UNIVERSITY OF LONDON KING'S COLLEGE UNIVERSITY DEPOSITORY (C.8.) LEARNED SOCIETIES AND PRINTING CLUBS. London : Spottiswoode and Shaw, New-street- Square. THE LEARNED SOCIETIES AND PRINTING CLUBS OF Wqt United Itmgtfom : BEING AN ACCOUNT OF THEIR RESPECTIVE ORIGIN, HISTORY, OBJECTS, AND CONSTITUTION: With full details respecting Membership, Fees, their published Works and Transactions, Notices of their Periods and Places of Meeting, &c. AND A GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND A CLASSIFIED INDEX. COMPILED FROM OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS, BY THE REV. A. HUME, LL.D., F.S.A. CORRESl'ONDING MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, SCOTLAND, MEMBER OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY, ETC. WITH A SUPPLEMENT CONTAINING ALL THE RECENTLY-ESTABLISHED SOCIETIES AND PRINTING CLUBS, AND THEIR PUBLICATIONS TO THE PRESENT TIME, BY A. I. EVANS. LONDON: G. WILLIS, GREAT PIAZZA, COVENT GARDEN. MDCCCLIII. THE MOST HONOURABLE THE MARQUIS OF NORTHAMPTON, or Wdt 3Hopl Sboctetg of Hon&on, THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY ADDRESSED BY THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. The references to the Learned Societies are so frequent, in our age, in books newspapers conversa- tions, &c., that every man who claims to be educated is expected to possess some knowledge of the subject. Yet so far as I know, there has never been, hitherto, any means of obtaining that knowledge, except through documents privately printed ; for which, even among the learned, not one man in a hundred knows how or where to apply. I have always enter- tained a partiality for statistical tables and official papers ; because, however deficient in attractions they may appear to be, the reader is sure to be recompensed by the greater correctness of the in- formation. The accounts, in the present instance, are all drawn up from official documents ; and except in a few instances, each has been submitted to the Secretary or some other prominent officer, either in manuscript, or proof, or both. The corrections in numbers and in the names of officers are brought down to the end of May. The points on which I have sought to make the information clear, are those on which people are most a 4 viii PREFACE. likely to inquire ; but if any important omission be made^ the reader is at least directed how to make further inquiry. In the Introductory remarks, there are many things that will seem trite to the initiated ; let them reflect however, that it was not for their sakes exclusively or mainly, that these pages were written. In these remarks, I have ventured to depart from the dry detail which is unavoidable elsewhere, and to offer some suggestions which seem calcu- lated to promote the general good. I claim for these suggestions only the degree of attention to which their reasonableness entitles them ; I have no doubt, however, that they will be received with kindness, even by those of my literary and scientific brethren who are unable to concur with them. No man can be better aware than myself, that this book is in some respects imperfect ; I trust however, that it will be regarded by competent judges, as a favour- able approximation to a perfect account, to which another edition may approach still more nearly. The importance of the information relative to the Printing Clubs, will readily plead my excuse for uniting subjects with so little similarity. In a few instances, letters circulars and adver- tisements are still unnoticed ; but in some of them I have managed to obtain the requisite information through private channels. It is, however, my pleas- ing duty to record, that in all other cases, every information and assistance was given in the most PREFACE. IX prompt and handsome manner, for which I beg that the Secretaries and other Officers will accept my warmest thanks. My acknowledgments are especially due to some gentlemen who interested themselves to obtain for me information respecting other So- cieties than their own ; — the Rev. Dr. Bliss of Oxford, Charles C. Babington, Esq., of Cambridge, Albert Way, Esq., London, W. B. D. D. Turnbull, Esq., of Edinburgh, and Professor Oldham of Dublin. A. H. Collegiate Institution, Liverpool, 21st June, 1847. a 5 CONTENTS. A 6 / GrENEBAL INTRODUCTION. LEARNED SOCIETIES. I. General Characteristics or the Learned Societies. What they are, — Different kinds, — Professional Societies useful, — Nature of Incorporation, — It is comparatively rare, — Differs from Foundation, — Changes of Name, — Nature of Abbreviations, — Mistaken use of them, — Varieties in Designation. Art. (1) — (10) - Page 3 II. Their Uses. Intellectual Society, — Libraries, Apparatus, &c. — Confer standing, — Publications. (11) — (14) - - 12 III. Their History. The Royal Society, — Others, to the beginning of this Century, — They are Numerous at present, — Peculiar Features, — Estimate of Members. (15)— (19) - 16 IY. Mode of Becoming a Member. Certificate, — Its form, — Interval for Inquiry, — Elec- tion, — Intimation of Election, — Form, — Admission, — Form, — Other Forms, — For subscription, — For expul- sion, — Payments, — Large in England, — Not necessarily so. (20)— (29) - - - - - - 21 V. Transaction of Business. Time of Meetings, — Private and Public, — Classes of Members, — The Council, — Committees, — Periodical Excursions, — Varieties in Publication, — Transactions, — Printing Committee, — Prizes. (30) — (40) - - 31 VI. Reflections and Suggestions. Departmental Societies, — Their good effects, — They have a limit (1) Intellectually, — (2) Financially. — The Good without the Evil. — Literature is comparatively xiv CONTENTS. neglected, — Its general effects good, — Reasons for its backward state. — Inactive Societies, — Residence and Non-residence. — Union. — Present Difficulties, — A Periodical. Art. (41)— (53) - - - Page 39 PRINTING CLUBS. How composed, — Slight Varieties, — Number of Mem- bers, — Mode of Issue, — Number of Books, — Qualifica- tion of Editors, — Use of the Publications. (54) — (60). 58 PART I. LEARNED SOCIETIES. I. m ENGLAND. 1. METROPOLITAN. Date of Charter. Page Royal Society - (1660) 1662 67 Society of Antiquaries - (1572 ?) (1707) 1751 74 Linnsean Society (1788) 1802 77 Horticultural Society (1804) 1809 78 Geological Society (1807) 1826 81 [Geological Survey of the British Isles] 81 n. Royal Society of Literature - (1823) 1826 83 Institution of Civil Engineers (1818) 1828 86 Royal Astronomical Society - (1820) 1831 88 Incorporated Law Society (1827) 1831 90 Medical and Chirurgical Society (1805) 1834 91 Royal Institute of British Architects (1834) 1837 93 Royal Botanic Society 1839 95 Pharmaceutical Society (1841) 1843 97 Date of Foundation. Society of Arts - 1753 98 Medical Society of London 1773 100 Royal Asiatic Society 1823 101 Zoological Society - 1826 104 Royal Geographical Society 1830 106 Entomological Society 1833 108 Statistical Society - 1834 109 Botanical Society of London 1836 111 Numismatic Society 1836 113 xvi CONTENTS: BEING Date of Foundation. Page Microscopical Society 1839 114 Chemical Society - 1841 115 Philological Society - 1842 117 Ethnological Society - - •» 1843 118 Archaeological Association 1843 119 Archaeological Institute 1843 121 Syro-Egyptian Society 1844 123 Royal College of Chemistry 1845 124 Pathological Society - ? 125 2. NATIONAL, NOT METROPOLITAN. The British Association for the Advancement of Science - 1831 129 3. PROVINCIAL. Date of Charter. Cambridge Philosophical Society (1819) 1832 134 Date of Foundation. Literary and Philosophical Society, Man- chester - 1781 136 Literary and Philosophical Society, Liver- pool - 1812 138 Plymouth Institution - 1812 139 Antiquarian Society of Newcastle-on-Tyne 1813 141 Royal Geological Society, Cornwall 1814 142 Philosophical and Literary Society, Leeds - 1818 143 Natural History Society, Manchester 1821 145 Yorkshire Philosophical Society 1822 146 Literary and Philosophical Society, Shef- field - 1822 147 Literary and Philosophical Society, Whitby 1822 148 Literary and Philosophical Society, Hull - 1822 149 Bristol Philosophic and Literary Society - 1824 151 Ashmolean Society, Oxford 1828 152 A ROLL OF THE SOCIETIES. xvii Date of Foundation. Page Scarborough Philosophical Society 1830 153 Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society 1833 154 Worcestershire Natural History Society - 1833 156 Shropshire and North Wales Natural His- tory and Antiquarian Society 1835 157 Geological Society, Manchester - 1838 158 Liverpool Polytechnic Society - 1838 159 Geological Society of the West Riding 1838 160 Architectural Society, Oxford - 1839 161 Natural History and Antiquarian Society, Penzance - 1839 162 Cambridge Antiquarian Society 1840 163 Cambrian Archaeological Association 1846 164 Sussex Archaeological Society - 1846 165 II. IN SCOTLAND. 1. METROPOLITAN. Date of Charter. Medical Society of Edinburgh - - (1734) 1778 169 Royal Society of Edinburgh - (1739) 1783 170 Royal Physical Society, Edinburgh - (1771) 1788 172 Royal Scottish Society of Arts - - (1821) 1841 174 Wernerian Society, Edinburgh - . 1808* 175 Date of Foundation. Harveian Society - 1752 177 Juridical Society - 1773 178 Society of Antiquaries of Scotland - 1780 179 Hunterian Medical Society - 1824 180 Geological Society of Edinburgh - 1834 181 Botanical Society of Edinburgh - 1836 182 * Date of the Seal of Cause. xviii CONTENTS: BEING 2. PROVINCIAL. Date of Foundation. Page Literary and Antiquarian Society, Perth - 1784 185 Philosophical Society, Glasgow - 1802 186 Berwickshire Naturalists' Club - 1831 187 Tweedside Physical and Antiquarian Society - 1834 189 Glasgow and Clydesdale Statistical Society - 1836 190 Orkney Natural History Society - 1837 191 Border Medical Society - 1838 192 Aberdeen Philosophical Society - 1840 193 Orkney Antiquarian and Natural History Society 1844 194 III. m IEELAND. 1. METROPOLITAN. Date of Charter. Royal Irish Academy - - - 1786 197 Date of Foundation. Association of the King and Queen's College of Physicians - 1816 199 Royal Zoological Society of Ireland - 1831 200 Geological Society of Dublin 1832 201 Institution of Civil Engineers of Ireland 1835 203 Association of Graduates in Medicine, T. C. D. - 1837 204 Natural History Society, Dublin 1838 205 Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland 1839 206 Microscopical Society, Dublin ' - 1840 207 Dublin University Philosophical Society 1842 208 A ROLL OF THE SOCIETIES. XIX 2. PROVINCIAL. Date of Foundation. Page Literary Society, Belfast - 1801 210 Scientific and Literary Society, Cork - 1819 211 Natural History and Philosophical Society, Bel- fast - - 1821 211 Cuvierian Society, Cork - 1836 213 Natural History Society, Londonderry - 1837 214 Statistical Society of Ulster - 1838 215 Chemico- Agricultural Society of Ulster - 1845 215 XX ROLL OP THE SOCIETIES. PAET II. PRINTING CLUBS. Date of Foundation. Page Roxburghe Club - 1812 219 Bannatyne Club - 1823 228 Maitland Club - 1828 236 Oriental Translation Fund - 1828 241 Iona Club - - 1833 249 Surtees Society - 1834 250 Abbotsford Club - 1834 254 Camden Society - 1838 256 Spalding Club - - 1839 261 Irish Archaeological Society - 1840 263 Parker Society - 1840 267 Percy Society - 1840 270 Shakespeare Society - 1840 276 Society for Publication of Oriental Texts - 1841 280 Aelfric Society - 1842 282 Chetham Society - 1843 283 Sydenham Society - 1843 285 Spottiswoode Society - 1843 287 Ray Society - - 1844 289 Wernerian Club - 1844 292 Cavendish Society - 1846 293 Hakluyt Society - 1846 294 PERPETUAL DIARY ; SHOWING THE ORDINARY MEETINGS AND ANNIVERSARIES OF THE LEAENED SOCIETIES. XX111 JANUARY. Days or the Month. Aelfric Society, Subscription due. Cavendish „ do. Hakluyt „ do. Irish Archceological do. Parker „ do. Days of the Week. Monday. First and Second Mondays, Royal Society of Edinburgh. Second and Fourth „ Royal Irish Academy, 8. „ „ „ „ Royal Scottish Society of Arts, Alternate „ Roycd Institute of British Ar- chitects, 8. Tuesday. Second Tuesday, Institution of Civil Engineers, 8. Second and Fourth Tuesdays, Med. and Chirurg. Society, H- Third Tuesday, Horticultural, 2. ,, „ Linn&an, 8. Every „ Royal Physical, Edinb., 8. Wednesday. Second and Fourth Wednesdays, Pharmaceutical. Alternate „ Geological, 8|. Thursday. Second and Fourth Thursdays, Royal Soc. of Literature, 4. Every Thursday, Antiquaries, 8. „ „ (except the first), Royal, 8£. Friday. Second Friday, Astronomical, 8. Every „ Medical, Edinb,, 7. 1st. ?? ?? xxiv PERPETUAL DIARY Saturday. Second and Fourth Saturdays, Royal Botanical, 3f . Alternate „ Wernerian, Edinb., 2. FEBRUARY. Days or the Month. 2d. Ray Society, Subscription due. Days or the Week. Monday. First Monday, Antiquarian, Newcastle, Anniversary, 12. First and Third Mondays, Royal, Edinb. Second and Fourth „ Royal Irish Academy, 8. „ „ „ Roy. Scot Soc. Arts, 8. Alternate „ British Architects, 8. Tuesday. First and Third Tuesdays, Linncean, 8. Second and Fourth „ Med. and Chirurg., 8 Third Tuesday, Horticultural, 2. Every „ Civil Engineers. „ „ Royal Physical, Edinburgh, 8. Wednesday. Second Wednesday, Geological, Dublin, Anniversary. Second and Fourth Wednesdays, Pharmaceutical. Alternate „ Geological, 8i. Thursday. Second and Fourth Thursdays, Roy. Soc. Literature, 4. Every Thursday, Antiquaries, 8. „ „ Royal, 8i. Friday. Second Friday, Astronomical, Anniversary, 3. Third „ Geological, 8i. Every „ Medical, Edinb., 7. FOE ALL THE SOCIETIES. XXV Saturday. Second and Fourth Saturdays, Royal Botanical, 3£. Alternate „ Wemerian, Edinb., 2. MAECH. Days of the Month. 1st. Chetham Society, Subscription due. „ Med. and Chirurg., Anniversary, 8£. [In the first week], Archaeological Association, Anniversary. 8th. Medical, Lond., Anniversary, 8. 15 th. Statistical, Anniversary, 3. 16th. Royal Irish Academy, Anniversary. 25th. Sydenham, Subscription due. 30th. Chemical, Anniversary, 8. Days of the Week. Monday. First and Third Mondays, Royal, Edinb. Second and Fourth „ Roy. Scot. Soc. Arts, 8. Alternate „ British Architects, 8, except during Passion and Easter weeks. Tuesday. First and Third Tuesdays, Horticultural, 3. „ „ ,, Linnaian, 8. Second and Fourth „ Med. and Chirur., 8J-. Every Tuesday „ Civil Engineers, except in E . week. Every Tuesday „ Royal Physical Edinb., 8. Wednesday. Second and Fourth Wednesdays, Pharmaceutical. Alternate „ Geological, 8-J-. a XXVI PERPETUAL DIARY Thursday. Second Thursday, Botanical, Edinb., Anniversary. Second and Fourth Thursdays, Roy. Soc. Literature, 4, except in E. week. Every Thursday, Antiquaries, 8, except E. week. „ „ Royal, 8J, except in P. and E, weeks. Friday. Second Friday, Astronomical, 8. Every „ Medical, JEdinb., 7. Saturday. Second Saturday, Harveian, JEdinb., Anniversary. Second and Fourth Saturdays, Royal Botanical, 3f . Alternate „ Wernerian, Edinburgh, 2. APRIL. Days or the Month. 1st. Maitland Club, Subscriptions due. 23d. (St. George's Day), Antiquaries, Anniversary, 8. Days of the Week. Monday. First and Third Mondays, Royal, Edinb. Second and Fourth „ Royal Irish Academy, 8. „ „ „ Roy. Scot. Soc. Arts, 8. Alternate „ „ British Architects, 8, except in P. and E. weeks. Tuesday. First and Third Tuesdays, Horticultural, 3. „ „ „ Linncean, 8. Second and Fourth „ Med. and Chirurg., 8£. Every Tuesday, Civil Engineers, 8, except in E. week. „ „ Royal Physical, Edinb., 8. FOR ALL THE SOCIETIES. XXvii Wednesday. Second and Fourth Wednesdays, Pharmaceutical. Alternate „ Geological, 8£. Thursday. Second Thursday, Roy. Soc. Literature, 4, except in E, week. Last „ „ Anniversary, 4, except in E. week. Every Thursday, Antiquaries, 8, except in E. week. „ „ Royal, 8£, except in P. and E. weeks. Friday. Second Friday, Astronomical, 8. Every „ Medical, Edinb., 7. Saturday. Second and Fourth Saturdays, Royal Botanical, 3-J. Alternate „ Wernerian, Edinb., 2. MAY. Days or the Month. 1st, Camden Society, Subscription due. „ Percy „ do. „ Horticultural „ Anniversary, 3. 24th. Linncean „ Anniversary, 8. Days or the Week. Monday. First Monday, British Architects, Anniversary, 8, First and Third Mondays, Royal, Edinb. Second and Fourth „ Royal Irish Academy, 8. Fourth Monday, Royal Geographical, Anniversary, 8£. Alternate Mondays, British Architects, 8. a 2 xxviii PEKPETUAL DIARY Tuesday. First Tuesday, Horticultural, 3. „ „ Linncean, 8. Second Roy. Zoolog , Ireland, Anniversary, 8. Second and Fourth Tuesdays, Med. and Chirurg., 8^. Third Tuesday, Pharmaceutical, Anniversary. Every „ Civil Engineers, 8, except in Whitsun week. Wednesday. Second and Fourth Wednesdays, Pharmaceutical. Alternate „ Geological, 8|. Thursday. Second and Fourth Thursdays, Roy. Soc. Literature, 4. Every Thursday, Antiquaries, 8, except in Whitsun week. „ ,, Royal, 8J, except in Whitsun week and on Ascension Day. Friday. First Friday, Philos. and Literary, Leeds, Anniversary, 7. Second „ Astronomical, 8. Fourth „ Philological, Anniversary, 8. Saturday. Second Saturday, Royal Asiatic, Anniversary, 2. Second and Fourth Saturdays, Royal Botanical, 3 J. JUNE. Days of thh Month. 17th. Roxburghe Club, Dinner. Days of the Week. Monday. First and Third Mondays, Royal, Edinb. Alternate „ British Architects, FOR ALL THE SOCIETIES. XXIX Tuesday. First Tuesday, Horticultural, 2. First and Third Tuesdays, Linncean, 8. Second and Fourth „ Med. and Chirurg., 8 J. Every Tuesday, Civil Engineers, 8. Wednesday. Alternate Wednesdays, Geological, 8J. Second and Fourth „ Pharmaceutical. Thursday. Every Thursday, Antiquaries, 8. „ „ Royal, 8|. Second and Fourth Thursdays, Roy. Soc. Literature, 4. Friday. Second Friday, Astronomical, 8. Saturday. Second and Fourth Saturdays, Royal Botanical, 3-J. JULY. Days of the Week. Tuesday. First Tuesday, Horticultural, 3. Wednesday. Second and Fourth Wednesdays, Pharmaceutical. Saturday. Second and Fourth Saturdays, Royal Botanical, 3f . AUGUST. Days of the Month. 10th. Royal Botanical, Anniversary, 1. XXX PERPETUAL DIARY Days or the Week. Tuesday. First Tuesday, Horticultural, 3. Wednesday. Second and Fourth Wednesdays, Pharmaceutical, Saturday. Second and Fourth Saturdays, Royal Botanical, 3f . SEPTEMBER. Days of the Week. Tuesday. First Tuesday, Horticultural, 3. Wednesday. Second and Fourth Wednesdays, Pharmaceutical. Saturday. Second and Fourth Saturdays, Royal Botanical, 3f . OCTOBER. Days or the Month. 15th. Wernerian Club, Subscription due. Days or the Week. Monday. Third Monday, Literary and Philosophy Liverpool, Anni- versary, 7. Tuesday. Third Tuesday, Civil Engineers, Ireland, Anniversary, 8. Wednesday. Wednesday nearest full moon, Berwickshire Nat. Club, Anniversary. Saturday. Second and Fourth Saturdays, Royal Botanical, 3f . FOR ALL THE SOCIETIES. XXXI NOVEMBER. Days of the Month. 6th. Cambridge Philosophical Society, Anniversary, 7. 29th. Botanical, Anniversary, 8. 30th. (St. Andrew's Day), Antiquaries, Scotland, Anniver- sary, 3. 30th. Royal, Election of Officers and Council, 8 } >t Days of the Week. Monday. First Monday, British Architects, 8. „ „ Dublin University Philosophical, Anniversary, 8. First and Third Mondays, Royal, Edinb. Second Monday, Royal Irish Academy, 8. „ „ Roy. Scot. Soc. Arts, Anniversary, 8. Fourth „ „ „ 8. „ „ Royal, Edinb., Anniversary. Alternate Mondays, British Architects, 8. Tuesday. First Tuesday, Horticultural, 2. First and Third Tuesdays, Linncean, 8. Second and Fourth „ Med. and Chirurg., 8^. Every Tuesday, Royal Physical, Edinb., 8. Wednesday. Second and Fourth Wednesdays, Pharmaceutical. Alternate „ Geological, 8J. Thursday. Second and Fourth Thursdays, Royal Soc. Literature, 3. Third and following „ Royal, 8*, except week of Anniversary. Every Thursday, Antiquaries, 8. Friday. First Friday, Medical, Edinb., Anniversary, 7. „ „ Nat. Hist., Dublin, Anniversary, 8. Second „ Astronomical, 8. Every „ Medical, Edinb., 7. XXxii PERPETUAL DIARY. Saturday. Second and Fourth Saturday, Royal Botanical, 3f . Alternate „ Wernerian, Edinb., 2. DECEMBER. Days or the Month. 22d. Spalding Club, Anniversary. Days of the Week. Monday. First and Third Mondays, Royal, Edinb. Second Monday, Royal Irish Academy, 8. Second and Fourth Mondays, Roy. Scot. Soc. Arts, 8. Alternate „ British Architects, except in Christmas week. Tuesday. First Tuesday, Horticultural, 2. Second „ Med. and Chirur., 8£. Every „ Royal Physical, Edinb., 8. Wednesday. Second and Fourth Wednesdays, Pharmaceutical. Alternate „ Geological, 8£. Thursday. Second and Fourth Thursdays, Roy. Soc. Liter., 4. Every Thursday, Antiquaries, 8. „ „ Royal, 8i, except in Christmas week. Friday. Second Friday, Astronomical, 8. Every Friday, Medical, Edinb., 7. Saturday. Second and Fourth Saturdays, Royal Botanical, 3|. Alternate „ Wernerian, Edinb., 2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO THE LEARNED SOCIETIES AND PRINTING CLUBS. B 3 I. General Characteristics. The associations that are known by the name i. Learned J Societies, of " Learned Societies," in this, and in other J^f they countries of the world, consist of intellectual men, voluntarily united, for the purpose of pro- moting knowledge generally, or some particular branch of it. It is assumed in all of them, ex- cept the very humblest, that the members are already learned either in a greater or less de- gree; and one. object of their union is to enable themselves to keep pace with the literary and scientific progress of their own times. In the case of the most important societies, the members are the most distinguished men of the age in their various departments ; and the ap- parently selfish object of simply acquiring in- formation is lost in the more useful one of communicating it, in making discoveries, de- ducing general laws from numerous facts, cor- recting false theories, and rendering knowledge accessible and pleasing. In the character of the objects pursued — ^Different and in like manner, in the character of the members associated — there is a marked dis- tinction. In some cases, the societies assume B 2 4 LEARNED SOCIETIES. an exclusive or professional character; mothers, they are partially so ; and in others, still, they are not at all so. Thus, the medical societies, and those for architects and engineers, are quite of a professional kind, though of great importance to society in general ; and, although other persons are in certain cases admissible, the working of each society must naturally fall upon those who are specially qualified. The Geological Society, again, though valuable to all for its general results, is most useful to the practical miner ; the Society of Arts is useful, individually, to a large number of people in active business ; the Society for promoting the Study of Gothic Architecture consists mainly of the clergy ; and the Astronomical Society, the Horticultural, &c, are evidently of greatest moment, in the first instance, to particular classes of persons. On the other hand, the Royal Society, and all of those for the pro- motion of general literature, philosophy, and natural history, are established upon the most comprehensive plan ; and accordingly they em- brace men of all varieties of opinion upon other subjects, and of almost every occupation. 3. profes - It must not be supposed that a society is less 52?useSSr entitled to the designation " learned," because the researches of its members are occasionally or permanently connected with professional or semi-professional subjects. On the contrary, that is the very circumstance which often enables I. CHARACTERISTICS. 5 it to benefit true learning most decidedly. The energies of its members are not expended in generalities, still too abstruse for a few ; nor are its transactions filled with matter, some of which the initiated regard as puerility. When an association consists of men who are all con- versant with a certain subject, there is a con- centration of ideas on a high class of topics ; the persons who are best qualified to turn knowledge to a useful account are those in whose hands it is placed ; and the ideas which become current with the sanction of the best authorities, are useful by their truth, to thou- sands, who care nothing for the manner in which they were elicited. In these circumstances, it is somewhat difficult to say what societies are strictly professional and what are not; in the same way that the term " Learned Societies V is itself somewhat indefinite. In general, how- ever, these forms of expression are sufficiently well understood in society, without the formality of definition. The Learned Societies are otherwise divided J; t J into incorporated and unincorporated. In the natl latter case, there is not necessarily any element of permanence about them : their constitution may be changed at any time by the concurrence of a due majority of the members ; their objects, rules, and machinery may become totally altered in the same way ; or they may silently cease b 3 LEARNED SOCIETIES. to act, or become formally dissolved. But a society that is 6( incorporated by Royal Charter" is an official body publicly and legally recog- nised ; it has perpetual succession and a common seal; and the statutes or bye laws, which are framed for the ordinary guidance of the mem- ber s ? must be in perfect accordance with the stipulations or principles of the charter. Soci- eties of this kind naturally take precedence of all others ; and where several are in other re- spects, (or are assumed to be) of equal import- ance, priority of incorporation is a reasonable ground of distinction. In like manner, the ordinary societies are arranged according to the dates of their " foundation/' " establishment/' or " institution ; " but a difference requires to be made between such as are connected with the metropolis of a country, and are therefore national, and such as are centralised in some great town, and are provincial only. The " British Association for the Advancement of Science" occupies a position somewhat anoma- lous, for it is national in its objects, compre- hensiveness, and utility, but provincial in the locality of its operations. It matters little, however, where such a society is placed in the arrangement adopted here, as no one who is acquainted with the true character and proceed- ings of the Association can question its great value and respectability. In the rules of the British Association, the I. CHARACTERISTICS. 7 most important learned societies of the country are designated under the title of " Chartered Societies publishing Transactions ; " and it must be evident that these form but a small portion of the whole, as in the majority of cases a charter is never thought of, and in others, the members are deterred by expense, or by practical difficulties of a different kind. In London there are probably not more than ten or twelve societies answering to the two con- ditions ; in Scotland scarcely half that number, and in Ireland only one. The only society of the kind in the provinces is the Cambridge Philosophical Society. It is interesting to compare the dates of J JJSJ^, foundation with those of incorporation, and p r o 0 rTtio n n C . or * thus to see how long each society acted in its voluntary form, before it was thought worthy of being placed upon a more permanent basis. The Royal Society was incorporated at so early a period of its history that the two dates are usually confounded; and the Royal Irish Academy was actually incorporated at the pe- riod of its establishment. The Royal Society of Literature, and a few others of modern origin, received their charters almost at the commencement ; while, on the contrary, the Geological Society was without it for seventeen years, and the Royal Society of Edinburgh for nearly half a century. b 4 8 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Lme, a wlen f The official names of the incorporated so- allowable. ... i i i i • i • cieties are unchangeable, being always coinci- dent with those by which they are called in their respective charters ; while those of other societies have no permanence beyond the wish of the members. Even in the latter, however, there is often a loose designation adopted for the sake of brevity; while the more formal one is that which is found in the Laws of the society. When it is thought desirable to change the name of any society to a more appropriate one, the period of incorporation is the most fitting opportunity for it ; and several, we find, have taken advantage of that occasion to do so. Thus, in 1783, the " Philosophical Society of Edinburgh" became the " Eoyal Society of Edinburgh;" in 1831, the " Astronomical Society of London " became the " Royal Astronomical Society; " and, in 1832, the " Cambridge University Philosophical Society " became permanently the Cambridge Philo- sophical Society." s. Abbrevia. The permanence and authority which are tions, their * J nature> attached to the names, belong also to their abbreviations ; and hence we have some guide to the right and wrong of certain small matters, on which almost every one pretends to be a judge. It must be evident, that the initial letters which indicate the official name in the simplest and plainest way, are the correct ones, I. CHARACTERISTICS. and that all others are more or less incorrect. Thus, " F. R. S." is the formula in universal use, to denote a Fellow of the Royal Society ; " F. R. S* E." denotes, in like manner, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ; and "M.R.I.A." a Member of the Royal Irish Academy. Now it is quite true that " Member" is a term so general as to represent any indi- vidual, male or female, connected with any society, " learned " or unlearned, incorporated or unincorporated; and yet " M. R. S." would be an incorrect designation of a Fellow of the Royal Society. It would be so, because the other formula is the current one, and also, be- cause in the charter of the Royal Society, its members are officially designated " Fellows." In the Royal Irish Academy, and the Royal Society of Literature this is not the case, and of course it is not the case either, in the societies which are not incorporated. The members of all learned societies are understood to be gen- tlemen and scholars; they should, therefore, avoid the capricious and erroneous use of their respective symbols, otherwise those symbols will cease to represent distinct ideas, and will thus be brought into undeserved contempt. One is occasionally surprised by an array of letters quite at variance with the nomenclature of the learned, and which sets all explanation at defiance. 10 LEARNED SOCIETIES. uU^f them j -^ or ^ e sa ^ e °^ ordinary readers, it may be thought allowable to notice, in passing, some of the most common errors ; and the remarks will perhaps also tend to promote the desired uni- formity. The formula "F.R. A. S." is occa- sionally used to denote a Member of the Royal Asiatic Society, as well as a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, though it belongs in strictness to the latter only. Each member of the Asiatic Society (which is not chartered) is " M. R. A. S.," and therefore the alteration to "F.R. Ast. S." is unnecessary, even if allow- able. The Fellows of the " Society of An- tiquaries" sign indiscriminately, " F. S. A." and " F. A. S. ; " but the latter is incorrect or less correct. One of the two forms is some- times thought to indicate the Members of the Society of Arts ; but this society is not char- tered, nor do its members use any such letters. Some, too, without authority, prefix "Royal" to the title of the " Society of Antiquaries," and thus its Fellows are not distinguishable from those of the Astronomical and Asiatic Societies. The Associates of the Royal Society of Litera- ture are occasionally mistaken, from their de- signation, (" F. R. S. L.") for Fellows of the Royal Society ; and a member of the Chemical Society has been supposed to belong to the Medical and Chirurgical Society. A Fellow of the Geological Society is correctly known I. CHARACTERISTICS. 13 by « F. G. S.," and a member of the Eoyal Geographical Society by " M. K. G. S. ; * but the latter occasionally creates confusion, by writing " F. K. G. S. ; " and some one, trying to avoid the ambiguity, which should never have been caused, writes " F. R. Geogr. S." The correct and established forms bear to the incorrect ones nearly the same relation that legal evidence does to conversational state- ments; the one is like an armorial bearing sanctioned by the Heralds' College, the other is an " assumptive " shield. Almost all the societies in England were 10. varieties . * n designa- estabhshed before the corresponding ones in tion - Scotland and Ireland ; and hence we find that the designation denoting locality is invariably, or almost invariably, appended to the latter. Thus we speak of the Geological Society of Edinburgh or Dublin, and use the proper abbreviation for the expression; but no one, even in Ireland or Scotland would currently use the letters " F. G. S. L." We find, how- ever, that the "Medical Society" was instituted at Edinburgh in 1734, and that a similar one, called the " Medical Society of London" was instituted in 1773. In the same way the "Botanical Society" [of Edin- burgh] was instituted in March, 1836; and another, that was instituted in November of the same year, is called the " Botanical Society b 6 12 LEARNED SOCIETIES. of London" The former claimed, and uses on behalf of all its members, the unappropriated term " Fellow " (" F. B. S. E."); the other uses the term " Member " (" M. B. S.' 7 )- II. Uses. ii. inteiiec. Independent of the general effect which all Sual society. these societies produce upon the public, they are of great importance to their own members. There is, in the first instance, the companion- ship with men of similar tastes and habits, and perhaps of the same general pursuits; with many who regard as important, the facts and authorities in literature and science which we have ourselves been accustomed to value, and who, perhaps, have satisfied their thirst for knowledge at the same fountain, and at the very same time with ourselves. The meeting of several of these at stated intervals, on the common ground of friendship as well as of literary or scientific inquiry, is a gratification which is justly prized by the members; and many testify that they are improved not less by the casual remarks of the more eminent, than by the more formal communications provided by the Society. Even when the man of ex- alted intellect unbends from his habitual pur- suits, he affords unconsciously an illustration of II. USES. 13 the fact, that the slightest bubbling from such a " sunny fountain" may carry down gold with its sand. In societies of several years' standing, there 12 - Libraries, J apparatus,&c. are usually certain conveniences for inquiry, not otherwise or elsewhere procurable. Thus, one of the first objects in the smallest provincial town where such a society can be organised, is to procure a Museum ; and, when once a be- ginning is made, the liberality of individuals aids or surpasses the more direct efforts. Thus the teaching that would be abstract is happily illustrated; remarks respecting the various kingdoms of nature are made plain and com- prehensible by the actual specimens ; and, inde- pendent of the mere amount of knowledge imparted, the inquirer is prepared to give to the teachings of science, in future, a favourable hearing. In the larger societies there are often valuable collections of Philosophical Apparatus for illustrating known principles or searching for unknown ; and the difficulties which would have been insuperable to individuals, vanish before their legitimate combination. There are also valuable Libraries connected with most of the societies, many of the books being of such a kind that they are not now in the market, or never were generally read. Some are valuable simply for their rarity, others for their age ; many for their contents, their illus- 14 LEARNED SOCIETIES. trations, &c. The members, therefore, are placed in the way of attaining a familiarity with the subjects embraced by their particular society ; but it is not to be expected that they will be equally zealous in using these advan- tages. They have generally the means, too, of informing themselves on kindred subjects of inquiry, for the laudable custom prevails of interchanging Transactions ; so that each society becomes possessed of the publications of its various contemporaries, for a like number of copies of its own. From these advantages, which are of a cen- tral kind, the country members, or those who are non-resident, are cut off. They can neither hear the papers, nor join in the conversation at the re-unions, nor use the apparatus, nor con- sult the authorities in the library. There are advantages which they possess notwithstanding ; and, perhaps, their relish for these enjoyments is increased when an opportunity does present itself. Coming at intervals from the monotony of a secluded parish, or from the turmoil and selfishness of a country town, the non- resident member breathes a new atmosphere; his ideas flow again in a channel that is almost choked up ; a former state of existence is re- newed ; and his impressions, if more rare, are at the same time more vivid and pleasurable than those of his fellows, to whom the oppor- II. USES. 15 tunities are ever open. He has, besides, the consciousness of being a Member, which is to a certain extent a recommendation ; for his claims to the honour were duly stated, they were duly investigated by men competent to judge, and he was duly elected. The members of Learned Societies are, perhaps, too much in the habit of undervaluing the standing acquired in this way, just as many without the pale, especially non- graduates, are in the habit of overvaluing it : but whether the public stare at the distinctions or sneer at them, as their ignorance or their prejudice preponderates, the man of information and sound judgment will estimate them at their real worth. In one respect, the non-resident member is u. pubiica- A tions, their equal with him who is resident, as they receive character * the same publications from the society. The most important papers are always printed, either entire or in abstract, and the members have all equally the privilege of reading leisurely, and in detail, what perhaps did not receive justice when presented in open meeting. These pub- lications, when preserved from year to year, show that the progress of knowledge, though often slow, is steady; and they enable us at any time to revert to former scenes and former inquiries; which are interesting, independent of their value, from the fact that we took part in them at the time. The successive volumes, 16 LEARNED SOCIETIES. then, record the progress of the society's mind, so to speak, from year to year, and from age to age. And just as a single thread may some- times be traced in the length and volutions of a strong band, so the progress of an individual mind may sometimes be read in these Trans- actions ; from the time when suggestions were made by the youth, in fear and trembling, to the period when he read a new law from the book of Nature, and with a humility that graced even his distinction, scattered instruction in every accent of his lips. III. History, is. The The history of Learned Societies in this country Royal So- J * ciet y- does not extend farther back than the middle of the seventeenth century ; for, though private associations did exist at an earlier period, for purposes somewhat similar, it was only then that they assumed any thing like their present form. From the period of the Restoration to the reign of Queen Anne, the Royal Society stood alone ; and a melancholy picture its early transactions present to us of the state of science at the time. To quote a few of the questions propounded, and recorded with much gravity and commendation by Sprat, in his History of the Society, would only provoke ridicule in III. HISTORY, 17 these times ; a feeling that we must admit to be unjust, while we know it to be irresistible. The true shape of the earth had been inferred, but it had not been thoroughly demonstrated ; the Copernican system had been but recently acknowledged; many seas had not yet been sailed over, and the wonders of Columbus, Drake, and Magellan had prepared men's minds for extensive credulity ; the composition of bodies was but little understood ; and informa- tion on scientific subjects, whether by books or otherwise, was not so readily transmitted as it is now. We might as well, therefore, attempt to estimate the acquirements of Archimedes or Hiero by the contents of a modern encyclo- paedia, as to judge of scientific men of two centuries ago, by the standard which is appli- cable to ourselves. In 1707 the Society of Antiquaries assumed is. others to J x the beginning its present form; in 1734 the Medical Society ^ r t y Mscen ' of Edinburgh was founded, and in 1739 the framework of the Royal Society of that city. In 1752 the Harveian Society was instituted in Edinburgh, and in the following year the Society of Arts in London; in 1771 the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh, and in 1773 the Medical Society of London, on the model of that previously founded in Edinburgh. About the same period, the Juridical Society was in- stituted in the northern metropolis; and in 18 LEARNED SOCIETIES. 1780 the antiquaries of North Britain imitated those of London in founding a society for simila objects. In 1781 the first provincial society was established at Manchester; and in 1784 the first provincial society in Scotland was in- stituted at Perth. In 1786 the Royal Irish Academy was incorporated, for promoting in- quiry on literary, scientific, and antiquarian subjects at Dublin; and in 1788 the Linnsean was founded at London. Of those which re- main, these were all that were known at the beginning of the present century; but there may have been others, which either dissolved into their original elements, or which became merged into similar societies; either of which grounds is a sufficient reason for their omission in this sketch. 17. Numerous On looking at a list of the societies, one is at present, 0 wh ^- surprised to see how many of them have ori- ginated since the termination of the last war ; only two having sprung up in London between the beginning of the century and the battle of Waterloo, and not one in either Edinburgh or Dublin ! The human mind, like the body, has a certain amount of energy that must be ex- pended; and we are not to suppose that we have increased the capabilities of our species, when we have only turned them into a dif- ferent channel. In 1831, when Mr. Phillips was issuing circulars previous to the first meet- III. HISTORY. 19 mg of the British Association, he addressed thirty-nine societies ; but several of them were of no great importance, and so many as nine were in Yorkshire. Since that time, more than twenty new r societies have been called into ex- istence in London alone, and a still greater number in the other parts of the United King- dom ! It is not easy to say how many there are in all, for as this is the first attempt to produce them in regular order it is no doubt in some respects deficient. There may be societies well deserving of a prominent record, whose con- ductors, either from accident or negligence, have not responded to the invitation of corre- spondence ; and, on the other hand, there may be some here, which, from their small con- nexion with learning, and from not publishing transactions, would be excluded on a strict revisal. The nature of these societies is very varied, J 8 - Peculiar J features. according to the objects to which they are in- tended to be subservient. Thus, in the char- tered societies, where membership is more a mark of respectability, the fees are large; in the new societies, the advantages must, if pos- sible, more than counterbalance the expense. In the Geological, the Archaeological, &c, whose success depends in a great degree upon numerous observations in a variety of places, it is desirable to have a large number of memr 20 LEARNED SOCIETIES. bers ; in Natural History societies, or in the Microscopic society, where each one is per- haps anxious to apply his eye to a minute object, a large number of members produces funds, but is in other respects inconvenient. In those which are expected to affect the public directly, as the Society of Arts, the Botanical and the Horticultural Societies, there are public exhibitions and the awarding of prizes ; in the Royal Astronomical Society, and others like it* though honorary rewards are occasionally dis- tributed, there are no exhibitions. The British Association is itinerating, and at every halting place it kindles the torch of science afresh ; the Archaeological Societies are also itinerating, and without administering a direct rebuke, they awaken a respect for hoar antiquity, preserving as much as possible of the valued parts from the qualified barbarism of our times. Thus each in its own way, contributes to the general improvement ; and the peculiarities of each are, in general, points worthy of approval. 19. Estimate One fact respecting them all is very remark- of members. Jr o J able, and that is the number of individuals who take an interest, more or less active, in the pro- gress of literature and science. It will scarcely be credited by those who are not in some de- gree familiar with the subject, that the ordinary members of the various learned societies in the United Kingdom are considerably more than IV. MEMBERSHIP. 