H.M. Register House, Edinburgh. HERALDIC DRAWINGS, BY HUGH R. WALLACE OF BUSBIE. 92 Armorial Design for the Handbook of the County Council of Ayr. Lent by Hugh R. Wallace of Busbie, Cloncaird Castle, May bole. 93 Armorial Bearings of Charles John Wallace, Esq., 2ud Bat- talion, H.L.I. Lent by Hugh R. Wallace of Busbie, Cloncaird Castle, May bole. 94 Armorial Bearings of Archibald Malcolm Wallace, Esq., 3rd Battalion, Gordon Highlanders. Lent by Hugh R. Wallace of Busbie, Cloncaird Castle, May bole. 95 Armorial Bearings of J. Ogilvy Fairlie, Esq., of Myres. Lent by Hugh R. Wallace of Busbie, Cloncaird Castle, Maybole. 96 Armorial Bearings of Captain F. B M'Connel, late Gordon Highlanders. Lent by Hugh R. Wallace of Busbie, Cloncaird Castle, Maybole. 97 Book-plate. Adaptation of heraldic charges. (Campbell of Cammo.) Lent by Hugh R. Wallace of Busbie, Cloncaird Castle, Maybole. 98 Book-plate. Adaptation of heraldic charges. Lent by Hugh R. Wallace of Busbie, Cloncaird Castle, Maybole. 99 Armorial Bearings of the late Henry Ritchie of Craigtown, Busbie, and Cloncaird. Lent by Hugh R. Wallace of Busbie, Cloncaird Castle, Maybole. 100 Design for Armorial Book Plate. Armorial achievement of Hugh R. Wallace of Busbie, Cloncaird Castle, Maybole, drawn by Graham Johnston, Herald Painter. Lent by Graham Johnston, Lyon Ofhce, Edinburgh. 101 Original Drawings for " The Scots Peerage." Lent by Graham Johnston, Heraldic Artist, Lyon Office, H.M, Register House, Edinburgh. SOUTH GALLERY 931 102 Armorial Book-Plates. Four Frames with Book-plates. Lent by Graham Johnston, Heraldic Artist, Lyon Office, Edinburgh. HERALDIC STAINED GLASS. Two reproductions in glass of the early 16th century heraldic glass in the Magdalene Chapel, Edinburgh. 103 The Arms of King James V., the shield within a wreath of thistles and crowned. Lent by W. Graham Boss, 16 Union Street, Edinburgh. 104 The Arms of his Queen, Mary of Lorraine, the shield within a wreath of laurel and crowned. Lent by W. Graham Boss, 16 Union Street, Edinburgh. 105 A reproduction of heraldic glass from the original bearing the armorial achievement of Clerk of Penicuick, Midlothian, dated as in the original 1675, Lent by W. Graham Boss, 16 Union Street, Edinburgh. Four full-size water colour drawings of the heraldic stained glass in the Magdalene Chapel, Edinburgh. This is the oldest remaining stained glass in Scotland. Each drawing is framed separately, as follows : 106 Arms of King James V. Lent by W. Graham Boss, 16 Union Street, Edinburgh. 107 Arms of his Queen, Mary of Lorraine. Lent by W. Graham Boss, 16 Union Street, Edinburgh. 108 Arms of Michael Macquhan {Argent, three savages^ heads erased proper), founder of the chapel. Lent by W. Graham Boss, 16 Union Street, Edinburgh. 109 Arms of Michael Macquhan and Janet Rynd his wife. Lent by W. Graham Boss, 16 Union Street, Edinburgh. For more details see Proceedings of Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 9th May, 1887, and lAth Dec, 1891. Date of original Glass, 1540. 110 Full-size water colour drawing of heraldic glass bearing' the Arms, etc., of Alexander Seton, Lord Fyvie, from the original glass at Fyvie Castle, Aberdeenshire, dated 1599. Lent by W. Graham Boss, 16 Union Street, Edinburgh. 111 Full-size water colour drawing of heraldic glass at Woodhouse- lee, Midlothian, bearing the Armorial Achievement of King James YL, and his Queen, Anne of Denmark, dated 1600. Lent by W. Graham Boss, 16 Union Street, Edinburgh, 112 Five Small Panels showing the Arms of the Universities of Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow and St. Andrews ; also the Arms of the Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow, Lent by J, Seaton & Co,, 43 Mitchell Street, Glasgow. 932 HERALDRY 113 Sketch m Colour. Arms of Johnston. Lent by Mrs. Buchanan, "Kenmore," Pointhouse Ores., Port Bannatyne, Bute. 114 Sketch in Colour. Arms of Bryson. Lent by Mrs. Buchanan, " Kenraore," Pointhouse Cres., Port Bannatyne, Bute. 115 .Sketcfi in Colour. Arms of the Chief of the MacFarlanes. Lent by Mrs. Samuel Sloan, 5 Somerset Place, Glasgow. 116 Armorial Panel from the old parish church of Dyce, Aber- deenshire, emblazoned with the Arms of Sir John Johnston, Baronet of Caskieben. Lent by Col. W. Johnston, C.B., Newton Dee, Murtle, Aberdeenshire. 117 Wallace of Busbie. — Plaster cast of the armorial bearings of Hugh Robert Wallace of Busbie. Designed by Graham Johnston and modelled by Robert Bryden. Lent by Robert Bryden, Lyndhurst, Belmont, Ayr. 118 Musselburgh. — Painting of the Arms of the Honest Town of Musselburgh. Lent by the Town Council of Musselburgh. WALL CASE 2. 119 Tabard of a King of Arms. Lent by Sir James Balfour Paul, LL.D., Lyon King of Arms. 120 Portrait of Roderick Chalmers, Ross Herald, 1724-1746, in his tabard. Engiaved by his son, George Chalmers. Lent by Lyon Office. 121 Tabard of a Herald, issued in 1876. Lent by Francis J. Grant, W.S., Rothesay Herald, Lyon Office. 122 Copy on Panel of the Arms of James III. impaled with those of his Queen, Margaret of Denmark. From the same altar piece. Lent by Sir James Balfour Paul, LL.D., Lyon King of Arms. 123 Copy on Panel of the Arms of the King of Scotland. From the altar piece of Trinity College Church, Edinburgh, now in the Palace of Holyroodliouse. Lent by Sir James Balfour Paul, LL.D., Lyon King of Arms. 124 Copy on Panel of the Arms of Sir Edward Bonkil, the Provost of Trinity College Church. From the same altar piece. Lent by Sir James Balfour Paul, LL.D., Lyon King of Arms. COLOUR OF THE APPIN CLAN REGIMENT, 1 745. Art. 1-29, Page 933. SOUTH GALLERY 933 125 Carved Panel showing the Arms of David RoUo impaled with those of his wife. Date 1601. Lent by Dundee Free Library Committee, Albert Institute, Dundee. 126 Royal Arms — Painting of the Royal Arms of Scotland, Eng- land, France and Ireland, marshalled for use in Scotland, Reign of Charles II. Lent by the Town Council of Musselburgh. 127 Banner with Arms of the High Stewart : (9r, a fess chequy azure and argent. Lent by the Stewart Society. 128 Banner of the Union. Azure., the saltire crosses of St. Andrew and St. Patrick^ the latter fimbriated argent, dimidiated per saltire and cortnter changed., and surmounted hy the Cross of St. George fimbriated as the Saltire. Lent by the Stewart Society. WALL CASE 3. 129 Culloden Flag. Banner carried by the Stewarts of Appin in the '45. The flag is of bhie silk, uith a yellow saltire or cross of St. Andrew. This is one of the few flags that escaped from the field after the battle of Culloden, many colour-bearers being shot down before the flag was rescued. For the history of the flag see the magazine of the Stewart Society for 1910. Lent by John Stuaht, The Gnoll, Bishops Teignton, Teignniouth, South Devon. 130 Appin — Panel emblazoned by A. W. Stewart showing the armorial achievement of Stewart of Appin — Robert Bruce Stewart of Ardsheal, Appin and Lorn. Lent by R. Bruce Stewart, 73 Vanbrugh l^ark. Black heath. 131 Carved Panel with Dunbar achievement. Lent by Falconer Museum, Forres. 132 Carved Oak Panel with Arms of Hay, Earl of Kinnoul, 17th Century, enclosed in small glass case. Lent by A. G. Heiton, Darnick Tower, Melrose. 133 Bratach Ban. The famous white Banner of the Clan Mackay, celebrated in song and story. Secured for the Society by the late John MacKay, Editor of the "Celtic Monthly," and the late Provost William MacKay, Thurso, on the death of the last holder. In custody of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Edinburgii. Lent by the Clan MacKay Society, per D. N. Mackay, 93 West Regent St., Glasgow. &34 HERALDRY 134 Illuminated Parchment showing the Armorial Achievement of Graeme A. MacLaverty, Chanting Hall, Hamilton, Co. Lanark. Lent by Graeme A. MacLaverty. 135 Armorial Book-Plates. Two frames with Book-plates. Lent by Graham Johnston, Heraldic Artist, Lyon Office, Edinburgh. 136 Lozenge with Arms of Mrs. Dawson {nee Wyllie), wife of the Rev. Canon E. C. Dawson, M.A. (Oxon.), Rector of St. Peter's, Edinburgh, and Canon of St. Mary's Cathedral. Lent by Rev. R. B. Dawson, 9 Ramsay Gardens, Edinburgh. 137 Arbroath. Painting of the Arms of the Royal Burgh of Arbroath, gules, a portcullis with chains pendent or, sujd- ported on the dexter by the figure of St. Thomas a Becket and on the sinister by a Baron of Scotland holding in his hand the famous letter of the Convention of Scottish Estates to the Pope, drawn up at Arbroath, a.d. 1320. Above the shield is the motto " Propter Libertatem." Lent by the Town Council of Arbroath. 138 Carving in Oak of the Armorial Achievement of James Duncan Stewart, Urrard House, Bridge of Weir, Co. Renfrew. Lent by James Duncan Stewart. 139 Armorial de Gelre. Facsimile of Scottish Arms in the Armorial de Gelre, 1370-1388, in the Royal Library at Brussels. Original authenticated handpainted copy of what is supposed to be the oldest roll of Scottish Arms now extant. Lent by Lady Dunbar, Duffus House, Elgin. 140 SwiNTON. Emblazonment by Mr. Graham Johnston, Herald Painter to the Lyon Court, of the Armorial Achievement of Captain George Sitwell Campbell Swinton, March Pur- suivant of Arms. A large copy of an extract of Matri- culation of Arms. Lent by Capt. George S. C. Swinton, 2 Hyde Park Street, London, W. 141 Lamont. Armorial achievement of Lamont of Lamont. Pre- sented to the Clan Lamont Society by John Henry Lamont of Lamont, XXL chief. Lent by the Clan Lamont Society, Glasgow. SOUTH GALLERY 935 142 Embossed Silver Panel. Arms- of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh. Presented by C. W. MacGillivray, p.r;.c.s. Lent by Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh. 143 Facsimile of Scottish Arms in the Armorial de Gelre, 1370-1388, in the Biblioth^que Royale at Brussels, authenticated by the late Mons. C. Ruelens, Conservator of the MSS. there. These 42 coats are supposed to be the oldest roll of Scottish Arms now extant. Lent by Lyon Office. 144 Facsimile full size panel coloured drawings of 20 coats of arms and monograms, Order of Thistle, etc., on Craufurd Gallery, Kilbirnie Parish Church, Ayrshire. Lent by C. S. S. Johnston, 66 Hanover Street, Edinburgh. 145 Heraldic Postcards. Four pictorial postcards showing (1) Royal Banner of Britain as used in Scotland, also the Union Flag ; (2) The Royal Arms as used in Scotland ; (3) Royal Banner of Scotland, also the Scottish National Flag, <-he Banner of St. Andrew ; (4) The Union Flag. Lent by the Scottish Patriotic Association, 134 Bath Street, Glasgow. 146 Set of Photographs, 22 in number, of the armorial bearings and other devices in the carved oak gallery fronts on Kilbirnie Parish Church, Ayrshire, as erected in 1904-5, alongside of and to matcli the style of the old Craufunl Gallery. Lent by C. S. S. Johnston, 66 Hanover Street, Edinburgh. 147 The Union Flag (Britain). Lent by George Kenning & Son, 9 Howard Street, Glasgow. 148 Banner of St. Andrew (Scotland). Lent by George Kenning & Son, 0 Howard Street, Glasgow. 149 The last Flag of the Scottish Shipmasters' and Officers Association now incorjiorated with the Mercantile Marine Association of Great Britain. The flag is the national banner of St. Andrew surmounted by tlie Royal Banner of Scotland, and wi'h the letters S.S.O.A. Lent by Captain John Cameron Black, Last President of the S.S.O.A., 45 West Nile St., Glasgow. 936 HERALDRY 150 Leith. Silk Banner emblazoned with the Arms of the Royal Burgh of Leith. Lent by the Town Council of Leith. 151 Royal Arms of Scotland : Lion Rampant and doable tressure. Lent by J. Seaton & Co., 43 Mitchell Street, Glasgow. 152 Scotland : Shield with Saltire Cross of St. Andrew. Lent by J. Seaton & Co., 43 Mitchell Street, Glasgow. {The above two shields are hung in the Norwegian Gallery.) 153 Royal Banner of Scotland. Lent by George Kenning & Son, 9 Howard Street, Glasgow. 154 Royal Banner of England. Lent by George Kenning & Son, 9 Howard Street, Glasgow 155 Royal Banner of Ireland. Lent by George Kenning & Son, 9 Howard Street, Glasgow. 156 Banner of Llewellyn Prince of Wales. Lent by George Kenning & Son, 9 Howard Street, Glasgow. {The above four banners are displayed in the Norwegian Gallery.) 157 Armorial Membership Card of the Stewart Society, showing the old Royal Arms of Scotland and the shields of fourteen families : High Stewart, Appin, Ardvorlich, Blackball, Blant^^re, Bonky], Bute, Moray, Castle Stuart, Darnley and Lennox, Galloway, Atholl, Carrick, and Bnchan. Lent by John A. Stewart, 104 Cheapside Street, Glasgow. 158 Perth. Painting of the Armorial Bearings of the County of Perth. Lent by the County Council, Perth. {Placed over doorway.) 159 Armorial Postcards of Scottish Burghs. Lent by Graham Johnston, Heraldic Artist, Lyon Office, H.M. Register House, Edinburgh. SOUTH GALLERY 937 160 Oak Panel with Arms of Sir James Drummond of InnerpefFray impaled with the Arms of Margaret Stewart his wife (daughter of James IV.). Lent by A. G. Heiton, Dariiick Tower, Melrose. 161 Arms of Aberdeen. Cast lead panel, dated 1653. Lent by W. Kelly, 62 Rubislawden North, Aberdeen. 162 Wood Panelling. Five old examples : Scroll 1240, Arms 1616, 1627, Thistle 1647, Rose 1653. Lent by the Natural History and Antiquarian Society, The Mustum, Montrose. 163 Poster designed by Margaret Friend, showing the Royal Arms of Britain as used in Scotland, and other decorative heraldry. Lent by Margaret Friend, 46 Maryfield, Edinburgh. 164 Hatchment bearing the Arms of the MacKay Cliief, supposed to have been used at the funeral of one of the Lords Reay. Presented to the Clan MacKay Society by John MacKay, S.S.C., Edinburgh. Lent by the Clan MacKxVy Society, Per D. N. MacKay, 93 West Regent Street, Glasgow. ARMORIAL CHINA. ORIENTAL PORCELAIN WITH SCOTTISH COATS OF ARMS. CASE 19. 165 Plates— Arms of Forbes. Lent by Rees Price, F.S.A(Scot.), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow. 166 Arms of Baillie of Jerviswoode impaling Gordon. Lent by Rees Price, F.S. A. (Scot.), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow. 167 Arms of Anderson of West Audebreck. Lent by Rees Price, F.S. A. (Scot.), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow. 938 HERALDRY 168 Arms of Watson with escutcheon of pretence . . . Lent by Rees Price, P.S.A. (Scot.), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow. 169 Arms of Johnstone of Westerhall, Co. Dumfries. Lent by Rees Price, F.S.A. (Scot.), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow. 170 Arms of Elphinstone, Co. Stirling. Lent by Rees Price, F.S.A. (Scot.), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow, 171 Arms of Holborn of Menstrie. Lent by Rees Price, F.S.A. (Scot.), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow. 172 Arms of Achmuty of that Ilk, Co. Fife. Lent by Rees Price, F.S.A. (Scot), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow. 173 Arms of Cruickshank. Lent by Rees Price, F.S.A. (Scot.), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow. 174 Arms of LincI of Gorgie. Lent by Rees Price, F.S.A. (Scot.), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow. 175 Arms of Carmichael. Lent by Rees rice, F.S.A. (Scot.), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow. 176 Arms of Oliphant impaling . . . Lent by Rees Price, F.S.A. (Scot.), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow. 177 Arms of Stewart, Earl of Galloway. Lent by Rees Price, F.S.A. (Scot.), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow. 178 Arms of MacDonald. Lent by Rees Price, F.S.A. (Scot.), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow. 179 Arms of Ker, with escutcheon of pretence Martin. Lent by Rees Price, F.S.A. (Scot.), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow. SOUTH GALLERY 939 180 Coffee Pot — Arms of Robertson. Lent by Rees Price, F.S.A. (Scot.), 163 Bath Street, Glasgow. 181 Plates — Arms of Stewart, Earl of Galloway. Lent by H. Vincent Whitelaw, F.S.A. (Scot.), 29 Kingsborough Gardens, Glasgow. 182 Arms of Munro of Fowlis. Lent by H. Vincent Whitelaw, F.S.A. (Scot.), 29 Kingsborough Gardens, Glasgow. 183 Arms of Robertson of Struao. Lent by H. Vincent Whitelaw, F.S.A. (Scot.), 29 Kingsborough Gardens, Glasgow. 184 Arms of Creichton of Ruthven impaling Venables. Lent by H. Vincent Whitelaw, F.S.A. (Scot.), 29 Kingsborough Gardens, Glasgow. 185 Arms of Johnston of Westerhall. Lent by H. Vincent Whitelaw, F.S.A. (Scot.), 29 Kingsborough Gardens, Glasgow. 186 Arms of Adamson. Lent by H. Vincent Whitelaw, F.S.A. (Scot.), 29 Kingsborough Gardens, Glasgow. 187 Cup — Arms of Steuart of Allanton. Lent by H. Vincent Whitelaw, F.S.A. (Scot.), 188 Cup and Saucer— Arms of Grant. Lent by H. Vincent Whitelaw, F.S.A. (Scot.), 29 Kingsborough Gardens, Glasgow. 189 Sauce Flat — Arms of Graham of Callander impaling Syme. Lent by H. Vincent Whitelaw, F.S.A. (Scot.), 29 Kingsborough Gardens, Glasgow. 190 Supper Dish— Arms of Sir John MacPherson, Bart. Lent by H. Vincent Whitelaw, F.S.A., (Scot.), 29 Kingsborough Gardens, Glasgow. 191 Beaker and Pair Spills— Arms of Earl of Hyndford. Lent by H. Vincent Whitelaw, F.S.A. (Scot.), 29 Kingsborough Gardens, Glasgow. 192 Plates — Arms of Lindsay of Wormiston. Lent by John Fleming, 9 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow. 940 HERALDRY 193 Arms of Burnet of Daieladies. Lent by John Fleming, 9 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow 194 Arms of Mercer. Lent by John Fleming, 9 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow. 195 Arms of Dundas. Lent by John Fleming, 9 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow. 196 Arms of Bruce. Lent by John Fleming, 9 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow. 197 Arms of Nisbet. Lent by John Fleming, 9 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow. 198 Arms of Colqnhoun. Lent by John Fleming, 9 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow. 199 Arms of Campbell. Lent by John Fleming, 9 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow. 200 Arms of Haldane. Lent by John Fleming, 9 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow. 201 Large Jug and Cover — Arms of Robertson. Lent by John Fleming, 9 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow. 202 Small Jug — Arms of Johnston. Lent by John Fleming, 9 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow. 203 Mug— Arms of Abernethy-Drummond of Hawthornden (1764) Lent by John Fleming, 9 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow. 204 Teapot— Arms of Campbell (?). Lent by John Fleming, 9 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow. 205 Stand — Arras of Fotheringham of Powrie. Lent by John Fleming, 9 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow. 206 Large Plate — Arms of Seton. Lent by Mrs. Blake, 59 Hamilton Drive, Glasgow. SOUTH GALLERY 941 207 Small Plate— Arms of Fletcher. Lent by Mrs. Blake, 59 Hamilton Drive, Glasgow. For Norwegian Heraldry, see Balcony, South Gallery ; and for Swedish Heraldry, see West Gallery. Many Book- plates of an Armorial character will be found on South Wall, Mid Gallery. Additional exhibits of the Heraldry Section will be found in the Mid Gallery in Wall Case No. 7 and Case No. 50. VALENTINE SECTION. CASE 29. 1 Six Valentines. Lent by Elgin Public Museum. 2 Two Valentines in frames, dated before 1812. Lent by P. P. Allan. 3 Theee Valentines. Lent by Miss Mary A. Wylib. 4 Two Valentines. Lent by Mrs. J. B. Smith. 5 Four Valentines. Lent by Mrs. Melville. 6 One Valentine. Lent by Mrs. Maguirb. 7 Collection of Specimen Valentines., Lent by Jonathan King. CASE 26. ARMADA RELICS. Case of Objects found during operations on the wreck of the "Florencia" of the Spanish Armada in Tobermory Bay. BURGHAL RELICS CASE 25. BURGHAL RELICS. 1 Watchman's Rattle. Lent by R. Henderson Bishop. 2 Old Police Rattle. Lent by Alan Inglis. 3 Police Rattle. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 4 Police Clappers. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 5 Police Rattles. Lent by Chief-Constable, Edinburgh. 6 Seven Brass Troy Weights. Lent by Town Council of Kinghorn. 7 Police Twitch. Lent by Town Council of Kilmaurs. 8 Copper Alms Box, dated 1734, Edinburgh. Lent by Wm. Adam. 9 17th Century Iron Trades Box. Lent by the Working Men's Institute, Duns. 10 High Constables' Batons. Three in number. Lent by Edinburgh High Constables. 11 Old Police Baton. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 12 Sheriff Officer's Staff. Lent by Chief-Constable, Elgin. 13 Deacon's Staff of Souters' Craft of Selkirk. Lent by T. Craig Brown. 14 Burgh of Calton Police Commissioner's White Rod of Office. Lent by John Ord- 15 Presidential Emblem of the Glasgow Poker Club. Lent by Hunterian Museum. 16 Two Bailies' Batons. Lent by John R. Menzies. 17 Parish Constable's Staff of Office, Ayrshire, 1754. Lent by Mrs. Brown. 18 Constable's Small Baton. Lent by The Chief-Constable, Rothesay. SOUTH GALLERY 943 19 Criminal Officer's Baton, used in Glasgow prior to institution of a regular Detective staff. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 20 Detective Officer's Staff or Baton. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 21 Edinburgh High-Constable's Baton, silver mounted with the words "Instituted 1698." Lent by John Ord. 22 Provost's Baton. Belonged to Provost of In verkei thing. Lent by John B. Menzies. 23 Three Police Batons. Lent by Trustees, Smith Institute, Stirling. 24 Police Commissioner's Baton, 1820. Lent by R. Ker Ramsey. 25 Special Constable's Copper Badge, Burgh of Calton, 1819. Lent by \Vm. Warnock. 26 Small Baton of Office; J. P. Constable. Lent by Wm. Warnock. 27 Special Constable's Baton, " V, R., Cullen." Lent by University of Aberdeen. 28 Special Constable's Baton, Banff. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 29 Baton of Chief-Superintendent of Glasgow Police, 1846 to 1862. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 30 Police Baton. Lent by Miss Hector. 31 Special Constable's Baton, Renfrewshire. Lent by Chief-Constable. 32 Police Commissioner's Baton, Glasgow. Lent by John Ord. 33 Special Constable's Baton, Strichen, Aberdeenshire. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 34 Special Constable's Baton, Aberdeen. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 35 Parish Constable's Baton. Lent by Chief-Constable, Elgin. 36 Fiscal' s Baton. Lent by Kilmaurs Town Council. 37 Constable's Staff, Duns. Lent by James Wallace. 944 BTJllGHAL RELICS 38 Ell Standard (giving both 37-inch and 45 ^-inch ells). Lent by the Incorporation or the Guildry of Stirling. 39 Standard Scots Ell, 37 inches and two 10th parts. Lent by the Incorporation of the Guildry of Stirling. 40 Standard Yard. 41 Wooden Standard Yard. Lent by Kinghorn Town Council. 42 Quartern Standard Weight. 43 Half-Quartern Standard Weight. Lent by Committee, Dundee Free Library. 44 Seven Brass Measures from Town House, Kinghorn, Fife. Lent by Town Council. 45 Fifteen Keys from Old Tolbooth of Paisley. Lent by The Chief-Constable of Paisley. 46 Four Common Seals from Royal Burgh of Lanark. 47 First Helmet Badge of Fifeshire Constabulary. Lent by The Chief-Constable of Fifeshire. 48 Brass Utensil of Spoon form with Hammerman's Crest. Lent by Tom Scott, R.S.A. 49 Town Crier's Trumpet, Old Aberdeen. Lent by Master of Trades' Hospital, Aberdeen. 50 Special Constable's Brass Badge, Burgh of Calton, 1819. Lent by John Ord. 51 Metal Plate with City Arms, worn on waist belt of Glasgow Police, 1840. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 52 Town's Badge belonging to Corporation of Dunfermline. 53 Set of Twelve Brass Weights, Kinghorn. Lent by Kinghorn Town Council. 54 Six Old Copper Scottish Measures. Lent by Corporation of Edinburgh. 55 Bronze Bell dated 1647. Lent by James Hunter. 56 Four Iron Weights. Linlithgow stamp, date 1707. Lent by Dumfries and Maxwelltown Observatory Committee. 57 1^ Pounds Stone Weight. Huntly. Lent by John Robertson. 58 Iron Ringed Bolt, from Old Tolbooth, Duns. Lent by "W. L. Ferguson. SOUTH GALLERY 945 59 The Flag of the Skinners of Stirling. Lent by Trustees of Smith Institute. 60 Large Seal and Counter-seal, Burgh of Dunfermline. 61 Small Die or Seal of Burgh of Dunfermline. 61b Old Burgh Seal of Maybole. Lent by James Gibson. 62 First Roll of Special Constables, Burgh of Calton, Glasgow. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 63 Engraving, Colonel John Kinloch, first Inspector of Con- stabulary in Scotland. Lent by Chief-Constable, Renfrewshire. ON WEST WALL. 64 Hard Labour Crank used in Paisley Prison 100 years ago. Lent by Chief-Constable, Paisley. 65 Flag of the Seven Incorporated Trades of Dumfries. Lent by G. Ramsey Thomson. 66 Halbert of Fleshers' Craft, Selkirk. Lent by T. Craig Brown. 67 Spear found in secret recess of an Edinburgh old house about a century ago. Lent by A. L. Boston. 68 Halbert . Lent by Montrose Natural History and Antiquarian Society. 69 Leg Irons. Lent by Banff Museum. 70 The Hangman's Ladle, used by the hangman in taking his custom in meal sold in bulk in Kelso market. Lent by Tweedside and Physical Antiquarian Soc, Kelso. 71 Catchpole. Lent by Edinburgh Corporation. 72 Halbert of Selkirk Cordiners' or Souters' Craft. Lent by T. Craig Brown. 73 Leg Irons. Lent by Banff Museum. 74 Beheading Axe. Lent by Arbroath Museum. 75 Hangman's Ladle. Very ancient. Much damaged by fire at the burning of Jedburgh Museum, 1898. The 946 BURGHAL RELICS hangman's weight consisted of one ladleful from every sack of corn or meal brought into town. Lent by Jedburgh Museum. 76 Scots Ell, 16th century. Lent by Edinburgh Corporation. 77 Burgh Punch Bowl. Presented in 1707 to the Magistrates of Kirkcudbright by James Hamilton of Bargenny, M.P. for the County, to be used annually for drinking the health of the reigning Sovereign on his or her birthday. 78 City Drum. Lent by Aberdeen Town Council. 79 Fen wick Parish Drum. Lent by John Howie. 80 The Fenwick Drum and Drum Sticks. Lent by John Dunlop. 81 Town Drum, Dundee. Lent by Dundee Free Library Committee. 82 Nairn Town Drum. Lent by Nairn Museum. 83 Wooden Bushel Measure of the Town House, Kinghorn. Lent by Town Council. 84 4 Wooden Measures, i.e. Peck, Half-Peck, Pint and Half- Pint from Town House, Kinghorn. Lent by Town Council. 85 Nest of 10 Weights, anno 1687. Lent by Edinburgh Museum. 86 Set of Weights, anno 1707. Lent by Dundee Free Library Committee. 87 Punch Toddy Ladle for use with Corporation Punch Bowl. Carved out of single piece of wood, date unknown. Lent by Town Council of the City of Brechin. 88 Set of Weights, date 1707. Lent by Dumfries and Maxwelltown Observatory Committee. 89 Set of Weights, date 1707. Lent by Town Clerk, Lanark. 90 Standard Measure. Lent by Dundee Free Library Committee. 91 Gallon Wine Measure. Lent by Town Clerk, Lanark. 92 Gallon Measure, " Anno Regina VI°." Lent by Dundee Free Library Committee. SOUTH GALLERY 947 93 CoppEB Measure, 1707. Lent by Dundee Free Library Committee. 94 Measure, date 1707. Lent by Town Clerk, Lanark. 95 Copper Measure, date 1707. Lent by Dundee Free Library Committee. 96 Stirling Measure. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 97 Measure. Lent by Dumfries and Maxwelltown Observatory Committee. 98 Scotch Pint Measure. Lent by Edinburgh Corporation. 99 Stirling Jug of Kinghorn Town House. Lent by Town Council. 100 English Half Gallon Measure — Dumfries standard. Lent by Dumfries and Maxwelltown Observatory Committee. 101 Copper Scots Pint Measure — Peebles standard. Lent by Wm. Young, R.S.W. 102 Bronze Measure, Scots Pint. Lent by Edinburgh Corporation. 103 Quart Measure. Lent by Town Clerk of Lanark. 104 Copper Measure. Lent by Dundee Free Library Committee. 105 Scots Choppin Measure, date 1555. Lent by Edinburgh Corporation. 106 3 Copper Measures. Lent by Dundee Free Library Committee. 107 The Jethart Jug, standard quart measure, inscribed round lip THIS . is . ye . COMVN . MVSVR . OF . lEDBVRGHT. Date 1563 on shield. Lent by Secretary, Jedburgh Museum. 108 Measure, date 1707. Lent by Dumfries and Maxwelltown Observatory Committee. 109 JouGS from Moniaive village, Dumfriesshire. Lent by T. Neilson. 110 Shackles. Lent by Dundee Library Committee. 948 BURGHAL RELICS 111 Manacles from Old Jail, Paisley. Lent by Alex. Morrison. 112 Iron Branks or Gag, an instrument of ecclesiastical punishment for female scolds placed at the doors of churches. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 113 Lock of Hawick Old Jail. Lent by Hawick Museum. 114 Lock and Key of condemned cell, Kirkcudbright Jail. Lent by Kirkcudbright Museum. 115 Man Trap used at Shirgarton, Kippen, end of 18th century. Lent by Harvie Anderson. 116 Key of Paisley Abbey Door. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 116b Revolver, found in possession of Patrick Barret, Irish Fenian, who was executed in 1868. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 117 Key, believed to be one of the keys of the Old Tolbooth of Glasgow. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 118 Man Trap. Lent by W. C. Bishop. 119 Iron Mouth Gag found in Aberdeenshire. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 120 Key of Old Prison of Ayr. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 121 Key of last portable Gallows in Glasgow. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 122 Pair of Cock Fighting Spurs and Sharpening File. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 123 Leather Strap-Snitchers. Lent by W. Chapman. 124 Handcuffs and Leg Irons from condemned cell, Kirkcud- bright Jail. Lent by Kirkcudbright Museum. 125 Man Trap. Lent by Dundee Free Library Committee. 126 Handcuffs found in Dornoch Jail. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 127 Thumbscrews. Lent by Falconer Museum, Forres. 128 Thumbscrews. Lent by Montrose Museum. BURGHAL RELICS. SOUTH GALLERY 949 129 Thumbsceews from Bute Museum, Rothesay. Lent by The Marquis op Bute. 130 Thumbscrews. Lent by University of Aberdeen. 131 Thumbscrews applied to the Rev. Henry Erskine. Lent by Mrs. Walter Warblaw. 132 Handcuffs, used at the arrest of Burke and Hare. Lent by Chief-Constable, Edinburgh. 133 Thumbscrews brought from Spanish Inquisition by Dr. David Kinloch about a.d. 1600. Lent by Major-General Kinloch. 133b Pair of Figure-of-eight Handcuffs. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 134 Pair early 18th century Handcuffs. Lent by J. W. Sutherland. 135 Set of Prisoner's Chains from the Old Tolbooth of Paisley. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 136 Iron Jougs. Lent by Sheriff Guy. 137 Leg or Hobble or Hopple Irons used on criminals. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 138 Iron Fetters from Branxholm Tower. Lent by Hawick Museum. 139 Branks or Mouth Bridle for female scolds. Lent by Town Council of Newmilns. 140 Branks, as above. Dated 1665. Lent by Alex. Wilson. 141 Chain and Handcuffs. Lent by Chief-Constable, Edinburgh. 142 Witches' Branks or Bridle, 17th century. Used at burning of witches. Lent by the Town Council of the City of Brechin. 143 Two Twitchers used instead of Handcuffs. Lent by Wm. Chapman. 144 Branks or Mouth Bridle. Lent by Chief-Constable Thomson, Forfar. 145 Town Crier's Hand Bell. Property of Partick Curling Club. Lent by Jas. T. Ward. 146 Twelve Brass Weights. Lent by Kinghorn Town Council. 950 BURGHAL RELICS 147 Old Stone Sun Dial. Dated 1667. Lent by Hawick Museum. 148 Lanark Stone Weight. Lent by Town Clerk, Lanark. 149 Ancient Iron Bar and Leg Irons. Lent by Committee of Banff Museum. 150 Stocks used for punishment of petty offenders in Forfar. 150b Blade of ''The Maiden." 16th century. Lent by Aberdeen Town Council. 151 Old Winchester Bushel Measure. Lent by Town Council of Dundee. 152 Bushel Measure of Queen Anne's reign. Lent by Town Clerk of Lanark. 153 Muniment Box of the Ancient Craft of Hammermen, Dunfermline. Lent by Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. 154 Deed Box, date 1728. Lent by P. H. Barclay. 155 Brass Measure, date 1835, and Streak. Lent by Mrs. Fowler. 156 Chest of the Sailors' Society of Renfrew. Lent by M. Robin. 157 Chest and Chest of Drawers of Candle and Soap Makers' Society of Glasgow, 1795. Lent by W. P. Watson. 158 Chest, Ladywell and Drygatefoot Friendly Society, Glasgow, 1804. Lent by James M'Farlane. 159 Three Old Iron Weights in Box. Lent by Kinghorn Town Council. 160 One Large Key, 7 Small Keys and 4 Padlocks in Box. Lent by Kinghorn Town Council. 161 Standard Bushel Measure, 1704. Lent by Dumfries and Maxwelltown Observatory Committee. 161a Large Punch Bowl. Presented by Robert Granger to the Seven United Trades of Dumfries, 1806. Inscribed around interior, Success to The Wooden Walls of Great Britain." " Success to the Seven Incorporations of Dumfries." Lent by Miss Dunbar. Art. 179, Page 952. ABERDEEN SEAL, I430. SOUTH GALLERY 951 161b Large Jug. Inscribed god keep the king and the craft : The Seven Incorporations of Dumfries. Lent by Provost Lennox. 161c Collection of Pikes, used to repel Highland invaders in 1715 from town of Dumfries. Lent by Free Library, Dumfries. 162 Bellman's Cloak of white linen with brown velvet tippet and cuffs. Lent by Duns Working Men's Institute. 163 Stocks, from Maybole. Lent by Town Council. 164 Stone Weight, 48 pound, found at Barnauld Farm, Bute. Lent by Marquis of Bute. 165 Stocks, " Paldy Fair," Fordoun. Lent by James Gibson. 166 Box of Weights, Kingliorn. Lent by Town Council. 167 Box of Weights, 56 lbs. to 1 lb., Dundee. Lent by Town Council. 168 H ALBERT from Hunterian Museum. Lent by University of Glasgow. 169 Two Halberts. Lent by Brechin Town Council. 170 Two Halberts from Burgh of Calton, Glasgow. Lent by Chief-Constable Stevenson. 171 Two Halberts. Lent by Montrose Museum. 172 Two Town Halberds. Lent by Nairn Museum. 173 Flag of the Selkirk Friendly Society, 1827, as designed by Sir Walter Scott. Lent by T. Craig Brown. 174 The Fenwick Reform Flag, 1832, with portrait of Earl Grey. Lent by Miss Fulton. 175 Case containing (a) The Morris or Moorish Dancer's Dress, with cap and 21 dozen brass bells, pair of white leather shoes, white leather gloves, and rapier; (6) St. Bar- tholomew's Tause or Tawse. 17th century. Lent by the Glover Incorporation of Perth. 176 Old Flag of the Glover Incorporation of Perth, 1604. Lent by the Glover Incorporation of Perth. 952 BURGHAL RELICS 177 Case containing (a) Ostrich Egg, a relic of the pre-Reforma- tion era. Along with the picture of St. Bartholomew, dated 1557, the egg probably formed part of the decorations on the altar dedicated to that Apostle in Saint John's Church, Perth, which, according to ancient authorities, was one of the richest in endowment. Saint Bartholo- mew being the patron saint of the Glover calling, both relics were probably saved by some devout Glovers from the pillage of that church by the multitude in 1560, and brought to the Old Glovers' Hall in the House of the "Fair Maid of Perth, " where they both hung for cen- turies ; (h) The Deacon's Pew Bible, 1752, formerly used in public worship in the Middle Church; and (c) Two Silk Velvet Mortcloths, which were in ancient use at the interments of members of the Glovers' calling. Lent by the Glover Incorporation of Perth. 178 Silver Keys of the City of Aberdeen. 17th century. Lent by the Town Council of Aberdeen. 179 Ancient City Seal, 1430. Lent by the Town Council of Aberdeen. SOUTH GALLERY 953 THE ROMAN SECTION. The Roman occupation of Scotland was purely military, and although its duration is uncertain, it may be put down as from the end of the first century a.d. to the middle of the third. The remains are the wall, a structure of turf that stretched from the Forth to the Clyde and the camps that defended it, together with the lines of communication with the Roman colony in South Britain. The selection of objects shown is the result of excavations on several of these sites. ALONG THE WEST WALL. Amphora ; Stone Drains ; Red Earthenware Supply Pipes ; two iQuerns, one of imported volcanic stone ; two portions of Piles, being part of the soldiers' huts, etc. Re- covered from the well of the Principia during the excavations in the Bar Hill Fort, near Kirkintilloch, 1902-5. Lent by Alex. Whitelaw. 1 Altar of freestone, 4 ft. 0| in. x 1 ft. 5 in., inscribed deae/ minervae/coh • n • tun/grorum/mil • eq • c • l • /cui priest • c • sil/auspex pr^b. ("Sacred to tlie Goddess Minerva. Tlie second cohort of Tungrians, a thousand strong, of which a due proportion is cavalry, and in possession of the privilege of Latin citizenship, under the command of their Prefect, Cains Silvius Auspex [erected this].") Lent by H. G. Irvine. 2 Altar of freestone, 3 ft. 0^ in. x 1 ft. 5 in., inscribed coh • t • /baetasi • r • /c • r. ("Tlie First Cohort of the Baetash, Roman citizens [erected this altar].") 3 Fragments of a Panel of freestone, inscribed (imp • cae)sari/t • ae(l • had • an)tonino av(g • Pio • pp • c)oh/t • (baetasior • c • )r • ob/vi(rtutkm • ET • fi)dkm. ("The first cohort of the Baetash made Roman citizens for their valour and loyalty [erected this] in honour of the Emperor Caesar Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius, Father of his Country.") 4 Three Drawings, showing Plan and Section of the Bar Hill Fort, near Kirkintilloch. Lent by George Macdonald, LLD. 5 Plan and Section of Roman Bath at Inchtuthill, Perth- shire. Lent by Thos. Ross. 6 Drawing of carved and inscribed Stone, found at Carriden, on the Firth of Forth, in 1868. Lent by Thos. Ross. 954 THE ROMAN SECTION 7 Three Framed Drawings, illustrating objects found in Rough Castle Fort, near Falkirk (two lamps of Clay and a bone comb). Lent by Mungo Buchanan. ON THE NOltTH WALL. 8 Selection of Illustrations, showing objects found in the Fort at Newstead, near Melrose. (Now in the National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh.) From "A Roman Frontier Post and its People," by Jas. Curie, F.S.A. (Scot.). Lent by James MacLehose & Sons. 9 Original Drawings in colour, illustrating glass beads, enamelled trappings, etc. (as preceding entry). Lent by James MacLehose & Sons. 10 Drawing of ''Arthur's O'on," a beehive structure built of dressed stone that stood on the lands of Stenhouse, near Falkirk, until removed in 1743. Its age and purpose have never been solved. Lent by D. K. Paterson. 11 Oak Pile, from the well at Bar Hill Fort, near Kirkintilloch. Length about 9 ft. Lent by Alex. Whitelaw. 12 Stone Columns, with carved capitals and molded bases. From Bar Hill Fort, near Kirkintilloch. Height 8 ft. 3i in. Lent by Alex. Whitelaw. CASE 21. Containing Chariot Wheel; remains of woodwork of Wind- lass and Bucket of the draw-well ; Soldier's Leather Knapsack ; Blacksmith's Leather Apron ; Shoes ; Skulls of Cattle, etc. ; three rudely carved Busts ; a number of Ballista Balls. From the Roman Fort on Bar Hill, near Kirkintilloch. Lent by Alex. Whitelaw. CASE 22. Containing Iron Hoops of the well-bucket; Bag of Iron Tools, Nails, etc. ; Bits, Buckles, Pallium-heads, and other iron objects; one small Bronze Pot; Black and Red Pottery, and fragments of Glass Ware; Bones and Teeth of Animals ; Writing Tablets and Pencil ; Buttons, Arrow-heads, and various small objects of metal ; ROMAN RELICS FROM THE FORT AT DAR HILL. SOUTH GALLERY 955 Vitreous Beads, Pins, etc; a few Coins of bronze and silver of the following reigns : Mark Antony, ab. 35 B.C. ; Vespasian, 69-79 a.d. ; Domitian, 81-96 a.d. ; Nerva, 96-98 A.D. ; Trajan, 98-117 a.d. ; Hadrian, 117-138 a.d. ; Marcus Aurelius, 161-182 a.d. From the Roman Fort on Bar Hill, near Kirkintilloch. Lent by Alex. Whitelaw. CASE 23. 1 Cast of the Bronze Visor of a helmet in the form of a human face. 2, 3, 4 Small Vessels of red earthenware (Terra Sigillata). 5, 6 Flat Saucer-shaped Vessels of black earthenware. Nos. 1-6, Objects found in the Roman Fort at New- stead, near Melrose, recently excavated. Lent by J as. Curle. 7-12 Six Vessels of thin yellow bronze, two being elaborately per- forated. Found at Helmsdale, Sutherlandsliire, in 1862. Lent by the Duke of Sutherland. 13 Bronze Patella, 6^ in. dia. 4 in. deep. Found at Durisdeer, Dumfriesshire. Lent by Dr. Grierson's Museum, Thornhill. 14 Six fragments of Bronze Vessels. Lent by Hawick Museum. 15 Six Pottery Stamps. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. 16 Iron Scythe Blade, from Bar Hill Fort, near Kirkintilloch. Lent by Alex. Whitelaw. 17 Piece of a Hypocaust Tile, showing impressions of an animal's foot. From the Fort at Rough Castle, near Falkirk. Lent by Mungo Buchanan. 18 Fragment of coloured Plaster, from the bath of the villa at Inchtuthill, Perthshire. Lent by Mungo Buchanan. 956 FURNITURE SECTION FURNITURE SECTION. 1 Arm Chair, Used by Sir Walter Scott, as Sheriff of the county of Selkirk. Lent by Town Council of Selkirk. 2 Arm Chair, with concealed drawer for pens, candlestick, etc. 18th century. Used by the last Lord Chancellor of Scotland. Lent by the Committek or the M'Lean Museum, Greenock. 3 Oak Settle, in which are included pieces of wood carving from the Parish Church of St. Nicholas, Aberdeen. 17th century. Leut by ihe Town Council and Kirk Session of Aberdeen. 4 Lord Ealnierino's Chair. 17th century. Lent by the Corporation of Edinburgh. 5 Chair of carved oak. Said to have belonged to George Buchanan, but })robabIy a little later. Lent by Sir John Stirling-Maxwell. 6 Carved Jacobean Chair. Said to be from Stirling Palace. Lent by Theodore Napier. 7 Arm Chair, with plain panel back, of early 18th century. Lent by Alexander Blair. 8 School Training Chair. Early 19th century. Lent by Rev. D. G. Barron. .9 Chair of the Great Marquis of Montrose. Lent hy The Duke of Montrose. 10 Chair and Garden Trowel, which belonged to David Ritchie, the Black Dwarf. Lent by Chambers's Institute, Peebles. 1 1 Carved Oak High-backed Chair, said to be from Holy rood Palace. Lent by Theodore Napier. 12 Carved Oak High- backed Chair, said to be from Dunfermline Palace. Leut by Theodore Napier. 14 Transferred to Burgh al Relics. 15 Dutch Cabinet, which belonged to Sir Robert Sibbald. (See portrait, No. ] 28). Lent by the Senate of the New College, Edinburgh. 16 Carved and Inlaid Oak Chest, inscribed with scriptur.-d quota- tions anil "John Co wane's Gifte to ve Cittie of Stirling, 1636." Lent by the Incorporation of the Guildry of Stirling. CHARIOT WHEEL (Case 22, Page 954), ROMAN ALTAR (Art. 2, Page 953), AND STONE COLUMNS (Art. 12, Page 954), from the Roman Fort at Bar Hill. SOUTH GALLERY 957 17 Transferred to Ecclesiastical Section. 18 Carved Oak Chair, inscribed "Thomas Robertson, Deacon Coijviiier, Grace me Gyd 1633." Presented by Thomas Robertson, a member of the Shoemakers' lucorporaiion of the Seven Incorporated Trades of Aberdeen, 1633. Lent by the Trades' Hospital, Aberdeen. 19 Oak Table. Said to have been used in Glasgow Cathedral. Lent by the Trustees of the late J. O. Mitchell. 20 Carved Oak Arm Chair, with the arms of the Fleshers' Incor- poration, and dated 1661, with coat of arms of the Watson family, and initials, a. w. deacon convener. Lent by ttie Trades' Hospital, Aberdeen. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. CASE 20. The bagpipe has been associated with the Celt from very early times. The " Piob " — or to give the Pipe its full Celtic designa- tion, " Piobmhala " — was introduced by the Celt into Northern Italy many years before the Christian era. The Romans christened it as "Tibia Utricularis," and the pipers they called " Utricularii." To-day the old Celtic names alone survive in " Piva " the bagpipe, and " Pifierari the pipers. The earliest mention of the instrument in Scotland with which we are acquainted is to be found in the writings of Gerald Barry (b. 1118). Barry tells us that it was even at this early date one of Scotland's best known musical instruments. The next unimpeachable reference is to be found in one of the old Exchequer Rolls, which was unearthed and published some 20 jears ago. In the year 1365 there is an entry of payment to King David's piper. After the 14th century, Scottish history is full of references to both " pipes " and pipoi's. No social function was considered complete without the piper. King James I. was playing tlie bagpipe on the very evening of his so base assassination. The first bagpipe was droneless. The addition of the drone was the greatest improvement ever carried out on the "pipe." Even as late as 1548, droneless pipes were common, for we read of two kinds of bagpipe — the first, " a drone bagpipe," the second, "a bagpipe consisting of ane reid and ane bleddir." The second small drone was added in the 16th century, and this two-drone bagpipe remained the " Great War Pipe " of the Highlander down to the beginning of the 19th century. In 1822 or 1823 the Highland Society for the first time tabooed the two-drone pipe at the annual championship competition, and insisted — in the interests of 958 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS f airplay — on three drones being used. The three-drone bag- pipe is now in universal use. In the collection of bagpipes now on view in the Palace of History, there are two very good examples of the old Highlander's two-drone bagpipe — No. 1 and No. 5. No. 2 is an excellent example of the early three-drone pipe. From the absence of the modern "combing" on the drones, and the presence of the classical pear-shaped terminals, this bagpipe must rank as one of the oldest three-drone Highland bagpipes in existence. In Lowland Scotland the intro- duction of the bellows-pipe caught the public fancy, and the more useful, because louder-toned, "Great War Pipe" was largely relegated to the Highlands. Nos. 7 and 8 are specimens of the Lowland pipe. No. 6 is a very interesting type of bagpipe from the Outer Hebrides. We have seen a drawing of an old Islay bagpipe showing a good deal of similar inlaid work on the drones, but, in our opinion, this latter came somewhere from the shores of the Baltic, and was an old German bagpipe. 1 Set of Highland Bagpipes, mounted with horn, which belonged to John Macgregor, piper to the late Duke of Atholl, said to have been played by his grandfather, John Mac-an Sgeulaich, in the battles of the Campaign, 1745-6. Lent by the Duke of Atholl. 2 Set of Highland Bagpipes, silver-mounted, gifted by Lord Seaforth to Lieut. -Col. Sir John MacRa of Ardintoul, 1797. Lent by Capt. Colin MacRae. 3 The " Black Chanter of Kintail," gifted by Lord Seaforth to Lieut.-Col. Sir John MacRa of Ardintoul, 1797. Lent by Capt. Colin MacRae. 4 Set of Highland Bagpipes, mounted with bone and dated 1824. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw 5 Set of Highland Bagpipes, mounted with bone; early 19th century. Lent by Macleod of Macleod. 6 Set of Highland Bagpipes, of light brown wood inlaid with ivory and ebony. Early 19th century. Lent by W. & M. MacGillivray. 7 Set of Lowland Bagpipes of yellow wood, mounted with bone and brass. Close of 18th century. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 8 Set of Lowland Bagpipes, mounted with bone; early 19th century. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. SOUTH GALLERY 959 9 Set of Lowland Chamber Bagpipes, ivory mounted and signed Naughton, abd. (Aberdeen). The Chanter is modern. Early 19th century. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 10 Old Shepherd's Pipe. Lent by Tom Scott. 11 Fife, which belonged to the late Kenneth Ferguson of the 79th Cameron Highlanders, played upon at the retreat from Corunna and Waterloo. Lent by W. & M. MacGillivray. 12 Flute or Fife, said to have been played upon at Culloden. Lent by Tom Scott. 13 Flute-au-Bec, signed J. Skeoch, 1731. Lent by R. C. Crawford. 14 Two Jew's Harps, in rudely carved wooden case. Lent by Mrs. Macdonald Stewart. 15 Old Border Tooting Horn, initialled m.a., ornamented with zig-zag lines and crescent forms, close of 17th century. Lent by Tom Scott. 16 Pair of Cymbles or Cymbals, which form part of Fenwick Village Band. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 17 Amati Violin, which belonged to George Thomson, who published collections of Scottish, Welsh, and Irish Airs, and was a correspondent of Robert Burns. Lent by John Paterson. 18 Old Scotch Tenor Violin. Lent by James M'Dougall. 19 Stradivarius Violin, which belonged to Sir Alexander BosAvcll of Auchinleck, antiquarian and poet, who was killed in a duel in 1822 by James Stuart of Dunearn, whom he had attacked in the Glasgow Sentinel." Lent by John Paterson. 20 Psaltery made in Dumbarton early in the 19th century. Lent by R. C. Crawford. 21 The La MONT Harp. This ancient specimen of an ancient Scottish Highland Harp was for several centuries in the possession of the Robertsons of Lude, the family tradition being that it was brought from Argyllshire by a daughter of the Lament family on her marriage Avith the laird of Lude, in the year 1464. Even at this date it must have " been an old knocked-about, battered, broken and mended instrument, with a pretraditional story we can now never hear." It is the most ancient instrument of the 960 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS kind in Great Britain, if not the oldest harp now remaining in Europe. That now preserved in Trinity College, Dublin, and popularly known as that of Brian Boru, is its only rival on the score of age. This harp is 38 inches in length and 18^ inches in breadth from front to back, and the string band is pierced for thirty-two strings. The metal " shoes of the strings" are probably thirteenth-century work; while the projecting block of solid wood for the support of the fore pillar points to a period anterior to the fourteenth- century. The box has been hollowed out from behind in the usual Highland fashion, but the back piece is comparatively modern. The repairs with iron clasps are centuries old. "It may be observed," says one writer, ''that it is a plain instrument made more for use than ornament ; rather fitted for the wandering minstrel than for noble or royal hands." Lent by W. Mom Bryce. EARLY PIANOS. The earliest forms of this type of musical instrument used in Scotland were imported from England and abroad. It is only when we come to the closing years of the 18th century that the spinet appears as manufactured in Scotland, and that by one or two Edinburgh makers (No. 22.) The examples shown illustrate pretty clearly the development down to our own times. C. E. W. 22 Spinet or Spinnet, made by Logan in Edinburgh in 1779. Lent by Alexander Murray. 23 Piano, made by Messrs John & Robert Wood, Edinburgh, 1813. Lent by Messrs. Patterson & Sons. 24 Piano made by Messrs. Muir, Wood & Co., in Edinburgh, early 19th century. Lent by William R. Sajiutiel. 25 Cabinet Piano, made by John Marr, Aberdeen. First half 19th century. Lent by W. Irvine Fortescue. 26 Seraphine, manufactured by Alexander Findlay in Kirkin- tilloch in 1845. Lent by A. & R. Findlay. SOUTH GALLERY 961 MEDIAEVAL OBJECTS. CASE 24. THE THREE-LEGGED BRONZE OR BRASS POT. These vessels are globular in shape, with a high projecting rim, two fixed angular handles, and three legs. They have been a puzzle to antiquaries, but are now put down as mediaeval cooking pots. When they came into use cannot be said, but they are understood to have survived until the introduction of the similar cast-iron pot in the latter half of the 18th century. THE BRASS EWER. These vessels have three feet, a spout, terminating often in a lion's head, and a handle. They were used chiefly for domestic purjjoses, and are mediaeval. MEDIAEVAL EARTHENWARE. The small collection of mediaeval earthenware shows the form of jug used for ordinary domestic purposes. They are made of native clay salt glazed, green, yellow, or brown, and are very rare to find complete on account of their fragility. They have been found built into the walls of houses, but with what purpose has never appeared (Nos. 22 and 27). Charles E. Whitelaw, I. A., F.S.A. (Scot.). 1 Large Bronze Three-legged Pot, 11 in. dia.xlO^ in. high. Lent by Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow. 2 Bronze Tripod Pot, 12 in. dia.xl3 in. high. Lent by Kirkcudbright Museum. 3 Bronze Pot, 14 in. dia.xll^ in. high. Found on Galston Moor. Lent by Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow. 4 Bronze Three-legged Pot, 10^ in. dia.xl2 in. high. Lent by Dumfries and Maxwelltown Observatory. 5 Bronze Three-legged Pot, 12 in. dia.xl2 in. high. Dug out of Moss at Kinniemouth, Aberdeenshire, about 1855. Lent by Major-Gen. F. S. Russell of Aden. 6 Bronze Three-legged Ewer or Jug, 9 in. dia.xO in. high. Found in peat moss at Coldingham, Berwickshire. Lent by Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow. 7 Bronze Three-legged Ewer or Jug, 9^ in. dia.xll in. high. Lent by the Town Council of Aberdeen. 2h 962 MEDIAEVATi OBJECTS 8 Bronze Three-legged Ewer or Jug, with handle, 7^ in. dia. X 10^ in. high. Turned up by the plough near Bathgate. Lent, by Dr. Kirk. 9 Bronze Three-legged Ewer or Jug, 6^ in. dia.x7i in. high. Found near Crookston Castle. Lent by A. Henderson Bishop. 10 Bronze Three-legged Pot, 7^ in. dia.x7| in. high. Lent by Arbroath Museum. 11 Bronze Three-legged Pot, 7^ in. dia.x9f in. high. Lent by Tom Scott. 12 Bronze Three-legged Pot, 9^ in. dia. X 10 in. high. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 13 Circular Lead Box, 12 in. dia. Found in 3 ft. of peat moss at Glenrath, Peeblesshire. It seems to have contained bones. Lent by Chambers Institute, Peebles. 14 Bronze Three-legged Pot, 5^ in. dia. xOJ in. high. Found at Dreva Farm, Biggar, on the Stobo estate, 1862. Lent by Sir Basil Montgomery. 15 Bronze Three-1 gged Pot, 4^ in. dia.x8 in. high. Lent by Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow. 16 Bronze Three-legged Pot, 5 in. dia.x9 in. high. Lent by Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow. 17 Bronze Three-legged Pot, 5^ in. dia.x8| in. high. Found at Dalrymple. Lent by Carnegie Library, Ayr. 18 Brass Ewer (without legs), 5f in. high. Found on the site of Lesmahagow Abbey. Lent by Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow. 19 Brass Three-legged Ewer, 8^ in. high. Found in the Mount Bog, Castle Craig, Peeblesshire. Lent by Tom Scott. 20 Brass Three-legged Ewer, 8^ in. high. Lent by John Corrie. 21 Brass Three-legged Ewer, lOJ in. high. Found in Aber- deenshire. Lent by T. W. Dewar. 22 Salt-glazed Earthenware Jug, 5J in. dia. x6 in. high. Found built in the wall of an old house in Whitehall Close, Dundee. (See also No. 27.) Lent by Dundee Free Library Committee. SOUTH GALLERY 963 23 Salt-glazed Earthenware Jug, 5 in. dia. x 6^ in. high. Dug up at Lintwhite, Bridge of Weir. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 24 Red Clay Flower Pot, S in. high. Found in excavating on the estate of Auchlenchries, where a pottery had been carried on about 1670. Lent by Arbuthnot Museum, Peterhead. 25 Salt-glazed Earthenware Jug, 4^ in. high. Dug up at Clydebank. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 26 Salt-glazed Jug, 8^ in. high, with two ornamented bands. Found on the west side of High Street, below the foun- dation of an old lock-up called Kitty's Kist. Lent by Montrose Museum. 27 Salt-glazed Earthenware Jug, 6^ in. high. Found built in the wall of an old house in Whitehall Close, Dundee. (See also No. 22.) Lent by Dundee Free Library Committee. 28 Salt-glazed Earthenware Jug, 7^ in. high. Found 4 ft. below the surface of the New Road, Port Henry, 1877. Lent by Arbuthnot Museum, Peterhead. 29 Salt-glazed Earthenware Jug, 6 in. high. Found at Auchin- vole Castle. Lent by Alex. Park. 30 Bronze Three-legged Pot, with long handle, 8 in. dia. x8^ in. high. The handle has the three concentric circles orna- ment repeated several times. Lent by Arbroath Museum. 31 Bronze Three-legged Pot, with handle, 5^ in. dia.xS in. high. The handle has the three concentric circles orna- ment repeated several times. Found on the farm of Burncastle, Lauder, 1898. Lent by Tom Scott. 32 Mediaeval Pottery Jar, 3 in. dia. by 6 in. high. Lent by Aberdeen University. 33 Collection of S.W. Scottish green or yellow glazed mediaeval Pottery Fragmb:nts, showing most of the decorative styles, including wavy lines ; also base of vessel cut into a small cup in ancient times, but after the original vessel had been broken. