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155 Evelyn, John (of Wotton, Diarist, Connoissi 
 
 and litterateur, 1620-1705)— Sculptura, the Art of Engravirg/v 
 Copper, with lists of Masters and their works, also a new mannci. 
 of engraving in " Mezzo Tintol^ by H. H, Prince Rupert, 8vo," 
 origl. cf. neat, 1755 . £,-2. 7s 6d 
 
 Rare. 2nd and best edition corrected from author's copy of the first (1662^, with fine etched 
 portrait of Evelyn by Thos. Worlidge, folding mezzotint by Prince Rupert, and other 
 plates. Index of painters added in a neat contemporary hand. 
 
 Kalendarium Hortense ; or the Gar- 
 dener's Almanac. loth ed., with many useful additions by John 
 Evelyn, Fellow of the Royal Society. Frontisp. 8vo, stamped 
 sh., Lond., 1706 12s 6d 
 
 Acetaria, a discourse of Sallets. 
 
 Rare. 2nd ed., 8vo, hf. cf., Loud., 1706 15s 
 
 156 
 
 157 
 

 
. r 
 
Ly (2?l^yty7t 0^: CZ 
 
SCULPTURA; 
 
 OR, THE 
 
 History and Art 
 CHALCOGRAPHY, 
 
 AND 
 
 Engraving in Copper: 
 
 WITH 
 
 An ample Enumeration of the moft renowned 
 MASTERS and their WpRKS. 
 
 To which is annexed, 
 
 A New Manner of Engraving, or Me z z o t i n t o. 
 
 Communicated by 
 
 HisHighnefs Prince RUPERT 
 
 TO THE 
 
 Author of this Tr.eatise, 
 
 JOHN EVELYN, Efq; 
 
 The Second Edition. 
 
 Containing feme Corrections and Additions taken from the Margin of 
 
 the Author's printed Copy; an Etching of his Head, by 
 
 Mr. WoRLiDGE J anexaft Copy of the Mezzotinto 
 
 done by Prince Rupert, by Mr. Houstonj 
 
 a Translation of all the Greek 
 
 and Latin Paflages ; and 
 
 Memoirs of the Author's Life. 
 
 Implevi eum Spiritu Dei, fapientia, et intelligentia, et fcientia in cmni opere, 
 ad excogitandum quicquid fabrefieri poteft ex auro, etargento, etare, 
 marmore, et gemmis, et diverfitate hgnorum. 
 
 Exodus, cap. xxxi, ctcap. xxxv. 
 
 LONDON: 
 Printed for J. PAYNE, at Pope's Head, 
 in Pater-Noster Row. 
 M.DCC.LV. 
 
T O 
 
 Sir JOHN EVELYN, Bart. 
 
 Fellow of the Royal Society, 
 This New Edition 
 
 OF THE 
 
 HISTORY OF CHALCOGRAPHY, 
 
 ^Written by his Learned Grandfather, 
 
 JOHN EVELYN, Esq.; 
 
 Is RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, 
 
 BY HIS MOST OBEDIENT AND 
 
 VERY HUMBLE SERVANT, 
 
 March 4; I7j5t 
 
 JOHN PAYNE. 
 
THE 
 
 L I F 
 
 O F 
 
 John Evelyn 
 
 Non folnm de his omnibus confcripfit artibus •, fed 
 amplius rei rufticae, et militaris etiam, ct medi- 
 cine prSecepta reliquit ; dignus vel ipfo propo- 
 fito, ut eum fcifle omnia ilia credamus. 
 
 QjJ I N T I L I A N . 
 
THE 
 
 I F E 
 
 O F 
 
 John Evelyn 
 
 9 
 
 JOHN EVELYN, the author of the 
 following curious and entertaining work, was 
 born 0<51:ober the thirty firfl, one thoufand 
 fix hundred and twenty, at Wotton in Sur- 
 ry, the feat of his father Richard Evelyn Ef- 
 quire, delightfully fituated in a winding and well- 
 watered valley a few miles from Darking. This 
 family, very ancient and honourable, fiourilhed 
 .originally in Shroplhire j and was firfl fettled at; 
 Wotton, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. 
 Our author was initiated in the rudiments of li- 
 terature, at the free-fchool of Lewes in Suffex ; 
 and was afterwards admitted, as a gentleman com- 
 moner, at Baliol College, in the univerlity of Ox- 
 ford, in one thoufand fix hundred and thirty fe- 
 
 a 2 ven ; 
 
iv The LIFE of 
 
 ven : and having profecuted his academical fludies 
 with dihgence and applaufe for three years, he re- 
 moved to the Middle Temple, in order to add a 
 competent knowledge of the laws of his country 
 to his former philological acquifitions. On the 
 eruption of the civil war, he accompanied Charles 
 the firfl to Oxford -, and there obtained the 
 king's permiffion, under his own hand, to travel 
 into foreign countries, for the improvement and 
 completion of his education. A thirft of know- 
 ledge, of every kind, was the ruling paffion of 
 our author. His mind was not unfurnifhed with 
 fcience, and he was arrived at a proper age to make 
 travelling an ufeful amufement : it was not, there- 
 fore, his deiign, as it is that of too many of our 
 young gentry and nobility, merely, in the admi- 
 rable words of the fatyrift, 
 
 to faunter Europe round. 
 
 And gather every vice on chriftian ground, 
 See every court, hear ev'ry king declare 
 His royal fenfe of operas and the fair -, 
 
 DuNciAD,bookiv. 311. 
 but accurately to obferve the antiquities, arts, re- 
 ligion, laws, learning, manners and cuftoms, ot 
 every country through which he might happen to 
 pafs. An inftance ot which diligence and curio- 
 fity Mr. Boyle hath recorded in his works, vo- 
 lume the fecond, page 206, who received trom our 
 author, whom he confulted on the occafion, a va- 
 luable and exaft account of the method, by which 
 the magazines of fno'.v are preferved in Italy, tor 
 the ufe of the tables of the great and luxurious. 
 During his flay at Rome, he informs us ot an in- 
 cident too remarkable to be omitted, as it may 
 
 ferve 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; v 
 
 ferve to vindicate the memory of an unfortunate 
 and imprudent man, who, however over-zealous 
 for the ceremonies of the church, feems to have 
 been fallly accufed of a propenfity to popery. " I 
 " was at Rome," fays our author, " in the com- 
 " pany of divers of the Enghfh fathers, when the 
 " news of Archbifnop Laud's fufFerings, and a 
 " copy of his ferm.on, came thither. They read 
 " the fermoD, and commented upon it, with no 
 " fmall fatisfadlion and contempt ; and looked on 
 " him, as one that was a great enemy to them, 
 " and flood in their way, whilft one of the black- 
 " eft crimes imputed to him, was, his being po- 
 " pifhly affefted." 
 
 Our author's early affedlion to and ikill in the 
 fine arts, appeared during his travels ; for we find 
 that he delineated on the fpot, the profpe6ls of 
 feveral remarkable places that lie betwixt Rome 
 and Naples -, more particularly, " The three Ta- 
 " verns or the Forum of Appius," mentioned in the 
 twenty eighth chapter of the Acts ; " The Pro- 
 " montory of Anxur ; A Profpedl of Naples 
 " from Mount Vefuvius ; A Prolped: of Vefuvi- 
 *' us, as it appears towards Naples -, The mouth 
 " of Mount Vefuvius : " all thefe were en- 
 graved from our author's ficetches by Ho are, an 
 artift of charafter at that time. Architedlure, 
 Painting and Sculpture, he ~ particularly ftudied, 
 CON AMORE, as the Italians fpeak ; and he feems 
 to have contracted an acquaintance with thofe per- 
 fons, who were moft eminent in each branch of 
 thefe arts, which conftitute the chief ornaments of 
 human life. Nanteuil, the famous French en- 
 graver, feems to have been his particular favourite ; 
 
 a 3 whoj 
 
VI The life of 
 
 •who, befides drawing a portrait of him in black 
 and white with Indian ink, engraved a print of 
 him in m,dc,l, mentioned in the catalogue of his 
 works publifhed by Flore nt le Comte, in his 
 Cabinet des fingularites d' architefture, peinture, 
 fculpture, et graveure, in three volumes, oftavo, 
 printed at Bruffels in m,dcc,ii, under the follow- 
 ing title : " Yvelin, dit le petit milord Anglois, 
 *' ou le portrait grec ; parcequ'il y a du grec au 
 *' bas: ou eft ecrit auffi, meliora retinete. The 
 Greek fentcnce is taken from Isocrates's ora- 
 tion to Nicocles : EovKou ras uxovcl^j t»j5 ctpeT};^ 
 r)7toyi.vv\fJLcL ficiWov, yj rav aafxcLTo^ x.cLTo.Xi'Triiv. 
 Let your pi6lures rather preferve the memory of 
 your virtues, than of your perfon. 
 
 Mr. Evelyn returned to Paris, in one thou- 
 fand fix hundred and forty feven ; and having let- 
 ters recommendatory to Sir Richard Browne, 
 his majefty's minifter there, he made his addrelTes to 
 his only daughter MARY,whom he foon after mar- 
 ried, and by whom he became poflefled of Sayes- 
 Court near Deptford in Kent, where he refided ^- 
 ter he returned to England, which happened about 
 one thoufand fix hundred and fifty one -, fo that he 
 Ipent the greateil part of feven years, being fome- 
 times in England, in his travels. To this lady, 
 the chara<fler of the celebrated As pas i a might be 
 applied: fhe was x.<i\y) x,a,i (70(p>i " both beau - 
 " tiful and wife ; " and added to her natural and 
 acquired abilities, a gentle and tender temper. 
 
 Sometime before this period he had com- 
 menced author ; and the following pieces feem to 
 be the firft productions of his pen : "Of Liberty 
 " and Servitude, i2mo. m,dc,xlix," tranflated 
 from the French, I am inclined to believe from 
 
 Stephen 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; vil 
 
 Stephen de la Boetie, the intimate friend of 
 MoNTAGNE : *' A Charader of England, as. it 
 " was lately prefented to a Nobleman of France, 
 " with Refleftions on Gallus Callratus, M,DC,Lr. 
 ** The State of France, 8vo. m,dc,lii. An 
 " ElTay on the firfl book of Lucretius, inter- 
 " preted and made into englilh verfe, 8vo. 
 " M,Dc,Lvi." This tranflation was decorated by a 
 frontifpiece, defigned by his ingenious lady Mrs, 
 Mary Evelyn , and by a panegyrical copy of 
 vcrfes by Mr. Waller; in which, after he has 
 obferved that " we had now tranflations of almofl 
 " all the claflics, but that Lucretius feemed 
 " too difficult to be happily rendered into cnglilh,'* 
 he concludes as follows ; 
 
 Lucretius, like a fort, did fland 
 Untouched, 'till your viftorious hand 
 Did from his head this garland bear. 
 Which now upon your own you wear : 
 A garland, made of fuch new bays. 
 And fought in fuch untrodden ways. 
 As no man's temples e'er did crown. 
 Save this great author's and your own ! 
 which conclufion alludes to thofe lines of Lugre^ 
 Tius himfelf ; 
 
 -juvatque novos decerpere flores, 
 
 Unde prius nulli velarint tempora mufre. 
 
 To thefe tranflations he added, the year fol- 
 lowing, two others of utility to the public, which 
 he feems always principally to have confulted : 
 One was intitled, " The French Gardener ; in- 
 " flruding how to cultivate all forts of fruit-trees 
 *' and herbs, for the garden. London M,Dc,Lviir. 
 a 4 " 8vo." 
 
vlii The LIFE of 
 
 " 8vo." The other, " The Golden book of St. 
 " Chryfoftom, concerning the Education of Chil- 
 " drjen. London m,dc,lix. i2mo." 
 
 The confufions and tumults of the civil war, 
 fo unpropitious to every mufe, confined our author 
 to a ciofe retirement at his elegant feat of Sayes- 
 court. Diigufted with the melancholy view of 
 public affairs, it was about this time he formed a 
 proje6l for a fociety of learned men ; which, be- 
 caufe it exhibits an agreeable portrait of his phi- 
 lofophic and contemplative mind, is here inferted 
 at large. It is addrefled to the honourable Mr. 
 Robert Boyle, that other ornament of his age 
 and nation. 
 
 * " I propofe the purchafing of thirty or forty 
 *' acres or land, in fome healthy place, not above 
 " twenty five miles from London ; of which a 
 '*= good part fhould be tall wood, and the reft up- 
 " land paftures, or downs fweetly irrigated. If 
 " there were not already ahoufe, which might be 
 *' converted, &c. we would ered:, upon the moft 
 " convenient fite of this, near the wood, our 
 " building, viz. one handfome pavillion, con- 
 " taining a refedory, library, withdrawing-room, 
 " and a clofet ; this the firft ftory : for we fup^ 
 *' pofe the kitchen, larders, cellars and offices, 
 " to be contrived in the half ftory under ground. 
 " In the fecond fliould be a fair lodging chamber, 
 " a pallet-room, a gallery and a clofet ; all which 
 " ftiould be w^ell and very nobly furniftied, for 
 " any worthy perfon that might defire to ftay any 
 
 * Boyle's Works^ Vol. 2. p. 398. 
 
 " tirnei 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; ix 
 
 " time, and for the reputation of the college : 
 " the half flory above, for fervants, wardrobes, 
 " and like conveniences. To the entry fore front 
 " of this court, and at the other back front, a 
 " plot walled in, of a competent fquare for the 
 *' common feraglio, difpofed into a garden ; or it 
 " might be only carpet, kept curioufly, and to 
 " ferve for bowls, walking, or other recreations, 
 " &c. if the company pleafe. • Oppolite to the 
 " houfe, towards the wood, fliould be erefted a 
 " pretty chapel ; and, at equal diftances, even 
 " within the flanking walls of the fquare, fix a- 
 " partments or cells for the members of the foci- 
 " ety, and not contiguous to the pavillion ; each 
 " whereof fhould contain a fmali bed-chamber, 
 " an outward room., a clofet, and a private gar- 
 ** den, fomewhat after the manner of the Carthu- 
 " fians. There fhould likewife be an elaboratory, 
 " with a repofitory for rarities and things of na- 
 " ture ; an aviary, dove-houfe, phyfic-garden, 
 " kitchen-garden, and a plantation of orchard- 
 *' fruit, &c. all uniform buildings, but of fnig!c 
 " ftories, or a little elevated. At convenient di- 
 *' fiance, towards the olitory garden, fhould be 
 *' a ftable for two or three horfes, and a lodging 
 " for a fervant or two. Laftly, a garden-houfe 
 *' and confervatory for tender plants. The efli- 
 *' mate amounts thus : the pavillion, four hundred 
 " pounds ; the chapel, one hundred and fifty 
 " pounds ', apartments, walls, and outhoufmg, 
 ''' fix hundred pounds ; the purchafe of the tee 
 *' for thirty acres, at fifteen pounds per acre, eigh- 
 ** teen years purchafe, four hundred pounds : the 
 ^' total, fifteen hundred and fifty pounds ; fixteen 
 
 " hundred 
 
X • The life of 
 
 " hundred pounds will be the utmofl. Three of the 
 *' cells or apartments, that is, one moiety with 
 *' the appurtenances, fliall be at the difpofal of 
 " one of the founders, and the other half at the 
 *' others. If I and my wife take up tv/o apart- 
 *' ments (for we are to be decently afunder how- 
 " ever I ftipulate, and her inclination will greatly 
 *' fuit with it) that fhall be no impediment to the 
 " fociety, but a coniiderable advantage to the 
 " occonomic part ; a third fliall be for fome wor- 
 *' thy perfon : and to facilitate die reft, I offer to 
 " furnifh the whole pavillion compleatly, to the 
 *.' value of five hundred pounds, in goods and 
 " moveables, if need be for feven years, till there 
 " Ihall be a public ftock, &c. There Ihall be 
 <' maintained at the public charge, only a chap- 
 «> lain well qualified ; an antient woman to drefs 
 <« the meat, wafh, and do all fuch offices ; a man 
 f to buy provifion, keep the garden, horfes, &c. 
 *' a boy to affift him, and ferve within. At one 
 " meal a day, of two diflies only, unlefs fome 
 " little extraordinary upon particular days or oc- 
 " cafions (then never exceeding three) of plain 
 «' and wholefome meat •, a fmall refeftion at night ; 
 " wine, beer, fugar, fpice, bread, filh, fowl, 
 " candles, foap, oats, hay, fuel, &c. at four 
 " pounds per week ; two hundred pounds per 
 «' annum : wages, fifteen pounds ; keeping the 
 " gardens, twenty pounds ; the chaplain twenty 
 ** pounds per annum. Laid up in the treafury 
 *' one hundred and forty five pounds, to be em- 
 " ployed for books, inftruments, drugs, trials, 
 *' &c. The total four hundred pounds a year, 
 
 " comprehending 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; xi 
 
 comprehending the keeping of two horfes for 
 the chariot, or the laddie, and two kine. So 
 that two hundred pounds per annum, will be 
 the utmoft that the founders fhall be at to main- 
 tain the whole fociety, confiding of nine per- 
 fons (the fervants included j ) though there 
 fhould no others join capable to alleviate the 
 expence : but, if any of thofe who defire to be 
 of the fociety, be fo well qualified as to fup- 
 port their own particulars, and allow for their 
 proportion, it will yet much diminiili the 
 charge j and of fuch there cannot want fome 
 at all times, as the apartments are empty. If 
 either of the founders thinks expedient to alter 
 his condition, or that any thing do humani- 
 Tus coNTiNGERE ; he may rcfigu to another, 
 or fell to his colleague, and difpofe of it as he 
 pleafes ; yet fo as it ftill continue the infbitution. 
 Orders. At 'fix in fummer, prayers in the 
 chapel. To fi:udy 'till half an hour after ele- 
 ven. Dinner in the refeftory till one. Retire 
 till four. Then call to converfation (if the 
 weather invite) abroad, elfe in the refeftory. 
 This never omitted but in cafe of ficknefs. 
 Prayers at feven. To bed at nine. In the 
 winter the fame ; with fome abatements for the 
 hours, becaufe the nights are tedious, and the 
 evening's converfation more agreeable. This 
 in the refe6tory. All play interdided, fans 
 bowls, chefs, &c. Every one to cultivate his 
 own garden. One month in fpring, a courle 
 in the elaboratory on vegetables, &c. In the 
 winter, a month on other experiments. Every 
 
 *' man 
 
xii The LIFE of 
 
 ** man to have a key of the elaboratory, pavillion, 
 " Hbrary, repofitory, &c. Weekly fafl. Com- 
 " munion once every fortnight, or month at lead. 
 " No flranger eafily admitted to vifit any of the 
 " fociety, but upon certain days v/eekly ; and 
 " that only after dinner. Any of the fociety 
 " m.ay have his commons to his apartment, if he 
 " will not meet in the refediory ; fo it be not a- 
 " bove twice a week. Every Thurfday- fiiall be 
 *' a mufic meeting at converlation hours. Every 
 " perfon ot the fociety ihall render fome public 
 " account of his ftudies weekly, if thought fit -, 
 " and efpecially, fhall be recommended the pro- 
 " motion of experimental knowledge, as the 
 " principal end of the inftitution. There Ihall 
 " be a decent habit and uniform ufed in the col- 
 " lege. One month in the year may be Ipent in 
 " London, or any of the univerfities ; or in a 
 " perambulation for the public benefit, &c. with 
 *' what other orders fhall be thought conveni- 
 " ent." 
 
 The moment any profpedl appeared of the ex- 
 iled king's refloration, our author, like a good 
 patriot, quitted philofophy for politics •, and, at a 
 very important junfture, publilhed a pamphlet of 
 great fpirit, an account of which we fliall give in 
 the words of the authors of Biographia Bri- 
 
 TANNICA. 
 
 " The condu6l of Mr. Evelyn in this cri- 
 " tical year, m,dc,lix, which was in truth the 
 " moft active in his whole life, is hardly taken 
 *' notice of by any of thofe who have undertaken 
 " to preferve his memoirs -, and, therefore, 
 
 "we 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; xiii 
 
 *< we will endeavour to give the reader as much 
 " hght into it as poflible. After the death ot 
 '« Oliver, and the dcpofition of Richard 
 " X^ROMWELL, there v/ere many of the comm.an- 
 " dcrs in the army that fhev/ed an inchnation to 
 " reconcile themfclves to the king-, which dif- 
 '< pofition of theirs was very much encouraged, 
 *' by fuch as had his Majelty's intereft truly at 
 «« heart. Among thefe, Mr. Evelyn had a 
 " particular eye upon Colonel FIerbert Mor- 
 " LEY,* an old experienced ofhcer in the padia- 
 « ment army, who had two ftout regiments en- 
 " tirely at his devotion, was very much efteemed 
 « by his party, and had the general reputation of 
 " being a perfon of great probity and honour. 
 " It was a very dangerous ftep as things then 
 " ftood, to make any advances to one in his fitu- 
 " ation ; yet Mr. Evelyn, confidering how 
 " much it might be in that gentleman's power 
 " to facilitate the king's return, fairly ventured 
 " his life, by advifmg the Colonel freely to make 
 " his peace with and enter into the fervice of the 
 *^ king. The Colonel, as might well be expedled,' 
 " aded coldly and cautiouily at firft ; but at laft 
 " accepted Mr. Evelyn's offer, and defired him 
 *' to make ufe of his interell to procure a pardon 
 " for himielf, and fome of his relations and 
 " friends whom he named -, promiiing, in return, 
 " to give all the afTiftance in his power to the 
 
 * Baker's Chronicle with Additions. London MjDc,xcvi. 
 folio, p. 66i. 
 
 " royal 
 
xiv The LIFE of 
 
 " royal caufe. At the fame time that Mr. Eve-- 
 " LYN carried on this dangerous intercourle with 
 *•' Colonel MoRLEY, he formed a relblution of 
 '■'■ publilliingibmething that might take off the edge 
 *' of that inveteracy, exprclTed by thofe who had 
 " been deepefl: in the parUament's intereft, againfl 
 " fuch as had always adhered to the king ; and 
 " with this view he wrote a fmall treatife v/hich 
 *' had the defired efFeft, and was fo generally 
 " well received, that it ran through three im- 
 " preffions that year : the title of this piece 
 " was,"* An apology for the royal party, writ- 
 ten in a letter to a perfon of the late council of 
 flate -, with a touch at the pretended plea of the 
 army. London, m,dc,lix. in two fheets in 
 4to. 
 
 " But while Mr. Evelyn, and other gen- 
 " tlemen of his feritiments, were thus employed, 
 " thofe of the contrary party were not idle ; and 
 •' amongft thefe one Marchmont Needham, 
 *' who firil wrote with great bitternefs tor the 
 *' king againfl the parliament, and afterwards 
 " with equal acrimony for the parliament a- 
 " gainft the king, was induced to pen that piece 
 " mentioned in the text, which was defervedly 
 " reckoned one of the moft artful and dangerous 
 *' contrivances, for impeding that healing fpirit 
 " which began now to fpread itfelf through the 
 " nation ; and with that view was handed to the 
 " prefs by Praise-God-Barebone, one ot" the 
 *' iierceft zealots in thofe times ; the title of 
 
 * Ath.Oxon. Vc], I col. 942. 
 
 " which 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq-, xv 
 
 '* which at large runs thus,"* News from Bruf- 
 
 fells ; in a letter from a near attendant on his ma- 
 
 jefly's perfon, to a perfon of honour here, dated 
 
 March loth, m,dc,lix. " The defign of this 
 
 '* pretended letter, was to reprefent the character 
 
 " of king Charles the fecond in as bad a lio-ht 
 
 *' as poffible, in order to deflroy the favourable 
 
 " impreilions that many had received of his na- 
 
 " tural inclination to mildnefs and clemency. All 
 
 " the king's friends were extremely alarmed at this 
 
 *' attempt, and faw plainly that it would be at- 
 
 " tended with moft pernicious confequences : but 
 
 " Mr, Evelyn, v/ho had as quick a forefight as 
 
 '* any of them, refolved to lofe no time iri fur- 
 
 " nilhing an antidote againll this poifon ; and 
 
 " with great diligence and dexterity fent abroad, 
 
 " in a week's time, a compleat anfwer, which bore 
 
 " the following title," The late news or meflage 
 
 from Bru0ells unmafked- London, m,dc,lix. 
 
 4to. 
 
 " This was certainly a very feafonable and a 
 " very important fervice ; which, for his own 
 " fafety, our author managed with fuch fecrecy, 
 " that hardly any body knew from whom this 
 " pamphlet came. But how much foever he had 
 " reafon to be pleafed with the fuccefs of his pen 
 *' upon this occafion, he could not help being 
 ** extremely mortified at the change he perceived 
 " in his friend Colonel Morley's behaviour, 
 " who of a fudden grew very filent and referved, 
 '* and at length plainly avoided any private con- 
 
 * Kijjnet's Hiftorlcal Regilter. p. 117. 
 
 " verfatioii 
 
xvi The LIFE of 
 
 " verfation with Mr. Evelyn. In this fituation 
 
 " our author had the courage to write him an ex- 
 
 " poftulatory letter, which was in effect putting 
 
 " his hfe into his hands •, and yet even this failed 
 
 *' of procuring him the fatisfadion he expeded : 
 
 " however, he felt no inconvenience from it ; for 
 
 " this alteration in Colonel Morley's counte- 
 
 " nance towards him, was not at all the effedls of 
 
 " any change in his difpofition, but arofe from 
 
 " his having entered into new engagements for 
 
 " the king's fervice wich Sir Anthony Ashley 
 
 *' Cooper, and General Monk j* who had tied 
 
 " him down to fuch abfolute fecrecy, that he was 
 
 *' not able, at that juncture, to give Mr. Eve- 
 
 " LYN any hint that might make him eafy : but 
 
 " by degrees thefe clouds were difpelkd •, and he 
 
 " faw plainly enough from the Colonel's public 
 
 **• behaviour, that he had no reafon to apprehend 
 
 " any mifchief from the confidence he had repofed 
 
 " in him." 
 
 Having been gracioufly and gratefully received 
 by the Idng at his return, he was choien by his 
 majefty to draw up " A Narrative of a difpute and 
 " quarrel for precedence, that happened between 
 " the Spanilh and French ambailadors," which 
 had like to have been attended with troublefome 
 confequences. In the year m,dc,lxi. our author 
 produced four pieces more : " A Fenegyric at his 
 *' Majefty King Charles the fecond his Corona- 
 
 * Baker's Chron. contiaued by E, Phillips, London, 
 5,i,DC,Lxxiv. fol, p. 72Z, 
 
 " tion. 
 
JOI^N EVELYN, Efq; xvli 
 
 " tion, London, folio, m,dc,lxi •, Inftruftions 
 ** concerning the eredling of a Library, tranllated 
 ** from Gabriel Nande, with fome improve- 
 "" ments, London, m,dc,lxi 8vo ; Fumifu- 
 *' gium, or the inconveniences of the air and the 
 " fmoke of London difTipated, m,dc,lxi. 4to ; 
 " Tyrannus, or the Mode ; in a difcourfe of 
 " fumptuary laws, London, m,dc,lxi. 8vo.'* 
 
 It was about the end of the fucceeding year, 
 that the king eflablifhed the Royal Society, 
 and nominated our author as well qualified to be 
 one of its firft fellows and council ; having jufl: 
 before publifhed his "SCULPTURA, or 
 " Hiftory of Chalcography," which needs 
 no introdu6lory panegyric to recommend it to the 
 reader. When the nation engaged in the Dutch 
 war M,DC,Lxiv, Mr. Evelyn was appointed 
 one of the commiflioners, to infpedl and relieve the 
 fick and wounded, having the ports between Do- 
 ver and Portfmouth in his department. 
 
 The rifing fame of the Royal Society was 
 not a little augmented by our author's publication 
 of that excellent and elegant difcourfe, entitled, 
 " Sylva ; or a difcourfe of Foreft-trees, and the 
 " Propagation of Timber in his Majefty's Do- 
 " minions ; as it was delivered in the Royal 
 " Society the 15th Odober m,dc,lxii. &c." 
 This performance I am inclined to think the moll 
 valuable one that has flowed from our author's 
 pen : it was received with great applaufe, and 
 has ftill continued to preferve its reputation ; for 
 it has pafTcd through five editions in folio, the 
 laft of which appeared in m,dcc,xxix. It is no 
 
 b exaggeration 
 
xviii The LIFE of 
 
 exaggeration to fay, it equals, if not furpafles, 
 
 the works of C a t o and Columella, and 
 
 even Va r r o : 
 
 Et dubitant homines ferere, atque impendere 
 
 curam. Virgil. 
 
 And can the fwains ftill doubt ; and ftill forbear, 
 To plant, to fet, to cultivate with care ? 
 
 As a diligent perufal of this ufeful treatife would 
 animate our gentry, and fupine nobility, to im- 
 prove their eftates, by the unfailing methods there 
 recommended ; fo an attentive ftudy of our au- 
 thor's next work, might, perhaps, contribute to 
 put a ftop to the difproportioned and deformed 
 edifices fo prevailing at prefent, under the names 
 of Gothic and Chinese. This evidence of 
 our author's jufter tafte is entitled, " A Parallel 
 '* of the ancient architecture with the modern 5 
 " in a- colledion of ten principal authors who 
 " have written upon the five orders : From the 
 " French of Roland Fre ART, Sieur de Cambray. 
 *' To which is added, an account of Architeds and 
 " Architedture, in an Hiftorical and Etymologi- 
 " cal Explanation of certain Terms particularly 
 " affedted by Architeds, By John Evelyn. 
 *« F. R. S. London, m,dc,lxiv.'* Architec- 
 ture, one of the nobleft offsprings of judgment 
 and fancy, feems to have been the peculiar ftudy' 
 and delight of this learned family of Evelyn ; 
 as an inftance of which the following anecdotes 
 may be produced, which will not prove unaccep- 
 table to an inquifirive reader. Aubrey in his 
 Surry, Vq], 4, p, 66, informs us, that "Lord 
 
 • " Aylesford 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; xix 
 
 " Aylesford is Lord of the manor of Albury, 
 " who has pulled down great part of the old 
 " buildings •, " to v/hich text this note of 
 J. Evelyn is fubjoined : " My kinfman, Capt. 
 " George Evelyn, who had been a great 
 *' traveller, built the great dining-room and 
 *' apartment for Mr. Henry Howard, after- 
 " wards Duke of Norfolk, in order to a noble 
 '' palace, &c. But the Duke, growing diffolute, 
 *' neglected this defign, and ail other honourable 
 " things. His grandfather, who purchafed Al- 
 " bury, would have fold any eftate he had in 
 " England (Arundel excepted) before he would 
 *' have parted with this his darling villa, as I 
 " can fhew you- in that brave perfon's letter to 
 " me from Padua. J. E." i. e. John Evelyn. 
 And again, page 6S, on Albury we find another 
 note, by John Evelyn. " This invention, of 
 " levelling the hills by waihing down the lands, 
 *' was not found out by Mr. Charles Howard, 
 " but Ihe^ved him by Captain George Evelyn 
 *' fa kinfman of mine) who took away a great 
 " hill of fand at Wotton, which made that 
 " large fquare for the garden there. J. E." 
 
 This fame year alfo our indefatigable writer, 
 ever intent on the public good, puWiflied two 
 treatifes more : " Mot^^ov ryjs Avo^jW •, that is, 
 " Another part of the myftery of Jefuitifm, or 
 " the new herefy of the jefuits ; publicly main- 
 *' tained at Paris in the College of Clermont, the 
 " twelfth of December, m,dc,lxi. This is 
 the only piece of a controverfial turn, lean find 
 among Mr. Evelyn's produ6lions. The next 
 
 b 2 performance 
 
XX The LIFE of 
 
 performance was intitled, " Kalendarium Hor- 
 *' tenfe j or the Gardener's Almanack, diredling 
 " what he is to do monthly throughout the year, 
 " and what fruits and flowers are in prime, 8vo. 
 " London, m,dc,lxiv." The third edition of 
 this work was dedicated to Mr. Cowley, with 
 whom our author maintained a long and inviolable 
 friendfhip j a friendlhip that refledied equal ho- 
 nour on both. As a proof of its warmth and 
 fincerity, 1 cannot forbear the pleafure of tranf- 
 cribing the following eflay of Cowley addrelled 
 to Mr. Evelyn : 
 
 For ftill I love the language of his heart. Pope. 
 
 " I never had any other defirc fo ftrong, and 
 " fo like to covctoufnefs, as that one which I have 
 " had always, that I might be mafter at laft of a 
 " fmall houfe and large garden, with very mode- 
 " rate conveniencies joined to them ; and there de- 
 " dicate the remainder of my life, to the culture of 
 
 " them, and the ftudy of nature. But 
 
 " feveral accidents of my ill fortune have 
 <' difappointed me hitherto, and do flill, of that 
 " felicity : for though I have made the firfl and 
 " hardeil ftep to it, by abandoning all ambitions 
 " and hopes in this world, and by retiring from 
 " the noife of all bufmefs, and almoft company ; 
 " yet I flick ilill in the inn of a hired houfe and 
 " gardens, among weeds and rubbiih, and 
 *« without that pleafantefl work of human in- 
 " duftry, the improvement of fomething which 
 " we call (not very properly, but yet we call) our 
 '* own. I am gone out from Sodom j but I 
 
 *' am 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; xxi 
 
 "am not yet arrived at my little Zoar. O let 
 " me efcape thither (is it not a little one ?) and 
 " my foul Ihall live ! I do not look back yet ; 
 " but I have been forced to flop, and make too 
 " many halts. You may wonder. Sir, for this 
 " feems a little too extravagant and pindaricai 
 " for profe, what I mean by all this preface : 
 " it is to let you know, that though I have mif- 
 " fed, like a chymift, my great end, yet I ac> 
 " count my affeftions and endeavours well reward- 
 *' ed by fomething that I have met with by 
 " the bye ; which is, that they have procured me 
 *' fome part in your kindnefs and efteem, and 
 " thereby the honour of having my name fo 
 " advantageoully recommended to pofterity, by 
 " the epiflle you are pjeafed to prefix to the moft 
 " ufeful book that has been written in that kind, 
 " and which is to laft as long as months and 
 '* years. Among many other arts and excellen- 
 *' cies which you enjoy, I am glad to find this 
 " favourite of mine the moll predominant ; that 
 " you chufe this for your wife, though you 
 " have hundreds of other arts for your concu- 
 " bines : though you know them, and beget fons 
 " upon them all, to which you are rich enough 
 " to allow great legacies ; yet the iiTue of this 
 " feems to be defigned by you to the main of 
 " the eflate ; you have taken mofl pleafure in 
 " it, and bellowed niofl charges upon its edu- 
 " cuation ; and I doubt not to fee that book, 
 " which you are pleafed to promife to the world, 
 " and of which you have given us a laro-e ear- 
 
 b 3 "^ « neft 
 
X5di The LIFE of 
 
 " neft in your Kalender, as accomplillied as .any 
 ** thing can be expefted, from an extraordinary 
 " wit and no ordinary expences, and a long ex- 
 *' perierlce. I know no body that poffelTes more 
 *' private happinefs than yoii do in your garden \ 
 " and yet no man v/ho makes his happineis more 
 *', pubhc, by a free communication of the art 
 *' and knowledge of it to others. All that I 
 " myfelf am able yet to do, is only to recom- 
 *' mend to mankind the fearch of that felicity, 
 'f which you inftrudt them how to find and 
 *' to enjoy. 
 
 " Happy art thou, whom God does blefs 
 '* With the full choice of thine own happinefs ; 
 
 *^ And happier yet, becaufe thou'rt bleft, 
 
 " With prudence how tochufe the beft. 
 *^ In books and gardens thou haft plac'd aright, 
 
 " (Things which thou well do'ft underftand, 
 " And both do'ft make with thy laboroius hand,) 
 
 " Thy noble, innocent delight: 
 ** And in thy virtuous wife, where thou again do'ft 
 " meet 
 
 ** Both pleafurcs more refin'd and fweet ; 
 
 ** The faireft garden in her looks, 
 
 *' And in her mind the wifeft books. 
 '' Oh, who would change thefe foft, yet folid joys, 
 
 " For empty fhews, and fenfelefs noife -, 
 
 *' And all which rank ambition breeds, 
 " Which feem fuch beauteous flowers, and are fuch 
 
 ^^ pois'nous weeds ?'' 
 
 About 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; xxiU 
 About this time the Univerfity of Oxford 
 received a noble and lafting teftimony of Mr. 
 Evelyn's gratitude to the place of his educa- 
 tion : for it was he who prevailed on Lord 
 Howard, afterwards Earl of Norwich, and, on 
 the death of his brother, Duke of Norfolk, to 
 bellow on that Univerfity, the invaluable col- 
 ledtion of hifborical marbles, which had been 
 brought chiefly from the illand of Pharos -, and 
 which contain many curious and authentic infcrip- 
 tions relative to the flate of Athens, and expla- 
 natory of feveral circumflances in the hiftory of 
 Greece. 
 
 These authentic monuments, celebrated through- 
 out Europe, the delight and admiration of all 
 learned travellers, have been very lately removed 
 by an order of the Univerfity into one of the pub- 
 lic fchools, and are there ranged in regular or- 
 der and well preferved. The repofitory is mark- 
 ed over the door, Museum Arundelianum. 
 Lord Howard was alfo ftrongly importuned by ; 
 Mr. Evelyn to fend to Oxford an exquifite 
 flatue of Minerva ; but his fudden death pre- 
 vented its removal from Arundel Houfe in the 
 Strand. 
 