21 twenty thousand; and deducting one fourth, —a very large proportion, — for persons who are connected with two or more such societies, we have still more than fifteen thousand in- dividuals ! Let it be observed, that these are not to be reckoned like the members of the army or the navy : they are the choice spirits of the age, the intellectual men in their various localities, the ablest in their respective depart- ments. It is a pity, that with the power which unity would impart, there is not more of a common principle of action among them; a feeling of brotherhood, and a common purpose to accomplish things at once great and good. IV. Mode of becoming a Member. We shall now suppose that a gentleman is 20. anxious to become a member of some society ; the manner in which he does so is nearly the following, of course with slight difference in the various steps, according to the laws of the particular society. Having obtained a list of the society, either 2i. e Certifi- by writing to the secretary, or through some one who is a member of it, he finds in it the names of several of his friends. He then as- certains either from the laws of the society, — procured in a similar way, — or conversationally, 22 LEARNED SOCIETIES, how many names it will be necessary to have signed to his certificate ; and the certificate is drawn up in due form. This is some- times a mere general statement, that the under- signed believe him to be a fit and proper person to be a Fellow or Member; but mother cases, as in the certificate for the Royal So- ciety, there are blanks in the form to show what the candidate has invented, what he has discovered, of what books he is the author, &c. The following is the form in use in the Royal Institute of British Architects : — Form of cer- " A. B. of , [stating the candidates tificates. 0 . " name in full, his college degree, the so- " cieties with which he is connected, and his " address,'] having read the charter and " bye laws of the Institute of British Ar- " chitects of London, and being willing " to conform thereto, is desirous of being " admitted a [mentioning the class " of members with which he wishes to become u connected]. We, the undersigned, do, " from our personal knowledge of him, fff propose and recommend him to the " council for ballot. w Witness our hands this day "of « _ Signature of candidate " -Fellows." IV. MEMBERSHIP. 23 In some instances, the laws relating to pay- ments, admission, and residence (or non-resi- dence), are printed on the back of the certificate, so that no one can be unacquainted with his duty in these respects. In other cases, it is a standing law that the Fellow who proposes a candidate must inform him of these matters ; for it has occasionally happened in more than one of the societies, that gentlemen who were elected in ignorance of these regulations have afterwards declined to become members. The certificate having been forwarded to the 22. Interval , ,. , -| ,. for inquiry. secretary, it is publicly read at some ordinary meeting of the society, and is then posted in a conspicuous part of the room for a period which rarely exceeds a month. In the societies which do not possess apartments for the resort of the members, such as a library, museum, &c, it is more usual simply to print the names of can- didates in the circulars calling meetings ; on one, two, or three occasions, as the rules of the society may require, and with or without the names of those who recommend them. At the appointed time, the candidate is bal- 23, Election, loted for at an ordinary meeting ; and if he has a sufficient majority in his favour, as required by the laws, (generally two thirds, three fourths, or four fifths,) he is declared duly elected. In some societies, where social qualifications are as important as intellectual ones, a single dis- 24 LEARNED SOCIETIES. sentient vote excludes the candidate ; in others, where a large accession of members is desirable, the election is secured by a simple majority. There is rarely any opposition offered to a can- didate who is brought forward by members of standing and respectability ; but it sometimes happens, that a society is considered to be as large as is desirable, and then there may be individual members who will oppose every can- didate, on principle. . This is said to have been the case in the Royal Society for several years past ; and hence the number of negative votes at any one's election, was regarded in part at least, as an index of the number of those mem- bers who were present. 24. intima- It is next the duty of the secretary to inti- tion. mate to the late candidate, in due form, the fact of his election, and the further steps which it is necessary for him to take. The following is the form in the Society of Antiquaries : — Form of inti- " Sir, " As secretary of the Society of Antiquaries, " I have the honour to inform you that " on Thursday evening last, at the meet- " ing of the Society, at Somerset Place, " you were duly elected a Fellow of that " learned body. I take, sir, the first op- cc portunity of congratulating you, in their " name, upon the occasion ; and at the IV. MEMBERSHIP. 25 cc same time must beg leave to acquaint ts you, that, by our Statutes, we must re- u quest you to be present at some one " Meeting of the Society (not exceeding " the fourth after your Election) in order u to be admitted in due form. " I am, sir, with much respect, " Your most obedient humble servant," " Somerset Place." (A postscript states the fees which should be paid, and the time and manner of paying them.) In the majority of societies, the ceremony of 25. Admis- sion. admitting a new member publicly is not in use, it being considered sufficient that he pays the fees and signs the laws. In some, it is nominally made imperative, but practically dis- pensed with ; in one, the names of Fellows not admitted are printed in italics; and in the Royal Society, and perhaps about two others, the ceremony is indispensable, as without it the election is void. The fees having been duly paid by the new member, and the laws having been signed in presence of the Society, he is introduced to the President for the even- ing, generally by one of the gentlemen who signed his certificate. The President, taking him by the hand, then pronounces the follow- ing words, or others similar : — c 26 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Form of admission. I do, by the authority, and in the name, of " the Royal Society of London, for im- (€ proving natural knowledge, admit you a " Fellow thereof." 26. Other iorms. Form to 6e signed. After this ceremony, the new member is legally on the same footing as the others ; he takes his seat among them, receives the cir- culars and . publications, attends the meetings, is eligible to the various offices, records his vote, recommends new members, and his name is announced in the list of the society, not in the order of his election, but in the order of the alphabet. The list of the Society of An- tiquaries enables us to ascertain the proportions of fellows not admitted. In 1844, there were 568, of whom 54, or fewer than one-tenth, had not been admitted. The various parts of this general outline are variously filled up in the different societies ; and some dispense with the official formulas, as well as with the ceremonies to which they more immediately belong. The following docu- ments, mutatis mutandis, are applicable to almost any society : — ■ 1. u I, the undersigned, being elected a " Fellow of the Royal Astronomical So- " ciety, do hereby promise that I will be " governed by the charter and bye-laws " of the said society, as they are now IV. MEMBERSHIP. 27 out the size of a monthly magazine, specify- ing every item of business as it occurred, and giving abstracts of papers more or less copious, * Murchison's Outline, 2d edit. Murray, London, f 8vo. Van Yoorst, London. Y. BUSINESS. 37 or occasionally an entire paper. In some so- cieties these are sent forth by post, in sheets or half sheets, as they are produced, and are paged continuously ; so that, with the addition of a title-page, index, &c. they may form a volume in two or three sessions. In almost all of the large societies, however, there is a marked distinction between these 8vo. sheets of Proceedings, and the more formal Trans- actions; the former of which, like many of the varieties noticed, and said to be "published," are really not procurable by the public at all, but are privately printed for the use of the members. The Transactions consist of select papers 38. Trans- A * actions. published at length; in some cases they are abridged slightly, to suit the convenience of space or subject, and in others they are greatly extended, either in themselves or by references, authorities, and illustrations. Transactions are generally published in the 4to. form; and in many instances they contain beautiful illus- trations. In the largest metropolitan societies a volume is completed annually, either at a single publication or in two parts ; but in so- cieties less prominent, important papers are published in parts or fasciculi, at irregular in- tervals, paged continuously, and it may be several years before there is a sufficient quan- tity to make a volume. These are in almost 38 LEARNED SOCIETIES. every instance actual publications, procurable through booksellers, but at an increase upon the price paid by members. In some societies, as the Royal Geographical and Geological, the Transactions assume the form of an 8vo. Journal; this is often perused with a keener relish by the public than by the actual mem- bers, and it has the advantages of making the information less exclusive, and of drawing attention favourably to the labours of the society. 39. Printing The superintendence of the Printing;, when Committees. *■ ° not specially provided for, is part of the duty of the Council ; and they may delegate the duty to any portion of their own number, or to other suitable persons. In such a matter the services of the Secretary are indispensable, and, in certain cases, he is responsible for the correction of the press. When the duties are honorary, however, it is usual to have more than one secretary, and the business cannot be done effectually upon a respectable or very useful scale, without such an adequate supply of officers. 40. Frizes. In many societies prizes are awarded, occa- sionally in the form of money, either for the performance of prescribed tasks, or for papers written upon subjects selected by the writers. Sometimes these are confined to the members of the respective societies, and again, competition from without is courted. The following plan VI. REFLECTIONS. 39 is adopted in the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the Royal Irish Academy, and other societies. The prize is offered for the best paper produced before the society, and the laws at the same time permit a stranger to lay a paper before the society, if the Council think it of sufficient merit. Thus, while the competition is nom- inally, and perhaps practically restricted to members of the society, there is in reality no exclusiveness ; and every man of talent feels that there is no difficulty, external or insu- perable, to prevent him from claiming with the society, one day, the interesting relationship of merit. In some cases, the paper so read is expected to become the property of the society ; but, in these cases, the distinctions lose their value and become totally diverted from their original purpose. The prize must be of consi- derable importance, which will induce a man of standing or capability, to surrender the copy- right of a valuable paper, or even to enter into competition, where such a thing is understood or suggested. VI. Reflections and Suggestions. The extent to which " Division of Labour " Depart- mental has been carried in scientific inquiry, is truly Societies - astonishing. In the mental as in the physical LEARNED SOCIETIES. wo rid j mankind seem anxious to manufacture for the wholesale trade ; and each narrows the range of his inquiries and investigations to a point, that his ideas may be more permanently concentered upon it. In former times, it was thought sufficient if Literature and Science were prosecuted generally ; now, division has only suggested further subdivision. There are separate societies for astronomy, chemistry, geography, and geology ; there is a separate one for the use of the microscope ; and almost every branch of natural history is represented by a peculiar class of inquirers. Without noticing the general effect of this continuous separation, one is forcibly shown that the progress of science in the country is both steady and rapid. It is not enough to entertain general ideas upon a subject, it must be known and is sought for in minute detail. Nor is it possible to look upon the fact without gratification, that all these societies receive respectable support ; that however we may narrow the circle, there is a numerous body of men to be found in the country, whose occasional or habitual inquiries lie within the limits of its circumference. It is a satisfactory evidence that there is a vast amount of intellectual capital ; which, like a swollen river, readily pours its redundance into any new channel, without apparently diminish- ing the copiousness of its waters. The zoologist VI. REFLECTIONS. 41 will probably think of the polypus, in illustra- tion ; which may be divided into minute por- tions, each of which becomes a perfect animal, capable of multiplication in like manner, to an indefinite extent. A few years ago, it was seriously asked, what would become of the Royal Society, if the institution of so many separate societies went forward. It was thought that the various Depart- mental Societies, — to call them by anew name, — would monopolise the valuable information on their respective subjects ; and that the Royal Society, after a lapse of nearly two centuries, would become a rope of sand, and its Transac- tions the depository only of such matter as was not provided for elsewhere. Yet we look upon it to-day, when the departmental system has reached the utmost limit yet known, though it may be far from its maximum, and we find that at no period of its history has it occupied a more important or independent position. After raising its fees to the highest judicious limit, and after subsequently adding fifty per cent, to the fee for composition, it is obliged to assume a new position, and limit the number of new members by law. No matter how high the qualifications of the applicants, no matter how urgent their importunity, no matter what sums they are prepared to pay, only fifteen can be elected annually. One reason of this success 42 LEARNED SOCIETIES. of the Royal Society, is similar to that assigned for the superiority of our navy. The Fellows who have been elected of late years have not been novices in the matters brought before their notice, but as ordinary members, coun- cillors, or officers have served a useful appren- ticeship in the less important societies, and have obtained unconsciously the most excellent training. Thus, instead of one society origi- nating or supporting its existence at the ex- pense of another, both are benefited, at the same time with science generally ; and the fact that this is so, is a pleasing " set off" to the well known observations, both correct and im- portant, respecting the " Decline of Science" in England. 43. They There is, however, a limit to the multiplicity have a limit. - . . , . , _ (i) Intel- ot societies, which common sense readily nxes, and which the circumstances of ordinary life must fix, independently, at no very distant period. To see the matter in the light of the first, let us adopt a simple illustration. The straightening of a piece of wire has no con- nexion whatever with the cutting of it into smaller pieces of a fixed length ; and both of these processes are completely independent of a third, which is the grinding of points upon the pieces ; and of a fourth, which is the pre- paring of heads for them. Thus, the mechanical arts, which carry out some design with uni- VI. REFLECTIONS. formity in thousands of instances, present us with frequent examples of a perfect, or nearly- perfect, division of labour. But we must keep in view the fact, that though science has to do, in the majority of cases, with matter, it is in itself purely a thing of mind. It does not con- sist of the things themselves, nor of their re- lations in time and place ; for, with slight modifications, these must be ever permanent, in a barbarous as well as in an enlightened age ; in the populous city as in the desert. It con- sists rather of our knowledge and perception of these relations ; and accordingly, it is progres- sive, stationary, or retrogressive, according as the accidents of time and circumstance are favourable or otherwise. Now, as the know- ledge of every fact leads directly or indirectly to the knowledge of other facts, it is impossible that the same independence of subject can exist in science that we find in the arts. Subjects apparently the most dissimilar are yet closely connected; and the man who examines either apart from the other, will often find not only that his progress is slow, but that his ideas are one-sided and erroneous. Hence it is, that the man who is truly learned must know many subjects well, a few very respectably, and one or two particularly well; but he who knows only one subject, and is below the average in every other, can never know that subject well. 44 LEARNED SOCIETIES. The Linnsean Society, in one sense, compre- hends the more special inquiries of the Zoolo- gical, Botanical, Entomological, &c. ; the Royal Astronomical embraces a class of subjects that are ranged with mathematics on the one hand, and with natural history on the other; the antiquary ought to be familiar with architec- ture, manufactures, costume, paleography, &c. ; the geologist should understand minera- logy, natural history, physiology, chemistry, &c. ; and the member of the Royal Geogra- phical Society will find the labours of almost every workman, as well as of the mere exploring traveller, available for his purposes. Thus it is, that many men go on from year to year in the exclusive pursuit of a subject or branch of a subject, following it out only in its ramifica- tions, and forget tin 2: that it is altogether but the branch of a larger stem, related more or less intimately to a variety of collateral subject The financial objection to continued sub- division is one that is unanswerable in practice, however illogical it may appear on paper. Suppose that the Fellows of the Linnaean Society, instead of acting for a common pur- pose, agreed to divide the subjects of inquiry, and to procure the cancelling of their charter ; it is clear that several subordinate societies might be organised — say ten in all. Of these, about eight would consider themselves of sufii- 44. They have a limit. (2) Finan- VI. SUGGESTIONS. 45 cient importance to have separate apartments ; some would aim at the occasional publication of a small volume of transactions ; three or four at least would try to collect museums ; not fewer than the half would require an occasional or permanent paid officer, and all would require to pay for printing, collecting, postage, parcels, &c. Thus it is certain that the expenditure would be increased many fold, and that the actual benefits accomplished would be increased in a much smaller ratio, though possibly not at all. While each member would find himself shut out from several subjects with which he was made acquainted, at least occasionally, before, the funds would be absorbed in the accidentals, without reaching the essentials ; and no one society would be able to assume a dignified position, or to reflect honour and respectability upon its members. The illustration adopted is designedly fictitious ; but it is sufficiently well known that there are societies whose condition it describes almost literally. Now it is strange that it has not occurred to 45. The Good ° without the any of them, at all events, that it is not prac- EviL tised, to combine the advantages of union and subdivision — to centralise, and yet to maintain the present or even a greater distinction of sub- jects. For example, what is there to prevent the unchartered Natural History Societies from beino; affiliated to the Linnoean ? or the Archse- LEARNED SOCIETIES. ological Societies to the Society of Antiqua- ries ? Without entering into the detail of the means by which this might be accomplished, it must be evident that in effect they would be like an improvement upon the scientific com- mittees of the Royal Society. Every Fellow would be benefited by the more specific inqui- ries of each of these ; and they, in turn, would be benefited by the proceedings of the general society and of each other. All this supposes a union for purposes both intellectual and com- mercial ; but if circumstances make the former object inexpedient or unattainable, the latter is still of great importance. Ten or twelve of the smaller metropolitan societies might rent one large building, sufficient to contain their various collections; by varying the evening and the hour, the same room would serve for all the meetings; by an amicable reciprocity in the use of books, they would command a large library ; and the same clerk, curator, porter, collector, &c. could easily do the trifling work of all. It is not unlikely, too, that the mem- bers of one of the societies might be induced to seek a connexion with several of them ; the members of two or three societies, or of all of them, might be admissible when papers of common interest were read ; and with separate Proceedings, they might unitedly form an inter- esting annual volume of Transactions. Such VI. SUGGESTIONS. 47 an economy in the expenditure would bring corresponding advantages to all, and would prevent the humiliating spectacle of a " Learned Society/' almost in a state of bankruptcy, anxious to obtain new members for the sake of their subscriptions, but able to give them little in return except the empty use of its name. On referring; to the names and objects of the 46. Litera- ° ° ture is com- societies, especially in the metropolitan towns, Segieaed 7 we are naturally impressed with the variety of forms under which Science appears, while Lite- rature exists barely in name. Indeed, the modern and extended use of the term "science" in part accounts for this ; for we apply it now to almost any subject which is or may be fol- lowed out upon fixed principles : it is less am- biguous to say, therefore, that science is exten- sively cultivated, and literature scarcely at all. In the provinces, many societies are established upon a comprehensive basis, and nominally in- clude literature as well as philosophy or science ; but in too many cases it is only nominally, as not a single literary paper is read in some of them for years, and in others every question of a social or miscellaneous character is called literary ! In the Royal Society of Edinburgh there was formerly a literary section as well as a scientific one ; the communications, however, became few in number on the former subject, LEARNED SOCIETIES. though some of them were far from unimport- ant ; and at length the division was abandoned. This was, at least, honest ; whether it was wise or not is another question. The Royal Society of Literature has been in existence for nearly a quarter of a century, yet what has it done for literature in all that time ? Almost from the first, certainly from the death of George IV., it has been in a condition more or less unhealthy : it is to be hoped, however, that it w T ill yet sup- port and be supported, as the subject ever merits, and particularly requires in this country. A few years ago, the importance of philology and the researches upon that subject by continental scholars, led to the formation of the Philological Society ; yet even such an unpretending aux- iliary as this, literature will not be permitted to retain unquestioned, as it is now called the science of philology. The writings of Dr. Prichard have shown to Englishmen how valuable the slight materials of literature may be made in independent research ; and the Ethnological Society, instituted for prosecuting such researches, will take advantage of the phi- lological papers, and perhaps tread more or less in the same path. Adding all this, and placing to the sum whatever the Syro-Egyptian Society may do, or the Royal Asiatic, there is still a painful conviction that literature is neglected, to an extent that honest and competent wit- VI. SUGGESTIONS. 49 nesses cannot justify, and will not even excuse. The genuine effects of literature, in civilising 47. its gene- r 2 52 LEARNED SOCIETIES. they should not exhibit with these the activity, and adopt the improvements and progressive spirit, of modern times. fhoiJdbe e a On looking at the statistics of the Royal of Member*. Society, or at the laws of almost any other, respecting payments, one cannot avoid noticing how large a portion of the members are cut off from some important advantages of the society by non- residence. Yet, except in a few in- stances, they are all called upon for the same fees ; on what grounds, it would be difficult to show, either from the principles of equity or of sound policy. In some societies, the Fellows are in no better position intellectually than the public at large, though the latter can purchase the Transactions at one half, or perhaps at less than one third, of the cost of membership. For this reason, many country members would re- sign their connexion with metropolitan societies were it not " for the honour of the thing :" but to those who are not already implicated, the arrangement is so clearly a tax upon literature and science, that in thousands of instances they prefer to exist without the articles. In the Geological Society the experiment of making a distinction has been fairly tried; and it is found that the fellows who are wholly non-resident outnumber those who are located wholly or partially in the metropolis in more than the ratio of two to one ! What a body of fellow- VI. SUGGESTIONS. 53 labourers is here, giving currency and efficiency to sounder views, pouring into the one centre, contributions of facts and observations from a thousand points, and recommending, by their habitual inquiries and increasing information, a connexion with the society to others. In some societies there are obvious difficulties, which would prevent the adoption of a similar arrangement ; but in others it could be done at any time; and surely, it may be added, the sooner the better, both for their own interests and for those of the public. Considering how many men of learning there 51 - union is ° *> ° power. are in this country, and even in the subordinate parts of it, it is somewhat surprising that there is so little bond of union among them. The members of the same society are presumed to know one another after the ceremony of admis- sion ; but how often is that only a presumption? and how rarely does it extend to the members of other societies ? Except in individual cases, whole classes of inquirers upon certain subjects know nothing of inquirers upon kindred sub- jects, but what they may learn from their writings ; and objects of common interest, when promoted at all, are left to individual effort, or to chance and accident. With an organisation such as the Learned Societies now possess, and also with what they could easily command, there is no reasonable suggestion which they D 3 54 LEARNED SOCIETIES. might make to the public that would not be promptly and cheerfully complied with, and there is no reasonable undertaking to which they might pledge themselves, that would not be speedily and successfully accomplished. When we consider how tardily public measures proceed for the benefit of literature and science, how little has ever been done or thought of on such subjects, how hard it is to convince either the government or the public of their necessity, and how ill understood and practised, both in public and in private, are even the common subjects of classification and preservation, we must admit that things are not as they ought to be. But did we possess a union, — were it only of Presidents and Secretaries, — for common objects, it could communicate in forty-eight hours, with fifteen or sixteen thousand men of learning, whose opinion would be entitled to a degree of substantial respect that it has never yet enjoyed. The founding of the British Association for the Advancement of Science was a step in the right direction ; the establish- ment of a central institution for the Learned Societies, similar to that indicated above, would be another. 52. present In connexion with the suggestion just offered difficulties. . . is the following, which presents no practical difficulty, and which might be attended with VI. SUGGESTIONS. 55 most important results. At present, a member of any society has no opportunity of improving himself respecting the general progress of other societies, except by purchasing their transac- tions or by procuring them, when he can, at the rooms of his own society. But their pro- ceedings he does not see at all; and the in- cidental notices of a few societies which appear in the newspapers occasionally, serve to show what might be done, if a uniform system were pursued. It is sometimes quite impossible for gentlemen to see the transactions of particular societies at all, or even for a member of some particular society to complete his own set, or the volume which was in course of produc- tion when he was elected. And even from such opportunities of keeping pace with the progress of knowledge as town members pos- sess, country residents are debarred. Some of them do not procure their parts of the trans- actions till six or twelve months after the proper time, and from causes which are per- fectly remediable, the trouble of procuring them at all, destroys half their value. None of the Printing Clubs are guilty of the blunder- ing and annoyance that we find every day in societies of long standing. All these and many similar evils could be 53- Mode of removing remedied, by the establishment of a periodical them - / J r A Periodical- publication devoted exclusively to the learned D 4 LEARNED SOCIETIES. societies. It might be issued monthly, of the form, size, and price of the ordinary monthly periodicals ; and it could be distributed, ac- cording to convenience, either through the booksellers, or through persons appointed in connexion with the different societies as local secretaries. The proceedings of some of the most important societies, as issued to the mem- bers by post, in anticipation of the transactions, are not of a greater average length than two closely printed 8vo. pages for each meeting. Yet they contain a faithful narrative of every occurrence, and occasionally a short abstract of an important paper. The establishment of such a periodical would obviate the necessity for issuing such proceedings at all ; and would thus be of considerable benefit to certain so- cieties. It would be necessary, however, for their respective secretaries to draw up and furnish each account as regularly and as care- fully as at present ; as the value of the whole would be greatly interfered with by occasional interruptions. It is easy to see many good effects that would flow at once from such an arrangement. The separate numbers would contain from year to year, the elements of the history of all the important societies ; they would record every election, whether of mem- bers, council, or officers, every removal by death or otherwise, every presentation, the title, and VI. SUGGESTIONS. occasionally the substance, of every paper read, every important alteration in the laws of any, and the statistics of the various societies. Such a publication, too, would be the best medium for remarks and inquiries respecting the various societies and their labours, for occasional essays and correspondence on topics of common interest, and for bibliographical accounts of all works issued by the various Printing Clubs, and perhaps of other works also, emanating from private presses. There is no doubt that it would fail to reach many who are connected with the various societies, but it is equally certain that it would be regularly read by many other literary and scientific men who are not ; and it is probable that an interest would thus be awakened in the minds of the latter, to seek for a complete participation in the be- nefits, which some of the societies bestow. There would at all events be an important step taken to promote the union and harmonious working that have been suggested ; without the slightest interference with any society, or possible injury to it. Many an unknown and unfriended inquirer in remote provincial dis- tricts, would be cheered and encouraged ; and not a few societies that barely exist, would be nourished into life and activity. 58 PRINTING CLUBS. 54. How The associations that are known as Printing composed. Clubs are, with one or two exceptions, of not more than twenty years' standing; and their general object is the printing or the reprinting of rare and valuable books. It happens not unfrequently, that books of great value cannot be published in the usual way, as the very cir- cumstance which ought to recommend them, viz. their rare or peculiar learning, narrows proportionally the limits of their circulation. Works of great merit have often been pub- lished at a loss both to author and publisher ; and previous to the establishment of the print- ing clubs, books of a peculiar kind were rarely issued, and our literary and scientific progress seemed to be unusually dull. Each of the clubs, by whatever name it may call itself, consists of members voluntarily associated, as subscribers for the books ; and thus there is a guaranteed circulation to a certain extent. 55. slight I n the majority of cases, an individual has varieties-. only to send his name to the secretary, and his subscription at once entitles him to member- PRINTING CLUBS: THEIR NATURE. 59 ship ; in other cases each member must be form- ally elected; and in others still, the Council, out of several applicants, give the preference to a literary or scientific applicant. In most instances, the subscribers are connected with the society or club only from year to year, and any one ceases to be a member when his sub- scription is unpaid for a specified period. In some of the more important, however, there is a sum to be paid for admission, and thus it is impossible to become connected and discon- nected at pleasure. Though the number of subscribers varies 56. Number of members. from about 50 to more than 7000, the books are to be regarded in every instance as " pri- vately printed ; " in this respect, they differ from works published " by subscription/' where the author first supplies his subscribers, and after- wards sells as many copies to the public a§ possible. In many cases a complete set of the books cannot be obtained from the society, but it may come into the market at any time, in consequence of the death or sale of a member : sometimes the prices are below the original cost, but if the books be in good condition, they seldom fail to bring much more. In the societies where the issues are much restricted, the prices obtained at casual sales are very large, often amounting to many times the original subscription: and individual volumes are sold d 6 60 PRINTING CLUBS. at prices proportionally high. It is interesting, of course, to possess a book of which only a few copies are in existence ; but it is sometimes difficult to explain the reason for restricting the circulation, or for limiting the society arbi- trarily to a small number of members. In those societies where there is a valuable object to be attained, as in the Parker, Ray, and Syden- ham Societies, there is no limit to the number of members, nor, of course, to the number of copies printed. In all the clubs enumerated here, there are, as nearly as can be ascertained, about 17,000 subscribers, and making due al- lowance for those who subscribe to several, there are probably not fewer than 15,000 in- dividuals in all. In some instances, as in the Percy Society originally, the plan is to produce a certain number of books annually, say four, six, or twelve ; but in practice it is found that this is inconvenient, and promotes a tendency to look to the quantity of the matter rather than its quality. The usual plan is, therefore, to furnish more or fewer according to the cost of printing and illustrating, or other contingent circum- stances. Thus some societies issue but one volume annually, others two or more, and others several. It is evident that where the number of subscribers is limited, rather by the narrowness of the object than by the wish of the society, THEIR NATURE. 61 the issue of volumes will be at intervals corre- spondingly rare. Where there are very few members, particular persons have rare and curious books printed at their individual cost and presented to all the members of the club ; in the Roxburgh Club this was the original plan, and in the Bannatyne it occurs occasion- ally. The whole number of books put into circula- 58. Number A of Books. tion among the learned amounts to nearly 600 volumes, all rare and valuable, in various de- partments of science, literature, theology, &c. A central institution, like that suggested for the learned societies, possessing a complete set of all the transactions of the various societies, and a complete set of all the club books, would have the nucleus of a most valuable library, and pro- bably would receive the whole without the cost of a farthing for purchase money. The Wernerian Club possesses a peculiar 59. Quaim- 1 cations of feature, inasmuch as it secures an amount of editors qualification in all who exercise any degree of superintendence, and then offers to the public, without limit, the freest access to books issued with this authority. Something of this kind, if it had been undertaken by the learned societies, might have accomplished the ends better than the existing machinery ; there is, however, ample room for the exertions of each of them yet, in ground wholly or partially untrodden. 62 PRINTING CLUBS. A few standard works on the various subjects, edited by persons duly appointed, and sold at prices fixed by the councils, would be authori- ties to which any one could refer with pleasure and confidence. In the printing clubs, the councils are generally composed of persons who are familiar with the subjects treated of ; and the whole of the members have the advantage of their talents and their services gratuitously. go. Mode of One good result of these " publications," if turning them x to account, such they can be called, is, that however mis- cellaneous their contents may be, they furnish the literary and scientific man with materials not formerly available. The original copies of some are in private collections, and of others in our great national libraries. They are thus, in either case, in a great degree, inaccessible. The distribution even of a few hundreds of copies, then, is something; and a record of their names will give to inquirers the oppor- tunity of informing themselves where informa- tion of a particular kind is likely to be pro- cured. Some one of sufficient leisure and capability, may yet, like the setting of a piece of Mosaic work, deduce harmony and beauty from the scattered portions ; and may confirm the fact, so often demonstrated in pure science, that every proposition, however strange, is valuable, if it can only be properly applied. Nor would the task be a contemptible one, to SUGGESTIONS. reduce to order, in like manner, the knowledge that lies scattered through many formidable volumes of transactions; to notice what ideas have given way to new light, the stages and the progress of modern inquiry, the prospects of literature and science in our own times, the obstacles that impede their growth, and the means of their removal. PART I. LEARNED SOCIETIES. L LEARNED SOCIETIES IN ENGLAND. 1. METROPOLITAN. (1) Chartered. (2) Unchartered. I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN SOCIETIES. 67 ROYAL SOCIETY. " The Royal Society of London for im- proving Natural Knowledge," was instituted December 5th, 1660, and incorporated by Royal Charter in 1662. A Society with similar objects, however, and composed, in a great degree, of the same individuals, had originated in London in 1645, from which it was transferred to Oxford about 1651 *, and held its meetings in the apartments of Dr. Wil- kins, of Wadham College. In 1658 it returned to London, where the meetings were held in Gresham College ; and there are various evidences both of the high attainments of the Members, and of their ex- ertions in favour of sound learning. The Royal Society of London, as at present con- stituted, is said to be the oldest society of the kind in Europe, except one at Rome. In 1663, a second Charter was granted to it, to remedy some defects in the former one. In 1665, the first portion of its " Transactions " appeared, edited then, and for some time after, by the secretary, without the interference of the society. In 1667, Dr. Sprat, afterwards Bishop of Rochester, wrote his " History of the Royal Society," which was more properly a defence of it, " for the objections and cavils against it," he says, " did make it necessary for me to write of it, * There is a slight discrepancy among the authorities respect- ing the dates. 68 LEARNED SOCIETIES. not altogether in the way of plain history, but some- times of an apology." At that time the Fellows were fewer than two hundred; in 1673 they were only a hundred and forty-six in number, and of these seventy-nine were greatly in arrear with their annual payments. In 1682 the society sold the college and lands in Chelsea, granted to the Fellows by the Crown; in 1701 they removed from Gresham Col- lege to suitable apartments in Crane Court, Fleet Street; and in 1782 they took possession of the rooms which they still occupy. In 1703 Sir Isaac Newton became President, and he continued to occupy the chair till his death in 1727. The following is the list of Presidents for the present century : — Sir Joseph Banks elected 1778. Sir Humphrey Davy ,, 1820. Mr. Davies Gilbert „ 1827. Duke of Sussex ,, 1830. Marquis of Northampton „ 1838. The name by which the ordinary official publica- tions of the Koyal Society are known, is the " Philo- sophical Transactions ; " and these consist in all of 137 volumes. The present series commences with 1801, and each volume consists of two parts, one of which is published half-yearly. Every Fellow re- ceives the Transactions without special payment, and a certain number of copies are sold to the public at prices varying for those of the present century, from Nine Shillings and Six Pence per part to One Pound Twelve. The mode of becoming a Fellow, as settled at I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 69 a special meeting in the Month of March, 1847, is the following : — The Certificate of a candidate must be signed by six or more Fellows, of whom three at least certify their recommendation " from personal knowledge;" and at the first ordinary meeting in March, the Secretary announces the names of all those proposed since the 1 st of March in the previous year ; the names being arranged in alphabetical order. The Certificates are then suspended in the meeting room till the day of election. During the first week of April, a printed list of the candidates, arranged in alphabetical order, together with the names of the Fellows by whom each is proposed or recom- mended, is sent to every ordinary Fellow. From this list, a number not exceeding fifteen is then selected by the Council, at a meeting requiring the presence of a majority of the Members of Council ; and these are recommended to the Society for election. At the first ordinary meeting in May, the President for the evening reads from the chair the names of the selected candidates in alphabetical order, and this list, with a broad margin, is forwarded to every Fellow, together with a notice of the day and hour of elec- tion. The election takes place ordinarily on the first Thursday in June, but may be fixed by the Council for any other day in that month; and every Fellow uses his own discretion respecting the council list, (erasing one name, and substituting another on the margin,) but he must not vote for more than fifteen. A majority of two thirds is necessary in every case; and the election is invalid unless the new Fellow ap- pears, on or before the fourth ordinary meeting after it, to be formally admitted. 70 LEARNED SOCIETIES. In former years there was no fixed period for the election of Fellows, nor was there any fixed number. In the session 1845-6, there were twenty-five elected on the Home list and three on the Foreign list, from December 18th, 1845, to June 18th, 1846. In the year which embraced that session, Nov. 30th, 1845, Nov. 30th, 1846, eighteen Fellows on the Home list died, and three on the Foreign list. It is clear, there- fore, that the new arrangements will diminish the standing number of Fellows, but increase the quali- fications of candidates. The payments at present are Ten Pounds on ad- mission and Four Pounds annually ; but the latter sum may be compounded for at the rate of fifteen years' purchase, i. e. by paying, in one sum, Sixty Pounds. Fellows who were elected previous to De- cember 11th, 1834, may at any time compound for all future payments at the rate of ten years' purchase ; and the same privilege is extended to all those elected since that date, who have contributed a paper that has been printed in the Philosophical Transactions. There are a few Fellows of an earlier date still, who pay the original sum of Two Pounds Twelve Shillings an- nually ; none of these were elected after 1821. The Council consists of twenty-one members, in- cluding the President, of whom ten must retire an- nually. The eleven who remain, and the ten Fellows not on the Council, but who are recommended to the Society, are selected by ballot in the Council. It is evident that though a fixed number must retire, any very useful member may be retained from year to year. There are several vice-presidents, one of whom acts as Treasurer; and three Secretaries, of whom one I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 71 is Foreign Secretary. As in the election of Fellows, the society may or may not abide by the recommen- dation of the council ; but in practice, it is rarely questioned. Besides the Council, the efficient working of the society requires Scientific Committees, of which there are seven at present. These are composed partly of the members of council, and partly of the ordinary Fellow T s ; each has its own Chairman and Secretary, and the members vary in number from thirteen on the committee of Chemistry, to twenty-nine on that of Physics and Meteorology. Of all these commit- tees, the President, Treasurer, and Secretary, are ex officio members. They are as follows : — 1. Committee of Mathematics. 