OYPTIAN POSSESSION OF M.jBfM u^ ^-^^ ^^ ?.T Sao cc ^■Tzi^^ iL(M^vi>p ^M^iet^, I'fWcX^^i Coffin of Nes-Amsu, Egyptian Antiquities. HARRISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY, ST. martin's I.ANE, LONDON. SOME ACCOUNT Collection of bgyptian Antiquities I.V THE POSSESSION OF LADY MEUX, OF THEOBALD'S PARK, WALTHAM CROSS. BY E. A. WALLIS BUDGE, Litt.D, RS.A., Ferr.tcrly Tytwhitt Hebrew Scholar and Scholar of Christ's College, Cambridge, Keeper of the Egyptian ajid Assyrian Antiquities, British Museum. SECOND EDITION. WITH THIRTY-FOUR PLATES, ILonliou : HARRISON & SONS, Printers in 07-dinary to Her Majesty, St. Martin's Laxe. Five hundred copies only printed for private circulation^ of which this is No /.. PREFACE The collections of Egyptian Antiquities of which some account is given in the following pages were acquired by Lady Meux in 1882, 1895-6. They contain a number of very im- portant objects, among which the following are worthy of special note: — (i.) Limestone slabs from tombs of officials who flourished in the IVth and Vth dynasties, and four fine sepulchral stelae inscribed with hymns to the Sun-god from Akhmim. (2.) The. rectangular wooden cofiin of An-heru, inscribed in hieratic with Chapters from the Book of the Dead. This coffin was made in the Xlth dynasty, about B.C. 2600, or earlier, and belongs to the class represented by the Coffin of Amamu in the British Museum. (3.) A magnificently painted coffin of an unnamed member of the confraternity of the priests of Amcn-Ra at PREFACE. Thebes. (4.) The mummy and coffin of Nes-Amsu, the second prophet of the god Amsu, and prophet of the god Khonsu at Apu (the PanopoHs of the Greeks, represented to- day by the modern town of Akhmim in Upper Egypt), about B.C. 350 ; they were presented to Lady Meux in 1886 by the late Walter Ingram, Esq. The mummy is interesting as an example of a body carefully preserved by the use of bitumen ; the coffin is a good specimen of the work of the funereal craftsman of that period, and its value is enhanced by its perfect condition. There is, moreover, every reason for believing that Nes-Amsu was an ancestor, of Nekau, whose sepulchral stele is preserved in Lady Meux's Collection (see No. 51). The designs and colouring and subject matter of the inscriptions recall the work of a much older period, and prove that, in spite of the corrupting influences of the Greek and Persian civilizations, and the imposition of alien manners and customs upon P"g}'pt, and the decay which was slowly undermining her ancient religion, the hand of PREFACE. Vll the artist had not lost its cunning, that the worship of the gods of olden time still held sway, and that the belief in the resurrection of a spiritual body was no vain thing even to the educated Egyptian. In the coffins of An-Heru, and of the priest of Amen and of Nes-Amsu we have three of the finest examples of this class of object belonging to the Ancient and New Em- pires and to the Ptolemaic period respectively. (5.) Double seated limestone figures of Neb-sen and Nebt-ta, XVIIIth dynasty. (6.) Black- granite kneeling figure of Amen-[em]-apt, a scribe, XVIIIth dynasty. (7.) Black granite kneeling figure of lupa, the scribe and architect of the Temple of Amen-Ra at Thebes during the reign of Rameses II., about B.C. 1330. (8.) Head of a black granite statue of Rameses III., King of Egypt about B.C. 1200. (9.) Painted plaster heads witli inlaid eyes, of the Roman period, about A.D. 300. (10.) Wooden boat containing figures of the captain and his crew, consisting of one steersman and twenty rowers, belonging to the Ancient Empire. (11.) A Vin PREFACE. large bronze seated figure of the goddess Sekhet. (12.) A fragment of a wooden box inlaid with ivory, inscribed with the rarely found prenomen and nomen of Rameses X., King of Egypt about B.C. 1150. (13.) A hypocephalus made for Shai-enen, the son of Nes-Nebt-het. (14.) A collection of about eight hundred scarabs and amulets from Abydos. (15.) A bronze libation bucket made for Shashanq, the son of Thehet-Tehuti. This fine specimen of bronze work was probably a votive offering to the deceased by his daughter Nit-aqert (Nitocris). (16.) A blue glazed faience figure of Venus Anadyomene. (17.) Alabaster vase of Pepi L King of Egypt about B.C. 3233, etc. The number of Egyptian Antiquities pre- served at Theobald's Park is about eighteen hundred, and the proportion of first-rate objects of interest is very considerable. E. A. Wallis Budge. London, July 30, 1 89O. LIST OF PLATES. Frontispiece. — The Coffin of Nes-Amsu. The Coffin of An-Heru I. Texts from the coffin of An-Heru ... ... Ia. The Coffin of an unnamed priest of Amen-Ra II. Set of " Canopic " vases III. Sepulchral wooden figures of Isis and Nephthys IV. Wooden figure of Ptah-Seker-Ausar ... ... V. Hypocephalus of Shai-enen ... ... ... VI. Slab from the tomb of Uap ... ... ... VII. Sepulchral Tablet of Tchefa ' ... VIII. Slab from the tomb of Kha ... ... ... IX. Sepulchral Tablet of Ta-khaaa-en-Bast ... IX.\, Sepulchral Tablet of Shashanq IXb. Sepulchral Tablet of Qa-ka-Heru-sa-Auset ... IXc. Sepulchral Tablet of Shumai ... ... ... IXd. Sepulchral Tablet of Nekau X. Sepulchral Tablet of Ta-hebt .. . XI. Sepulchral Tablet of Pet-Bast.. XII. Wooden boat with crew ... ... ... XIII. X LIST OF PLATES. PLATE Figures of Neb-sen and Nebt-ta XIV. Figure of Amen-em-apt, a scribe . . . XV. Figure of lupa, a scribe XVI. Rameses III. ... XVII. Wooden figure of a priest (?) ... XVIII. Figures of Paui and Takharit XIX. Bronze libation buckc-t XX. Bronze mirror XXI. Ushabtiii figures ... XXII. Bronze figures of gods ... XXIII. The goddess Sekhet ... XXIV. Cippus of Horus XXV. Faience figure of Venus Anadyomene ... XXVI. Fainted plaster head from a coffin... ... XXVII. Painted plaster head from a coffin ... XXVIlA. Bronze figure of Isis as Aphrodite ... XXVIII. CONTENTS. Frontispiece — The coffin of Nes-Amsu. Preface ... The Funeral of an Egyptian ... The coffin of An-Heru The coffin of a priest of Amen-Ra at Thebes The mummy and coffin of Nes-Amsu Wooden coffin of a late period Portions of a coffin of the Grseco-Rornan Period Pectorals Canopic vases ... Models of unguent vases Wooden sepulchral figures of and of Ptah-Seker-Ausar Hypocephalus of Shai-enen Papyri ... Sepulchral stelae Wooden boat ... Wooden clamp of Seti I. Seated figure of Sebek-khut Isis, Nephthys, ::} V I 27 30 42 75 77 79 81 83 84 88 95 97 136 139 B 2 xii CONTENTS. PAGE Seated figure of Thothmes in. 140 Seated figures of Neb-sen and Nebt-ta 143 Kneeling figure of Amen-em-apt 148 Part of a statue of Rameses III. 149 Standing figures of Piaui and Takharit 15c Bronze libation bucket 152 Bronze mirror ... :} Bronze vietiat ... 155 Ushabtiu figures 156 Ushabtiu box ... 164 Eg)'ptian gods ... 166 Scarabs ... 185 Amulets, beads, etc. .. 330 Objects of the Graeco-Roman Period... .353 Alabaster vases and vessels and miscellaneo us objects 357 THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. The ancient Egyptian monuments and the hiero- glyphic inscriptions cut upon them show us that the Egyptians, from the earUest dynasties, took the greatest possible care to preserve the bodies of their dead from destructive agencies and decay in the tomb. They learnt, at a very early period, that bodies laid in the earth which forms the soil of Egypt, were rotted by the infiltration of the waters of the Nile, and that to preserve the bodies of their dead from the attacks of birds and beasts of prey, it was necessary to bury them in tombs hewn out of the solid rock in the mountains, on the right and left banks of the Nile. They attempted to arrest the decomposition of the body into its natural elements by the use of drugs, balsams, and aromatic spices ; and there is no doubt that they succeeded admiral)]y in this par- THE FUNl'.RAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. ticular. At what period of their history the Egyptians began to mummify their dead it is impossible to say, but it is known for a certainty that, as far back as we have any knowledge of them, that is to say about P..C. 4000 or 5000, they possessed the art of mummify- ing bodies, and also that, in the case of kings and high officials, they made use of an elaborate system of ritual and sepulture. It is possible, but not pro- bable, that the aboriginal inhabitants of Egypt mummified their dead, but it is generally believed that the necessary anatomical knowledge, and the funeral customs, and the systems of sepulture which we now know were made use of by the Egyptians, were brought with them from their home in Asia. The Eg)'ptian believed'' that mortal man was com- posed of a perishable body called ''^ kha, a genius or "double" '-' ka, the soul ^, ba, and an intelli- gence '^ khu. The ka, or " double," lived in the tomb as long as the body lay there. The soul left the body at death and went wherever it pleased, and passed in and out of the tomb according to its desire. After a period, the length of which is not exactly known, it returned to the body and entered and dwelt therein. It must be understood that only the souls of those who were victorious in the judg- THK FUNERAL OK AN EGYPTIAN. ment after death could re-enter their bodies ; on the other hand it was absolutely necessary that the body should be preserved and kept in a perfect state, in order that it might be a fit dwelling-place for the "perfect soul" on its return. It is clear then that the Egyptians mummified their dead because they believed in the doctrine of the resurrection and im- mortality, and that they spared neither pains nor expense in making their " houses of eternity " meet dwelling-places for the souls who were to live for ever. The name commonly given to the body of a human being, animal, bird, fish, or reptile which has been preserved by bitumen, natron, drugs or spices is MUMMY, and this name is derived, not from the old Egyptian word for an embalmed body, but from the Arabic word for bitumen, munna. The Arabs seem only to have become familiar with that class of bodies which had been preserved entirely by bitumen, and, in consequence, they called every em- balmed body mumiyya, i.e., a " bitumenized thing." From the Arabic the word has passed into all Euro- pean languages, and it is only from the hieroglyphic inscriptions that we learn that the ancient Egyptian word for making a dead man into a mummy was A =1 A ^ 5 or !u==:iD qes, which means literally, THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. " to bandage a dead body." Another Egyptian word for mummy is Sahu I a W v\ Q '^. The Greek historian Herodotus states that the Egyptians mummified the bodies of the dead in three different ways, and that the expense varied according to the system adopted. A later Greek writer, Diodorus Siculus, confirms this statement of Herodotus, and adds that the cost of embalming in the most expensive way was one talent of silver (about ^240), that the cost of the second system was twenty minae (about ^80), and that that of the third was very little indeed. The bodies of the poor were merely steeped in natron for seventy days, and were then carried away for burial to holes dug perhaps in the loose sand of the desert, or to a common burial place or cave in the mountains, where they were piled up in heaps or laid in rows similar to those which may be seen in the mountain caves on the western bank of the Nile opposite to Luxor, the site of the ancient Egyptian Diospolis or Thebes. There is some doubt if the bodies of the poor were steeped in natron for as many days as seventy. In Genesis (1. 3) we are told that the physicians embalmed Jacob, and that " forty days were fiiinUed for liim ; for so are fulfilled the days of embahiiing ; and the Egyptians wept for THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. him threescore and ten days." Now in an Egyptian document we find it stated that the embahning occupied i6 days, the bandaging 35 days, and the burial 70 days, i.e., 121 days in all. Elsewhere we are told that the embalming occupied 66 days, the arrangements for the funeral 4 days, and the burial 26 days, or 96 days in all ; and again we are told that 70 or 80 days are required for embalming and ten months for the burial. It seems nearly certain then that the bodies of the poor were only steeped in natron long enough to dissolve the fleshy parts of the body, and we know that they were buried with a pair of sandals in which to walk in the world beyond the grave, and with a staff or stick to support their steps in the valley of the shadow of death. The task of describing the details of every scene in the embalmment of the body of an Egyptian king or noble would be endless, for apart from the main facts common to the description of all mummies which were made according to the first and second systems of Herodotus, there are in each mummy a number of peculiarities which arose from individual taste or fancy on the part of the embalmers or the relatives of the dead. These, although extremely interesting to the student, need not be considered in describing the process of mummifying a priestly ofificial, scribe, or THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. gentleman living in Thebes about B.C. 1600. Soon after the death of a man his body was taken to the house of the embalmers, and the friends and relatives decided the details of the process and the price to be paid. It seems that the embalmers either formed a grade of the Egyptian priesthood, or that they were a body of men under the control of the priests ; in either case all the ceremonial observances connected with the embalming of a body would be strictly carried out by them, for upon the performance of these depended the welfare of the deceased in the other world. The body was carefully washed and the brains were removed through the nostrils by an iron rod with a hook at the end, but great care was taken not to break the bridge of the nose in the process. The empty skull was then filled with a mixture of coarse spices and resin, or with pieces of linen which had been either steeped in aromatic or astringent substances, or smeared with unguents. When this process was adopted the hair and teeth were preserved. Skulls filled wholly with resin or bitumen are some- times found. On the left side of the body, just over the groin, a line was then traced, along which an opening was made with a knife of flint or metal, and through it the great intestines and heart, etc., were removed. The interior of the body was then washed THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. with palm wine, and the whole hollow was filled with fragrant and preservative spices and gums. A cheaper way of ridding the body of its most easily decaying portions was to inject natron and oil of cedar ; after a certain time the intestines were dissolved and little except the skin and bones remained. In the earlier dynasties the bodies of the dead were preserved by means of natron and bitumen, but in the later dynasties bitumen alone was used. Bodies preserved by bitumen lose their hair, teeth and nails, and the skin and bones become of a dark-brown or black colour. Concerning the fate of the intestines Greek writers have differences of opinion. According to Herodotus they were in many cases destroyed by natron ; and according to Plutarch they were shown to the sun as the cause of all the sins which the deceased had committed, and then thrown into the river ; and Porphyry, confirming the statement of Plutarch, gives the formula which the embalmers used when exposing the intestines before the sun, according to which the deceased begged the sun and the other gods who grant life to man to allot to him an abode with the immortal gods, and confessed that he had worshipped the gods of his country with reverence and fear from his youth up, and that he had neither C 2 8 THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. killed nor injured any man. We now know, however, that after the intestines were taken out of the body they were washed in palm wine, anointed with unguents and sprinkled with spices and gums, and placed in four stone or wooden jars, upon which the covers were firmly fastened. These four jars are usually called Canopic, and this name has been given to them because the early Egyptologists compared them with the jar with small feet, thin neck, swollen body and round back, under which form it is said that Canopus, the pilot of Menelaus, who was buried at Canopus, was worshipped in that city. These jars were dedicated to four genii of the underworld, who were under the protection of four deities, and who represent the four cardinal points ; these genii are called either "children of Osiris," or "children of Horus." The four genii were called : — Mestha. 2. An[](]^ Hapi. 4. /i 51 § |V ^^ XlJ ''^-^^ r/f Qcbhscnnuf. The first jar had the head of a man, and held the stomach ; the second had the head of an ape, and THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. held the smaller intestines ; the third had the head of a jackal, and held the heart ; and the fourth had the head of a hawk, and held the liver. These jars were under the protection of Isis, Nephthys, Neith, and Serqet, and represented the south, north, east, and west respectively. The greatest care was taken to preserve the intestines, for the loss of them, or even of one of them, would deprive the deceased of life in the world to come. After the body from which the intestines were removed had been filled with gums, spices, etc., the cutting in the side was sewn up, and an amulet of the utc/iat '^^^^ or eye of Horus, made of metal, stone, or porcelain, was laid upon it, and a ring, in the bezel of which a scarab was inserted, was placed upon one of the fingers. On the breast of the body, immediately over the heart, or near the Aeck, a green jasper, or green basalt scarab was fixed, either by bandages or by a torque and chain. This scarab was set in a frame of gold, and across the back, and down the back between the wings, were bands of gold. The scarab, or beetle, is the emblem of the god Khepera, who typifies the last moment of night which immediately precedes the first moment of the new day, in other words he typifies the state of matter which is immediately about to come to life. lO THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. or to develop itself from one state of existence into another. The god Khepera, M (1 j) , created him- self, and everything that exists in earth, air and sky from emanations of his own body. He rolled the egg of the Sun across the sky day by day, and the custom which the beetle {AteiicJms Aegyptiorum) has of rolling its eggs made up into a ball along the ground, no doubt suggested this insect as a pictorial representation of the god. Moreover, this class of beetles was thought to consist entirely of males, and this was a further ground for comparing it with the god Khepera. The green basalt scarab intended for the breast of a mummy is inscribed with the 30th chapter of the Book of the Dead, a composition which is said by its rubric to be as old as the time of Mycerinus, a king of the lYth dynasty, about B.C. 3633. This chapter is called, " Chapter of not allowing the heart of a man to be repulsed in the underworld," and has reference to the judgment of a man before Osiris, the king and judge of the dead, when his heart was weighed in a balance. Osiris presided over the scene, and the four children of Horus who protected the intestines of the deceased, stood before him ; and all the great gods were present at the trial. The heart of the man ^, was placed in one pan of the scales, THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. Ii and the feather p , emblematic of right and truth, in the other ; a cynocephalous ape Aj , sat upon the support of the beam to watch the indicator on behalf of Thoth, the scribe of the gods, and to declare to him whether the beam was exactly straight or not ; Thoth inmself stood near to register the result for the gods, and Anubis, the god of the dead, also carefully watched the indicator of the balance in order to dispute the result stated if necessary. Behind these gods stood a beast, part crocodile, part lion, part hippopotamus, called Amemit, or "Eater of the dead," i.e., eater of the damned. On the other side of the scales were present the soul of the deceased, his Shai or "luck," an object connected with his birth, and the two goddesses Renenet and Meskhenet, who presided over his birth and childhood and education. When the heart of the deceased exactly counterbalanced the feather of right and truth, Thoth declared to the gods that the weighing was satis- factory, the gods pronounced the deceased victorious, and he was led into the presence of the god by Horus, son of Osiris, and was free to go wherever he pleased in the underworld. Meat and drink were to be given to him daily, an everlasting estate was to be allotted to him in the Sekhet-Aanre or Elysian Fields, together with the necessary corn and barley for 12 THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. sowing it, and he was to be at liberty to come into the presence of the great god Osiris whenever he wished to do so. The inscription upon the green basalt scarab is an address by the deceased to his heart, and reads : — " O my heart, my mother ! O my heart, my mother ! O my heart of my existence ! May there be no obstacle raised against me in (or by) the evidence. May there be no repulse to me by the children of Ilorus.* Mayest thou not be separated from me in the presence of the Guardian of the Scale. Thou art my double in ray body, the god Khnemu who makelh my limbs sound and healthy. Mayest thou come forth to the felicity to which we go thither. May the Shenit who make men to be es- tablished not overthrow our name. May the god Setem cause us double joy of heart when deeds and words are tried in the balance. May no falsehood 1)6 uttered against me near the god in the presence of the great god, the lord of the under- world. How great art thou rising up in triumph ! " When the amulet utchat ^^, the ring, and the large green scarab had been placed upon the body, pieces of obsidian were laid in the sockets of the eyes, the nostrils were plugged with pledgets of linen, and the bandaging of the body began. Each bandage had a special name, and upon each was drawn in ink * Or the deities who attend upon the great gods. THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. 