 The nineteenth publication of our author, 
 was thus endtuled : " The Hiftory of the three 
 " late famous Impoftors, viz. Padre Ottoma- 
 " no, pretended fon and heir to the late Grand 
 *' Signior j Mahomet Bei, a pretended prince 
 " of the Ottoman family ; and Sabbatai Levi, 
 :* the fuppofed Mefliah of the Jews ; in the year 
 
 b 4 " MjDCjLXVI. 
 
i-xlv The LIFE of 
 
 " MjDCjLXVi: with a brief account of the 
 '* ground and occafion of the prefent war be- 
 '* tween the Turk and the Venetian, 8vo. Lon- 
 " don, M,Dc,Lxviii." Thefe little hiftories 
 abound with curious fads •, many of which Mr. 
 Evelyn fays he received from the mouth of a 
 Perfian flranger of quality, who had lately re- 
 lided in London. It is worthy notice, that this 
 agreeable piece was highly commended in the 
 Acta Eruditorum Lipsiensium, A. D, 
 M,Dc,xc. p. 605. with this very remarkable 
 circumftance, " that the pretended Mahomet 
 ** Bei was at that very jundlyre in the city of 
 " Leipfic." 
 
 The fucceeding fummer Mr. Evelyn made 
 a journey to Oxford ; and was honoured, by the 
 Univerfity, with the degree of Do6tor of Civil 
 Law, as a teftimony of their gratitude for the 
 favours beflowed on them by his interceffion, as 
 well as becaufe he refleded fame on the Univerfity 
 itfelf from having received his education at Baliol 
 College. 
 
 The hiftory of the life of a man of learning, 
 muft neceffarily be in a great meafure the hiflory 
 of his works, the time, and the occafion of their 
 feveral publications. Sir George Mackenzie, 
 an admired elTay- writer of that age, having, 
 written *' A panegyric on folitude ;" our author, 
 hy wsLj of antidote, publifhed a piece entitled, 
 *^ Public Employment and an A<^ive Life, pre- 
 " ferred to Solitude:" and foon after, he gave 
 the public, <* An Idea of the jperfedion of Paint- 
 
 ** ins:. 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; xxv 
 " ing, demonftrated from the principles of Art, 
 " and by examples conformable to the obferva- 
 " tions which Pliny and Quintilian have made 
 " on the moft celebrated antient Painters. From 
 " the French of Roland Freart, 8vo. London 
 " M,Dc,LXViii." An elegant tafte, and a per- 
 fedl knowledge of this fine art, reign throughout 
 this entertaining little treatife, which amply de- 
 ferves * a new edition as it is now become fcarce. 
 And this is a proper place to add, that our au- 
 thor not only underftood the arts of Painting and 
 Sculpture himfelf, but warmly patronized their 
 moft eminent profefTors. Gibbons, the carver, 
 was by him recommended to Charles the 
 fecond: and Hollar, from the following ac- 
 count of his works, fcems to have lived fome 
 time with our Author at Wolton ; as feveral of 
 the profpe(5ts, enumerated in the catalogue here 
 inferted, lie in the neighbourhood of Wotton. 
 
 Among the — " Profpe6lus aliquot locorum 
 " in diverfis provinciis jacentium, aW, Hollar 
 " Bohemo delineat. et aqua forti asri infculpt, 
 " A. D. m,dc,xliii. Londini" — are the follow- 
 ing EngUfh views : 
 , I, London, from the top of Arundel houfe. 
 
 2. Hascomb-Hill in Surry. 
 
 3. Weston Place in Surry. 
 
 * A correct edition of this book, of the fame fize with thii 
 edition of the Hiftory of Chalcography, is preparing for 
 the preis : to which will be added, a New Pas face. 
 
 4. Ths 
 
XXVI The LIFE of 
 
 4. The Ruins of Bramber-Caflle in SufTcx. 
 
 5. Aula Domus Arundelian^ Londini fep- 
 tenrrion: verfus. 
 
 6. Eadem, Merid: verfus. 
 
 7. Thetford Abbey. 
 
 8. Newark Abbey, in Surry. 
 
 9. Bramber-Castle. 
 
 10. Another view of Ruins of the fame. 
 
 11. Another of the fame. 
 
 12. Quinboro' Caftle in the Ifle of Sheepey. 
 
 English views in — - " Amceniflimi ahquot lo- 
 *' corum in diverfis provinciis jacentium prof- 
 " pedus, a W. Hollar. deHn. et infculpt. 
 *' Londin. m,dc,xliii, et xliv." 
 
 I.. London. Moft beautiful perfpe6tive. 
 
 2. Whitehall, with Lambeth in diftant 
 profpe6l. 
 
 3. Tothill-fields, with London and Weft- 
 minfter at a Diftance. 
 
 4. Windsor. 
 
 5. Aldbury in Surry. * 
 
 . 6. Another view of the fame. 
 
 7. Another of the fame. 
 
 8. Another of the fame, with a diftant 
 view of Sliire. 
 
 9. Another of the fame, with the fteeple of 
 Shire. 
 
 * Mr. W, Hollar has etched twelve different views of this 
 plaee, fo very rare, that none but the oppofite one (viz.N^. 
 5.) could be precured, &c. Aubrey's Surry, v. 4, p. 66. 
 
 10. Another 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; xxvii 
 
 10. Another of the fame. 
 
 The reft are chiefly German profpeds. 
 
 Hollar has engraved fome views in a blacker 
 manner than we commonly find in his pieces, 
 which are admirable. Profpedt. &c. Colonias 
 
 M, DC, XXXV. 
 
 King Charles the fecond refolving to eredl 
 a board of trade, thought he could not fix on a 
 properer perfon for one of its firft members than 
 Mr. Evelyn. How well he was qualified for 
 this commilTion, appears by a treatife he publilhed 
 foon after his nomination, entitled -, " Navigation 
 " and Commerce, their original and progrefs, 
 " 8vo. M,Dc,Lxxiv i" which judges of commer- 
 cial matters have pronounced to contain, in a veiy 
 fmall compafs, the moft material points in that 
 fubje6l of fuch importance to an Englifliman, 
 
 The Royal Society having ordered in one 
 of their aflemblies, in m,dc,lxxv, that every 
 member fhould pronounce a difcourfe on fome 
 fubjed: of experimental philofophy, Mr. Evelyn" 
 prefented them with a treatife entitled, " Terra; 
 ^' a philofophical difcourfe of Earth, relating to 
 " the culture and improvement of it for vegeta- 
 " tion, and the propagation of plants •," which 
 was received with the applaufe due to its exadtnefs 
 and utility. 
 
 Voltaire has fenfibly remarked, that " the 
 " greateft geniulTes have always appeared either be- 
 " fore Academies or Societies, or independently of 
 " them. Homer and Phidias, Sophocles and 
 .** Apelles, Virgil and Vitruvius, Ariosto 
 
 and 
 
xxviii The LIFE of 
 
 " and Michael Angelo, were never of any A- 
 '* cademy ; and Newton was not indebted to the 
 *' Royal Society for any of his difcoveries in Optics, 
 ** Gravitation, Fluxions or Chronology. What 
 " purpofe or end, therefore, do Academies an- 
 " fwer ? or what is their chief utiHty ? Why 
 " to cheriJli, to keep alive, and to diffufe thole 
 " lights, which thele great Geniufes have en- 
 " kindled." 
 
 The winter of m,dc,lxxxiii, being memo- 
 rably fevere, the fine plantations ot our author 
 at Saycs Court fufFered irreparable damage ; of 
 which he gave a philofophical and pathetical 
 account to the Royal Society, the fucceeding 
 fpring. '* This garden was exquifite," fays 
 Mr. North,* *' being moft tofcarefque j and, 
 " as it were, an exemplar of his book of foreft 
 " trees." But the Czar of Mufcovy, who 
 afterwards refided in this houfe of Mr. Eve- 
 lyn, to be near Deptford-Yard, committed al- 
 moft as great devaftations on his delicious garden, 
 as this lamentable froft. 
 
 After . King James afcended the throne, 
 we find our author in December m,dc,lxxxv,J 
 appointed, with the Lord Vifcount Tiviot, and 
 Colonel Robert Phillips, one of the com- 
 miflioners for executing the great office of Lord 
 Privy Seal, in the abfence of Henry Earl of 
 
 * Life of Lord Keeper Guilforp. p. 286. 
 1 BiOGRAPiiiA Britannia; p. 1864; 
 
 Clarendon, 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Elq; xxix 
 
 Clarendon, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 5 which 
 he held till March 11, m,dc,lxxxvi, when 
 the King was pleafed to appoint Henry Baron 
 Arundel of Wardour Lord Privy Seal. He 
 wrote nothing during this reign. 
 
 After the revolution, he was made treafurer of 
 Greenwich hofpital : and notwithilanding his avoca- 
 tions,and the punftualiry he ever obferved in execut- 
 ing his offices, he found leifure to add to his nume- 
 rous and various treatifes already publilhed the 
 three following i " Mundus Muliebris 5 or 
 " the Ladies dreffing room unlocked, and her 
 " toilette fpread. In Burlefque, London, 
 " M,DC,xc, 4to i . Monfieur de la Quintinge's 
 *' treatife of Orange trees, with the raifing of 
 " melons, omitted in the French editions, Lon- 
 " don, M,Dc,xciii." Mr. Evelyn, about 
 twenty years before, received a vifit from Mon- 
 fieur de la Qu IN TINGE, and prevailed on him 
 to communicate to him fome dire(^ions in rela- 
 tion to managing melons, for the cultivation of 
 which Q51N TINGE was remarkably famous -, 
 who, accordingly, tranfmitted them to our au- 
 thor from Paris. The third v/prk was entitled : 
 " Numifmata -, a difcourfe of Medals ancient 
 *' and modern : together with fome account of 
 ** heads and effigies of illullrious perfons, in 
 '* Sculps and Taille Douce, of whom we have 
 *' no medals extant •, and of the ufes to be de- 
 ** rived from them. To which is added, a di- 
 *• greffion concerning Phyfiognomy, London, 
 " MjDCjCxvii, folio." Thq connoiffieurs look 
 
 on 
 
XXX The LIFE of 
 
 on this treatife as one of the beft on the fub- 
 jed in any language : it is faid to have been 
 tranflated into French, and is greatly admired by 
 foreigners of tafte. 
 
 We are now arrived at the laft publication, 
 with which our author enriched the republic of 
 literature ; which bears no fignature of age 
 or impaired abilities, though he was now in 
 his eightieth year. It was called, " Acetaria •, 
 " a Difcourfe of Salletts, by J. E. author of 
 " the Kalendarium, London, 8vo. m,dc,xcix." 
 It was dedicated to Lord Somers, who did, 
 indeed, deferve a dedication : he was the real 
 Memmius of his age ; 
 
 -Quem tu, Dea, tempore in omni, 
 
 Omnibus ornatum voluifti excellere rebus. 
 
 Lucretius, Lib. i. 28. 
 
 Nor was Mr. Evelyn lefs generous in im- 
 parting his knowledge to others, than indefati- 
 gable in compofing himfdf. Bifhop Gibson 
 was by him furnifhed with the Remarks he added 
 to Camden's Britannia, in his account of Surry ; 
 he largely contributed to the valuable works of 
 Mr. * Haughton, and J Mr. Aubrey •, and 
 was ever ready to lend his befb affiftance to any 
 curious enquirer, in any branch of that circle of 
 
 * Haughton's Huniandry. Vol. 4. p. 132.' 
 J Miscellanies, p. 87. 
 
 arts 
 
 I 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; xxxi 
 
 arts and fcienccs, of which he was fo acGompHfhed 
 a mailer. He was, however, accuftorned to ftyle 
 himfelf, humbly, " A Pioneer in the lerviee oi 
 "the Royal Society:" he certainly removed 
 many obftrudlions -, and fmoothed the roads, 
 that led dire(5lly to the temple of Wisdom and 
 Truth. 
 
 If we admire the number and the variety of 
 the pieces he publifhed, that admiration: will be 
 increafed, by a fhort enumeration of his works 
 that remain unpubiiflied, but for the execution of 
 which he had collected the moft valuable mate- 
 rials. His great work was to have been intituled, 
 " A general Hiilory of all Trades :" Of this 
 the Chalcography was a part. Next may be 
 mentioned five treatiies, containing a full view 
 of the feveral arts of " Painting in oyl, in mini- 
 " ature, anealing in. glais, enamelling, an4 
 " making marble paper : The plan of a royal 
 " garden ; defcribing and fhewing the amplitude 
 " of that part of theGsoRGics, v/hich belongs 
 " to horticulture :'* And, lafbly, a moral 
 work, to be entituled, " A Treatife on the digni- 
 " ty of Man." 
 
 Full of age and honours, having long been 
 blefTed with genius and virtue, our amiable author 
 departed this life in his eighty fixth year, Feb. 27, 
 M,Dcc,v-vii and was interred at Wotton, under 
 a tomb of about three feet high of free Hone, 
 Ihaped like a coffin, with an infcription upon a 
 white marble (lone with which it is covered,* ex- 
 
 * Aubrey's Natural Hiilory of Surry. V. 4. p. 131. 
 
 preflinj 
 
xxxii The LIFE of 
 
 prefling, according to his own intention, " That 
 " living in an age of extraordinary events and 
 *' revolutions, he had learned from thence this 
 *' truth, which he defired might be thus com- 
 *' municated t© pofterity :" That all is va- 
 nity, WHICH IS NOT HONEST ; AND THAT 
 THERE IS NO SOLID WISDOM, BUT IN^REAL 
 PIETY. 
 
 By his excellent wife, who furvived him about 
 three years, he had five fons and three daughters : 
 of the latter, only one furvived him, Susannah, 
 married to William Draper of Adfcomb in 
 Surry, Efq-, of the former, all died young, ex- 
 cept Mr. John Evelyn, the author of many 
 admired tranflations both in profe and verfe, and 
 of fome original compolitions in Dr yd en's 
 Mifcellanies. He was the father of the prefent 
 Sir John Evelyn, created a Baronet by letters 
 patent, bearing date July 30, m,dcc,xiu. 
 
 The 
 
THE FOLLOWING 
 
 CORRECTIONS and ADDITIONS 
 
 ARE TAKEN FROM THK MARGIN OF THE 
 
 author's Printed Copy, 
 
 COMMUNICATED BY 
 
 Sir JOHN EVELYN, Bart. 
 
 IN the lift of authors, for Libavius, read Liba- 
 
 nius. 
 
 Page c^S^ line 6 ; after engraved, add from the 
 paintings now at Hampton-Court. 
 
 Page 62, line 19 ; after cut, add (which Jerome 
 Lennier fhewed me, and, I think, is now in 
 his Majefty's cabinet) 
 
 Page 68, line 20 -, for chofen read executed ; line 
 21, for executed read cho&n. 
 
 Page 69, line 5-, after Holbein, dele the 
 
 Dane. 
 
 Page 69, line 7 ; after Erafmus, add Morias 
 encomium i the trial and crucifixion of Chrift. 
 
 c Page 
 
( xxxlv ) 
 
 Page 78, line 3 ; after folio, add and for my 
 Parallel of Architefture better than that of 
 this treatife. 
 
 Page y^^ line 6 -, after Warwicklhire, add Mr. 
 Ashmole's Garter. 
 
 Page 79, line ult. j to Cuftos, is the following ad- 
 dition : Dominiciis Cuftos, and Wolfangus 
 Kilian, from the paintings of Wickgram 
 and others, I'he effigies of the Duke of Bava- 
 ria, with the reft in his Atrium Heroicum 
 for all the famous perfons of that century, 
 both of Europe and Afia; 
 
 Page 80, line 1 1 ; for omit, read pafs. 
 
 Page 87, Infert the following note on line 6; 
 Florent le comte, in his Singuliaritez 
 jyArchite^iure, &c. gives a catalogue of the 
 works of Nanteuil, in which he men- 
 tions My Effigy graven by this rare fculp- 
 tor, with this impertinent miftake : " Yve- 
 " LIN, dit le petit mi Lord Anglois, ou le 
 " Portrait Grec j -parceqtCil y a du Grec au 
 " has, ou eji ecrit auffi Meliora retinete : 
 " il efi en Ovale. Yvelin, called the little 
 " Englilh lord, or the Greek portrait, be- 
 " caufe there is a Greek infcription at bot- 
 " tom ; where likewife is written. Retain 
 " the beji : it is in Oval." 
 
 Page 
 
( XXXV ) 
 
 Pao-e Sg, line 23 ; after Thefis, add The Selge 
 of la Rochel in large. 
 
 Pao-e 93, line 2 ; after Majefty, add the Duke of 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Page 95, in the Note j after England, add great 
 grandfather to the prefent Duke of Norfolk. 
 
 Page ^6, line antepenult, for Libavius, read 
 Libanius. 
 
 Page 98, line 25 ; for inftru6live, read in- 
 ftrudor. 
 
 Page 128, Infert the following note on the word 
 applicable m line 17 . This art, fince the 
 publifliing of this [firft] edition, is arrived to 
 the utmofb curiofity and accuratenefs even 
 of the rarefl: miniatures, in black and white j 
 and takes in all fubjed:s : the only defed; is, 
 that the plat-es laft not fo long under the 
 rolling preis . 
 
 At the end of the book, tJie Author has written 
 the following remark : Monier, a painter 
 of the French king's, has publilhed the ■ hi- 
 ftory of painting, fcujpture, architediure, 
 and graving, in three books -^ which is tran- 
 flated into Englifli and printed London 1699. 
 In the laft chapter of the third book, c. 22, 
 he treats of Taille-douci:^ but little which 
 is not already in mine. 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
( xxxvi ) 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 1 6, line penult. ; for pojiuktum, read puf- 
 tulatum. 
 
 Page 30, line 21 ; for Jpu^avo? read ApufA-SSvos, 
 
 Page 87, line i8; for HeJ/eiin, read HedeUn-^ and 
 for Chaplain, read Chapelain. 
 
 Page 99, line 11 ; for Pyrgotoles, read Pro- 
 
 TOGENES, 
 
 Page 112, line 13 j for Nitia, read Nicias. 
 
 Directions to the Binder. 
 
 Place the Head of the Author before the Title -page. 
 — «~ the Engraved plate before page 108 
 — - the Mezzotinto Head before page 1 2 8 
 
 T O 
 
[ ^ 3 . ..: 
 
 T O T H E 
 
 Honourable 
 
 AND 
 
 Learned Gentleman, 
 
 ROBERT BOYLE, Efq; 
 
 Si r, 
 
 HAVING, upon your reiterated 
 inftances, which are ever com- 
 mands with me, prepared this treatife 
 / Goncerning the hiftory of Chalcogra- 
 phy, &^c, I thought rnyfelf engaged 
 to fignify to the reft, that may poflibly 
 receive fatisfadion or benefit from it, 
 to whom they are obliged for the 
 
 B publica- 
 
[2] 
 
 |)ublication of it. The truth is, as it 
 refpeds the pains which I have taken, 
 it bears not the leafl: proportion with 
 my ambition of ferving you ; but as 
 you are plcafed to judge it ufeful for 
 the encouragement of the gentlemen 
 of our nation, who fometimes pleafe 
 themfelves with thefe innocent diver- 
 lions, colledlions worthy of them for 
 divers refpecls ; and, efpecially, that 
 fuch as are addided to the more noble 
 mathematical fciences, may draw and 
 engrave their fchemes with delight and 
 affurance; I have been induced to 
 think it more worthy your patronage, 
 and of my fmall adventure, who pro- 
 fefs to have nothing fo much in my 
 delires, and which I more avow the 
 purfuit of, than to employ the whole 
 remainder of the life, which GOD 
 (hall affign me, and that I can redeem 
 from its impertinencies, in contribu- 
 ting to "-hat great and auguft defign, 
 
 which 
 
[3 ] 
 #hicli your illuftrious and happy ge- 
 nius does prompt you to, of cultiva- 
 ting the fciences, and advancing of 
 ufeful knowledge, emancipated from 
 the ftronp; contentions and little fruit 
 
 CD 
 
 of the former, and the envy and im- 
 -pofture of the latter ages. 
 
 Sir, this is not in the leaft to flatter 
 you; nor can I have other aim in it, 
 than that, by your great example, I 
 might excite fuch as, like you, have 
 parts and faculties, to things that are 
 glorious and worthy of them. Your 
 ftudies are fo mature and univerfal, 
 your travels fo highly improved, and 
 your experience fo well eftablifhed, 
 that, after I have celebrated the con- 
 verfation which refults from all thefe 
 
 ferfections, it is from you alone, that 
 might defcribe the charadler of an 
 accompliflied genius, great, and wor- 
 thy our emulation. But though your 
 modefty does not permit me to run 
 B 2 through 
 
[4] 
 
 llirough all thofe tranfcendencies ; yet, 
 the world is fufficiently inftruded by 
 what you cannot conceal, that I fay 
 nothing of fervile, and which will not 
 abide the teft ; fo as I have been often 
 heard to exult in the felicity of this 
 conjundlure of ours 5 which, (lince 
 thofe prodigies of virtue, the illuftrious 
 Tycho, Bacon, Gilbert, Harvey, 
 jDiGBY, Galileo, Periesky, Des 
 
 ^C A R T E « , G A S S E N D 1 5 Be R N I E R hi S dif- 
 
 ciple- How 'm Perfa^ and the late in- 
 comparable Jacomo Maria Favi, 
 &^c.) has produced us nothing, which 
 will fuppcrt the comparifon with you, 
 when I fhall pronounce you^ and as 
 indeed your merits do challenge it, the 
 phoenix of this latter age. 
 
 And now that I mentioned Signor 
 Favi, I will not conceal with what 
 extafy and joy I lately found his me- 
 mory, which I have fo much and fo 
 often heard mentioned abroad by fuch 
 
 as 
 
C 5 ] 
 
 as had the happinefs to know him in- 
 timately, confecrated by the eloquent 
 pen of Monficur Sorb i ere, in a dif- 
 coiirfe of his to Monlieur Vitre con- 
 cerning the "Utility of great travel and 
 foreign voyages; becaufe it approaches 
 fo near to the idea which I have pro- 
 pofed, and may ferve as an encou- 
 ragement and example to the gentle- 
 men of our nation, who for the moft 
 part wander and fpend their time- 
 abroad in the purfuit of thofe vaiii 
 and lower pleafures, fruitlefs, and alto^ 
 gether intolerable. But, Sir, I will 
 crowd no more into this epiftle, al- 
 ready too prolix, v/hich was only de- 
 figned to accompany this piece, and 
 fome other ufeful and more liberal di- 
 verfions of this nature, which I can- 
 not yet produce. But every thing 
 has its tirne ; and when I would re^ 
 deem it to the beft advantage, it is 
 ^by venter taining it with fomething' that 
 B 3 may 
 
[6] 
 
 may beft declare to all the world, how 
 greatly I accoimt the honour of being 
 efteemed, 
 
 S I R3 
 
 Your mofl: humble, 
 
 and moft obedient Servant, 
 
 Sayes-Court, 
 5th April, 1662. 
 
 J. EVELYN, 
 
 AN 
 
[ 7 ] 
 
 AN 
 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 Signer Giacomo F A V I, 
 
 B y 
 
 Monfieur S O R B I E R E. 
 
 /^Iacomo Maria Favi, of the houfe of 
 ^--' the Marefcotti of Bonlonia^ died above 
 thirty five years of age, near fifteen years 
 fince, in the city of Paris. It is a hiflory 
 worthy of record 5 and that all the world 
 fhould take notice of this incomparable per- 
 fon, as that great wit and polite philofopher 
 Monfieur Sorbiere does defcribe him. For 
 as much, fays he, as it feems to be a very 
 great reproach, that neither prince nor ftate 
 have hitherto had the confideration or the 
 courage to undertake, what one particular 
 pcrfon alone did refolve upon for the univer- 
 B 4 fal 
 
[ 8 ] 
 fal benefit and good of the public. For it wa& 
 upon thisdeiign, that he engaged iiimfelf ex- 
 prefsly, making the mofl exad: obfervations, 
 and collecting the crayons, prints, defigns, 
 models, and faithful copies, of whatfoevpr 
 could be encountered through the whole 
 circle of the arts and fciences, the laws, and 
 the cuftoms pradifed wherever he arrived. 
 He had already acquired by ftudy a thoufand 
 worthy and curious particulars ; he defigned 
 excellently well, underflood the mathematics, 
 had penetrated into the moft curious parts of 
 medicine 5 and was yet fo far from the leaft 
 pedantry, that he would, when fo difpofed, 
 play the gallant as handfomely as any man ; 
 and which he was indeed able to do, enjoy- 
 ing a plentiful revenue of near three thoufand 
 pounds fterling a year, which he ordered to 
 be paid him by bills of exchange, wherefoever 
 his curiofity fhould invite him. But other- 
 wife, truly his equipage was very fimplc, and 
 his train reduced to only one fervant, which 
 he was wont to take in every town where he 
 made any ftay. He had already vifited Ita/y^ 
 Germany J Polaftd, SwedeUy Denmark^ Holland 
 and Englajidj from whence he came into 
 France, to go into Spain. Finally, he arrived 
 at Paris Anno mdcxlv, with one Bourdoni, 
 afculptor dwelling nc2ir theism Her I es -, where 
 he no fooner appeared, but he was immedi- 
 ately 
 
[9] 
 iately found out and known by all the virtuofi, 
 and as foon informed himfelf of all that were 
 extraordinary and confpicuous for all forts of 
 curioiities, whereof he carefully took notice : 
 but efpecially he made an intimate acquaint- 
 ance with one Monfieur Petit, a very rare 
 and curious perfon, and indeed greatly re- 
 fembling the genius of this noble gentleman, 
 as being one who for thefe fifty years pafl: dif- 
 covered a wonderful ardor for the fciences, 
 and a diligence fo indefatigable in the refearch 
 of all eftimable and worthy inventions, as that 
 it is a thouland pities, and a thing not to be 
 conceived indeed without infinite regret, that 
 this age of ours could never yet approach 
 him. So laudable and worthy of praife, have 
 his expences been upon divers machines and 
 experiments, beyond the forces of a private 
 perfon ; that had he but been fupported, as 
 at firfl he was by the French king, and the 
 great cardinal de RichlieUj under whom he 
 enjoyed divers honourable and handfome em- 
 ployments ; he had, perhaps, amongft all the 
 arts through which he run, found out fomc 
 abridgments and perfedions new and altoge- 
 ther flupendous ; and as, indeed, he has al- 
 ready done to admiration, fo far at leaft as his 
 difcretion and his affairs would give him leave* 
 But to return to our new DemocrituSy Signer 
 Favi. He had made proviiion of fundry 
 
 huge 
 
[ 10] 
 
 huge volumes, which were no other than the 
 defigns of all forts of inftruments and machines 
 that he had feen and perufed j befides a world 
 more which he had fent away into Italy. For 
 this curious perfon negleded nothing, but 
 went on colled:ing, with a moft infuperable 
 diligence, all that the mechanics had in- 
 vented for agriculture, architecture, and the 
 fabric of all forts of works belonging to fports 
 and to clothes, for ufe and for magnificence. 
 There was nothing fo fmall, and to appearance 
 trifling, which he did not caft his eyes upon, 
 and which he had not fome hand in, or im- 
 proved even to the leaft minutiae ; whether it 
 were a device of fome hafpe, the latch of a 
 door, a fimple lock, the cover or patin of a 
 cup, a drefs, ^c. even to a very tooth- 
 picker * ; fo as he fhewed no lefs than two 
 hundred toys for children to play withal, 
 forty feveral ways of plowing the ground, a 
 world of forges and mills for various ufes. 
 He vifited all the excellent workmen and ar- 
 tifans, and took f:imples and patterns of all 
 their rare inventions, and fomething of their 
 making. Then for receipts and fecrets, he 
 poileiTed an infinite number of all kinds the 
 .mofl: rare and excellent 5 fome whereof he 
 
 * Let not the reader defpife this condefceiifton of fo great 
 a perfon, for ** ineft fua gratia parvis," 
 
 pur chafed 
 
[ " ] 
 
 purchafed at great prices, and others he pro- 
 cured by exchange. He learned the tongues, 
 wherever he came, with extraordinary faciUty;. 
 and fometimes would frequent the recreations 
 and exercifes of the places where he fojourned, 
 which he ufed to perform with a facility and 
 addrefs fo genteel and natural, as if he had 
 yet been but a very youth : for by this means 
 foe found, that he gained the eaiier and more 
 free accefs into the heft companies, fo ex- 
 tremely noble difinterefted and agreeable was 
 his fafhion and manner of converfation. And 
 though in fundry encounters, and courts of 
 princes, he had been frequently regaled with 
 very conliderable prefents, yet would he never 
 receive any from great perfons j as chains of 
 'gold, medals, diamonds and jewels, that were 
 offered him, unlefs haply it were fome title 
 of honour and prerogative, as the permiflioa 
 to bear an eagle, or a fleur de lis in his coat 
 of arms, or the like. And when he had thu$ 
 exhaufted a kingdom or a place of all that 
 was curious, and made acquaintance with all 
 the perfons of merit in a flate, he travelled 
 prefently into another ; fo as there was hardly 
 a court to be found, where he had not finish- 
 ed his harveit in three or four months, till he 
 arrived at P^m, where, indeed, he was in- 
 finitely furprized, and bufied among fuch an 
 innumerable many of able and curious perfons 
 
 of 
 
[ ,2 ] 
 
 of all kinds. He had four lodgings in feveral 
 parts of Paris, that fa he might be near a re- 
 treat, in whatfoever quarter he fhould happen 
 to be in purfuit of curioiities ; for he ufed to 
 go much on foot, and alone, becaufe he would 
 not be troubled nor obl'erved by impertinent 
 fervants. But in fine, puipofing from hence 
 to travel fhortly for China . by means of the; 
 Portugal, he took fo much pains about de- 
 fcribmg and obferving the magnificent prepa- 
 rations which were made for the marriage of 
 the queen oi Poland, that he fell fick of a fe- 
 ver and died, to the univerfar regret and for- 
 rov/ of all that had ever fo much as heard of 
 him. And no fooner did this fad accident 
 come to the ears of the king, but he fent dili- 
 gently to fearch out all his four lodgings, to 
 fee if by any means aught of his collection 
 could be retrieved i but they were all imme- 
 diately difperfed, and it was never found wh-at 
 became of them. 
 
 The count Marejcotti his kinfman, then at 
 Paris, recovered only that fingle volume, 
 wherein was contained the names, arms and 
 ■rlevifes of the hands of all the princes of Eu- 
 rope, whom he had had the honour to apr- 
 proach. But his Intention was, as I have been 
 credibly informed by one that did often con- 
 verle with him, though Monfieur Sorbiere is 
 filent of itj after he had travelled over all the 
 
 world J 
 
[ ^3 ] 
 
 -world, for his defign was no lefs ample, at 
 return into his native country, to compile and 
 
 spublifli a complete cycle and hiftory of trades, 
 with whatfoever elfe he fhould judge of ufe 
 
 iiand benefit to mankind. But this had been 
 a charity, and a bleffing too great for the 
 world ', becaufe it does not depart from its 
 vices and impertinencies, and cherifh fuch 
 perfons, and the virtues which fhould render, 
 it worthy of them. 
 
 AUTHORS 
 
[ 14] 
 
 A U T H O R S and B O O K S which have 
 i)een confulted fox this Treatise. 
 
 Mlianus 
 Angehis Roccha 
 ' AquiruH 
 Arijhieles _ 
 S. A'ugiijiinus 
 Aufonius 
 Baptijia Alherti 
 Biblia Sacra 
 Bibltander 
 BofeA. 
 Caniparlus 
 Cajfianus 
 Ccel. Rhodos'inus 
 
 o 
 
 Cedrcniis 
 
 Cicero 
 
 Commenhis 
 
 Crinitus 
 
 Curtius 
 
 Cypr'ianns 
 
 JD'iadorus 
 
 Diomedes 
 
 Donatellus 
 
 Durer 
 
 Epiphanlus 
 
 Eufeb'ius 
 
 Gajffarell 
 
 Galenus 
 
 Gorleus 
 
 Guaricus Bompo. 
 
 Greutcr 
 
 Herodotus 
 
 Iief;odiis 
 
 Mdmerui 
 
 Horatius 
 
 Wepkus 
 
 ynfiius Fy 
 
 yuvenalis 
 
 Kerkerus 
 
 Ldet 
 
 Lcttns Potnpon. 
 
 Leon Alberti 
 
 Libaviiis 
 
 Lie etas 
 
 Littleton Adam 
 
 Livius 
 
 Liiblnus 
 
 Lucanus 
 
 Luithprandius 
 
 Ma'unonuUs 
 
 Manut'ms 
 
 Marolles 
 
 Martlalis 
 
 Nazian%en Greg. 
 
 Origines 
 
 Ovidius 
 
 Panc'irclla 
 
 Petronius 
 
 Bhilo 
 
 Philojiratus 
 
 Picus Mirond 
 
 Pietro Sajito 
 
 Plato 
 
 Plinius 
 
 Pliitarchus 
 
 Du Pais 
 
 PcUhx Jul 
 
 Prudentius 
 
 ^.intUi(inus 
 
 Rue us 
 
 Sabinus 
 
 Salniafnis 
 
 Scaliger Jof. 
 
 Semedo 
 
 Seneca 
 
 Solinus 
 
 Statins ■> 
 
 Suetonius 
 
 Suidas 
 
 Tacitus 
 
 Tatianus 
 
 Terttdliamis 
 
 Tloeocritus 
 
 Trallianiis 
 
 Trifmegijlus 
 
 Thucydides 
 
 Varenius 
 
 Varro 
 
 Vajfari 
 
 Vatahlus 
 
 Vertnander Car, 
 
 Verulamius 
 
 Virgiliiis 
 
 Vitruvius 
 
 Vopifcm 
 
 Fojjius 
 
 JVoolfon 
 
 JVormius 
 
 Sir H. IVotton, 
 
 SCULP- 
 
[ '5 ] 
 
 SC U LPTU RA: 
 
 OR, THE 
 
 History and Art 
 
 O F 
 
 Chalcography. 
 
 BOOK THE FIRST. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Of Sculpture f how derived and dijiinguijhed, with the 
 Stiles and Injiruments belonging to it, 
 
 THOSE, who have moll refined and criti- 
 cized upon technical notions, feem to dif- 
 tinguifh what we commonly name Sculp- 
 ture into three feveral arts, and to attri- 
 bute fpecifical differences to them all : for there is, 
 befides Sculptura (as it relates to Chalcography) 
 Scalptura (fo Diomedes*) and delatura-, both 
 which, according toQuiNTiLiAN-f, differ from the 
 .firft [ratione ynateri^l " in refpe6l of the materials.** 
 
 f Lib, 1. t ^- 3- f. 21. - 
 
 For 
 
i6 SCULPTURAr or, 
 
 For to make bu:: a brief enumeration only : it was 
 applied to feverai things ; as to working in wood or 
 ivory tomkcy the artiits defe5fores ; in clay, plajiicey 
 plaji^ ; in piaifiier paradigmatice^ the workmen 
 ^pfachi; in ftone-cutting colaptice, the artiits li- 
 thoxoi ; and laflly, in metals glyphice : which again 
 is two-fold i for if wax be ufed, agogice ; if the 
 figure be of caft-w^ork, chemice ; anaglyphice^ when 
 die image was prominent ; diaglyphice^ when hol- 
 low, as in feals and intaglias ; encolaptice when lefs 
 deep, as in plates of brafs for laws and monumen- 
 tal infcriptions ; then the toreutice -, and the encau- 
 ftic for a kind of enamel * ; proplajiice forming the 
 future work \_ex creia] " of clay, " or fome fuch 
 matter, as the protypus was of wax for efforma- 
 tion, and the modulus of wood : not to omit the 
 antient diatretice^ which feems to have been a work 
 upon chryflal, and the calices diatreti (of which 
 Ibmewhere the poet Martial) v/hether embofled 
 or engraven, as now with the point of a diamond, 
 ^c. for I can only name them briefly, the field 
 would be too luxurious to difcourfe upon them fe- 
 verally, and as they rather concern the ftatuary-art, 
 fufile and plaftic head -, which would fei-ve better 
 to adorn fome defign of architefture, or merit an 
 exprefs treatife, than become the prefent, which 
 does only touch the metals^ and fuch other mate- 
 rials as had not the figure finifhed througli all its 
 dimenfions : though we might yet fafely, I think, 
 admit fome of the Greek anaglyptics ; argentum af- 
 permn Cs? pofiulatum^ and, as the Latins term it, 
 ehur pingue j for fo the poet, expofitumque alte pin- 
 
 * C^Li RwODOG, Antiq. hsii.l.Z^r C^ 24. 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. ry 
 
 giis popofcit ebur^ &c*. Manutius calls them 
 dmidi^ eminentiie^ and the Italians do weU inter- 
 pret by Bajfo and Mezzo Relievo. Hence the figure 
 is {didjiare^ or etc/tare : for fo M a r t i a l , Jia( caper ; 
 and Juvenal., Jlaniem extra pocula caprum : as 
 from the fimilitude and perfeftion of the work, 
 vivere^ fpirare^ calere\ it feemed " to breathe and 
 " be living," as Virgil expreffes it ; 
 Excudent alii fpirantia mollius £ra. 
 