2. „ Astronomy. 3. „ Physics and Meteorology. 4. „ Chemistry. 5. ,, Mineralogy and Geology. 6. „ Botany and Vegetable Physiology. 7. „ Zoology and Animal Physiology. The Apartments of the Society, granted by the Crown, are in Somerset House ; here the meetings are held, and here are deposited the library and other articles of property. The library consists of about 42,000 volumes. Every Fellow is known by the initial letters F.E.S. The Meetings are held on Thursday evenings, at half-past eight o'clock, from the third Thursday in November to the third Thursday in J une, excepting during Christmas week and the week following, and 72 LEARNED SOCIETIES. also during Passion, Easter, and Whitsun weeks, Ascension Day, and also the weeks during which the Anniversary meeting and annual meeting for the elec- tion of Fellows are held. Strangers are admitted to the meetings by order of the President, or by leave of the Society. The meeting for the election of council and officers occurs upon St. Andrew's Day (November 30th), or on the day following, if it happen to fall upon Sunday. Ordinary Fellows - - 780 Foreign ,, - 50 To enable the reader to form a more correct idea of the Royal Society than is usually held, — and, by inference, of other similar societies, — the following statistics have been arranged with great care from the printed list of the society, dated 30th November, 1846. Analysis of the Royal Society. 1. Payments. — Of those who pay 21. 12s. per annum, there are 17 ; of those who pay 47., there are 254 ; and of those who have compounded, 509. 2. Residence. — Residing in London only, 367 ; in the country only, 252 ; having both a town and a country residence, 111 ; residence not stated, 50. 3. Rank. — Members of the royal family of the United Kingdom, 3 ; of other royal families, 10 ; titular lords (viz. peers of every grade, certain sons of peers, and bishops), 53 ; baronets, 49 ; knights, 35. 4. College standing. — - Doctors of divinity, 22 ; I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 73 doctors of laws (L.L. D. or D. C.L), 59 ; doctors of medicine, 90. 5. Profession. — Clergy , or those designated "Rev.," 64 ; officers in the army, 23 ; in the navy, 17. 6. Members of other learned societies. — F. R. S. E., 38; F.S.A., 105; M.R.I. A., 36; F.G.S., 126; F.R.A.S., 80; M.R.A.S., 22; F.L.S., 104; M.R.S.L., 23; M.R.G. S., 8.— N.B. This state- ment differs in some respects from those furnished by other authorities. Thus, by the list of the Geo- logical Society, it appears that 180 (not 126) of its fellows, are also fellows of the Royal Society ; and similarly, we have M.R. S. L., 37 (not 23); and M.R.G.S., 114 (not 8). The reason probably is, that in the certificates of candidate fellows of the Royal Society, their connexion with less prominent societies is not fully stated, wdiile in the certificates presented to the latter every connexion with the former is fully stated. Besides, the changes which occur from time to time are not always reported to the various secretaries ; and for this reason, fellows who enter the army, the navy, the church, &c, are not always properly designated in the official lists. 7. Connected with several Societies in the United Kingdom — Members of three other Societies, 38 ; of four, 1 9 ; of five, 5 ; of six, 2. 8. Fellows whose Papers have appeared in the Phi- losophical Transactions — ordinary, 115; foreign, 3. 9. Medallists — Fellows who have obtained the Copley Medal, ordinary, 16, foreign, 10: Royal Medal, ordinary, 1 6, foreign, 3 ; Rumford Medal, ordinary", 4, foreign, 3. Fellows who have obtained two of the three medals, ordinary, 2, foreign, 0. E 74 LEARNED SOCIETIES. 10. Medallists who have had Papers printed in the Philosophical Transactions — ordinary, 23, foreign, 1. President — The Marquis of Northampton. Vice-Presidents — George Rennie, Esq. ; Sir Henry De La Beche ; Leonard Horner, Esq. ; John Ayrton Paris, M. D. ; Captain W. H. Smyth, E.N. Treasurer — George Rennie, Esq. Secretaires — Peter Mark Roget, M.D.; S. Hunter Christie, M. A. Foreign Secretary — Lieut. Col. Edward Sabine, R. A. Assistant Secretary and Librarian — Charles Richard Weld, Esq. Clerk — Mr. Walter White. SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES. The idea of a society for promoting the Study of Antiquity originated with Archbishop Parker in 1572, and the first meetings were held at the house of Sir Robert Cotton. James I. regarded the meet- ings of the society with apprehension, and thought fit to dissolve it, but it does not appear to have become extinct, although it ceased to subsist publicly, for fear of prosecution as a treasonable cabal. After remaining, as it were, in abeyance, during great part of the seventeenth century, its revival in active operation took place in VI wt* From that period, the meetings of the Society appear to have been held without interruption to the present time. In 1717, the number of members had increased considerably ; and from this time, the proceedings and constitution I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 75 of the society were regulated in due form, and a fund collected for the purposes of publication. The number of members however, was limited to a hundred. On the 2d of November, 1751, a Charter of Incorporation was granted to the society by George II., who therein declared himself " Founder and Patron," and gave to it the name " Society of Antiquaries of London." In 1780, George III. was pleased to grant to the Society the apartments which they still occupy, where the meetings are held, and the library and collections are preserved. The Society's objects are, the study and investi- gation of Antiquity, and the History of former times. At the period of the revival of the regular meetings, at the beginning of the last century, the subject of discussion was limited to the History of Great Britain previous to the reign of James I. (1603), without excluding other remarkable antiquities which might be offered to the notice of the society. At present there is no limitation whatever. Persons desirous of becoming Members are required to present a recommendation signed by at least three Fellows of the Society, on their "personal knowledge," or on the candidate being known by his published works. This certificate remains suspended in the meeting room, at four ordinary meetings of the society, after which the candidate is balloted for; the election being by a majority of two thirds of the members present. The Fee on Admission is Eight Guineas, and either an annual contribution of Four Guineas, or a composition for life of Forty Guineas. Foreigners of note or learning are chosen as Honorary or Corresponding Members, without any E 2 76 LEARNED SOCIETIES. contribution. They are elected by ballot, after a recommendation by a similar certificate, as in the case of ordinary members. The number is limited to fifty. Members are styled " Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London/' and each is known by the initial letters F. S. A.* The Society's Apartments are in Somerset House. The meetings take place on Thursday evenings, at eight o'clock, from the month of November to June, inclusively, except at Christmas, Easter, and Whit- suntide. The Anniversary Meeting is held on St. George's Day (23d April), or on the following day when that happens to be on a Sunday. There is an annual dinner, after the election of President, Officers, and Council. Ordinary Fellows, Compounding - 334 „ „ Subscribing - 237 571 Honorary - 42 President — The Viscount Mahon. Vice-Presidents — Sir Henry Hallam, William Richard Hamilton, Esq., Sir Robert Inglis, Bart., Thomas Stapleton, Esq. Treasurer — John Payne Collier, Esq. Director — Capt, W. H. Smyth, R. N., F.R.S. Secretaries — and Sir Henry Ellis, K. H., F.R. S. * The arrangement F. A. S. is also adopted, but less correctly. See the official name of the society. See also p. 10. I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 77 LINN2EAN" SOCIETY. " The Linn^ean Society" was founded in 1788, and incorporated in 1802 ; for the cultivation of Na- tural History in all its branches, and more especially of the Natural History of Great Britain and Ireland. Its first volume of Transactions was published in 1791 ; and since that period it has completed nine- teen volumes, the average price of which to the public is about Three Guineas, and to members one fourth less. Every Candidate for admission must be proposed by three or more Fellows, who shall certify from personal knowledge of him. When elected, he is re- quired to pay Six Pounds as an Admission Fee, and either Three Pounds annually, or a Composition of Thirty Pounds. If he be not usually resident in Britain, he is required to pay the composition at once ; and subscribing members are liable to a legal action, as well as to ejection from the Society, if their payments be for more than twelve months in arrear. They fall due on the 24th of May. In addition to the usual privilege of being present and voting at all meetings, and at all elections, each fellow re- ceives, free of cost, one copy of all the publications of the society issued during the period of his Fellowship. The Members of this Society are styled Fellows, and each is known by the initial letters F. L. S. The Associates are selected from among those that have deserved well of Natural History. They are entitled to be present at all meetings, and are free from all e 3 78 LEARNED SOCIETIES. contributions to the society ; but they do not receive copies of its publications, and are not qualified to vote at its meetings or elections. The Society's House is at 32. Soho Square, and the meetings are held on the third Tuesday in J anuary, the first and third Tuesdays in February., March, and April, the first Tuesday in May, and on the first and third Tuesdays in June, November, and December, at eight o'clock in the evening. The anniversary meet- ing is held at one o'clock p. M. on the 24th of May, or if that should happen to be Sunday, on the 25 th. Ordinary Fellows - - 510 Foreign Members - 50 Associates - - 50 President — The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Norwich. Vice-Presidents — Robert Brown, Esq. ; Edward Forster, Esq. ; Sir William Jackson Hooker, K.H., LL.D.; Thomas Horsfield, M.D. Treasurer — Edward Forster, Esq. Secretary — J. J. Bennett, Esq. Hon. Under Secretary — Richard Taylor, Esq. Librarian — Mr. Richard Kippist. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. "The Horticultural Society of London" was originally established in 1804, and was incor- porated by Royal Charter in 1809. Its object is the improvement of Horticulture in all its branches, I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 79 ornamental as well as useful. It possesses a spacious Garden at Chiswick, five miles from London, laid out with great taste, and filled with the rarest vegetable productions from every part of the globe. It is open from nine o'clock every day, except Sunday, for the inspection of Fellows of the Society ; and visitors are introduced either personally or by order. Ladies may become members of this Society ; and the wives of Fellows have the same access to the garden as their husbands. Three Exhibitions are held annually at the garden, and medals are awarded to the successful competitors. A quarterly Journal is published by the Society, and distributed gratuitously to the Fellows ; it is generally illustrated with numerous figures. Previous to the commencement of the Journal, the publications of the Society appeared in a 4 to. form as 66 Transactions." Of these there are ten volumes in two series, procurable for £34 at the Society's House. A candidate for admission is recommended by three or more Fellows, from personal knowledge ; and he is balloted for, after this testimony has been read at two ordinary general meetings of the Society. The Fees are Six Guineas on Admission, and either Four Guineas annually, or Forty Guineas for life com- position. Persons exercising the trade or profession of a gardener — who have received the large medal of the Society, or contributed a paper which has been published by the Society — may be permitted by the Council to enjoy all the privileges of Fellows, upon the payment of One Guinea at admission, and One Guinea annually. The formalities respecting their election are quite the same as for ordinary e 4 80 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Fellows. There are also corresponding members situated in various parts of the world ; they are per- sons likely to benefit the Society by their skill or their communications. The members are styled Fellows, and are known respectively by the initial letters F. H. S. The Apartments of the Society are at No. 21. Regent Street; and the meetings, Avhich occur monthly, are held at two o'clock from November to February inclusive, and at three o'clock during the rest of the year. The days are the third Tuesday in January and February, the first and third in March and April, and the first in the other months. The Anniversary is on the first of May. Ordinary Fellows - - -1113 Gardeners, &c, at reduced fees - 20 Ladies Members - - 51 Corresponding Members — Home - 108 Corresponding Members — Foreign 204 Honorary Members - 20 President — His Grace the Duke of Devonshire. Vice-Presidents — The Earl of Auckland ; Robert W. Barehard, Esq. ; Sir Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton, Bart., M. P. ; Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., M.P. Treasurer — Thomas Edgar, Esq. Hon. Professor of Chemistry — Edward Solly, F.R.S. Secretary — James Robert Go wen, Esq. Vice- Secretary — John Lindley, Ph. D., F. R. S. I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 81 GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON". u The Geological Society of London " was instituted in the year 1807, and its Charter of in- corporation bears date 23d April, 1826. Its object, as stated generally in the Bye-laws, is " the Inves- tigation of the Mineral Structure of the Earth." Any one who is acquainted with the progress of modern science, must be aware that it is largely indebted to this Society. * Its* members have ex- * Geological Survey of the British Isles. Though not of a character to be treated in the usual way, this survey is particularly deserving of a passing notice ; and the connexion of the subject, as well as of many of its members, with the Geological Society, renders this the most fitting place for it. It is a general Geological Survey of the whole of the United Kingdom, which was originally commenced under the Board of Ordnance, in connexion with the Trigonometrical Survey ; but was transferred in 1844 to the control of the chief commissioner of Woods, Works, and Land Revenues. The following works have already been laid before the public : — 44 Geological Reports on Devon and Cornwall," by Sir H.DeLa Beche ; "On London- derry and Tyrone," by Capt. Portlock, R. E. ; " On the Fossils of Devon," by J. Phillips, Esq. ; Vol. I. of the " Memoirs of the Geological Survey;" Geological Maps and Sections of the S.E. of England and of a large part of Wales. Director General — Sir H. De La Beche, F.R.S.,G.S., &c.&c. „ „ for Great Britain — A. C. Ramsay, F. G. S. „ „ Ireland — Thomas Oldham, M.A., M.R.I. A., F. G. S., Professor of Geology in the University of Dublin. e 5 82 LEARNED SOCIETIES. hibited great enthusiasm in the prosecution of their peculiar studies, and have examined the operations of nature in almost every part of the known world. As a natural consequence, the conclusions of Geolo- gists are received by the public with unusual respect; and daily experience is gradually demonstrating their importance. A candidate for admission must have his certificate signed by at least three Fellows, to the first of whom he must be known personally ; and after it has been read at three successive meetings of the Society, he is elected by two thirds of the votes of those present. The Fellows are of two classes, resident (i. e. those who reside within twenty miles of London, for at least sixty days of any year,) and non-resident The former pay, on Admission, Six Guineas ; and an an- nual contribution of Three Guineas, or Thirty Guineas as life composition. The latter pay Ten Guineas on Admission, and no annual contribution. The Society's Rooms are at Somerset House, and the meetings are held on alternate Wednesdays, from November to June inclusive, at half-past eight o'clock. The Annual general meeting is held on the third Friday in February. Paleontologist — Edward Forbes, F.R.S., G.S., L.S., Pro- fessor of Botany, King's College, London. Mining Geologist — Warrington W. Smythe, A.M., F.G.S. Botanist — Joseph Dalton Hooker, M.D., F.L. S. Chemists — R. Phillips, F.R.S., and Lyon Playfair, Ph.D. Keeper of Mining Records — Robert Hunt, Esq. Offices — In London, 6. Craig's Court, Charing Cross. „ „ Dublin, 51. Stephen's Green. I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 83 Each fellow of the Geological Society is known by the initial letters " F. G. S."* Fellows Resident and for life, 117 „ subscribing annually, 129 * 246 „ Non-resident - - 558 Foreign Members - - - 50 Honorary Members, who existed before the charter - - 21 President— Sir H. T. DeLa Beche, F. R. S., & L. S. Vice-Presidents — Sir P. G. Egerton, Bart., M. P., F. E. S. ; Charles Lyell, jun. Esq., F. R. S., L. S. ; Professor Owen, F. R. S. & L. S. ; Rev. Profes- sor Sedgwick, F. R. S. Secretaries — William John Hamilton, M. P. ; John Carrick Moore, Esq. Foreign Secretary — C. J. F. Bunbury, Esq., F.L. S. Treasurer — John Lewis Prevost, Esq. ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE. " The Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom" was founded in 1823, and incorporated by Royal Charter on the 13th day of September, 1826. Its object is generally the " Ad- vancement of Literature," and the means by which * The Society lias issued seven 4to. volumes of Transactions, which are now sold at prices varying from 18s. 6d. per volume, to 73s. 6d. Of the Quarterly Journal, two complete volumes have been issued ; at 13s. 6d. each to Fellows, and 17s. 6d. to the public. e 6 84 LEARNED SOCIETIES. that is contemplated, as recited in the charter, are (1) the Publication of Inedited Remains of Ancient Literature, (2) the Promotion of Discoveries in Lite- rature, (3) Endeavours to fix the Standard, and pre- serve the Purity of the English Language, (4) Read- ing and publishing valuable papers on History, Philosophy, Poetry, Philology, &c, (5) Assigning honorary Rewards in Literature, and (6) Establishing a correspondence with learned men in foreign coun- tries. In these varied departments, the efforts of the Society have been attended with different degrees of success, but some idea of its usefulness may be ob- tained from the following statement. It has (see No. 1.) continued, in a second volume of sixty folio plates, the publication of hieroglyphics begun by the Egyptian Society, under the editorship of the late Dr. Thomas Young ; and has also published the first two volumes of a " Biographia Britannica Li- teraria," by Mr. Thomas Wright. It has (see No. 4.) already published three 4to. volumes of Transactions, and two 8vo. ditto, forming part of a new series; all of which exhibit indefatigable attention to the in- crease of Greek and Latin inscriptions, and, among other valuable contributions, remarkable success in the investigation of Egyptian Literature. It has (see No. 5.) awarded fourteen gold medals, two of which were annually placed at its disposal by king George IV. during His Majesty's life. The members of the Royal Society of Literature are of the following classes, viz. — ■ (1) Ordinary Members, — Each of whom is known by the initial letters, M. R. S. L. A cer- tificate must be signed by three members at least, I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 85 who recommend the candidate for election from personal knowledge ; and two thirds of the mem- bers who ballot, elect him. The Fees are Three Guineas on Admission, and either Two Guineas annually or a life composition of Twenty Guineas. (2) Honorary Members are elected by the Coun- cil. The number of Foreign Honorary members is unlimited, but there can be only twelve British. (3) Honorary Associates — Each of whom is known by the initial letters, H. A. R. S. L., are elected by the Council. (4) Associates of the First Class, or " Royal Associates," each of whom received 100/. a year from the Privy Purse during the reign of king George IV. ; but the grant having been suspended on the decease of that sovereign, no elections into this class have taken place since the first establish- ment of the Society. The Royal Associates are elected by the Council from the Honorary As- sociates. The Society's House is at No. 4. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square ; the time of meeting four o'clock on Thursday afternoons, in the second and fourth weeks of every calendar month, (except during the weeks of Easter and Vv 7 hitsuntide) from November to June inclusive. The Anniversary meeting is held on the last Thursday in April. Ordinary Members compounding, 41 „ „ subscribing, 101 142 Honorary - - - - 29 Associates, Honorary, 8 „ Royal - 86 LEARNED SOCIETIES. President — Sir Henry Hallam. Vice-Presidents — The Duke of Rutland, the Duke of Newcastle, the Earl of Clare, the Earl of Ripon, Lord Bexley, Lord Colborne, William R. Hamilton, Esq., William M. Leake, Esq., Louis H. Petit, Esq., Rev. J. Hume Spry, D.D. Treasurer — William Tooke, Esq. Librarian and Foreign Secretary — Sir J ohn Do- ratt, M.D. Secretary — The Rev. Richard Cattermole, B. D. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. " The Institution of Civil Engineeks " was established in 1818, and incorporated by Royal Char- ter June 3d, 1828. Its object is the general ad- vancement of Mechanical Science, and more par- ticularly promoting the acquisition of that species of knowledge which constitutes the profession of a Civil Engineer. The Institution consists of Members, Associates, Graduates, and Honorary Members. (1) Members must be twenty-five years of age, regularly educated as Civil Engineers, according to the usual routine of pupilage, and must have had subsequent practice, for at least five years, as Civil Engineers, either on their own account or in important public situations. (2) Associates must be twenty -five years of age, and, if not actually Civil Engineers, connected with pursuits which constitute branches of Engineer- ing, or qualified, from their connexion with Science or the Arts, to concur with Civil Engineers in the I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 87 advancement of professional knowledge. (3) Gra- duates must be at least eighteen years of age, and must have obtained distinction for their papers and drawings, and have been approved by the Council. (4) Honorary Members are either distinguished in- dividuals, capable of rendering assistance in the pro- secution of public works, or persons eminent for science and experience in pursuits connected with the Engineering profession, but not actually engaged in the practice of it. The Bye- laws sanction the fol- lowing abbreviated forms for designating the various classes respectively : viz. M. Inst. C. E. ; Assoc. Inst. C.E. ; Grad. Inst. C.E. ; and Hon. Mem. Inst. C.E. The certificate of a Candidate having been drawn up according to the specified form, and signed, the ballot takes place, when a majority of four fifths secures an election. Every resident Member pays Four Guineas annually, and every non-resident Mem- ber Three Guineas, residence being within ten miles of the General Post Office. Each resident Associate pays Three Guineas annually, and each non-resident Associate Two Guineas and a Half. Each resident Graduate pays Two Guineas and a Half annually, and each non-resident Graduate Two Guineas. Also, the Admission fee for Members and Associates is Three Guineas. Any Member, Associate, or Graduate may compound for his annual payments by paying Fifty Guineas in one sum, if he reside in the United King- dom, or Twenty-five Guineas in one sum if he reside abroad. Subscriptions become due on the 1st of January. The Ordinary General Meetings are held on every Tuesday, from the second Tuesday in January to 88 LEARNED SOCIETIES. the end of June, at eight o'clock in the evening/ at the House of the Institution, 25. Great George Street, Westminster. The third and fourth Tuesday in January, Easter Tuesday, and Whit Tuesday, are exceptions. The Transactions, in three 4to. volumes, may be had of Longmans & Co., price £1 8s. to £l 15s. ; the Proceedings in five volumes, include from 1837 to 1846, and cost 10s. 6d. per volume; except the first, which contains five years, for 15s. Members - 209 Associates - - - 327 Graduates - - - 45 Honorary Members - - 34 President — Sir John Rennie. Vice-Presidents — W. Cubitt, J. Field, I. M. Ren- del, and J. Simpson, Esqrs. Treasurer — B. Williams, Esq. Secretary — C. Manby, Esq. ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY. " The Royal Astronomical Society " was founded in 1820, under the title " Astronomical Society of London ; " and the date of its Charter of incorporation is March 7th, 1831. Its object, as stated generally in the Bye-laws, is (( the encourage- ment and promotion of Astronomy," It cannot be expected that a Society whose foundation is so recent will have many facts of interest in its history ; but from the definite and specific nature of its inquiries, as well as from the character and standing of many I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 89 of its members, the most gratifying results may be expected. The certificate of a candidate for admission must be signed by at least three Fellows, one of whom must certify his personal knowledge of the candidate ; and on the second meeting after his proposal he is elected by three fourths of the members who vote. The fees are Two Guineas on Admission, and Two Guineas per annum afterwards, or Twenty Guineas for life composition. Those who were non-resident (i. e. who resided more than fifty miles from London) pre- vious to February, 1831, are not required to make any annual payments if at that time they had paid the sum of Eight Guineas. The apartments of the Society are granted by the Crown, and are in Somerset House. The Meetings are held at eight o'clock in the evening of the second Friday in each month, except July, August, Sep- tember, and October. The Annual meeting is held on the second Friday in February, at three o'clock in the afternoon. Fifteen volumes of Transactions have been published, at prices varying from 12s. to 30s. They are to be obtained at the rooms of the Society only. The six volumes of Proceedings cannot be purchased. Each member is styled Fellow of the Royal Astro- nomical Society, and is known by the initial letters F.E.A.S. Fellows, ordinary for life - - 121 „ ,, subscribing - 128 „ Honorary (non-resident) - 79 328 Foreign Associates - - - 37 90 LEARNED SOCIETIES. President— Sir John F. W. Herschel, Bart,, K. H., M.A., F.E. S. Vice-Presidents — Captain W. H. Smyth, R. N., K. S. F., D. C. L., F. R. S. ; Richard Sheepshanks, M. A., F. R. S. ; and John Lee, LL. D., F. R. S. Treasurer — George Bishop, Esq. Secretaries — Thomas Galloway, M. A., F. R. S. ; Augustus De Morgan, Esq. Foreign Secretary — John Russell Hind, Esq. Assistant Secretary — Mr. John Williams. INCORPORATED LAW SOCIETY. " The Incorporated Law Society of the United Kingdom" was instituted in 1827, and in- corporated by Charter in 1831. On the 26th of Fe- bruary, 1845, it was re-incorporated, and placed upon its present basis. Its objects are generally to pro- mote professional improvement, and facilitate the acquisition of legal knowledge. It is composed of Attorneys, Solicitors, and Proctors, practising in Great Britain and Ireland ; and Writers to the Signet, and Writers in the courts of justice in Scotland, and of gentlemen who may have voluntarily retired from these professions. The society is appointed Registrar of Attorneys and Solicitors, and the Commissioners of Stamps are directed not to grant any certificate until the registrar has certified that the person applying is entitled thereto. The judges of the common law courts, and the Master of the Rolls, under the ge- neral rules and orders of court, have hitherto an- nually appointed twelve members of the Council, I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 91 with the Masters of the several courts of law, as examiners of all persons applying to be admitted on the roll of attorneys and solicitors. A candidate for admission to the Society, if duly qualified according to the charter, must be proposed by two members, and approved by the council. The admission fee is Fifteen Pounds, and the annual sub- scription is Two Pounds for resident, and One Pound for non-resident, members. Lectures on the different branches of the law are delivered regularly in the hall, to which the clerks of members have admittance on payment of a small fee. The library contains six thousand volumes, and there are various accommodations in the way of rooms, fire-proof closets, &c. for the members. Members, 1374. President — Charles Ranken, Esq. Vice-President — Benjamin Austen, Esq. Secretary — P. Maugham, Esq., at the Society's Hall, Chancery Lane. MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY. " The Royal Medical and Chirtjrgical So- ciety of London" was instituted in 1805, and incorporated in 1834; its object being the cultiva- tion and promotion of Medicine and Surgery, and of the branches of science connected therewith. The society possesses a Library of about 20,000 volumes, the use of which is restricted to Resident Fellows. 92 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Candidates for admission into the Society must have their certificates signed by at least three mem- bers; and after having been suspended for three successive meetings in the Society's rooms, the ballot takes place, when a majority of four fifths elects. The fees are Six Guineas on Admission, together with Three Guineas annually from all who are resident, or within seven miles of the General Post Office. The meetings of the Society are held at its apart- ments, No. 53. Berners Street, Oxford Street, on the second and fourth Tuesdays in the month, from November to June inclusive (except the fourth Tuesday in December,) at half-past eight o'clock in the evening. The Annual General Meeting is held on the 1st of March. The members are styled " Fellows." A volume of Transactions is published annually by Longmans & Co., the price of which is variable. There are twenty-nine volumes issued ; which are given gratuitously, as published, to resi- dent Fellows. Resident fellows - 300 Non-resident - 234 Honorary - - - - 12 Foreign honorary - - - 20 President — Jas. MoncriefF Arnott, F.R. S. Vice-Presidents — Robert Ferguson, M. D. ; J. Pe- reira, M.D., F.R. S. ; Robert Liston, F.R. S.; Rd. Partridge, F.R.S. Treasurers — George Burrows, M. D. ; Benjamin Phillips, F.R.S. Secretaries — George Cursham, M.D. ; Fred. Le Gros Clark, Esq. I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 93 KOYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS. " The Institute of British Architects " was founded in 1834, and incorporated by Royal Charter on the 11th of January, 1837. Its object is the general advancement of civil Architecture, by promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith, by the formation of a Library and Museum, by establishing correspondence with the learned men of various countries, by prosecuting inquiry on these subjects, and by establishing a uniformity and re- spectability in the practice of the profession. In 1835, Earl de Grey, first President of the Institute, was elected; in 1837, Her Majesty Queen Victoria became Patroness, and the term " Royal " was pre- fixed to the title of the Society; and in 1841, H. E. H. Prince Albert became Patron. The Institute consists of three classes of members: viz. (1) Fellows, who must be Architects who have been engaged as Principals, for at least seven years, in the practice of Civil Architecture; (2) Associates, who are persons engaged in the study of Civil Ar- chitecture, or in practice less than seven years, and who have attained the age of twenty-one years ; (3) Honorary Fellows, who are noblemen or gentle- men unconnected with any branch of Building as a trade or business, and contributing not less than Twenty-five Guineas, in one sum, to the funds of the society. [There is likewise a Student's class, con- sisting of the articled pupils of the Members of the 94 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Institute. These are admitted by the Council, ap- plication being duly made. The payments are, Admission One Guinea, and annual subscription One Guinea.] Candidates are proposed according to a certain formula, to be obtained from the Secretary ; the cer- tificate must be signed by at least three Fellows from personal knowledge, and then submitted to the Coun- cil for approval. Being signed by the Chairman, it is read at the next general meeting, and a ballot is taken at the third general meeting, when the election is by four fifths of those voting. Members rise from the rank of Associate to that of Fellow, by passing through a similar form. The fee for the Admission of Associates is one Guinea, and of Fellows Five Guineas. The annual contribution in the former case is Two Guineas, and in the latter either Four or Three Guineas, according as the Fellows are or are not resident within ten miles of the General Post Office. Composition (including the admission fee) is at the rate of ten years' purchase. The Meetings are held at the Society's rooms, No. 16. Grosvenor Street, Bond Street, at eight o'clock on alternate Monday evenings, from the first Mon- day in November until the last in June inclusive, (Christmas, Passion, and Easter weeks excepted). The annual general meeting is held on the first Monday in May. Ordinary Fellows - - - - 100 Associates - - - - - 85 Honorary Fellows - - - - 23 Honorary and corresponding Members 60 Honorary Members - - - 12 I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 95 President — Earl de Grey. Vice-Presidents — S. Angell, Esq. ; C. Fowler, Esq.; Ambrose Poynter, Esq. Treasurer — Sir Walter Rockliff Farquhar, Bart. Honorary Foreign Secretary — T. L. Donaldson, Esq. " Honorary Secretaries — George Bailey, Esq.; J.J. Scoles, Esq. KOYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY. " The Eoyal Botanic Society of London " was founded and incorporated in 1839, for the pro- motion of Botany in all its branches, and its applica- tion to Medicine, Arts, and Manufactures, and also for the formation of extensive botanical and orna- mental Gardens, within the immediate vicinity of the metropolis. The original members, mentioned in the charter, are the late Duke of Norfolk, E. M., the Duke of Richmond, the Earl of Albemarle, the late Col. Rushbrooke, M. P., Ed. Marjoribanks, Esq., P. Barnes, Esq., and J. De Carle Sowerby, Esq. The Duke of Richmond was the first President; he was succeeded by the present President, as Earl of Surrey. The grounds of the Society, about eighteen acres in extent, are bounded by the inner circle of Regent's Park, and contain a conservatory that affords space for Two Thousand visitors. About One Thousand Pounds are distributed annually in the encouragement of the importation and growth of desirable plants. Three exhibitions are held annually, in the months 96 LEARNED SOCIETIES. of May, June, and July, when nearly Three Hun- dred medals are distributed, varying in value from Twenty Pounds to Fifteen Shillings, independent of certificates. Every candidate for admission as a Fellow or Mem- ber must be proposed by three or more Fellows, and admitted by ballot. The payments are an Admission fee of Five Guineas, and an annual contribution of Two Guineas, or a composition of Twenty Guineas. All subscriptions are due on the 25th of March. The Meetings for scientific and routine business are held on the second and fourth Saturdays of each month, at a quarter before four o'clock. The annual general meeting is held on the 10th of August at one o'clock. On all the Wednesdays in May, June, and July, not occupied by the exhibitions, promenades take place in the gardens at half past three o'clock. President — The Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal. Treasurer — Edward Marjoribanks, Esq, Secretary — J. De Carle Sowerby, F. L. S., F. Z. S., Regent's Park. Assistant Secretary — P.E. Barnes, B. A., F.L. S. Fellows Members - 1216 - 33 Honorary members Foreign „ Corresponding „ Associate „ 3 1 10 1 I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 97 PHAEMACEUTICAL SOCIETY. " The Pharmaceutical Society or Great Britain " was instituted 1st June, 1841, and in- corporated 18th February, 1843 ; for the purpose of uniting the Chemists and Druggists into one ostensible recognised and independent body, for the protection of their general interests, and for the advancement of Pharmacy, by furnishing such a uniform system of education as shall secure to the profession and the public, the safest and most efficient administration of medicine. It has established a Board of Examiners, a Practical Laboratory, a most excellent Museum, a Library, and Lectures on various subjects. It has also received upwards of £30,000 from the voluntary contributions of its members, part of which has been appropriated to Benevolent purposes. Members are admitted either by election or by examination ; in the former case the Admission fee is Two Guineas, in the latter nothing. Members resident within five miles of the General Post Office, pay annually One Guinea and a Half ; those resident without these limits pay One Guinea. There are also Associates, admitted by examination, who pay Half a Guinea annually, and Registered Apprentices who pay the same sum. The Society's House is at 17. Bloomsbury Square, and the meetings are held on the second and fourth Wednesdays in each month. The Annual General Meeting is on the third Tuesday in May. The F 98 LEARNED SOCIETIES. initial letters sometimes used by the Members are respectively M. P. &, A. P. 3., and K. A. P. S. The Pharmaceutical Journal, in monthly shilling numbers, has reached its sixth volume. President — John Savory, Esq. Vice-President — Thomas N. R. Morson, Esq. Treasurer — Richard Hotham Pigeon, Esq. Secretary — George Walter Smith, Esq. This Society, the official name of which is " The Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce," was founded in 1753, and has for its General Objects, — the Encourage- ment of Art, Improvement in Manufactures, Me- chanics, Agriculture, Chemistry, the Colonies, and Trade. To effect these objects, committees are ap- pointed as in the Royal Society, selected from the Members at large, whose special business it is to con- sider the various communications received, with a view to recommending their adoption or rejection by the Society. In cases of approval, the committee also recommend to whom rewards should be given, their amount in certain cases, and whether they should be pecuniary or honorary. There are seven committees at present, — for (1) Accounts, (2) Fine Arts, (3) Agri- culture, (4) Chemistry, (5) Colonies and Trade, (6) Members Honorary ditto - - 3000 20 SOCIETY OF ARTS. I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 99 Manufactures, and (7) Mechanics. The two Chair- men of each of these Committees, and six independent members elected by the Society at large, constitute the Council. At the time when this Society was founded, there was no Society in London that contemplated the promotion of any of the above objects : the only one in any way analogous to it being the Royal Society. The Society has, by the rewards which it has offered, been the means of reclaiming vast tracts of land from the sea, and also of causing extensive plantations of oak, birch, fir, and other timber to be made. The promotion of Art, however, was and is the Society's primary object, and accordingly we find that the Royal Academy of Art was established, and held its first Exhibition in the rooms of this Society. In carrying out its various objects, a sum of not less than £100,000, raised by the Subscriptions of Mem- bers, by Donations, and also by Legacies, has been expended. Among the lists of juvenile Artists re- warded in the early days of the Society, we find the names of Sir Thomas Lawrence, Nollekens, the Pingos, Bacon, Flaxman, Wyon, Sir W. C. Ross, Edwin Landseer, Finden and others. During the last forty years, some distinguished member of the Royal Family has been its President ; at present that office is held by H. R. H. Prince Albert. Members are elected by ballot in the usual way, and they make no payment on Admission, but an annual subscription of at least Two Guineas, or a composition of Twenty. They are styled "Members," and are not known by the use of any initial letters. A Charter has been applied for. f 2 100 LEARNED SOCIETIES. The Meetings are held at the Society's House, John Street, Adelphi, at eight o'clock on Wednesday even- ings, during the months of November, December, February, March, May and June. The election of officers occurs on the first Wednesday in April ; the anniversary, when the rewards are distributed by the President, occurs in June. There are in all fifty-five volumes of Transactions published by the Society, of which part is a new series, recently com- menced. President — His Royal Highness Prince Albert, D.C.L., F.R.S., &c. Secretary — J. Scott Russell, M. A., F. R. S. E. Corresponding Secretary — Francis Whishaw, M.Inst.C.E. MEDICAL SOCIETY OF LONDOK " The Medical Society of London " was in- stituted in 1773 for the advancment of Medical Science. It awards annually for merit, three medals^ — a gold one denominated the Fothergillian, and two silver ones. Fellows are elected by ballot ; and they pay One Guinea at Entrance, and One Guinea annually. The Society's House is in Bolt Court, Fleet Street, and was bequeathed to the Society by Dr. Lettsom. The Meetings are held every Monday evening, at eight Ordinary Members Honorary „ - 800 - 30 830 I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 101 o'clock, from the last Monday in September to the last Monday in May, with the exception of two or three weeks at Christmas. Of three general meet- ings, that on the 8th of March, Dr. Fothergill's birthday, is set apart for the annual dinner, the delivery of the oration, and the presentation of the medals. The Society published six volumes of Transactions from 1797 to 1805. In 1810 a volume of Transactions was published, and in 1817 a second volume. In 1846 the first volume of a new series was issued, price 7s. 6d. The Society possesses a very fine Library of old books, chiefly bequeathed by Dr. Lettsom. Fellows - - - - 84 President — W. C. Dendy, Esq. Vice-Presidents — Theophilus Thompson, M. D. ; John Bishop, Esq. ; H. Clut terbuck, M. D. ; John Hilton, F. R. S. Treasurer — Nathaniel Clifton, Esq. Secretaries — James F. Clarke, Esq. ; W. Smiles, M.D. Foreign Secretary — Thomas Davidson, M.D. ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY. " The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland" was founded in 1823, for the investigation and encouragement of Arts, Sciences and Literature, in relation to Asia. It is composed in a great degree of noblemen and gentlemen who are or have been connected with our possessions in p 3 102 LEARNED SOCIETIES. India, and of those who take an interest in the ex- tended field of inquiry relating to China. The first Director was H. T. Colebrooke, Esq., a gentleman distinguished for his extensive acquirements in San- skrit and general literature ; and on the first Council we find the names of several individuals who are always associated with the East, as the Eight Hon. Sir Gore Ouseley, Bart., Sir James Mackintosh, &c. The Presidents since the formation of the Society, have been the Eight Hon. C. W. Williams Wynn ; the Earl of Minister ; Lord Fitzgerald and Vesci ; and the Earl of Auckland. Since the establishment of the Society, it has published three quarto volumes of Transactions, and nearly ten volumes of an octavo Journal. In these works are to be found many im- portant articles on Eastern Literature, Religion, Phi- losophy, Archaeology, Law, Science, Languages, &c. The tenth volume, of which a large portion is pub- lished, will be wholly occupied with the memoir of Major E-awlinson, on the very interesting historical inscription of Behistun, in the ancient Persian lan- guage, and cuneiform character. The Society's library is rich in oriental MSS. and Chinese books ; and its museum contains some valuable collections of coins, models, figures, marbles, inscriptions, and other objects of interest. The Society receives no Public assistance beyond an annual donation of 100 Guineas from the East India Company. The Society consists of Members, who are Resident, (i. e. whose usual place of abode is in Great Britain or Ireland,) Non-Resident, Honorary, Foreign^ and Corresponding, These are all elected in the same way. The recommendation must come from three I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 103 or five members, one of whom at least, must testify from personal knowledge ; and at the ballot, three fourths of the votes are required. Resident members pay an Admission Fee of Five Guineas, and an Annual Subscription of Three Guineas. The Non-Resident Members do not pay the Annual Subscription. It may be Compounded for originally for Thirty Guineas ; after two annual payments, for Twenty-five, and after four or more annual payments, for Twenty. The Society's Rooms are at 14. Grafton Street, Bond Street, and the meetings are held on the first and third Saturdays in every month, from November to June inclusive (except those in May, and the Saturdays preceding Easter, Whitsuntide, and Christ- mas), at two o'clock. The Anniversary occurs on the Second Saturday in May. The following societies are declared to be Branch Societies of the a Royal Asiatic Society," and their Members, when in England, have free admission to its meetings : — The Literary Society of Bombay; The Literary Society of Madras ; The Asiatic Society of Ceylon; The Asiatic Society of China, at Hong Kong. Resident Members, annual - 204 for life - 113 Honorary Non-Resident Foreign Corresponding 317 - 8 - 59 - 60 - 57 501 F 4 104 LEARNED SOCIETIES. President — The Eight Hon. the Earl of Auck- land, G.C.B. Vice-Presidents — The Right Hon. Sir Alexander J ohnston ; the Right Hon. Sir Edward Ryan ; Sir George T. Staunton, Bart., M.P., F. R.. S. ; the Hon. Mountstuart Elphinstone. Director — Professor H. H. Wilson, F. R. S. Treasurer — Charles Elliott, F.R. S. Secretary — Richard Clarke, Esq. ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. " The Zoological Society of London " was instituted in 1826, under the auspices of Sir Hum- phrey Davy, Bart., Sir Stamford Raffles, and other eminent individuals, for the advancement of Zoology, and the introduction and exhibition of subjects of the Animal Kingdom, alive and in a state of pre- servation. Its prominent objects therefore are two- fold ; first, to familiarise the public with specimens of the Animal Kingdom from every clime, and thus to guide and stimulate to the acquisition of scientific information on Zoology and other kindred topics ; and second, to afford to scientific inquirers, the op- portunity of examining actual specimens, whether in reference to structure, habits, or external ap- pearance. The Gardens of the Society are open from nine o'clock in the morning till sunset ; to these, every Fellow is entitled to admission, and he may introduce two companions daily. The same privilege is ex- tended to his wife ; and any additional companions, I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 105 or strangers general] y, having orders signed by Fellows, are admitted upon payment of one shilling each. The following individuals are Honorary Members of this Society ex officiis ; the Presidents of the Royal, Linnsean, Geological, and Horticultural So- cieties ; the Presidents of the Royal Institution, and of the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons ; and the Chairman of the Hudson's Bay Company. Candidates for admission must be recommended at a monthly general meeting, by a Certificate signed by three or more Fellows ; and after an interval of one month, they are balloted for and elected by two thirds of the votes. The Fees are Five Pounds on Admission, and Three Pounds annually, due on the 1st of January. The annual subscription may be compounded for at the rate of ten years' purchase, the whole of the payments being Thirty-five Pounds. The Rooms of the Society, where meetings are held, subscriptions paid, &c, are at No. 11. Hanover Square. There is a general monthly meeting on the First Thursday of every month, at three o'clock ; and the meetings for Scientific business are held on the second and fourth Tuesdays, at half-past eight o'clock. The Anniversary meeting is held on the 29th of April. The Members of this Society are styled " Fellows of the Zoological Society," and each is known by the initial letters F. Z. S. Two volumes of Transactions have appeared, at irregular intervals and at varying prices. Fourteen annual parts of Proceedings, have also been published. The Pro- ceedings now published in fortnightly numbers, are obtained gratuitously by the Fellows. f 5 106 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Ordinary Fellows, compounding 470 » 33 subscribing - 1407 Honorary ex officii s - - 11 Corresponding (Foreign) - - 142 2030 President — Right Hon. the Earl of Derby, K. GL, D.C.L. Vice-Presidents — The Lord Bishop of Norwich, D. D., Pres. L. S. ; Right Hon. Sir George Clerk, Bart, M.P., D. C.L. ; Sir J. P. Boileau, Bart., F.R. S. ; Right Hon. Sir T. Frankland Lewis, Bart, F.R. S.; Admiral Bowles, M. P. ; Thomas Yarrell, F.L. S. Treasurer — Charles Drummond, Esq. Secretary — David William Mitchell, Esq. ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. The " Royal Geographical Society of London" was established in 1830, for the improve- ment and diffusion of Geographical Knowledge. Its more detailed objects are, (1) to collect, register, digest, and print, accounts of new and useful disco- veries, (2) to accumulate a library of reference, con- sisting of books, maps, charts, &c, (3) to procure spe- cimens of useful instruments, i.e. such as are required by travellers, (4) to prepare brief instructions for travellers, and (5) to correspond with similar societies abroad, and with collateral societies at home. On the 23d July, 1831, the African Association — which had maintained an independent existence from June 9th, 1,788, as the successor of the Saturday Club — was incorporated with the Royal Geo- I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 107 graphical Society; and on the 4th of March, 1834, the Palestine Association, which had been founded in 1805, joined it also. [In 1831, the Geographical Society of Bombay was founded, and in J une of the following year it became affiliated to the Royal Geographical Society ; it now, however, acts independently.] The library contains upwards of 5000 volumes, more than 1000 pamphlets, and from 5000 to 6000 maps and charts. Within sixteen years the Society has expended 6000/. for its Journal, delivered gratuitously to 750 members, and 55 Scientific institutions at home and abroad; and 4000/. for expeditions, and instruments supplied to travellers. The certificate of a candidate for admission must be signed by at least two Members, one of them " from personal knowledge;" and his election, at the next meeting, is secured by two thirds of the votes. The fees are 3/. at entrance, and either 21. annually, or a composition which has lately been raised from 17/. to 25/. Corresponding and Honorary Members are elected in the same way ; the number of the latter is limited to forty. The Members are styled " Members [or Fellows] of the Royal Geographical Society," and each is known by the initial letters M. KG. S., or F.R, G. S, The place of meeting is at the Society's Rooms, No. 3. Waterloo Place. The time, second and fourth Mondays of every month, from the second Monday in November to the second Monday in June, at half- past eight o'clock. The Anniversary Meeting occurs on the fourth Monday in May, when two gold medals, the donation of Her Most Gracious Majesty, are f 6 108 LEARNED SOCIETIES. presented to the two most distinguished promoters of geographical discovery. At the last meeting these were awarded to Captain Sturt and Dr. Leichhardt. Ordinary Members, paying annually 355 for life - 340 695 Corresponding Members - 22 Foreign Honorary Members - 40 Total 757 President — W. J. Hamilton, M.P. Vice-Presidents — Sir John Barrow, Bart., F.R.S. ; the Right Hon. the Lord Colchester ; Sir Ro- derick Impey Murchison, F.R.S., &c. ; Captain W. H. Smyth, B.N., F.R. S., &c. Foreign and Honorary Secretary — Rev. G. C. Renouard, B. D. Secretary and Editor of Journal — Dr. Humble, M.D., F.G.S. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. " The Entomological Society of London " was founded on the 22d of May, 1833. Its object is the Cultivation of the Knowledge of the Structure, uses, habits, and functions of the Insect-tribes both native and foreign ; the publication in its Proceedings and Transactions, of papers read at the Monthly meetings, and the discussion of subjects contained therein ; and the formation of an Entomological Library, and also of a collection of British and Foreign Insects. I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 109 The Members are admitted by ballot, on the re- commendation of three members. Admission fee Two Guineas ; annual payment One Guinea. Foreign and Honorary Members, as well as Members resident in the Country, are entitled to the Transactions, &c. gratuitously, but the resident Members who have access to the cabinets and library, pay a reduced price for them. The Society consists also of Corre- sponding Members resident in the Colonies. The meetings are held at the Society's Rooms, 17. Old Bond Street, on the first Monday in every month throughout the year, at eight o'clock p. m. The Anniversary meeting is on the fourth Monday in January. The Curator is in attendance every Tuesday at the Society's Rooms, between one and seven o'clock p. M. President — W. Spence, F.R. S., &c. Vice-Presidents — W. Yarrell, J. Walton, and A. Ingpen, Esqrs. Treasurer — W. Yarrell, F. L. S., F. Z. S., &c. Secretary — John O. Westwood, F.L. S., &c, and W. F. Evans, Esq. STATISTICAL SOCIETY. " The Statistical Society of London 99 was founded on the 15th of March, 1834. Its ge- neral objects are to procure exact information on subjects on which only general ideas are entertained; to substitute as far as possible facts for presumptions, and numerical tables for loose statements ; to institute 110 LEARNED SOCIETIES. inquiries upon topics wholly or partially neglected ; and in general, to see that the public possess correct official information, especially upon subjects of social or national importance. The subjects are subdivided as follows : 1. Physical Geography, Division and Appropriation ; 2. Production ; 3. Instruction ; 4. Protection ; 5. Life, Consumption, and Enjoyment. The members are styled Fellows, and at their election there must be a recommendation from two Fellows, and a majority of three fourths of the votes. The payments are Two Guineas annually, which may be compounded for at the rate of ten years' purchase. The Fellows are known respectively by the initial letters F. S. S. There are also Honorary and Cor- responding Members, and there is not a difference made between resident and non-resident Fellows. The Society's Rooms are at No. 12. St. James's Square, and the meetings occur on fixed Monday evenings, Monthly, from November to June inclusive, at eight o'clock in the evening. The Anniversary meeting is held on the 15th of March, at three o'clock, p. M. The Society has issued nine volumes of its Journal of Proceedings, &c. Ordinary Fellows - - 412 Foreign Honorary Members - 28 Corresponding „ 13 453 President — The Eight Hon. Earl Fitzwilliam. Vice-Presidents — Lieut. Colonel W. H. Sykes, V.P.R.S. ; Sir John P. Boileau, Bart.; Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., M. P. ; Right Hon. Holt Mackenzie. I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. Ill Treasurer — G. E. Porter, Esq,, F. R. S. Hon. Secretaries — Joseph Fletcher, Esq., AY. A. Guy, M.D., W. D. Oswald, Esq. Assistant Secretary — Dr. King. BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. " The Botanical Society of London " was instituted on the 29th of November, 1836, for (1) the promotion and diffusion of Botanical Science; (2) the formation of British and General Herbaria ; (3) the exchange of Specimens, with other Societies, or with individuals ; (4) the establishment of a Library for reference and circulation; and (5) the holding of evening meetings for the reception of Papers and other communications, to be published from time to time. The Society possesses an extensive Herbarium, which is open to the inspection of the Members and other Botanists every Friday evening from seven to ten o'clock: and it has, together witli Honorary, Resident, Corresponding, and Foreign Members, fifty- six Local Secretaries, chiefly in^the British dominions, Home and Colonial. There is also a lending library for the Members, containing some excellent works. The leading feature of the Society, however, is the Exchange of British and Foreign Specimens, wdiich has been carried on for some years with great success. In the regulations of the Herbarium Committee, pub- lished in April, 1846, they state that "neither private Correspondence, nor Membership of any other Asso- ciation, has ever given British Botanists those advan- 112 LEARNED SOCIETIES. tages ill forming their Herbaria, which are now realized by Membership of the Botanical Society of London." The Members of this Society are styled " Mem- bers/' and are known respectively by the initial letters M. B. S. L. The certificate of a Candidate (whether Resident or Non-Resident) must be signed by two members ; and at the ballot two thirds of those voting elect. TheAdmission fee is One Guinea, and the annual contribution One Guinea for resident, and Half a Guinea for non-resident members. In either case, Composition is accepted at the rate of seven years' purchase. Ladies are eligible as Mem- bers. The Society's Rooms are at 20. Bedford Street, Covent Garden ; and the Meetings are held on the first Friday in every Month, at eight o'clock in the evening. The Anniversary Meeting is held on the 29th day of November, being the Anniversary of the birth of the celebrated English Botanist, " John Ray." President — John Edward Gray, F. R. S., &c. Vice-Presidents — John Miers, F. R. S., F. L. S. ; Edward Doubleday, F. L. S. Treasurer — John Reynolds, Esq. Secretary — George Edgar Dennes, F. L. S., Ordinary Members Honorary ,, Foreign „ ~ 203 - 4 - 19 F.G.S., &c. I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 113 NUMISMATIC SOCIETY. " The Numismatic Society " was instituted on the 22d of December, 1836, chiefly through the ex- ertions of John Lee, Esq., LL.D., and a few other gentlemen ; and its first ordinary meeting was held 26th January, 1837. Its object is the encourage- ment and promotion of Numismatic Science in all its branches. Candidates for membership, transmit their names to the Secretary, and are proposed and balloted for in the usual way. The Admission Fee is One Guinea, and the Annual Subscription Thirty Shillings. This entitles the Members to the numbers of the Numis- matic Chronicle, published Quarterly, and edited by John Yonge Akerman, Esq., F. S. A., whose writings upon coins, medals, &c, are well known. The place of meeting is at No. 41. Tavistock Street, Covent Garden ; and the ordinary meetings occur on the last Thursday in each month, from November till May inclusive, at seven o'clock. The Members are known respectively by the initial letters M.N. S. Ordinary Members Honorary „ Associates - 140 - 1 - 47 188 President — Professor H. H. Wilson, F. E. S., M.R.A.S., Oxford. 114 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Vice-Presidents — Lord Albert Deirison Conyng- ham, F. S. A. ; James Dodsley Cuff, F. S. A. Treasurer — John Brodribb Bergne, F. S. A. Secretaries — The Rev. Henry Christmas, M. A., F. R. S., F. S. A. ; James Cove Jones, F. S A. MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY. " The Microscopical Society " was instituted September 3d, 1839,(1) for the promotion and dif- fusion of improvements in the optical and mechanical construction, (2) for the communication and dis- cussion of observations and discoveries, (3) for the exhibition of new or interesting microscopical objects and preparations, (4) for submitting difficult and obscure microscopical phenomena, to the test of various instruments, (5) for the establishment of a Library of standard Microscopical works. Meetings of private individuals, for similar purposes, had been held for several years before the formation of the society ; but these became at length inconvenient, from the want of a fixed locality and from limitation in space. The Society consists of Ordinary and Honorary Members and of Associates. The number of the Honorary members is limited to twenty, and they must not be resident in Great Britain. A candidate must be recommended by at least three ordinary members, one of whom must know him personally ; and after the certificate has been read publicly at two ordinary meetings of the Society, the ballot takes place. There must be at least twelve members I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 115 j)resent, and the election is secured by a majority of two thirds in favour of the candidate. The Admission Fee is One Guinea, and the annual subscription One Guinea; the latter may be compounded for at the usual rate of purchase. Associates are elected with the same formalities, but are freed from all payments. The meetings of the Society are held at the rooms of the Horticultural Society, 21. Regent Street, on the evenings of Wednesday from October till June, at seven o'clock. The chair is vacated at nine, and the meeting assumes the form of a conversazione. The Society publishes Transactions. " The Chemical Society of London " was instituted on the 23rd of February, 1841, for the promotion of Chemistry and those brandies of Science immediately connected with it ; for the communica- tion and discussion of discoveries and observations relating to such subjects ; and for the formation of a Library of scientific works, and of a Museum of Chemical Preparations and Standard Instruments. Ordinary Members Honorary „ Associates - 164 - 4 - 2 President — J. S. Bowerbank, F. R. S. Treasurer — N. B. Ward, Esq. Secretary — J. Quekett, Esq. Assistant Secretary — Mr. J. Williams. THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. 116 LEARNED SOCIETIES. The Society consists of Ordinary and Foreign Mem- bers, and of Associates. A candidate for admission must be known to at least one of three who recom- mend him, his certificate is suspended in the rooms during three ordinary meetings, and he is elected by having three fourths of those balloting in his favour. The Fees paid are Two Pounds annually by resident members (or those within twenty miles of London), and One Pound by non-resident members. Either may compound, at the rate of ten years' purchase. This Society has already published two volumes of Transactions, and a third is nearly ready. Its meet- ings are held at present in the Rooms of the Society of Arts, John Street, Adelphi, on the first and third Mondays of every month, from the beginning of No- vember till the end of June, at eight o'clock. The Anniversary meeting is held on the 30th of March, at eight o'clock, or on the 31st should that happen on a Sunday. The subscription of Members is cal- culated from the Lady Day or Michaelmas preceding their election. Ordinarv Members, resident - - 94 ,, ,, non-resident - - 102 Foreign „ 7 Associates ----- 6 President — William Thomas Brande, Esq. Vice-Presidents — Arthur Aikin ; John Thomas Cooper ; Thomas Graham ; and Richard Philips, Esqrs. Treasurer — Robert Porret, Esq. Foreign Secretary — A. W. Hoftnann, Ph. D. I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 117 Secretaries — Robert Warington, Esq. ; George Fownes, Ph. D. THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY. " The Philological Society " was instituted May 18th, 1842, for the Investigation of the Struc- ture, the Affinities, and the History of Languages, and for the Philological illustration of the Classical writers of Greece and Rome. For some time, its members were comparatively few, and its meetings were not extensively known ; but it has lately assumed a much more prominent position, and has just com- pleted the second volume of its Journal of Proceed- ings, &c. The Certificate of an applicant for Membership, must be signed by at least three Members, of whom one must certify from his personal knowledge. At the second meeting after this has been read from the chair, he is balloted for, and a majority of the votes in his favour secures his election. The payments are One Guinea on Admission, and One Guinea annually, due on the 1st of January. The Life composition is Ten Guineas. The Meetings of the Society are held at the Lon- don Library, St. James's Square, on the second and fourth Fridays in every month, from November to June inclusive, except during the Christmas and Easter holidays, at eight o'clock. The Anniversary occurs on the fourth Friday in May. The Members use the initial letters, M. P. S., and occasionally F.P. S. 118 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Ordinary Members - Honorary „ - 200" - 11 President — The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of St. David's. Vice-Presidents — The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of London; the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Lichfield ; the Right Hon. Lord Lyttelton ; H. H. Wilson, Esq. Treasurer — H. Wedgwood, Esq. Secretary — E. Guest, Esq. Assistant Secretary — Mr. J. G. Cochrane, London Library. "The Ethnological Society of London" was founded by Dr. King in 1843. Its prominent object is to inquire into the distinguishing cha- racteristics, physical and moral, of the varieties of Mankind which inhabit or have inhabited the earth, and to ascertain the cauees of such charac- teristics. It is difficult to explain the fact, and melancholy to contemplate it, that in every region of the earth, Man has been almost universally re- garded by us with indifference. Fellows are admitted by ballot, candidates trans- mit their names, addresses, qualifications, &c. to the Secretary. The annual subscription is Two Pounds, the life composition Twelve Pounds. There is a Journal published by the Society. The Society's Rooms are at No. 27. Sackville Street, ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY. I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 119 and the meetings are held monthly, from November to June inclusive, on Wednesday evenings at eight o'clock. The Anniversary meeting is held in the month of May. The Society has published one volume of Proceedings. Ordinary Fellows *- - - 157 President — James Cowles Prichard, M.D. Vice-Presidents — Vice- Admiral Sir Charles Mal- colm ; Hon. Mount- Stuart Elphinstone ; the Earl of Ellesmere ; George B. Greenough, Esq. Treasurer — Sir James Clark, Bart., M.D. Honorary Secretary — Dr. King, 27. Sackville Street. ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. " The British Archaeological Association " was established in 1843, for the Encouragement and prosecution of researches into the Arts and Monu- ments of the Middle Ages, particularly in England. The Association is divided into two classes, As- sociates and Correspondents ; the first consisting of annual subscribers of One Guinea or upwards, or of life subscribers of Ten Guineas. They are entitled to receive the Quarterly Journal of the Society, and to attend the Meetings held twice in the month in London. A general meeting, or Congress, is held in one of the towns in England, lasting for a week, and a volume is published with illustrations, recording the proceedings during this period. These meetings 120 LEARNED SOCIETIES. have been already held at Canterbury, Winchester, and Gloucester ; that for 1847 is to be held at War- wick, on the 26th of July. The ticket of admission is One Guinea. The office of the Association is at H. G. Bohns, York Street, Covent Garden. The public meetings in London are held at 32. Sackville Street, at half- past eight in the evening, on the days notified to subscribers. The election of Associates rests with the Council ; Correspondents are elected on the re- commendation of the President, of two members of Council, or of four associates. Distinguished fo- reigners are received as Honorary Members. The election of Officers and Council takes place in the first week in March, in each year. The volumes of the Quarterly Journal are published annually at 18s., and may be had at the Office of the Association, York Street. The Proceedings at the Congresses cost 20s. to Associates. Associates - - - - 489 Life Members - - - 34 President — The Lord Albert D. Conyngham, K.C.H., M.P., F.S.A. Vice-Presidents — Sir William Betham, F. S. A., M. R. I. A. ; B. B. Cabbell, M.P., F. R. S., F. S. A. ; Sir William Chatterton, Bart. ; Rev. W. F. Hope, M. A., F.R. S. ; Sir S. R. Meyrick, K. H., LL. D., F. S. A. ; R. Monckton Milnes, M.P. ; T. J. Pettigrew, Esq., F.R. S„ F. S. A. ; Sir J. Gardiner Wilkinson, F. R. S. Treasurer — T. J. Pettigrew, Esq., F. R, S., F. S. A. I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 121 Secretaries — T. Crofton Croker, F. S. A., M. R. I. A. ; C. Roach Smith, Esq., F. S. A. Secretary for Foreign Correspondence — Thomas Wright, M.A., F.S.A. Hydrographical Secretary — Captain A. B. Becher, R.N. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE. " The Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland " was founded in December, 1843, under the style of the British Archceological Association, Its objects are to investigate, preserve, and illustrate all ancient monuments of history, customs, arts, &c, especially relating to these kingdoms. Persons desirous of becoming Subscribing members are admitted by the central committee, on an in- timation to that effect being communicated to the officers or to a member of the committee. Foreigners eminent for their Knowledge of Archaeology or Art, are elected Honorary Members on the recommenda- tion of any member of the committee. Persons who may be willing to aid the Institute by communicat- ing information, without becoming subscribing mem- bers, are received as Corresponding Members, on the recommendation of any two members of the Society. Annual subscription One Pound or upwards, life composition Ten Pounds. The Apartments of the Institute are at No. 12. Haymarket, where the meetings of the central com- mittee, for the transaction of business, take place, and where the books, drawings, and general collec- G 122 LEAKNED SOCIETIES. tions belonging to the Society are accessible to the members. The monthly meetings of the subscribing members are for the discussion of archaeological subjects of inquiry, and the exhibition of antiquities, drawings, &c. They occur on the first Friday in each month, from November to June inclusive, at four o'clock. These meetings will take place during the ensuing season in the theatre of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 25. Great George Street, West- minster. The Annual Meeting of the Institute is held in one of the Cathedral towns or great cities of the kingdom, towards the close of the session of Parliament. The duration of this meeting is for one week ; the ticket costs One Pound, and trans- ferable tickets for ladies Ten Shillings, as at the meetings of the British Association. In addition to the general privileges, annual subscribers are entitled to receive the volume of each year's Proceedings at the general meeting. Subscribing Members - - 900 Life „ - 35 Corresponding „ - - 500 Honorary „ - - 49 President for the year 1846-7 — The Earl Fitz- william. Vice-Presidents — The Marquis of Northampton ; Sir Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton, Bart. ; Sir Charles Lemon, Bart. ; the Lord Bishop of Oxford. Secretaries — Peter Cunningham, Esq. ; T. Hud- son Turner, Esq. ; Albert Way, Esq. Treasurer — Bev. S. R. Maitland. Editor of Publications — T. Hudson Turner, Esq. I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 123 SYRO-EGYPTIAN SOCIETY. " The Syro-Egyptian Society " was founded December 3d, 1844, to encourage and advance liter- ature, science, and the arts in Egypt, Nubia, Abys- sinia, Arabia, Palestine, Syria, Mesopotamia, and Asia Minor ; to collect information and impart to others, whatever is interesting, instructive, and au- thentic concerning those lands; to cultivate the study of the Hieroglyphics and Oriental Languages ; to preserve copies of Ancient Inscriptions ; to watch over, and, should circumstances permit, to explore and protect the Relics of Antiquity ; and to direct the attention of Travellers to those subjects that are most worthy of investigation. The Society has entered upon its labours with great spirit ; and in a field so interesting, and comparatively untrodden, — for it does not come legitimately within the range either of the Royal Asiatic Society or the Royal Society of Literature, — much that is valuable may be ac- complished, A candidate is proposed by one member from per- sonal knowledge, and seconded by another. After his election he pays, if Resident, One Guinea annually, and if Non resident, nothing. Subscriptions are due in advance at the annual meeting on the 23d of April. The Meetings are held at 71. Mortimer Street, Cavendish Square, on the first Tuesday in the month, from November to June inclusive, at eight o'clock. g 2 124 LEAKNED SOCIETIES. Resident Members - - 107 Non-resident „ - - 92 President — (No such officer appointed). Treasurer — Samuel Sharpe, Esq. Hon. Secretaries — (For Syria) William Holt Yates, M. D., Suweidiyah, near Antioch, Syria; (Home) W. F. Ainsworth, F. G. S., F. R. G. S., New Road, Hammersmith. Hon. Foreign Secretary — William Plate, LL. D., 5. Montague Place, Kentish Town. Publishers — Madden and Malcolm, Leadenhall Street. EOYAL COLLEGE OF CHEMISTRY. " The Royal College of Chemistry " was founded in July, 1845, for the purpose of affording adequate opportunities for instruction in Practical Chemistry, at a moderate expense, and for promoting the general advancement of Chemical Science, and its applications to Agriculture, Manufactures, and the Useful Arts, by means of a well-appointed laboratory. The College is open to subscribers of Two Guineas annually, at No. 16. Hanover Square. The Anniver- sary is on the first Monday in June. The number of Members at present enrolled may be stated at 700; and there are this session 46 Students working in the College Laboratory. President — His Royal Highness the Prince Albert. I. ENGLISH METROPOLITAN. 125 Vice-Presidents - — The Duke of Sutherland ; the Marquises of Lansdowne, Northampton, and Breadalbane ; the Earls of Essex, Fitzwilliam, Clarendon, Chichester, Ducie, Aberdeen, and Ellesmere J the Bishops of Durham and Oxford ; the Lords Brougham, Portman, Palmerston, J. Russell, Sandon, and R. Grosvenor; Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, and Sir Charles Grey ; Baron Liebig ; Capt. Sir W. E. Denison ; and Richard Blakemore, and James Thomson, Esqrs. Treasurer— Benjamin Bond Cabbell, M. P., F. R. S. Professor — A. W. Hoftnann, Ph.D. Assistant Professor — John B. Bly th, M. D. Secretary — Mr. William Johnson. PATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY.* a The Patpiological Society of London " was established for the exhibition and examination of specimens, drawings, microscopic preparations, casts or models of morbid parts, with accompanying written or oral descriptions illustrative of Pathological Science. The Society consists of Honorary, Resident, and Non-resident Members ; the definition of "Resident 99 being within ten miles of the General Post Office. Non-resident Members pay a Life Subscription of Two Guineas, and Resident Members One Guinea on admission, and One Guinea annually. * Neither the MS. account of this Society, nor the proof, was returned by the Secretary. G 3 126 LEARNED SOCIETIES. The meetings occur twice in the month, on Tues- day evenings, from October to June inclusive. The Society's Rooms are at 21. Regent Street. Resident Members Non-resident n Honorary President — C. J. B. Williams, M.D., F.R. S. Treasurer — James Copeland, M. D., F. R. S. Secretaries — Edward Bentley, M. D. ; Nathaniel Ward, Esq. I. LEARNED SOCIETIES IN ENGLAND (Continued). 2. NATIONAL SOCIETY, NOT METROPOLITAN. 3. PROVINCIAL SOCIETIES IN ENGLAND. (1) Chartered. (2) Unchartered. g 4 129 BRITISH ASSOCIATION. " The British Association for the Ad- vancement or Science" was instituted at York, on the 27th of September, 1831. The proposal to form such an association was suggested by Sir David Brewster, in a letter to Mr. John Phillips, one of the Secretaries of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society; and after receiving universal and cordial approval in that locality, it was submitted to men of Science all over the United Kingdom, and was received with equal favour. The objects of the Association are (1) to give a stronger impulse and a more systematic direction to Scientific inquiry : (2) to promote the intercourse of those who cultivate Science in different parts of the British Empire, with one another, and with foreign philosophers : and (3) to obtain a more general attention to the objects of Science, and a removal of any disadvantages of a public kind which impede its progress. The objects of the Association being more of a general than of a local kind, it cannot strictly be called either Metropolitan or Provincial : in this respect it is unlike the two Archaeological Societies, which though they itinerate, are central in London. Its meetings are held annually, in the summer months, in some of the larger provincial towns ; and on these occasions the towns of Ireland and Scotland as well as of England have been honoured by its visits. It is difficult to over estimate or even to imagine the amount of benefit conferred upon Science g 5 130 LEARNED SOCIETIES. in the provinces^ by these annual gatherings. So- cieties which were unnoticed and unknown, have by a little fostering care and judicious advice, risen to importance, — many others have been originated, — in- quiries and observations have been set on foot, — and a pleasing and beneficial interest has been awakened in the minds of many, for learning generally, — from ordinary intercourse with the men whose names and acquirements have long been regarded with respect. Besides, the broader basis, geographically, upon which the Association acts, gives it great advantages in prosecuting certain classes of observations ; and the friendly intercourse of the more prominent culti- vators of science, in their various departments, tends to elicit new truths, to enlighten old ones, and to show that a connexion subsists among all. The following list exhibits the number of General Meetings since the Association was organised, the time of each, the locality, and the name of the President 1st, York, 2d, Oxford, 3d, Cambridge, 4th, Edinburgh, 5th, Dublin, 6th, Bristol, 7th, Liverpool, 8th, Newcastle, uci'iaiiu, x .xv. to., 27th Sept., 1831, The Earl Fitzwilliam, D,C.L.,F.R.S., F.G.S. 18th June, 1832, Rev. W. Buckland, D.D.,F.R.S., F.G.S. 24th June, 1833, Rev. Adam Sedgwick, M.A.,V.P.R.S., &c. '8th Sept., 1834, Sir Thos. M. Brisbane, K.C.B., D.C.L. 10th Aug., 1835, Rev. Provost Lloyd. 22d Aug., 1836, The Marquis of Lans- downe,D.C.L.,F.R.S. 11th Sept., 1837, The Earl of Burlington, # F.R.S., F.G.S. 20th Aug., 1838, The Duke of Northum- II. BRITISH ASSOCIATION. 131 9th, Birmingham, 26th Aug., 1839, Rev. W. Vernon Har- court, M.A., F.R.S. 10th, Glasgow, 17th Sept., 1840, The Marquis of Bread- -albane. 11th, Plymouth, 29th July, 1841, Rev. Professor W lie- well, F.R.S., &c. 12th, Manchester, 23d June, 1842, The Earl of Ellesmere, F.S.A., F.G.S. 13th, Cork, 17th Aug., 1843, The Earl of Rosse, F.R. S. 14th, York, 26th Sept., 1844, Very Rev. G. Peacock, F. R.S., &c. 15th, Cambridge, 19th June, 1845, Sir John F. W. Her- schel, Bart., F.R.S. 16th, Southampton, 10th Sept., 1846, Sir R. I. Murchison, G. C.S., F.R.S. 17th, Oxford, 23d June, 1847, Sir R. II. Inglis, Bart., M.P.,D.C.L., F.R.S. The persons who are qualified to become Members of the Association consist of the following classes, viz. (1) All who attended the First Meeting. (2) The Fellows and Members of Chartered Lite- rary and Philosophical Societies, publishing Trans- actions. (3) The Officers and Members of Councils, or Managing Committees of Philosophical Institutions. (4) All Members of a Philosophical Institution, recommended by its Council or Managing Committee. (5) Other Members elected by the General Com^ mittee or Council, subject to the approval of a Gene- ral Meeting. The payments to be made are as follows : — Ad- mission One Pound, and annual subscription One Pound ; or Composition, including Admission, Ten Pounds. Besides the Members, there are Associates g 6 132 LEAKNED SOCIETIES. for the Year, who pay One Pound ; but they do not receive the Report gratuitously as the Members do, nor are they eligible to the offices of the Association as the Life and Annual Members are. Until the year 1845, the Composition was only Five Pounds; and until 1839 there was no fee on Admission. The Association therefore consists, practically, of five (not three) classes of persons, together with Correspond- ing Members nominated by the Council, who consti- tute a sixth. The meetings of the Association continue for a week or longer; the place is appointed on each occasion at a previous meeting, and there are gene- rally invitations from several towns, between which the Committee have to make a selection. The period of the meeting is usually characterised by gaiety and hospitality, in addition to scientific inquiry. The General Committee consists of the following classes of persons : — 1. The Presidents and Officers of the present or of preceding years, and the Authors of papers which have appeared in the Reports. 2. Members who have communicated any paper to a Philosophical Society on subjects similar to those of the Association, and which has been published in the Transactions. 3. Office-bearers or delegates (not exceeding three) from any Philosophical Society publishing Transac- tions. 4. Office-bearers or delegates (not exceeding three) from any Philosophical Institution in the present or former places of meeting. II. BRITISH ASSOCIATION. 133 5. Foreigners specially appointed by the President and General Secretaries. 6. The Presidents, Vice-presidents, and Secretaries of Sections. For the discharge of business, there are also various Sub-committees, called by different names, as — I. Sectional Committees. — These are ap- pointed by the General Committee, to arrange and superintend the subjects of investigation in various sections and to report upon subjects prescribed. Of the Sections there are at present seven, but the number may be increased or diminished, as circumstances may suggest. They are — A. Mathematics and Physics. B. Chemistry and Mineralogy, including their application to Agriculture and the Arts. C. Geology and Physical Geography. D. Zoology and Botany. (Sub-section) Ethnology. E. Physiology. F. Statistics. G. Mechanical Science. II. Committee of Eecommendations. — The recommendations from the Sectional Committees are received and reported upon by this com- mittee ; and no sum of money is granted for any object unless recommended by this Com- mittee. III. Local Committees. — These make arrange- 134 LEAKNED SOCIETIES. ments for the Meetings in the various localities. They may add to their number at pleasure. The Authors of Papers only permit the Associa- tion to have the use of them : their right of property in such papers is not interfered with. Life Members 1850 Subscribing Members and Associates about 500 President for the Oxford Meeting — Sir R. H. Inglis, Bart., M. P. Vice-Presidents for Oxford — . The Earl of Rosse ; the Bishop of Oxford ; the Vice- Chancellor of Oxford ; T. Gr. B. Estcourt, M. P. ; the Dean of Westminster; Professor Daubeny ; Professor Baden Powell. General Treasurer — John Taylor, F. R. S., 2. Duke Street, Adelphi, London. General Secretary — Lt. Col. Sabine, For. Ses. R. S., Woolwich. Assistant- General Secretary — John Phillips,F.R. S., York. CAMBRIDGE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. " The Cambridge Philosophical Society " was instituted November 15th, 1819, and incor- porated by Royal Charter, August 3d, 1832. Its objects are the promotion of Scientific inquiries and facilitating the communication of facts connected with the advancement of Philosophy and Natural III. ENGLISH PROVINCIAL. 135 History. It has already published eight 4to. volumes of Transactions, chiefly on mathematical subjects. - The Members are styled Fellows, and each is known by the initial letters F. C. P. S. Every Fel- low must be a Graduate of the University of Cam- bridge, and no graduate of the University is per- mitted to be an Honorary Member. A Candidate for admission must be recommended by at least three Fellows, one of whom recommends him from personal knowledge; and at the second meeting after he is proposed he is elected by two- thirds of those voting. The payments are One Guinea on admission, and either One Guinea an- nually, or a Composition of Ten Guineas. The Society's House, where the meetings are held, and the Library and Museum are deposited, is in All Saints' Passage, near the Colleges of St. John and Trinity. The Meetings are held on alternate Monday evenings, during full Term, at seven o'clock. The Annual General Meeting occurs on the 6th of No- vember, or on the 7th, if the usual day should happen to be Sunday. Ordinary Fellows - -534 Honorary „ - - 59 593 President — ■ Rev. James Challis, M. A., Plumian Professor of Astronomy. Vice-Presidents — Rev. W. Whewell, D. D., V.P.R.S., &c, Master of Trinity College; Rev. 136 LEARNED SOCIETIES. A. Ollivant, D. D., Eeg. Prof. Divinity, Trinity College; Rev. S. Earnshaw; M. A., St. John's College. Treasurer — G. E. Paget, M. D., Caius College. Secretaries — W. Hopkins, M. A., F. R. S., F.R. A. S., F. Gr. S., St. Peter's College ; W.H. Miller, M.A., F.R.S., F. Gr. S., Professor of Mineralogy; Charles C. Babington, M. A., F.L.S., F.G.S., St. John's College. LITEEAEY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF MANCHESTER. " The Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester " was established in 1781 ; for the general purpose of diffusing Literary and Scientific intelligence, and of promoting the Literary and Scientific inquiries of learned men in the town and neighbourhood. Its first volume of Memoirs was published in 1789, and since that time there have been issued twelve volumes, in two series, the latter of which commenced in the year 1805. Several men of eminence have been connected with this Society since its institution ; and the publications of the Society contain about thirty papers by the late Dr. Dalton. The original statements respecting the Atomic theory were given to this Society, October 21st, 1803, and occur in vol. i., new series.* * " An inquiry into the relative weights of the ultimate par- ticles of bodies, is a subject, as far as I know, entirely new ; I have lately been prosecuting this inquiry with remarkable success." (p. 286.) At p. 287. he gives a Table of Atomic Weights. III. ENGLISH PROVINCIAL. 137 The Members of the Society are Ordinary, Corre- sponding, and Honorary. In every case, the certificate of a candidate is signed by three ordinary members ; and this having been read at two ordinary meetings, he is elected by a majority of two thirds of the mem- bers present. The payments are Two Guineas of Admission fee, and an annual Subscription of One Guinea. The elections are made only at the quarterly meetings ; the Anniversary is that which occurs in April. The session extends from October to April in- clusive. The Meetings are held on each alternate Tuesday throughout that period, at seven o'clock in the evening. Ordinary Members - - 163 Honorary ,, - - 30 Corresponding „ - 20 President — Edward Holme, M. D., F.L. S. Vice-Presidents — John Moore, F. L. S. ; Peter Clare, F. R. A. S. ; Joseph Atkinson Ransome, F.B.C.S.; Eaton Hodgkinson, F.P.S., F.G.S. Treasurer — Sir Benjamin Heywood, Bart., F.K.S. Secretaries — John Davies, M. W. S. ; James P. Joule, Esq. Librarian — F. E. Vembergue, Esq. 138 LEARNED SOCIETIES. LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF LIVERPOOL. "The Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool " was founded in the spring of 1812, and numbered during its first session fifty-six ordinary and five corresponding members. Its objects are, to promote Literature and Science generally, and to modify the local tendency to the pursuit of Com- merce exclusively. During a period of fourteen years (1817 — 1831) it was presided over by Poscoe the Historian, one of its first Vice-presidents was the late Dr. Bostock, and its first Secretary was Dr. Traill, now of the Uni- versity of Edinburgh. On the 21st of October, 1844, it was united with the Natural History Society of Liverpool, which had maintained an independent existence from September 12th, 1836, i the latter merging its name, but stipulating for a due representation of its subjects. At the end of the session 1844-5, the first volume of Proceedings and Papers was published. The Society has recently resolved to offer a gold medal annually for the best paper read at one of the meetings ; but this may be from a person who is not a member. An arrange- ment has also been concluded with the Committee of the Royal Institution, by which every member has free access to its Museums and Gallery of Art, with liberty to introduce personally ladies and strangers ; the Society is also allowed to use Apparatus, Speci- III. ENGLISH PROVINCIAL. 139 mens, &c 3 when required for illustration in any of its papers. The application for Membership must be signed by at least two members ; and a month after it has been read in the Society, the Candidate is elected by a majority of four fifths. The payments are Half a Guinea on admission and Half a Guinea annually. The meetings are held in the Rooms of the Royal Institution, on alternate Monday evenings, at seven o'clock, from October to the end of April. The Annual meeting is at the beginning of each Session, on the third Monday in October. Ordinary Members - - - 132 Cprresponding - - - 63 President — Rev. James Booth, LL. D., F. R. S., M.R.I. A. Vice-Presidents — Joseph Brooks Yates, F.S. A., M.R.G. S., M.P.S.; Samuel Turner, F.R.S., F. G. S., M. R. A. S. ; John Cunningham, F. G. S., Hon. Mem. Roy. Cornw. G. S. Treasurer — William H. Duncan, M.D. Secretary — Felix Yaniewicz, Esq. THE PLYMOUTH INSTITUTION. " The Plymouth Institution " was founded in 1812, for the promotion of useful knowledge, by encouraging habits of research, by promoting intel- lectual intercourse, and by reading essays and papers upon Literary and Scientific subjects. In 1819, a building was completed for containing the collections 140 LEARNED SOCIETIES. of books, specimens of natural history, apparatus, &c. ; it also affords accommodation for the Scientific meetings and for the periodical lectures. The build- ing is known as the u Athenaeum of the Plymouth Institution." The Society recognises among its prominent benefactors, the late Henry Woollcombe, F. S. A., Patron ; Lt. Col. Hamilton Smith ; Charles Eastlake, Esq. ; Sir W. Snow Harris, P. II. S. ; and the Eev. Dr. Byrth, F. S.A., now of Wallasea, Cheshire. The Institution consists of Fellows, and Ordinary* Corresponding, and Honorary Members. A Fellow is elected by three fourths of those present at a meet- ing, after having had his certificate signed by three other Fellows, and exhibited to the Society at least seven days before. The election of a Member re- quires only a simple majority ; the payment in both cases is One Guinea annually. The Members were originally called Associates ; they are auditors, but are not expected to contribute papers. The Society's session continues from the beginning of October to the end of March ; and during this period the Meetings are held every Thursday even- ing at half past six. Fellows - - - 32 Ordinary Members - 65 Life „ - 38 Honorary „ - 19 President — Sir Wm. Snow Harris, F. R. S. Vice-President — W. Soltau, M. D. Treasurer — I. L. Colley, Esq. Secretary — W. H. Prance, Esq. III. ENGLISPI PROVINCIAL. 