Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2019 with funding from Getty Research Institute https://archive.org/details/antiquitiesinwesOOmoul ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY ■ , ANCIENT OIL PAINTINGS, AND SEPULCHRAL BRASSES, IN THE ABBEY CHURCH OF ST. PETER, WESTMINSTER; ENGRAVED FROM DRAWINGS BY G. P. HARDING, WITH AN HISTORICAL, BIOGRAPHICAL, AND HERALDIC DESCRIPTION, BY THOMAS MOULE, AUTHOR OF BIBLIOTHECA HERALDIC A, HERE HARDY CHIEFTAINS SLEPT IN PROUD REPOSE, SUBLIMELY SHRINED IN GORGEOUS IMAGERY. Warton. ILontJon: PRINTED FOR G. P. HARDING, HERCULES BUILDINGS, LAMBETH, BY W. DAVY, GILBERT STREET, GROSVENOR SQUARE. 1825 . I TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE JAMES EVERARD ARUNDELL, LORD ARUNDELL, OF W ARDOUR, AND COUNT OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE, FELLOW OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, Ac. &c. THIS WORK is, MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY GEORGE PERFECT HARDING. PREFA CE. Amongst the various objects of antiquity, to which, the researches of those who make it their study have been directed, the faithful representation of memorials of highly distinguished personages, who flourished in the earlier periods of English History, have never been considered unworthy of public interest; such delineations, marking a period of art, cannot fail to excite the utmost attention of the artist, ever intent upon emulation, who, by contemplat¬ ing the result of primaeval skill, and comparing the effect produced in its infancy with that of its more advanced stages, may be materially assisted in his endeavours to attain ultimate perfection. The precise state of ancient art is here supposed to be made generally known, by a publication of the best examples that are now to be found in one of our noblest Abbey Churches, the sepulchre of Kings, and Worthies of the most exalted rank and character. If, by attracting the public attention to this Collection, so desirable an object as the improvement of taste can be in the most remote degree promoted, the utmost hopes and satisfaction of the publisher will be complete. Having already been so fortunate as to recover, from different parts of the Kingdom, copies of original portraits of the Deans of Westminster, that are preserved in the Colleges of the Universities, and in other repositories, in illustration of the History of the Abbey Church, his attention was naturally directed to the vestiges of more ancient art, that remained within its walls. PREFACE. ii This work contains accurate copies of Paintings executed in Oil, almost as early as its invention, and of every sepulchral intagliated Brass Plate within the Abbey, in which the portrait remains, traced upon the spot: these are enshrined in floriated tabernacle-work, of the most pure and fascinating style. The costume of each period is decidedly marked in this series, which comprises Specimens of Regal, Ecclesiastical, and Military Figures, being in general in good preservation. In the descriptive part, little was required beyond a detail of the ornamental particulars. Some illustration has been necessarily derived from History, and the memory of the reader has been assisted by affixing the dates of several • _ transactions, in which the persons commemorated had been concerned. Three Pedigrees are introduced, more fully to explain the relative connexion of the families: for that of Bohun, the Author is indebted to Mr. P. Absalom, of Lyon’s Inn; and for observations upon the component parts of armour, to Dr. Meyrick, whose “ Critical Inquiry ” must be of infinite use to every one treating upon the subject. To Michael Jones, Esq., F.S.A. many obligations are due, for his polite attention, and for much assistance derived from his extensive knowledge, as well as the liberty of referring to a Pedigree of Stafford. The best works upon antiquities have been consulted, and every endeavour used to make the dissertation acceptable to the public, without repeating, in tedious extracts, what had been previously written; and to a careful perusal of his authorities, may be attributed every remark that is valuable, although made in the words of Duke Street, Grosvenor Square, July 1825 . THE AUTHOR. BfiSSmS ANCIENT ENCLOSURE NEAR THE HIGH ALTAR OF THE ABBEY CHURCH. Slnttqutttes tn ^Mestnuuster SUitiep. The Abbev Church of St. Peter at Westminster, unquestionably one of the most glorious efforts of Architectural Science in England, contains within its walls a vast store of characteristic ornament, exhibiting vestiges of ancient art, the work of every period, distinguished by its peculiar style, from the remote time of its erection by Henry III. The enclosure, which forms the Vignette at the head of this Essay, had been rarely seen by the B 2 ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. public until the time of the preparations for the Coronation of his present Majesty, when it became necessary to remove the marble altar-piece, pre¬ sented to the Abbey Church by Queen Anne ; a very inappropriate decora¬ tion to the splendid example of pointed architecture, of the Church in which it was injudiciously placed. The panelled enclosure on either side the altar was then entirely removed, and the Chancel, or Sanctuary, assumed in some degree its ancient and original arrangement, although its dilapidated state gave little indication of its former magnificence. On the north side of the Altar Screen were then displayed, the sepulchral monuments of Ed¬ mund Crouch back, Earl of Lancaster, second son of Henry III., who died about 1296; of Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, who died in 1323; and of Aveline, Countess of Lancaster, who died about 1273: the last, said to be the earliest monument in the pointed style erected in the Abbey Church. Such an assemblage of magnificent works of art, of this remote period, is not to be found in Europe; and there can be but one sentiment respecting the absolute necessity of their preservation, at a period when the nation has attained celebrity, for its active promotion of every means likely to illustrate our Ancient History.* On the south side of the Chancel are the remains of a Monument erected to the memory of the Lady Anne of Cleves, fourth wife of King Henry VIII., from whom he was afterwards divorced; she died in 1557: and nearer to the Altar are the above mentioned richly ornamented Canopied Stalls, answering in every respect to the exact situation of the Sedilia Parata of the Officiating Priests, during the celebration of High Mass; such as are still remaining in many of our ancient Churches, although frecpiently obscured by sepulchral monuments, or other objects, erected before them. These seats were originally derived from the Con- sessus Clericorum of the Latin Church; the altar standing between the priests and the people in the Roman Basilica?, and in all ancient churches in Italy. The Chancel of the English Church is still entirely appropriated to the Clergy; and formerly the Laity were most strictly excluded by the Canon, as is more familiarly expressed in an old verse. <£rtitcrno ?tattos profpfcH J^mptura gt'fu prcoumant Cfirtsti .occrcta InDcrc. * This has actually been carried into effect, since the present work was projected ; and the Monuments have been restored, under the superintendance of Mr. Gayfere, in the most creditable manner to the Artist employed. ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. Being more particularly devoted to the performance of divine service, as well as the mysteries of religion, in ancient times, every other part of the Church was rendered subservient to the* Chancel in ornamental deco¬ ration. Here expence was less regarded, and the richest embellishments were lavished upon every part that met the eyes. This very curious fragment has been, we presume erroneously, called the Tomb of Sebert, King of the East Saxons, whose body is said, by Walsingham, to have been removed to this Church in the year 1308; but the assertion that these Canopies, with their painted decorations, formed any part of his Tomb, appears to rest upon tradition alone. Sir Joseph Ayloffe, in his account of some ancient monuments, &c., read at the Society of Antiquaries in 1778, states that Sulcardus, John Flete, Richard Sporley, and John Felix, are all of them silent as to any of the monuments which were standing in the Abbey Church of Westminster, at the times in which they respectively wrote; and they are the only persons who, previous to the Dissolution of Religious Houses, employed their pens in transmitting to posterity the History of this Church, singly and by itself. W. Nicolson, D. D., Bishop of Carlisle, indeed, tells us in his Historical Library, that John Skelton, the Poet Laureat, in the reign of Henry VIII., collected “the Epitaphs of such of our Kings, Princes, and Nobles, as then lay buried within the Abbey Church of St. Peter at Westminster;” but he doth not pretend either to have seen that work himself, or to inform us where it is to be met with. Had Skelton really made such collection, he would in all probability have given some descrip¬ tion of the situation and circumstance of the uninscribed Monuments, and more especially of those that are placed in the vicinity of the High Altar; but as such collection of epitaphs, Ac., hath not hitherto been discovered, notwithstanding the most diligent search made for it by several able Antiquaries, we may reasonably conclude with Air. Widmore, in his Account of the Writers of the History of Westminster Abbey, p. 5, that the Bishop of Carlisle was mistaken in his assertion. Sir Joseph Aylojfei’s Account , page 1. The first account of the Monuments in this Church was published by Camden, under the title of “ Reges, Reginee, Nobiles, et alii, in Ecclesia Collegiata B. Petri Westmonasterii Sepulti, usque ad annum reparatce salutis 1600;” Londini, 1600, 4to.; which account, merely stating that Sebert was buried in the East part of the Abbey, has been implicitly 4 ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. followed, with respect to the appropriation of Monuments, in the several historical descriptions of the Abbey that have appeared since that period.^ That Sir Joseph Ay Ioffe, in his elaborate description, had not paid the utmost attention to the subject, may be inferred from his mentioning a wooden chest, as evidently intended to represent the Sarcophagus of Sebert, as well as to serve for an altar table on the day of his anniversary, and at such other times when Mass was to be said there for the repose of his soul. This chest, or temporary boarding, in front of the Stalls, was removed at the desire of Mr. G. P. Harding, for the purpose of completing his drawings, and was found to obscure much of the painting; a perfect representation of which, as it then appeared, is now published for the first time. Such a concealment of decoration could not possibly have arisen from an erection in honour of the monarch for whom the Tomb, as it is called, was built. When viewed from the Ambulatory on the south side of the Choir, these Stalls are not altogether dissimilar to a Canopy placed over a Tomb; such being frequently constructed of wood. But, upon inspec¬ tion, the improbability of this theory will be evident to any person who may have remarked the distinctive decorations of different periods of art; and the Basement of free stone will be found to have no affinity to, or connexion with, the wooden superstructure: the one bearing the charac¬ teristic marks of the sera of Edward IV., the middle of the fifteenth century; while the other, of more frail materials, has every indication of having been constructed two centuries before, and previous to the opening of the New Church for divine service, on the 13th of October, 1269; at which time the Choir appears to have been completed. The Monument, which now forms the base of the Stalls, consists prin¬ cipally of an arched recess, partly fdled in with a base entirely plain, upon which now rests a portion only of a black marble slab, originally of a taper form, like the top of a stone coffin, but abridged in its length. This slab is not marked by any cross, characters, or ornament, except the moulding on its verge, but appears to be of early date. It was never intended for its present position, which is evident from its form, and the circumstance of its original length, being greater than the width of the Arch under which / » * The numerous errors in Camden’s Account of the Inscriptions, have been faithfully corrected by Mr. Bray ley, in his Description of the Abbey Church, which has been so recently and so admirably illustrated by Mr. Neale. ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. o it is now placed. How it came there is not so easy to explain, unless, from its being marble, it afforded a lasting and even surface to the lower part of the stone recess, which may have been mutilated. The soffit and ends of the arch are of plain masonry, but have originally been painted, of which the only remains are a crowned head, covered with a kind of veil, part of a small whole length figure, at the west end of the recess, and a Catharine wheel at the east end, with indi¬ cations of ornaments in lozenge compartments, on the soffit of the arch, which is elliptical. At the back of the recess are several small trefoil headed panels, and three larger or principal divisions, adorned with quatre- foils; the centre bearing an heraldic symbol of a distinct period; the Rose en So/eil, a badge or cognizance peculiar to the a?ra of King Edward IV., which is reported to have been assumed by that monarch, as a means of perpetuating his signal victory over the Lancastrian Party, in the decisive Battle of Mortimer’s Cross, on the 2nd of February, 1461. In the absence of other means of ascertaining the fact, it would now be difficult to decide to whose memory this Funeral Monument was really erected, no inscription upon any part being to be found ; but a part of it bearing the above-mentioned armorial decoration, it can only be referred to a period subsequent to the assumption and use of the heraldic badge. King Sebert died in the year 616, and was first buried near the altar of the Church which he had built, from whence his remains were removed, according to Flete, to the south side of the entrance of the new Chapter House; but in the year 1308, the monks, animated by zeal in behalf of their royal founder, removed his bones to a spot within the new church, the precise situation of which is not pointed out. Had the tomb of stone, above described, been really that of King Sebert and his Queen, Ethelgod, as surmised by Sir Joseph Ay Ioffe, it is most probable that the monument, of one whom it was designed to honor, would have fronted the Choir, and not the Ambulatory. It can hardly be considered as a restoration of an ancient tomb, the wood-work of which, if a part of it, still remains comparatively perfect, at least more mutilated by design than by decay. The Basement and Superstructure of that part of the Chancel or Sanctuary of the Abbey Church, between the two easternmost pillars, appear upon attentive examination to be entirely unconnected with each other, of different eeras in their construction, and erected for separate purposes. I 6 ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. Upon this Monument in the Ambulatory, which, when considered separately, bears no indication of being designed for King Sebert, but is supposed to have been erected in the time of Edward IV., as would appear from his royal badge being found upon it, has been placed, what is presumed to be, a part of the original wooden enclosure of the Choir of the Church, having no resemblance to any monument or tomb now remain¬ ing in the kingdom. The open and most ornamented side of this enclo¬ sure, which is in four compartments of large size, is faithfully represented on the vignette at page 1; and the paintings which remain on the back of these stalls form the subjects of plates 1, 2, and 3. The Canopies, four in number, are very similar in their design to the sculptured sides of the monu¬ ment of Eleanor, Queen of Edward I., who died about 1290; they are adorned with crockets of an ancient form, and with open circles contain¬ ing trefoils, within the angles of the gables.* Between each canopy rose a light pinnacle, all of which have been broken. The three centre pinnacles spring from carved heads, two crowned and one mitred, beauti¬ fully executed, which have a very easy reference to the support of the Church, derived from the piety of the Monarchs, or the good government of the Bishops. The back of the enclosure, which faces the South Ambulatory, has been originally painted, as well as the principal front towards the Choir; but now is so defaced as to defy description. The only figure visible is on the the third panel from the east, and may be safely assigned to have been originally that of King Edward the Confessor, in the act of presenting his ring to the Pilgrim, who, according to the ancient legend, was St. John the Baptist, so disguised, whose figure was probably on the fourth panel. The other compartments are said to have been occupied by the figures of * These Canopies have been recently painted, but we give the ancient colouring, upon the authority of Sir Joseph Ayloffe’s Account, &c., p. 11. The faces of these compartments, in the centre of the gables of the Canopies, are covered with thick transparent red glass, laid on a gold foil, spread on a thin coat of distemper, or very fine plaster. At their greatest diameter they extend fourteen inches and a half, and are encompassed by moulded frames, raised in plaster, and gilt with burnished gold. Thespandrils of the Canopies are, in like manner, faced with transparent glass, but of a fine blue colour, set on a silver foil, and evidently designed to imitate Lapis Lazuli. The crockets, together with the swelling mouldings of the cornices, and those of the arches, &c. &c., are gilt partly with frosted and partly with burnished gold, but all the hollow mouldings are painted a bright full scarlet. The groining of the under part of the Canopies consisted of small moulded ribs, tinctured black; each compartment of which is filled with a white tracing, of trailing sprigs and leaves, laid on a red ground. ABBEY CHUBCB OF WESTMWSTEB. SEBEBT, HON© OF TEE EAST SAXONS, FOUNBEB OF THE ABBEY C1HJ1CH. ob. July. &J- fliOM A CURIOUS PAINTING ON THE STALLS NEAR THE AI.TKL PuilishiS/, Mai/,i,iS* t ,b>i CrJ‘. UanUna. iSJ/eraiUs JiuUdiriysJ.a/>iJ>cdu. t (I Inches.. ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 7 St. Peter and King- Sebert; under the latter of whom, according to Weever, was painted the following verse. ?l)tc Br.t xTcbcvtc pandas, coutu'ta per tc loca lustrabt, Jremum lugtrautro tucabt. The height of the enclosure is thirteen feet, nine inches, to the top of the finials, and each compartment is about tw T o feet, seven inches, wide? being separated from each other by small buttresses, and were originally adorned with a full length figure in each, painted in oil colours, on a ground of plaster, as ancient an example of the art as is to be found in the kingdom, being undoubtedly of the period of Henry III. or of Edward I. PLATE I. PORTRAIT OF SEBERT, KING OF THE EAST SAXONS, Ac. Ob. 616. It must be observed that this is merely presumed to be the representa¬ tion of Sebert, to whom, historians agree in attributing the first foundation of a Church at Westminster. There is certainly no objection to be urged as to the identity of the portrait, and it may reasonably be supposed that he would be honored with the stall nearest to the Altar. It is the most perfect of the series, and merits particular attention from the fine state of preservation in which it remains. Sebert, King of the East Saxons, was the son of Sledda, by his wife, Ricula, the daughter of Hermenric, and sister of Ethelbert, King of Kent, and he ascended the throne in the year 596. His Kingdom was bounded on the East by the Ocean, on the South by the Thames, on the West by the River Colne, and on the North by the Stour; comprehending the Counties of Essex, Middlesex, and a part of Hertfordshire. He was converted to Christianity by Ethelbert, King of Kent, his mother’s bro¬ ther, and was induced by him to be the founder of a Church, dedicated to St. Peter, in the West of London, at a place called Thornye, where formerly stood a temple ot* Apollo; and after his death he was there interred, according to Sulcardus. 8 ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. With regard to the removal of his remains, in after times, there is some little difference in the statements. Walsingham, who wrote a History of England, beginning at 1273, and concluding with the funeral of Henry V., has these words, 1308. “ Hoc anno cum placeret fratribus de Westmonast. transferre Sebertum regem de veteri Ecclesia in suam novam Basilicam, qui primo de regibus Anglorum ibidem in honore Sancti Petri Apostolorum principis fundavit Ecclesiam, et cum devotionis ardore ejus aperuissent sepulclirum? invenerunt manum ejus dextram integram, in carne, cute, unguibus et ossibus compactis, usque ad medium brachii, qui jacuerat ibi per annos circiter septingentos.” Robert of Gloucester, another historian of about the same period, wrote in verse. Hrjjbvtt tljat 3 twmjHWfc load a vt'sht fjolg man, dfor tfjc Tlbbep of Mfcdtmt'ndtcr ho foi 4 mrdt brejan; load tl)c fil'dt that dtctc cjan xtvt, Tint* dtthf at f)t'd rube ban hr load bumtr thrrr. sTcbru hwtttrrrtr pcrc autr &ix there loere m'gh <15011 Jgu'tiK that ho load imrtetr fatre uutrer a dtou; 7 lut> dotn x>c\ of hhn load atdo hoot g fouutr, 71 d thilh It an that ho load first lattr tw tho cjrouuts. The first statement, if Sebert really died in 616, places the removal of his body about 1316, though Walsingham previously states it happened in 1308, and the last describes the finding of his body 706 years after he was buried, viz. in 1322. The portrait represents a tall venerable personage, bearing in his right hand a sceptre of ancient form, terminating in a pinnacled turret, with his left hand raised in a commanding manner; his head is crowned with a diadem, ornamented with strawberry leaves, painted on a gold ground ; and his beard, of silvery whiteness, is long and curled, with mustachios: his tunic is rose colored, worked on the borders and bottom with white; and his mantle, which is long and flowing, is dark green, lined with white, and guarded with embroidery , of a handsome pattern of white and red ; his hose are purple; and his shoes, of blue damask, buckle over the instep with a small gold buckle: the ground upon which the figure is painted is a reddish brown, and he is represented standing on a lawn, or carpet, studded with flowers, Ac.: the white gloves on his hands are unadorned ABBEY CHURCH OF WESTMINSTER. V. G.P.Harding, del* ft J.Stow, sculp. REMAINS OF AN ECCLESIASTICAL FIGURE, FROM A DKKACEl) PAINTING ON THE STALLS NEAR THE ALTER. I’ubU'Shtd. Mm/. i. 1825 . bu tr r Hardi/uj. id. lUrculcs JSuiLhnoj.La/nbah . ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 9 with embroidery; and his crown and sceptre, whatever may have been their original appearance, are now of a darkish brown colour. PLATE II. REMAINS OF AN ECCLESIASTICAL FIGURE. This panel or division of the screen, like the others, is about eight feet, eleven inches high, by two feet, seven inches, in width, but was found to retain only a very small portion of its original decoration: the greater part of the painting upon it seemed to have been purposely destroyed; the lower parts of the drapery and feet of a figure only remained. From the dress it appeared to have been that of an ecclesiastic; and it may be supposed that the screen, or enclosure, contained figures of a King and Bishop in alternate succession. This series, it may without much presump¬ tion be inferred, was continued round the whole Choir. The small pillars, from which the arches of the several compartments take their spring, were white, diapered with black, in various pattern, while the capitals and bases were gilt, but have been all painted black in the recent alteration. Upon Grand Festivals, in addition to the rich stalls of the priests, Tapestry was frequently used in the decoration of the Church, at a very early period, oftentimes the gift of devout persons, as in the following instance : John, Duke of Exeter, died in 1447, and bequeathed to the Choir of the Colle¬ giate Church of St. Katharine, near the Tower, “ certain pieces of arras, sufficient to hang the said Choir on both sides, on every principal Feast.” DucarelPs History of St. Katharine’s. The Stalls of the Dignitaries of the Church were also sometimes adorned with their own heraldic insignia, in Tapestry; as at Wells, where the Arms of the celebrated Polidore Virgil, Archdeacon of that Diocese, were upon the arras over the stalls in the Cathedral, in Leland’s time, and thus inscribed : fum 3Laurug tnvtutte, fionos prrcjrata triumph ts. And upon another part of the same hangings was the following line. ipoltjsoiu, sunt muucra Tir/> JOHN 'WALTHAM „ BISHOP OF SALISBURY, AND LORD HIGH TREASURER OF ENGLAND, ebl 395- IN TilK ClIAPEI. OK ST K.DWARJ} TlIF- CONFESSOR. Published Miw id:*,. by GiP. Harding id. HeraUcs PuiLiuus Lambeth. ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 15 PLATE IV. THE MONUMENT OF JOHN WALTHAM, BISHOP OF SALISBURY AND LORI) HIGH TREASURER OF ENGLAND, OB. 1395, IN THE CHAPEL OF ST. EDWARD THE CONFESSOR. The grey marble slab, in the pavement, near the tomb of King Edward I., and before the north door of the very elegant screen in St. Edward the Confessor’s Chapel, contains the most ancient monumental brass now remaining within the Abbey Church. The figure of the Prelate, arrayed in all the pomp of ecclesiastical costume, is represented as installed within a tabernacled Canopy, of pure architectural design, approaching, in style and richness of decoration, to what we may conceive of the Shrines of the early Saints of the Church. John, of Waltham, was highly distinguished by King Richard II.; in the fifth year of whose reign, 1381, he was made Master of the Rolls, and in 1386, Keeper of the Privy Seal; offices of great trust and profit, as well as of honour. In the latter year, the Parliament chose thirteen Lords, as Governors of the Realm, and of this number he was one. In 1388, he was appointed to succeed Ralph Erghum in the See of Salisbury; and the ceremony of his Consecration as Bishop, which occurred on the 20th of September, was attended by the King himself, and many illustrious personages. Bishop Waltham received a Grant of Free Manor for his possessions of Lavington, Potterne, and Woodford; and, by royal favor, obtained the privilege of a Fair for Southbroom, Salisbury, Ramsbury, Marlborough, and Rockingham. Hodswortli’s History of Salisbury Cathedral, p. 46. The Bishop also procured from Pope Boniface an exemption from Archiepiscopal Authority, which he resisted at the time of the Metropo- litical Visitation of his Diocese ; but, according to his life by Fuller, “ He missed his mark, and met with one who both matched and mastered him, when refusing to be Visited by Courtenay, Archbishop of Canterbury, urging the Criticisme that Pope Urban the Sixth, who granted Courtenay his Commission, was lately dead, till the Archbishop excommunicated him into more knowledge and humility, teaching him that his Visitation had a self-support, without assistance of Papal power, cast in, only, by way of 16 ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. religious compliment. This Bishop was afterwards made Lord High Treasurer, viz. in 1390; and Richard II. had such an affection for him, that, dying in his Office, he caused him to he buried, though many muttered thereat, amongst the Kings, and next to King Edward I., in Westminster. His death happened in 1395.” Fuller's Worthies. The Abbot and Convent of Westminster were at the same time enjoined to commemorate his Obit, observing to keep the day of his death with prayers and alms. The particular words of Walsingham, regarding his being interred with so much honour, are thus: u Hoc anno, 1395, obiit Johannes de Waltham, Episcopus Sarum, et Regni Thesaurius, qui tantum Regi complacuerit, ut etiam multis licet murmurantibus, apud Monasterium inter Reges meruit sepulturam.” The Portrait of this distinguished Prelate is represented at full length, in very rich sacerdotal robes, giving the Benediction with his right hand, and bearing his Crozier in his left, over which arm depends the Fannel or Maniple. The enrichments of the Mitre on his head are entirely oblite¬ rated, and it should also be observed, that very faint traces of the lines of the countenance now remain. The outward robe, or Chasuble, a vestment particularly devoted to the celebration of Mass, appears richly embroi¬ dered down the centre of the front, in six compartments, representing alternately a plain cross, the emblem of the crucifixion, and the full length figure of the Virgin Mary, bearing the Infant Christ on her right arm, and holding a sceptre in her left. The Chasuble is of the ancient form, and is consequently raised on the sides, to allow of action in the arms. Beneath this garment is the Dalmatic, richly fringed. The under robe, reaching to the feet, is the Alb, embroidered in the centre. The gloves and ring, an important part of Prelatic dress, also appear. The whole figure is now much worn; but the elegant Canopy, under which the Bishop is repre¬ sented, has suffered materially: more than one half has been purloined; and of the legend, or inscription, only a single letter, as represented on the engraving, now remains. From the mention of his epitaph, by Godwin, in his Lives of English Bishops, published in 1601, it appears to have, at that time, been legible. Enough, however, is left of the enriched Canopy to determine its original character. The design exhibits all the known peculiarities of the pure style in which it is executed, and displays a proof of the architectural skill of the artist, who was evidently acquainted with the principles of decoration, in the mode then practised. Four tabernacled PLATE V. ABMY OlFICi OF WESTMINSTER, _ idif tmt mm m quoins WRoMigc^Se ^oUiebumcc j/ujft '/f ff ////■ (gfo U OBKKT W AI. I) K l > Y , AK V HJBltSH D P OF YD UK ob. ?<), ■ Wav. > 3 . 07 ■ IN THK CHAPEL OF ST V.DM CN1) THE KINO. PubUshtd, Jamuuv. I.i9*6.b» 0PHarding. 18 . jf erodes Buildnujs. f.jrnl>tt/i. ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 17 niches, on either side, contained as many saints ; and it would appear from the only one that remains, in the uppermost niche, that the name was inscribed on the nimbus, or glory, round their heads. These, it might be supposed, were all saints of the name of John, in allusion to his own bap¬ tismal appellation; but Mr. Gough mentions the following:—S. Johes, Evang.; S. Johes Bevliac; S. Johes Elemosiner; and a St. Peter, on the south side. Beneath the large arch, which connected the two outer portions of the Shrine, was an exceedingly light triple headed Canopy, rising in double finials, immediately over the head of the figure. From the elegant taste displayed in every part of this very ancient monument, we cannot but regret its partial mutilation, arising from the neglect it has unworthily experienced, and express a hope that the conservators of the Abbey Church will most carefully preserve what is left. PLATE V THE MONUMENT OF ROBERT WALDEBY, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK, ob. 29th May, 1397. IN THE CHAPEL OF ST. EDMUND THE KING. Robert Waldeby was born in Yorkshire, and derived his name from the place of his nativity, in the East Riding of that County, Waldby, in Harthill Wapentake ; a practice which then was common amongst eccle¬ siastics. He followed Edward the Black Prince into France, and conti¬ nued a long time at the University at Thoulouse, where he studied divinity, natural and moral philosophy, and became an excellent linguist. He was first appointed Professor of Divinity in that University, and, according to some authorities, by favour of the Prince ot W ales, was made Bishop of Aire in Gascony. He was consecrated Archbishop of Dublin in 1387, in the eleventh year of King Richard II., and appears from this peiiod to have been much attached to the personal interest ol the young monaich. - After the death of Richard s first Queen, Anne ot Bohemia, who died at Sheene, the 7th of June, 1394, the King set sail for Ireland, and held his Christmas that year at Dublin. It was upon occasion ot this expedition D IB ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. to Ireland, undertaken to quell an insurrection, that Richard II. first assumed the Arms of St. Edward the Confessor, to please the Irish, which he afterwards bore impaled with those of France and England, as seen over the Canopy, in the plate of Archbishop Waldeby’s Tomb. The Arch¬ bishop of Dublin was one of several Lords which the King, being then a widower, dispatched upon a treaty, respecting a marriage with Isabel, the daughter of Charles VI., King of France, who was then only eight years old. Waldeby, about 1395, was translated from Dublin to the see of Chi¬ chester; and in August, 1396, he succeeded Thomas Fitz Alan, commonly called Archbishop Arundel, as Primate of England. He was Archbishop of York but a short time, dying the very next year. The grey marble slab, that covers his remains, is nearly nine feet in length, by three feet, seven inches, in breadth. Upon the verge was the following Leonine inscription, formerly extending all round; but one half of it has been torn from the bed, in which it was inlaid. %Hc frn't cxptu£, tn quobts Jptrr iftobtitf, ID e Malbrbg btct, uuuct rgt gub marmore strictug, ^acrc J^mpturr, IDortor futt & qrm'turr, Jgusmtug mtbtcttg, & debt's grmpcr amtcujS, Slburcu, portfire Ard)a£ iDubltueu, ph'ttc Ctccgtrcu, taubcm prmtasi Cboreu, Quarto It. ^ttrn't, mtcfbtt tttrgtb. aunt, Js'rpult mtllrnt, tn* C. septem nouteg quoq brut, V pi 4 ttor oratr, q j^tnt jstbf bona bratr. Cum jS'cte bttr, rcqutc.Gcat rt fitc sstur Ittr. The figure of Archbishop Waldeby is represented under a very light and beautiful tabernacle, consisting of a single arch, which springs from two slender buttresses, panelled in the upper divisions, and crowned with pinnacles. The verge of the canopy is ornamented with crockets, and over the finial, or termination, is the royal shield of Richard of Bordeaux, his patron, viz.— Azure, a cross patonce, between four martlets, or, for St. Edward the Confessor, impaling, quarterly, France and England; viz.—first and fourth, Azure, semee fleurs de lis, or; second and third, Gules, three lions passant guardant, or. This manner of bearing the Arms of Richard II. also appears upon a monumental brass of Sir Simon Fel- brigge, standard bearer to that King, who died in 1413, and was buried in ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 19 Felbrigge Church, in Norfolk, where his figure is represented, holding the royal banner, blazoned as above. Over the canopy, on the same tomb, is also a shield, charged in a similar manner. On each side of the light and tasteful canopy of Waldeby, are indents of two other shields, bereaved of their brasses. Enshrined within this tabernacle is the full length figure of the Archbishop, which affords a most satisfactory example of cotemporary costume. Upon his head is a mitre, adorned with jewels; the Mitrapretiosa, which was worn only upon the most solemn occasions. In his left hand he bears the pastoral staff, sur¬ mounted by a cross; Bacilluspastoralis, always held by the Bishop, when giving the benediction, but on other occasions borne before him,** as a symbol of ecclesiastical authority, and implying his pastoral jurisdiction. The two fore fingers of his right hand are extended, as in the act of bene¬ diction, and upon his middle finger is the ring, essential to a prelate, which was bestowed upon the early Bishops of the Church, as a type of the mar¬ riage of Jesus Christ with his Church,and accepted by them as a pledge of their fidelity to the charge. Over the chasuble, or mass habit, is seen the pall, a vest worn only by metropolitans, above all other garments; this was received from the Pope, and held as a manifest demonstration of the lawfulness and plenitude of archiepiscopal jurisdiction. It is in form of a fillet, or band, about the neck, encompassing the shoulders, from whence it is sometimes called super hit male, and has pendents before and behind, with little laminae of lead, rounded, at the extremes, and covered with silk. Sometimes the archiepiscopal pall was fastened to the other parts of the dress by large ornamented pins, as to be seen upon the monumental effigy of Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury, who died in 1348, in Canterbury Cathedral. Anciently, the apostolical sub-deacons of St. John de Lateran possessed the exclusive privilege of making the pallia, of white wool, shorn from two lambs, annually offered, by the nuns of St. Agnes, upon the festival of that saint, 21st of January, at the singing of the Mass, Agnus Dei, when the offering was received in form by two Canons of the Church, who delivered them to the Subdeacons. The pall, upon the figure of Waldeby, is adorned in front by six crosses pattee, fitche. Upon the left arm is the fannel, or maniple, embroidered and fringed at the ends; and from beneath the lower hem of the dalmatic, is seen the ends of the stole, a long ornamented band, worn round the neck, and over the alb, an under garment, reaching down to the feet, a part ol 