1 3 a figure of the god who was beheved to take under his protection that part of the body around which it was to be twined, and certain words invoking his aid were written by his side. While the bandaging was going on, one of the embalmers recited formulae containing addresses to the gods who presided over the different limbs of the body. The bandages were made of linen, and varied in width from three to ten inches ; one edge of each was gummed. They were dipped in water and then turned deftly around the fingers and toes, and the gummed edges caused them to adhere to each other. The hands and arms and feet and legs were next treated, and when pads of linen had been laid above the feet to prevent the breaking of the mummy when made to stand upon its feet, and upon other parts of the body, the head and face, the back and shoulders, and the abdomen (upon which the arms and hands had been made to lie) and legs, were bound round with bandages made of many folds of linen, which were kept in their places by narrow strips of linen wound round the body at intervals of six or eight inches. When the body had been bound up in all the horizontal and perpendicular bandages prescribed by the embalmers' directions, it was sewn up in a piece of thick coarse linen over which a pinkish-brown fine 14 THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN linen covering was tied, and the bandaging was com- plete. Sometimes passages and whole chapters from the Book of the Dead were inscribed upon the bandages, and often amulets were laid between them. The principal amulets were the red jasper buckle A , which typified the blood of the goddess Isis, and which was laid upon the neck; the tet ^, emblem of the god Osiris ; the vulture ^;^, an emblem of the protection of Isis ; the collar ^^^j which was laid on the neck of the deceased; the 7iafch sceptre |' emblem of a renewed and vigorous life ; the pillow ^^P"^' ^° "^^^^ "P" ^^^ ^^'^^ °f t^^ mummy; the heart "O", emblem of the conscience; the crux ansata ^^ emblem of life ; the two ufc/iafs, one facing to the right ^^, and the other to the left ^^, but both symbolizing "good health"; the nefer L emblem of " good luck " ; the sheti Q, emblem of the sun's course in the sky; the rising sun in the horizon rCh , the ?ne7idt (w/ , symbol of joy and health ; the ?ieha [p", emblematic of "protection"; the frog 5^, meaning " myriads," and "renewed life"; the serpent's head, emblematic of the opening of the mouth and eyes of the deceased in the underworld ; and the two fingers. In the earliest period of the history of Egypt the method of embalming seems to have been less THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. 15 elaborate, and the bandages are neither so numerous, nor are they so well or so carefully put on the body. The greatest perfection in embalming was reached at Thebes about b.c. 1700. The mummies of this period are beautifully made, and all the limbs are pliant and may be handled without breaking. About B.C. 1000 it became the fashion to put the mummy into a brightly painted cartonnage case, which was fastened up the back by sewing. About b.c. 350, the Egyptians began to put the head of the mummy into a gilded mask, and to lay a hollow-work carton- nage pectoral upon the breast. The use of bitumen in the process of embalming became more frequent and extensive, and the decorations consisted of poorly written texts badly copied, and distorted figures of the gods and mythological scenes. In the Gr^co- Roman period the whole mummy was sometimes covered with a thin layer of plaster upon which imitations of ancient Egyptian mythological scenes were painted in bright colours or gold ; the inscrip- tions are sometimes written in Greek. In the early centuries of this era the outer coverings of mummies of wealthy people were made of silk ; examples of these are found chiefly at Akhmim (Panopolis). The mummy of a high priestly ofificial, or gentleman, at Thebes in the XVIIIth dynasty was laid in a D 2 l6 THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. sycamore wood coffin made in the form of a mummy, i.e., the god Osiris. The bottom and each side were made of single pieces of wood pegged together, and the rounded head-piece was cut out of a solid block of wood. A face carved out of very hard wood and a pair of hands were pegged on to the cover, and a solid foot-piece was also firmly fastened to it. In the face obsidian eyes and bronze eye-lids were sometimes inlaid. The inside and outside of the coffin were covered with a thin layer of plaster, upon which the artist and scribe painted in bright colours mythological scenes, figures of the gods, addresses to the deceased by the gods, and their answers, and extracts from chapters, or whole chapters of the Book of the Dead. The outside of the cover was ornamented in a similar manner, but the inside was usually left plain, and in such cases a flat, thin, wooden covering, made the exact shape of the mummy, and having a carved face and painted with inscriptions and mythological scenes, was laid immediately upon the mummy. The cover was fastened to the coffin by wooden dowels, through which pegs were driven, and the space between the coffin and the cover was filled up with liquid plaster. The mummy with its coffin was then placed in a large, heavy, wooden coffin, made in the same shape, and THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. 17 painted much in the same way, and was ready for burial. The scenes painted upon Egyptian papyri and tombs illustrate with great detail the funeral proces- sion, a brief description of which is as follows :— The coffin containing the mummy was placed in a boat built on a sledge, and, escorted by priests, mourners, wailing women, and attendants carrying funereal furniture, offerings, etc., was drawn to the river bank by oxen. Here the procession embarked, and in a short time arrived at the western bank, in the mountains of which the Egyptians usually built their cemeteries. Then the procession was re-formed and began to make its way to the mountains opposite Thebes. The mummy upon its bier was drawn along by oxen guided by drivers, and in front of it walked the sem priest wearing bis characteristic dress the panther's skin, burning incense and pouring out liba- tions as he went. Behind followed other priestly officials, and near them came attendants bearing a couch, a chair, vases of unguents, flowers, offerings of meat and drink, sepulchral boxes, and other objects, the number and variety of which depended upon the wealth and position of the deceased. In the company was a band of women who uttered cries of grief, and struck their faces and breasts with their hands. l8 THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. When the procession had arrived at the tomb, the mummy or a statue of the deceased was placed in an upright position before the door in order that the relatives might take their final farewell of him, and the ceremony of "opening the mouth " be performed. Tables loaded with offerings of cakes, beer, fruit, flowers, etc., were laid out before him, and a bull was slaughtered; an attendant called the "butcher" then cut off one of its haunches, and brought it and held it to the nose of the statue. The scdi priest next took four instruments, and with each in its turn touched its mouth and eyes, while the kher-heh priest, having his hair whitened, read the portions of the funereal ritual appropriate to each act from a roll of papyrus. The eyes and the mouth of the deceased had been closed by the process of embalming, and unless the use of these members was restored to him he could neither see nor speak in the netherworld. The son priest by touching the mouth and the eyes of the statue with the iron instruments made in the shape of r> — ., did for the deceased what certain of the gods did for the dead god Osiris \ he thereby regained the use of his intelligence, and was able to talk with tlie gods. After the ceremony of "opening the mouth" had been performed, the lips of the statue were anointed with oil, a number of boxes of purifi- THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. 1 9 cation and an ostrich feather were offered to it, and it was draped in the nevies cloth ( ; the kher-heb read meanwhile the proper passages from the liturgical roll. After the slaughter of another bull and the pre- sentation of a number of offerings the funereal cere- mony was complete. The form of the Egyptian tomb varied at different periods. Among the poorest classes it was cus- tomary to bury the bodies of the dead in graves dug in the sand, or in shallow holes made in soft lime- stone, or in caves, where hundreds of bodies were laid together. In the early dynasties the Egyptians built their tombs at Sakkarah in the form of heavy rectangular buildings, the walls of which slanted in- wards towards their common centre ; these structures vary in size from 170 ft. x 90 feet x 30 ft. to 26 ft. X 20 ft. X 13 ft., and are built of brick and stone. The name commonly given to a tomb of this description is 7/iastaba, because it resembles the "bench" upon which Orientals recline and sleep. The interior of the mastaba tomb consists of three parts, the upper chamber, the serddb, and the pit. In the upper chamber, opposite the door, which is on the east side, is a stele, at the foot of which is usually a stone altar with offerings upon it. The serddb is a hollow, built in the thickness of the wall. THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. in which a stone statue was placed ; sometimes this hollow is covered up with flat stones, but sometimes a narrow passage a few inches wide leads from it to the upper chamber, and it is thought that it was made intentionally to allow the smoke of the incense to penetrate to the statue within the hollow in the masonry. The pit was a perpendicular shaft which led from the upper chamber to the sarcophagus chamber, which was hewn out exactly beneath it. This chamber was approached through a small pas- sage just sufficiently large to allow the sarcophagus to pass along it. When the mummied body had been laid in the sarcophagus, with perhaps a pillow ^, and a few vases, the cover was fastened on by cement, the passage leading to the sarcophagus chamber was walled up at the end which opened into the pit, and the pit was filled up with stones and sand. The walls of mastabas are frequently ornamented with scenes which had taken place in the life of the deceased, and with representations of the making of funereal offerings, which are explained by short hiero- glyphic inscriptions. Other forms of tombs in use among the Egyptians during the earlier dynasties w^ere the Pyramids, which were reckoned among the wonders of the world. The largest or Great Pyramid of Gizeh was built THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. 21 by Cheops, the second king of the IVth dynasty, about B.C. 3733 ; the Second Pyramid of Gizeh was built by Chephren, the third king of the IVth dy- nasty, about B.C. 3666 ; and the Third Pyramid of Gizeh was built by Mycerinus, the fourth king of the IVth dynasty, about B.C. 3633. The pyramids at Sakkarah, Abusir, Dahshur and other places usually formed the tombs of kings and of members of the royal families of Egypt. The tombs of Upper Egypt during the Xllth and following dynasties were built in modified forms of the mastaba, and always contained the equivalents of the upper chamber, serdab, and pit, whatever might be the order of their arrangement. They were usually hewn out of the mountains, but whenever a stony plain was near at hand, as in the case of Abydos, the Egyptians dug tombs therein. The finest examples of tombs hewn out of the solid rock are found at Thebes, and of these the most remarkable are those of the kings of the Middle Empire. They consist of long slanting corridors, terminating in halls and chambers, the walls and ceilings of which are ornamented with inscriptions, mythological scenes, figures of the gods, etc., all painted with admirable taste in brigxit colours. Of tombs of high officials those of Rekh-ma-Ra, Nekht, THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. and Peta- Amen -apt may be taken as excellent examples. Excavations and discoveries in Egypt have sho\Yn that tombs were used over and over again, and that it is possible to find pottery and other objects, which were made at a period after B.C. 550, in a tomb, the walls of which are covered with inscriptions and scenes which prove that it was made for an ancient Egyptian official who lived during the rule of the Vlth dynasty, some 3000 years before. It seems to have been the custom not to erase the inscriptions, etc., provided for the first occupant of a tomb, but there is no doubt that his body was removed to another place, and so made way for a successor. The circumstances under which such removals were made are not known, but it is probable that the priests by right took possession of tombs upon the extinction of the family to which the dead who were buried in them belonged, or by purchase when the surviving relatives could not afford to pay for the customary funereal offerings, which it was their duty to present at certain seasons of the year. Another danger which menaced the peace of the occupant of the tomb arose from thieves, who if they did nothing worse, forced open the cofifin and carried off all objects made of gold or precious stones, and such THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. portions of the funereal paraphernalia as could be sold for other burials. In the XXth dynasty the govern- ment of Egypt was obliged to prosecute a number of men who devoted their lives to breaking into the tombs of the kings at Thebes and robbing them, and there seems little doubt that the removal of the bodies of kings and members of royal families to Der el-bahari arose from the existence of an organized party of malcontents, whose wish was to loot the splendid tombs where the kings of old slept their last sleep. Tombs which were found with com- parative ease were wrecked and robbed by invaders of Egypt, the Persians and others, but it is probable that the greatest harm was done to many of them by the fanatical Egyptian Christian ascetics who took up their abode in them. In the mythological scenes and figures of gods which were painted on the walls they saw heathen abominations and devils ; and in the statues of the dead which loving friends had placed in the tombs they saw idols which their zeal prompted them to destroy utterly. Sometimes these recluses lived in tombs in which hundreds of mummies were piled up, either with or without coffins, and there are legends extant from which we learn that certain very holy men held con- versations with mummies, and that they promised 24 THE rUNLRAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. to pray to Christ to release them from the Gehenna of fire. On entering an Egyptian tomb one of the first objects visible was a slab of stone, usually rounded at the top, upon which was inscribed a figure of the deceased adoring a god or gods, and below was an inscription in hieroglyphics setting forth his rank and position, and containing prayers to the gods Osiris and Anubis that they would grant to him sepulchral offerings of food, drink and clothing. Here is a specimen of a prayer from a stele. " May Amen-Ra, lord of the thrones of the North and South, Ptah- Seker-Osiris, Un-nefer, lord of the passages of the tomb, grant a royal oblation. May they grant sepul- chral meals, and oxen and ducks, and linen bandages, thousands of all good and pure things, thousands of all sweet and choice things, the gifts of heaven and the products of the earth which the Nile bringeth forth from his storehouses. May they grant the breathing of the sweet breezes of the north wind, the eating of bread, the gathering of flowers, and the receiving of food in felicity from the produce of the Elysian Fields. May I walk upon the everlasting road of the beautiful dead, the genii, and the noble ones, making whatsoever transformations I please among the followers of Un-ncfer, and going in and THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. 25 coming forth from the underworld. May my soul be not turned back when it ariseth to come forth, may it come forth as a living soul, may it drink water drawn from the depths of the river, may it receive the cakes of the lord of eternity, may it come into the presence of the god every day. May my soul light upon the branches of the trees which I have planted, may I refresh my face beneath my sycamores, and may I have my mouth wherewith I may speak like the followers of Horus." Sepulchral inscrip- tions are often of the highest importance, for they record historical facts which would otherwise be unknown. Another important object in the tomb was the ushabti figure, which was placed either in a special box or upon the floor, and was intended to perform for the deceased wliatever agricultural work he might be called upon to carry out in the underworld. The ushabti figure is made of granite, diorite, limestone, painted terra-cotta, faience glazed blue, green, brown or white, wood and other substances. It is made in the form of a mummy with its hands folded upon its breast ; in one hand it holds a mattock, or hoe, and in the other the cords of a basket, which it carries over one shoulder. The inscriptions are either cut or traced upon it in ink in the hieroglyphic 26 THE FUNERAL OF AN EGYPTIAN. or hieratic characters : the text is that of the Vlth chapter of the Book of the Dead. In or with the niummy in its coffin, or in a separate place in the tomb, was placed a roll of papyrus inscribed in the hieroglyphic or hieratic characters, with a number of chapters selected from the great collection of religious texts to which the name of " Book of the Dead" has been given. In Egyptian its name is ^ m \\ per em /iru " [The Book of] coming forth by day," and it is said to be the work of the god Thoth. This book contains hymns to the gods, formulae which will enable him to overcome the beings who would attempt to impede his progress in the underworld, prayers to the great gods in that region, and texts to be inscribed upon amulets, ushabtiu figures, etc. Extracts from it were written upon bandages, coffins, sarcophagi, the walls of the tomb, and other objects, and these gave the persons for whom they were written power to overcome all foes and obstacles. u. O O No, I. THE COFFIN OF AN-HERU.* 1. Rectangular wooden 'coffin of An-heru, a high priestly official, who flourished at Thebes about B.C. 2600. The cover and coffin are formed of pieces of wood about three inches thick, which are joined together by pegs, and save for a few marks of the tools which were employed to force open the coffin in modern times, are in a perfect state of preservation. The inscriptions on the outside are in hieroglyphics painted green, and the edges of cover, sides, and ends are decorated with a black and white border. The inside of the cover is quite plain, but that of the coffin is covered with lines of inscriptions in hieroglyphics which contain prayers for funeral offerings ; pictures of objects which form funeral offerings, and articles of personal apparel; and a number of chapters of a very ancient version of the Book of the Dead, written in hieratic. The titles of the chapters are in red. Along the bottom of the * See Plate I. 28 THE COFFIN OF AN-HKRU. coffin, painted in blue, flows the celestial Nile lUHiUl . At the bottom of the right side of the coffin, both inside and outside, are the two utchats ^^. On the cover is a perpendicular line of hieroglyphics which reads : — \ A suten ta o^ D hetep "^ir^ I 1 ^s Anpu neb Sepa May give a royal offering Atiubis, lord of Sepa,'* (i 1 3 xent neter het her-ab Re - sta dcvelling in the divine house within Re - sta. W}^ D t'a - f pet sam - nef May he sail forth over heaven^ >nay he unite with "is 5^^ ta ar - f en neter aa neb the earth, may he ascend to the great god, the lord I.e., the I Sill nonie of Upper Egypt. Plate I. A LEFT SIDE. A^*^i^s^^AaBf,TlPiJ-kSl:2\^l^!:& 51 ® II 1^ 1 O 111 RIGHT SIDE. ,A^ \izmm'':fiiLLit:;inK:;?MT\^EU:^ J 1 a o 1^ ^ HEAD. FOOT. .,\ <:z^> l\ Bp /WVVVV Length 7 ft. 3 in., widtli i ft. 1 1 in., deplli i fl. 11 in. THE COFFIN OF AN-HERU. 29 D O j^ pet em amax An-heru maaxeru. of heaven^ with veneration, An-Berti, triumphant. From Thebes. 6 ft. 3 in. x i ft. 10 in, x i ft. 6 in. The inscriptions which decorate the outside of the coffin contain prayers to Osiris, Isis, Nephthys, and Anubis for sepulchral offerings, and statements that the deceased is held in veneration by Seb, Nut, Shu, " the great god of heaven," and by the four children of Horus. The hieroglyphics are arranged as on Plate Ia. I No. 2. coffin of a priest of Amen.* THE COVER. 2. Coffin and cover of an unnamed priest of Amen-Ra, painted with mythological scenes and explanatory inscriptions, which belong to a period between B.C. looo and B.C. 700. The cover, like the coffin, is ornamented with mythological scenes and inscriptions, usually painted in red, light and dark green upon a yellow ground. The pupils of the eyes and the whiskers are black, the nose is perforated, and the ears are well carved ; the beard is wanting. A heavy head-dress falls on each side of the face, and under the ends are solid wooden hands which are pegged on to the breast ; the pectoral is elaborately painted to imitate rows of * See Plate II. Pla & Coffin of an Unnamed Priest of Amen-Ra. with Mythological Scenes and Explanatory Inscriptions. From Der el-baharI. Between B.C. 1000 and 700. I COFFIN OF A PRIEST OF AMEN. precious stones or coloured glazed fdmice beads, a row of flowers being outermost. Beneath the pectoral are : — winged disk with uraei ; deities seated on each side of the beetle, wearing triple crown, with Isis and Nephthys winged ; the goddess Nut with outstretched wings, above which are winged uraei ; seated deities on each side of the beetle wearing the triple crown ; the god of millions of years holding palm branches ; the deceased making offerings to Anubis; and the spaces between these scenes are filled up with pictures in which the deceased and his soul are seen in converse with various deities, and making offerings unto them. Immediately beneath are the following scenes and inscriptions : — 1. Isis, winged, standing before Osiris, who is seated on a throne. 2. Osiris and Anubis seated one on each side of O- 3. Isis and Nephthys, in the form of winged ursi, one on each side of the standard emblematic of Osiris. 4. Two hawk-headed gods seated one on each side Of Q. 5. Two apes adoring the sun on the horizon [O]. 32 COFFIN OF A PRIEST OF AMEN. ili^l-,^ I I I I Ki:^ (Ci 111 o (2 A\7 O U !♦ O D Ld [IT] (si'c) , ;C^;ir=n: O I tO)"^^^-')!!^ >>o ^ in O ^' c^ D=0= 111 ill mimTa-o\ F ^ zcx. ( J 1 /www L f°'' "^'"«- J lo, II. The deceased adoring Osiris. 12, 13. The deceased adoring Tmu. 14, 15. A hawk-headed deity with table of offerings. 16, 17. Anubis seated on a throne, and mythological emblems, The inscriptions in paragraphs 6 and 7 contain COFFIN OF A PRIEST OF AMEN. 33 prayers to Ra, Isis, and Nephthys that sepulchral ofiferings may be made to the deceased. On the edges of the cover are two lines of hieroglyphics which read : — u /Ci D O I %.