141 ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY OF NEWCASTLE- UPON-TYNE. " The Antiquarian Society of Newcastle- upon-Tyne" was established on the 6th of Fe- bruary, 1813, to inquire into Antiquities in general, but especially into those of the North of England, and of the Counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, and Durham in particular. The Members are Or- dinary, Corresponding, and Honorary ; and no one is eligible as a Corresponding Member who is resident in any of the three counties mentioned, or in the " town and county of Newcastle-upon-Tyne." The Society has published three volumes of Transactions at various times. It is also possessed of a good Library and Museum, the latter of which is particu- larly rich in Roman Antiquities, found in general at the various stations on the Wall. Candidates for admission as Ordinary Members, must be proposed at a regular meeting by at least three Members, and balloted for at the next succeed- ing meeting, when a majority of three fourths se- cures the election. Corresponding and Honorary Members are elected in the same way, except that they are proposed and balloted for on the same evening. The payments are, for Ordinary and Cor- responding Members an admission fee of Two Guineas, and for the former an annual subscription of One Guinea. The meetings are held on the first Tuesday in 142 LEARNED SOCIETIES. every month, at the Society's Rooms, at seven o'clock in the evening. The Anniversary is on the first Monday in February, at noon. Ordinary Members - - - 70 Corresponding „ - - - 3 Honorary „ not known. President — Sir John Edward Swinburne, Bart Vice-Presidents — Charles William Bigge, Esq. ; Sir Charles M. Monck, Bart. ; John Hodgson Hinde, M.P. Secretaries — Edward Charlton, M. D. ; John Adamson, Esq. ROYAL GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CORNWALL. €e The Koyal Geological Society of Corn- wall" was founded February 11th, 1814, for the purpose of promoting the study of Geology, especially as connected with mining. Mr. Davies Gilbert, the President of the Royal Society, was the President of this Society till his death. It has published five volumes of Transactions, Members are elected by ballot, and half the votes in favour of any one secures his election. The sub- scription is One Guinea annually, or Ten Guineas for life. The meetings are held monthly, on Friday, at the Society's Rooms in Penzance; and the Annual Meet- ing occurs in October. III. ENGLISH PROVINCIAL. 143 Ordinary Members Associates - 87 - 30 117 Honorary Members Corresponding - 39 - 30 69 President — Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., M. P., Treasurer — J oseph Carne, F. R. S. Secretaries — L. E. Willan, M.B., M.L. ; Samuel Pidwell, Esq. PHILOSOPHICAL AND LITERARY SOCIETY, LEEDS. " The Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society" was founded January 14th, 1820, or, according to a MS. account of it, on December 18th, 1818. Its objects are the promotion of Science and Literature, by the reading of Papers, the delivery of Lectures, the formation of a Museum, the collection of a Library, and the establishment of a Laboratory fitted up with Apparatus. In some respects, the ex- pectations of the founders have not been realised, especially in the procuring of Books and Philosophical Apparatus. A very excellent Museum, however, has been collected, chiefly by presentations from various friends; the Lectures are continued from time to time, and many of the papers read are of a high character. A person desirous of becoming a Member must be F.K. S. 144 LEARNED SOCIETIES. recommended by one existing member, after which he is balloted for in the usual way. The Payments are Three Guineas at Entrance, and One Guinea an- nually. There are also proprietors, who possess the privileges of Life Membership, and can transmit them, under certain limitations, to their respective repre- sentatives ; and Subscribers, who have access to the Museum, and are auditors at the public meetings, for One Guinea annually. The meetings are held at the Society's House on the first and third Friday in every month, from the third Friday in October to the first Friday in May inclusive, at seven o'clock in the evening. The Officers and Council are elected at the last meeting of the Session. Proprietors - - -55 Ordinary Members - - 104 Subscribers - - - 56 Honorary Members - 33 President — Rev. William Sinclair, A.M. Vice-Presidents — Rev. Joseph Holmes, D. D., and John Hope Shaw, Esq. Treasurer — William Williams Brown, Esq. Secretaries — William Sykes Ward, and George Shaw, Esqs. III. ENGLISH PROVINCIAL. 145 NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, MANCHESTER. u The Natural History Society " of Man- chester was founded in 1821, for promoting natural history. The immediate cause of its formation was the death of Leigh Phillips, Esq., who possessed a good collection of foreign insects, which was trans- ferred to the Society, and to which large additions have since been made. The ornithological collection is extremely numerous and varied, mammalia are more rare, and the whole are well set up. A room is devoted exclusively to the Natural History of the British Islands ; the minerals of the late Mr. Strutt of Derby have formed the basis of an interesting collection in that department, and the collections of Mr. William Swainson have formed a similar nucleus for shells and corals. Members, called Governors, are elected quar- terly, by ballot, on the recommendation of two others from personal knowledge. The Admission Fee is Ten Pounds, and the Annual Subscription One Guinea and a Half. Annual Subscribers possessing no rights of membership pay Two Guineas annually. The Society's Hall is in Peter Street, where the meetings are held on the first Wednesday in every month at eleven o'clock in the morning. Governors Ordinary Members - Annual Subscribers - - 290 - 335 - 20 H 146 LEARNED SOCIETIES. President — Edward Holme, M. D., F.L.S. Treasurer — Samuel Walker, Esq. Secretaries — John Owen, Esq. ; Robert Mann, Esq. Acting Curator — Captain Thomas Brown, M. W. S., &c. THE YORKSHIRE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. " The Yorkshire Philosophical Society" was founded in 1822 ; to collect and diffuse informa- tion on the Antiquities, Geology, and Natural His- tory of the County, — by the establishment of a Museum and Library and the holding of periodical meetings. In prosecuting its labours, the Society has met with considerable support, in public and private liberality. Thus, in 1824, three gentlemen now deceased, united their private collections in order to form a Museum ; in 1827, the Crown granted the grounds formerly occupied by the Abbey of St. Mary : in 1829, the inhabitants of the county and city subscribed £10,000 for the erection of the Mu- seum opened in 1830; and in 1843, Stephen Beck- with, M. D., bequeathed to the Society the sum of £10,000. In 1831 the first meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science was held at York, when Earl Fitzwilliam (then Viscount Milton) united in himself the offices of President of the Society and President of the Association. Each candidate is recommended by three members, and balloted for at the next monthly meeting. The payments are Three Pounds on Admission, and Two III. ENGLISH PROVINCIAL. 147 Pounds annually, — or for Members not resident in the County One Pound annually. The meetings are held at the Museum, at One o'clock, on the first Tuesday in every month, from October to June inclusive. The Society possesses a small but ex- cellent Library, a Laboratory, a Theatre for public lectures, and an Observatory. Members - 300 President — Ear] Fitzwilliam, F. E. S. Treasurer — Robert Davies, F. S. A. Secretary — Thomas Meynell, Jun., F. L. S. Keeper of the Museum — Edward Charlesworth, F. G. S. LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, SHEFFIELD. " The Literary and Philosophical So- ciety" of Sheffield was instituted 12th December, 1822, for the purpose of promoting Literature and Science generally, and of modifying the local ten- dency to Manufacturing pursuits exclusively. It possesses a Museum, containing a considerable num- ber of valuable specimens in the departments of Zoology, Geology, &c. ; and to its public meetings or lectures, those who are merely annual subscribers are admitted, as well as those who are Proprietors, or the responsible and working men of the Society. Several papers read at its meetings have been pub- lished separately ; but no volume of Procsedings or Transactions has ever been issued by the Society. H 2 148 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Among its most active and useful members, it has numbered James Montgomery, Esq., " the Christian Poet; " Samuel Bailey, Esq., the late J. H. Abraham, Esq. ; and Sir Arnold J. Knight, M. D. Proprietors are elected by ballot, two thirds of the votes being necessary for that purpose; they pay Two Guineas on admission, and Two Guineas an- nually. Subscribers pay One Guinea annually. The meetings of the Society are held in the Music Hall, on the first Friday of every month, at seven o'clock. Proprietors - - - 75 Subscribers - - - 122 Honorary Members - 19 Corresponding - - 3 President — James Yates, F. R. S., F. G. S., M.P.S., Norton Hall. Vice-Presidents — Rev. J. Manners, M. A. ; S. Bailey, Esq. ; S. Roberts, Jun., Esq. ; H. Boult- bee, Esq. Treasurer — John Ward, Esq. Secretaries — William Lee, and Thomas Chesman, Esqrs. LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, WHITBY. " The Whitby Literary and Philosophical Society" was founded in 1822, for supporting a Museum, and for promoting the interests of Science by such other means as it may be able to undertake. III. ENGLISH PROVINCIAL. 149 The members are elected by ballot ; and they pay on Admission Two Guineas, with a Subscription of Half a Guinea annually. Those who pay Ten Guineas in one sum, or Five Guineas and Half a Guinea annually, are called Governors. There are also annual subscribers who do not take the rank of members, but who participate in the advantages of the Museum. The collection is an interesting one, especially in the fossils and antiquities of the east of Yorkshire ; but the reading of papers, and the work- ing of the Society in the usual way, is not much practised, from the limited extent of the Society. Governors - - - - 12 Other Members - - - 47 Annual Subscribers - - - 13 Honorary Members - - - 48 Patron — The Most Hon. the Marquis of Nor- manby. President — Henry Belcher, Esq. Treasurer — James Wilkinson, Esq. Secretaries — Richard Ripley, Esq. ; Rev. G. Young, D.D. LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, HULL. " The Literary and Philosophical Society of Hull "was founded 6th November, 1822, for the promotion of Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts. It endeavours to accomplish this by the usual means, of reading original Essays and Papers, — H 3 150 LEARNED SOCIETIES. requesting the Correspondence of persons of Scientific or Literary eminence, — collecting books and Philo- sophical Apparatus, — and forming a general Mu- seum. The Society consists of Ordinary, Honorary, and Benefaetory Members, all of whom are admitted by ballot. The payments are One Pound Five Shillings per annum, or Fifteen Pounds in one sum : or the subscription may be partly compounded for by paying Five Pounds in one sum, and One Pound annually. The Society possesses an interesting collection which is arranged under the following heads, viz. (1) Geo- logy, Conchology, and Botany ; (2) Mineralogy ; (3) Entomology; (4) Comparative Anatomy; (5) Ichthyology, Erpetology, and Crustaceology ; (6) Zoology (in the non-specified branches); (7) Books, Antiquities, and Coins ; and (8) Chemical and Phi- losophical Apparatus. The Meetings of the Society are held at the Society's own Rooms, twelve times during the winter season, on alternate Tuesday evenings, at seven o'clock. The Session commences in November, and the Annual Meeting for electing officers, &c. takes place on the first Friday in May. Ordinary Members - - -275 Honorary - - - 26 Hon. Secretary — Thomas John Pearsall, Esq. III. ENGLISH PROVINCIAL. 151 PHILOSOPHICAL AND LITERARY SOCIETY, BRISTOL. " The Philosophical and Literary Society of Bristol" is only a portion of a more extensive agency known as the Bristol Institution, which was projected in 1809, commenced in 1820, and opened in 1823. From the first of these dates, a Philoso- phical Society on a small scale had existed ; and among its members the idea of the Institution ori- ginated. The first paper was read in the present Society, by Mr. (now the Very Rev. Dean) Conybeare, on the " Origin and Progress of Scientific and Literary Societies." He has been a frequent contributor since, both to their Proceedings and to their Museum ; as ^ave also Dr. J. C. Prichard, and several other gen- tlemen of distinction. A very excellent Museum has been collected, chiefly by donations ; and there is a small increasing Library. Courses of Lectures are delivered occasionally. Every Member of the Institution is also a member of the Society on signing the laws of the latter ; and these again elect their own Honorary Members, as well as ten resident members having similar privi- leges, and called Associates. The meetings are of two kinds, public and private; and of each there appears to be one monthly, from November to May inclusive. They are held in the Institution. H 4 152 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Ordinary Members - - -232 Honorary „ - - - 92 Associates - - - - 10 Director — Very Rev. W. D. Conybeare, M* A,* F. R. S., &c, Dean of LlandafF. Pro Directors — James Cowles Prichard, M. D., F.R.S. M.W.S.; and the Very Rev. John Lamb, D. D., Dean of Bristol. Secretaries — George Downing Fripp, M. D. ; and William Sanders, F. G. S. ASHMOLEAN SOCIETY, OXFORD. "The Ashmolean Society" was instituted in 1828; for the purpose of promoting in the University a taste for Natural History, Experimental Philoso- phy, and Antiquarian and other branches of research, as well by occasional Meetings among its Members, as by the purchase of Books, Instruments^ &c. con- nected with these departments of knowledge, for their use. The Members of the Society must be Graduates of some university, except in special cases, where undergraduates of their own may be admitted; and no one who is a Graduate of Oxford University can be elected an Honorary Member. In 1831, the British Association was invited to Oxford by this Society; and at its meeting in 1832 it was chiefly formed. The Society has again invited the Associa- tion for the present year. Candidates for admission are proposed at one III. ENGLISH PROVINCIAL. 153 meeting, and balloted for at the next. One black ball in ten excludes. The fees are One Guinea on Admission, and One Guinea annually during residence, ti e. within ten miles of Oxford. The place of meeting is usually the Ashmolean Museum ; and the occasions at least twice in each term. The Committee fix the days of meeting at the beginning of each term, and arrange the Papers for those meetings. Ordinary Members - - - 320 Honorary „ - - - 18 President — C. Daubeny, Esq., M. D., F. R. S. F. G. S., Magd. Coll., Professor of Chemistry, &c. Treasurer — Bey. E. Hill, M. A., F.G. S., Christ Church. Secretary — Rev. R.Walker, M. A., F. R. S., Wadh. Coll., Reader in Experimental Philo- sophy. SCARBOROUGH PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. "The Scarborough Philosophical Society" was founded in 1830, for the purpose of forming an interesting general Museum, and of turning it to useful account, in the illustration of Scientific in- vestigations and discussions. The person mainly instrumental in its establishment was the late John Dunn, Esq., and he was ably seconded by the late Dr. W. Smith, " the father of English Geology," as H 5 154 LEARNED SOCIETIES. well as by other individuals. The collection is very valuable for a provincial town ; and is particularly rich in Geological specimens. Their arrangement is strictly natural, and when adopted was one of the first of the kind in Great Britain. The fossils are placed on sloping shelves, in vertical succession, so as to represent their position in the different strati- fications from which they have been removed. It is to be regretted that the labours of this So- ciety are so strictly confined to mere collecting, with- out any adequate attempt being made to elicit new facts or to illustrate old ones. This, however, is mainly the fault of circumstances, e.g. a limited per- manent population, and lukewarmness on the part of the general subscribers. President — Sir J. V. B. Johnstone, Bart., M. P. Secretary — Dr. John Dunn. KOYAL CORNWALL POLYTECHNIC SOCIETY. " The Boyal Cornwall Polytechnic So- ciety "was instituted in 1833, and was the first Society in the kingdom which adopted this peculiar name, or had precisely the same object. This is, the encouragement of Science and the Fine and Industrial Arts : ( 1) by offering Prizes for Mechanical inventions and improvements, or for Original and other pro- ductions in the Fine Arts, and for Essays on subjects of interest, especially on those relating to the County ; and (2) by holding an Annual Exhibition of Models III. ENGLISH PROVINCIAL. 155 of Machinery, Specimens of the Fine and Industrial Arts, &c. &c. This Society has been very successful in introducing to public notice men of mechanical and artistic talent ; and as a sample of the stimulus which it has given to useful mechanical invention may be mentioned the " Man-machine " for raising and lowering miners in deep mines. It has also pro- cured much statistical information relative to the County. The Members pay to the Funds not less than Five Shillings annually, and the subscriptions range to Two Guineas. A small fee is paid by persons above the rank of ordinary workmen, who wish to compete for prizes. The meetings are held in the Polytechnic Hall, Falmouth. The Exhibition is held in the Autumn of each year, and the Annual Meeting of Members is in December. Ordinary Members - 380 Honorary ,, - - - 34 President — Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., M. P., F.R. S., &c. Treasurer — William Gay, Esq. Honorary Secretaries — R. Taylor, F. G. S. ; Lieut. J. S. Jago, R. N. Assistant Secretary — Mr. W. W. Rundell, Fal- mouth. h 6 156 LEARNED SOCIETIES. WORCESTERSHIRE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. " The Worcestershire Natural History Society" was instituted in 1833; to establish a Museum containing objects specially connected with the County, with others generally useful and inter- esting. The first stone of the present Museum was laid in 1835, and it was opened on the 26th of October, 1837. During the Easter week of the year 1838, the Museum was thrown open to the public by free tickets obtained from the Members, when no fewer than 13,035 persons inspected the curiosities, without the occurrence either of loss or accident. Persons become Members either at the Anniversary or at the Monthly Council Meetings ; and they pay Fifty Pounds if Shareholders, Ten Pounds if Honorary Life Members, and One Guinea annually if only Sub- scribers. The meetings are held in the Lecture Room of the Society, in the Spring and Autumn Months, at half- past seven in the evening. Ordinary Members - 200 Honorary corresponding ,, - 20 President — ■ Charles Hastings, M. D., F. G. S. Hon. Curators — li. J. INT. Streeton, M.D. ; John Walcot, Esq. Treasurer — Capt. Sherwood. Secretary — Mr. George Reece. III. ENGLISH PROVINCIAL. 157 THE SHROPSHIRE AND NORTH WALES NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. " The Shropshire and North Wales Natu- ral History and Antiquarian Society " was established on the 26th of June, 1835. Its objects are, (1) the formation of a Museum of Natural His- tory and Antiquities, especially with a view to this particular district ; (2) the collection of a Library of Scientific Books ; (3) the collection and preservation for future use, of Statistical, Meteorological, Geo- logical, Antiquarian, and other information, or facts illustrative of the district. The Society's business is managed by a Council of twelve, six of whom retire annually ; and the Pro- perty is vested in seven trustees, who are the Lords- lieutenants of the six counties in North Wales and of the county of Salop. The Annual Subscription is One Guinea. The usual place of meeting is at the Museum, Shrewsbury, on days fixed by the Council. The members have been considerably reduced of late years ; at present they are about eighty in number. President — R. A. Slaney, Esq. Vice-Presidents — Rev. E. Bickersteth ; Panton Corbett, Esq. ; John Edwards, Esq. ; T. C. Eyton, Esq. Treasurer — -Thomas Eyton, Esq. Secretary — Henry Johnson, M. D. 158 LEARNED SOCIETIES. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, MANCHESTER. " The Geological Society " of Manchester was founded in 1838, for the cultivation of Geology, and more especially the Geology of the surrounding district. The members possess a good Museum and a small Library. The whole of the collection of Mr. Cumberland of Bristol was presented to the Society by James Heywood, Esq., F. R. S., F. S. A., of Acres- field near Manchester. Candidates for Membership must be recommended by two members, from personal knowledge ; on their election there is no Admission fee, and the Annual subscription is One Pound. The Society's Rooms, where their collections are deposited and their meet- ings held 3 are at the Royal Institution, Mosley Street. The meetings occur on the last Thursday in the month, from October to June, at seven o'clock in the evening. Ordinary Members - - 180 President — Sir Oswald Mosley, Bart., F. R. S., F.G. S. Vice-Presidents — James Hey wood, Esq., F.R. S. &c. ; James Black, M. D., F.G. S. ; Ralph Thicknesse, Esq. ; George W. Ormerod, Esq., A.M., F.G. S.. Treasurer — Henry Bowman, Esq. Secretaries — Captain Thomas Brown, M. W. S. ; John R. Lingard, Esq. III. ENGLISH PROVINCIAL. 159 LIVERPOOL POLYTECHNIC SOCIETY. " The Liverpool Polytechnic Society " was founded on the 23rd of October, 1838. Its objects are to promote the useful and practical arts, to in- crease both the theoretical and practical knowledge of the subjects within its range, and to secure to Inventors those advantages, which in every depart- ment of Science have been found to result from mutual encouragement. The Society publishes Trans- actions occasionally. Members are elected by ballot, four fifths of the votes being required ; and the payments are eleven shillings annually. The meetings are held in the Royal Institution during nine months of the year; the vacation is in summer, and the annual meeting in January. Ordinary Members - - - 148 Honorary ,, - - 3 Corresponding ,, - - -25 President — Henry Dawson, Esq. Vice-Presidents — Rev. A. Hume, LL. D., F. S. A., and Robert Mather, Esq. Treasurer — C. J. Smith, Esq. Secretary — C. F. Salt, E^q. 160 LEARNED SOCIETIES. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF THE WEST RIDING. " The Geological and Polytechnic Society of the West Riding of Yorkshire" was founded in 1838, for the promotion of objects similar to those of the British Association, of which this Society is a declared imitation. It is of course itinerating and not stationary, but is limited to the larger towns within the district, each place being visited in rota- tion. The Society has also been specially invited to Hull, to meet the Yorkshire Agricultural Society ; and to York, to meet the Archaeological Society, during its visit to that city. The Society publishes Transactions, in which some papers of great merit may be found. The small charge of Half a Crown is made for the publication, in addition to the annual subscription. Almost all the men of talent in the riding have been called into the ranks of the Society ; and a friendly feeling has been cultivated among them. Dr. Liebig, Dr. Buck- land., Dr. Lyon Playfair, and Professor Sedgwick have occasionally attended the meetings and taken part in the business. Dr. Scoresby, Professor Phil- lips, Professor Johnston and others, have proved themselves useful members. The meetings are held usually on the first Wed- nesday in each quarter; but some departure from this arrangement occurs occasionally, to suit the convenience of the President. The place of meeting is announced at the previous one. The subscription is Ten Shillings per annum. III. ENGLISH PROVINCIAL. 161 Members - - - - 380 President — The Right Hon. the Earl Fitzwilliam. Secretary — The Rev. William Thorp, Womersby Vicarage, Pontefract. ARCHITECTURAL SOCIETY, OXFORD. " The Oxford Society for promoting the Study of Gothic Architecture/' was founded in 1839, and aims at the collection of Books, Prints, and Drawings; Models of the forms of arches, vaults, &c. ; and such other Architectural specimens as the funds of the Society will permit. It directs attention also, to the Sepulchral Monuments of the Middle Ages ; and seeks for Historical notices of Founders and Architects, Dates of erection, &c. Candidates for Membership are proposed at one meeting and balloted for at the next, when one black ball in five excludes. The annual subscription is One Guinea, due on the first of January, or a Com- position of Five Guineas in one sum ; and non-resi- dent members are exempt from all further payments, when they have paid Seven Guineas in annual sub- scriptions. The Meetings of the Society are held at Holywell, Oxford, — where it possesses a library, collection of models, seals, rubbings of brasses, and other objects, — on particular days, two at least in each term, as fixed by the Committee. Papers are published from 162 LEARNED SOCIETIES. time to time, as the Committee see fit, and arrange- ments are made by which they may be obtained by the public, as well as by the members. Ordinary life Members - - 303 ,, subscribing - - 294 Honorary Members - - 18 President — The Rev. the Master of University College. Treasurer— S. W. Wayte, M. A., Trinity College. Secretaries — E. A. Freeman, B. A., Trinity Col- lege ; E. C. Lowe, B. A., Lincoln College. NATURAL HISTOEY AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY, PENZANCE. " The Natural History and Antiquarian Society of Penzance " was established in 1839, for the purpose of investigating the Natural History and Antiquities of West Cornwall, and also for recording other remarkable phenomena. A Report is published annually, and the Society possesses an interesting museum. Candidates are balloted for after a month's notice, and when elected, pay Ten Shillings annually. The place of meeting is at the Society's Museum in the Town Hall, on the first Tuesday in every month, at noon. The Anniversary occurs in the second week of October. III. ENGLISH PROVINCIAL. 163 Ordinary Members - - - 90 Honorary ,, - 6 Associate „ - 2 President — John Paynter, Esq. Vice-Presidents — Col.Robyns, R. M.; J.J. Boase; E. Boletho ; and J. S. Campbell, Esqs. Treasurer — R. Long, Esq. Secretaries and Curators — Messrs. J. N. R. Mil- let ; Edward H. Rodd ; and R. Q. Couch. CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. " The Cambridge Antiquarian Society n was founded in May, 1840, for the encouragement of the study of History, Architecture, and Antiquities. It has already published twelve tracts, which form one complete 4to. volume. The Museum of An- tiquities belonging to the Society has already at- tained considerable value, and is deposited, by the permission of the University, in the same room as the Mesman collection of pictures. Candidates are proposed at one meeting, and bal- loted for at the next ; and they pay when they be- come members, One Guinea annually to the Society, or a Composition of Ten Guineas. The meetings are held, by permission, in the Rooms of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, at least once during each Term, but the exact degree of fre- quency and other details are at the discretion of the Council. 164 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Members - - - - 106 President — TheRev. Robert Willis, M. A., F.R. S., Jacksonian Professor, Treasurer — Charles C. Babington, M. A., F. L. S., F. Gr. S., St. John's College. Secretary — The Rev. Charles John Ellicott, M. A., St. John's College. CAMBRIAN AKCHiEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. " The Cambrian Archaeological Association" was founded in 1846 ; in order to examine, preserve, and illustrate, all Ancient Monuments and Remains of the History, Manners, Customs, and Arts of Wales and its Marches. Its regulations are at present only provisionally adopted, as they have not received the sanction of the First Annual Meeting. No pecuniary subscription is required of any Member, but donations are lodged in the hands of the Treasurer. There are sixteen Local Secretaries, one for each of the Counties in the Principality, and one for each of the Counties of the Marches. The Annual Meeting is to take place in one of the prin- cipal towns of the Principality and its Marches. Accounts of the Proceedings will appear regularly in the Archceologia Cambrensis. The Bishops of LlandafF, St. Asaph, Bangor, and St. David's are Patrons of the Society, and it is receiving, almost daily, new proofs of valuable support. Members 211 III. ENGLISH PROVINCIAL. 165 President — Sir Stephen Richard Glynne, Bart., M.P., F. S. A., Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire. Secretaries — Rev. H. Longueville Jones, M. A., Llandeg-fan and Manchester; Rev. John Williams, M. A., Nerquis, Mold. Publisher of the " Archaeologia " — Pickering, London. SUSSEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. " The Sussex Archaeological Society" was founded June 18th, 1846; to investigate whatever relates to the Civil or Ecclesiastical History, Topo- graphy, Ancient Buildings, or Works of Art, within the County. It seeks for gifts or loans of Ancient Documents relating to estates, manors, wills or pedigrees; and collects in general MSS., books, maps, prints, coins, drawings, seals or copies of them, rubbings of brasses, plans of buildings, &c. Candidates are proposed at the Meetings of the Society or of the Committee ; and one black ball in five excludes. The annual subscription is Ten Shillings, or a composition of Five Pounds. There are also Associates, who pay no subscription, and have not the right of voting. There are five Local Secretaries in different parts of the County, to facilitate the collection of accurate information, respecting objects of local interest. Ordinary Members Associates - 171 - 3 166 LEAKNEB SOCIETIES. President — His Grace the Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal, Arundel Castle. Treasurer — Thomas Dicker, Esq., Southover, Lewes. Secretaries — W. H. Blauw, Esq., Beechland, Uckfield ; Rev. William Downes Willis, Elsted Rectory, Petersfield. II. LEARNED SOCIETIES IN SCOTLAND. I. METROPOLITAN. (1) Chartered. (2) Unchartered. II. PROVINCIAL. Unchartered. I. SCOTCH METROPOLITAN. 169 MEDICAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH. " The Medical Society" of Edinburgh, other- wise known as the " Royal Medical Society," was instituted in 1734, but its first authentic documents are dated 1737 ; and it was incorporated by Royal Charter, December 14th, 1778. Its objects are, the advancement of Medical Science, and the discussion of questions either purely medical or akin to Medicine. This being the oldest society in Scotland, has num- bered many Physicians and Surgeons of great dis- tinction among its members ; and the establishment of the London Medical Society was mainly owing to Dr. Russel, who had previously been one of the six founders of this Society. Among the names of former Presidents, occurs that of Robert Emmett, the Irish patriot. On the 17th of February, 1837, there was a Centenary Dinner in Edinburgh, attended by the members and friends of the Society, when more than a hundred attended. The Centenary Oration, deli- vered by Mr. Carpenter, the senior President (now Dr. W. B. Carpenter, F.R, S.) afforded great satis- faction, and has since been published. A candidate for membership must be recommended by six members ; and at the ballot, a week after, his election is secured by two thirds of the votes. The fees are Eight Pounds in all, or Ten Pounds if paid in five annual instalments. The meetings are held in the Society's Hall, 11. Surgeons' Square, Edin- I 170 LEARNED SOCIETIES. burgh ; every Friday evening during the winter, at seven o'clock. The session commences on the first Friday in November, Presidents — Drs. Young and Gillespie, Messrs. Haldane and Morris. Treasurer — J ames F. Macfarlan, Esq. Hon. Secretaries — James Nasmyth, Jun. Esq.; James Lumsdaine, Esq. ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH. " The Eoyal Society of Edinburgh" was established in 1739, as the Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, and the date of its Charter of incorporation is 29th March, 1783. In 1811 it received a second Charter. Its object is generally, the encouragement of Science and Literature. From its position as the metropolis of an ancient kingdom, and the seat of a University, Edinburgh has been, especially for the last century and a half, a locality for the centralising of intellectual capabili- ties and intellectual exertions. The Select Society, which embraced Lord Kaimes, Hume, Robertson, Blair, &c. was one form in which these intellectual tendencies showed themselves, — the Royal Society is another. The advantages in the latter case are, greater celebrity and more extended usefulness, a perpetuation of valuable trains of thought, and an intercourse through Proceedings and Transactions, I. SCOTCH METROPOLITAN. 171 with all parts of the empire. The subjects treated of and the character of the members were formerly of two kinds, Physical and Literary ; but from the scarcity of Literary communications, the division has been abandoned. The Royal Society has already completed sixteen volumes of Transactions, the last embracing the papers read during the years 1845 — 46. The application from a Candidate is signed by one ordinary Fellow, and is printed in the circulars for three ordinary meetings, together with the name of the Fellow recommending. At the election by ballot, at least twenty-four must vote, of which number at least two thirds must be in favour of the candidate, to secure his election. The Fees are for Fellows resident in Scotland, Five Guineas on Admission, and Three Guineas annually. Fellows residing elsewhere are not permitted to subscribe, but must pay on admission Fifty Guineas in one sum, — that is, the usual admission fee, and composition at the rate of fifteen years' purchase. The number of Honorary Fellows is limited to fifty-six, of whom twenty may be British subjects. The Apartments of the Royal Society are at the Royal Institution, Prince's Street ; here the meet- ings are held, and there is an interesting museum, library, &c. The ordinary meetings are held on the first and third Mondays of every month, from No- vember to June inclusive. The Anniversary meet- ing for the election of officers, &c, is on the fourth Monday in November. Each Fellow is known by the initial letters F. R. S. E. i 2 172 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Ordinary Fellows, subscribing •- - - 136 for life - - - 143 Honorary ,,. British » Foreign 279 - 20 - 36 President — Sir Thomas Makctougall Brisbane, Bart., G. C. B., G. C. H. Vice- Presidents — Sir D. Brewster, K. H. ; Earl Catheart ; Very Rev. Principal Lee ; Sir George Mackenzie, Bart. ; Rt. Rev. Bishop Terrot ; Dr. Christison. Treasurer — John Russell, Esq. Secretaries to Ordinary Meetings — David Milne, Esq. ; Dr. Gregory. General Secretary — Professor Forbes. EOYAL PHYSICAL SOCIETY, EDINBURGH. " The Royal Physical Society " was insti- tuted in 1771, and incorporated in 1788. Its con- stitution describes it as "exclusively devoted to Natural History and the Physical Sciences." Almost from the date of its institution this Society has oc- cupied a prominent position ; and it is described in its charter as possessing property of a House and Grounds in Hunter's Park, and a Library valued at £1000. At various periods, other Societies of less importance have been united with it, so that its members are very numerous. Thus, in 1782, the I. SCOTCH METROPOLITAN. 173 Chirurgo-Medical Society was joined with it ; in 1796, the American Physical; in 1799, the Hibernian Medical ; in 1803, the Chemical ; in 1812, the Natural History; and in 1813, the Didactic Society. Among the members who joined with the Natural History Society in 1812, were Henry Brougham and J ames Mackintosh ; and there are few men of great celebrity connected with the Northern Metropolis, who have not been at one time members of this Society. It indulges in dis- cussions to a much greater extent than is usual in Learned Societies in general. The certificate of a Candidate for admission must be signed by six members ; and at the ballot, two thirds of the votes are necessary to secure his election. The fees are One Pound Five Shillings on Admission, and One Guinea for each of two successive sessions, after which payments cease. The meetings are held in the University, during the winter session, on Tuesday evening, at eight o'clock. In 1788, the number of members was 440 ; in 1830, it was 1300 ; it is now about 1600. Presidents — R. Halliday Gunning, M. D. ; Alex- ander Kemp, Esq. ; and P. W. Young, M. D. Treasurer — Professor Dick. Hon. Secretary — Nicolson C. Mackenzie, Esq. i 3 174 LEARNED SOCIETIES. ROYAL SCOTTISH SOCIETY OF ARTS. " The Royal Scottish Society of Arts " was founded in 1821, and incorporated by Royal Charter in 1841. Its original name was " The Society for the Encouragement of the useful Arts in Scotland ; " or, expressed with more brevity, " The Society of Arts in Scotland." It aims not only at promoting the Useful Arts, but also such branches of Science as bear upon the Useful Arts. The gentlemen to whom the existence of the So- ciety is mainly attributable, were Sir David Brewster, K. H., Sir George Mackintosh, Bart., and Sir J ohn Robison, for some time the Secretary. The late Alexander Keith, Esq. of Dunottar bequeathed to the Society the sum of £400, to found the "Keith Prize " for rewarding important Inventions, Improve- ments, or Discoveries in the Useful Arts. A similar prize for the encouragement of skill in manufacturing watches, was founded by the bequest of the late William Auld, Esq. A Candidate for membership must be recommended by at least one Fellow ; and when balloted for, at the next meeting, the consent of two thirds is necessary. The payments are One Guinea at Entrance, and One Guinea annually. The meetings are held temporarily in a Hall at 91. Prince's Street, the rooms in the Boyal Institution having been found inconvenient for the increasing number of members. The meet- ings occur on the second and fourth Mondays in each month, from November to April inclusive, at eight I. SCOTCH METROPOLITAN* 175 o'clock in the evening. The Annual General Meet- ing is the first of the meetings in November. The Ordinary Members are styled Fellows, and each is known by the initial letters F. R. S. S. A., which, however, are rarely used. Ordinary Members Honorary „ Associates - 394 - 104 - 44 President — David Maclagan, M. D., F. R. S. E. Vice-Presidents — George Tait, Esq., Advocate ; George Wilson, M. D., F. E. S. E. Treasurer — John Scott Moncrieff, Esq., 4. Albyn Place. Secretary — James Tod, Esq., W. S., 21. Dublin Street. WERNERIAK SOCIETY, EDINBURGH. " The Werneri an Natural History Society" was instituted 12th January, 1808; to promote the study of Natural History generally, and especially to investigate the Natural History of Scotland ; by holding periodical meetings for the reading of com- munications, &c, by offering premiums, publishing Transactions, and forming a Library. On the 10th of February, 1808, the Society obtained from the Town Council of Edinburgh, an incorporating char- ter or " Seal of Cause ; " and at the commencement of the third session, it resolved to publish Memoirs in the 8vo. form. Of these eight volumes have been already issued. i 4 176 LEARNED SOCIETIES. A Candidate must be recommended by two mem- bers of the Society; the proposal is announced in the next printed billet ; and the election takes place by ballot. Ordinary Resident Members pay One Guinea yearly, or Ten Guineas as Composition; and Non- resident Members pay Seven Guineas in full. The Society meets in a room connected with the University Museum. The meetings are held during the Winter and Spring months, on alternate Satur- days, at two o'clock. Each Member is known by the initial letters M. W. S. Ordinary Members, Resident - 70 „ „ Non-resident 22 Honorary „ « - - 10 Foreign ' " » - - - 17 Corresponding - 8 President — Robert Jameson, F.R. SS. L. & E., Prof, of Nat. Hist, in the University of Edin- burgh. Vice-Presidents — Dr. R. K. Greville, F.R. S.E. ; Rev. Dr. Brunton, F. R. S. E. ; Professor Good- sir, F.R. S.E.; Dr. Charles Anderson, M.R.C.S.; William Copland, Esq., F.R.S.E.; Dr. John Coldstream, M. R. C. P. Joint Secretaries —Tat. Neill, LL. D., F. R. S. E. ; T. Jameson Torrie, F.R. S.E. Treasurer — A. G. Ellis, Esq. Joint Librarians — James Wilson, F. R. S. E. ; Dr. R. Hamilton, F. R. S. E. Artist — W. H. Townsend, Esq. I. SCOTCH METROPOLITAN. 177 HARVEIAN SOCIETY, EDINBURGH. " The Harveian Society of Edinburgh" was established 12th April, 1752; (1) to comme- morate the discovery of the Circulation of the Blood, (2) to cherish a kindly feeling among the members of the Medical Profession, and (3) to foster a spirit of Experimental Inquiry among the Students at this School of Medicine. The members of the Society endeavour to accomplish the first and second of these objects, by dining together annually on the 12th of April, the birth day of the illustrious Harvey ; and the third, by bestowing an annual prize on the author of the best Essay on a subject announced by the Society. The members, if resident in Edin- burgh, must be Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians, or of the Royal College of Surgeons, or Medical Officers, actual or retired, in some depart- ment of the Public Service. Country residents are admissible, if Graduates in Medicine or Licentiates in Surgery. Members are admitted by ballot, and require three fourths of the votes. The payments are only Five Shillings annually, to defray necessary expenses. The places of meeting are the Hall of the Royal College of Surgeons, and the British Hotel, Queen Street. There is but one business meeting in the year, on the Second Saturday in March, when Members are elected, &c. i 6 178 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Ordinary Members Honorary „ - 65 - 2 President — John Scott, M. D. Secretaries — Richard Huie, M.D. ; P. D. Handy- side, M. D. JURIDICAL SOCIETY, EDINBURGH. " The Juridical Society of Edinburgh" was instituted in 1773, for the encouragement of the Study of the Law ; and it has been so far successful that many of those who have occupied the Bench, and the higher offices of the Bar in Scotland, may be found on its Roll of Members. The questions for discussion are complicated points of law, which may be either quite fictitious, or actually suggested in the course of business. All applications for Membership are by petition. Petitions are received only from Advocates or Gen- tlemen studying for the Bar, from Writers to the Signet, or from those who are or have been appren- tices to Writers to the Signet. Each petition is accompanied by an attestation of qualification, from two Members of the Society. The admission is by ballot; and the payments are Three Guineas on Admission, including a Contribution to the Library, and Five Shillings as Officer's Fee ; together with a subscription of One Guinea Annually. The Meetings are held in the Hall of the Society, on the evening of every Wednesday from the first Wednesday of November to the end of March, (ex- I. SCOTCH METROPOLITAN. 179 cepting the first Wednesday of the Christmas recess of the Court of Session,) at eight o'clock. The Ordinary Members may become Extraordinary Members, when they are of three years' standing, and have performed all the duties required of them by the Society's Laws, Presidents — J ohn Kennedy, Jr., Esq., W. S. ; Archibald Grahame, Esq., Advocate; George Burnett, Esq., Advocate. Treasurer and Secretary — James Mackonochie, Esq., Advocate, Librarian — Gordon Forlong, Esq., Advocate. SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, SCOTLAND. " The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland " was instituted in 1780, for the exclusive purpose of promoting Archaeology, more especially as connected with the Antiquities and Historical Literature of Scotland. Its members are known by the formula " F. S. A. Scot.," and its Honorary and Correspond- ing members respectively by the variety (t Hon. Memb. S. A. Scot.," or « Corr. Memb. S. A. Scot," A person wishing to become a Fellow, after having been nominated, recommended, balloted for and elected in the usual way, pays Two Guineas on Ad- mission, and either One Guinea Annually, or Fifteen Guineas for life Composition. The number of Ho- norary Members is limited to twenty-five; that of Ordinary and Corresponding Members is unlimited. I G 180 LEARNED SOCIETIES. The Society's Rooms are at the Hall, No. 24. George Street, where there is an interesting museum, especially of North British Antiquities, and a va- luable collection of books. The meetings are held on the second and fourth Mondays of every month, at three o'clock p. m., beginning on the Second Mon- day in December, and ending on the last Monday in June. The Anniversary Meeting for the election of Office-bearers, &c. is on the 30th of November. Ordinary Fellows - - - 175 Corresponding Members - Honorary „ - -22 President — Most Hon. the Marquess of Breadal- bane, K. T. Vice-Presidents — Professor J. S. More ; Lieut. Col. Cadell ; W. Waring Hay, Esq. Treasurer — David Laing, Esq. Museum Curators — Alexander Macdonald, and Robert Frazer, Esqrs. Foreign Secretary — Rev. Alexander Brunton, D.D. Secretary — W. B. D. D. Turnbull, Esq. HUNTERIAN MEDICAL SOCIETY. " The Huntebian Medical Society of Edin- burgh " was founded in 1824, for the cultivation of Medicine and the auxiliary Sciences. The certificate of a Candidate for Membership, I. SCOTCH METROPOLITAN. 