 And Horace, Et ungues 
 
 Exprimet, (s' molles irmtahitur cere capillos^ 
 
 Ludit Acidalio fed non manus afpera nodo 
 Candida non tacit a refpondet imagine Lygdos. Mart. 
 
 For in this manner they ufed to celebrate thofe 
 rare pieces of art, diftinft from the diaglyphice and 
 encolapticy more properly according with our pur- 
 pofe ; and which may haply be as well exprefled 
 by c^latura, and from the fignification made a de- 
 rivative a-TTo Ty cy.ctTrieiVj to dig or make incifion. 
 I think Varro may have fcaptus for c^elatiis j as 
 Cicero fcalptusy and Pliny fcalpturatus •, yet we 
 rather follow them who d^nvo. fcalpo^ fiulpOy from 
 'y?\.CL(pco and yXv(po) i becaufe the beft origination 
 is to preferve the foundation in the ancienter lan- 
 guages, if the mutation of letters be warranted, as 
 here in ypaq^co fcribo. The word in the holy 
 tongue, nnSj which imports an opening, (becaule 
 the plate, ftone, or whatever elfe material they 
 oifed, aperitur aliqtia fui parte^ is fomewhere 
 opened when any thing is engraven upon it) attefts 
 rather to the former etymon and fignification, than 
 * Epist. ad Mocsnium. 
 
 C t© 
 
r8 S C U L P T U R A : c/r, 
 
 to any other material affinity : befides, that 'tis alfe 
 transferable to thofe who carve with the chiflel, or 
 work in bofle with the puntion, as our ftatuaries 
 goldfmiths and repairers do. In the glols we meet 
 with. caelum rc^voh &c. which though fome admit 
 not fo freely in this fenle, yet Martial, fpeaking 
 oi embofled cups, more than once calls them to- 
 reumata ; 
 
 Miratus fueris cumprifca toreumata multum. Lib. 8, 
 And why may not the tori, brawn, or collops of 
 fat, be exprelfed by thefe raifc d figures, and they 
 torof^ plump, and (as the French has it) en hon 
 ■pointy as well as fufile and fiftile ones ? Some round 
 chiflel or lathe perhaps it was ^ but we dare only 
 bonjefture. Others cAum u c^edo^ which is to beat, 
 ftrike, cut or dig -, but by what parallel authority 
 of fuch a derivative, we know not.- Varro * yet 
 € ccelo heaven itfclf, reaching its original from the 
 very ftars. xo/Xos is another, more confonant and 
 harmonious with the antient jnp kalangh^ which 
 imports to excavate and make hollow, as it is frc- 
 qliently interpreted, particularly \Reg. vi. 32, 2,5' 
 where,' what the vulgar Latin renders fculpjit^ Va- 
 • TABLus makes Ccclavit^ and Junius incidit, beft 
 of aH cofrefponding with our purpofe. And fo in 
 the famous wrought fhield which Ulyfles purchafed 
 by his eloquence^ Qu i n r 11, i an -f applies the word, 
 in c^elatura clypei AchHlis^ &' lites funt ^ a^iones : 
 for fo it feems to have been much ufed on their 
 harnefs •, Livy J reports of two famous armies fo 
 Yeprefented : or as more allufive yet to our plate, 
 where *tis faid, c^datura rumpit tenuem laminam ; if 
 
 * I. Iv. di L, L. t Lib. ii. c. 18, X ^ifi' ^' 9- 
 
 thc' 
 
the HifLory of CHALeooRAPHV. ig 
 
 the queftion be not rather, whether thefe works, 
 Hke the anc^fa vafa^ were not railed and embofled % 
 thofe exprefTions.oi" Pliny lb much favouring theii* 
 eminency, where he tells us, Ipeaking of this very- 
 art, [it a exolevit^ ut fola jam vetufiate cenfeatur^ nf- 
 que adeo attritis calaturis, ne figura difcerni pofjii'] 
 *' it has now been fo long out of ufe, that it is 
 " efteemed only for its antiquity, the graving being 
 " fo. worn, away, that the figures are no longer 
 " difcernible i" time and age had fo greatly de- 
 faced them. 
 
 But may this fuffice for the divifion and deho- 
 rnination of the Art in general; lince the title 
 which we have made choice of, is univerfally ap^ 
 plicable : for fo [loquetidi confuetudine] " in ordinaiy 
 " difcourfe," fculptura and fcalptiira import but 
 one and the fame thing, as Salmasius has well 
 noted on Solinus ; and, therefore, thofe, v/ho 
 wrought any of thefe hollow cut-works, were by 
 fome called cavatores, and graphatoresy fays that 
 learned perfon ; whence, doubtlels, our ^r<^wrj- may 
 have derived their appellation. 
 
 By this then it will not be difficult for any td 
 define what the Art itfelf is; whether confidered 
 in the moft general and comprehenfive acceptation^ 
 or as it concerns that of Chalcography chiefly, 
 and fuch as have mofl affinity with it ; finCe (as 
 well as the reft) it may be defcribed to be, *' Arl 
 " art, which takes away all that is fuperfluous of 
 " the fubjed: matter, reducing it to th^t form or 
 *' body which was defigned in the ide^ of the ar- 
 "tift:'* and this, as fufficiently univerfal ; unlefs 
 in favour of the plafiic, (which yet does not comd 
 C z und§r 
 
W SCULPTURA: or^ 
 
 under our cognizance) we will rather receive the 
 diftinftion which Michael An g e l o was uled to- 
 obferve between them, that this laft was made by 
 ifppofition^ which is the quite contrary. But indeed,, 
 neither the paradigmatic^ '^S^g^^y or any of the 
 plafiic^ can genuinely, and in propriety of fpeech, 
 be called Sculpture, without a catachrefis and 
 fome violence ; ^mct [nullum Jifnile eji idem'] " like- 
 " nefs is not famenefs," whether applied to the 
 matter or the tools. 
 
 And now we ipeak of Instruments, we fhall 
 find that there has been little lefs controverfy among 
 tlie grammarians, touching them alfo, than con- 
 cerning the very art itfelf : as whether the y?^{):^iov 
 Jtile or fcalprum, is to be called aelum^ c^les^ or 
 r.-)?//^.f. noted by the critics from that text Job xix. 
 \quis rnihi det, ut exarentiir in lihro fiylo ferreo, aut 
 plumbi lamina^ vel caltefculpanturinjtlice?'] " O 
 " that my words were — printed in a book, that 
 *' they were graven with an iron pen and lead in 
 " the rock for ever! (where by the way, 'tis ob- 
 ferved, that this verfe comprehends, and alludes tOj 
 almofl all the forts of antient writing and engra- 
 ving ; books, plates, ftone and flile) and from an 
 old infcription out of Aldus, andGRUTER. Mar- 
 tial, AusoNius, and the poet Stat lus *, ufe 
 t4elum frequently -, 
 
 Lahoriferi vivant qti<£ marmora Ccslo^ 
 
 Praxitelis^ &c.- f i 
 
 But we will be fparing.. rAu(f i$, yXv(peiov^ yXvq)avov^ ' 
 as J u N I u s J : alio Xyv.'^ AoiTTz/jp, u rrocyuyivi, Xoc^d^Mihuov 
 ^s much as aiSr,fi:v Xiha^yov ; fo is y?vcccU and Aeiov 
 
 -. * Epift. 56. Stat. 1.4. t Sylv. 1. 4. % Theocr. Thucyd. 
 
 in 
 
the Hiilory of Chalcography. 2j 
 
 in Po L L y X . Scalprum^ is -k ovrei? ^u^r, c i with the fame 
 Junius, graphium j \a.Mj, Jlyius ypcc(peiory-^vAo--^ 
 Cf.'iAvjin SuiDASj f-^x;£vTpi?the famePoLLUx. Call 
 them ;ppmt, Jlile^ graver ^ pmtion^ -polijher^ or what 
 elfe you pleafe, we will contend no farther about it ; 
 for thele inflruments (as defpicable as they appear) 
 have fometimes proved fatal and dangerous wea- 
 pons ; as the bleflcd Caflianus found by fad ex-^ 
 perience, whofe cruel martyrdom with thefe fliles is 
 glorioufly celebrated byPRUDENTius, -wi^) c^k^-Lvoov 
 Hymn. ix. And thus was alfo Erixion flain, for 
 his unnatural affeftion, by the enraged people ; 
 with other examples to be produced out of Seneca, 
 Plutarch, Suetonius, ^and others: for, when 
 •upon leveral of thofe diforders, m<^/ip'j<pc^av (or the 
 carrying about them any weapons of iron) was made 
 capital, they did mifchief with thefe inflruments, 
 till like childrens' knives they were converted into 
 bone, which did only ferve them to write withal, 
 and arare campum cereurn^ to plough up their 
 Superinduced tables, and cerei pugillares not much 
 unlike to our etching with points and needles on the 
 vernilh, in fhape and ufe refembling them, fave 
 where the obtuler end was made more deletive, apt 
 to put out, and obliterate, when they would ftylum 
 vertercy which our burnifher, (another tool ufed by 
 Chalcographers) and polilher performs. 
 
 But to defcend to the modern names both of the 
 Art and Instrument. The French call it in 
 particular taille douce, fweet or tender cut ; whe- 
 ther wrought with the burin, (for fo they term the 
 inftrument which we the graver) or with aqua for- 
 tis. Th(8 Italians, intaglia, or ftamp, without 
 
 C 3 adjund'i 
 
22 SCULPTURx\: or, 
 
 adjuiirCl ; and bolino, which is doubtlefs the more 
 ancient and warrantable, as prompting the ufe both 
 of the point, needle, and etching in aqua fortis, 
 by fome fo happily executed, as hardly to be dif- 
 c^rned from the bolio or graver itfelf: but the 
 main difference is this, that with the burin one 
 cuts the piece all at once out of the plate immedi- 
 ately j vC^hereas, with the point or-ftile, we only 
 cut the vernifh, razing, and fcalping, as it were, 
 the fuperficies of the plate a little, which after- 
 wards the aqua fortis corrodes and finiflies : a rare 
 invention, new, expeditious, and wholly unknown 
 to the paft antiquity ! Burin then from bolino ; and 
 why not? yea doubtlefs, this from /Sy?Aa, tjie 
 modern nzmt of a feal and inftrument of making 
 feals. To this we might alfo add tyyr\, cheret : 
 an4 we find charafch, and charath, "of the fame 
 import with ^oc^xosm and ^ccpxTM [ to engrave ] 
 in the Greek, as Mr. Adam Littleton has acutely 
 obferved in his complexion of roots. 
 
 But left too much of this ftuff lliould (as The- 
 ocritus on another occafion ftiles it), yXv(^ci\>H 
 '3rfo?o^'Jr, ^' fmell of the burin,'' we will here make 
 an end with hard names, the pedantry and various 
 acceptations of the words j and in the chapters fol- 
 lowing endeavour to inveftigate the Original of 
 the Art itfelf, and difcourfe fome what of the pro- 
 gfefs it has made, to arrive at this perfection : for 
 it is not to fhew how diligently we have weeded the 
 calepines and lexicons (among all which there is 
 none over fertile upon thefe arts, or fo well fur- 
 hiflied as we could have wiftied) but the refult of 
 n^uch diligent colle(ftion, produced out of fundry ; 
 '"■ ■■ ■^'' authorsj 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 23 
 
 authors, to meet in this chapter for the eafe and in- 
 ttru<fbion of fiich, as may poflibly encounter with 
 difficulties, in the courle of their reading fuch books 
 as treat of the mechanical or more liberal fubje<5ls ; 
 and, that there might be nothing of deficient as 
 to our Institution, feeing it behoved him that: 
 would deduce an hiftory ab origine, to let nothing 
 efcape that was in the leaft or ufeful or inftrudive. 
 
 C H A P. JL 
 
 Of the original of Scvlptvb^e in gener^L 
 
 WE fhall not with Epigenes in Pliny*, de? 
 pofe that this art had its being from eternity; 
 iDCcaufe it is not fenfe, and would contradi(5l its in- 
 vention : but if that may pais, which St. Au*.., 
 c us TINE affirms f, that the protoplaft, our father 
 Adaivt, or (as others) his good genius the angel 
 Kaziel, were the firft inventor of letters, Sculp- 
 ture may derive its pedigree from the infancy of 
 the world, and contend for its pre-eminence with 
 moft of the antiquities which it fo much celebrates. 
 For that there went feveral booksaboy,t (lome where- 
 of had been long fmce read in the primitive chuceh) 
 bearing his venerable name, as that which Epi- 
 PHANius and others cite ex libro Behu, de pceni- 
 Untia Ad<£^ Ad^e revelatio^ &c. we have no reafon 
 to contradift: and Thomas Aquinas, in his trea- 
 * L. 7. c. 6, t L. 18. de Civit. Dei. c. 38. 
 
 C 4 tifc 
 
24 
 
 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 tife de ente ^ ejfeniia^ fpeaks of a volume of plants 
 defcribed by Adam ; and there are traditions of a 
 whole natural hiftory, with feveral other works of 
 this rnoft learned of all men living, as Suidas 
 doubts not to call him. Nor do we think, that 
 his unhappy fall did fo much concern his rare and 
 infufcd habits, as not to leave him the mofl accom- 
 plilhed and perfe6tly inftru(5led in all thofe arts 
 which were fo highly neceffary, and therefore thus 
 early invented ; though whether thefe books of his 
 were fo miraculoufly found out, and prefei"ved by 
 the renowned Trismegistus, we leave to the 
 more credulous : but that letters, and confequently 
 Sculpture, was long before the flood, we make 
 no fciiiple ofj SujpAS, whom but now we men- 
 tioned, is peremptory, afcribing (as was affirmed) 
 both letters, and all the reft of the fciences to Ad am, 
 TBTa iToiVTOL IvpYifAOiTct-, ^c. Wc fliall not add 
 hereunto, what the Rabbins aflert he compofed of 
 the precepts given him in paradife, with the like 
 tralh ; but pals from thefe conjeftures to others of 
 the antediluvian patriarchs mentioned by Josephus, 
 Cedrenus, and fome other authors, concerning 
 the fculptures in ftone and brick erecfted at Joppa, 
 containing (as fome depofe)the fidereal and celeftial 
 Ibiences, proof againft the two moft devouring and 
 fubverting elements, and lafting fome thoufands of 
 years after the univerfal cataclyfm. The -Ethiopi- 
 ans are faid at this day to glory much in polfefTing 
 the books of Seth and Enoch, as thofe who have 
 lately written of the AbyfTines relate. Origen, 
 St, Augustine, andHiEROM, have likewife made 
 honourable meiuion of them ; and Tertullian 
 
 plainly 
 
the Hiflory of Chalcography. 25 
 
 plainly reproves thofe*, who (in his time) thought 
 they could not be preferved ; Noah being hinilelf 
 one of the great nephews of Se th : and the pro- 
 bability that thefe ancient men of renown would 
 tranfmit to pofterity the glorious aftions and at- 
 chievements which they had performed j cfpecially 
 Cham, (that is Zoroaster) a fpirit fo univerfally 
 curious, and flourifliing above an hundred years 
 before this public calamity. But to apply this to 
 the honour now of Chalcography, and juftify 
 our defign. The author of the fchoiaftical hiftory 
 uponGenefis fpeaks of this Zoroaster's engra- 
 ving the liberal arts on fourteen columns, feven 
 whereof he affirms to have been of brafs, and the 
 reft of brick. The fame is alfo reported by Sere- 
 nus-J", where he adds \_div er forum met allorumlaml-' 
 nis] " on plates of different metals, " together with 
 fome other infcriptions thus preferved, and which 
 the noble and learned earl of Mirandula, in a cer- 
 tain epiftle of his to Marfilius Ficinus, boafts to 
 have the pofleflion of : his words are thefe ; Chal- 
 daici hi libri funt^ ft libri funt, ^ 7ion Thefaurr. 
 Audi infcriptiones : patris Ezra^ Zoroajiris, & Mel- 
 chior Magorum oracula. In quihus^ & ilia qucque, 
 qu<e apud Gr^ecos mendofa^ ^ mutila circumferuntur, 
 kguntur integra ^ ahfoluta^ &c, " Thefe books, 
 ^' (faith Pic us) if books it be lawful to call them, 
 " and not rather moft ineftimable treafures, are all 
 " in the Chaldaic tongue. Obferve their titles : 
 " the oracles of thofe tamous Magi, Ezra, Zoro- 
 " after, and Melchior ; in which thofe particulars 
 *' alfo, which have been carried about by the Greeks, 
 f De habit, mulier. t Apud Cafiianum. 
 
 " maimed 
 
26 SCULPTURA: or, ■ 
 
 *' maimed and miferably corrupted, are here to be 
 ** read perfeft and entire." 
 
 Concerning the art of Sculpture immediately 
 after the flood, there are few, we fuppofe, make 
 any conliderable queftion, as that it might not be 
 propagated by No ah to his pofterity ; though Ibme 
 there be, that indeed admit of none before Mose s : 
 but what then fhall we think of that " book of the 
 ** wars of the Lord," which this facred author men- 
 tions, Num. xxi ; not to infill upon the eighty-eighth 
 and one hundred and ninth Pfaims, by many 
 aicribed to fome of the patriarchs his predeceflbrs. 
 The above mentioned Mercurius Trismegis- 
 Tus, three hundred years after the flood, and long 
 before Moses, engraved his fecret and myflierious 
 things in ftone, -as himfelf reports j reforming what 
 had been depraved by the wicked Cham, fome in 
 1-etters, fome in figures and enigmatical charadlers ; 
 fuch haply, as were thole contained in the magni^ 
 ficent and ftupendous obeliflcs ere<51:ed by Misra 
 the firll ^Egyptian Pharoah, which being at leaft 
 four hundred years before Moses (as the moll in^ 
 defatigable Kircher has computed) does greatly 
 prefage their antiquity to have been before that holy 
 prophet*. But not to put too much ftrefs upon 
 ibperannuated tradition, this we are lure is of faipji 
 and without controverfy, that in Moses we have 
 the tables of Hone, engraven by the finger of GOD 
 himfelf ; where the commandment is exprefs, ev-cn 
 againll the abufe of this veiy Art, as well as an 
 inllance of the antiquity of idolatry attelling that of 
 fculpture : Thou shalt not make to thy 
 
 * Obelis. Pamphtl. 
 
 SELF 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 27 
 
 itLF ANY GRAVEN IMAGE*. But this wllich IS, 
 
 incked, the firft writing that we have fcripture to 
 vouch for, does yet pre-fuppofe Engraving to 
 liave been of much greater antiquity. What elfe 
 were the Te r a p h i m ? what the Penates of L a b a n 
 ftolen by Rachel? the idols ofTERAH, or the 
 JEgyptizn ? &€. But we forbear to expatiate -, 
 only that which is by Ben. Syrac fomewhere in -f- 
 Ecclefiafticus delivered, that the original of idola- 
 try was from images to preferve the memory of the 
 dead, as in procefs of time by the flatterers of great 
 men it was turned to be an obje6l of adoration, 
 plainly infers Graving to have been elder than 
 idolatry. 
 
 But now to recover its efteem again beyond all 
 prejudice (however by others abufed, as indeed 
 many of the beft things have been,) it was, wc 
 know, imputed for a fpiritual talent inBEZALEEL 
 and Aholiab :|:, who made intaglias to adorn the 
 high priell's perioral. And we have faid how the 
 ^Egyptians reverenced it, as feeming to have ufed 
 iu before letters y or rather their hieroglyphics (im- 
 porting facred fculpture) were thofe elements by 
 which they tranfmitted to pollerity what they 
 efteemed moft worthy of record; and not (as Ibme 
 have imagined) wrapped up in thofe enigmatical 
 figures,' the fecrets of their arts both divine and 
 fecular ; for 
 
 Nondum flumineas memphis contexere hihlos 
 Noverat ; & /axis tantum volucrifque fer^qut\ 
 Sadptaque fervabant magicas animalia linguas^. 
 whence Tacitus calls them \_antiquijfima monu- 
 
 ' 5 ExoD. XX. fc, xiv, JxxxiExod. § Lucanus, 1. 3.. 
 
 - - menta 
 
^ SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 iTKntamemoria humance imprefa /axis'] " mofl ancient 
 •' records engraven on ftone." Such as were alio 
 the borapellinis notee^ and all thole other venerable 
 antiquities of this nature, tranfported to Rome out 
 ef ^gypt in no lei's than two-and-forty prodigious 
 ©beliJks, of late interpreted by the induilrious Kir- 
 CHER before cited. Suidas attributes the invention 
 CO the Father of the faithful, others to 
 Theut or Hermes, forne to Cadmus and the 
 Phcenicians. Bibliander will have letters and 
 fculpture from Adam, Josephus from Enoch, 
 Philo from Abraham, Eusebius from Moses, 
 Cy PR I ANT from Saturn ; where, by the way, 
 becauie 'tis laid he did [liter as imprimere~\ " print 
 *• letters," Peter Calaber, who much affefts 
 to call himfelf PoMPONius L^tus, foolilhly de- 
 duces, that even the typographical art was known 
 in the a^ of this hero*; but thence, as we faid, it 
 ddcended to the ^Egyptians by Misraim, and 
 fo was communicated to the Perfians Medes and 
 Afiyrians, thence to the Greeks, and finally to 
 the Romans, from whom it was derived to us ; as 
 Peter Crinitus in his xviith. book de honejia 
 difcipli^mTt out of a very ancient manufcript bibli- 
 ethecjs fepiimian.e feems to deduce, and thus fum 
 them up together : 
 
 ^Mnyfes p'imus Hebrajcas exaravit literas^ 
 
 MfiUi Ph&'uices fagaci condiderunt Atticas; 
 
 '^.Gs Latmi fcriptitamuSy edidit Nicoftrata ; 
 
 Almham Si^ras^ i£ idem repperit Chaldaicas ; 
 
 Ifis arie nC'H minor e^ protulit jEgyptiacas\ 
 
 Gtiifiiti frmnjit Get arum -^ quas videmus liter as. ] 
 
 " Moses 
 
 * VessiTiT'; in Art. Hiff.. t Cap. ». 
 
the Hiftory of C h a l c o o r ap h y . 29 
 
 •** Moses firft invented the Hebrew letters^ the 
 "Phoenicians the Greek-, Nicostrata the 
 " Latin ; Abraham the Syriac and Chaldaic; 
 *' Is IS the /Egyptian, and Gulfila the Getan." 
 
 Now, fhould all this but relate to the fevcral 
 char a^ers only-, it fhallyet lerve ourpurpofe; fince 
 whoever was the inventor of letters^ was alfo doubt- 
 lefs the father of Sculpture, as is apparent, if 
 not by the former columns eredled by Seth (one 
 whereof Angel us Roccha in his hibliotheca vati- 
 cana prefumes to have been of brafs) yet byfeveral 
 other inftances ; the writing with ink, in paper or 
 parchment, being altogether a novelty in compa- 
 rifon to the more ancient forms and materials, fuch 
 as were the llit-ftones or dates, which fucceeded 
 the llately marbles, and preceded the thinner leaves 
 of bark and tablets of wood, which from the Ger- 
 man 'HBucJCt (fignifying xht fagus or beech-tree, 
 whofe fruit does Hill with us retain the name of 
 huch-maft) were called books^ to whatever voluble 
 or folding matter applied : for before the mvention 
 of paper, they ufed the leaves of palms, as Varro 
 de Sibylla i then the rinds of trees -, afterwards fheets 
 o( lead, linen J wax, 2ii\di ivory, as Pliny and Vo- 
 piscus tell US', they wrote on filk amongft the 
 Perfians and Chineie j and laftly, were invented 
 parchment and paper. But whether in all thefe, or 
 whatever the fubjeft were (fome few latter excepted) 
 it was Hill by infculping, fcarifying, and making a 
 kind of incifion into it -, elpecially intending to con- 
 Tign to pollerity their laws, divine and human, 
 Roman, Egyptian, or Hebrew : for fo of old, 
 
 , ' verba minacia JixQ •• 
 
 jEre kgebantur. 
 
 according. 
 
30 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 according to the poet*. Thus were theHieronic^ 
 preferved in the temple of Olympian Jove, and the 
 Roman confuls in the capitol ; and as by thofe in- 
 numerable />//<:r/p//(?;^j of irrefragable and undeniable 
 antiquity does appear. 
 
 We have already computed how probable it is-j 
 that Sculpture was in ufe in i^gypt fomewhat be- 
 fore, or at leaft as foon as the patriarch Abraham 
 fet his foot there : but the lefs difcerning Greeks, 
 who received it from the ^Egyptians, could tell us 
 of no writings of theirs extant before Homer, if 
 we will give ear to Josephus, before that of Ta- 
 TiAN (a learned Aflyrian, and contemporary with 
 Justin Mar t y r ) where he affirms, [h^^ 'Ofxrips 
 
 co/ry cuyypix({:'Soovy Aira, ^iX'xjxfJMvo'^^ QocixvpiSog^ 
 'A/u(p.iwy:f, Mycra/y, 'Op^g:^?, j^vjucoSox'r^y ^nyJii^ 
 
 rlw a(l^i',cS7o, A^tq-soc Ty VlfiQiycovmoi'd r'6 rci' Afi^ 
 pAaTCio, av')Jfcc^cu']oSy 'AaCoAs tb tZ Kej'<aypy» ^ 
 IcrccriSoi:, J^pvfMai'os rs ^ 'Eu^>)Ay ry KuTrp/y, )Cj 
 '0,03 x'y 'XocyJuy ^ ripocrfxctvii^s t» A^Lujxifi, ^c] 
 *' iVIosES is prior not only to Homer, but to 
 " thofe writers who lived before Homer, Linus, 
 " Philammo^,Thamyris,Amphion,Musae- 
 " us, Orpheus, Demodocus, Phemius^ the 
 " Sibyl, Epimenides the Cretan who came to 
 " Sparta, Ar is teas the Proeconnefian who wrote 
 " the Arimafpia, Asbolus the Centaur, Isatis, 
 " Drymon, Eumelus the Cyprian, Horus the 
 " Samian, and Pros m ant ides the Athenian : '* 
 where wc have no lefs than fcventeen Grecians 
 
 ** OviDii Metam. i» 
 
 named 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 31 
 
 named elder than Homer. There are alfo enu- 
 •merated the names of twenty Argive kings from 
 Inachus to Agamemnon, which ftrongly infers 
 _^^the means of recording by Sculpture and Wri- 
 ting to have been very ancient. For fo we read 
 that the poems of Hesiod were engraven in lead •, 
 AjR-iSTOTLE mentions Daphne a certain devotrefs 
 of Apollo; Sabinus and Diodorus many others. 
 But when, or whoever it were, thence (as we faid) 
 it travelled into Greece, that theatre of the arts, 
 where it foon arrived to the fupremefl height of 
 perfedtion •, when being applied to the forming of 
 figures, it was celebrated by all the witty men of 
 thofe and the fucceeding ages. Homer tells us 
 of the engraving in the ihield of Achilles*; Hesiod 
 that of Hercules ; not to mention the fculptures 
 upon the chariot of the fun, defcribed by the poet J, 
 becaufe it is altogether fidlitious, though extremely 
 ingenious, and whence haply they might have their 
 vehicula aetata mentioned by Q^ Cu r t i u s -j-. But 
 whether now thefe ancient and famous peices were 
 hollow, like thole of our burin, or the work of our 
 chiflel and repaired emboflments, might feem a dif- 
 ficulty to refolve from the frequent interpretations 
 "we attributed to the verb in the former chapter -, if 
 what we have here attefted concerning the antiquity 
 of letters, and confequently of flat incifions, pro- 
 nounce not for its pre-eminence, however this may 
 appear to the more judicious. Add to it, that both 
 plaftica (whatever others may fancy, unlefs we will 
 afcend to the divine figuration of the firft breathing- 
 ftatue that was ever formed, and v/ith Pliny de- 
 
 * Iliad 3. X Metam. 1. 3. t L- 3- c. 3. 
 
 rive 
 
t2 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 rive it to be before and the mother of Sculpture) 
 and the anaglyptic art, (not produced in the world 
 till about the time of Belus, and the beginning of 
 Gentilifm) were not till long after the ufe of letters, 
 if Enoch's prophecy were not preferved by un- 
 written tradition, and the former apoci^phal mo- 
 numents have other foundation than the wit of the 
 Rabbins, which we can by no means aflent to in 
 the general. Befides, if we apply it to intaglias ii;i 
 ftone, feals, and the like j for having been almoft 
 coevous with rings (what was elfe the lignet which 
 JuDAH left with his daughter Tamar ? *) it que- 
 ftionlefs derives its original before any hiflory, at 
 prefent extant in the world, divine or human, was 
 committed to writing j of which he who has a thirlt 
 to fatisfy his curiofity farther, may confult Gor- 
 L^us, or For tun. Licetus de annulis antiquo- 
 rum : where alio concerning their Sculpture, 
 firft in iron, then in gold, other metals, and ftones ; 
 and of which very much might be added, both 
 touching their dignity, fignification, and how they 
 came at length to be worn fo univerfally. Some- 
 thino; we misfht here likewife infert of their conftel- 
 lated figures, or talifmans, long fince engraven 
 upon certain inftants and periods of the fun's mgrefs 
 into fuch and fuch particular figns of the Zodiac, 
 treated of by Francis Rue us the phyfician, 
 Tralianus, and \injtar omnium] "efpecially" 
 by the learned Gaffarel at large : but we haiien 
 to that which follows. 
 * xxxviii Gen. 18. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
the Hifldry of Chalcography. 33 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 Of the reputation and progrefs <?/Sculptur£ amongfi 
 the Greeks and Romans^ down to the middle ages ; 
 with fome pretenfwns to the invention of copper 
 cuts, and their impreffions. 
 
 "E have nov/ done with the original j and will 
 next endeavour to inveftigate what progrefs 
 it has made amongft thofe glorious and univerfal 
 monarchs, when Sculpture and all other noble 
 arts were in their aicendent and higheft reputation, 
 I mean the Greeks and the Romans : for to the firil 
 does Herodotus appropriate the perfeftion of 
 this art, not admitting it to have arrived at the 
 latter till about the time of Spurius Cassius, 
 whenBAPTiSTA Albert I afcribes it to his country- 
 men the Tufcans. 
 
 Thofe who have well furveyed the natural hif- 
 tory of Pliny, will eafily commute for the omif- 
 fion, if, out of pure indulgence to their eyes only, 
 we forbear the tranfcribing of at leafl three or four 
 entire chapters, induftriouHy baulking thofe ample 
 and luxurious fields di ftatues, as under thtfufile 
 and plafiic head* •, becaufe it fuits not with our pre- 
 lent defign and inftitution : for to pafs over the 
 figures in metal, thofe oigypfum and other materials, 
 the [fculptores marmoris'] " flatuaries in marble'* 
 were, lb many, and the Greeks fo extravagantly 
 
 * L' 33' 34' 56. c. 8, iz, 6, 
 
 D fond 
 
54 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 fond of their works, that at Rhodes alone, that 
 fmall iiland, were no lefs than feventy-three thou- 
 fand [/g^/'^] " ftatucs ; " nor were there fewer at 
 Athens, Olympia, Delphi, and leveral ether cities, 
 whereof wliole armies were transferred to Rome, 
 after Achaia had been conquered by L. Mummius, 
 at w^hich period the Greek arts began to rife, and 
 be in fuch reputation among them ; and this to fo 
 high an excefs, as Pliny records of his age, that 
 there were almofl as many ftatues as men, by a 
 kind ot noble contention, fays Sir H» Wot ton*, 
 in point of fertility betwixt art and nature -, and 
 which he and my lord Bacon improve to a po- 
 htic, as well as altogether an expenceful magnifi- 
 cency. It ihall then fuffice that we be fparing in 
 iliefe inifances, and keep ourfelves to thofe works 
 and intaglias only, which do neareft approach our 
 defign j of which fort may be efteemed thofe 
 anz(7'4:fayia-iJ.(zra. " feals" mentioned by Pliny, in 
 which art that famous Pyrgoteles didfo excel, as 
 made Alexander the great ordain , that none fhould 
 prefume to carve his effigies fave him only, to 
 paint or caflhim befides Afelles andLvsippus: 
 Edi5io vetuit^ ne quis fe^ pr^eter Apellemj 
 Pingerei ; aut alius Lyfippo diiceret ^era^ 
 
 Forth Akxandri viiltum firnulantia. -f 
 
 Had Qiieen Elizabeth been thus circumfpetSt, 
 tliere had not been fo many \.i!e copies multiplied 
 iVoj"!! an ill painting-, as being called in, and brought 
 to Effex-houfc \^ did for fcveral years furnifh the 
 })aflry-men with peels for the ule of their ovens. 
 
 * Element. ArdiileSi. Injiaurat. Scient. I HoK. EpiJ}. 2.- 
 
 1 Where mv lord Leicester then lived. 
 
the I-Iiiroiy of Chalcography, 35 
 
 We willi the fame might pleafe his Majesty ; 
 and that none, fave fuch as tor their execllent ta- 
 lent had particular indulgence, might any more 
 dare to reprefent his facred perfon in painting or 
 carving, than in his coin and royal fignature : for 
 it is feriouily a reproachful thing, only to behold 
 hov/ it is protaned by the hand of lb m.any vile and 
 wretched bunglers (they deferve not the name of 
 workmen) as blulh not daily to expofe their own 
 Ihame in fo precious and revered a llibje6l : and 
 that the heads of kings and heroes ihould be per- 
 mitted to hang for figns, among cats and ov/is, 
 dogs and affes, at the pleafure of every tavern and 
 tipling-houfe, we have frequently flood in admira- 
 tion of. But fo did not that of Al e x an d £ r as v/-e 
 noted; norwould August us make himfelf cheaper, 
 than that great mailer of his time Dioscorides 
 pleafed, whom he particularly chofe to preferve 
 and derive his divine effigies to the after ages, and 
 to the honour of his memory, by v/hat he left in 
 thofe fignets and other Hones which he cut for that 
 renowned emperor. Thus Sculpture began to 
 be moll eminent in Hones and gemis, [auro, argentc, 
 are J ferro^ ligno^ ebore, marmore^ vitro, &:c.] " in 
 " gold, filver, brafs, iron, wood, ivory, marble, 
 " glafs, Gfc." as this author affirms -, where dif- 
 courfing of the famous works which were left by the 
 mailers of note upon record in his time, he fecms 
 to afcribe the invention to D i p o e n u s and S c y l l i s : 
 for we fliall not here afcend fo high as Prome- 
 theus, or fpeakmxuch of Ideocus, Eucirapus, 
 Lysistratus, Demophilus, Daedalus, Leo- 
 chares, Pqlicarmus, Myrmecides, and in- 
 D 2 numerable 
 
36 S C U L P T U R A : Of, 
 
 numerable others. It would be tedious (as we faid) 
 to tranfcribe the names but of the pieces only of 
 all thofe renowned men whom he there celebrates 
 for their engravings on armour, cups, rings, glafs, 
 even to the very \_figuli?ia vafa cJlata^ '* earthen 
 *' veiTels,'* fuch asCoTYS brake ofpurpofe, left 
 fome other unexpefted accident or mifchance might 
 put him into pafiion, as Plutarch tells the 
 ilory*. Hydrias and water pots were thus wrought, 
 and Pliny fpeaks of the engraving even of bread. 
 'Tis yet obfervable, that very few were found who 
 took any pleafure to engrave in gold (as we con- 
 ceive) being too foft a metalj but multitudes that 
 wrought in filver, efpecially the famous Mentor, 
 of whofe work Varro affirms he had a peice in 
 his pofleffion, which he infinitely valued ; for, it 
 feems, he had never finifhed above eight, which 
 were m.oft of them loft. Two more of his cups 
 had L. CrafTus the orator, prized at [c.h?.} 
 " an hundred fefterces, about 800/." \_confeJ[fus eft 
 tamen fe nunquam his uti^ propter verecundiam aufum."] 
 " fo rich, it feems, and magnificent they were, 
 " that even this great perfon profefTed he never 
 " durft make ufe of them out of pure modefty, 
 " and to avoid the cenfure of being thought too 
 " luxurious." Martial defcribes another, where 
 a lizard was fo lively reprefented, men were afraid 
 it would bite ; 
 
 Inferta phials Mentoris mmm doBa 
 
 Lacerta vi'vit^ ^ timetur argentum. 
 