^^:ii^s^ W 1' rv^-^ urzn 1-™-^" 1 ? rv^^^ r ^T^j-i^:ir; ®fi_^ iS^iii 1 I AAAAAA 4»— /WWW 34 COFFIN OF A PRIEST OF AMEN. O D -S^ The above inscriptions are prayers that Ra and Osiris will give to the deceased abundant sepulchral offerings, and they contain some interesting titles of these gods. THE COFFIN— OUTSIDE. Beautifully painted coffin of a member of the con- fraternity of Amen-Ra, king of the gods, at Thebes, made probably between B.C. looo and B.C. 700, in imitation of the coffins in which members of the order in the XVIIIth dynasty were buried. Though exceedingly bright the colours are very harmonious, and the accuracy of the drawing and the excellence of the execution make this beautiful object one of the most striking of its class. The inside of the cover, and both inside and outside of the foot are unpainted. At the head is painted in outline a deity wearing a disk rising out of the top of the buckle m ; on each side is a TT /e/, surmounted by the crown [^ . The upper edge of the coffin is ornamented by a series COFFIN OF A PRIEST OF AMEN. 35 of uraei 0i(ihKi8|8i- O" the right side, beneath this line, is an inscription, partly defaced, which reads : gikii:4^:y ■=1 <3^ Q\JX O An '"-'■ ^ \\ ^37 ® 111 111 I ^ U o A A y^tyj 'vZv' I P=^ -- P Q JTL 5. <=! I^-^"^ I n n IW] I A i] ,— ^^ Hit:Tiy " [May all the gods] dwelling in Hermonthis, and " Ptah-Seker, the lord of the hidden place, and Isis " the great lady, the divine mother, the daughter of " Ra, the mistress of Amentet, grant thee a following " of the lords of the underworld, triumphant, as unto " the followers of Horus. May the underworld and " the pylons thereof be opened to thee, mayest thou " go in among the divine company like the shining •* ones who live in Tattu, and may they grant thee 36 COFFIN OF A PRIEST OF AMEN. '* offerings of tchefa food, oxen, ducks, incense, linen " bandages, wax, honey, and every [good] thing of " heaven and of earth. And may Osiris, the lord of " eternity, who liveth among those of the east and " those of the west, grant to the Osiris the libationer " and reader of the place of truth offerings and " funeral meals." The scenes below this line are as follows : — 1. The deceased adoring Osiris. 2. Isis, winged, and a god seated in a shrine ; _. , — ^ — J .-- _ Q - the inscription reads : ^/\^^ [jl , "May Ra-Harmachis and Tmu, lord of the " lands of Heliopolis, grant a royal offering." 3. Nephthys, winged, and a god ; the inscription reads: ^qq °» — — "-« 4. The deceased, making offerings to a seated jackal-headed god wearing Xi ; a jackal-headed god and the goddess of the west making offerings to a seated god. The inscriptions read : i. c >- ns: nrzj CO Do _, ^AAAAA ^^ * " Honourable before Ptah-Seker, the lord of the hidden place " (or underworld). COFFIN OF A PRIEST OF AMEN. 37 5. A U sunnounted by ^^A. , Osiris seated with a table of offerings before him, and a hawk-headed god. The inscriptions read : i. '^ [1[1 a/<^.va p. ^::zi;7 o W )1 A ^=^ oT\\ X R=q ■■■ ^.=_ o D 6. The deceased (?) and a deity standing by a table of offerings placed before a seated god. The inscrip- C —^ r-^Y-i tions read: i. ^^UJJ'^^^v^ ^^ — v_^ ^ I 7. The funeral mountain forth the cow of Hathor, with horns, disk and plumes 7. The funeral mountain , from which comes * " Honourable before Osiris, the lord of eternity, the dweller " in the underworld." t " Saith Ra-Heru-xuti, ' South and north come to thee : " may the lord of heaven and earth grant thee offerings of •' ichefa food and oxen,' " X " Honourable before Ra-Harmachis-Tmu, the lord of the " Temple." § " Honourable before Ptah-Seker, the lord of the hidden " place." 11 " Saith Osiris, dweller among those who are in Amentet." 38 COFFIN OF A PRIEST OF AMEN. upon her head. By the side of a table of offerings stands the goddess Maat, ^ , holding a sistrum ; above are four souls carrying •¥- . The inscriptions read : i. llT^ and 2 ^t D W^ 1^^"^ ^ D i4mr:^ /WV^AAA r 1 written twice. On the left side, beneath the row of uraei, is an inscription which reads : — IXo I'b^ri^-.^^^^^O D I I la.::^) lull 111 ^ 3 'vT^o ci^ Q \0 i 1^^-^ H 20 ^J\ ij^ III' j,^m^.-^i\^ri^^%. r=Qi * "May Ptah-Seker, the lord of Ta-tcheser, grant " t "Honoured by Osiris, the lord of eternity, the dweller in " the underworld." COFFIN OF A PRIEST OF AMEN. 39 " May Ra-Harmachis-Tmu, dweller in Hermonthis, " and Ptah-Seker, the lord of the hidden place, dweller " in the Great House, and Anubis, who dwelleth in " the divine hall, the chief reader of the hidden place, " the great god in the town of embalmment, and " Nephthys the divine sister, and Isis, the great lady, "the divine mother, the mistress of Amentet, grant " [me] sepulchral offerings of U/ie/a food, oxen, ducks, " incense and wax. May they grant that [my] soul " may go in and come out to see the disk and to " follow Seker in his daily festivals round about *' Memphis, and the power of going in and of walking " about in the presence of the lords of the underworld, *' and may Osiris the lord of eternity, the dweller in " Amentet, weave for me a garland of flowers to put " on my neck on the day of the festival." The scenes below this line are as follows : — 1. Osiris seated on a throne, Isis, Horus on a standard, and the deceased (?). 2. Isis, winged, and a god seated in a shrine. 3. Nephthys, winged, and a god seated in a shrine. 4. The deceased making offerings to Anubis, and G 2 4° COFFIN OF A PRIEST OF AMEN. the goddess of the West making ofierings to a seated god (tlie deceased ?). 5. A relative (?) of the deceased making offerings to the deceased and his wife. 6. The deceased holding the sceptre y and address- ing Ra-Harmachis in the presence of Anubis. 7. A dog-headed ape seated on a throne, before which stand three goddesses wearing disks ; the first holds J\ , the second L and the third 1 . The perpendicular inscriptions begin with J*^ H and \> m ^^^^ , followed in each case by the name of the god or goddess depicted in the scenes to which they refer. THE COFFIN— INSIDE. On the bottom of the coffin are the following scenes : — 1. The heavens f=^, winged disk, and beetle wearing triple crown ; on each side is the legend ^ ^=^1:7^;=^, " Behutet, lord of heaven." 2. Full length figure of a king wearing triple crown and holding flail ^\ and crook [ , and standing on '^n^. 3. On the right, the deceased, Anubis, the de- ceased (?) seated holding •¥-, dog-headed ape and the COFFIN OF A PRIEST OF AMEN. 4 1 On the left, urseus with disk, vulture, winged urceus, hawk-headed deity (Osiris) seated, and "¥",»)) etc. 4. A heaven of stars, U(i)|(||]Tf|]() a row of uraei with disks. 5. A standard rising from Q, with collar and w^««/; on one side is Isis and on the other Nephthys. At the head of the coffin is Horus-behutet with outstretched wings ; on each side is the legend Right side : — i. Isis the divine mother offering a collar and a menat to Ra ; the legend reads J A 2. Row of ursei with disks and three gods, human- headed, hawk-headed and snake-headed respectively ; above is the legend (I Q 1 1 fUll "^^^^ • 3. A heaven of stars and three gods, human-headed, jackal-headed and dog-headed respectively ; above is the legend ()^']{|'^'^^^- Left side : — i. Scene similar to right side No. i. 2. Three gods with the legend (I ^ \ ) [[[|] 3. Scene similar to right side No. 3. From Der- el-bahari, Thebes. Length 6 ft. 2j in. No. 3. THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. Wooden coffin, in the form of a mummy standing upon a pedestal, made for Nes-Amsu, a priest and prophet of the god Khonsu at Apu,* about B.C. 300. This fine example of coffin manufacture at Pano- polis is decorated with a number of scenes and in- scriptions, the greater number of which are painted in red, light and dark green, white, blue and black upon a light yellow ground. The designs are charac- terized by great freedom and boldness, and the accurate drawing of many of them calls to mind the finest Theban work of the XVIIIth or XlXth dynasty. The hieroglyphics have, at times, almost a cursive * The Panopolis of the Greeks, and Akhnilm of the Arabs. This city, which is situated about 320 miles south of Cairo in Upper Egypt, was celebrated for its linen manufacture, and for the skill of its inhalntants in cutting and polisliing precious stones. THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. 43 form, and the greater number of them are traced in outline. The head-dress is painted a dark green, the face and ears are gilded, and the eyelids and eyebrows are inlaid with that kind of blue glass which is charac- teristic of the period subsequent to the XXVIth dynasty. Over the forehead is painted a beetle, the wings of which are extended, and they bend down round the sides of the face ; above the beetle is shen Q, the emblem of the circuit of the sun, or eternity. The beard was broken by the Arabs, but it has now been repaired. The breast of the mummy is ornamented with a pectoral painted to imitate rows of lotus and other flowers, and pointed pendants, etc., hanging from a bar which is intended to represent inlaid work ; from each end of this bar rises a head of the hawk of Horus surmounted by a disk painted red and a urgeus sQ . The space to the right and left of the pectoral and immediately beneath it is filled with the following : — 1 . A kneeling figure of Nut with outstretched wings and arms, wearing a disk upon her head ; in each hand she holds an ostrich feather p. 2. The utchat facing to the left ^^, and the ntchat facing to the right ^^ (these are typical of the two eyes of the Sun, for the one is the emblem of the Sun 44 THE MUMMV AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. and the other of the Moon) ; the ram of Mendes ^^, wearing horns, disk and plumes [^ , standing upon a support *"^i^ ; and the emblems of the East and the West, -k and ^. Arranged in perpendicular lines over the left breast of the coffin is an inscription which informs US that the deceased Nes-Amsu, | "" "f ^, held the dignity of — ••— A/^ seiitcheb, and also that he was the second priest of the god Amsu. From the other texts on the coffin we learn that he was also a priest of Khonsu. He was the son of Pa-senetchem-ab, the grandson of Tche-hra, and the great-grandson of Ara ; all these gentlemen had held the same rank and had performed the same duties in the temple of Amsu. His mother's name was Ta-ta-khensu-i, and she was a sistrum-bearer in the temple of Amsu. The inscrip- tion is an address to the goddess Mer-sekhet, a form of Hathor (?), and reads : " Hail [to thee], O mighty one in heaven, daughter of Ra, turner back of the Fiend, mistress of wrath, [lady of] Manu, regent (?) in the Mountain of the Underworld, lady (?) of life, Mer-Sekhet, mistress of sceptres and sistra, lady of the meniit* president of the Great Double House, THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. 45 who maketh protection for her brother with breath and food(?), and who maketh his body to become young again every thirtieth day, make thou protection for Osiris, the seutcheb, the second priest of Amsu, Nes-Amsu, triumphant, son of Pa-senetchem-ab (who held a hke office), and the lady, the sistrum-bearer of Amsu, Ta-khens-i, triumphant ! May his limbs be gathered together for him, may his body be again knit together for him, and may he be victorious over [his] enemies. Come thou, and grant that his soul may be mighty in his body, do thou overthrow for him all his enemies, overcome for him, let them never rise up against him, let them never come against him to attack him." The hieroglyphic text reads : — qt^-^r.?^-^^- AAA»\A r. w I /^ A\'VSAA K ar-. c^K ^ -<2>- ■'?^ ~!!~ n ^ II -=ion=- ^-^ <'°i=> 46 THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES AMSU. O I , ■ -. . /VvWNA n ? ij.-^ C=«>=3 O ^/R I I (J U v\ V^^ o I ^ — n .^ 7^ + RAAAAA I > I ra y^ Arranged in perpendicular lines over the right breast of the coffin is an inscription which runs : — •' Behold Osiris, the seiitcheb, the second prophet [of Amsu], the prophet of Khonsu, Nes-Amsu, trium- phant, the son of the seuicheb, the second prophet of Amsu, Pa-senetchem-ab-en-ast, triumphant, the son of the sistrum-bearer of Amsu, Ta-khens-i, triumphant ! "Stand thou up, Horus grant that thou mayest stand up. May the god Seb grant that he may see his lather in thee, in thy name of ' Prince of the Temple.' May Horus grant to thee all the gods, may he make thee to ascend to them, and may THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF KES-AMSU. 47 they make brilliant thy face. Horus hath given to thee thy two eyes that thou mayest see with them. Horus hath given to thee thy enemies beneath thee, and he hath raised thee up there. Through him thou shalt never be cast down. Come thou to thy place [for] the gods have knit thy body together." The hieroglyphic text reads : — In imMlMlW-l^^ mn o j\ A J\ J L'lir' fl O ' I I I <=: -.-■^-^^^^ I III i •<2>- /WWAA I I I /I\ H 2 48 THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. -i--Hk:::PV- 11 \>\> Immediately beneath the figure of Nut is a hori- zontal line of inscription which reads : — IIIV M ^V^ 8 an Ausar se-ut'eb neter hen sen Behold Osiris^ the seutcheb, the second prophet of -W n I ^wv^/NA /vs-^^/s^ J\ Amsu Nes-Arnsu maaxeru an - nek Afiisii, Nes-A//isi/, triumphant ! Hath brought to thee •0 V 1^ ab - k en mut - k ertat - s su tJiy heart thy mother, \and'\ she hath placed it ^ n ■^'^'^ {sic) ■jj I 1 1 M her auset - s em x^^ - ^ "^^^ " ^ .7 1 J { and thou ihalt\ upon Its seat in thy body, \ i,,ome youu^.) THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AmSU. 49 TT) «Q ut'a - k hert em hetep tek - k Ra T/iou sailest over heaven in peace. Thou shalt see Rd COJ — . „o em xut an man t'etta heh in the horizonw ithoiit \ceasing\ daily for ever and ever. The next division is occupied by a scene in which the deceased is shown lying upon a bier ']^ ; above him hovers his soul in the form of a human-headed bird, having its wings extended and holding Q shen, the emblem of the circuit of the sun in each claw. Beneath the bier stand the four jars which contain his mummied intestines (see above, p. 8). The inscription reads : — r a baiu a hesq enen x^it)it Hail ye souls ! Hail slaughterer of shadoius I a neteru apu nebu tepu an^, ma Hail ye gods those all pn?ues of life I I pray 50 THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. !\ a 'V^ A III an - ten ba en Ausar se - uteb l>n'f2g ye the soul to Osiris, the seutcheb, neter hen sen Amsu Nes - Amsu the second prophet of Amsu, Nes - Amsu. ■g- At the head of the bier kneels the goddess Nephthys , with her right hand raised to her face ; the in- scription referring to her reads : — 111 K i!-in I an Nebt-het t'et - s ah nefer Behold Nephthys\_atid'\she saith, ''''Boy beautiful, * These lines are an extract from a section of the " Lamenta- tions of Isis and Nephthys," the Berlin text (Papyrus No. 1425) of which reads : — ^-a_. J 111 X2^ 1 1 \±\1 <:rr> ^^iz^ THE MUMMy AND COKFIN OF NES-AMSU. 5 1 ma er per - k ab - k net'em come to tJiy house. LeJ thy heart be glad, [/or\ an x^ft - k senti - k er kes - exist not thy enemies. Thy tiuo sisters [are] near ^=^ / '-Vm= ^^ ^\ |\ -f^;? ^-^ ^^=z^^ "^ k em sa nemm - k her thee to protect thy bier [and] to Wf nas - nek en mer invoke thee ivith 7veeping. Behind her stand " Hapi, making protection for Osiris,"* and " Tuamautef, making protection for Osiris, the seutcheb and second prophet of Amsu, Nes-Amsu, triumphant !"t 52 THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. At the foot of the bier kneels the goddess Isis 3 , with her left hand raised to her face ; the inscription referring to her reads : — llX io il y\ an Auset fet - s maa er Here is Isis [a?id] she saiih, " Come to zn . T J\ cm per - k sep sen Annu maa er per - k thy house, twice, Afti ! Come to thy house, U^^ n^x js% an xefti - k ahi nefer maa exist not thy ene>nies. Boy beautiful, come, * These lines arc also an extract from a section of the •'Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys," from a text of which we are able to correct some mistakes. t Read I I ^ • Ani is a form of Ra. in I is omitted. THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. 53 lh^'±U maat - k sent - k an abt - k er - a /^/ see thee thy sister, depart thou not from vie. a hunnu nefer maa er per - k Hail, boy beautiful, come to thy house." Behind Isis stand Amseth, who says, " I am thy son, Osiris,"t and "Qebhsennuf, who maketh protec- tion for Osiris, Nes-Amsu, the seutcheb and second prophet of Amsu, triumphant." J Below this division is an inscription written in horizontal lines down the centre of the cover, which reads : — -ilflVS % 5T II an Ausar seut'eb neter hen sen Here is Osiris, the seutcheb, the second prophet of Better _-^ (^ -<2>-^P^ iAr^^\\ri^'~X^ 54 THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NFSAMSU. U^ Amsu neter hen x^^su Nes-Amsu maaxeru Amsii, the prophet of Khonsu, Nes-A?nsu, triumphant, ^ i 3- sa seut'eb neter hen sen Amsu son of ///5 seutcheb, the prophet second of Amsu O o n Pa-senet'em-ab sa ennu neter hen Nes-Amsu Pa-senetchem-db, son of a like prophet, Nes-Amsu O > maayeru sa ennu neter hen T'e-hra maaxeru triumphant, son of a like prophet, Tche-hrd, triumphant, ^' sa neter hen ennu Qem sa neter hen ennu son of a prophet the like, Qem, son of a prophet the like. 6. P ^«0 Ara maaxeru mes ahi Ara, triumphant, horn of the sistrum-bearcr of THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. 55 — ^ o M -l^h<\^ Amsu Ta - ta - xensu - i maaxeru Amsu, Tata - Kho?isu - /, trimnphajit. a en baiu a hesq enen x^ibit Hail ye souls ! Hail slaughterer of shadows I ^j\A/'y^\ ,1,1,1 -W\-- ®i f a neteru apu nebu tepu an^ Hail ye gods those all princes of life / I T Q AWVNA ' J\ III .^ J^ ma an - ten ba en Ausdr I fray bring ye the soul ,of Osiris, — H — tq II z — <- seut'eb neter hen sen Nes-Amsu maaxeru - the seutcheb, the priest second, Nes-Amsu, in triumph net xnem - f t'et en net'eni ab - f to h im . May he unite with \his'\ body \ according to his heart's desire. I 2 56 THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. J^ -2^ I G iu ba - f en t'et - f sexen May come Ids soul to his body, may embrace ^^ ¥- 1 t'et - f ba - f an - sen nef his body his sou/. May bring they him 111 Ik Q " 's. JJ 1 I I rr v >• LLI I J ) an xepera x^P t'esef Bere is Khepera, [/£'//<'] created himself. 58 THK MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. xeperer aper t'er maa mest'er - f {"■"".S"""} -"'<'«'>' his two ears. t'et - f i er per - k Ausar seut'eb Saith he, " Come to thy house, Osiris, the seutcheb, neter hen sen Amsu Nes-Amsu . Ra the prophet secoiid of Amsu, JVes-Afnsu Hd D rrr-i ^ <^ © \\ o (^ -«— X 111 I ^"^ '• t^ peses' - her - k xu - tuk exiendeth himself over thee, thou art stretigthened, maki - tuk ertat unen ma sa - k thou art protected, it is granted that he shall protect thee. ertat - nek nifiit per cm May there be given to thee winds coining forth from THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NKS-AMSU. 59 Su nifti per em neter Tem er S/iu, and wind coining forth from divine Tnm upon ut - k ertat - nek mu per //?j rojin ! May there he given to thee zvater coming forth ^i-x ^ n n em hap Ausar seut'eb neter hen from the Nile, O Osiris, the seutcheb, the prophet I I ' ' <~> AAAAAA sen Nes-Amsu. ertat - nek au second, Nes-Amsu. May there be given to thee dilatation ab xer ses (?) em Sexet - rat with boldness of heart in V!'L^'^^'"'^.''n\\ •^ \ {Elysian Fields.) J -JJ ab - k erek an sebeb Thy heart shall be to thee and shall not depart. \ 60 THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. (3 !^ xu - tuk Tanen t Protedeth thee the god Tanen, 111 Q sa paut O son of the cycle neteru - f per - k em %" of his gods, and thou shalt come forth tvith splendour." On the right hand of the horizontal inscription are figures of the gods Harmachis ^"j Sel) ^^ J , and Horus ^^, who "make protection for Nes- Amsu"; the first holds a crook \ and whip /\, and the second and third a whip only. On the left are figures of the gods Tmu ^, Khepera ^ <=>, and Osiris ^S\ , who also " make protection for Nes- Amsu;" each god holds a whip /\ in his hands. On the left hand side of the cover are four per- pendicular lines of hieroglyphics, which read :— an Ausar scul'eh neter hen sen Amsu Behold Osiris, the seutcheb, {'^'" ^^f/jj,"""' } THE MUMMY AND COFFIN' OF NES-AMSU. 6 1 '\^ Nes-Amsu, maaxeru sa seut'eb neter hen Nes-Anisu, trmmphant^ son of the seutcheb, tJie prophet [J =^ Dllfi ^X ^ PI?S sen Amsu Pa-senet'em-^b-ast maaxeru second of Amsu, Pa-senetchem-db-dst, triumphant, mes nebt per en aha born of the lady of the house, the sistrum-bearer m j\' en Amsu Ta - x^^s - i maaxeru of Amsu, Ta - Mens - i, triumpha7it I ?* "^ ^- ® I, ^^ ab en mut-[a] sep sen hat O heart, my mother, O heart, my motJicr ! O heart of * Here follows a late recension of the 30th chapter of the Book of the Dead. 62 THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. Rl^* xeper - a em sexem er - a my existence! May there he no obstacle raised against me em met em x^sef er - a em by evidence. May there be no refulse to me by tfA N"/ /S t'at'at em ant er - a em the children of Horns. May not be made against me by m ^ — Si neteru em req er - a em - bah the gods [thy"] separation from me in the presence ii ^ (sic) ari maxait entek ka - a er of the guardian of the scale. Thou art ;;/)■ ka in * Read | -^ . THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. 63 xat-[a] xnem seut'a at - a my bod}\ uniting and making sound viy limbs. ^^ ^ J I per - k er bu nefer May est thou come forth to the place of happiness i^¥ ^ - fi /V/'/WN /VWSAA hen - na tuat em sexen ran - a [to which'] I go in the tuat. May not overthrow my natne t'at'at bu nefer the children of Horus place of happiness, J = ^ ^ SI nefer em au ab ut'a met happiness in dilatation of heart at the weighing of words. em t'et ker er - a er kes May there not be spoken falsehood against fne near * The text here appears to be corrupt. K 2 1 64 THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. 1 I neter nefer /Ae god beautiful. 1 {sic) maket Verily seut'eb ur - k great shalt thou II neter hen sen he risiiig i/p, Osiris, the seutcheb, the prophet secoJid -^ O Amsu Nes-Amsu maaxeru t'etta heh of A/HSii, Nes-Amsu, triumphant for ever and ever. Over the feet of the cover are painted two pylon- shaped shrines D , emblematic of Re-stau — . <«- jj^ ari sa Ausar makifig the protection of Osiris. The line of inscription between the two pylons reads : — suten ta hetep en Ausar x^nti May give a royal oblation Osiris, president of Amentet neter aa neb Abtu the underworld, the great god, lord of Abydos. On each side of the feet is a lion ; the name of one is P'^- Sef, "Yesterday," and that of the other "^ ^O T^^^^^'', "To-morrow." 