20 ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. ecclesiastical dress, from which, the surplice qf modern times apparently derived its origin and colour. PLATE VI. THE MONUMENT OF ELEANOR BOHUN, DUCHESS OF GLOUCESTER, on. 3 rd Oct. 1399, 7 IN THE CHAPEL OF ST. EDMUND THE KING ■ This very large monumental slab is placed upon a low tomb, of the altar kind, near the middle of the Chapel. The inlaid brass work, in good preservation, is exceedingly rich, and the more interesting, as commemo¬ rating an illustrious lady, so nearly allied to the royal family. On the ledge of the monument is the following inscription, in raised letters, begin¬ ning at the north, and continuing round three sides of the tomb. Cp gist SUianorc he 23oljun ciSnc title f un beS IjcirS a honorable Seigneur nionS Ipumfrep he 23ol)im Counte he Dcreforh bosses ct he Ijlotjjampton $ Concstabic b’Cngictrc, femme a puissant $ noble prince d}omas be IDotJcStohc fits a trcscjeccilent $ trcpuiSSant peignour Cbtoarb ftop b Cnglctrc puis Ic Conquest tict$. SDuc he <*BIouccstrc Counte h’CSSejr $ be 2$ukingbam i Concstablc h Cngtctere <&c mourust le ticr$ iour b’OetObf Tan btt grace CCCLxxxxix de qui alme Dieux fait mercy Amen. The will of this noble lady, who died a nun, in the abbey at Barking, is extant in the Archiepiscopal Registry, at Lambeth, Reg. Arundel ; from whence it appears, that she was not interred with any extraordinary pomp, if her will was complied with. She desired her body to be buried in the Abbey, in the Chapel of St. Edmund the King, and St. Thomas of Canter¬ bury, and ordered, on the day of her funeral, her remains to be covered with a black pall, marked with a white cross, having in the centre an escutcheon of her Arms; to be attended to the grave by fifteen poor men, abbey cjhiujkch of wistminsyeir. PLATE VI J 'f(e( . nuVie,i BUSANG® BOM UN, 1 %■ . /A /i/ (>/ BITCHES® OF ~~ S' - */; ob. 3 .October, jggc), IN THE (’ HAl’KL OV ST EDMUND teste: THK KIN <; <&-]457- IN THK NORTH AMBULATORY. I'ublish&i. May, l.idzj.by (r.F.Hai'dituj. id.Iferodes fiuilduijs, LasrWeth. ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY.. 25 PLATE VII. THE MONUMENT OF SIR JOHN HARPEDEN, Kt., ob. 1457, IN THE NORTH AMBULATORY. This inlaid marble slab, which is level with the pavement in the north aisle, commemorates the fifth and last husband of the great Kentish heiress, Joane, the granddaughter of John, Lord Cobham, who died in 1407. By his wife, Margaret, daughter of Hugh Courtenay, second Earl of Devon, Lord Cobham had an only daughter and heiress, Joane, married to Sir John De La Pole, Kt., whose daughter, heiress of the barony of Cob¬ ham, also named Joane, married five husbands in succession, although Dugdale, in his Baronage, only takes notice of three; by all of whom she had children, except by the last. Sir John Harpeden. This great lady first married Sir Robert Hemendale, by whom she had two sons, William and John, who both died young. Her second husband was Sir Reginald Braybrooke, Kt., and by him had likewise two sons ,Regi¬ nald and Robert, who also died young, and an only daughter and heiress, who married Sir Thomas Brooke, Kt., whose son, Sir Edward Brooke, of Cobham, was a strenuous supporter of the house of York, and father of Sir John Brooke, who had summons to Parliament, as Lord Cobham, the twelfth year of the reign of Edward IV. Sir Reginald Braybrooke died in 1405, when the Lady Cobham married, thirdly. Sir Nicholas Hawberke, Kt., and had by him a son, John, who died an infant. Sir Nicholas Haw¬ berke died in 1407, when his widow married, a fourth time, to the celebrated Sir John Oldcastle, called the Good Lord Cobham ; he being summoned to Parliament, jure uxoris, as Lord Cobham, from the eleventh year of Henry IV. to the first of Henry V.; but in the fifth year of that King he was accused of treason, and afterwards adjudged to a cruel death, which he suffered on the 18th of December, 1418: by him, the Lady Cob¬ ham had an only daughter, Joane, who died young. His widow married to her fifth and last husband, Sir John Harpeden, Kt., by whom it does not appear she had issue; and herself died on the 13th of January, 1433, and is buried under a slab, inlaid with brass, in Cobham Church, in Kent. Of Sir John Harpeden, history has recorded no particular circumstance. He survived his lady twenty-four years, and appears, from the portrait on his monument, to have died at no very advanced age. His figure is repre- E 26 ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. sented, on the slab, at full length, in complete armour of plate, with his hands raised as in prayer, and his feet resting on a lion, the emblem of courage, supposed to be the inherent qualification of every Knight. Upon his head is a basinet, of conical form; and attached to it is the Hausse Col , or gorget, which protected the throat and neck. Under his head is repre¬ sented the Heaume , or tilting helmet, surmounted by his crest and flowing mantling. The Heaume was usually worn over the basinet, when at a tour¬ nament, and the Knight was then distinguished by his personal crest, which was formed of stiff leather, wood, or some light substance, fastened to the top of the heaume. The crest of Sir John Harpeden is a hind’s head, or, ducally gorged. His body is completely cased in a cuirass of steel, and his armpits guarded by small palettes, while the shoulders are amply protected by the Epaulieres, overlapping plates, reaching to the Rerebras. Elbow plates and Vantbras guard the arms; and upon his hands are laminated gauntlets. From the breast-plate, or cuirass, depends a skirt, consisting of jointed plates, ten in number, called tasses, reaching to the middle of the thighs, which are protected by cuisses. Large genouillieres, or knee caps, jambs and sollerets, with joints at the toes, and sharp pointed, complete the suit of defensive armour. On his heels are spurs, the insignia of knighthood, which are of the rouelle or wheel kind. On his left side is a long straight sword, depending by a baudrick, or ornamented belt, which crosses the body diagonally; and on his right side is the anelace, or dagger, called mercy, in allusion to the cry of the opponent, when beneath the victorious . knight. The inscription is entirely rased from this tomb; but it still retains four shields of arms: two at the head of the slab, and two about the middle of the monument.* The first, at the dexter corner, bears, Argent, a mullet of six points, pierced, and charged in the centre with a martlet, gules, for Harpeden, impaling, quarterly, first and fourth, Barry, of Six, or and azure , on a chief of the first, two pallets between two squares, based dexter and sinister, of the second, an inescutcheon, argent, Mortimer, second and third, or, a cross, gules, Ulster. The second shield, at the sinister corner of the slab, bears the coat of Harpeden, impaling, Gules, on a chevron, or, * The position and arrangement of these shields are supposed to indicate his family connexions, and illustrate his descent. The colours have originally been enamelled upon the shields, but are now worn, and shew only the lead, upon which the thin coat of emaille was laid. They are here given from the best autho¬ rities, as being more satisfactory. ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 27 three estoiles, sable, Cobham, of Starborough, in Surrey. The third shield, on the dexter side, is charged with Harpeden, as before, impaling, Gules, on a chevron, or, three lions rampant, sable, Cobham, of Cobham, in Kent. ^ The fourth shield, on the sinister side, bears Harpeden alone; viz.—a mullet, as before described. The molette, or mullet, borne by Sir John Harpeden, is one of the most common badges of chivalry ; but in the earlier representations of the charge it is never found pierced, and very probably had, originally, refer¬ ence to a meteor, as described by Guillim, in his “ Display of Heraldry,” chap. 5 : but the arms of Harpeden, a mullet of six points, pierced, seems evidently an allusion to the spur rowel, from whence modern heralds derive the bearing. The French, our prototypes in the heraldic art, admit six points to the mullet, although we usually allow only five. Dr. Meyrick, to whom the exact chronology of every part of ancient armour is perfectly familiar, and most happily combined with a ready disposition to communicate information, considers the origin of the word extremely doubtful.* The earliest list of armorial bearings is, perhaps, of the time of Henry III., or Edward I., printed in the Antiquarian Repertory.f In this it is called a mole , and a molet, whether pierced or not. In the collection of seals, attached to the Letter from the Barons to the Pope, in the time of Edward I., they are represented as of six points. In Durham Cathedral, of the time of Edward III., the same; and on a seal of William Clinton, Earl of Huntingdon, to a deed dated 1387, the same. The change from six to five points, in England, seems to have taken place at the beginning of the fifteenth century. Cer¬ tain it is that spur rowels were never of five points before the time of Charles I., nor of six before that of Henry VI. It had been, previously, a rouelle, or little wheel, sometimes serrated. When a writer, of Henry VI.’s time, recommends a cordelette to be attached to the spur, affin, que la molette ne tourne desoulz le pie, he so names the rowel, from its resemblance to that bearing in heraldry. The Boke of St. Albans, printed in I486, calls it macula , which coincides with the idea of its representing, originally, a meteor, or spot in the heavens, rather than the rowel of a spur. * The explanation, which follows, was obtained from Dr. Meyrick, while viewing his unrivalled collec¬ tion of armour, and appears the most conclusive, respecting the derivation of this common heraldic bearing, t Les Noms de Chivaliers en le champ du Roi Henri III., A.D. 1220. 28 ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. PLATE VIII. i THE MONUMENT OF SIR HUMPHREY BOURCHIER, Knight Banneret, ob. 14th of April, 1471. IN THE CHAPEL OF ST. EDMUND THE KING. This Monument is on the south side of the Chapel, near the arched sepulchre of Sir Bernard Brocas, and consists of a low altar tomb of grey marble, covered with a large slab, from which the figure of the Knight has been purloined. The Arms and Badges, remaining, are not without interest, as illustrating the descent of a particular branch of a family, so remarkable for the splendour of their rank, and importance of their alli¬ ances. The Peerage of England, it is supposed, has not produced a name more distinguished by titles of honor during three centuries, for which period they flourished as Noblemen. The first Lord Bourchier was Lord Chancellor to Edward III.; and in the reign of Henry VI., Thomas Bourchier was successively Bishop of Worcester and Ely, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Cardinal. He also was Lord Chancellor, and three of his brothers were at the same time Peers of Parliament. Five Baronies in Fee, and three Earldoms, besides the title of Viscount, as soon as it became a degree of honor, were held at various periods in succession by the Bourchier family, four of whom were Knights of the most noble Order of the Garter. Sir John Bourchier, Knight of the Garter, the father of Sir Humphrey, was the fourth son of William, Earl of Ewe, and Anne, only surviving daughter and heir of Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester. Sir John, having married Margery, the daughter and sole heir of Sir Richard Berners, Kt., of W T est Horsley, Surrey, was summoned to Parliament, as Lord Berners, in 1454, the thirty-third year of the reign of Henry VI., and was at the first battle of St. Albans, the next year, in defence of the House of Lancaster, but afterwards sided with the House of York, and died Constable of Windsor Castle, in the reign of Edward IV. Sir Humphrey Bourchier, a Knight Banneret, his eldest son, married Elizabeth, the daughter and heir of Frederick Tylney, Esq., of Boston in Lincolnshire, by whom he had Sir John Bourchier, who succeeded his grandfather as Lord Berners, one of the earliest of our noble authors, who, at the command of Henry VIII., translated Froissart’s Chronicle, which was printed in the infancy of the art, by. Pynson, in 1523, 1525, 2 vols. folio. abbey cceirnrH of Westminster PLATE VIII. lifir punil me 7 acrasl !> emett teabdla cupifcn#,? fetal lit Jmndep'-fit (aunt# 'ouOup miles,? In audit imhu\s-iu8^po2Tigit anna QuotesxpCnutiucta cubeut D0I02 eu llaniiuatnlps bote Imuiue uempc caOit-qno^c mojtc urfiuait ^’^oiucnrUtct' KnmbiDus-clamipagiut Ductus Ml ■ 1 .. 