 Next to Mentor, was Acragus, Boethus,' 
 
 and My s, whofe mafter-peicewas expofed at Rhodes j 
 
 * P;-UT. in Apephthegi 
 
 efpecially 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 57 
 
 efpecially thofe glorious vafa and goblets of the 
 Bacchanalia engraven by the forementioned AccAi 
 G us, and of bofcage chafes, and hunting. Fa- 
 mous alfo wereCALAMis, Antipater, andSxRA- 
 TONicus, who engraved The fatyr Jleeping, a ftu- 
 pendous peice of art j then there flouriihed Tau- 
 RisEus of Cizicum, Aristus ^ndEuNicus both 
 of them Mitylenians i likewife He gates, and the 
 renowned Praxiteles, about the time of Pom- 
 pey : Posjdonius of Ephefus, and Ledus fa- 
 mous for reprefenting of battkf, ^c. To be 
 bjrief (for their works are endlefs) Zopirus, who 
 engraved T^'hs court of the Areo^agi in a cup, and 
 The trial of Orejles : after him lived Pytheus, 
 and leveral others too lo,ng here to recite. Nor 
 were all thefe gravers in flat j but, as we faid, in 
 relievo fome of them, and more approaching to 
 the ftatuary •, befides fuch as were •excellent medal- 
 lifts from Auguftus, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, 
 Galba, &c. down to the rei2;ns of Commodus and 
 Pertinax j for from Severus it greatly decayed, and 
 the moft tolerable engravings of the former lafted 
 but to Nerva ; the beft being thole which were cut 
 and ftamped in the time of Caligula, Claudius, and 
 Nero-, about which period Sculpture beginning 
 to degenerate in Greece, it travelled and came to 
 Rome, now opulent and vidlorious. But after 
 thefe, and the formerly recorded by Pliny, there 
 were not many who left either name or v/ork fa- 
 mous to pofterity : for, befides that the monarchy 
 was foon broken and difordered, the later emperors 
 became lefs curious, rich and magnificent ; fo as 
 -even in the time of the great Constantine itfelf, 
 
 D 3 arts 
 
r-4 - 
 
 ^8 SC ULPTU RA: or, 
 
 arts began manifeftly to degenerate : but when af- 
 terwards the Goths and Saracens had broken in 
 upon the Roman empire, and made thole horrid 
 devaftaticns, they were in a manner utterly loft ; 
 as the relics which they left in ftatuary, fculpture, 
 architefture, letters, and all other good arts do yet 
 teftify. It is true, that the ruder Danes and Nor- 
 vegians had in thefe times their nmic writings, or 
 engraven letters, as in their rimfioc or primftaff^ 
 fome fquare or long peice of board, or ftafF, hav- 
 ing an almanac carved on it : fo they engraved 
 their letters on bones, either whole, or diced, and 
 bound up together, like our tallies \ alio upon 
 jaw-bones of the greater fiilies, taken on their 
 coafts : and Wormius in Faft. Dan. 1. i. chap, 
 1 8. m.entions Danifli hieroglyphics on the tombs 
 of their old heroes ; lions, bears, horfes, dogs 
 dragons, fnakes, i^c. wrought on '>lie'-^Tafde 
 rocks, together with 'runic charafters ; fo as tliefe 
 nations feldom travelled without their gr^ef-i or 
 gr^ef-faXt a. kind of point or ftiletto, with which 
 they ufed to carve out letters and other figtrr-es upon 
 occafion j but it was yet fo rude, and their gufto 
 fo depraved, that they demolifhed and ruined all 
 thofe goodly fabrics and excellent works wherever 
 they became mailers, introducing their lame and 
 wretched manner in all thofe arts which they pre- 
 tended to reftore, even when nov/ they became a 
 little mi ore civilized by the converfation ot thq 
 more polifhed and flourilhing countries : for it was 
 not any general and imaginary decay, which fome 
 have conceited to be diffuled upon the univerfal 
 face of nature, that the fucceeding periods did not 
 
 ■ ■ emerge. 
 
tlie Iliilory of Ch a l c o g r a p h r . 39 
 
 anerge, or attain to the excellency of the former 
 
 ages, antient mafters, and renowned worl-Ls ; but 
 
 to the univerfal decay of noble and heroic ge- 
 
 niulles to encourage them: [Prifcis enim tem-pon- 
 
 bus^ (fays Petronius'*) cum adhiic v.iida placer et 
 
 virtus^ vigehcnt artes ingeniice^ fummumqiie cert'amen 
 
 inter homines erat, ne quid profuturtim f^culis diu 
 
 lateret : ifaque omnium herbaruni fuccos Democriitts 
 
 .exp-ejfit \ i^ ne lapidum virgultorumqiie vis laieret, 
 
 at at em inter experiment a confuinpfit : Eudcxiis quidein 
 
 in cacumine excelfijjimi mentis co?ifsnuit^ ut ajironmi 
 
 c clique motus deprehenderet : i^ Chryfippus ut ad in- 
 
 ventionem fufficeret, ter hellebcro ayiimum deterf.t : 
 
 verum, ut ad plajias convert ar^ Lyjippum fiatuce unius 
 
 lineamentis inh^rcntem inopia exftinxit ; ^ Myron^ 
 
 qui pane hominmn ajiiwMs ferarumque are compre- 
 
 henderat, non invenit heredem. At nos vinoj fcor- 
 
 tifqiie demerf., ne paratas quidem artes audemus cog- 
 
 ncfcere, fed accufatores antiqiiitatis^ vitia ta?:tum do- 
 
 cemus ^ difcimus, (^c. Noli to ergo mirari, Ji pi^ura 
 
 defecit, cum omnibus diis hcminibufque formofwr vi- 
 
 deatur majfa auri, quam quicquid Apelks^ Phidiafve, 
 
 Graculi delirantes fecerunt.] " For in ancient times, 
 
 " (fays Petronius) when virtue was admired for 
 
 " its own fike, the liberal arts flourifhed, and there 
 
 '* was an eager emulation among men for the dif^ 
 
 " covery of whatever might be ufeful to pofterity. 
 
 " Thus Democritus extradled the juices of the 
 
 " various kinds of herbs, and fpent his life in 
 
 '*' making experiments upon minerals and plants, 
 
 . *' that he might be acquainted with their virtues. 
 
 * Satyr. 
 
 D 4 « EuDOXUS 
 
40 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 " EuDoxus lived even to old age on the top of a 
 " high mountain, contemplating the motions of 
 *^ the heavenly bodies; and Chrysippus, to 
 '-''■ quicken his invention, thrice drank helebore. 
 " But to fpeak of ftatuaries, (which comes nearejb 
 our infiance) " Lyoippus perilhed with want, while 
 " he was intenfdy applying hiniielf to iinilh a cepf 
 *^ tain llatiie ■, and Myron, who could ahnoft ani- 
 " mate his brazen figures of men and beails, died 
 " in extreme poverty. But we, in this age of 
 *' drunkennefs and debauchery, are too flothful, 
 " even to fbudy thoie arts which are already in- 
 " vented ; v/e defpife antiquity, and vice is the 
 " only leflbn which is taught or learned, ^c. He 
 concludes: "Wonder not, therefore, if the Art 
 " OF Painting has declined; fince, in the eyes 
 " of Gods and men, a heap of gold has more 
 " beauty, than all the works of thole doting Greeks 
 " Apelles and Phidias." 
 
 And if thus, even in the greateft height and per- 
 feftion of the fciencesj the eloquent fatyrill could 
 find jufl reafon to deplore their decadence, and cen- 
 fure the vices of that age ; what Ihall we fay of ours, 
 fo miferably declining, and prodigioufiy degenerate ? 
 We want Alexanders, Augustus's, fuch as 
 Francis the I. Cosmo di Medicis, Charles 
 theV. thofe fathers and Mec^nas's of the arts; who, 
 by their liberality and affeftion to virtue, may flimu- 
 late and provoke men to gallant exploits -, and that 
 being thereby once at their eafe from the penury 
 and neceffities which deprefs the nobleft mindsi 
 they might work for glory, and not for thofe 
 trifling and illiberal rewards, which hardly would 
 
 find 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 41 
 
 find them bread, ihould they employ but half that 
 time upon their iludies, which were requifite to 
 bring their labours to the fupremeft perfctflion. 
 Since, according to that faying, [nSh Ta-v y.sydAccv 
 aov'-^ yi'JiTcu] " nothing which is great, can Le 
 " done without leifurej " if a quarter of that which 
 is thrown away upon cards, dice, dogs, miftrefles, 
 bafe and vitious gallantries, and impertinent follies, 
 were employed to the encouragement of arts and 
 promotion of fcience, how illuftrious and magni- 
 ficent would that age be, how glorious and infi->- 
 nitely happy ? We complain of the times prefent, 
 •tis we that make them bad j we admire the for- 
 mer, 'tis the effedt of our ignorance only ; and 
 which is yet more criminal, in that we have had 
 their examples to inftru6t, and have made them to 
 reproach us. Pardon this indignation of ours, O 
 ye that love virtue, and cultivate the fciences I 
 ' To return to our inftitution again : Sculpture 
 and Chalcography feem to have been of much 
 ancienter date in China than with us -, where all 
 their writings and printed records ivere engraven 
 either on copper plates or cut in tablets of wood, 
 of which fome we pofTefs, and have feen more, re- 
 prefenting (in ill pidiures) landikips, ftories, and the 
 like. JosEPHus Scaliger affirms, that our firft 
 letters in Europe were thus cut upon wood, before 
 they invented the [typos ^neos] " metal types ; '* 
 inftancing in a certain Horologium B. Maria^ which 
 he fays he had feen printed upon parchment a great 
 while fince : but Semedo* would make the world 
 belieye, that the forementioned Chinefe have beerj 
 * Hift. Chin, part i. cap. 7. 
 
 pofTelled 
 
42 SC ULPTURA: or, 
 
 polTeiied of this invention about fixteen hundred 
 years, fome others affirm three tiioufand leven 
 hundred. However, that they were really mailers 
 ot it long before us, is univerfally agreed upon ; 
 and it is yet in fuch elleem amongll them, that the 
 very artifan, who compounds the ink tor the prefs, 
 is not accounted amongfl the mechanic profellors ; 
 but is dignified with a liberal falary, and particular 
 privileges. They alfo engrave upon ftone, and 
 imprint with it i but with this difference in the 
 working off, that the paper being black, the fculp- 
 ture remains white. More admirable is that which 
 they attefc v/as found in Mexico, and other places 
 of the new world, where they hieroglyphized both 
 their thoughts, hiflories, and inventions, to poflerity, 
 not much unlike to the Jigyptians, though in lefs 
 durable and permanent m.atter. The fame likewife 
 Jo. Laet affinr.s of the fculpture among the Aca- 
 dian, and diofe of Nova Francia j lb natural (it 
 leems) and uleful was this art, even to the leafl ci- 
 vilized amongft the heathens. And there is, indeed, 
 nothing at which we more admire and deplore, than 
 that this facile and obvious invention, and which 
 v/ould have tranfmitted to us lb many rare and ad- 
 mirable things, was never hit uponam.ong the Greeks 
 and inventive Romans, v/ho engraved lb many in- 
 fcriptions both in brafs and marble, imprelTed and 
 publifhed fo many thoufands of medals and coins, 
 -a.s are in the hands and colled:ions of the virtuoli, 
 snd the bowels of the earth, wherever their con- 
 quefts extended themfelves, or eagles difplayed their 
 wings. 
 
 CHAR 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 4^ 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Of the invention and p'ogrefs <?/ C h a l c o g r a p h V 
 in -particular ; together with an ample enumeration 
 of the mofi renowned Masters, ayid their Works. 
 
 THE art of Engraving, and working off 
 from plates of copper, which we call Prints, 
 was not yet appearing, or born v/ith us, till about the 
 year m c c c c x c ; which was near upon fifty years after 
 typography had been found out by John Guittem- 
 BERG, or whoever that lucky perfon were (for 'tis 
 exceedingly controverted) that firft produced the 
 invention. There is a coUeftion of ancient offices 
 adorned v/ith feveral fculptures (if lb we may term 
 thofe wretched gravLngs in the infancy of this art) 
 where the devil is but one great blot (as indeed he 
 is the fouleft of the creation) and the reft of the 
 figures monochroms as ridiculous and extravagant ; 
 though ftill as the invention grew older, refining 
 and improving upon it. One of the antienteft 
 gravings which we have feen, to which any mark 
 is appofed, hath M. 3. and M. C. in one of the 
 corners of the plates ; and it was long that they 
 ufed the initial letters of their names only, and 
 ibmetimes but one, as in thofe of Lucas. Albert 
 I)uRER did frequently add the year of the Lord, 
 and his own age from ten to fourteen, t^c. per- 
 forming fuch things as might iham.e moft of the 
 befl mafters, for the true and fleady defign, the in- 
 CQmparable proportion, and fbroke of his graver. 
 
 But 
 
44 SCULPTOR A: or. 
 
 But Israel Martin, Schon, andtheToDESco 
 (who is by fome Ibrnamed, " the mafter of the can- 
 " dleitick," becauie of the foulnefs of his ink) 
 were of the very firft, as far as we can coUedl, who 
 pubUfhed any works of this kind under their names, 
 wrought off by the rolhng-prefs, and whofe (lender 
 attempts gave encouragement to thofe who have 
 fucceeded. 
 
 Giorgio Vasari, who has been exceedingly 
 curious in this enquiry, attributes the firft inven- 
 tion of this art to one Ma so Finiguerra a Flo- 
 rentine, about Anno mcccclx, which exceeds our 
 former computation by thirty years : but then we 
 are to confider by what progrefs and degrees i for it 
 was firft only in filver, to fill with a certain encau- 
 ftic or black enamel, which it feems gave him. the 
 firll hint how to improve it in plates ot brafs, which 
 having engraved, he did only fume, taking ofi^ the 
 imprefiion with a moift paper and a rolling-pin. 
 This mean commencement was yet afterwards per- 
 fued by^ACCio Baldini a goldfmith, his coun- 
 tryman, whofe works coming to the fight of An- 
 drea Man T EON a in Rome, invited that great 
 painter to give him fome defigns of his own for his 
 encouragement , and from thence it travelled into 
 Flanders to one Ma r t i n of Antwerp, whole works 
 (as we obferved) were ufually counterfigned v/ith 
 M. the firfb whereof were 1'be five wife and f,ve 
 foolijh virgins^ and A crucifix.^ which was ib well 
 cut, that Gerardo a Florentine painter would 
 needs copy it : after this he publilhed his Four 
 evangelijls ; Our Saviour^ and 'The tisoelve apofiles ; 
 A Veronica j St. George j Chrift before Pilate ; An 
 
 affumption 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 45 
 
 aJfumpHon of the B. Virgin^ one of the rareft that 
 ever he did \ befides that St. Anthonfs temptation, 
 which was fo well performed, that Michael An- 
 GELO (exceedingly ravifhed with it) would needs 
 walh it over with liis own hands. 
 
 The next that appeared of note, was the for- 
 merly mentioned and renowned Albert Durer, 
 who flourilhed about the year mdiii, and who had 
 performed wonders both in copper and wood, had 
 he once fortuned upon the leait notion of that ex- 
 cellent manner, which came afterwards to be in 
 vogue, of giving things their natural diftances and 
 agreeable fweetnefs, the defed: of which Sir H. 
 Wot TON does worthily perilringe both in him and 
 Ibme others*. But to proceed: Albert, being 
 very young, fet forth Our lady % fome deligns of 
 horfes after the life ; 'The prodigal j St. Sehafiian in 
 little % A nymph ravijhed by a monfter 5 A woman en 
 horfeback ; Diana chajtifing a nymph who flies to a 
 fatyr for protecftion, in which he difcovered his ad- 
 mirable talent and fkill in exprefTmg nudities •, A 
 countryman and woman playing on bagpipes., with 
 poultry^ &c. about them ; Fenus, or the tempta- 
 tion of the ftove ; his two St. Chrijlophers, rare 
 cuts. After that, he engraved feveral ftamps in 
 wood, proof whereof he gave in The decollation of 
 St. Jo. Bapt. with Herodias ; Pope Sixtus ; St. 
 Stephen ; Lazarus ; St. George ; A paffion in great ; 
 The lafi [upper \ Chriji^s apprehenfton in the garden^ 
 defcent i?ito Umbo., and refurre£fion ; with eight more 
 prints of this fubje(St, which are held to be Ipurious : 
 All thefe he publifhed Anno mdx. The year fol- 
 
 * Element of Architeft, 
 
 lowing 
 
45 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 lowing, he fet forth The life of our lady in twenty 
 iheets rarely conduced ; 'The Apocalyps in fifteen 
 Iheets, of which the painters have made fufficient 
 life -y Chriji bemoaning our fins. Then applying 
 himfelf to grave in copper again, he publiflied his 
 M.elanchclia\ three different Madcnas j with thirty 
 peices befides concerning The pafjion i and v/hich 
 being afterwards imitated by that rare artifl Marco 
 Antonio (who had procured them at Venice) and 
 publiflied for originals {{o exadlly it feems they were 
 performed) did fo incenle Albert, that he made a 
 journey to Venice exprefiy to complain of the in- 
 jury to the fenate, and obtained at lafl, that M. 
 Antonio fhould no more be permitted to let his 
 mark or plagia, which was all he could procure of 
 them. Another emulator of Albert's was Lucas 
 van Leyden, whom, at his return into Germany, 
 he found had v.tU near overtaken him-for the fweet- 
 nefs of his burin, though fomething inferior of de- 
 iign : fuch were A Chrift bearing the crofs, and an- 
 other of his Crucifixion j Sampfon , David on a 
 horfe ; 'The tnartyrdom of St. Peter j Saul and David ; 
 The flaughter of Goliah; the famous P^^tr ; Virgil' s, 
 and fome other heads , all which works did lb in- 
 flame his antagoniil Albert, that in a laudable 
 revenge, he publiflied his Arnied^_ca/ualier or dream, 
 in which the brightnefs and luftre of the armour and 
 horfe is rarely conducfled. Then in the year mdxii 
 he fet forth fix other fmall ftories of 'The pajfon, 
 which Lucas alfo imitated, though hardly reached; 
 then A St. George i Solomon's idolatry j The baptifm 
 of our herd \ Pyramus and Thijbe -, Ahafuerus and 
 Efiher; (s'c Thefe again incited Albert to pub- 
 
 liHi 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 47 
 
 lifli that Temperaniia^ whom he elevates above the 
 clouds J St. Eujlathius and the hart^ a moft in- 
 comparable cut ; his Death's head in a fctitcheon •, 
 and leveral German coats full of rare mantlinos and 
 invention j alfo St. Hierom j A Chriji and tijoelve 
 apojlles in fmali. Anno mdxxiii many heads, as 
 that of Erafinus, cardinal Albert., the Imperial elec- 
 tor's., and his own., with divers others. ■ 
 
 Lucas again, in emulation of thefe, {tt forth 
 his Jofe^h, and Four evangelifis ; ^he angels appear- 
 ing to Abraham ; Sufanna j David praying •■, Morde- 
 cai triumphing \ Lot; The creation of Adam and Eve -, 
 the ftory oi Cain and AbeU An?io mdxxix. But 
 what procured him immortal glory v/as his great 
 crucifix, ecce home, and converfion of St. Paul, in 
 which he exceded himfelf both for the work and 
 ordonance -, the diftances being better conduced 
 than Albert's, and indeed fo well obferved, as 
 gave light even to fome of the beft painters that 
 llicceded him -, fo much are they obliged to this 
 art, and to this rare workman. He graved alfo 
 feveral madonas. Our blejjed Saviour and apofiles ; 
 together with divers faints, arms, and mantlings, 
 2L mountebank, and many more. 
 
 But to return now into Italy from whence we firfl 
 fallied. In the time of Raphael Urbin flou- 
 rifhed the renowned Marco Antonio, who 
 graved after thofe incomparable peices of that fa- 
 mous painter ; to whom he was fo dear, that the 
 honour he has done him to pofterity will appear, 
 as long as that fchool of Raphael remains in the 
 pope's cham.ber at the Vatican, or any memorial of 
 it lafts : though, to fpeak truth, even of this rare 
 
 engraver. 
 
48 S C U L P T U R A : on ' 
 
 engraver, the peices which he hath pubhihed (ccm 
 to be more eftimable yet for the choice and imita- 
 tion, than for any other perfe6tion of the burin ; 
 as forming mofb of his figures and touches of too 
 equal force, and by no means well obferving the 
 diftances, according to the rules of perfpe6live, 
 that tendernefs, and, as the Italians term it, mor- 
 bidezza in the hatchings, which is abfolutely requi- 
 fite to render a peice accomplifhed and without re- 
 proach. 
 
 We have recited above what he copied after Al- 
 bert DuRER : but being at Rome, and applying 
 himfelf to Raphael, he cut that rare Lucretia of 
 his, which he performed fo much to fatisfaftion, 
 that divers excellent painters delired him to pub- 
 lifh many of their works. This produced Ur bin's 
 Judgment of Paris, at which the city was fo ravifh- 
 ed, that they decreed the golden apple to Anto- 
 nio before the fair goddefs. Then he fet forth 
 The /laughter of the innocents^ Neptune^ The rape of 
 Helena, all of them of Raphael's defigning; alia 
 The martyrdom of St, Felix in the boiling oil, which 
 purchafed him fo much fame and credit : but this 
 excellent painter would always from that time for- 
 wards, have one of his fervants to attend only M. 
 Antonio's rolling-prefs, and to work off his 
 plates, , vv^hich then began to be marked with R. S. 
 for Raphael Sancio, v/hich was the name of 
 Urbin, and with M. F. for Marco fecit. Of 
 thefe there is A Venus defigned by Raphael, 
 Abraham and his handmaid. After this he graved 
 all thole round dejigns painted in the Vatican by the 
 fame hand J 1 ike wife the C(?//<?/'^, Providentia, Juf- 
 
 titia^ 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 49 
 
 tilia, the Mufes, Apollo, Parnafus, the Poets ^ ALnea^ 
 ■and Anchifes, tht idiU\QUs Galatea, all of them after 
 Raphael : alfo The three theological virtues, and 
 Four moral j Pax ; Chriji and the twelve % feve- 
 ral Madonas; St. Hierome ; Tohit ; St. Jo. Baptift ; 
 and divers other y^i;z/j- i befides many prints after 
 the cartoons of Raphael, which had been de^^ 
 figned to be wrought in tapeftry and arras, as the 
 itorits of St. Peter, Paul, Stephen, John, St.Catha" 
 rine -, and fundry heads to the life. Sec. efpecially 
 that incomparable one of Pietro Aretino the poet. 
 Some things likewife being fent by Al b e r t Dur e r 
 out of Germany to Raphael, were, upon his re* 
 commendation, afterwards cut by M. Antonio^ 
 together with The innocents, A ccenaculum, and St, 
 Cecilia's martyrdom^ of Raphael's invention. Then 
 he publilhed his Tzvelve apoftles in little' j and divers 
 faints for the help of painters, as St. Hierom -, The 
 naked woman and the lion, after Raphael ; Au^ 
 rora \ and from the antique, the Three graces. 
 
 Marco di Ravenna was one of Antonio's 
 fcholars, who had alfo, together with Au ousting 
 Venetiano, the honour to dignify his gravings 
 with Raphael's cypher; though the latter often 
 ufed A. V. I. his own initial letters. Of both their 
 cutting are AMadona, with AChriJius mortuus j and 
 in a large fheet The B. Virgin prayings and A nati- 
 vity in great alfo : The metamorphofts of Lycaon ; A 
 perfumer ; Alexander magnus and Roxana ; A ccsna 
 domini; The annunciation-, all defigned by Ra- 
 phael. Befides thefe were fet forth two ftories of 
 The marriage ofPfyche-, and indeed there was hardly 
 any thing which ever Raphael either painted or 
 E deligned, 
 
50 S C U L P TiJ R A : or, 
 
 defigned, but what was graven by one or both of 
 thele workmen ', befides divers other things after 
 GiuLio Romano, w'z. all that he painted in 
 Raphael's lodge, or gallery in the Vatican, fome 
 whereof are figned with M. R. and others with A. 
 V. to fhew they had been imitated by others, as 
 was 'J'he creation ; The facrifice af Cain and Abel v 
 Noah ', Abraham y The fajfage over the redfea ; The 
 fromulgation of the law ; The fall of manna •, David 
 and Goliah ; which affo M. A n t on i o had publifhed 
 before-, as likewife The temple of Solomon •, \\\s Judg- 
 ment on the harlots y The queen of Sheba's vifit -, and 
 many other hiitories colled:ed out of the Old Tejia- 
 ment ; all v/hich were publifhed before R a p h a e l's 
 deceafe. For after that, August ino wrought 
 with Baccio Bandinelli, a fculptor of Flo- 
 rence, M^ho caufed him to grave his Antonius ayid 
 Cleopatra^ ■ v^ry rare things v with divers other 
 defigns, as The flaughter of the innocents^ divers 
 'Nudities, and Clad figures ; not to omit thofe ex- 
 cellent and incomparable drawings and paintings 
 of Andrea del Sarto after which he graved, 
 though in the Chrtjius mortuus not altogether fuc- 
 ceeding fo well as had been wilhed. 
 
 But to come again to Marco Antonio, be- 
 eaufe there is not a paper of his to be loft. After 
 Raphael's death, did Giulio Romano publifh 
 fome of bis own defigns in print : I fay, after his 
 deaths for before, though he were an excellent 
 painter, yet durft he never take the boldnefs upon 
 him. Such were The duel of bcrfes ; A Venus, 
 which he had formerly painted i The penance of 
 Mary Magdalen ; the Four evangelijls ; and fome 
 
 Ba[fo 
 
the Hillory of Chalcography. 51 
 
 Bajfo Relievos -^ with many things that Raphael 
 had defigned for the Corridor of the Vaticaii, 
 and which were afterward retouched by Tom a so 
 Barlacchi. We will not contaminate this dif- 
 tourfe, with thofe Twenty vile defgns o/Giulio cut 
 by M. Antonio, and celebrated with the impure 
 verfes of Peter Aretino, by which he fo difhonour- 
 ed this excellent art, as well as himfelf j becaufe it 
 deferved a feverer animadverfion and chaftifement 
 than was infli6led upon him for it : though, to 
 commute for this extravagancy, he publifl^ed The 
 Martyrdom ofSt. Laurence y in which he alfo reformed 
 thofe defigns of^ACCio Bandinelli, to the 
 great reputation of the art of Chalcography. 
 ' About the fame time flourifhed Giovanni Bat- 
 TiSTA Mantuano, difciplc of Giulio Romano ; 
 who publilhed a Madona ; his Armed Mars and Ve- 
 nus ; The burning of Troy^ an extraordinary peice ; 
 (his prints are ufually figned I. B. M. ) alfo his 
 Three Jheets of battles, cut by fome other hand j A 
 phyf,cian applying of cupping glaffes to a woman ; 
 Chriji*s journey into Mgypt \ Romulus and Remus % 
 the ftories of Pluto, Jupiter, and Neptune ; The 
 miferies of imprifonr/ient -, interview of the Armies of 
 Scipio and Hannibal; St. John Baptifi^s nativity, cut 
 by Sebailiano de Reggioj all after Giulio Ro- 
 mano. 
 
 Giorgio Ma NTUANofet forth the Facciata of 
 the pope's chapel j Michael Angelo'j judgment ; 
 St. Peter's martyrdom ; The converfwn of St. Paul ; 
 &c. And fome plates were fent abroad about the 
 year mdxxx, eaten with aqua fortis after Parme- 
 sans. For, as [ab are, deventum ad tabula s cera- 
 E 2 tasY 
 
B2 fe C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 tas] '' brafs was fucceeded by waxed tables," iff 
 writing, the life of the pahmpfeilus, table books, 
 \plumba lajnelW] " leaden plates," and the like ; 
 fo happened it alfo in this art of Chalcography -, 
 and etching with corrofive waters began by fome 
 to be attempted with laudable fuccels, as in this 
 recital we fhall frequently have occafion to remem- 
 ber. But, whether thofe fymeters and blades 
 brought us from Damafcas, and out of Syria, and 
 wrought with thefe ftrong waters, might give any 
 light to this expeditious and ufeful invention, we 
 are not yet informed ; and the effedt was fufficiently 
 obviouSj after that of the burin had been well con- 
 fidered. 
 
 Ugo da Carpi did things in ftamp, which ap- 
 peared as tender as any drawings, and in a new 
 way of chiaro ofcuro, or mezzo-tiyito^ by the help of 
 two plates exadlly counter-calked ; one ferving for 
 the Ihadow, the other for the heightening. And 
 of this he publifhed A Sybil after Raphael; which 
 fucceeded fo rarely well, that he improved the cu- 
 riofity to three colours -, as his JEneas andAnchifeSy 
 Defcent from the crofs, ftory of Simon Magus, a 
 David after the fame Urbin, and 3. Venus, do tti- 
 tify. This occafioned many others to imitate him ; 
 as, in particular, 
 
 Baldassare Peruzzij who graved tht Her-. 
 cules, Parnajfus and Mufes -, and Francisco 
 Parmegiano, who having fet out Diogenes in this 
 guife, a very rare print, inftrudled Antonio di 
 Trento in the art, who pubhlhed his Peier and 
 Paul in chiaro ofcuro ; The Tyburtine Sybil ; and A 
 Madona. ' But none was there who exceeded thofe 
 
 of 
 
the Hiftory of Ch a l c o g r a p h y , ^3 
 
 ©fBECCAFUMii efpecially, his Two apofiks in 
 wood, and The akhmiji in aqua fortis. 
 
 Francisco Parmegianq (whom we already- 
 mentioned) may be efteemed for one of the firft 
 that brought the ufe of aqua fortis into reputation j 
 fo tender and graceful were fome of his etchings, as 
 appears in that v2iVQ.Defcent of the crofs^ JSfativity^ and 
 feveral other pieces. 
 
 ■ Baptista Vicentinq, and Pe^ M9R0 itt 
 forth many curious Landfchapes. 
 
 Girolamo Cocu The liberal fciences^ &c. 
 
 Giacomo del Cavaqlio cut many things afr 
 ter Rosso Fiorentino, as The i^etamorpko/is of 
 Saturn into a horfe j The rape of Proferpine ; Anto- 
 ninus and the fwan ; fome of the Herculean labours-, 
 a. book of the Gi?^^ and their transformations^whtreof 
 part are after Perino del Vaga ; gjifo The rape 
 of the Sabines^ an incomparable print, had it been 
 perfedl ; but the city of Rome happening ajC that 
 time to be in fome diforder, the plates were loft. 
 He graved likewife for Parmegiano The efpoufals 
 of our lady, and A rare nativity after Titian ; 
 not to conceal his admirable talent in cutting of 
 onyxes, chryftals, and other pftimable ftones. 
 
 Eneas vico de Parma engraved 27?^ rape of 
 Helena after old Ro s s o ; A Vulcan with fome Cupids 
 about him •, Leda after Mich. Angelo ; The an- 
 nunciation defigned by Titian ; the ftory of Ju- 
 dith', the ponrsiit of Cofmo di Medicis, See. alfo the 
 Contefi Uwixt Cupid and Apollo before the Gods i The 
 converjion of St. Paul in great, a very rare ftamp ; 
 The head of Giovanni di Medicis\ Charles theV; and 
 fome rare medals which are extant in the hands of 
 E 3 the 
 
54 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 the curious : he alfo publiflied Sl George ; fevarai 
 habits of countries j the Jiemmata or trees of the em- 
 perors, and divers other famous pedigrees. 
 
 Lamberto Suave fet forth thirteen prints of 
 Chrifi and his difciples, far better graved than de- 
 figned ; dXio 'The refurre^iion of Lazarus, and a*?/. 
 Paul, which arefkilfully and very laudably handled. 
 
 Gio. Battista de Cavaglieri has cut The 
 defcent from the crofs, AMadona, and many others. 
 
 Antonio Lanferri, andXoMASO Barlac-* 
 om I graved divers things after MichaelAngelo, 
 and procured fo many as were almofb numberlefs : 
 but what they pubHllied of better ufe, were divers 
 grotefcos, antiquities, and peices fei-ving to archie 
 te£iure, taken out of the old buildings and ruins 
 yet extant J which afterwards Seba&tianqSerlio 
 refining upon, compofed the better part of that 
 excellent book of his : and of this nature are the 
 tilings publifhed by Antonio Labbaco, an4 
 Barozzo daVignola. 
 
 The famous Ti t i an himfelf left fome rare things 
 graven with his own hand in wood, believes his P ha-*, 
 roah in the great cartoons, divers landfchapes, A 
 nativity, St. Hierom, St. Frcmas; and in copper, A 
 Tantalus, and a.n Adonis ; alfain hQxThe triumph of J 
 faith, patriarchs, fyUls, inmcents,_ apofiles, martyrs, 
 with. Our Saviour born up in & chariot by the fom. 
 ivangelifis, dolors dund. confeffors; zlioth^B. Virgin', 
 a St. Ama, which he firft painted in chiaro ofcuro 
 on the fepulchre oiLuiai Trivifano in St. Giovanni 
 t paola at Venice •, Sampfo7i and Datila •, ioms-fhep- 
 herds and animals ; Three Bertuccie fitting, and en- 
 C^mv>2iSk<^y{ilhferp€nts\)k^thQLaocom-, not to men- 
 
 tiou 
 
che Hiftory of Chalcography. ^^ 
 
 3^on what were pubiiHied by GiulioBuonasoni, 
 and thofe which were cut after Raphael, Giulio 
 JRoMANO, Parmegiano, and fcveiral Others. 
 
 Baptista Franco, a Venetian painter, ha^ 
 lliewed both his dexterity in the gf ayer and aqua 
 Ibrtis alio, by The nativity^ Adoration of the Magi^. 
 Predication of St. Peter, lome A^s of the Apofiles, 
 Hijiories of the Old Tejlament, after feveral excellent 
 mafters. 
 
 Re NATO did divers rare things after Rosso, as 
 in that of Francis the firfi his paffing ta the temple of 
 Jupiter, The fahtation of the B. Virgin^ . afid A dance, 
 of tenzvomen, with feveral others, 
 
 LucA PfiNNipu bliihed his Two fafyrs whipping 
 of Bacchus, a Leda, Sujanna, and feme things after; 
 Primaticcio: alfo The judgment of Paris -, Ifaac 
 upon the altar \ AMadonct, ACbriJi efpmjing of St. Ca- 
 thai'ine, ThemetamorphoJisofCalifta, Concilium Deo-^ 
 rum, Penelope, and fome others in wood. Who 
 does not with admiration and even extafy behold 
 the works of Francesco MARCOLfNi .^ elpeci^ 
 ally, his Garden of thoughts, fate, enljy, calamity.^, 
 fear, praife, fo incomparably cut in wood. 
 
 Nor lefs worthy of commendation are The grav- 
 ings <?/Gabrielle Giolito, in the Orlando of 
 Ariofto i as alfo thofe Eleven peices of anatomy made 
 for Andrea Veffalius, deflgned by Calcare the 
 Fleming, an excellent painter, and which were 
 afterwards engraven in copper by Valve rde in 
 little. 
 
 Christophero Coriolano graved The heads 
 iii Vasar.'*s lives of ihe paiaters, being after the de- 
 
 $ 4 %i^S 
 
56 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 figns of the fame Vasari ; they are in wood, and 
 rarely done. 
 
 Antonio Salamanca did put forth, fome very 
 good things. 
 
 Andrea Mantegna, that admirable painter, 
 engraved his Triumphs of C^far with great art ; as 
 likewife Baccanalia, and Sea-Gods, a Chriji taken 
 from the crofs, his burial and refurre^fion, which be- 
 ing done both in brafs and wood, were conduced 
 with that (kill, as for the foftnefs and tendernels of 
 the lights, they appeared as if they had been painted 
 in miniature. 
 
 Nor may we here omit to celebrate for the glory 
 of the fex, Propertia de Rossi a Florentine 
 fculptrefs, who having cut ftupendous things in 
 marble, put forth alfo fome rare things infiamp, 
 to be enqpuntred amongft the colleftions of the 
 curious. 
 
 And about this age, or a little after, flourilhed 
 Martin Rota, famous for his Judgment after 
 Michael Angelo in a fmall volume, much to 
 be preferred to that which is commonly fold at 
 Rome in fo many fheets ; likewife his St. Anthony, 
 and divers more. Jacomo Pal ma has, befides 
 his excellent Book of drawing, fet forth many rare 
 peices, very much efteemed. 
 
 An d r e a Ma n t u a n o graved both in wood and 
 copper: of his were '^he triumph^ of our Saviour after 
 Titian, and fome things in chiaro ofcuro after 
 Giovanni di Bologna, and Domenico Bec- 
 cafumi, whom but now we rnentioned j alfo The 
 Ro?nan triumphs in imitation of Mantegna,' i 
 Chrifius nwrtuus after Alexand. Casolini,-^^. 
 
 finally. 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. r^-j 
 
 Finally, towards the end of this century, ap- 
 peared -AuGusTiNO and Annibal Carrache, 
 moft rare painters and exquifite engravers \ for in- 
 deed when thefe two arts go together, then it is, 
 and then only, that we may expect to fee the nt- 
 moft efforts and excellency of the bolino. Amonglt 
 the famous peices comm.unicated to us by thefe 
 mafters,wemayefteemtheM?;/f///, Mneas ofBAR- 
 R o CI o's invention, and St. Hierom. After Ti n t o- 
 RET, the large and famous Crucifix of three fheets 
 in S. Rocco's fchool, which fo ravilhed the painter ; 
 Mercury and the Graces ; Sapientia ; Pax -, Abun- 
 dantia chafing Mars away •, the Ecce homo of Cor- 
 REGGioj 5^. Fr^?;z«Vof Cavalier Vanni ; 2.Ve- 
 nus in little with a Satyr ; and fome other nuditieSy 
 with fomething a too luxurious graver; St. Giu/rma's 
 martyrdom of' Paulo Veronese; St. Catherine i 
 and that renowned St. Hierom of Co r r e g o i o . Aifo 
 in aqua fortis his brother Annie ale etched ano- 
 ther Venus -, 'The woman of Samaria at the well ; a 
 Chrifi; in little -, and a Madcna with the Bambino, 
 and St. John -, the famous St. Roch -, and Ths fpite- 
 ftil coronation with thorns \ the Chrifius mortuus be- 
 wailed by the devout fex, the original ': painting 
 whereof hangs in the duke of Parma's, palace at 
 Caprarvola, and is in the cut one of the tenderelt 
 and rareft things that can be imagined, abating 
 the vilenefs of the plate, which was m.oft unfortu- 
 nately chofen, though, through that accident, 
 rendered inimitable and never to be counterfeited. 
 There is likewife his Magdalen, and A landfchape 
 touched with the graver a little \ likewife a Silenus ; 
 all of them incomparably defigned : nor indeed, 
 " • did 
 
SH S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 did any of the fore celebrated artifts exceed thg 
 Carracci, efpecially Annibale, for the noble- 
 nefs and freedom of hispoflures, bodies and limbs, 
 v/hich he exprefled in greateft perfediion. We may 
 not omit The ;purification^ which he engraved and 
 ViLLAMENA made in large; nor the St. Anthony^ 
 the original whereof is in the palace of fignior 
 Francifco dellaVigna at Venice; norlaftly, The re^ 
 furretiion^ and the two Coenacula, 
 
 In the time of Sixtus Quintus, and fmce, lived 
 Francisco Villamena a rare workman, whe- 
 ther confidered for the equality of his hatches, 
 which he conduced with a liberty and agreeabienefs 
 fuitable to the peffedion of his defign, as is fuffi- 
 •ciently apparent in that famous plate, which he en-, 
 graved after Paulo Ve&onese, reprefenting C^^r//? 
 in the temple ; or in thofe things after the Vatican, 
 paintings by Raphael, fome whereof being net 
 v^^rfinifhed, came into a private hand: The trium- 
 phant Venus €71 the fea y Mofes % fome cuts after Fre- 
 deric Barrocgio in aqua fortis; divers C^/^- 
 falcQS of excellent architetfture; Ignatius Loyola'^ the 
 Itory of Pfyche containing many Iheets ; A combat 
 sf men calling ftones at one another ; and laftly, 
 that laborious and ufeful book, copiprehending 
 The hijiorical column ofTrajany defigned by Giir- 
 tio Romano, andGiROLAMO Mutiano, whicli 
 at my being at Rome (then quite out of print) I 
 procured of his widow who was then living, but 
 would not part with the plates out of her fight. 
 