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 964 OBJECTS OF ECCLESIASTICAL USE ECCLESIASTICAL SECTION. I. OBJECTS OF ECCLESIASTICAL USE. In almost any other country of Europe this section would probably be the largest in the Historical part of an Exhibi- tion. Scotland, however, is in the unfortunate position of having less to show in this department of archaeology than any other Christian country. Nowhere else has the destruc- tion of what is ancient been so complete, and nowhere else have circumstances produced so little to show for what may be called the more recent historic period. The plunder- ing expeditions of the Northmen in the 9th and 10th centuries, and a drastic reformation in the 11th, followed by a strong Anglicising movement, left few remains of the art of Celtic Christianity other than sculptured stones and ruined churches. A far more drastic reformation in the 16th century made equal havoc of the furniture and ornaments of the mediaeval church. Even where a more liberal theological outlook attempted to supplant the extreme Puritanism of the 17th and 18th centuries, it had so little effect upon church services that those ages have left us the very minimum of ecclesiastical objects. It must be remem- bered that although a liturgy was used from the Reformation to 1645, and although Episcopacy was the established form of church government from 1610 to 1638 and from 1661 to 1689, the services were of the types associated with Presby- terianism rather than of those which were prevalent in England or Scandinavia. During the greater part of the 18th century Scottish Episcopalians were under severe penal disabilities, which made the use of any externals in public w^orship hazardous to a degree. Ecclesiastical objects that survived the 16th century Reformation in Scotland are of such extreme rarity that few of their owners will part with tnem to show at an exhibi- tion, even under the most favoured conditions. A large pro- portion — perhaps the majority of such objects — are in the National Museum of Antiquities at Edinburgh, and their guardians, the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, are pro- hibited from allowing anything which is national property to leave the museum. The principal relics of Celtic Christianity in Scotland, such as the hachul or crozier of St. Fillan and some Celtic bells, are now the property of the nation. Not a single ecclesiastical vestment survived the Reformation, so far as we know ; there is but one censer left, and one un- doubted altar candlestick, these also being in the National Museum. No mediaeval church plate has survived. Except only in the Norwegian Section, and in one instance of a military uniform, the rule laid down by the Historical Committee of only exhibiting original objects and excluding reproductions has been rigidly adhered to. Hence it has not been possible to illustrate church ornaments and vestments in a way that might have been the case under SOUTH GALLERY 965 more favourable circumstances, and which, it is hoped, will be found feasible at no distant date. An unfortunate accident has also made it impossible to represent by means of rubbings or photographs the extensive and unique series of early Christian crosses and monuments, which form the principal survival of Celtic Christian art in Scotland. The student will, therefore, do well to remember that there is a very long interval between the latest period illustrated in the Prehistoric Gallery and that of the some- what scanty relics of mediaeval Scotland. The principal representatives of this period are the eight Celtic bells in Case 28, and the cross-bearing Celtic gravestone in the middle of the South Gallery. — F. C. Eeles, ECCLESIASTICAL OBJECTS. Large Objects in South Gallery, in various Places, not IN Cases. ON EAST WALL. Cast Lead Panel,. bearing the arms of the city of Aberdeen, dated 1635, about 19 in.xl7 in. From cast lead sheet on roof of St. Nicholas, Aberdeen. There was at one time a great deal of fine lead work in Aberdeen, and good examples of the 16th and 17th centuries still remain at St. Nicholas (north transept) and King's College Chapel (spirelet on roof). Lent by William Kelly. BANGING FBOM GALLERY ON SOUTH SIDE. Great Hanging Candlestick, with two rows of branches, from Rothesay Parish Church. 18th century. Lent by the Rev. J. K. Hewison. IN SOUTH GALLEBY, NEAIl CASE 19. Chair, constructed of fragments of screenwork taken out of one of the Aberdeen churches in the 16th century. The screenwork dates from the end of the 15th or the begin- ning of the 16th century. Lent by the Incorporated Trades of Aberdeen. HANGING ON PILLAB ON SOUTH SIDE OF SOUTH GALLEBY, OVEB CASE 19. Two Carved Oak Panels, containing remains of inlay in i lighter wood. From Kirkwall Cathedral, c. 1680. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. OBJECTS OF ECCLESIASTICAL USE AT WEST END OF BELL STAND, IN THE MIDDLE OF SOUTH GALLEBY. Celtic Cross of the hollow-angled type, sculptured in relief upon a shallow sunk panel on a flattened water-worn boulder taken from the Dee, and used as a gravestone at the chapel on the island of Inchmarnoch. The stone was found on the site of the chapel on the island in the Aberdeenshire Dee, near Cambus o' May Station. It is of an uncommon type, and may be compared to the stone at lona known as St. Columba's Pillow. Lent by George Coutts. Lower part of octagonal shaft of Font, formerly in the Parish Church of Peebles. The base and the bowl are gone. Each side of the shaft is decorated with a sunk traceried panel, and each panel seems to have had different tracery. Probably 15th century. Lent by the Kirk-session of Peebles. Carved Capital, from the Cathedral Church of Galloway at Whithorn. Probably 15th century. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. ON SOUTH SIDE OF SOUTH GALLEBY, CLOSE TO THE WALL AND NEAB CASE NO. 15a. Piece of Oak Roof, from Glasgow Cathedral, c. 1275, with rough incised diagram, showing setting-off of a bay of vaulting. This diagram must have been cut by the masons while the wood was lying beside the church while in course of erection. Lent by H.M. Office of Works. Piece of Oak Roof of GlasgoAv Cathedral, c. 1275, showing remains of mouldings in two places. These mouldings were barbarously hacked off when the present ceiling was put up. Lent by H.M. Office of Works. Carved Wooden Upright, showing carved and moulded shafts in front and grooves on each side for the miseri- cords, from the choir stalls of Dunblane Cathedral. 16th century. Lent by the Kirk-session of Dunblane. Stool of Repentance. A wooden joint stool wHh turned legs, of the ordinary 17th century type, inscribed 16 . B . K . 94 and used in the Parish Church of Biggar, Lanarkshire, for the punishment of those who were found guilty of breaches of church discipline. Lent by the Kirk-session of Dupplin. SOUTH GALLERY 967 Wooden Stool of Repentance, from New Spynie Parish Church, Morayshire. Probably of the 18th century. Entirely devoid of ornament. Has a low back. Lent by the Rev. John Mair, per J. G. Robertson, Cawdor Estate Office, Nairn. Bracket for Baptismal Basin (?), of wrought iron, from Alloa Parish Church. 18th century. Lent by Alloa Museum. Wooden Box, from Dupplin Parish Church, Perthshire. Used by the Kirk-session for keeping money and com- munion tokens. Lent by the Kirk-session of Dupplin. At Entrance to Prehistoric Oallery. Wooden movable Open-air Pulpit, or Preaching Tent, from Kirkinichael Parish Church, Ayrshire. Probably of the 18th century. Formerly used at open-air communions. A large rectangular structure of pine wood, painted white, with sides sloping inwards towards the top. There is a plain door in one side, and an opening in front for the preacher, like a window, with a little renaissance ornament. The floor is about 3 ft. above tlie ^i^ronnd, and stands on the four main timbers which raise it from the ground like four legs, one at each corner. Lent by the Rev. John Kellie. ECCLESIASTICAL OBJECTS IN NOBTII GALLEBY. 16th century Wooden Reredos, from Aberdeenshire. Carved Stone Pieta. Cast of effigy of Robert Wisliart, bishop of Glasgow, in Glasgow Cathedral, c. 1316. A few Casts of carved work. Church Plate, both silver and pewter. (See pp. 87-96 and 101-105 of Catalogue.) Pictures of Clergy in vestments. (See Historical Portraits passim, especially Nos. 3 and 8.) CASES 5 AND 6. 1 Alms Dish, from the Tron Parish Church, Edinburgh, em- bossed with various ornaments and double-headed eagle in centre. Inscribed round edge of basin: " gifted to THE TRON church BY THE REV. MR. JAS. WINGATE 1745." Dia. 17^ in. The alms dish is about 200 years older than the date of this inscription. Netherlandish work. Lent by the Kirk-session of the Tron Parish, Edinburgh. 968 OBJECTS OF ECCLESIASTICAL USE 2 Alms Dish, from the Tron Parish Church, Edinburgh, em- bossed in centre with scene representing Adam and Eve and the Serpent. Inscribed round the edge of basin : " GIFTED TO THE TEON CHURCH BY GEO. SWAN BEADLE THEEE 1745." The alms dish is about 200 years older than the date of this inscription. Netherlandish work. Dia. 21| in. Lent by the Kiek-session or the Teon Parish, Edinburgh. 3 Alms Dish, embossed with a rose in the centre. Dia. 16| in. Netherlandish work. Lent by the Arbuthnot Museum, Peterhead. 4 Alms Dish, from Queensferry Parish Church, embossed with representation of the Lamb and Flag in centre, sur- rounded by an inscription in Gothic letter, which ap- pears to be meaningless. Dia. 22 in. This is the largest and finest of these alms dishes now remaining in Scotland. German work. Lent by the Kirk-session of Queensferry. 5 Alms Dish, from Canongate Parish Church, Edinburgh, em- bossed with various ornaments and scene in centre, representing Adam and Eve and the Serpent. Dia. 18^ in. Netherlandish work. Lent by the Kirk-session of Canongate Parish, Edinburgh. 6 Alms Dish, from Canongate Parish Church, Edinburgh, em- bossed with scene in centre representing the two spies carrying the bunch of grapes. Dia. 20;^ in. Nether- landish work. Lent by the Kirk-session op Canongate Parish, Edinburgh. 7 Alms Dish, from Duddingston Parish Church, embossed with Adam and Eve. Dia. 14 in. Lent by the Kirk-session of Duddingston. 8 Alms Dish, from Duddingston Parish Church, embossed with the two spies carrying the bunch of grapes. Dia. 13f in. Lent by the Kiek-session of Duddingston. 9 Alms Dish, from Fowlis Easter Parish Church, embossed with a scene representing Adam and Eve and the Serpent (in centre), surrounded by an inscription. Dia. 16 in. Given to Fowlis Easter Church by Andrew, 3rd Lord Grey, who died in 1485. German work. Lent by the Kiek-session of Fowlis Easter. 10 Alms Dish, embossed with flowers, and surrounded by a sham inscription. Dia. 16 in. German work. Lent by the Aebuthnot Museum, Peteehead. SOUTH GALLERY 969 11 Alms Dish, from Linlithgow Parish Church, embossed with Adam and Eve. Dia. 20| in. Netherlandish work. Lent by the Kirk-session of Linlithgow. 12 Alms Dish, from Abercorn Parish Church, ornamented with a blank shield, supported by two lions engraved in out- line. Dia. 20^ in. Netherlandish work. Lent by the Kirk-session op Abercorn. 13 Alms Dish, from Arbroath Parish Church, embossed with flowers, surrounded by a sham inscription. Dia. 15^ in. Netherbmdish work. Lent by the Kirk-session of Arbroath. 14 Alms Dish, embossed with the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the subject of which is treated in the usual late mediaeval way. Dia. 19| in. German work. Lent by the Kirk-session of Arbroath. 15 Alms Dish, from Closeburn Parish Church, Dumfriesshire, 16 embossed with the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, from the same mould as that in No. 14. Dia. 14y in. German work. Lent by the Kirk-sessiox of Closeburn-. 17 Alms Basin of Brass, 17^ in. dia. and 4 in. high, standing upon three feet. One of a pair. Inscribed: "canon- gate CHURCH 5th. JANUARY 1817." Lent by the Kirk-session of Canongate Parish, Edinburgh. 18 Brass Bracket for pulpit sand-glass, 18th century, with sand-glass, from Meigle Parish Church, Perthshire. Lent by Alfred W. Cox. 19 Oval Copper Christening Basin, used by the Covenanters. Lent by Rev. J. Robertson Cameron. 20 Piece of Carved Panelling, evidently representing the King's Cook who was hung over the Bridge of Lauder. From Stirling Palace. First half 16tli century. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 21 Piece of Gothic carved Screen Work, believed to be from a church in the North of Scotland. Late 15th century. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 22 Fragment of small Carved Slate Slab, 1 ft. 9^ in. long, with four crosses in low relief; from Cambuskenneth Abbey. Lent by Alloa Museum. 23 Three Glazed Tiles, probably from Kinloss Abbey. Lent by Falconer Museum, Forres. 24 Early Bronze Figure, with right hand raised in blessing and closed book in left hand; found at Holywood Abbey, Dumfriesshire. Lent by Dumfries and Maxwelltown Observatory. 25 Bronze Figure from a crucifix ; found on site of Greyf riars' Church, Dumfries. Lent by W. F. A. Kinnbar. 970 OBJECTS OF ECCLESIASTICAL USE 27 Carved Wooden Misericord of early 16th century date ; from one of the choir stalls of Dunblane Cathedral. Lent by Rev. Alexr. Ritchie. 28 Carved Wooden Spray, showing traces of gilding, from a boss in the roof of one of the Aberdeen Churches, pos- sibly the choir of St. Nicholas, the IStli century roof of which remained till the church was rebuilt in 1837. Lent by F. C. Ebles. 29 Corner of Stone Altar Slab, with an incised consecration cross surrounded by a circle and deeply cut. Probably of the 13th century. From the Abbey Church of Cold- inghani. Lent by C. E. Whitelaw. 30 Corner of Stone Altar Slab, from the old Parish Church of Lonmay, Aberdeenshire, which stood at the present village of St. Colms. Marked with a deeply-incised consecration cross. Probably 15th century. Lent by Rev. Duncan MacGregor. 31 Wooden Spoon, said to have been used by the priest of Fafferty Chapel, near Forfar, in pre-Reformation times, for collecting his tithe of meal. It was obtained from a Mrs. Wighton, whose family had possessed it for a very long period. Lent by Richard R. Morrison. 32 Small Oak Chest, with flat lid and two locks, used for keeping money belonging to the Kirk-session of Dun- fermline Abbey Church. Lent by Carnegie Dunfermline Church. 33 Small Oak Chest, with semi-circular lid and two locks, used for keeping money belonging to the Kirk-session of Cupar Fife. Lent by the Kirk-session of Cupar Fife. 34 Two Communion Cups, with rosewood stems and detachable 35 bowls, each made of half a cocoanut and bound with brass round the rim. Said to have been used by the Covenanters in their wanderings. Lent by the Rev. J. K. Hewison. 30 Small Basin, made of half a cocoanut, edged with brass round rim. Said to have been used for the communion bread by the Covenanters in their wanderings. This, with 34 and 35, are more probably of early Cameronian origin. Lent by the Rev. J. K. Hewison. 37 Communion Cup, turned out of birch, lOf in. high, 4| in. across bowl, with tall stem and flat foot. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. SOUTH GALLERY 971 38 Roughly-made Rosary of Wood, with very rudely carved crucifix, bearing the date 1822 on the back of it, although the crucifix itself appears to be much older. Probably made and used by Scottish Roman Catholics. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 39 Candlestick, made of thin sheet iron ; has no foot ; the stem is cylindrical and supports a large flattened cup, the side of which is slightly turned up in three divisions ; there is a very tall pricket, forked at the top. Found in Rothesay Parish Church. Perhaps a late mediaeval altar candlestick, the base of which has disappeared. Lent by the Rev. J. K. Hewison. 40 Portion of one of the boards of the large Bible said to have been at one time chained in St. Giles' Church, Edin- burgh. Lent by Dr. Kirk. 41 Small Stone Trough, from Lesmahagow Abbey; of un- known use. Compare No. 61. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 42 Wooden Shield, with the arms of William Chisholm, Bishop of Dunblane, 1527-1564, surmounted by a mitre. The colouring restored from traces of the original. Formerly in Dunblane Cathedral. Lent by Rev. Alexr. Ritchie. 43 Wooden Pitch Pipe, 15^ in. long, used by the precentor before the tuning fork came into use. Lent by Robert Robe. 44 Small Circular Piece of Brass, with a cross on each side, and pierced by a socket. Of unknown use; possibly the pommel of a sword. Lent by the Hawick Archaeological Society. 45 Two Brass Quaichs : one has lost both handles, the other one handle. Used for collecting for the poor at the communion table in the Parish Church, Cullen. Lent by the Kirk-session of Cullen. 46 Small Collecting Box, with hinged lid and two handles. Lent by Alfred Cox. 47 Wooden Collecting Ladle, with handle slightly ornamented. Formerly used in Corgarff Parish Church, Aberdeen- shire. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 48 Wooden Collecting Ladle, with long handle. Lent by Alfred Cox. 49 Wooden Collecting Ladle, with sliding lid to the box. Formerly used in the Parish Church of Birnie, Moray- shire, _ Lent by Elgin Museum. 972 OBJECTS OF ECCLESIASTICAL USE 50 Wooden Collecting Ladle. Used in Ellon Parish Church, Aberdeenshire, down to 1907. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 61 Collecting Ladle, with black enamelled metal basin and wooden handle. Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. 52-53 Wooden Collecting Ladles, the boxes lined with green baize. Formerly used in the Parish Church of Murroes, Forfarshire. Lent by Eichard E. Morrison. 54 Wooden Collecting Ladle, with short handle. Formerly used in the Parish Church of Dundee. Lent by the Victoria and Albert Institute, Dundee. 55-56 Wooden Collecting Ladles, with small basins, which are cut out of the same piece of wood as the handles. Formerly used in the Parish Church of Uphall, Linlithgowshire. Lent by the Kirk-session or Uphall. 57 Indicator, used by the precentor to show the psalm or hymn tune to be used. Of a kind formerly common in Glasgow churches. Lent by Egbert Barr. 58 Bracket for Baptismal Basin of wrought iron ; formerly attached to the pulpit of Hawick Parish Church. Probably early 18th century. Lent by the Hawick Archaeological Society. 59 Bracket for Baptismal Basin, of wrought iron ; formerly attached to the pulpit of W^ilton Parish Church, Eox- burghshire. Probably early 18th century. Lent by the Hawick Archaeological Society. 60 Bracket for Baptismal Basin, of wrought iron ; formerly attached to the pulpit of East Bank Secession Church, Hawick. Probably early 19th century. Lent by the Hawick Archaeological Society. 61 Stone Mortar-like Vessel, moulded and carved, with w^hat appears to be a handle at each side ; from Dunnottar Castle, Kincardineshire. Vessels of a not dissimilar character have at times been found in connection with religious foundations, but their use is unknown, and was more probably domestic. They may have been salt- cellars for the table. Compare No, 41. Lent by the Eev. D. G. Barron. 62 Case of small White Metal Pitch Pipes, used by a church precentor before the introduction of the organ. Each pipe is inscribed "Aeolian Pitch Pipe," and has the figure of a harp surrounded by '^t. walker inventor." The case originally held thirteen pipes ; of these the following remain: C, D, D#, E, Fj, G, B. Lent by Kirk-session of Wellroad U.F, Church, Moffat. SOUTH GALLERY 973 , 64 Two fragments of Screenwork, from a church in the south- West of Scotland, possibly the Cathedral of Galloway at Whithorn. The work is of unusual character. In No. 21 it will be noted that the double ogee-ed tracery fenestrations are placed horizontally across the top of the flattened ogee-headed multifoiled arch of the main opening. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 65 Fragment of Screenwork, from Kirkwall Cathedral. Said to be from the canopy of the Earl's pew. Perhaps originally part of the canopy work of the choir stalls. Probably 16th century. Lent by J. W. Cursiter. 66 Communion Cup of Wood, with small foot and no stem or knop. Probably used by Cameronians or Seceders in the West of Scotland in the 18th century. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 974 ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE. The earliest Scottish ecclesiastical literature — indeed the earliest Scottish literature of any kind — is liturgical. With the exception of the Coupar Angus MSS. of which facsimiles are shown, and which can hardly be ranked as Scottish literature, the works of John Major, 1469-1550, of which two are exhibited are almost the sole representatives of Scottish mediaeval theology. Of the Reformation period little is shown, partly owing to the extreme rarity of these books, partly because examples will be found among the early print- ing in the Mid-Gallery. Liturgies and church service books of all kinds have been treated as a separate subject and are shown in the group of Cases 15-18 and in Case 15a. Owing to unforeseen causes which need not be enumerated, the ecclesiastical literature had to be gathered somewhat hastily from as few sources as possible, and the available space was found to be more limited than was at first anticipated. Hence it was thought desirable to abridge the later and less interesting general section as far as possible by omitting most of the numerous volumes of 18th century sermons. As befits Glasgow, the Whig city, where the famous 1638 Assembly sat, and the capital of the West of Scotland, there is a large display of Covenanting literature, chiefly printed books, besides facsimiles of copies of the National Covenant. In other parts of the Exhibition are Covenanting documents, personal relics and flags, with a few of the more famous manuscripts of the 1638 Covenant, with signatures. It is believed that this is the largest collection of the kind ever brought together. It includes all the representative liter- ature of the subject from the period of the attack on the Perth Articles to the " killing time." Here are such works as Rutherford's "Lex Rex" in the earlier period, and Shields' " Hind let loose " in the later. The other side has not been ignored. Opposite the Covenanting cases will be found a series of representative books by theologians on the Episcopalian side, chiefly connected with the north of Scot- land and including original editions of the works of the Aberdeen doctors, such as John Forbes' " Irenicum," his "Peaceable Warning" and the " Considerationes Modestae et Pacificae " of Dr. William Forbes. For many of these the Committee is indebted to the University of Aberdeen. Besides the literature of the Established Church of Scot- land after the Revolution Settlement of 1690, there is a series of the works of the rigid Covenanters and their descendants who refused to accept that settlement and were called Cameronians. There is a remarkably complete series of early Secession literature relating to the anti-patronage movement under Ebenezer Erskine and the Associate Presbytery, with the divisions into which that body after- wards became resolved. Scottish Congregationalism is repre- sented by the works of John Glass. No literature after 1800 has been shown except (1) in the liturgical case and (2) certain 19th century reprints. SOUTH GALLERY 975 111 the later period, as in the earlier, an endeavour has been made to do justice to both sides, and the chequered history of the disestablished Scottish Episcopalians is fully illustrated, from the period of the Greenshields Case and the Toleration Act under Queen Anne to the Repeal of the Penal Laws in 1792. In this several original manuscripts are included. The large output of pamphlets against the Revolu- tion settlement from the Episcopalian and north of Scotland standpoint is well represented, and the consecration of the first American bishop, Samuel Seabury, at Aberdeen in 1784, is explained by contemporary documents and publications, both Scottish and American. Literature of the Reformation period and of the Coven- anters has been shown before in other exhibitions, though in the case of the Covenanters, at least, not with so great fulness, but it is believed that this is the first time that any attempt has been made to exhibit the literature of the Scottish Episcopalians or of the later Seceders and the Glassites. Liturgical literature has been made a separate section, and treated with especial detail in view of the enormously increased interest which is now being taken in the subject. In the book titles in the catalogue, verbal and literal accuracy has been aimed at, but it cannot be claimed that this extends in all cases to the use of capitals, and it has been necessary to abridge some of the larger titles : such abridgement has been indicated thus .... in all cases. F. C. E. GASES 7 AND 8. I. PRE-REFORMATION PERIOD. 1 Specimen pages reproduced from a manuscript of the psalter, Avith commentary of Peter Lombard, written in the second half of the 12th century in Irish script, which formerly belonged to the Cistercian Abbey of Coupar- Angus. The manuscript is now in the Vatican Library at Rome (MS. Palat. lat. 65.) This type of writing was called scottica on the Continent from the 9th to the 13tli century, in later times by Mabillon Saxon, and with more reason by Traube insular. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 2 Specimen pages reproduced from a manuscript of the Ilistoria Anglorum of the Venerable Bede and the Purgatorium S. Patricii, written about 1200 a.d. probably at Durham, which formerly belonged to the Cistercian Abbey at Coupar-Angus. The manuscript is now in the Vatican Library at Rome (MS. Regin. lat. 694.) Lent by F. C. Eeles. 976 ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE 3 Exponibilia magistri loliannis Maioris. Paris, 1503. By John Major or Mair, the great Scottish theologian of the time immediately preceding the Reformation. Born at Haddington, he lectured at Paris, 1505-1518; was Professor of Philosophy and Divinity at Glasgow, 1518; taught at St. Andrews, 1522, at Paris, 1525-31, and again at St. Andrews 1531, where he was Provost of St. Salvator's College, 1533-1550. Lent by the University Libeary, Aberdeen. 4 lohannis Maioris doctoris theologi In Quartum Sententiarum quaestiones vtilissimae. Venundantur a sui impressore lodoco Badio in officina lodoci Badii Ascensii, 1519. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 5 Kennedy (Quentin, Abbot of Crossraguel). Ane compendius tractiue conforme to the Scripturis of almichty God, ressoun, and authoritie ... be Maister Qvintine Kennedy commendatar of the abbay of Crosraguell. . . . [St. Andrews or Edinburgh? J. Scot.] 1558. Lent by the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. II. REFORMATION PERIOD. 6 An answer to a great nomber of blasphemous cauillations written by an Anabaptist, and aduersarie to God's eternal Predestination, and confuted by John Knox, minister of God's worde in Scotland. [Geneva] John Crespin, 1560. Lent by Sir John Stirling Maxwell. 7 Psalmorum Davidis paraphrasis poetica, nunc primum edita, authore Georgio Buchanano. . . . [Parisiis.] Apud Henricum Stephanum .... et ... . Robertum Stephanum [1565.] Lent by Sir John Stirling Maxwell. 8 A discoverie of the vnnatvral and traiterous conspiracie of Scottish Papists, against God, his Church, their natiue Countrie, the King's Maiesties person and estate. . . . London : printed by R. F. for John Norton, 1593. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 9 In epistolam s. Pauli apostoli and Ephesios, Robert Rolloci, Scoti, Ecclesie Edinburgensis Ministri, commentarins. Geneva, 1592. Rollock was Principal of the University of Edinburgh. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. 10 Certaine sermons vpon severall places of the epistles of Pavl. Preached be M. Robert Rollok, minister of the evangell of lesus Christ at Edinbvrgh. Edinburgh, Hy. Charteris, 1599. Lent by John Ore. SOUTH GALLERY 977 11 The trve lawe of Free Monarchies. Or the reciprock and mutuall dutie betwixt a free King and his naturall Subiects. London, 1603. Lent hy Rev. J. Sturrock. 12 Viri clarissimi A. Melvini musae et P. Adamsoni vita et palindoia. 1620. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. 13 The history of the reformation of religion within the reahn of Scotland . . . by . . . John Knox. Glasgow, 1761. Lent by F. C. Eeles. III. EPISCOPALIAN AND ANTI-COVENANTING LITERA- TURE, INCLUDING THE WORKS OF THE ABER- DEEN DOCTORS, 1610-1690. 14 A defence of the lawfvl calling of the ministers of reformed chvrches, against the cavillations of Romanists ... by Patrick Forbes, of Corse. . . . Middelburgh, 1614. Patrick Forbes was afterwards Bishop of Aberdeen. A defence of the validity of Presbyterian ordinations. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 15 De non temerandis ecclesiis. A tract of the rights and respect due vnto chvrches ... by Sir Henry Spelman, Knight. Edinburgh, Andre Hart, 1616. A Scottish reprint. 16 The lawfvlnes of kneeling, in the act of receiuing the Sacrament of the Lordes Supper. Writc-en by M. John Michaelson, preacher of God's word, at Bvrnt-Yland. St. Andrews, Edward Raban, 1620. Lent by the University Library, Aberdeen. 17 A true narration of all the passages of the proceedings in the generall Assembly of the Church of Scotland, holden at Perth the 25 of August, Anno Dom. 1618 . . . with a iust defence of the articles therein concluded. . . . By Dr. Lyndesay, Bishop of Brechen. London [1621.] Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 18 De disciplina ecclesiastica brevis et modesta dissertatio, ad Ecclesiam Scoticam. Avtore Gallo quodam tlieologo, verbi divini ministro. [D. Tilenus.] Aberdeen, Raban, 1622. Lent by the University Library, Aberdeen. 19 Raine from the clovds, vpon a choicke angel : or, a returned answere, to that common quaeritur of our adversaries, Where was your Church before Luther? Digested into 978 ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE severall meditations, according to the difference of points. Extorted off the author, for stilling the vncessant, and no lesse clamorous coassation of some patmicke frogges, against the lawfulnesse of our calling, [Patrick Forbes, bishop of Aberdeen.] Aberdeen. Eaban, 1624. Lent by the University Library, Aberdeen. 20 Abredonia atrata, sub obitum serenissimi et potentissiini monarchae, lacobi VI pacifici . . . Aberdeen, Raban, 1625. Lent by the University Library, Aberdeen. 21 Eubulus, or a dialogue, where-in a rugged Romish ryme (inscribed Catholicke Questions, to the Protestant) is confuted, and the questions there-of answered. By P[atricius]. A[berdonensis]. [i.e. Patrick Forbes, bishop of Aberdeen.] Aberdeen, Raban, 1627. Lent by the University Library, Aberdeen. 22 The Workes of Mr. William Cowper, late Bishop of Galloway, now newly collected into one volume. Where- unto is added a commentary on the Revelation never before published. 2nd Edition. London, 1629. Open at the sectional title page : Seven dayes confer- ence between a catholick christian, and a catholick Romane. Concerning some controuersies of religion. By William Cowper, Bishop of Galloway. London, 1629. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 23 Irenicum amatoribus veritatis et pacis in ecclesia Scoticana. Prece et studio loannis Forbesii, SS. Theologiae Doctoris, et ejusdem Professoris in Academia Aber- doniensi. Aberdeen, Raban, 1629. The well-known attempt to reconcile the two great ecclesiastical parties in the 17th century. Lent by the Leighton Library, Dunblane. 24 A Christian and Heavenly Treatise : containing physicke for the soule : very necessary for all that would enjoy true soundnesse of Minde, and peace of Conscience. By M. I. Abernethy, late Bishop of Cathnes. The third edition. London, 1630. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 25 Ad Georgii Turnebulli tetragonismvm, psevdographvm, apodixis catholica, sive apologia pro disputatione de formali objecto fidoi . . . authore Roberto Baronio, ecclesiaste Abredonensi, S.S. Theologiae Doctore, et ejusdem in Academia Mareschallana professore. Aber- deen, Raban, 1631. By Robert Baron, one of the most famous of the " Aberdeen Doctors." Lent by the University Library, Aberdeen. SOUTH GALLERY 979 26 Disputatio theologica de vero discrimine peccati mortalis et venialis. . . . Authore, Robert Baronio. Oxonii, 1658. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 27 Gemitus Ecclesiae Scoticanae, sive tractatus de sacrilegio. Ex libro octavo Theologiae Moralis, loannis Forbesii, S.S. Theologiae Doctoris, et ejusdem Professoris in Academia iiuerdoniensi. Aberdeen, Raban, 1631. Lent by the University Library, Aberdeen. 27a Theologiae moralis, liber octavus . . . studio loannis Forbesii. . . . Aberdeen, Raban, 1632. By Dr. John Forbes of Corse. Lent by the University Library, Aberdeen. 28 Funerals of a right reverend father in God Patrick Forbes of Corse, Bishop of Aberdfne [sic]. ToO iv ayiois. Rev^ren- dissimi in Christo Patris, Patricii Forbesii a Corse, Episcopi Abredonensis, Tvmvlus. Abredeen. Raban, 1635. A very remarkable book. Mr. Edmond says that it " ap- pears to have been edited by David Lindsay, Parson of Belhelvie, but Dr. John Forbes of Corse is also said to have superintended its production. Both editors con- tributed to the collection, which includes Sermons, Orations, Letters, and Verses in English and Latin by the following: King James VI., Abp. Spottiswood, Bishops Guthrie, Sinsarffe, Maxwell, Bellenden, Lind- say, and AVishart ; Doctors Arthur Johnston, William Johnston, Robert Baron, Alexander Scrogie, William Guild, James Sibbald, Alexander Ross, Patrick Panter, William Lesly, and William Gordon ; Professors John Lundie, John Seton, David Leech, John Armour, Alexander Garden, and John Rae ; Sir Alexander Cumming, Messrs. Robert Gordon of Straloch, James Sandilands, Andrew Ramsay, Robert Magnus, Ninian Campbell, Robert Watson, David Wedderburne, William Wallace, Robert Downie, Alexander Garden, Advocate, Thomas Wallace, John Hamilton, William Lauder, Patrick Jamison, James Gordon, John Kemp, James Keith, George Robertson, John Taylor, Alexander Downie, Patrick Maitland, William Wishart, Thomas Mitchell, Alexander Whyte, John Johnston, and Edward Raban. On pages 428-429 is printed " Raban's Regrate, for the present losse of his very good Lord, Patron, and Master, Patrick Forbes, Bishop of Aber- dene,' signed ' Edward Raban, Master Printer, the first in Aberdene.' " Lent by the University TiiBRARY, Aberdeen. 29 Paraphrasis poetica psalmorum Davidis. Auctore Arturo lonstono, Scoto. Accesserunt ejusdem Cantica evan- gelica, symbolvm apostolicvm, oratio dominica, deca- logvs. Aberdeen, Raban, 1637. Bound in same vol. his Parerga et Epigrammata, 1632. Lent bv the University Library, Aberdeen. 980 ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE 30 Generall Demands, concerning the late Covenant; pro- pounded by the ministers and professors of divinitie in Aberdene : to some reverend brethren, who came thither to recommend the late Covenant to them, and to those who are committed to their charge : together with the answeres of those reverend brethren to the sayd Demands : as also the Replyes of the foresayd ministers and professors to their answeres. Aberdeen, Raban, 1638. The first edition of this famous pamphlet. The covenanting party sent three ministers to Aberdeen to induce the episcopalian and anti-covenanting inhabitants to take the Covenant. The divinity professors of the university met them with these "Demands" to which they immediately wrote "Answers" to which the Doctors replied: the Covenanters wrote "Second Answers " and these the Aberdeen theologians answered with " Duplies." Lent by the University Library, Aberdeen. 31 The answeres of some brethren of the ministerie, to the replyes of the ministers and professours of divinitie in Aberdene ; concerning the late Covenant. 1638. The second series of answers by the Covenanting divines. Lent by the University Library, Aberdeen. Duplies of the ministers and professors of Aberdene, to the second answers of some reverend brethren concern- ing the late covenant. [Edinburgh] 1638. Lent by the University Library, Aberdeen. 32 A peaceable warning, to the subjects in Scotland : given in the yeare of God 1638. [By Dr. John Forbes of Corse.] Aberdeen, Raban, 1638. Lent by the University Library, Aberdeen. "An answere to M. I. Forbes of Corse his peaceable warning ' [n.p.], 1638, is generally attributed to Calderwood. (See No. 27a.) 33 The declinator and protestation of the Archbishops and Bishops, of the Church of Scotland, and others their adherents within that kingdome, against the pretended generall assembly holden at Glasgow Noverab. 21, 1638. London, 1639. Signed by John [Spottiswoode], Abp. of St. An- drews, Patrick [Lindsay], Abp. of Glasgow, David [Lindsay], Bp. of Edinburgh, Thomas [Sydserf], Bp. of Galloway, John [Maxwell], Bishop of Ross, and Walter [Whitford], Bishop of Brechin. Lent by Miss E. H. Dowden. 34 An antidote agaynst poperie : fit (God willing) to preserue and arme everie one agaynst the seduction thereof. . . . SOUTH GALLERY 981 By William Gvild, D.D., minister at Aberdene. Aber- deen, Raban, 1639. Dr. Guild was a voluminous writer. Unlike the other Aberdeen professors of the day he took the Covenant. Lent by the University Library, Aberdeen. 35 A speech, delivered at the Visitation of Downe and Conner, held at Lisnegarvy, 26tli September, 1638. Wherein, for the convincing of the Nonconformists, there is a full con- futation of the Covenant lately sworne and subscribed by many in Scotland. London, 1639. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. 36 The Vngirding of the Scottish Armour : or an answer to the informations for Defensive Armes against the Kings Majestie, which were drawn up at Edenburgh, by . . . the three Tables of the rigid Covenanters. . . . By John Corbet, minister of Bonyl. Dublin, 1639. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 37 A letter of a French Protestant to a Scotishman of the Covenant. Wherein one of their chiefe pretences is re- moved, which is their conforniitie with the French Churches in points of Discipline and Obedience. Lon- don, 1640. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. 38 The Epistle congratulatorie of Lysimachus Nicanor of the Societie of Jesu, to the Covenanters in Scotland. Wherein is paralleled our sweet Harmony and corres- pondency in clivers materiall points of Doctrine and Practice. [John Maxwell, Bishop of Boas.] n.|). 1640. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 39 Instructiones Historico Theologicae, de doctrina Christiana . . . prece et studio loannis Forbesii, a Corse, presbyteri, et SS. Theologiae Doctoris et ejnsdemque Professoris in Academia Aberdoniensi. Amsterdam, 1645. The first edition of the most extensive work by any Scottish theologian. Lent by the Leighton Library, Dunblane. 39a R. V. Joannis Forbesii a Corse Opera omnia. 2 vols. Amsterdam, 1703. The complete edition of the works of Dr. John Forbes, with life by Dr. George Carden. The second volume contains the " Instructiones," see also No. 39, which went through several editions. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 982 ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE 40 The Burthen of Issachar : or The Tyrannicall Power and Practises of the Presbyteriall Government in Scotland-, {I. Parochiall Session. II. Presbyterie. III. Provinciall Synods. IV. Generall Assembly. With the Articles of Presbyterian Faith inconsistent with Monarchic. Whereby it is evident, that Presby- teriall Fingers are heavier then Episcopall Loynes ; these correcting with a Rod, those with a Scorpion, n.p. 1646. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 41 The papers which passed at New-Castle betwixt his sacred majestic and Mr. Alex : Henderson : concerning the change of Church-Government. Anno Dom. 1646. London, 1649. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 42 Considerationes modestae et pacificae controversiarum de justificatione, purgatorio, invocatione sanctorum et Christo mediatore, eucharistia. Per Gulielmum Forbesium S.T.D. et Episcopum Edenburgensem primum. Opus posthumum, diu desideratum. Londini, 1658. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 43 Diverse select sermons upon severall texts of holy scripture, preached by that reverend and faithfull servant of Jesus Christ, D. James Sibbald ; doctour of divinity, late preacher of the gospell at Aberdene, three-after at Dublin, in Ireland. Published after his death. Aber- deen, Brown, 1658. Lent by the University Library, Aberdeen. 44 The throne of David, or an exposition of the second of Samuell. By William Guild, D.D. and minister of God's word at King Edward in Scotland. Oxford, 1659. Lent by John Orr. 44a jMoscs unvailed : or, those figures which served unto the pattern and shadovr of heavenly things, pointing out the Messiah Christ Jesus, briefly explained .... by William Gvild, minister of God's word at King-Edward in Scotland. Glasgow, 1701. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 45 Britannia Rediviva, or a gratulatory sermon for his majesties safe arrivall and happy restitution to the exercise of his royall government. Preached at the desire of the Magistrats and Councell of Aberdene, on the xix. of June, which they had designed to be a day of solemne rejoycing within the city, for the mercy SOUTH GALLERY 983 above mentioned, by John Menzeis, professor of Divinity : and preacher of the gospell in Aberdene. Aberdeen, Brown, 1660. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 46 To his Grace his majestie's high Commissioner and the High Court of Parliament. The humble address of the Synod of Aberdeen. . . . [Aberdeen, Brown?] 1661. Believed to be the only copy now existing of the famous petition of the Aberdeenshire ministers for the restoration of Episcopacy. Lent by the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. 47 An Abandoning of the Scotish Covenant. By Matthew [Wren], the Lord Bishop of Ely. London, 1662. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 48 The General Demands . . . concerning the late Covenant, in Scotland. A complete reprint of the whole controversy, cf. No. 30, with answers, replies, second answers and duplies, Aberdeen, John Forbes, 1663. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 49 Letter from Alexander Burnet, Archbishop of Glasgow, 8th October, 1664, to Arthur Ross, minister of Old Deer, offering him the post of "Parson of Glasgow," which he accepted. He was afterwards made bishop of Argyll in 1676, archbishop of Glasgow in 1679, and archbishop of St. Andrews in 1684. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 50 Papismus lucifugus, or a faithfull copie of the papers exchanged betwixt Mr. John Menzeis, professor of divinity in the Marischal-Colledge of Aberdene, and Mr. Francis Dempster lesuit, . . . wherein the Jesuit declines to have the truth of religion examined, either by Scripture or Antiquity. . . . Aberdeen, Jn. Forbes, yr., 1668. The town of Aberdeen bore expense of printing. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 51 A Survey of the insolent and infamous libel, entituled Naphtali . . . part i. . . . [Andrew Honyinan.] [Edin- burgh?] 1668. The same, part ii. Edin., Tyler, 1669. [This copy bears the autograph of James Rose, the last Episcopalian minister of Udny, who died in 1746.] Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 52 A modest and free conference betwixt a Conformist and a Non-conformist, about the present distempers of Scot- land. The second edition. Now in seven dialogues. By a lover of peace [Gilbert Burnet, professor of divinity in Glasgow University], n.p. 1669. 984 ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE 53 A vindication of the reformed religion from the reflections of a Romanist : ... by William Rait, minister of the gospel at Dundie. Aberdeen, John Forbes younger, 1671. Lent by the University op Aberdeen. 54 A sober answere, to an angry pamphlet : or, animadver- sions, by way of reply, to Robert Barclay's late book (entituled. Truth cleared of Calumnies) in answere to a dialogue between a Quaker and a stable Christian. By William Mitchell. Aberdeen, Forbes yr., 1671. Lent hy the University of Aberdeen. 55 Quakerism canvassed : Robin Barclay baffled in the defending of his theses against young students at Aberdene, and he, together with Mr. George Keith and the rest of his friends, found guilty of blasphemy, treason .... &c. Or, a most true and faithful acconipt of a dispute betwixt some students of Divinity at Aberdene, and the Quakers in and about the place, holden in Alexander Harper his closs (or yard) April 14, 1675. . . . rAl. Shirefi". ^ Published by \ John Leslie. Im.A. IPaulGellie. J n.p. [Aberdeen] 1675. Lent by the University Library, Aberdeen. 56 Certificate of admission of Arthur Ross, bishop of Argyll, as burges and gild brother of Glasgow, 29th June, 1675. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 57 An appendix to the history of the Church of Scotland : containing the succession of the archbishops and bishops in their several sees, from the reformation of religion, until the year 1676. As also, the several orders of monks .... before the Reformation : with the founda- tion of the Universities . . . and an account of the government, laws and constitution of the kingdom. London, 1677. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 57a Ravillac Redivivus, being a narrative of the late tryal of Mr. James Mitchel a Conventicle-Preacher, who was executed the 18th of January last, for an attempt which he made on the sacred person of the Archbishop of St. Andrews. To which is annexed. An account of the tryal of that most wicked pharisee Major Thomas Weir, who was executed for adultery, incest, and bestiality. In which are many observable passages, especially relating to the present affairs of church and state. In a letter from a Scottish to an English gentleman. London, 1678. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. SOUTH GALLERY 985 58 Manuscript synopsis of certain early Councils of the Church. In the handwriting of Robert Leighton, Bishop of Dunblane 1661-1671, and Archbishop of Glas- gow, 1671-1674. Lent by the Leighton Library, Dunblane. 59 Sermons preached by Dr. Robert Leighton, late Arch-bishop of Glasgow. Published at the desire of his friends, after his death, from his papers written with his own hand. London, 1692. Lent by the Leighton Library, Dunblane. 60 Rmi. D. D. Roberti Leighton, archiep. Glasguensis prae- lectiones theologicae in auditorio publico academiae Edinburgenae . . . liabitae ... ex authoris autographo fideliter editae. London, 1693. Lent by the Leighton Library, Dunblane. 61 A practical commentary upon the two first chapters of the First Epistle General of St. Peter. By the most Reverend Dr. Robert Leighton, some-time Arch-Bishop of Glas- gow. Published after his death, at the request of his friends. York, 1693. Lent by the Leighton Library, Dunblane. 62 Select works of Archbishop Leighton, some of which were never before printed. To which is prefixed an account of the author's life and character. Edinburgh, 1746. 63 [Manuscript] Register of the bibliotheck, within the Citie of Dunblane, founded by the most Reverend Father in God, Doctor Robert Leiglitone, sometime Bishop of Dun- blane, thereafter Arch-Bishop of Glasgow, [n.d., temp. Robt. Douglas, Bishop of Dunblane.] Lent by the Leighton Library, Dunblane. 64 The Life of God in the Soul of Man. Or, the nature and excellency of the Christian Religion; with the method of attaining the happiness it proposes. And an account of the beginnings and advances of a spiritual life. In two letters written to persons of honour [by Henry Scougal]. London, 1677. The first edition. Lent by the Rev. Proeessor Cooper. 65 The Life of God in the Soul of Man, with I. Reflections and Meditations. II. Essays, Moral and Divine. By the Reverend Mr. Henry Scougal. Professor of Divinity in King's College in Aberdeen. A new edition corrected, to which is added a Life of the Author. Aberdeen, John Boyle, 1773. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 66 Discourses on important subjects. By Henry Scougal, A.M. and S.T.P. To which is added a sermon preached at his funeral, by George Gairden, D.D. Glasgow, Foulis, 1751. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 986 ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE 67 Works of the Rev. Henry Scougal, A.M., sometime Professor of Divinity in the University of Aberdeen. With an Introductory Essay by the Rev. Richard Watson, author of " Institutes of Theology." Glasgow, Wm. Collins, 1830. [An edition favoured by Dr. Chalmers.] Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 68 The Reformed Bishop : or, xix articles, tendered by (f>L\apxatos, a well-wisher of the present government of the Church of Scotland, (as it is settled by law) in order to the further establishment thereof. [n.p. London ?] 1679. [By James Gordon, parson of Banchory Devenick, Aberdeen.] Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 69 The Reformed Bishop : or, xix articles, tendered by (piXapxccos, a well-wisher of the present government of the Church of Scotland (as it is settled by law) in order to the further establishment thereof. [By James Gordon, Parson of Banchory Devenick, Aberdeen.] London, for the author, sold by Robert Harford, 1680. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 70 [Manuscript] A sermon preached to the clergie of Aberdene, Aprile 12. 1692. Wherein is contained a sober vindica- tion of the Regular Clergy in Scotland from all the calumnious aspersions of uncharitable presbyterians. 54 : Esay. 17. No weapon formed against thee shall prosper.... [Probably by James Gordon, parson of Banchory Devenick, author of "The Reformed Bishop." Has been printed by the Scottish Clergy Society.] This and 68 and 69 represent the non-Jacobite Episcopalians of whom there w^ere several in the north. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 71 A Vindication of His Majesties Government and judicatures in Scotland from some aspersions thrown on them by scandalous pamphlets and news-books : and especially, with relation to the late Earl of Argiles process [by Sir G. MacKenzie]. Edinburgh, 1683. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 71a The doxology approven : or the singing of Glory to the Father, Son and Holy Ghost in the worship of God, its lawfulness and expediency proven from the Holy Scriptures, Councils and Fathers, and the scruples of the weak thereanent cleared. By Mr. Robert Edward, minister ... at Murrois. Edinburgh, 1683. The doxology had been disused by the more extreme Presbyterians about 1645, and at the time this was written the use or rejection of it formed one of the differences between Episcopalian and Presbyterian services. Lent by the Rev. T. Sturrock. 72 The saints recreation, third part, upon the estate of grace. Containing and methodically delineating a Christians SOUTH GALLERY 987 progress, priviledges, comforts and duties, beginning at conversion : describing also the blessed redeemer J esus, both absolutely and comparatively : and all these in spiritual hymns and songs, suted to grave, sweet and melodious tunes; together with a plain paraphrase upon the margent, confirming all by scriptures, ex- plaining diflficulties and methodizing the songs. Com- piled by Mr. William Geddes, minister of the gospel, first at Wick in Caithnes, and after at Urquhart in Murray. Edinburgh, 1683. Lent by John Orr. 73 Spiritual Songs, or Holy Poems. A garden of true delight, containing all the scripture-songs that are not in the Book of Psalms . . . translated into English Meeter, and fitted to be sung with any of the common tunes of the psalms. [Patrick Symson.] Edinburgh, 1686. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 74 Manuscript. These following sermons were preached by the Very Reverend Mr. Patrick Sibbald, Doctor of Divinity and Parson of St. Nicolas in Aberdeen. Patrick Sibbald was minister of St. Nicholas, Aber- deen, 1st charge, 1666-84 and professor of divinity at Marischal College, 1684-1697. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. LITERATURE OF THE COVENANTING PARTY IN SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL SCOTLAND, 1619-1690. The word Covenant has been applied to various bonds, bands or agreements entered into and subscribed for the protection and furtherance of a common policy in religion and politics. Such agreements were entered into by the earliest reformers, but the three most important were (1) the old Covenant or King's Confession of 1580, (2) the National Covenant of 1638, and (3) the Solemn League and Covenant of 1643. The first was caused by an anti-Popish scare and was drawn up by James VI. and his chaplain, John Craig. The second embodied the first and amplified it with two supplements, the third was a treaty for the establishment of the Pres- byterian system throughout the three kingdoms. During the 17th century all Scottish Presbyterians may in a sense be regarded as Covenanters, especially from 1638 to 1660, but after the Restoration the term became more and more restricted to the extreme men in the S.W. of Scotland who took up arms in support of their position. In Screen above Case 9. 1 Photograph of a Copy of the National Covenant in the Scottish National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh, 988 LITERATURE OF THE COVENANTING PARTY press mark 0.A.21, which was signed by thirty-two members of the Privy Council. It has the Glasgow Determination, and is similar to No. 3 here. Lent by the Rev. J. King Hewison. 2 Photograph of a Copy of the National Covenant, 1638, in the New College Library, Edinburgh. Subscribed by Rothes, Montrose, Boyd, and eight hundred others. Lacks Glasgow Determination. Lent by the Rev. J. King Hewison. 3 Photograph of a Copy of the National Covenant, 1638, in New College Hall, Edinburgh. Like No. 1, it was written by John Laurie in Edinburgh, and has an orna- mental border, and gilt capitals. It has the Glasgow Determination, and the signatures of 180 persons, includ- ing Rothes, Lindsay, Ker, the Ministers of Muthill, Fyvie and Stoneykirk, and the Bailies and Councillors of Lauder. Lent by the Rev. J. King Hewison. 4 Photograph of a Copy of the National Covenant, 1638, preserved at Hamilton Palace. Has the Glasgow Deter- mination in the centre. Was signed in Aberdeenshire, and includes the name of " Master Alexander Cant, student of theology in Aberdeen." Subscribed in Aber- deen and Drum, and also Ardersier in Inverness-shire and Fetteresso in Kincardineshire. Lent by the Rev. J. King Hewison. 5 Photograph of the copy of the National Covenant preserved in Cavers House. This copy was ''for Tividail " : and probably signed at Jedburgh ; has signatures of many border lairds and dependents. Lent by the Rev. J. King Hewison. 6 Enlarged Photograph of signatures on left side of the above. Lent by the Rev. J. King Hewison. 7 The same in the centre. Lent by the Rev. J. King Hewison. 8 The same on right side. Lent by the Rev. J. King Hewison. 9 Photograph of the copy of the Solemn League awd Covenant in the Bodleian Library at Oxford (MSS. Clar. 40 f. 80) signed by King Charles II. in 1650. It has no other signatures, but is endorsed by A. Johnston (Wariston) and by A. Ker, Clerk to the General Assembly. Lent by the Rev. J. King Hewison. 10 Photograph of the ale-house at Dairy in the Stewarfcry of Kirkcudbright, where the rising of 1666 took place. The ruin was removed in 1910. Lent by the Rev. J. King Hewison. SOUTH GALLERY 989 CASE 9. 11 The Confession of Faith, svbscrived by the Kingis Maiestie and his Houshold : Togither with the Copie of the Bande, maid touching the maintenance of the true Religion, the Kingis Majesties person and estate, &c. : Seuerally to be Subscrived by all Noblemen, Barrens, gentlemen and otheris ... as heirafter followeth. Edin- burgh, Robert Waldegrave, 1590. A printed copy of the older Covenant known as the King's Confession or the Negative Confession. It was made the basis of the National Covenant of 1638. Lent by Rev. E. T. S. Reid. 12 Perth Assembly, containing (1) the Proceedings thereof, (2) the proof e of the nullitie thereof. . . . [David Calder- wood] n.p, 1619. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 13 The Speach of the Kirk of Scotland to Her Beloved Children. [David Calderwood.] n.p. 1620. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 14 The Altar of Damascus or the Pattern of the English Hier- archic, and Chvrch-policie obtruded upon the Church of Scotland. [David Calderwood.] n.p. 1621. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 15 Altare Damascenvni ceu Politia Ecclesiae Anglicanae obtrusa Ecclesiae Scoticanae, a formalista quodam delineata, illustrata & examinata studio & opera Edwardi Didoclavii. . . . [David Calderwood.] n.p. 1623. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. f Hath proceeded. 16 The course of Conformitie, as it I Is concluded. ( Should be refused. [William Scot.] n.p. 1622. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 17 An Appeal to the Parliament; or Sions Plea against the Prelacie. The Sumne whereoff is delivered in a Decade of Positions. . . . Printed in the yere and Monthe wherein Rochell Avas lost. [Alexander Leighton.] [1628.] By the father of the Archbishop. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 18 A re-examination of the five articles enacted at Perth anno 1618. To wit concerning the communicants gesture in the act of receiving The observations of festivall dayes, Episcopall conformation or bishopping. The admini- stration of baptisme And The Supper of the Lord in privat places, n.p. 1636. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 990 LITERATURE OF THE COVENANTING PARTY 18a a Dispvte against the English-Popish Ceremonies, obtrvded upon the Chvrch of Scotland. [George Gillespie. 1 n.p. 1637. f J f Lent by the Leighton Library, Dunblane. 19 The Beast is wounded. Or Information from Scotland, con- cerning their Reformation. Wherein is briefly declared, the true cause and ground of all the late Troubles there ; and the reasons why they have rejected the Bishops, with their Courts, Canons, Ceremonies and Service- booke. Hereto is added some fruitfull observations, upon the former declaration : by lo : Bastwick's younger brother. The first part. Printed in the yeare that the Bishops had their downefall in Scotland. n.p. [1638.] Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 20 An Answere to M. I. Forbes of Corse. His peacable Warning. [David Calderwood.] n.p. 1638. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 21 The Bishops Doom. A Sermon preached before the General Assembly which sat at Glasgow anno 1638, on occasion of pronouncing the sentence of the greater excommuni- cation against eight of the bishops, and deposing or suspending the other six. By Mr. Alexander Hender- son, moderator of that and several subsequent assemblies. . . . Edinburgh, 1762. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 22 A Short Relation of the state of the Kirk of Scotland since the Reformation of Religion, to the present time for information, and advertisement to our Brethren in the Kirk of England, By an hearty Well-wisher to both Kingdomes. n.p. 1638. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 23 An Explanation of the Meaning of the Oath and Covenant. Published by the L. Marques, his Majesties High Com- missioner in Scotland. . . . London, 1639. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 24 The Declinatovr and Protestation of the some (sic) some- times pretended Bishops, Presented in face of the last Assembly, Refuted and found futile, but full of insolent reproaches, and bold assertions. Edinburgh, 1639. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 25 His Majesty's Proclamation in Scotland : with an Explana- tion of the meaning of the Oath and Covenant. By the Lord Marquesse, his Majesty's high commissioner. London, 1639. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. SOUTH GALLERY 991 26 An Information to all good christians within the kingdome of England, from the Noblemen, Barrons, Borrows, Ministers, and commons of the kingdome of Scotland, for vindicating their intentions and actions from the unjust callumnies of their enemies. Edinburgh, 1638. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 27 The government and order of the church. [Alex. Hender- son.] n.p. 1641. Lent by the Leighton Library, Dunblane. 28 The Vnlawfvlnes and Danger of Limited Prelacie, or Perpetuall Precidencie in the Church, Briefly discovered. [Alexander Henderson.] n.p. 1641. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 29 A Parallel or Briefe Comparison of the Liturgie with the Masse-Book, the Breviarie, the Ceremoniall and other Romish Ritualls. . . .by R[obert] B[aillie] K[ilwinning]. London, 1641. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 30 An Assertion of the Government of the Church of Scotland, in The points of Ruling-Elders, and of the Authority of Presbyteries and Synods. . . . [George Gillespie.] Edin- burgh, 1641. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 31 Two Speeches Delivered before the Subscribing of the Solemn League and Covenant of the Three Kingdoms of Scot- land, England and Ireland, at St. Margaret's in West- minster, September 2oth, 1643. The one by Mr. Philip Nye, the other by Mr. Alexander Henderson. . . . Glasgow, 1741. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 32 The Passionate Remonstrance made by His Holinesse in the Conclave at Rom§ : Tipon the late Proceedings, and Great Covenant of Scotland, &c., with a Reply of Cardinall De Barbarini in the name of the Roman Clergy. Together with a Letter of Intelligence from the Apostolicke Nuntio (now residing in London) to Pope Vrban the 8. Printed at Edingborough, 1641. Probably printed in Holland. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 33 A declaration of the Lords of the Secrct-Councell, and of the General-Assembly of the Kingdome and Kirke of Scot- land. Containing the principall heads of the doctrine of that Kirk, and the true affection of that State to the Parliaments cause, notwithstanding their great opposi- tion. James Primrose, Cler. Commis. Scot. Sent to their Commissioners in London, and by them presented to the Soveraigne high Court of Parliament, for their 992 LITERATURE OF THE COVENANTING PARTY conformity to the same Doctrine, and acceptation of their integrity. London, Oct, 13, 1642. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. PRINTED COPIES OF THE COVENANTS. 34 The Confession of Faith of the Kirk of Scotland. Subscribed by the King Maiestie and his Housholde, in the yeare of God 1580. With a designation of such Acts of' Parlia- ment, as are expedient, for justifying the Vnion, after mentioned. And subscribed by the Nobles, Barrens, Gentlemen, Burgesses, Ministers, and Commons, in the yeare of God 1638. n.p. 1638. A printed copy of the National Covenant. Manu- script copies with signatures are shown in the Mid- Gallery, and photographs of other such copies are upon the screen above. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 35 A Solemn League and Covenant for Reformation, and Defence of Religion, the Honour and Happinesse of the King, and the Peace and Safety of the three King- domes of Scotland, England, and Ireland. Edinburgh, 1643. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. A PRINTED Copy of the Solemn League and Covenant, 36 Another copy of the same, printed at Edinburgh, 1648, with blank leaves for signatures at the end. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 37 Pactum et Foedus Sanctum pro religione reformanda et conservanda, pro Authoritate, et Majestate Regis tuenda, pro Pace, et Salute trium regnorum. . . . n.p. 1643. The Solemn League and Covenant in Latin. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 38 An Ordinance of the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament ; with Instructions for the taking of the League and Covenant in the Kingdom of England, and Dominion of Wales. With an Exhortation for the taking of the Covenant ; and for satisfying such scruples as may arise thereupon. Together with the League and Cove- nant, subscribed with the names of so many of the Members of the House of Commons as have taken it. Also the Declaration of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, of the 20 of January, 1643. Together with SOUTH GALLERY 993 the Declaration of the Grounds and Reasons of the Scots coming into this kingdom, for the assisting their Brethren of England, 5 Feb. 1643. Ordered by the Commons, in Parliament, That the Printer of the House of Commons do forthwith print Four thousand of the said Ordinance, Instructions, Covenant and Declara- tions, for the use of the House of Commons and the Commonwealth. H. Elsynge, Cler. Pari. D. Com. n.p. n.d. [London, 1643.] Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 39 The Principall Acts of the General Assembly, conveened at Edinburgh the second day of August 1643. Edinburgh, 1643. The acts of the Assenlbly which subscribed the Solemn League and Covenant. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 40 The Covenant with a Narrative of the Proceedings and Solemn Manner of Taking it by the Honourable House of Commons, and Reverent Assembly of Divines the 25th day of September, at Saint Margarets in West- minster. Also, Two Speeches delivered at the same time; the one by Mr. Philip Nye, the other by Mr. Alexander Henderson. Published by speciall order of the House. London, 1643. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 41 A Copie of the Covenant, Both as it was first formed at Edenburgh By the Generall Assembly and Convention of Estates of Scotland, with the concurrence and advice of the Commissioners sent thither out of England, and as it was after reformed by the Lords and Commons of Parliament at Westminster. Together with His Majesties Proclamation prohibiting the taking of it. n.p. 1644. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 42 A Sermon Preached to the Honorable House of Commons : at their late Solemne Fast, Wednesday, Janu. 31. 1643. By Samuel Rutherford, professor of Divinitie in the Univer- sitie of St. Andrews. London, 1644. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 43 Lex, Rex : The Law and the Prince. A dispute for the just prerogative of King and People. Containing the Reasons and Causes of the most necessary Defensive Wars of the Kingdom of Scotland, and of their Expedi- tion for the ayd and help of their dear Brethren of England. In which their Innocency is asserted, and a full ansvver is given to a Seditious Pamphlet, Intituled Sacro-sancta Regum Majestas, or The Sacred and Royall Prerogative of Christian Kings; Under the name of J. A. But penned by Jo : Maxwell the Excommunicate P. 2l 994 LITERATURE OF THE COVENANTING PARTY Prelat. With a Scripturall Computation of the ruinous Grounds of W. Barclay, H. Grotius, H. Arnisaeus, Ant. de Domi, P. Bishop of Spalato, and of other late Anti- Magistratical Royalists; as, The Author of Ossorianum, D. Fern, E. Symmons, the Doctors of Aberdeen, &c. In XLiv. Questions. [Samuel Rutherford]. London, 1644. This book was burned by the common hangman. By "P. Prelat," the writer seems to attempt to insinuate that John Maxwell, Bishop of Ross, was a Roman Catholic. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 43a Manuscript. The Epistles of that worthie servant of God Mr Samuell Rutherfoord wrytiii to his freinds the tyme of his confynement at Aberdein 1637, A contemporary manuscript copy of Samuel Ruther- ford's Letters. See No. 43b, Case 10. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. IN CASE 10. 43b Joshua Redivivus, or Mr Rutherfoord's Letters, divided into two parts. The first . . . written from Aberdeen . . . the second . . . written from Anwoth . . . and others upon diverse occasions. . . . n.p. [? Rotterdam] 1664. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. CASE 9 RESUMED. 44 The Covenanters Catechisme : or a brief and familiar Analysis and Exposition of the Covenant. . . . London, 1644. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 45 A dissvasive from the errours of the time : wherein the tenets of the principall sects, especially of the Independents, are drawn together . . . their maine principles are examined by the touch-stone of the holy scriptures ... by Robert Baylie, minister at Glasgow. London, 1645. Lent by the Leighton Library, Dunblane. 46 The Kirk of Scotlands Conclusion in defence of the Presby- teriall Government, and Discipline : with their inten- tions towards the King ... as also against Heresies and Schismes. Printed at Edinburgh and reprinted at London, 1646. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock 47 Aaron's Rod Blossoming. Or, the Divine Ordinance of Church-Government vindicated ... by George Gillespie Minister at Edinburgh. Published by Authority. London, 1646. Lent by the Rev. Professor Cooper. SOUTH GALLERY 995 48 An Historicall Vindication of the Government of the Church of Scotland, From the Manifold base calumnies . . . by Robert Baylie, Minister at Glasgow. London, 1646. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 49 CXI Propositions concorning the Ministerie and Government of the Church. Edinburgh, 1647. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 50 Solemn testimony against toleration and the present pro- ceedings of Sectaries and their abetters in England . . . from the . . . General Assembly of the Kirk of Scotland. ... (16 Jan.). Edinburgh, 1649. " Sectaries " refers to the Independents or Congrega- tionalists. Lent by the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. 51 A Treatise of Miscellany Questions : wherein many usefull Questions and Cases of Conscience are Discussed and resol\^ed : . . . by Mr. George Gilliespie, late Minister at Edinburgh. Published by Mr. Patrik Gillespie, Minister at Glasgow. Edinburgh, 1649. Lent by the Leighton Library, Dunblane. 52 A Serious and faithfull representation of the judgements of the ministers of the Gospell within the Province of London. Contained in a letter from them to the Generall and his Counsel of AVarre. Delivered to his Excellency by some of the subscribers. Jan. 18, 1649. London, 1649. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 53 A Vindication of the Presbyteriall-Government and Ministry. . . . Published, by the Ministers, and Elders, met together in a Provinciall Assembly, Novemb. 2d. 1649. London, 1650. Lent by the Rev. George Bell. 54 A Solemn Warning to all the Members of this Kirk, from the Commission of the Generall Assembly. With an Act for censuring such as act or comply with the Sectarian Armie, now infesting this Kingdom. Aberdeen, James Brown, 1651. " Sectarian " means Independent, compare No. 50. Lent by the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. 55 The Protestation of diverse ministers, against the Proceed- ings of the late Commission of the Church of Scotland : as also against the lawfulness of the present pretended Assembly. Leith, Tyler, 1651. The protest from which the party known as Pro- testers took their name. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 996 LITERATURE OF THE COVENANTING PARTY 56 The Representation, Propositions, and Protestation of divers Ministers, Elders and Professors, . . . presented by the Lord Wareston, Mr. Andrew Cant, Mr. John Living- ston, Mr. Samuel Rutherford, and diverse others ; To the Ministers and Elders met at Edinburgh July 21. 1652. Leith, Tyler, 1652. Lent by the Rev. J. Stubrock. 57 Some Few Observations about the late Differences in the Kirk of Scotland, for vindicating the Judicatories thereof, discovering the principles and way of the Dissenting Brethren and clearing of some mistakes, which may mislead the simple in these reeling times, n.p. 1653. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 58 A Confession of Faith of the Severall Congregations or Churches of Christ in London, which are commonly (though unjustly) called Anabaptists. . . . The fourth impression, corrected. Leith, 1653. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. CASE 10. 59 Causes of the Lords wrath against Scotland. Manifested in his sad late dispensations. . . . [Jas. Guthrie.] 1653. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 60 A Brief Explication of the first Fifty Psalms : By David Dickson, Professor of Divinity in the Colledge of Eden- burgh. . . . London, 1653. The other Psalms are dealt with in other two volumes. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 60a Truth's Victory over Error. Or an abridgement of the chief controversies in Religion. . . . [By David Dickson.] Edinburgh, 1684. This, the first edition of this book, was issued by George Sinclair as a work of his own, although it was only a translation of the lectures dictated in Latin by David Dickson to his students. In the later editions Dickson's name is on the title page. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 60b Therapeutica Sacra : shewing briefly, The Method of healing the Diseases of the Conscience, concerning Regeneration written in Latine by David Dickson, Professor of Divinity in the Colledge of Edinburgh : And thereafter translated by him. (2nd edition.) Edinburgh, 1697. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 61 A Little Stone, pretended to be out of the Mountain, Tried, and found to be a Counterfeit. Or an Examination and SOUTH GALLERY 997 Refutation of Mr. Lockyers Lecture, preached at Edin- burgh, anno 1651. Concerning the Mater of the Visible Church ... by James Wood. Edinburgh, 1654. A defence of Presbyterian principles against the Independents. Lockyer was Cromwell's chaplain in Edin- burgh. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. IN CASE 9. 62 Jus Divinum Ministerii Evangelici. Or the Divine Right of the Gospel-Ministry : Divided into two parts. The first part containing A justification of the Gospel- Ministry in general. The necessity of Ordination there- unto by Imposition of hands. The Unlawfulnesse of private mens assuming to themselves either the Office or Work of the Ministry without a lawfull Call and Ordination. The second part containing A justification of the present ministers of England, both such as were ordained during the prevalency of Episcopacy from the foul aspersion of anti-christianism : and those who have been ordained since its abolition, from the unjust imputation of novelty : Proving that a Bishop and Presbyter are all one in Scripture ; and that Ordination by Presbyters is most agreeable to the Scripture-})atern. . . . Published by the Provincial Assembly of London. London, 1654. Lent by the Rev. George Bell. 63 Catechesis Elenctica Errorum qui hodie vexant Ecclesiam . . . in gratia m studiosae Javentutis Academiae (ilasguensis. London, 1654. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 64 A True Representation of the Rise, Progresse, and State of the Present Divisions of the Church of Scotland. Lon- don, 1657. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. CASE 10 BESUMED. 65 Protesters no subverters and presbyterie no papacie; or a Vindication of the Protesting Brethren and of the government of the Kirk of Scotland, from the aspersions ... in a late pamphlet of same of the Resolution-party, entituled, A Declaration, etc. . . . Edinburgh, 1658. Lent by the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. 66 The Law Unsealed : or a Practical Exposition of the Ten Commandments. With a Resolution of Several Monientuous Questions and Cases of Conscience. By . . . James Durham, Minister of the Gospel at Glasgow. Edinburgh, 1703. Lent bv E, C- Eeles. 998 LITERATURE OF THE COVENANTING PARTY 67 A Learned and Complete Commentary upon the Book of the Revelation. Delivered in several lectures by . . . James Durham. . . . Glasgow, 1788. Lent by the Rev. Dr. George Bell. 68 Clavis Cantici : or An Exposition of the Song of Solomon. By James Durham, late Minister of the Gospel in Glasgow. Edinburgh, 1668. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 69 Clavis Cantici : or an Exposition of the Song of Solomon. By James Durham, late Minister of the Gospel in Glasgow. Glasgow, John Bryce, n.d. A later edition published in Glasgow. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 70 The Unsearchable Riches of Christ, and of Grace and Glory in and through Him . . . by . . . James Durham. Edin- burgh, 1729. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 71 The Dying Man's Testament to the Church of Scotland ; or a Treatise concerning Scandal ... by that singularly faithful and wise servant of Jesus Christ, Mr. James Durham, late minister of the Gospel in Glasgow. . . . and published by John Carstares one of the ministers in Glasgow. Edinburgh, 1680. Lent by D. H Y Fleming. 71a Some Considerations contributing unto the discoverie of the dangers that threaten religion, and the work of reforma- tion in the church of Scotland. ... By James Guthrie minister of the gospel at Stirling. Edinburgh, 1660. Lent by 72 The Speech of the late Marquiss of Argyll upon the scaffold May 27. 1061. Being a True and Perfect Copy. Printed at Edenburgh, and Reprinted at London, 1661. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 73 The True and Perfect Speech of Mr. James Guthrey late minister of Sterling as it was delivered by himself immediately before his execution, on June 1, 1661, at Edinbrough. Sent from Edenburgh, and printed for publick satisfaction, and to prevent the disperssing ot false copies. 1661. Probably printed in Hollond. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 74 A Compendious History of the Catholick Church, from the Year 600 untill the Year 1600. Shewing her Deformation and Reformation. Together with the rise, reign, rage, and begin-fall of the Roman antichrist ... by Alexander SOUTH GALLERY 999 Petrie, minister of the Scots Congregation at Rotterdam. Hague, 16G2. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 75 An Apologeticall Relation of the particular sufferings of the faithfull Ministers and professonrs of the Church of Scot- land, since August, 1665. [John Brown of Wamphray.] Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 76 Naphtali, or the Wrestlings of the Church of Scotland for the Kingdom of Christ ; Contained in a true and short deduction thereof, from the beginning of the Reforma- tion of Religion, until the year 1667. Together with the last Speeches and Testimonies of some who have died for the Truth since the Year 1660. . . . [James Stirling.] n.p. 1667. The first edition, complete, very rare. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 77 Jus Populi Vindicatum, or the Peoples Right, to defend themselves and their covenanted religion, vindicated. Wherein the Act of Defence and Vindication, which was interprised anno 1666, is particularly justified ... a full Reply to the tirst part of the Survey of Naphtaly, &c. By a Friend to true Christian Liberty [Sir James Stewart of Goodtrees.] n.p. 1669. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 78 A Letter, written by that famous and faithful Minister of Christ Mr, John Livingstoiin, Unto hi.>< Parishioners of Ancram in Scotland, dated Rotterdam October 7. 1671. n.p., n.d. [Rotterdam? 1671.] Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 79 The same, second edition, with notes by MacWard. n.p. 1710. Lent by John Boyle. 80 Manuscript. A letter concerning the bond, tendered by The Councill of Scotland, to some presbyterians there, in the year, 1679. The Original Manuscript of Robert MacWard's " Banders Disbanded," 1679. (See Pliotograph of picture of MacWard, Case 7, No. 8, West GaUery, p. 212.) Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 81 The Banders disbanded or an Accurat Discourse solidly and plainly demonstrating how inconvenient, scandalous and sinfull it is, in the present circumstances of the Church of Scotland, for ministers of Christ there ... to give bond to their present rulers, that they shall live peaceably. . . . [Robert MacWard.] n.p. 1681. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 82 The poor Man's Cup of cold water ministred to the Saints and Sufferers for Christ in Scotland ; who are amidst 1000 LITERATURE OF THE COVENANTING PARTY the scorching flames of the fiery Trial. [Robert Mac- Ward.] n.p. [? Rotterdam] 1678. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 83 The True Non-Conformist in Answere to the Modest and free Conference betwixt a Conformist and a Non-Conformist, ... by a Lover of Truth and Published by its order. [Robert MacWard.] n.p. 1671. In answer to Gilbert Burnet. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 83a Manuscript. Here are set down some remarkable observations upon the lives of the most eminent ministers and professors in the Church of Scotland which were collected by Mr. Jo : Livingston late minister at Ancrum, which were drawn from his own manuscript." 0. 1680. Lent by George Neilson. 84 Popery Anatomized, or a Learned, Pious, and Elaborat Treatise ... in answer to Mr. Gill3ert Brown, Priest. By . . . John Welsch. ... To which is annexed, a discovery of the bloody . . . principles and practises of Papists. . . . by Matthew Craford. Glasgow, 1672. A reprint by the Covenanting party of a treatise of the Reformation period. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 84a An Apology for, or Vindication of the Oppressed persecuted ministers and professors of the Presbyterian Reformed Religion, in the Church of Scotland. . . . [By Hugh Smith of Eastwood and Alex. Jamieson of Govan.] n.p. 1677. Lent by D. Hay Flbjniing. 85 A Brief Exposition of the first and second Epistles of Paul to the Thessalonians. By the Reverend and Learned Mr. James Fergusson, late Minister of the Gospel at Kil- winning. London, 1674. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 86 The History of the Indulgence, shewing its Rise, ConA^eyance, Progress, and Acceptance : together with a demon- stration of the Unlawfulness thereof ... by A Presby- terian. [John Brown of Wamphray.] n.p. 1678. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 87 Samsons Riddle, or a Bunch of bitter Wormwood, bringing forth a bundle of sweet smelling myrrh. . . . n.p. n.d. [? 1681.] All the known copies end abruptly on p. 160. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 88 Quakerisme the path-way to Paganisme or a view of the Quakers Religion : being an examination of the Theses SOUTH GALLERY iooi and Apologie of Robert Barclay. ... By John Brown, Minister of the Gospel. Edinburgh, 1678. This copy is open at the preface to show an example of the extraordinary severity of the language used by a Covenanting divine against the Quakers. Lent by John Ore. 89 The Life of Justification opened. Or, A Treatise grounded upon Gal. 2. 11. Wherein the Orthodox Doctrine of J ustification by Faith ... is clearly expounded . . . where- unto are subjoined some Arguments against Lniversal Redemption. By . . . John Broun, sometimes Minister of the Gospel at Wamfrey in Scotland, n.p. 1695. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 90 An Accompt of Scotlands Grievances by reason of the D. of Lauderdales Ministrie, humbly tendred to his Sacred Majesty, n.p., ri.d. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 91 A Testimony to the Doctrine, Worship, Discipline, and Government of the Church of Scotland, and the Cove- nanted work of Reformation as it was Profess' d in the Three Kingdoms : together with an account of the Persecution of some of the most Eminent in Our days, for their adherence to the same. As it was left in Write, by that truely Pious and Eminently Faithfull and now Glorified Martyr Mr. John Dick. To which is added, his last speech . . . 1684 . . . n.p., n.d. [1684]. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 92 The Last Speeches of the two Ministers Mr. John King, and Mr. John Kid, at the Place of Execution at Edenburgh on the 14th day of August, 1679. n.p. 1680. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 93 The Church wounded and rent by a Spirit of Division. . . . [R. Fleming.] n.p. 1681. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 94 Balm from Gilead : or the Differences about the Indulgence, stated and impleaded : in a sober and serious Letter to ministers and Christians in Scotland. By an Healing Hand. [John Baird of Paisley.] London, 1681. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 95 Rectius Instruendum or a Review and Examination of the Doctrine preferred by one assuming the Name of ane Informer, in three Dialogues. . . . [Thomas Forrester.] 1684. Lent by the Trustees of the Late Rev. Dr. Sprott. 96 A Hind let loose, or an Historical Representation of the Testimonies of the Church of Scotland, for the Interest 1002 LITERATURE OF THE COVENANTING PARTY of Christ, with the True State thereof in all its Periods. ... By a lover of true liberty. [Alex. Shields.] n.p. 1687. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturkock. 97 A Short Treatise of the Christian's Great Interest : divided into two parts ; the first whereof containeth the trial of a saving interest in Christ. The second pointeth forth plainly the way ho:v to attain it. By Mr. William Guthrie, minister of the Gospel at New-Kilmarnock. Edinburgh, 1724. This book has been translated into several languages and has gone through about eighty editions. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 98 Manuscript book of 19 Sermons entitled " Probatory Dis- courses " preached by Robert Wodrow, the historian, between 1697 and 1703. The volume is open at the end of one sermon and the beginning of another, showing his signature. The MS. is in his own writing. Lent by the Rev. Dr. J. K. Hbwison. 98a The great danger of covenant-breaking, &c. being the substance of a sermon preached January 14. 1645. Before the then Lord Mayor of the City of London, Sir 'Jhomas Adams ; Together with the Sheriffs, Aldermen, and common Council of the said City, being the Day of their Taking the Solemn League or Covenant, at Michael Basen.shaw, London. By Edmon Calamy. n.p., 1707. Lent by the Trustees of the late Rev. G. W. Sprott. 99 Some Remarkable Passages of the Life and Death of Mr. Alexander Peden, late Minister of the Gospel at New Glenluce in Galloway. . . . (3rd Edition.) Edinburgh, 1728. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 100 The awful Example, a Sermon on Luke xvii. 32, preached November 17. 1678. By that faithful and zealous minister of the Gospel and now glorified martyer (sic) of Jesus Christ, Mr. Donald Cargil, minister of the Gospel in Barrony Parish, Glasgow. . . . Glasgow, 1744. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 101 The Last Publick Sermon, being a faithful and free one, preached by Mr. Hugh MacKaile Preacher of the Gospel at Edinburgh. . . . Edinburgh, 1749. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 102 Life of Alexander Reid, a Scotish Covenanter. Written by himself, and edited by Archibald Prentice, his great- grandson. Manchester, 1822. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. SOUTH GALLERY 1003 103 Two oriental pearls, grace and glory. The godly man's choice. And a cordial of comforts for a wearied soul, ^l^by Mr. Zacharie Boyd , . . Glasgow. Edinburgh, Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 104 A letter concerning the due boundaries of Christian fellow- ship ; specially, with whom 'tis lawful to join in Divine Worship, and from whom 'tis Duty to withdraw : written to the prisoners for conscience, in Dunnottar-Castle, who then were many, in summer 1685. By Mr. Alexander Shields, Preacher of the Gospel, then Prisoner at Edinburgh. Diligently compared with the best Manu- scripts, n.p. 1726. Exceedingly rare. Lent by the Rev. D. G. Barron. GENERAL ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE, 1690 TO 1800. In 1689 Episcopacy was abolished by the Estates, and some three hundred ministers, chiefly in the north, were deprived for refusing to take the oaths of allegiance to William and Mary. In the south-west a large number were forcibly driven out by the Cameronians : this was known as "the rabbling of the curates." The Episcopalian clergy petitioned in vain for a free General Assembly. In 1690 the Presby- terian system was re-established on the basis of the West- minster Confession and the Act of 1592, the power being vested in the survivors (about 60) of the ministers outed in 1661 and such as they should associate to themselves. Many of the Episcopalian clergy conformed, others were "in- dulged " for their lifetime, but a large number in the north refused to accept Presbyterianism, and continued the old Episcopalian organisation apart from the State. In the south-west the more extreme Covenanters, known as Cameronians, also refused to accept the new religious settle- ment, largely on the ground of what they considered to be its Erastian character. Against their position it was held that the Confession of Faith warranted the interference of the civil magistrate in Church matters in times of confusion, and that even if it were Erastian in origin, the Revolution settlement was not so in its results because of the fulness of spiritual power secured to the church by the same Confession. And the identity of the spiritual body before and after the Revolution was unquestioned by the vast majority of Pres- byterians of the period. — F. C. E. CASE 11. 1 MS. Discipline Book of the Kirk Session of Morton, Dum- friesshire, 1687-1713. Lent by the Kirk Session of Morton. 1004 GENERAL ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE. 2 The rights and liberties of the church asserted and vindi- cated, against the pretended right and "usurpation of patronage. [Robert Park.] Edinburgh, 1789. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 3 A Brief and True Account of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland, occasioned by the Episcopalians since the year 1660. Being a Vindication of their Majesties' Government in that Kingdom, relating to the proceed- ings against the Bishops and Clergy there. London, 1690. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. 4 A Vindication of the Church of Scotland, being an Answer to a Paper, Intituled, Some Questions concerning Epis- copal and Presbyterial Government in Scotland ... by a Minister of the Church of Scotland as it is now established by law. [Dr. Rule, Principal of Edinburgh University.] London, 1691. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. 5 A Second Vindication of the Church of Scotland, being an Answer to Five Pamphlets. . . . By the author of the former Vindication in answer to the ten questions. [Dr. Rule.] Edinburgh, George Mosman, 1691. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. 6 A Defence of the Vindication of the Church of Scotland, in Answer to an Apology of the Clergy of Scotland. [Dr. Rule.] Edinburgh, George Mosman, 1694. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. 7 Forty-five Sermons upon the cxxx Psalm ; preached at Irwin by that eminent servant of Jesus Christ, Mr George Hutcheson, minister of the gospel. Edinburgh, 1691. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 8 The Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence or the Foolishness of their Teaching Discovered from their Books, Sermons, and Prayers; and some Remarks on Mr. Rule's late Vindication of the Kirk. London, 1692. [Said to be by Robert Calder.] This and Nos. 9 to 12 form the complete series of the ''Presbyterian Eloquence" Controversy, which was re- markable for its virulence and violence. The attack was bad enough, but the Answers Nos. 9 and 10 probably represent the lowest depth of controversial scurrility. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. 9 An Answer to the Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence in Three Parts. . . . [George Ridpath.] London, 1693. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. SOUTH GALLERY 1005 10 A Continuation of the Answer to the Scots Presbyterian Eloquence, Dedicated to the Parliament of Scotland . . . by Will Laick. London, 1693. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. 11 A Just and Modest Reproof of a Pamphlet, called the Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence. [Dr. Rule.] Edin- burgh, George Mosman, 1693. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. 12 Some Remarks upon a late Pamphlet, entituled. An Answer to the Scots Presbyterian Eloquence. Wherein the Innocency of the Episcopal Clergy is Vindicated, and the Constitution and Government of our Church of Scotland Defended, against the Lies and Calumnies of the Presbyterian Pamphleters. London, 1694. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. 13 The Good Old Way defended against the attempts of A.M., D.D., in his book called An Enquiry into the New Opinions, (chiefly) propagated by the Presbyterians of Scotland. . . . By Gilbert Rule, one of the ministers of the city, and Principal of the College of Edinburgh. Edinburgh, 1697. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 14 A Discourse Demonstrating that the Government of the Church, which is of Divine Right is Fixed, and not Ambulatory. In answer to An Essay for Peace by Union in Judgement, about Church Government in Scotland, Written by a Nameless Author. By James Webster, one of the Ministers of Edinburgh. Edinburgh, 1704. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 15 Quaostio ventilata, num oratio vulgo dicta Dominica, sit exemplar aut formula? Edinburgh, 1705. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 16 A Casuistical Essay upon the Lord's Prayer wherein divers important cases, relative to the several petitions, are succinctly stated and answered. To which is sub- joined a letter to a friend, in answer to Sir Hugh Campbell of Calder, and Monsieur D'Espagne, concern- ing the use thereof. Edinburgh, 1705. The second part is an attack on the use of the Lord's Prayer in the church services. The more rigid Presby- terians had come to look upon the use of the Lord's Prayer in church services as "formal," if not prelatic or popish, but a few, like Anderson of Dumbarton, were prepared to defend the use of it. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 17 Mene Tekel, or Prelatick Church Principles, Weighed in the Ballance of the Sanctuary, and found wanting. In 1006 GENERAL ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE. 18 A a few remarks on a late Book entituled, The Reason- ableness of Toleration to those of the Episcopal Perswasion. In four letters to Mr. Meldrum. . . . n.p. 1705. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. Treatise of Church-lands and Tithes in two parts, ... by William Forbes, Advocat. Edinburgh, 1705. Lent by F. C Eeles. 19 A Letter from William Forbes, Advocat, to a Gentleman in the Country, concerning the Parson of Banchory and his late Pamphlet, entituled, Some just reflections on a pasquil against him, etc. Edinburgh, 1706. An attack on James Gordon, the non-Jacobite Epis- copalian. (See Case 8, Ncs. 68-70). Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 20 The Ancient Bishops consider'd. both with respect to the extent of their jurisdiction, and nature of their power. In answer to Mr. Chillingworth and others. Wherein the Church of Scotland, with that of the Ancient Church is fully manifested : and it is made fully evident, that the ministers . . . are not presbyters but bishops ; and that the government of the church by presbyteries ... is not presbyterian but episcopal government ... by Alex- ander Lauder, Minister of the Gospel at Mordontoun. Edinburgh, James Watson, 1707. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 21 Collections and Observations methodiz'd; concerning the Worship, Discipline, and Government of the Church of Scotland. [Walter Steuart of Pardovan.] Edinburgh, 1709. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 22 The Sum of the Episcopal Controversy, as it is pleaded from the Holy Scriptures ... by William Jameson, lecturer of history in the University of Glasgow. The second edition. Glasgow, 1713. Lent by the Leighton Library, Dunblane. 23 A defence of the church-government, faith, worship and spirit of the Presbyterians. In answer to a late book intituled. An apology for Mr. Thomas Rhind. Or an account of the manner how and the reasons for which he separated from the Presbyterian Party and embraced the communion of the Church. By John Anderson, M.A., Minister of the gospel in Dumbarton. Glasgow, 1714. Lent by John Orr. 24 Mene Tekel : or Separation Weighed in the Ballance of the Sanctuary and found wanting Part I. Wherein, the conduct of the Church of Scotland, with respect to the SOUTH GALLERY 1007 Union and Oath of Abjuration, is fully cleared and vindicated ; the proceedings of the Church against Mrs. [sic] M'Millan, Taylor, Hepburn and Gilchrist justitied : the controversie concerning confederacies and associations with Malignants clearly stated and discussed : the duty of submission to the sentences and censures of church judicatories, even when thought unjust, plainly demon- strated : the right and title of our sovereign, King George, maintained and defended. In answer to that insolent and uialitious libel, entituled Protesters Vindi- cated. To which is added t an Appendix, containing Remarks upon the pretended Vindication of Mr. James Gilchrist late Minister at Dunscore. [Alex. Robison] Dumfries [sic], Robert Rae, 1717. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 25 The Marrow of Modern Divinity . . by Edward Fisher, A.M. The Eiglith Edition, with Notes, by . . . Mr. Thomas Boston, late Minister of the Gospel at Ettrick . . . to which is added The Twelve Queries, which were proposed to the Twelve Marrow-men, by the Commission of the General Assembly . . . 1721. With the Marrow-men's answers. . . . Falkirk, Patrick Mair, 1789. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 26 The Marrow of Modern Divinity. Touching both the Cove- nant of Works, and the Covenant of Grace : with their use and end, both in the time of the Old Testament, and in the time of the New. Wherein every one may cleerly see how far forth he bringeth the Law into the case of justification, and so deserveth the name of Legalist : and how far forth he rejecteth the Law, in the case of Sancti- fication, and so deserveth the name of Antinomist. With the middle path between them both, which by Jesus Christ, leadeth to etcrnall life. In a dialogue. . . . by E[dward] F[isher]. Sixth edition, London, 1648. Second part. First edition, London, 1649. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 27 A Sermon preached before his Grace John Earl of Rothes, His Majesty's High Commissioner, and the General Assembly . . . 1719, by Mr. William Wisheart, Principal of the College, Edinburgh. Edinburgh, 1719. Lent by George Neilson. 28 A Full Vindication of the Overtures transmitted to Presbyteries by the Commission, November, 1719 ; from the objections published in several papers against them. Edinburgh, 1720. Lent bv Rev. Professor Cooper. 29 An Abridgement of the Acts of the General Assemblies of the Church of Scotland . . . 1638-1720, by John Dundas of Philipstoun. . . . Edinburgh, 1721. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 1008 GENERAL ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE. 33 30 A Treatise concerning justifying or saving faith ... by ... J ames Eraser of Brea, minister of the gospel at Culross, written by him when he was prisoner in the Bass, 1679. Edinburgh, 1722. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 31 Memoirs, or, Spiritual Exercises of Elizabeth Wast ; written by her own hand. The fourth edition. Edinburgh 1730. ^ ' Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 32 The state and duty of the Church of Scotland, especially with respect to the settlement of ministers, set in a just light. By a minister of that church. Edinburgh, 1732. Lent by John Ore. A Modest and Humble Inquiry concerning the Right and Power of electing and calling ministers to vacant churches. By a' Minister of the Church of Scotland. Edinburgh, 1732. The other pamphlets in this volume are also on Patronage. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 34 Twenty Sermons preached before and after the celebration of the Lord's Supper, by sundry Ministers of the Church of Scotland — William Wishart, Walter Douglas, Thomas Halyburton, and John Willison. Edinburgh, 1722. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 35 A full Vindication of the People's Right to elect their own Pastors. . . . By Mr. John Currie, minister of the gospel at Kinglassie. Edinburgh, 1733. Currie adopted the principles of the seceders regard- ing patronage, but he did not secede with them and strongly opposed their action, Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 36 The use and abuse of diversions. A sermon on Luke xix., 13. With an appendix, showing that the Stage in particular is an unchristian diversion. By the Reverend George Anderson, V.D.M. Edinburgh, 1733. Bound with a reinforcement of the reasons proving that the Stage is an unchristian diversion. G. Ander- son. Edinburgh, 1733. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 37 An Overture for a Right Constitution of the General Assembly, and an Illustration of it. Edinburgh, 1736. With other publications on the patronage question. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 38 Manuscript Book of Sermons by Lacblan Shaw, the historian of Moray, who died 1777. Sermons begun at Elgin, July 29th, 1739. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. SOUTH GALLERY 1UU9 39 A Letter to a Grentleman in Edinburgh, containing Remarks upun a late Apology for the Presbyterians in Scotland, who keep communion in the ordinances of tbe Gospel, with Mr. George Whitefield, a Priest of the Church of England; and shewing that such a piactice is not justi- fiable by the principles and practice of the Church of Scotland, from the Reformation to this day, nor by the Westminster Confession of Faith, Solemn League and Covenant. In which letter, Mr. Whitefield's religion, orthodoxy, and moral character, are set forth in a proper light by collections from his own printed per- formances. [Rev. John Bisset, Minister of Aberdeen], n.p. 1742. Lent by Rev. Phofessor Cooper. 40 Divine Dialogues . . . concerning the attributes and provi- dence of God. Henry More, D.D. Glasgow, R. Foulis, 1743. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 41 A View of the covenant of grace from the sacred records. . . . By Thomas Boston, Minister of the Gospel at Ettrick. [n.p.] 1747. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 42 Manuscript book of Sermons written by a minister in the Presbytery of Dumfries and preached in Kirkpatrick Irongray, and Kirkgunzeon between 1746 and 1751 They are of some theological interest and include expositions of ordination, holy communion, etc., and a sermon preached at the time of the battle of Culloden. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 43 Sermons and discourses on several important subjects in divinity. . . . Thos. Boston. Edinburgh, 1756. Lent by John Orr. 44 The Mystery of Faith opened up . . . sermons ... by Mr. Andrew Gray, late minister of the gospel at Glasgow. Glasgow, 1757. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 45 A Fair and Impartial Testimony . . .against . . . the Defec- tions of the Established Church, of the Nobility, Gentry, Commons, Seceders, Episcopalians, &c. . . . Attested and adhered unto by sundry ministers [John Willison, and others]. Glasgow, John Finlay, 1765. Known as " Willison's Testimony." Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 46 Observations on the Letters published by the Rev. James Baine, intitled Memoirs of Modern Church Reforma- tion : or the History of the General Assembly 1766, in 1010 GENERAL ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE. Three Letters to him. [By Rev. Mr. Randall, Stirling.] Glasgow, 1767. Lent by F. C. Eeles. • 47 The souFs perpetual progress towards perfection througli all eternity, illustrated and proved. By William Crombie, M.A. Minister of Kirkcudbright. Edin- burgh, 1768. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 48 The Great Concern of Salvation ... by the late Reverend Mr. Thomas Halyburton. Glasgow, 1770. Lent by Rev. Professor Uooper. 49 Sermons on Various Subjects by the late John Farquhar, M.A., minister at Nigg. Carefully corrected from the author's manuscript, by George Campbell, D.D., Prin- cipal of Marischal College. And Alexander Gerard, D.D., Professor of Divinity in King's College, Aberdeen. London, 1772. The author was a forebear of Dean Hook, Lord Farquhar, and other eminent men ; and the volume was a sort of Manifesto of the Northern Moderates. London, E. & C. Dilly, 1772. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 50 The Four Gospels, translated from the Greek : with preliminary Dissertations, and notes y of tlie Diocese of Aberdeen. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 5 An historical relation of the late Presbyterian General AsseiAbly, held at Edinburgh . . . 1690, in a letter from a person in Edinburgh, to his friend in London. London, 1691. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 6 Presbyterian Inquisition ; as it was lately Practised against the Professors of the College of Edinburgh. August and September. 1690. In which, the Spirit of Pres- bytery and their present Method of Procedure, is plainly discovered. Matter of Fact by undeniable Instances cleared, and Libels against particular Persons Discussed. London, 1691. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 7 A Late Letter concerning the Sufferings of the Episcopal Clergy in Scotland. London, 1691. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. 8 An Account of the late Establishment of Presbyterian- Government by the Parliament of Scotland anno 1690. Together with the methods by which it was settled, and the consequences of it. . . . London, 1693. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 1028 LITERATURE OF THE SCOTTISH EPISCOPALIANS 9 A Letter to a friend, giving an account of all the treatises that have been publish' d with relation to the Present Persecution against the Church of Scotland. London, 1692. ''The Rabbling of the Curates." Lent by the Rev. Professor Cooper. 10 A collection of all the Acts of Parliament, with publick papers and declarations relating to the clergy and ecclesiastical affairs within the kingdom of Scotland since the Revolution. London, 1693. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 11 The Queries and Protestation of the Scots Episcopal Clergy against the Authority of the Presbyterian General Assemblies and Committees given in to the Committee of the General Assembly at Aberdeen, June 29th, 1694. Together with the Committee's Answer and Proceedings; with Reflections upon the Queries, &c., by a Layman of the Church of Scotland [George Ridpath.] London, 1694. On the Presbyterian side. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 12 The fundamental charter of presbytery, as it has been lately established in the Kingdom of Scotland, examin'd and disprov'd. . . . The second edition. To which is added, a preface ; wherein the viudicator of the kirk lis freely put in mind of his habitual infirmities. . . . By the author of the Cyprianic Age. [Bishop John Sage.] London, 1697. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 13 A True Account of the Proceedure of the new Established Presbitry in the Diocess of Aberdeen against Mr. James Gordon, Minister of the Gospel at Foveran, with some Animadversions thereupon. In the Savoy, Printed by Edward Jones, for the Author. 1696. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 14 A Letter from John Cockburn, D.D. to his Friend in London ; giving an Account, why other Narratives about Bourignianism are not yet publish'd, and Answering some Reflections pass'd upon the first. London, 1698. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 15 Some Remarks on the late Letter irom a Gentleman in the City, to a Minister in the Country; and Mr. William- son's Sermon Preached before the late General Assembly. In a letter, from a Person in the country to his Friend in the City. n.p. 1703. Lent by F. C. Eeles. SOUTH GALLERY 1029 16 The reasonableness of a toleration to those of the episcopal perswasion, enquir'd into, purely on Church-principles. In iv letters to Mr. George Meldrum, professor of theology in the colledge of Edinburgh. [? by Bishop Sage.] Edinburgh, 1704. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 17 The reasonableness of a toleration enquir'd into, purely on church principles. In several letters. [By Bishop John Sage.] London, 1705. Lent by F. C. Eeles. On Screen above. 17a a brief examination of some things in Mr. Meldrum's sermon . . . against toleration to those of the Epicopal per- swasion. In a letter to a friend, n.p. 1703. Lent by the Trustees of the late Rev. G. W. Sprott. 17b A continuation of a few brief and modest reflexions per- swading a just indulgence to be granted to the Episcopal clergy and people in Scotland. . . . n.p. 1703. Lent by the Trustees of the late Rev. G. W. Sprott. 17c Toleration defended : or, the letter from a gentleman to a member of parliament concerning toleration considered; with some observes on Mr. Meldrum's sermon. [Geo. Brown.] n.p. 1703. Lent by the Trustees of the late Rev. G. W. Sprott. 17d A letter from a gentleman, to a member of Parliament; concerning toleration. Second edition. To which is added a Letter concerning the grounds and reasons, why those of the Episcopal perswasion, cannot join in communion with the Established Church, n.p. 1703. Lent by the Trustees of the late Rev. G. W. Sprott. 17e a full and final answer to a triffling reply made unto a paper, entituled Plain-dealing with the Presbyterians wherein the reasonableness and necessity of a toleration is main- tained, against all that is said in the gentleman's letter to a member of parliament, and vindication thereof. In a letter to a friend, n.p. 1703. Lent by the Trustees of the late Rev. G. W. Sprott. 18 The Case of the Episcopal Clergy and of those of the Episcopal perswasion considered as to the granting them a Toleration and Indulgence. Second edition. [By Dr. George Garden.] n.p. 1705. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 19 The genuine epistles of St. Ignatius, translated into English by W. Wake, D.D., printed at Lond. in 1693. As also a vindication of them by Lewis Ellies Du Pin, Dr. of the Sorbon, both put together, and reprinted at Edin- burgh in 1708. To which is added a Short Answer to 1030 LITERATUEE OF THE SCOTTISH EPISCOPALIANS Mr. William Jameson's Nazianzeni Querela, where he impugns the authority of the foresaid Epistles. By R[obert] C[alder]. Edinburgh, 1708. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 20 A draught for a national church accommodation : whereby the subjects of North and South-Britain, however different in their judgments concerning Episcopacy and Presbytery, may yet be united. Edinburgh, 1709. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 21 A short account of the divine original of episcopacy, from Scripture, the Fathers, and Councils, and the constant practice of the Universal Church. Being an answer to a letter from Mr. James Sands in Birsay. By Mr. James Lyon. n.p. 1710. Bound with A letter directed thus, for Mr. James Lyon in Kirkwal. [James Sands], n.p. 1710. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 22 To the . . . Lords of Council and Session, the Petition of Mr. James Greenshields, minister of the gospel. [Edin- burgh, 1709.] Lent by the Theological College or the Scottish Episcopal Church. 23 The case of Mr. Greenshields, fully stated and discuss'd, in a letter from a commoner of North Britain, to an English Peer. London, 1711. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 24 A Letter from a gentleman in Edinburgh to his friend in London, giving an account of the present proceedings against the Episcopal Clergy in Scotland, for using the English Lyturgy there. Edinburgh, 1711. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 25 The mystery of man's redemption opened up, in five sermons, upon the five solemn festivals of the Church of Scotland. [Alex. Lunan.] Edinburgh, 1712. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 25a The Mystery of Man's Redemption opened up. In five sermons upon the five solemn festivals of the Church of Scotland. By the Rev. Alexander Lunan, Aberdeen- shire, Last Episcopal minister ut Daviot, established in the Parish Kirk at that place. Edinburgh, printed in 1712, reprinted at Aberdeen, 1836. An early 19th century reprint of the preceding. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 26 An Apology for Mr. Thomas Rhind, or an Account of the manner how, and the reasons for which he separated SOUTH GALLERY 1031 from the Presbyterian Party, and embraced the com- munion of the Church. Edinburgh, 1712. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 27 A Full Vindication of the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Edinburgh and the other Administrators of the Charities there, from the Calumnies ... of Mr. George Barclay . . . published in the Flying-Post . . . with . . . design to hinder the charity of Good Christians, towards the Relief of the Suffering Episcopal Clergy in Scot- land. Edinburgh, 1712. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 28 A full vindication of the right reverend the Lord Bishop of Edinburgh, and the other administrators of the charities there, from the calumnies . . . publish' d in the Flying-Post . . . with . . . design to hinder the charity of good Christians, towards the relief of the suffering Episcopal Clergy in Scotland. London, 1712. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 29 A short account of the grievances of the episcopal clergy in Scotland. London, 1712. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 29a To the Queen's most excellent majestie, the humble address and supplication of the suffering Episcopal clergy in the kingdom of Scotland, whose names and designations are underwritten. [1712.] Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 29b a Bill to prevent disturbance to those of the Episcopal Communion, in . . . Scotland, in the exercise of their religious worship. . . . [1712.] Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 29c Unto the Queens . . . Majesty, the Humble address and representation of the Commission of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland . . . Edinburgh, 5 March, 1712. The General Assembly's petition against the proposed toleration of Scottish Episcopalians. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 29d The Case of the Church of Scotland, with relation to the Bill for a Toleration to the Episcopal Dissenters to set up Meeting-Houses, and use the English Service in Scotland. [1712.] An official attack on the Toleration Bill. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish J]pis copal Cbuucbj, 1032 LITEEATUEE OF THE SCOTTISH EPISCOPALIANS 29e Some queries humbly propos'd upon the bill for a Toleration to the Episcopal Clergy in Scotland. [1712.] From the Presbyterian standpoint. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 29f Some counter queries. [1712.] The Episcopalian answer to the above. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 29g An act to prevent the disturbing of those of the Episcopal Communion in . . . Scotland, in the exercise of their religious worship, and in the use of the liturgy of the Church of England ; And for repealing the act passed in the Parliament of Scotland, intituled, Act against Irregular Baptisms and Marriages. 1712. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 30 The causes of the decay of presbytery in Scotland. In answer to a letter from a clergy-man of that perswasion. London, 1713. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 31 A Letter to the People of Scotland, in order to remove their prejudice to the Book of Common Prayer. To which is added an appendix : wherein are answer'd the objections offer'd against the Liturgy, in two late pamphlets, call'd Dialogues between a curate and a country-man. By P. Barclay, A.M. London, 1713. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 32 A practical essay, proving the Christian religion to be from God. ... A Sermon preach' d in one of the meeting- houses of the city of Edinburgh, on Thursday, the 28th of October, being St. Simon and St. Jude's day. By W. M., Episcopal Minister. Edinburgh, 1714. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 33 The Life of the Rev. and Learned Mr. John Sage. Wherein also Some Account is given of his Writings, both Printed and in Manuscript; and some things are added, towards the clearing the ancient government of the Church of Scotland from the mistakes of a late author. [John Gillan.] London, 1714. Lent by the Dean and Chapter op St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 33a Autograph Letter from Alexander Rose, Bishop of Edin- burgh 1687-1720, to the clergyman at Burntisland re- garding a case of discipline there, 6 May, 1715. Bishop Rose was sent to London to interview William of Orange on behalf of the Scottish Episcopalians. It is SOUTH GALLERY 1033 said that the answer he gave, " Sir, I will serve you so far as law, reason or conscience shall allow," when William asked if he would support him, caused the Prince to resolve to support the Presbyterians. Lent by Mrs. Dowden. 33b To the King's . . . Majesty The humble address of the Episcopal Clergy of the Diocese of Aberdeen, presented ... by the Reverend Drs. James and George Gardens, Dr. Burnet, Mr. Dunbreck, Mr. Blair, and Mr. Mait- land, at Fetteresso, 29 Dec. 1715. . . . Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 34 The safety of the righteous man from injury and harm : or, if he is persecuted for righteousness sake, his felicity in that condition : together with some useful directions how to demean himself in such a conjuncture. . . . By David Ranken, one of the Episcopal Ministers at Edin- burgh. Edinburgh, 1716. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 35 & Formal Proposals, for Intercommunion between the Non- 35a juring Episcopalians and the Holy Orthodox Eastern Church of Greece and Russia, 1716. No. 35 is in the handwriting of Dr. Brett. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 36 The nature of spiritual rebellion consider'd, and applied to the Presbyterians; in which their commission, either to preach, or to administer the sacraments is proved to be ineffectual : in a sermon, preached by a persecuted and suffering clergy-man of the church. Edinburgh, 1718. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 37 The appeal of the episcopal clergy in Scotland to the lords in parliament. Wherein the proceedings of the Presby- terian judicatures against Episcopal Ministers are prov'd to be contrary to the laws of the land, to express acts of Parliament, to common equity, and to former precedents in the like cases. ... In a letter from a gentleman in Scotland to the archbishops and bishops of England. [n.p. 1718.] [p. 83.] Follows the memorial or case of Mr. George White, minister ... at Maryculter, humbly offer'd to the consideration of the provincial synod of Aberdeen, and therefore to the Lords of Justiciary, in behalf of himself and others. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 38 Records of the New Consecrations. [Bishop George Hickes.] n.p. n.d. A very scarce publication of the English Non-jurors in which all the deeds of consecration of their bishops are 1034 LITERATUEE OF THE SCOTTISH EPISCOPALIANS given at length, with facsimiles of the seals and signa- tures of the consecrators, many of whom were Scottish bishops. Lent by the Hon. the Archdeacon of St. Albans. 39 A Sermon Preached on Occasion of the Much lamented Death of the Right Reverend Father in God, Alexander [Rose] late Lord Bishop of Edinburgh. By a Presbyter of the Church Edinburgh, 1720. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 40 Sermons on the liturgical Gospels throughout the year by Archibald Campbell. Vol. I. Advent to Trinity. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 41 The doctrines of a Middle State between death and the resur- rection : of prayers for the dead : and the necessity of purification ; plainly proved from the Holy Scriptures : and the writings of the Fathers of the primitive Church : and acknowledged by several learned Fathers, and great divines of the Church of England, and others, since the Reformation. To which is added, an appendix concerning the descent of the Soul of Christ into Hell, while his Body lay in the grave. Together with the judgment of the Reverend Dr. Hickes concerning this book ... as it appeared in a first edition, and a manuscript of the Right Reverend Bishop Overal, upon the subject of a middle state &c. never before printed. Also a preservative against several of the errors of the Roman Church, in six small treatises. By the Hon. Archibald Campbell [afterwards bishop of Aberdeen]. London, 1721. The first edition of this well-known book appeared in 1713 with a title beginning " Some primitive doctrines revived." Lent by F. C. Eeles. 41a Select pieces of the reverend and pious Thomas h Kempis. vol. ii. In] which are contained two books, viz. 1. The valley of lilies, 11. The soliloquy of the soul. Edinburgh, 1721. Lent by Miss Beatrice Clugston. 42 Autograph Letter from the Hon. Archibald Campbell, after- wards bishop of Aberdeen, to "The Rev. John Falconer at Carnbie, Fife,'' 12th June, 1713. Lent by the Rev. Duncan MacGregor. 42a Autograph Letter to one of the bishops regarding the election of Archibald Campbell as bishop of Aberdeen, written by John Fullerton, bishop of Edinburgh, 25th Sept., 1721. Lent by Mrs. Dowden. SOUTH GALLERY 1035 43 A description of the great things contain'd in the Gospel, and of a conversation agreeable to them. . . . By- David Ranken, one of the Episcopal Ministers at Edinburgh. Edinburgh, 1722. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 44 An Enquiry into the Decent and Beautiful Order of the Administration of the Lord's Supper : for the Use of the Church of Scotland, and that conform to the Test of sacred Scripture, of all Ancient and Modern Authors, in Opposition to all Popish Superstition. By a Gentleman of the Church of Scotland. Printed in the Year 1723, and sold by the Book-Sellers of London and Edinburgh. Lent by the Rev. J. H. Burn. 45 Facsimile of Deed of Election of Dr. James Gadderar as Bishop of Aberdeen, 24th May, 1725, wilh signatures of the Non-juring Episcopalian clergy of the Diocese. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 46 A supplement to the view of the elections of bishops in the primitive church : wherein that treatise is cleared from the objections made against it, in a book lately published, entituled, An Essay on the Nature of the Church; and A Beview of the Elections of Bishops in the Primitive Church. . . . By James Dundass, M.A. Presbyter of the Church of Scotland, author of the View. Edinburgh, 1730. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 47 A letter to a friend : with two poems sacred to the memory of the late R.R. Dr. Thomas Rattray of Craighall, Bishop of Edinburgh. Edinburgh, 1743. By John Skinner of Linshart (Longside), Aberdeen- shire, Tullochgorum." Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mari's Cathedral, Edinburgh. CASE 14. And Screen above. 48 Epitaph suggested for Dr. Rattray, Bishop of Edinburgh. [By John Skinner of Linshart, "Tullochgorum."] [1743.] Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 48a a defence of the Communion-Office of the Church of England, Proving there is neither reason nor authority for laying it aside; in a letter to a friend. Edinburgh, 1744. 1036 LITEEATUEE OF THE SCOTTISH EPISCOPALIANS Published by the party among the Scottish Episcopalians who were against the use of the Scottish Liturgy. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 49 Letter from the Rev. Robert Lyon to his mother and sisters, dated Carlisle Castle, 23rd October, 1746. He was a Scottish Episcopal clergyman killed at Carlisle by the English because of his active support of the Jacobite party. Signed at the end by the author. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 50 Manuscript. The last and dying speech of Robert Lyon, A.M., Presbyter at Perth. At end "Carlisle Castle, 20th October, 1746." An almost contemporary copy in- cluding the dying speeches and testimonies of other Jacobites who were put to death in England. 51 A later copy of the first of the above. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 52 Manuscript, headed. To the Commission of the General Assembly. MS. of a reply to "A Seasonable Warning of the Commission of the General Assembly." It is by an ardent Jacobite Episcopalian, who says, ''I adhor and detest every part of the Romish faith which is incon- sistent with the holy articles of the Nicene Creed, and . . . should resist even unto blood against it." Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 53 An Act more effectually to prohibit and prevent Pastors or Ministers from officiating in Episcopal Meeting- houses in Scotland, without duly qualifying themselves according to law ; and to punish persons for resorting to any meeting-houses where such unqualified Pastors or Ministers shall officiate. Edinburgh, 1746. This is the famous act of 19 George II., which made it illegal for an Episcopal clergyman to hold a service with more than five persons present, beside a private household, unless he qualified for civil tolera- tion by praying for George II. by name. The act was dictated by religious as well as political considera- tions, for no clergyman in Scottish orders was allowed to qualify even if he repented politically. The penalty was 6 months for the first, transportation for life for the second offence, and those who attended Scottish Episcopalian services were disenfranchised. This was the last and most rigorous of the penal laws by which the former widespread Episcopalianism of the north of SOUTH GALLERY 1037 Scotland was gradually reduced to comparative in- significance, chiefly as a precautionary measure against Jacobitism. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 54 A letter from a layman to a lay-deacon of the Kirk of Scotland. Containing the reasons of his dissenting from the Presbyterian, and joining the Episcopal Communion. . . . [By Duncan Innes, Canongate, Edin- burgh.] 1749. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 55 Manuscript. The case of the English missionaries in this Nation consider'd, and shewn in their administrations, from the principles and practices of the primitive church, in the eight or nine first centuries, to be uncanonical and schismatical. To all the members of the persecuted Church of Scotland a seasonable warning against some of the present various and deadly schisms. An attack by the Scottish Episcopal Church upon in truding English clergymen who were qualified for civil toleration by praying for King George, but who refused to acknowledge the Scots Bishops. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 66 The lawfulness and expediency of set forms of prayer, maintained. . . . By the Rev. Mr. Robert Calder, of the Church of Scotland. And by the Rev. Bishops Taylor, Comber and King of the Church of England. Leith, 1766. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 57 The works of that great monarch, and glorious martyr. King Charles I., in 2 vols. Aberdeen: Printed by J. Chal- mers for William Coke bookseller in Leith. 1766. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 58 An essay on the nature of the human body ... on the growing evil of profaning and defiling kirks, and kirkyards. ... By a ruling elder of the Church of Scotland. [Robert Forbes, episcopal clergyman at Leith and bishop of Caithness.] Edinburgh, 1767. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 59 A letter to a lady. Wherein the nature and necessity, of worshipping God in the unity of the Church, and in Communion with the lawful Bishop of the diocese is set forth in a clear and obvious manner ; adapted to the meanest capacities. [Philalethes : i.e. Robt. Forbes, Bishop of Caithness.] Edinburgh, 1768. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 1038 LITEEATUEE OF THE SCOTTISH EPISCOPALIANS 60 Letters of deacon's orders of John Allan, 30 Nov., 1767, signed by John Alexander, Bishop of Dunkeld. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 61 Licence to John Allan to officiate in the diocese of Edin- burgh, 19th and 28th June, 1776, signed by William Falconer, Primus; James Raitt, Bishop of Brechin. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 62 Collation of John Allan, presbyter, by Robert Kilgour, bishop of Aberdeen, Peterhead, 30 Aug., 1776. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 63 An answer to a late inquiry into the powers of ecclesiastics, etc., in a letter to the author. [Rev. John Skinner, of Linshart, " Tullochgorum."] London, 1777. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 64 Facsimile of the letter written at Aberdeen 15th Nov., 1784, from the Scottish bishops who consecrated Bishop Seabury, to the clergy of the diocese of Connecticut, certifying the consecration and referring to the formal Concordat which accompanied it, by which inter- communion between the Scottish and American Episcopal Churches was established and defined. The letter is signed by Seabury's three consecrators, Robert Kilgour, Bishop of Aberdeen and Primus of the Episcopal Church, Arthur Petrie, Bishop of Moray, and John Skinner, Coadjutor Bishop of Aberdeen. Lent by the Thfological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 65 Manuscript "Copy of the Concordat with the Church in Connecticut, N. America." [1784.] Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 66 The nature and extent of the apostolical commission. A sermon, preached at the consecration of the Right Reverend Dr. Samuel Seabury, bishop of the Episcopal Church in Connecticut. By a bishop of the Episcopal Church in Scotland. [John Skinner, Coadiutor Bishop of Aberdeen.] Aberdeen, J. Chalmers, 1785. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 67 The address of the episcopal clergy of Connecticut, to the right reverend Bishop Seabury, with his answer. And, a sermon, by the reverend Jeremiah Learning, A.M. Rector of Christ's Church, Stratford : also. Bishop Seabury's first charge to the clergy of his diocese : SOUTH GALLERY 10391 both delivered at Middletown, August 3. and 4. 1785. With a list of the Succession of Scots Bishops, from the Revolution in 1688, to the present time. Edinburgh, 1786. Autograph of Bishop Jolly on title page. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 68 Bishop Seabury's Second Charge, to the clergy of his diocess, delivered at Derby, in the state of Connecticut, on the 22nd of September, 1786. Published at the earnest desire of the Convocation. New-Haven ; printed by Thomas and Samuel Green, n.d. [1786.] Autograph of Bishop Jolly on title page. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 69 Facsimile of An earnest persuasive to frequent communion ; addressed to these professors of the Church of England, in Connecticut, who neglect that holy ordinance. By the Right Reverend Father in God, Samuel [Seabury], their Diocesan Bishop. New-Haven : 1789. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 70 Letter from Bishop Seabury in which he speaks of getting an edition of the prayer book printed, with the Canons and Rubrics accomodated to our state. The book would scarcely be so large as the present. We wish to know what a common edition about 5000 could be done for at Edinburgh." Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church 71 Intimation to the clergy and laity of the Episcopal Church in Scotland. 24 April, 1788, from the bishops assembled at Aberdeen, that they have resolved to submit to the Government of George III. and to cause him to be prayed for by name in the services. [Aberdeen? 1788.] Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 72 Case of the Episcopal Clergy, in Scotland, and of the Laity of their Communion. London, 1789. Statement of the Case for the Repeal of the Penal Laws. ^ _ Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 73 A Bill intitled An Act for Granting Relief to Pastors, Ministers, and Lay Persons of the Episcopal Communion in Scotland. 1792. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 1040 LITERATURE OF THE SCOTTISH EPISCOPALIANS 74 A narrative of the proceedings relating to the bill which was lately passed into a law, intituled An Act for grant- ing relief to pastors, ministers, and lay persons of the Episcopal Communion in Scotland. By a member of their committee, appointed to solicit the repeal of cer- tain penal statutes. Aberdeen, 1792. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 75 Letter from Dr. Samuel Horsley, bishop of St. Asaph to the Rev. James Walker. 1802-1806. ' Dr. Samuel Horsley, perhaps the greatest English theologian of his time, was largely instrumental in procuring the repeal of the Penal Laws against Scottish Episcopacy. Lent by the Theological College of the ScoTTiS'i Episcopal Church. 76 A letter from Bp. Abernethy Drummond to the lay-members of his diocese, April, 1788. With large notes. Edin- burgh : Printed December, 1788. One of the latest Jacobite publications. Prince Charlie had just died, and Dr. Abernethy Drummond wrote to the laity of his diocese of Edinburgh explain- ing that allegiance to the Stewarts ought no longer to be required of Scottish Episcopalians, and that they ought to accept the House of Hanover. Some uncom- promising Jacobites thereupon re-printed the bishop's letter with caustic notes from their own point of view. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 77 Ecclesiastical History of Scotland, from the first appearance of Christianity in that kingdom, to the present time. With remarks on the most important occurrences. In a series of letters to a friend. By the Reverend John Skinner, a presbyter of the Episcopal Church in Scot- land, at Longside, Aberdeenshire. Vol. i. London, 1788, The poet of " Tullochgorum." Prefaced by a Dedication in Latin elegiacs to his son, Bishop John Skinner. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 78 Reasons for the Scotch Episcopal Clergy submitting to the Royal Family of Hanover : a friendly address to the English ordained Episcopal clergy within the Diocess of Edinburgh, and their hearers : wherein are strictures on schism and heresy ; in answer to the Reverend Prin- cipal Campbell's late dissertations on these subjects. In two letters. By the Right Reverend Bishop Aber- nethy-Drummond. Edinburgh, 1792. An attempt to induce the "English" Episcopalians to recognise the Scottish bishops now that the Jacobite diffi- culty was surmounted. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. SOUTH GALLERY 1041 79 The Presence of Christ, in Places of Christian Worship. A Sermon preached at the Consecration of St. Andrew's Chapel in Aberdeen, on Sunday the 13th of Septem- ber, 1795. With some prayers used on the occassion. . . . By . . . John Skinner. Aberdeen, 1795. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 80 The favour of God the only defence of nations. A sermon, preached on Tuesday, December 19th, 1797, being the day appointed ... as a general thanksgiving for the . . . victories. . . . By a clergyman of the Episcopal Church of Scotland. [ ? John Skinner, bishop of Aberdeen]. Aberdeen, 1798. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 81 Theological Works of the Late Rev. John Skinner, Epis- copal Clergyman in Longside, Aberdeenshire. In two volumes. To which is prefixed a Biographical Memoir of the Author. Vol. i. Aberdeen, 1809. Lent by F. C. Eeles. MISCELLANEOUS ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE. The following books relate to the so-called " English " Episcopalians in Scotland, namely, those who qualified for civil toleration by praying for King George, but did not acknowledge the Scottish bishops and yet were not part of the Church of England, and not officially recognised by the English authorities. These congregations have since become part of the Scottisli Episcopal Church. 82 The lawfulness and duty of praying for our present King and governor, vindicated ; in answer to a pamphlet intitled. The duty of praying for our superiors con- sidered, in remarks on Mr. Cockburn's printed sermon. With some papers relating to the oaths. [P. Cockburn.] Edinburgh, 1735. Bound with : The duty and benefit of praying for our governors : a sermon preached in St. Paul's Chapel in Aberdeen on the day of their majesties coronation. By Patrick Cockburn, A.M. Edinburgh, 1728. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 83, 84 Documents relating to a dispute between the managers and the clergyman of the ''qualified" Episcopal Chapel at Montrose, 1744 and 1745. [Edinburgh] 1744-1745. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 85 Sermons by the late Reverend George Carr, senior clergy- man of the English Episcopal congregation in Edin- burgh. Vol. i. Edinburgh, William Creech, 1777. Interesting list of subscribers, including Principals Robertson and Geo. Campbell, Beattie, Blair, etc. Lent by Rev. Professor Cooper. 1042 MISCELLANEOUS ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE 86 A Sermon preached on the 19th December 1797, being the day appointed for a Public Thanksgiving ... by Alex- ander Grant, D.D Minister of the English Chapel at Dundee. Dundee, 1798. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Chukch. 87 The Constitution of the English-Episcopal Chapel in Glas- gow. Glasgow, 1791. Lent by F. C. Eeles. A few sermons against the " Pretender " preached bv clergymen of the Church of England. On the screens, except 91. 88 The Son of Tabeal. A sermon occasion'd by the French In- vasion in favour of the Pretender. Preach'd March 14. 1708. By Thos. Bradbury. London [n.d.]. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 89 The case of the Pretender stated, and our duty on that occa- sion. In a sermon preach'd at the parish-church of Saint Nicholas Coleabby, on Sunday, March 21, 170|. By Joseph Cannell, M.A., Lecturer of the two united parishes of St. Nicholas Coleabby and St. Nicholas Olave [London]. London, 1708. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 90 A Sermon preached on the Occasion of the present Rebellion in Scotland, at the Parish-Church of St. James', West- minster, and the Chapels belonging to it. October 6, 13, 1745. By Thomas, Lord Bishop of Oxford. London, 1745. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 91 A sermon deliver' d in the South-Church in Boston, New England, August 14, 1746. Being the day of general thanksgiving for the great deliverance of the British nations, by the glorious and happy victory near Cul- loden. . . . By Thos. Prince, M.A., and a pastor of the said church. Boston, printed : Edinburgh, reprinted . . . 1747. Lent by F. C. Eeles. A "Buchanite" Manuscript. 92 Transcript by Mr. Train, Excise Officer at Castle Douglas and friend of Sir Walter Scott, of the Manuscript History of the Buchanite Sect, which was written by Andrew Innes, the last surviving member of that body, in 1839. Innes has made comments and additions at the beginning and end. SOUTH GALLERY 1043 The sect arose at Irvine in 1783, and consisted of a Minister named White and a number of people who seceded from the Relief Congregation at Irvine. They believed the extraordinary prophecies of a fanatical woman named Elizabeth Simpson, who was born in Banffshire, and is said to have married a Glasgow man named Buchan, whom she deserted. She claimed to be the Woman clothed with the Sun, described in the 12th chapter of the Apocalypse. She also claimed to be the incarnation of the Third Person of the Blessed Trinity. With her followers she was tumed out of Irvine by the infuriated towns people, and migrated to a place called New Cample, close to Thornhill, in Dumfriesshire, where they lived in a communistic settlement, and waited for the end of the world, which " Luckie Buchan," as she was called, foretold would come on a particular date. On that day she and her followers mounted a rough wooden stand in a field, and waited to be taken to Heaven. The stand collapsed, and the community migrated to Auchengibbert, at the north end of the parish of Urr, in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, where the woman Buchan died, and the settlement broke up. The remnant of her followers afterwards built the village of Crocketford. They gradually died out, the last sur- vivor, the half crazy old man, Andrew Innes, living until 1846, when the sect became extinct. Lent by John M'Kerlie. A Scottish mediaeval marriage dispensation. 93 Dispensation, dated 29 Jan., 1532, from Gavin Dunbar, Archbishop of Glasgow, in virtue of power given thro' the papal nuncio to William Bailze and Janet Hammyl- ton, two of Lord Lamington's ancestors, to contract marriage, although within the 3rd and 4th degrees of consanguinity. With the archiepiscopal seal of Gavin Dunbar, and the notarial mark and attestation of John Reid. Such dispensations were extremely common at the time. Lent by the Earl of Lamington. A crown presentation to a Scottish living before the abolition of patronage. 94 Presentation, by the Crown, of John McCrae Sandilands, to the Parish of Urr in the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, and Presbytery of Dumfries, 17th May, 1855, with the Scottish Great Seal of Queen Victoria attached. Lent by Rev. David Swan. 95 Communion Tokens used by Thomas Gillespie, founder of the Relief Church, 1753. Lent by Rev. W. Andrew Hutoheson. 1044 MISCELLANEOUS ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE Lease of tithes hy a I6th century titular bishop. 96 Lease of the Tythes in question from David [Cunningham] Bishop of Aberdeen, to John Gordon and Margaret his wife, for their lives, and to John their son, for three nineteen years; dated the 12th of April, 1585. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. A SERIES OF POST-REFORMATION EPISCOPAL SEALS, 1633-1798. CASE 14. 1 Seal of John Maxwell, Bishop of Ross, 1633-1640, ejected by the Glasgow Assembly, 1638. One of the compilers of the Scottish Prayer Book of 1637. Lent by W. M. Mackenzie. 2 Cast of Seal of James Sharp, Archbishop of St. Andrews, 1661-1679. Lent by W. R. Jex Long. 3 Seal of Arthur Ross, Archbishop of St. Andrews, 1685-1704. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 4 Seal of John Paterson, Bishop of Galloway, 1674-1679. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 5 Seal of John Paterson, Archbishop of Glasgow, 1687-1708. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 6 Seal of Alexander Ross, Bishop of Edinburgh, 1687-1720. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 7 Seal of Murdoch Mackenzie, Bishop of Orkney, 1677-1688. Lent by R. Hume Brodie. 8 Seal of George Halyburton, Bishop of Brechin, 1678-1682, afterwards Bishop of Aberdeen. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 9 Seal of George Halyburton, Bishop of Aberdeen, 1682-1715. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 9a The Matrix of the seal of George Halyburton, Bishop of Aberdeen (impression No. 9). Lent by Aberdeen University. SOUTH GALLERY 1045 10 Seal of Arthur Miller, Bishop of Edinburgh, 1718-1727. Lent by The Very Eev, the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 11 Seal of David Freebairn, Bishop of Edinburgh, 1722-1739. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 12 Seal of William Duubar, Bishop of Aberdeen, 1727-1746. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 13 Seal of Andrew Gerard, Bishop of Aberdeen, 1747-1767. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 14 Seal of James Rait, Bishop of Brechin, 1742-1777. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 15 Seal of George Innes, Bishop of Brechin, 1778-1781. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 16 Seals of John Strachan, Bishop of Brechin, 1788-1810. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 17 Seal of John Alexander, Bishop of Dunkeld, 1743-1776. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 18 Seal of William Falconer, Bishop of Caithness, 1741-1742; Bishop of Moray, 1742-1777 ; Bishop of Edinburgh, 1776-1784. Lent by W. R. Jex Long. 19 Seal of Arthur Petrie, Bishop of Moray, 1776-1787. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 20 Seal of John Skinner, Bishop of Aberdeen, 1786-1816. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 21 Seal of Alexander Jolly, Bishop of Moray, 1798-1838. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 22 Seal of Alexander Jolly, Bishop of Moray, 1798-1838. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 23 Chapter Seal of Moray, 1585. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 1046 EPISCOPAL SEALS 24 Probably an 18th century Seal of a bishop of Caithness. Lent by The Very Eev. the Dean op St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 25 13th century Seal of the Chapter of the Cathedral Church of Caithness at Dornoch. Lent by The Very Eev. the Dean op St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 26 13th century Seal of John, Archdeacon of Glasgow. Lent by The Very Eev. the Dean op St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 27 13th century stone Seal made for the abbots of the Cistercian monastery of Dundrennan, in the Stewartry of Kirkcud- bright. It is made from a smooth water-worn pebble, one end of which has been ground flat and then engraved round the edge with the inscription : SIGILLVM ABBATIS DE DVNDRAYNAN It was found on the farm of Mulloch, Pierwick, at one time part of the Abbey lands. Lent by the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright Museum Association. 28 Brass Matrix of Seal of Abbey of Inchaffray, c. 1480. Lent by J. Ferguson. Set of Episcopal Seals of Some of the English Non-juring Bishops, with whom the Scottish Episcopalians were in communion. Seal of Dr. George Hickes, 1642-1715, a learned Non-juring Bishop, consecrated in 1694. Lent by The Very Eev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. Seal of Henry Gandy, 1649-1734, an English Non-Juror, con- secrated Bishop 1716. Lent by The Very Eev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. Seal of Jeremy Collier, the historian, 1650-1726, consecrated a Non-juring Bishop, 1713. Lent by The Very Eev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. Seal of Dr. Thomas Brett, 1667-1744, consecrated a Bishop among the English Non-Jurors, 1716. An able liturgical scholar. Lent by The Very Eev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. SOUTH GALLERY 1047 Seal of Dr. Richard Rawliiison, the well-known benefactor to the Bodleian Library at Oxford, 1690-1755. Consecrated a Non-juring Bishop, ] 728. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. Seal of Bishop Mawnian, an English Non-Juror. Lent by The Very Rev, the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. Seal of an English Non-juring Bishop. Not identified. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. Seal of an English Non-juring Bishop. Not identified. Lent by The Very Rev. the Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE. The form for giving Communion to the sick at the end of the gospel book known as the Book of Deer apj)ears to be the only liturgical form which has survived to us from the Celtic period of Scottish Christianity. There can be little doubt, however, that the Celtic church in Scotland possessed liturgical forms not widely different from those used in Ireland. These were: roughly speaking, of what is known as the Gallican type that is to say, they more or less resembled the rites used by Christians in the extreme western parts of Europe, and now represented to a large extent by the Mozarabic rite still used in a few churches in Spain, and to a lesser degree by certain features in the Ambrosian (the use of parts of the north of Italy at the present day).^ Tliese Gallican rites, and the cere- monial usages that accompanied them, differed widely from the Roman type of liturgy which all but superseded them, and in some respects they more resembled the liturgies of Eastern Christendom.''^ Charles the Great had a strong desire for liturgical uniformity, and the Gallican rites in his day were said to be in a confused and corrupt state. He sent for a copy of the Roman missal, had it combined with a good deal of Gallican matter, and used this throughout his dominions. Even Rome itself was content to adopt this book as revised by the Emperor. Although the old Gallican rites were superseded by this new mixed rite, there was no absolute uniformity. The mixture of materials varied in ditferent places, although the principal Roman elements so far predominated that the new books could be spoken of as " Roman " in contrast with the old. Not only so, but the Gallican ceremonial (as distinct from the ritual or text of the services) still persisted, and indeed tended 1 It is not coufined to Milan, but serves over 1,000,000 souls in the district. 2 The Latin Roman rite seems to have superseded an earlier Greek i-ite in Italy : notwithstanding its enormous prevalence in later times, it was in many respects very much by itself among the earlier liturgies. 1048 SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE to develop apart from Roman influence. So that all over Western Christendom, outside Italy, various forms or "uses" became more or less fixed in different dioceses or districts. Thus in France and England, in the Middle Ages, just as we find the church buildings arranged in a way that is not Eastern but Western, and at the same time not Italian, so we find Latin services of the Roman liturgical type as regards outline and essentials of the rite, but local or national " uses " of that type, with local ceremonial. So in Paris and Rouen the books were according to the respective uses of these places, and in York and Hereford "secundum usuni Eboracensem" or "ad usum ecclesiae Herfordeosis," But the principal English use was that of Saram or Salisbury, which made its way, with slight local modification in detail, over practically the whole land. It was used in the northern province, even in places within the diocese of York itself ; with slight modification it went under the names of Bangor in N. Wales and of Lincoln in the E. Midlands ; indeed, Sarum books were sometimes designated "secundum usum Angliae," showing that it was regarded as the English Use in a sense in which the uses of York and Hereford were not. Sarum use overflowed into the east of Ireland, and was followed in Dublin with some strictness : it is even said that it was used in Lisbon. When Malcolm Canmore's queen, St. Margaret of Scotland, caused a drastic ecclesiastical reformation to take place in Scot- land in the eleventh century, the old rites of the Celtic Church gave way before the Anglicising and Latinising influence, her biographer Turgot, referring to mass as having formerly been said : " nescioquo ritu barbaro." In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries English influence was at its height in Scotland, and that was the time when the cathedral chapters were constituted. In all of them the Sarum foundation was taken as a model, either directly or through the medium of Lincoln. Glasgow followed it, so did Dunblane, Dunkeld, Brechin, Aberdeen, and, with slight modifications, Ross and Caithness, At Moray in 1242 the chapter agreed to follow Sarum use " not only in reading and in singing, but in other things pertaining to divine services." In conformity with this evidence as to capitular constitution we find that all the mediaeval Scottish liturgical books which have survived are of Sarum use. There was a lingering tradition of Celtic Christianity which showed itself in a more or less indefinite cultus of the national and local saints —the early missionaries who first preached the Gospel in the land. But it was very unsystematic, and seems to have been local and popular and not governed by decrees of councils or synods. It made little impression on the sanctorale of missal or breviary except to disorganise it and to multiply the occasions for the use of the commune sanctorum. The names crowded the kalendar and the litany, but there were few special services to correspond with them. In the dioceses of Orkney and the Isles the Celtic system was supplanted rather by Scandinavian than by English influence, and those dioceses remained in the Norwegian province of Throndhjem till late in the fifteenth century. The diocese of Galloway was in the province of York till 1472. We have no SOUTH GALLERY 1049 definite evidence to guide us as to the liturgical use of these districts. A York fragment, No. 9, has, it is true, been found in Scotland, but there is absolutely no proof that it was used in Scotland. It is more probable that the Galloway churches followed the rest of Scotland in using Sarum books than that they were so closely in touch with York as to use the very local use of that place. There seems some slight evidence of the customs of Orkney differing from those of the mainland, and it is more than probable that Norwegian books found their way there. When Eric Walkendorf, Archbishop of Throndhjem, printed the missal of that rite in 1519, he claimed that it was for the use of the whole kingdom of Norway, while stating in the preface that owing to the scarcity of books some of the secular clergy had been using those of the Cistercians and other religious orders. Probably the liturgical uses of Orkney and the Isles were very unsystematic. Such evidence as we have regarding the Scottish religious orders goes to shew that they too did much the same as the corresponding orders in England ; many of the earlier founda- tions were daughter houses of English monasteries. With these exceptions it may be said that Scotland adopted the English use. When printing came, the printed Sarum books were imported wholesale, and the Scottish saints added to the kalendars in writing. See Nos. 11, 13, and 14 in Case 15. In 1509-10 there was an attempt to provide a Scottish use by a conservative reform of the Sarum books just so far as to provide for the Scottish saints being remembered in an orderly fashion. William Elphinstone, bishop of Aberdeen, printed a breviary according to Aberdeen Use on these lines, and it was intended to be one of a number of siniilar books which the Privy Council called " our own Scots use," and ordered to be substituted for the Sarum. Nothing more seems to have been done, and we know the Sarum books still continued in use. Scotland showed a lack of originality and a lack of initiative in liturgical matters hard to parallel in any other part of Western Europe at the time. With the Reformation it was the same. First the reformers demanded the Common Prayers in English, in vain ; then in 1557 they adopted the Second English Prayer Book, thus doing what Scotland had done in such matters for hundreds of years. With Knox's return they broke with the past, indeed, as far as the forms themselves were concerned, but not as far ;is lack of originality went, for the book made by the English exiles at Frankfurt and Geneva which Knox brought with him, held the field till onsted by yet another English book — the " Westminster Directory" ot 1644 — still the official standard of the majority of Scottish Christians. Even for the metre psalms, an entirely English book — that of Rous, the Independent — was substituted in 1650 for the partly, though mostly English, psalter adopted by the Reformers. More originality was shown in the draft liturgies prepared in 1617 and 1629. These ha\ e some claim to be called Scottish. So has the ill-fated book of 1637, miscalled "Laud's" ; notwith- standing its introduction being forced illegally from England. Laud had the same passion for uniformity between the two SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE kingdoms as had his opponents, and he wanted to force the English book upon Scotland. Even if this had been done, no argument could have been used against it on the mere ground of precedent. The 1637 book owes its most distinctive features to Scottish learning, and whatever opinion may be held as to its teaching or the policy of the King's party, it is clear that, in the origin of its most noteworthy features, it was less English than any service book which had yet been used in Scotland, The infatuated policy of its introduction killed it, coupled with the violent puritanism of the south of Scotland and the resent- ment of the nobility who had had to refund the teinds to the Church, and Knox's book survived it for seven or eight years. With the "Directory" came other innovations from England, mostly borrowed from the "sectaries," and protested against by the leading Scottish Presbyterians. After the Restoration, not even the re-establishment of episcopacy availed to bring back a liturgy of any kind, except, perhaps, to a negligible extent in the north, and thenceforward there is no strictly liturgical literature in Scotland until tlie modern revival, except among the disestablished and penalised minority of the Episcopalians. If Scotland is a barren and uninteresting field to the litur- giologist down to the end of the seventeenth century, the extraordinary revival in the Episcopal Church in the eighteenth century does much to atone for it. That revival was the work of scholars of whose ability Scotland may be very justly proud, and who deserve recognition as such, even by those who would not subscribe to all their views. An endeavour has here been made to illustrate Scottish liturgical books with greater fulness than has hitherto been attempted, and with detail which has not been possible in the other sections of literature. — F. C. Eeles. CASE 15. LITURGICAL BOOKS. 1 Facsimiles of two pages of the Book of Deeb, the oldest known Scottish Book. The original is in Cambridge University Library. It contains the Gospel according to St. John, with portions of the other three Gospels; the Apostles Creed [shown here] ; the service for the Communion of the Sick (with Gaelic rubric), all probably written in the 9th century; besides grants of land by Celtic chiefs written in Gaelic at a later date. The book came from the Celtic monastery of Deer, in the Buchan district of Aberdeenshire, founded by St. Columba and St. Drostan. Lent by the Rev. Proeessoii Cooper. 2 The Gospel Book of Saint Margaret, being a facsimile repro- duction of St. Margaret's Copy of the Gospels, pre- served in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Edited by W. Forbes-Leith, S.J., F.S.A. Scot. Edinburgh, 1896. The original is a manuscript of the four Gospels, SOUTH GALLERY 1051 probably written in the north of England in the 11th century. Lent by the Rev. Professor Cooper. •3 Fragment consisting of two leaves of a " noted " portass or breviary with abridged lessons, containing parts of the services for the Common of Apostles and the Common of a Martyr, according to the use of Sarum. The text differs from that of the printed Sarum breviaries' book in the selection of the lessons and in the provision of alternative collects. 13th century ; probably written in England or under strong English influence. These leaves survived as part of the binding of one of the earlier books of the Incorporation of Skinners of Glasgow. There is every probability that they formed part of one of the service books of Glasgow Cathedral. It should hardly be necessary to point out that the music is the ancient ecclesiastical plainsong in the form traditional in the Sarum books, and is not of Scottish or even English composition. Lent by the Incorporation of Skinners of Glasgow. In Mid Gallery, Case 17, No. 8. 3a The Herdmanston Breviary. A " noted " Breviary, accord- ing to Sarum use, written probably in the north of England about 1300, subsequently used at Herdmanston, Haddingtonshire. Another very similar MS. is in the Advocates' Library. It also seems to have been written in the north of England, and was subsequently used in Scot- land, at Sprouston, Roxburghshire, among other places. Lent by the Faculty of Advocates. In Mid Gallery, Case 17, No. 5. 3b The Ramsay Psalter. 13th century MS., written for use near St. Omer, sub- sequently used by the Ramsays of Colluthie, near Leuchars. Lent by the Faculty of Advocates. In Mid Gallery, Case 16, No. 6. 3o The Roslyn Missal. 14th century Irish MS., written for Downpatrick Cathedral (?), believed to have been brought to Scotland in 1316. Has been edited by Dr. Lawlor for the Henry Bradshaw Society. Lent by the Faculty of Advocates. 4 Several leaves of a 14th century Manuscript Breviary, ac- cording to the use of York, found in a fishing book for holding fish hooks, used for many years by an old man at Carnwath in Lanarkshire. The fragment contains 105^ SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE the services of the last few days in the 5th and the first few days in the 6th week in Lent, including the Palm Sunday procession. There are interesting variations from the corresponding services as given in the printed York books. The diocese of Galloway was in the Province of York till 1472, but there is no evidence at present that York service books were ever used in Scotland. It should be remembered that the use of York was by no means universal in the north of England, or even in the actual diocese of York, the Sarum books being in frequent use. Books of Sarum use were often designated as secunduin usum Anglie, i.e. " according to the use of England." The actual fishing book from which these leaves were taken, with one of them still remaining, may be seen in Case 2 in this Gallery, No. 269. Lent by Ludovic M'L. Mann. 5 Leaf of vellum, containing part of the kalendar of a manu- script service book, found in the binding of a protocol book in the charter room of the burgh of Dundee. The leaf contains the kalendar for the first four months of the year, and on 28 April is the entry dedicacio ecclesie trinitatis mncte andree, which shows that the book was written for the Parish Church of St. Andrews, probably in the middle of the I5th century. Numerous Scottish saints' days are in the original hand, while one or two appear to have been added later. A fragment of a 13th century MS. of the Epistles of St. Paul is shown beside it. Lent by the Town Council of Dundee. 6 Photographs of a fragment of a manuscript Sarum missal of the middle of the loth century containing (a) portion of the Sanctorale from collect of St. Katharine (25 Nov.) to end of proper for St. Linus (27) Nov), and (b) portion of the common from the secret for one martyr to the end of the gospel for one marytr and bishop. The leaves are used as a cover for vol. iii. of the Register of Deeds, 1609 to 1613, in the Records of the Commissariot of Glasgow. Lent by C. Cleland Hervey. In Mid Gallery, Case 25, No. 97. 6a Two pages of a manuscript Saram missal, formerly used as binding for a volume of Glasgow burgh records. They contain the earlier part of the liturgy on Good Friday, including the lessons and grails, c. 1450. Lent by the Corporation or Glasgow. In Mid Gallery, Case 30, No. 224. 7 Fragment consisting of one leaf of a missal, according to the use of Sarum, containing part of the Temporale from the gospel of Saturday after the 2nd Sunday in Lent to SOUTH GALLERY 1053 the gospel of the 3rd Sunday in Lent, including the procession for that Sunday, c. 1450. Lent by the Incorporation of Bonnetmakers of Glasgow. 8 Fragment consisting of one leaf of a portass or breviary with abridged lessons, according to the use of Sarum, containing the services of the Temporale from Monday in the fourth week after Easter to the 5th Sunday after Easter. About the middle of the 15th century. Lent by the Incorporation of Masons of Glasgow. In Mid Gallery, Case 17, No. 10. 8a The Holyrood Ordinale. MS. containing kalendar, martyrology, gospels and homilies for reading in chapter, ordinale, etc., written for the Augustinian Canons of Holyrood about 1450, with later additions. For fuller description, see p. 462. Lent by W. Moir Bryce. In Mid Gallery, Case 17, No. 17. 8b The Culross Psalter. MS. containing psalter, with litany and service for the dead, written and illuminated at the Cistercian Abbey of Culross. c. 1468. Lent by the Faculty of Advocates. 9 Part of a leaf from near the end of a manuscript grail, according to Sarum use, containing the sung parts of the votive mass [In] Compassione sancte marie, probably of the end of the 15th century. The fragment forms part of the cover of the earliest minute book of the Incorporation of Hammermen of Stirling. Lent by the Incorporation of Hammermen of Stirling. 10 Fragment consisting of 13 leaves and several portions of leaves from the Sanctorale of the edition of the folio Sarum missal, probably printed at Venice by Hertzog in 1494. Lent by the Town Council of Dundee. 11 Missale ad vsum insignis ecclesie Sarum : nuper accuratis- sime castigatum : perpulcrisque caracteribus impres- sum : officia omnium sanctorum totaliter ad longum (quod celebrantibus maxime erit vtilitati) continens cum pluribus officiis nouis in fine additis. [On printer's device.] Imprime a Roven devant Sainct Lo] Magister Martinus Morin. [Colophon] . . . mcccccvi. Formerly used in the Parish Church of St. Nicholas, Aberdeen, as appears from the entry of the dedication of that church by William Elphinstone, bishop of Aber- deen, in 1498, on 24 September. The kalendar has been 1054 SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE copiously added to and corrected in manuscript so as to include the local saints' days observed in the north of Scotland. A mass for the Common of a matron, . sequences for use on Sundays during the summer (i.e. after Trinity) and for St. Ninian, the latter the same as in the Arbuthnot missal, have also been added in manu- script. The manuscript additions, which are of great interest, have been printed and described in vol. xxx. of the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Lent by Blairs College. In Mid Gallery, Case 14, No. 19. 12 The Aberdeen Breviary. 1509-1510. Breuiarij Aberdonensis ad percelebris ecclesie Scoto- rum potissimum vsum et consuetudinem pars hyemalis [vol. ii. estiualis] : de tempore et de Sanctis ac dauitico psalterio congruenter per ferias diuiso : cum inuitatorijs hymnis antiphonis capitulis responsorijs horis feriarum commemoracionibus per anni curriculum necnon com- mune sanctorum plurimarumque virginum et matron- arum ac diuersorum sanctorum legendis : que sparsim in incerto antea vagabantur : cum kalendario et mobilium festorum tabula perpetua varijsque alijs adiunctis et de nouo additis sacerdotibus plurimumque necessarijs in Edinburgensi oppido Walteri Chepman mercatoris impensis impressa pridie nonas lunii. Anno salutis nostre et gracie. ix. [vol. ii. x] M. supra et quin- gentesimum. The kalendar in one volume (it is absent in the other) of this copy has been adapted for use in some other part of Scotland, presumably the south, as several of the northern saints have been crossed out and others added in manuscript. The Glamis copy of the breviary ex- hibits similar adaptation, and it is clear from this that the Aberdeen kalendar was treated in other parts of Scotland exactly as the Sarum kalendar was treated all over Scotland. Thus it would seem that there was some reluctance in the south to accept the use of Aberdeen as the use of the Church of Scotland, in the way Bishop Elphinstone and the Privy Council intended. The Aberdeen Breviary is remarkable as the first attempt to provide anything of the nature of a really Scottish service book. Hitherto the English books of Sarum use had been accepted with only the most clumsy and irregular adaptation. While not departing from the Sarum type of service. Bishop Elpinstone adapted it for Scottish use in an orderly and systematic way, at the same time making certain slight reforms. He removed or reduced the festivals of many purely English or other- wise unimportant saints so as to make room for those of Scottish tradition, whose legends he carefully collected and arranged. Here and there he simplified and altered the breviary where the local saints were not concerned. SOUTH GALLERY 1055 It seems to have been intended to treat the other service books in the same way, and to provide a series of books of "our own Scottish Use," modelled, with necessary adaptation, upon the current English forms which had been traditional in Scotland for centuries. Lent by the Faculty of Advocates. 13 Missale ad vsum insignis ac preclare ecclesie Sarum. vna cum dicte ecclesie institutis / consuetudinibusque nuper elimatissime impressum . . . consummatum in alma Parisiorum academia. . . . [Paris, Francis Regnault.] 1523. In the kalendar are obits of the family of Abernethy of Rothiemay and Saltoun. The name of St. Drostan, "Durstani," has been added to the kalendar at 14 December ; he was patron of Rothiemay, and the missal was perhaps used in the church there. Lent by the University of St. Andrews. 14 Missale ad vsum insignis ac preclare ecclesie Sarum. vna cum dicte ecclesie institutis / consuetudinibusque nuper elimatissime impressum . . . consummatum in alma Parisiorum academia. . . . [Paris, Francis Regnault.] 1526. Scottish saints added in the kalendar in manuscript. A note in the handwriting of Fr. Innes, author of the Critical Essay, says that this missal formerly belonged to James Gordon, chancellor of the cathedral of Moray and rector of Inveravon. Innes speaks of having seen a manuscript breviary of Sarum use, which was formerly used in St. Andrews, and seven or eight printed Sarum missals, one belonging to Doles [Dallas] with the local saints added in manuscript. Lent by Blairs College. On Screen above. 15 Facsimiles of portions of the Epistolary of Aberdeen Cathedral, the colophon of which runs, Reuerendus In christo pater ac dominus. do[minus] Gauinus dunbar episcopus Aberdonensis me fieri fecit Antwerpie. Anno domini 1527." Besides the liturgical epistles the book contains the kalendar, an inventory, and a list of the bishops of Aberdeen. The facsimiles show (1) the colophon, (2) initial letters, one with the arms of Gavin Dunbar, (3) the beginning of the list of bishops. Lent by F. C. Eeles. On Screen above. 