66 THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. On the front of the pedestal are two lines of hiero- glyphics, which read : — ■4 A V r 1 I suten ta hetep en Heru-xuti neter aa May give a royal oblatmi Harmachis, the great god, n ^ I P per neb pet mesk Su per em the lord of heaven, offspring of Shu, coining forth from JA 11^ xut Seker Ausar neter aa her ab the horizon, and Seker- Osiris the great god within Apu Panopolis. 2. h D ''L^^ ta - f May [they] grant to him D sesep to receive O J^AAAAA + au ab em but nefcr cm dilatation of heart with happiness and tvith THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. 67 ,-Q-. I I ^ D I M«^ hetepu Sexet - Am sepulchral offerings in the Ely si an Fields; A fl ta - f x^i en pet xer Ra may [they] give him glory in heaven before Rd 1P L=^ ^ — ^ ^ user em ta and power upon earth I On the right hand side of the pedestal are two Hnes of inscription, which read : — ■•]l± iA ^.u \ an Ausar xenti Amentet Behold Osiris, president of the loiderworld, neter aa neb Abtu Seker Ausar the great god, lord of Abydos ; and Seker-Osiris, I 68 THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. (sic) * '^ O (jn^© (] ^ ^ neter hen her ab Apu Anpu her ^/le great god zvlthin Fanopoiis ; and Anubis upon C^ A— fl I — '^ — 1 y-AAAAA I 2. rn ^ Ll I IJ tu - f ta - sen ///i- /«'// ; may they give sepulchral offerings^ oxen, 0^1)0 111 per - xeru ah '% © c^ I ^ AAAAAA apt xet neb nefer ab en ducks, things all beautiful and pure, to the L) [ww^A] J^t ka en Ausar ka of Osiris. On the left hand side of the pedestal are two Hnes of inscription, but they are practically a repetition of those on the right side, and are therefore not given here. * Read I ncter aa. t Here follow the titles and genealogy of Nes-Amsu. THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. 69 On the outside of the cofifin under the feet are ten perpendicular lines of hieroglyphics, which read : — '■ n JL Jl Ah 8 II an Ausar seut'eb neter hen sen Behold Osiris, the seutcheb, the prophet second., =^1^ .==0 I ^V' Nes-Amsu maaxeru sa seut'eb neter hen Nes-Amsu, triumphant, son of the seutcheb the prophet * 5. An — •* — — *• — sen Sept ta - s aaui - s second, may the goddess Sept \ give her two hands z:^ -^A-^ ^ j^ ? 6. AA/AA er ses'ep - k an her en mut - k to receive thee ; not may depart thy mother * Here follow the titles and genealogy (lines 2-4) of Nes- Amsu as given in the line of inscription on the edge of the coffin near the cover, + A name of Hathor. 70 THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU Nut er - ek em ren - s en her A^uf from thee in her name of Her* ma hetep - k em Nut mut - k hru May est thou rest in Nut thy mother every ^P neb per - k usten - k xer - k day ! May est thou come for th^ and may est thou walk ^vz:^ .^3^' en heh an x^sef - k neb - k er for ever. May not repulse thee thy lord at Tsmr I ^°- (jy W^^h. aa nu tuat er the doors of the underworld , and * Ilcrc there is a play on the words her "to depart," and Tier " heaven," the " upper regions of the sky." THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. 7 1 rm ^^ii ^em - k am Ausar Nes-Amsu maaxt^''Li f nay est thou walk there ^ Osiris, Nes-Avisii, trii/injj/iant I Below this inscription is a black and white bull bearing a mummy upon its back, and below this are four lines of hieroglyphics containing prayers for sepulchral offerings ; as the text is practically the same as that given on the right side of the pedestal, it is not repeated here. On the inside of the cover are painted in outline : — 1. The winged disk with pendent ursei <^^, emblematic of Ra and Isis and Nephthys. 2. The vulture "v^ , emblematic of the goddess Mut, holding in each of its claws shcn Q, emblematic of the circuit of the Sun, and the feather fi , emblematic of Right and Truth. 3. The winged scarabccus ^1|^P , emblematic of the matter of the dead body of the de- ceased about to come into a new existence. 4. The vulture of Mat, as described in No. 2. 72 THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. On the inside of the lower portion of the coffin is a full-length figure of the goddess Nut drawn in black outline, and on the back is a large figure of tet |T, wearing plumes and horns JJ , emblematic of the god Osiris. Down the edge, on each side, is a line of inscription in which a full genealogy of Nes-Amsu is given, and the following texts : — Rightside: q^ l^ '^^f = a An pehrer em O t/toii god An, tv/io goest round in 13^ - I 1 -\^ ¥ neter het en aa neter tu - na ba - a the divine house of the great god, grant to me 7?iy soul cm bu neb enti au - f i men in every place itt ivhich it may repose (?) hell ua t'etta her ^es Seker - Ausar for ever and for ever, may \it'\ follow Seker - Osiris THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. 73 her ub Apu hena ka - a hru neb within Panopolis and my ka evoy day. Leftside: ^^^ 01 j^ {\u tut as aft neteru apu Now behold four gods these, mesu Heru en tef - f Ausar seut'eb children of Horns, his father Osiris, the seutcheb, D ""^ V AA(WSA I I I neter hen sen Amsu maaxeru unen - sen the prof het second of Amsu, triumphant, may they be I I I I nek em ^et - k an - sen nek ^et to thee folloiving thee, may they bring to thee things nefert em maayeru beautiful, in triumph ! 74 THE MUMMY AND COFFIN OF NES-AMSU. The mummy of Nes-Amsu is 5ft. 5 in. long, and is in a well preserved condition. The head was originally covered with a gilded cartonnage face, and a small, clean-cut, haematite scarab was fastened to the breast ; the handsome cartonnage face was pre- sented to the British Museum* in 1885, but where the scarab is I know not. The front of the mummy is ornamented with a painted and gilded cartonnage collar and hollow-work pectoral, down the centre of which runs a line of hieroglyphics which record the name, titles and genealogy of the deceased. From Akhmim. Length 6 ft., width i ft. 8^ in. No. 4. Inner wooden coffin of a lady who probably lived towards the end of the period of the XXVIth dynasty, about B.C. 500. The face, which is painted yellow, is made of a piece of hard wood pegged on the cover; over it falls a heavy head-dress painted in imitation of the handsome examples of an earlier period. The collar, or necklace, is roughly painted, and running down the cover is a line of hieroglyphics containing prayers for funeral offerings ; these are almost illegible, and the name of the deceased is quite effaced. To the right and left of this line of hieroglyphics are marks which show that scenes in which the deceased was represented making offerings to the gods of the underworld have been painted there. Between the collar and the inscription is a winged disk with pendent uraei. All other parts of the coffin and cover are uninscribed, and are not ornamented. Preserved within the coffin are the remains of the cartonnage case of the mummy which belonged to the coffin. From Thebes. Length, 6 ft. 2 in. No. 5. Cover of a coffin of a lady who probably lived during the Ptolemaic period, about B.C. 200. The whole style of this object proclaims the very late period to which it belongs, and it is evident that at the time when it was made the art of coffin-making had reached a low ebb. The body is flat instead of being convex at the chest and tapering away to flatness at the feet ; the face is large, coarse, and ill-shapen, and the muddy green and red colours used in painting the figures of the gods show that the artist was as little skilled as the carpenter. The hieroglyphics are roughly traced in black upon a yellow ground. Beneath the collar are figures of the four children of Horus, the goddess Nut with out- stretched wings, the golden hawks of Horus, a perpendicular line of hieroglyphics containing prayers for funeral offerings of meat and drink, and upright figures of Isis, Nephthys and other deities. From Thebes. Length, 5 ft. 10 in Nos. 6 — 10, and 13. PARTS OF COFFINS. 6. Painted end of a wooden coffin wherein are depicted the deceased adoring a winged disk with pendent ursei, and the goddess Isis standing in adoration before Osiris, and the goddess Nephthys standing in adoration before Ra. On the upper edge is the inscription : Jj ^ J ^^ '^ [^\ T"" 1 Grseco-Roman Period. 2 ft. by i ft. 9 in. 7. Panel from the same coffin, whereon is painted Osiris, holding ^\ and [, seated on a throne ornamented with llrl, beneath a winged disk; behind him, rising from a clump of lotus flowers, is a serpent with the crown of the north, V, on its head. Grseco-Roman Period. I ft. 9 in. by i ft. 2 in- 8. Wooden face from the inner coffin of a man who flourished about the period of the XXVIth M 78 PARTS OF COFFINS. dynasty, about B.C. 550; the face is painted red, and the eyebrows blue. 9. Wooden face from the inner coffin of a lady who flourished about B.C. 300 ; the face is painted black, and the head-dress above is painted with yellow lines. 10. Unpainted wooden face from the coffin of a man who flourished about b.c. 300. 13. Fragment of wood from the coffin of Sheps-ta- Mat ; the inscription reads : Ji^\ ^^1: C) 5 I I I A ra: - -^ S^K^I^ CI Ptolemaic Period, gf in. by 9 in. Nos. II and 12. MUMMY PECTORALS. 11. Cartonnage pectoral of Peta-Ausar, the son of the lady Neith, painted in bright colours. Scene i. The deceased on a bier by which stands Anubis; at the head stand Isis, Tuamautef and Qebhsennuf, and at the foot Nephthys, Amset and Hapi. Scene 2. The deceased adoring four gods. Scene 3. Winged beetle with disk and Q,, two mummies on two biers, and two ursei. Scene 4. The four children of Horus and a perpendicular line of hieroglyphics, which read : Ptolemaic Period. Length, 2 ft. by 4I in. 12. Cartonnage pectoral of Afseta, painted in bright colours. M 2 8o MUMMY PECTORALS. Scene i. The deceased on a bier by which stands Anubis : at the head are Isis and a uraeus |, and at the foot Nephthys and a urseus |. Scene 2. The deceased adoring four gods. Scene 3. Winged beetle and Q and two ursei. Scene 4. The four children of Horus and a per- pendicular line of hieroglyphics which read : — r^/^^ fe^ Ptolemaic Period. Length, 2 ft. by 4§ in. o < CQ O a. u 3 l< < 3 Z Z UJ CO I- CQ 111 o < O LL O H- oi CD Nos. 14— 17A. CANOPIC JARS.* These jars or vases are found in sets of four, and each is dedicated to one of the four gods of the cardinal points — Mestha, Hapi, Tuamautef and Qebhsennuf, who are sometimes called the " children of Horus," and sometimes the "children of Osiris." The first of these deities presided over the south and watched over the stomach and large intestines ; the second presided over the north and watched over the small intestines ; the third presided over the east and watched over the lungs and heart ; and the fourth presided over the west and watched over the liver and gall bladder. Sets of Canopic jars have been found with coffins of the Xlth dynasty. 14 — 17. Set of Canopic vases in white limestone ; the eyes are painted in black. From Thebes. Vase of Amset. Height, i ft. 2^ in. Vase of Hapi. Height, i ft. 2^ in. Vase of Tuamautef. Height, i ft. i^ in. Vase of Qebhsennuf. Height, i ft. 2^ in. * See above, p. 8, and Plate III. 82 CANOPIC JARS. 17a. Limestone vase of Qebhsennuf inscribed with four lines of text, which read : — MPT-lu-11 o <^ 2. ^, '■^k5*x::\:i^ mm M From Thebes. Height, I ft. 2^ in. Nos. i8 and 19, WOODEN MODELS OF UNGUENT VASES. 18. Wooden jar painted light yellow ; fragments of the linen straps by which it was sealed still remain. On the side are two lines of hieroglyphics in black, [1(1 dmaxi yer Ansa meter hen tep en An-heru Nebseni^ "Nebseni, the first prophet of An-heru, before Osiris." XXIInd dynasty, about b.c. 900. From Thebes. Height, 6^ in. 19. Wooden jar painted in black and' white to imitate variegated stone ; the inscription is in black upon a yellow ground, and is similar to that on No. 18. From Thebes. Height, 6-^ in. Nos. 20—34. wooden figures of isis, nephthys, and ptah-seker-AusAr. These figures were placed near the coffin of the deceased : Nephthys at the head, and Isis at the foot. The god Ptah-Seker-Ausar, i.e., "Osiris, the Opener and the Closer," was believed to be especially con- nected with the resurrection. 20. Wooden human-headed bird '^^j emblematic of the soul ; it probably stood on the wooden base which supported a figure of Ptah-Seker-Ausar. From Abydos. Height, 5 in . 21. Painted and gilded wooden hawk Jv,, wearing disk. It probably stood on the wooden base which supported a figure of Ptah-Seker-Ausar. From Aby- dos. Height, 6^ in. 23. Painted and gilded wooden figure of Isis kneeling,* with right hand raised. The top of the pedestal is inscribed with three lines of hieroglyphics, • See Plate IV. f 52; ^- - - WOODEN FIGURES OF ISIS, NEPHTHYS, ETC. 85 and the sides are ornamented with rosettes. Late Period. From Abydos. Height, i ft. 4I in. 24. Painted and gilded wooden figure of Isis kneehng, with right hand raised. Late Period. From Abydos. Height, i ft. 3^ in. 25. Painted and gilded wooden figure of Isis kneeling, with right hand raised. The three lines of hieroglyphics on the pedestal are somewhat similar to those on No. 23, and like them they are merely orna- mental. Late Period. From Abydos. Height, I ft. 2^ in. 26. Painted and gilded wooden figure of Nephthys kneeling,* with right hand raised. The top of the pedestal is inscribed with three lines of hieroglyphics, and the sides are ornamented with rosettes. Late Period. From Abydos. Height, ,1 ft. 5 in. 27. Painted and gilded wooden figure of Nephthys kneeling, with right hand raised. Late Period. From Abydos. Height, i ft. 4 in. 28. Painted and gilded wooden figure of Nephthys kneeling, with right hand raised. The three lines of hieroglyphics on the pedestal are somewhat similar to * See riate IV. 86 FIGURES OF ISIS, NEFHTHYS, ETC. those on No. 26, and like them they are merely orna- mental. Late Period. From Abydos. Height, I ft. 3 in. 29. Wooden figure of Ptah-Seker-Ausar,* with horns, plumes, and disk, on a pedestal in which is a cavity that contained an inscribed roll of papyrus. The face is gilded, the head-dress is blue, and below the breast-plate is a figure of Nut, painted on a brown ground. Down the figure and along the pedestal are three lines of hieroglyphics which do not make sense. Late Period. From Abydos. Height, 2 ft. 9^ in. 30. Painted and gilded wooden figure of Ptah- Seker-Ausar, with horns, plumes, and disk, on a pedestal in which is a cavity with cover, that con- tained a roll of papyrus. This figure was made for Ta-Auset, the daughter of Qem-Hapi. The inscrip- tions on the figure read : — r^^-^^ See Plate V. Ptah-Seker-Ausar, FIGURES OF ISIS, NEPIITHYS, ETC. 87 The second inscription is a prayer to Osiris, Seker- Osiris, and Isis for sepulchral offerings. On the pedestal is painted a scene in which four souls are standing by a lake, one at each corner, and drinking water ; on the right side of the cavity is painted a figure of Isis, and on the left a figure of Nephthys ; and on the movable cover is inscribed : — Late Period. From Abydos. Height 2 ft. 7^ in. 31. Painted and gilded wooden figure of Plah-Seker- Ausar, with horns, plumes and disk, on a pedestal in which is a cavity containing a portion of the body of the deceased mummified. Below the breast-plate are painted a figure with R in each hand, and three lines of hieroglyphics ; the back of the figure is uninscribed. On the top of the pedestal are three lines of hierogly- phics, and its sides are ornamented with the pattern ItI I T 1 , pomted in bright colours, Late Period. From Abydos. Height 2 ft. 7^ in. 32. Painted wooden figure of Ptah Seker-Ausar, with horns, plumes, and disk, on a solid pedestal. Below the breast-plate is painted a pectoral with a iet u. This figure was made for Petata, the son of N 2 88 PTAH-SEKER-AUSAR. Heru-[sa]-Auset and Shenkhet, and the second inscrip- tion is a prayer to Osiris, Seker-Osiris, Isis, Nephthys, and Anubis for sepulchral offerings. The inscriptions read : — Late Period. From Abydos. Height, 2 ft. 5^ in. 33. Wooden figure of Ptah-Seker-Ausar. Height, 13 in. 34. Wooden figure of Ptah-Seker-Ausar on a pedestal. Height, 13^ in. Plate VI. . \ A ^ lilfeiii. hU '•'* '»' ETOm l?!^ Hypocephalus of Shai-enen. No. 35. HYPOCEPHALUS OF SPIAI-ENEN* HJ^HU^#-t This interesting object is made of linen covered with plaster, and measures S in. in diameter ; the inscriptions upon it are traced in black ink upon a yellow ground. The hypocephalus represented the " Eye of Horus," and was placed under the head of the mummy, in which it was supposed to keep warmth until the revivification of the body. The line of inscription around the edge reads : — i-i^ Oq iZ A 7\ o ^'^-znzf-i A A J\ * See Birch, Proceedings of the Society oj Biblical Archaology, 1883, pp. 37-40. t See Plate Vi. 90 HYPOCEPHALUS OF SHAI-ENEN. a5^ " I am the Hidden One in the hidden place. I am a perfect intelligence among the companions of Ra. I have gone in and come forth among the perfect souls. I am the mighty soul of saffron-coloured form. I have come forth from the underworld at pleasure. I have come, I have come forth from the eye of Horus. I have come forth from the underworld with Ra, from the House of the Great Old Man in Helio- pulis. I am one of the beatified dead coming forth from the underworld ; grant thou things for his body, and grant heaven for my soul and a hidden place for my mummy ! I have come forth from the eye of Horus." I. The text in the nrst division reads : — HYPOCEPHAT.US OF SHAI-ENEN. 9 1 " May the god, who himself is hidden, and whose form is concealed, who shineth upon the world in his forms of existence, and in the underworld, grant that my soul may live for ever." 2. In the second division are : — Nehabka offering ^^ to Horus-Amsu, the power of reproduction ; a goddess with ^^^ for a head ; the cow of Hathor ; the four children of Horus ; a leaf (?) and two lions ; a pylon surmounted by a ram's head and uraeus, and having four rams' heads on each side ; Ra ^ and Khepera ^. 3. In the third are : — A female figure and a beetle ; the boat of the Moon in which are a shrine containing the cynocephalous ape of Thoth, a cynocephalous ape holding ^^ , and, at the bows, the god Harpocrates ; and the boat of the Sun in which are a shrine con- taining the gods Horus, Isis, Nephthys, and rowers. Over the boat of the Moon are the names of the deceased and of his mother n J IjIJ (I (j 1 ij. R 1 '^ ^^^^ ^^^^- _^ n '^ J) " ^-^^^'^ Shai-enen, triumphant for ever, son of Nes-Nebt-het." 9 2 HYPOCF.PHALUS OF SHAI-ENEN. 4. In the fourth division is a god with two faces, wearing horns, disk and plumes upon his head, and holding a sceptre of Anubis in one hand, and -j- in the other. The inscription reads : — " May the great god in his disk give his rays in the underworld of Heliopolis ! Do thou grant an entrance and an exit in the underworld without repulse." On one side of the god is the legend, " Protection, and life, and strength are behind him for ever " V T" 1 On the right hand of this division are the hawk of Horus or Osiris on a standard in a boat, with Isis and Nephthys making speeches to him, and a second boat in which are Ra, Khepera ^ I ^ and the cyno- cephalous ape of Thoth holding the uU/tai ^P;- On the left hand side are eight rams ^^, three birds of the soul l^^jl^^l^^ who are described as ^^ V^ir^' ^"^ Horus-Sept in a boat. In the centre of the next division a god with four rams' heads is seated ; he wears above them the white crown with IIYPOCKPHALUS OF SHAI-ENEN. 93 plumes, uraei and horns ^^ , and holds the sceptre On each side of the god is an ape wearing crescent, disk and uraeus, making adoration to the god. The texts are two addresses to the Sun-god, and read : — □ 5 _2^ II. li-^^n^s^f P'":'."5?^-'S ^ I n ^ (^ i ''^^^°.^-M7^k 94 HVrOCEPIIALUS OF SHAI-ENEN. K-5 5ak ^ — □ \zrzj "j\Iay the Soul, who begctteth [all] forms of existence, whose body is more hidden than his births, who sendeth forth the light, when the two utchats come into existence, his soul cometh into existence, and his body [his] mother, and who is abundant of forms, make the enemies of Shai-enen afraid, and grant that he may come into the underworld with the and that he may not be turned back for ever and ever ! " O Soul, mighty of terror, lord of fear, mighty of victory, who makest fire to spring up from the two perfect utchats, thou being who art mighty in forms of existence .... who giveth and who hideth his body in life, and whose form cometh into existence as an emanation of , the mighty one of victory, who maketh many his forms of existence, grant thou that Shai-enen triumphant may come forth and go into [the underworld] for ever." Diameter 6^ in. Nos. 36—39. PAPYRI. 36. Portion of a hieroglyphic copy of the Book of the Dead which was written during the Ptolemaic period for .%,eod|^;:r"^ °o Ta-ukesh, son of the lady of the house Hernua. This papyrus is inscribed with part of the i8th chapter of the Book of the Dead, and it con- tains 51 perpendicular lines of writing, and mea- sures 3 ft. 2 in., by 7 in. The vignettes are traced in outline and represent : — (i) the deceased ador- ing his soul, (2) the deceased kneeling in adora- tion before several groups of gods ; (3) the fef % emblem of stability; (4) the buckle m, em- blem of protection; (5) the collar ^?, with two hawks' heads; (6) two sceptres in shrines f^pj fXl' and the xdchat winged and walking. 37. Forty fragments of a papyrus inscribed in hieratic with the 17th chapter of the Book of the Dead. At one end is part of a coloured vignette in which the o 2 g6 PAPYRUS OF PATTA-KHENSU. deceased is represented adoring Ra, who is hawk- headed and sitting upon a throne, and holding the flail ^\, and crook [, emblematic of sovereignty and dominion. From the remains of a few short lines of hieroglyphics it seems that the deceased w^as a " divine father of Amen," called Patta-Khensu a^ /^ !(?). XXIInd dynasty. 38. Fragment of papyrus, of a late period, mea- suring 7 in. X 4 in., upon which are inscribed in outline the boat of the Sun, a table of offerings, the emblem of the east 4, Osiris in the form of a mummy, wearing the a/ef crown <(?, and a tet ^. 39. Fragment of a hieratic papyrus, of a late period, measuring 8 in. x 4 in. Nos. 40—55. INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STEL.E. 40. Rectangular limestone slab, from the door of a inastaba tomb at Gizeh, inscribed : — The deceased flourished during the reign of Kha-f- Ra, king of Egypt, about B.C. 3666. From Gizeh. Length, 2 ft. 6 in. 41. Rectangular limestone slab, from the door of a viastaba tomb at Gizeh, inscribed : — The deceased flourished during the reign of Shepses- ka-f, king of Egypt, about B.C. 3600. From Gizeh. Length, i ft. 10 in. 42. Rectangular limestone slab from the door of 98 INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STEL^. the mastaba tomb of Uap at Gizeh ;* on the slab, in relief, are a seated figure of the deceased, a line of hieroglyphics which record his titles, and a list of funeral offerings. The deceased is seated on a chair with legs in the shape of lions' legs, his right hand is stretched out upon his right leg, and his left, in which he holds an object which falls over his left shoulder, is closed and lies on his left breast ; before him stands a table of offerings. The line of hieroglyphics which record the name and titles of the deceased reads : — Among the funeral offerings mentioned are : — incense, wine, eye-paint, linen garments, linen cloths, beer, wine, cakes, calves, oxen, gazelle, game, poultry, dates, etc. The seated figure of the deceased, the table of offerings, and the hieroglyphic text are in low relief. From Gizeh. Length, 2 ft. x i ft. 8 in. 43. Rectangular slab of limestone, from the tomb of Tchefa )) [J,t a superintendent of priests who held the dignities and titles of chancellor, smer uat and • Sec Plate VII. f See Hate VIII. >'"'= i^Zi^^- a !