 Giovanni Magi was an excellent painter and 
 etcher, as he has fafficiently difcovered in his rare 
 ferfpe^iveSy landfchapes, and his Roma in the larger 
 
 cartoon ; 
 
the Hiftdry of Chalcoox-.^dhy. ro 
 
 cartoon j likewife in the Nine privileged ana f^^ 
 tionary churches j with the Three Magi who offer 
 prefents to our Saviour, in allulion to his name. 
 
 Leonardo, Isabella, and Bernardino 
 Parasol, that we may furnilh all the forts of art 
 in this kind, cut exquifiteiy in. wood, which is a 
 graving much more difficult j becaufe all the work 
 is to be abated and cut hollow, ^which is to appear 
 white ; fo that (by a feeming paradox) as the mat- 
 ter diminifhes the form increales, as one waftes the 
 other grows perfeft. Thefe all Eourifhed about the 
 year mdlx, and left us three little hiflories of the 
 Salutation^ Vijitation, and St. John Eaptijl -y. aifo 
 Chrifi's wajhing his difciples feet y and the cuts to 
 Caftor Durante's herbal. Isabella, who was 
 his [Leonardo's] wife, publifhed a book ot AE 
 the forts of points, laces, . and embroiderieSy with other 
 curious works for the ladies, being all of her own 
 invention, except the frontilpiece only, which is 
 Villamena's ; and The plants m the herbal of 
 the prince Cefi d' Aquafporte, a karned perfon of 
 that age. Laftly, the fon did alfo put foith fome 
 few things of his work j but was a far better paintct 
 in frcfco. 
 
 Antonio Tempesta was a mofl exadt and rare 
 defigner -, for which his works are much more efbi-. 
 raable, than for the excellency of his points and 
 needles. He has left u& of his eflays in aqua fortis, The 
 hiflories of the fathers \ The twelve months of the year ; 
 Roma in a very large volume ; an incomparable 
 book-of i&r/fj, and another of Hunting, the plates 
 now worn out and retouched with the bolino j St. 
 Hieram, and ^ judgment ; The wars of Cbarks the 
 
5o S ^ '^ J- P T U R A : or, 
 
 {If a rarely performed J The metamorphojts of Ovid z, 
 'The battles of the Je'ws, efpecially that of the Amale^ 
 kites in great ; The creation^ and Old Teftament ; 
 Torqtiato Tajfo's Jerufalemma liherata \ The birds 
 and falconry in Pietro Olina's book, with divers 
 others well known, and much efteemed by the 
 virtuofi. 
 
 . Cherubino Alberti has cdebrai^ed his in- 
 comparable graver in that Prefentation of our hord 
 in the teynple^ The Adam expulfed out of ■paradife^ in 
 the Fiiti^ divers vafa^ and other peices, which he 
 wrought after Polydoro di Caravaggio and 
 Michael Angelo, commonly fold at Rome, 
 and univerfaily coUeded. 
 
 Horatio Borgiani cut The hifiory of the bible 
 in the perifiyle of Raphae l at the Vatican, fo often 
 made mention of, and out of which, as from a 
 fchool of the nobleft fcience, moft of the great 
 painters of the world have fince taken forth their 
 leflbns. He likewife publifhed fome things in chiaro 
 ofcuro, which were rarely heightened. 
 
 Raphael Guido, a Tufcan, engraved many 
 peices afterCAVALiER Arpino, as The flagellation, 
 Romulus^ Icarus, TheAngelus cufios, Ceres, Bacchus, 
 A Chrijlus inortuiis, and St. Andrew the apojile after 
 Barroccio. 
 
 Giovanni Baptista della Marca put 
 forth many devices oi fhields, armour, bufis, and 
 trophies, cut in wood- 
 To thefe we might add thofe excellent things of 
 Camillo Graffico, and Cavalier Salim- 
 bene, Anna Vaiana, with innumerable more. 
 But we have yet other fruitful countries to vifit, to 
 
 whofe 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 6i 
 
 whofe praifes we muft be juft ; only we may not 
 forget the incomparableSTEPHANO Dell A Bell A, 
 a Florentine painter, now, or lately living, whole 
 entire colledion in aqua fortis is defervedly admired, 
 and here in particular to be celebrated by me, in 
 acknowledgment of fome obligation I have for his 
 civilities abroad. And of this artifl's works, flow- 
 ing, and moll luxurious for invention, are thofe 
 things which in imitation of C allot he did in 
 little, being yet very young : as The fcanes^ and 
 Dances of the horfes, at the marriage of the duke of 
 Tufcany ; compartimenti, cartels^ ornaments^ and 
 capriciosj for carvers and embroiderers; A hook of 
 gobhi^ and divers vafa^ landf chapes in rounds, and 
 others i A book of beajis done exceedingly to the 
 natural; The principles of dejign^ heads ^ and other 
 touches very rare and full of fpirit ; feveral peices. 
 of Our lady, Chriji^ St. Jofeph, &c. JacoFs defcent_ 
 into Mgypt s The proceffion and expofure of the facrd- 
 ment, where there is an altar of curious architeflure 
 enriched with feftival ornaments ; The cavakado of 
 the Polonian embaffador into Rome, with divers other 
 proceedings, peices of Polonians, Perjians, and 
 Moors on horfeback, breathing a rich and noble fancy ; 
 2i\{oJieges, engines for war, -vfith-Jkirmifloes, land and 
 fea fights •, The met amorphous of Ovid ; The Sultana 
 and her fon taken by the knights of Malta -, and to 
 conclude, (for there is no end of his induftry) the 
 profpedt of The Pont Neuf at Paris^ than which 
 there is not certainly extant a more lively reprefen- 
 tation of the bufy genius of that mercurial nation ; 
 nor a peice of greater variety as to all encounters 
 and accidents, which one can imagine may happen 
 
 amongft 
 
62 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 amongft fo numerous a people and concourfe of 
 mankind. 
 
 Laftly (for they were likewife feme of th^m 
 gravers in copper andveryrareGHALCOGRAPHERs) 
 we muft not omit to make honourable mention here 
 of thofe incomparable fculptors and cutters of me- 
 dals, whether in gems or metals -, fuch as were 
 (befides thofe we touched in the former chapter) 
 Vittor, Gambello, Giovanni dal Cavino the Pa- 
 douan, and a fon of his ; Benevento Geilini, Leone 
 Aretino, Jacopo da TreiTo, Fred. Bonzagna ; and, 
 above all, Gio. Jacopo, who has almioft exceded, 
 at leafl approached the ancients : to thefe we may 
 add, Giovanni da Caftel Bolognefe, Matteo dal 
 Nafaro, Giovanni dal Cornivole, Dom.enica Mila- 
 neze, Pietro Maria dePefcia, Mafmita, Ludovico 
 his fon, and Valerio Vincentino, who had been in 
 England m the time of Queen Elizabeth, and 
 left a fardonix which he cut, reprefenting the head 
 of that famous heroine, inferior to none of the an- 
 cients. There was likewife Micheliilo, who, with 
 the above named Ludovico and Vincentino, had 
 ib accurately counterfeited the ancient medals^ that 
 the mcft knowing antiquaries were often at a lofs to 
 diftinguli'h them. Such were alfo Luigi Arichinij 
 AlefTandix) Csefari called the Greek, fo much cele- 
 brated for that ftupendous medalion of Paul the 
 third, znd The head of Photius the AthcmsLn, which 
 he cut in an onyx, comparable, by the univerfal 
 fuffrages, to any of the ancients. We could reckon 
 lip the -roi'is alfo of many of the relt, but it is not 
 requiiite afcer we have given this talle, and would 
 merit an exprefs treatife. Likewife thofe of Antonio 
 
 de 
 
the, Hiftory of Chalcography. 63 
 
 de RoiTi,' Cofimo da Trezzo, Philippe Negarolo, 
 Gafpar and Girolamo Mifuroni, Pietro Paulo Gal- 
 cotto, Paftorino di Sienna -, not omitting that fa- 
 mous Pharadoxus of Milan, Fran. Furnius, and Se- 
 verus of Ravenna, i^c. whofe works were in gold, 
 iilver, copper, ftcel, agates, cornelians, onyxes, 
 chryllal, jafper, heliotrope, lazuli, amethyfts, i^c. 
 yea, and to fhew how much fome of thofe modern 
 mailers exceded the ancients, even the diamond, 
 that hitherto infuperable gem, was fubdued by the 
 famous Treccia of Milan, who with ftupendous fuc- 
 cefs cutting 'The king of Spam's arms in a noble table, 
 was the firil that ever engraved, or made impreflion 
 into that obdurate Hone. It will become luch to 
 be well acquainted with theie mafters labours and 
 their manner, who afpire to be knowing, and to 
 improve their judgment in medals and intaglias, 
 that neceflary, ornamental, and noble peice of 
 learning 5 and not only to be well Ikilled in their 
 way of defign, but to be able alfo to perform fome- 
 thing in the art themfelves : for fuch were thofe in- 
 genious and illuftrious fpirits, Geo. Battifta Sozini 
 of Sienna, and Roflb de Giugni of Florence, gen- 
 tlemen of note -, and fuch, with us, is our noble 
 and worthy friend, Elias Ashmole, Efq;, whofe 
 learning and other excellent qualities deferve a 
 more glorious infcription. 
 
 Finally, that excellent medallill monfieurRoTi, 
 now entertained by his Majesty for the mint, 
 and a rare workman, as well for intaglias in Hone, 
 as metal, is not to be here omitted. 
 
 We fhall fpeak in the next of thofe Germans 
 and Flemings who excelled in the art of Chal- 
 
 C0GRAPHY5 
 
64 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 coGRAPHY ; not that they have exceded fome of 
 the French, but becaufe they were before them, 
 and univeriklly admired. Of thefe, the \anteftg- . 
 nafifj " leaders" were the forementioned Albert 
 DuRER, that prodigy of fcience, whofe works we 
 have already recounted upon occafion of Marco . 
 Antonio, and therefore fhali here forbear the 
 repetition; as alfo thole of Lucas, whofe work$ 
 (conlifting in all of about feventy Iheets, and which 
 I have known fold for near an hundred pounds 
 ilerling, to one * that as well underftood the value 
 of money, as of that rare colleftion, he being one of 
 the greateil merchants of books in Europe) are to 
 be taken blindfold, as they fay •, provided the im- 
 preffions be black, well confervcd, of equal force, 
 and not counterfeit, as there are feveral of them 
 which be, difcernible only by the curious and ac- 
 curately jfkilful : for fuch (amongft others of Du- 
 re r's) SLYtThe creation of Adam \ The fiery of Lot \ 
 Sufanna; '^e_cruci^^^ which he cut in a fmall 
 round plate of gold for the emperor's fword, and 
 is fixed on the pummel; not before mentioned, his 
 Anjiedj:avalkr jmd fatjr -, and, indeed, almoft all 
 that ever Tie, or Lucas, graved and fet forth. 
 
 The works of Alde grave, who came very 
 near Albert, and flouriihed about the fame age, 
 are worthy the collection. His peices are diftin- 
 guifhed by the cypher of his initial letters, in 
 imitation of Dure r ; as likewife the author ofi 
 the Septem opera miferkordia^ Stories of the book of\ 
 the kings ^ Artemijia, &c. whofe engravings are' 
 
 * MaflerELEAU of Amfterdam 
 
 counter- : 
 
the Hiftofy of Chalcography. 65 
 
 Counterfigned with G.P. LB. publifhed The four 
 evangelifts^ Adam^ A country fellcw^ Abijljcp^ A car- 
 dinal^ fatpSy &rc. M. The -prodigal fon, The evan^ 
 gelijis^ &c. Ibme whereof are copies after Albert, 
 and moll of their works done in finall plates. 
 
 Hans Sibald Be me hath done wonders in 
 thofe fmall figures^ Jlories^ and nakcds^ w^hicli he 
 pubhihed : it Ihali not be requifite to recite here 
 the catalogue ; becaufe his mark I-s-B is fixed to 
 moll of his works, though nov/ and then profaned 
 by the hands of others. 
 
 Jerome Cock, a Fleming, cut A Mcfes ; 
 thirty-two Iheets of the llory of Pfyche, defigned 
 by one Michael a painter of the fame country, 
 very rarely condu(5led ; alfo Dalila and Samfon ; 
 The deftru£iion of the Fhilifiines ; The creation of 
 Adam^ &c. twenty-feven llories of the OldTeflament 
 nobly defigned by Martino, and as well graved : 
 alfo The hifiory of Stifanna -, another book of The 
 Old and New Tejiament -, The triumph of patience, a 
 rare cut i The heart on the anvil, and divers eynbUms. 
 full of curious figures -, many Sacred triumphs \ 
 Fraud ; Avarice \ a Bacchanalia -, and A Mofes after 
 Bronzini ; in emulation whereof Gio. Mantu- 
 ANO publilhed his Nativity, an incomparable print: 
 after which Jerome graved for the inventor, twelve 
 great Iheets of Sorcerejfes, The battles of Charles the 
 V; and for Ur I ESSE a painter, the PerfpeFtivcs 
 which pafs under his name, with twenty leaves of 
 feveral Buildings, befides The St. Martine in a book 
 ^uW oi Devils ', for Giro l. Bos, The alchemif\. The 
 feven deadly Jins, The lafi judgment, ^.Carnival-, and, 
 after Fr a n s Fl o r i s ten peices of Hercules'* s labour s^ 
 
 F Th€ 
 
66 SCULP T U R A : or, 
 
 'The duel of the Horatii and Curiatii, The comhat of 
 the Pigmies and Hercules^ Cain and Abel, Abraham^ 
 The decifion of Solomon betijueen the tzvo harlots, and, 
 in fum, all the aftions of human life. 
 
 And now that we mentioned Frans Floris of 
 Antwerp, the rare things which he publiflied in 
 ft amp, purchafed him the name of The Flemish 
 Michael Angelo. 
 
 Of the fame country was that incomparable Cor- 
 nelius CoRT. We will commence with The Judg- 
 ment of Michael Angelo, which he cut in lit- 
 tle : moll of his things were after Frederic 
 Zucchero, and ibme few of Raphael's ; be- 
 fides his landfchapes, and other gravings after 
 Girolamo Mutiano, which are very excellent : 
 alfo John Bapiifi, St. Hierom, St. Francis, Mary 
 Magdalen, St. Eufiachius, The lapidaticn of St. Ste- 
 phen defigned by Marco Venus to the Mantuan : 
 A Nativity after Thadeo Zucchero, St. Anne^ 
 &c. alfo A Nativity in great after Poly dor e^ 
 The transfiguration ; The fchool at Athens ; The bat- 
 tle of elephants; fome gravings after don Julio- 
 Clovio and Titian, which had they been ac- 
 companied with that tendernels, and due cbfer^^a- 
 tion of the diftancts, that accomplilhcd the fuc- 
 ceding gravers, luid rendered him immortal, fo. 
 fwect, even, and bold, was his work and defign 
 in all other confiderations. We mentioned Titian : 
 for about mdlxx Corn. Cort did ufe to work 
 in that famous painter's houfe, and engraved for 
 liim that Paradife he made for the emperor, St. 
 Lazarus^ s martyrdom, Califla and the nymphs, Pro- 
 metheus, Andromeda, the forenamed Magdalen in the 
 
 defarty 
 
the Hiilory of Ch a l c o g r a ph v . G"] 
 
 defarty and St. Hicrom, all of them of Titian's 
 invention. 
 
 We come now to Justus, Jony, TEgidius, 
 Giles, Raphael, and Ralph SadelePv, who 
 lived in the time of the emperor Rodolplius, and 
 publilhed their almoil numberlefs labours : v/e can 
 therefore infl:ance but in fome of the moft rare ; 
 fuch as were that book divided into three parts. 
 I. hnago honitatisy 2. Boni i^ malt fcientia.^ 3- Bo- 
 ■norum i^ maloruni confsfifio^ deligned by Martin 
 DE Vos ; T'heVeftigia of Rome ^ tenderly and finely 
 touched in fifty fheets ; 1^'he tzvehe Roman emperors 
 and emprejjes after Titian, rarely engraved by 
 Giles ; a Madona with our Saviour ^ and St. Jo- 
 feph after Raphael Urbim •, Chrifms Flagcllatus \ 
 2in&'The head of Rcdolphusll. with various capric- 
 cios and inventions about it ; as alfo that of the 
 Emperor Mathias., adorned with the chaplet of 7nB- 
 dais : The calling of St J?idreii\ by Jo h n and Giles 
 in brotherly emulation : Four books of Eremites ad- 
 mirably conduced by Raphael : ACanaDornini 
 after Tintoret, and another Flagellation of Ar- 
 PiNo's, divers Landfchapes^ The twelve months ^ 
 The great hall at Prague^ The effigies of Martin de 
 Vos., by iEc I D I us : The emperor and e.mprefs in their 
 robes of flate j An adoration of the Magi after 
 ZuccHERO; Adonis and Venus after Titian •, A 
 crucifix after Jac.Palma; ArefurreElion in great \ 
 The rich Epulo ; St. Stephen's lapidation., the origi- 
 nal v/hereof is at Friuli ; a St. Sebafiian ; thefe by 
 Giles: John engraved after M. de Vos, afcho- 
 lar ofTiNTORET's already mentioned, The crea- 
 tion, a.nd Many hijlories out of Genefis : Ralph cut 
 F -2 alfu 
 
(>% S C U L P T U R A : Of, I 
 
 aifo Th^ life of Chrifiy and "The credo by way of em^ ;^| 
 bjem: iiilum, for their whole colledion is not to - 
 be crowded into this catalogue, they have all of 
 them publilhed fuch incomparable gravings, that 
 'tis the greateft pity in the world, they had not 
 flourilhedin the time of the greatRAPBAEL Ur bin, 
 and the good mafters ; for they were not only ac- 
 curate and pun(5lual imitators, but gave to their 
 works that foftnefs, life, and color, (as artifts term 
 it) which accomplilhes all the reft-, efpecially John 
 <ind Raphael in what they graved after Mich. 
 DE Vos, Bassano, and others^ whofe rufticities 
 they fet forth. Thofe of JEgidius in great, be- 
 ing A def cent from the crofs^ of Barroccio's in- 
 vention; the other,. y^i^//5!§"^//^//(?;z, defigned by Clo- 
 se pp I NO, can never be fufficiently celebrated. 
 
 After the Sadelers appeared Herman Mul- 
 le R, with a very bold bolino ; and likewife Janus 
 who engraved many things afterSpR angers, worfe 
 chofen (for tlie convullive and even demoniac pof- 
 tures) than executed. 
 
 But the imitations of the graver by Sjmon Fri- 
 sius the Hollander, who wrought with the aqua 
 fortis of the refiners, are altogether admirable and 
 inimitable, the ftroke and condu6t confidered, had 
 the delign (excepting thofe of his birds which are 
 indeed witliout reproach) contributed in any pro- 
 portion to his dexterity. 
 
 After him came the Swifs Matthew Miriam, 
 who, had he performed his heightenings with more 
 tcndernefs, and come iweetly off with the extremi- 
 ties of his hatchings, had proved an excellent mafler. 
 His works are ufetul and innumerable in toivns^ 
 
 land- 
 
the Hiflory of Chalcography. 69 
 
 la-ridfchapes, batiks (thofe efpecially fought by the 
 great Guftavus) i^c. The foft vernifli and fepa- 
 rating aqua fortis was the inftrument he ufed. 
 
 We have feen fomc few things cut in wood by 
 the incomparable Hans Holbein the Dane, but 
 they are rare, and exceeding difficult to come by j 
 as his Licmtioufncfs of the friers and nuns', Erafmus\ 
 The dance macchahre \ the Mortis imagp^ which he 
 painted in great in the church at Bafil, and after- 
 ward graved with no lefs art ; and fome few others. 
 But there is extant A hook of fever al figures^ done 
 in the fame material by one Justus Amm annus 
 TiGUR MDLXxviii, whicli are incomparably de- 
 figned and cut ; in the epiftle whereof, one Holt- 
 ZHUSEN, a gentleman of Franckfort, is com- 
 mended for his univerfal knowledge, and particu- 
 larly his rare talent in this art, which it is there 
 faid he fhewed by wonderful contrivances at the 
 celebration of Martin Luther's nuptials, and there- 
 fore worthy to be taken notice of. 
 
 Hans Brossehaemer, befides feveral other 
 things, hath cut in wood A triumph of the emperor 
 Maximilian into Nuremberg, 
 
 ViRGiLius Sol IS graved alfo myroodi'The Jiory 
 of the Bible, and The mechanic arts in little ; but 
 for imitating thofe vile poftures of Aretine, had his 
 eyes put out by the fentence of the magiftrate. 
 
 Henr 7 GoLTzius was aHollander, and wanted 
 only a good and judicious choice to have rendered 
 him comparable to the profoundeft mailers that 
 ever handled the burin : for never did any exceed 
 this rare workman-, witnefs, thofe things* of his 
 etter Gasparo Celio, The Galatea of Raphael 
 F 3 Sancio, 
 
•]0 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 Sancio, and divers other peices after Polydore 
 DA Carravaggio; A Hieroin.) Nativity^ and 
 what he did of The atfs of the apojtles with Ph. 
 Galle, i^c: but he was Hkev/ife an excellent 
 painter, 
 
 George Nouyolstell was of Mentz in Ger- 
 many, an admirable graver in v/ood. He publifhed 
 that Mneas in little, and fom.e Hiftorical parts of 
 the bible ^ very well performed j alfo divers of the 
 Fathers after Tempest a, befides the Jernfalemma 
 liberata of Bernardino Cali;elli in quarto, with many 
 Cartels of arms and harneffcs^ and feme piftures to 
 A breviary y Sec. 
 
 Matthew Greuter publifhed a curious Book 
 of letters. The city of Rome in an ample form, and 
 a large Map of Italy ; The Old and New Tejlament, 
 The church of Strajlmrg^ Aii harmoyiy 't-wixt the de- 
 calogue and The Lord's prayer., veiy ingenioufly re- 
 prefented in pifture, vdth feveral other things laud- 
 ably performed. 
 
 But his fon Frederic did infinitely exceed the 
 father j as may be feen by thofe many curious gra- 
 vings which he has cut after Pietro Beretin 
 Cor TON A, and the famous Andrea Sacchi, 
 egregious painters. 
 
 Saenredamus did publiili many excellent cuts, 
 efpecially thofe v/hicli he copied after Lucas van 
 Ley den, of which we have formerly given a hint 
 for their fakes who are coiiedlors of thefe curiofi- 
 ties, and miay not haply be yet arrived to the judg- 
 ment of being able to difcern them from the ori- 
 ginals J alfo feme things after Goltzius. 
 
 CoR' 
 
the iliftory of Chalcograph v. 71 
 
 Cornelius Galle, in his Sl Prifca's haptifm^ 
 Papenheim\ and oxkitx Heads after Van Dyke, has 
 Ihewed what he was able to perform ; not to men- 
 tion abundance of Frontifpeices and other lefs confi- 
 derable of his works. 
 
 But the.countGouDT, a knight of thePakitinate, 
 has publiilied, though very few, yet fome fbjpend- 
 ous things, efpccialiy that of Our B. Saviour'' s flight 
 into Mgypt by nighty The ftory ofTohit^ and about 
 three or tour more, worthy of all admiration. 
 
 Sw AN evelt's Hiflory of St. John, with divers 
 Landfchapes . 
 
 P A N D E R N 's Defcent from the crofs. 
 
 Matham's Chrift and St. John, A Ve?7us after 
 Rot e n h a m e r 5 Pope Innocent X. ^c. 
 
 Bronchorst's rare etchings, efpeciaily thofe 
 Paiins and Anticalias of Rome, and, lliperior to all, 
 the incomparable Landfchapes let forth by Paul 
 Brill (fome of which have beeii etched in aqua 
 fortis by Nieulant) do extremely well merit to 
 be placed in this our theatre. For, to be brief, 
 becaufe we can only recite the moil: remarkable and 
 worthy the colleftion j Math am is famous for 
 fruits \ BoETius or Adam Bolsuerd for his ruf- 
 tics after Blomaert -, Londerselius has taken 
 exceffive pains in his Landfchapes j and fo has Van 
 Velde in fome few: but, above all, Nicholas 
 DE Bruyn (after iEciDius Coninxlogensis) is 
 wonderful for bofcage ; and the induftry of his un- 
 dertaking works of that large volume, which The- 
 odore DE Bry (refembling him in name) has been 
 as famous for contra6ting •, thoughbothof themof 
 a Dutch heavy fpirit, and perfe(5lly fuiting with the 
 limes and places ; notwithftanding has this latter 
 F 4 performed 
 
72 SCULPTURAL or, 
 
 perform sd fome things in little very laudably. Nor 
 with lefs ingratitude, amongfh others, may we for- 
 get theiVJj'z;*^ .r(?/>(?r/^ of Str ad an us byTHEODORE 
 ■Galle, who alfo publiflied The ivhole procefs of 
 making fJk of the worm^ and certain other works in 
 manufa^ure, all of them reprelented in fculpture. 
 " Mallery, In his Peccaii fomes after Mi c. de 
 Yos, has performed wonders, as to the fubtilty and 
 iraperceptibie duftus of the graver. 
 
 Bolswert fet forth the Sacra Eremus Afcetica- 
 ?'«;% after Blomaert and others j but above all is 
 lie to be celebrated for thofe rare heads, and other. 
 Itories graved after the paintings of Rubens and 
 Yan Dyke, which, for their lakes, v/ho are dili- 
 gent collectors of the renowned perfons of the late 
 age, we Ihall not think amifs to mention. Such 
 were The duchefs of Orleans^ archduke Albert^ Jufttis 
 Lypfitis, and others, . after Van Dyke ; Leffius and 
 BeUarmine, jefuits, after Diepenbec. After the 
 fame hands did Paul us Pontius grave the head 
 of Sigifrnund. king of Poland \ Cotint Pi^nentelo, &g. 
 after Rubens i DcnPhil. deGufman^ Don Alvarez 
 Buzan, an incomparable cut j T>on Caroliis de Colunna ; 
 'Ruhens'% ^\^\.\xz hare headed, for there is another in 
 a hat : Gafp. de Grayer ^ Simon de Vos \ Maria de 
 Medic is ; Cccfar Alex and. Scaglia -, Confl. Plugens, 
 the learned father of our moft ingenious frien4 
 monlieur Soylecom. {o worthily celebrated for his 
 difcoverie.s of the annulus about Saturn, the pendu- 
 lum clock, and an univerfal mathematical genius ; 
 Gafpe-r Garartius the lawyer -, Gafp. Revejlyn ; Guf- 
 ia\?us Adojphus- king of Sivcdeu ; Jacobus de Breuch ; 
 The frlncefs ofBrat'onfon ■■> that rare head o^ Frederic 
 
 Henric 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 73 
 
 Hemic prince of Orange •, and his own^ with many 
 more after Van Dyke j befides the jefuit C^;zz/?;/y, 
 R. Urbin painter, and others, whom he graved 
 after Diepenbec, i^c. And fmce we mentioned 
 Sir Peter Paul Rubens, we may not pretermit 
 thofe many excellent things of that great politi- 
 cian, a learned and extraordinary perfon, fee forth 
 in fo many incomparable gravings by the admirable 
 works of SuANNEBOuRG, the abovc named Pox - 
 
 TIUSandB0LSWERT,NESS£,V0STERMAX,V0RST,. 
 
 and other rare mailers in this art : fuch are (to in- 
 ftance in fome only) his Battle of the Amazons^ St. 
 Rocb, Our Saviour compofed to burial, 'The fight of 
 lions, his great Crucifix, Converfion of St. Paul, St. 
 Peter in the flDip, A Nativity, 'The Magi, The Moody 
 catafirophe of Cyrus, Solomon" s firfi fentencs, St. Ca- 
 tharine's efpoufal. The tribute demanded cf our Lord,. 
 Sufanna and the elders, St. Laurence martyr' d, Thti 
 palaces of Genoa, with divers others to be encoun- 
 tered amongll the merchants of prints, who fre- 
 quently vend the copies for the originals to the lefs 
 wary chapmen. Christopher Jegher has cut 
 The temptation of our Saviour in wood, very rarely 
 performed after this great mafler. And, befides 
 the former mentioned, Lucas Vostep.man, ami 
 VoRST, are never to be forgotten, fo long as the 
 memory of his [Rubens's] fcholar Sir Ant. 
 Van Dyke is famous, for the heads of the mar- 
 quifs Spinola, Char, de Mallery^ Horatius Gentilefcus^ 
 Jo, count of Naffau, Van Milder, P. Stevens, and 
 Cor. Sachtleven, which he engraved after a new way, 
 of etching it firft, and then pointing it (as it were) 
 yvith the burin afterwards, which reixiers thofe lat- 
 ter 
 
74 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 ter vfcrks cf his as tender as miniature ; and fuch 
 are the he ids cf Van Dyke himfelf, Jc. Lievens^ 
 Cor. Sckiit, Corn, de Fos, Deodal. del Mont., Lucas- 
 van Udcn., Jodocus de Alcmper., V/enceJl. Coeherger^ 
 painters; count de O^unn., duke of Bavaria.^ the arch- 
 duchefs Clara, the kit duke of Orleans^ Anton. Connehi- 
 Jony P. Stevens, and many others ; together with thoie 
 «ther peices of hiftory, viz. The fepulture of Chrifl, 
 and a St. George, after Raphael ; Magdalen Ufuier 
 the crofs^' Our Saviour in his agony after Carr ackz > 
 The Sufanna, St. Laurer.ce, and what but now we 
 mentioned after Rube ms; divers heads after Hol- 
 bein, as that of ^'"^y;;^^/ J, the duke of Norfolk, and 
 -Others cf the Arundelian colleftion. 
 
 Van Vorst, competitor with Vosterman,' 
 has hkewife graven a number of heads after Van 
 D'vKE. I Ihail onhy name the learned Sir Kenehn 
 Dighy in a philofopliical habit ; our famous archi- 
 tE(5t Irdg$ Jones, and thoie two incomparable 
 figures of Charles the martyr and his Royal confer t 
 ■die aueen mother now livin^y. And to fhew what 
 
 1 O 
 
 liroiiour was done this art by the beft of painters, 
 
 Sir Anthony Van Dyke did himfelf etch di- 
 Ters things in aqua fortis ; efpecially A Madonay 
 Ecce Homo, Titian and his mifirefs, Erafmus Rotcro- 
 iamus, and touched feveral of the__ heads before 
 mentioned to have been graved by VosTERiMAN. 
 
 At'ter this great mailer's paintings, did Peter 
 DE JoDE grave the effigies oi Genovefa 'u;idow to 
 Car, Alex, duke of Croi ; Pauhcs Hehnatius ; the 
 learned Puteanus \ the bifhop of Gendt, the face 
 -ivhereof is thought to be etched by Van Dyke 
 liimielfj he graved Jo. SnclUny. a painter j belides a 
 
 bock 
 
the Hillory of Chalcography. y^ 
 
 book of defigning, very rare : and die many other 
 prints after his mailer Goltzius (whcfe difciple 
 he was) which both Peter, and his fon of the 
 -fame name, have engraved for monfieur Bon En- 
 fant of Pahs, ^c. 
 
 CoLAERT graved fome things rarely in fleel. 
 SuYDERHOEF has cngraven the heads of moft of 
 the learned Dutch, after feveral painters with good . 
 fuccefs ; as thofe of //i?/7^;^j", Grotiiis^ Barleus^ &c. 
 not forgetting that ftupendous lady Anna Maria a 
 Schurefnait, ^c. 
 
 Jo. Baur has defigned his Battles with a fme 
 fpirit, but without care in the etching. 
 
 V A N D E R Th u l d e n publiflied the whole hiilory 
 OiUlyJfes, being the work of the famous Prima- 
 Ticcio at Fontainbleau, etched alfo in aqua fortis, 
 and fo defigned as few pretenders to this art did 
 ever exceed him : and fo, as we but lately men- 
 tioned, are the papers of the inimitable, Sua ne - 
 BOURG, w^hich ftrike a ravifliing effcfl: in all that 
 behold them, for the admirable tendernefs, and 
 rare condu6t of the hatches -, elpecially thofe which 
 he cut after the drawings of AbrahamBlomaert, 
 and Rubens. 
 
 But now that we mention Blomaert, whofc 
 works we have celebrated in general, becaufe they 
 fmell fomething of a Dutch ipirit, though otherwi ic 
 well engraved -, there is at Rome (if we miftake not) 
 a fon of his named Cornelius, who in that St. 
 Francis after Guido Reni, and thofe other peices 
 after the delign of thofe great mailers monfieur 
 PoussiN, PiETRO Cortona, (^c to be (ttn in 
 the books fet forth by thejeiuit Ferrarius, his Hef- 
 
 peridcs^ 
 
76 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 perid&s, Flora^ yEdes Barheriiiiy &c. hath given 
 ample teflimony how great his abihtjes are -, for, 
 certainly, he has in Ibme of thefe (lamps arrived 
 to the utmoil perfedion of the bolino, though fome 
 workmen will hardly allow him this elogie. But 
 thofe things of the incomparable Nat ah s a Li- 
 GEOis, (and therefore reckoned here amongft the 
 Germans) pafs without the leaft contradidtion for 
 the utmoil effort of that inllrument : fuch are that 
 St. Catharine's efpoufals after Bourdon, which 
 feems to be a very peice of painting ; the 'Two Ma-' 
 dcnas in conteft with Poilly ; The Thejis^ and The 
 fhapter of the Carthufiayis^ all after the lite and his 
 own defign, a flupendous work : alfo the head of 
 Jacob CatZy one of the States of Holland, painted 
 by DuBORDiEu i and fome few things more, as 
 the exadtnefs and curioiity of what he undertakes 
 requires, fufficient to difcover the admirable per- 
 tection of this great artift : fOr we do not mention 
 feverai Frontifpeices^ which he has likewife engraven 
 with equal induflry. 
 
 Ferdinand has, belides many others, graved 
 after the fame Bourdon, 'J he Jlory ofUlyjjes and 
 Andromache. 
 
 Uriesse and Verden are famous for their P^;*- 
 fpsEiives. 
 
 Wine card his Roman Vefiigia^ &c. 
 
 Wi L L I a Ivi Hon d i u s , befides thofe things which 
 adorn his Maps^ which are the largefl planifpheres, 
 hds very rarely engraven liis own head after a paint- 
 ing of Van Dyke : nor' with lefs art has Van 
 Kessel done that of Charles the fifth afterTiTiANj 
 Ciovet and Car. Scrihonms the jefuits. 
 
 Caukern 
 
the HiftOry of Ch a l c o c r a ph y . 77 
 
 Caukern has graven the ftory o^ tlmt Pious 
 Daughter, who gave luck to her imprifoned father ; 
 A fight of Boors ; with divers others after Rubens 
 and Van Dvke •, l^c. befides thofe which are ex- 
 tant in Mr. Ogilhfs Homer, The Bible, My lord of 
 Newcafile's Cavalerizzo, &c. deligned by De i p e n- 
 BEc, vv^hofe rare talent, that theatre or temple of 
 the Mufes, pubhlhed by that ciirioufly learned and 
 univerfal colledor of prints, the Abbot op Vil- 
 LOiN, (of whom we fhall have occafion to dif- 
 courfe in the next chapter) does fufficiently illuf- 
 trate. 
 
 iLucAS Kilt ANUS has rarel y graved The mur~ 
 ther of the Innocents ; The miracles of the Fifh ; Thi 
 Ammnciation, Circumcifion, and fome plates in the 
 Hortus Eyfiettenjis, &c. 
 