15a Facsimiles of portions of other Aberdeen books, viz. Statuta generalia ecclesie Scoticanae, 13th century. Inventories of 1548 and 1549. Anniversaria [an obit book]. Several initial letters. The beginning of cer- 1056 SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE tain rules for the choir, describing the arrangement and allocation of stalls : this follows the model of Salisbury, which was the most popular arrangement in England and seems also to have been adopted in the other secular Cathedrals of Scotland, including Glasgow. It is as follows : De ordinacione chori Ecclesie Cathedralis Abbirdonen- sis. ... In superiori gradu principalium personarum stalla chori sunt terminalia scilicet in introitu chori ex parte occidentali a dextris est stallum decani A sinistris Cantoris Ex parte orientali a dextra parte chori est stallum Cancellarij. ex opposito thesaurarij A dextris decani Archidiaconus deinde Episcopus a dextris eiusdem A dextris Cantoris bal[helvy . . . then follow the other prebendal stalls in order]. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 16 Twelve leaves of a copy of the Sarum grail, Graduate Sarishuriense, printed at Paris by F. Regnault, 1532, found in the binding of a protocol book in the charter room of the burgh of Dundee. The grail contained the anthems with their music sung at the mass or communion service during the year. Lent by the Town Council of Dundee. m MIV GALLEBY, CASE 18, NO. 11. The Scone Choir Book. 16a The earliest book of church music of Scottish composition. It contains music for the ordinary of the mass (i.e., for Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus and Agnus) written by Robert Carver or Arnot, Canon of Scone, between 1513 and 1546. The music is of the elaborate polyphonic type, known as " pricksong," written for several voices singing in parts, which was then becoming very fashionable, and was beginning to take the place of the old ecclesiastical plainsong. There is a similar book, said to have been used at Dunkeld Cathedral, in the University Library, Edinburgh. Lent by the Faculty of Advocates. 17 Ordinatio Ecclesise, seu Ministerii Ecclesiastici, in Floren- tissimo Regno xVnglise, conscripta sermone patrio, et in Latinam linguam bona fide conversa, et ad consolationem Ecclesiarum Christi, ubicumque locorum ac gentium, his tristissimis temporibus, Edita ab Alexandro Alesio Sexto Sacrse Theologise Doctore. Lipsise In officina Wolfgangi Gunteri 1551. This is the Latin edition of King Edward VI. 's first Prayer Book, translated for Martin Bucer by Ales, a Scotch divine. This copy, which is in very good condition, belonged to W. Maskell, who has marked it as ''excessively rare." Lent by Lord Aldenham. SOUTH GALLERY 1057 18 The Catechisme, That is to say, ane commone and catholik instructioun of the christian people in materis of our catholik faith and religioun, quhilk na gud christin man or woman suld misknaw : set f urth be ye maist reuerend father in God Johne Archbischop of sanct Androus Legatnait and primat of ye kirk of Scotland, in his prouincial counsale haldin at Edinburgh the xxvi. day of Januarie, the zeir of our Lord 1551. with the aduise and counsale of the bischoippis and vthir prelatis with doctours of Theologie and Canon law of the said realme of Scotland present for the tyme. [The colophon runs] : Prentit at sanct Androus, be the command and expensis of the maist reuerend father in God, Johne Archbischop of sanct Androus, and primat of ye hail kirk of Scotland, the xxix. day of August, the zeir of our Lord m.d. lii. This famous publication, known as Archbishop Hamil- ton's catechism, printed by John Scot, seems to have been the work, not of the Archbishop himself, but of one or more theologians. It shows great moderation and judgment, and if it had been issued earlier might have done much to check the violence of the reformation movement in Scotland. Ticnt by the Faculty of Aberdeen. LITURGICAL BOOKS. CASE 15a. close TO SOUTH WALL. Liturgical Manuscripts* used in Scotland. 1 The Perth Psalter. Manuscript of the end of the 14th century, containing kalendar, psalter, canticles and litany, written for some one closely connected with the parish church of St. John the Baptist, Perth, as appears from the entry in the kalendar on 3rd September. Dedicacio ecclesie de Perth. The kalendar is of great interest and contains numerous commemorations of Scottish saints. There are also Scottish saints in the Litany. Lent by J. Ferguson. 2 Prayer Book, said to have been used by Mary Queen of Scots. Manuscript psalter and hours, etc., according to the use of Sarum, written by a French hand about the middle of the 15tn century, for Margaret Beauchamp, 2nd wife of John Talbot, the great Earl of Shrewsbury. On the leaf opposite the beginning of the psalter is painted a scene in which Talbot and his wife are repre- * No. 10 is a printed book. 2l 1058 SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE sented kneeling. Below are two shields bearing the arms of Beaton quartering Balfour painted over the defaced arms of Talbot and Beauchamp. The MS. probably came to the Beatons in the Kith century. The Initials ib over the crowned m on the blue medallion at the foot of the same page are no doubt those of John Beaton (Betliune) of Balfour, grandfather of the Cardinal. Lent by Blairs College. 3"! The Arbuthnot Service Books. These three fine 15th 4 V century service books are in an almost perfect state of 5 J i^'^^servation, owing to their having been handed down as heirlooms in the Arbuthnot family. They were all written, illuminated, and bound about 1475-1480, and by Scottish hands. The psalter was finished 4th March, 1482, the Horae between 1471 and 1484, and the missal about the same time. They all follow closely the English use of Sarum. There are numerous names of Scottish saints in the kalendars and litanies, and one or two of the more important have services in the missal, but as in all the books that have survived which were used in mediaeval Scotland, with the exception of the Aberdeen Breviary, there has been no attempt to make the sanctorale correspond with the kalendar ; the kalendar being treated like a martyrology, with numerous saints commemorated for whose days no service is provided. The entries in the kalendars of certain books of hours which have a saint's name every day may be compared with this, and also the "black letter" days in the Book of Common Prayer. The Arbuthnot missal differs slightly from the printed Sarum books, but not to a much greater extent than some English manuscripts of Sarum use. It contains a vernacular Greater Excommunication ; cf . that in the Rathen Manual. 3 The Arbuthnot Missal. This volume, which belonged to the noble family of Arbuthnot, is a folio of 246 leaves of vellum in the original binding. The illuminations are confined to initials and borders, with one exception, a figure of St. Ternan in the vestments of an archbishop, taking the place of the usual crucifixion scene opposite Te igitur, etc., which latterlj^ came to be looked on as the beginning of the canon missae. Robert Arbuthnott of that Ilk, at whose cost the missal was written, died 3rd November, 1506. The death of the writer is recorded by a later hand on 22nd August in the kalendar : Nota obitum Domini Jacobi Sibbald quondam vicarii de Arbuthnot scribe publici satis correcti testantibus Missalibus huius ecclesie Sancti Terrenani. xj kalendas Septembris anno domini mmo yc viji"o. Oremus omnes vna pro eo, etc. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library and Museum. SOUTH GALLERY 1059 The Arbuthnot Book of Hours. This book, wliich was used in the chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Parish Church of St. Ternan, Arbuthnot, in the diocese of St. Andrews, also belonged to the Arbuthnot family. It is a small folio of 80 leaves of vellum in the original bind- ing, covered with the ancient linen slip or chemisette. The original veils of silk or crape still remain to protect the illuminated pages. These are (1) St. Ternan, with the inscription, " Ymago Sancti Ternani archiepiscopi cum cruce in manu " : (2) The Salutation, with the inscription, " Salutacio Beate Virginis " : (3) The Virgin and Child, without any inscription : (4) Death and Resurrection, also without inscription : (5) The Passion, inscribed " Ymago Crucifixi " : (6) The "Mass of St. Gregory" without inscription. These illuminations are rudely drawn, obviously by a different hand from that which illuminated the missal. There is no resemblance between the St. Ternan of this MS. and the St. Ternan of the other. The volume appears to have been written by James Sibbald, who wrote the missal and psalter. Its date is ascertained to be between 1471 and 1484, by a rubric towards the end. The illumination of the Mass of St. Gregory, at which the book is here placed open, is of special interest. It is the only known picture of a mediaeval altar which was undoubtedly painted by a Scottish hand. The picture known as the Darnley Cenotaph is much later in date and somewhat obscure in meaning, and the altar shown in the Aberdeen Prayer Book at Duns Castle is the work of a Flemish hand. It must be borne in mind that the scene here represented is not merely a service in a mediaeval church ; it is the story of the vision, which St. Gregory is supposed to have seen when saying mass, of our Lord appearing as in his sufferings, rising from the tomb, but surrounded by all the instruments of the Passion. The vision above the altar therefore obliterates all traces of reredos, curtains, etc. The church represented seems intended to be apsidal with whitened wall (here conventionally shown as grey), a fl >or paved with tiles in two colours, a large altar vested in a green frontal, not embroidered, but made of some rich textile material with a large bold pattern : no frontlet is shown. There are no candlesticks, but, as was often the case in a small church, the rule requiring a light is satisfied by a large torch held by the clerk, who stands in a blue cassock and full surplice at the south end of the altar. Upon the altar are the chalice and paten, and what may be intended for the instrumentum pads or 'paxbrede' which was used for giving the ceremonial kiss of peace. A cardinal is holding St. Gregory's tiara, and the saint himself kneels before the altar in albe and amice with blue apparels, and a blue chasuble with a ^ shaped gold orplirey. The details shown here may be compared with the mediaeval pictures of altars and vestments on the screen above Cases 16 and 17. SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE The blank leaves at the end contain obits of the Arbuthnot family in sixteenth and seventeenth century hands. Lent by the Committee of the Paisley Free Library AND Museum. 5 The Arbuthnot Psalter. This volume, which also was the property of the Arbuthnot family, is an octavo of 142 leaves of vellum, in the original binding. The illumin- ations are confined to a few borders and initials. A colophon on the last leaf informs us that it was written by the same ecclesiastic who afterwards wrote the missal " Hunc librum fecit scribi et finiri quarto die Marcij anno domini millesimo quadringentesimo octu- agesimo secundo Indictione prima per manum Jacobi sybbalde capellani Honorabilis vir Robertus arbuthnot de eodem filius quondam Bone memorie ac deo Deuoti Dauid arbuthnot de eodem. quorum animabus propi- tietur ihesus christus Amen." The death of the father of the donor of the Psalter, and founder of the Chapel, is recorded in the Kalendar on 8th October, St. Triduan's day: " Obitus beate memorie david arbuthnot quondam domini de eodem : qui obiit viij° die mensis instantis Anno domini m° ccco. Ixxo. Orate pro eo." A more recent hand has noted in the Kalendar for September two disastrous days for Scotland. On 7th, " The feild of Pynkecleich ves strovkin anno 1547 " : and on 9th, ' ' Obiit Jacobus quartus rex scotorum apud bellum de floudane 9 septembris anno domini 1513 Orate pro eo." On the last page there occurs the following inscription in Latin : " May this book remain here until an ant shall drink all the waters of the ocean, and a tortoise shall perambulate the globe. Robert de Arbuthnot." Lent by Committee of the Paisley Free Library AND Museum. 6 The Rathen Manual. A considerable portion of a manu- script of the Sarum Manual. Probably written towards the end of the 15th century, and used in Scotland, as appears from the addition at the end of a form for the Greater Excommunication in broad Scots. The MS. is imperfect at the beginning and in the middle ; it appears to have been copied from an English MS. without alteration as there are no Scottish saints' names in the kalendar. It was found among the books of the late Dr. Cock, minister of Rathen in Aberdeenshire in the condition in which it is here shown, all the sheets being loose. They are here spread out so as to show various parts of the book, including the vernacular espousals in the marriage service, and the Greater Excommunication in broad Scots. The Manual contained the occasional services, viz., the forms for baptism, marriage, visitation and anoint- SOUTH GALLERY 1061 ing of the sick, burial of the dead, a few of the more important services from the processional, e.g. blessing and procession of candles on Candlemas Day, and of flowers and leaves on Palm Sunday. The corresponding book according to Roman Use at the present day is called the Ritual. Lent by the Rev. Duncan Macgrbgob. 7 Fragment of a Cistercian Ordinale. Two leaves of a Cistercian Ordinale of the end of the 15th century which was used as a cover for a late 16th century rental of the Abbey of Deer, Aberdeenshire. Tlie ordinale appears to have been the same as that used by Cistercians elsewhere at the period. Lent by Patrick Keith Murray. 8 Horae virginis Marie secundum usum Anglie. A manu- script containing kalendar, the " j&fteen O's " anthems and collects of saints, hours of B.V.M., numerous miscellaneous prayers including those of the Five Wounds, the Seven Penitential Psalms, Litany, Service of the Dead, psalms of the passion, little psalter of St. Jerome, etc. Written in Flanders for English use, perhaps for the north of England, in the first part of the 16th century. Has the name of St. Thomas of Canterbury, his collect, and the word " pope " scored out in accordance with the order of Henry VIII. of England. This proves that the book was in England at that time. That it subsequently found its way to Scotland is shown by the obit of an lona nun entered in the kalendar thus : Icolumkyl 9ber 16 1492 sister Sara Kyrcham The obit of " Jhone Edmonstone of yat ilk," 22 Nov. 1564, is also entered. Subsequently the book passed into the hands of Robert Kirke, Balquhidder, 1676, and Sir Hugh Patersone of Bannockburn, Bart., whose bookplate it bears, d. 1709. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mart's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 9 Book of hours according to Sarum Use, containing the four short selected portions of each of the gospels often found in similar books, the Passion according to St. John, the seven penitential psalms, litany and service of the dead, written and illuminated by Italian hands in renaissance style, in 1544, the date being below the heading of the Passion according to St. John. Said to have been used by Mary Queen of Scots and left by her at Terregles, in Kirkcudbrightshire, near Dumfries. Lent by the Duchess of Norfolk. 1062 SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE 10 A small printed Portass, or Breviary with abridged lessons, according to Sarum Use, printed at Rouen by Francis Regnault in 1525. The title page is wanting. The book has been adapted for Scottish use, probably at Aberdeen, by the addition in manuscript of the names of numerous local saints in the kalendar. On fo. Ixiii. v. is written : Liber pertinet domino Welilmo Blayr capelano. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Chuech. 11 Manuscript Obit Book of the 16th century, formerly belonging to the parish church of St. John the Baptist, Ayr. Like other similar records it contains under their respective dates the names of deceased benefactors with particulars of their benefactions and the conditions as to anniversary and other memorial services which were attached in each case. Lent by the Town Council op Aye. CASE 16. SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE AFTER THE REFORMATION. 19 The Boke of common praier and administracion of the Sacra- nientes and other rites and Ceremonies in the Churche of Englande. London, Grafton, 1552. Title copied in pen and ink; five leaves wanting, of which four are supplied in manuscript. The very rare leaf of " Faultes Escaped " and Prices is bound up before the kalendar. This copy has the autographs of John Gibbs and John Matthew of Bishop's Stortford. c. 1578. Edward's name altered to Mary's in the Litany. The first service book used by the Scottish Reformers. They used it from 1557 until Knox returned from the Continent, bringing with him the Book of Geneva, a service book prepared by English exiles at Frankfurt in 1554, first printed in Geneva in 1556 and was first printed in Scotland in 1562. (See No. 20.) Lent by the Hon. the Aechdeacon of St. Albans. 20 The Forme of prayers and ministration of the Sacraments &c, vsed in the English Churche at Geneua, and approved by the famous and godlie learned man, John Calvin, whereunto are also added the praiers which they vse there in the Frenche Church : With the confession of faith whiche all they make that are received into the vniuersitie of Geneua. Imprinted at Edinburgh, by Robert Lekprewik. Cum priuilegio. 1562. The second service book used by the Scottish Re- formers, namely, the Anglo-Genevan book prepared at Frankfurt by English exiles. In 1564 and subsequently, it was combined with the metrical psalter, and little by SOUTH GALLERY 1063 little additions were made to it. Its contents were treated very freely, and seem often to have been ex- tended or supplemented extempore. From the liturgical point of view, it was in most respects an abrupt depar- ture from all previous Christian tradition. Yet it cannot be said to exhibit much originality of thought, and its literary merit is very small. It was known as "the Psalm Book" or "the Book of Common Order," and latterly as Knox's Liturgy. Its use lasted in Scot- land through all the changes of the 16th century, and all through the " First Episcopacy," until superseded by the Westminster Directory in 1645. There is evidence that there were daily services in some of the more populous places during the period of its use, and it was used in St. Giles', Edinburgh, on the morning of the day when the introduction of the ill-fated Scottish Prayer Book of 1637 was made the occasion of the famous riot. In 1641 an edition was published in London, apparently with a view to commending its use among certain of the English Puritans. See No. 31. The metrical psalms, first printed in Scotland in 1564, are chiefly the English versions of Sternhold and Hop- kins, as used by the English in Frankfurt and Geneva. But whereas the metrical psalters subsequently printed in England were almost entirely composed of versions by Sternhold and Hopkins, about a third of the versions which go to make up the metrical psalters printed in Scotland were composed by the Scottish exile, William Kethe. It is therefore misleading to refer to the Scottish metrical psalters as " Sternhold and Hopkins " for this reason, even though the great bulk of their contents are due to these writers. Lent by the Faculty of Advocates. 21 The Psalmes of David in metre, with diuers Notes, and Tones augmented to them. Imprinted at Edinbvrgh be lohne Ros. 1575. The above is the title of the psalms ; the title page of the book itself is wanting. No other copy of this edition seems to be known. With it is bound Calvin's Catechism (title page wanting). Lent by the Trustees of the late Rev. G. W. Sprott. 22 The Psalmes of David in meeter, with the Prose. Where- vnto is added prayers commonly vsed in the kirke, and private houses : with a perpetuall kalendar and all the changes of the moone that shall happen for the space of xix yeeres to come. Duelie calculated to the meridian of Edinbvrgh. Edinburgh, Andro Hart. 1611. Has Bishop Jolly's autograph. The title page to the psalms reads : The CL. Psalms of David in meeter, with diuers Notes and Tunes aug- mented to them. Also with the prose on the margen. At Edinburgh, Printed by Andro Hart, and are to be sold at his owne shoppe, a little beneath the Crosse. Anno 1611. 1064 SCOTTISH 1.ITURGICAL LITERATURE Bound with the above : The Catechisme or maner to teach Children the Christian Religion. Wherein the Minister demandeth the ques- tione, and the childe maketh answere : made by the excellent Doctor and Pastour in Christs Church, lohn Calvin. Edinburgh, Andro Hart, 1611. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 23 [The psalmes of David in meeter, with the Prose. Where- vnto is added prayers commonly vsed in the kirke. . . .] [Title page wanting : the book is open at the title page to the psalter, which runs : ] The CL. psalmes of David in prose and meeter : with their whole vsuall notes and tunes. Newly corrected and amended. Edinburgh, Hart, 1621. Lent by the Archdeacon of St. Albans. 24 The Psalms of David, in prose and metre : with the whole Forme of Discipline, and Prayers, according to the Church of Scotland. iJie Psalms in prose being of the last translation ; translated by the speciall commande- ment of King James the sixt, 1610. Aberdene, printed by Edward Raban, 1633. For David Melvill. Title page to the Psalms : The Psalmes of David, in prose and metre ; according to the Church of Scotland. The psalms in prose, on the margine, according to the new translation, 1610. In Aberdene, imprinted by Edward Raban, for David Mel- vill, 1633. With priviledge. All after ps. 134 wanting. Lent by the Rev. John Tainsh. 25 The Psalmes of David in prose and meeter. With their whole tunes in foure or mo parts, and some psalmes in reports. Whereunto is added many godly Prayers, and an exact kalendar for xxv. yeeres to come. Edinburgh, Heirs of Andrew Hart, 1625. No separate title page to the psalms. At end : A Forme of i^rayers to be used in private houses everie morning and evening. This is usually printed with Calvin's Catechism. The first edition which has the tunes throughout the psalms as well as the "Common Tunes" in four parts. The " Common Tunes," of which there are 31 here, are printed with the " Church part" or " Tenor," and the " Contra," on the left-hand page, reading the same way as the text, the " Trebble " and " Bassus " of the corresponding tunes being printed upside down in the right-hand page, so that they might be sung by singers standing or possibly sitting on opposite sides of a narrow desk or table. Most of the tunes in these psalters are of Continental SOUTH GALLERY 1065 origin, and date from the 16th century j a few, like Martyrs and Newtoun (otherwise New London), seem to be Scottish. The foreign tunes are frequently mutilated in form or rhythm to suit the words or metre. Lent by William Cowan. 26 The forme and manor of ordaining ministers. And conse- crating of Arch-Bishops and Bishops, used in the Church of Scotland. Edinburgh, Printed by Thomas Finlason, his Majesties Printer, 1620. With licence. That a ministerial succession by Presbyterian ordina- tion had been kept up in Scotland during the period 1560-1610 is evident from the acceptance of these ordina- tions as valid, though irregular, by the theologians on the Episcopalian side, such as Patrick Forbes, afterwards bishop of Aberdeen, and Dr. John Forbes of Corse, in the earlier part of the 17th century. Records of the earlier reformation period are very meagre, but it would seem that the independent teaching and suggested discontinu- ance of imposition of hands, contained in the First Book of Discipline, was a transient suggestion. At the same time there is evidence that there was lack of uniformity in the ordination rite. In 1611, instructions were sent by King James " that a uniform order be kept [in ordi- nation], and a form printed and followed by every bishop,' ' but nothing seems to have been done till this form was printed in 1620. The preface says : " In the Church of Christ it hath alwayes been holden unlawfull for any man, by his owne privat authoritie, to preach the Word of God, to administer the holy sacra- ments, or execute any part of the Spirituall office of a Pastor, except he were first called, tryed, examined, and being found qualified for the function, by publick prayer, with imposition of hands, orderlie admitted unto the same : Accordinglie hath our Church in diverse Assemblies, and speciallie in the Assemblie which was keept at Edinburgh, the fyft day of March 1570, ap- pointed diligent examination ... of pastours, before their entrie. And their admittance to bee by a publick and solemne forme of ordination. Wherefore, to the intent this good and commendable order may be keept hereafter in the Church, it hath beene thoght meet to praescryve a spociall forme of ordaining ministers and consecrating of archbishops and bishops. ..." The 1570 form here referred to is lost. This 1620 form is partly based on the form in the Book of Common Order, partly upon the English ordination services. There is no form for the diaconate. The form is of excessive rarity : only two copies seem to be known. Lent by the Buenet Trustees, Saltoun. 27 Scottish Liturgies of the reign of James VI., edited, with an introduction and notes, by the Rev. G. W. Sprott. Edinburgh, 1871. 1066 SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE Contains printed copies of the two following manu- scripts : A form of Service to be used in all the parish churches of Scotland upon the Sabbath Day by the Readers where there are any established, and where there are no Readers by the Ministers themselves before they go to sermon [1617]. (Adv. Lib. Edin., Wodrow MSS., vol. 20, 4to.) As early as 1601, it was proposed in the Assembly that the prayers in the Psalm Book be revised. The Assembly of 1616 appointed a committee of four, the leading member of which seems to have been John xiewat, to draw up forms of morning and evening service to super- sede those in the Psalm Book. Tlie above is a MS. of this. On 17th May, 1617, the English Prayer Book was used in the Chapel Royal at Holyrood when the King came north. In 1618, the Perth Assembly (of Five Articles fame) appointed a commission to revise the former work, and in 1619, Gilbert Dick, an Edinburgh bookseller, was licensed to print the new Prayer Book. Nothing came of it till 1629, when the 1619 draft was taken to London. Laud seems to have used his influence to prevent its acceptance by the King, as he wished to introduce the English Prayer Book. This 1619 draft is here printed under the title of The Book of Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments with other rites and ceremonies of the Church of Scotland as it was sett downe at first before the change thereof made by ye Archb. of Canterburie and sent back to Scotland. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 28 The Book of Common Prayer, and administration of the Sacraments : and other rites and ceremonies of the Church of England : with the psalter or psalms of David. Edinburgh, Printed by the Printers to the King's most excellent Majestie [Young]. Cum privilegio : Anno Dom. 1634. [There was another edition in 1633.] These prayer books were issued about the time that Archbishop Laud was trying to get the English Prayer Book introduced into Scotland. There is ho evidence that they were actually intended for Scottish use, unless perhaps in the Chapel Royal at Holyrood. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 29 Canons and Constitutions Ecclesiasticall gathered and put in forme, for the Governament of Church of Scotland. Ratified and approved by his majesties royall war- rand, and ordained to be observed by the Clergie, and all others whom thev concerne. Published by authoritie. [Arms of the City of Aberdeen.] Aberdene, imprinted by Edward Raban, dwelling vpon the Market-Place, at the Armes of the Citie, 1636. With Royall Priviledge. Lent by F. C. Eeles. SOUTH GALLERY 1067 30 The Book of Common Prayer, and Administration of the Sacraments, and other parts of Divine Service, for the use of the Church of Scotland. Edinburgh, Robert Young, 1637. The psahns of King David translated by King James. London, Thos. Harper, 1636. The famous Scottish Prayer Book of 1637, inaccurately nick-named "Laud's Liturgy.'' Dr. Laud did all he could to get King Charles to introduce the English Prayer Book into Scotland. But while there was a party in Scotland which was anxious for a more strictly liturgical service than that in the old Psalm Book, there seems to have been no one who was willing to submit to the English book. This was "passionately and vehe- mently urged by the bishops," and the 1637 Prayer Book was drafted in Scotland largely under the influence of Dr. John Maxwell, Bishop of Ross, and Dr. James Wedderburn, Bishop of Dunblane, who compiled a book which was more adapted to Scottish sentiment than the English, and which was in certain ways nearer to primi- tive and Eastern forms. Maxwell and AVedderburn undoubtedly had more liturgical knowledge than most of their contemporaries, and the book is more representa- tive of Scottish learning in its composition than any service book which had hitherto appeared in Scotland, if we except the 1619 draft, which, however, can scarcely claim to be in such strict liturgical form. The introduction of the book into Scotland was made the occasion of the well-known riot in St. Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, and it formed the climax of a series of arbitrary acts of more than questionable legality which were associated with English interference in Scottish affairs. There was not only the extreme puritanism of the south of Scotland, which had been very much ignored, but also the hostility of the nobles, who had been forced by Charles I. to give back the teinds to the Church, from whom they had been taken at the Reforma- tion. It is probable that the actual nature of the con- tents of the book was not widely known. The book is here shown open at the collect for the 7th Sunday after Trinity, at which the legend says that Jenny Geddes threw the stool at the head of the Dean of Edinburgh. A copv, open at the title page, is in the Mid Gallery, Case lO; No. 35. Lent by Dr. Kirk. 31 The service discipline and forme, of the common prayers and administration of the sacraments, used in the English church of Geneva. As it was approved by that most reverend Divine, M. John Calvin, And the Church of Scotland. Huntly presented to the most High Court of Parliament, this present yeare, 1641 : London, for Wm. Cooke, 1641. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 1068 SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE 32 The Psalmes of David in meeter and prose : with the prose in the margin of the last translation of the English Bible : also an exact Kalender, the Confession of Faith, the Order of Baptisme, the Lord's Supper, and Marriage. Edinburgh, Evan Tyler, 1644. The last edition of "Knox's Liturgy." Lent by William Cowan. 33 A Directory for the Publique Worship of God, throughout the Three Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Together with an Ordinance of Parliament for the taking away of the Book of Common-Prayer : and for establishing and observing of this present Directory throughout the Kingdom of England, and Dominion of Wales. Die Jovis, 13. Martii, 1644. Ordered by the Lords and Commons assembled in Parliament, That this Ordi- nance and Directory bee forthwith Printed and Pub- lished : Joh : Brown, Cleric. Parliamentorum H : Elsynge, Cler. Pari. D. Com. London, 1645. This is the famous puritan Directory which penalised the Prayer Book in England and was immediately adopted by the General Assembly in Scotland. It was chiefly produced by English Presbyterians, and its adop- tion in Scotland for the sake of uniformity with England led to the disuse of the old Book of Common Order, which had practically been in sole use in Scotland since the Reformation. The Directory is still accepted as a standard by all Scottish Presbyterians, and it was owing to its influence that extempore prayer took the place of the meagre liturgical services of the old Psalm Book. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 34 The Form and order of the coronation of Charles the Second ; King of Scotland, England, France, and Ireland : As it was acted and done at Scoone, the first day of lanuarie, 1651. Aberdeen, James Brown, 1651. There were four editions this year, three quarto and one octavo. Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock. Service Books used by Episcopalians in Scotland from the disestablishment of Episcopacy at the Revolution to about a hundred years ago. After the Restoration no liturgical services v/ere used in Scotland until comparatively modern times, except only among the Episcopalians, whose liturgical work was not only considerable in itself, but of great and far-reaching import- ance, far beyond the confines of the small community which produced it. Although Episcopacy was established from 1661 to 1690, the services were indistinguishable from those of the Presby- terian type which had developed after the introduction of SOUTH GALLERY 1069 the Westminster Directory : almost the only differences were that the Episcopalians used the Lord's Prayer and the Glory be to the Father, etc., at the end of the psalms, usages which the Presbyterians regarded as tainted with formalism. After the Revolution there was a gradual revival of liturgical services among Scottish Episcopalians. Their Jacobitism brought them into close touch with the English Nonjurors, among whom were the best liturgical scholars of the day, and it was not long before there was a liturgical revival in the- north of Scotland, where such traditions had always been stronger than in the south. In Queen Anne's time there were attempts made to intro- duce the English Prayer Book, and it was actually used in some parish churches in the north of Scotland, e.g. Banchory Devenick. Queen Anne and the University of Oxford sent presents of a number of them. That dated 1712 (No. 36) is believed to be one of these. The national sentiment proved too strong, and the book of 1637 was reprinted by the Earl of Winton in 1712. For a long time, however, the Presbyterian type of service held its ground, and an Aberdeenshire clergyman, Alexander Lunan, at one time minister of Daviot, attempted to make it more liturgical by printing a Communion service upon this model in 1711. In course of time the 1637 Communion service came into use in the North, and in 1722 it was reprinted in a small and convenient form ; more editions followed in 1724, 1734, 1735, 1743, etc. ; and became known as the " Wee bookies." Little by little improvements were made in the order of the various prayers in accordance with early liturgical precedents. Copies of the 1637 Prayer Book were altered in manuscript in accordance with the newer views. The Scottish Clergy were largely influenced by the liturgical researches and the service books of the English nonjurors, but after 1744 the learning of Thomas Rattray, Bishop of Dunkeld and Laird of Craighall, bore fruit in attempts to introduce a new Communion Service closely modelled upon the primitive liturgy of St. James. Rattray's liturgy and two manuscript liturgies modelled upon it are shown here, as well as a copy of the 1637 liturgy altered in manuscript by Rattray himself, or by one who agreed with him. Although these Communion Services of the Rattray type, abridged from the early liturgy known as that of St. James, were too long or too unfamiliar to be widely used, the study of primitive and Eastern services had a permanent effect, in that it led to the alteration of the order of parts in the consecration prayer, which was made in the Scottish Com- munion office in the editions of 1755 and 1764, by which the revisers endeavoured to bring the 1637 rite with its more recent modifications into closer conformity with primitive types. The 1637 rite was considered to be less Roman than the English : the Scottish rite of 1764, and subsequent editions, were considered to be less Roman than that of 1637. The 1764 type has been maintained with but little and transient variation down to the present day. — F. C. E, 1070 SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE 35 The Office of the Holy Communion. By A[lexander]. L[unan]. The first part. Edinburgh. Printed in the Year 1711. also, Part Second. Edinburgh, Printed in the Year 1711. Almost unique. Only one other copy known. Alexander Lunan was minister of the episcopal congre- gation which left the parish church of Daviot, Aberdeen- shire, after the Revolution. This book represents an early attempt to frame a liturgy on the model of the Presbyterian type of service, without any adaptation of the English Prayer Book or the Scottish Book of 1637. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 36 The Book of Common Prayer, and administration of the Sacraments, and other rites and ceremonies of the Church, according to the use of the Church of England : together with the psalter or psalms of David, printed as they are to be sung or said in Churches. Oxford : printed by the University Printers, 1712. On title page : Lady Forbes her book 1752." This is believed to be one of the Prayer Books presented to the Scottish Episcopalians by Queen Anne or the University of Oxford, just after the passing of the Toleration Act. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 37 The Book of Common-Prayer, and Administration of the Sacraments ; and other parts of Divine Service for the use of the Church of Scotland. With a paraphrase of the psalms in metre by King James the VI. Edinburgh : printed by Jas. Watson, and sold at his shop opposite to the Luckenbooths, 1712. From the copy printed at Edinburgh in the year 1637, by Robert Young, printer to King Charles the First. Said to have been printed at the cost of the Earl of Winton, who was implicated in the rising of 1715 and to have been used in the chapel at Tranent in his time. A copy open at the title page may be seen in the Mid- Gallery, Case 13, No. 55. Lent by John Ore. 38 Manuscript. Some forms of prayer to be used at a solemn fast November 23, 1715. Lent by the Theological College or the Scottish Episcopal Church. 39 The Communion Office for the use of the Church of Scotland, as far as concerneth the ministration of that holy Sacrament. Authorized by King Charles I. Anno 1636. Edinburgh, printed by James Watson, his majesty's printer, 1722. SOUTH GALLERY 1071 There are only three copies known of this, the earliest of the 18th century reprints of the second part of the communion office of 1637, out of which developed the Scottish Communion Offices of later days. Begins with the rubric before the offertory, and ends with the blessing. There were also editions printed in 1724 and 1734. Lent by the Dean and Chapter op St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 40 The Communion Office for the use of the Church of Scotland, as far as concerneth the ministration of that holy sacrament. Authorised by King Charles I. Anno 1636. All the parts of this office are ranked in the natural order. Printed in the year of our Lord 1735. This represents the first step in the reforming and improving of the service which went on until 1764. Similar editions were printed in 1743, 1752, 1759, and 1764. In 1762 an edition was printed at Edinburgh in which a return was made to the 1722 type, closely following 1637. But after 1764 there were no more editions of these earlier forms of the service. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 41 Rattray's Liturgy. A Form of Morning and Evening Prayer Daily throughout the Year. Together with an Office for celebrating the Christian Sacrifice. London : Printed in the Year mdccxlviii. Closely modelled upon the Liturgy of St. James, by the groat scholar. Dr. Rattray, Bishop of Dunkeld. It has been said to be the finest liturgy ever written in the English language. It had a great effect upon the Scottish Liturgy and was probably the cause of the parts being put into a more primitive and widely spread order, as in the Scottish Liturgy since 1764. There is reason to think that this liturgy of Rattray's was actually used in Scotland occasionally, as well as among the English Nonjurors. Lent by the Diocese op Aberdeen. 42 Manuscript. The Order for the Celebration of the Sacrifice of the Holy Eucharist. A manuscript closely following the type of service adapted by Dr. Rattray from the Liturgy of St. James, but rather shorter. Evidently written for actual use. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 43 Manuscript. The Communion Office. Another manuscript communion service of the Rattray type, intended like No. 42 for actual use, but shorter still. It is evident that there was a strong attempt made to introduce a liturgy adapted from that of St. James — then the oldest known to scholars. It would seem that Rattray's adaptation was too long and too unfamiliar in its wording and that other attempts were 1072 SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE made to adapt it still further. These attempts evidently failed, but Rattray's scholarship bore fruit in the revision which the Scottish Communion office underwent before 1764. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 44 The Booke of Common Prayer, and Administration of the Sacraments, and other parts of divine service, for the use of the Church of Scotland. Edinburgh, Robert Young, 1637. The psalms of King David translated by King James. London, Thos. Harper, 1636. This is one of the copies of the 1637 Prayer Book the Communion Office in which has been altered in manu- script by 18th century Episcopalians to bring it more into conformity with primitive models. There appear to have been two sets of alterations. The first was a numbering of the prayers so as to enable them to be read in what was called " the natural order " ; the second was a modification of the text of the prayer of consecration so as to bring it more into conformity with primitive and Eastern forms and make it still less like the Latin rites. Manuscript forms of prayer written by Scottish Episco- palians in the 18th century, mostly after the time of the '45. 45 Ane Office for Marriage. 46. Office of Matrimony. It was only little by little that the Scottish Episcopal Church adopted the marriage service from the Book of Common Prayer. 47 " The Order of Confirmation or " Chrisom and " laying on of hands " upon those that are baptised. 48 A Prayer for the afflicted. (?c. 1745.) 49 A prayer for unity : a prayer to God for assistance of his grace in time of persecution : a thanksgiving for any measure of abatement : a prayer for the king : a daily prayer in time of war. All these were no doubt written soon after the severity of the penal laws was increased in 1746. 50 A Prayer for the Church. In the handwriting of John Alexander, bishop of Dunkeld. 51 A Thanksgiving for the Peace 1763. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 52 The Communion-Office for the use of the Church of Scotland, as far as concerneth the ministration of that holy sacrament. Edinburgh : printed for Drummond, at Ossian's Head, 1764. This represents the final form of the 18th century revision. It is the editio princeps of what has been the SOUTH GALLERY 1073 current use down to the present day. In it the order of parts in the consecration prayer has been made to conform to that of the earliest known liturgies, viz. : (1) Recital of account of Institution, (2) Oblation, and (3) Invocation of the Holy Spirit. The theologians who made the change were largely influenced by the liturgical works of Dr. Rattray and the English Non-Jurors and their liturgies ; they desired to conform as far as possible to primitive standards and to avoid all appearance of teaching the Roman doctrine as the method or form of consecration. See the late Dr. Dowden's Annotated Scottish Communion Office, Edinburgh, 1884. Another edition, exactly the same but in small 8vo. was printed this year. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 53 [The] Communion Ofiice for the use of the Church of Scotland as far as concerneth the ministration of that holy sacrament. Leith, Alex. Robertson, 1765. Follows the 1764 edition accurately. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 54 The Communion Office for the use of the Church of Scotland, as far as concerneth the ministration of that holy sacrament. Edinburgh, Alex. Robertson, 1767. Autograph of Carolina Oliphant (afterwards the Lady Nairne) in her sixteenth year ; probably after her Confirmation, and before her first Communion ; which may have been on the first Sunday in June (June 2nd, 1782). An edition of which but one copy [in British Museum] is known, printed by E. Farley & Co. in Small Street, Bristol, was also published this year, besides one, in smaller form, but otherwise the same as the above. Another edition appeared in Edinburgh in 1771. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of Edinburgh. 55 The Communion Office for the use of the Church of Scotland, as far as concerneth the ministration of that Holy Sacrament. Edinburgh, Alex. Robertson, 1774. In 1780 an edition appeared at Aberdeen with a hymn of 15 verses to be sung while the people received Communion. In 1781 and 1787, editions with private devotions were published at Edinburgh. In 1786 another edition was published at Aberdeen. Lent by the Rev. J. H. Burn. 56 Collation of the several Communion Offices in the Prayer Book of Edward VI., the Scotch Prayer Book of 1637, the present English Prayer-Book, and that used in the present Scotch Episcopal Church. London, 1792. This collation was made by Samuel Horsley, bishop of St. Davids, in view of the proposed repeal of the Penal 1074 SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE Laws, so as to exhibit the position of the liturgy used by Scots Episcopalians as compared with other allied rites. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 57 An Oifig chum ceart fhrithealadh an Comuin Naomh do reir gnathachadh Eaglais n h'Alba, Dun-Eaduin, 1797. The Scottish Communion Office translated into Gaelic, with the sanction of Andrew Macfarlane, bishop of Moray and Ross, by the second master of the Inverness Academy. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 58 The Communion Office for the use of the Church of Scotland, as far as concerneth the ministration of that Holy Sacrament. Another edition was printed at Aberdeen by Burnett in the same year. Aberdeen, J. Chalmers, 1800. CASE 17. LATER SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE. EARLY 19th CENTURY EPISCOPALIAN BOOKS. HYMNS, PARAPHRASES, PSALTERS, ETC. 59 The Communion Office according to the use of the Church of Scotland, as far as concerneth the ministration of the Holy Sacrament. Aberdeen, John Burnett, 1804. 60 The Communion Office for the use of the Episcopal Church in Scotland, as far as concerneth the ministration of that Holy Sacrament. With private devotions. Edinburgh, printed by James Clarke, and sold by James Souter, Geo. Reid & Co., 1814. This was one of three limited editions set forth by Dr. Abernethy Drummond, bishop of Edinburgh, who was anxious to introduce one or two minor textual changes, which, however, were never accepted. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 61 The Communion Office for the use of the Church of Scotland, as far as concerneth the ministration of that Holy Sacrament. Stirling : sold at Forbes's Library, 1832. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. SOUTH GALLERY 1075 G2 The Commnnion Office, for the use of the Church of Scot- land, as far as concerneth the ministration of the Holy Sacrament. Elgin, Alex. Cosmo Brander, 1838. 63 [Text authorised by Episcopal Synod] The Scottish Liturgy for the celebration of tne Holy Eucharist and adminis- tration of Holy Communion commonly called the Scottish Communion Office. Edinburgh, 1910. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 64 A form of prayer to be used in the episcopal chapels within the diocese of Aberdeen, on Thursday the eighteenth of April, 1793, being the day appointed by His Majesty's Royal Proclamation, for a Public Fast ... throughout . . . Scotland. Aberdeen, 1793. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 65 A form of prayer to be used in the chapels of the Scotch Episcopal Church, on Thursday the tenth of March 1796, being the day appointed by his Majesty's Royal Proclamation, for a public fast and humiliation through- out that part of Great Britain called Scotland. Aber- deen, 1796. The same, for 13th March, 1800, Aberdeen, 1800, in same volume. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 66 A form of Prayer and Thanksgiving to Almighty God : to be used in the Chapels of the Scotch Episcopal Church, . . . 17th June, 1802. Aberdeen, J. Chalmers, 1802. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 67 Forms of prayer and thanksgiving for particular occasions. To be used in the diocese of Aberdeen, according to the canons of the episcopal church in Scotland. Aberdeen, 1812. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 68 A form for consecrating churches. By the right reverend Dr. William Abernethy Drummond, bishop. Edinburgh, 1808. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 69 The First Modern Scottish Hymn Book. A collection of hymns and anthems, for the use of the Episcopal Church of Scotland. Aberdeen, printed and sold by J. Chalmers & Co., 1779. 1076 LATER SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE Till the present time it has generally been assumed that the first modern Scottish hymn book was that known as the " Anderston Hymns" published for the Relief Congregation at Anderston, Glasgow, in 1786. (See No. 93.) The discovery of this book shows that the Aberdeen Episcopalians had a hymn book seven years earlier and thirteen years before the repeal of the Penal Laws. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 70 A collection of hymns and anthems for the use of the Episcopal Church of Scotland. The fourth edition. Aberdeen, Chalmers, 1790. This collection, which was originally the first Scottish hymn book, ran into four editions before the Penal Laws were repealed, and during the first half of the 19th century an edition was published every two or three years at Aberdeen. The twenty-second edition, believed to be the last, was published in 1855. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 71 Collection of hymns and anthems as used in St. Andrew's Chapel, Aberdeen, and other chapels of the Episcopal Church of Scotland, the twenty-second edition, Aber- deen, Chalmers, 1855. The use of the word "chapel" for an Episcopal Church in Scotland originated among the old Jacobite Episcopalians of the north who looked upon their own meagre early 18th century places of worship as mere temporary expedients until the " king over the water " came to his own again and they returned to the parish churches. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 72 A collection of hymns for the use of the Episcopal Congre- gation, Blackfriars Wynd, Edinburgh. Edinburgh 1808. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church, 73 A collection of hymns and anthems: for the use of the Episcopal Chapel, Glasgow. Glasgow, 1814, Lent by F. C, Eeles. 74 Selection of tunes adapted to the psalms and hymns. Used in the Episcopal Chapel, Carrubers Close, Edinburgh, selected and arranged in three parts for the congregation by James Soutter, clerk of the chapel. n.d. [With Lady Nairne's autograph.] Lent by F. C. Eeles. 75 The Devout Communicant's Assistant: or the Nature and End of the Lord's Supper explained, and the obligation to partake of it considered. By Alexander Duncan, D.D., minister of Smallholm. Edinburgh, 1777. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. SOUTH GALLERY 1077 76 The Scotch Minister's Assistant, or a Collection of Forms for celebrating the ordinances of marriage, baptism, and the Lord's Supper, according to the usage of the Church of Scotland, with suitable devotions for Church and Family Worship. [By Rev. Harry Robertson, Kiltavin.] Inverness, 1802. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 77 Prayers for the use of families and individuals. By James Wilson, D.D., minister of Falkirk. Edin- burgh, 1820. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 78 Church Service Society. Euchologion A Book of Common Order : being Forms of Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments, and other ordinances of the Church. Edited by the Rev. George W. Sprott, D.D., of North Berwick. Edinburgh, 1905. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 79 Directory and Forms for Public Worship issued by the Church Worship Association of the United Free Church of Scotland. Edinburgh, 1909. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 80 The Psalms of David in Meeter. Newly translated, and diligently compared with the original text, and former translations : more plain, smooth, and agreeable to the Text than any heretofore. Allowed by the authority of the Generall Assembly of the Kirk of Scotland, and appointed to be sung in congregations and families. Edinburgh, Evan Tyler, 1650. One of the first editions of the metrical psalms which all Scottish Presbyterians have used ever since. This version, compiled by Francis Rous, an English Inde- pendent, entirely superseded the old metre psalms contained in the " Psalm Book " or Book of Common Order, which had been in use ever since the Reformation. The introduction of Rous's psalter did untold harm to church music and singing in Scotland : the old psalm book was printed with tunes ; Rous's psalms had none, and the result was that many of the finest tunes were forgotten. Except at Aberdeen where the twelve "common tunes" were occasionally printed, no psalm tunes seem to have been printed in Scotland between 1635 and 1723. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 81 The psalms of David in metre : according to the Version approved by the Church of Scotland, and appointed to be sung in congregations and families. With an analysis, a brief view of the contents of each psalm, taken from the Exposition of Mr. Matthew Henry, author of the Commentary on the Bible. Edinburgh, 1780. Lent by the Rev. Professor Cooper. 1078 LATER SCOTTISH LITURGICAL LITERATURE 82 A new version of the Psalms of David by N. Tate and N. Brady. Together with some hymns adapted to Christian Worship collected from J. Stennet ; Is. AVatts, S. Browne : and J . Mason, as used in the English Estab- lished Church in Amsterdam. And set to musick by J. Z. Triemer. AVith privilege for the benefit of the poor. Amsterdam, printed by Henry Gartman, bookseller, 1772. The English Church at Amsterdam was ministered to by ministers of the established Church of Scotland. This copy was used at Middelburg till lately. Lent by the Rev. Professor Cooper. 83 G. Buchanan's Paraphrase of the Psalms of David, translated into English prose, as near the original as the different idioms of the Latin and English languages will allow. With the Latin text and order of construction on the same page, by Andrew Waddel, M.A., late Teacher of Languages. Edinburgh, J. Robertson, 1772. A key to Buchanan's Psalms as a school book. Lent by the Rev. Professor Cooper. 84 The Psalms of David, methodized. . . . For the use of Churches and Families, by Robert Walker F.R.S.E. Senior Minister of Canongate, and Chaplain to the Chamber of Commerce of Edinburgh. Edinburgh, 1794. Lent by the Rev. Professor Cooper. 85 A letter to the Reverend Hugh Blair, D.D., ... on the improvement of Psalmody in Scotland [by Dr. Beattie, Aberdeen], n.p., 1778. Lent by the Rev. Professor Cooper. CASE IV — continued. MUSIC BOOKS. Note. — Church Music before 1635 lulll he found in Cases 15 and 16. 86 [Begins] I. Old Common Tune, Trihle. [On verso of last leaf the arms of the city of Aberdeen and] Aberdene, Printed by lohn Forbes Younger, Printer to the Town. Anno Domini, 1671. The book has never had a title page and consists of 8 leaves 5^ in. by 3^ in. containing the following tunes in four parts, viz. : Common, King's, Duke's, English, French, London, Stilt, Dunfermline, Dundee, Martyrs, Abbey, Elgin, Bon Accord and Ps. xxv. Lent by William Cowan. SOUTH GALLERY 1079 87 The twelve tunes for the Church of Scotland, composed in four parts. (Viz.) Treble, Contra, Tenor and Bassus. In a more plain and usefull method, than have been ever formerly published. The fifth edition, with the addition of the Hand, Scale of the Gam, An easy method in naming the notes upon the rules and spaces, conform to their several chiefs, flat and sharp, with Bon-Accord tune, carefully corrected, according as they are taught by the Master of the Musick School of Aberdeen. Aberdeen printed by James Nicoll, Printer to the City and University, and are to be sold at his printing house above the Meal Mercat, at the sign of the Towns Arms, and shop in the end of the Broad-Gate, An. Dom. 1720. This appears to be the only title page printed in red and black by a Scottish printer for any ecclesiastical or theological book before the second quarter of the 19th century, with the exception of the 1712 reprint of the Scottish Prayer Book of 1637. The red is here repre- sented by italics. Same tunes as No. 86 except King's and Ps. xxv., but in different order. Lent by William Cowan. 