11M 111 ! t tienu.men SITE HUMPHREY BOUMClHlllJER IK? ELDEST SOW OF LOIRE) BEJRNEKS. SLAIN IN THE BATTLE OF BAM JET. H *«. iprii, 1471 ■ IN THF. CHAl’Kl, OK ST EDMUND THK KING 'ibUsfwd S'Lmj 1. idsff. bu o. P.Ilurduw 18. HtrcuUis Biuiditw*. J.ii/nbcch ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY 29 33ourcf)ter $elitgtee* SHEWING THE DESCENT OF SIR KNT. BANNERET, HUMPHREY BOURCHIER, OB. 1471. ROBERT DE BURSER,- or BOURCHIER. : Emma. Sir John Bourchier, ^Hklen, da. and heir of Walter de Colchester. Robert Lord Bourchier, Lordr=MARCARET, da. and heir of Chancellor of England, ob. 1349. Sir Thomas Prayers. John Lord Bourchier,; K.G, ob. 1399. :Elizabeth, da. of Sir John Coggeshal. I Sir William; Bourchier, ob. 1365. Bartholomew Loud - Idonea Lovey. Bourchier, ob. 1409. Sir Hugh =Elizabeth, = Stafford. only da. Lord Bourchier. and heir, Vide Stanley ob. 1432. Pedigree. :Sir Lewis Robsart, K.G. Lord Bourchier, jure uxoris, ob. 143/. ; Elbanor, da. and heir of Sir John Louvaine: Str William Bourchier,^tAnne, only surviving da. cr. Earl of Ewe, 1419, ob. 1420. and heir of Thomas of Woodstock. Vide Bohun Pedigree. Henry Bourchier,— — Isabel. 1 Thomas 1 William, K.G. cr. Earl of Bourchier, Lord Essex, 1461, Cardinal, Fitz ob. 1483. Abp. of Canterbury, Lord Chancellor, ob. i486. Warine, jure uxoris. :Thoma$in, da. and heir of Richard Hankford, by Elizabeth, heiress of the Barony of Fitz Warine. Sir John=Marcery, da. Bourchier, K.G., Lord Berners, ob. 21st May, 1474. and heir of Sir Richard Berners. I William - Viscou NT Bourchier. : Anne, sister and coheiress of Richard Widville, Earl Rivers. Cicely. : Sir John Devereux, Lord Ferrers, of Chartley. Humphrey, Lord Cromwell, ob. 1471. I Sir Humphrey Bourchier, K.B. ob. 1471, vita patris. Henry, 2nd - Mary, da. and heir E. of Essex, K.G. ob. 1539. of William Say. Anne=William Lord Parr, K.G. cr. Earl of Essex 1543, ob. 1571. Issue illegitimated, 1542. I Walter Devereux, cr.Viscount Hereford, 1550, ob. 1558, Sin Richard Devereux, ob. vit. pa. 1547. Fulke Bourchier, Lord Fitz Warine, ob.1478. John Bourchier, cr. E. of Bath, 1536, ob. 1539. :Elizabeth, da. aud heir of Frederick Tylney, Esq. afterwards married Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk. John Bourchier, Lord Berners, ob. 1532. Jane , sole da. and heir, ob. 1561. Walter Devereux, K.G. cr. Earl of Essex, 1571, ob. 1576. <* so ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. Sir Humphrey Bourchier was slain fighting for King Edward IV., in the battle of Barnet Field, who obtained a decided victory, upon Easter- day, 1471. His body was brought to London, and honorably interred in the Abbey Church at Westminster, with the following inscription. puqfi free jaceng, 23mrett fera bvfia cuptgcvus’, Certat ut (jfFaribc.s, fit sauetug unfits. mfivg, ITt tettoit bulmtg, tnavg pomqtt arrna rntore, J^p’^tm ttneta vubvut, bolov en lacbvgtnabfitg f)ove, SLttmtne ucrnpc taint, quo Vpe morte vcguvqtt, 23ouvqcf)tcv humfritmo, rlara ppaqtnc buctug. <£trtoartu veep si, qut terrt' e&t bocttatujS, ^oh'u tr’m JSarutg, proles et p'vbulug Ijmg, OYttavt’ et (H-tibarmto, befit tenet eece t’ f)utnpf)Vt; <£luo pevtt fiu’fvttr ut veepg btrmtla btvug, Ctvonomon men.se, spon.se veq’ futt tste, <£r$abtt, stbt stc Sua btvtus rvesrtt bwove, 2lvmt.s conspttuus, quo b’m eavusq' bvtta’nts futt, ut relts btnat beposrtte botts. The personal arms of Sir Humphrey Bourchier, the eldest son of the Lord Berners, were, quarterly, first and fourth, argent , a cross engrailed, gules, between four water bougettes,* sable, Bourchier; second and third, gules, billettee, or, a fess, argent, Louvaine, impaling, quarterly, or and vert, Berners; over all, a label of three points,^ an ancient difference to denote the eldest son, and is so represented on the shield, at the base of the monument, on the sinister side. The other shield, at the foot of the monument, is that of his wife, Elizabeth Tylney, and contains six quarter- ings: first, argent, a chevron between three griffins’ heads, erased, gules, Tylney; second, three barrs, .and a bend, engrailed. -; third, azure, three crescents, argent, Thorp; fourth, sable, a fess between two chevrons, argent ; fifth, azure, three chevrons, or, Aspall; sixth, argent, semee of cross crosslets, and three fleurs de lis, within a fit * Water Bougettes are rarely met with in Foreign Coats of Arms, although very common, as well as ancient, in this country. The bearing is supposed to represent the yoke, to which are affixed skins or bags, as used in the camps in Palestine, during the Crusades, where the command of a foraging party for water, was an office of distinction. It might be assumed by this family, as a play upon their name Boucher, as it is some¬ times spelled, or as Sylvanus Morgan relates, “ that being Karls of Kwe, the Bourchiers did etymologize the Earldom, eau, by bearing the Water Budgets in their Arms. + I have seen, in some Barons' Books, as they are called, the label, azure, charged on each point with a lion rampant, or, probably allusive of the descent from the family of Bohun, vide Pedigree of Bohun, p. 24. ABBEY (CHURCH OF WESTMINSTER. FLAT!', IN wsi 4 s I % h m r him >1,1 ''Min , 1111 .. '''ill. I l ' l,ll,l, HI||||i ||." 111 1 II mil In. 1 ^illim ■ fbnumtn/ cV SIR THOMAS VAUGHAN KT C:HIAMEER]LAEN TO EBSWAED PMFCB OF’WALKS, chut icmp. Eda ard . / IN THE CHAPEL OK ST John THE BAPTIST. tr f‘. Harduia, . Hercules ftuuJinos. Lambeth. ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 31 border, sable, Hillary. The shield, at the top of the monument, on the dexter side, is, quarterly, first and fourth, Bourchier and Berners, as before described; second and third, Tylney, as above. The fourth shield, on the sinister side, at the upper part of the tomb, is Bourchier and Berners, impaling Tylney. Down the sides of the slab are six badges, three upon each side the indent of the figure, representing small ornamented shields, in the shape of a heart, with a large boss in the centre. The guige, or strap by which it was suspended round the neck, is curiously twisted in the form of the Bourchier Knot, a well known cognizance of this family. Under the head of the figure of the Knight is the Heaume, or tilting helmet, surmounted by the Bourchier Crest, a Saracen’s head, with a high cap. The mantling is rich, and descends below the neck or gorge of the Heaume. The figure remained on the monument when Monumenta Westmonas- teriensa, 8vo., 1682, was published by Henry Keepe, one of the choristers of the Abbey Church, who describes the feet as resting upon a leopard and eagle, most probably a lion and falcon, the supporters of the Bourchier Arms, as they appear upon the monument of Lewis Robsart, K. G., Lord Bourchier, standard bearer to Henry V., in the Abbey Church, PLATE IX. THE MONUMENT OF SIR THOMAS VAUGHAN, Kt. Ob. 14th of June, 1483. IN THE CHAPEL OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST. Sir Thomas Vaughan, Kt., of Tretower Castle, Brecknockshire, whose portrait is represented upon Plate 9, was Treasurer of the Privy Purse to King Edward IV., and held the office of Chamberlain to the Prince of Wales, his eldest son, who was born in Westminster Abbey. The circum¬ stances of the arrest and violent death of Sir Thomas Vaughan, without trial, are particularly recorded in history, and commemorated by Shak- speare. Upon the death of Edward IV., the ambition of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, immediately prompted him to attempt the possession of the throne. Edward, Prince of Wales, was then at Ludlow, under the 32 ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. care of Anthony Widville, Earl Rivers, brother to the Queen, who, under her direction, proceeded to escort him, without loss of time, to London, where his Coronation was to take place. The Duke of Gloucester, with his party, met the Earl at Northampton, and proceeded in company with him on the road to Stoney Stratford, whither the young King had gone forward, with a part only of his retinue. When they had arrived at the entrance of the town of Stoney Stratford, the Earl Rivers, together with Sir Richard Grey, the second son of the Queen, by her first husband, Sir John Grey, and Sir Thomas Vaughan, the Chamberlain of the young Prince, were suddenly arrested, and conducted under a guard to Ponte¬ fract Castle. The Queen then retired to Sanctuary in Westminster Abbey. The Duke of Gloucester was invested with the office of Protec¬ tor ; and the prisoners at Pontefract were beheaded by his order, trans¬ mitted to Sir Richard Radcliffe, the Governor of the Castle, without any form of process, on the 13th of June, 1483, and were li Untimely smothered in their dusky graves.” Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Vaughan, married Sir Edward Stanley, K.G., fifth son of Thomas, first Earl of Derby,* who for his con¬ duct and bravery at Flodden Field, was created Lord Montegle: and it is not very improbable, that at the expence of Lady Montegle, this monu¬ ment, to the memory of her father, was erected. Sir Thomas Vaughan derived his descent, according to Collins, the most eminent of our genealogists, from the noble families of Clare and Mortimer, as also from all the Princes of Wales, and the British Princes of Hereford, Brecknock, and Radnor, before the Conquest. The monument is situated on the north side of St. John the Baptist’s Chapel, and consists of an arched canopy of free stone, forming the roof of a recess, or small sepulchral chapel, within which is placed the tomb, answering in its position to an altar at the east end, with a space at the west end, sufficient for a priest to officiate in the performance of Mass for the soul of the deceased. Immediately over the centre of the arch, or canopy, is a shield, with traces of the Arms of Vaughan, quartered as on the tomb. In the spandrils are also shields, recently coloured over. That on the dexter side, before it was coloured, appeared to be blazoned, sable, a penfold, or: the sinister shield was not so clear. * Vide the Stanley Pedigree, annexed to the description of Plate XI. ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 33 The front of the altar tomb, within the canopied recess, as well as the top, has been originally inlaid with brass, and from the shape of the indents which remain, twelve in number, the brasses probably represented scrolls. On the verge of the marble slab, with which the tomb is covered, was an inscription in raised letters, upon a fillet of brass, now defaced. This was more perfect in Keepers time, when it stood thus. Thomas Vaughan, - et Thesaur. Camer. Edwardi 'fc quatti * ac * Camctara ^rincipi.g ^ ct ^ grimogcniti ^ regie? =& rcqut- cscat ^ in * pate. ^ 31 men. Each word remaining of the sentence is divided by the royal badges of the Rose and Sun, alternately, which two figures formed the principal ornaments of a Collar, given by King Edward IV. to his adherents, and also appear conspicuous upon the Great Seal of that monarch. In the centre of the slab is a small figure of the Knight, not more than three feet in length, in complete and costly armour of plate, excepting his helmet and gauntlets. The suit appears of that description which was used both in the Tournament, and in the Field. His face is that of a young man, and his bare head is represented as reclining on his heaume, surmounted by the crest; on a wreath or torse, an unicorn’s head, ducally crowned; appended to the crest is a rich mantling, tasselled. His neck is protected by a gorget of mail, and large pauldrons cover the shoulders, which are ornamented with bosses and pendents: the elbow pieces are also large and foliated. Below the fluted breast-plate* are jointed tasses, and tuiles, the latter hanging over the thighs. The feet of the Knight have been broken off; but the indent shews, that they rested upon some emblematical figure. A long arming sword is pendant from the middle of his belt, and hangs in front. At his right side is a misericorde or dagger. Two shields of arms were originally at the head of the figure : that on the dexter side is now gone; that upon the sinister side is charged with a a saltier, for Vaughan, quartering a bend, engrailed, between three fleurs de lis. The three small indents, upon each side of the figure originally contained inscribed labels or badges. * This rich suit, as delineated in Plate IX., bears a near resemblance to the earliest specimen of plate armour now in England, which the matchless industry of Dr. Meyriek