(< I Ip4 .^■, *«^-. -III t^4^ '3 '^ ^-^<--'"- '^ t-f o > I- co UJ oc a. I a I in I o I- ill _1 CO < < cc X o _I D Q. UJ CO -^ ^A,.i7 INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STKL^. 99 kher heb at El-kab. To the left is a standing figure of tlie deceased holding a staff in his right hand TO , and the kherp sceptre () in his left ; behind him, with her right hand laid upon his right shoulder, stands Hentes his loving wife, the kinswoman of the king, and prophetess of Hathor. The inscription, which is cut in fine bold characters, contains prayers to Anubis and Osiris that sepulchral meals may be granted by them to the deceased. The text reads : — M.i Sk^ ^ A e^ntA^l\.-='M':3S 3- m I o r^^^ lOO INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STELAE. JSA h^.-a »— ^ c^r^ 5- O O I I I ^^_^iJ^ II <= m^m " May Anubis, president of the divine house {i.e., the tonib), the head of the funeral mountain, resident in Ut, give a royal oblation. May Tchefa, the chan- cellor, the smer udf, the precentor, the president of the prophets, be buried in his tomb in the beautiful Set-Amenta ; may she open his hand. May he be united to the earth and travel over the steely sky. May Set-Amenta give both her hands to him in two- fold peace in the presence of tlie great god. May Osiris give a royal oblation and sepulchral meals to the chancellor, the s//ier udt, the president of the prophets ! " INSCRIBED SLA15S FROM TOMBS AND STEL^. lOI Over the heads of the deceased and his wife is the legend : — ^: ^^S1!l^4 " His loving wife, the kinswoman of the king, and prophetess of Hathor, Hentes." Dr. Wiedemann published, in the Proceedings Soc. Bibl. Arch., 1886, p. loi, a copy of this inscription which he had taken when the slab was in the hands of dealers in Luxor. Vlth Dynasty. Length, 2 ft., width, i ft. 2 in. 44. Limestone slab from the door of the mastaba tomb of Kha, a royal kinsman, and a high priestly official of Usr-en-Ra, King of Egypt, about B.C. 3200. In the empty cavity, in relief, is the inscription : — iA 1! I02 INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STELAE. and on each side, in relief, is a figure of the deceased, holding a staff and the ^ sceptre. From Gizeh. Height, I ft. 8 in. x 2 ft. 45. Limestone slab from the door of the masfaba tomb of Kha,* a royal kinsman, and a high priestly official of Usr-en-Ra, King of Egypt, about b.c. 3200. The inscription is in relief, and reads : — H 1 crz3 18 f^mS^ O /V\AAAA I .IP I From Glzeh. Height, i ft. 3^ in. x 2 ft. i in. 46. Calcareous stone stele with rounded top, upon which are the two iitchats and shcn •Q it was inscribed for a man called Sebek-hetep. In the * Seu Plale L\. X INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STKLM. I03 first register are four lines of hieroglyphics, which read : — T ^i;ia 2 A n /Wv\AA I I I C^ nn o /C:i I ^ (J 2 n A D □ ^ D o> Ml I " May Osiris, lord of Tattu, the great god, lord of Abydos, and Anubis, the president of the divine house (i.e., the tomb) give a royal oblation ! IMay they grant sepulchral meals of oxen, ducks, bandages, p 2 104 INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STELAE. wine, wax, ofterings of tchefa food, and all the pure and beautiful things upon which the gods live, the gifts of heaven, the products of earth, the things which the Nile bringeth forth, and beautiful sepulchral meals, to the ka of the superintendent of the temple of Anubis, Sebek-hetep, triumphant ! " In the second register Sebek-hetep and his wife Nub-em-heb, who held the dignity of iO > are seated with a table of offerings before them, and near this stands Sebek-hetep's uncle Teta-res II I \\ i < — (1 1 ^ ^ who held the office of -^^ C3SZ) . In the third register, the deceased Ankhu •¥■ v\, who held the office of "^j^ , cisz) , and his wife ' ' IX I — «— Nub-em-khau-s I (] , stand ° 111 _B^ J] I T I facing each other; each holds a flower. To the right, seated by a table of offerings, are " his father, super- intendent of the divine house, Teta-res, triumphant " ! "his mother Apa" ^^f (j^°(]^- A figure seems to have been omitted, for we have the name I J ^:z::;^ (1 written to the left of the table. Height, I ft. 4^ in. INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STELiE. I05 47. Calcareous stone stele of Ren-senb-buharu with rounded top. In the rounded portion are the two utchats ^^ ^^ > ^i^d below are four hori- zontal lines of inscription, which contain the usual prayers that sepulchral meals may be given to the deceased ; the text reads : — qkn^'JIPTM-CJM \\ Beneath are figures of the deceased and his mother Beba-res, and two lines of inscription, which read : — Height, \2\ in Io6 INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STELiE. 48. Calcareous stone stele with rounded top, upon which is inscribed the winged disk ; beneath is a man standing in front of a table of offerings, and having both hands raised in adoration of the gods " Ptah of the Beautiful Face," and Set. Height, 9 in. 49. Calcareous stone stele, in the shape of a pylon, with raised border and plumes, painted in red and blue alternately. Length, i ft. 9 in., width, j ft. i in. In the lower part of the stele the deceased, painted red, sits before a table of offerings, and above him are four lines of inscription, which read : — 4XAiSi5^niTtJ- C~Yr~) ■ A I iiiVi f7r::^1V)--Ji=i -<2>-- " May Osiris, lord of Tattu, the great god, lord of Abydos, give a royal oblation; may he give sepulchral meals, and oxen and ducks, and offerings, and tchejau INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STEL^. IO7 food, and winds of life, and gifts of heaven, and pro- ducts of earth, and what Hapi (the Nile) bringeth, to the ka o{ . ... Ankh-sebek-nekht, triumphant, the son of [the lady of the house] Meri, triumphant ! " 50. Altar in fine limestone upon which are cut in outline altars of offering, etc. On each side is a libation vase jy , from which water flows out towards the mouth of the altar, and between them are two tables loaded with offerings of bread, meat, fruit, etc. Between these tables is a sycamore tree, in the branches of which stands the goddess Nut, and above is -T- "life." Beneath each table is a hollow in the form of a cartouche vvhereirom a human-headed bird, or soul, receives the water which flows upon his hands. Above one bird is the legend " Osiris, great god," ri'^^ ]|, and above the other '-J-' . The inscrip- tions, which enclose the whole scene described above, read : — Io8 INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STEL^. [^] ~^' A o! AAAAAA ra -^^ ^ 1? ci The first line shows that the deceased Ausar-ur, the son of Meht-urit, for whom the altar was made, was a high priestly official and a prophet attached to the service of more than one deity, and that his father also held similar ecclesiastical appointments, probably at Apu, the Panopolis of the Greeks, and the Akhmim of the Arabs. The second line contains a prayer that an abundance of funeral offerings and of " every good thing" may be brought to the tomb of the deceased. Length, i ft. 6f in. x i ft. 5 in. 50a. Painted limestone stele of Ta-khaaa-en-Bast* with rounded top [ 1, in which is the solar disk, winged, with pendent uraei. In the scene below Horus and Thoth are pouring out libations before the emblem of Osiris -vAv , which rests on J^ ; behind each god is a figure of the deceased lady with her hands raised in adoration. Beneath are three lines of * See Plate IXa. t:^MMJM h' j^Nu:. >> -to; ^^"(A i^r==\ ^^mmt^oM Stele of Ta-Khaaa-en-Bast, the Son of Pebarema, a Scribe of An-Heru. From Abydos. XXIInd Dynas-h Plate IXb. ran riMlllMa^afctMi i^ Stele of Shashanq, the Son of Pa-khart-na-Bast. OM Abydos. XXIInd Dynasty. INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STEL^.. I09 text in which prayer is made that funeral offerings in abundance may be given to Ta-khaaa-en-Bast, the daughter of Pebarema n 1 «^^ -^vx^ • From Abydos. XXIInd n w^nrirrrj^ dynasty (?). Height, i2| in. 50b. Painted Umestone stele of Shashanq,* the son of Pa-khart-na-Bast, with rounded top j j , on which are depicted the solar disk, two jackals, and Q \J Beneath are figures of three men with hands raised in adoration of the god Horus, who is standing upright, with a disk and uraeus on his head, and a sceptre in his hands, before a table of offerings. The names of the three men and the usual prayer for funeral offer- ings are traced in black on a yellow ground ; some of the characters are illegible. The name of the deceased is given thus T^MM^T ^ o, O From Abydos. XXIInd dynasty (?). Height, 15! in. See Plate IXe. no INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STELAE. 50c. Limestone tablet of Qu-ka-Heru-sa(?)-Auset,* with rounded top [j, on which are depicted the solar disk, winged, with pendent uraei, jackals, etc. ; between the urcei is the legend S 1 1 ,—=. • I" the scene below the deceased stands in adoration before Osiris, Anubis and Isis, and before Amsu, Heru-netch-atef-f and Nephthys. Beneath are twelve lines of inscrip- tion, which read : — III OQO I _^ I 1 D 1 o la°''o " See Plate IXc. 'm __^^Mj>> ,. .... ... Stele of Qa-ka-Heru-sa-Auset, a Priestly Official. From AkhmIm. Ptolemaic Period, INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STEL^ III A a v*»* f n Mil CTz: I I ' A Jl Jj ^/WW O W i i ^3^^ /\ ^ tl JS 1 ]1'"^?*^TVV-'M'V^ SCi^T^^.°Jo^PJ {sk) n I ^ "c^") .i^II>- ,q^4 o ^ lO. Q j\ A Q 2 112 INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STELiE. II. ^ D I I I £^ \\ A ...()% ^£^ I I ~ O (3 J (^^ O I OtJ From Akhmim. Ptolemaic Period. Height, I ft. 9 in. 50d. Limestone stele of Shuamai* with rounded top j I , On the upper portion is depicted Osiris holding whip and flail, seated on a throne. Behind him stand Isis, "lady of heaven," and "Horus, the avenger of his father." Before him stand the deceased and his sister Bak-Ausct i'^^ -scz::^ u "^ m • ^bove the god are his titles A ^ ^^37 | O § T ^ r^ "^^^ "^ I T ^^37 T ^ , and above the deceased is the legend : — u JsD^ AAAAftA (2a O I See Plate IXd. yyi {/t. ^^^: ^.,,:£..,r=x_-L.--J.' '^^'^Vl i^4^ Stele of Shuamai. From Abydos. XVIIITH Dyn/ INSCRIBED SLABS FROM TOMBS AND STEL^, II3 H4 I ^ .On the lower part of the tablet the mummy of the deceased is shown being embraced by the god Anubis, and a priest stands before it perform- ing the ceremony of " opening the mouth." Close by stand two attendant priests offering incense and pour- ing out libations, and two female relatives kneel before it and beat their heads in their grief. To the right are seated the scribe Ra-mes and his sister Meri-Ra, and a male figure makes an offering and pours out a libation before them. In the bottom right hand corner the deceased is seen seated before a tree from out of which the goddess Nut pours water upon his soul ; to the left are five lines of hieroglyphics which contain a prayer that sepulchral offerings may be made to the deceased and that he may enjoy felicity after death. From Abydos. Height, 2 ft. loi in. No. 51. STELE OF NEKAU.* 51. Fine limestone stele, with rounded top, | I . In the rounded portion are the following : — I. Winged disk beneath which are two male figures adoring the sun m ; behind each figure is an utchat 2. A line of hieroglyphics which reads : — 5^n ^-M. 3. The deceased adoring the Sun-god in his morn- ing boat. 4. The deceased adoring the Sun-god in his evening boat. * See Plate X. :>a:^3^i-">:i:L Sepulchral Tablet of Nekau. a Priest of Panopolis. STELE OF NEKAU. II5 5. The disk of the sun being hfted up out of the waters of the celestial ocean ; on each side are a soul and two apes standing in adoration. To the right stands the deceased pouring out a libation before a table of offerings, and to the left are seated the deceased and his wife. From the text below we learn that the deceased Nekau was the son of Nes-Amsu, and the grandson of T'et-hra, and that all three men held high priestly positions in the town of Apu or Panopolis. In lines 18 ff. Nekau is said to be the son of Nes-Amsu, the son of T'et-hra, the son of Nes-Amsu, the son of T'et-hra, the son of Heru , the son of Taf-mut- qebt, the son of T'et-Heru-af-anx, the son of T'et-hra, the son of the lady Nes-urt, who was herself the daughter of the ut'eb of Panopolis. Thus we know the ancestors from whom Nekau traced his descent for eight generations. Nekau's paternal grandmother was Nes-urt, and he himself is described in his stele as a "royal relative"; he was the ut'eb of Panopolis, a prophet of Horus and Isis (?), and he served with the priests monthly in the fourth grade. His father held the like offices, but he seems to have been in addition a " prophet of Osiris and of the two Horus gods, and a prophet of the ceremonials of Pharaoh, may he live for ever " ! The greater part of the n6 STELE OF NEKAU. inscription on the stele is, however, occupied with extracts from the hymns to Ra which are usually found in versions of the XVth Chapter of the Book of the Dead ; the extracts seem to have been chosen at random and mistakes occur here and there. Speaking generally, the deceased prays that the gates of heaven may be opened before him, that his soul may go into the presence of Ra, that he may be among the never-setting stars, and that his whole course of life after death may be like that of Ra. The text reads : — liji^ vy- ^f I .==0 o r3 % "^^^ M Tt f\^raj77T:=:PI^ STELE OF NEKAU. 117 iL"nTP¥"i^ir°^i 4- 00 O^?) C-C^ Ci roSlfli 6. Oi cn ^^ Il8 STELE OF NEKAU. >££j^ .ft. Ci 1^ 'VA^^^ AAAWv o ^-^ _^ ^i^ I I I .^ -^r 1 AWWA O O -ii T 111 AAAAAA I § 1 _Zi ^r --^.^mii"-^-^Tffi7:7r STELE OF NEKAU. 119 I r 1 1 1 /VWW\ /^A/NAAA I Cs o u — J^ O r-tr-1 1^ III .M^ I I y^. -<2>- J\ ^ ■i-t-h 1 ■^•a ■f\ n /v^/»A R 2 STELE OF NEKAU. ^ .^p-^1 J\ ^l -cS:;^ h\ ^5J [O] J o o "^ ^-^ A fl I III o o ■<\ n ^AAAA 'T='?!>? I' Ci;C^ D ^ Q ^ 17- f' r-^^ •<2>- '0' I ^J^ AAAA/V\ AAAVVA STELE OF NEKAU. l8 —It. Jt 4 O I O J isj i^ 'V^flo^ n I ?\ o o 1 122 STELE OF NEKAU. ^J O _Mi ° in 23- ^^ ^J /vw^A^ nnn ^'^'>^^^ c^oo-^a AWV\A »- (?) ^I^KkUJEPy n I Ptolemaic Period, From Akhmim. Height, 2 ft. X 14^ in. Plate XI. Sepulchral Tablet of Ta-hebt, the Daughter of Heru-mes. No. 52. STELE OF TA-HEBT.* 52. Fine limestone stele, with rounded top, | . In the rounded portion are the following : — Winged disk with pendent ursei and the legend, ' ^ " Behutet, great god, lord of 11 heaven." The bone of each wing is in the form of F==^, thus the two together represent the day sky and the night sky. Immediately beneath the disk is a standard whereon is seated Harpocrates holding J\ over his right shoulder. On each side of him is a boat. In that to the right are g and a disk ; in the latter is ^, the emblem of the god Khepera. In that to the left are g and a disk ; in the latter is a ram ^^. Each boat has an oar or rudder resting, and a standard ; each of these is hawk-headed. Both boats are sailing over the sky In the scene below the deceased lady Ta-hebt, the daughter of Heni-mes, and of the lady Khartet-Amsu, * See Plate XI. 124 STELE OF TA-HEBT. Stands before a table of offerings with both hands raised in adoration of Osiris, who wears %^£, and holds | and . Behind him stand the gods Harpocrates [,®, Atmu lA, Heru-netch-hra-f ]M, and the goddesses Isis and Nephthys ; each god holds the sceptre j in his left hand, and ■¥■ in his right, and each goddess holds a lotus sceptre in her left hand and ■¥- in her right. The legends above the deceased and the deities whom she adores are as follows : — ^ .<2>- "^37 ^ ci v-y- QJ| " Osiris Ta-hebt, triumphant, daughter of Heru-mes, trium- phant, and of Khartet-Amsu, triumphant. " Saith Osiris, dweller in Amentet, Unnefer, the great god, the prince of eternity." 3- TlV^II'^^ " Saith Harmachis, the great god, the lord of heaven." Z7 ^"^^^ ^ " vSaith Atmu, the lord of the lands of Annu" (Heliopolis). STELE OF TA-HEBT. I25 5. 1^ L/ ^"i^ ^ "1^ j^^_ "Saith Hem-net'- hra-f." mighty lady, the divine mother." divine sister." The text begins, " May Osiris, the dweller in " Amentet, the great god, the lord of Abydos, and " Seker-Osiris, within Apu (Panopolis) and Heru- " X^ti - Atmu, the lord of the lands of Annu " (Heliopolis) and Heru-net'-hrat-f, and Isis, the great " lady, the divine mother in Apu (Panopolis), and " Nephthys, the divine sister, and the great cycle of " the gods who dwell in Apu, give sepulchral meals, " oxen, fowl, incense, libations, unguents, linen " bandages, and all good, pure, and pleasant things " which the heavens give, and the earth bringeth " forth, and the Nile bringeth forth from his store- " house, and the sweet breeze of the north wind, to " the ka of the lady honourable before Osiris, who " dwelleth in the underworld, the great god, the lord " of Abydos, Ta-hebt, the daughter of Heru-mes, " triumphant, and of the lady Khartet-Amsu, " triumphant." 126 STELE OF TA-HEBT. The deceased lady then saith : — "Hail, Ra-Harniachis, the lord of rays, who shinest " in the eastern horizon of the sky, shine thou in the " face of Osiris Ta-hebt, triumphant." " Ta-hebt singeth hymns of praise to Ra when he " setteth. Grant that the soul of Osiris Ta-hebt " may come forth with Ra into heaven ; may it be " ordained for her to come into his boat when it " goeth in among the stars which never rest in the " heavens." The lady Ta-hebt then praiseth her lord of eternity, saying, " Hail to thee, Heru-xuti-Khepera, the " self-created one ! Thou art doubly beautiful when " thou shinest in the horizon, thou illuminest the " world with thy beams, and the gods rejoice when " they see thee in thy heavens. The goddess Unnut " is on thy brow, and the crowns of the south and " north are upon thy head ; the goddess taketh up " her place upon thy forehead. Thoth is established " upon thy prow to destroy all thine enemies in the " underworld. Let me come forth to meet thee and " to see thy beautiful Form. I have come to thee " for I would be with thee, and I would see thy disk " every day. Let me not be held back, let me not " be repulsed, let my limbs be renewed by the sight " of thy splendours even as are the noble ones who STELE OF TA-HEBT, 127 " are favoured by thee, for I am one of those who " venerated thee upon earth. Let me arrive at the " land of eternity, let me attain unto the nome of " everlaslingness. Guide thou me, O Ra, and do " thou give the sweet breath of life to me." Following this petition is an address by Ta-hebt to every priest, and scribe, and official, entreating them when they pass along the way to her tomb to make mention of her name so that it may be proclaimed before the great god, the lord of the underworld, "for," saith she, "the person whose " name is mentioned liveth." Of herself she then says, " My heart was right. " I never put myself unduly forward ; I gave bread " to the hungry, drink to the thirsty, and clothes to " the naked. My hand was open to all men. I " honoured my father and loved my mother, I was " affectionate to my brethren, and my heart was at " one with my fellow-citizens. I kept the starving " folk alive with provisions and clothes each year " that the inundation of the Nile was low." Nor did she confine her cares to the living, for she provided for the ceremonies which were performed for the benefit of those " whose souls had gone to heaven." She had trodden the divine path from her earliest childhood, and having rendered all praise and glory s 2 128 STELE OF TA-HEBT. to her God, and satisfied the priests His servants, she prays that He will establish her children in their places together with those who live for ever and ever. The text reads : — STELE OF TA-HEBT. 129 4- y ■ ■■-/ AAA-'s/NA w IIJV rOi •* D ^ □ O <^ ^ o ^ Oi [ft [TD -CSS- (^ jj^U^ © ^, (i'V) i^« :^°' 130 STELE OF TA-HEBT. K*=t O <^ - _Lfl T' °°> '-^ 1 IX ^=i ^=:^ ^^ ^ I'zll © J •<2>- J c^ ITU i^^ .==£> ^^ ^ W ^na^. VVT O AAA^y'A ^li \ \ ^^ D O £? t (^ ^ n faf y^ o ^ o AftAA/V\ 1 Ci U=5(^ O S «e [O. ^ .^?^? s j,:-q .^ 1 STELE OF TA-HEBT. 131 IP I A« . I ^ AAA^A/. T-r w ^^S=f 5k -^ V o •^ 1 ^ raJ-^^2^1 (5 Enn, I '^- I ^^3 dlJ ^^ Sill I'^^IMI I ^1 132 STELE OF TA-HEBT, v^^izmm-\i^r AAAAAA I I I •A^4^TffkP^fliV>l >=^ ^ m c^ W f'^m^. ^l^:^l¥ xc. v8.S^^ I I I I I VI ^ ^^ AAAAAA vy^ /^^AAAA /VVAA/*A I — »^ Q ^T--^ ^^ Jl^ iff STELE OF TA-HERT. 133 n AAAA/VA AAAA/VA /I^ Jl' 18. I i!H^ I I I vy 19. J\ ^1^:5^ 1 ti^ ) 7^ ^ I # o I I <:^ I n ® # ^ ^ %5 I o I =-=•1 q*>^ 20. 134 STELE OF TA-HEBT. AAAAAA ^ Q^ I (2 I 1 ^ W O 2 2. J^r-l'tVs.' <5 (3 c«o-=3 ^ I n ^ O I I o I 355SfP AAAAAA A'vAAAA ^ 1 A'SAAA^ W^^/VV .^ I f Ptolemaic Period. From Akhmim. Height, 2 ft. 6 in. x i8 in. Plate XII. Sepulchral Tablet of Pet-Bast, a Priest of Panopolis. No. 53. STELE OF PET-BAST." 53. Fine limestone stele, with rounded top, (]. In the rounded portion are the following : — 1. Winged disk, beneath which are two jackals, couchant, one on each side of a standard surmounted by plumes. 2. The deceased adoring Ra-Harmachis, and the inscription : — 1 hi D HI mm Ci ^ O -J vy- * See Plate XII. T 2 136 STELE OF PET-BAST. 3. The deceased adoring the Sun-god in the boat =^ 1 ^ D of the setting sun, and the legend i< 1) f The inscriptions on this stele state that Pet-Bast was a royal scribe, and that he was the son of the Heru who was an zifed, and scribe, and priest of the ka, and the 2i^ei> of Seb, and the scribe of the divine hall of Amsu. The text which covers the lower part of the stele consists of extracts from hymns to the Sun-god ; as they are well-known they are not repro- duced in type. Ptolemaic Period. From Akhmim. Height, 2 ft. 5 in. x 17I in. 54. Sepulchral stele of a woman, on which the deceased is depicted standing by the side of a table of offerings and a libation vase ; the workmanship is very rough, and the rudely cut hieroglyphics show that it belongs to a late period. The inscription reads : — C^ STELE OF PET-BAST. 137 By the side of the face is inscribed ]ii ^A^/^A'^ .VSMvw and lower down we have :- Ci o ViXStvO n w Late Period. n Height, 13 in. x 8^ in. 55. Calcareous stone stele with rounded top, upon which are inscribed the two xdchats ; below is a figure of the deceased standing before a table of offerings. The inscription is of the usual character, and reads : — k n ^^"^ A D ^11-tJt 2. Ill III Ml III ^ ^ ^000 I I 1 Nos. 57 and 58. FUNERAL BOAT* AND WOODEN CLAMP. 