181 requires the signatures of six actual members ; and at the ballot, eight black balls exclude. The fees are One Guinea on Admission, and One Guinea annually. The place of Meeting is the Society's Hall of the University ; and the time is Wednesday evening at seven. Ordinary Members - - - 721 Honorary ,, - 40 Secretary — James A. Wilson, Esq. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH. " The Geological Society of Edinburgh " was founded in 1834, for the purpose of promoting and extending a knowledge of the Science of Geology, including Mineralogy and other collateral branches of study. A Candidate for Membership is recommended by one member, and at the ballot, a simple majority secures his election. The payments are Half a Crown on Admission, and such sums afterwards, — generally under Half a Guinea annually, — as the current expenses of the Society may require. The persons connected with this Society are styled " Members," and are known respectively by the initial letters M. G. S. E. A Library and Museum have been added to the Society, to which all the Members have free access. 182 LEARNED SOCIETIES. The meetings are held in the Class Room, No. 2. Drummond Street, every alternate Thursday even- ing, at half-past eight o'clock. Ordinary Members - - - 40 Honorary „ - 8 48 President — Alexander Rose, F. R. S. A. Scot. Vice-President — George Lyon, Esq. Treasurer — Robert Dun, Esq. Secretary — J ames Brown, Esq. Librarian — Mr. John Rose. BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH. " The Botanical Society of Edinburgh " was instituted on the 17th of March, 1836, for the promotion of Botanical Science, also of such parts of the other branches of Natural History as are more immediately connected with it. Besides the ordinary means of accomplishing its objects, — such as the reading and publishing of original papers, &c, — Botanical excursions are made to various parts of the Kingdom, and Local Secretaries are appointed for promoting the Society's views in their respective districts. The peculiar feature, however, in the constitution of the Society, is the provision made for the interchange of Specimens, — by founding a cen- tral Herbarium in connexion with the University, I. SCOTCH METROPOLITAN. 183 which is perpetually augmented by contributions from the Local Secretaries, and from Ordinary and Foreign Members. Of the Specimens thus collected, an annual distribution and interchange takes place, precedence being given, in the case of rare plants, to National Institutions, Chartered Societies, and Universities. Thus each individual member may enrich his private collection, by communicating to the Society the more peculiar species in his own locality. The central Herbarium contains already about 40,000 species of plants, and probably not fewer than 100,000 specimens in all. The Society is also possessed of a small but valuable library. A candidate for Membership must be recommended by two ordinary Members, and three fourths of the members voting are sufficient to elect. The fees are, for resident members, Half a Guinea on Admission, and Half a Guinea annually ; for those who are non- resident, there is but one payment of Three Guineas. The place of meeting is at the Society's Rooms, No. 6. York Place in Winter, and at the Royal Bo- tanic Garden in Summer. The Meetings are held monthly, from November to July inclusive, on the second Thursday of each month. The Anniversary meeting takes place on the Second Thursday in March. The Members of this Society are by the Laws and Constitution styled " Fellows of the Botanical So- ciety" [of Edinburgh,] and are known respectively by the initial letters F. B. S. E. 184 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Ordinary Fellows, resident - 142* ,, „ non-resident - 183 Extraordinary Members (ladies) - 13 Foreign „ - 84 Associates - - - - - 16 Honorary Members, British - 4 „ „ Foreign - - 23 President— Robert K. Greville, LL. D., F.E. S.E., F.L. S., M.R.I. A., M.W.S. Vice-Presidents — Archibald Inglis, M. D. ; Sir William Jardine, Bart, F. R. S.E. ; J. H. Bal- four, M.D., F.R.S.E., Professor of Botany; Rev. Dr. Fleming. F.R.S.E. Treasurer — William Brand, W. S. Foreign Secretary — A. D. Maclagan, M. D. Secretary — John Goodsir, M. W. S., Professor of Anatomy. * Of these nearly one half have now become non-resident. 185 II. LEARNED SOCIETIES IN SCOTLAND (Continued), 2. PROVINCIAL. LITERARY AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY, PERTH. " The Literary and Antiquarian Society of Perth" was instituted in 1784, for the purpose of publishing ancient MSS. and papers read before the Society ; and for collecting Coins, MS. books, and other articles rare or antique, and providing a Museum for their exhibition. In the year 1827 a volume of Transactions was published by the Society. Candidates for membership are proposed and elected by a simple majority at the Annual General meeting, which is held in December. The other meetings are not held at stated periods, but the Managing Committee may instruct the Secretary to call a general meeting at any time. The life Com- position is Seven Guineas, — or One Guinea on Ad- mission, and Half a Guinea annually. The meetings are held at the Society's Rooms. Ordinary Members, for life - - - 108 „ „ yearly subscribing - 12 Honorary „ 20 140 186 LEARNED SOCIETIES. President — The Marquis of Breadalbane. Vice-Presidents — The Earl of Mansfield ; Lord Gray ; Sir P. M. Threipland, Bart. ; Sir John Richardson, Bart. ; Rev. Dr. Esdaile ; The Lord Provost of Perth, ex officio. Treasurer — William. Ross, Esq. Secretary — William Brown, Esq. PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, GLASGOW. " The Philosophical Society of Glasgow " was founded in 1802, for the discussion of subjects connected with the Sciences and Arts. Since 1841 it has published its Proceedings ; the first volume 8vo., pp. 276, contains several original papers, some of which were afterwards transferred to Scientific Jour- nals; and the second volume is in progress. The Society receives both British and Foreign Scientific Journals, and possesses a library of more than 1000 volumes. Its regulations prevent it from holding property of any other kind. Conversational meet- ings are sometimes held by the members on the Wednesday evenings alternating with the meetings, and from the objects of interest occasionally exhibited there, have arisen several Exhibitions on a more ex- tended scale, at the expense of the Society. During the last Christmas and New Year holidays, one of these Exhibitions was visited by nearly a hundred thousand persons, of whom more than the half were admitted without any charge. Candidates for admission must be recommended II. SCOTCH PROVINCIAL. 187 by at least three members, and the election is by ballot. The payments are One Guinea on Admis- sion, and an annual subscription of Fifteen Shillings. The Meetings are held in one of the rooms, of Anderson's Institution, on the evening of every al- ternate Wednesday, from the beginning of November till the end of April. The Society is divided into five sections, viz., (A) Agriculture, Statistics, and Domestic Economy ; (B) Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology; (C) Physics, including Mechanics and Engineering ; (D) Physiology and Natural History ; (E) Botany. These sections occasionally meet apart, for the reading of papers of an exclusively technical kind. The Botanical Section possesses an Herbarium, which is the property of its own members. Ordinary Members - - 200 President — Thomas Thomson, M. D., F. B. SS. L. and E., Professor of Chemistry in the Uni- versity of Glasgow. Vice-President — Walter Crum, F. R . S. Treasurer — Andrew Liddell, Esq. Secretary — Alexander Hastie, Esq. BERWICKSHIRE NATURALISTS' CLUB. " The Berwickshire Naturalists' Club " was founded September 22d, 1831. Its general object is to encourage a taste for Natural History in the district, and its special one to investigate the 188 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Natural History and Antiquities of the Eastern Borders. This Society possesses some features of a peculiar kind, which make it very interesting, especially to its own members. It meets by day, not in the evening ; usually at eight or nine o'clock A. M. It examines the specimens of Natural History, &c. in situ, and the explanations, whether oral or written, are more interesting. It admits ladies, and none else, as Honorary Members. It is itinerating, within a certain district, and a number of pleasing circumstances, not directly connected with the ge- neral objects, are associated with every meeting. Some of the members, who are familiar with the working of Learned Societies, give it a decided preference to any other of them. A Candidate for Membership requires the assent of three fourths of those present at the meeting at which he is proposed. There are no specific fees, the contingent expenses being met by an annual contribution, which averages about seven shillings. One meeting is held yearly in Berwick-upon-Tweed, and the others are at different places appointed. The days are, first Wednesday in May, third Wednesday in June, last Wednesday in July, third Wednesday in September, and the Wednesday nearest to full moon in October. At the October meeting the accounts are balanced ; and the places of meeting for the succeeding year are appointed. There were nine original members, of whom only five remain ; and there were four candidates for admission as Honorary Members, at the first meeting of 1847. The club has already issued one volume of II. SCOTCH PROVINCIAL. 189 Transactions, entitled " History of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club/' and four parts of a second volume. President — Henry G. Clarke., M. D. Secretary — George Johnston, LL. D., M. D., F. R. C. S. E. TWEED SIDE SOCIETY, KELSO. " The Tweedside Physical and Antiquarian Society" was instituted in 1834, for the promotion of the study of the Natural History and Antiquities of the district traversed by the Tw^eed and its tribut- ary streams. It consists of Ordinary and Honorary Members. It possesses a handsome Hall, erected for its Museum at an expense of about £1200, a col- lection of curious and valuable objects worth nearly £2000, some scientific books, and a series of original Meteorological observations. Candidates are proposed at one meeting and bal- loted for at the next, when a simple majority is suffi- cient to secure their election. The payments are an annual subscription of Half a Guinea. The meetings are held at the Hall of the Society, at one o'clock on the third Monday in February, May, August, and November. The election of office-bearers takes place in November. Ordinary Members Honorary „ - 50 - 4 190 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Ordinary Members - - 93 Honorary „ - - 16 President — Sir T. M. Brisbane, Bart., Makerstoun. Treasurer — John Balderston, Kelso. Secretary — James Douglas, Kelso. GLASGOW AND CLYDESDALE STATISTICAL SOCIETY. " The Glasgow and Clydesdale Statistical Society" was founded in April, 1836, for the pur- pose of procuring, arranging, and publishing Facts in that department of Science which may be defined " the knowledge of the present state of a country, with a view to its future improvement." In prose- cuting its objects, the Society excluded from its Transactions all mere opinions. The Members of this Society are styled "Fellows," and there are besides, Honorary and Corresponding Associates. The Admission Fee is One Guinea, and the Annual Subscription Half a Guinea, which may be compounded for at the rate of Ten Years' purchase. Candidates for admission must be recom- mended by three Fellows respectively ; and at the ballot, are elected by a majority of four fifths in their favour. The year commences on the first of J anuary. Of late years, the Society has not been in a very efficient state ; it has languished more or less since the death of the original President, James Cleland, LL.D. II. SCOTCH PROVINCIAL. 191 Ordinary Fellows - 225 Honorary and Corresponding Fellows 79 Secretary — William Davidson, LL. B. ORKNEY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. " The Orkney Natural History Society " was instituted 28th December, 1837; for the pro- moting of Natural Science, by the support of a Museum, and by any other means in its power. Though the Society has been in existence but a few years, and though its local situation prohibits fre- quent intercourse with men of science, or the increase of its collection by numerous donations, yet a very interesting museum has been acquired, which is slowly but steadily progressing. Each member pays Two Shillings annually. Ordinary Members - - 120 Honorary ,, - 24 Corresponding „ - 7 Patron — Dr. Traill, Edinburgh. President — Rev. Charles Clouston, Sandwich. Secretary — Rev. William Stobbs, Stromness. 192 LEARNED SOCIETIES. BOEDER MEDICAL SOCIETY. u The Provincial Medical Society, of the Border Counties of England and Scotland" was instituted 27th June, 1838; (l)to increase the Medical Topography of the District; (2) to collect useful information whether speculative or practical ; (3) to investigate Epidemic and Endemic diseases; and (4) to maintain the respectability of the Pro- fession, and promote a friendly feeling among its members. The Members are Ordinary, Correspond- ing, and Honorary. The payments are Five Shillings annually by Ordinary Members only. The Meetings take place once a year, in June, in the various towns of the district, by rotation. At these meetings papers are read, which, if approved by the members, are after- wards published. Three Fasciculi of Transactions have been already issued, and a fourth is nearly ready. Ordinary Members - 24 Secretary — Charles Wilson, M. D., Kelso. II. SCOTCH PROVINCIAL. 193 ABERDEEN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. " The Aberdeen Philosophical Society 55 was instituted in January, 1840, by a number of the Professors and Lecturers in Marischal and King's Colleges, associated with a few other Gentlemen. The subjects embraced in so general a title are very varied ; as Natural History, Physiology, Mental Science, Social Institutions and Laws, and General Literature. The Meetings are held monthly, during the Winter Session at College, and occasionally in the Summer also, but the Society has not yet published any of its papers. Resident Members - - 31 Non-resident „ - - 13 Honorary „ - 7 President — Professor Blackie, Marischal College. Vice-Presidents — Dr. Dickie, and Dr. Templeton, Lecturers in King's College. Treasurer — Thomas Best, Esq., Banker. Secretary — J. D. Milne, Jun. Esq., Advocate, Aberdeen. K 194 LEARNED SOCIETIES. ORKNEY ANTIQUARIAN AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. " The Orkney Antiquarian and Natural History Society" was instituted in 1844, for the purpose of throwing light on the Natural and Historical productions of the Orkney and Zetland islands. Comparatively little has been accomplished yet, though the district is rich in objects of Antiquity, illustrative of various Northern nations, but the Society promises well. Secretary — Alexander Duguid, M. D., Kirkwall. III. LEARNED SOCIETIES IN IRELAND. 1. METROPOLITAN. (1) Chartered. (2) Unchartered. 2. PROVINCIAL. Unchartered. k 2 X. IRISH METROPOLITAN. 197 THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY. f < The Eoyal Irish Academy " was instituted 2d May, 1785, and the date of its Charter of incor- poration is January 28th, 1786. Its object is the promotion of « the Study of Science, Polite Litera- ture arid Antiquities ; " and its Council of twenty- one members is equally divided into three Commit- tees, which have for their objects these departments respectively. As this Society has always numbered amongst its members the most distinguished gentle- men resident in Ireland, and members of the Uni- versity of Dublin, it has always occupied a highly respectable position among the learned. Great pains are taken by the Academy to preserve objects of Antiquity found in Ireland, and an interesting Collection exists at present which is constantly increasing. A Candidate for Membership must be recom- mended by four members " from personal know- ledge ; " and after his name has lain a month on the books, a majority of three fourths of the votes in his favour, of all those balloting, secures his election. The Admission fee is Five Guineas, and the annual subscription Two Guineas; or Twenty Guineas the life Composition for members residing in Ireland. Those residing out of Ireland pay Fifteen Guineas only, or Twenty Guineas in all. The Academy has issued twenty 4to. vols, and a half of Transactions at £\ \2s. each, and three 8vo. vols, of Proceedings at 10s. each. They may be had k 3 198 LEARNED SOCIETIES* either at the Academy, or at Boone's, New Bond Street, London. The Transactions contain many- papers of great value, among which may be briefly enumerated Sir W. R. Hamilton's on the theory of Mathematics, Professor Mac Cullagh's on Optics, Dr. Robinson's on Refraction, &c, Dr. Lloyd's on Magnetism, Dr. Apjohn's and Sir Robert Kane's on Chemistry, Mr. Ball's and Mr. Patterson's on Natural History, Lord Rosse's on the Telescope, and Dr. Pe- trie's on Irish Antiquities. The meetings are held in the rooms of the Royal Irish Academy, 114. Grafton Street, Dublin, for- merly known as Mornington House ; on the second Monday of November and December, and on the second and fourth Mondays of J anuary, February, April, May, and June, at eight o'clock in the even- ing. The Annual meeting is held on St. Patrick's eve (March 16th), or on the day immediately pre- ceding, if that should fall upon a Sunday. Each member is known as a " Member of the Royal Irish Academy," which expression is denoted by the initial letters " M.R. I. A." Subscribing Members - 245 Life „ - 161 406 Honorary ,, - 62 President — Rev. H. Lloyd, D. D. Vice-Presidents — Sir W. R. Hamilton, LL. D. ; Rev. Franc Sadleir, D.D., Provost, T.C.D.; Captain Larcom, R. E. ; and Rev. Charles W. Wall, D.D. I. IRISH METROPOLITAN, 199 Treasurer — Robert Ball, Esq. Foreign Secretary — Rev. Samuel Butcher, A.M., F.T. CD. Secretary of the Academy — Rev. J. H. Todd, D. D., F.T. CD. Secretary of the Council — Rev. Charles Graves, A.M., F.T. CD. Assistant Secretary — Edward Clibborn, Esq. ASSOCIATION OF THE KING AND QUEEN'S COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, IRELAND. This Association was instituted in 1816, for the purpose of uniting more intimately the Members of the College, and for the advancement of Medical Science. It is the Literary and Scientific Represen- tative of the College of Physicians; and has pub- lished five or six volumes of Transactions at irregular periods. The Association possesses an excellent Library. No person is eligible as a Member of the Asso- ciation, who is not a Fellow Honorary Fellow or Licentiate of the College, and at the time, free from all censure. Candidates are proposed and seconded at one meeting, and balloted for at the next. The Subscription is Two Guineas per annum, due in ad- vance on the 1st of January. The Society's Rooms are at 104. Grafton Street. The Meetings are held on the first Monday in each Month, from October to May inclusive, at eight o'clock. k 4 200 LEARNED SOCIETIES. Ordinary Members - - -45 Honorary „ - 40 President — Dr. Percival Hunt. Vice-Presidents — Dr. W. A. Trenor ; Dr. Richard S. Sargent. Treasurer — Dr. Thomas Brady. Secretary — Dr. Thomas Fitzpatrick. ROYAL ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF IRELAND. " The Royal Zoological Society of Ire- land" was founded May 10th, 1831. It has for its object the promotion of the Science of Zoology, and its useful Applications. This Society is of great use in Dublin, viewed with respect to its influence on the habits of the people. By a grant of Govern- ment, a portion of the Phoenix Park was set apart for the Gardens of the Society ; they are beautifully circumstanced, and remarkably healthy. They are open to Members with two friends free, as well as to visitors for a small payment ; and with the view of contributing to the enjoyments of the working classes, they are opened after two o'clock on Sun- day, at the nominal charge of one penny. So many as 5,110 individuals attend on those occasions; and apart from the recreation and instruction which they enjoy, the result exhibits a great improvement in public morals. Candidates for membership are duly proposed and seconded by two members ; and on their election pay I. IRISH METROPOLITAN. 201 One Pound of Admission fee, and either One Pound annually or Ten Pounds for life composition. The meetings for business are held in the Lecture Room of the Society, in the Gardens ; for evening meetings when papers are read, in the Theatre of the Royal Dublin Society ; for morning lectures, in the Gardens. The Council meets every Saturday at 9~ a.m. The Scientific meetings, from eight to twelve in number, occur on Thursdays at irregular intervals, at eight o'clock. The Anniversary is on the Second Tuesday in May. Ordinary Members, and subscribing - 380 for life - 100 Honorary „ - - - - 21 President — Sir P. Crampton, Bart. Vice-Presidents — - His Grace the Archbishop of Dublin ; Sir Henry Marsh, Bart. ; the Chief Remembrancer; Leland Crosthwaite, Esq.; Ro- bert Callwell, Esq. Treasurer — T. Hutton, Esq. Secretaries — R. Ball, Esq. ; Hans Irvine, M. B. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. " The Geological Society of Dublin " was founded in February, 1832 ; for the purpose of pro- moting a knowledge of the Rocks of Ireland, and of the laws which regulate their arrangement, the disposition of their imbedded minerals, and organic K 5 202 LEARNED SOCIETIES* remains, and of the soils which result from their dis- integration, with the best modes of applying them to practical uses. The importance of the inquiries of this Society have already been recognised by the members of various professions, including the Miner, the Agriculturist, the Architect, the Engineer, &c. The Society possesses an extensive Museum, and it has besides recently undertaken, without any assist- ance from Government, the formation of a Museum of Economic Geology, which promises to be of great national importance. The Members of this Society are divided into resident and non-resident. Each on being elected in the usual way pays an Admission fee of One Pound. The former then pay One Pound annually, or a Com- position of Ten Pounds, the latter a Composition of Five Pounds. The Society's rooms are in the Custom House, Dublin ; where the meetings are held on the second "Wednesday in each month, from November to July inclusive, at eight o'clock. The Anniversary meet- ing is held on the 2d Wednesday in February. The members are styled " Members of the Geolo- gical Society of Dublin," and are known respectively by the initial letters M. G. S. D. Ordinary Members non-resident - 35 „ resident compounding - 7 subscribing - 111 Honorary „ 6 President — Robert Mallet, Esq. Vice-Presidents — Richard Griffith, Esq. ; J ames I. IRISH METROPOLITAN. 203 Apjohn, M. D. ; John Scouler, M. D. ; C. W. Hamilton, Esq. ; Sir H. De La Beche. Treasurers — William Edington, Esq. ; William Murray, Esq. Secretaries — Robert Ball, Esq. ; Professor Old- ham. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. " The Institution of Civil Engineers of Ireland" was founded 6th August, 1835, and re- modelled October 16th, 1844. Its object is the general advancement of Mechanical Science, and more particularly the promotion of the acquirement of that species of knowledge which constitutes the profession of a Civil Engineer. It consists of three classes of persons ; (1) Members, who are more than twenty-five years of age, and practising Civil En- gineers of at least three years' standing; (2) Honorary Members, who are not practising the profession in the United Kingdom, but eminent for their ex- perience in those or collateral pursuits ; and (3) Associates, whose professional pursuits are intimately connected with those of Civil Engineers, or who, being Civil Engineers, are not of sufficient standing to become members. The distinctive designations established by the bye-laws are respectively, " Mem. Inst. C. E. L ; " " Hon. Mem. Inst. C. E. I. ; " and " Ass. Inst. C. E. V The certificate of a Candidate must be signed by at least three members, of whom one must certify k 6 204 LEARNED SOCIETIES. from personal knowledge; at the second ordinary meeting after this is read the ballot takes place, when three fourths of the votes elect. Members pay- on admission One Guinea and a half, and a Guinea and a half annually. The fees for Associates are in each case two thirds of this. The Composition for Members and Associates is the same, viz. Fifteen Guineas if resident in the United Kingdom, and half that sum if resident elsewhere. The Meetings are held at the apartments of the Geological Society in the Custom House, on the second and fourth Tuesdays in each month, from October to May inclusive, except during the weeks of Christmas, Easter, and Whitsunday. The Anni- versary meeting is held on the third Tuesday in October, at eight o'clock, p. M. Associates - - 13 Ordinary Members - 72 Honorary „ - 1 President — Col. H. D. Jones, R. E. Vice-Presidents — John Radcliffe, Esq. ; Bernard Mullins, Esq. ; Eobert Mallet, Esq. Secretary and Treasurer — Frederick V. Cla- rendon, Esq. ASSOCIATION OF GRADUATES IN MEDICINE OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN. This Association was instituted 30th November, 1837, to provide a point of union for such Gradu- ates in Medicine as had not become Members of I. IRISH METROPOLITAN. 205 either the College of Physicians or the College of Surgeons, and to promote the general intercourse and improvement of those who had. Besides the pro- duction of Essays and Papers at the meetings, inter- esting matters of practice and observation are discussed, and scientific intelligence is communicated. Hitherto, the Ordinary Members of the Society have consisted of Graduates of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin; but Honorary Members are admissible, though not so qualified, and a still more comprehensive qualification is in contemplation. Members are admitted by ballot, on the recom- mendation of two or more members of the Association. A voluntary Subscription is sufficient for all the ordinary expenses. The Meetings are held at places previously ap- pointed, during the Medical Session from November till May. Members - - -26 Patron — The Provost of Trinity College. Presidents — Dr. James Apjohn; Dr. Francis Barker. Treasurer — Dr. Christopher Asken. Secretary — Dr. Robert Travers, at Primate Marsh's Library, St. Patrick's, Dublin. NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, DUBLIN. " The Dublin Natural History Society " was founded on the 2d of March, 1838, for promo- ting the Study of Zoology and Botany with a special 208 LEARNED SOCIETIES. reference to the Natural Products of Ireland, — and for the Cultivation of every department of the Natural Sciences, that tends to advance improve- ment in the Country. In the comparatively short period that has elapsed since the establishment of the Society, its members have brought forward several new facts, not only in Zoology and Botany but also in General Science. Candidates are recommended by two members, and on their admission pay One Pound annually or Five Pounds for Life Membership. The Society meets at present, at 23. Upper Sackville Street, on the first Friday in each month from November to June inclusive, at eight o'clock in the evening. The annual meeting is held on the first Friday in November. Ordinary Members Honorary ,, Corresponding , - 120 13 5 President — Eight Hon. and Most Rev. the Arch- bishop of Dublin. Treasurer — Robert Callwell, M.R.I. A. Secretaries — William Andrews, M. R. I. A. ; James R. Dombrain, Esq. ROYAL INSTITUTE OF THE ARCHITECTS OF IRELAND. " The Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland" was established in 1839; — (1) for the general advancement of Civil Architecture ; (2) I. IPJSII METROPOLITAN. 207 for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of a Knowledge of the various Arts and Sciences con- nected therewith ; (3) for the formation of a Library and Museum ; (4) for establishing a Correspondence with Scientific men in other Countries ; (5) for the purpose of inquiry and information upon the subject of said Arts; and (6) for establishing a uniformity and respectability of practice in the profession. The Apartments of the Society are at the Custom House ; and Her Majesty the Queen is Patroness. President — The Marquis of Clanricarde. Secretary — Frederick Darley, Esq. MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY, DUBLIN". " The Dublin Microscopical Society " was founded in October, 1840, for promoting a know- ledge of the minute Structure of organic beings. Candidates for membership are proposed, seconded, and balloted for on the same evening ; the fees of members are One Pound a year. The meetings are held at 114. Grafton Street, on the first Thursday of each Month, from November till May inclusive, at eight o'clock p.m. Ordinary Members - - - 10 Honorary ,, - 3 President — Thos. F. Bergin, M. E. I. A. Treasurer — Robert Call well, M. K. I. A. Secretary — Geo. J. Allman, M. D., M.R.I. A. 208 LEARNED SOCIETIES. DUBLIN UNIVERSITY PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. " The Dublin University Philosophical Society" was founded in 1842, under the name of the Dublin Philosophical Society, but on re- ceiving the patronage of the authorities of Trinity College in 1845, it became connected with the Uni- versity and assumed its present name. Its general objects are to afford the advantages of a Literary Society to those who are not of sufficient age or standing to entitle them to admission in the more important Societies, and to encourage the practice of written composition. It endeavours to promote in a special degree (1) Mathematics ; (2) Mental Philo- sophy, and the Social Sciences ; (3) Philology and Polite Literature ; — these subjects being superin- tended respectively, by Committees for the purpose. A volume of Transactions was published in 1844, and another in 1846. Candidates are recommended by two members each, and at the ballot four fifths of the votes are necessary. The payments are Ten Shillings an- nually. The meetings are held in the Lecture-Room, No. 27. Trinity College, at eight o'clock on the first Monday of each month, from November till May inclusive. The annual meeting is on the first Mon- day in November. Ordinary Members Honorary „ Corresponding - 61 - 12 - 6 I. IRISH METROPOLITAN. 209 President — Richard Townsend, Fellow of Trinity- College. Treasurer — George Johnston Allman, A. B, Secretary — Denis Caulfield Heron, A. B. Librarian — W. Neilson Hancock, LL. B., Whately Professor of Political Economy. 210 LEARNED SOCIETIES. III. LEARNED SOCIETIES IN IRELAND (^Continued). 2. PROVINCIAL. LITERARY SOCIETY, BELFAST. " The Literary Society of Belfast " was instituted October 23d, 1801, for the purpose of eliciting information on subjects connected with Literature and Science. Several important Memoirs were published at intervals since, but these Fasciculi have never been collected into one volume. This Society is private in its form, but public in its tendency and importance. The meetings are held at the houses of members in rotation, at half past seven in the evening, on the first Monday in each month, from October to May inclusive. At the election of members, two black beans ex- clude. The fees are One Guinea at entrance, and no annual subscription, — the interest accruing from a pecuniary investment, being almost sufficient to meet the current expenditure. Members - - - 15 President — Robert S. M tf Adam, Esq. Secretary — Rev. William Cairns, LL. D., Pro- fessor of Logic and Belles Lettres, Royal Aca- demical Institution. II. IRISH PROVINCIAL. 211 SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY SOCIETY, CORK. " The Scientific and Literary Society " of Cork was instituted in 1819, for the promotion of the objects indicated by its name. It is composed of ordinary Members, and of those who are simply Subscribers, and attend the meetings but do not take any part in the proceedings. Both members and subscribers are elected by ballot, and the qualifica- tion in the former case is the actual production of a paper which shall satisfy the President. The meetings are held at the rooms of the Royal Cork Institution, on Thursday evenings, at Half past Eight o'clock, from October to April inclusive. The Fee paid by Members is Ten Shillings per annum, and their number is 40. There are 55 Subscribers. President — Albert Callanan, M. D. Vice-President — Eugene Flinn, M. D. Treasurer — William Kelehen, Esq. Secretary — Rev. Dom Murphy. NATURAL HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, BELFAST. " The Natural History Society" of Belfast, was founded 5th June, 1821, for the purpose of promoting the study of Natural History in all its branches, in the town and neighbourhood, and for 212 LEARNED SOCIETIES. procuring information on the History, Statistics, Topography, and Antiquities of Ireland. Its mem- bers paid an annual subscription of One Guinea; and were divided into two classes, (1) the Ordinary Members, who were required to read papers in rota- tion, and (2) the Visiting Members, who were not required to do so, and were not privileged to take any part in the Society's business. When from the accumulation of the collection, and the increasing number of members, additional accommodation be- came necessary, the Museum in College Square was erected in 1831, and fitted up at an outlay of £2500. With a view to carry out with greater efficiency and comprehensiveness, the objects of the Society, it was agreed 23d August, 1842, that the previous Laws should be abrogated, that the name should be changed to that of the " Natural History and Philo- sophical Society," and that the Property should be represented by 500 shares at £7 each. Every member holding a share pays annually 10s. instead of 21s., or a smaller sum in case he is the holder of more than one share. The Council consists of shareholders, who must also be " ordinary" members as defined above. The annual subscribers of two classes are still retained ; and there are also Corre- sponding and Honorary members. The members proposed at one meeting are bal- loted for at the next ; one black bean in five excludes. The meetings are held in the apartments connected with the Museum, on the alternate Wednesdays of the winter months, at eight o'clock in the evening. II. IRISH PROVINCIAL. 213 Ordinary Members, holding shares - 202 „ ,, subscribing annually - 10 Visiting „ - - - 14 226 Honorary Members - - 18 Corresponding ,, - - 34 52 President — William Thomson, Esq. Vice-Presidents — John Stevelly, LL. D. ; Thomas Andrews, M.D., M.R.I. A; Robert Patterson, Esq. ; Edmund Getty, M. R. I. A. Secretary — James M'Adam, Jun., Esq. CUVIERIAN SOCIETY, CORK. u The Cuvierian Society" of Cork was insti- tuted in June, 1836, for the purpose of promoting a friendly intercourse between those persons who feel a pleasure in the cultivation of Science, and also to diffuse a love of Literature and Science, by means of Lectures, Papers, Conversations, &c. In carrying out these objects, it has succeeded to a considerable extent; and the members, as well as the public generally in the locality, were stimulated to a better appreciation of Science, by the recent meeting of the British Association in the City. Candidates for admission are proposed and balloted for in the usual way, and on their election, pay Ten Shillings on the 1st of October. The Society holds its Meetings at the Rooms of the Royal Cork Insti- 214 LEARNED SOCIETIES. tution, at half past seven o'clock, on the evening of the first Wednesday in every month. President — Joseph M'Swiney, M. D. Vice-Presidents — John Windele, Esq., Thomas Power, M. D. Treasurer — William Clear, Esq. Honorary Secretary — Francis M. Jennings, F.Gr.S., M.E.I.A. Assistant Secretary — John Humphries, Esq. NATUKAL HISTORY SOCIETY, LONDONDERRY. " The Londonderry Natural History So- ciety" was instituted in 1837, for the purpose of promoting the study of Natural History and general Science, by establishing a Museum, by procuring lecturers from a distance, and by the production of Papers by Members. For the last two or three years it has been less active than formerly, chiefly in consequence of the removal of some of the officers from the locality, but it is still in the way of being useful. The Members are elected by ballot, and pay Ten Shillings or upwards, annually. The place of meet- ing is the Town Hall, but the Society's collections are deposited in the ancient Episcopal Palace. The meetings are held on the first Monday of each Ordinary Members Honorary „ - 32 - 11 II. IRISH PROVINCIAL. 215 month, at seven o'clock, and the Anniversary is in January. No. of Members - - 50 Hon. Secretary (pro tern.) — William Sawers, Esq. STATISTICAL SOCIETY OF ULSTER. " The Statistical Society of Ulster " was established in March, 1838, for the purpose of collect- ing facts illustrative of the condition and prospects of society, especially in the northern counties of Ireland. It promised at the time to be very useful, but it has never been conducted with spirit, and it is at present somewhat in abeyance. President — The Most Hon. the Marquis of Donegal. Treasurer — James Crawford, Esq. Secretary — Edmund Getty, Esq., Belfast. CHEMICO-AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF ULSTER. " The Chemico- Agricultural Society of Ulster" was instituted in October, 1845, for the purpose of affording to Agriculture the assistance which the discoveries of modern science are enabled to impart. The affairs of the Society are regulated by a Council, who hold meetings at stated intervals, issue circulars of printed directions, and publish -9 216 LEARNED SOCIETIES. papers as they see fit. Farming Societies subscribe Two Pounds per annum, persons who are not Tenant Farmers from £1 upwards, and Tenant Farmers Five Shillings. There are Rules for the guidance of the Chemist, — a printed list of charges for particular services, and directions for preparing specimens for his analysis. Lectures are given by the Chemist to the Farming Societies in connexion. Members - - - 150 President — Marquis of Londonderry. Treasurer— Guy Stone, Esq. Secretaries — James M'Adam, Sen., Esq.; W. B. Ritchie, Esq., Belfast. Chemist — J. F. Hodges, M.D., Belfast. PART XX. PRINTING CLUBS. WITH LISTS OF THEIR BOOKS. L THE ROXBURGHE CLUB* 219 THE ROXBURGHE CLUB. " The Roxburghe Club" was instituted in the year 1812, in commemoration of the sale of the library of J ohn third Duke of Roxburgh e, who died on the 1 9 th of March, 1804 ; which continued for forty-two days, during which many of the most valuable books ever offered for public competition were purchased at higher prices than had previously or have since been obtained. Among these may be mentioned Caxton's " Histories of Troy," which sold for One-thousand- and-sixty Pounds, to the Duke of Devonshire ; and the celebrated Valdarfer edition of Boccaccio, which the late Duke of Marlborough, after a personal con- test with Lord Spencer, purchased for Two-thousand- two-hundred-and sixty Pounds. Several of the noblemen and gentlemen who were present at this memorable sale, having met in a social party to celebrate the event, a Club was formed *, * The following are the names of the original members : — Earl Spencer, K.G., President The Marquis of Blandford, afterwards Duke of Marlborough. *Earl Gower, now Duke of Sutherland. Viscount Morpeth, afterwards Earl of Carlisle. Viscount Althorp, afterwards Earl Spencer. Sir Mark Masterman Sjkes, Bart. Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges, Bart. William Bentham, Esq. William Bolland, Esq., afterwards Sir William Bolland, Knt. James Boswell, Esq. I* 2 220 PRINTING CLUBS. the members of which agreed to dine together on the anniversary of the sale of the Boccaccio, each member undertaking to give to his brother Rox- burghers, in turn, a volume printed for the special occasion. The Club has continued to the present time, the number, — originally thirty-one, — having been somewhat enlarged, and the rules having from time to time undergone some alterations, the prin- cipal of which is that an annual subscription is now received from each member, which is devoted to the publication of some unpublished MS., or the reprint of some rare and valuable work. The number of Members is never to exceed forty, Rev. William Hoi well Carr. John Dent, Esq. Rev. Thos. Frognall Dibdin, Vice-President. Rev. Henry Drury. Francis Freeling, Esq., afterwards Sir Fras. Freeling, Bart. George Henry Freeliog, Esq., afterwards Sir Geo. H. Freeling, Bart. Joseph Hazlewood, Esq. Richard Heber, Esq. Rev. Thomas Cuthbert Heber. George Isted, Esq. Robert Lang, Esq. Joseph Littledale, Esq., afterwards Sir Jos. Littledale, Knt. James Heywood Markland, Esq., Treasurer. John Delafield Phelps, Esq. *Thomas Ponton, Esq. *Peregrine Towneley, Esq. *Edward Yernon Utterson, Esq. Roger Wilbraham, Esq. Rev. James William Dodd. Edward Littledale, Esq. Of the above, only four (marked thus *) now remain members of the Club. The honour of being the Father of the Club was disputed by Dr. Dibdin and Mr. Isted. THE ROXBURGHE CLUB. 221 and the number of copies of any work printed, is limited to one hundred. Each member receives two copies, and the remaining ones are purchasable at prices affixed by the Printing Committee. The Annual Subscription is Five Guineas. Each book printed at the expense of the Club is distinguished from those presented, by an engraved title, and by the name of the member for whom it is intended being printed in red ink. The anniversary meeting is held on the 17 th of June, or on the Saturday next following. There is no officer known by the name of Secretary, but letters addressed to the Vice- President or Treasurer will meet with prompt attention. * * The following is the list of "Tostes" given at the first dinner, 17th June, 1812, as quoted in "Martin's Catalogue of Privately Printed Books," from Mr. Hazlewood's curious Scrap book. Cfje ©rfcr r of Co$t*0* %\)t Immortal jHonorp at Sinfjn Bi&z rrf l&ajfbviXQbz. (tfyxtetapfycx WnXtfKxitv, printer of fyz Bztzmzxmx ot 1471. <§utemfierjj, dfutft, antf &tf)Qtff1)zr 9 fyz Inbmtaxg of tfo &rt nf pritttutfl. TOtlltam Carton, tfje JfatTjer at tf)e 33rtttel) $rrt4. 23ame Sultana 2Sarn£3, antt fl)t £L &ftan'£ \Bxzgg. OTgnfcant to OTorta, antf fttcfjarlr Ppnftm, tfje Ittusftxiau* £\\ttt$£t\x& of TOtlttam Canton. Efyz ftXiSinz JFamtlg, at Wznicz. €f)e <§tunta dFamtli?, at tflaxmtt. QTfyz gatizty at fyz 33<opf)tfoS at Part*. t![,f)z prosperity of fyz &axb\ix$f)z Clufc, 3Tf)e €m&z of SSftltomama all ofoer tfyz OTorttr. L 3 222 PRINTING CLUBS. President — The Earl of Powy s. Vice-President — Beriah Botfield, M. P. Treasurer — Bev. Philip Bliss, D. C. L. 5 Oxford. WORKS ISSUED BY THE ROXBURGHE CLUB. i. Certaine Bokes of Virgiles Aenaeis, turned into English Meter. By the Right Honorable Lorde, Henry Earle of Subrey, William Bolland, Esq. 1814 ii. Caltha Poetardm ; or, The Bumble Bee. By T. Cut- wode, Esq. Richard Heber, Esq. 1815 in. The Three First Books of Ovid de Tristibus, Trans- lated into English. By Thomas Churchyarde. Earl Spencer, President. 1816 iv. Poems. By Richard Barnfield, James Boswell, Esq. 1816 v. Dolarny's Primerose, or The First Part of the Pas- sionate Hermit. Sir Francis Freeling, Bart. 1816 vi. La Contenance de la Table. George Henry Freeling, Esq. 1816 vii. Newes from Scotland, declaring the Damnable Life of Doctor Fian, a notable Sorcerer, who was burned at Eden- brough in Ianuarie last 1591. George Henry Freeling, Esq. 1816 viii. A proper new Interlude of the World and the Child, otherwise called Mundus et Infans. Viscount Althorp. 1817 ix. Hagthorpe Revived ; or Select Specimens of a For- gotten Poet. Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges, Bart. 1817 x. Istoria novellamente ritrovata di due nobili Amanti, &c, da Luigi Porto. Rev. William Holwell Carr. 1817 THE ROXBURGHE CLUB. 223 xi. The Funeralles of King Edward the Sixt. Rev. James William Dodd. 1817 xii. A Roxburghe Garland. 12mo. James Bos well, Esq. 1817 xiii. Cock Lorell's Boat, a Fragment from the original in the British Museum. Rev. Henry Drury. 1817 xiv. Le Livre du Faucon. Robert Lang, Esq. 1817 xv. The Glutton's Feaver. By Thomas Bancroft. John Delafield Phelps, Esq. 1817 xvi. The Choree and the Birde. Sir Mark Masterman Sykes, Bart. 1818 xvn. Daiphantus, or The Passions of Love. By Antony Scoeoker. Roger Wilbraham, Esq. 1818 xvni. The Complaint of a Lover's Life. Controversy between a Lover and a Jay. Rev. Thomas Frognall Dibdin, Vice-President. 1818 xix. Balades and other Poems. By John Gower. Printed from the original Manuscript, in the Library of the Marquis of Stafford, at Trentham. Earl Gower. 