88 A collection of psalm tunes for the use of the Church of Scotland compos'd in four parts (viz) Trible Contra Tenor Bassus engraven printed and sold by John Duncan bookseller in Dumfries mdccxxiii. Same tunes (in different order) as 86 except Bon Accord and Ps. xxv., but with Pss. 119 and 136, all engraved on copper-plate. Lent by William Cowan. 89 The common tunes or, Scotland's church musick made plain. By Mr. Thomas Bruce schoolmaster in Edin- burgh. Edinburgh, 1726. The first book of p.salm tunes published in Edinburgh since the early part of the 17th century. Lent by AVilliam Cowan. 90 The Rudiments of Music ... to which is annexed, a collection of tlie best church tunes, canons, and anthems. By Robert Bremner. 2nd edition. Edinburgh, 1762. Second title, on copper plate, runs : A collection of the best churcn tunes in four parts publish'd by Robt. Bremner, by order of the Honourable the Committee, for improving Church Music in the City of Edinburgh. Lent by D. Hat Fleming. 91 The psalm-singer's delightful pocket companion, containing, a plain and easy introduction to psalmody; and an introduction explaining, more at largo, tlie grounds or music in general . . . and between three and fourscore of the best psalm tunes in nine different meters; with variety of curious hymns and canons, in two, three, and 1080 LITUEGICAL MUSIC BOOKS four parts; all neatly engrav'd on plates, and printed on a superfine writing paper. To which is added, a collection of hymns, suited to all the different meters of the tunes ... by Thomas More . . . for the author . . . Glasgow . . . London . . . Salop. . . . n.d. 1762. This seems to be the first Glasgow printed tune book. Lent by William Cowan. 92 Translations and Paraphrases of several passages of Sacred Scripture. Collected and prepared by a Committee appointed by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. And, by the Act of last Assembly, transmitted to Presbyteries for their consideration. Edinburgh, 1745. The first edition of the Paraphrases, containing 45. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 93 Sacred songs and hymns on various passages of Scripture ; selected for the congregation at Anderstoun. Glasgow : printed by David Niven, 1786. The first edition of the well-known " Anderston Hymns," long supposed to be the first Scottish hymn book of modern times, until quite recently an Aberdeen hymn book printed seven years earlier, in 1779, was discovered. (See No. 69.) It consists of 180 hymns collected by Rev. J as. Stewart, minister of Anderston Relief Church (1775-1814) and printed for the use of that congregation. Revised and enlarged this became the hymn book of the Relief Church, sanctioned by their Synod in 1794, action regarded by many at that time as proof of latitudin- arianism. The Cameronians, Seceders, and the legal Free Church still reject the use of hymns. Lent by the Rev. Robt. Pollok. 94 A Collection of Sacred Songs and Hymns, selected from various authors and recommended to be sung in churches and families. By Robert Walker, Cupar-Fife. Cupar, 1811. Lent by T>. Hay Fleming. 95 The Psalms of David in metre, according to the version approved by the Church of Scotland, and appointed to be used in Worship. Edinburgh, 1819. With: Translations and Paraphrases, in verse, on several passages of Sacred Scripture (no title page). Also: Hymns (no title page). An early edition containing four hymns. Lent by Miss Eekhout. 96 The Sacred Harmony of the Church of Scotland in four vocal parts; adapted to the version of the psalms, paraphrases hymns etc used in the Presbyterian Churches. . . . Edited and chiefly arranged by R. A. Smith. 2nd edition. Edinburgh, n.d. [before 1829]. Lent by D. Hat Fleming. SOUTH GALLERY 1081 97 A Collection of Hymns, on various passages of Scripture for the use of the Relief Church, Bread Street. Edinburgh, 1831. Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 99 The Sacred Harp, a selection of the most admired Psalm and Hymn tunes, anthems, doxologies, etc., with a complete course of initiatory lessons in the art of singing. By Robert Burns. Glasgow, n.d. [? c. 1840.] Lent by D. Hay Fleming. 100 The Scottish Psalmody in the tonic sol-fa notation. With a course of instruction in the tonic sol-fa method of singing at sight, by John Curwen. Issued by the Scottish vocal music association, n.p., n.d. Believed to be the first Scottish musical psalter with this innovation. Lent by James Macdougal. 101 Free Church of Scotland. Paraphrases, Hymns, and new versions of some of the Psalms. With tunes adapted to all the metres. London, 1871. The first hymn book published by the Free Church. Lent by James Macdougal. 102 A statement of the proceedings of the Presbytery of Glasgow relative to the use of an organ in St. Andrew's Church in the public worship of God on the 23rd August, 1807. Glasgow, 1808. Lent by the Rev. Professor Cooper. A SERIES OF LITURGICAL BOOKS, chiefly represen- tative editions of the various recensions of the Book of Common Prayer, with copies of the Nonjurors' liturgies, the American and the Greek, to exhibit the liturgical affinities of the Scottish Prayer Book of 1637 and the modern Scottish Communion Office, with their influence upon the present American Prayer Book. A Sarum and a Roman breviary placed side by side to give an example of difference of Use between two Latin rites. The Sarum breviary has Sundays after Trinity (as in the Book of Common Prayer), the Roman reckoning the same Sundays as after Pentecost. This is only one out of many such differences and it happens to be one of small importance. But it serves as an illustration. 103 [Breviarium ad usum insignis ecclesie Sarum.] Antwerpie, per Chr. Endouiensem, 1525. Title page and some other leaves wanting. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 1082 ILLUSTEATIVE LITUEGICAL BOOKS 104 Breviarivm Eonianvm, ex decreto sacrosancti Concilii Tridentii restitvtvm, Pii. V. pout max ivssv editvm, et Clementis VIII. piimvm, nunc denuo Vrbani PP. VIII. auctoritate recognitum . . . ]mrs autumnalis. . . . Paris, 1668. Lent by F. C. Eeles. The First Prayer Book. 105 The jhoohe of the common j^vSijQV and Sidmi j nistracion of the / Sacramentes, and otner J rites and ceremonies of /the Churclie : after the fuse of the Churche /of England. Londini in officina /Edouardi AVhitchurche. jCum privilegio ad i'/nprwiendum ' solum. /Anno Do. 1549/ mense I Mail. Perfect throughout except for price leaf at end. Lent by the Hon. the Archdeacon of St. Albans. The Second Prayer Book. 106 The booke of common prayer, and adminystracion of the Sacranientes, and other rytes, and ceremonies in the Churche of Englande. Londini, in officina Edovardi Whitchurche. [n.cl. 1552 or 1553.] This is the Prayer Book that was used by the first Scottish Reformers, see Case 16, No. 19. Lent by the Hon. the Archdeacon of St. Albans. The Third Prayer Book. A late edition. 107 The Booke of Common Prayer : and administration of the Sacraments. And other rites and ceremonies of the Church of England. London, deputies of Cnristopher Baker, 1596. Title defective, wants Aij— iv., Qiv in Sternhold and Hopkins wanting. With : Psalter, 1597. printed by deputies of Christopher Barker. Sternhold and Hopkins, 1595, printed by John Windet. Lent by the Hon. the Archdeacon of St. Albans. 108 A fourme of prayer with thankesgiuing, to be vsed by all the King's maiesties louing subiects euery yeere the fift of August. Being the day of his Highnesse happy deliuerance from the trayterous and bloody attempt of the Earle of Gowry and his brother, with their adherents. London, R. Barker, 1606. Lent by F. C. Eeles. The Fourth Prayer Book ; as revised after the Hampton Court Conference. 109 The Book of Common Prayer. . . . London, R. Barker, 1607. With : Psalter, printed by R. Barker, 1607. Sternhold and Hopkins, printed by the Company of vStationers, 1611. SOUTH GALLERY 1083 Has prayers for Henry, eldest son of James I., also for Queen Anne of Denmark. Lent by the Hon. the Archdeacon of St. Albans. 110 Liber precum publiearvm in vsvm ecclesiae chathedralis Christi Oxon. Oxoniae, Excudebat losephus Barnesius, 1615. Oxford, 1615. The first edition of the Christ Church Latin prayer book. Suffrage for Queen and Royal Family omitted in the Litany, though there is the prayer for them at the end. Original binding. Lent by the Hon. the Archdeacon of St. Albans. A Prayer Book of Charles I.'s time. 111 The Book of Common Prayer. . . . London, R. Barker and the Assignes of John Bill, 1636. A large paper copy. Contains the ordinal, also an inserted Form of Prayer for 1715, entitled : Prayers to be used next after the Prayer in time of war and tumults, in all . . . churches ... on all Sundays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, till further order : For imploring God's blessing on the counsells and arms of his majesty King George, in order to the disappoint- ing the evil designs of his and our enemies, and the settling of these kingdoms in peace. London, 1715. Lent by the Hon. the Archdeacon of St. Albans. The first edition of the modern Prayer Book. 112 The Book of Common Prayer and administration of the Sacra- ments, and other rites and ceremonies of the Church, according to the use of the Church of England, together with the psalter or psalms of David, printed as they are to be sung or said in churches : and the form and manner of making, ordaining and consecrating, of bishops, priests, and deacons. London, H.M. Printers, 1662. Autograph and MS. notes of Dr. John Owen, the Nonconformist Dean of Christ Church, Oxford. Lent by the Hon. the Archdeacon of St. Albans. 113 A form of prayer with thanksgiving for the safe delivery of the Queen, and happy birth of the young Prince. To be used on Sunday next, being the Seventeenth Day of this instant June, in all churches and chappels, within the cities of London and Westminster, and ten miles distance ; and upon the first day of July next, in all other places throughout this kingdom of England, Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick upon Tweed. By his majesties special command. London, 1688. Thanksgiving service for the birth of the Old Chevalier, otherwise James III. and VIII. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 1084 ILLUSTEATIVE LITURGICAL BOOKS 114 The Book of Common Prayer. . . . Leabhar na Nornaicli- theadh Ccombchoitchionn agas Mhiniostralachda na Sacraimeinteadh. . . . London, Everingham, 1712. In English and (Irish) Gaelic. Two titles. At end : Elements of the Irish language, methods of pronunciation, etc. Believed to have been used at times among Episcopal- ians in the Highlands before the publication of the first Gaelic edition of the Scottish Communion Office. Lent by the Hon. the Archdeacon of St. Albans. 115 The Book of Common Prayer. . . . Edinburgh, Watson, 1720. One of the many editions printed at Edinburgh in the 18th century. Lent by the Hon. the Archdeacon of St. Albans. 115a The Book of Common Prayer. . . . Edinburgh, Jas. Blair and Jn. Nairn, 1737. Another 18th century Scottish edition. Lent by Miss Beatrice Clugston. 116 The Book of Common Prayer. . . . London, T. Bashett, 1/41. Has been the property of a Jacobite who has altered the prayers to suit his views. Lent by the Hon. the Archdeacon of St. Albans. 117 The Nonjurors' Liturgy or 1718. A Communion Office taken partly from Primitive Liturgies, and partly from the first English Eeformed Common-Prayer- Book : together with offices for Confirma- tion, and the Visitation of the Sick. London : Printed for James Bettenham, at the Crown in; Pater-noster Eow. mdccxviii. Compiled under the direction of the English nonjuring bishops Jeremy Collier and Thomas Brett, probably with the assistance of the Scottish bishops Archibald Campbell and James Gadderar, who were afterwards bishops of Aberdeen in succession. The Liturgy follows the lines of that in the First Prayer Book, but the Canon is rewritten according to a more primitive model. It has been described as " wonderfully fine : accurate in expression, containing every element properly belonging to the anaphora of the Christian Liturgy"; it is not so long or prolix as those of Deacon or Rattray. Opened to show the rubric directing reservation of the Eucharist for the sick. Bound up with the above : The Form and Manner of Consecrating and Adminis- tering the Holy Communion according to the Liturgy of King Edward VI. called the Book of Common Prayer, and Administration of the Sacraments and other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church, after the Use of the Church of England. Printed at London by Edward Whitchurch, Anno Dom. 1549. Mense Maij. London : Printed by H. Parker, for S. Morphew, near Stationers' Hall, 1717. (Price Sixpence). SOUTH GALLERY 1085 This reprint was the work of the nonjurors, probably Brett and his friends, and was probably done for practical use until a more satisfactory book could be prepared. Lent by the Diocese of Aberdeen. 118 A smaller edition of the same, opened at the prayer of consecration in the Communion Service. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 119 Another edition of the same. London, printed for J. Smith in the Strand, mdccxviii. Open to show title page. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 120 The Ancient Liturgy of the Church of Jerusalem, being the liturgy of St. James, freed from all latter additions and interpretations of whatever kind, and so restored to its original purity . . . with an English translation and notes. [By Dr. xhos. Rattray of Craighall, Perthshire, bishop of Dunkeld, 1727-1743]. Contains also : An office for the sacrifice of the holy Eucharist, being the ancient liturgy of the Church of Jerusalem. To which proper rubricks are added for direction, and some few notes at the foot of the page, etc. This learned work had great influence upon the Scottish Episcopal clergy of the time, and brought to their notice the primitive and eastern order of parts in the prayer of consecration in the communion service, an order which was adopted in the Scottish Communion Office in preference to that of the 1637 Prayer Book. See Case 16. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 121 A compleat collection of devotions, both publick and private : taken from the Apostolical Constitutions, the ancient liturgies, and the Common Prayer Book of the Church of England. In two parts. Part I. Comprehending the publick offices of the Church. Humbly offered to the consideration of the present churches of Christendom, Greek, Roman, English, and all others. Part II. Being a primitive method of daily private prayer, containing devotions for the morning and evening, and for the ancient hours of prayer, nine, twelve, and three ; together with hymns and thanksgivings for the Lord's Day and Sabbath, and prayers for fasting days ; as also, devotions for the altar, and graces before and after meat ; all taken from the Apostolical Constitutions and the ancient liturgies, with some additions ; and recom- mended to the practice of all private christians of every communion. To which is added, an appendix in justification of this undertaking, consisting of extracts and observations, taken from the writings of very 1086 ILLUSTEATIVE LITURGICAL BOOKS eminent and learned divines^of different communions. And to all is subjoin'd, in a supplement, an essay to procure catholick communion upon catholick principles. [Dr. Thomas Deacon.] London : printed for the author, 1734. With The form of admitting a convert into the com- munion of the Church. London, 1746. With this, and paged continuously is : A litany for the use of those, who mourn for the iniquities of the present times, and tremble at the prospect of im- pending judgments. Together with prayers, in behalf of the Catholick Church, aud particularly of that part of it belonging to these kingdoms. . . . After these, with separate title page and pagination, comes " An appendix in justification . . . 1734 " included in first title. This extremely able production was the work of Dr. Thomas Deacon of Manchester, a bishop in one section of the English Non- jurors. It had some influence in Scot- land. Deacon's son suffered death at the hands of the ment for the part he took in the '45. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 122 EYXOAOnON TO MEFA HEPIEXON TA2 Ti^N EHTA MY2THPI12N AK0A0Y6IA2. Venice, 1851. The Greek liturgies of SS. Basil and Clirysostom (invariable parts only) as used at the present day. (The Euchologion also contains the services for the other sacraments and sacramental rites.) The book is here open at the consecration prayer in the liturgy known as that of St. Basil so as to show the close analogy with the Scottish. The liturgy of St. Basil represents an expansion of some very primitive form. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 123 The Communion-Office, or order for the administration of the Holy Eucharist or Supper of the Lord. With private devotions. Recommended to the Episcopal Congregations in Connecticut. By the Right Reverend Bishop Seabury. New-London : printed by T. Green, mdcclxxxix. [Reprinted n.d., late 19th century.] Lent by the Rev. E. Beresford Cooke. 124 The Book of Common Prayer, administration of the Sacraments ; and other rites and ceremonies of the church, according to the use of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America. New York, 1850. A copy of the American Prayer riook, placed here to show the connection with and indebtedness to Scotland. Owing to the influence of Bishop Seabury the conse- cration prayer in the Communion Service was based upon the Scottish form. Lent by F. C. Eeles. SOUTH GALLERY 1087 125 Devotions in the ancient way of offices, with psalms, hymns, and prayers, . . . reformed by a person of quality, and published by George Hickes, T).T>. Edinburgh, 1765. A Scottish edition of a prayer book compiled by an English Non-Juror ; a book Avhich Avas very popular in the 18th century. Instead of the psalms the compiler substituted curious imitative compositions. Lent by F. C. Eeles. A SMALL selection of catechisms and confessions of faith. See also Case 9 for the Covenants and Case 12 for the " testimonies " of Cameronians and Seceders. 1 The confession of faith, and doctrine believed and jjrofessed by the protestants of Scotland, exhibited to the Estates of the first Parliament of King James the sixt : holden at Edin- burgh tlie 25 day of December, 1568, and authorised there. Edinburgh, 1638. The old Confession of Faith, not to be confused with the Negative Confession, otherwise the King's Confession, otlierwise the first Covenant of 1580. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturiigck. 2 Confessio fidei et doctrinae per ecclesiam reformatam Regni Scotiae professae. Exhibitae ordinibus Regni eiusdem in publicis Parliamenti (vt vocant) Comitijs, et eoruni com- muni consensu approbatae, vti certissimis fundamentis verbi dei innixae et consentaneae. St. Andrews, Lek- previk, 1572. Lent by the Faculty of Advocates. 3 Parvvs catechismvs qvo exarninari ))ossinit iuniores qui ad Sacram Coenam admittuntur. Carmine lambico, per R. P. St. Andrews, Lekprevik, 1573. Lent by the Faculty of Advocates. 4 A shorte svmme of the whole catechisme, wlierein the question is proponed and answered in a few wordes, for the greater ease of the commoune people and children. (Jathered by M. lohne Craig, minister of Gods Worde to the Kings Edinburgh, Charteris, 1581. Lent by the Faculty of Advocates. 5 Tlie First and Second Booke of Discipline. Together with some Acts of the Generall Assemblies, clearing and confirming the same : and An Act of Parliament, n.p. 1621. Lent by the Rev. J. Sturrock. 6 Cathechesis religionis christianae : (juae in ecclesiis et scholis Palatinatus sub Frederic© III. electore tradebatur. Aberdeen, Raban, 1637. Lent by the Faculty of Advocates. 1088 CATECHISMS AND CONFESSIONS OF FAITH 7 The Shorter Catechism of the Westminster Assembly of Divines : being a facsimile of the First Edition, which was ordered to be printed by the House of Commons, 25th November, 1647. With historical account and bibliography by William Carruthers, F.E.S. London, 1897. The original title page runs : The humble advice of the Assembly of Divines, now by authority of parliament sitting at Westminster, concerning a Shorter Catechisme, presented by them lately to both Houses of Parliament. A certain number of copies are ordered to be printed only for the use of the members of both Houses and of the Assembly of Divines, to the end that they may advise thereupon. London, printed by A. M. n.d. [1647]. ^ ^ Lent by F. C. Eeles. 8 The Confession of Faith, with A Humble Advice of the Assembly of Divines now by authority of Parliament sitting at Westminster concerning a larger Catechism. Glasgow, Robert Sanders, 1675. An early Glasgow edition of the Confession of Faith. Lent by the Rev. Professor Cooper. 9 Confessio Fidei . . . una cum Catechisme duplici, majori minorique. . . . Edinburgh, 1694. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 10 A Sacramental Catechism : or a familiar instructor for young communicants. Plainly unfolding the nature of the covenant of grace, with the two seals thereof. Baptism and the Lord's Supper. . . .with many cases of conscience . . . with an appendix, containing suitable materials for meditation and prayers. . . . By Mr. John Willison, minister of the gospel at Dundee. Edinburgh, 1720. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 11 A short catechism, for instructing such as are disposed to enter into the great end and design of the Christian religion. Edinburgh, 1734. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 12 A catechism : or, an instruction in the Christian religion, by way of question and answer ... to which is added, A short catechism for the use of children, being an abridgement of the larger one. By the Rev. John Mears, M.A., an eminent minister of a dissenting congregation at Dublin. Glasgow, 1741. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 13 An explication of the first part of the Assembly's shorter catechism ... to which is subjoined, The peculiar advantage and business of life opened up, and applied, in several sermons . . . preached at Ettrick, in the year 1727. Never before printed. By . . . Thomas Boston. Edinburgh, 1755. Lent by F. C. Eeles. SOUTH GALLERY 1089 14 The great duty of frequenting the Christian Sacrifice, and the nature of the preparation required : with suitable devo- tions. Partly collected from the ancient liturgies. To which is prefixed instructions for Confirmation. 8th ed. Edinburgh, 1722. Evidently published for Episcopalian use. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 15 Morning and evening prayers to be used in families, daily and upon several occasions. Together with Forms of Blessing and Thanksgiving, before and after meat. [Aberdeen, Nicol?] Reprinted in the year 1727. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 16 A short catechism, with the A,B,C, the ten commandments, the Lord's prayer, and the belief; together also, with many useful and profitable scriptures, containing the principal heads of the Christian religion. Aberdeen, James Nicol, 1733. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 17 A catechism, or, the principles of the christian religion, explained in a familiar and easy manner, adapted to the lowest capacities. Edinburgh, 1752. A catechism for the Scottish Episcopalians, known by them as " The Forty Lessons." Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 18 An historical catechism. Containing in short the sacred history, and the doctrines of Christianity: as taught in the primi- tive Church. With an exjilanation of the festivals and fasts intended for the use of the Episcopal Church of Scot- land. Edinburgh, 1775. [By Robert Forbes, bishop of Caithness.] lient by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. A SERIES of early publications relating to S.P.C.K. in Scotland. 19 Proposals, concerning the propagating of Christian Knowledge, in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland and Forraign Parts of the World, n.d. Lent by the Rev. W. Telford. 20 An account of the rise, constitution and management, of the Society in Scotland, for propagating Christian Knowledge. London, 1714. Lent by the Rev. AV. Telford. 21 [The same]. Second Edition. Enlarged by a Member of the Society. Edinburgh, 1720. Lent by the Rev. W. Telforp. 2m 1090 CATECHISMS AND CONFESSIONS OF FAITH 22 Overtures concerning Kirk-Sessions and Presbyteries ; trans-. mitted by the Commission of the General Assembly, to Presbyteries, to be considered by them, and returned, with their opinion and remarks, to the next General Assembly. Edinburgh, 1719. Lent by the Rev. W. Telford. 23 State of the Society in Scotland, for propagating Christian Knowledge ; giving a brief account of the' Condition of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, and of the attempts that have been already made for the Reformation of those parts, and what the Society has done, and have further in view, for their improvement in manual labour and industry, as well as in Christian Knowledge. Together with some account of this Society's Missionaries, for converting the native Indians of America. Edinburgh, 1741. Lent by the Rev. W. Telford. 24 List of schools maintained by the Society for propagating Christian Knowledge, 1748. Lent by the Rev. W. Telford. A few books published by or for Scottish Roman Catholics, including three printed at the Holyrood House press, which was set up by James VII. and II. largely with a view to the dissemination of literature in Scotland to help the Roman Catholic missionaries. For some time after the Revolution they were very active in Scotland and converted many non-Roman Catholic Jacobites, especially in the Highlands. 25 A prayer book printed on the Continent for the use of English- speaking Roman Catholics. It is imperfect and wants all before p. 51. It contains prayers "at Masse-time"; for the days of the week (with the Athanasian Creed on Sundays) ; " Aduertisementes for the sick " ; " Himnes " and prayers for the principal days in the year ; the seven penitential psalms; litany ; offices of the Cross, and of the Holy Ghost ; " The manner to help a Priest to say Masse " ending at p. 502. Then follows : Certaine devout and godly petitions commonly called lesvs Psalter . . . n.p. 1616. This wants all after p. 46. Inside the cover is written in a seventeenth century hand, "my father's prayer book was printed/at Roven by " Cardina[l] Hamilton "a°. dni. 1614. "my mothers book was printed a°. 1604." As in other books of the kind the presence of a few Scottish saints' names in the litany indicates a desire to make it suitable for use in Scotland ; there are also one or SOUTH GALLERY 1091 two Irish names, however, and there is good evidence that the book was primarily intended for Eomaii Catholics in England. Lent by Charles Higham & Son. 26 L'histoire et la vie merveilleuse du Comte de Lesley gentil- homme Ecossois, capucin. . . . Paris, 1682. This and No. 27 relate to the famous Scottish Capuchin friar. Father Archangel, one of the Aberdeenshire Leslies. Lent by John Our. 27 Wonderbaere ende geluchige Missie naer Engelant en Schot- lant, ofte leven van den eerweerden P. Archangelus van , Schotlant capucyn, missionaris apostolyck. Voormaels Georgius Graeve van Lesley ... door ¥. Giegorius van Brugge. Bruges, [1686]. Lent by John Orr. 28 The Hind and the Panther. A poem. In three parts. [John Dryden.] Holy-Rood-House, James Watson, 1687. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 29 A manual of devout prayers and devotions, fitted for all persons and occasions. With diverse choice, select prayers before and after confession and communion. And an examen of conscience. To which is added the rosary both Latin and English, prayers to the B. Virgin Mary, the prayers of St. Bridget, &c. And several other most devout prayers to our blessed Redeemer. Also the Vespers, or Even-Song, in Latin and English, as it is sung in all catholick churches. Newly corrected. Holy-rood-house, printed by Mr. P. B. Enginier, printer to the Kings most excellent majestic, for his Houshold, Chappel and Col ledge. 1688. Contains : kalendar, holy days expounded, christian doctrine, private prayers, the 7 penitential psalms, litany, the method to serve at mass &c. At p. 81 new title page : The Jesus psalter. Holy-rood-house, printed, Anno, 1688. At p. 109, title page : Daily devotions, and a very profitable manner how to hear mass, very necessary for all Roman Catholicks for the better understanding thereof. Holy-Rood -House, printed, anno, 1688. At p. 125, title page : An explanation of the holy ori aments and ceremonies which the Church uses at mass. Collected from several 1092 CATECHISMS AND CONFESSIONS OF FAITH authors. And now publishM for the common good of all Catholicks, and others. Holy-Rood-House, printed. Anno 1688. At p. 141, title page : The method of saying the Rosary of our blessed Lady : in Latin and English. As it was ordered by Pope Pius V. of the holy order of Preachers ; and as it is said in her majesties cha|>pel at St. James's. The eighteenth edition. Holy-Rood-House, printed. Anno 1688. This book seems to be reprinted with but little alteration from one or other of the similar devotional manuals printed on the Continent for the use of English Roman Catholics. There are a few Scottish saints' da,\s in the kalendar, but only such as we generally find in books of the kind issued primarily for use in England. The mass is, of course, according to Roman use, but there are traces here and there in less important matters of the influencfe of the North of France and the Low Countries. No. 25 is a similar book of earlier date, and with this volume is bound a similar book printed at Antwerp a few yenrs later. There are some interesting prayers for the King, viz. at the end of the Jesus Psalter, p. 100. " A prayer for the King, Queen, and Queen Dowager. To be added to the last Collect at the end of the Mass," followed by Preces pro Rege, ps. xix., Exaudiat and the collect "Quaesumus Omnipotens Deus, ut Famulus tuns, Rex noster, Jacobus ..." The same occur, with the prayer at the end of mass last, p. 176, after the Litany of the B.V.M. With the above is bound : A manual of devout prayers ; and other Christian devo- tions. Fitted for all persons and occasions ; with new additions : much corrected from the errors of former editions ; together with the vespers or psalms. With a new eilition of the mass in English. Antwerp : Anno Domini, 1699. This contains very similar matter ; English and a few Scottish saints in the kalendar. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. 30 A short and plain way to the faith and church. Composed many years since by that eminent divine. Master Richard Hudleston, of the English Congregation, of the Order of St. Benedict ; and now published for the common good by his nephew Mr. John Hudleston, of the same Congregation : chaplain to the Queen Dowager. To which is annexed his late majesty King Charles II. 's papers found in his closet after his decease. As also a brief account of what occurred on his death-bed in regard to religion. Permissu Superi- orum. Holyrood House, 1688. Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Chukch. SOUTH GALLERY 1093 Horae dinruae cum psalterio Eomano ad usum cleri Basilicae Vaticanae cura Henrici S.R.E. presbyteri cardinalis ducis Eboraceiisis ejusdem sacrosanctae basilicae archipresbyteri editae. Romae, 1756. The daily services and psalter as used by the Canons of the Vatican Basilica at Rome ; an edition published by the Cardinal Duke of York, brother of Prince Charles Edward Lent by the Theological College of the Scottish Episcopal Church. CASE 27. Cloak worn by Sallie. Cocked Hat worn by Sallie. Velvet Cap worn by coffin bearer. Bag of Mort Cloth Tickets. Lent by Dudhope Park Museum, Dundee. Two MoRT Cloths. Lent by the Kirk Session of Stewarton Parish Church. Alms Dish of lacquered metal. Dia. 15| in. Inscribed on rim : " comrie 1766." Lent by Mrs. K. L. Macdonald. Alms Dish of Pewter. Inscribed on rim: "for the kirk OF canongate 1773." Dia. 16^ in. Lent by the Kirk-session of Canongate Parish, Edinburgh. SCREENS ABOVE CASES 7 TO 18. Many of the exhibits displayed on these screens are numbered and catalogued with the contents of the cases just below them. The unnumbered exhibits are not of a kind which has been thought to require individual enumeration. Briefly, they are as follows : Above Case 12. A Diagram explaining the position his- torically of nearly all the different religious bodies in Scot- land. Right of Sittings in the Havannah Street As?ociate Congregation of Glasgow. Lent by Jas. More. Above Cases 7 and 8. Rubbings of inscriptions on church bells in Scotland. Above Case 13. A framed collection of communion tokens of Scottish Episcopalians. Arranged and lent by J. H. Pratt. Above Case 15. Facsimiles of the Book of Kells, an Irish MS., to show a good example of Celtic illuminative art to compare with the Book of Deer. Lent by the Rev. George Bell, 1094 Miscellaneous ecclesiastical exhibits Above Cases 15 and 16. A series of plates from Graham's " Carved Stones of Islay," to illustrate the medi- aeval art of the West Highlands in the post-Celtic period. Lent by James MacLehose. Above Cases 16 and 17. A series of photographs of rubbings from brasses, and of mediaeval miniatures, etc., to illustrate ecclesiastical vestments, as worn iti church before the Reformation. A series of pictures illustrating the arrangement of the altar in a Gothic church in this country in mediaeval times, from contemporary illustrations and accurate modern restorations. Pictures of Scottish " Sacrament Houses,^' i.e. more or les8 decorated lockers in the wall on the north side of the altar in old Scottish churches. They were used for reserv- ing the Eucharist for the sick, and correspond closely with similar structures in parts of the Continent, and were very commonly used instead of the Itanging pix (also shown) here, which was more characteristic of England. The tabernacle standing on or behind the middle of the high altar according to modern Roman usage was not the custom either in Scotland or England. Pictures illustrating screenwork in churches. Photographs of the 15th century parish church of Lin- lithgow to illustrate a large Scottish parish church of the late mediaeval period. A diagram showing the relation to other liturgies of the liturgies used in Scotland, A screen is being provided to show two rubbings from lona ; one of a Benedictine prioress, and the other of parts of Mackinnon's cross. Lent by Miss F. H. Findlay. Also, rubbings of other West Highland sculptured stones. Lent by Miss M. E. M. Donaldson. Note. — It has been felt desirable to quote titles of books with sufficient fulness for the catalogue to be of permanent value as a bibliographical record, and also to describe them sufficiently to compensate for the inevitable lack of interest of objects of which only such very small portions as single pages can be shown at one time. The 1800 limit has been fixed for obvious reasons, but in the liturgical section it has not been strictly adhered to. Even there the spirit of the limitation has been followed as closely as possible by the omission of everything concerned with 19th century contro- versies.— F. C. E. SOUTH GALLERY 1095 BELLS. CASE 28. It is believed that the series of eight Celtic bells of quadrate form, all of them presumably Scottish, is the largest collec- tion of bells of this kind ever gathered together in Scotland. They all date from the period of the Celtic Church, ranging from perhaps 600 a.d. to about 1000 a.d., and some at any rate are probably relics of Celtic saints. Four are made of iron bent into bell form, rivetted up the sides, and afterwards coated with bronze; four are cast in bronze, though of almost the same quadrate shape. Such bells are found in other Celtic districts, especially Ireland, and the quadrate form still persists for cattle bells in parts of the Continent. It is difficult to know exactly what these bells were used for. They seem to have been the property of individuals rather than of the church, much in the same way as croziers and mitres in later times were sometimes the property of individual bishops. They may have been used for calling the people, or they may have been used in certain outdoor processions. They were not sacring bells — otherwise known as " sanctus " or elevation bells — for this use of bells was merely an adjunct to the eleva- tion of the eucharist immediately upon consecration, a cere- mony which was not generally introduced until the 12th or 13th century, and nowhere prior to the 11th century. Their personal connection with some early saint seems to have been the reason for the preservation of most of these Celtic bells. Some were kept like relics — or like the book of the Gospels — in shrines of precious metal richly decorated, as in the cases of the bells of Kilmichael Glassary, and Guthrie. These shrines were probably used for decking the altar upon festivals just the same as reliquaries and plate. At the recent Coronation the high altar of Westminster Abbey was covered with rich and valuable plate. That is the most ancient and widespread way of decorating the altar, and it was for this purpose that these Celtic bell shrines were no doubt made. An early circular bell from Shetland forms a kind of link between these early hand-bells and the larger church bells of mediaeval times. Four examples of mediaeval church bells are shown — a late 14th century example from Anwotli being the earliest, and one of the next century, from Bo'ness, the largest; that from Dumfries (1443) being the earliest dated bell at present known to exist in Scotland. Several later church bells are shown, and a large collection of hand-bells, mostly from churches, and often known as " deid bells," from their frequent use in funeral processions. Bells of this kind were frequently the property of towns, and also used for other purposes. In the north, the kirk-session usually charged about Is. 6d. for the use of both mortcloth and bell, and of this the kirk officer usually received 2d. for his trouble. 1096 BELLS The bells themselves cost about 20s. when new in the 18th century. As Christian architecture developed in the early Middle Ages, so bells developed in size and number. It became common for churches to possess more than one. In England a tendency manifested itself to arrange the different bells so as to form a part of the diatonic scale, but we do not find this to the same extent abroad, where a number of bells were often collected without regard to the notes they sounded. In England we naturally find the bells rung con- secutively, or rather separately, but abroad they were (and still are) pulled all together anyhow, merely to make a great noise. This, however, by no means satisfied the musical instincts of Belgium and the Low Countries, and so the " carillon " was introduced. This is a series of bells in great number, some very small, including a couple of octaves or more, with semitones, on which tunes could be played. The Continental "carillon" and the Continental "collection" of larger bells found their way into Scotland in the 15th and 16th centuries, to the exclusion of the English series of large bells forming part of the scale. Later on in England this series developed into rings of 5, 6, or 8, and latterly 10 and 12 bells, and change-ringing was invented. With the advent of change ringing the bells were increased in weight, and a peculiar style of hanging was adopted. Little attention was given to the ornament or decoration of these large and heavy bells, which are often comparatively uninteresting. The older bells are often of the greatest interest. Mediaeval English founders seldom put their names or dates on the bells, but they had various distinctive marks and kinds of lettering by which it is often possible to identify their bells. The foreigners, on the other hand, commonly used names and dates even in the 14th and 15th centuries. Foreign bells are thinner than English. In Scotland most of the earlier bells were brought from abroad, and herein lies their chief in- terest. Foreign bells are very scarce in England, where well-nigh every town of importance possessed a foundry. Here in Scotland, however, we have ample opportunity of studying the delicate ornament and beautiful lettering used by the Low Country founders. A few local foundries existed in Scotland. There was one or two at Edinburgh, one at Stirling, one at Turriff, one at Aberdeen. Their works are interesting because they are uncommon and because they are Scottish — not, perhaps, because of their intrinsic merit. The Scottish founders followed the Low Country model, not the English. Change ringing was not brought into Scotland until the 19th century, so heavy bells were not required. A number of rubbings of inscriptions of representative bells in Scotland will be found upon the screens above the books : these have not been catalogued individually. F, C. E. (i) Iron Celtic Hicll from Strowan. Was used as the bell of Struan Parish Church, Perthshire, 1826. Page 1097. 2) Iron Celtic Bell from the Parish Church of Birnie, known as " The Ronnell Bell of Birnie." Page 1097. (3) Iron Celtic Bell from Glenlyon, Perth- shire. Page 1097. (4) Iron Celtic Bell, said to have been found near Ednam. Page 1097. (5) Bronze Celtic Bell, known as the Bell of St. Finan, from a churchyard in L.och Shiel. The Bell has never b- en off the Island before. Page 1097. (6) Bronze Celtic Bell from the Parish Church of Little Dunkeld. Page 1098. {7) Bronze Celtic Bell, known as St, Eiman's, from Insh, Inverness-shire. J^age 1098. (8) Bronze Celtic Bell from Dumbarton. Page 1098. (9) Bell of early type, found in a Shetland Church, known to have been disused in 1700. Page 1098. SOUTH GALLERY 1097 BELLS IN CASE 28. I. CELTIC BELLS. 1 Iron Celtic Bell from Strowan, known as St. Fillan's. Made of a single sheet of iron bent into the form of a bell of quadrate type and rivetted up each side. Diameter at mouth 7 in. one way, 5| in. the other way. Height lOf in. or 13| in. including handle. Width at top 5 in. At one time coated with bronze, of which there are still traces. Was used as the bell of Struan Parish Church, Perthshire, until 1826, when Mr. Mclnroy of Lude obtained it in exchange for a new bell. Lent by W. McInroy. 2 Iron Celtic Bell from the Parish Church of Birnie, Moray- shire, known as "The Ronnell bell of Birnie." Made of a single sheet of iron bent into the form of a bell of quadrate type, and rivetted up each side. Diameter at mouth 1\ in. one way, 5^ in. the other way. Height 12| in. or 14|in. including handle. W^idth at top 5| in. At one time coated with bronze, of which there are still traces. Lent by the Kirk Session of Birnie. 3 Iron Celtic Bell from Glenlyon, Perthshire. Made of a single sheet of iron bent into the form of a bell of quadrate type and rivetted up each side. Diameter at mouth 8 in. one way, 8^ in. the other. Height, 13| in. Width of top 6^ in. Has at one time been coated with bronze. It lay on a gravestone in the churchyard of the ancient chapel of Cladh Bhrennu, near the farm of Kerrumore, until c. 1880, when a niche was made for it in the wall, where it is kept under lock and key. Lent by the Kirk Session of Glenlyon, through the Rev. Geo. Drummond. 4 Iron Celtic Bell, said to have been found near Ednam, Roxburghshire, now preserved in Kelso Museum. Made of a single sheet of iron bent into the form of a bell of quadrate type and rivetted up the sides. Diameter at mouth 8 in. one way, 65 in. the other way. Height, 11 in. or 13 in. including handle. Width at top, 6 in. Originally coated with bronze. Lent by the Tweedside Physical and Antiquarian Society. 5 Bronze Celtic Bell, known as the Bell of St. Finan, from the churchyard of the island of Eilean Finan in Loch Shiel, Ardnamiirchan. Of quadrate form and most delicate proportions, very similar to the Insh bell. It is the smallest of the Celtic bells in this collection. 1098 BELLS Diameter at mouth 65 in. one way, 5 in. the other. Height, 65 in. or 7| in. including handle. Width at top 3 J in. Thickly covered with patination, in which some ignorant vandal has scratched his name in recent times. The bell has never been off the island before. Lent through the Very Rev. Donald Mackintosh. 6 Bronze Celtic Bell, from the Parish Church of Little Dunkeld, Perthshire. Of quadrate form and of rather shorter and broader proportions than other bells of this type. The s'houlders are square and the sides have no outward curve. The corners are more angular. Diameter at mouth, 7^ in. one way, 6| in. the other. Height, 7 in. or 8^ in. including handle. Width at top, 3| in. one way, 2| in. the other. Lent by the Kirk Session of Little Dunkeld. 7 Bronze Celtic Bell, known as St. Eunan's, from Insh, Inverness-shire. Although of similar quadrate shape to the iron bells, this bell is cast in one piece and not made of a sheet of metal bent and rivetted. Diameter at mouth, 9 in. one way, 7^ in. the other way. Height, 12 in. Width at top, 5 in. The bell has stood from time immemorial in a basin in a granite stone forming the sill of one of the windows of Insh church. St. Eunan is the well-known St. Adamnan, the biographer of St. Columba. Lent by the Kirk Session op Insh. 8 Bronze Celtic Bell, from Dumbarton. Diameter at mouth, 8 in. one way, 9 in. the other way. Height, 9^ in. or 11^ in. including handle. Width at top, 4^ in. Perhaps of slightly later date than the other bells of this type as the shape tends to become less definitely quadrate through the corners being somewhat flattened, and the shape of the sides being greater. The handle is larger than that of the Insh bell. Lent by the Burgh of Dumbarton, through Alex. Roberts, Town Clerk. II. AN EARLY BELL FROM SHETLAND. 9 Bell of early type, formerly in a Shetland church, known to have been disused in 1700. The bell is circular, with a rim round the mouth and no proper sound bow, the waist is slightly curved outwards and the shoulders are rounded. On the top is a handle-like shank, like a large ring with a small loop at each side, something like four canons in a line. Perhaps of the llth or 12th centuries, although may be much later. Diameter, 6 in. Lent by Jas. M. Goudie. SOUTH GALLERY 1099 IIL TWO SMALL BELLS FOR HANGING AND RINGING BY ROPE. 10 Bell, from Anwoth Parish Church, Kirkcudbrightshire, in- cribed on the shoulder : t M [crown] A [crown] R [crown] I : A. It is not known from what foundry this bell came, possibly from that of the Johannes Adam who oast the first at Lochmaben. Probably late 14th century. A very beautiful example of a small mediaeval bell. Has canons for affixing on wooden stock. Diameter, 10| in. Lent by the Kirk Session of Anwoth. 11 Bell, formerly at Marischal College, Aberdeen, inscribed : t lOHN MOWAT t FECIT t OLD t ABD t 1741 Diameter, 11 in. Scraps of a floral border between the words where indicated f thus. This bell has canons for attaching to a stock. John Mowat was a well-known bell founder in Old Aberdeen. He cast and recast many bells for the counties of Aberdeen, Banff and Kincardine between 1735 and 1769. His bells are somewhat overloaded with ornaments and mouldings. Three of his hand bells are shown here. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. A^ofe. —Other bells of this kind from 1443 to 1739 will be found on the stand in the middle of this gallery. They are small church bells of the ordinary type such as are hung in towers and belfries. IV. A MEDIAEVAL SACRING BELL. 12 Small Bronze Bell, uninscribed and without ornament other than a faint line just above the sound bow; rounded shoulders and a little ring-shaped handle at the top. Found underneath the Parish Church of Renfrew. Almost undoubtedly a sacring bell, perhaps of the 15th century. The sacring bell was rung to draw the people's attention to certain more important parts of the old Latin service, during the later mediaeval period. Dia. 1| in. Height, 1^ in., 2| in. including handle. Lent by Mrs. James Dobbie. V. HAND BELLS FROM THE EARLY PART OF THE 16th CENTURY TO THE LATTER PART OF THE 18th 13 Hand Bell, ornamented with what appears to have been a row of fleurs-de lys round the shoulder, and two large medallions on the waist- The medallions are circular : BELLS each contains a shield charged with a lion rampant within a double tressure. The shield is surrounded by a circular ring bearing the inscription : iacobvs dei GRATIA REX scoTTORVM, The bell is cast with a handle of the same metal in the form of a vertical bar. Diameter, 6 in. Lent by Thurso Museum. Hand Bell from Hawick, inscribed : [fig. of head in helmet] . R . S . I . D . HAWICK . [on SOUnd bow] IAN . BVRGVR . HVYS HEFT . MEY . GEGOTE ANNO 1601. [fig. of head with two faces.] Diameter, Sy^gin. Badly cracked. Fixed iron oval handle. Lent by the Hawick Arch^ological Society. 15 Hand Bell, from Newbattle Parish Church, Midlothian. Has neither ornament nor lines of any kind, and a long upright handle cast with the bell. Inscribed on waist : 1616 M I A Diameter, 5f in. Lent by the Kirk Session of Newbattle. 16 Hand Bell from Farnell Parish Church, Forfarshire, inscribed on waist: with a monogram representing wat. Diameter 5| in. Has no lines and kind of elongated square shank head to which an iron ring handle is fixed. Perhaps early 17th century. Lent by the Kirk Session of Farnell, Forfarshire. 17 Hand Bell, without inscription, lines," or ornament of any kind : sound bow flattened, shoulder rounded : vertical handle cast with the bell. Probably early 17th century; compare Nos. 14 and 16. Diameter 5^ in. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. 18 Hand Bell from Brechin Cathedral, uninscribed, and with- out "lines" or ornament of any kind. Remarkably small at the shoulders and with flattened spreading sound bow. Has a small shank head to which is attached a moveable iron handle. Perhaps early 16th century. Diameter 5| in. Lent by the Kirk Session of Brechin. 19 Hand Bell, without ornament or lines. Incised on the waist are a shield with arms, possibly Dutch, and the letters s s with the date 1624 opposite, thus : s A [shield] s 1624. Diameter, 4J in. Lent by the Rev. D. G. Barron. SOUTH GALLERY 1101 20 Hand Bell, formerly used at the old Lemon Tree Inn, Aberdeen, cast by Michael Burgerhuys of Middelburg, the founder who recast the great bell of St. Nicholas Parish Church in 1634. It is inscribed : michael BVKGERHVYS M F. The handle is modern. Diameter, 5 in. Lent by David M'Hardy, 21 Hand Bell, from Rafford Parish Church, Morayshire, inscribed : med + in elgen rafart 1676. On waist : @ M lOHN TCVI AF Diameter 6| in. Has a cast bronze handle in the form of a flattened ring. Lent by the Falconer Museum, Forres. 22 Hand Bell, from Ardclach Parish Church, Nairnshire, inscribed : artclach ic. On waist : FB Diameter, 65 in. Appears to have been cast by John Cuie of Elgin, who cast Nos. 20 and 22. Has cast bronze ring handle. _ Lent per Miss Miller. 23 Hand Bell, from Kinloss Parish Church, Morayshire, inscribed : . the dead . I BEWAILE . THE . QVICK . I . ALLARM . THAT . NOUGHT . THER . IS . CAN . DEATHS . FORCE . CHARM. On waist : JOHN . CUIE KILLOSS . 1688. Like Nos. 20 and 21, a very rough local casting; has a moveable iron ring handle. Diameter, 7^ in. Lent by the Kirk Session of Kinloss. 24 Hand Bell, from Haddington, inscribed : HADING TOVN ANNO 1680 There is a row of inverted fleur-de-lys below the inscription. Oval iron handle. Diameter, 6| in. Lent by Thurso Museum. 25 Hand Bell, from Edinkillie Parish Church, Morayshire, inscribed on waist : IX : 1698 EDINKIL : ROCVMING . OF : RELVGAS : F. Thick hoop-shaped handle cast with the bell. Diameter, 8| in. Lent by the Falconer Museum, Forres. 26 Remains of a 17th century Hand Bell formerly used at Jedburgh. All that is left of the inscription is : . . . fecit 16 . . . The bell was burnt in the fire which destroyed the museum at Jedburgh — a warning to those in charge of 1102 BELLS local museums and a strong argument in favour of all museums being under national supervision in a few central places such as Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen. Lent by Jedburgh Museum. 27 Hand Bell, from Speymouth Parish Church, Morayshire, with no inscription, and hoop-shaped handle apparently cast with it. Flower-pot shaped, cf. No. 28. Perhaps late 17th or early 18th century, although both this and No. 28 may be earlier. Diameter, 5^ in. Lent by the Kirk Session of Speymouth. 28 Hand Bell, uninscribed, said to be the town's hand bell of Maybole, Ayrshire. A rude flower-pot shaped casting not unlike the Speymouth bell. No. 27. Perhaps late 17th century. Has a shank head to which part of a wooden handle is attached. Diameter, 5| in. Lent by Lewis Clapperton. 29 Hand Bell, from Oathlaw Parish Church, Forfarshire, inscribed on waist : othlo kirk 1703 I c Diameter, 6 in. The inscription is upside down so as to be read by anyone looking down upon the bell. Moveable iron handle attached to shank. Lent by the Kirk Session or Oathlaw. 30 Hand Bell, inscribed : for georgk maxuell and (at top of waist) lEAN CAMPBELL OF DALSUINTOUNE RM FECIT ED^ 1711 Said to be made for use at a marriage. Cast by Robert Maxwell of Edinburgh. The wooden handle seems more recent than the bell. Diameter, 7^ in. Lent by the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright Museum Association. 31 Hand Bell, from Huntly Parish Church, Aberdeenshire; moveable handle covered with leather. Inscription incised on waist : Or I 1714 Diameter, 5| in. Lent by the Kirk Session of Huntly. 32 Hand Bell, from St. Drostane's Episcopal Church, Lochlee, inscribed [incised on waist] m^ david : rose gift to glenesk [on sound bow] 1728 No lines ; mouldings or crown oval ring handle cast in. The second t and the k are of lower case form. Diameter, 5| in. Lent by the Rector and Vestry of St. Drostane's Episcopal Church, Lochlee, Forfarshire. 33 Hand Bell, with long vertical handle, the top of which is flattened. There is an incised inscription in small letters round the lower part of the waist, and another SOUTH GALLERY 1103 on the flat top of the handle. On waist, incised in very small letters : *THE Gift of D MK to Poor of Burial place OF Troston 1737 On top of handle, incised : DO MK I S London 1737 Diameter, 6| in. Lent by Thurso Museum. 34 Hand Bell, formerly used by the Town Crier of Old Aber- deen, inscribed : t • iohn • mowat • fe t the cryer of old /ABD^ BEL 1741 Four medallions on waist bearing the arms and motto of old Aberdeen. Diameter, 7 in. Lent by the Town Council of Aberdeen. 35 Hand Bell, from Glass Parish Church, Aberdeenshire, inscribed : IOHN . MOWAT. FE. GLASS. 1754 OLD ABD Diameter, 7 in. Has loose handle of iron and wood as have Nos. 32 and 34. Lent by the Kirk Session of Glass. 36 Hand Bell, from Botriphnie Parish Church, Banffshire, No inscription, but undoubtedly cast by John Mowat of Old Aberdeen (or possibly his successor, Andrew Law- son), as appears from the use of his moulds. It will be noticed that the "lines" and mouldings are identical with those of the Glass hand bell. No. 35. Diameter, 7 in. Lent by the Kirk Session of Botriphnie. 37 Hand Bell, from Mortlach Parish Church, Banffshire, uninscribed and without "lines" or ornament, but with flat mouldings round shoulder and sound bow, which with the character of the metal and the general appear- ance seems to indicate a very late date, perhaps end of the 18th century. Diameter, 7 in. Lent by the Kirk Session of Mortlach. A SERIES OF PUNCHES AND MOULDS TO ILLUS- TRATE THE MANUFACTURE OF COMMUNION TOKENS. 38 Iron Punch for cutting communion tokens out of a sheet of lead and stamping them, from Glenmuick Parish Church, Aberdeenshire. A token cut and stamped by this punch is placed beside it, inscribed : glen Late 17th or early 18th century. Lent by the Rev. J. R. Middleton. 1104 BELLS 39 Iron Punch, for stamping tokens without cutting them out of the sheet of metal, from Crieff Parish Church, 1811. Lent by Alfred Cox. PAIRS OF BRASS TOKEN MOULDS. 