 Vise her, viz. Cornelius (for there is ano- 
 ther who has publifhed divers La?idfchapes) hath 
 moll rarely etched a certain Dutch Kitchen, where 
 there is an old man taking tobacco, whilft his wife 
 is frying pancakes ; alfo A Fidler accompanied with 
 boys and girls, painted by Ostade : but above 
 all, admirable is The Defcent, or Chrifius Mortuus, 
 after Tintoret, both graved and etched, as, in- 
 deed, I Ihould have faid of the reft. 
 
 Vo V I LLEMONT has ctchcd Our Saviour -chafinz 
 the facrilegiotis merchants out of the temple, after the 
 lame Tintoret ; which is very rare. 
 
 No LP The twelve months, efpecially the boifterous 
 March. 
 
 LoMB ART, many plates for Mr. Ogilhfs Virgil\ 
 as likewife that induftrious interpreter's pidlure after 
 our famous Mr. Lely, in which he has performed 
 
 laudably : 
 
78 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 laudably : nor mufl I here.forget Mr. He r toc, who 
 has graved the frontifpeice for EIKD.N BA2IAIKE 
 in folio, and many other. 
 
 To thefe we may add the incomparable Rem- 
 brandt, whofe etchings and gravings are of a 
 particular fpirit ; efpecially 'The old woman in the 
 fur \ The good Samaritan j The Angels appearing to 
 , the Jhepherds -, divers Landfchapes and Heads from 
 the life j St. Hierom^ of which there is one very 
 rarely graven with the burin -, but, above all, his 
 Ecce Homo^ Defcent from the crofs in large, Philip 
 and the Eunuch^ &c. 
 
 Wenceslaus Hollar, a gentleman of Bohe- 
 mia, comes in the next place ; not that he is not 
 before mofl: of the reft for his choice and great in- 
 duftry (for we rank them very promifcuoufly both 
 as to time and pre-eminence ;) but to bring up the 
 rear of the Germans with a deferving perfon, 
 v/hofe indefatigable works in aqua fortis do infi- 
 nitely recommend themfelves by the excellent choice 
 which he hath made of the rare things furnifhed out 
 of the Arundelian collediion, and from moft of 
 the beft hands and deligns \ for fuch were thofe of 
 Leonardo da Vinci, Fr. Par mens is, Titian, 
 GiuLio Romano, A. Mantegna, Corregio, 
 Perino DEL Vaga, Raphael Urbin, Seb. 
 
 DEL PlOMBO, PaLMA, AlB. DuRER, HaNS 
 
 Holbein, Van Dyke, Rubens, Breughel, 
 Bassan, ^lsheimer, Brower, Artois, and 
 divTrs other mafters of prime note, whofe drawings 
 and paintings he hath faithfully copied ; befides 
 feveral books of Landfchapes^ Towns^ Solemnities^ 
 Hifpories, Heads, Beafts, Fowls^ Infe^s^ Veffels, 
 
 and 
 
the Hiftory of Ch a i. c o g r a p i-i y . 79 
 
 .^nd other fignal peices, not omitting what he hath 
 etched after De Cleyn, Mr.STRETER, andDAN- 
 KERT for Sir Robert Stapleton's Juvenal^ 
 Mr. Ross his&7/«j-, Polyglotta Biblia, Ihe Mcnaf- 
 ticon firft and fecond part, Mr. Dugd ale's ^t. 
 PauVs and Survey of JVarwickJhire, with other in- 
 numerable FrontiJ-peiccs^ and things by him pub- 
 liflied and done alter the hfe , and to be \jo nomim] 
 "on that account" more valued and efteemed, 
 than where there has been more curiofity about 
 chimferas, and things w^hich are not in nature : fo 
 that of Mr. Hollar's J^f^Vrks we may juftly pro- 
 nounce, there is not a more ufeful and inftrudlive 
 colledlion to be m^ade. 
 
 The learned Hevelius has fhewed his admirable 
 dexterity in this art, by the feveral Phafes and other 
 Ichonijms which adorn his Selenography^ and is there- 
 fore one of the noblefb inftances of the extraordinary 
 ufe of this talent for men of letters, and that would 
 be accurate in the Diagraras v/hich they publifh in 
 their works. 
 
 The no lefs knowing Anna Maria a Sckur- 
 MAN is likewife fKilled in this art with innumerable 
 others, even to a prodigy of her fex. For the reft, 
 we fhall only call over their names, after we have 
 celebrated the extravagant fancies of both the 
 Breughels, as thofe o^The Seven deadly fins^ Sa - 
 fyrical peices Q-gidnii tht Nuns a.nd Fry ars ; with di- 
 vers Hifiories^ Drolleries^ Land/chapes^ fantajfic 
 Grylles and Grotefques of thefe two rare Rhypuro- 
 graphs ', not farther to tire our reader with the par- 
 ticulars and feveral works of Oftade, Corn, Clock, 
 Qucborne, Cuftos, Le Delfe, (who has put forth 
 
 the 
 
8o SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 the portraits of many learned perfons) Dors, Falck, 
 Gerard, Bens, Moeftuer, Grebber, Geldorp, Hop- 
 fer, Gerard, Bens, Chein, Ach. d' Egmont, de 
 Vinghe, Heins, Ditmer, Cronis, Lindoven, Mire- 
 vel, Kager, Coccien, Maubeale, Venius, Firens, 
 Pierets, Quelinus, Stachade, Sehut, Soutman, 
 Vanulch, Broon, Valdet, Loggan, whom we ex- 
 prelly omit ; becaufe we have introduced a liifE- 
 cient number, and that this chapter is alread}- too 
 prolix. 
 
 Only we would not omit mynheer Bis cop, a 
 learned advocate, now of Holland, who for his 
 Ztory of Jofeph and Benjamin where the cup is found 
 in his fack, and thofe other few cuts among the 
 hands of the curious, muft not be pafled over in 
 oblivion 5 as we had like to have done fome of 
 the old and beft mailers, by having hitherto omit- 
 ted 
 
 Druefken his Ki'ng of the hoors in Hungary 
 eaten alive by the rebels v/hom he feduced, with 
 fome other cuts in wood known by his mark, 
 which was commonly a clufter of grapes. 
 
 PiETER Van Aelst, his Cavalcade ofthegrand 
 fignior to San5fa Sophia^ and feveral Turkifh habits 5 
 on which fubjedl: alfo, 
 
 Sv/ART Jan Van G-ROENNiGHEN-hasfet forth 
 many remarkable things, Caravans^ Pilgrimages to 
 Mecca^ &c. 
 
 Lucas Cr AN ACH, Tiltings^ Huntings^ German 
 habits^ and T'he portraits of all tlie dukes of Saxony 
 to his time. 
 
 Jo OS Am M ANUS (whom we already mentioned) 
 divers of iXiirMechanic arts , not omitting all thofe 
 
 excellent 
 
the Hiftdry oFChalcographv^ 8i 
 
 Excellent wood cuts of Hans Schinflyn, and 
 Adam Altorf ; efpecially diislaft, known by the 
 two capital A A of the Gothic form, included one 
 within the other,, as the D is in that of Albert 
 Durer's. 
 
 Hubert Goltzius has cut in wood A book of 
 the Roman emperors in two colours; This name re- 
 cals to mind an omiflion of ours in fome of thofe 
 excellent Chalcographers already recorded ^ 
 and, in particular, the incomparable imitations X)f 
 Henry Goltzius after Lucas Van. Leyden 
 in The Pajfiony The Chrijius mortuus or Fieta ; and 
 thofe other fix peices, in each of which he {o ac- 
 curately perfues Dure r, Lucas, and fome others 
 of the old mafters, as makes it almofl impolTible 
 to difcern the ingenious fraud. 
 
 We did not fpeak of The heads of the famous men 
 in the court of the emperor^ fct fordi by ^gidius 
 -Sadeler; as Raphael (his brother) had the 
 Bavaria Sa/nSla^ reprefenting all the faints of that 
 pious country. 
 
 Albert Durer's Tenerdank, or romantic de- 
 fcription of The amours of Maximilian and Maria de 
 Burgundy : the book is in high Dutch. He has 
 likewife cut Pe t r A r c h's Utriufque fortune remedia \ 
 which admirable treatife being tranllated into the 
 German language, is adorned with the gravings of 
 Hans Sibald Behem, Ammanus, Aldegrave., 
 and moft of the rare mafters of that age. Finally, 
 he has cut The fiories of Apuleius his golden afs ; and 
 iprinkled divers pretty inventions and capriccios in 
 an old impreflion of OVf r^fV epiftles. And with this 
 recolledbion of what we had omitted in the forego- 
 ing paragraphs (to which they are reducible) we 
 
 G will 
 
f 
 
 82 SGULPTURA: or, 
 
 will take leave of the Dutch fculptors, and pafs 
 on to 
 
 The French, who challenge the next place in 
 this recehiion-, for their gravings in Taille D-ouce^ 
 which began to be in reputation after Rosso, the 
 Florentine painter, had been invited and carefTed 
 by that worthy and illuftrious Mec^nas of the 
 ^rts, Francis the firft: about which time Petit 
 Bernard of Lyons publifhed The fiories for the 
 Bible of St. Hierom -, performing fuch things in lit- 
 tle, for the delign and ordonance as are worthy of 
 imitation ; fo greatly he approached the antique in 
 the garb of his figures, diftances, architecture, and 
 other accejfories of the fbory. We have fome of 
 thefe engraven by this artift, and printed long fmce 
 at Lyons, with the argument under each cut in the 
 Englifh verfe of thofe times, which appears to have 
 been done about the beginning of the reformation, 
 whenj it feems, men were not fo much fcandalized 
 at holy reprefentations. 
 
 Nicholas Beatricius, a Loraneze, graved 
 his Horfe corfiitfs^ and feveral Books of animals and 
 wild beajls., The widow's fon raifed to life ^ The an- 
 nunciation after Michael Angelo, The ark of the 
 catholic church after that rare table of mofaic in St. 
 Peter's of Giotto, i^c. 
 
 PhilIppus Thomasinus's labours are worthy 
 of eternity, fo excellent was his choice, fo accurate 
 his graver : wAtwtk The fall of Lucifer^ The univer- 
 fal judgment. The pip we but now mentioned. The 
 feven works of 7nercy^ B. Felix^ The miracles of the 
 Capucines^ The fiat lies of Rome in little, the labours 
 wf many famous perfons, The baptifm of our Saviour 
 
 after 
 
the Fliflory of Chalcogp.aphy. 83 
 
 ; after Salviati, Sl John the evangelift in the hoil- 
 '■ ing oil, St. Stephen'' s lapdation after Ant. Poma- 
 ■ R A N c I o , The Magi ofZuccHERO, Mary prefented 
 'in the temple ofBARRoccio, The life of St. Catha- 
 rine^ Fania, divers Sea monfters after Bernardino 
 ■ Passero, and fome things of Vanni ; not to 
 . omit his Camea collefted from feveral curious agates 
 and other precious ftones, befides Shields., Trophies., 
 Gordian Kncts^ with variety of Injlmments.,. and 
 other works too long here to recite minutely. 
 
 Crispinus de Pas and his filter Magdalen 
 (whether French or Dutch) have engraven many 
 excellent things after Breughel; efpecially Land- 
 f chapes., The perfeciition of the prophets and apofdes., 
 with feveraf more : but that Liberum Belgium by 
 Simon de Pas his father, or brother, (I know 
 not whether ) dedicated to prince Maurice of Naf- 
 fau, is a very rare cut. 
 
 Who has not beheld with admiration the incom^ 
 parable burin of Claudius Mel an, celebrated by 
 the great Gaflcndus, and employed by the moil: 
 noble and learned Periefl<:ius ? The Sudarium of St. 
 Veronica., where he has formed a head as big as the 
 life itfelf with one only line, beginning at the point 
 of the nofe, and fo by a fpiral turning of the graver 
 finilhing at the utmoft hair, is a prodigy of his 
 rare art and invention, bccaufe it is wholly new, and 
 performed with admirable dexterity. Nor has he 
 lefs merited for his St. Francis., St. Bruno., The. 
 pointed Magdalen., Pope Urban the VIII. and divers 
 others to the life, eipecially thofe of the illufbrious 
 Jufliniani., PeriefJdus., and the feveral Frontifpeiccs 
 G 2 to 
 
H SCUL"?TURA: or, 
 
 to thofe truly royal works, poets, and other authors, 
 printed at the Louvre. 
 
 Mauperch has publiflied fome pretty Land- 
 fchapes; La Pautre many moft ufeful varieties 
 and Ornaments f&r architects and other workmen, 
 florid and full of fancy, efpecially The cere-monies 
 at ths coronation of the prefent French king. 
 
 Mqrin has left us A St. Bernard, A Seidly liis 
 great Crucifix, fome rare Heads, efpecially that rc- 
 prel'enting Our blejfed Saviour and other things in 
 aqua fortis, performed with fingular art and ten- 
 dernefs j as alfo fome fare Landfchapes and Ruins 
 after Polemburch and others. 
 
 N. Chaperon has etched The Xyftus or gallery 
 of Raphael in the Vatican, with incomparable 
 fuccefs as to the tri>e draught ; and fo has that ex- 
 cellent painter the late 
 
 Francis Perrier thofe Statues and Bajfio^ 
 relievos of Rome, preferable to any that are yet 
 extant. 
 
 Aubran's St. Catharine after Titian, who is 
 not ravifhed with ? 
 
 Couvay has engraven the Three devout captive 
 knights j and what may appear very extraordinary, 
 ut qu<£ celant nomina calatura aperiat, the firfl part 
 mDefpauterius^s grammar in pifture, or hieroglyphic 
 for the duke of Anjou, the now monfieur. 
 
 Pere.lle has difcavered a particular talent for 
 1.andf chapes y^-SS. not a little exceeded in the darknefs 
 of his Iha^fcs ; but his Ruins of Rome are very rare : 
 he has lil^ewife a fon that graves. 
 
 The excellency of invention in the Romances and 
 Uifioi-ies adorned by the hand of Chauveau, is 
 
 not 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. .85 
 
 not to be pafTed by •, efpecially thofe things which 
 he has done in the Entretienne de beaux efprits of 
 monfieur De Mareft's, and in feveral others. 
 
 But the peices which Poilly has fet forth, may 
 be ranked, as they truly^merit, amongft the greateil 
 mafters we have hitherto celebrated : fiich as (for 
 inftance in a few) that admirable Thefes with the 
 Portrait of -cardinal Richlieu\ and in emulation with 
 the formerly named Natal is, (befides the St. Ca- 
 tharine of Bourdon) thofe things which he hath 
 graved after Mignard, which are really income 
 parable; alio divers ^{/?onVj after Le Br.un, i^c. 
 
 But we Ihould never have done with the artills 
 of this fruitful and inventive country, as Heince, 
 Begnon, Huret, Bernard, Rognesson, 
 RoussE L E T a rare workman, (witnels his frontifpeice 
 to the French Polyglot Bible defigned by Bour- 
 don and lately put forth-,) Bellakge, Richet^ 
 L*Alman, Quesnel, Soulet, Bunel, the laud-* 
 able Boucher^ Br lOTjBouL AN GE, Bo is, Cham-: 
 
 PAGNE, ChARPIGNON, CoRNEILLE, CAROIf, 
 
 Claude de Lorain, Audran, Moutier, Rat 
 BEL, Den I SOT, L*Aune,De la Rame, Hayes, 
 Herein, David de Bie, Villemont, Marot 
 excellent for his buildings and arcliitedture, To u t i n > 
 Grand-homme, Cereau, Trochel, Langot 
 DuLoiR, L'Enfant difciple.of Melan, Gaul- 
 tier, D'Origni, Prevost, De Son, Perei, 
 Nacret, Perret, Daret, Scalberge, Vi- 
 BERT, Ragot who has graved fome things well 
 after Rubens, Boissart, Terelin, DeLeu; 
 befides Mauperche for Hijiories ; L* A s n e who 
 J^as graved above tliree hundred Portraits tg the 
 
 G 3 life. 
 
B6 o v_ u 1-. r i u i?L ii ; or, 
 
 life, and is a rare artift; Huret, full of rich in-r 
 vention -, not omitting the famous gravers of let- 
 ters and calligraphers, fuch as are Le Gagneur, Lu- 
 cas Materot, Frifius, Duret, Pauce, Le Beaugran, 
 Beaulieu, Gougenot, Moulin, Raveneau, Jea, Ja- 
 ques de His, Moreau, Limofm, La Be, Vignon, 
 Barbe d'Or, and a world of others whole works 
 we have not had the fortune to fee : for as hereto- 
 fore, fo efpecially at prefent, there is no country of 
 Europe, which may contend with France for the 
 numbers of fuch as it daily produces, that excel in 
 the art of Ch A L c o G R A p H y , and triumph with the 
 burin. 
 
 La Hyre has etched many things after the an- 
 tique, as Bacchanalia^ and feveral other. 
 
 GoYRAND is fecond to none forthofe Towns ^xnd 
 Rtiins, which he has publifhed, efpecially what he 
 has performed in j^dibus Barber in i. 
 
 Col I GN ON, no Icfs excellent in his gravings 
 after Lincler. 
 
 And Cochin in thofe large Char is and Jieges of 
 towns after the engineer Beaulieu. But 
 
 Israel Sylyester is The Hollar of 
 France : for, there is hardly a town^ cajile^ noble- 
 man's houfe^ garden^ or p-ofpe5f^ in all that vaft and. 
 goodly kingdom, which he has not let forth in 
 aqua fortis, befides divers parts and views of Italy : 
 above all in thofe which are etched after the defigns 
 of monfieur Lincler (whilil he lived, my wor- 
 thy friend ! ) as The city of Rome in profile ; a mor- 
 fel of St. Peters by itfelf, and that Profpe5f of the 
 Louvre -, which lail doth far tranfcend the reft of 
 his works, and may be efteemed one of the bell 
 
 of 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. S'y 
 
 of that kind which the world has extant, for the 
 many perfedlions that aflembie in it. 
 ' There is at prefent Robert Nanteuil an in- 
 genious peribn, and my particular friend, whofe 
 burin renders him famous through the world. I 
 have had the happinefs to have * My Portrait 
 engraven by his rare burin -, and it is, therefore, 
 ellimable -, though unworthy of the honour of be- 
 ing placed amongll the reft of thofe iiluftrious per- 
 fons, v/hom his hand has rendered immortal : for 
 liich are 'The French king. The queens of Poland and 
 Sweden, Cardinal Mazarine whofe effigies he has 
 graven no lefs than nine times to the life ; The duke 
 of hongueville •■) Duke of Boullion, Mantua, MarifJoal 
 Turenne j Prejident Jeannin, Molle, Teller, Ormeffon, 
 The archhifhop of Tours, Bifhop of St. Malo, UAbbe 
 Fouquet, and divers others of the long robe •, alfo 
 meflieurs Hejfelin, Menage, Scuderi, Chaplain, Ma- 
 rolles, and the reft of the wits ; in fum, almoft all 
 the great perfons of note in France. 
 
 But that we may conclude this recenfion with 
 fuch as have moft excelled in this art, and give 
 the utmoft reputation it is capable of, Jaques 
 C ALLOT, a gentleman of Lorrain, (if ever any) 
 attained to its fublimity ; and beyond which it 
 feems not poffible for human induftry to reach, 
 efpecially for Figures in little ; though he hath like- 
 wife publiihedfome2;?^r(?/2/, as boldly andmafterly 
 performed as can polTibly be imagined. What a 
 lofs it has been to the Virtuosi, that he did not 
 more delight in thofe of a greater volume, fuch as 
 
 * From which the frpntifpeice to this new edition was taken. 
 G 4 once. 
 
88 6CULPTURA: or, 
 
 once he graved at Florence do fufficiently teftify, 
 and which hkewile have exalted his incomparable 
 talent to the fupremeft point. It might not leem 
 requifite to minute the works which he has pub- 
 lifhed, becaufe they are fo univerfally excellent that 
 a curious perfon iHould have the whole colleflion, 
 (and be careful that he be not impofed upon by 
 die copies which are frequently vended under his 
 name, efpecially thofe which monfieur Bosse has 
 publlfhed, and which neareft approach him.} were 
 it not highly injurious to his merit, not to mentiori. 
 Ibme of the principal •, fuch are his ^t. Paul, Ecce 
 homo^ The de7noniac £:«r^^ after Andre aBoscoli, 
 A Madona after Andrea del Sarto, The four 
 comedians \ all thefe of the larger volume, and fome 
 qf them with the burin 3 alio The pajfage of the 
 Ifraelites -, St. Luke's fairy dedicated to Cofmo di 
 Medicis, a moft ftupendous work confidered in all 
 its circumftances and Encounters ; fo full offpirit 
 and invention, that upon feveral attempts to do the 
 like, it is faid, he could never apppoach it; fo much 
 (it feems) he did in that peice exceed even himlelf. 
 This is alfo well copied. The hiflory of the hlejfed 
 Virgin in fourteen leaves ; The Apofiks in great j 
 The murder of the holy Innocents^ an incomparable 
 work, and almoll exceeding our defcription, as to 
 the fmaljnefs, life, perfection, and multitude of 
 figures exprefled in it ; The Jiory of the. prodigal \ 
 The life and death of our Saviour in twenty imall 
 ovals, very rarely performed i The martyrdom of the 
 Apojiles in fixteen leaves, worthy . of admiration ; 
 The paffion of our Sa^i'lcur in feven larger cut's 4 St. 
 
 : . Anthonfs 
 
the Hillory of Chalcography. 89 
 
 Anthony's temptation-^ prodigious for the fancy and 
 invention ; St. Manfuetus raiftng a dead prince \ A 
 bijhop preaching in a wood \ divers Books of land- 
 
 fchapes and fea peices ; efpecially thofe admirable 
 cuts of his in a book intitled Trattattr di terra fanta^ 
 wherein moll of the reHgious places of Jerufalem, 
 temples, profpe(5ls, i^c. about the Holy Land, 
 are graved to the life by the hand of this excellent 
 
 . mailer, (the book is very rare and never to be en- 
 eountred amongll the colledlion of his prints-,) 1'he 
 
 'duke of Lorrain^s palace and garden at Nancy ; alfo 
 another paper of 2^ tournament there, both of them 
 moft rare things -, Military exercifes ; The miferies 
 of war in eighteen leaves very choice ; The 'battle of 
 Thefeus \ Combat at the Barrier j Entrance of the 
 great duke, with all the fcenes and reprefentations 
 at the duke of Florence's nuptials ; The Catafalco 
 
 i.eredled; at the eixiperor Mathias's death.; the fa- 
 mous Siige at ^ochel, a yery large print ; alfo the 
 
 . Night-peice of the cheats and wenches at play, Maf~ 
 querades, GobbJ, Beggers, Gypjies, Balli ctnd Dances, 
 Pantaftes, Capriccios, Jubilatio Triumphi B. Virgi- 
 \,-fiis, which W3.S it feems graved for a Thejts -, and 
 finally The Cabaret, or meeting of debauchees, 
 which (being the laft plate that ever he graved) 
 had not the aqua fortis given it till after his de- 
 ceafe. And thus we have in brief polled over the 
 llupendous works of this inimitable mailer, whofe 
 point and manner of etching was nothing inferior, 
 nay fometimes even exceeded the moil Ikilful bu- 
 rin. But at length [Jit pudor&fnis] " I defilli" 
 and Ihall here conclude the recital of the Fren*9h 
 Ci)HALCOGR,APHERS, fo many for their numbers, 
 
 laborious 
 
90 ' S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 laborious in their works, and luxurious of their in- 
 ventions, after we have done reafon to moniieur 
 BossE, who has made himlelf lb well known by 
 his moit accurate imitation of Callot, befides 
 the many rare things he has himfelf pubhlhed. 
 It were altogether unpardonable, that fuch as would 
 accomplifli themlelves in Etching, Ihouiu be de- 
 ftitute of his entire work ; elpecially thofe of his 
 latter manner, performed in fingle and maftcrly 
 ftrokes, without decuifations and crofs hatchings, 
 in emulation of the graver. Thofe Vigntts^ Fleu- 
 rons^ capital letters^ Pati, and Compartments^ made 
 to adorn the royal impreffions at the Louvre, are 
 worthy of .celebration, becaufe it is impoffible for 
 the neateft burin to excel his points and elchoppes -, 
 and for that it is to him that we have been chiefly 
 obliged for a treatife, wdiich we had prepared of 
 the pradlical and mechanical part of this art of 
 Chalcography, whereof I have already given 
 account elfewhere. It is to thefam.e monfieur du 
 BossE that the world is beholden for his ingenuity^ 
 in publilhing many other rare and ufefal arts alTift- 
 ant to architeolure^ diallings fquaring of JlcneSy and 
 encountring the difBculties of the free-mafon; be- 
 fides thofe excellent treatifes oi perfpe^ive^ which, 
 from the diiftates of moniieur des Argues, he has 
 fo laudably communicated. This, and much more, 
 we owe to this honeft man's fame and particular 
 friendfliip. 
 
 And laftly, the excellent Chart -Gravers 
 may not be totally excluded of this catalogue j 
 becaufe it is a particular addrefs, and, of late, in- 
 finitely improved by the care of Tavernier, Sanfon, 
 
 the 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 91 
 
 the jefuit Briets, de la Rue, du Val, graven by 
 Cordier, Riviers, Peroni, and others ; not forget- 
 ting the moft indullrious Bleaus of Amilerdam, 
 who have pubhfhed the atlas's, and other peices 
 Vv-hich celebrate their names to pofterity -, and fuch 
 an undertaking has the engineer Go me oust per- 
 formed in his ichnographical plan of Paris lately 
 fet forth, being the refult of near a five years con- 
 tinual labour of meafuring, plotting, and obierving, 
 to render it the moft accomplifhed, and teftify to 
 what ufe and perfecflion this noble art is arrived : 
 this we the more readily mention, that thereby we 
 may ftimulate and encourage the lovers of their 
 country, freely to contribute to the like attempt of 
 the above mentioned Mr. Hollar, and enable 
 him to proceed with what is now under his hand, 
 for the honour of our imperial city. 
 
 And now it is certainly time that we fhould think 
 of home a little, and celebrate likewife fome of our 
 own Countrymen, who have worthily merited 
 with their graver. And although we may not yet 
 boaft of fuch multitudes, by reafon of the late un- 
 happy differences which have difturbed the whole 
 nation, endeavouring to level princes, and lay the 
 Meczenas's of This and all other Arts in the 
 duft; yet had we a Payne for 2, Ship ^ {ome. Heads 
 to the life^ efpecially that of Dr. Alabajier, Sir Ben. 
 Rudyard^ and feveral other things ; a Cecil, and 
 a Wright, little inferior to any v/e have enume- 
 rated for the excellency of their burins and happy 
 delign ; as at prefent v/e have Mr. Faithorne, 
 Mr. Barlow, Gaywood, and others, who have 
 done excellently both with the graver and in aqua 
 
 fortisj 
 
92 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 fortis, efpecially in thofe birds and beafts which 
 adorn the apologues of ^fop pubUfhed by Mr. 
 Ogilby: and of Mr. Faithorne, we have diat 
 Chriji after Raphael -, from fome excellent mailer, 
 as big as the life, A Madona ; Chriji Jofeph and a 
 lamb^ after La Hyre a very good painter ; the 
 effigies of my lord vifcount Mor daunt ^ Sir W. Pajlon 
 and his lady, with feveral other after Van Dyke, 
 
 HONIMAN, i^c. 
 
 LiGHTFOOT hath a very curious graver, and 
 fpecial talent for the neatnefs of his ftroke, little 
 inferior to We irx ; and has publilhed two or three 
 Madonas With. irmch. applaufe: alio Glover divers 
 Heads ; as at prefent J. Fellian difciple of Mr. 
 Faithorne, who is a hopeful young man : lallly, 
 for medals and intaglias we have Mr. Symonds, 
 Rawlins, Restrick, Johnson, and fome others, 
 whofe works in that kind have hardly been exceeded 
 in thefe latter times j not omitting the induftrious 
 Mr. Coker, Gery, Gething, Billingly, i^c. 
 who in what they have publilhed for Letters and 
 Flourijhes are comparable to any of thofe mafters, 
 whom we have fo much celebrated amongft the 
 Italians and French for Calligraphy and 
 fair writing. We have likewife Switzer for cut- 
 ting in wood, the fon of a father who fufEciently 
 difcovered his dexterity in the Herbals fet forth by 
 Mr. Parkinfon, Lobel, and divers other works 
 with due commendation •, not to mention the reft, 
 as yet unknown to us by their names, from whofe 
 induftry we ate yet to hope for excellent progrefs. 
 
 We do therefore here make it our fuit to them, 
 as what would extremely gratify the curious, and 
 
 virtu ofi 
 
J 
 
 the Hillory of Chalcography. 9 
 
 virtuofi univerfally, that they would endeavour to 
 pubUlh fuch excellent things as both his Majesty 
 and divers of the noblefle of this nation have in 
 their pofTeffion, and to which there is no ingenious 
 perfon that will be denied accefs j fince if their 
 coUedions were well engraven and dilperfed about 
 the world, it would not only exceedingly advance 
 their profit and reputation, but bring them likewife 
 into a good manner of Designing, which is the 
 very life of this Art ; and render our nation fa- 
 mous abroad, for the many excellent things which 
 it has once again (by the blefling of GOD, and 
 the genius of our moft illuftrious Prince) reco- 
 vered i efpecially, if, joined to this, fuch as exceed 
 in the talent would entertain us with more. land- 
 fchapes and views of the environs, approaches and 
 profpedts of our nobly fituated Metropolis, 
 Greenwich, Windfor, and other parts upon the 
 goodly Thames ; and in which (as we faid) Mr. 
 Hollar has fo worthily merited, and other coun- 
 tries abound with, to the immenfe refrelhment of 
 the curious, and honour of the induftrious artift. 
 And fuch, we farther wiih, might now and then 
 be encouraged to travel into the Levantine parts, 
 Indies eaft and weft, from whofe hands we might 
 hope to receive innumerable and true defigns, 
 drawn after the life, of thofe furprifmg landfchapes, 
 memorable places, cities, ifles, trees, plants, flowers, 
 and animals, ^c. which are now fo lamely and fo 
 wretchedly prefented and obtruded upon us by 
 the ignorant, and for want of abilities to reform 
 them. 
 
 And 
 
94 S C U L P T U R A : or. 
 
 And thus we have (as briefly as the fubjed would 
 admit) iinifhed what we had to offer concerning the 
 Original and Progress of this noble Art; not 
 but that there may have been many excellent mailers 
 omitted by us, whofe names were worthy of record ; 
 but becaufe they did not occur at the writing hereof, 
 and that we have already introduced a competent 
 and fufHcient number to give reputation to the Art^ 
 and verify our inftitution. For the reft, if we have 
 fomewhat exceeded the limJts of a chapter (com- 
 paring it with thofe which did precede) it has not 
 been without profpeft had to the benefit of fuch as 
 will be glad of inftruftion how to dired: their choice 
 in colledring of what is curious, worthy their pro- 
 curing, and, as the Italians call them, di buon 
 gujio ; for we are far from opining with thofe, who 
 iiy at all without judgment or eledion. In fum, it 
 were to be wilhed, that all our good painters would 
 enrich our colledtions with more of their fludies 
 and ordonances, and not defpife th£ putting of their 
 hands now and then to the graver. We have given 
 inftances of great mailers who excelled in both ; 
 and the draught, if it be good, does fufiiciently 
 commute for the other defeds, or what it may feem 
 to want in the neatnefs and accurate conducing of 
 the hatches •, fince by this means, we fhould be 
 ftored with many rare deligns, touches, and inven-' 
 tions, which, for being only in crayon, are cafual 
 and more obnoxious to accidents, and can be com- 
 municated but to thofe few, who have the good for^ 
 tune to obtain their papers, and (which is yet more 
 rare) the happinefs to underftand, as well as to talk 
 of them. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
the Hlflory of Chalcogp.aphy. 
 
 C H A P. V. 
 
 0/Drawing andDzsiGN, previous to the art of 
 Chalcography; and of the ufe of pictures, in 
 order to the education of children. 
 
 AS the rules of meafure and proportion have an 
 univerfal influence upon all the a6tions of our 
 lives, it was a memorable and noble faying of a 
 great perfon of our nation *, difcourfing to us once 
 concerning the dignity of painting and the arts 
 which attend it \ " That one who could not de- 
 " fisn a little, would never make an honell man." 
 How that obfervation fucceeds in the general, we 
 have not made it much our obfervation ; but this 
 we are bold to pronounce, " That he fnall never 
 " attain to the excellency of a good Chalcogra- 
 *' PHER, who is not more than ordinarily fkilled in 
 •' the faculty and art of Drawing j" a thing {o 
 highly necefTary, that Don at ell us v/as wont to 
 tell his difciples (difcourfing fometimes concerning 
 the accompliihment of this Art) " That, to de- 
 " liver it in a fmgle word, he would fay. Design ; 
 " becaufe it was the very bafis and foundation, not 
 " only of this, but even of all thofe free and noble 
 " {citncts Q^ Fortification, Architecture, Perfpe5five, 
 " and whatfoever alfo pretended to any affinity with 
 " the Mathematics, as really leading the van, and 
 " perfedive of them all.'* 
 
 * Thomas earl of Arundel lord marfhal of England. 
 
 But 
 
^6 SCULPTURA: dr. 
 
 But to treat methodically of thisj or as we have 
 already enlarged in the hiftory and progrefs of 
 Chalcography and the furviving labours of the 
 moft renowned mailers, would require no lefs time 
 and pains. It were indeed a noble, curious, and 
 ufeful work, but almoft impoffible to accomplifh ; 
 becaule the original drawings of the great mafters, 
 being dilperfed amongfl the hands of the greateft 
 princes and men of fcience only, are preferved with 
 jealouly, and efteemed as fo many jewels, of greater 
 value than thofe of pearls and diamonds : for fome 
 of them being the very laft works, though but 
 imperfect draughts of fo excellent artifts, they have 
 for the mofl part been in greater efteem than even 
 thofe of larger bulk and more finiflied; as Pliny 
 inftances in Th Iris of Arist ides. The Medea of 
 TiMOMACHus, and fome others •, becaufe (as he 
 there fpeaks) fuch touches did even exprefs the 
 very thoughts and prime conception of the work- 
 man, as well as the lineaments which he prefents 
 us i and that there is a certain compafllon in our 
 natures which endears them to us, fo as we cannot 
 but love and defire the hands which periflied in the 
 midft of fuch famous peices. Add to this, their 
 inimitable antiquity •, than which ( according to ' 
 Quint iL I AN*) nothing does more recommend 
 things to us, from a certain authority which it uni- ' 
 verfally carries with it •, lb as we feem to review 
 what they did of old in this kind, as if (with Li- 
 bavius) the Gods had imparted fomething of extra- 
 ordinary to the mafters of the ages, paft, which the 
 nature of man is not now capable of attaining. 
 * Inft. 1, S c. 3. 
 
 Thde 
 
the Hillory of Chalcography. (^"^ 
 
 Thefe difficulties therefore confidered, it will 
 not be required of us in this chapter ; which pre- 
 tends to celebrate and promote the art of Draw- 
 ing and Design, only as it has relation and is an 
 abfolute requifite to that of Chalcography, and 
 to prefcribe fome diredlions and encouragements, 
 which may prepare and fit the hand with a compe- 
 tent addrefs therein. 
 
 Whether Design was the produdion of chance 
 or excogitation, we determine not ; certain it is, 
 that pra6lice and experience was its nurfe and per- 
 ficient ; by fome thus defined to be, "A vifiblc 
 *' expreffion of the hand refembling the conception 
 " of the mind." By which definition there are who 
 difbinguifh it from Drawing, both as to its orisi- 
 nal and formality -, " for Design (fay they) is of 
 " things not yet appearing, being but the pidure 
 " of ideas only j whereas Drawing relates more 
 " to copies, and things already extant j " in fum, 
 as the hiftorian differs from the poet, and Horace 
 has well exprefTed it, 
 
 Picioribus atque poetis 
 
 ^idlihet audendi femper fuit ^equa potejias*^ 
 
 Painters and poets have been flill allowed 
 Their pencils and their fancies unconfinM. 
 
 Roscommon. 
 
 We could eafily admit this Art to have been 
 the mofl ancient j and, v/ith Philo stratus, 
 [^UTfevhccrou t/T ^^utc^,'] " of kin even to Nature 
 " herfelf " But to take it fomev/hat lower, there 
 
 * De Arte Poet. 
 
 H goes 
 
98 SCtlLPTURA: Of, 
 
 goes a tradition, that fome ingenious lliepherd was 
 the inventor of it, who efpying the fhadow of one 
 of his fheep on the ground (interpofed between him 
 and the culminating or declining fun) did with the 
 end of his crook trace out the profile upon the 
 dufl : and truly fome fuch vulgar accident (for 
 chance has been a fruitful mother) might firft pro- 
 bably introduce it ; however afterwards fubtiiized 
 upon and cultivated, till it at length arrived to 
 that degree of excellency and efleem, which it has 
 happily gained, and fo long continued. 
 
 But to quit thefe nicer inveftigations, and J)ro- 
 ceed to fome thing of ufe, as it concerns the title 
 of this chapter. 1 he firft and principal manner of 
 Drawing is that with the Pen ; the next with 
 Crayon, whether black, white^ red, or any of 
 the intermediate colours, upon paper either while or 
 coloured. We will not fay much concerning wafh- 
 ing with the pencil, or rubbing-in the fhades with 
 paftils and dry compofitions y becaufe it is not till 
 our difciple be a confummate artift, that he can be 
 edified with defigns of this nature, after which they 
 are of excellent ufe and efFeft. 
 