1818 xx. Diana ; or the excellent conceitful Sonnets of H. C, supposed to have been printed either in 1592 or 1594. Edward Littledale, Esq. 1818 xxi. Chester Mysteries. De Deluvio Noe. De Occisione Innocentium. James Hey wood Markland, Esq. 1818 xxii. Ceremonial at the Marriage of Mary Queen of Scotts with the Dauphin of France. William Bentham, Esq. 1818 xxiii. The Solempnities and Triumphes doon and made at the Spousells and Marriage of the King's Daughter the Lad ye Mar ye to the Prynce of Castile, Arched uke of Austrige. John Dent, Esq. 1818 xxiv. The Life of St. Ursula. Guiscard and Sigismund. Duke of Devonshire. 1818 l 4 224 FEINTING CLUBS* xxv. Le Morte Arthur. The Adventures of Sir Laun- celot Dn Lake. Thomas Ponton, Esq. 1819 Xxvi. Six Bookes of Metamorphoseos in whyche ben con- teyned the Fables of Ovybe. Translated out of Frensshe into Englysshe by Wieliam Caxton. Printed from a Manuscript in the Library of Mr. Secretary Pepys, in the College of St. Mary Magdalen, in the University of Cambridge. George Hibbert, Esq. 1819 xxvn. Cheueeere Assigne. Edward Vernon Utterson, Esq. 1820 xxviii. Two Interludes : Jack Jugler and Thersytes. Joseph Haslewood, Esq. 1820 xxix. The New Notborune Mayd. The Boke of Mayd Emlyn. George Isted, Esq. 1820 xxx. The Book of Life ; a Bibliographical Melody. Dedicated to the Roxburghe Club by Richard Thomson, 8vo. 1820 xxxi. Magnyfycence : an Interlude. By John Skeeton, Poet Laureat to Henry VIII. Joseph Littledale, Esq. 1821 xxxii. Judicium, a Pageant. Extracted from the Towneley Manuscript of Ancient Mysteries. Peregrine Edward Towneley, Esq. 1822 xxxiii. An Elegiacal Poem, on the Death of Thomas Lord Grey, of Wieton. By Robert Marston. From a Manu- script in the Library of the Right Honourable Thomas Gren- ville. Viscount Morpeth. 1822 xxxiv. Selections from the Works of Thomas Ravens- croft ; a Musical Composer of the time of King James the First. Duke of Marlborough. 1 822 xxxv. Ljelii Peregrini Oratio in Obitum Torquati Tassi. Editio secunda. Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges, Bart. 1822 xxxvi. The Hors, the Shepe, and the Ghoos. Sir Mark Masterman Sykes, Bart. 1822 THE ROXBUEGHE CLUB. 225 xxxvu. The Metrical Life of Saint Robert of Knares- BOROUGH. Rev. Henry Drury. 1824 xxxviii. Informacon for Pylgrymes unto the Hoey Londe, From a rare Tract, in the Library of the Faculty of Advocates, Edinburgh. George Henry Freeling, Esq. 1824 xxxix. The Cuck-Queanes and Cuckolds Errants or the Bearing Down the Inne, a Comaedie. The Faery Pastorall or Forrest of Elues. By W P , Esq. John Arthur Lloyd, Esq. 1824 xl. The Garden Plot, an Allegorical Poem, inscribed to Queen Elizabeth. By Henry Goldingham. From an un- published Manuscript of the Harleian Collection in the British Museum. To which are added some account of the Author ; also a reprint of his Masques performed before the Queen at Norwich, on Thursday, August 21. 1578. Venerable Archdeacon Wrangham. 1825 xli. La Rotta de Francciosi a Terroana novamente facta. La Rotta de Scocesi. Earl Spencer, President. 1825 xlii. Nouvelle Edition d'un Poeme sur la Journee de GuiNEGATE. Presented by the Marquis de Fortia. 1825 xltii. Zuleima, par C. Pichler. 12mo. Presented by H. de Chateaugiron. 1825 xliv. Poems, written in English, by Chales Duke of Or- leans, during his Captivity in England after the Battle of Azincourt. George Watson Taylor, Esq. 1827 xlv. Proceedings in the Court Martial, held upon John, Master of Sinclair, Captain-Lieutenant in Preston*s Regi- ment, for the Murder of Ensign Schaw of the same Regiment, and Captain Schaw, of the Royals, October 17. 1708; with Correspondence respecting that Transaction. Sir Walter Scott, Bart. 1828 xlvi. The Ancient English Romance of Havelok the Dane ; accompanied by the French Text : with an Introduce tion, Notes, and a Glossary. By Frederick Madden, Esq. Printed for the Club. 1828 L 5 226 PRINTING CLUBS. xlvii. Gaufridi Arthurii Monemuthensis Archidiaconi, postea vero Episcopi Asaphensis, de Vita et Vaticiniis Mer* lini Calidonii, Carmen Heroicum. Hon. and Rev. G. Neville Grenville. 1830 xlviii. The Ancient English Romance of William and the Werwolf ; edited from an unique copy in King's College Library, Cambridge ; with an Introduction and Glossary. By Frederick Madden, Esq. Earl Cawdor. 1832 xlix. The Private Diary of William, first Earl Cowper, Lord Chancellor of England. Rev. Edward Craven Hawtrey. 1833 l. The Lyvys of Seyntes ; translated into Englys be a Doc- tour of Dyuynite clepyd Osbern Bokenam, frer Austyn of the Convent of Stockclare. Viscount Clive, President. 1835 li. A Little Boke of Ballads. Dedicated to the Club by E. V. Utterson, Esq. 1 836 lii. The Love of Wales to their Soueraigne Prince, ex- pressed in a true Relation of the Solemnity held at Ludlow, in the Countie of Salop, upon the fourth of November last past, Anno Domini 1616, being the day of the Creation of the high and mighty Charles, Prince of Wales, and Earle of Chester, in his Maiestie's Palace of White-Hall. Presented by the Honourable R. H, Clive. 1837 liii. Sidneiana, being a collection of Fragments relative to Sir Philip Sidney, Knight, and his immediate Connexions. Bishop of Lichfield. 1837 liv. The Owl and the Nightingale, a Poem of the twelfth Century. Now first printed from Manuscripts in the Cottonian Library, and at Jesus College, Oxford ; with an Introduction and Glossary. Edited by Josephus Stevenson, Esq. Sir Stephen Richard Glynne, Bart. 1838 lv. The Old English Version of the Gesta Romanortjm : edited for the first time from Manuscripts in the British Mu- seum and University Library, Cambridge ; with an Introduc- tion and Notes by Sir Frederick Madden, K. H. Printed for the Club. 1838 :lyi. Illustrations of Ancient State and Chivalry, from THE ROXBURGHE CLUB. 227 MSS. preserved in the Ashmolean Museum, with an Ap- pendix. Benjamin Barnard, Esq. 1840 lvii. Manners and Household Expenses of England in the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, illustrated by Original Records. I. Household Eoll of Eleanor, Countess of Leicester, A.D. 1265. II. Accounts of the Executors of Eleanor, Queen Consort of Edward I., A.D. 1291. III. Ac- counts and Memoranda of Sir John Howard, first Duke of Norfolk, A.D. 1462 to A.D. 1471. Beriah Botfield, Esq. 1841 Lym. The Black Prince, an Historical Poem, written in French, by Chandos Herald ; with a Translation and Notes, by the Rev. Henry Octavius Coxe, M. A. Printed for the Club. 1842 lix. The Decline of the Last Stuarts. Extracts from the Despatches of British Envoys to the Secretary of State. Printed for the Club. 1843 lx. Vox Populi Yox Dei, a Complaynt of the Comons against Taxes. Presented according to the Direction of the late Right Hon. Sir Joseph Littledale, Knt. 1843 lxi. Household Books of John Duke of Norfolk, and Thomas Earl of Surrey; Temp. 1481 — 1490. From the original Manuscripts in the Library of the Society of Antiqua- ries, London. Edited by J. Payne Collier, Esq., F. S.A. Printed for the Club. 1844 lxii. Three Collections of English Poetry of the latter part of the Sixteenth Century. Presented by the Duke of Northumberland, K. G. 1845 lxiii. Historical Papers. Part I. Containing, 1. Castra Regia, a Treatise on the Succession to the Crown of England. By Roger Edwards, Esq., 1568. 2. Novissima Straffordii, an account of the Proceedings against, and Demeanour of, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Stratford, at his Trial and Execu- tion; written in Latin by Abraham Wright. 3. The same in English by James Wright, Esq. The Rev. Dr. Bliss and the Rev. Dr. Bandinel 1846 L 6 228 PKINTING CLUBS, THE BANNATYKE CLUB. The Bannatyne Club " was founded by Sir Walter Scott, Bart., in 1823; for the purpose of printing works illustrative of the History, Antiqui- ties, and Literature of Scotland. It consisted ori- ginally of only thirty-one members; but as many persons of rank and literary distinction were anxious to become connected with it, in 1828 the number was increased to one hundred. The Club derives its name from George Banna- tyne — born 22nd February, 1545, died in 1607, — Compiler of the celebrated MS. in the Advocates' Library, entitled " Corpus Poeticum Scot'orum" The payments are Five Guineas annually. Some of the books are printed at the expense of the Club, and others are presented by private individuals. The local centre of the Society is Edinburgh, and the meetings are always held there, usually in the Council Boom of the Society of Antiquaries. The Anniversary occurs on the first Monday in December, President — Thomas Thomson, Esq. Vice-President — Lord Cockburn. Treasurer — James T. Gibson Craig, Esq. Secretary — David Laing, Esq. THE BANNATYNE CLUB. 229 WORKS ISSUED BY THE BANNATYNE CLUB. Those marked thus (*) were printed at the expense of the Club. I. VlT.SE DuNKELDENSIS EcCLESIJE EPISCOPORUM, ab AlEX- andro Myln, Conscripts? (with Appendix, printed in 1831).* Edited by Thomas Thomson, Esq. 1823—1831 ii. Poems by Sir David Murray of Gorthy. Presented by Thomas Kinnear, Esq. 1823 in. The Duke of the Howlatt. By Holland. Presented by David Laing, Esq. 1 823 iv. Teares for the Death of Alexander, Earle of Dun- fermeling, Lord High Chancellor of Scotland. Presented by James Maidment, Esq. 1823 v. Robene and Makyne, and the Testament of Cresseid, by Robert Henryson. Presented by George Chalmers, Esq. 1824 vi. Discours Particulier d'Ecosse, par Jacques Makgil, et Jean Bellenden, 1559. Presented by Thomas Thomson, Esq. 1824 vii. The Bannatyne Miscellany, containing Original Papers and Tracts, chiefly relating to the History and Litera- ture of Scotland, 2 vols.* 1824—1836 viii. Report by Thomas Tucker upon the Settlement of the Revenues of Excise and Customs in Scotland, A. D. 1656. Presented by Lord Murray. 1825 ix. Auld Robin Gray, a Ballad, by the Right Hon. Lady Anne Barnard. Presented by Sir Walter Scott, Bart. 1825 x. Recit de 1'Expedition en Escosse l'An 1546, et de la Battayle de Muscleburgh ; par le Sieur Berteville, au Roy Edouard VI. Presented by David Constable, Esq. 1825 xi. An Apology for Sir James Dalrymple of Stair, Presi- dent of the Session. By Himself. Presented by William Blair, Esq. 1825 230 PRINTING CLUBS. xii. The Historie and Life of King James the Sext, being an Account of the Affairs of Scotland, from 1566 to 1596, with a Continuation to 1617.* Edited by Thomas Thomson, Esq. 1825 xiii. Hectoris Boethii Murthlacensium et Aberdonen- sium Episcoporum Vit^. Presented by Henry Cockburn and Thomas Maitland, Esqrs. 1825 xiv. Etchings, chiefly of Views of Scotland, by John Ceerk, Esq., of Eldin, 1773—1779. Folio. Presented by John Clerk, Esq., of Eldin. 1825 xv. The Discoverie and Historie of the Gold Mynes in Scotland, by Stephen Atkinson, written in 1619. Presented by Gilbert Laing Meason, Esq. 1825 xvi. De Yita et Morte Roberti Rollok, Academiae Edin- burgense Primarii, Narrationes ; Auctoribus Geo. Robertson et Hen. Charteris.* Edited by Dr. Lee. 1826 xvii. Letters of John Grahame of Claverhouse, Viscount of Dundee, 1678—1689. Presented by George Smythe, Esq. 1826 xvin. The Palace of Honour. By Gawyn Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld. Presented by J. G. Kinnear, Esq. 1827 xix. Memoirs of his Own Life. By Sir James Melville, of Halhill.* Edited by Thomas Thomson, Esq. 1828 xx. Chronicon Ccsnobii Sanct^e Crucis Edinburgensis. Presented by Robert Pitcairn, Esq. 1828 xxi. Extracts from the Despatches of M. Courcelles, French Ambassador at the Court of Scotland.* Edited by Robert Bell, Esq. 1828 xxii. Papers relative to the Marriage of King James the Sixth of Scotland, with the Princess Anna of Denmark, 1589 ; and the Form and Manner of her Majesty's Coronation at Holy rood House, 1590. Presented by J. T. Gibson Craig, Esq. 1828 xxiii. Siege of the Castle of Edinburgh, 1689. Presented by Robert Bell, Esq. 1828 THE BANNATTNE CLUB. 231 xxiv. Letters from Lady Margaret Kennedy (afterwards Burnet) to John Duke of Lauderdale. 1828 xxv. A Diary of the Proceedings in the Parliament and Privy Council of Scotland, 1700 — 1707. By Sir David Hume, of Crossrigg. Presented by John Hope, Esq. 1828 xxvi. The History of the Troubles and Memorable Transactions in Scotland and England, from 1624 to 1645. By John Spalding. 2 vols.* Edited by James Skene, Esq. 1828 xxvn. Thom^e Dempsteri Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum. 2 vols. Presented to the Club by Count M. de Flahault, Dr. Irving, William Murray, John Fullerton, James Keay, James Campbell, Andrew Skene, Andrew Rutherfurd, and William Gibson Craig, Esqrs. 1829 xxvin. Descrittione del Regno di Scotia, di Petruccio Ubaldini. Presented by Andrew Coventry, Esq. 1829 xxix. Les Affaires du Conte de Boduel, l'An 1568. Presented by Lord Cockburn and Thomas Maitland, Esq. 1829 xxx. The Diary of Mr. James Melville, Minister of Kil- renn, 1556—1601. Presented by Viscount Melville, Sir William Arbuthnor, Sir H. Jardine, Robert Dundas, Colin Mackenzie, and John Borthwick, Esqrs. 1829 xxxi. Memorials of George Bannatyne, 1545 — 1608.* Edited by Sir Walter Scott, Bart., and D. Laing, Esq. 1829 xxxii. Letters from Archibald Earl of Argyle, to John Duke of Lauderdale. 1829 xxxiii. History of the House of Seytoun. By Sir Richard Maitland. With the Continuation by the Viscount Kingston. One of the Maitland Club Books. Printed for the Ban- natyne Club on their own paper. 1829 xxxiv. Memoirs of his Own Life and Times. By Sir James Turner, 1632 — 1670. Edited by Thomas Thomson, Esq. 1829 232 PRINTING GLUBS. xxxv. Papers relative to the Regalia of Scotland. Presented by William Bell, Esq. 1829 xxxvi. Criminal Trials and other Proceedings, before the High Court of Justiciary in Scotland, from 1488 to 1624. 7 vols. Edited by Robert Pitcairn, Esq. 1829—1832 xxxvn. Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland. By David Moysie, 1577—1603. Presented by James Dennistoun, Esq. 1830 xxxviii. The Anatomie of Humors and Poems. By Simion Grahame, 1604—1609. Presented by Robert Jameson, Esq. 1830 xxxix. Relation of Proceedings concerning the Affaires of the Kirk of Scotland, from August, 1637, to July, 1638. By John Earl of Rothes. Presented by James Nairne, Esq. 1830 xl. The History of Scotland from 1436 to 1561. By John Lesley, Bishop of Ross. 1330 xli. Trial of Duncan Terig, alias Clerk, and Alexander Bane Macdonald, for the Murder of Arthur Davis, 1754. Presented by Sir Walter Scott, Bart. 1831 xlii. Hymns and Sacred Songs. By Alexander Hume. Presented by J. G. Kinnear, Esq. 1832 xliii. Collection of Ancient Scottish Prophecies.* Edited by David Laing, Esq. 1833 xliv. Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents that have passed within Scotland, since the Death of King James the Fourth, till the Year MD.LXXV.* Edited by Thomas Thomson, Esq. 1833 xlv. Memoirs of the War carried on in Scotland and Ire- land, 1689—1691. By Major- General Hugh Mackay. Presented by J. M. Hog, P. F. Tytler, and Adam Ur- quhart, Esqrs. 1833 xlvi. The Buik of the Most Noble and Yailzeand Con- queror, Alexander the Great. Presented by William Henry Miller, Esq. 1831 THE BANNATYNE CLUB. 233 xlvii. The Ragman Rolls, 1291—1296. Presented by the Right Hon. William Adam, and the Right Hon. Sir Samuel Shepherd. 1834 xlviii. Philotus, a Comedy. Presented by J. W. Mackenzie, Esq. 1835 xlix. Letters and Papers relating to Patrick Master of Gray, 1584—1608. Presented by Lord Gray. 1835 l. Chronica de Mailros. Presented by Sir John Hay, and Alexander Pringle, Esq. 1835 LI. EXCERPTA e LlBRIS DOMICILII JAC. V. Presented by Lord Mackenzie, Robert Graham, and James Mackenzie, Esqrs. 1825 — 1833 lii. Memoriales of TRANSACTroNs in Scotland. 1569 — 1573. By Richard Bannatyne. 1836 liii. Diary of Public Transactions, 1650 — 1667.* By John Nicolls. Edited by David Laing, Esq. 1836 liv. John Mackay's Life of Lieutenant- General Hugh Mackay.* 1836 lv. David Buchananus de Scriptoribus Scotis.* Edited by Dr. Irving. 1837 lvi. Fountainhall's Historical Observes, 1680 — 1686.* 1837 lvii. Registrum Episcopatus Moraviensis. Presented by the late and present Dukes of Sutherland. 1837 lviii. The Seven Sages, in Scottish Metre. By John Roll and. Presented by Lord Ivory. 1837 lix. Liber S. Marie de Melros. 2 vols. Presented by the Duke of Buccleuch. 1837 lx. Ancient Scotish Melodies, from the Skene MS. By William Dauney, Esq. 1338 lxi. Catalogue of the Library at Abbotsford. Presented by Major Sir Walter Scott, Bart. 1838 234 PRINTING CLUBS. lxii. The Booke of the Universale Kirk of Scotland, 1560—1618. 3 vols * Edited by Thomas Thomson, Esq. 1839—1840 lxiii. Syr. Gawane, a Collection of Ancient Romance Poems.* Edited by Sir Frederic Madden, K. H. 1839 lxiv. Joannes Naperus Merchistonii Baro de Arte Lo- gistica. 1839 lxv. Joannis Ferrerii Historia Abbatum de Ktnlos. Presented by Alexander W. Leith, Esq. 1839 ex vi. The iENEiD of Virgil, translated into Scottish Verse. By Gawyn Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld, 2 vols. Presented by Andrew Rutherfurd, and George Dundas, Esqrs. 1839 lxvii. Chronicon de Lanercost, 1201 — 1346. Presented by William Macdowall, of Garthiand, Esq. 1839 lxviii. Roman de la Manekine. Par Philippe de Reimes.* Edited by M. F. Michel, at Paris. 1840 lxix. Liber Cartarum Sancte Crucis de Edwinesburg. Presented by Lord Francis Egerton. 1840 lxx. The Chamberlain Rolls; or, Accounts of the Great Chamberlains of Scotland, from 1326 to 1453. 3 vols. Edited and presented by Thomas Thomson, Esq., Presi- dent of the Club. 1841 lxxi. Balcarres' Memoirs touching the Revolution in Scotland. Presented by Lord Lyndsay. 1841. lxxii. Liber Cartarum Prioratus Sancti Andree. Presented by O. Tyndall Bruce, Esq. 1841 lxxiii. Letters and Journals of Robert Baillie, Prin- cipal of the University of Glasgow. 3 vols.* Edited by David Laing, Esq. 1841 lxxiv. The Jerviswood Correspondence, 1702 — 1708. Presented by the Earl of Minto. 1842 THE BANNATYNE CLUB. 235 lxxv. Registrum de Dunpermelyn. Presented by the Duke of Buckingham, and Six other Gentlemen. 1842 xxxvi. Liber Ecclesie de Scone. Presented by William Smythe, Esq. 1843 exxvii. Diary of Sir Thomas Hope, Bart., 1633—1645 * 1843 exxviii. Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis. 2 vols.* Edited by Cosmo Innes, Esq. 1843 exxix. The Leven and Meevilee Papers, 1689 — 1691. Presented by the Hon. William Leslie Melville. 1843 exxx. Horn et Rimenhild. Edited by Francesque Michee, at Paris.* 1845 exxxi. Registrtjm Cartarum de Kelso. 2 vols. Presented by the Duke of Roxburghe. 1846 exxxii. Bannattne Club Accounts. v. Y. Minor Publications in Octavo. exxxiii. Rules of the Bannattne Club and Catalogues. v. Y. lxxxiv. Poems of George Bannattne. 1824 lxxxv. Eight Bannatyne Garlands. 1 vol. 1829 lxxxvi. Recueil des Depeches, Rapportes, &c, des Am- bassadeurs de France en Angleterre et en Ecosse, publies sous la Direction de M. Cooper, 7 vols. Par A. Teulet. Paris, 1838—1840. 236 PRINTING CLUBS. THE MAITLAND CLUB. " The Maitland Club " was instituted on the 31st of March, 1828; by a few Gentlemen of Glas- gow, for the purpose of printing works illustrative of the History, Antiquities, and Literature of Scotland. The Society takes its name from Sir Richard Maitland, of Lethingtoun, Knight, w T ho was born in 1496, and died March 20th, 1586. The nature of his inquiries and exertions harmonised with the general objects of this Society. The Members of the Society are one hundred in number, and each Member pays at present Ten Guineas on Admission, besides Three Guineas an- nually. The year terminates on the 31st of March, and the Anniversary meeting is held as soon as pos- sible after that date. The officers of the Society consist of a President, Vice-President, Treasurer, and Secretary, and of a Council of eight. Books of great importance are from time to time presented to the Society by noblemen and gentlemen, who are Members of it, in addition to those printed by the direction of the Council. Letters are to be addressed to the Secretary. A list of the Works issued by the Maitland Club is given below. President — The Most Hon. the Marquis of Bute, K.T. Vice-President — The Very Rev. Principal Mac Farlan, D.D. Treasurer — James Boyle, Esquire. Secretary — John Smith, LL. D., Crutherland, Glasgow. THE MAITLANP CLUB. 237 WORKS ISSUED BY THE MAITLAND CLUB. Those printed at the expense of the Club are marked thus (*). i. History of the House of Seyton. By Sir Richard Maitland.* ii. Beaugue Histoire de la Guerre d'Ecosse. Presented by William Smith, Esq, in. Moysie's Memoirs of Scotland, 1577 — 1603. Presented by James Dennistoun of Dennistoun, Esq. iv. Poems. By Sir Richard Maitland of Lethingtoun, Knight.* v. Register of Ministers and their Stipends, 1567. Presented by Alexander Macdonald, Esq., of the General Register House, Edinburgh. vi Chronicle of Perth, 1210 — 1668. Presented by James Maidment, Esq., Advocate, Edin- burgh. vn. Babel; a Satirical Poem, 1692. Presented by George Ritchie Kinloch, Esq., Edinburgh. vin. Lamont's Diary, 1649 — 1671.* ix. Chronicle of the Kings of Scotland. Presented by John Whitefoord Mackenzie, Esq., W. S., Edinburgh. x. The Romance of Clariodus. Presented by Edward Piper, Esq., Edinburgh. xi. Registrum Metellanum L* xii. Hamilton's Description of the Shires of Lanark and Renfrew.* xiii. Inventory of the Ornaments, &c, of Glasgow Ca- thedral. Presented by the late John Dillon, Esq., Sheriff- Substi- tute of Lanarkshire. xiv. Notices, &c, of the Literary History of Glasgow. Presented by Richard Duncan, Esq., Glasgow. xv. Henrys on' s Moral Fables. Presented by Duncan Stewart, Esq. 238 PRINTING CLUBS. xvi. Burgh Records of Glasgow, 1573 — 1581. Presented by John Smith, LL.D., of Crutherland, Esq. xvii. Registrum Monasterii de Passelet, 1 163 — 1529. Presented by the late Earl of Glasgow. xvni. Drummond of Hawthornden's Poems. Presented by the late William Macdowal of Garthland, Esq. xix. Ancient Criminal Trials in Scotland, 10 Parts.* xx. Spalding's History of the Troubles in Scotland. 2 vols. xxi. Memoirs of Sir James Melville of Halhill. Printed at the expense of Fifty Members of the Club. xxii. Mackay's Memoirs of the War in Scotland and Ireland, 1689—1691. Presented by Patrick Fraser Tytler, Esq., Advocate, and Adam Urquhart, Esq., Advocate. xxm. Diurnal of Occurrents in Scotland, 1513 — 1575.* xxiv. Cartularium de Levenax. Presented by Alexander Campbell, Esq., of Barnhill. xxv. Miscellany of the Maitland Club, Parts I. and II.* xxvi. Illustrations of the Reigns of Queen Mary and James VI. Presented by Andrew Mac George, Esq., Glasgow. xxvu. Records of the Burgh of Prestwick, from the Fif- teenth to the Eighteenth Century. Presented by the late John Smith, of Swinridgemuir, Esq. xxviii. Illustrations of Scottish History, from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century. Presented by Moses Steven, of Polmadie and Bellahous- toun, Esq. xxix. Works of George Dalgarno. Presented by Lord Cockburn and Thomas Maitland, of Dundrennan, Esq. xxx. Works of Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromarty. Presented by Sylvester Douglas Stirling, of Glenbervie, Esq. xxxi. History of Mary Queen of Scots. Presented by the late Robert Adam, Esq. THE MAITLAND CLUB. 239 xxxii. Wodrow's Biographical Collections. Vols. I. and II.* xxxiii. Winzet's Tractatis. Presented by John Black Gracie, Esq., W. S., Edin- burgh. xxxiv. Reports of the Statistics of various Parishes in Scotland, 1627. Presented by the late Alexander MacGrigor, of Ker- nock, Esq. xxxv. Letters to King James VI. Presented by the late Sir Patrick Walker, of Coates. xxxvi. Papers relative to the Royal Guard of Scottish Archers in France. Presented by James Dunlop, Esq., Edinburgh. xxxvu. The Cochrane Correspondence regarding the Affairs of Glasgow, 1745 — 1746. Presented by James Smith, of Jordanhill, Esq. xxx viii. Catalogue of the Works printed for the Mait- land Club, 1836.* xxxix. Notices of Glasgow, 1587 — 1750. Presented by John Smith, LL. D., of Crutherland, Esq. xl. Scalacronica, by Sir Thomas Gray of Heton.* xli. Selections illustrative of the History of Scotland, 1542—1568. Presented by the late Kirkman Finlay of Castle Toward, Esq. xlii. Life and Death of James the First of Scotland. Presented by George Macintosh of Campsie, Esq. xliii. Ancient Scottish Melodies. By William Dau- ney, Esq.* xliv. The Romance of Sir Bevis of Hampton. Presented by William B. D. D. Turnbull, Esq., Advo- cate, Edinburgh. xlv. Catalogue of the Library at Abbotsford. Presented by John Gibson Lockhart, Esq xlvi. Chronicon de Lanercost, 1201 — 1346. Presented by the late Archibald Campbell, of Blyths- wood, Esq. xlvii. Naperus de Arte Logistica.* 240 PRINTING CLUBS, xl viii. The Scottish Metrical Romance of Lancelot du Lak* xlix. The Booke of the Universal Kirk of Scotland, 1560—1592. 2 vols.* l. Letters to the Argyle Family. Presented by the Duke of Argyle. li. Miscellany of the Maitland Club. Vol. II., parts 1 and 2,* ml Rob Stein's Dream.* liii. Maxwell's Narrative of Prince Charles' Expedi- tion to Scotland, 1745. Presented by Walter Buchanan of Shandon, Esq. liv. Documents Illustrative of Sir William Wallace. Presented by Robert Rodger, Esq., Glasgow. lv. Rowe's Historie of the Kirk of Scotland. 2 vols. Presented by Beriah Botfield, of Norton Hall, Esq., M.P. lvi. Notices of Original Unprinted Documents Illustra- tive of the History of Scotland.* lvii. Miscellany of the Maitland Club Vol. III., parts 1 and 2* lviii. The Coltness Collections, MDCVIII— MDCCCXL. Presented by James Bogle, Esq., Glasgow. lix. Memoirs of Sir Ewan Cameron, of Lochiel. Presented by William Crawfurd of Cartsdyke, Esq., and Robert Pitcairn, Esq., W. S., Edinburgh. lx. Wodrow's Analecta. 4 vols. Presented by the late Earl of Glasgow. lxi. Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis. 2 volsJ Presented by James Ewing, LL.D., of Levenside, Esq. lxii. Liber Ecclesie de Scon. Presented by William Smythe, Esq., Advocate, Edin- burgh. lxiii. The Booke of the Universale Kirk of Scotland ; containing Acts and Proceedings of the General Asseniblys of the Kirk of Scotland, from the year m.d.lx. Collected from the most authentic Manuscripts. Part III. m.d.xciii. — m.d.c.xviii. lxiv. Collections upon the Lives of the Reformers and most Eminent Ministers of the Church of Scotland. By the Rev. Robert Wodrow, Minister of the Gospel at Eastwood. THR ORIENTAL TRANSLATION FUND. 241 Vol. II. Collections on the Life of Mr. Robert Boyd of Trochrig. lxv. Miscellany of the Maitland Club; consisting of Original Papers and other Documents illustrative of the His- tory and Literature of Scotland. Yol. III., part 2. lxvi. The Chartulary of the Episcopal See of Aberdeen. 2 vols. lxvii. The Buik of Our Ladye College of Glasgow, or Register of the Collegiate Church of Saint Mary and Saint Anne, 1516 — 1549 ; and Muniments of the Friars Preachers of Blackfriars of Glasgow, 1246 — 1593. Presented by the Most Hon. the Marquis of Bute. lxviii. An Appendix to the "Booke of the Universale Kirk."* lxix. Papers Illustrative of the Political Condition of the Highlands of Scotland, 1687 — 1696. Presented by Mr. Gordon of Aikenhead. lxx. The Caldwell Papers, 2 vols. Presented by Colonel Mure of Caldwell, M. P. lxxi. The Miscellany of the Maitland Club ; consisting of Miscellaneous Papers. Vol. IY., in two parts.* Edited by Robertson, Esq. lxii. Wodrow's Biographical Collections, Vol. III. THE ORIENTAL TRANSLATION FUND. " The Oriental Translation Fund " was established in 1828 by some members of the Royal Asiatic Society, though it is not at all intended to be confined to them, nor is it so in reality. Its object is the publication of Translations from Eastern MSS. into the languages of Europe. The Com- mittee of the Fund have already published sixty-two distinct works, in about seventy-two volumes of such translations, some of them of great interest. A list is given below. M 242 PRINTING CLUBS. The Annual Subscription is Ten Guineas for large paper copies ; and Five Guineas for small paper copies. Chairman — The Right Hon. the Earl of Clare. Treasurer — Beriah Botfield, M. P. Secretary- — The Hev. James Reynolds., M. R. A. S. WORKS PRINTED FOR THE ORIENTAL TRANSLATION FUND. i. The Travels of Ibn Batuta. Translated from the abridged Arabic Manuscript Copies preserved in the Public Library of Cambridge, with Notes* illustrative of the History, Geography, Botany, Antiquities, &c, occurring throughout the work, by the Kev. S. Lee, B.D. Quarto, \l. ii. Memoirs of the Emperor Jahangueir. Written by Himself ; and translated from a Persian Manuscript, by Major David Price. Quarto, 125. in. The Travels of Macarius, Patriarch of Antioch. Written by his Attendant Archdeacon, Paul of Aleppo, in Arabic. Translated by F.C.Beefour, M.A. 2 vols, quarto, 41. iv. Han Koong Tsew; or, the Sorrows of Han. A Chinese Tragedy, translated from the Original, with Notes, and a Speci- men of the Chinese Text, by John Francis Davis, F.R.S. Quarto, 5s. v. History of the Afghans. Translated from the Persian of Neamet Ullah, by Bernharb Dorn, Ph. D. Quarto, 28s. vi. The Fortunate Union. A Romance, translated from the Chinese Original, with Notes and Illustrations ; to which is added, a Chinese Tragedy, by John Francis Davis, F. R. S. 2 vols. Octavo, 16s. vn. Yakkun Xattannawa. A Cingalese Poem, descriptive of the Ceylon System of Demonology : to which is appended, the Practices of a Capua, or Devil Priest, as described by a Buddhist ; and Kolan Xattannawa, a Cingalese Poem, de- scriptive of the Characters assumed by Natives of Ceylon in a Masquerade. Illustrated with Plates from Cingalese Designs, THE ORIENTAL TRANSLATION FUND. 243 Translated by John Callaway, late Missionary in Ceylon. Octavo, 8s, vin. The Adventures of Hatim Tai ; a Romance, trans- lated from the Persian, by Duncan Forbes, M.A. Quarto, 16s. ix. The Life of Sheikh Mohammed Ali Hazin. Written by Himself. Translated from two Persian Manuscripts, and illustrated with Notes explanatory of the History, Poetry, Geography, &c, which therein occur, by F. C. Belfour, M.A. Octavo, 10s. 6d.. For the Persian Text of this Work, see No. 15. x. Memoirs of a Malayan Family. Written by Them- selves ; and translated from the Original, by W. Marsden. Octavo, 2s. 6d. xi. History of the War in Bosnia, during the Years 1737, 1738, and 1739. Translated from the Turkish, by C. Fraser. Octavo, 4s. xn. The Mulfuzat Timury ; or, Autobiographical Memoirs of the Moghul Emperor Timur. Written in the Jagtai Turki Language ; turned into Persian, by Abu Talib Hussaini ; and translated into English, by Major Charles Stewart. With a Map of Transoxania. Quarto, 12s. xiii. The History of Vartan, and of the Battle of the Armenians ; containing an Account of the Religious Wars be- tween the Persians and the Armenians. By Elis^eus, Bishop of the Amadunians. Translated from the Armenian, by C. F. Neumann. Quarto, 10s. xiv. The Life of Hafiz ul Mulk, Hafiz Rehmut Khan. Written by his Son, Nuwab Must'ujab Khan Bahadar; and entitled Gulistan-i-Rehmut. Abridged and Translated from the Persian, by C. Elliott, Esq. Octavo, 5s. xv. The Life of Sheikh Mohammed Ali Hazin. Written by Himself. Edited from two Persian Manuscripts, and noted with their Various Readings. By F. C. Belfour, M. A. Oc- tavo, 105. 6d. For the English Translation of this Work, see No. 9. xvi. Miscellaneous Translations from Oriental Lan- guages. Vol. 1. Octavo, 8s- Containing: — 1. Notes of a Journey into the Interior of Northern Africa. By Haji Ibn-ud-din Al-Aghwaati. Translated from the Arabic, by W. B. Hodgson, Esq. m 2 PRINTIKO CLUBS. 2. Extracts from the Sakaa Thevan Saasteram, or Book of Fate. Translated from the Tamul Language, by the Rev. Joseph Roberts. 3. The Last Days of Krishna and the Sons of Pandu, from the concluding Section of the Mahabharat. Trans- lated from the Persian Version, made by Nekkeib Khan, in the time of the Emperor Akbar, by Major David Price. 4. The Vedala Cadai ; being the Tamul Version of a Col- lection of Ancient Tales in the Sanscrit Language ; popu- larly known throughout India, and entitled the Vetala Panhavinsati. Translated by B. Gr. Babington, M. D. 5. Indian Cookery, as practised and described by the Na- tives of the East. Translated by Sandford Arnot. xvii. The History of the Maritime Wars of the Turks; translated from the Turkish of Haji Khalifeh, by James Mitchell. Part I. Quarto, 7s. xviii. Translations from the Chinese and Armenian. By Charles F. Neumann. Octavo, 12s. 1. History of the Pirates who infested the China Sea from 1807 to 1810. Translated from the Chinese Original, with Notes and Illustrations. 2. The Catechism of the Shamans ; or, the Laws and Regulations of the Priesthood of Buddha, in China. Translated from the Chinese Original, with Notes and Illustrations. 3. Vahram's Chronicle of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia during the Time of the Crusades. Translated from the Original Armenian, with Notes and Illustrations. xix. The Algebra of Mohammed Ben Musa, Arabic and English. Edited and translated by Frederic Rosen. Oc- tavo, 10s. xx. xxi. The Geographical Works of Sadik Isfahani ; and a Critical Essay on Various Manuscript Works, Arabic and Persian. Translated by J. C, from Original Persian MSS. in the Collection of Sir William Ouseley, the Editor. Octavo, \0s. xxn. The Shah Nameh of the Persian Poet Firdausi. Translated and Abridged in Prose and Verse, with Notes and Illustrations. By James Atkinson, Esq. Octavo, 15s. xxiii. The Tezkereh al Vakiat ; or, Private Memoirs of the Moghul Emperor Humayun. Written in the Persian THE ORIENTAL, TRANSLATION FUND. 245 Language, by Joucher, a Confidential Domestic of His Ma- jesty. Translated by Major Charles Stewart. Quarto, 10s. xxiv. The Siyar-ul-Mutakherin ; a History of the Maho- medan Power in India during the last Century. By Mir Ghoeam Hussein-Khan. Revised from the translation of Haji Mustafa, and Collated with the Persian Original, by General Briggs. Yol. I. Octavo, 14s. xxv. Hoei ean ki ; or, l'Histoire du Cercle de Craie. Drame en Prose et en Yers ; traduit du Chinois, et accompagne_; de Notes. Par Stanislas Jueien. Octavo, 7s. xxvi. San Kokf Tsou Ran to Sets ; ou, Apercu General des Trois Royaumes. Traduit de FOriginal Japonais-Chinois, par M. J. Keaproth. (Ouvrage accompagne de Cinque Cartes.) Octavo, 15,9. xxvn. Annals of the Turkish Empire, from 1591 to 1659 of the Christian Era. Translated from the Turkish by Charles Eraser. Yol. I. Quarto, 11. lis. 6d. xxviii. Raghuvansa, Kalidasje Carmen. Sanskrite et L/atine. Edidit Aeolphus Frieericus Stenzler. Quarto, 1/. Is. xxix. Customs and Manners of the Women of Persia, and their Domestic Superstitions. Translated from the Ori- ginal Persian Manuscript. By James Atkinson, Esq. Oc- tavo, 5s. xxx. History of the Early Kings of Persia. From Kaio- mars, the first of the Peshdadian Dynasty, to the Conquest of Iran by Alexander the Great. Translated from the Original Persian of Mirkhond, entitled the Rauzat-us-safa, with Notes and Illustrations. By Davie Shea. Octavo, 10s. xxxi. The Tuhfat-ul-Mujahidin ; a History of the First Settlement of the Mohammedans in Malabar, and of their sub- sequent Struggles with the Portuguese. Translated from the Arabic. By Lieut. M. Rowlandson. Octavo, 5s. xxxn. Alfiyya; ou, la Quintessence de la Grammaire Arabe ; Ouvrage de Djemal-ed-din Mohammed, connu sous le nom d'Ebn-Malec. Publie en Original, avec un Commentaire. Par le Baron Silvestre De Sacy. Paris. Octavo, 8s. xxxiii. Narrative of Travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in the Seventeenth Century. By Evliya Efendi. M 3 246 PRINTING CLUBS, Translated from the Turkish, by the Eitster Joseph Yon Ham- mer. Parts I. and II. xxxiv. A Description of the Burmese Empire ; compiled chiefly from Native Documents. By the Rev. Father San- germano ; and translated from his MS. by William Tandy, D.D. Rome. Quarto, 16s. xxxv. Essay on the Architecture of the Hindus. By Ram Raz, Native Judge and Magistrate at Bangalore. With 48 Plates. Royal Quarto, 17. lis. 6d. xxxvi. Annaees des Empereurs du Japon. Traduites par M. Isaac Titsingh. Ouvrage revu, complete, et corrige, sur 1'Original Japonais-Chinois, accompagne de Notes, et pre- cede d'un Apercu de l'Histoire Mythologique des Japonais, par M. J. Keaproth. Quarto, 11. \0s. xxxvii. Harivansa; ou, Histoire de la Famille de Hari ouvrage formant un Appendice du Mahabharata ; et traduit sur 1'Original Sanscrit, par M. A. Langeois. Deux tomes. Quarto, 21. 16s. XXXVIII. MlSCEEEANEOUS TRANSLATIONS fl'Om ORIENTAL Languages. Volume II. 7s. Containing : — 1. A Genealogical Catalogue of the Kings of Armenia. By Prince Hubboff. Translated from the Armenian into the Russian Language, by Lazar Kooznets. Translated from the Russian into English, by James Glen. 2. An Account of the Siege and Reduction of Chaitur, by the Emperor Akbar ; from the Akbar Namah of Shaikh Abul Faze. Translated by Major David Price. 3. Short History of the Secret Motives which induced Mustafa Pasha, and the Leaders of the Imperial Camp, to march from the City of Adrianople to Constanti- nople ; with the stratagems they employed in order to depose Sultan Mustafa, and restore to the throne Sultan Selim the Martyr. Translated by Col. T. Gordon. 4. The Ritual of the Buddhist Priesthood. Translated from the Original Pali Work, entitled Karmawakya, by the Rev. Benjamin Clough. 5. Translation of an Extract from a Horticultural Work, in Persian, by Baboo Radhakant Deb, of Cal- cutta. 6. Account of the Grand Festival, held by the Amir Timur, on the Plains of Kaneh Gul, or Mine of Roses, THE ORIENTAL TRANSLATION FUND. 247 after his return from Asia Minor, and the defeat of Ilde- rum Bayazid, or Bajazet, A. h. 803. Translated from the Mulfuzat Timuri, by Colonel Francklin. xxxix. The Didascalia; or, Apostolical Constitutions of the Abyssinian Church. Translated from the Ethiopic. By Thomas P. Platt, Esq., M. A. Quarto, 10s. xl. Les A ventures de Kamrup. Par Tahcin-uddin ; tra- duites de l'Hindoustani par M. Garcin De Tassy. Paris. Octavo. xli. The Chronicles of Rabbi Joseph Ben Joshua Ben Meir, the Sphardi. Translated from the Hebrew. By C. H. F. Bialloblotzky. In 2 vols. Octavo, 1Z. 4s. xlii. The Political and Statistical History of Gujerat. Translated from the Persian. By James Bird, Esq. Octavo. xLiii. Le Livre des Recompenses et des Peines. Traduit du Chinois. Par Stanislas Julien. Paris. Octavo, 12s. xliv. Haji Khalf^e Lexicon Encyclop^edicum et Bibli- ographicum. Edidit Gustavus Fluegel. Tom. I., II., and III. Leipzig. Quarto. xlv. Chronique d'Abou-Djafar Mohammed Tabari. Traduit sur la Persane par Louis Dubeux. Premiere Livrai- son. Paris. xlvi. Laili and Majnun. A Poem. From the original Persian of Nazami. By James Atkinson, Esq. London. Octavo, 5s. 6d. xl vii. The History of the Temple of Jerusalem. Trans- lated from the Arabic of the Imam Jalal-addin al Siuti. With Notes and Dissertations. By the Rev. James Reynolds, B.A. London. Octavo, 15s. xlviii. The Sankhya Karika ; or, Memorial Verses on the Sankhya Philosophy. Translated from the Sanscrit, by H. T. Colebrooke, Esq. Also, The Bahshya ; or, Commentary of Gaurapada. Translated and illustrated by an original Com- ment, by H. H. Wilson, Esq., &c. &c. Oxford. Quarto, 10s. 6d. xlix. Histoire des Sultans Mamlouks de l'Egypte. Ecrite en Arabe par Taki-eddin-ahmed-Makrizi. Traduite en Francais, par M. Quatremere. Tome I. and II. Paris. l. Rig Veda Sanhita ; Sanskrite et Latine. Edidit Frede- rick Augustus Rosen, Ph.D. Quarto, II. Is. m 4 248 PRINTING CLUBS. 11. Kumara Sambhava ; Sanskrite et Latine. Edidit Adol- phus F. Stenzler. Quarto, 10s. 6d. MX. Practical Philosophy of the Muhammadan People, exhibited in its professed connexion with the European, so as to render either an introduction to the other ; being a translation of the Akhlak-i- Jalaly, the most esteemed Ethical Work of Middle Asia, from the Persian of Fakir Jany Mahammad Asaad ; with References and Notes. By W. F. Thompson. Octavo, 15 s. liii. Histoire de la Litterature Hindoui et Hindoustani . Par M. Garcin de Tassy. Tome I. Paris. Octavo. liv. The Vishnu Purana ; a System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition. Translated from the original Sanscrit, and illustrated by Notes derived chiefly from other Puranas. By Professor Wilson. Quarto, 21. 2s. lv. The History of the Mohammedan Dynasties in Spain ; from the Text of Al-Makkari. Translated by Pascual de Gayangos. In 2 vols. Quarto, 41. 4s. lvi. El-Mas'udi's Historical Encyclopaedia, entitled " Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems." Translated from the Arabic by Aloys Sprenger, M.D. Vol. I. Octavo, 16s. lvii. Translation of the Sanhita of the Sam a Veda. By the Rev. J. Stevenson, D.D. Octavo, 7s. lviii. Specimens of the Popular Poetry of Persia. As found in the Adventures and Improvisations of Kurroglou, the Bandit-Minstrel of Northern Persia ; and in the Songs of the People inhabiting the Shores of the Caspian Sea. Orally Collected and Translated by A. Chodzko, Esq. Octavo, 16s. lix. Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary. Trans- lated from the Arabic by Baron Mac Guckin de Slane. Vols. I. and II. Quarto. lx. History of Hyder £Taik, otherwise styled Nawaub Hyder Ali, &c. &c. &c. Written by Meer Hussein Ali Khan Kirmani. Translated from an Original Persian MS. in the Library of her Most Gracious Majesty, by Colonel Miles, of the Hon. East India Company's Service. Octavo, 16s. lxi. The Dabistan; or, School of Manners. Translated from the Persian, with Notes, &c, by David Shea and A. Troyer. 3 vols. Octavo. THE IONA CLUB. 249 lxii. History of the Reign of Tipu Sultan ; being a Con- tinuation of the Neshani Hyduri. Written by Mir Hussein Aei Khan Kirmani. Translated by Col. W. Miles. Octavo. lxiii. Notices of Several Persian Poetical Works, with Critical Remarks of Native Reviewers, and Biographical Sketches of the Authors. Compiled and Translated by the late Right Hon. Sir Gore Ouseley, Bart. To which is prefixed a brief Memoir of the Translator, by the Rev. James Reynolds, Secretary to the Oriental Translation Fund. Octavo. IONA CLUB. " The Iqna Club" was instituted on the 27th of March, 1833, for the purpose of investigating and illustrating the History, Antiquities, and early Li- terature of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. In order to celebrate its Institution, a meeting was held in the Island of Iona, upon the 7 th of Sep- tember, 1833, which excited great interest in the Highlands, and was numerously attended both by members and strangers. Permission having been obtained, excavations were made in the Ancient Cemetery called Relig teram ; when a considerable number of finely carved tombstones were brought to light, of a kind previously unknown. Most of the inscriptions on these remain yet to be deciphered ; but the fallacy of a popular notion was shown, viz. that there are subterraneous vaults or chambers in that part of the Cemetery where the Tombs of the Kino;s are situated* The election of Members takes place at the Ge- neral or Special Meetings. Each is balloted for, and requires a majority of three fourths in his favour. m 5 250 PRINTING CLUBS. Ordinary Members pay One Guinea on Admission, and One Guinea annually. Associates (who are ex- clusively clergymen^) pay the half of these sums respectively ; and either the Members or Associates may compound at the rate of ten years' purchase. Honorary Members, being ladies of rank and in- fluence, representing Highland families, are admitted without ballot. The place of Meeting is Edinburgh; the times May and December. The Members are at present about a hundred and sixty in number. President — His Grace the Duke of Argyle. Vice-President — The Most Hon. the Marquis of Northampton. Treasurer — James Robertson, Esq. Secretary — William Forbes Skene, Esq. Publisher — Thomas G. Stevenson, Prince's Street, Edinburgh. PUBLICATIONS OF THE IONA CLUB. i. " Collectanea de Rebus Albanicis." ii. 44 Transactions of the Club." Vol. I. In Four Parts. Edited by Donald Gregory and Wm. Forbes Skene, Esqrs. in. 44 Transactions of the Club." Yol. II. Edited by David Laing and Wm. Forbes Skene, Esqrs. THE SURTEES SOCIETY. ;i The Surtees Society" was founded in 1834; for the publication of inedited Manuscripts, illustra- tive of the moral, the intellectual, the religious, and the social condition of those parts of England and THE SURTEES SOCIETY. 251 Scotland included on the East, between the Humber and the Frith of Forth, and on the West, between the Mersey and the Clyde, a region which constituted the Ancient Kingdom of Northumberland. The Society takes its name from the late Robert Surtees, Esq., of Mainforth, Author of the " History of the County Palatine of Durham ; " in honour of whom it is founded, and with whose pursuits and plans it is in accordance. It consists of an unlimited number of Members ; who pay Two Guineas an- nually, due in advance on the last Thursday of May. The affairs of the Society are regulated by a Council of twenty-eight individuals, of whom five form a quorum. The votes of the individual members are taken, by means of a printed circular, respecting the works recommended for publication, and the Council limit the notes and illustrations of editors to matter of the most necessary kind. A hundred copies of each work are set apart for the public, and are sold at prices fixed by the Council. The prices are shown in connexion with the volumes in the accompanying list. The Annual Meeting is held at Durham, on the last Thursday in May. President — His Grace the Duke of Cleveland. Treasurers — John Gough Nichols, Esq., London ; and the Rev. William Greenwell, M. A., Durham. Secretary — The Rev. James Raine, M. A., Dur- ham. Publishers — Nichols and Son, and Pickering, London ; Laing and Forbes, Edinburgh. m 6 252 PRINTING CLUBS. PUBLICATIONS OF THE SURTEES SOCIETY. i. Beginaldi Monachi Dunelmensis Libellus de Admi- randis Beati Cuthberti Virtutibus. II. Is. 1835 ii. Wills and Inventories, illustrative of the History, Man- ners, Language, Statistics, &c, of the Northern Counties of England, from the Eleventh Century downwards. (Chiefly from the Registry at Durham.) II. 5 s. 1835 in. The Towneley Mysteries. 17. 5s. 1836 iv. Testamenta Eboracensia ; Wills illustrative of History, Manners, Language, Statistics, &c, of the Province of York, from a.d, 1300 downwards. Part I. II. 5s. 1836 v. Sanctuarium Dunelmense et Sanctuarium Beverla- cense ; or, Registers of the Sanctuaries of Durham and Bever- ley. 11. 1837 vi. The Charters of Endowment, Inventories, and Ac- count Rolls of the Priory of Finchale. 