40 Slamannan, 1746 (moulds later). 41 Coupar Angus Relief Church, 1791. 42 Pitroddie, 1791 (moulds later). 43 Cromarty Gaelic Church, 1840. 44 Lethendy United Presbyterian Church, 1785 (moulds later). The letters U.P.C. — United Presbyterian Church — indicate a date subsequent to 1847, 1785 being no doubt the date of the founding of the Lethendy con- gregation. Except in tlie case of the Coupar Angus Relief Church moulds, 1791, all these moulds are of the 19th century. Moulds began to take the place of punches and stamps in the latter part of the 18th century. Lent by Alfred Cox. 45 Pair of Brass Token Moulds, from Errol Parish Church, 1827. Lent by Dr. M'Gilvray. 46 Token Stamps, obverse and reverse, from Lunan Parish Church, Forfarshire, 1905. Lent by Alfred Cox. 47 Sand-glass (in a new stand) occasionally used in Rothesay Parish Church, between 1751 and 1911. Lent by the Rev. J. K. Hewison. 48 Sand-glass from Dull Parish Church, Perthshire. (Placed in the Hawick sand-glass stand.) Lent by John B. Mair. 49 Sand-glass, from Newbattle Parish Church. Lent by the Rev. J. C. Carrick. 50 Sand-glass (placed in iron stand from Durrisdeer). Lent by John B. Mair. 51 Sand-glass stand of wrought iron, from Hawick Parish Church: late 17th century or early 18th. (The sand- glass from Dull is placed in it.) Lent by the Hawick Arch^ological Society. 52 Sand-glass stand of wrought iron, from Durrisdeer Parish Church, Dumfriesshire : late 17th century or early 18th. Lent by the Kirk Session of Durrisdeer. SOUTH GALLERY 1105 BELLS ON STAND IN MIDDLE OF SOUTH GALLERY. 1 Bell, said to have been formerly in the Parish Church of St. Michael, Dumfries, now in Maxwelltown Museum, inscribed : : + : wilhelmus : de : carleil : dominus : DE : TORTHORHALDE : ME : FECIT : FIERI / + IN I HONORE : SANCTI : MICHAELIS : ANNO : DOMINI : MiLLESiMO : cccc : xxxx : III : There is a small medallion at the top of the waist, with an illegible inscription and a shield charged with a chevron and a bell, probably the founder's mark. One of the earliest dated bells in Scotland : it is rare to find bells dated as early as this. The inscription is in two lines of very small and delicate Lombardic lettering. Diameter, 15| in. Lent by the Dumfries and Maxwelltown Observatory. 2 Bell, formerly in Kinneil Parish Church, Linlithgowshire, now preserved at the Parish Church of Borrowstounness. Inscription in ornamental Lombardic capitals : + en : katerina : vocoR : vt : per : me : virginis : alme Diameter, 23| in. The bell seems to have been one of two and the inscription was doubtless continued on the other. Lent by the Kirk Session of Bo'ness. 3 Bell, formerly in Kirkmaiden Parish Church, Wigtonshire, now preserved at Logan House, inscribed : NICOLAIVS RAMSADOMINVS X DEDALHVISSI • ME X FIERI X FECIT X • AND • / DNI • MILLESIMO X QVIQENTESIMOXXXIIII X IHS • MARIA X IHONE X MORISON The inscription, in two lines rather far apart, is chiefly in small Roman lettering of the early 16th century type, but the D's L's and H's are from a much older Lombardic alphabet such as is found alone on the Dumfries bell (No. 1) and in combination with black letter on such bells as that of Uphall. Above the inscription is a rude frieze of short fleurs-de-lys. John Morison seems to be the name of the founder. The bell is very remarkable as having no "lines, ' "rims" or mouldings except those which enclose the inscription. Diameter, 14 in. Lent by Kenneth Macdouall. 4 Bell, formerly at Navar Parish Church, Forfarshire, inscribed thus : soli • DEO • GLORIA • C • OVDEROGGE • FECIT • ROTTERDAM • 1655 • [at top of waist, incised] M . 10 . FIFVS . pastor . NAVARENSIS . DONO . DEDIT. Diameter, 16 in. 1106 BELLS There is a good border of strawberry leaves round the shoulder about the inscription. The finish of the bell has the smooth and clear character associated with the best Dutch work of the period. Lent by Arbroath Museum. 5 Bell, known as "Clatter Vengeance," formerly in use at King's College, Aberdeen, inscribed : lOHANNES . EVRGERHVYS . ME . FECIT . ANNO . 1660 . [on waist] COLLEGIVM . REGIVM . ABERDONENSIS . Diameter, 16 in. Lent by the University of Aberdeen. 6 Bell, now preserved in the Council Chamber of Maybole, Ayrshire, inscribed : this BEL IS FOVNDED AT MAIBOLL BI ALBERT DANEL / GELI A FRENCHMAN THE 6 NO'r 1696 BI APPOINTMENT OF / THE HERITORS OF THE PARIOCH OF MAIBOLL AND WILLIAM/ MONTGOMERI AND TOMAS KENNEDI MAGR'atS OF THE BVRGH Albert Gely afterwards settled in Aberdeen where he cast several bells in the early years of the 18th century, some of considerable size. The N's and S's in the above inscription are all reversed. Diameter, 19 in. Lent by the Town Council of Maybole. 7 Bell, inscribed : R . M . FECIT EDR . FOR . GEORGE . EARL . MARSHAL . OF . SCOTTLAND . / . J 725 . Cast by Robert Maxwell of Edinburgh. Note the clumsy form of these late and local bells compared with the gracefulness of the earlier castings. Diameter, 19| in. Lent by the Arbuthnott Museum, Peterhead. 8 Bell, formerly used at Edzell Parish Church, Forfarshire, attached to a wooden stock, and inscribed : * the . PARISH . OF edzell . M^^ lAMES . THOMSON BEING . MINR/ : MADE . .AT . SCLAT FORD . BY . lOHN . EASTON . 1726 Diameter, ] 1^ in. Carefully cast by an itinerant founder who also cast a bell for Fraserburgh in 1725 which is now in the Episcopal Church of New Pitsligo, Aberdeen- shire. Lent by the Kirk Session of Edzell. 9 Bell, formerly at New Luce Parish Church, Wigtownshire, now preserved at Loch Inch Castle ; inscribed : * GIFTED BY THE PARISHONERS OF NEWLUCE. * ORMSTON & CUNNINGHAM EDIN^^. FECIT J 739 The N's are reversed. Diameter, 15| in. Lent by the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Stair. SOUTH GALLERY 1107 FRAGMENTS OF BELL ON STAND BY SOUTH WALL. Sixteen Fragments of the great Bell of St. Nicholas' Parish Church, Aberdeen, known as " Auld Lowrie," which was broken in pieces by falling to the ground when the lead covered steeple was destroyed by fire in 1874. The inscription is here restored from the fragments and old copies of it. [fig. of phoenix] SOLI . DEO . GLORIA . [MICHAEL . BVRGERHVYS] . ME . FECIT . ANNO . DOM[INI .] 1 6 3 4 /En . EGO . Campana . sonitv . non , [lavdo . PKOFANA . Lavdo . Creatorem . T[onitrvs . depello . TIMOREM . DeFVNCT0[s . PLANGO . SonJiTV . SOLENNIA . PANGo / [fig. of head of phoenix] Lavrentivs . ecce . VOCOR . IVBILANTI . CVM . MOVEO . COR [AnNO . DoMINI . 1351 . WiLHiLMVs . Letth . Pref . Abredo[nensis . HANC . CAMPANA[m . SaNCTI . NiCH0L]aI . EcCLESIuE . AbRED . /dONAVIT . ElVSDEMQVE . CaMPAN^ . RIMA . FiSSA . C0MMVNITAT[iS . SVMPTIBVS . REPARATA . FVIT . Anno . 1634 . Do . Pavlo] Menezio . A[ . Kinmvndi . MiLITE . Pr^P0Si]t0 Lent by John Blaikie & Sons. BELL ON STAND ON SOUTH SIDE. Bell, formerly used at Cai niunnock Parish Church, Lanarkshire, inscribed : MICHAEL • BVRGERHVYS • ME • FECIT • 1618 • Diameter, 19 in. Lent by the Kirk Session of Carmunnock. BELL AT SOUTH END OF WEST GALLERY. Bell inscribed : MICHAEL . BVRGERHVYS . ME . FECIT . 1621 . Diameter, 17| in. The bell of Admiral de Winter's flagship Vryheid, 1797j placed in Lnndie Church, Forfarshire, 1798, t^iken down> 1892. Badly cracked. Lent by Earl of Camperdown. HEEALDIC SECTION. IN THE GROUNDS. 230 Sundial — Carved stone Sundial showing a lion sejant supporting a shield in his forepaws. On pedestal, the Arms of Hugh R. Wallace of Busbie (for Wallace of Ellerslie of old). This Sundial is placed in front of the Palace of History. Another Sundial of white marble, after an old model, is placed further east. Lent by Stewart, M'Glashen & Son, Ltd., Sculptors, Edinburgh. ARMS ON THE EXHIBITION BUILDINGS. In the Music Court of the Palace of Industry will be seen the Royal Arms of Scotland before the Union of the Crowns ; above the door of the Palace of History is placed the Royal Crest of Scotland ; and on several buildings will be noticed small shields chargeil with the original arms of many old Scottish families The national badge — the Thistle — is also used on the buildings. FLAGS ON THE EXHIBITION BUILDINGS. As befits a Scottish National Exhibition, there are more examples of the National Flag— the blue banner with the white saltire cross of St. Andrew — than of any other. The British National Union Flag is also used extensively ; and on the Palace of History is hoisted the Banner of the King of Scots — the lion rampant and double tressure. The Banner of the Duke of Connaught will be displayed during the Royal visit on 3rd May, and thereafter will be shown in the Heraldic Section of the Palace of History. ATTENDANTS' UNIFORM. The attendants' uniform is of dark blue with white facings, bbe Thistle badge being used on the buttons, collar, and cap. APPENDIX. NOETH GALLERY. P. 43. No. 125a. Captain John Paton, the Covenanter. Portrait in Oil. Lent by Jas. G. Morton. P. 53. No. 162a. Prince Charles Edward. This portrait has been in the possession of the lender's family and their friends for about 150 }ears, and circumstances point to the possibility, at least, of tiie picture having been originally the property of Miss Walkinshaw. Painted 1748, by L. Tocque. Lent by J. G. Crichton. P. 80. Portraits from Windsor Palace. On Screen Wall, East Porch. 453b. Portrait of Henry, Lord Darnley, second husband of Mary Queen of Scots, and of his brother Charles, the father of Arabella Stewart. At the top of the picture is the following inscrip- tion : 'Thes be the Sones of the Right Honerables The Erie of Lenoxe and the Lady Margaret Grace Countes of Lenoxe Ad Angwyse'; and beneath the figures to the right: 'Henry Stewarde Lord Darley and Dowglas, aetatis, 17'; and to the left: 'Charlies Stewarde his Brother aetatis 6.' On front of the dais is the date "1563." On the cross-rail of the table is the monogram of the painter "H F," for Heere Fecit, as it appears on the same artist's portrait of Queen Mary Tudor, 1554, in the possession of the Society of Antiquaries of London ; on his other portrait of that Queen, dated the same year, in the possession of Lord Chesham at Latimer ; on his " Allegorical Picture of Queen Elizabeth," 1569, at Hampton Court ; and on his portrait of Mary Nevill, Lady Dacre, in the possession of Sir Thomas Barrett Lennard, Bait. Heere sometimes marked his works with another monogram, viz., " L H F," for Lucas Heere Fecit, as in the case of his portrait of " Frances, Duchess of Suffolk, and Adrian Stoke," 1559, formerly at Strawberry Hill, and afterwards in the possession of the Rev. Mr. Finch of Oakham, now the property of Colonel Wynne Finch. This interesting picture of Lord Darnley belonged to Charles I., from whose Collection it was sold during the Commonwealth. The entry regarding it runs as follows : " The Lord Darnley with his brother, at length in little, sold to Mr. Murray as appraised, 23d Oct. 1651, for £6" (Inventory folio, 142). There was also a larger similar picture formerly in Windsor Palace, which was sent, by command of Her late Majesty, Queen Victoria, to Holyrood. The above picture is the original and the best. The head of Darnley was engraved by Vertue from tliis picture. The inscribed date is contemporary, as, perhaps, is also the inscription. As Darnley was eighteen years of age on 1110 APPENDIX December 7th, 1563, the picture was probably painted before that month. Darnley and his parents were then in London, whence he set out in the spring of 1565 to join his father at the court of Mary Queen of Scots. His brother Charles married in 1574" Elizabeth Cavendish, by whom he had a daughter, the ill-fated Lady Arabella, and died in 1577. J. M. G. Darnley was the son of Matthew Stewart, Earl of Lennox, by Margaret, daughter of Archibald, Earl of Angus (No. 453c) and Margaret, daughter of Henry VIL (No. 13). Consequently he was, next to Mary Queen of Scots, the nearest heir to the Crown of England (not of Scotland). He was born in 1545, married Queen Mary in 1565, was priA^y to the murder of Rizzio in 1566, and was himself murdered in 1567. 453c. Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus ; second husband of Margaret, widow of King James IV. (see No. 13). He wears on a chain a heart, the cognisance of his house since the heart of Robert the Bruce was entrusted to the good Sir James of Douglas. Painted by Cloriet (otherwise called Janet). 453d. James V., King of Scotland ; born in 1512, son of James IV. and Margaret Tudor ; proclaimed competent to rule in 1524 ; escaped from the control of Angus, and confiscated the western Douglas estates, 1528 ; pacified the Western Isles ; and, by help of the clergy, broke the exorbitant power of the nobles ; insti- tuted the Court of Session, 1532 ; urged in vain by Henry VII 1. to support the Reformation, 1540 ; died of shame and vexation at the disgraceful rout of his army at Sol way Moss in 1542. He was father of Mary Queen of Scots (see also portrait of him in Swedo-Scottish Section, West Gallery, p. 200). Of his first wife, Madeleine, daughter of Francis I. of France, there is a portrait (photographic reproduction) in the Franco-Scottish Section, West Gallery, p. 194, No. 14. Of his second wife, Mary of Guise, there are two portraits in the Exhibition, viz. No. 17, North Gallery, p. 14, and in the Swedo-Scottish Section, No. 6, p. 200. P. 81. The following Note should preface the Pewter Section : A HISTORICAL NOTE ON PEWTER. The alloy known as pewter was made in very early times ; a set of Roman pewter vessels, probably part of a Christian Church service, was discovered near Stonehenge in 1897, and is now preserved in the British Museum. This Roman pewter has, by analysis, been discovered to be composed of tin and lead in the proportion of about 72 parts of the former to 26 of the latter. In later times other metals, such as copper^ APPENDIX 1111 brass, antimony, zinc, and bismuth, were used instead of or in addition to lead ; and since 1907, by Board of Trade Regulation, the amount of lead to be used in the manufacture of pewter measures is restricted to 10 per cent. From the Homan period onward the art of pewter-making was kept alive, and in the Middle Ages the greater part of the Church plate and domestic utensils were made of this metal. A Synod held at Rouen in 1074 expressly permitted the use of pewter as a substitute for gold or silver in the manufacture of Church vessels. This concession was accepted at Winchester in 1076, withdrawn in 1175, and once more tacitly adopted twenty years later ; and the use of pewter for sacramental vessels must have been general in England at certain periods, as, for instance, after most of the Church plate had been appropriated to pay the ransom of Richard Coeur de Lion, and again after the seizure of the monasteries by Henry VIII. In the Roman Catholic Church when pewter was used for the chalice the interior was probably always gilded, but this was not necessary in the case of the ciuets in which the wine and water were kept before being mingled, as their contents were then in an uncon- secrated condition. The Churches throughout Europe replaced pewter with silver as their revenues permitted ; Scotland, from its poverty, being perhaps the last country in wliich the humbler metal held its ground. In spite of the fact that pewter was apparently in common use in Scotland in the fourteenth century, and although the records of the Pewterers' Company of London go back to 1348, it was not till 1493 that Pewterers first became one of the crafts of the Edinburgh Incorporation of Hammermen ; and it is probable that before that date most of the pewter used in Scotland had been imported from France, Flanders, and Holland. For many years the Incorporation of Hammermen of Edin- burgh, Glasgow, Aberdeen, and otherScottish towns endeavoured, at first with complete success, to organise and protect the craft. In tlie sixteenth century Acts of Parliament were obtained requiring the marking of pewter with the maker's " touch " or private mark, and restricting its sale to the maker's own premises and to open markets, and various bye-laws were passed from time to time as to the examination of candidates for admission to the craft, for the prevention of advertising, and for sustaining the dignity and honour of the trade in otlier ways. In the seventeenth century the Incorporations began to lose control, and the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw the steady decline of the craft and the creeping in of various abuses. Just as the " treen " platter had been driven out by the pewter plate, so was the latter in turn replaced by earthenware, and the increasing cheapness of glass, crockery, and china, with the invention of Britannia metal and German silver, completed the rout, till pewter was driven from the kitchens of the people. The Pewterers' occupation was gone. The last touch- mark registered at Pewterers' Hall is dated 1824, and now the 1112 APPENDIX trade has become practically extinct, except that a few firms still make pewter measures for public-houses. The Church vessels, the domestic plates, spoons, candlesticks, pepper-pots, and the hundred and one other articles of daily use are now all made of other materials, and the old pewter vessels, relieved from active service, have properly become objects of interest to those who study the life of the past. L. C. P. 106. No. 4. The Dunvegan Cup. The inscription as given in text is according to Sir Walter Scott. The inscription is in two divisions round the rim, and was made by him to read across, which had the effect of adding 500 years to the age of the cup. In Skene's ' Celtic Scotland,' vol. III. p, 356, that Antiquary gives as the correct reading, the rendering in two divisions as follows : "Katharine MacEannal, wife of John Macguire, Lord of Fermanagh, caused me to be made in the year of our Lord 1493. The eyes of all hope in Thee, O Lord, and Thou givest them food in due season." The following should be read as on page 143 of Catalogue. PERSONAL RELICS. CASE 13. 203 Book with Autograph of John Paterson, both as Bishop of Edinburgh, 1679, and Archbishop of Glasgow, 1687. Legend a, vt vocant, sev sanctorum sanctarumque vitae .... opera Claudij k Rota .... Lyons, 1554. Leut by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 204 Book given to the Cathedral Library of Aberdeen by Alexander Galloway, rector of Kinkell, well known as a benefactor of the church in Aberdeen. He had much to do with church building in the north. Opera B. Fvlgentii Rvspensis Item opera Maxentii lohannis [Colophon, Basel, Henricus Petrus, 1528.] On title page, in Galloway's hand : Liber ecclesie cathedralis aberdonensis dono venerabilis viri magistri Alexandri Gallouay a Kynkell a° 1532 teste manu propria. Lent by the Leighton Library, Dunblane. 205 Dn. Georgii Wicelii Postilla, hoc est, enarratio epistolarvm et evangeliorvm de tempore et de Sanctis per totum annum, Latine sedulo reddita per Gerardum Lorichium Hadamarien Coloniae, loannis Qventel, 1553. Belonged to Robert Raid, Abbot of Kinloss and Bishop of Orkney, then to John Lesley, Bishop of Ross, and then given by him to William Gordon, Bishop of Aberdeen. APPENDIX 1113 Armorial book stamp of Robert Reid on cover with inscription + robertvs reid epvs orchaden . et abbas a KYNLOS , 1558. William Gordon's autograph on title page. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 206 Book with Autograph of James Sharp, Archbishop of St. Andrews, when Minister of Crail. Scisma d'Inghilterra con altre operette del Sig. Bernardo Davanzati Florence, 1638. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 207 A copy of Baxter's " Saints' Rest," with the Autograph of the notorious Duke of Lauderdale, who has also written a quotation from Horace opposite the first title page. Second title : The saints everlasting rest : or, a treatise of the blei^sed state of the saints in their enjoyment of God in glory .... By Richard Baxter, teacher of the church of Kederminster in Worcestershire. 7th ed. London, 1658. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 203 Book with a remarkable and perhaps unique early variety of book plate. Across the lower pai t of title page is pasted a narrow strip of paper on which is printed : Ex libris domini Roberti Reid, Abbatis h Kynlos. Another of Reid's books is No. 205, with his armorial stamp on cover. loan .... Damasceni .... opera .... loanne Oecolanipadio interprete. Basileae . . . . Petrvs. [1535.] Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 209 Book presented by Oxford University to David Lindsey, bishop of Ross when he went to England with James VI. Academiae Oxoniensis pietas erga .... lacobvm Angliae Scotiae Franciae et Hiberniae Regem .... Oxford, 1603. On title page in MS. partly cut off : Venerabili viro, Dauidi Lindseo episcopo Ross [ensi . . . .] Acgidemia oxon : D : D, lo Hawcon vicecan : ox ... . Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 210 A true copy of the .... Acts of the Generall Assemblies of the Church of Scotland 1638 1649 n.p. [? Rotter- dam, 1682]. In MS. on title page : Jo : Glasgow. Novr : 1689. pret: 03—02—0. Autograph of John Paterson, Archbishop of Glasgow, with note of price paid for the book, viz. £3. 2s. Scots. Lent by the Diocese of Aberdeen. 211 Book which belonged to Robert Kilgour, bishop of Aberdeen, one of the consecrators of Samuel Seabury, the first American bishop, 1784, bearing his autographs as a school- boy. Logica, sive ars cogitandi .... London, 1682. Lent bv F. C. Eeles, 1114 APPENDIX 212 Book which belonged to Robert Kilgoiir, and bears his auto- graph of a later period. See 211. The cases of scandal and persecution .... William Assheton, London, 1674. Lent by the Diocesan Library, Aberdeen. 213 A relation of the conference betweene William Lawd, then, Lrd. Bishop of St. David's, now. Lord Archbishop of Canter- bury : and Mr. Fisher the Jesuite by the sayd William, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury. London, 1639. Laud's own copy, with his armorial book stamp on the binding. 214 Relics of Covenanting martyrs, found when erecting Corsegel- loch Monument. Lent by David Reid. 214a Case, containing portion of hair and part of a pawkie or mitten taken from the body of one of the Corsegelloch martyrs shot there in 1685. Lent by Ivy Campbell. 215 Buckles (shoe, garter, and belt) which belonged to Simon, Lord Lovat, who was beheaded in 1747. Lent by Mrs. J. C. M. Ogilvie Forbes. 216 Spanish Rapier. Found when re-building Craighead House, Lesmahagow, about 50 years ago. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 217 Sword of James Wilson of Strathaven, the Radical, and borne by him at the Rising on 5th April, 1820, for which he was hanged and beheaded at Glasgow on 30th August of the same year. He thus refers to this sword in his narrative of the part he played in the expedition : " Glasgow Jail-Iron Room 29th August 1820. . . . They threatened to blow out my brains if I did not accompany them. I said I had no arms, when the person noticed the blade of a sword which had no hilt and was broken at the point, and which I used as a bow for my stocking frame, and they observed ' I might take it.' At length, carrying this useless blade with me, we left my house for Glasgow." See No. 40, p. 511. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 218 Sword, with basket hilt, which belonged to the Covenanter Muir of Cairn, New Cumnock, Ayrshire. He fought at Drumclog. The sword has three short grooves on each side of the blade, and is inscribed, " Andreia Farara " and with the legend Soli Deo Gloria." Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 219 Sword, with basket hilt, which belonged to the Covenanter Clarkson of Wiston. The sword blade has the name ''Andrea" on one side, on the other Ferara," with fox of Passau engraved. Lent by J. B. Dalzell, APPENDIX 1115 220 Sword, with basket hilt, which belonged to the Covenanter Paterson of Avondale. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. 221 Priest's gown, gathered at the back, plain in front, and made to fasten at the neck, with sleeves tight at the wrist. Used by John Skinner, Episcopal clergyman at Longside, Aber- deenshire, c. 1750 — the poet and historian who wrote " Tullochgoriim," which Burns characterised as the best Scottish song ever written. The surplice was not used by Episcopalians in Scotland till near the end of tlie 18th century, and the gown remained in use for all services in many places until well on in the 19th century. Lent by Miss Stewart Smith. 222 " Tullochgorum's " Prayer Book. Used by him in the Episcopal Church at Longside. The Book of Common Prayer . . . Cambridge, Baskerville, 1761. For the Scottish Communion Service as used by Skinner and the other Scottish Episco- palians of his day, see Case 16 in South Gallery. Lent by Miss Stewart Smith. 223 Book, with autograph of Sir Archibald Johnston of Warriston, clerk to the Glasgow General Assembly of 1638, afterwards one of the Scottish commissioners to the Westminster Assembly, executed for treason 1663. The protestation of the noblemen, barrons, geutlemen, borrowers, ministers, and commons, subscribers of the Confession of Faith and Covenant . . . made at . . . Edin- burgh, the 4. of Julij . . . 1638. n.p. 1638. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 224 De sacris ecclesiae ministeriis ac beneficiis libri viii. . . . Item, prolibertate ecclesiae Gallicae aduersus Ronianam aulam Defensio Parisiensis curiae Ludouico XI . . . oblata. Authore Francisco Duareno lureconsulto. . . . Parisiis apud Andream Wechelum, 1557. Belonged to Alexander Beaton, Archdeacon of Lothian, and bears his armorial stamp on cover with inscrip- tion + ALEXANDER BETOVN ARCHIUI ACON VS LAVDONl^ . 1556. Lent by the Dean and Chapter of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh. 226 Piece of marble and fragment of coffin from the tomb of King 227 Robert the Bruce in Dunfermline Abbey Church. These belonged to the Kev. Dr. Chalmers, who was present at the discovery of the tomb. Lent by The Carnegie Dunfermline Trust Museum. 228 Photograph of early book-stamp of William Stewart, bishop of Aberdeen, 1532-1545, with his arms, printed in ink upon leaves near the beginning of certain books in the University Library, Aberdeen. Lent by F. C. Eeles. 1116 APPENDIX Three folio volumes of the original letters received by Professor Andrew Dalzel, Professor of Greek in the University of Edinburgh, during his successful canvass for the appoint- ment of Clerk to the General Assembly, 1788-89. His opponent was the Eev. Dr. Alexander Carlyle of Inveresk. About 430 letters from the leading noblemen, clergymen, and laymen of the day. Lent by J. B. Dalzell. P. 105, No 37. Silver Baptismal Laver and Basin, date 1674. Lent by the Kirk Session of Canongate Parish Church, Edinburgh. P. 122, No. 1. Should read "Small Silver Measure," engraved 'Suddie. (Charles I.) Inverness, about 1640. Lent by Wilson & Sharp. P. 122, No. 5. Should read "Small Companion Measure," engraved 'Galalaw.' (George III.) Edinburgh, 1802. Lent by Wilson & Sharp. P. 122, No. 11. Should read "Two fine Aberdeen Mugs," by George Coupar. (George II.), 1730. From Pittodrie House collection. Lent by Wilson & Sharp. P. 123, No. 17. Should read "Small Silver Quaich," by A. Kincaid, Edinburgh. (George I.), about 1715. Lent by Wilson & Sharp. P. 123, No. 22. Should read "Silver Quaich," by A. Kincaid, Edin- burgh. (George I.), about 1716. Lent by Wilson & Sharp. P. 134. Alison Exhibits : Adam Smith — medallion by Tassie. Mary Queen of Scots — medallion by Henning. Dugald Stewart — medallion by Hen- ning. James Gregory — medallion by T;issie. Lent by Sir Archibald Alison. COLLECTION OF ANTIQUE SCOTTISH JEWELLERY. Case No. I2b. P. 142, No. 93. 2 Silver Heart Brooches. Lent by Dr. M'Gillivray. P. 142, No. 94. Circular Brooch of Brass, rudely engraved. Lent by Dr. M'Gillivray. P. 142, No 95. Circular Brooch of Silver, engraved and inlaid with niello. Diam. 3in. Dated 1779. Lent by Miss M'Dougall. APPENDIX 1117 P. 142, No. 96. Circular Brooch of Brass, engraved with chevron and the three-concentric-circle ornament. Inscribed E. I. 1778. Diam. 2 in. Lent by Banff Museum. Note. — For similar examples see No. 531, etc., in Case No. 8, p. 132. Case xVo. 12a. P. 142, No. 97. Circular Brooch of Silver, inscribed jhesus nazarenus AVE MARIA ORA ETC. Diam. If in. 14th cent. Lent by Gavin Hamilton. P. 149, No. 95. Circular Brooch of Silver which belonged to Flora M'Donald. Lent by Alexander Skene. 0)1 Floor. Telescope with which Professor Wilson investigated the spots on the sun. Lent by the Kt. Hon. James Parker Smith. Copying Press which belonged to James Watt. Lent by Robert Caird. Balance and Letter Weights which belonged to James Watt. Lent by the Museum, Greenock. The First Locomotive made in England. Constructed at Red- ruth, Cornwall, in 1784, by William Murdoch, the inventor of gas lighting. Lent by Messrs. Tangye. Drum carried by the Covenanters at Drumclog. (At end of Case 15.) Lent by John S. Napier. WEST GALLERY. P. 195, No. 32a. Adoration of the Magi. Miniature by Fouquet in Book of Hours of Estienne Chevalier, Treasurer General of France, 1455. The Figures represent Charles VII. and his Scots Guards. Original in the Conde Museum, Chateau de Chantilly. P. 302, No. 89. Treasure Chest of the Darien Expedition. Through this chest in the last years of the 17th century passed no less a sum than four hundred thousand pounds— half of the whole circulating capital of Scotland at that time. The loss of that amount, on the collapse of the Ex])edition, was not only a huge national disaster, but, as it was believed to be the work of the English Government, accounted largely for Scottish hostility to the Union with England a few years afterwards. Lent by the Bank of Scotland. 1118 APPENDIX MID GALLERY. Wall Case No. 4. P. 401. Frame coiitaiuiiig the last speech of Baillie of Jerviswood upon the scalfold. Lent by Dr. Thomas Ross. P. 422. Wall Case lYo. 5. No. 1a. Holograph Letter of King James VI. dated from Holyrnid House the 13th Dec, 1592, addressed to "or Traist Freinds the Baillies and Councillors of or Burge of Dumbartone." No. 2a. Letter from the Regent Murray of 7th January, 1569. No. 3a. Deed of Gift by the Baillies and Councillors of Dumbarton of the Chapel of the Blessed Virgin Mary with the lands, &c., to Isabella Duchess of Albany and Countess of Lennox for the purpose of the erection of a Collegiate Church in Dum- barton, dated 11th May, 1453. Lent by Town Council of Dumbarton. Case No. 4. P. 435, Album of MSS. from Balnagown. Book of the Baron Courts of Balnagown. Lent by Sir Charles Ross, Bart. Case No. 27. P. 475. Append to No. 3 {g) the following note: " In the interesting notes in the Memorial Catalogue of the Old Glasgow Exhibition, 1894, it is stated, ' This is a manuscript copy of David Dickson's Expositio Analytica Omnium Apostolicarum Epistolarum,' published in 1645, Some slight variations indicate that this copy was made prior to the publication of the printed volume. Probably the book rei)resents the Professor's dictata or lectures, and the MS. is a student's copy of these. Dickson's ' Brief Exposition of the Gospel according to Matthew ' was printed within Hutchesons' Hospital in 1647." P. 475. {a) Notarial Instrument upon the '"''Appointment" of "disci^etus vir Dus. Jacobs HylV to the parsonage of the Parish of Govan, taken in the hands of " Johannes Wythirspoun presbit: Glesgeun. Dioes publicut apostolica auctoritate Notarius." 14th June, 1549. (6) Notarial Certificate of the Confirmation of the above appointment of James Hill to the Parsonage of Govan, inter alios by the Archdeacon of Saint Andrews and the Rector of Glasgow ; under the hands of Nicolaus Witherspoun. I7th June, 1549. (c) Notarial Instrument upon the IiistaUation of the said James Hill— whose "election" is said to have been under the hand and seal, " Venerablis vir Mgr. Walter Beatoun, APPENDIX 1119 Canon of Glasgow and Govan " — to said parsonage. 19th June, 1549. {d) Copy Precept^^ addressed to the " Commissionar within the Bounds of Eenfrew" by the King, namand and wppoyntand James Hill to the Parsonage of ErsHns, vacand throw tlie deceis of umquhil James Stewart." Leith, 17th February, 1571. (e) Call, dated 9th November, 1749, by the Heritors and Elders of the Baron?/ Parish of Glasgow, to the Reverend Mr. Laurence Hill, one of the Ministers of Kilmarnock, " to be Minister of the Barony Kirk and Parish, and to the pastoral charge of Oar Souls, earnestly entreating you to accept this our unanimous call, and promising all Duty-full subjection and obedience to you in the Lord." P. 476. Append to No. 7 the following : " Containing inter alia, " (/) Original Patent dated 9th July, 1676, by the Lyon King of Armes to the effect ' that the Coatt Armour, appertaining and belonging to Master Ninian Hill of Lambhill, approven of and confirmed by me to him to matriculat in my said publict register upon this date and daitt of thir presents and in tliis b'azoned.' "Ninian Hill's Matriculation of Arms was the involuntary result of his imprisonment in Edinburgh Castle along with the Hamiltons of Aikenhead, Westburn, and Neilsland, Ward- rop of Dalmarnock, Corbet of Hardgray, and other west country lairds, for attending Conventicles and hearing 'outed' Ministers. "(,9') General Katour of the Service of Ninian Hill of Lambhill to his father, Ninian Hill also of Lambhill and Gairbraid, 'apud Castrum de Mugdock ' before John Graharae, Bailie of the Kegalitie of Montrose, 25th March, 1686." Lent by Wm. H. Hill, LL.D. Case No. 33. P. 503. Old Railway Ticket between Edinburgh and Glasgow. Lent by William C. Cockburn. EAST GALLERY. P. 596. Set of 12 Hydrostatic Beads for testing spirits, before tlie invention of the Hydrometer. Lent by Norman M. MacKean. P. 652, Add 93a. Map. Junction of Brown's River with the Punt- ledge Convoy. Lent by Mrs. Robert Brown. P. 655, Add 131 A. Portrait of J. E. Davis, R.N., Master of "Terror." P. 655, Add 13lB. Water Colour Painting of Ship and Iceberg. By J. E. Davis, R.N. P. 691, No. 121. Quaich, said to have belonged to Rob Roy. Lent by J. R. MacGregor, P. 753, No. 23, add Wine Glass, see No. 136, page 750, 1120 APPENDIX On Floor. Wooden Charter Box. Lent by Fife, Kinross and Clackmannan Charitable Society. Old Trunk with hair-skin covered lid, inside which is pasted a print with verses eulogising Adam Low of Fordel (Parish of Arangask), Provost of Dunfermline, who died 19th Sept., 1817. Lent by the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust. Straw Plaiting Machine. Lent by Miss Frances P. Anderson. Samples of Straw Plaiting. These samples are all "hand- done" and are examples of an obsolete Orkney industry. This actual exhibit was prepared for the great Exhibition of 1851, at which it obtained a medal, also enclosed in the case with the straw plaiting. Lent by Mrs. Duguid. STAIRCASE. In Vestibule at foot of Staircase. Black and White Drawings. 1. House of James Ewing, Dean of Guild, 1831. 2. House of Alexander Oswald of Shieldhall. 3. The Black House, which stood at the corner of Queen Street and Argyle Street. 4. The Last of the Piazzas. Tenement on north side of Princes Street, taken down in 1894. Lent by the Trustees of the late J. O. Mitchell. BALCONY- SOUTH GALLERY. P. 7 8 4, No. 169a. Bismer from Orkney. Lent by Gilbert Goudie. SOUTH GALLERY. P. 886, No. 28a. Add "Eleven Royal Caledonian Curling Club Medals won by the Del vine Curling Club, 1846-1891. Lent by the Delviue Curling Club. Since 1846 this Club has not lost a single Parish medal. P. 886, No. 28b. Medal of the Warrender Curling Club, 1861. Lent by Ellis Isaacs. P. 921. Slate mould for casting mountings for sun-dials, from Aberdeenshire. Lent by J. Graham Callander. ERECTION AND GOVERNMENT OF SCOTTISH BURGHS. {This note should he read in connection ivith the Burghal Relics catalogued on pages 942-952.) The first legislation we have in Scotland relative to the Customs and Government of Burghs is believed to have originated as early as the reign of David I., 1124-1153. Later APPENDIX 1121 statutes said to emanate from the Court of Four Burghs, viz. Edinburgli, Stirling, Berwick, and Roxburgh, have been assigned to the year 1405. The Convention of Royal Burghs seems to have taken its origin from the Court of Four Burghs. By statute of the Scottifih Parliament of 1487, Royal Burghs were ordained to meet by Commissioners, once a year, to discuss questions connected with trade and the general welfare of the public, and to suggest remedial measures. The Convention still meets annually. There are five kinds of Burghs in Scotland, viz. Royal Burghs, Burghs of Regality, Burghs of Barony, Parliamentary Burghs (since 1832), and Police Burghs (since 1850). Royal Burghs held their lands and privileges direct from the King, and the burgesses paid their rents and custom duty to the Crown. According to the old burgh laws, and sometimes their charters, the Magistrates and Common Councils were, prior to 1469, elected annually by the free suffrage of the burgesses, but by Acts of the Scottish Parliament of 1469 and 1474, it was ordained that the old Council should choose the new, that the new and old Councils should choose the Magistrates and other ofhcers, and that four persons out of the old should be chosen yearly into the new Council. These statutes were not always strictly adhered to, but it was the general rule that from 1469 till the passing of the Municipal Reform Act of 1832, the ordinary inhabitants of a Royal Burgh had no vote in the election of the Magistrates and Council. Royal Burghs from the earliest times possessed a wide jurisdiction, both in civil and criminal cases, though in consequence of modern legislation and practice, the exercise of that jurisdiction has fallen largely into desuetude. The Royal Burghs are at present sixty -six in number. Burghs of Regality were likewise created under the authority of the Crown, but the burgesses held their possessions of an ititermediate superior, the lord of the regality, and not of the sovereign. Some Burghs of Regality, of which Glasgow, previous to its becoming a Royal Burgli, in 1611, was a notable example, possessed nearly all the privileges of Royal Burghs. Burghs of Barony were Municipalities governed by a Provost, Bailies, and Town Councillors who, prior to the Town Council Act of 1900, were either nominated by the Superior or chosen by the inhabitants, according to tlie powers conferred by their charters. Parliamentary Burghs. By the 30th Section of the Act, 3 and 4 Wm. IV., Cap. 77, an Act constituting Parliamentary Burghs (fifteen in number), the Magistrates of said Burghs are given all the rights, powers, authorities, and jurisdictions possessed by the Magistrates and Councils of Royal Burghs, with the exception that it is provided that the Magistrates of said Parliamentary Burghs shall not have the power of trying persons charged with crimes punishable with death or trans- portation. Until the creation of Parliamentary Burghs only Royal Burghs in Scotland had Parliamentary representation. Police Burghs were constituted, for police purposes, under powers conferred by Ceneral Police Acts, the first of which 2n 1122 APPENDIX was passed in 1850. The Magistrates have no civil jurisdiction, and their criminal jurisdiction, at Common Law, was limited to that of imposing penalties not exceeding Five Pounds, or to passing sentences of imprisonment for periods not exceeding sixty days. Under the Summary Jurisdiction (Scotland) Act, 1908, the Magistrates of all Burghs may now impose penalties not exceeding Ten Pounds for Common Law offences. John Ord. P. 942, Case No. 25. Set of Copper Weights. Lent by William M'Farlane. P. 956, No. 13. Carved Oak High-back Chair, said to be from Falkland Palace. Lent by Theodore Napier. P. 956, No. 14. Chair made from beams of old gallows of Paisley, with brass nameplate showing list of those executed thereon. Lent by Alexander Morrison. P. 989, Case 9. Confession of Faith. Lent by A. M. Fletcher of Saltoim. On Floor. Figure-head of "Forfarshire," the wreck of which was occasion of the heroic i escue by Grace Darling and her father, 7th Sept., 1838. Lent by Dundee Free Library Committee. Case 27. Old Bible. Lent by the Kirk Session of the High Church, Glasgow. EEKATA. NORTH GALLERY. P. 15, No. 20. On 9tli line read " 1605" for " 1506." P. 16, No. 25. On 7th line read " 1621 " for " 1623." P. 20, No. 35. The third line of verse in " Napier's Life," p. 492 reads : "I'm hopeful thou'lt recover once my dust." P. 26, No. 56. Should read " Sir William " instead of " Sir George." P. 26, No. 57. Date of marriage should read " 1610" instead of " 1614," as the marriage contract is dated 22nd November, 1610. P. 27, No. 60. On 4th line should read "1605" instead of "1600." It does not appear as if there was such a peerage as " Lord Panmure, 1632." P. 28, No. 65. For further particulars, consult Old Glasgow Exhibition Memorial Catalogue, 1894, No. 31. P. 28, No. 66. Portrait of Bishop Forbes should read " Lent by the University of Aberdeen." P. 32, No. 87. Frances Theresa Stuart, Duchess of Lennox. Painted by W. Wissing and Van der Yaart, not Lely. P. 33, No. 88a. a curious and interesting letter by the late Very Reverend Principal Story, D.D., relative to the blanket in which the body of Argyll was wrapped after his execution, appeared in "The Scotsman" of 15th August, 1905, following an article on " The Passing and Rest of Argyle," which appeared a few days earlier in that paper. P. 35, No. 94. " Balnagamo " should read " Balnagarrow." P. 38, No. 105. The name on the last line of the entry should read " Robert Adam " instead of " William Adair." See Anderson's "Scottish Nation," vol. i, p.".191 ; Groom's "Gazetteer of Scot- land," vol. ivj'p. 274. P. 43, No. 122. The portrait from Saltoun is not exhibited. P. 46, No. 134. Insert at end of entry "Painted by Sir John de Medina." For " Rojal College "of Physicians of Edinburgh" read " Royal College of Surgeons" etc. P. 54, No. 167. Portrait of Rev. John Brown, Haddington, the last line of this should read "Great-grandfather of Dr. John Brown, etc." P. 54, No. 168. On first line, for "son" read "brother"; and for "Miss Dinwoodie" read " Miss Dinwiddie." P. 57, No. 176. On 9th line, the date should read "1776" instead of "1766." P. 57, No. 177 (Robert Simson), should read "Lent by the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College." 1124 ERRATA P. 78, No. 442, should read " Lent by the Faculty of Actuaries." P. 82, No. 18. "Lidded Measure" should read " Unlidded Measure." P. 84. Note on " 'Tap])it-Hen ' Measures " should be signed " H. E. M.", and not " L. C." P. 100, No. 254, should read "Lent by Mrs. Warren." P. 114, No. 77, should read " Lent by Mrs. Young." P. 114. No. 78, should read "One Table Fork. Lent by Mrs. Young." P. 116, No. 115, should read " Lent by Dr. M. T. MacKenzie." P. 122, No. 10, should read " Lent by Wilson and Sharp." P. 126, No. 455b, should read " Lent by Archibald A. Speirs." P. 127, No. 465b. Miniature. By Samuel Shelly. P. 127, No. 470b. Portrait of a Gentleman. This miniature has been discovered to be the copy of a portrait of Sir Anthony Vandyke, as a young man, painted by himself. P. 128, Nos. 472b and 473b. Miniatures. These are by John Bogle. P. 128, No. 480b. Portrait of Mrs. Mary Hume, niece of David Hume. By George Simpson, painted in 1799. P. 129, No. 487. Should be "Lent by Mrs. Bayley." P. 130, No. 505 and 506. Should read " Lent by The High Constables of Edinburgh." P. 132, No. 538. Should read " Lent by the Earl of Galloway." P. 132, No. 540. Should read "Lent by J. Belfrage Black." P. 138, No. 26. Should read " Lent by Forres Museum." P. 145, No. 29 (Peden's Cup). Should read " Lent by Mrs. Andrew." P. 147, No. 53. "New" Chevalier should read "Young" Chevalier. P. 147, No. 58. Should read " Ring worn by Prince Charlie, with a miniature of his father and his father's sister." P. 155, No. 171. "Jane Welsh" should read "John Welsh." P. 158, No. 11. In this entry, omit the words "along with two autograph Letters by Scott." For these Letters see p. 162, No. 55. P. 159, No. 23. Should read "Lent by T. W. Dewar." P. 163, No. 66. For entry as printed, substitute the following : " Autograph Poems, Letters, etc., by James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd : A Pastoral Love Scene. A Night Piece. Prayers for Sabbath Morning and Evening. First Draft of ' The Lark ' and Letter connected with it, and seal. Lent by Alexander Skene." P. 164, Nos. 78 and 79. Should read " Lent by T. W. Dewar." P. 165, No. 85. For "his Castle Street house," read "Mr. Cadell's house." P. 165, No. 88. for " 112" read " 168." P. 165, No. 93. Is lent by the Dumfries and Maxwelltown Observatory Committee. P. 166, No. 99. The figures "113" on last line of entry should read "1831." ERRATA 1125 WEST GALLERY. P. 198, No. 74, Suit of Armour, is in Case No. 3. P. 212. Nos. 10 to 14 not exhibited. P. 217, Nos. 52 and 54 should read "Lent by Alexander Blair." P. 219, No. 75, should read "Lent hy Alexander Blair." P. 230, No. 248, should read "Print of Major Colin Campbell of Kilberry." P. 237, Nos. 320 and 321, should read "Alexander Garrioch." P. 237, No. 322, for "Lion Rampant" read the " Cross of St. Audrew." P. 238, No. 333, should read Model of an old fiigate fully ligged and shewing her guns. It was cut out and rigged by a French prisoner of war who was confined in the Tolbooth of Renfrew in the early days of last century. Lent by Royal Burgh of Renfrew." P. 250. Between line 134 and line 135 introduce the following : "Gold Coinage previous to the English Accession." P. 268, No. 71. Delete the words "gul: dux: cambriae. on a scroll below," and insert the words " The artist's name yeo. f. is in the." P. 281, No. 26. Not exhibited. P. 283, No. 50. Delete the number " 94 " and substitute the number "50." P. 285, No. 65. This exhibit should be marked "64," and the following item unnumbered should be marked "65." P. 291, Nos. 136 and 140. The brackets in the figures in these exhibits should not be present. P. 293, No. 156. The three dots in the figure should be removed and the letters "ket" substituted. P. 300, No. 44. "Miss Eraser" should read "Miss Erazer." P. 334, No. 57, should read "Lent by C. E. Whitelaw." P. 344, No. 142. For description see No. 124. P. 347, Nos. 15, 16 and 20. Should read "Lent by H. J. Stevenson." P. 348, Nos. 30, 31, 33 and 35. Should read "Lent by H. J. Stevenson." MID GALLERY. P. 351, No. 262, should read " Lent by The Lady Anne Speirs." P. 363, No. 317. Insert "Lent by Sir Archibald Campbell, Bart." P. 389, Nos. 126 to 132, should read "Lent by Dr. Thomas Ross and Alfred L. M'Gibbon." P. 390, No. 365a. Pencil drawing from life, by B. Lens, drawing master to the Duke of Cumberland. P. 391, No. 376, should read "Lent by Piancis AVellesley.' P. 397, No. 427, should read " James Tassie, Medallion by his nephew, William Tassie. Lent by C. Hope Murray, J un." P. 399, No. 1, should read "Lent by Mrs. Watt." 1126 EREATA P. 399, Wall case 3, Line 6. " Margaret Hope " should read " Margaret Law." P. 425, Nos. 208 to 217 inclusive, are in Case No. 9. P. 432, No. 32, should read " Lent by John Ord." P. 433, No. 12, should read "Lent by J. S. Gibb." P. 436, No. 44, should read " Lent by the Hon. Hew Dalrymple." P. 449. No. 1. Omit the word " Facsimile." P. 449, No. 2. Omit the words "which was" after "book-hand," and omit all the words after " minuscule." P. 450, No. 9. The reference at the end should be "Compare his Martial, No. IL" P. 465. No. 16, should read " Lent by J. Millen Adam." P. 477, No. 26 ought to be stated as "lent by the Patrons of Hutchesons' Hospital" instead of the "Merchants' House of Glasgow " ; and No. 27 as lent by the " Merchants' House of Glasgow " instead of the " Patrons of Hutchesons' Hospital." P. 478-9, case No. 28 should be " 29," and case No. 29 should be " 28." P. 503, No. 78 and 79, should read " Lent by Miss Frazer." P. 504, No. 83. Certificate Gretna Green Marriage, should be " Lent by T. G. Bishop." P. 505, No. 100, should read "Lent by J. Ferguson." P. 505, No. 101, should read " Lent by Miss Frazer." P. 515, Article 73c, should read " Lent by John Orr." On Floor. George Hutcheson's Iron Chest. (See No. 6, p. 476.) Lent by W. H. Hill, LL.D. EAST GALLERY. P. 552, line 16. "Janets Claro" should be "Sanets Claro." P. 561, Article No. 100. The word "Tainraver" should read " Tamrawer." P. 565, No. 40, should read " Lent by Miss M'Farlane." P. 567, No. 15, should read "Lent by Alexander Blair." P. 572, No. 72, should read "Lent by James A. Morris." P. 590, No. 390, should read " Lent by J. Graham Callander." P. 593, No. 19, should read " Lent by James A. Morris." P. 598, No. 14, should be "Iron Masking Pot." P. 600, No. 52, should read "Lent by J. Graham Callander." P. 604, No. 12, should be "Ploc" not "Ploe." P. 608, No. 86, should read " Lent by James A. Morris." P. 632, No. 2. Delete the words "her descendant." P. 633, Article No. 20, should read "a.d. 1810. Lent by J. C. M'Crindle." P. 637. Wall-cases " 8-12 " should read " 8-13." P. 649, No. 64. Medallion, not shown. P. 665, No. 40. The date is " 1900," not " 1800." ERRATA 1127 P. 666, No. 41. " Lecroft " should be " Lecropt." P. 666, No. 48. Delete " which " in first or second line. P. 667, No. 55, should be " The Fairy Token of Achnacone. Lent by Lt.-Col. A. K. Stewart of Achnacone." P. 678, No. 156, should read "Lent by Alexander Blair." P. 681, No. 210, should read "Lent by F. G. Gray." P. 682, No. 228, should read " Lent by Robert Lauder." P. 682, No. 229, should read "Lent by J. M'D. Black." P. 690, No. 97, should read " Lent by Mrs. K. L. MacDonald. P. 694, No. 59, should read " Lent by J. M'D. Black." P. 694, No. 63, should read " Lent by J. M'D. Black." P. 696. On 7th line from top of page put "eighth" instead of "ninth," and on tenth line read " Dirige, Doruinus mens " instead of " Domine, dirige nos." P. 701, No. 163, read "Ramp" instead of "Samp." P. 712, No. 80a, "Glass Case containing Silk Flag," should read "between cases 13 and 14." P. 724, No. 27a. " Ayrshire " should read " Aberdeenshire." P. 728, No. 63 and 67. "Ayrshire" should read "Aberdeenshire." P. 748, Nos. 98 and 99, should read " Lent by T. W. Dewar." P. 753, No. 20, should read "Diploma of John Brown, Genealogist, dated 19th April, 1802." STAIRCASE. P. 756, No. 527. " Covenanters Preaching," should read " Lent by John W. Scott." P. 757, No. 537, should read "Lent by Charles J. Forbes." P. 769, No. 661. Should read "View of Glasgow Cathedral. Water colour. By H. W. Williams, 1795. Lent by Miss J. Hutchison." P. 774, No. 23, should read " Lent by the Town Council of Falkirk." BALCONY. P. 783, Nos. 164 and 166, should read, "Lent by J. Seaton & Co." P. 807, No. 446. "Viking Helmet" should read "Cooking Pot, found in the Island of Sanday." Lent by J. W. Cursiter. PREHISTORIC GALLERY. P. 846, No. 6. "Ophir, Orkney," should read, "Orphir, Orkney." P. 846, No. 9. Stone Hammer. Found at Linthouse, Go van. SOUTH GALLERY. P. 901. "Caesar" should be "Cossar," in two places. P. 901, Case 219, delete " A.H.B." after introductory note. P. 901, Cases 219 and 220, insert " Lent by the Glasgow Golf Club." 1128 ERRATA P. 914-915, No. 401. Should read "Lent by Sir Thomas Burnett of Leys, Bart." P. 921, Line 3. "Dr. W. Gemmell " should read "John Houston, Kilbirnie." P. 942, No. 12. Should read " Sheriff Officer's Staff." P. 942, No. 14. Should read " Burgh of Calton Police Commissioner's White Rod of Office." P. 942, No. 16, insert after Two Bailies' Batons, "Burgh of Inver- keithing." P. 943, No. 30. Delete "Police Baton" and insert "Special Constable's Baton." P. 943, No. 35. Should read " Parish Constable's Baton." P. 945, No. 75. Delete the word "weight" after Hangman's, and insert the word "remuneration." P. 946, No. 77. Burgh Punch Bowl, insert "Lent by the Burgh of Kirkcudbright." P. 950, No. 150, should read "Lent by the Town Council of Forfar." P. 951, No. 165. Stocks, delete the words "Paldy Fair," and insert "last stocks used in Scotland." P. 951, No. 165. Should read "Lent by Charles George." P. 953, No. 2. Should read " coh • 1 • /baetasior/c • r. The first Cohort of the Baetasii, Roman Citizens [erected this Altar]"). Lent by Alexander Whitelaw. P. 953, No. 3. Should read " Lent by Alexander Whitelaw." P. 953, No. 4. Should read " Lent by Alexander Whitelaw." P. 966. Stool of Repentance, should read "Lent by the Kirk Session of Biggar." P. 969, No. 18. "Sand Glass from Meigle Parish Church," should read "Lent by J. M'D. Black." P. 972, No. 57, should read "Lent by Rev. John Livingstou." P. 983, No. 52. Should read " Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock." P. 986, No. 71a. Should read "Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock." P. 987, No. 73. Should read " Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock." P. 993, 994, No. 43. Should read "Lent by Dr. Hay Fleming." P. 1007, line 14. "Dumfries" should read "Drumfries." P. 1020, No. 43. Should read " Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock." P. 1024, No. 67. Should read "Lent by Rev. J. Sturrock." P. 1097, No. 5, should read "Lent by the Rt. Hon. Loid Howard of Glossop." P. 1104, No, 48, should read "Lent by J. M'D. Black." INDEX OF LENDERS. Abercorn, Kirk-Session of, South Queensferry, 970. Aberdalgie Parish Church, Perthshire, 88, 92, Aberdeen, The Diocese of, 1071, 1085. Aberdeen Diocesan Library, 978, 983, 985, 986, 1025, 1026, 1030, 1038, 1044, 1074, 1075, 1076, 1085, 1088, 1089, 1109, 1110. Aberdeen, Earl of, Haddo House, Aberdeen, 29, 30, 34, 35, 38, 105, 847, 874. Aberdeen Grammar School, Aberdeen, 913, 916, 917. Aberdeen Incorporated Trades, Aberdeen, 550, 965. Aberdeen Kirk-Session, 956. Aberdeen Public Library, Aberdeen, 539. Aberdeen Tailors' Incorporation, 305. Aberdeen Town Council, Aberdeen, 43, 71, 223, 926, 946, 950, 952, 956, 961, 1103. Aberdeen Trades' Hospital, 957. Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, 11, 12, 22, 23, 25,28, 37, 38, 40, 104, 142, 145, 150, 215, 217, 314, 333, 339, 340, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 563, 569, 571, 576, 577, 578, 579, 581, 582, 584, 587, 589, 590, 596, 607, 613. 616, 617, 624, 627, 628, 629, 631, 659, 661, 675, 679, 687, 690, 700, 913, 917,926, 943, 948, 949, 963, 972, 977, 984, 1027, 1044, 1099, 1106. Aberdeen University Library, 976, 977, 978, 979, 980, 981, 982, 984. Aberdeen University Museum, Aberdeen, 124, 553, 726, 728, 865, 866. Adair, Sir Frederick, Bart., Flixton Hall, Bungay, Suffolk, 344. Adam, William, 2 Reidhaven Street, Banff, 131, 556, 561, 575, 576, 605, 606, 614, 616, 687, 692, 693, 697, 942. Adamson, Roberts, VV. S. , 98 Irish Street, Dumfries, 178, 299. Adamson, Rev. T. N., Broughty Ferry, 28. Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, 480, 516, 976, 983. Affleck, J. 0., M.D., LL.D., 38 Heriot Row, Edinburgh, 165. Ailsa, The Most Hon. the Marquis of, Culzean Castle, Maybole, 12, 29, 79, 237, 304, 306, 465, 853. Aird & Thomson, 108. Airlie, Countess of, Cortachy Castle, 23, 25, 26, 28, 362, 364. Aitken, Miss Janet M., 2 Woodlands Terrace, Glasgow, 706, 707, 709, 723, 725, 728, 729. Ake, Mr. (Belfrage), 202. Aldenham, Lord, 37 Portland Place, London, 1056. Alexander, Lieut. -Col. E. M. Maine, Bridge-of-Allan, 61, 216. Alexander, Misses, 12 Queen's Crescent, 623, 744, 773. Alexander, J. B., 17 Albert Drive, Queen's Park, 393. Alexander, T. G., Winningmore, 6 Maitland Avenue, Langside, Glasgow, 177. Alison, Sir Archibald, Possil House, Copse Hill, Wimbledon, 134, 359, 360, 367, 549. Alison, Mrs. Arthur, 3 Moray Place, Edinburgh, 355, 774. Allan, Major F. W., 2 Queen's Terrace, Glasgow, 750. Allan, Mrs. James, 18 Mary well Street, Aberdeen, 139. Allan, John, Albert Place, Stirling, 398, 505, 593, 594, 597, 598, 599, 614, 617, 619, 620, 621, 704. Allan, P. P., 7 Kenmure Street, Pollokshields, Glasgow, 941. Allison, Mrs., Rosemount, Castlehead, Paisley, 636. Alloa Archaeological Society, 328, 552, 553, 575, 600, 607, 609, 730. Alloa, The Museum, 881, 967, 970. 1130 INDEX OF LENDERS Almond, Dr. Hely Hutchison, Lynvale, St. Mark's Place, Bath, 180. Alston, James Stirling, Eedhouse, Ayr, 924. Alva Parish Church, BanflFshire, 104. Anderson, G. B., c/o Wilson & Sharp, Princes Street, Edinburgh, 122. Anderson, Miss Francis P., Barskimming, Mauchline, Ayrshire, 1115. Anderson, Harvie, 14 Eton Place, Glasgow, 309, 558, 598, 675, 678, 948. Anderson, Ex-Provost J. N., of Stornoway, 846. Anderson, Lady M'Call, 69. Anderson, M. Douglas, Ashbourne, Milliken Park, Glasgow, 82, 85. Anderson, Mrs. Robert, 7 Broomhill Terrace, Partick, 151. Anderson, Mrs. Robert, 16 Mayfield Terrace, Edinburgh, 623. Anderson, R., Closeburn, Dumfriesshire, 151. Anderson, Roderick K., 101 Princes Street, Edinburgh, 890, 897, 900. Anderston U.F. Church, Glasgow, 70, 350. Annan; J. Craig, 518 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, 544. Annan, Messrs. T. & R., & Sons, 518 Sauchiehall Street, 169, 170, 171, 174. Anstruther Gray, Major, 144, 146, 149, 611. Antiquarian Society, Montrose, 338. Antiquarian Society, Newcastle-on-Tyne, 330. Anwoth, Kirk-Session of, 1099. Applegartb, Kirk-Session of, Lockerbie, 102. Arbroath, Hospitalfields Art School, 554. Arbroath, Kirk-Session of, 970. Arbroath Museum, Arbroath, 132, 139, 140, 187, 225, 307, 308, 337, 558, 559, 567, 571, 589, 607, 603, 622, 693, 712, 854, 945, 962, 963, 1106. Arbroath Public Library, 540. Arbroath Town Council, 934. Ardgowan Curling Club, 885, 891. Arendal Museum, 778. Argyll, His Grace the Duke of, Kensington, London, 43, 826, 848, 849, 855, 862, 867, 880, 881, 882. Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, OflScers of 2nd Battalion, Maryhill Barracks, Glasgow, 124, 222, 235, 236, 402. Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, Officers of 5th Battalion of, 227, 334. Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, 93rd, The OflQcers of the, 104. Armstrong, Miss, 504. Arnott, Colonel, Denmuir, Camberley, Surrey, 151. Arrol, Sir William, Seafield, Ayr, 173. Ashton, Mrs. Elizabeth, Hawke's Point, Car bis Bay, Cornwall, 56. Atholl, His Grace the Duke of, Blair Castle, Blair Atholl, 39, 138, 142, 143, 230, 304, 306, 309, 316, 317, 321, 324, 327, 328, 330, 340, 364, 649, 677, 703, 720, 774, 844, 845, 861, 958. Auld, Rev. Robert, Overdale, Langside Hill, Glasgow, 631, 688. Ayr, The Burgh of, 468, 926, 1062. Ayr Parish Church, Kirk-Session of, Ayr, 103. Baikie, Samuel, 516. Bain, Andrew, Hunter's Quay, 454, 455, 456, 458, 459, 461. Baird, Hugh, Royal Exchange Buildings, Glasgow, 941. Baird, J. G. A., Coulston, Haddington, 439. Baird, Mrs. J. G. A., Wellwood, Muirkirk, 705. Baird, W. A., Lennoxlove, Haddington, 17, 31, 33, 186, 318, 327, 710, 721, 726, 739. Baird, William, Cambusdoon, by Ayr, 186. Baird, William, Portobello, 737, 738. Baird, Wm. & Sons, 168 West George Street, Glasgow, 356. Balfour, J. A., 196 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, 152, 153, 163, 385, 386, 387, 388, 430, 431, 435, 453, 458, 666, 734, 735, 736, 802, 804, 805, 817, 865, 877. Balfour, Miss, Whittinghame, Prestonkirk, East Lothian, 823. INDEX OF LENDEES 1131 Balfron Parish Church, 90. Ballantyne, Hanson & Co., Paul's Works, Edinburgh, 158, 168. Banff, Burgh of, 430, 868. Banff, The Museum, 78, 132, 137, 154, 215, 237, 328, 333, 341, 343, 344, 556, 557, 561, 572, 576, 616, 623, 687, 688, 704, 775, 823, 945, 950. Bank, Clydesdale. See Clydesdale. Bank, Royal, of Scotland. See Edinburgh. Bank of Scotland, 302. Bank, The National, of Scotland, 300, 302, 1119. Bannatyne, Kirk wood. Frame & Co., 756. Bannatyne, Mark, 15 Windsor Terrace, Glasgow, 56, 57, 395. Barbour, Dr., 4 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh, 353. Barbour, James, St. Christopher's, Dumfries, 173, 176, 188. Barclay, James C, 22 Evan Street, Stonehaven, 860. Barclay, P. H., 17 Oswald Street, Partick, 682, 950. Barclay, P. H., 42 Rowallan Gardens, Partick, 950. Barnett, Rev. T. R., St. Andrew's Manse, Bo'ness, 574, 689, 700, 709. Baroness Burton of Dochfour, Rangemour, Burton-on-Trent, 60. Barr, Mrs. Craig, Gateside, Paisley, 640, 643. Barr, Robert, 65 Renfield Street, Glasgow, 426. Barr, Mrs., Rockcliff, Bridge-of-Weir, 145, 159, 166, 181, 187, 603. Barron, Rev. D. G., Dunnottar Manse, Stonehaven, 137, 139, 291, 292, 337, 563, 573, 575, 577, 581, 587, 595, 603, 606, 607, 610, 617, 618, 660, 661, 694, 697, 699, 814, 843, 845, 860, 956, 968, 1101. Barron, James, Courier Office, Inverness, 541. Barry, Rev. F. R., 433. Bate, Percy, 16 Wilton Mansions, Kelvinside, Glasgow, 744, 745, 746, 747. Bate, Mrs. Percy, 16 Wilton Mansions, North Kelvinside, Glasgow, 175, 640, 718. Baxter, Mrs. David, Inveresk, Crompton Avenue, Cathcart, Glasgow, 581, 613, 622, 687. Bayley, Mrs., Ardlui, 129. Beadnell, Mrs., 110 North Frederick Street, Glasgow, 723. Beattie, F., Dineiddwg, Strathblane, Stirlingshire, 624. Beattie, J. A., Ardeer, Larkhall, 436, 437. Beattie, William, 3 Broompark Circus, Dennistoun, Glasgow, 144, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 457, 458, 459, 460. Bedford, John George Hawkesley, Larch Bhan, Kilchrennan, Argyll, 924. Begg, Gilbert Burns, Janetta Place, Orchard Street, Motherwell, 187. Begg, Mrs. Burns, The Bield, Kinross, 182, 183, 186. Bell, George, South Inchmichael, Errol, 154, 629. Bell, Rev. George, 1093. Bell, Sir James, Bart., Montgreenan, Kilmarnock, 924. Bell, John, 58 Bath Street, 478, 481, 874. Benholm Parish Church, by Johnshaven, 94. Bennett, Colonel R. J., V.D., Savoy Park, Ayr, 163, 170, 177, 178, 181, 182, 190, 191, 454, 455, 458, 538, 541. Bergen Museum, 777, 778, 779, 780. Biggar Operative Lodge of Freemasons, 591. Biggar Parish Church, Kirk-Session of, Biggar, 91, 326, 606. Bilsland, Sir William, Bart., 28 Park Circus, Glasgow, 924. Birket, George, 11 Virginia Road, Leeds, 52. Birnie, Kirk-Session of, Elgin, 1097. Birmingham Art Gallery, Birmingham, 355. Birmingham Assay Office, Birmingham, 89. Birmingham, City of, 355. Birse Parish Church, Birse, Aberdeenshire, 95. Bishop, A. Henderson, Thornton Hall, Lanarkshire, 50.3, 504, 563, 572, 577, 579, 580, 581, 587, 592. 594. 595, 596, 598, 601, 603, 604, 605, 608, 609, 611, 617, 629, 630, 661, 687, 694, 701, 704, 705, 749, 806, 832, 833, 1132 INDEX OF LENDEES 839, 840, 842, 844, 845, 846, 851, 859, 868, 871, 877, 878, 884, 885, 886, 887, 889, 890, 891, 892, 893, 900, 904, 910, 911, 912, 913, 942, 947, 959, 962. Bishop, G., 40 Sherbrooke Avenue, Glasgow, 356, 600, 716. Bishop, John, 5 Midlothian Drive, Shawlands, Glasgow, 174, 179, 181, 188. Bishop, T. G. Dalmore, Helensburgh, 504. Bishop, Tom, 845. Bishop, William C, Barncluith, Hamilton, 431, 948. Bisset, James G., 7 Grey Place, Greenock, 767. Bisset, Thomas S., Dunan, Albert Road, Crossbill, 772. Black, A. & C, Soho Square, London, 158, Black, J. Belfrage, 5 Windsor Crescent, Glasgow, W., 132. Black, Capt. John Cameron, 40 Dixon Avenue, Queen's Park, Glasgow, 225, 924, 935. Black, J. M'D., 9 Spring Gardens, Kelvinside, Glasgow, 574, 576, 577, 583, 584, 589, 590, 599, 604, 617, 698. Black, Mrs. M'D., 9 Spring Gardens, Kelvinside, Glasgow, 910. Black, William George, AnnathuU, Co. Lanark, 924. Blackburn, Miss, Parkhouse, Kirkcudbright, 722. Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh, 66, 71, 76, 77, 78. Blair-Oliphant, Capt. Ardblair, Blairgowrie, 375, 625. Blaikie, J., & Sons, Bon- Accord Street, Aberdeen, 1107. Blaikie, Samuel, Stromness, Orkney, 473. Blaikie, W. B., 11 Thistle Street, Edinburgh, 234, 357, 369, 374, 375, 376, 461, 516, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525 to 533. Blake, Mrs., 59 Hamilton Drive, Hillhead, Glasgow, 940, 941. Blair, Alexander, Albany House, Dunfermline, 124, 598, 601, 605, 615, 617, 620, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 677, 678, 679, 680, 681, 683, 685, 688, 692, 693, 702, 720, 956. Blair's College, Aberdeen, 12, 13, 67, 360, 1054, 1055, 1058. Blythswood, The Rt. Hon. Lord, Blythswood House, Renfrew, 880, 882. Bogle, Provost, Falkirk, 153. Bo'ness, Kirk-Session of, 1105. Borland, D., Kirkholm, Newlands, Glasgow, 367. Borland, James, 8 Seaford Street, Kilmarnock, 145. Borland, Rev. Dr. R., Yarrow Manse, Selkirk, 145, 152, 164, 371, 392, 630, 632, 765. Borrowstounness, United General Sea Box of, Bo'ness, 238. Boss, W. Graham, 16 Union Street, Edinburgh, 543, 931. Boston, A. L., 12 Argyle Arcade, Glasgow, 945. Bothwell Parish Church, Bothwell, 92, 93. Botriphnie, Parish Minister of, Banffshire, 1103. Bouleau, Madame, 197. Boyd, John, 2 Oakshawhead, Paisley, 214, 223. Boyd, Rev. William, The Manse, Kilmaronock, Alexandria, Dumbarton- shire, 105. Breadalbane, The Right Hon. the Marquis of, Taymouth Castle, Aberfeldy, 330, 332, 340, 341, 344. Brechin Cathedral, Brechin, 94. Brechin, Kirk-Session of, Brechin, 94, 1100. Brechin Mechanics' Institute, 356, 552. Brechin, Town Council of, Brechin, 946, 949. Breeze, John, 19 Clifford Street, Ibrox, 671, 672, 673, 674, 678, 731, 732, 733. Breeze, Miss, 19 Clifford Street, Ibrox, 633, 636, 642. Bremner, R. L., 96 Great George Street, Hillhead, 802, 803, 804. Bridge of Allan Curling Club, 892. Brodie, R. Hume, South Park, Bigaar, Lanarkshire, 163, 1046. Brown, Mrs. Burns, 191 High Street, Dumfries, 172, 175. Brown, Mrs, E, Cornwall, Glenside, Kilmacolm, 185. INDEX OF LENDERS 1133 Brown, Mrs. J. Ritchie, 14 Moutgomerie Street, Ardrossan, 843, 942. Brown, Mrs. M. D., Old Hall, Kilmacolm, 183, 310. Brown, Mrs. Margaret, Springfield, Rhuddlam, North Wales, 148. Brown, Mrs. R., 52 Beaconsfield Place, Aberdeen, 652. Brown, Harry, Abbeyhill, Lesmahagow, 578, 845, 874. Brown, J. D., 275. Brown, J. R., 14 Montgomerie Street, Ardrossan, 846. Brown, J. Spence, 65 Castle Street, Edinburgh, 517. Brown, Kellock, 152a Renfrew Street, Glasgow, 176. Brown, Professor Crum, Edinburgh, 54, 371. Brown, Professor Rudmose, Dublin, 652. Brown, T. Craig, Selkirk, 166, 621, 913, 942, 945, 951. Brown, William, Market Street, Lerwick, 575. Bruce, Alexander, Pollokshields, 492. Bruce, Dr. W. S., Scottish Oceanographical Laboratory, Edinburgh, 652, 653, 655. Bruce, James, 59 Great King Street, Edinburgh, 29, 266, 699. Bruce, John, 857, 874. Bruce, Miss, 92 Calder Street, Glasgow, 641, 732. Bruce, Sir Charles, G.C.M.G., Arnot Tower, Leslie, Fife, 38. Brunton, Mrs., 12 Craigpark, Dennistoun, Glasgow, 632, 706, 707, 708. Bryce, Professor T. H., 817, 872. Bryce, William Moir, 22 York Place, Edinburgh, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 178, 183, 184, 452, 453, 455, 456, 459, 462, 848, 849, 852, 853, 854, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 861, 866, 880, 881, 882, 955, 960, 1053. Bryden, R. Lockhart, 102 Bath Street, Glasgow, 455, 459. Bryden, Robert, Lyndhurst, Belmont, Ayr, 932. Brydie, James, Hillhead, Machany, 885. Buccleuch, His Grace the Duke of, Dalkeith Palace, Dalkeith, 39, 311, 329, 330, 438, 439, 440, 441. Buchanan, Col, Gray, Eastfield, Cambuslang, 80. Buchanan Institute, The Governors of, 383, 384. Buchanan, James, Park View, Kilbarchan, 554, 555, 560, 564, 566, 571, 600, 601, 609, 611, 619, 629, 631. Buchanan, Mrs., Kenmore, Pointhouse Crescent, Port-Bannatyne, Bute, 932. Buchanan, Mungo, Falkirk, 876, 954, 955. Buckmaster, C. F. G., 16 Pitt Street, Campden Hill, Kensington, 98, 99. Bugge, Prof. Alex., Christiania University, 777. Bull, J. C, 782. Burgess Curling Society, 919. Burgess Golf Club, 897, 899, 902, 903. Burleigh, Rev. John, The Manse of Ednam, Roxburghshire, 127. Burn, Rev. A. N. G., The Rectory, Newmarket, 860. Burn, Rev. J. H., Ballater, Aberdeenshire, 1035, 1073. Burn, Robert, A.R.S.A., 374. Burnett, John A., Kemnay House, Kemnay, 370. Burnett, Sir Thomas of Leys, Bart., Crathes Castle, Crathes, Aberdeen- shire, 27, 45, 914. Burnett Trustees, Saltoun, 1065. Burns, Alan, of Kilmahew, Cumbernauld House, Cumbernauld, 509. Burns Family at Cheltenham, Cheltenham, 172, 179, 180, 185, 187, 188. Burns,Rev.Thomas,D.D.,F.R.S.E.,F.S.A. (8cot.),Croston Lodge,Chalmers Crescent, Edinburgh, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 621. Bute, The Most Noble the Marquis of, Mountstuart, Bute, 13, 37, 53, 326, 352, 353, 354, 555, 587, 806, 905, 949, 951. Cadder Parish Church, 92. Cadell, H. M., Grange, Linlithgow, 316. Caird, Dr. F. M., 13 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh, 804. 1134 INDEX OF LENDEES Caird, Robert, LL.D., 56 Esplanade, Greenock, 1116. Calder, John J., 108 West Regent Street, Glasgow, 888. Caldwell Brothers, Ltd., 11-15 Waterloo Place, Edinburgh, 546. Caledonian Insurance Company, 340, 348. Caledonian United Service Club, Shandwick Place, Edinburgh, 231, 232, 233, 234. Callander, J. Graham, F.S.A. (Scot.), Benachie Distillery, Insch, 557, 570, 571, 572, 574, 586, 592, 595, 600, 601, 612, 700, 806, 815, 823, 824, 852, 855, 856, 857, 858, 859, 861, 862, 863, 865, 872, 873, 874, 880. Callander Parish Church, Callander, 87- Cambuslang, Kirk-Session of, 102. Cameron of Lochiel, 304. Cameron, David, Brigend, Perth, 692, 767, 772. Cameron, Ian N., London Rowing Club, Putney, London, 332. Cameron, Rev. James Robertson, Park Manse, Helensburgh, 578, 586, 588, 970. Campbell, David, 26 Newton Street, Glasgow, 590, 596, 598, 684. Campbell, Ivie, 240 Woodlands Road, Glasgow, 629, 854, 1110. Campbell, J. W. , Bank of Scotland, Stirling, 54. Campbell, J. M 'Naught, Art Galleries, Kelvingrove, Glasgow, 751, 753. Campbell, Lt.-Col. H. and Mrs. Burnley, Ormidale, Colintraive, Argyll- shire, 111, 319, 667, 687. Campbell, Mrs., Belmont, Meigle, Perthshire, 885. Campbell, Mrs., of Dunstaffnage, Inverawe House, Taynuilt, 43, 548, 905. Campbell, Mrs. Lily, 52 Rose Street, Garnethill, 129, 131, 140, 724. Campbell, Sir Archibald, Bart., of Succoth, Garscube House, Glasgow, 34, 54, 55, 73, 365, 367, 426, 445. Campbell, Sir Duncan, of Barcaldine, Bart, C.V.O., F.S.A. (Scot.), Ridgway Place, Wimbledon, 230. Campbell, Sir John Hume, Marchmont, 41, 42, 550. Campbell, T. Eraser, S. Westwood, Bridge-of-Weir, 216, 217, 218, 220, 221, 321, 585, 698, 732. Campbell, Wm. M'Oran, Doonside, Merrow, Guildford, 305, 343. Campbeltown Free Library Trustees, 846. Campbeltown, The Museum of, 339, 634, 812, 814, 817, 845. Camperdown, The Right Hon. the Earl of, Camperdown House, Forfar- shire, 58, 130, 224, 226. Candle and Soap Makers' Society of Glasgow, 950. Canongate Parish Church, Kirk-Session of, Edinburgh, 969, 970, 1095. Cardaillac, Fernand de, 197- Carmichael, Alexander H., LL.D., 15 Barnton Terrace, Edinburgh, 141, 338, 339, 613, 665, 666, 705, 710, 711, 712, 816, 848, 867, 881. Carmichael, James L., Arthurstone, Meigle, 924. Carmichael, Mrs., 15 Barnton Terrace, Edinburgh, 122, 148, 149, 558, 560, 575, 605, 606, 623, 666, 674, 689. Carmichael, Mrs. M. F., 172. Carnegie, Andrew, LL.D., Skibo, Dornoch, 846. Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, Dunfermline, 216, 388, 504, 552, 553, 578, 580, 587, 592, 598, 616, 617, 627, 629, 630, 632, 703, 710, 712, 713, 714, 847, 866, 950, 971, 1115. Carnegie Library, Ayr, 226, 236, 573, 827, 874, 962. Carnwath, Kirk-Session of Parish Church, Carnwath, 101, 582. Carrick, Rev. J. C, Newbattle, Dalkeith, Midlothian, 102, 1100. Carruthers, W. L., Lethington, Inverness, 166. Carslaw, Rev. W. H., D.D., 36 Sutherland Avenue, Pollokshields, Glas- gow, 146, 159, 395, 397, 486. Carstairs, Kirk-Session of, 103. Cassady, Capt. W. D., 752. Cawdor Parish Church, Nairnshire, 88. Chamber of Commerce, Glasgow, 350, 351. INDEX OF LENDERS 1135 Chambers Institute, see Peebles Museum. Caapman, W., 68 Castle Street, BaufiF, 219, 338, 341, 566, 568, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 589, 590, 593, 594, 595, 600, 601, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 617, 622, 628, 629, 630, 639, 640, 641, 659, 670, 672, 674, 681, 682, 683, 688, 692, 695, 696, 697, 699, 700, 711, 733, 748, 942, 948, 949. Chisholm, A. W., 59 Princes Street, Edinburgh, 136, 138, 327. Chisholm, Mrs., The Elms, Inrerness, 366. Chisholm, Sir Samuel, 20 Belhaven Terrace, Glasgow, 773, 924. Christensen, 0., 10 London Street, Fenchurch Street, London, E.G., 783. Christ Church College, Oxford, 360. Christiania National Museum, 790. Christiania Museum, 778, 779, 780, 781. Christiania University, 793, 794, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 801, 802. Christie, Miss, Cowden Castle, Dollar, 118, 122, 124, 130, 131, 132, 141, 142, 274, 558, 574, 593, 598, 635, 702, 712, 720. Christie, Walter C. B., Bedlay, Chryston, 150. Chrystal, David, 508. Chrystal, Miss Mary R., 154, 155. Churcher, W. W., 5 South Parade, Bedford Park, London, W., 89, 93, 100. Clapperton, Alan P]. , 4 Woodside Terrace, Glasgow, 583. Clapperton, Lewis, 2 Bruce Street, Billhead, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 131, 225, 284, 430, 576, 577, 582, 600, 601, 605, 609, 612, 670, 672, 674, 677, 678, 679, 682, 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 702, 767, 769, 771, 772, 773, 944, 971, 1102. Clark, Edward, 461. Clark, George, 12 London Road, Kilmarnock, 177, 632. Clavering, John M., 32 Lynedoch Street, Glasgow, 226, 237, 919. Cleland, Mrs., Drumclog, Crewkerne, Dorsetshire, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 632, 633, 636, 708, 709. Clinkskill, Miss, 1 Holland Place, Glasgow, 537, 599, 707, 708. Clugston, Miss Beatrice, 318 Byres Road, Glasgow, 1034, 1084. Clunie Curling Club, 888. Clyde Navigation Trust, 354, 878. Clydesdale Bank, Ltd., St. Vincent Place, Glasgow, 299, 300, 302. Coatbridge Naturalists' Association, 24 FUoyd Street, Coatbridge, 873. Cochran-Patrick, Mrs. E. A. K., 257, 258, 259, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269. Cochran & Fleming, Britannia Pottery, 136 Glebe Street, Glasgow, 736, 737. Cochrane, James, Brownside, near Strathaven, 311, 914. Cochrane, Robert, Kersland, Paisley, 640, 641, 642. Cochrane, The Misses, 12 Rupert Street, Glasgow, 678. Cockburn, William C, N.B.R. Station House, Old Kilpatrick, 571, 610, 614, 625. Cockpen Parish Church, East Lothian, 101. Collins, Charles M., Kelvindale, Maryhill, Glasgow, 574, 576. Colquhoun, Miss F. Mary, of Luss, 11 Cornwall Street, Edinburgh, 148. Colquhoun, Sir Ian, Bart., of Luss, Rossdhu, 148. Connacher, P. A., M.A., 7 Lothian Gardens, Glasgow, 423, 424. Connal, E. , Park Hall, Killearn, Stirlingshire, 433. Connal, Miss, 2 Minard Street, Partickhill, Glasgow, 152. Connell, Robert, 738. Constable, T. & A., Printers, Edinburgh, 158. Consul for the Netherlands, Glasgow, 212. Cook, Mrs., Fernlea Cottage, Grey Street, Tayport, 215. Cook, Rev. E. Beresford, 34 Irvine Place, Aberdeen, 1086. Cooper, H. J., 2 Kelvin Drive, Kelvinside North, Glasgow, 894. Cooper, Rev. Professor, 8 The College, Glasgow, 80, 173, 236, 391, 393, 985, 986, 1027, 10.30, 1037, 1040, 1041, 1050, 1078, 1081, 1088. Cooper, Rev. W. J., 26 Circus Drive, Dennistoun, 539, 540, 755, 756, 759. 1136 INDEX OF LENDERS Corbet, Walter, 23 Onslow Drive, Dennistoun, Glasgow, 273, 282. Corrie, John, Burnbank, Moniaive, 962. Corrie, Joseph, Dumfries, 652. Country Life, Editor of, 907, 909, 910, 913, 914. Coupar- Angus Curling Club, Coupar-Angus, 885, 886, 889. Coutts, George, Lochhead, Dinnet, Aberdeenshire, 966. Cowan, Robert, Newton Terrace, Katrine, 191. Cowan, William, 47 Braid Avenue, Edinburgh, 537, 1064, 1068, 1078, 1079, 1080. Cowie, Charles R., 20 Blythswood Square, Glasgow, 90, 94, 162, 177, 178, 180, 181, 186, 189, 299, 374, 381, 392, 769, 922, 923. Cox, Alfred W., Glendoik, Glencarse, Perthshire, 96, 97, 223, 290, 291, 292, 293, 310, 311, 314, 315, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 331, 332, 333, 334, 341, 342, 566, 567, 574, 575, 576, 581, 972, 1104. Craig, A. M., 88 Springfield Court, 713. Craig, Geo. L., 40 Bath Street, Huddersfield, 543. Craig, J., King Street, Kilmarnock, 190. Crawford, Donald, K.C., Chester Street, Edinburgh, 151. Crawford, Miss Susan F., 58 Renfield Street, Glasgow, 633. Crawford, Mrs. Robert, Lochwinnoch, 82, 738. Crawford, R. C, 221 West George Street, Glasgow, 959. Crawfurd, Colonel, Crawfurdland Castle, Kilmarnock, 622, 884. Cree, James Edward, Tusculum, North Berwick, 243, 823, 839, 840, 841, 858, 874. Crichton Brothers, 22 Old Bond Street, London, W., 107, 122, 123, 124. Crichton, C. J. MacGill, 887, 889, 890. Crichton Stuart, Lord Ninian, Falkland Palace, 911. Cruden Parish Church, Port Errol, 90. Cruickshank, Miss, Ardsheen, Dufftown, 363. CuUen Parish Church, Kirk-Session of, Cullen, 972. Cullen, Mrs., 3 Blythswood Square, Glasgow, 392. Gumming, Rev. J. B., 593. Cumming, Sir William Gordon, Bart., Altyre, Forres, 35, 46, 69. Gumming, W. Skeoch., 29 St. Andrew's Square, Edinburgh, 223, 308, 318, 340. Cunningham, Mrs. St. Clair, Hedderwick Hill, Dunbar, E. Lothian, 775. Cunninghame, Mrs. J., of Redburn, Irvine, 707. Cunynghame, Sir William Dick, Bart., Polefield, Cheltenham, 146. [See helov). ) Cupar, Fife, Kirk-Session of, 971. Curie, Alexander, 17 Gallowgate, Glasgow, 83. Curie, A. 0., 8 South Learmouth Gardens, Edinburgh, 750. Curie, James, F.S.A. (Scot.), Priorwood, Melrose, 543. Curie, James, Priorwood, Melrose, 954. Currie, Mrs., 62 Great George Street, Hillhead, Glasgow, 590, 707, 728. Currie, W. R., Lochiel, Bearsden, 757, 765. Curror, John G., Sheriff-Clerk of Stirlingshire, 5 Gladstone Place, Stirling, 366. Cursiter, J. W., Daisybank, Kirkwall, 570, 573, 784, 806, 807, 812, 813, 824, 827, 832, 841, 842, 843, 846, 847, 850, 851, 857, 858, 859, 861, 865, 866, 876, 877, 879, 912, 965, 968. Cushney, Miss, Fochabers, 54. Cuthbert, Mrs., Royal Hotel, Glasgow, 682. Dalgleish, Sir Wm. Ogilvy, of Errol, 514, 547. Dalhousie, Lord, 20, 27, 31. Dalrymple, Mrs. C. Elphinstone, Kinellor Lodge, Kineldie, Aberdeen, 258, 267. Dalrymple, The Hon. Hew H., Oxenfoord Castle, Dalkeith, 42, 436, 437, 510, 543. INDEX OF LENDEES 1137 Dalrymple, North Hamilton, Bargany House, Dailly, S. Ayrshire, 436. Dalrymple, Right Hon. Sir Charles, Bart., Newhailes, Musselburgh, 55, 56. Dairy Parish Church, Kirk- Session of, 103. Dalziel Parish Church, Motherwell, 87. Dalziel, William, Goldielea, Uddingston, 752. Dalzell, J. B., Allan Park, Larkhall, 129, 178, 226, 339, 426, 427, 485, 486, 487, 489, 509, 513, 584, 585, 599, 611, 615, 659, 674, 691, 696, 700, 857, 871, 878, 1110, 1111, 1116. Davidson, G., 432. Davidson, John M., Braedale, Lanark, 485. Davidson, Richard, Church School, Belford, Northumberland, 83, 84, 85, 511. Dawson, Rev. R. B., 9 Ramsay Gardens, Edinburgh, 934. Deans, James, 911. Deans, Mrs. Robert, 912. Delvine Curling Club, Spittalfield, Murthly, 108, 598, 886, 887, 888. Dennison, Thomas R., Eversley, St. Andrew's Drive, PoUokshields, 150. Denny Institute, The, Dumbarton, 154. Denny, Peter, Crosslet, Dumbarton, 772. Denny, William & Bros., Dumbarton, 762, 768, 772, 773. Desch, Dr. Cecil H. , Metallurgical Department, The University, Glasgow, 866. Deschannes, Henri, 198. Dewar, David, City Procurator Fiscal, Dundee, 506. Dewar, Miss de Clewthwaite, 93 Hope Street, Glasgow, 544. Dewar, T. W., Harperfields, Sandilands, Lanarkshire, 82, 86, 99, 142, 159, 164, 191, 272, 318, 319, 323, 571, 572, 595, 601, 604, 631, 674, 675, 677, 702, 703, 748, 776, 846, 881, 962. Dick Cunyghame, Sir W. Stewart, Bart. , Polefield, Cheltenham, 146. Dick-Lauder, Sir Thomas North, Fountain Hall, Pencaitland, 545. Dickson, C. W., Friar's Carse, Auldgirth, 186, 191, 193. Dickson, Dr. W. E. Carnegie, 92a Findhorn Place, Edinburgh, 146, 335. Dickson, Miss, Greenbank, Perth, 393, 447. Dickson, W. K., Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, 449. Dinwiddle, Miss, 1 Gloucester Crescent, London, 50. Dinwiddie, W; A., Bridge Bank House, Dumfries, 151. Dobbie, Mrs. James, 31 La Crosse Terrace, Hillhead, 1099. Dodds, James, Lochwinnoch, 892. Dodds, Mrs., Bloomfield, Bathgate, 505. Donald, J. Miller, 465. Donald, Mrs., Dummer Place, Dyce, Aberdeen, 570, 579, 580, 585. Donald, Thomas W., 14 Huntly Gardens, Glasgow, 506. Donald, William J. D., 60 Firhill Road, Glasgow, 913. Donald, William, Malcolm Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeenshire, 693. Donaldson, Miss M. E. M., 80 Wellesley Road, Croydon, 1094. Dougal, J. Wilson, Linlithgow Bridge, Linlithgow, 401. Douglas, Count L., 202. Doune Curling Club, Doune, 884, 887. Dowden, Miss E. H., 7 East Fettes Avenue, Edinburgh, 980. Dowden, Mrs., 7 East Fettes Avenue, Edinburgh, 1033, 1034. Downie, Robert, 296, 298, 299, 755, 756. Downs, Joseph, Scottish Harbour, Irvine, 572, 573, 576, 586. Drane, Mr., Queen Street, Cardiff, 636, 739. Drummond, Rev. Mr., The Manse, Jedburgh, 372, 755, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771. Drummond, J. W., Westerlands, Stirling, 78, 80. Drumelzier Parish, Kirk-Session of, 90, 579, 580, 581. Dryfesdale, The Kirk-Session of, Lockerbie, 104. Dublin Museum, 857. Duddingston Curling Club, Duddiugston, 884, 886, 887, 888, 892, 893. 1138 INDEX OF LENDERS Duddingston Parish Church, Kirk-Session of, Duddingston, 92, 969. Dudhope Park Museum, 216, 566, 567, 586, 594, 614, 619, 629, 652, 653, 665, 692, 702, 703, 753, 839, 844, 852, 853, 854, 1095. DuflF, D., 861. DufF, R. W., Fetteresso Castle, Stonehaven, 76. Duff, T. Gordon, Drummuir, Keith, 357. Duguid, Mrs., Auchlunies, 16 Queen's Road, Aberdeen, 565, 665, 842, 844, 845, 858, 859, 877. Dumbarton, Town Council of, 926, 1098. Dumfries and Maxwelltown Observatory Museum, Dumfries, 151, 165, 226, 237, 328, 944, 946, 947, 950, 961, 970, 1105. Dumfries and Maxwelltown Public Library, Dumfries, 539, 951. Dumfries Burns Club, Dumfries, 176, 184, Dumfries, Town Council of, 465, 470, 685, 692, 915. Dunbar, Blanche, Lady, of Mochrun, Galloway Lodge, Boscombe, Bourne- mouth, 147. Dunbar, Lady, Duffus House, Elgin, 376, 506, 934. Dunbar, Miss J., of Langlands, Dumfries, 950. Dunbar, Mrs. Duff, Ackergill Tower, Wick, 227. Dunbar, Representatives of the late Sir A. H. , Bart. , 442. Dunblane, Kirk-Session of, 966. Duncan, tfames, 4 Nicol Street, Kirkcaldy, 168. Duncan, Mrs. Anstruther, Naughton, Wormit, Dundee, 126, 152, 399. Dundas & Wilson, Messrs., 16 St. Andrew's Square, Edinburgh, 438. Dundee Library, Dundee, 113, 114, 119, 120, 217, 219, 270, 271, 274, 275, 279, 315, 328, 339, 539, 553, 560, 562, 567, 575, 582, 595, 596, 604, 605, 608, 619, 630, 643, 700, 704, 754, 775, 776, 915, 916, 933, 944, 946, 947, 948, 962, 963. Dundee, Town Council of, 98, 926, 950, 951, 1052, 1053, 1056. Dundee, The City of, 469. Dundee, Victoria and Albert Institute, 973. Dunfermline, The Town Clerk of, 448, 508, 926. Dunfermline Curling Club, 888. Dunlop, Captain Henry, of Corsack, Dalbeattie, 349, 367, 368. Dunlop, John, Low Fenwick, Ayrshire, 946. Dunlop, Mrs., 47. Dunlop, Robert, O'Rosemount, Weirwood Park, Baillieston, 401. Dunn, James B., F.R.I.B.A., 45 Hanover Street, Edinburgh, 761, 762, 763. Dunn, Mrs. James, Collalis, Scotstounhill, 579. Dunn, Mrs., 59 High Street, Dalbeattie, 642. Dunnett, John, Auckingill, by Wick, Caithness, 616, 618, 714. Duns Workingman's Institute, 505, 506, 594, 839, 942, 951. Dupplin, Kirk-Session of, 966, 967. Durand, Sergeant, Maryhill Barracks, Glasgow, 236. Durrisdeer Kirk-Session, 1104. Duthie, Mrs. John, Errol Street, Aberdeen, 579. Eadie, Robert, 2 Elmwood Gardens, Jordanhill, 772. Easton, Mrs., 12 Bon- Accord Crescent, Aberdeen, 711. Ebenhardt, C. C. Rutter, 789. Edinburgh Burgess Golfing Society, Barnton, Cramond Bridge, 897, 899, 902, 903. Edinburgh, Church of Scotland Business Committee, 22 Queen Street, 77. Edinburgh, Corporation of, 14, 152, 153, 155, 157, 159, 165, 179, 187, 217, 506, 515, 516, 552, 910, 926, 944, 946, 947, 956. Edinburgh Free Church College, 811, 879. Edinburgh, Royal Bank of Scotland, 300, 301, 302, 1116. Edinburgh, The Cathedral Church of St. Giles, 101. Edinburgh, The Dean of, 17 Atholl Crescent, Edinburgh, 770, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047. INDEX OF LENDERS 1139 Edinburgh Faculty of Arts, 78. Edinburgh Golfers, The Hon. Company of, 918. Edinburgh Municipal Museum, 946. Edinburgh, New College, 371. Edinburgh Public Library, 540. Edinburgh, Royal College of Physicians, 19, 21, 32, 44, 45, 46, 355, 358, 360, 1117. Edinburgh, Royal College of Surgeons, 41, 42, 45, 57, 71, 73, 356, 358, 549, 1117. Edinburgh, Royal Scottish Academy, 845. Edinburgh, The High Constable of, 130, 506, 942, 949. Edinburgh University, 811, 926, Edington, Dr. G. H., 20 Woodside Place, Glasgow, 180. Edmiston, Richard, Jnr., Ibrox House, Ibrox, 170, 172, 173, 176, 179, 181, 183, 186, 188, 189, 191. Edwards, John, 4 Great Western Terrace, Glasgow, 515. Edwards & Sons, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, 107, 108, 109,110, 111, 112, 120, 121, 122. Edwards, Mrs., 4 Great Western Terrace, Glasgow, 604, 633, 635. Edzell, Kirk-Session of, Edzell, Brechin, 1106. Eekhout, Miss, Cranworth Street, Hillhead, 1080. Eeles, F. C, 1 Strathfillan Road, Edinburgh, 393, 594, 879, 968, 971, 975, 976, 977, 981, 982, 1025, 1026, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1041, 1042, 1055, 1056, 1066, 1067, 1070, 1071, 1075, 1076, 1077, 1082, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1109. Eglinton, The Right Hon. the Earl of, Eglinton Castle, Irvine, 14, 15, 47, 64, 125, 129. Eglinton and Winton, The Countess of, Eglinton Castle, Irvine, 639. Elgin, The Most Noble the Earl of, Broomhall, Dunfermline, 77, 145, 149, 152, 217, 371, 644, 645, 646, 712. Elgin and Morayshire Literary and Scientific Association, 219, 341, 599, 609, 618, 620, 622, 661, 662, 703, 704, 775, 905. Elgin, Holy Trinity (Epis.) Church, 89. Elgin Museum, 136, 374, 553, 560, 566, 582, 584, 612, 613, 707, 709, 710, 806, 843, 849, 852, 854, 855, 856, 866, 914, 941, 972. Elgin Place Congregational Church, Glasgow, Trustees of, 551. Elgin, The Burgh of, 465. Elgin, The Chief Constable, 942, 943. Elgin, The Public Library, 131, 141, 142, 584, 605, 606, 611, 614, 618, 619, 707, 709, 713. Ellis, R., 11 Albert Terrace, Edinburgh, 632. Elphinstone, The Right Hon. Lord, Carberry Tower, Musselburgh, 436. Errol, Kirk-Session of, Perthshire, 102. Erroll, The Right Hon. the Earl of, Slains Castle, 96, 436. Erskine, Foster, 56 Kelvingrove Street, Glasgow, 153. Erskine United Free Congregation, Stirling, 85, 86. Eskdale, Mrs. J. L., Morag, Maxwell Park, 145, 154, 155. Esson, Thomas C, 13 Great Western Place, Aberdeen, 815, 832, 843, 844, 846, 854, 859, 861. Ewing, G. T., Estate Office, Muthill, 888. Ewing, J. C, 94 Hill Street, Garnethill, Glasgow, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175, 176, 180, 181, 183, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 545. Ewing, Lady Augustus Orr, Knockineam, Lochans, Wiytowubhire, 871. Ewing, Mrs., The Mains, Giffnock, 217, 309, 317, 401, 586, 590, 591, 599, 606, 614, 624, 698. Ex-Secretary of the House of Nobles, Sweden, 202, 204, 207. Eyre-Todd, George, 7 Oakfield Terrace, Glasgow, 758, 769. Faculty of Aberdeen, 1057. Faculty of Actuaries of Scotland, Edinburgh, 422, 468. 1140 INDEX OF LENDERS Faculty of Advocates, Edinburgh, 449, 450, 451, 452, 456, 457, 461, 463, 464, 536, 537, 539, 1051, 1053, 1055, 1056, 1063, 1087. Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow. See Royal Faculty. Fairley, John A., 3 Barnton Gardens, Davidsons Mains, Midlothian, 163, 164, 169, 170, 171, 180, 190, 394, 402, 453, 456, 478, 479, 480, 481, 485, 486, 487, 489, 537, 538, 540, 755, 765, 771, 772. Falkirk, The Town Council of, 774. Farnell, Kirk-Session of, Brechin, 1100. Farquhar, Miss Helen, 11 Belgrave Square, London, S.W., 256, 263, 264, 265, 266. Farquharson, A. H., of Invercauld, Braemar, 22, 359. Farquharson, Miss, of Invercauld, 31 Dover Street, London, W., 374. Fenton-Livingston, Mrs., Easter Moffat, Airdrie, 706, 708, 710, 723, 730. Fenton-Livingston, Miss, Easter Moffat, Airdrie, 124, 130, 141, 142, 728, 729. Ferguson, The Rev. James, North Manse, Crieff, 87. Ferguson, J., The Hermitage, Duns, 1057. Ferguson, W. L., 944. Fergusson, Miss, 14 Chester Street, Edinburgh, 74. Fergusson, Miss Cutlar, Craigdarroch, 192, 433. Fergusson, The Misses, 28 Leven Street, Pollokshields, Glasgow, 174. Fergusson, The Rev. Dr. Menzies, The Manse, Bridge of Allan, 671. Fife, His Grace the Duke of, Mar Lodge, 41, 304, 335. Fife, Kinross, and Clackmannan Charitable Society, 1115. Fife, The County Council of, 61. Fifeshire, Chief Constable of, 944. Fifeshire, The Chief-Constable of Cupar-Fife, 944. Findlay, A. & R., 110 West Nile Street, Glasgow, 960. Findlay-Hamilton, G. D., 62, 507. Findlay, Mrs., Aberlour House, Strathspey, 396, 397, 398, 515. Findlay, Miss, 1093, 1094. Findlay, R. de C, 19 Grosvenor Street, Edinburgh, 186, 305, 306, 327, 330, 332, 3.34, 339, 341. Findlay, R. E., 392. Findlay, Robert, Cathkin, by Rutherglen, 743. Findlay, The Rev. William, 17 Comiston Drive, Edinburgh, 164, 181, 183, 190, 191, 192, 487. Fine Art Society, 148 New Bond Street, London, 902, 904. Finlayson, Mrs., 48 Castle Street, Kirkcudbright, 188, 709. Finlayson, Miss, 10 Belmore Terrace, Pollokshields, Glasgow, 726, 729. Fintray, The Kirk-Session of, Aberdeenshire, 103. Fleming, Dr. Hay, Chamberlain Road, Edinburgh, 976, 987, 989, 1025, 1027, 1031, 1032, 1077, 1079, 1080, 1081. Fleming, John, 9 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow, 372, 373, 374, 376, 377, 379, 380, 381, 385, 388, 391, 939, 940. Fleming, Sheriff, 300, 301. Fletcher, A. M., of Saltoun, Pencaitland, 29, 357, 363. Flower, Mrs., Pitodrie House, Castle Esplanade, Edinburgh, 132, 144, 146. Forbes, Charles J., Broom vale, Govan, 350, 757, 759. Forbes, Duncan, 904. Forbes, J. C. M. Ogilvie, Boyndlie House, Fraserburgh, 749, 1110. Foreman, Provost Joseph, 97 High Street, Montrose, 540. Forfar Burgh, The Chief -Constable of, 949. Forgan, Andrew, 65a West Regent Street, Glasgow, 575, 896, 897, 906, 907. Forgan, Robert & Son, The Links, St. Andrews, 897, 903. Forres (Falconer) Museum, The Trustees of, 563, 564, 611, 612, 675, 704, 832, 846, 933, 948, 970, 1101. Forrester, G., Earlsferry, Elie, Fife, 896. Fortescue, Dr. W. Irvine, Kingcausie, Milltimber, by Aberdeen, 563, 585, 666, 846, 876, 960. INDEX OF LENDERS 1141 Fortune, Dr. Ernest G., 7 Lovvden Terrace, Kelvinside, Glasgow, 84. Fortune, G. R., Colinsburgh, 896. Foster, John, 479 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, 837. Foster, \V., St, Catherines, Newlands Road, Nevvlauds, 910. Fowler, (4. Herbert, The Old House, Asplay Guise, Bedfordshire, 894. Fowler, Mrs. Mansfield, Tain, Ross-shire, 141, 573, 581, 585, 591, 593, 595, 598. 601, 604, 631, 684, 685, 688, 692, 708, 948, 950. Fowler, Sir John E. , Bart., Braemore, Garve, Ross-shire, 881. Fowlis Easter, The Kirk-Session of, Dundee, 969. Eraser, A. C, 27 Sb. George's Road, Glasgow, 391. Eraser, A. R., Manse of Alvah, Banff, 855. Fraser, Col., of Castle Fraser, Kenmay, Aberdeenshire, 352. Eraser, Francis Edwin, Dyneley Lodge, Burnley, 924. Fraser, James Cunningham, Comeley Bank Mansions, Edinburgh, 470. Frazer, Miss Rowmore, Garelochhead, Dumbartonshire, 300, 503, 505, 538, 548. Fraser, Rev. Mr., 882. Fraser, Sir Keith A., 448, 496. Fraser, Trustees of the late Allan, Arbroath, 332, 550, 774, 775. Fraser-Tytler, J. F., Woodhouselea, Roslin, 61, 354. Fraser, William, Forresters' Buildings, Avonbridge, Stirlingshire, 154. Friend, Margaret, 46 Maryfield, Edinburgh, 937. Fulton, Miss, Low Fenwick, 951. Fyfe, John P., 50 Cathcart Street, Greenock, 506. Gaff, John, 195. Galloway, The Earl of, 44 Clargess Street, London, 101, 126, 127, 129, 131, 134. Galloway, Mrs. T. Lindsay, Kilchrist, Campbeltown, 127, 132, 321, 856. Gardner, John, Woodend, Houston, 97. Gardyne, Col. Greenhill, Finavon, Forfar, 217, 223. Garland, Mrs., 53 Charlotte Street, Leith, 144, 148, 149, 151, 166. Garrioch, Alex., Rosewood Cottage, Morningside, Edinburgh, 237, 732. Gaskell, E. W., 32 Maxwell Drive, Pollokshields, Glasgow, 570, 572, 575, 580, 595. Gauthier, Mr., 195. Geddes, John, Verreville, Shawlands, 748. Geddes, John, 4 Waverley Park, Shawlands, 748. Gemmell, Dr. William, Avoca, Scotstounhill, 399, 561, 579, 615, 617, 666, 685, 921. Gemmell, Professor Samson, M.D., 17 Woodside Place, Glasgow, 660. George, Charles, Chief-Constable, Stonehaven, 951. Gibb, J. S., 432, 433. Gilfillan, J., 892. Gill, A. J. Mitchell, Auchenroath House, Rothes, Morayshire, 215, 216. Gillies, Dr., Dunmore House, P]asdale, Oban, 124, 293, 601, 662, 689, 861. Gilmour, Col. Gordon, of Craigmillar, Liberton, Midlothian, 36, 38, 52, 105, 109, 359, 393, 748. Gilmour, Daniel, 188, 910. Gilmour, Miss, Moorburn, Kilmacolm, 639, 640, 641. Gilmour, W. Ewing, Rosehall, Invershin, Sutherlandshire, 849, 855. Gilroy, James, M.B., CM., Waterbeck, Ecclefechan, 924. Girdwood, John, 16 Ainslie Place, Edinburgh, 105, 109, 120. Glaister, Professor, 3 Newton Place, Glasgow, 328, 392, 435, 508, 509, 510, 511, 649, 686, 874. Glasgow Archaeological Society, 19 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, 214. Glasgow Corporation, 22, 36, 50, 58, 60, 307, 314, 315, 326, 338, 339, 344, 423, 424, 467, 471, 472, 539, 577, 578, 581, 582, 588, 589, 926, 927, 1052. Glasgow Corporation Art Galleries, Kelvingrove, 186. Glasgow Foreman Tailors' Society, 101 St. Vincent Street, 214. 1142 INDEX OF LENDEES Glasgow Golf Club, Killermont, 901. Glasgow Historical Exhibition, per R. M'Gregor Chalmers, 79. Glasgow Mauchline Society, 175, 186. Glasgow Office of Public VVorks, City Chambers, 431. Glasgow, Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons in, 28, 29, 352, 434, 766, 772. Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 396, 542. Glasgow, Town Clerk, 511. Glasgow University, 15, 18, 19, 48, 49, 52, 58, 59, 60, 70, 121, 329, 340, 343, 371, 393, 400, 402, 443, 444, 538, 554, 597, 613, 615, 660, 666, 702, 806, 926, 951. Glasgow University Library, 501. Glasgow and Galloway, the Bishop of, 64. Glasgow, The Right Hon. the Earl of, Kilburne, Largs, 46. Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College, 350. Glass, The Kirk-Session of, Huntly, 1103. Glass, Thomas, Borrowdale, Wet^s Hill, Sydenham, London, S.E., 179. Glen, Messrs. J. & R., 2 and 3 North Bank Street, Edinburgh, 237. Glen, Graham, 32 Dublin Street, Edinburgh, 315, 340. Glenlyon, The Kirk-Session of, Aberfeldy, 1097. Glovers' Incorporation of Perth, 951. Goalen, James T., Constitution Street, Leith, 922. Goodall, William, 101 Aitkenhead Road, Govanhill Road, Glasgow, 711. Gordon, James, Bank of Scotland, Glasgow, .300. Gordon, Mrs. Donald S., 78 Govanhill Street, Glasgow, 358, 437. Gordon, Mrs. Tennant, Bellbrae, Cupar-Fife, 153. Gordon, James T., F.S.A., Bellbrae, Cupar-Fife, 752. Gordon, Mrs., Farm of Willheads, Huntly, 611. Gordon Highlanders, 3rd Battn. of, Castlehill Barracks, Aberdeen, 215, 224, 225. Gorrie, David, 1 Paradise Place, Perth, 766, 767. Goudie, Gilbert, F.S.A., 31 Great King Street, Edinburgh, 555, 557. 572, 621, 622, 781, 782, 806, 807. Goudie, James M., Lerwick, 806, 812, 1099. Goudie, Miss, 14 Alloway Place, Ayr, 165. Gourlay, A. Murray, Thornloe, Partickhill Road, Glasgow, 614. Govan, Burgh of, 926. Govan, Douglas M., 12 Ettrick Road, Edinburgh, 744. Govan Parish Church, Govan, 89, 91. Gowans, Messrs. William &Co., Ill Union Street, Glasgow, 564, 573, 613, 616, 628, 630, 631, 632, 703. Graham, William, 296, 297, 298, 299. Graham, The Rev. J. M'Lean, The Cottage, Christelton, nr. Chester, 238. Graham, J. 44 High Street, Elie, 756. Grant, Alex., Cemetery Cottage, Huntly, 555, 573, 576, 630. Grant, Ernest, Benholm, Forfar, 906, 913. Grant, Francis J., Rothesay Herald Office, 932. Grant, Col. Hugh H., of Altnaskioch, Inverness, 222. Gray, Major Anstruther, M.P., of Carntyne and Kilmany, Cupar-Fife, 144, 146, 149. Gray-Buchanan, Col. James Ross, of Scotstoun, 924. Gray, F. G., 1 Hanover Square, London, 681. Gray, William, Inspector of Poor, Doune, 891. Gray, Mrs., Bedford House, Maxwell Drive, PoUokshields, Glasgow, 394, 726, 733. Greenock Burns Club, Greenock, 172, 181, 300. Greenock Library, Union Street, Greenock, 64, 516, 540, 541. Greenock, The Museum, 838, 850. Gregorson, A. M., 26 Frederick Street, Edinburgh, 122, 123, 124. Greig, T. Watson, of Glencarse, Perthshire, 729, 730, 731. INDEX OF LENDERS 1143 Grey friars, Old, Kirk-Session of, Edinburgh, 770. Grierson, Dr., Museum, Thornhill, 155, 162, 193, 245, 558, 775, 806, 849, 855, 856, 857, 858, 882, 905, 955. Grieg, Alexander B., 787, 788, 789, 790. Gripsholm Castle, 204, 205. Grossart, Mrs., Salsburg, Holytown, Lanarkshire, 556, 558, 565, 576, 582, 585, 588, 597, 605, 608, 609, 616, 618, 628, 629, 704, 843, 857. Gustafson, Professor G., Christiania University, 777. Guthrie, The Hon. Lord, F.S.A., 13 Royal Circus, Edinburgh, 156, 507. Guy, Sheriff, 7 Darnaway Street, Edinburgh, 371, 372, 373, 380, 389, 949 Haig, J. Richard Price, Conservative Club, Edinburgh, 426. Hair, Mrs., 66 Kirkcaldy Road, Maxwell Park, 214, 713, 725, 732, 733. Hamilton, Captain Fleming, Craiglaw, Kirkcowan, Wigtownshire, 908, 909. Hamilton, Claud, 247 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, 185. Hamilton, Count G., 201. Hamilton, Dundas, Westbourne, Monkton, Ayrshire, 105, 109. Hamilton, Gavin, Lesmahagow, 94, 138, 141, 291, 308, 311, 321, 323, 324, 325, 579, 628, 629, 686, 693, 699, 700, 702, 841, 845, 850, 853, 962, 972, 1100. Hamilton, G. D. Findlay, Carnell, Hurlford, Ayrshire, 23, 26, 27, 32. Hamilton, Henry, Lochwinnoch, 82, 85, 86, 87, 97, 604. Hamilton, Miss, Firbank, 78 Kilmarnock Road, Shawlands, Glasgow, 641, 707, 708, 710, 722, 726, 727, 728, 732. Hamilton, Miss Fleming, Craiglaw, Kirkcowan, Wigtownshire, 808, 809. Hamilton, Mrs. Baillie, Langton, Berwickshire, 548. Hamilton, Mrs. James, 37 Monteith Row, Glasgow, 129, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 579, 590, 604, 674, 675, 678, 679, 680, 681, 683, 695, 728. Hamilton, Sir W., South Water, Horsham, 374. Hamilton, The Kirk-Session of, 92, 102, 105. Hamilton, The Right Hon. Lord, of Dalzell, Motherwell, 152, 513. Hangemann, Dr., Stavanger, Norway, 785. Harkness, Mrs. Schalch, Aboukir, Bridge-of-Allan, 513, 885. Harlan, Dickson, Biggar Operative Masonic Lodge, Biggar, 591. Harris, James J., Green Hotel, Loch Leven, Kinross, 912. Hart, James, 19 Woodend Drive, Jordanhill, Glasgow, 374, 401. Harvey, J., 721. Harvey, Robert, 772. Hawick Archaeological Society, 968, 972, 1100, 1104. Hawick Museum, Hawick, 88, 146, 148, 150, 577, 578, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 601, 608, 612, 618, 629, 630, 644, 649, 692, 693, 694, 695, 816,848, 854, 867, 948, 949, 950, 955. Hay, Mrs. Cecil G., 386 Byres Road, Glasgow, 636, 637, 706, 723, 727. Hay, Mrs. Jane S., Achgourish, Aviemore, 336. Hector, Miss, 41 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, 390, 397, 636, 707, 708, 758, 943. Hedderwick, A. W. H., 19 Oakfield Terrace, Glasgow, 300, 389, 685, 761, 762, 763, 764, 771. Helton, A. G., 72 George Street, Perth, 307, 331, 335, 343, 593, 596, 774, 775, 933, 937. Henderson, Adam, F.S.A., University Library, Glasgow, 432, 547. Henderson, George, 221 West Campbell Street, Glasgow, 772. Henderson, Mrs. Kilmeny, Scotstounhill, 691. Henderson, Mrs. Thomas, Auchingramont Road, Hamilton, 912. Henderson, P. W., 112 Stevenson Drive, Shawlands, Glasgow, 845. Henderson, The Rev. George, Ph.D., 28 Viewpark Drive, Rutherglen, 486. Hendry, The Rev. George S., Manse of Dalmellington, Dalmellington, 904 Herbert, Thomas, March Hill, Riddrie, 582. 1144 INDEX OF LENDERS Herbertson, James D. , 122 Wellington Street, Glasgow, 758. Heriot's Trust, The Governors of (;reorge, Edinburgh, 18, 123. Heron & Sou, Robert, Fife Pottery, Kirkcaldy, 736, 737. Harriot, James, Solicitor, Duns, 874. Hervey, C. Clelland, 1052. Hewison, The Rev. Dr. King, The Manse, Rothesay, 145, 152, 274, 281, 432, 574, 575, 589, 885, 965, 971, 972, 988, 1104. Hewlett, S. G., Elstree, Eversfield Road, Reigate, 751. Higham, Chas. & Son, 37a Faringdon Street, London, 1090. Highland Society of Glasgow, 58. Hill, William H., The Merchants' House, Glasgow, 30, 31, 475. Hilliard, J. B., 157 Hope Street, Glasgow, 647. Hilston, A. C., Wingfield, Strathaven, 628, 629, 631, 695. H.M. Queen Christina of Spain, 196. His Majesty the King, Windsor Castle, 80, 213. His Majesty's Board of Works, Tower, London, 316. His Majesty's Exchequer, Edinburgh, 539. His Majesty's Office of Works, The Tower, London, 316, 342. His Majesty's Office of Works, Stirling Castle, Stirling, 328. Hog, S. B., Newliston, Kirkliston, 368, 722, 724, 725, 726, 731, 7.32. Hogarth, The Misses, 1 Eden Place, Cupar-Fife, 158. Hole, Gilbert, 36 Murrayfield Avenue, Edinburgh, 83, 84, 85, 97, 100. Holmes, John A., 29 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, 307, 313, 314, 330, 333, 342, 344, 594. Holstein, Baroness Stael von, 207. Holy Trinity (Epis.) Church, Elgin, 89. Holy Trinity (Epis.) Church, Haddington, 93. Home, The Right Hon. the Earl of, 309, 323, 330, 331. Hooker, Sir Joseph D., O.M.F.R.S., The Camp, Sunningdale, 651, 654, 655. Hope, Andrew Wilson, Biggar, 568, 577, 578, 580, 594, 891. Hope, Captain, St. Mary's Isle, 436, 504, 570, 572, 580, 587, 598, 655, 656, 671, 687, 696, 721, 722. Hope, Miss, Donavourci, Crieff, 126. Hospital of Dunkirk, 196. Houston, John, Glenlogan, Kilbirnie, 921. Houison-Craufurd, Lt.-Col. W. R., Craufurdsland Castle, Kilmarnock, 884. Howie, John, Lochgoin, Eaglesham, 145, 146, 432, 832, 946. Hunter, George, Hillside House, Duddingston, 57. Hunter, J. Brownlee, Hillside House, Duddingston, 144, 152, 153, 373, 395, 396, 397, 398, 435, 460. Hunter, James, 944. Hunter, James Ewing, M.B., CM., Helensburgh, 924. Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow, 239, 446, 447, 448, 714, 810, 811, 814, 816, 823, 826, 838, 843, 844, 851, 855, 874, 882, 942, 961, 962. Huntly Kirk Session, 1102. Hutchesons' Hospital, Patrons of, 477. Hutcheson, Rev. Andrew, 145, 1043. Hutchison, Miss J., 3 Yarrow Gardens, North Kelvinside, Glasgow, 769. Hyslop, D. W., 110, 111, 115, 116, 302, 673, 674, 676. Ihre, Lieutenant, 204. Incorporation of Barbers, Glasgow, 424, 428. Incorporation of Bonnetmakers and Dyers, Glasgow, 423, 424, 482, 484, 1053. Incorporation of Coopers, Glasgow, 484, 506, 675. Incorporation of Cordiners, Glasgow, 427, 428, 429, 484. Incorporation of Fleshers, Glasgow, 424, 483, 484. Incorporation of Gardeners, Glasgow, 483, 484. Incorporation of Hammermen, Glasgow, 482, 483. Incorporation of Masons, Glasgow, 423, 424, 483, 484, 1053. Incorporation of Hammermen of Stirling, 1053. INDEX or LENDERS 1145 Incorporation of Shoemakers of Ayr, 180. Incorporation of Skinners, Glasgow, 428, 429, 482, 484, 1051. Incorporation of Tailors, 482. Incorporation of Weavers, Glasgow, 423, 425, 427, 428, 429, 482, 483, 484. Incorporation of Wrights, 482, 483, 484. Incorporation of the Guildry of Stirling, Stirling, 151, 944, 956. Inglis, Messrs. A. & J., Shipbuilders, Glasgow, 355. Inglis, Allan Beaufort, Arbroath, 325, 560, 573, 577, 578, 592, 595, 615, 942. Inglis, Mrs. F. C., Rock House, Calton Hill, Edinburgh, 139, 151. Inglis, Francis Caird, Rock House, Calton Hill, Edinburgh, 131, 139, 151, 294, 372, 503, 504, 571, 587, 600, 670, 674, 686, 701, 711, 866. Inglis, John, LL.D., 355, 702, 703, 704. Inner High Church, Kirk-Session of, 91. Insch, The Kirk-Session of, Kincraig, Kingussie, 1098. Inspector of Weights and Measures, Dundee, 950, 951. Institute of Bankers in England, London, 301, 302. Inverclyde, the Right Hon. The Baron, 924. Inverkeithing, Burgh of, 425, 446. Inverness Museum, Inverness, 594, 604, 612, 628, 775. Irvine, Mrs., 26 Whittingehame Terrace, Jordanhill, Glasgow, 97, 508. Irvine, The ToM-n Council of, 913, 916. Irving, H. C, Burnfoot, Ecclefechan, 953. Irving, Miss Jane T., 4 Windsor Terrace, Glasgow, 422, 599, 748. Irving, M. H., Albury, London, 762. Isaacs, Ellis, S5 High Street, Glasgow, 260, 261, 273, 293, 918. Jackson, Mrs. E. Neville, Oak Lodge, Sidcup, Kent, 913. Jadart, Henri, 197. Jardine, Mrs., 20 Royal Crescent, Glasgow, 402, 505. Jedburgh Museum, 226, 910, 946, 947, 1102. Jedburgh Public Library, Jedburgh, 345. Jockel, Miss A. M., 32 George Street, Edinburgh, 722. Johanson, Consul Johan, 70 Wellington Street, Glasgow, 783, 784, 789. Johnson, Rev. Theodore, The Manse, Blanefield, 606, 671. Johnstone, B., Buccleuch Street, Moffat, 214. Johnstone, C. S. S., 66 Hanover Street, Edinburgh, 555, 775, 805, 935. Johnstone, G. H., 22 Garscube Terrace, Edinburgh, 649, 651. Johnstone, Graham, Court of the Lyon King at Arms, Edinburgh, 929, 930, 931, 934, 936. Johnstone, Hope, Rachills, Annandale, 378. Johnstone, J. F., Moat House, Elderslie, 82, 83, 85, 86. Johnstone, John Lawson, of Kingswood, 924. Johnstone, John T., Millbank, Moffat, 155, 505, 573, 616, 769. Johnstone, John, 114 Baker Street, Stirling, 338. Johnstone, Mrs. C. S. S., 66 Hanover Street, Edinburgh, 215. Johnstone, Mrs. S. W., St. Michael's, Cupar-Fife, 906. Johnstone, Wm., Senr., 422, 693. Johnstone, Col. W., C.B., Newton Dee, Murtle, Aberdeenshire, 932. Kay, Arthur, 21 Winton Drive, Glasgow, 768. Kay & Co., Messrs., Mauchline, 893. Keegan's Trust, 920, 893. Kellie, Rev. John, B.D., Kirkmichael, Maybole, 967. Kelly, W., 62 Rubislawden, Aberdeen, 600, 711, 937, 965. Kennedy, Miss, 26 Newton Street, Glasgow, 616, 617, 633, 635, 639, 712. Kennedy, Captain Thomas, 26 Newton Street, Glasgow, 214. Kennedy, W., 173 Kenmure Street, Glasgow, 571, 769. Kenning & Son, Messrs. George, 9 Howard Street, Glasgow, 935, 936. Kerr, Mrs., 14 Loudon Terrace, Kelvinside, Glasgow, 727, 728. Kerr, Rev. John, The Manse, Dirleton, 886, 893, 902, 903. 1146 INDEX OF LENDERS Kerr, Samuel, of Sanquhar, 730. Kilmarnock, Corporation of, 177, 179, 184, 186. Kilmaronock Parish Church, Kirk-Session of, 105. Kilmaurs, The Town Council of, Kilmaurs, 942, 913. King, Miss Jessie M., 16 Rue de la Grande-Chaumiers, Paris, 544. King, Jonathan, 304 Essex Road, London, 941. King, Lt. -Col. Alex. J., D.S.O., Tertowie House, Kinellar, Aberdeenshire, 549 Kinghorn, Town Council of, 942, 944, 946, 947, 949, 950, 951. Kinghorn, William Box, 187 Regent Street, London, 214, 620, 621, 622, 729, 730, 731. King's Own Scottish Borderers, 2nd Battn., Holy wood, Co. Down, 222. King's Own Scottish Borderers, 3rd Battn., Dumfries, 216, 222, 225, 230. Kingsbarns, Kirk-Session of, 105. Kinloch, Major-Gen. Alexander A., of Logie de La Pole, Bray, Berkshire, 147, 235, 844, 949. Kinloss Kirk-Session, 1101. Kinnear, W. F. A., Colebrook, Kersland Drive, Milngavie, 970. Kinnoull, The Right Hon. the Earl of, Dupplin Castle, Perth, 25, 40, 55, 349, 352, 362, 440, 549. Kinross Curling Club of, Kinross, 893. Kirk, Dr. Robert, Rowan Bank, Bathgate, 131, 884, 972, 1067. Kirkcaldy, Town Council of, 446. Kirkcudbright Museum, Stewartry of, 37, 145, 214, 217, 224, 225, 236, 806, 811, 849, 856, 862, 917, 948, 961, 1102. Kirkcudbright, Town Council of, 429. Kirkhope, James L., 59 Cambridge Street, Glasgow, 769. Kirkpatrick, Mrs., 32 Morningside Road, Edinburgh, 372. Kirkwood, Messrs. R. & H. B., 66 Thistle Street, Edinburgh, 332, 335. Kitchin, F. Harcourt, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, 176. Knox, Miss, St. Andrews, 917. Kyle & Frew, Messrs., 216 West George Street, Glasgow, 870. Lagerbjelke, Count Elgsgo, 201. Lagergreen, Miss Inez, Stockholm, 204, 208. Laird, James, and Archibald J., Kelvinbridge, Glasgow, 823. Lamb, J. J. W., Woodville, Aberlady, 609, 659, 685, 686, 691, 704, 899. Lambie, James, Mauchline, 720. Lambie, Robert, J.P., Strathaven, Larkhall, 131. Lamington, Lord, Lamington, 39, 67, 224, 691, 1043. Lamont, Clan, Society, 934. Lamont, Norman, Knockdow, 924. Lanark, County of, 926. Lanark, The Town Council of, 467, 915, 946, 947, 950. Lanark, The County Council of, 226. Lang, Lt.-Col. James, R.E., 21 Kelvinside Terrace, Glasgow, 234, 236. Langlands, Mr., Inspector of Lighting, Glasgow, 511. Larpent, Mrs. Gerrard de Hochepied, 1 Alton Gardens, Hillhead, 709. Lauder, Robert, 33 Afton Street, Langside, Glasgow, 32, 613, 846. Lauder, The Town Council of, 401, 468. Laurie, Mrs., Southfield, Bearsden, 144. Laurie, Sir E., Bart., Maxwelltown House, Dumfriesshire, 36. Lawrie, Sir Archibald, The Moss, Dumgoyne, 175, 185, 358. Lawrie, L. C, 60 King Street, Helensburgh, 766. Leadbetter, Thomas Greenshields, Swinton House, Duns, 372, 757. Lees, Richard, 173 Kenmure Street, Pollokshields, Glasgow, 166. Lees, Thomas, Waterloo House, Mar Place, Stirling, 218, 235. Leighton Library, Dunblane, 978, 981, 985, 990, 991, 1109. Leitch, Arthur 0., 5 West Blackball Street, Greenock, 506. Leith, Town Council of, 936. INDEX OF LENDEES 1147 Leslie, Colonel, Kinivie Castle, Dufftown-, 32, 380. Leslie, Miss, Gowanlea, Craigendoran, 389. Leslie Parish Church, Kirk-Session of, Insch, 104. Lennox, Mrs. Pearth, Lennox Castle, Lennoxtown, 304, 322. Lennox, Provost, F.S A.(Scot.), Dumfries, 951. Lewenhaupt, Count E., 202. Lightbody, Hon. Sheriff, Kingillie, Nairn, 395, 397. Lilburn, Mrs., 3 Queen's Gardens, Dowanhill, 68. Limont, George J. Woodfinlow, Thingwall, nr. Birkenhead, 653. Lincoln & Son, Messrs. \V. S., 69 New Oxford Street, London, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 278, 280, 281, 286, 287. Lindsay, Captain Charles, 97 Cadogan Gardens, London, 536, 637. Lindsay Society, The Clan (Western Section), 924. Lindsay, The Right Hon. the Earl of, Wormiston House, Crail, 441. Linkstone, Miss, Cramond Bridge, by Edinburgh, 635. Linlithgow, Kirk-Session of, 969. Linlithgow, Royal Burgh of, 926. Linlithgow, The Marquis of, 16. Linton Parish Church, Linton, 92. Little Dunkeld, Kirk-Session of, 1098. Livingston, D. P., Maxwell Street, Glasgow, 647. Livingston, The Rev. John, Manse of Banton, by Castlecary Station, 561, 972. Lochiel, Achnacarry Castle, Inverness-shire, 27, 51, 65, 124, 132, 147, 215, 223, 227. Lochlee, The Episcopal Church of, Brechin, 1102. Lochwinnoch Parish Church, Lochwinnoch, 93. Lockhart, Alexander, 640 New City Road, Glasgow, 685. Lockhart, Mrs., Milton Lockhart, Lanark, 63. Lockhart, Thomas, 244 Great Western Road, Glasgow, 56. Logan, Mrs., 56 Kersland Street, Glasgow, 146. Logan-Home, Major G., of Broomhouse, Edrom, Berwickshire, 147, 148, 149, 152, 262. Long, William A. R. Jex, Portincaple, Loch Long, 223, 260, 268, 269, 332, 335, 341, 1044, 1045. Lorimer, R. S., A.R.S.A., 49 Queen Street, Edinburgh, 929. Loudoun, The Right Hon. the Earl of, Loudon Castle, Loudon, Ayrshire, 34, 49, 59. Lovat, Lord, Beaufort Castle, 357. Low, James G., Cranesmeadow, Montrose, 540. Lowson, D. M., 641. Lubeck, The Town of, 479. Lucy, Mrs. Cameron, Ballater, Aberdeenshire, 362. Lumsden, Captain H. T., of Balmedie, Aberdeenshire, 624. Lunan, Miss L., 40 Berkeley Street, Glasgow 589. Lundy, Macody, 782. Lundie and Fowlis, The Kirk-Session of, Dundee, 969. Lyle, Wm., Townhead, Rothesay, 845. Lyon, Sir Alexander, Aberdeen, 924. Lyon Office, 425, 542, 914, 935. MacAlister, Sir Donald, K.C.B. , University of Glasgow, 924. MacAndrew, Mrs. F. G., 176. MacArvail, Adam, Mauchline, 720. M'Bain, The Representatives of the late J. M., Arbroath, 150, 539. M'Callum, John A., 3 Mirrlees Drive, Kelvinside, Glasgow, 515. M'Callum, Mrs., 26 Lennox Avenue, Scotstoun, 615, 684, 692. M'Candlisli, Captain P. D., 2nd Battn. Princess Louise's Argyll and Suther- land Highlanders, Glasgow, 227, 228, 229, 230. M'Cloy, J. IL, 107 Hope Street, Glasgow, 591. 1148 INDEX OF LENDEES M'Cosh, Peter, Drumore, 873. M'Cracken, Mrs., Emerald Bank, Insch, Aberdeenshire, 122, 553, 561, 612. M'Crindle, J, C, 33 Kilmarnock Road, Shawlands, Glasgow, 633, 634, 698. M 'Donald, Miss, 433. MacDonald, Sir Alex., of the Isles, Thorpe Hall, Bridlington, 339. Macdonald, Alex., 617. Macdonald, Dr., Hawkhead Asylum, Paisley, 704. M'Donald, A. B., 431, 432. MacDonald, A. M. Robertson, 36 Tregunter Road, South Kensington, London, 751, 752. Macdonald, Sir Alex. W. M. B., of Nova Scotia, 924. MacDonald, George, LL.D., 953. MacDonald, Miss J. C. C, Windmill House, Arbroath, 621, 689, 692, 694, 709, 749. Macdonald, J. A. Ranald, of Balranald, Lochmaddy, Inverness-shire, 148, 623. MacDonald, J. R. M., Largie Castle, Tayinloan, Argyll, 126, 142, 309, 563, 667, 687, 748, 843, 857, 881. Macdonald, Mrs. K. L., Regent Street, Portobello, 96, 99, 100, 554, 555, 556, 559, 560, 572, 573, 575, 576, 577, 579, 580, 581, 582, 584, 585, 586, 587, 591, 592, 593, 594, 598, 606, 610, 613, 628, 629, 630, 666, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 676, 677, 678, 679, 681, 682, 683, 685, 687, 690, 693, 694, 695, 699, 701, 704, 713, 905, 910, 973, 1095. MacDonald, Major R. J. M., Livingstone, 147, 148, 149. MacDonald, Mrs., Sutherland Arms Hotel, Golspie, 862. MacDonald, Major W. Bell, Rammerscales, Lockerbie, 148. Macdonald, W. H., Hutcheson's Buildings, Ingram Street, Glasgow, 218. Macdonald, W. K., 555, 595. Macdonald, W. R., 4 Wester Coates Avenue, Edinburgh, 403 to 422. Macdonald, Mrs. W. R., 4 Wester Coates Avenue, Edinburgh, 453, 455, 543. Macdonnel, Professor, Lochgarry Lodge, Oxford, 317. M'Dougall, Dr. John H., Balgownie House, Aberdeen, 217, 219. MacDougall, Major A. G., of Dunollie, Oban, 144, 150, 317, 343, 344, 667. MacDougall, Mrs. , Millbrae Crescent, Langside, Glasgow, 748. M'Dougall, Miss Grisell, Wellnage, Cambuslang, 727. M'Dougall, George, Wellnage, Cambuslang, 904. M'Dougall, James, 97 West Campbell Street, Glasgow, 216, 402, 589, 619, 620, 622, 905, 959, 1081. MacDougall, J. Patten, C.B., of Gallanach, Oban, 224, 375. M'Dougall, Kenneth, Logan House, Port Logan, nr. Stranraer, 1105. MacDougall, Miss, Ivy Bank, Oban, 1118. M'Dowall, A., Hazelbank, Inverness, 591, 617, 893. M'Ewan, Miss, 26 Strathyre Street, Shawlands, Glasgow, 517. M'Ewen, Matthew, 1 Tantallon Terrace, Ibrox, 314. MacFarlane, Miss, Blawarthill, Yoker, 144, 579, 580, 581, 586, 604, 673, 678, 684, 686, 694. Macfarlane, Ex-Bailie James, 3 Princes Terrace, Glasgow, 632, 950. Macfarlane, Miss Jeanie C. S., 18 Nithsdale Drive, Strathbungo, 642. Macfarlane, Malcolm, Elderslie, 496. MacFarlane, Rev. D., M.A., Manse of Gigha, 496. M'Farlane, William, 18 Nithsdale Drive, Strathbungo, Glasgow, 642. MacFarlane-Grieve, William Alexander, Penchrise, 924. MacGeorge, B. B., 19 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow, 183, 481. M'Gillivray, Dr., Tay Street, Dundee, 223, 583, 620, 692, 701, 1104. MacGillivray, Messrs. W.