 The Pen is, therefore, both the firft and beft 
 inftruftive j and has then (as all the other kinds) 
 attained its defired end, when it fo deceives the eye 
 by the magic and innocent witchcraft of Lights 
 and Shades, that elevated andfolid bodies in na- 
 ture, may feem fv^eiling and to be embofTed in 
 piano by art. 
 
 To arrive at this, you muft firft draw the exa6t 
 lineaments and proportion of the fubjeft you would 
 cxpit'fs in, profile, contours, and fingle lines only j 
 
 and 
 
r 
 
 the Hiftory of Chalcography. 99 
 
 and afterwards, by more frequent and tender hatches 
 in die Hghter places, ftrong bold or crofs in th^ 
 deeper. 
 
 By hatching is underftood a continual feries or 
 fucceflion of many lines, Ihorter or longer, clofe or 
 more feparate, oblique or direft, according as the 
 work requires, to render it more or lefs enlightned ; 
 and is attained by practice with a iViit even and 
 dextrous hand, though fometimes alfo by the help 
 of the rule and compafs -, every man not being an 
 Apzlles or Pyrgoteles to work without them. 
 Now the beft expedient to gain a maftery in this 
 addrefs, will be to imitate fuch prirtts and ciitSy as 
 are moil celebrated for this perfedlion ; fuch Camongft 
 plenty of others) are thofe of Henry Goltzius, 
 the Sadelers, Harman, Sanredam, Voster- 
 MAN, and, above all, that rare book of J a cOiMO 
 Palma graven by Edoardo Fialetti ; of the 
 more modern, the incomparable Natal is, Nax- 
 
 TEUIL, POILLY, CoRNELIUS BlOMAEP-Tj thcfe 
 
 for the burin : for etching, C allot, Morine, 
 and BossE, elpecially in thofe his later peices, which 
 have fo nearly approached the graver. After thefe, 
 let our learner defisin the feveral members of bodies 
 a-part, and then united, with in tire figures and flo- 
 ries, till he be able to compofe fomething of his own 
 which may fupport the examination of qualified 
 ■judges. Bxitxht 7rL0')rx.cay}xa.ov " fir ft draughts'* 
 of thefe fhould not be with too great curiofity, and 
 the feveral minutis that appear in many copies, 
 "but with a certain free and judicious negligence -, 
 rather aiming at the Original, than paining of 
 yourfelf with overmuch exadtnefs : for [nocere f^epe 
 H 2 7nm:aj7i 
 
100 "SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 nimiam diltgentiam'] " that a work often fuffers by 
 '' being too much laboured," was an old obfervationj 
 and therefore the ancient painters (fays Philostra- 
 T us) more efteemed a certain true and liberal draught 
 than the neatnefs of the figure, as he expreffes it 
 in Amphiaraus's horfe fweating after the confli6l j 
 lince drawings and defigns are not to be like Po- 
 lycletus's canon, which took its feveral parts from 
 as many perfed bodies, by a ftudied and moft ac- 
 curate fymmetry. It fliall fufEce that the prime 
 conceptions of our aitift be performed with lefs 
 conftraint : a coal or pencil of black-lead will ferve 
 the turn, referving the ftronger and deeper touches 
 for a fecond pafs of the hand over your work j and 
 laf!; of all, penning the contours and out-lines with 
 a more even and acute touch, neatly finilhing the 
 hatches with a refolute conftant and flowing hand, 
 efpecially as it approaches to the fainter fhadows, 
 terminating them in loft and mifly extremes, and 
 thwarted (if you will counter-hatch) at equal and 
 uniform intervals (but not till the firft be dry) or 
 if with fingle ftrokes (which to us renders the moft 
 natural and agreable effedls) with full deep hatches, 
 and their due diminifhings. 
 
 But it would haply be objcded, that thefe accu- 
 rate deligns of the Pe n were never efteemed among 
 the nobler parts of Drawing, as for the moft part 
 appearing too finical ftiff and conftrained. To this 
 v/e reply j that the remark is not impertinent, as 
 r.on^monly we find by experience : but it has not 
 preceded from the leaft defeft in the Instrument, 
 but: from that of the Artist, whofe aptitude "is 
 \:->i\ yet arrived to that perfedlion which is requifite, 
 
 and 
 
the Hiilory of Chalcqg,raphy. ipi 
 
 and does infallibly confirm and difpofc the hand to 
 whatever it addreffes ; affording fo great a delight 
 and fatisfaftion to fome excellent workmen, as that 
 they never defired to advance further than this tri- 
 umph of the Pen, which has celebrated their names, 
 and equalized their renown with that of the moft 
 famous painters. For fuch were (in this nature) 
 the incomparable drawings of Don GiulioClo- 
 vio, Albert Durer, Passarotto, yea Ti- 
 tian himfelf when the fancy took him -, the fore- 
 mentioned Goltzius, efpecially for his Diana. 
 Jieeping, drawn with a pen on a cloth primed in oil, 
 which was fometime fold at Amfberdam for two 
 hundred pounds •, and that laborious and moft ftu- 
 pendous work of his, now part of his Majesty's 
 colleftion, where he has drawn with the pen upon 
 an heightning of oil a Venus^ Cupid^ Satyr, and 
 fome other figures, as big as the life itfelf, with a 
 boldnefs and dexterity incomparable : and fuch are 
 fome things which we have feen done by Signior 
 Thomaso a Florentine ; and our ingenious friend 
 Mr. Vander Dousi: {defccnded of that noble 
 Janus Dousa, whofe learning and courage the 
 great Scaliger and Grotius have fo worthily 
 celebrated) now in the court of England. To 
 thefe we add Robert Nanteuil at Paris; and of 
 our own countrymen, thofe eight or ten drawings 
 by the pen of Francis and John Cleyn (two 
 hopeful, but now deceafed brothers) after thofe 
 great cartoons of Raphael, containing the llories 
 oiThe aHs of the apofi;les, where, in a fraternal emu- 
 lation, they have done fuch work, as was never yet 
 excededijy mortal men, either of the former or 
 H 3 prefent 
 
102 SC UL^TURA: or, 
 
 prefent age ; and worthy they are of the honour 
 which his Majesty has done their memories, by 
 having purchafed thefe excellent things out of Ger- 
 many, whither they had been tranfported, or, at 
 leafb, intended : there is likewife one Mr. Francis 
 Carter (now in Italy) not to be forgotten amongft 
 thofe whole pens deferve to be celebrated. But it 
 is not here that we are to expatiate far on this par- 
 ticular, as defig;iing a chapter only -, much lefs 
 fhall we have leifure to proceed to black and white 
 Chalk (as they call it) upon coloured paper, iri 
 which thofe many incomparable and original draw- 
 ings of the old and great Masters are yet ex- 
 tant ; wherein a middle colour wrought upon two 
 extremes, produces, (on an inftant) that wonder- 
 ful and Itupendous roundnefs and exftancy, which 
 the Pen is fo long in doing, though fo infallible a 
 guide to its well doing -, that having once attained 
 the command of that inftrument, alf other drawings 
 whatfocver will feem moft eafy and delightful. 
 Neither Ihall it then be requifite to continue that 
 exaftnefs, fince all Drawing is but as an hand- 
 maid and attendant to what you would eitherGR a ve 
 or Paint. 
 
 But by this perfedion and dexterity at firft, did 
 .even thofe renowned mafters, Giulio, Parme- 
 GiANO, and fometimes Pol yd ore himfelf, (not 
 to infill on Rubens and Van Dyke) proceed, 
 whofe drawings in this kind, when firft they made 
 their ftudies in Italy, were exceedingly curious and 
 iinilhedj though in all" their more recent and ma- 
 turer defigns^ rather judicious than exact, becaufe 
 pf that time vv^hici) fuch minute finifhings did ufually 
 
 take 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography, 103 
 
 take up ; and, that when all is done, it is flill but 
 a Drazving, which indeed conduces to the making 
 of profitable things, but is itfelf none. 
 
 Yet io highly necellary is this of Drawing to 
 all who pretend to thefe noble and refined arts, that 
 for the fecuring of this foundation, and the promo- 
 tion and encouragement of it, the greateftPRiNCEs 
 of Europe have erected Ac a d e m i e s, furnillied w^ith 
 all conveniences for the exercife and improvement 
 of the virtuofi : fuch illuftrious and noble geniufes 
 were Cosmo di Medicis, Francis the firfl, 
 Carlo Borromeo, and others,^ who built, or 
 appointed for them, ftately apartments even in their 
 own palaces, and under the fame roof i procuring 
 models, and endowing them with charters enfran- 
 chifements and ample honoraries i by which they 
 attradied to their courts and countries, moll of the 
 refined and extraordinary fpirits in all the arts and 
 fciences that were then celebrated throughout the 
 world. 
 
 Nor it feems has it been the fole glory of thofe 
 illuftrious princes to cherilh and enoble men of art : 
 the Greeks and Romans of old had them in fpe- 
 cial veneration -, but in none of their courts, were 
 men of fcience carelled to that degree, as in that 
 we have read of the emperors of Japan at prefent, 
 who does not only entertain and nobly accommo- 
 date them, but never ftirs abroad without their 
 company. Thefe great men, fays my * author, 
 (meaning Physicians, Painters, Sculptors, 
 JVlusiciANS, Cs'c. Iquos propria nomine appellant 
 
 * Defcrip. Reg. Japanias Bern. Varenii. 
 
 H 4 contU" 
 
104 SCU LPTURA: or, 
 
 contuhermum C<efaris\ " who are diftinguifhed by 
 *' the name of the emperor's company") march be- 
 fore the king, whether he go forth in litter or on 
 horfeback ; and being elected of perfons of the 
 ^reatefl birth in his dominions, they r.lways con- 
 tinue at his court richly appointed with falaries, 
 but othenvife to bear no office whatfoever which 
 qiay in the leafl im.portune them ; \eo folwn ele5li^ 
 ut imperatori ad voluptatem & dele3}ationem confor- 
 tium frajientj " as being therefore only chofen, to 
 '* recreate and divert the prince with their excellent 
 " converfation." Thefe being men of the rareft 
 parts and endowments in his empire, have pre- 
 eminence in all places next the king : then come 
 the guards in the rear, which confift of a more in- 
 ferior nobility. Thus far tl>e hiftorian. 
 
 We knov/ not how this inllanee may in thefe 
 days be interpreted ; but, certainly, the courts of 
 princes were in former ages compofed of men of 
 the greatell virtue and talents above the reft, and 
 fuch as polTeffed fbmething of extraordinary (befides 
 the wearing of fine cloaths and making the bon 
 mein) to recommend them. We infift not on 
 Sculptors and Painters only, elpecially as 
 fuch men are now for the moft part vicious, or 
 elfe of poor and mechanic Ipirits ; but as thofe an- 
 cient and noble geniufes were heretofore accom- 
 plifhed; and fuch as of late were Raphael, Du- 
 RER, Leon Alberti, Da Vinci, Rubens, and 
 at prefent Cavalier Bernini, i^c. perfons of 
 moft excellent endowments and univerfally learned; 
 which rendred their fautors and proteflors famous, 
 
 by 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 105 
 by leaving fuch marks of their admired virtue as 
 did eternize their merits to after ages. 
 
 Thus it was, that Myron, Polycletus, Phy- 
 DiAS, Lysippus, and others of the ancients, pro- 
 cured fuch lafting names by their divine labours. 
 They wrought for Kings, great Cities, and noble 
 Citizens: whereas others, on the contrary, (men 
 haply of no lefs induftry and fcience) had little or 
 no notice taken of them j becaufe they received no 
 fuch encouragements, were poor and negleded, 
 which did utterly eclipfe and fupprefs their fame : 
 fuch as thofe whereof Vitruvi us does in the pre- 
 face to his third book make mention, where he 
 Ipeaks of Chirom the Corinthian, Hellas of 
 Athens, Myagrus of Phocia, Pharax the Ephe- 
 fian, befides Aristomenes, Polycles, Nicho^ 
 MACHus, and feveral others j who being excellent 
 mailers, and rarely endowed, perifhed in obfcurity, 
 and without any regard from the unequal hand 
 and diflribution of fortune, and for want of being 
 cherilhed by princes and great men. But to re^ 
 turn : 
 
 In thefe places they had books of drawings of all 
 the old and renowned Masters, rounds ^ bufts^ 
 relievos^ and entire figures^ call off from the beft of 
 the antique Jiatues and monuments., Greek and Ro- 
 man. There was to be feen, the Laocoon, Ckopa- 
 tra^ AntinoiiSy Flora^ Hercules^ CommoduSy Venus^ 
 Meleager, Niobe^ &c. whereof the Originals 
 are ftill extant at Rome. There were likewife di- 
 vers rare and txctWtnt fiatues, both of brafs and 
 marble ; models and divers fragments of bafes, co- 
 lumns^ capitals, freezes, corniceSy and other peiccs 
 
 moulded 
 
io6 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 moulded from the nioft authentic remains of the 
 ancient famous buildings, befides a univerlal col- 
 ledion of tnedals, things artificial and natural. 
 
 But to recover our Drawing again, as it con- 
 cerns the art of Chalcography. We have already 
 mentioned fuch of the moll accomplifhed Gravers, 
 whofe labours and works were propofed for exempt 
 lars and imitation. Nor let the moll fupercilious 
 Painter defpife v/hat we have here alleged 5 or 
 imagine it any diminution to his art, that he now 
 and then put his hand to the Pen, and draw even 
 after fpme of thofe Majiers we haVe fo much cele- 
 brated. What An PRE A delSarto has taken out 
 of th^ prints of Albert DuRSR, improving and 
 reducing them to his manner (not for want of in- 
 vention, and plagiary like, g,s all that have any 
 knowlege of his works can juftify) has no way 
 eclipfed, but rather augmented his glory 5 as on 
 the Qtliej fide, that divine peice of his, TheChriJius 
 mortuusy which he gave to be cut by A tr ousting 
 Venetiano ; ^he triumphs^ vafa, and anatomies 
 of old Rosso, by whomfoever ejigraven ; and thofe 
 other things of his after Domenico Barbieri. 
 Paulo Veronese did much iludy the prints of 
 Durer i and that incomparable pointer Antonio 
 Vassalacci, (called otherwife Aliense) made 
 notable ufe of that his prodigious colleftion of 
 fiamps of the moll rare hands : not to , recapitulate 
 v/hat were publifhed by Raphael him(elf, and in- 
 finite others ; by which they have fufficlently made 
 appear, the value they attributed to this Art ; de- 
 iiring (as much as in them lay) to render their 
 y/orks famous topofterity, by thus communicating' 
 
 them 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 107 
 
 them to the world, though, many times, through 
 the hands but ofvery vulgar and ordinary gravers. 
 
 And here we Ihould have put a period to riiis eflliy 
 and the prefent chapter, as having abundantly vin- 
 dicated the neceflity and worthinefs of Design and 
 Drawing, as it is previous and introduftory to the 
 artof Chalcography, hadnot one curiofity more 
 prevented us •, which becaufe it fo much concerns 
 the conducing of hatches and flrokes, whether . 
 with pen, point, or graver, pr;etending to (at leaffc 
 very ingenioully hinting) a method, how, by a 
 conftant and regular certitude, one may exprefs to 
 the eye the fenfation of the relievo or exftancie of 
 objects, be it by one or more hatches, crofs and 
 counter, we think not impertinent here to recite as 
 briefly as the demonftration will pjrmit. 
 
 The principal end of a Graver that would 
 copy a defign or peice compofed of one or more 
 objed:s, is, to render it correal both in relation to 
 the draught, contours, and other particularities as 
 to the lights and (hades on the front, flying or 
 turning, in bold or faint touches, fo as may beft 
 ^xprefs the relief-, in which Gravers have hitherto, 
 -for the mofl: part, rather imitated one another, thaii 
 improved or refined upon nature j fome with more, 
 fome with fewer fl:rokes ; having never yet found 
 out a certain and uniform guide to follow in this 
 work, fo as to carry their ftrokes with afTu ranee, 
 as knowing where they are to determine, without 
 manifeflily ofiending the due rules of perfpedive. 
 
 If, in truth, nakeds and other polite bodies were 
 fo formed, as that we might deted: the courfe and 
 inclination of the threads, fi.bres, and grain, fo as 
 
 we 
 
ihS SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 we perceive it in ftufFs, cloth, linen, and other 
 draperies, nothing would appear more facile j for 
 let them aflume what ply they will, it does not at 
 all concern the tiflue tenor or range of the threads 
 and wails (as they call them) which is eafily imi- 
 tated, both as to their inclinations, and diftances 
 from the point of fight. 
 
 But fmce we are much at a lofs, and can perceive 
 no fuch diredion or clue in nudities and other 
 fmooth furfaces, it were haply worth the while to 
 find out fome expedient which fhould alTift the 
 imagination in this affair, and that might encoun- 
 ter the difHculty upon other terfe and even objefts, 
 by forming fuch ftrokes and dire6tors upon them in 
 our imaginations ; obferving, that there are feme 
 parts in them commonly to be diftinguiihed from 
 the mafs in grofs ; for example, the hairs in men, 
 eyes, teeth, nails, ^c; that as one would conceive 
 fuch lines or hatches on thofe maffes, others may 
 likewife be as well fancied upon thofe leiTer and 
 more delicate members. 
 
 To effed: this, the following Icon ism is thus 
 explained. 
 
 Suppofe, in the uppermoft figure of this plate, 
 the objeft O to be the reprefentation in perfpedtive 
 of the portion of a bowl, expofed to the beams of 
 the fun ; and the letters c. s. r. t. a frame, or fquare 
 of wood barred and ftrung in even and ftrait lines 
 parallel inter fe. 
 
 Then another thread, 'viz. m. n. crofling them 
 in perpendicular. The frame in the mean time 
 fuppofed to incline towards the bowl O betwixt it 
 and the fun, which reprefents to you all thefe 
 
 threads 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 109 
 
 threads projetfling their fhadows upon the bowl, 
 and the furface where it is fituate. 
 
 Suppofe now the fame upon the rehevo or mafs 
 itfelf; it is evident, thatthefe threads, in whatever 
 nlanner you interpofe the faid frame betwixt the 
 bowl and the fun, will perpetually caft their fha- 
 dows parallel inter fe, cutting it as it were into le- 
 veral planes, uniform and parallel alfo. 
 
 You fee likewife in this very figure, that the ob- 
 lique and dired Ihades ^, Uj x, y, are caufed by the 
 cathetus mtn; and the pointed curved lines upon 
 the bowl O, viz. 0, x, n, 1,2, C^c. are formed by 
 the parallels which interfe<5t the perpendicular. 
 
 But the fame frame pofited between the fun and 
 a head in relievo, of white marble or the like (as 
 in the inferior example,) will not render the Iha- 
 dow of the threads alike upon all the parts parallel 
 inter fe (as in the former) though the fame were 
 fuppofed to be cut by like plane and mutual pa- 
 rallels as was the bowl O. However, fo Ihall they 
 appear, as to hint the tracing of parallels on the 
 relievo, or aflift the imagination of them there, 
 and confequently, how to defign them upon objedls 
 made after the fame ordonance in perfpedlive pa- 
 rallel, as one may conceive them upon the relievo 
 of an ordonance in geometrical parallel, viz. as in 
 the figure ; or, to Ipeak more diflindlly, fup- 
 pofing them the fame on the irregular as on the 
 regular. 
 
 Confider then upon the head, the concourfe of 
 thofe imaginary parallels in perfpedive, Ihaded 
 with the pointed lines > and how the intercurrent 
 
 hatches. 
 
no SCULPTURAL or, 
 
 hatches, which they comprehend, purfue the fame 
 courfe and tenor, or perfpedive parallehfm. 
 
 Fi-oni thefe inftances now, it will not be difficult 
 how to apply the fame upon all the forts of bodies 
 reprefentable by graving, and to comprehend in 
 ones imagination the concurrency and uniform tenor 
 of the particles, as we may fo call them : only, 
 there is this particular to be obferved, that the pro- 
 jefiure of the threads will not appear alike perfpi- 
 cuous in the deep and fhady parts of relievos as 
 upon the illuminated, being loft in the dark : but 
 this is eaiily fupplied by the imagination, or by 
 holding a loofe thread parallel to the fhaded, near 
 to the body of the figure ; by which the courfe of 
 the jfift jnay be well conceived. And this may 
 lerve to give great light to him that fhall either 
 grave in copper, or draw with the pen, for the 
 iymmetrically conducing of his hatches, determi- 
 natively, and with certitude, by thus imagining 
 them to be geometrically marked upon the relievo 
 or emboffinent of the natural, wherever he encoun- 
 ter it ; and after this conception, to trace them out 
 upon his plate or draught in perfpedive. 
 
 And indeed, that which is chiefly confiderable 
 and ingenious in this, is, that of their perfpeftive ; 
 fmce tlie Ihades of the lines (in the forementioned 
 example) which were upon the parts more or lefs 
 turned, appear to our eye accordingly with more 
 or lefs force, which renders clear a different efFe{5l 
 as to the fwelling and exftancies of the parts, than 
 we find it in works where this method has not been 
 x>bferved -, fo as truly this may feem to be the mofl 
 «;eitain expedient of exprefTmg by hatches the re- 
 lievo 
 
the Hiflory of Chalcography. iil. 
 licvo of obje6ts, whether with the pen or burin. 
 And this is the fenfe of a much larger difcourfe, 
 which monfieur du Bosse has propofed, treating 
 of the praftice of ^fr/^^^zi^^ upon irregular furfaces, 
 and we have thought fit to infert into this chapter ; 
 not only becaufe it is new and pretty, but for that 
 (to us) it appears to be of good ufe, and as may 
 be feen in fome of the late heads graven by the in- 
 comparable Nantueil, who had been the fole 
 occafion of this ingenious confideration about the 
 time of our lafl being at Paris. 
 
 But if this (like the diligence of Mechopanes, 
 which Pliny affirms none was able to underiland 
 but an artift only) feem to be a difquifition more 
 refined than ufeful, for that few of our gravers 
 work off^ from the round, upon which alone the 
 obfervation is pradlicable ^ yet Ihall it be neceffary 
 to admonifh, that fhadows over dark, too deep and 
 fudden, are not commendable in thefe works, as 
 feldom fo appearing in the life j and therefore hatch- 
 ings expreffed by fingle ftrokes, are ever the mofl 
 graceful and natural, though of greater difficulty 
 to execute, elpecially being any ways oblique j be- 
 caufe they will require to be made broader and fuller 
 in the middle, than either at their entrance or exit, 
 an addrefs much more eafy with the burin and the 
 pen than with the point; though monfieur Bosse's 
 invention of the efchoppe does render the making 
 of this fulcus much more facile. But to attain 
 this mafterly, and wit:h afliirance of hand, our 
 workmen may do well to imitate the gravings of 
 
 the SaDELERS, ViLLAMENA, SuANNEBURG, 
 
 Gaultier; but efpeciaily Claudius Mellan, 
 
 Natalis, 
 
112 SCULPTURAr or, 
 
 Natalis, Poilly, Nantueil, Cornelius 
 Blomaert, H. Goltzius : and for the etchers 
 in aqua fortis, Callot and Du Bosse, in feme 
 of their laft cuts efpecially. Though even the 
 counter hatchings alfo, coming tenderly off, and 
 well conduced, (fo as *tis to be feen in fome of the 
 prints of Mark Antonio, C. Cort, Aug, 
 Carrache and other mailers) render both an ad- 
 mirable and ftupendous effect ; for it is in this well 
 placing of white and black, wherein all this Art^ 
 and even that of Painting does confift. Thus 
 Aglaphontes ufed but one colour ; no more did 
 NiTiA the Athenian painter: and it was this re- 
 lievo alfo for which the famous Zeuxis became fo 
 renowned : not to infill on He re dices the Corin- 
 thian, and Thelophanes the Sicyonian, who 
 were both of them but monochromifls, and, till 
 Cleophanes came amongfl them, no dillemblers, 
 as owning no other colours but thofe eminent con- 
 traries, that is, the lights and the fhades j in the 
 true managing whereof fo many wonders are to be 
 produced by this Art, and even a certain fplendor 
 and Jbeauty in the touches of the burin, fo as the 
 very union and colouring itfelf may be conceived 
 without any force upon the imagination, as wc 
 have before obferved in thefe excellent gravings of 
 Natalis, Rousselet, andPoiLLv, after Bour- 
 don; and in what Greuter, Blomaert, and 
 fome others have done after Poussin, Guido 
 Reni, Cortona, ^c. 
 
 But here by the way, let no man think we mean 
 by this coloree (as they term it) in drawing and 
 graving, lu^h a pofition of the hatches as the 
 
 chevalier 
 
the Hillory of Chalcography. 113 
 
 chevalier Wolson has invented, and Pietro 
 Santo the jefuit has followed, to diftinguifh their 
 blazons by * : but a certain admirable efFeft, 
 emerging from the former union of lights and 
 fhadows ; fuch as the Ancients would exprefs 
 by tonus^ or the Pythagoreans in their ^r<?/)cr- 
 tioits, ind imitated in this Art, where the fliades 
 of the hatches intend and remit, to the befb re- 
 femblance of Painting, the commiflures of the 
 light and dark parts, imperceptibly united,- or at 
 lead fo fweetly conduded, as that the alteration 
 could no more certainly be defined, than the fe^ 
 mitones or harmoge in mufic j which though in- 
 deed differing, yet it is fo gentle, and fo agreable, 
 as even ravillies our fenfes, by a fecret kind of 
 charm, not to be exprefled in words or difcerned 
 by the ignorant^ And this it is which has rendered 
 it fo difficult to copy after defigns and paintings 
 and to give the true heightenings, where there atre 
 no hatchings to exprefs them ; unlefs he, that co- 
 pies, defign perfedlly himfelf, and poflefs more 
 than the ordinary talent and judgment of gravers^ 
 or can himfelf manage the pencil. 
 
 But to return to prints again. We are to un- 
 derftand, that what the artifts do many times call 
 excellent, does not always fignify to the advantage 
 of the graver •, but more frequently the defign, 
 confining in the lineaments, proportion and or- 
 donance, if thefe be well and mafterly performed, 
 and for which we have fo recommended the praftice 
 of this art to our Englifh painters in chap. IV; tho', 
 
 * Theatre d'heneitr. Teflera Gentil. 
 
 .^ i to 
 
114 'SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 to fpeak of an accomplifhed peice indeed, it is the 
 refult of integral caufes only, and where they uni- 
 verfally encounter. 
 
 We do farther add, that, for this reafon, copies 
 are in prints much more eafily detected than in 
 paintings, and, by confequence, more facile alfo 
 to imitate, as ufmg all one kind of inftrument and 
 fewer ways of expreffion. But if there be a diffi- 
 . culty in it, thofe which are etched in aqua fortis 
 make it moll conipicuous ; both becaufe the na- 
 ture of the plates, and quality of the waters and 
 their operations, may fometimes fall out to be fo 
 very unlike. But to difcern an original print from 
 a copy print, (not to fpeak of fuch plates as have 
 been retouched and therefore of little value) is a 
 knack very eafily attained •, becaufe 'tis almoft im- 
 poffible to imitate every hatch, and to make the 
 ilrokes of exad and equal dimeaiions, where every 
 the leaft defe(5l, or flaw in the copper itfelf, is fuf- 
 ficient to deted and betray the impofture ; as in 
 that little Defcent f-rom the crofs ofANNiBALE^CA- 
 RACCHE (already mentioned) is perfpicuous, and 
 which it were abfolutely impoffible to counterfeit. 
 In the mean time, fuch as are profound and well 
 knowing, do eflablifh their judgments upon other 
 particulars of the art, and the very handling itfelf. 
 
 Laftly, that aqua fortis gives a tendernefs to 
 landfchapes, trees and buildings, fuperior to that 
 of the burin (though that exceed infinitely in figures) 
 may be feen in that of Israel's View of theLouvrey 
 before recited-, and in fome other worlcs where 
 there is an indullrious and fludied mixture, as in 
 that fecond manner.ofVosTER man's which did fo 
 
 much 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 115 
 much pleafe Rubens and VanDyke, even in the- 
 portraits which that excellent graver pubiilhed after 
 thofe great mens paintings. 
 
 It was in the former chapter that we made re- 
 hearfal of the moft renowned Gravers and their 
 works; not that we had no more to add to that 
 number, but becaufe we would not mingle thefe 
 illuftrious names and qualities there, which we 
 purpofely referv^d for the crown of this difcourfe : 
 we did, therefore, forbear to mention what his 
 highnefs prince Rupert's own hands have contri- 
 buted to the dignity of that art 5 performing things 
 in graving (of which fome enrich our collection) 
 comparable to the greatefl mafters ; fuch a fpirit 
 and addrefs there appears in all that he touches, 
 and elpecially in that of the Mezzotinto, of 
 which we Ihall fpeak hereafter more at large, having 
 firft enumerated thofe incomparable gravings of 
 that his new and inimitable ftile, in both the great 
 and little' Decollations of St. John Baptijij Thefoldier 
 holding a fpear and leaning his hand on a Jhield^ The 
 two Mary Magdalens, The old man's head, that of 
 Titian, &c. after the fame Titian, Georgione, 
 and others. We have alfo feen a plate etched by 
 the prefent French King, and other great per- 
 fons ; the right honourable the earl of Sandwich 
 fometimes (as we are told) diverting himfelf with 
 the burin, and herein imitating thofe ancient and 
 renowned heroes, whofe names are loud in the 
 trumpet of fame for their fkill and particular af- 
 fection to thefe arts. For fuch of old, were Lu- 
 cius Manilius and Fabius, noble Romans ; 
 Pacuvius the tragic poet, nephew to Ennius ; 
 I 2 Socrates 
 
11^ SCULPTURA: or^ 
 
 Socrates the wifefl of men, and Plato himfelf. 
 Metrodorus, and Pyrrhus the philofopher, 
 did both defign and paint ; and fo did Valenti- 
 NiAN, Adrian, and Severus, emperors; fo as 
 the great Paulus tEmilius elleemed it of fiich 
 high importance, that he would needs have his fon 
 to be inftructed in it, as in one of the moft worthy 
 and excellent accomplilhments belonging to a prince. 
 For the art of graving Quint ili an likewife cele- 
 brates Euphranor, a polite and rarely endowed 
 perfon; and Pliny, in that chapter where he treats 
 of the fame art, obferves, that there was never any 
 one famous in it, but who was by birth or educa- 
 tion a Gentleman : therefore He and Galen^ 
 in their recenfionof the Liberal Arts, mention 
 that of Graving in particular amongft the mofl 
 permanent ; and in the fame catalogue number it 
 with rhetoric, geometry, logic, aftronomy, yea 
 grammar itfelf y becaufe there is in thefe arts, fay 
 they, more of fancy and invention than ftrength of 
 hand, more of the fpirit than of the body. Hence 
 Aristotle informs us*, that the Grecians did 
 univerfally inftitute their children in the art of 
 painting and drawing, for an oeconomique reafon 
 there fignified, as well as to produce proportions 
 in the mind. Varro makes it part of the Ladies 
 education, that they might have the better fkill in 
 -he works of embroidery, &c. and for this caufe 
 
 his daughter Marti A celebrated amongft thofe 
 ^f her fair fex. We have already mentioned the 
 learned Anna Schurman ; but the Princess 
 Louisa has done wonders of this kind, and is 
 
 * Polit. 1. 8. c, 3. 
 
 famous 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 117 
 
 famous throughout Europe for the many peices 
 which enrich our cabinets ; examples fufficient to 
 vindicate its dignity, and the value that has been 
 fet upon it : lince Emperors, Kings, and Phi- 
 losophers, the great and the wife, have not dif- 
 xlained to cultivate and cherifh this honourable qua- 
 lity ; of old fo nobly reputed, that amongft the 
 Greeks a (lave might not be taught it. How 
 pafTionately does Pereskius, that admirable and 
 univetfal genius, deplore his want of dexterity in 
 this Art ! Baptista Alberti, Aldus, Pom* 
 pONius GuARicus, DuRER, and Rubens, were 
 politely learned and knowing men i and it is hardly 
 to be imagined, of how great ufe, and conducible, 
 a competent addrefs in this Art of Drawing and 
 Designing is to the feveral advantages which oc- 
 cur ; and elpecially, to the more noble mathema- 
 tical fciences, as we have already inftanced in the 
 lu/iary works ofHEVELius, and are nolefs obliged 
 to celebrate fome of our own countrymen famous 
 for their dexterity in this incomparable art ; fuch 
 Vv'as that Blagrave, who himfelf cut thofe dia- 
 grams in his mathematical jewel j and fuch at pre- 
 fent, is that rare and early prodigy of univerfal 
 fcience. Dr. Christopher Wren, our worthy 
 and accomplilhed friend. For, if the ftudy of elo- 
 quence and rhetoric were cultivated by the greateft 
 geniufes and heroic perfons which the world has 
 produced, and that, by the fuffrage of the moft 
 knowing, to be a perfedt orator a man ought to be 
 univerfally inftruded, a quality fo becoming and 
 ufeful fhould never be negledcd: \_omnium enim 
 I 3 artium 
 
iiS SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 artium peritus frit orator^ ft de omnibus ei dicendum 
 ejf*~\ " he that would Ipeak well upon all fubjeds, 
 " ihould be ignorant of none." It was Cicero 
 that taught Quintilian the importance of it, 
 where he tells us, that in his opinion, no man 
 could pretend to be [omni laude cumulatus orator-f] 
 " a perfed: and accompiilhed orator indeed," [niji 
 erit omnium rerum magnarum atque artium fcientiam 
 confecutus] " unlefs he be fkilled in all the valuable 
 " parts of fcience." It is the fentence of that great 
 man, and therefore to be embraced by us, efpecially 
 on this occafion ; becaufe it was immediately after 
 he had exprefly inftanced in C^latura &Sculp- 
 TURA, that of cutting and engraving : for it is 
 worth the obfervation, that the ages v/hich did moft 
 excel in eloquence, did alfo fiourilh moll in These 
 Arts, as in the time of Demosthenes, and the 
 fame Cicero ; and as they appeared, fo they com- 
 monly vanished together •, and this remark is uni- 
 verfal. 
 
 But now for clofe of all, and to verify the ad- 
 mirable ufe which may be derived from this incom- 
 parable Art above the reft, let us hear what the 
 learned abbot of Villeloin, monfieurDE Ma r o l l e s, 
 has left upon record in the Memci?'s of his ozvn life'y 
 Anno MDcxLiv, after he had made a very hand- 
 ibme Difcourfe (which we recommend to all good 
 Roman catholics) concerning images^ upon occafior^ 
 of a fi.iperftitious frequenting of a certain renowned 
 Shrine pretended to have done miracles at PariS;, 
 but was detected to be an impofture. The palTage 
 is thus : Dieu m^a fait la grace^ ^c. 
 
 * (^uiNTiL. inft, 1. 2. \ De Orat. i. 
 
 I am 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 119 
 
 I am (laith he) greatly obliged to GOD, that 
 though I have ever had a lingular affeftion to mages, 
 I was never in my life fuperftitious ; I have yet 
 made a colle^ion fo prodigious, that they amount to 
 no lefs than feventy thoufand, (he adds aftervvards 
 ten thoufand more ;) but they are all copper cuts 
 and engravings of all forts of fubjecfls imaginable. 
 I began to be addided to this kind of curiofity but 
 fince the year mdcxli -, but have fo cherifhed the 
 humour, that I may truly affirm, without the leaft 
 exaggeration, that I have fome -prints of all the 
 mafiers that are any where to be found, as well grab 
 vers as defigners and inventors^ to the number of 
 above four hundred ; and thefe are ranged in Books 
 of charts and maps^ calligraphy, afchite5Iure, forti^ 
 fication, tactics, Jieges, circumvallations, battles^ 
 Jingle combats, naval fights, maritime peices, land- 
 fchapes, taivns, cajoles, feas, rivers, fountains, vafa, 
 gardening, flowers, ruins, perfpe£five, clocks, watches, 
 machines, goldfmiths* works, joiners'' and workers^ in 
 iron, copper, embroidering, laces, grotefque, animals, 
 habits of fever al countries, anatomies, portraitures, 
 cartouches and compartiments, antiques, baffo relievos, 
 fiatues, catafalcos^ tomhsy epitaphs, funeral pomps, 
 entries, cavalcados, devices, medals, emblems, fhips, 
 cabinet peices, trees, fruits, ftones, dances, comedies, 
 hacchanalia, huntings, armories', tournaments, maf 
 f acres, executions, torments, fports, heroic and moral 
 fables, hiftories, lives of faints and martyrs, peices of 
 the Bible, religious orders, thefes, and above ten 
 thoufand portraits of renowned perfons, without 
 counting (amongft thefe) above fix fcore volumes 
 of mailers, whofe names he there enumerates alpha- 
 
 I 4 betically. 
 