1Z. 12s. 1837 vii. Monastic Catalogues of the Library of the Church of Durham, Hulne, &c. 1/. 1838 vni. Miscellanea Biographica. Lives of Oswin, King of Northumberland ; Two Lives of Cuthbert, Bishop of Lindis- farne ; and a Life of Eat a, Bishop of Hexham. 21. 2s. 1838 ix. The Durham Historians, Galfrid of Coldingham, Robert Greystanes. and William Chambre, with an Appen- dix of 355 original Documents. 21. 2s. 1839 x. Ritual of the Church of Durham, with an Interlinear JSJorthumbro- Saxon Translation. Circ. a.d. 700. II. Is. 1840 xi. Jordan Fantosme's Anglo-Norman Chronicle of the THE SURTEES SOCIETY. 253 War between the English and the Scots in 1173 and 1174, with a Translation, Notes, &c. 11. Is. 1840 xii. Correspondence, Inventories, Account Roles, and Law Proceedings of the Priory of Coedingham. 11. 5s. 1841 xiii. Liber Yit^ Ecceesi^ Dunelmensis ; nec non Obitu- aria duo Ejusdem Ecclesiae. 12s. 1841 xiv. The Correspondence of Robert Bowes, of Aske, Esq., Ambassador of Queen Elizabeth to the Court of Scotland. 1/. 75. 1842 xv. The Rites, &c, of the Monasticae Church of Dur- ham, before the Suppression. 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Its object is the Printing of Mis- cellaneous pieces, illustrative of History, Literature, and Antiquities. This Club was founded in honour of Sir Walter Scott, Bart., from whose residence its name is taken; and it is limited to fifty members. New members are elected on the recommendation of existing ones, and two thirds of the votes are necessary to secure such elections. The subscription is Three Guineas per annum. The Meetings are held at the Secretary's Apart- ments, or at the Antiquarian Society's House ; and the Annual General Meeting is held in the month of February. President ■ — ■ The Rt. Hon. the Lord Justice Clerk. Treasurer — James Macknight, Esq. Secretary — Theodore Martin, Esq. LIST OF THE WORKS ISSUED BY THE ABBOTSFOKD CLUB, ALL 4TO. i. Ancient Mysteries, from the Digby MS. 1 vol. 1835 ii. The Weaver's Pageant. 1 vol. 1836 in. Compota Domestica, 1273 — 1463. 1 vol. 1836 THE ABBOTSFORD CLUB. 255 iv. Ancient Metrical Romances. 1 vol. 1836 v. Monastic Treasures. 1 vol. 1836 vi. Memoirs of Lord Herries. 1 vol. 1836 vn. Records of the Presbyteries of Fiee and Cupar. 1 vol. 1837 vni. Records of the Synod of Fife. 1 vol. 1837 ix. The Meeros Papers. 2 vols. 1837 x. Mind, Will, and Understanding : a Morality. 1 vol. 1837 xi. The Abbotsford Misceeeany. 1 vol. 1837 xii. Arthour and Merein. 1 vol. 1838 xiii. Letters and State Papers, temp. Jac. I. 1 vol. 1838 xiv. Inventaires Chronologiques des Documents pour 1'Histoire d'EcossE. 1 vol. 1838 xv. De Familia Humia Wedderburnense. 1 vol. 1839 xvi. Records of the Presbytery of Lanark. 1 vol. 1840 xvii. Jacobite Correspondence of the Abbott Famiey. 1 vol. 1840 xviii. Sir Guy of Warwick. 1 vol. 1840 xix. Le Roman des Aventures de Fregus. 1 vol. 1840 xx. Legend of St. Katherine of Alexandria. 1 vol. 1841 xxi. Liber Conventus S. Katherine Senensis. 1 vol. 1841 256 PRINTING CLUBS. xxn. Libri de Balmorinach et Lundoris. 1 vol. 1841 xxin. Extracta e Varus Cronicis Sconi. 1 vol. 1842 xxiv. Memoirs of Sir Ewan Cameron of Lochiell. 1 vol. 1842 xxv. Liber Officiaeis Sanctii Andrew. 1 vol. 1845 xxvi. Gordyne's Garden of Grave and Godeie Feoures. 1 vol. 1845 THE CAMDEN SOCIETY. u The Camden Society " was founded in 1838. Its object is to perpetuate, and render accessible, whatever is valuable, but at present little known, amongst the materials for the Civil, Ecclesiastical, or Literary History of the United Kingdom. This it accomplishes by the publication of Historical Documents, Letters, ancient Poems, and whatever else lies within the compass of the designs of the Society — in the most convenient form, and at the least possible expense, consistent w T ith the production of useful volumes. The Society takes its name from " Camden, the Nourice of Antiquities," the author of " Britannia," and the Historian of Queen Elizabeth — born 2d May, 1551, died 2d November, 1623 — the tendency of whose inquiries harmonised with the general object of this Society. Several other Societies, established for the illustration of Local Literature, Antiquities, &c, have since followed the example. THE CAMDEN SOCIETY. 257 The Members of the Society are 1200 in number, and each subscribes One Pound per annum, which is due upon the first of May. The working of the Society is performed by a Council of fifteen, each editor correcting the proofs of the work which he has undertaken to superintend. For the purpose of transmitting the Books to the members, at the least possible expense, there are fifty-one Local Secretaries appointed, each of whom distributes the volumes to those in his own immediate neighbourhood. Members may compound for their future Annual Subscriptions, by paying Ten Pounds, over and above the Sub- scription for the current year, and in the application for admission, Candidates who think proper to com- pound have precedence. Letters, post paid, are to be addressed to the Se- cretary at Messrs. Nichols', 25. Parliament Street, Westminster. A list of the works issued by the Camden Society is given below. The following is an extract from the Report of the Council, adopted 2d May, 1845. €t When it is considered what a mass of infor- " mation, formerly inaccessible to the majority of " historical students, has thus been rendered gener- " ally available by means of the Camden Society, " the Council feel that they are justified in claim- " ing for that Society the continued and increased " support of its friends, and the zealous co-opera- " tion of all who look upon the study of our " National History as deserving of encouragement, " — of all who are anxious for the establishment of " that which is the great end and object of all " investigations into the past, — Historical Truth." 258 PRINTING CLUBS. President — The Right Hon. Lord Braybrooke, F.S.A. Director— Thomas Amyot, Esq., F. E. S., F. S. A. Treasurer — John Payne Collier, Esq. F.S. A. Secretary — William J. Thorns, Esq., F. S. A. WORKS OF THE CAMDEN SOCIETY. For 1838—1839. i. Restoration of King Edward IV., a. d. 1471. Edited by John Bruce, Esq., F. S. A. ii. Kyng Johan, a Play, by Bishop Bale. Edited by John Payne Collier, Esq., F.S.A. hi. Deposition of Richard II., Poems on. Edited by Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. iv. The Peumpton Correspondence. Edited by Thomas Stapleton, Esq., F. S. A. v. Anecdotes and Traditions. Edited by William J. Thoms, Esq, F.S.A. For 1839—1840. vi. Political Songs of England, from John to Edward II. Edited by T. Wright, Esq., M. A., F. S. A. vii. Hayward's Annals of Queen Elizabeth. Edited by John Bruce, Esq., F.S.A. viii. Ecclesiastical Documents. Edited by the Rev. Joseph Hunter, F.S.A. ix. Norden's Description of Essex. Edited by Sir Henry Ellis, K. H., F. R. S., Sec. S. A. x. Warkworth's Chronicle, from 1461 to 1474. Edited by J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R. S., &c. xi. Kemp's Nine Daies Wonder. Edited by the Rev. Alexander Dyce. THE CAMDEN SOCIETY. 259 For 1840—1841. xii. The Egerton Papers. Edited by John Payne Col- lier, Esq., F. S.A. xiii. Chronicle of Josceline de Brakelond. Edited by John Gage Kokewode, Esq., F.R. S., Director S.A. xiv. Narratives of Contests in Ireland, 1641 and 1690. Edited by T. C Croker, Esq., F.S.A., M.R.I. A. xv. Chronicle of William de Rishanger. Edited by J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R. S., &c. For 1841—1842. xvi. The Latin Poetry of Walter Mapes. Edited by Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. xvn. The Travels of Nicander Nucius ; the Second Book of. Edited by the Rev. John Antony Cramer, D.D. xviii. Three Early English Metrical Romances. Edited by John Robson, Esq. xix. Diary of Dr. John Dee, &c. Edited by J. O. Halli- well, Esq., F.R. S., F. S.A. For 1842—1843. xx. An Apology for the Lollards ; a MS. attributed to Wiclifle. Edited by the Rev. J. II . Todd, D. D., &c. xxi. Rutland Papers ; selected from the MS. collections of his Grace the Duke of Rutland. Edited by William Jerdan, Esq., F.S.A., M.R.S.L. xxii. The Private Diary of Thomas Cartwright, Lord Bishop of Chester, temp. J ames II. xxiii. Original Letters and Papers of Literary Men of England, including Unpublished Papers of Camden. Edited by Sir Henry Ellis, K. H. xxiv. Dame Alice Kyteler ; a Narrative of Proceedings against Dame A. Kyteler, accused of Sorcery in Ireland, in 1324. Edited by Thomas Wright, Esq., M. A., F.S.A. For 1843—1844. xxv. Promptorium: an English and Latin Dictionary of Words in use during the Fifteenth Century, compiled chiefly 260 PRINTING CLUBS. from the Promptorium Parvulorum. By Albert Way, Esq., F.S.A. Vol. I. (A to L.) xxvi. The Suppression of the Monasteries ; Three Chap- ters of Letters relating to the Suppression of the Monasteries. Edited by Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A.,F. S. A. xxvii. Leycester Papers ; Correspondence of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leycester, during his Government of the Low Countries. Edited by John Bruce, Esq., F. S.A. For 1844—1845. xxviii. The French Chronicle of London, from a MS. in the Cottonian Library. Edited by George James Aungier, Esq. xxix. A Translation of Polydore Vergil's History of the Reigns of Henry VI., Edward IV., and Richard III., from a MS. in the Royal Collection, British Museum. Edited by Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., F.R.S., Sec. S.A. xxx. The Thornton Romances of Sir Perceval, Sir Isum- bras, Sir Eglamour, and Sir Degrevant. Edited by J. O. Hal- liwell, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. xxxi. Notes of Proceedings in the Long Parliament. Printed from the original pencil Memoranda taken in the House by Sir Ralph Verney, Knight, now in the possession of Sir Harry Verney, Bart. Edited by John Bruce, Esq., F.S.A. For 1845—1846. xxxii. Autobiography of Sir John Bramston, Knt., &c. Edited by the Right Hon. Lord Braybrooke, President of the Society. From the Original, in the possession of Thomas Wil- liam Bramston, Esq., Member for Essex. xxxiii. Correspondence of James Earl of Perth, from the Originals in the possession of Lady Willoughby de Eresby. Edited by William Jerdan, Esq., M.R. S. L. xxxiv. De Antiquis Legtbus Liber; a Chronicle of the Mayors and Sheriffs of London, and of divers events of those times. Edited by Thomas Stapleton, Esq., F. S. A., from the Transcript made for the late Record Commission (for the use of which the Camden Society is indebted to the Right Hon. Lord Langdale, her Majesty's Keeper of Records), collated with the Original MS. in the Archives of the City of London. THE SPALDING CLUB. 261 xxxv. The Chronicle of Calais, temp. Henry VII. and Henry VIII. Edited by John Gough Nichols, Esq., F.S.A. For 1846—1847. xxxvi. Polydore Vergil's English History ; Vol. I. to the Conquest. Edited by Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., F.R.S., Sec. S.A. xxxvn. A Relation, or rather a True Account of Eng- land under Henry VII. Translated from the Italian of a Contemporary Venetian Nobleman, resident at the English Court, with Notes, by Charlotte Augusta Sneyd. xxxviii. The Collegiate Church of Middleham ; Docu- ments relating to its Foundation and History. Edited by the Rev. William Atthill, Canon and Sub-Dean of Middleham. xxxix. The Camden Miscellany : Vol. I. Containing : — L The Register and Chronicle of the Abbey of Aber- c on way. 2. The Papal Bull for the Marriage of King Henry VII. 3. A Commentary of the Services of William Lord Grey of Wilton, K. G. 4. A Diary of the Siege of Rouen in 1592, by an Officer of the English contingent. 5. The Diary of Dr. Edward Lake, Chaplain and Tutor to the Princesses Mary and Anne, in 1677 — 1678. THE SPALDING CLUB. "The Spalding Club" was instituted in the year 1839, for the printing of the Historical, Ecclesi- astical, Genealogical, Topographical, and Literary remains of the North-Eastern Counties of Scotland. The locality of the Club is Aberdeen ; and it takes its name from Spalding, who was Clerk to the Commissary of Aberdeen from 1624 to 1645. He 262 PRINTING CLUBS. is Author of " History of the Troubles and Memor- able Transactions in Scotland 1624 — 45." The Members are limited in number to five hundred, and they each pay One Guinea annually. The Annual General Meeting is held on the 22d of December. President — The Earl of Aberdeen, K. T. Joint Treasurers — John Blaikie and John Ligert- wood, Esqrs., Advocates, Aberdeen. Secretary — John Stuart, Esq., Advocate, Aber- deen. WORKS OF THE SPALDING CLUB, 1840 — 1847. i. History of Scots Affairs from 1637 to 1641, by James Gordon, Parson of Rothiemay. Vol. I. Edited by Joseph Robertson, Esq., and George Grub, Esq. n. Misceeeany of the Spaeding Ceub, Yol. I. Edited by John Stuart, Esq., Advocate, Secretary of the Club. nr. History of Scots Affairs, Vol. II. Edited by Messrs. Robertson and Grub. iv. Description of bothe Touns of Aberdeen, by James Gordon, Parson of Rothiemay, 1661. Edited by Cosmo Innes, Esq., Sheriff of Moray. v. History of Scots Affairs, Vol. III. Edited by Messrs. Robertson and Grub. vi. Misceeeany of the Spaeding Ceub, Vol. II. Edited by John Stuart, Esq., Advocate. vn. Extracts from the Presbytery Book of Strathbogie, a.d. m.dc.xxxi. — m.dc.eiv. Edited by John Stuart, Esq., Advocate. viii. A Fragment of a Memoir of Field Mareshal James Keith, written by himself, 1714 — 1734. Presented to the Club by Thomas Constable, Esq. THE IRISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 263 ix. Collections for a History of the Shires of Aberdeen and Banff, 1 vol. Edited by Joseph Robertson, Esq. Presented to the Club by its noble President, the Earl of Aberdeen. x. An Abridgement of Britane's Distemper from 1639 to 1649, by Patrick Gordon of Ruthven. Edited by John Dunn, Esq., Advocate. xi. A Brieffe Narration of the Services Done to Three Noble Ladyes by Gilbert Blakhal, Priest of the Scots Mission in France, in the Low Countries, and in Scotland, m.dc.xxxi. — m.dc.xlix. Edited by John Stuart, Esq., Advocate. xil Extracts from the Council Register of the Burgh of Aberdeen, 1398 — 1570. Edited by John Stuart, Esq., Advocate. xin. Registrum Episcopatus Aberdonensis ; Ecclesie Cathedralis Aberdonensis Regesta, que extant in unum col- lecta. Vol. I. et II. Edited by Cosmo Innes, Esq., Sheriff of Moray. xiv. Selections from the Records of the Kirk Session Presbytery and Synod of Aberdeen, from the Year 1562 to the Year 1681. Edited by John Stuart, Esq., Advocate. Printed at the expense of the Earl of Ellesmere. xv. The Miscellany of the Spalding Club. Yol. III. Edited by John Stuart, Esq. Printed at the expense of the Viscount Arbuthnot, Lord Saltoun, and 17 other Members of the Club. THE IRISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. " The Irish Archaeological Society " was instituted in 1840, for the printing of the Genealogical, Ecclesiastical, Bardic, Topographical, and Historical Remains of Ireland. It consists of five hundred Members, each of whom pays Four Pounds on the first year of his election, and One Pound every sub- sequent year. The year begins on the first of J anuary. 264 PRINTING CLUBS. This Society has been instrumental in bringing to light various important works^ which were compara- tively unknown, though of national interest. The library of Trinity College, Dublin, and the various public and private collections throughout the country, contain a great deal that lies within the sphere of this Society's operations ; and the public will soon be prepared to make larger demands upon it, from the extension of education, the increased attention to Irish literature, and the desire to cultivate the Irish language. Patron — H .R. H. the Prince Albert, D. C.L., F.R. S., &c. President — His Grace the Duke of Leinster. Treasurer — J. Huband Smith, A.M., M.R.I.A. Secretary — Rev. J. H.Todd, D.D., M.R.I.A., Trinity College, Dublin. WORKS ISSUED BY THE IRISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. i. Tracts Relating to Ireland. Vol. I., containing : — 1. The Circuit of Ireland; by Muircheartach Mac Neill, Prince of Aileach ; a Poem written in the year 942 by Cormacan Eigeas, Chief Poet of the North of Ireland. Edited, with a Translation and Notes, and a Map of the Circuit, by John O'Donovan, Esq. 2. "A Brief Description of Ireland ; made in this Year 1589, by Robert Payne vnto xxv. of his partners for whom he is vndertaker there." Reprinted from the second edition, London, 1590, with a Preface and Notes by Aquilla Smith, M.D., M.R.I.A. 1841 ii. The Annals of Ireland, by James Grace, of Kilkenny. Edited from the MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, THE IRISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 265 in the original Latin, with a Translation and Notes, by the Rev. Richard Butler, A.B., M.R.I.A. 1841 in. Cath "TOu^hi Rath. The Battle of Magh Rath (Moira), from an ancient MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited in the original Irish, with a Translation and Notes, by John O'Donovan, Esq. 1842 iv. Tracts Relating to Ireland, Yol. II., containing : — 1 . " A Treatise of Ireland ; by John Dymmok." Edited from a MS , in the British Museum, with Notes, by the Rev. Richard Butler, A.B,, M.R.I.A. 2. The Annals of Multifernam ; from the original MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited by Aquilla Smith, M.D., M.R.I.A. 3. A Statute passed at a Parliament held at Kilkenny, A.D. 1367 ; from a MS. in the British Museum. Edited, with a Translation and Notes, by James Hardiman, Esq., M.R.I.A. 1842 v. An Account of the Tribes and Customs of the District of Hy-Many, commonly called O'Kelly's Country, in the Counties of Galway and Roscommon. Edited from the Book of Lecan in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, in the original Irish, with a Translation and Notes, and a Map of Hy- Many, by John O'Donovan, Esq. 1843 vi. The Book of Obits and Marty rology of the Cathe- dral of the Holy Trinity, commonly called Christ Church, Dublin. Edited from the original MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, by the Rev. Jonn Clarke Cros- thwaite, A.M, Rector of St. Mary-at-Hill, and St. Andrew Hubbard, London. With an Introduction by James Hent- horn Todd, D.D., Y.P.R.I.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. 1843 vn. "Registrum Ecclesie Omnium Sanctorum juxta Dublin;" from the original MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin; with a fac simile of an ancient Charter. Edited by the Rev. Richard Butler, A.B., M. R.I. A. 1844 N 266 PRINTING CLUBS. viii. An Account of the Tribes and Customs of the Dis- trict of Hy-FiACHRACH, in the Counties of Seigo and Mayo. Edited from the Book of Lecan, in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, and from a copy of the Mac Firbis MS. in the possession of the Earl of Roden. With a Translation and Notes, and a Map of Hy-Fiachrach, by John O'Donovan, Esq. 1844 ix. A Description of West or H-Iar Connaught, by Roderic O'Feaherty, Author of " Ogygia," written A. r>. 1684. Edited from a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, with Copious Notes and an Appendix, a Map of West Connaught, and a fac simile of the Author's handwriting, by James Hardiman, Esq., M.R.I. A. 1845 x. The Misceeeany of the Irish Archjeoeogical Society", Vol. I., containing : — 1 . An ancient Poem attributed to St. Coeumbkieee, with a Translation and Notes by John O'Donovan, Esq. 2. De Concieio HiBERNiiE ; the earliest extant record of a Parliament in Ireland ; with Notes by the Rev. R. BUTEER. 3. Copy of the Award as concerning the Toeboee (Dublin) : contributed by Dr. A. Smith. 4. Pedigree of Dr. Dominick Lynch, Regent of the Col- ledge of St. Thomas of Aquin, in Seville, A.D. 1674. Contributed by James Hardiman, Esq. 5. A Latin Poem, by Dr. John Lynch, Author of " Cam- brensis Eversus," in reply to the Question " Cur in patriam non redis ?" Contributed by Mr. Hardiman. 6. The Obits of Kiecormick, now Frankfort, King's County. Contributed by the Rev. J. H. Todd, D. D. 7. Ancient Testaments. Contributed by Dr. A. Smith. 8. Autograph Letter of Thady O'Roddy ; with some Notices of the Author by the Rev. J. H. Todd. 9. Autograph Letter of Oeiver Cromweee to his Son Harry Cromweee, Commander-in-chief in Ireland. Con- tributed by Dr. A. Smith. 10. The Irish Charters in the Book of Keees, with a Translation and Notes by John O'Donovan, Esq. 11. Original Charter granted by John, Lord of Ireland, to the Abbey of Meleifont. Contributed by Dr. A, Smith. THE PARKER SOCIETY. 267 12. A Journey to Conn aught in 1709 by Dr. Thomas Moeyneux. Contributed by Dr. A. Smith. 13. A Covenant in Irish between Mageoghegan and the Fox; with a Translation, and historical Notices of the two Families, by John O'Donovan, Esq. 14. The Annaes of Ireland, from a.d. 1443 to 1468, trans- lated from a lost Irish original, by Dudeey Firbisse ; with Notes, by John O'Donovan, Esq. 1846 xi. The Irish Version of the " Historia Britonum" of Nennius, or, as it is called in the Irish MSS., Lecxbap (Dpetnac, the British Book. Edited from the Book of Ballimote, collated with copies in the Book of Lecan, and in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, with a Translation and Notes by James Hex- thorn Todd, D.D., M.R.I. A., Fellow of Trinity College, &c; and additional Notes and an Introduction by the Hon. Al- gernon Herbert. THE PARKER SOCIETY. " The Parker Society" was instituted in 1840. In carrying out its object, it aims first at the re- printing, without abridgement alteration or omission, of the best Works of the Fathers and early Writers of the Reformed English Church, published in the period between the accession of King Edward VI. and Queen Elizabeth; second, at the printing of such of other Writers of the Sixteenth Century as may appear desirable (including, under both classes, some of the early English Translations of the Foreign Reformers) ; and third, the printing of some MSS. of the same authors, hitherto unpublished. The Society takes its name from Martin Parker Archbishop of Canterbury, " a great collector of ancient and modern writings, who took especial N 2 268 PRINTING CLUBS. care of the safe preservation of them for all suc- ceeding times ; as foreseeing, undoubtedly, what use might be made of them by posterity : that, by having recourse to such originals and prece- dents, the true knowledge of things might the better appear." The number of members on the list of this society exceeds Seven Thousand ; and each pays One Pound, due on the 1st of January. The Council consists of twenty-four members of the Established Church, of whom Sixteen at the least must be Clergymen, — exclusive of a President, Treasurer, and Honorary Librarian. President — The Eight Hon. Lord Ashley, M. P. Hon. Treasurer — Sir Walter R. Farquhar, Bart. Hon. Librarian — George Stokes, Esq. Editorial Secretary — Rev. James Scholefield, Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge. Secretary for General Business — William Thomas, Esq., 33. Southampton Street, Strand, London. WORKS ISSUED BY THE PARKER SOCIETY. i. The Works of Bishop Ridley. 1841 ii. The Sermons and other Pieces of Archbishop Sandys. 1841 in. The Works of Bishop Pilkington. 1841 iv. The Works of Roger Hutchinson. 1841 v. The Examinations and Writings of Archdeacon Philpot. 1842 THE PARKER SOCIETY. 269 vi. Christian Prayers and Meditations. 1842 vii. Letters of Bishop Jewell, and others, translated from the Originals in the Archives of Zurich (1st Series). 1842 viii. The Writings of Archbishop Grindal. 1842 ix. Early Writings of the Rev. T. Becon, Chaplain to Archbishop Craniner, and Prebendary of Canterbury. 1842 x. Fulke's Defence of the English Translation of the Bible. 1843 xi. Early Writings of Bishop Hooper. 1843 xii. Writings of Archbishop Cranmer on the Lord's Supper. 1843 xin. The Catechism and other Pieces of Becon. 1843 xiv. The Liturgies, Primer, and Catechism of the Reign of Edward VI. 1844 xv. Writings of Bishop Coverdale. 1844 xvi. Sermons of Bishop Latimer. 1844 xvii. The Flower of Godly Prayers, and other Pieces of Becon. 1844 xviii. Second Series of Letters from the Archives of Zurich. 1845 xix. Writings of Bishop Jewell. 1845 xx. Remains of Bishop Latimer. 1845 xxi. Devotional Poetry of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth. 1845 N 3 270 PRINTING CLUBS. THE PERCY SOCIETY. " The Percy Society" was founded in 1840., for the purpose of bringing to light important but obscure specimens of Ballad Poetry, or works illus- trative of that department of Literature. It takes its name from Thomas Percy, D. D., the accomplished editor of the " Reliques of Ancient English Poetry," who was born 1729, and who died 1811 Bishop of Dromore. Por some years the Society issued a volume each month ; its publications are now less frequent though still numerous and respectable. The number of members is limited to Five Hundred, and the Sub- scription is One Pound per Annum, due in advance on the first of May. There are several Local Secre- taries, and the address of the Secretary is at the Printer's, 100. St. Martin's Lane. President — The Right Hon. Lord Bravbrooke. F. S. A. Secretary — Thomas Wright, M. A., F. S. A., &c. WORKS ISSUED BY THE PERCY SOCIETY. i. A Collection of Old Ballads Anterior to the Reign of Charles I. By John Skelton, Stephen Peel, Church- yard, Tarlton, Elderton, Deloney, &c. &c. Edited by J. P. Collier, Esq., F. S. A. ii. A Search for Money ; or, the lamentable Complaint for the losse of the wandring Knight Mounsieur Y Argent ; con- taining curious topographical details of London and its suburbs. By William Kowley, 1609. Reprinted from the only known copy. Edited by J. P. Collier, Esq., F. S. A. THE PERCY SOCIETY. 271 in. The Payne and Sorowe of Evyll Maryage, in verse. From a copy believed to be unique, printed by Wynkyn de Worde; with an Introduction regarding other works of the same class, and from the same press. By J. P. Collier, Esq., F.S.A. iv. A Selection from the Minor Poems of Dan John Lyd- gate. Edited by J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R. S., F.S.A., and English Correspondent of the Royal Historical Commission of France. v. The King and a Poore Northerne Man. Full of simple mirth and merry plaine jests. By Martin Parker. In verse. 1 640. Edited by J. P. Collier, Esq., F. S. A. vi. The Revolution in Ireland of 1688. Illustrated by the popular Ballads of the period. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by T. Crofton Croker, Esq., F. S.A., M.R.I. A. vn. Songs of the London Prentices and Trades during the Reigns of Henry VIII., Elizabeth, and James I. Edited by Charles Mackay, Esq. viii. The Early Naval Ballads of England. Edited by J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F. R. S. ix. Robin Good-fellow ; his Mad Pranks and Merry Jests. In prose and verse, 1628. With an Introduction by J. P. Collier, Esq , F. S. A. x. Strange Histories ; or, Songes and Sonets of Kings, Princes, &c. Very pleasing either to be read or songe, &c. By Thomas Deloney, 1607. With an Introduction and Notes by J. P. Collier, Esq., F. S. A. xi. Political Ballads published in England during the Commonwealth, chiefly from the King's pamphlets in the British Museum. With an Introduction and Notes, by T. Wright, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. xii. The Pleasant History of the Two Angry Women of Abington. With the humorous mirth of Dicke Coomes and Nicholas Proverbs, two serving-men. As it was lately playde by the Lord High Admirall his servants. Written by Henry Porter, 1599. Edited by the Rev. A. Dyce. xiii. The Boke of Curtasye ; an English Poem illustrative of the Domestic Manners of the fifteenth century. Edited by J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F. R. S., &c. N 4 272 PRINTING CLUJBS. xiv. Kind-Harts Dream. Conteining five Apparitions, with their Invectives against abuses raigning. By Henry Chettee. Containing Notices of Shakspeare, Nash, &c. A curious picture of the Manners and Customs of the time. With a Life of the Author. Edited by E. F. Rimbauet, Esq., F.S.A. xv. The Meeting of Gaeeants at an Ordinarie ; or, the Walkes in Powles, 1604. Illustrative of Manners and Customs of the time. Edited by J. O. Haeeiweee, Esq., F. R. S. xvi. Oed Christmas Caroes. Chiefly taken from manu- script sources. Edited by T. Wright, Esq, M.A., F.S.A. xvii. The Nursery Rhymes of England. Arranged in Classes, with an Historical Introduction. Edited by J. O. Hae- eiweee, Esq. xviii. The Peeasant and Sweet History of Patient Gris- seee. In prose and verse. With an Introduction concerning the origin of the story, and its application in various countries. Edited by J. P. Coeeier, Esq., F.S.A. xix. Specimens of Lyric Poetry written in Engeand during the Reign of Edward I. Edited by T. Wright, Esq., M. A., F.S.A. xx. A Marriage Triumphe. Solemnized in an Epithala- mium in memorie of the happie Nuptials betwixt the Count Palatine and the Lady Elizabeth. Written by Thomas Hey- wood. In verse, 1613. With an Introduction, giving an ac- count of other Poems by different authors on the same event, by J. P. Coeeier, Esq., F.S.A. xxi. A Knignt's Conjuring, done in Earnest, discovered in Jest. Written in answer to Nash's Pierce Penniless, and containing numerous allusions to Manners and Customs in London. By Thomas Dekker, 1607. Edited, with a Life of the Author, by E. F. Rlmbauet, Esq., F. S. A. xxn. Paraphrase on the Seven Penitential Psalms. In English Metre (in Stanzas) of the Fifteenth Century ; pre- sumed to be the production of a Lollard. Edited by W. H. Beack, Esq., Assistant Keeper of the Public Records. xxiii. The Crown Gareand of Goueden Roses. A Col- lection of Songs and Ballads, chiefly historical, by Richard Johnson, Author of the " Seven Champions of Christendom." Reprinted from the Edition of 1612. Edited by W. Chappeee, Esq., F.S.A. THE PERCY SOCIETY. 273 xxiv. A Dialogue of Witches and Witchcraft, By George Gifford, 1603. Edited by T. Wright, Esq., M. A., F. S.A. A curious illustration of the popular superstitions of the latter part of the Sixteenth Century. xxv. Foelie's Anatomie ; or, Satyres and Satyricall Epi- grams, by Henry Hutton of Durham, 1619. Containing curious allusions to Paris Garden, the Theatres, &c. Edited by E. F. Rimbault, Esq., F. S.A. xxvi. Jack of Dover. A Collection of Tales, and u The Penniless Parliament of Thread- bare Poets, or all Mirth and Wittie Conceites," 1604. xxvn. Five Poetical Tracts of the Sixteenth Century. From unique copies, viz., "The Doctrynall of Good Ser- vauntes." " The Boke of Mayd Emlyn." " The New Not- borune Mayd." "A Complaint of a Dolorous Lover upon Sugred Wordes and Fayned Countenance." And " Loves Leprosie." Edited by E. F. Rimbault, Esq., F. S. A. xxviii. A Collection of Latin Stories ; illustrative of the History of Fiction during the Middle Ages. From MSS. of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Edited by T. Wright, Esq., M.A., F. S.A. xxix. The Harmonie of the Church ; containing Spiritual Songs and Holy Hymns, by Michael Drayton. Edited by the Rev. A. Dyce. xxx. Cocke Lorell's Bote; a Satyrical Poem from an unique copy printed by Wynkyn de Worde. Edited by E. F. Rimbault, Esq., LL D., F. S.A. xxxi. Poems by Sir Henry Wotton. Edited by the Rev. A. Dyce. xxxii. The Harmony of Birds ; a Poem from the only known copy, printed in the middle of the Sixteenth Century. Edited by J. P. Collier, Esq., F. S.A. xxxnr. A Kerry Pastoral ; in Imitation of the First Eclogue of Yirgil. Edited by T. C. Croker, Esq , F.S.A., M.R.I. A. xxxiv. The Four Knaves. A Series of Satirical Tracts, in verse, by Samuel Rowlands. Edited by E. F. Rimbault, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A. xxxv. A Poem to the Memory of William Congreve, by James Thomson. Edited by Peter Cunningham, Esq. N 5 274 PRINTING CLUBS. xxxvi. The Pleasant Conceits of Old Hobson, the Merry Londoner, 1607. Edited by J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S., F.SA. xxx\n. Maroccus Extaticus; or, Banke's Bay Horse in a Trance, 1597. Edited by E. F. Rimbault, Esq., LL.D. F.S.A. xxxvin. Lord Mayors' Pageants, Part I. ; being collec- tions towards a History of these annual celebrations. Part I. By F. W. Fairholt, Esq., F.S.A. xxxix. The Owl and the Nightingale. An early English Poem. Edited by T. Wright, Esq., M. A., F. S. A. xl. Thirteen Psalms, and the First Chapter of Eccle- siastes. Translated into English Verse by John Croke, in the Reign of Henry YIII. Edited by the Rev. P. Bliss, D.C.L. xli. An Historiall Expostulation. Against the Beastlye Abusers, both of Chirurgerie and Physyke, in oure Tyme. By John Halle, 1565. Edited by T. J. Pettigrew, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A. xlii. Old Ballads illustrating the Great Frost of 1683 — 1684, and the Fair on the River Thames. Edited by E. F. Rimbault, Esq , LL.D., F. S. A. xliii. Lord Mayor's Pageants, Part II. ; containing speci- mens of Dekker, Heywood, Tatham, and Jordan. Edited by F. W. Fairholt, Esq., F.S.A. xliv. The Hones tie of this Age. By Barnaby Rich, 1611. Edited by Peter Cunningham, Esq. xlv. Reynard the Fox. From Caxton's Edition. Edited by W. J. Thoms, Esq., F. S. A. xl vi. The Keen of the South of Ireland ; as illustrative of Irish Political and Domestic History, Manners, Music, and Superstitions. Collected by T. C. Croker, Esq. xlvii. The Poems of John Audelay. A Specimen of the Shropshire dialect in the Fifteenth Century. Edited by J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R. S. xlviii. St. Brandan, a Medieval Legend of the Sea. In English Verse and Prose. Edited by T. Wright, Esq., M. A., F.S.A. xlix. The Romance of the Emperor Octavian. Now first THE PERCY SOCIETY. 275 published from MSS. at Lincoln and Cambridge. Edited by J. O. Halliwell, Esq. l. Six Ballads, with Burdens ; from MSS. in the Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Edited by James Goodwin, B.D. ei. Lyrical Poems, selected from Musical Publications between the Years 1589 and 1600. Edited by J. P. Collier, Esq , F.S A. lii. Friar Bakon's Prophesie : a Satire on the Degeneracy of the Times, a.d. 1604. Edited by J. O. Halliwell, Esq. liii. The Seven Ages. In English Verse. Edited from a Manuscript in the Public Library of the University of Cam- bridge. By T. Wright, Esq., M.A., F.S. A. liv. Popular Songs, illustrative of the French Invasions of Ireland. Part I. Edited by T. C. Croker, Esq. lv. Poetical Miscellanies, from a Manuscript Collec- tion of the Time of James the First. Edited by J. O. Hal- liwell, Esq. lvi. The Crown Garland of Golden Poses, Part II. From the edition of 1659. lvii. Barnfield's Aefectionate Shepherd. Reprinted from the almost unique copy in Sion College Library. By J. O. Halliwell, Esq. lviii. Scottish Traditional Versions of Ancient Bal- lads. Edited by James H. Dixon, Esq. lix. The Life and Martyrdom of Thomas Beket, Arch- bishop of Canterbury. Edited by W. H. Black, Esq. lx. The Pastime of Pleasure ; an Allegorical Poem. By Stephen Hawes. lxi. The Civic Garland. A Collection of Songs from London Pageants. Edited by F. W. Fairholt, Esq., F. S. A. lxii. Ancient Poems, Ballads, and Songs of the Pea- santry of England. Edited by J. H. Dixon, Esq. lxiii. The Romance of Syr Tryamoure. Edited by J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S., F.S. A. lxiv. The Introductory Essay on the Romance of the Seven Sages. By T. Wright, Esq., M. A., F. S. A. n 6 276 PRINTING CLUBS. lxv. A Dialogue of Wit and Folly. By John Hey wood "Now first printed. To which is prefixed an account of that Author, and his Dramatic Works, by F. W. Fairholt, Esq , F.S.A. lxvi. A Collection of Proverbs and Popular Sayings, relating to the Seasons, the W eather, and Agricultural Pursuits, gathered chiefly from oral tradition. By M. A. Denham. lxvii. Capture of Carricfergus byTHUROT. Parti. Edited by T. C. Croker, Esq. lxviii. Chaucer's Canterbury Tales. Yol. I. A new Text, with Notes. By T. Wright, Esq., M. A., F. S. A. lxix. The Most Pleasant Song of Lady Bessy ; and how she married King Henry the Seventh, of the House of Lan- caster. Edited by J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R S. lxx. Popular Songs, illustrative of the French invasions of Ireland. Parts III. and IV. Edited with introductions and notes, by T. C. Croker, Esq. THE SHAKE SPE ARE SOCIETY. " The Shakespeare Society " was founded m 1840, to print and to distribute to the Subscribers, books illustrative of Shakespeare and of the Litera- ture of his time. Admission to the Society is made by application to the Agent. The annual subscription is One Pound, due on the 1st of January. There are about twenty Local Secretaries for the delivery of books, &c. ; and the number of Members is about a thousand. The Council consists of twenty-one members, five of whom retire annually; and they meet on the second Tuesday in every month at the Rooms of the Royal Society of Literature, No. 4. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square. A volume entitled « The THE SHAKESPEARE SOCIETY. 277 Shakespeare Society's Papers" is issued at intervals, in order to create a medium for preserving and distributing brief illustrations of the Literature, which is the principal object of the Society. The Annual General Meeting is held on the 26th of April. President — The Most Hon. the Marquis of Conyngham, K.P. Director — J. P. Collier, F. S. A. Treasurer — Peter Cunningham, Esq. Secretary — F. G. Tomlinson, Esq., 9. Great New- port Street, Leicester Square. WORKS ISSUED BY THE SHAKESPEARE SOCIETY. i. Memoirs of Alleyn, Founder of Dulwich College. By J. P. Collier, Esq. 1841 ii. Gosson's School of Abuse. With Introduction, &c. 1841 in. Hey wood's Apology for Actors. With Introduction, &c. 1841 iv. The Coventry Mysteries. Edited by J. O. Halliwell 7 Esq. With Introduction and Notes. 1841 v. Thynn's Pride and Lowliness. With Introduction, Notes, &c. 1841 vi. Patient Grissell, A Comedy, by Dekker, Chettle, and Haughton. Edited by J. P. Collier, Esq. 1841 vn. Extracts from the Accounts of the Revels at Court in Elizabeth and James's Reigns. With Introduction and Notes by P. Cunningham, Esq. 1842 278 PRINTING CLUBS. vm. Jonson's Conversations with Drummond. Introduc- tion, &c, by D. Laing, Esq, 1842 ix. First Sketch of the Merry Wives of Windsor. The Novels on which it is founded, and an Introduction and Notes, by J. O. Halliwell, Esq. 1842 x. Fools and Jesters ; with Armin's Nest of Ninnies, &c. Introduction, &c, by J. P. Collier, Esq. 1842 xi. The Old Play of Timon. Now first printed. Edited by Eev. A. Dyce. 1842 xii. Nash's Pierce Pennilesse. With Introduction, &c, by J. P. Collier, Esq, 1842 xm. Heywood's King Edward the Fourth. With Intro- duction and Notes by Barron Field, Esq. 1842 xiv. Northbrooke's Treatise. With an Introduction, &c. by J. P. Collier, Esq. 1843 xv. The First Sketches of the Second and Third Parts of Henry the Sixth. With Introduction and Notes by J. O. Halliwell, Esq, 1843 xvi. Oberon's Vision Illustrated. By the Eev. A. J. Halpin. In Three Parts. 1843 xvii. The Chester Whitsun Plays, Part I. With Intro- duction and Notes by T. Wright, Esq. 1843 xvin. The Alleyn Papers, illustrative of the Early En- glish Stage. With Introduction by J. P. Collier, Esq. 1843 xix. Tracts by Forde the Dramatist. With Introduction by J. P. Collier, Esq. 1343 xx. Tarlton's Jests and Tarlton's Newes out of Pur- gatory. With a Life, &c, by J. O. Halliwell, Esq. 1844 THE SHAKESPEARE SOCIETY. 279 xxi. The True Tragedie of Richard the Third, from a unique Copy ; and the Latin Play of Richardus Tertius, from a Manuscript. Edited by Barron Field, Esq. 1844 xxn. The Ghost of Richard the Third ; a Poem. Edited by J. P. Collier, Esq. 1844 xxiii. Sir Thomas More ; a Play. Edited by the Rev. A, Dyce. 1844 xxiv. Vol. I. of the Shakespeare Society's Papers ; being a Miscellany of Contributions Illustrative of the Objects of the Society. 1844 xxv. The Taming of a Shrew. To which is added, the Woman lapped in Morrel Skin. Edited by Thomas Amyot, Esq. 1844 xxvi. Illustrations of the Fairy Mythology of Shake- speare. By J. O. Halliwell, Esq. 1845 xxvii. A Reprint of a Unique Contemporary Manuscript, lately discovered, of the First Part and a portion of the Second Part of Shakespeare's Henry the Fourth. Edited by J. O. Halliwell, Esq. 1845 xxviii. The Diary of Philip Henslowe, from 1591 to 1609. Printed from the Original Manuscript preserved at Dulwich College. Edited by J. P. Collier, Esq. 1845 xxix. Vol. II. of the Shakespeare Society's Papers. Con- sisting of Miscellaneous Contributions. 1845 xxx. The Fair Maid of the Exchange ; a Comedy, by Thomas Heywood : and Fortune by Land and Sea ; a Tragi- comedy, by Thomas Heywood and William Rowley. Edited by Barron Field, Esq. 1846 xxxi. The Marriage of Wit and Wisdom; an Ancient Interlude. Edited by J. O. Halliwell, Esq. 1846 280 PRINTING CLUBS. xxxn. Memoirs of the Principal Actors in Shakespeare's Plays, enumerated in the folio of 1623. By J. P. Collier, Esq. 1846 xxxiii. Rich's Farewell to Militarie Profession, con- taining the story of " Twelfth Night," " Philotus " " The Weak- est goeth to the Wall," &c. From the edition of 1581. 1846 SOCIETY FOK THE PUBLICATION OF ORIENTAL TEXTS. " The Society fob. the Publication of Oriental Texts" was founded in 1841, for the purpose of enabling Learned Orientalists to print standard works in the Syriac, Arabic, Persian, Turk- ish, Sanscrit, Chinese, and other languages of the East, by defraying, either wholly or in part, the cost of such printing and publication. The gentlemen by whom it was instituted had long felt that the study of Oriental Literature was greatly retarded and embarrassed in this country, by the absence of books upon the subject, and by the imperfections of those which exist. Many of the most important exist only in Manuscript, and others cannot be seen except at some of our Public Libraries. The Members of this Society are Sixty-nine in number, and each subscribes Two Guineas annually, for which he is entitled to a large-paper copy of every work published by the aid of this Fund. It is evident that this Society, having an important public object in view, cannot confine the issue of its volumes to its own members : on the contrary, the public are SOCIETY FOR PUBLISHING ORIENTAL TEXTS. 281 respectfully invited either to subscribe or to purchase, and the prices affixed to the individual volumes average only about Twelve and sixpence. President — Horace Hay man Wilson, A. M. a F.K.S., M.B.A.S., Ph.D., Boden Professor of Sanscrit in the University of Oxford. Treasurer — William H. Morley, 15. Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, London. Hon. Secretary — Rev. W. Cureton, M. A., F. R. S., at the House of the Royal Asiatic Society, 14. Grafton Street, Bond Street. WORKS ALREADY PUBLISHED. I. SYRIAC. 1. Theophania; or, Divine Manifestation of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, by Eusebius, Bishop of C^esarea. Edited, from an ancient Manuscript recently discovered, by Professor Samuel Lee, D.D. II. ARABIC. 1. Book of Religious and Philosophical Sects. By Mu- hammad Al-Shahrastani. Parts I. and II., complete. Edited by the Rev. William Cureton. 2. Biographical Dictionary of Illustrious Men, chiefly at the Beginning of Islamism, Parts I. — VIII. By Yahya Al-ISTawawt. Edited by Dr. Ferdinand Wustenfeld. 3. Pillar of the Creed of the Sunnites : being a Brief Ex- position of their Principal Tenets. By Hafidh-al-Din Abu l- Barakat Abd-Allah Al-Nasafi. To which is subjoined a shorter Treatise of a similar Nature, by Najm-al-Din Abu Hafs Umar Al-Nasafi. Edited by the Rev. William Cureton. m. SANSCRIT. 1. The Sama-veda. Edited by the Rev. G. Stevenson. Printed under the Superintendence of Professor H. EL Wilson. 282 PRINTING CLUBS. 2. The Dasa Kumaba Chabita. Edited by Professor H. H. Wilson. IV. PERSIAN. 1. The Tbeasuby of Secbets, by Shaikh Nizami of Gan- jah. Part I. containing the Text. Edited by N. Bland, Esq. THE AELFRIC SOCIETY. " The Aelfric Society " was founded in 1842 ; for the publication of those Anglo-Saxon and other literary monuments, both civil and ecclesiastical, tending to illustrate the early state of England, which have either not yet been given to the world, or of which a more correct and convenient edition may be deemed desirable. The works are published in parts, so as to form when complete, uniform octavo volumes containing the Anglo- Saxon originals with a translation ; and in considering the order of pub- lication, the Council give attention in the first in- stance, to such works as have never yet been printed. The Society takes its name from Aelfric or Alfric, Archbishop of Canterbury, — ob. 1006 — whose col- lection of Homilies and Grammar of the Latin have obtained for him a celebrity even in our own times. The members of the Society are not to exceed 500, and each subscriber pays One Pound on Ad- mission, besides One Pound annually. Any Mem- ber may compound for entrance and all annual subscriptions, by the payment of Twelve Pounds. There are seventeen members of Council, including a Director, and a Treasurer and Secretary. The THE CHETHAM SOCIETY. 283 annual subscription is due at the 1st of January. There are Six Local Secretaries. Letters, post paid, are to be addressed to the Secretary, William S. Thorns, Esq., care of Mr. Pickering, Bookseller, 117. Piccadilly. A list of the works issued by the Aelfric Society, is given below, — there are many others of great Historic interest in progress, about three fourths of which have never yet been published. President — The Right Hon. the Earl of Ellesmere. Director — Charles P. Cooper, Q. C, F. R. S., F. S. A. Treasurer j wmiam ^ Th R g> A Secretary J WOEKS ISSUED BY THE AELFRIC SOCIETY. For 1843—1846. i. The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church (Aelfric). Yol. I. Edited by Benjamin Thorpe, Esq., F. S. A. ii. The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church (Aelfric). Yol. II. Edited by Benjamin Thorpe, Esq., F. S. A. in. The Poetry of the Codex Yercellensis. Edited by John M. Kemble, Esq., M. A. iv. The Anglo-Saxon Dialogues of Solomon and Sa- turnus, and Adrian and Ritheus ; with Introduction and Notes. Edited (from original MSS.) by John M. Kemble, Esq., M. A. THE CHETHAM SOCIETY.