has been able to obtain. Jhere is, however, in that superb collection, a conical Basinet, of the time of Richard II., and a very curious tilting Heaume of steel, of early date. Plate Armour, as distinguished from Mail, was in use fiom 1400 to 1550, from which period it was gradually abandoned. The Curassiers of modern times have partially adopted it. F 34 ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. PLATE X. THE MONUMENT OF JOHN ESTENEY, ABBOT OF WESTMINSTER, ob. 24th of May, 1498. IN THE NORTH AMBULATORY. John Esteney was elected Prior of the Convent at Westminster, in 1469 ; and at the recommendation of King Edward IV., succeeded Thomas Mylling, as thirty-eighth Abbot, in the year 1474. To him appears to be due, the immortal honor of promoting the introduction of the Printing Press to this country; one of the greatest benefits the world ever received. All Histories agree that, by the particular encouragement of the Abbot of Westminster, William Caxton, who had learned the art of printing at Cologne, and had certainly quitted the Low Countries before the year 1477, was enabled to establish the first press in England, within the pre¬ cincts of the Abbey, where he pursued his business until the year 1491, when he died. Which of the Abbots was his patron, has been differently stated by bibliographers, and the precise period of his first attempt in England will never probably be ascertained. That John Esteney became Abbot in 1474, we learn from Mr. Brayley’s lately published History of the Abbey, vol. 1, p. 92; and we obtain the following very interesting particulars, respecting the actual place where Caxton’s press stood, from Mr. Dibdin’s Typographical Antiquities, vol. 1. The Colophon of “ The Dictes and Sayings of the Philosophers,” printed in 1477, mentions Westminster generally : the “ Chronicles,” of 1480, first notice his printing at the Abbey: and the Romance of “ Arthur,” printed in 1485, is the last of his books, which mentions both the one and the other in the same Colophon. It is most probable, says Mr. Dibdin, that Caxton, after the manner observed in other monasteries, erected his press near one of the Chapels, attached to the aisles of the Abbey, and his printing office might have superseded the use of the Scriptorium of the same. No remains of this once interesting place can now be ascertained. Indeed, there is a strong presumption that it was pulled down, in making alterations for the build¬ ing of Henry VII.’s Chapel: for if Henry made no scruple to demolish the Chapel of the Virgin,* in order to carry into effect his own plans, for ¥ Vide Mr. Brayley’s account of the foundation of Henry VII.’s Chapel, p. 5. ABBEY CHURCH OF WESTMINSTER. PLATE X ? ^/c' * f/rnf/m^n/ r/ A J'OjBITT ESTENKY ABBOT OF WESTMINSTER, oL\ j/ * Jlfop, 24yt> NOW IN THE I’AV EMENT OF TOE NORTH \MlM L ATOIO Published, Mats. i>v Lr. P. JTardzne, i3, ILerxU&s Jiiulditurs, " ambeth . ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 35 erecting the magnificent one which now goes by his cfwn name, the office ot a printer stood little chance of escaping a similar fate. The following notification, printed in the largest type which Caxton used, appears to fix the press in the Almonry, or Ambry. The original is in Air. Douce’s curious Collection, but a fac-simile is given in Air. Dibdin’s Life of Caxton. it onp matt gpititud ot tcmporri to bpe ottp ppc£ of ttoo anti tfjte comemoracio^ of ^aUoburi u£e cnprpntiti after tfjc forme of t^i-o? preset lettre tofjicfje ben tocl anti tculp correct, late Jim come to toiegtmo' neater into tfyt almoneptrpe at tfje reeb pale anb §z gftal babe them goob there. Air. Dibdin thinks it probable, that the “ Romance of Jason,” 1475, was the earliest specimen of Caxton’s press, in the Abbey. If the above statements are to be relied upon, it is to Esteney, and not to either Alylling, or Islip, the latter of whom was not made Abbot until 1500, nine years after Caxton’s death, that England is indebted for the encouragement he gave to the introduction of the printing press. During the Abbacy of John Esteney, who was a prudent man, attentive to the interests of the convent, the great west window was entirely con¬ structed, and the magnificent west front of the Church, which had pro¬ ceeded but slowly under his predecessors, was nearly completed. The expense of the building was partly defrayed by the rentals of estates belonging to the Abbey, and partly by contributions. Esteney enjoyed his dignity twenty-four years, and dying on the 24th of Alay, 1498, was buried on the south side of St. John the Evangelist’s Chapel, in the north transept of the Abbey Church. His monument, it is conjectured, was, originally, nearly similar to that of his successor, Abbot Fascet, which is upon the south side of St. John the Baptist’s Chapel, and that it consisted of an altar tomb, surmounted by a canopy and cornice. Part of Esteney’s monument is represented in one of the outlined plates, accompanying the Account of the Death and Funeral Obsequies of Abbot Islip , published by the Society of Antiquaries, in 1807, folio. It there appears to be enclosed with iron rails; and through the arch of the canopy might be seen the altar ot St. John the Evangelist, the 36 ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. place of which is now occupied by the monumental statue of Sir George Holies, who died in 1626. The tomb of Abbot Esteney was opened, says Dart, on the 17th of August, 1706, when his body was discovered lying in a chest or coffin, quilted with yellow satin, and clothed in a robe of crimson silk, girded with a black girdle. On his legs were stockings of white silk, and over his face was a napkin, neatly folded. The whole monument was after¬ wards destroyed, and its exact situation is now occupied by that of General Wolfe, erected by Parliament in 1772, when the Abbot’s coffin was again exposed: his remains were then found in a less perfect state. The marble slab, with his effigies, in brass, as represented in the plate, was at that time removed and inserted in the pavement of the aisle, immediately in front of the sumptuous monument of Wolfe, which was permitted to usurp its original position. The slab is seven feet in length, a large portion of which is occupied by a very rich tabernacle; under it the figure appears standing. The tabernacled enclosure is one of the finest specimens of this description of ornament, and would form a most admirable model for an artist. The side buttresses and pinnacles are exceedingly light and ornamental; but the canopy is most singularly rich and elegant, in the delicacy, variety, and minuteness, of the component parts; rivalling the most celebrated stall work, in chastity of style, as well as in the merit of the design. The open arches, three in number, are each represented as groined in the soffit, having small pendents in the centre. On each side of the figure, of the venerable Abbot, are indents of armorial shields, now deprived of their brasses. That on the sinister side formerly contained the achievement of the Abbey of Westminster, as anciently used on the Conventual Seals, Ac., which was thus blazoned:— Azure , on a chief, indented, or, a crozier on the dexter side, and a mitre on the sinister, both gules. In the other indent was probably placed his own personal coat of arms. It was not an uncommon practice with the Heads of Conventual Houses, to superintend the construction of a sepulchral memorial during their life time, as well as to appoint the due celebration of mass for their souls, provision for which was always made by their last testament. If that was the case in the instance before us, there can be little doubt but that the figure upon the tomb is an actual portrait. It is about three feet, ten inches, high, and represents an aged man, with a dignified countenance, arrayed in the ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 37 most superb vestments of his office. On a label is inscribed in raised letters, in 2DC0; 111C0 ; an expression dictated by piety. Upon his head is a grand mitre, profusely ornamented with jewels, with fanons depending, which fall behind the collar of the chasuble, and in his left hand is the Abbatial crozier, of a peculiarly tasteful form. The Abbots of this distinguished Monastery were at an early period exempted from the jurisdiction of the Bishops of London, from which time they assumed the mitre and the crozier, the gloves and the ring, by Papal permission. They were still subjected to the See of Rome, and were obliged to be confirmed in office by the Pope himself: to obtain which, the Abbots were obliged, after election, to visit Rome. Abbot Esteney procured for his successors, a dispensation from the performance of this journey, which could not be made without considerable expence, through the intercession of King Edward IV., and the annual payment of one hundred florins to the Pope’s Collector. The Abbot of Westminster was also a Lord of Parliament, a privilege that did not depend on the Mitre; his Summons being in consequence of his Baronial tenure. The right hand of the Abbot is raised, as in the attitude of solemn benediction, upon the middle finger of which is a ring, seeming to have a seal set in it. The collar and front of the gorgeous chasuble, or mass habit, are adorned with a broad rich figured lace, and the outer border appears to be jewelled.* The liberty of celebrating Mass in episcopal vestments was also obtained, by Papal grant, at the solicitation of King Henry III. Be¬ neath the dalmatic, which is worn under the chasuble, are seen the ends of the stole, embroidered and fringed. The ornament at the bottom of the alb, it will be observed, corresponds with that on the collar of the chasuble. The verge of the slab originally contained a fillet of brass, with this inscription. J^ic jacct Donum t$ 3fa*jamtcS quontiam 3Uffia£ f)uju£ loci, (jut obiit 2d oic mcnoio S^aii, 3Hmio Dom, 1493, cuju£ animc propitictiu: Dcu£. 31 men. The legend, as well as the shields of arms, have been rased from the marble, and a portion of the ornamental canopy broken; what remains will be better preserved, by the very faithful representation in our plate. * The vestments belonging to the Abbey Cnureh were numerous, as well as costly. Some of them are now in the possession of Lord Arundell, at Wardour Castle. ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 38 PLATE XI. THE MONUMENT OF SIR HUMPHREY STANLEY, Knight Banneret, ob. 22nd of March, 1505. IN THE CUAPEL OF ST. NICHOLAS. In the pavement, near the base of an altar tomb, in memory of Lady Jane Clifford, on the north side of St. Nicholas’s Chapel, a grey marble slab is inlaid with a figure, inscription, and armorial shields, to the memory of Sir Humphrey Stanley, grandson of Thomas, the second son of Sir John Stanley, Knight of the Garter, who died in 1414. This is one of those Families, says Sir Egerton Brydges, whose early Baronial origin, though from a younger branch, seems, in defiance of change of name and arms, to stand upon a satisfactory foundation. From the time of Richard II., it has made a very considerable figure in History. The prominent part they acted in the fatal battle of Bosworth, by which Richard III. lost both his crown and his life, has made their name familiar to every Briton, conversant with the annals of his country. The splendour of their rank, alliances, and hospitality, for several succeeding generations, has given an interest to their memories, in the contemplation of those, who love to fill their fancies with pictures of the feudal ages.* Sir Humphrey Stanley obtained his knighthood immediately after the battle of Bosworth, where he had distinguished himself on the part of the Earl of Richmond,f and was subsequently made a Knight Banneret,J in the Tower of London, at the same time that his relation was created Earl of Derby, on the feast of St. Simon and St. Jude, in the first year of the reign of Henry VII., 28th of October, 1485.