I20 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 betically. This curiofity (fays he) I afFecfled from 
 my youth j but did not much cultivate till of late 
 years, preferring it even before paintings themfelves 
 (for which yet I have infinite efteem ;) not only for 
 ^hat they are more proportionable to my purfe, but 
 j^ecaufe they better become our libraries : fo that 
 had we a dozen only, that were curious of thefe 
 colledtions in France, efpecially among perfons of 
 condition (fuch as monfieur De L'Orme, the late 
 monfieur De la Mechinier, i^c.) taille-douces 
 would come to b^ extraordinary rarities ; and the 
 works of Lucas, Durer, Marc Antonio, and 
 the Polite Masters, which are now fold at four 
 or five hundred crowns a-peice, would be then va- 
 lued at three times as much j a thing incredible, 
 did not experience convince us of it -, thofe who are 
 touched with this kind of afFpd:ion, hardly ever 
 abandoning it, fo full of charms variety and in- 
 ftrudtion it is. Truly, methinks, that all Princes 
 elpecially, and Great Men, fhould be ftored with 
 theie works, preferable to a world of other trifling 
 colle<5lions, and lefs fruitful •, as comprehending fo 
 many confiderable, remarkable things, and notices 
 of almoft all forts of fubje^ls imaginable. Thui^ 
 far the learned Abbot. 
 
 But it leads us yet farther, when we ferioufly 
 reflect, how capable this Art is, above all other 
 whatfoever, to infinuate all fprts pf notions and 
 things into Children, and be made an inftrument 
 of education fuperior to ail thofe abftrafted terms, 
 and fecondary intentions, wherewith mafters com-, 
 monly torment and weary their tender and weak 
 Rapacities. And this we have difcoyered by much 
 ' ' " experience j 
 
the Hiilory of Chalcography. 121 
 
 .experience ; and could here produce examples 
 beyond belief in a child at prefent not fix years old, 
 who does both know and perfeftly comprehend 
 fuch things and adlions, as hardly any at fixteen, 
 fome at twenty have yet attained, who perfue the 
 common method of our grammar fchools without 
 thefe aids and advantages : for, fince [nihil ejl in 
 intelle5iu, quod 7Jon prius fuit in fenfu*] " all our 
 " ideas are originally derived from our ienfes," and 
 that as the poet had well obferved, 
 
 Segnius irritant animos demijfa per aurem^ 
 
 ^am qu£ ftint oculis fuhjeSia jidelibus- ■\. 
 
 _ — ..- , — What we hear. 
 
 With weaker paflion will afFe6t the heart. 
 Than when the faithful eye beholds the part : 
 
 Francis. 
 what can there be more likely to inform and delight 
 them, \dum animus majora non capit^'] " while they 
 " are incapable of higher things," than the pictures 
 ^nd reprefentations of thofe things which they are 
 to learn ? We did mention before the HieroglypUcal 
 grammar publilhed by Dr. Couvay ; and it is well 
 known, IiowEilhardus Lubinus, in an epiftle 
 to the duke of Stetin, has celebrated and contrived 
 an inftitution of youth by this Art ; fuch as was 
 alfo the defign of that prodigy of a man, L a M a r - 
 TELAY, who had already coUe6led and digelled 
 fuch a choice number of cuts^ and fo univerfal, as 
 by which he more than pretended (for he really ef- 
 
 * Aristot. t HORAT. 
 
 feded 
 
I22t SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 fefted it) to teach all the fciences by them alone*, 
 and that with as much certitude, and infinitely- 
 more expedition, than by the moft accurate method 
 that was ever yet produced. What a fpecimen of 
 this, Jo. Amos Commenius, in his orbis fenfua- 
 lium pSius^ gives us in a nomenclator of all the 
 fundamental things and aftionsof menin the whole 
 world, is pubhc ; and I do boldly affirm it to be a 
 peice of fuch excellent ufe, as that the like was 
 never extant, however i^t comes not yet to be per- 
 ceived. A thoufand pities it is, that in the edition 
 publilhed by Mr. Hoole, the cuts were fo wretch- 
 edly engraven : I do, therefore, heartily wifh, that 
 this might excite fome gallant and public minded 
 perfon to augment and proceed farther upon that 
 moft ufeful defign ; which yet comes greatly Ihort 
 of the perfedtion it is capable of, were fome addi- 
 tions made, and the prints reformed, and improved 
 to the utmoft by the fkilful hand of fome rare 
 artift. In the mean time, what a treafury of excel- 
 lent things might by this expedient be conveyed and 
 impreffed into the waxen tables and imaginations of 
 children ! feeing, there is nothing more prepofterous, 
 than to force thofe things into the ear^ which are 
 vifthle and the proper objeds of the eye -, for 
 Picture is a kind of Universal Language, 
 how diverfe foever the tongues and vocal expref- 
 fions of the feveral nations which Ipeak them may 
 appear ; \_[olet enim p5fura tacens loqtei, maximeque 
 prodejje] " a pi6lure, though it has no tongue, can 
 *' fpeak, and convey ufeful inftru6bions ; " as Na- 
 ziANZEN has it: fo as, "if ever, by this, is that 
 long fought for art moft likely to be accomplifhed. 
 
 Nor 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 123 
 
 Nor can any words whatever hope to reach thofe 
 defcriptions, which, in a numberleis fort of things, 
 picture does immediately, and as it were at one 
 glance interpret to the meaneil of capacities : for in- 
 ftance, in our herhals^ books of infeSis^ hirds^ heafts^ 
 fijhes, buildings, monuments, and the reft which make 
 up the cycle of the learned Abbot •■, fome of them 
 haply never iztn. before, or fo much as heard of, as 
 iELiAN does upon occahon ingenuoufly acknow- 
 ledge. And what do we find more in requeft 
 amongft the ancients, than the images of their heroes 
 and illuftrious predeceflbrs, fuch as Atticus and 
 Marcus Varro colledled? All which confidered, 
 we do not doubt to affirm, that by the application 
 of this Art alone, not only children, but even 
 ftriplings well advanced in age, might receive in- 
 credible advantages, preparatory to their entj-ance 
 into the fchool intelledual, by an univerfal and 
 choice colleftion of prints and cuts well deligned, 
 engraven and difpofed, much after the manner and 
 method of the abovenanied Villeloin; which 
 Ihould contain, as it were, a kind of encyclopedia 
 pf all intelligible and memorable things, that either 
 ^re or have ever been in rerum natura. It is not 
 to be conceived of what advantage this would prove 
 for the inftitution of Princes and noble perfons., 
 who are not to be treated with the ruder difficulties 
 pf the vulgar grammar fchools only, and abftrufer 
 notions of things in the reft of die fciences, with- 
 out thefe auxiliaries j but to be allured and courted 
 into knowledge, and the love of it, by all fuch 
 fubfidiaries and helps as may beft reprefent it to 
 them in pi^urey nomenchtor, and the moft pleafmg 
 
 defcriptions 
 
124 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 defcripiions offenfual objeBSy which naturally Hide 
 into their fluid and tender apprehenfions, Ipeedily 
 pofTefling their memories, and with infinite delight 
 preparing them for the jmore profound and folid 
 lludies. 
 
 Seneca, indeed, feems to refufe the graphical 
 fciences thofe advantages which others of the Phi- 
 losophers have given to them amongft the moft 
 iiberal, as reckoning them fomewhat too voluptuary 
 for ^is ftoical humour: yet did Socrates learn 
 this very art of carving of his father-, Diogenes 
 drew the pi<3;ure of Plato j and the orator Mes- 
 s AX-LA commends it moil highly. But what more 
 concerns our prefent inftance, is, that it was by the 
 approbation of the great Augustus himfelf, that 
 queen Pod I us the mute fhould be diligently taught 
 it. We could tell you of a perfon of good birth 
 in England, who (labouring under the fame im- 
 perfeftion) does exprels many of his conceptions 
 by this Art of drawing and defigning : and if (as 
 'tis obferved) it furnilh us with maxims to difcern 
 of general defeds and vices, efpecially in what re- 
 lates to the proportions of human bodies, it is 
 certainly not to be efteemed fo inconfiderable as by 
 many it is. Polygnotus could exprefs the paf- 
 fions, and Ar 1ST IDES the very interior motions of 
 the foul, if we will believe what is recorded. But 
 whether it advance to that prerogative ; this we 
 read of for certain, (as to our pretence for the educa- 
 tion of children) that when L. Paul us demanded of 
 the conquered Athenians a philofopher to inftru<5l his 
 little ones, they preferred one Metrodorus an ex- 
 cellent painter before any of the reft. What Qy tN' 
 
 TILIAN 
 
the Hillory of Chalcoc^raphy. 125 
 
 TiLiAN faysof EupHRANOR is fufficiently known: 
 and if fome great Princes have not difdained to 
 take the pencil in the lame hand in which they 
 fwayed the/cepterznd the fivord; and that the know- 
 iege of this Divine Art was ufeful even to the 
 prefervation of the life of an emperor (for fuch v/as 
 that Conflantinus Porphyrogenitus*j) it is not 
 without examples fufficient to fupport the dignity 
 of thefe Arts, that we have with fo much zeal 
 recommended them to Princes and illuftrious 
 perfons. 
 
 And now we h^ve but one thing more to add be- 
 fore we conclude this chapter, and it is for caution 
 to thofe who Ihall make thefe Colledions for cu- 
 riolity and ornament only ; that where we have 
 faid all that we can of This or any other particular - 
 Art, which may recommend it to the favour and 
 endearment of great perfons ; our intention is not, 
 that it Ihould fo far engage them in its perfuit, as 
 to take from the nobler parts of life, for which 
 there are more fublime and worthy objeds ; but, 
 that with this (as with the reft which are commend- 
 able, innocent, and excellent company) they would 
 fill up all fuch fpaces and opportunities, as too 
 often lie open, expofe and betray them to mean 
 compliances, and lefs figni|icant diverfions. For 
 thefe, was Aratus a great coileftor, nor lefs 
 knowing in the judgment of pictures ; fo was 
 ViNDEX and many others : 
 
 — Namque hac quoties Chelyn exuit ilk 
 Dejidia eji, hie Aoniis amor avo cat antrisf. 
 
 * Luitprand. Hift. 
 
 •J- Stativs Vind. Here. Epitrapez. 
 
 " He 
 
125 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 " He allows himfelf thefe relaxations only when he 
 " is tired with the more weighty affairs and con- 
 *' cernments." Finally, that they would univer- 
 fally contend to do fome great thing, as who 
 fliould moil merit of the fciences, by fetting their 
 hands to the promotion of experimental and ufe- 
 fiil knowlege, for the univerfal benefit and good of 
 mankind. 
 
 This, this alone, would render diem defervedly 
 honourable indeed ; and add a luftre to their 
 memories, beyond that of their painted titles, 
 which (without fome folid virtue) render but their 
 defers the more confpicuous to thofe, who know 
 how to make a right eftimate of things, and, by 
 whofe tongues and pe?is only, their trophies and 
 elogies can ever hope to furmount and out-Iafl the 
 viciflitudes of fortune. 
 
 chap: 
 
the Hiftory of Chai.cography. 127 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 Of the new way of engravings or Mezzuotinto, 
 . invented and communicated by his Highness 
 
 Prince RUPERT, Count Palatine of 
 
 Rhine, ,^<^. 
 
 WE have already advertifed the reader In one 
 of our preHminaries, why we did omit what 
 had been by us prepared for the accompHfhnient 
 of the moYe. mechanical part of the Chalcogra- 
 phical art : but it was not out of the leaft defign 
 to abufe him in the title . at the frontifpeice of this 
 hiftory ; fince we beheved he would molt readily 
 commute for the defedl of a myftery fo vulgar, to 
 be gratified with another altogether " rare, extra- 
 " ordinary, univerfally approved of, admired by 
 *.' all who have confidered the effedts of it, and, 
 *' which (as yet) has by none been ever publifhed." 
 
 Nor may I, without extraordinary ingratitude, 
 conceal that illuftrious Name which did commu- 
 nicate it to me; nor the obligation which the 
 curious have to that heroic Person, who was 
 pleafed to impart it to the world, though by fo in- 
 competent and unworthy an inftrument. ^hi 
 
 It would appear a paradox, to difcourfe to you 
 •of a graving, without a graver, burin, point, or 
 aqua for tis ; and yet is this performed without the 
 affiftance of either. That what gives our moft 
 perite and dextrous artifts the greateft trouble, 
 and is longeft finifhing, (for fuch are the hatches 
 
 and 
 
128 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 and deepeft fhadows in plates) Ihould be here the 
 leaft confiderablc, and the moil expeditious j that, 
 on the contrary, the lights Ihould be in this the 
 moft laborious, and yet performed with the greateft 
 facility ; that what appears to be effedled with lb 
 little curiofity, fhould yet fo accurately refemble 
 what is generally efteemed the very greateft, viz. 
 that a Print Ihould emulate even the beft of 
 Drawings Chiaro oscuro, or (as the Ita- 
 lians term it) peices of theMzzzoTiNTO, fo as 
 nothing either of Ugo da Carpi, or anyof thofe 
 other majiers who purfued his attempt, and whofe 
 works we have already celebrated, have exceeded 
 or indeed approached, efpecially for that of Por- 
 traits, Figures, tender Landschapes, and 
 History, -Cs?^. to which it feems moft appropriate 
 and applicable. 
 
 This obligation then we have to his Highness 
 Prince RUPERT, Count Palatine of 
 Rhine, ^c. who has been pleafed to caufe the 
 infiruments to be exprefly fitted, to ftiew me, with 
 his own hands, how to manage and conduct them 
 on the plate, that it might produce the effedls I have 
 fo much magnified, and am here ready to ftiew the 
 world, m2ipeiceo^ his own iWxx^nou^ touching*, 
 which he was pleafed to honour this work withal, 
 not as a venal addition to the price of the book 
 (though for which alone it is moft valuable) but 
 a particular grace, as a Ipecimen of what we have 
 alleged, and to adorn this prefent chapter. 
 
 * The Mezzotinto in this edition, is an exact copy 
 of Prince RUPERT'S, don© by Mr. Hquston. 
 
 It 
 
the Hiflory of Chalcography. 129 
 
 It is likewife to be acknowleged, that his High- 
 ness did indulge me the hberty of pubhfhing the 
 whole manner and addrefs of this new way of 
 ENGRAVING, with a freedom perfe6tly generous 
 and obliging. But, when I had well confidered it 
 (fo much having been already exprefled, which 
 may fuffice to give the hint to all ingenious perfons 
 how it is to be performed,) I did not think it ne- 
 ceflary, that an Art fo curious, and (as yet) fo 
 little vulgar (and which indeed does not fucceed 
 where the workman is not an accomplilhed De- 
 signer, and has a competent talent in Painting 
 likewife) was to be proftituted at fo cheap a rate, 
 as the more naked defcribing of it here would too 
 foon have expofed it to. 
 
 Upon thefe confiderations then it is, that we 
 leave it thus enigmatical : and yet that this may 
 appear no difingenuous rodomontade in me, or 
 invidious excufe, I profefs myfelf to be always mod" 
 ready (fub figillo, and by his Highness's per- 
 miffion) to gratify any curious and worthy perfon, 
 with as full and perfed: a demonllration of the en- 
 tire art, as my talent and addrefs will reach to •, if 
 what I am now preparing to be referved in the 
 archives of the ROYAL SOCIETY concerning 
 it, be not fufficiently inftrudive. 
 
 K THE 
 
[■31] 
 THE 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 MEMOIRS of the A u T H r's L I F E, newly written 
 for this Edition. 
 
 AUTHOR'S Dedication ^ Page i 
 
 An Account of Signor Giacomo Favl 7 
 
 C H A P. I. 
 
 Of fculpture, how derived and diftingulfhed ; with the ftyles 
 
 and inftruments belonging to it 15 
 
 Sculptura and cselatura how they differ ib 
 
 Tomice, defedlores, what 16 
 
 Plaftice 16. The mother of fculpture 31 
 
 Paradigmatice, what 16, 20 
 
 Gypfochi, Colaptice, Lithoxoi, Glyphlce, what 16 
 
 Agogice, what 16, 20 
 
 Anaglyphice 16. Its antiquity 32 
 
 Diaglyphice, encolaptice, what 16, 17 
 
 Toreutice 1 
 Encauftic art 16. How it occafioned the invention of brafs 
 
 prints 44 
 Proplaftic art, protypus, modulus, diatretice, and calices dia- 
 
 treti, what 16 
 
 Argentum afperum & puftulatum ib 
 
 Ebur pingue 16 
 Dimidiae eminentise, the fame with baffo relievo and mezzo 
 
 relievo 17 
 
 Scalptus, fcaptus, fcalpturatus ib 
 
 Scalpo, Sculpo, derived ib 
 
 Cselum, roQvo?, what and whence derived 1 8 
 
 Tori, jcoIAoj i^ 
 
 UlyfTes's fliield ; ancjefa vafa what 18, 19 
 
 K 2 Cavatores 
 
rg2 The C O N T E N T S. 
 
 Cavatores, what ; graphatores, whence our Englifli gravers : 
 fculpture defined Page 19 
 
 Inftruments cf graving. Style, what. Why fometimes made of 
 bone. Scalprum. Coslum. Coeles, coeltes. Allufions in 
 Job X. to all the kinds of ancient writing and graving 20,21 
 
 Graphium, yXu(ph^ ^c. iyxoAuTflMi VTrcayooysus y?\.a.p\i 
 
 fTIUil?\V^ 20, 21 
 
 Puntion, polilhei", point 20, 21, 30 
 
 Graving inftruments fometimes fatal weapons 21 
 
 Caffianus martyred, and Eiixion flain with a graving ftyle ib 
 Arare campum cereum, cerei pugillares, and ftylum vertere, 
 what ib 
 
 Taille douce, burin, intaglia, bolino, and the difference be- 
 twixt graving and etching 21, 22 
 /SyMa, a conjefture of the modern name of a fealj ^occiaojco 
 the fame with Charath 22 
 
 C H A P. II. 
 
 Of the original of fculpture in general 23 
 
 Adam the firft inventor of fculpture ib 
 
 Books written by Adam 23 24 
 
 The fall of Adam did not impair his infufed habits ib 
 
 Sculpture long before the univerfal flood ib 
 
 Of the Antediluvian Patriarchs ib 
 
 Sculpture in ftone and brick at Joppa ib 
 
 The celeftial fciences iirft engraven, where, and how long con- 
 tinuing . ib 
 The books of Seth and Enoch ib 
 Of Cham 25 
 Zoroafter, when he flourifhed, his learning, curioflty, and en- 
 graving of the liberal arts ib 
 Picus Miraadula's pretence of the books of Zoroafter, the 
 Magi, Sec. ib 
 Sculpture after the Flood 26 
 Sculpture propagated by Noah. Sculpture before Mofes ib 
 Objedtions anfwered 26, 30 
 Mercurius Trifmegiftus engraved in ftone many myfterious 
 things 26 
 Obelifks erefted by Mifra 400 years before Mofes ib 
 How many tranfportcd to Rome 28 
 
 The 
 
The CONTENTS. 13,3 
 
 The tables of ftone engraven by the finger of GOD. Sculp- 
 ture honoured by GOD Page 26 
 
 Sculpture abufed to idolatry no rational prejudice z6, 27 
 
 Sculpture elder than idolatry ib 
 
 Teraphim and Penates, what ib 
 
 Sculpture preierved the memory of the dead ib 
 
 Bezaleel and Aholiab fculptors • ib 
 
 The facerdotal pectoral ib 
 Graving ufed by the ^Egyptians before they invented Letters ib 
 
 Hieroglyphics, what ib 
 
 By whom interpreted 28 
 
 Amongft the Danes and Acadise 24, 42 
 
 HorapoUinis nots 28 
 
 Letters by whom invented, and the contefl about it ib 
 
 How they were derived to the feveral Nations ib 
 
 Typographical art miftaken by Peter Calaber ib 
 
 Sculpture and letters co<evous 29 
 
 Columns erefted by Seth ib 
 Writing with ink in paper or parchment, a novelty in refpedl of 
 
 the more ancient materials, marbles, flates, bark, leaves, 
 
 tablets of wood, paper, linen, wax, ivory and fUk ib 
 
 Book, our Englifh name for liber, whence derived ib 
 
 Laws, divine and human, how configned of old ib 
 
 Hieronicas, and where preferved 30 
 
 Writings before Homer's not known to the Greeks ib 
 
 Tatian when he flourifhed ib 
 A paffage cited out of him proving the antiquity of recording 
 
 by fculpture ib 
 
 Hefiod's poems engraven in lead 31 
 Grecians, when they had fculpture iirft, and where it was in its 
 
 higheft perfedlion ib 
 
 Achilles and Hercules' fhields engraven ib 
 
 The chariot of the fun and vehicula caslata ib 
 
 Enoch's prophecy 32 
 
 Rings engraven, their ufe and dignity ib 
 
 Intaglias in iron, gold, ftones, &c. ib 
 
 Talifmans and conftellated fculptures ib 
 
 CHAP m. 
 
 Of the reputation and progrefs of fculpture amongft the Greeks 
 
 and Romans, down to the middle ages ; with fome preten- 
 
 fipns to the invention of copper cuts, and their impreffiol^s 33 
 
 L Sculpture 
 
134 The CONTENTS. 
 
 Sculpture where and when in its afcendent Page 33, 37 
 
 Statues to what head reducible. 33 
 
 Sculptores marmoris, metal, in gypfum, &c. ib 
 
 Signa at Rhodes, Athens, and other places, in what prodigious 
 
 numbers 34 
 
 Statues almofl: as many as men ib 
 
 The conteft betwixt art and nature in point of fertility ib 
 
 Statues improveable to a politic as well as expenceful magni- 
 
 ficency ib 
 
 ciMio-Cpfccyiaucira. ib 
 
 Pyrgoteles only permitted to engrave the effigies of Alexander 
 
 the great ib 
 
 The pictures of queen Elizabeth and other princes, how 
 
 profaned and abufed 34, 35 
 
 Auguftus would have his figure cut only by Diofcorides, and 
 
 why _ 35 
 
 Sculpture in what materials mofl eminent ib 
 
 Dipoenus, Prometheus, Ideocus, Eucirapus, Lyfiftratus, De- 
 
 mophilus, Daedalus, Leochares, Policarmus, Myrmecides, 
 
 all famous fculptors ib 
 
 Figulinavafa cjelata, why broken by Cotys 36 
 
 Hydrise engraven, and bread ib 
 
 Gold feldom engraven, and why ib 
 
 Mentor his curious works ib 
 
 Acragus his works ib 
 
 Boethus's mafter pieces ib 
 
 The works of Calamis, Antipater, Stratonicus, Taurlfeus, 
 
 Arifteus, Eunicus, Hecates, Praxiteles, Pofidonius, Ledus, 
 
 Zopirus, Pytheus 37 
 
 Medalifts, who moft excellent, and in what emperor's times 
 
 the bell were cut. When they degenerated 37, 62 
 
 Sculpture, when it degenerated in Greece and Rome 37 
 
 And whence its decay proceeded ib 
 
 Sculpture, when it arrived at Rome ib 
 
 Sculpture and writing, when firlt among the Danes and Nor- 
 
 vegians 3^ 
 
 Runic charaflers ib 
 
 Grasf-ffex, v/hat ib 
 
 Vice and avarice, the occafion why fculpturc degenerated, and 
 
 is not fince arrived to the perfeclion of the ancients 39 
 
 By what mfi^ct it may recover 4° 
 
 Alexander 
 
The C O N T E N T S. 135 
 
 Alexander Magnus, Auguftus, Francis I. Cofmo di Medicis, 
 and Charles V celebrated for their afreftion to arts Page 40 
 Time and leifure required to bring a work to perfedion 41 
 Sculpture and chalcography ancient in China, on what ma- 
 terials, and how wrought ib 
 Letters in Europe firft cut in wood ib 
 The ink-maker for the prefs dignified amongft the Chinefe 
 with a liberal falary and privileges, and not accounted a 
 mechanic 42 
 Sculpture found in Mexico, and other parts of America ib 
 Typography not found out by the Greeks and Romans, to be 
 much wondered at, and why " ib 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Of the invention and progrefs of chalcography in particular; 
 together with an ample enumeration of the moft renowned 
 mailers and their works 43 
 
 Engraving on plates of brafs for prints when firft appearing ib 
 Typography when firft produced in Europe ib 
 
 Prints in the infancy of this art ib 
 
 The devil a monochrom ib 
 
 M. 3. M.C. what they import ib 
 
 What fculptors added the year of our Lord to their works ib 
 Who were the firft gravers of prints 44 
 
 The Italian gravers and their works ib 
 
 Mafo Finiguerra the firft print-graver in Italy ib 
 
 Enameling gave the firft hint for the engraving of prints ib 
 The graving of prints, from how mean a commencement it ar- 
 rived to this perfedion ib 
 Baccio Baldini, his works and counterfign rb 
 Albert Durer, when he flouriftied, his incomparable works, 
 conteft v/ith Lucas and Mark Antonio, and how precious his 
 works ^ 45, 46. 47, 64, 81 
 Lucas Van Leyden, his works, emulation of Durer 46, 47, 64 
 Mark Antonio, when he flouriftied, his works, conteftation 
 with Albert, &c. 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 
 For what vile prints reproved 5 1 
 Raphael Urbin, how he honoured the gravings of M. Antonio 
 
 47, 48 
 Martine of Antwerp his works, how efteemed by Michael An- 
 
 relo 
 
 44 
 
 R. S. what it fignifies 48 
 
 L 2 Marco 
 
13^ The. C O N T E N T S. 
 
 Marco di Ravenna, his works • Page 49 
 
 A. V. I. what it imports ib 
 
 Giovanni Battiila Mantuano, his works r i 
 
 I B. M. whofe name it fignifies ib 
 
 Sebaftiano da Reggio's works ib 
 
 Giorgio Mantuano's works ib 
 
 Etching in aqua fortis when firfl produced 51, 52 
 
 DamafcLis fymeters cz 
 
 Ugo da Carpi, his new manner of cutting for divers colours, 
 
 and his works ib 
 
 The works of Baldaffare Peruzzi, Francifco Parmegiano, Bec- 
 
 cafumi, Baptifta Vincentino, Del Moro, Girolomo Cocu 
 
 52> 53 
 Giacomo del Cavaglio, his works both in copper and ftones 53 
 Enea Vico de Parma, his medals and other gravings ib 
 
 The works of Lamberto Suave, Gio Battifta de Cavaglieri 54 
 The works of Antonio Lanferri, Tomafo Barlacchi, Antonio 
 
 Labbaco, Titian, Giulio Buonafoni, Baptifta Franco, Re- 
 
 nato, Luca Penni, Francefco ■ arcolini 54, 55 
 
 The works of Gabriel Giolito, Chriftophoro Coriolano, Antonio 
 
 Salamanca, Andrea Mantegna, Propertia de Roffi 55, 56 
 Martin Ruota, Jacomo Palma, Auguftino and Annibal . arra- 
 
 che _ 55, 56, 57 
 
 The works of Francifco Villamena 5 8 
 
 Giovanni IMagi, Leonardo Ifabella and Bernardino Parafol 
 
 . 58> 59 
 Cutting and engraving in wood how diilicult and different from 
 
 chalcography 59 
 
 . The works of Antonio Tempefta, Cherubino Alberti, Horatio 
 
 Borgiani, Raphael Guido, Giovanni Baptifta della Marca, 
 
 Camillo Graffico, Cavalier Salimbene, AnnaVaiana 59, 60 
 
 Stephano della Bella 6i 
 
 Medal gravers and gravers in metal and precious flones, &c. 
 
 62, 63 
 
 The Diamond by vAom firft engraven -. 63 
 
 Medals, the knowlege of them hou' noble and profitable, and 
 
 by what means to attain it effedlually, gentlemen of note 
 
 fkilful medalifls ib 
 
 The German and Flemifh chalcographers, and their works ; 
 
 viz. Aldegrave and his C}'pher, Hans Sibald Berne and his 
 
 mark, Jerome ' cck, Frans Floris, Cornelius Cort, The 
 
 gadeiers, Plerman Muller, Sim. Frifius, Matthew Miriam, 
 
 Hans 
 
The C O N T E N T S. 137 
 
 Hans Holbein, Juftus Ammannus, Holtzhufen, Hans Brof- 
 ■ fehaemer, Virgilius &olis whole eyes were put out for his 
 lewd gravings, Henry Goltzius, George ISouvolilell, Mat- 
 thew and Frederic Greater, Saenredamus, Cornelius Galle, 
 Count Goudt, Swanevelt, Pandern, Bronchorft, Matham, 
 Paul Brill, Nie lant, Boetius, Londerfelius, V^an Velde, 
 Nicholas de Bruyn, ^gidms Coninxlogenfis, Stradanus, 
 Mallery, Bolfwert, Paulus Pontius^ Sumnebourg, NelTe, 
 Vofterman, Vorft, Chriftopher Jegher, Van Vorft, Sir An- 
 thony Van Dyke, Sir Peter Paul Rubens, Peter de Jode, 
 Colaert in fteel, Suyderhoef, Jo Baur, Vander Thulden, 
 Abraham and Cornelius Blomaert, Natalis, Ferdinand, 
 Verden, Urieffe, Winegard, WiUiam Hondius, Van Keffel, 
 Clovet, aukern, Lucas Kilianus, Cornelius Vifcber, Vo- 
 villemoHt, Nolp, Lombart, Hertoc, Rembrandt, Wencef- 
 laus Hollar, Hevelius, Anna Maria a Schurman, Breughel, 
 Oftade, orn Clock, Queborn, Cuftos, Le Delfe, Dors, 
 Falck, Gerard, Bens, Moeftuer, Grebber, Geldorp, Hop- 
 fer, Gerard, Bens, Chein, Ach. d' Egmont, De Vinghe, 
 Heins, Ditmer, Cronis, Lindoven, Mirevel, Kager, Coc- 
 cien, Maubeaie, Venius, Firens, Pierets, Quelinus, Sta- 
 chade, Schut, Soutman, Vanulch, Broon, Vaidet, Bifcop, 
 Druefken, Pieter V^an Aelft, Swart Jan Van Groenighen, 
 Lucas Cranach, Joos Ammannus, Hubert Gdltzius, Sec. 
 
 Page 63 ad 82 
 The French chalcograpers and their works ; Petit Bernard, 
 Nicholas Beatvicius, Philippus Thomafinus, Crifpinu? Mag- 
 dalen and Simon de Pas, Claudius .elan, Mauperch, La 
 Pautre, Morin, N. Chaperon, Francis Perrier, Audran, 
 Couvay, Perel!e, Chauveau, Poilly, Heince, Begnon, Hu- 
 ret, Bernard, Rogneffon, Rouffelet, Bellange, Richet, 
 L'Alman, Quefnel, Soukt, Bunel, Boucher, Briot. Bou- 
 lange, Bois, Champagne, Charpignon, Corneille. Caron, 
 Claude de Lorain, Audran, Moutier, Rabel, Denifot, 
 L'Aune, De la Rame, Hayes, Herbin, David de Bie, Vil- 
 lemont, Marot, Tourin, Grand homme, Cereau, Trochel, 
 Langot du Loir, L'Enfant, Gaulti.r, D'Origni, Prevoft, 
 De Son, Perei, Nacret, Perret, Daret, Scalb^rge, Vibert, 
 Ragot, Boilxart, Terelin, De Leu, Maupcrche, L'Afne, 
 Hu et, La Hyre, Goyrand., Golignon, Corhi , Ifrael Syl- 
 vefter, Robert Nanteuil, Jaques Callot, and Boffe 82 ad 90 
 Chart- gravers, Cordier, Riviers, Peroni and Gombouit, 90,91 
 
 The 
 
13^ The CONTENTS. 
 
 The French calligraphers Page 86 
 
 TheEnglifn chalcographers and their works j Payne, -^ecil, 
 
 Wright, Faithorne, Barlow, Gaywood, Lightfoot, Glover, 
 
 J. Fellian, and Switzer ni, gz 
 
 Medal-gravers, and for intaglias, Symonds, Rawlins, Reftrick, 
 
 Johnfon ^2 
 
 Cailigrsphers, Coker, Gery, Gething, Billingly, See. ib 
 
 An invitation to the Englifli Chalcographers to publifh his Ma- 
 
 jefly's coUedlion, the benefit and honour of it 92, 93 
 
 The landfchapes, views, palaces, of England, Levantine parts, 
 
 Indies, &c. together with the cities, ifles, trees, plants, 
 
 flowers and animals, to be cut in copper and reformed, were 
 
 a moll acceptable and ufeful work 93 
 
 Painters encouraged to fet their hands to the graver 94 
 
 The ufe of this colledion ib 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 Of drawing and defign, previous to the art of chalcography ; 
 and of the ufe of pidures in order to the education of chil- 
 dren 95 
 Meafure and proportion have influence on all our aftions ib 
 A faying of Thomas earl of Arundel and Surry ib 
 Drawing of what confequence to the art of graving ib 
 Defign the bafis of fculpture, and of many other free and noble 
 fciences ib 
 Original Drawings efteemed, and for what 96 
 Antiquity of what efFeft ib 
 Defign and Drawing defined and diflinguifhed, its antiquity 
 and invention 97, 98 
 Accident and chance fruitful mothers 98 
 Drawing with crayon, pen, &c. the method, and how to be 
 performed with fuccefs ib 
 Hatching, what and how attained by imitating good maflers, 
 and by what method 99, 100 
 Overmuch exaftnefs and finifhing, a fauk in drawing, and 
 why. Polycletus's canon ib 
 Accurate defigns with the pen not efteemed, and why. Who 
 excelled in them to admiration 100, loi 
 Vander Doufe, Francis and John Cleyne, Francis Carter, &c. 
 celebrated 101, loz 
 Colours, the produdlion of a middle colour wrought on two 
 extrcams . 102 
 
 Rubens's 
 
The C O N T E N T S. 139 
 
 Rubens's and Van Dyke's firft ftudies in Italy Page loz 
 
 Drawing, how necellary 103 
 
 Acaderaies erefled for the virtuofi, by whom ib 
 
 For what purpofe and how furniftied 105, 106 
 
 Greeks and Romans, how they cheriflied and enobled men of 
 
 art 103 
 
 Sculptors and painters chief of the court and retinue to the 
 
 emperor of Japan 103, 104 
 
 Courts of great princes how formerly compofed 104 
 
 How the ancient and moft renowned fculptors were fome 
 
 encouraged and others obfcured 1 05 
 
 Painters fhould fometimes draw with the pen 106 
 
 What painters made ufe of prints ib 
 
 And caufed their works to be publifhed ib 
 
 How to exprefs the fenfation of the relievo or exftancy of 
 
 objedls by the hatches in graving 107 
 
 What fhadows are moft graceful i n 
 
 And what artifts work beft to imitate ib 
 
 Of counter-hatches 112 
 
 One colour, the ufe and effe£l of it ib 
 
 Zeuxis ufed but one colour ib 
 
 What other painters were monochromifts, and who introduced 
 
 the reft of the colours ib 
 
 Lights and fhades, their ftupendous efFe£l ib 
 
 Coloree what it means ib 
 
 The invention of Chevalier Woolfon to blazon bearing in 
 
 coat- armour by hatches without letters 1 1 3 
 
 Tonus, what it imports in graving ib 
 
 Of copying after defigns and painting ib 
 
 What prints are to be called excellent ib 
 
 How to detedl the copy of a print from an original print 1 14 
 Aqua fortis, for what gravings moft proper ib 
 
 His highnefs prince Rupert celebrated, and the gravings by him 
 
 publifhed 115 
 
 The French king an engraver ib 
 
 Earl of Sandwich dextrous at graving ib 
 
 What emperors, philofophers, poets, and other of the noble 
 
 Greeks and Romans excelled in painting and graving 
 
 115, 116, 117, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125 
 
 Never any of the antients excelled in thefe arts, but what 
 
 were gentlemen 1 1 6 
 
 A flave might not be taught to grave or paint, and why 1 1 7 
 
 Graving 
 
I40 The CONTENTS. 
 
 Graving accounted one of the liberal arts by Pliny and 
 Galen Page 116 
 
 Children inftrufled in the graphical arts ib 
 
 Martia the daughter of Varro, the princefs Louife, and 
 Anna a Schuraian, celebrated ib 
 
 Great fcholars of late fkillful in the art of graving, &c. 1 17 
 How far the art of drawing conduces to the iciences mathe- 
 matical ib 
 Dr. Chr. Wren, Blagrave, Hevelius, &c. celebrated ib 
 An orator ought to be {killed in thefe arts, and why ib 
 The Abbot deMaroles, his fingular afFedlion to, and prodigious 
 coUedions of prints 1 1 8, 1 1 g 
 •Of what great ufe and benefit the art of graving may be to the 
 education of children luperior to all other inventions, and 
 hov/ 120, 121, 122, 123 
 Prints more eftimable than painting, and why 1 20 
 What gentlemen of quality are the greatefl: colleftors of prints 
 in France ib 
 At how high rates the prints of the moft famous matters are 
 now fold ib 
 Collections of prints recommended to princes and great perfons, 
 and why ib 
 An hieroglyphical grammar 121 
 By whom draughts and prints are celebrated for the inflitution 
 of youth ib 
 La Martela taught all the fciencesby cuts alone ib 
 Commenius his orbis fenfualium pidtus celebrated 1 22 
 Theuniverfal language how to be moft probably accomplilhed ib 
 Paffions expreffible by the art of Delign 1 24 
 An ufeful caution for the lovers of thefe arts 125, 126 
 
 CHAP VI. 
 Of the new way of engraving, or mezzotinto, invented and 
 
 communicated by his highnefs prince Rupert, &c. 1 27 
 
 An advantageous commutation for omitting the defcription of 
 
 the mechanical part of the vulgar graving ib 
 
 A paradoxical graving without burin, point, or aqua fortis ib 
 The new mezzotinto invented by his highnefs prince Rupert 
 
 enigmatically defcribed, and why 129 
 
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