57. Wooden model of a boat with a crew of twenty men. In the bows is seated a man, and a man stands in the stern. Probably of the Vlth dynasty. From Meir. 58. Hard wood clamp inscribed ==== f O i"^^^ neb tmii Men-Madt-Rd^ " lord of the two lands, Mcn- Maat-Ra" (Seti I., King of Egypt, about B.C. 1370). From Abvdos. Length, i6| in. i] A \\. •^r^'A ■J- ^-..^' WTT' /T'l Nos. 56, 59—70. FIGURES OF PRIESTS, OFFICIALS, ETC. 56. Head from a black granite statue of a priestly official ; on the right shoulder is a part of the car- touche of the king whom he served, and on the back the following characters only remain : — ^ XXth dynasty. From Thebes. Height, 10 in. 59. Black granite statue of Sebek-nekht, the son of the lady of the house Arit. The two lines of inscription on the sides of the pedestal read : — 1W 'i^ L=^' r3 Ancient Empire. Height, 7^ in. 60. Black granite seated statue of a king, bearded, and wearing a square crown ; above his forehead is a uraeus. His left hand holds the emblem of life ^, and rests upon his knee. Upon the sides of the 14° FIGURES OF PRIESTS, OFFICIALS, ETC. throne are the emblems of Upper and Lower Egypt, and between them is the emblem of life T ^1 . Upon the left arm of the statue is inscribed the pre- nomenofThothmes III. T© t^^ ^T King of Egypt, about B.C. 1600, The features of the statue are thick and heavy, and the whole face has the cast of an Ethiopian. Height, i ft. 6 in. STATUE OF lUPA. 61. Black granite kneeling figure of the scribe lupa M ^^^%* holding a shrine upon which is the head of a ram. On the right side of the shrine is the cartouche of the "divine queen, Aahmes-nefert-ari,t "-'"^[^— ]"1^C -M^l f]- and on the left side is the prenomen of one of the Amen-hetep kings, "lord of diadems, Amen-hetep," |. (sic). In the front of the ;] * See Plate XVI. t She was the queen of .Vmasis I., King of Egypt about B.C. 1700. t The four Amen-heteps reigned between B.C. 1666-1466. •"■M^. luPA THE Scribe, Superintendent of the Palace of Rameses II. FIGURES OF PRIESTS, OFFICIALS, ETC. I41 shrine are three lines of inscription containing the names and titles of : — 2. 1. 3. 1. " Amen-Ra, king of the gods, lord of heaven and prince of Thebes. 2. "Mut, great lady, the lady of Asheru,* the mistress of all the gods. 3. " Khonsu in Thebes, Nefer-hetep, and Thoth lord of Hermonthis." On the back of the statue are two perpendicular lines of inscription which read : — up^iTje^q^ A quarter of Thebes. 142 FIGURES OF PRIESTS, OFFICIALS, ETC. o&n V!t 1. "May Amen-Ra, president of the Apts,* grant life, strength, and health to the ka of lupa, triumphant, the highly favoured of the beautiful god, the ' leader ' of the festival of Amen." 2. " May Mut, lady of heaven, and Khonsu-Nefer- hetep grant a happy span of life to the ka of lupa, triumphant, the royal scribe, the superintendent of the great house, the overseer of the workmen em- ployed in all the buildings of his Majesty." The four corners of the pedestal, around which runs a line of inscription, are somewhat broken, but the following fragments of the text remain : — On the front : Ng?^ ^^=^ ^' 6> Ui »^.=.^ ] The modern Karnak. Plate XIV. Figures of Neb-sen the Scribe, and his Sister Nebt-ta, A Lady of the College of Amen-Ra at Thebes. FIGURES OF PRIESTS, OFFICIALS, ETC. 1 43 On left side: feS ^^^^ 1\ I oi \J) "^ A 1 /vw^w 1 1 // i/ TTs Jyld 1=0 ■< > I On right Side: ^ ^ g^ ^ ^ ^ ^ From the inscription on the right side it is clear that Hat-aai, the son of lupa, set up great pillars in the temple of Amen, and from that on the left we learn that the deceased lupa was employed in the palace of Rameses II. On the right shoulder of the statue of lupa is the prenomen of Rameses II.* { O |5t]]i> — ^ Usr-Maat-Ra-setep-en-Ra, and on the left is the nomen "Ra-messu, beloved of Amen." n XlXth dynasty. Height, 2 ft. 3 in. FIGURES OF NEB-SEN AND NEBT-TA. 62, 63. Double seated limestone figure of the scribe Neb-sen and his sister Nebt-ta.f Both figures He reigned about 11. c. 1330. t See Plate XIV. U 2 144 FIGURES OF PRIESTS, OFFICIALS, ETC. wear a linen tunic and necklaces; the left arm of Neb-sen embraces his sister, and the right arm of Nebt-ta embraces her brother. The inscription down the front of the figures reads : — /wa^aI l/vvsAAAnpi .W\ 1. "May there be sepulchral meals in the Apts upon the table of the lord of the gods to the ka of the scribe of the treasury of the lord of the two lands, Neb-sen, triumphant ! 2. " May there be all sepulchral offerings upon the table of Mut, the lady of Asher, to the ka of the lady of the house, the singer of Isis, the divine mother, Nebt-ta, triumphant ! " On the front of the pedestal is inscribed ^ ^^ '^^'^ n -T" ""** "Behold their son making their I I I I I /v^^^^^ name to \w7" ; |f^ "Y '^fj^l P ^ "^he FIGURES OF PRIESTS, OFFICIALS, ETC. H5 scribe of the treasury of Amen, Usr-hat ; and 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0< r i 1 4 "The son, the scribe of the treasury of Amen, Neb-mehu, triumphant ! " On the right side of the pedestal, inlaid in blue, are six lines of inscription on behalf of Neb-sen, which read : — ^A=^1 ^AAAA/^ AAA/v/VV fek^ on^ I M^l •^ I <^ r-vr-\ ^ I X J^ C3IZ) I I I ^""■^ 13 I /VWsAA L ^ nr o U A^'^AAA I I I © F "May Amen, the establisher of the universe, grant a royal oblation to Neb-sen, the scribe of the Treasury of the lord of the two lands, triumphant before the beautiful god, the lord of eternity. May he grant to him a memorial for good in his town, may his ka be nourished upon light, and may his soul be satisfied with the sepulchral meals and with the placing of 146 FIGURES OF PRIESTS, OFFICIALS, ETC. funeral gifts, and with the constant supply of flowers, fruit and vegetables which shall be brought and laid before him ceaselessly and for ever." On the left side of the pedestal, inlaid in blue, are five lines of inscription on behalf of Nebt-ta, which read : — a D \J 2 ^ 111 I A^v^A/^ f7\ yvvvVvA t "7 I 1 Y "7 / '^ , , y y , ^-—^ > ' ^^ ^ ^ " May Mut, lady of Asher, the mistress of all the gods, and Isis, the great lady of enchantments grant a royal oblation to the ka of Nebt-ta, the lady of the house, triumphant ! May they grant [to her] sepulchral meals, oxen, ducks, linen bandages, wax, oil, wine and flowers of all kinds regularly upon the altar in the Apts daily " On the slab at the back of the two figures are the two utchats ^^ ^^^1 the shen Q, etc., and five FIGURES OF PRIESTS, OFFICIALS, ETC. I 47 perpendicular lines of hieroglyphics inlaid in blue, which read : — FIGURES OF PRIESTS, OFFICIALS, ETC. I. "May Sebek-Ra, lord 3. "May Anubis, president of of Suaanu, grant a the divine house {i.e., the royal oblation. May he grant glory, and power, and a 2. "coming forth as a tomb), grant a royal ob- lation. May he grant the germination of the dead body in living soul with of- "4. the underworld, and a ferings of tchefau going in and a coming food every day to out from the passages of the tomb, without repulse of soul, accord- ing to the wish of 5. "the ka of the scribe of the Treasury of the lord of the two lands. Neb-sen, triumphant ! and to his loving sister, the lady of the house, Nebt-ta, triumphant " ! Height, I ft. 3 in. FIGURE OF AMEx\-EM-APT. 64. Black basalt kneeling figure of Amen-em-apt a a royal scribe and director of the festivals of Amen-Ra at Thebes. The inscriptions Sec Plate XV. Amen-em-apt, a Scribe and Director of the Festivals OF Amen Ra at Thebes. Plate XVII. 'I,. Rameses hi. King of Egypt about b.c. 1200. Plate XVIII, Wooden Figure of a Priest. Early Empire. From GIzeh. FIGURES OF PRIESTS, OFFICIALS, ETC. 1 49 are passages from hymns to the sun in use during the XVIIIth dynasty. From Thebes. About b.c. 1600. Height I ft. 5^ in. WOODEN FIGURE OF THE EARLY EMPIRE. 65. Wooden figure of a man on a wooden pedestal ; the left hand is raised to the shoulder. The features are of the same type as those of the figures found in the mastaba tombs of the Early Empire. From Gizeh. Height, I ft. 35 in. 65a. Wooden portrait figure of a man. Height, 8iVin. RAMESES III. 66. Upper part of a black basalt statue of Rameses III.,* King of Egypt, about B.C. 1200 ; the cartouches of the king are on the arms. From Thebes. Height, i ft. 3^ in. 67. Black granite figure of the scribe Apui ?i [in ^ , upon a rounded pedestal; in front is a * See Plate XVII. 150 FIGURES OF PRIESTS, OFFICIALS, ETC. figure of the god Osiris in relief. The deceased was connected with the service of Amsu and Isis, and the four Hnes of inscription on the back of the statue record his obedience and love of praising the king his lord, and the great favour with which the king regarded him. Height, i ft. 3I in. FIGURES OF PlAUI AND TAKHARIT. 68. Black granite upright figures of Piaui and his wife Takharit,* a lady of the College of Amen-Ra at Thebes ; on the back are four lines of hieroglyphics containing prayers for sepulchral offerings ; they read : — I I I ^^D 111 llllA^ III 61 J ^w I U I 3' U n r, ... „ I s4 ^^^ (5 111 A © j!^ .«^l ^w^ t From Thebes. Height, i ft. i in • See riate XIX. Figures of Piaui and Takharit, a Lady of the College of Amen-Ra at Thebes. FIGURES OF PRIESTS, OFFICIALS, ETC. 69. Green basalt head of a priest, or high official, with inlaid stone eyes. XXVIth dynasty. Height, 6 in. 69a. Brown basalt head from a statue of a royal sistrum-bearer. From Thebes. XVIIIth dynasty, about B.C. 1500. Height, gin. 69b. Basalt head from the statue of a prince. About B.C. 800. Height, 8 in. 70. Upper part of a black basalt figure of a man. Late Period. Height, 3^ in. X 2 No. 71. BRONZE LIBATION BUCKET." 71. Bronze libation bucket, with handle, made for the hereditary chief of a tribe, the chancellor, the smer-2(dt, the veritable royal kinsman Shashanq, trium- phant, the son of Heru-sa-Auset, the son of the lady of the house Theheb-Tehuti, triumphant ! Beneath a star bespangled sky are ten perpendicular hnes of hieroglyphics, which read : — Jli!; □ -'^^ iii^Z^ \Ci c^ f^^^ i^:^i-iJT-jSE-i ==^ ^i^pt^4tiq; n See Plate XX. Plal Bronze Votive Libation Bucket made for Shashanq. BRONZE LIBATION BUCKET. 153 1 ^ IMl K 1 i< R^ o n I ra J c^^-- MT -its O. /V/VWA ^C3^ 1. ill n I A 11-?^ D © I I , r^^^ >ZDC I 1 1 /^vvw\ Ci O 154 BRONZE LIBATION BUCKET. "Behold may this libation be to thee, O Osiris, president of the underworld, great god, lord of Abydos ! May this libation be to thee, O Osiris, the hereditary prince, the chancellor, the smer-udt* veri- table royal relative, loving him, superintendent of the great house of the neier-tuat,\ Shashanq, triumphant, son of the president, the dm-khent\ of the neter-tuat, Heru-sa-Auset, triumphant ! His mother [was] the lady of the house Thehebet-Tehuti, triumphant ! Is brought to thee this thy libation ; Isis and Nephthys bring to thee these thy libations, and they are made (?) in the house of Amen, in which thou art. Mayest thou live through them, mayest thou be strong through them, may libations be poured out [to thee] from choice vessels, O Osiris, the superintendent of the great house of the neter-tuat, Shashanq, triumphant ! Mayest thou come forth at the order (to be said four times). His loving daughter, a singer and a lady of Amen, Nit-Aqer (Nitocris). Height, 9I in. 72. Bronze libation bucket with two handles. Height, 5I in. 73. Bronze model of a libation bucket. Length, i^ in. * An ancient title of nobility. t The name of an office held by people of high rank. X The name of a priestly ofiice. Plate XXI. Bronze Mirror. Nos. 74, 75. BRONZE MIRROR" AND MENAT. 74. Bronze mirror having its handle ornamented with heads of Hathor. XXth dynasty. Length, io| in. 75. Portion of a bronze menat for fixing to a large statue of Ptah or some other god. On the narrow band is a scene in relief in which the goddess Isis, wearing disk and horns, stands in a shrine and suckles Horus or Harpocrates. At the lower part of the band where it joins the oval disk are ursei ; that on the right hand wears the crown of Upper Egypt A, and that on the left the crown of Lower Egypt \f. In the centre of the disk, in relief, is Harpocrates wearing the triple crown 3^^, and seated on a lotus flower. To the right, with hands raised in adoration, is the goddess Isis, wearing W on her head ; and to the left, seated on a throne, is a winged urseus wearing the crown of Upper Egypt. The surface of the bronze was originally gilded. This bronze is an example of a class of objects of considerable interest and rarity. Length, 8f in. * See Plate XXI. Nos. 75a— 153. USHABTIU FIGURES AND BOX. Ushabtiu is the name given by the ancient Egyptians to figures made of alabaster, wood, glazed faience, etc., which were inscribed with the 6th chapter of the Book of the Dead, and placed in the tomb to do for the deceased whatever labours were decreed for him to perform in the underworld. These figures are made in the form of the god Osiris, i.e., in the form of a mummy ; the two hands are crossed over the breast, the one holds a hoe and cord and basket, the other an instrument for digging. In the text the deceased addresses the figure, and says, " O ushabtiu, if there be any work apportioned to be done by Osiris {i.e., the deceased) in the underworld, may all obstacles be removed for him according to his desire." To this the figure answers, " Here am I ready when- ever ye call." The deceased next says, "O ushabtiu, be ever watchful to labour, to sow the fields, to fill the canals with water, and to carry sand from the West to USHABTIU FIGURES AND BOX. 157 the East." To this the figure answers, "Here am I ready whenever ye call." The hieroglyphic text reads : — a usebtiu apen ar apt - tu O ushabtiu ikese, if be decreed il Ausar er ari kat neb arit en am Osiris to do ivork any \_which is'] to be done there em Neter xert au - tu hu set'ebu in the underworld^ be there smitten down obstructions /G am em sa er x^rt - f makua therefor a person according to his ivish. Here a?n I \1 tu I I I I lc=£=f=3 III O ka - ten sap - ten er ennu [when] ye call. Watch ye at moment 158 USHABTIU FIGURES AND BOX. n ^ neb ari am er serut sexet every to luork t/iere, to make to grow the fields, X ^A^A^/> i -si) 111 U er semeh utebu er to make full of water the canals, to xent carry sa en Amentet er Abtet makua sa^d of the 7vest to the east. Here am I ka - 0en \when\ ye call. IhPs.. Wooden ushabti figure made for Seti I., King of Egypt, about B.C. 1370, and inscribed with a version of the 6th chapter of the Book of the Dead ; it was originally wholly covered with a layer of bitumen. The text reads : — USHABTIU FIGURES AND BOX. 1 59 iq:q-^]^T Oi[-]^^il -<2>- ^ 111 a^^M^lslJ cxot From Der el-bahari. Height, 8^ in. 75b. Fine alabaster ushahti figure of a woman (?). The name is traced in black ink upon the centre of the projecting tunic between two red lines ; it is now illegible. The flowing hair, eyebrows, bracelets, etc., are traced in black. From Abydos. 'Before the XVIIIth dynasty. Height, yf in. 75c. Limestone ushabti figure of an unnamed Egyptian official inscribed with Chapter XXXb of the Book of the Dead. The text reads : — -<2:- [space for name] ? .^ ^ ^ TT "^ ^ '•JShl- L left blank J rl^l I p_r ^ 1 ^ Y 2 i6o USHABTIU FIGURES AND BOX. -<2>- n zi ^ /^Cx ^j was the son of Osiris and Isis, who was begotten by his father after death ; he typified a form of the morning sun. 178a. Bronze figure of Isis, seated upon a throne and suckhng her child Horus. Height, 6^ in. 179. Bronze figure of Isis suckhng Horus. Height, 6 in. 180. Green glazed faience figure of the goddess Isis suckhng her child Horus. She wears the disk and horns X^. Height, 3 in. 181. Green glazed fa'ietue figure of Isis suckling Horus. Height, i^in. 182. Green glazed famice figure of Isis suckling Horus J the goddess has disk and horns' upon her head. Height, 2 in. 183. Green glazed fdietice figure of Isis suckling Horus , the goddess has disk and horns upon her head. Height, 2 in. 184. Green glazed faience figure of Isis suckling Horus the goddess has disk and horns upon her head. Height, i^^in. lyo BRONZE, WOODEN, AND FAIENCE 185. Green glazed faience figure of Isis suckling Horus ; the goddess has the ti crown on her head. Height, 2^ in. 186. Light green glazed faience pendent figure of the goddess Isis. Height, | in. 187. 188. Blue glazed pendent faience figures of Isis suckling Horus. Height, | in. The goddess Isis was the wife of Osiris, the god and judge of the dead. 189. Bronze figure of Khensu-nefer-hetep.* Height, 8| in. The god Khensu-nefer-hetep IT J| was worshipped chiefly at Thebes ; he typified a form of the moon-god. 190. Upper part of a lapis-lazuli figure of Khnemu. Height, I in. The god Khnemu ^ ^v ^ % was the creator of man, whom he fashioned on a potter's wheel ; the chief seat of his worship was at Phila;, an island at the southern end of the First Cataract. * See Plate XXIII., No. i. Plate XXII] > V ->-: 2 Neith. 1 Khensu-nefer-hetep. FIGURES OF THE GODS. 171 191. Blue glazed faience figure of the god Nefer- Tmu. Height, 3 in. 192. Blue glazed faience figure of the god Nefer- Tmu. Height, 2^ in. 193. Grayish-green glazed faience seated figure of Nefer-Tmu. Height, i in. Nefer-Tmu I ^ ^ V^ JJ was the son of Ptah and Sechet or Bast. 194. Bronze figure of Neith.* Height, 9^ in. The goddess Nit j], i.e., the "Shooter" or "Weaver," was identified both with Mut and Hathor ; the chief seat of her worship was at Sais. 195. Blue glazed faience figure of the goddess Nephthys. Height, 2|in. The goddess Nebt-het TT S J) > the Nephthys of the Greeks, was the daughter of Seb and Nut, and the wife of Set. In funeral scenes she stands at the head of the bier of her brother Osiris, by whom, according to one legend she became the mother of Anubis. * See Plate XXIII., No. 2. 172 BRONZE, WOODEN, AND FAIENCE FIGURES. 196, 197. Blue glazed fa'iejice kneeling figure of the goddess Nut with outstretched wings ; she wears on her head the disk and horns \^ . Around the wings and figure are holes ^^'hereby it was sewn to the bandage of the mummy. From Abydos. Lengths, 9f in., yf in. 198. Blue ^d,zt(\ faience figure of the goddess Nut having the double crown ^ on her head. Height, i^in. Nut, the goddess of the sky, was the wife of Seb, and was the mother of Osiris, Isis, Set, Nephthys, Anubis, Shu, and Tefnut. 199. Bronze figure of the god Osiris, the judge of the dead and lord of the underworld. Height, lo in. 200. Bronze figure of Osiris wearing the afef crown ^f , and uraeus, and holding in his hands the crook I , and flail ^\, emblems of sovereignty and dominion. Height, 5 in. 201. Blue glazed faienee figure of Ptah-Seker-Ausar wearing disk and horns ; this god was connected with the resurrection. Height, i^ in, 202. Blue glazed faie/ice figure of Ptah-Seker-Ausar. Height, if in. Plata XXIV. J The Goddess Sekhet. FIGURES OF THE GODS. 1 73 203. Blue ^d.zz^ faience figure of Ptah-Seker-Ausar. Height, 1 5 in, 204. Blue g\:xzQd faience figure of Ptah-Seker-Ausar. Height, li in. 205. Blue ^azed faience figure of Ptah-Seker-Ausar. Height, i^ in. 206. Green glazed faience figure of Ptah-Seker- Ausar. Height, I J in. 207. Dark blue glazed faience pendent figure ot Ptah-Seker-Ausar. Height, x\in. The triune god Ptah-Seker-Ausar P v ^ r| J\ was the god of the resurrection. 208. Blue gXsized faience figure of Ra with disk. Height, I in. 209. Silver figure of Ra wearing the double crown ^- Height, I i in. Ra ' ri[' ^^^ Sun-god, was probably the first god worshipped in Egypt. 210. Seated bronze figure of the goddess Sekhei* with urseus on her head ; the badly cut inscription seems to indicate that it was a votive offering of See plate XXIV. 2 A 174 BRONZE, WOODEN, AND FAIENCE Peta-Ausar rj J\ . On the back of the throne are cut a winged hawk with disk, holding plumes, and a cluster of lotus flowers ; and on the side is the emblem of the union of the two Egypts, Height, I ft. lo^in. 211. Blue glazed faience figure of Sekhet standing on two lions. Height, 45 in. 212. Blue glazed faience standing figure of Sekhet. Height, 3I in. 213. Green ^liZt^ faience standing figure of Sekhet, Height, 2\ in. 214. Green ^zz^^ faience standing figure of Sekhet. Height, 2 in. 215. Green glazed figure of Sekhet. Height, if in. 216. Blue glazed faience standing figure of Sekhet. Height, 1 1 in, 217. Green glazed faience figure of the goddess Sekhet, Height, if in, 218. Blue glazed faience standing figure of Sekhet having on her head disk, horns, and plumes. Height, 2 1 in. 219. Blue glazed faience standing figure of Sekhet having on her head disk, horns, and plumes. Height, 2^ in. FIGURES OF THE GODS 175 220. Blue glazed fdietice standing figure of Sekhet having Dn her head disk, horns, and Dlumes. Height, i|in. 221. Blue glazed faience standing figure of Sekhet wearing the double crown ^ , Height, 2g in. 222. Blue glazed faience standing figure of Sekhet wearing the double crown -u . Height, 2 in. 223. Blue glazed faience standing figure of Sekhet wearing the double crown ^ . Height, i| in. 224. Green gXdiZed faience standing figure of Sekhet having , X uraeus over her forehead. Height, 2j in. 225. Green glazed faience Sekhet with a kitten at her feet Height, I fin. 226. Blue glazed faience standing figure of Sekhet having a urceus over her forehead. Height, if in. 227. Green ^a.ztd faience standing figure of Sekhet having a urseus over her forehead. Height, if in. 228. Blue ^?iZQdi faience seated fig ure of Sekhet. Height, if in. 229. Green glazed seated figure of Sekhet. Height, i^ in. 230. Blue ^a.ztd faience seated fig ure of Sekhet. Height, 2| in. 2 A 2 176 BRONZE, WOODEN , AND FAIENCE 231. Blue glazed /a/W/i;-^ seated figure of Sekhet. Height, 2\ in. 232. Blue glazed faience seated figure of Sekhet. Height, 2| in. 233. Blue '^xzQd fa)'e?ice seated figure of Sekhet. Height, i-^in. 234. Blue gldiZtd faience seated figure of Sekhet. Height, i-i^gin. 235. Blue gisized faience seated figure of Sekhet. Height, xV in. 235a . Blue glazed faience seated figure of the goddess Sekhet holding a sistrum. Height, 25 in. 236. Bronze figure of the god I-em-hetep, holding an opened roll of papyrus upon his knee. Height, 3f in. 236.^ L. Bronze figure of ] -em-hetep. Height, 6 in. The god I-em-hetep L v: V ^ J, thelmouthis of the ( jreek writers, was the son of Ptah and Nut, j and tlie lord of medicine. 