—Stow’s “ Annals,” p. 471. He was Sheriff of the county of Stafford, in the ninth year of that King’s reign, viz., 1493, and was appointed one of the Knights of the Body to the Sovereign, an office of the Royal Household formerly in the department * Collins’s Peerage, ed. 1812. + Henry, Earl of Richmond, slept at Elford, in Staffordshire, a seat of the Stanleys, on his way from Lichfield to Bosworth field. J This Title is not mentioned in English History before the reign of Edward I. A small and curious tract, “shewing the Origin and Ancient Privileges of Knight Banneret,” was written by the late Sir William Fitzherbert, elder brother of Lord St. Helens. It is an erroneous opinion, that no Knight Banneret can be made but in the war, tvhen the royal standard is displayed in the field, as it appears that Sir Humphrey Stanley was so created, not upon the field, where he was only knighted, but two months after the war, in the _ _ - . bic iacethum(\\i'u?Staiilcp onlcsJ pm coip mc_ c^ccllcnti[(\m^xnuip\s IjcnnabnTxegio angle c’ m obvjt ni) Die meccca anno Ova anllnuo ^ quiacutilTuuo qivtto cm' aiepcietmOcm' amen Vi , //,■ . -IL • nun is rU of —, SIM HUMPHREY STANLEY KT OF CLIFTON MB PIKE IN STAFFORDSHIRE. oh. 22 ^March. i^c$. IN THE CHAFEl. UK S' NICHOLAS. Published A!uv. 1.1^5. bj «>. r.llardina. : 3 . Hercules BuilduutJ, Z irnbeth . ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 39 of the Lord Chamberlain, but now obsolete, and probably synonymous with that of Gentleman of the Privy Chamber. From Pegge’s Curialia, we learn that Henry \ I. had twelve Knights of the Chamber: six to be always residing in the Court. King Edward IV., in 1478, had ten Knights, and nine Esquires, of the Body.—Harl MS., 642. When Henry VII.’s Queen, Elizabeth of York, proceeded from the Tower of London to Westminster, the day before her coronation, the canopy was borne by four Knights of the Body. In the time of Henry VII., the following singular duty appears to have belonged to the office. One of the Knights of the Body, together with a Gentleman Usher, was to supervise the making of the King’s bed, and to sprinkle it with holy water. At proper times, he was also to set the King’s sword at the bed’s head.—Le Neve’s Collections, Coll. Arm. W.W. In the History of Tixall, by the late Sir Thomas Clifford Constable, is the following relation of a most atrocious act, stated, upon the authority of Dugdale, to have been committed by Sir Humphrey Stanley. “ Sir Philip Chetwynd, Knt., departed this life, 24th of Henry VI., leaving William, his grandchild, his heir. Which William Chetwynd, after¬ wards one of the Gentlemen Ushers of the Chamber to King Henry \ II., became so much envied by Sir Humphrey Stanley, then of Pipe in Staffordshire, one of the Knights for the Body to the same King, and Sheriff for that county, 9th of Henry VII., as that by means of a counterfeit letter, in the name of Randolph Brereton, Esq., delivered on Friday night, before the feast of St. John the Baptist’s Nativity, requesting his meeting with him at Stafford, the next morning, by five of the clock. Being allured out of his house at Ingestre, and pas¬ sing thitherwards accordingly, with no more attendants than his own son and two servants, he was waylaid on Tixall Heath, by no less than twenty persons, whereof seven were of Sir Humphrey Stanley’s own family, some with bows, and others with spears, all armed with brigandines and coats of mail; who, issuing out of a sheep-cote and a deep dry pit, furiously assaulted him, saying that he should die ; and accordingly killed him. Sir Humphrey Stanley at that time passing by, with at least twenty-four persons on horseback, upon pretence of hunting a deer. All which, a Petition to the King, made by Alice, his widow, doth manifest; wherein she craves, that Sir Humphrey Stanley, and his servants, might answer for the murder. From other accounts it appears that Sir Humphrey Stanley had interest enough at Court to silence the matter, and that no redress 40 ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. was ever given to Alice, nor any notice taken of the assassination of her husband.”—History of Tixall, p. 85 and 86. The subjoined Pedigree of Stanley will shew the high descent of Sir Humphrey, with his connexion with the powerful Family of Stafford, whose arms, with a variation, are borne by him in the second quarter. With the Family of Pipe he appears to have no relation by blood, but to have inherited the Lordship,* which had been granted by the original possessor to his mother, the widow of his ancestor, Edmund, Lord Stafford, and who conveyed it to her second son by that nobleman. ARMS BORNE BY THE SEVERAL PERSONS AND FAMILIES CONNECTED IN THE ANNEXED PEDIGREE. Stanley, argent, on a bend, azure, three stags’ heads, cabossed, or. The Family derive their origin from the Baronial House of Audley, whose arms are Gules, a fret, or. Adam de Audley, a second son, bore the arms of his father, with a label of three points, azure, and was father of William Audley, who received from his cousin, Adam, the Manor of Stanleigh,+ or Stanley, in Staffordshire, in ex¬ change for the Manor of Talk; his son assumed the surname of Stanley, and his great grandson, Sir William Stanley, Knight, having married Joan, daughter and heiress of Sir Philip de Bamville, Kt., became possessed of Wirral Forest, in Cheshire, in allu¬ sion to which, he assumed the above, instead of the coat borne by his ancestors, with the motto, c< Sans Changer,” which has been continued ever since by the Noble Family. Lathom, of Lathorn and Knowsley, or, on a chief indented, azure, three plates. The name was assumed, from the possession of the-Manor of Lathom, in Lancashire, by Robert, son of Robert Fitz Henry, the founder of Burscough Abbey, in the reign of Henry II. Stafford, Lord Stafford, or, a chevron, gules. Stafford, of Pipe, or, a chevron, gules, between three martlets, sable, the arms of Lord Stafford, differenced according to ancient usage. \ Pipe, of Pipe, azure, crusilly, two pipes, chevron wise, or. Camville, of Clifton, azure, three lions passant, argent. Stafford, Bishop of Exeter, or, a chevron, gules, within a border, azure, charged, entoyrc, with eight mitres of the field. Stafford, of Bromshall and Hook, or, a chevron, gules, within a border, engrailed, sable. Stafford, Archbishop of Canterbury, or, on a chevron, gules, a mitre of the first, within a border, engrailed, sable. These arms appear on a corbell of the roof of the Hall at Croydon Palace, repaired by this Prelate. Strange, of Knokyn, in Shropshire, Gules, two lions passant, argent. The families of Strange, of Knokyn and Blackmere, were descended from two brothers, who came from Bretagne with Henry II. * Pipe is now the property of Samuel Pipe Wolferstan, Esq., of Statfold, maternally descended from Sir Richard Stafford. + Visitation of Lancashire, 1567. ^ Vide Dugdale’s Treatise, and Wyrley’s True Use of Armorie, ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY 41 §?tanlep fktugrec* SHEWING THE DESCENT OF SIR HUMPHREY STANLEY, KNIGHT OF THE BODY TO HENRY VII., FROM THE BARONIAL FAMILIES OF STAFFORD, CAMVILLE, &c. EDMUND LORD STAFFORD, = Marcaret, da. of Ralph,=Siu Thomas Pipe, Kt.,of 1st husband, ob. 1308. Lord Basset, of Drayton. Pipe in Staffordshire, 2nd husband. Ralph, cr. Earl; of Stafford, 1351, ob. 1372. ^Margaret, da. and sole heir of Hugh Audley, Eatl of Gloucester. Richard, Lord; Stafford of Clifton, by summons, held Pipe, by gift of his mother. :Maud, da. and heir of Sir William Camville, Kt., of Clifton. I Edmund Stafford, Bishop of Exeter, ob. 1419. Sir James Pipe, Kt., in the year 1534, granted his estate at Pipe to his mother. I Hugh, Earl - Philippa, da. of of Stafford, K, G., ob. 1386. Thomas Beauchamp, Karl of Warwick. Margaret : Stafford. —Sir John Stafpord, Kt., of Bromshall, Staffordshire. I Sir Humphrey . .da. and Stafford. 1 Edmund, • -Annr. da. and 1 Sir Hugh — Elizabeth, only Earl of heir of Stafford, da. and heir of Stafford, Thomas of K.G., Lord Bartholomew KG-, Woodstock. Bourchier, Lord Bourchier. ob. 1403. Vide Bohun jure uxoris. Vide Pedigree, Pedigree, p. 24. p. 29. i Sir Humphrey= ^Elizabeth Sir John Stanley, Stafford, Kt., Dynham. K G., ob. 1414. eallpd Silver Hand, ob. 1413. heir of Grenville. Katharine = Sir John Arderne, Stafford, sole heiress, held both Clifton and Pipe. Kt., of Efford, in Staffoi dshire. sole heir of Sir Thomas Lathom, Kt. Sir Humphrey Stafford, Kt., of Hook, co. Dorset, ob. 1441, from whom was descended Humphrey, Earl of Devonshire, Lord Stafford, of South wicke, temp. Edward IV. John Stafford, Archbishop ot Canterbury, ob. 1452. 1 Sir John Stanley, Kt., eldest son, ob. 1431. Sir Thomas Stanley,; Kt., of Clifton, Pine, and Elford. :Maud, sole heiress. Thomas, Lord Stanley, K.G., ob. 1459. I Sir John Stanley,=:Elizabeth. Knight Banneret. Thomas Stanley, K.G , cr. Earl of Derby, 1485, ob. 1504. Sir William Stanley, K.G., Chamberlain to the King, ob. 1495. John Stanley, Esq eldest son. Sir Humphrey ; Stanley, Knight Banneret, ob. 1505. Sir Georgb Stanley, K.G., Lord Strange, of Knokyn, ob. 1498. Sir Edward Stanley,=;Flizabeth, da. of Sir K.G., ;r. Lord Montegle, 1514, ob. 1523. Thomas Vaughan, of Tretower, Brecon. Vide p. 31, ante. John Stanley, Esq. Isabel, sole heiress. G 42 ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. The portrait of the Knight, represented upon his tomb arrayed in martial costume, is small and coarsely executed, differing materially from the chaste simplicity observed in the earlier examples of inlaid monuments. He is drawn bareheaded, his long hair hanging most ungracefully, and displaying a countenance of a middle aged man, with no particular expres¬ sion. His hands are raised in a supplicatory attitude, and his feet rest on a plot of ground, covered with verdure. The armour, in which the Knight is cased, appears plain and ponderous, the large pauldrons, or shoulder- pieces, being armed with pass guards, and the elbow-pieces, of vast dimensions. Below the breast-plate, which is ridged in the centre, are tasses, and a skirt of mail, over which are buckled the tuilettes, protecting the bend of the thighs. His legs are armed with cuisses, genouillieres, and jambs, having spurs fixed to the heels without straps. The sollerets upon his feet are unusually broad; the fashion of which growing excessive, probably led to some inconvenience, as in the subsequent reign of Queen Mary, a royal ordinance restricted their width to six inches. Immediately beneath the figure is the following inscription. $ic jacct $umfritm£ £tankp milc£ pro corpore cpccHcnti&simi principle Jpcnrici VII. ftcgip Anglic oin* ofiiit xxv. oic S^arcii anno tint miliimo guigente&Mmo qurto cut aic ppicictur fceu£. 3fmcn. Over the head of the Knight is a shield of four quarterings, bearing, first, the arms of Stanley and Lathom, quarterly; second, Stafford, of Pipe; third, Pipe; fourth, defaced, but was doubtless originally charged with Camville, of Clifton. At the four corners of the slab were four smaller shields, two only of which remain; that at the dexter corner is charged with the arms of Stanley and Lathom, quarterly; and the sinister bears the arms of Stafford, of Pipe. The two shields, at the base of the tomb, are now gone, but it is probable the indents contained the other two quar¬ terings, viz., Pipe and Camville.—Vide p. 40, for the blazon of the whole of the arms upon this monument. % abbey church of Westmiistei. 1‘l.ATF. XU. Araovs 'Tug sAwianAD xiovr oih *$* in BlLLVS ET IPSE BONVS FVIT, ET V1RTVTIS AMATOR ET COLVIT DOCTOS DOCTVS ET IPSE FVIT. Officii cvstos eraxatq^ magister honesti Etbene perfecit mvlta loqvendo parv PATRIAPRVDENTEM, FIDVM REGINA MINISTRY PERDIDIT ET PATREM PAVPER ABISSE GEM IT. Et triatale capvt COLLEGIA MESTARELIQVIT QVALE D1V RVRSVS NON HAB1TVRA REOR AVT EGO DELENI NIMlVfDVM VIVERET ILLVM Avt PATRIEMAGNO CONCIDIT IPSEMALO. cro APVT CANTABRIGIAM P RATE C TVS ET WILLIAM *. SIt .yffcn/imi n/ ij- BILL,©.©. FIRST ©BAM OF WESTMIMSTEB. obi^^Julv. V-, 01 . IN Till-. CHAPEL OF ST BENEDICT Published May. 1 . i3z$. by (?. Hariiuiy. id. Hercules A uiiduufs. I.anibedi. ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 43 PLATE XIL . i THE MONUMENT OF WILLIAM BILL, D.D., Dean of Westminster, ob. 15th July, 1561. IN THE CHAPEL OF ST. BENEDICT. An altar tomb, situated on the west side of St. Benedict’s Chapel, eastward of the South Transept, is covered with a marble slab, inlaid with a portrait in brass, and indents which formerly contained shields of arms, to the memory of Doctor William Bill, the first Dean of Westminster, on Queen Elizabeth’s Foundation. Round the verge is this inscription. HIC JACET GVLIELMVS BILL, SAC RiE THEOLOGIZE DOCTOR, DECAN VS WESTMENASTERII PRIMARIUS, COLLEGII ETONENSIS, COLLEGII TRINITATIS, APVT CANTABRIGIAM, PRiEFECTVS, ET SERENISSIMiE REGINyE ELIZABETII/E SVMMVS ELEIMOSINARIVS, OBIIT XV. JVLII, ANNO SALVTIS MDLXI. In the centre of the slab, on the top of the monument, is the portrait of the Dean, in his Doctor’s gown and hood, with his hands raised as in prayer. The figure, although not very well drawn, is curious, for the costume, and as the only accredited portrait of the learned Prelate, who was one of the persons selected by Queen Elizabeth to restore the “ Book of Common Prayer,”* at her accession to the throne. The Abbot and Monks were finally removed from Westminster, on the 12th of July, 1559, and a Collegiate Church founded by the Queen’s Charter, dated 21st of May, 1560. The Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of Bath and Wells, and the Dean of St. Paul’s, were the Commis¬ sioners who gave possession to the Dean and Prebendaries, and the latter were solemnly installed, on the 30th of June, in the same year. Doctor William Bill, selected by Queen Elizabeth for the first Dean on her Foundation, was born at Ashwell, in Hertfordshire, and completed * The English Liturgy was originally compiled in 1548, and enjoined to be used in all Churches and Chapels, by Act of Parliament. It was carefully reviewed in 1551, by several of the most learned Divines, when the Offices of Ordination, drawn up in 1549, were added to the Liturgy, with a few alterations. The rich vestments of the Romish Church were now laid aside, and the use of the Alb, Cope, and Tunicle, was prohibited ; the Priest being enjoined only to wear a Surplice, and the Bishop a Rochet. The ceremony, also, of placing the Crozier in the hand of the Bishop was omitted. 44 ANTIQUITIES IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. his education at St. John’s College, Cambridge, of which he was admitted Fellow in 1523. In 1542 he was made Greek Professor in that University, and Master of St. John’s College, in 1546. He resigned the latter in 1551, being appointed Master of Trinity College, by King Edjvard VI., on whose death he was expelled by Queen Mary, but was reinstated as soon as Elizabeth ascended the throne. By this Queen he was made Pro¬ vost of Eton College, and constituted her High Almoner.* He enjoyed the office of Dean of Westminster but a short time, as he died 15th of July, 1561. The following commendatory lines are placed under his figure, on the slab. BILLVS ET IPSE BONVS FVIT ET VIRTVTIS AMATOR, ET COLVIT DOCTOS DOCTVS ET IPSE I-’UIT. OFFICII CVSTOS ERAT, ATQ : MAGISTER HONESTI, ET BENE PERFICIT MVLTA I.OQVENDO PARVV. PATEIA PRVDENTEM, FIDVM REGINA MINISTRV. FERDIDIT ET PATREM PAVPER ABISSE GEMIT. ET TRIA TALE CAPVT COLLEGIA MESTA RELIQVIT, QVALE DIV P.VRSVS NON HABITVRA REOR. AVT EGO DELEXI NIMIV, DVM V1VERET, ILLVM ; AVT PAT RIE MAGNO CONCIDIT IPSE MALO. Doctor Bill drew up Statutes for the government of the Abbey Church, which, it appears, had not obtained the Royal assent, at the death of his successor. Dean Goodman, in 1601. At each corner of the monument was formerly a small shield, contain¬ ing arms: these have all been purloined, and the indents only remain. When the drawing for the Plate was made, the shield upon the sinister side, at the top of the slab, was perfect, and contained the arms of Bill, viz., Ermine, two wood-bills in Saltier, on a chief, a pale between two pelicans’ heads, erased, charged with a rose, barbed and seeded. The arms of the Deanery of Westminster, which most probably occupied the dexter shield at the top, are thus blazoned :—Azure, a cross patonce between five martlets, or, on a chief of the last, a pale, quarterly, of France and Eng¬ land, between two roses, barbed, vert, seeded, or. * Doctor Bill was married, and had a daughter Mary, his coheiress, who married Francis Samwell, Esq., of Thorpe, in Northamptonshire, who died in 1585, and was ancestor of Thomas Samwell Watson Samwell, Esq., now of Upton Hall, in that county. INDEX ABBEY, Arms of, 36. Abbey Church, opened, 4. Abbot Esteney, 34. -of Westminster a Lord of Parliament, 37. Abbot's Privileges, 37. Aire, Waldeby, Bishop of, 17. Albemarle, Duke of, 23. Alb the or igin of Surplice, 19. Almonry, 35. Altar Piece removed, 2. -Screen restored, 2, in note. Ambulatory, Monuments in. Abbot Esteney, 34. Sir J. Harpeden, 25. KingSebert’s doubtful, 4. Ancient Pictures in Mus£e Royal, 12. -Works of Art, 2. Anelace, 26. Anne of Cleves’ Monument, 2. Aquitaine, Arms of, 11. Arming Sword, 33. Arms of Abbey, 36. - Aquitaine, 11. - Aspall, 30. - Berners, 30. ■ - Bill, 44. - Bohun, 20,—30, note. - Bourchier, 30. -- Camville, 40. - Cobham, of Cobham, 26. - Cobham, of Starborough, 26. - Confessor, 18. - Deanery of Westminster, 44. -- Edward Conf. 18. -- England, 11. -- Fitz Alan, 22. - France and England, 22. ■ -- Guyenne, 11. - Harpeden, 2, 6. • - Henry II., 11. - Hillary, 31. • -- Lathom, 40. -Louvaine, 30. -- Mandeville, 22. - Milo, Earl of Hereford, 22. Arms of Mortimer, 26. - Pipe, 40. - Plantagenet, 10. - Richard II., 18. — - Stafford, Lord Stafford, 40. — - do. of Bromshall, 40. - do. Abp. of Canterbury, 40. - do. Bp. of Exeter, 40. • - do. of Pipe, 40. - Stanley, 40. • - Strange, 40. - Thomas of Woodstock, 22,23. - Thorp, 30. - Tylney, 30. - Vaughan, 32, 33. • - Warren, 22. -• Westminster Abbey, 36. -- Westminster Deanery, 44. - Woodstock, 22, 23. Arras at Wells, 9. Aspall, Arms of, 30. Audley, House of, 40. Ayloffe' s Account of the Monuments, 3. Baculus Pastoral is, 19. Badge of the Rose en Soleil, 4. Badge of the Rose and Sun, 33. Badges, see Cognizances. Bamville, Sir Philip de, 40. Banneret, Knight, 38. Barb of a Widow, 21. Barony of Berners, 28. -of Cobham, 25. Battle of Barnet, 30. - Bosworth, 38. -- Mortimer’s Cross, 5. Baudrick, 26. Berkynge, Abbot of Westminster, 13. Berners , Lord, 28. -, Arms of, 30. Bill, Arms of, 44. -Dean, 43. Bohun , Arms of, 22,—30, note. ■ -Eleanor, 20. •-Pedigree, 24. Bourchier, Arms of, 30. II INDEX. Bourchier , Sir Humphrey, 28. -Knot, 31. -Pedigree, 29. -, Abp. of Canterbury, 28. Bosworth Field, 38. Brass of Dean Bill, 43. -- Eleanor Bohun, 20. - Sir H. Bourchier, 28. - Abbot Esteney, 34. --Sir J. Harpeden, 25. -,- Sir H. Stanley, 38. - Sir T. Vaughan, 31. - Abp. Waldeby, 17. -Bp. Waltham, 15. Brasses, Sepulchral, 12. Braybrooke, Sir Reginald, 25- Brooke , Sir Edward, Lord Cobham, 25. -, Sir Thomas, 25. Buckingham , Duke of, 23. Camden's Account of Monuments, 3. Camville , of Clifton, Arms, 40. Canopy, Painting upon, 6. Caxton' s Press in the Abbey, 34. Chancel of the Abbey Church, 2. -, Paintings in, 6. Chapels , Monuments in. St. Benedict, 43. St. Edmund the King, 17, 20, 28. St. Edward the Confessor, 15. St. John the Baptist, 31. St. John the Evangeliit, 35. St. Nicholas, 38. St. Thomas of Canterbury, 20. Chasuble , ancient form, 16. Chetwynd , W., murdered, 39. Choir, the Enclosure of, 5. Church opened for Divine Service, 12. Cleves , Anne of, 2. Clifford , Lady Jane’s Monument, 38. Cobham , Lords of, 25. -, Lady, Monument of, 25. -, of Cobham, Arms, 26. •-, of Starborough, Arms, 26. Coffin of Abbot Esteney exposed, 36. Cognizance of Bohun, 21, 23. - of Bourchier, 30, 31. - of Edward IV., 4, 45. - of Thomas of Woodstock, 22. Collar given by Edward IV., 33. .-Thomas of Woodstock, 22 note. Confessor , see Edward Confessor. Consessus Clcricorum, 2. Constable of England, 23. Constantinople , Artists of, 12. Cordelelte , 27 . Courtenay , Abp. Visitation, 15. Couvre Chef, 21. Crest of Bourchier, 31. - of Harpeden, 26. - ofVaughan, 33. Crests , 26. Crouchback , Earl of Lancaster, Monument, 2. Crozier granted to the Abbots of Westminster, 37. -, Use of, abolished, 43. Cuisses , 26. D’Arcy, Lord, Monument of, 13. Deanery of Westminster, Arms of, 44. Death of Sir John Oldcastle, 25. De La Pole, Sir John, 25. Derby , Earl of, 38. Descent of Eleanor Bohun, 24. Devereux, Earl of Essex, Descent of, 29. Dibdin 's Account of Caxton, 34. Dublin , Waldeby, Archbishop of, 17* Duty of a Knight of the Body, 39. Ecclesiastical Figure, Remains of, 9. Edward the Confessor, Painting of, 6. -, Arms of, 18. Eleanor , Queen, Monument of, 6. Elford in Staffordshire, 38. Emaile , 26, note. Enclosure of the Choir, 5. England , Arms of, 11. Epaulieres , 26. Epitaphs by Skelton, 3. Eraclius, 12. Esteney , Abbot, 34. Elhelgod, Queen of Sebert, 5. Eyck, Van, not the Inventor of Oil Painting, 12. Ewe, Earl of, 2S,—30, note. Fanons , 37* Felbrigge , Sir Simon, Monument of, 18. Felix , Historian of the Abbey, 3. Fitz Alan, Arms of, 22. Flanders , Sepulchral Brasses invented, 13. Flete, Historian of the Abbey, 3. Foundation of the Church, 7. Froissart's Chronicle, 28. Fuller's Account of Bishop Waltham, 15. Genealogy , see Pedigree. Genouillieres , 26. Gloucester , Duke of, 23. .-, Duchess of, 20. Gloves granted to the Abbots of Westminster, 37. Guyenne , Arms of, 11. Harpeden , Arms of, 26, •-, Sir John, 25. Hausse Col. 26. INDEX. Slawberke, Sir Nicholas, 25. Heaume , 26. -, Ancient one, 33, note. Hemenclule , Sir Robert, 25. Henry II., Arms of, 11. - HI., Portrait of, 10. •- IV., Descent of Mary, his first wife, 24. Heraldic Terms. Leopard, 10. Molette, 27 . Water Bougctte, 30. Hereford , Earl of, 20, 22. Hillary , Arms of, 31. Holies , Sir George, Monument of, 36. Joane, LadyCobham, 25. Katharine , St., Bequest to, 9. Knight Banneret, 38. Knight of the Body, 38. Knot, Bourchier, 31. Keepe’s Monumenta Westmonasteriensa, 31. Lancaster , Earl and Countess, Monuments of, 2. Lathom," Arms of, 40. Laton, 13. Leopard , an heraldic term, 10. Leopard's Face, 11. -, on the Monument of Eleanor Bohun, 23. Lion, why placed on Monuments, 26. Lions in the Arms of England, 10. Liturgy , English, 43. Louvaine, Arms of, 30. Macula or Molette, 27. Mandeville, Arms of, 22. Mercy, a dagger, 26. Milo, Earl of Hereford, Arms of, 22. Misericorde, 33. Mitra Pretiosa, 19. Mitre granted to the Abbots of Westminster, 37. Molette, 27. Montegle, Lord, 32. Monuments in the Chancel, 2. --, see Brass. Mortimer's Cross, Battle of, 5. --, Arms of, 26. Murder on Tixall Heath, 39. Nom de Guerre of Richard I., 11. Oldcaslle, Sir John, 25. Paintings in the Chancel, 6. Painting in Oil, Invention of, 12. Palettes , 26. Pall of Eleanor Bohun, 20. -an Archbishop, 19. Parliamentary Abbots, 37* Parr, Earl of Essex, Descent of, 29. Pass Guards, 42. Pauldrons, 33. Pedigree of Bohun, 24. -— of Bourchier, 29. - of Stafford, 41. - of Stanley, 41. Pegge’s Curialia, 39. Pictures in Musee Royal, 12. Pilgrim , Legend of, 6. Pipe, Arms of, 40. Plantagcnet, Arms of, 12. Plate Armour, 33, in note. Portraits on Sepulchral Brasses, 14. Portrait of King Sebert, 7. - : — of Henry III., 10. Printing first practised at Westminster, 34. Radclffe, Sir Richard, 32. Raspe's Essay on Oil Painting, 12s. Remains of Ecclesiastical Figure, 9. Rerebras, 26. Richard II., Arms of, 18. Ring of a Bishop, 19, 37. Rivers, Earl, 32. Robert of Gloucester, 8. Robsart , Lewis, K.G., 31. Rozecl, see Spur Rowel. Sarcophagus of Sebert, 4. Scriptorium , 34. Seal of Edward IV., 33. -Henry III., 11. -John, 11. -Richard I., 11. --Earl of Huntingdon, 27. Sebert , King of East Saxons, 8. -Portrait, 7. -Death and Removal of his Body, 5, 8. -Tomb doubtful, 2. Sedilia Parata, 2. Sepulchral Brasses, 12. -.-see Brass. Skelton's Epitaphs, 3. Sollerets, 26, 42. Sporley , Historian of the Abbey, 3. Spur Rowel not the origin of the Molette, 27. Stafford , Lord Stafford, Arms of, 40. --, of Bromshall, Arms of, 40. -, Abp. of Canterbury, Arms of, 40. -■, Bp. of Exeter, Arms of, 40. -, of Pipe, Arms of, 40. Stalls , hung with Tapestry, 9. .S' tan ley, Arms of, 40. •-, Sir Humphrey, 38. -, Pedigree, 41. --, Family, 38. Strange, Arms of, 40. Stratford , Abp. of Canterbury, 19. INDEX. Sulcardus, Historian of the Abbey, 3. Szcan, Badges of, 22, 23. Szsan, the Arms of Mandeville, 22. Supporters of the Bourchier Arms, 31. Tapestry used in the Abbey Church, 9, 10. Tasses , 26. Theodoric dc Prague, 12. Theojilus , Author of Tractatus Lombardicus, 12 . Thomas of Woodstock, Arms of, 22, 23. Thorp , Arms of, 30. Titles of Honor borne by the Bourchicrs, 28. Tixall Heath, 39. Tomb of Sebcrt doubtful, 2. - in the Ambulatory, 4, Tylney , Arms of, 30. -- Sir Frederick. 28. Valence , Earl of Pembroke, Monument of, 2. Van Eyck not the Inventor of Oil Painting, 12. Vantbras , 26. Vaughan , Arms of, 32, 33. Vaughan, Sir Thomas, 31. Vestments of the Abbey Church, 37> note. Visitation by Abp. Courtenay, 15. Ulster, Arms of, 26. Waldeby , Archbishop of York, 17. Walsingham , 8, 16. Waltham, Bishop of Salisbury, 15. - Portrait of, 16. Warren, Arms of, 22. Water Bougettes, 30. West Front of Abbey Church built, 35. Westminster Abbey, Arms of, 36. -Deanery, Arms of, 44. Widmore, Historian of the Abbey, 3. Widozc' s Barb, 21. Will of Eleanor Bohun, 20, 21, note. Wolfe , General, Monument of, 36. Woodstock , Thomas of, Arms, 22, 23. Works of Art, 2. Wurmser de Strasbourg, 12. York , Waldeby, Archbishop of, 18. W. DAVY, Printer, S, Gilbert Street, Oxford street. 0 s f ^ rC>\ lO & o