237. Light green glazed pendent figure of the goddess Sekhet. Height, -^ in. 237a. Bronze standing figure of the goddess Sekhet. Height, 5^ in. 238. Gilded lapis-lazuli 5 .landing figure of Sekhet. Height, i|in. FIGURES OF THE GODS. 1 77 239. Gilded lapislazuli seated figure of Sekhet holding an utcJiat '^^ in her left hand. Height, 1 1 in. 240. Blue glazed faietice figure of the goddess Ta-urt ^\ , the Thoueris of the Greek writers, wearing horns and disk X^. Height, 2|in. 241. Portion of a green glazed faience figure of the goddess Ta-urt ^k . Height, 3^ in. 242. Blue glazed faience figure of the goddess Ta-urt ^ , for fastening to the beadwork covering of a mummy. Height, li in. 243. Light green glazed Thoueris wearing horns, disk, and plumes on her head. Height, 2 in. 244. Blue glazed Thoueris wearing horns, disk, and plumes on her head. Height, igin. 245. Whitish-yellow glazed Thoueris wearing horns, disk, and plumes on her head. Height, i| in. 246. Lapis-lazuli pendent figure of Thoueris. Height, ^ in. 247-250. The four children of Horus in white, green, and black glazed /a/cz/rt?. 247. Amset, human-headed. Length, 4I in. 178 BRONZE, WOODEN, AND FAIENCE 248. Hapi, dog-headed. Length, 5 in. 249. Tuamautef, jackal-headed. Length, 5 in. 250. Qebhsennuf, hawk-headed. Length, 4^ in. 251. White, green and black glazed faience figure of Amset. Length, 4I in. 252. White, green and black ^^.zt^ faience figure of Tuamautef. Length, 5^ in. 253. Blue glazed faience plaque with a figure of Tuamautef in relief. The edges are pierced with holes for sewing it to the bandage of the mummy. Length, 1 1 in. 254. White, green and black glazed /^/^z/r^ figure of Qebhsennuf. Length, \\ in. 255. Green glazed /z/6V/^ 8 (](] "^ J) was the female counterpart of a form of the Sun-god (/>., "the living soul of Ra," ^ ^ ® worshipped in Mendes. 257. Bronze figure of a double hawk-headed deity (Heru-^uti?) wearing plumes. Height, a^in. ""^^^ wi )' ^^'^^° ^^''^s FIGURES OF THE GODS. 179 258. Blue glazed faience seated figure of a hawk- headed god wearing plumes ll|. Height, i in. 259. Dark green glazed /r?/6V/(-^ figure of a god. Height, i^ in. 260. Dark green glazed faience figure of a god. Height, i^in. 261. Silver head of a goddess with uraeus and double crown V/ on her head. Height, i^ in. 262-266. Five %x{v2^ faience figures of gods. Heights, \ in.-§ in. 267. Green glazed faience head of a pendent figure of a god. Length, | in. Nos. 268— 316. BIRDS, BEASTS , FISHES, REPTILES, ETC., SACRED TO THE GODS. 268. Lapis-lazuU figure of a ram having four 1 leads. Length, i|in. 269, Lapis-lazuli figure of a ram having four heads. Length , fin. 270. Green glazed steatite ram couchant. Length, ^in. 271. Black painted plaster figure of a ; ackal. sacred to Anubis. Length, 3iin- 272. Bronze cat, sacred to Bast, lady of Bu Dastis. Height, S^iri- 273. Blue ^u\zQ(\ faience cat. Height , 2 in. 274. Blue glazed /<7/t7/^^ cat. Height, i;^ in. 275. Blue glazed /a/tv/tv cat. Height, i\ in. 276. Blue glazed /i.-.-tv/^j cat. Height, i^in BIRDS, ETC., SACRED TO THE GODS. l8l 277. Blue ^d.zeA faience cat with kitten. Height, 1^ in. 278. Blue glazed /r/^/w cat with kitten. Height, i^ in. 279-281. Three blue and green glazed faie7ice figures of a cat. Heights, | in. to -^ in. 282. Blue glazed faience mouse inscribed on the basej^. Length, -i§j in. 283. Bluish-green glazed faietice mouse inscribed on the base | ^ Ta-uat'-meri (?). Length, | in. 284. Green glazed steatite mouse inscribed on the base with winged disk having pendent ursi and VD' Length, i in. 285. Green glazed steatite mouse inscribed on the base Unt ^^. Length, f in. 286. Green glazed steatite double mouse. Length, \ in. 287. Green glazed steatite double figure of an animal. Length, | in. 288. Blue ^diZt^ faience sow feeding. Length, if in. 289. Blue ^zi^^ faience sow feeding. Length, i^ in. 2 B BIRDS, BEASTS, FISHES, ETC., 290. Carnelian pendant: head of a lion. Length, j\ in. 291. Blue g\a.zed fa'/e nee dog-headed ape, Aj, sacred to Thoth. Height, 2 J in. 292. Bkie glazed faience figure of the dog-headed ape of Thoth, having on his head crescent and disk. Length, i| in. 293. Green glazed faience pendent dog-headed ape. Height, | in. 294. Bronze dog-headed ape wearing crescent and disk. Height, 3^ in. 295. Bronze shrew-mouse. Length, 3I in. 296. Rectangular bronze case for holding a mum- mied shrew-mouse; on the top, supported by two pillars, is a shrew-mouse in solid bronze. Length, 2-^ in. 297. Bronze mummied cat case in the form of a cat ; in the right ear is a gold earring. Height, 6^' in. 298. P>ronzc case, pylon-shaped, for holding the mvunmics of kittens ; on the top are two seated cats ill solid bronze. Length, 4;^ in. SACRED TO THE GODS. 1 83 299. Bronze ibis with the feather of Maat Height, i^ in. 300. Lapis lazuU hawk with pierced projection on the back whereby it was suspended to a collar. Height, -^ in. 301. Head from a green basalt statue of an official, XXVIth dynasty. Height, ii| in. 302. Green g\azed /a'/ence hawk, sacred to Horus, having upon his head the double crown ^ . Height, i^ in. 303. Green glazed steatite duck. On the base is inscribed a cruciform ornament with four ursei. Length, -| in. 304. Green glazed steatite duck. On the base is inscribed a cruciform ornament with four ursei. Length, yV in. 305. Green glazed steatite duck. On the base is a device composed of ^ and lotus flowers. Length, ^ in. 306. Carnelian duck. Length, ^^^ in. 307. Bronze urseus wearing disk and horns. Height, 4I in, 308. Blue glazed faience frog inscribed on the base " Bast, giver of life," ][ ^ A T" Bast (a anx- Height, \ in. lS4 BIRDS, ETC., SACRED TO THE GODS. 309. Green glazed faience frog inscribed on the base with a floral device. Height, ^ in. 310. Mother-of-emerald frog. Height, f in. 311. Blue glazed /rt/t'«r^ frog. Length, \ in. 312. Green '^•Mt^ faience frog. Length, | in. 313. Crystal frog. Length, ^ in. 314. Carnelian frog. Length, ^V i"- 315. Onyx frog. Length, | in. 316. Green glazed steatite fish ; on one side is r\ iiiiiii inscribed the name Amen-Ra [ /wvw^ i O 1 . Length, ^V in- Nos. 317—833 and 1392— 1785. SCARABS. In the south of Egypt, and in Nubia particularly, the traveller may frequently observe a greenish-black or black beetle toiling up a sand-heap, and rolling before it with its hind legs a ball, an inch and a half or two inches in diameter, made of dirt, in which it has wrapped its eggs. Naturalists have called this beetle Scarabccus sacer, and they consider it to be the type of Coprophagi or "dung-eaters." A remark- able pecuHarity exists in the structure and situation of the hind legs, for they are placed very close to the end of the body, and when the beetle rolls its ball of eggs along it seems as if it stands upon its head, and as if its head is turned away from the ball. In this insect the ancient Egyptians saw an emblem of the Sun-god, who rolls his egg across the sky daily. Like him, it was supposed to have produced itself, for all beetles were males, and Horapollo and other writers affirm that a female beetle never existed. It was said to be lS6 SCARABS. only-begotten because it was self-produced ; it repre- sented ge?ieration because of its supposed acts ; and father because it was engendered by a father only; and world because in its generation it is fashioned in the form of a world ; and man because there is no female race among them. From the Egyptian in- scriptions we now know that the beetle, which they called O (I ^^ Khejberi;, was a symbol of the god S (] Vfl "1 , who was the "father of the gods," and the creator of all things which exist in heaven and earth. He formed himself out of the matter which he himself produced, and he was identified with the night-sun at the moment when it was about to rise for a new day, and thus typified matter about to change its form of existence, or matter about to come into existence, and resurrection and new birth generally. On the flat base of the scarab the Egyptians en- graved hieroglyphic texts, the names of gods, kings, priests, devices, etc. The funeral scarabs made of green basalt form a distinct class, and are of great interest. The finest examples are set in a gold border and have a horizontal ])and of gold across the back ; the division of the wings is marked by a band of gold running at right angles to the horizontal band SCARABS. 187 to the end of the body. Green basalt scarabs were attached to the neck by gold or bronze wires, or chains, and they were laid immediately over the heart. The poorer classes of the Egyptians made use of green or blue glazed faience scarabs, which they either sewed upon the bandages, or fastened into pylon-shaped pectorals which they laid upon the breast of the dead. The green basalt scarab is usually inscribed with the text of the 30th chapter of the Book of the Dead, a composition which in its rubric is said to be as old as the IVth dynasty. For a running English translation of this chapter see supra, p. 12, and for the hieroglyphic text from the coffin of Nes-Amsu see p. 6 c ff. 317. Green basalt scarab in its original gilded copper setting, inscribed with a version of chapter 30B of the Book of the Dead. It is asserted that it belonged to the mummy for whom the coffin without name, which is described on pp. 30-41, was made; parts of the characters in the first line, which con- tains the name, are covered by the setting, but the signs ~^ u ^\ ^ are clear. Length, 3 in. 318. Black stone funeral scarab made for the scribe 6;^ /0 jwI Sa-Tehuti. It is inscribed with i8S SCARAB?. the 30th chapter of the Book of the Dead, the text of which as given upon it reads : — il^i-^C^o^ f=ii) rr~~^ A ^(j^Jr^^u 5 dm J-ILl 2 111 I I Length 2-^- in. 319. Green basalt scarab, inscribed with a faulty text of parts of the 30th chapter of the Book of the Dead. Length, 2\ in. 320. Green basalt scarab, uninscribed. Length, if in. SCARABS. 189 321. Large bluish-green glazed faience scarab with outstretched wings, pierced on the edges with holes whereby it was sewn to the outer bandage of the mummy. From Abydos. Length between the tips of the wings, ii^^^. in. 322. Large bluish-green glazed /a/^wf scarab with outstretched wings, pierced on the edges with holes whereby it was sewn to the outer bandage of the mummy. From Abydos. Length between the tips of the wings, 1 1 in. 323. Blue paste scarab pierced with seven holes whereby it was sewn to the outer bandages of the mummy. From Abydos. Length, 3I in., width, if in. 324. Gxeen faience scarab, uninscribed, for attach- ing to the bead-work of a mummy. Length, 2^ in. 325. Blue paste scarab, uninscribed, for attaching to the bead-work of a mummy. Length, 2 in. 326. Brown composition scarab, uninscribed, for attaching to the bead-work of a mummy. Length, 2^ in. 327. Green glazed /f?/^ //a' scarab, uninscribed, for attaching to the bead- work of a mummy. Length, if in. 2 c 19° SCARABS. 328. Black terra-cotta scarab, uninscribed, for attaching to the bead-work of a mummy. Lengtli, if in. 329. Pair of blue glazed faience wings from a scarab, for attaching to the bead-work of a mummy. Length, 2\ in. 330. Blue glazed faience scarab, inscribed with the name Amen [I . Length, | in. 331. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with r\ '"nil the name Amen [I , and a hawk with outspread wings. From Abydos. Length, tV in. 332. Yellow glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Amen-Ra ( (] ' h. Length, -^-^ in. 333. Yellow glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Length, | m. Amen-Ra 334. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Amen- Ra (11 ' ). Length, fin. N I AVA/^^ I V 335. Blue paste scarab, inscribed Amen-Ra ). Length -j",- m. SCARABS. 191 336. White marble cowroid, inscribed Amen-Ra [ .^^/vN. From Abydos. IQ 1 Length -— in. 337. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Amen- Ra ( ' ' ®. From Abydos. 1 /"vWWN 1 Length, ^/^ in. 338. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Araen- Ra 1 ,wwvx . t rom Abydos. i O 1 Length, ^ in. 339. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed Pi ,111111 i^ Amen-Ra 1 wwsa . From Abydos. 1 O 1 Length, ^% in. 340. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Amen- Ra 1 /w.^ . From Abydos. ^ O 1 Length, y% in. 341. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed " Favoured of Amen-Ra," [ w^vaa v 1 O 1 ^l- i Amen-Ea hes. From Abydos. Length, f in. 342. Green glazed steatite scarab. inscribed Amen- Ra I . From Abydos. 1 /VV^/\A 1 Length, | in. 343. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Amen- Raf ( 1 1 ^ . From Abydos. 1 A/v^/^ K Length, | in. 344. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Amen- p> 1 1 1 M 11. Q Ra I . Irom Abydos. 1 AA/V^/V\ 1 Length, ^^ i"- 2 c 2 192 SCARABS. 345. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Amen- Ra (I .wvwv . From Abydos. Length, | in. 346. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed Amen-Ra ( (I ^wwaaM. Fro m Abydos. Length, i in. 347. Green glazed steatite scaraboid, inscribed Amen-Ra f [1 ^^^ j . From Abydos. Length, | in. G I 348. Black stone scarab on which traces of the name Amen-Ra M ,,vwva remain. From Abydos. 101 Length, ^ in. 349. Rectangular green glazed steatite plaque, pierced, inscribed Amen-Ra n /wwvN j. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 350. Lapis-lazuli scaraboid, inscribed Amen-Ra . From Abydos. Length, -^\- in. 35L Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Amen- j^. nd±i^O Length, ^'L in. I r///N. I 352. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with figures of the gods Amen, Ra, and Anubis ; above arc two signs which may be [1 , Amen-Ra. From Abydos. Length, \\ i'^- SCARABS. 193 353. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed " Amen-Ra," etc. (| ^ Dn ■ From Abydos. Length, ^V i"- 354. Liglit blue glazed faience scarab, inscribed "Amen, the valorous one of all lands," (I >r^cs. Iw-om Abydos. Length, | in. SCARAHS. 195 369. Rectangular green glazed steatite plaque, set in its original gold frame. On one side in relief is Horus !^ , standing among lotus flowers, and faced by Thoueris, who wears on her head X^ ', on the p^ 1 fj;;^ ALT other side is the legend S^^O ' ^ • trom Abydos. Length, -^; in. 370. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed " Horus of the two lands " ^^ 1 1 Heru taui. From Abydos. Length, -^^ in. 371. Green glazed steatite scarab, mounted in the original gold frame, inscribed Maiit a • From Abydos. Length, | in. 372. Green glazed/7/(?«r^ scarab, inscribed Khepera ( ^ )• From Abydos. Length, -^ in. 373. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the name of Unas TT, the last kmg of the Vth dynasty, about B.C. 3300. From Abydos. Length, /g in. 374. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed on the one side with the prenomen of L-sertsen L 196 SCARABS. C^mS^ \_J Ea-7iub-ka, and on the other with the name Amen-hetep, [J — ^^ . From Abydos. Length, \ in. 375. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Usertsen I., O ni;;?! \_\ nub-ka-Rd, king of Egypt about B.C. 2400. Length, ^V i'"'- 376. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ff^^ Aiiab-Rd iiie?i id 7iefer men td df^Xi " Au-ab- "y, " Ra, the stable one, the giver of life, the I A JI A " stable one, the giver of happiness." O From Abydos. Length, -j% in. 377. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Amen-hetep L, ^T R(i-tcheser-kat, kmg of Egypt about B.C. 1660. From Abydos. Length, \ in. I 378. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed " Son of the Sun, beautiful god ^ " Tcheser-ka-Rd (Amen-hetep L), /(\ " giver of life and power. All life " [to him], and all happiness, and all good luck, and all stability." From Abydos. Length, ^ in. \\ M u 1 A a r,r SCARABS. 197 379. Green glazed steatite scarab, in its original ring, inscribed with a sphinx and ]Ig[)| ) neter nefer Madt-ka-Ra, "Beautiful god, Maat-ka-Ra" (Hat-shepset (?)). From Abydos. Length, -^-^ in. ; diameter of ring, i^g in. 380. Yellow glazed steatite scarab, inscribed on the base with the prenomen of Thothmes I., the " beautiful god," ^ J {^^ % U] . Length f in. 381. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed on the base I T ^^ r© tiii^ g \ " Beautiful god, lord of the two lands, Ra-men-kheper " {i.e., Thothmes IIL, king of Egypt about B.C. 1550). Length, | in. 382. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed on the base with winged disk and ursei, and a cartouche con- taining the prenomen of Thothmes IIL, [ G 1^^^^ ^ J The cartouche is supported by two urasi on each side. Length, \ in. 383. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed on the base with urreus, I^^, "Beautiful Horus," and the prenomen of Thothmes III. On the back is in- scribed ] I ( O i"^"^^ ^ ] ' " Beautiful god, Ra-men- kheper." Length, | in. 3 D tqS scarabs. 384. Green glazed scarab, inscribed on the base with a lion-headed sphinx, and "1 T ^^ Cq ^^^^^ gl f\ mint jT-s I V ■ ... ' V_ ^ (I "^OlL, " Beautiful god, lord of the two worlds, Ra-men-kheper, beloved of Amen-Ra." Length, f in. 385. Green stone scarab, inscribed on the base with the prenomen of Thothmes III. Length, ^ in. G 386. Dark blue glazed steatite scarab, in- /^~^ scribed with the prenomen of Thothmes IIL, Men-kheper-Rd, king of Egypt about B.C. 1550, and with spirals. From Abydos. \ "' ) Length, II in. ^^-^^ 387. Green glazed steatite oval plaque, pierced : on the one side is an utchat ^g in relief, and on the other the prenomen of Thothmes IIL, Men-kheper-Ed, and flowers. From Abydos. S Length, | in. % SCARABS. 199 388. Green glazed steatite scarab, in- ^-^ scribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III. f \ On each side of the feathers is an urasus, r"^^^^ and on each side of the cartouche Maat From Abydos. Length, i^ in. \^ v_2 389. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III., [ OiljfiJi ^ j, and It ^^^^ ■''^dL (J heq Vast jieb xepei ?>ieri Amen, "prince of Thebes, lord of might, beloved of Amen." From Abydos. Length, | in. 390. Green glazed steatite scarab inscribed with CO the prenomen of Thothmes III., '— ^ Men-kheper-Ra. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 391. Green glazed steatite scarab, in- n ^^Q ^ scribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III., l /^ Men-kheper-Rd. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 392. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with four urcei, having their tails interlaced ; in each space is the prenomen of Thothmes III., [ CO r^^ ^ jj. From Abydos. Length, f in. 2 D 2 200 SCARABS. 393. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a sphinx, winged serpent, and prenomen of Thoth- mes III. t^ between urcei. From Abydos. Length, f in. 394. Brown glazed steatite scarab, in- scribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III. T^ gi ^^ between winged beetles. From Abydos. _ . „> ^ Length, f m. ^^ 395. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with O the prenomen of Thothmes III., ^-^^ . To the beetle ursei are attached. From Abydos. Length, {^ in. 396. Green glazed steatite scarab, in- i \ scribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III., and winged disk. From Abydos. Length, i^ in. 397. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III., "tt^ ; the beetle is winged and has pendent ursei. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. """ SCARABS. CO 398. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed " Men-xeper-Rd neb sed, " Men-kheper-Ra, lord of the thirty-year festivals." From Abydos. Length, f in. 399. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Thoth- mes III., etc. From Abydos. Length, ii in. T i^ T 400. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the crown ^^^ , and with the prenomen of Thoth- mes IIL, ''TT^ which is placed between uraei. From Abydos. t^ v^ y Length, | in. 401. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Thoth- mes IIL, etc. From Abydos. CIS Length, 4 in. ) i? 402. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of a man kneeling in adora- tion before the prenomen of Thothmes IIL, and with a winged urteus. From Abydos. Length, } ;; in. SCARABS. 403. Green glazed steatite scarab, in- f ^ scribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III. which is placed between ursei. Below is the emblem of " myriads of years," MM > resting \J' J upon |%5c^ , and between the two palm branches are the signs [1 | | df hrd, " Hail to thee." From Abydos. Length, f in. 404. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a sphinx ^^^, and^, "stability," from each side of which springs an urseus iL . The legend reads : ( O ilfilfi ^ I ===== Men-xeper-Rd Jieb taut, "Men- kheper-Ra, lord of the north and south." From Abydos. Length, f in. 405. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with O the prenomen of Thothmes in.,/ww^, and two winged disks with pendent ursei, -^i,. From Abydos. Length, /^ in. 406. Green glazed steatite scarab, in- scribed with the prenomen of Thothmes in. From Abydos. Length, | in. Q O SCARABS. 203 407. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a sistrum surmounted by the prenomen of Thoth- I ® mesIIL, |t^ ; from each side of the handle springs an uraeus ^ . From Abydos, Length, fi- in. 408. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with O the prenomen of Thothmes III., "-^ , the " beautiful god," I T neter nefer. From Abydos. Length, ^in. 409. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III., "^^^^ , and a winged disk. From Abydos. w Length, iin. 410. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed, " Beautiful god, lord of the north and south," Men- X^per-Rd I I ^^ ' [ { ■''^.'•^ ^ I . From Abydos. Length, | in. 411. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed with O the prenomen of Thothmes III., "^y^ Men-xeper-Rd. From Abydos. w Length, % in. 204 SCARABS. 412. Rectangular steatite plaque, pierced. On one side are a human-headed lion and the legend I I ® I ra , " Beautiful god, lord of the north and south, Men-kheper-Rd:' On the other is a figure of the king holding j . Before him are the signs ej\ III till /7\ , men \eper, and the name \\ Amen- Ed. On each edge is a figure of the god t/| Menthu. From Abydos. Length, ii in. 413. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III., f;^, Men-xeper-Rd. From Abydos. ^ Length, ^ in. 414. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with tiie prenomen of Thothmes IIL, m,,',,.^ , and with "double good luck," Tt. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 415. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with CO the prenomen of Thothmes IIL, ^^^ , and urasi. From Abydos. w Length, f in. SCARABS. 205 416. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with O the prenomen of Thothmes III., (1 ^^^ , etc. From Abydos. w Length, | in. 417. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen and titles of Thothmes III., 1 ( " king of the north and south, the lord ' of the world, Men-xeper-Ray From Abydos. Length, i| in. 418. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III., ,®, , and with winged disks having pendent ursei. ^ From Abydos. Length, fin. 419. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III., and f ?1 ® f? T "there is double Maat and two-fold 0_i^J__0 happiness with Kheper-Ra, the lord." ( ©^^^J From Abydos. ^3^7 Length, | in. 420. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III., © , etc., and " lord, maker of creation," From Abydos. Length, \ in. 2 £ 2o6 SCARABS. 421. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III., f C-^ t^^^ ^ | , and " life," -V- . From Abydos. Length, f in. 422. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III., O . From Abydos. Length, f in. ^ 423. Green glazed rectangular steatite plaque, inscribed on one side with the prenomen of Thoth- mes IIL, of Thothmes IIL and Rd-Madt Rd-men-setep-en-Rd, O j, and on the other with the prenomen o o \J) ^vwwN • From Abydos. Length, | in. 424. Rectangular green glazed steatite plaque, pierced, and inscribed on one side with the prenomen of O Thothmes IIL, ^^.^, and winged disk with pendent ursei, and on the other with a hand c-^'-^. From Abydos. Length, \ in. SCARABS. 207 425. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of Thothmes III. slaying an enemy with a club ; by the side of his feet is his dog. Behind him is his prenomen, ^^^ , and before him is X37, 1^1 I "Amen, my lord." From Abydos. Length | in. 426. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed „Z ^11"^"^ '' Men-xeper-Rd (Thothmes III.), beautiful god, lord of every land." From Abydos. Length, -^ in. 427. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of a kneeling king ; in his right hand he holds jp\ , and in the left j , and on his head is the crown. The legend reads, O r"^^^ m ^^1:7 ' ' ' " ^' Men-xeper-Rd, lord of the North and South." From Abydos. Length, -^ in. 428. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed on one O ■I 1 1 1 1 1 r. side with the prenomen of Thothmes IIL, ' ' , be- tween feathers and ursei, and on the other with four uraei. From Abydos. Length, -{-^ in. 2 E 2 2o8 SCARABS 429. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a crocodile, and with the legend | I ( © i"^^^ ^ 1 , "Beautiful god, Men-x^per-Rd." P'rom Abydos. Length, y^ in. 430. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed " King Men-xeper-Ra.'^ From Abydos. Length, | in. 43L Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a sphinx wearing the _j^tt crown, Ra Jj , (0 j^^^^ % j Men-xeper-Rd^H-^^^^^ the "living Horus," and If. Abydos. Length, \\ in. 432. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed O "Beautiful god, Mefi-yeper-Rd. From 1 /^ Abydos. Length, f in. 433. Green glazed steatite scarab, in its original copper ring, inscribed with the figure of Thothmes IIL, and the legend | '^^z:^ <=== U^ , "The god, the I Us lord of the world, Men-xeper-Ra." From Abydos. Length, ^ in. SCARABS. 209 434. Green glazed steatite scaral), inscribed CO O ^ /^ and Mt. •¥* m> , i-e.., with prenomens of Thothmes III., and " May the two Horus gods live " ! From Abydos. Length, \ in. 435. Green glazed steatite hollow-work plaque ; on one side are the prenomen of Thothmes III., winged urtei, and spiral orna- ments, and on the other figures of Ra and Isis. Length, i^ in. 436. Green glazed faience scarab, inscribed O "1 I "^^^^ , " Beautiful god, Afen-xeper-Rdr ® Length, y^ in- O 437. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III., O Diameter, | in. 438. Green glazed steatite circular object, in- O scribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III., '— — ' . Diameter, -^-^ in 2IO SCARABS. 439. Rectangular, green glazed steatite plaque, pierced. On one side are inscribed a figure of the god Ptah H in a shrine, and the legend, T ft [<^ ^ i 1 ' " Beautiful Ptah, Aa-xeperii-Rd " {i.e., Amen-hetep II., king of Egypt, about B.C. 1450), and on the other a figure of the king holding a hatchet | in the right hand and a shield in the left ; by his side is his prenomen [ ^^0_, S ' ]• On one edge is inscribed tI^> "Giver of beautiful life," and on the other an urasus j/^ , and an ur^us twined round a sceptre \ . From Abydos. Length, f in. 440. Blue glazed faience scarab, inscribed with O the prenomen of Thothmes II., ^^ Aa-^eper-Rd, king of Egypt, about B.C. 1550. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 441. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed on the base with the prenomen of Amen-hetep III., ro^''^:z:7j, Neh-Madt-Ra, king of Egypt, about B.C. 1500. Modern imitation. Length, ^ in. SCARABS. 211 442. Cobalt blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Amenophis III., and with the name of his wife Thi, "Beautiful god, Neb-Maat-Ra, royal wife Thi." From Abydos. Length, \\ in. 443. Blue glazed faience ring with rectangular bezel of same substance, having two cartouches in hollow- work, XVIIIth dynasty. From Tell el-Amarna. Diameter, i| in. \^j \~\) 444. Green glazed steatite scaraboid, inscribed .,fi?,, » '' Men-peh-peh-Rd'' (Rameses I.?). From |N^ Abydos. Length, f in. 445. Blue ^d^z^d. faience plaque. Obverse, lion and prenomen of Seti L, fo ^ eff^l Men-Madt-Ra, king of Egypt, about b.c. 1400; reverse, winged uraei wearing disks, and prenomen of Seti I. Length, f in. 446. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed I T f O ll liiiif^ J neter nefer Men-A/adt-Rd, " Beauti- 2 I 2 SCARABS. fill god, Men-Maat-Ra" (Seti I.). On each side of the cartouche is [l , and below it is the collar ^^?. From Abydos. Length, -^ in. 447. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Rameses II., © ]Oiv_X C/sr- I V^ AAAA/*A xepcr-Rd-setep-en-Ra, king of Egypt, about b.c. 1330. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 448. Green glazed steatite tablet, inscribed with the figure of Rameses II., 1* if) ^^^^~" O Usr-Madt- Rd-setep-en-Rd adormg Ptah and Sekhet. From Abydos. Length, \% in. 449. Green glazed steatite scarab, set O in its original bronze ring, inscribed, " Rameses (II.), beloved of Amen, be- -P=r i^ loved of Ra, subduer of all eastern lands." ° ° ^^^^^ From Abydos." "vZ^ Length, \ in. 450. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with part of the prenomen of Rameses II. (?), ii^O Usr-Madt-Rd. From Abydos. Length, |- in. SCARABS. 213 451. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a scene wherein Rameses II. (?) stands in the presence of the god Ptah |fl ; above is the legend, O | ^j) Usr-Madt-Ra, From Abydos. Length, | in, 452. Rectangular blue glazed steatite plaque, pierced. On one side, in relief, are a cartouche and K , and on the other | ^ O Usr-Mdat-Rd. From Abydos. Length, | in. 453. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Osorkon II., | O %/) '"'^ Usr-Madt- Rd-setep [A]men-Rd, king of Egypt, about B.C. 860. From Abydos. Length, -/g in. 454. Yellow glazed steatite scarab, inscribed I T \ZZ7 """"" . " Beautiful god, lord of the two lands." Length, y^g in. 455. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the name Pepa, a high court official, V^ "O Yr* ^ art at abu Pepd, Vlth dynasty. From Abydos. Length lyL in. 2 F 214 SCARABS. 456. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed /"^^ ab Anien-Rd^ " priest of Amen-Ra." From H ....v^.. Abydos. Length, /g in. r-—, 457. Light green ^a.zt6. faience pendant, inscribed on the reverse : — ^2 - - :i Sexet aa meri Ptah meri Sekhet, greatly beloved, of Ptah beloved. On the obverse is a faded prenomen of a king with his titles. XXVIth dynasty. From Gizeh. Length, 2| in. 458. Cobalt h\\xt faience scarab, inscribed I q ^^v sufen sa Iferu, "royal son, Horus." From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 459. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed -9 f^^n) O '^^. sa Rd men. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 460. Green glazed faience scarab, inscribed O .uuxi -^ '' Men-maut-Rd.'' Modern imitation Length, | in. SCARABS. 2 I 5 461. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed C^ sa Rd men. From Abydos. Length, -^-^ in. -^O 462. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Heru sa, " Horus protects," or " under the protection of Horus." From Abydos. Length, fin. 463. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the head of Horus wearing plumes and uraeus and T ne/er. From Abydos. Length, y\ in. 464. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed M^ Beru )iuh, " golden Horus." From Abydos. Length, yV in. 465. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed J^^ Heru-neb-Madt, " Horus, the lord of right and truth." From Abydos. Length, f in. 466. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^ Heru nub-peh. From Abydos. Length, y\- in. P^ f) 467. Greenish-gray stone oval, inscribed r From Abydos. Length, y\ in. 2l6 SCARABS. 468. Polished green basalt oval, inscribed From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 469. Green glazed steatite scarab in its original gold frame, inscribed \\J)^ Madt{}). From Abydos. Length, ^in. 470. Light blue glazed faience scarab, inscribed ^ ^ Nii em sa, '• Neith is the protectress." From 1^1 5^ Abydos. Length, i in. 47L Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed 1 ^^\ ? hes x^nsu em Vast, "favoured of Khonsu in Thebes." From Abydos. Length, -fin. 472. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed 1 ^|n^ r '=Wh x^fis^i em Vast sa, " Under the protection of Khonsu of Thebes." From Abydos. Length, -| in. 473. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed 1 ' X'?«-$'?^ em sa, " Khonsu protects." From Abydos. Length, f in. SCARABS. 217 474. Green glazed steatite scarab, set in its original bronze ring, inscribed with Ra j^, a ram wearing the crown M §i 5 and a winged uraeus. From Abydos. Length, || in. Diameter, lyVi"- 475. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed " the lord Amen," ^^ fieb Amen, or " Ra-Amen." From Abydos. Length, ^-^'m. 476. Lapis-lazuh scarab, inscribed ^^j;;^ 7?^-^ z?/0^ " May Amen open the year happily." From LOJ; Abydos. Length, ^V i"- f g J 484. Lapis-luzuli scarab, inscribed ( F^^ ap Amen \%\ renpit fiefer, " May Amen open the year happily." From Abydos. Length, f in. . . ^' . 485. Blue paste oval, inscribed (S^ ap Amen renpit nejer, " May Amen open the year happily." From Abydos. Length, -^^ in. 486. Green glazed steatite cartouche, inscribed vy up Auset renput neb, " May Isis open all [your] ' ^ ' years happily." From Abydos. Length, t^- in. SCARABS. 219 487. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed X^ 3 ^^ I ''/ ^^^^P^t ^'"^ 'Klf^fi " ^lay [your] year open happily." From Abydos. Length, \ in. 488. Green basalt oval, inscribed X ap renpit I 6 nefer^ " A happy New Year [to youj." From Abydos. Length, yV '"• 489. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed %> hes Rd, " favoured of Ra." From Abydos. Length, f in. 490. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed \ I '^^^^P' / ' hcs-a neb Madt, "I am favoured by the lord of Maat." From Abydos. Length, \ in. 491. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed hes Madt^ "favoured of Maat." From Abydos. Length, -^V in. 492. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed stjj \ hes Madt nieri Madt, " favoured of Maat, beloved of Maat." From Abydos. Length, | in. 493. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed „a hes neb Vast, " favoured by the lord of Thebes. ^i From Abydos. Length, ^ in. SCARABS. 494. Polished green stone oval, in its || original gold setting, inscribed " Heru-meri- i i s-Maat, favoured of Bast." From Abydos. Length, y\ in. 495. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed 5 |(?) . From Abydos. Length, -j^ in. O 496. Lapis-lazuli scarab, inscribed ¥ •¥■ i£^^ sa dnx »iaat Amen, " There is protection and life in the eye of Amen," or " There is protection and life when Amen watcheth." From Abydos. Length, W in. 497. Green glazed steatite scarab, set in the original gold frame, inscribed ¥ T- -^3-^^. "There is protection and life in the eye of Amen." From Abydos. Length, W in. 498. Lapis-lazuli scarab inscribed V ■¥■ ^qJ. "There is protection and life in the eye of Amen." From Abydos. Length, | in. SCARABS. 221 499. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Y •¥■ - ]~dS , " There is protection and life in the eye of Amen." From Abydos. Length, ^V i"- 500. Red stone oval, inscribed ■<2>- " There is protection and life in the eye of Amen." From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 501. Lapis-lazuli scarab, inscribed ^= " The eye of Amen is without fear," or "Where Amen watcheth, there is no fear," or " Amen watcheth, fear not." From Abydos. Length, ^\ in. 502. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed " The eye of Amen is without fear. From ^= Abydos. Length, -/-g in. ^^ 503. Green glazed steatite scaraboid, inscribed Ij^ " Amen watcheth every day." From Abydos. G I Length, T?a in. 504. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed " Amen watcheth every day." From Abydos. ^^ Length, ^% in. ^3^ 2 G 222 SCARABS. 505, Dark blue glazed steatite oval, pierced, inscribed f^"^ " Amen watcheth every day." From Abydos. ^^ v/ Length, ^ in. 506. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed " Amen watcheth every day." From Abydos. ^^ Length, ^V in. ^^37 507. Lapis-lazuli scarab, inscribed f^^ "Amen watcheth every day." From Abydos. © i Length, | in. 508. Lapis-lazuli scarab, inscribed -^^ ''Amen watcheth every day." From Abydos. © i Length, VV in. 509. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed " Amen watcheth over Tattu." From Abydos. Length, ^V in. 510. Green glazed steatite scaraboid, inscribed LQi Af/ien x^^P sehui. From Abydos. Length, -/^ in. 511. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed |^£^ Amen x^^'P sehui. From Abydos. Length, -^V in. SCARABS. 223 512. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^\^ Amen x^fp . . . . sa. From Abydos. y Length, |- in 513. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^0<^ Amen ha en an sent. PVom Abydos. V- Length, -^\ in. 514. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed |X)J; Amen ha en an sent. From Abydos. w Length, \\ in. 515. Lapis-lazuli scarab, inscribed "Amen-hetep, \~Q^ Prince of Thebes." From Abydos. , =%' Length, \\ in. 9 I 5.16 516. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed \OA Amen ud mer nier-s. From Abydos. ^^^x! Length, | in. -^=^ 517. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed IXli Amen mer mer-s. From Abydos . "■==ac. Length, ^V in- ^^S 2 G 2 24 SCARABS. 518. Light green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed IXl^ Amen x^P^s efi ua. From Abydos. /www Length, f in. 519. Light green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed LQ^ Amen x^p^^ ^n ud. From Abydos. "^^ Length, i in. 520. Brown glazed steatite scaraboid, inscribed \Xl^, Affien x^P^^ ^^ "^- From Abydos. A-^wv^ Length, y\- m. 521. Green glazed steatite scaraboid, inscribed ^^ Amefi x^/f/ en ua. From Abydos. ,^=£_ Length, | in. 522. Light green glazed scaraboid, inscribed Ixii Atnen x^A-j' en ud. From Abydos. ,? ■;i:a Length, ^ m. ^^_^ 523. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed lXXJ> Amen x^A-^ (^'i 2^". From Abydos. f\::z2 Length, ^ in. _^ \ SCARABS. 225 524. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ICiS Amen x^P^^ Ajiien x^P^^ en ud. From Abydos. <'^^^ Length, -jZg in. ^<:5- 526. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed jL^^^ Amen x^pes en ud. From Abydos, Length, f in. 527. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Q i^^c het' man Amen. From Abydos. Length, | in. 528. Lapis-lazuli cartouche, inscribed /) S^ Length, | in. Aef man Amen. From Abydos. 529. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed /) j^w hef maa Amen. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 530. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed A het' Amen hetep. From Abydos. Length, y\ in. ic\}> =^= 531. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed n \~0^, r-^ het' Amen hetep From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 2 26 SCARABS. 4 532. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^^5 het' Amen hetep. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 533. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^^ het' Amen hetep. From Abydos. Length, -J-^ in. 534. Light green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed (\ ^^^ <^^ het' ?naa Amen. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 535. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed het' ma t'efaij). From Abydos. Length, fin. 536. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Q O het' x^P^^- Length, -^-^ m 537. Lapis-lazuli cartouche, inscribed Q (?) ^--^ . From Abydos. Length, f in. 538. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed |. From Abydos. Length, y'V ^"• 539. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^^-^ sal) Amen-hetep. From Abydos. U^ Length, f^ in. ^^^ SCARABS. 227 540. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ferv sab Amen-hetep. From Abydos. <^^ Length, \\ in. 541. Lapis-lazuli scarab, inscribed r^^ du ab m Abydos. y I Length, lin. ^1(?) Amen em neterij). From Abydos. y \ 542. Lapis-lazuli scarab, inscribed J^ an ab Amen em neteri^). From Abydos. O I Length, y^-^ in. ^ "1 (?j 542a. Green basalt oval, inscribed c. ^zw^x ''^^'^ Amen. From Abydos. <2>- Length, ^ in. 542b. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed gl amax fnaa Amen. From Abydos. -C2>- Length, fin. 543. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed .^^ aw^ Length, f in. 547. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed jLOJ Amen art (7) nefer sem, "Amen is the of happy travelling," From Abydos, -<--_,^ Length, \\ in, 548. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed -^^ " Where there is the eye of Amen is no fear." ■ JTJ From Abydos. Length, | in. ^3' SCARABS. 229 549. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^^^ " Where there is the eye of Amen is no fear." ' ^ ' From Abydos. Length, y'g '"• 550. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed -^^ maa Amen From Abydos. -v ^ Length, \\ m. ^;;;;^ 551. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the sign for " good luck " surrounded by annules O T © O O ; on the back is a smaller scarab in relief. ©o© From Abydos. Length, -jSg- in. 552. Green glazed steatite scaiaboid, inscribed with the name " Khepera " and " two-fold good luck," TOT. From Abydos. Length, f in. 553. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed "Beautiful is the double Maat," j] 1 R . From Abydos. Length, ^in. 554. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed 15555. From Abydos. Length, J^ in- 555. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed or2 From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 2 H 230 SCARABS. 556. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with "good luck," T , surrounded by spirals. From Abydos. Length, | in. 557. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed ( A f/n ) ■ ^"^^"^ Abydos. Length, ^V i"- 558. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the emblem of " good luck " surrounded by four emblems of " gold " fj 1 [I • From Abydos. fw^ Length, i in. 559. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with "good luck," I, and illegible signs. From Abydos. Length, /^ in. 560. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed jjj with the name of " Khepera/' and <—-> O <-—> emblems of 'life, good luck, I n ! etc. From Abydos. Length, -^\ m. 561. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed V|S|l| with emblems of "stability," "good luck," "gold," and the crown of the North. From Abydos. Length, | in. SCARABS. 231 562. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the emblem of " stability " From Abydos. Length, ^\ in 563. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the emblem of " stability" /] S^ t^^ • From Abydos. ^^^ Length, -^ in. 564. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the emblem of " stability " between two crowns of the North, \/ n*^. From Abydos. Length, y% in. 565. Cobalt blue glazed faience scarab, inscribed ^ J\ . From Abydos. Length, -^^ in. 566. Yellow glazed steatite plaque, pierced. On the one side, in relief, is inscribed tf %^ Tet Rd, and on the other a clump of lotus flowers. From Abydos. Length, y^ in- 567. Blue glazed steatite cartouche, inscribed on one side with the emblems of "beautiful life,"-T'T, and on the other with \n\. From Abydos. Length, \\ in. 2 H 2 232 SCARABS. 568. Green glazed steatite scarab, "^^ , ,,,„^^ inscribed with the emblems of "life," ~~Z ^ "good luck," etc. From Abydos. "Till Length, y\ in. 569. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed "the beautiful utchat" T ^^ nefer utchaf. From Abydos. Length, h in. 570. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed T with the emblems of "good luck" surrounded *=> by annules and spirals. From Abydos. A Length, ^ in. 571. Yellow glazed steatite scarab, inscribed 1 ■?■ 1 ^ -^ J^^^T ^S^- F'^o"'^ Abydos. Length, f in. 572. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed <^ with the emblems of "life," "growth," and ^ two crowns of the North. From Abydos. H i'=i Length, -^-g in. 573. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed JL"?"4- with the emblems of " life " and " fresh youth." .2- 1 .2- From Abydos. Length, ^ in. SCARABS. 233 574. Green glazed steatite scarab, rZ^ ^ inscribed with the emblem of " life "in [j\ I T j [gX an oval supported on a winged disk ; ^^ ^^ on each side is an urseus. Below are ? T ? the emblems of "life," "good-luck," U XA> " fresh youth," etc. From Abydos. Length, f in. 575. Light green glazed/aire«ir^ cartouche, inscribed on one side Anx-Amen, and on the other ^ xeper-hetep. From Abydos. Length, y\ in. 576. Lapis-lazuU scarab, inscribed "There is Hfe through Osiris," ir ^^ © J • From Abydos. Length, y^ in- 577. Green glazed steatite oval, pierced, inscribed "life and all protection," -¥■ Y . From AlDydos. Length, -^^ in. 578. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed T^v^l- From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 579. Light green glazed/a/^;/^^i^ a scarabj on the base of which traces of the t\-;^ V following characters are visible : — From ^. Z0<£L Abydos. Length, tV in- ^^ 600. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed O ^ ^ i!^^^ . From Abydos. Length, || in. 601. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^ From Abydos. Length, ^\ in. ^.^^~^ 602. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed 1 1 From Abydos. Length, -/o in. \\y SCARABS. 237 603. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed JJ' sem Amen sa Auset. From Abydos. r^ - ^ Length, f in. [^ r 604. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed A '^ <© • From Abydos. Length, f in. 605. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed .^^^^ eg .— 0-^ JKs _ From Abydos. Length, g in. 606. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 607. Green basalt oval, inscribed A' From Abydos. Length, f in. 608. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Jl^ . From Abydos. Length, f in. 609. Green glazed steatite scarab, with similar inscription. From Abydos. Length, fin. 2 I 23S SCARABS. 610. Lapis-lazuli scarab, inscribed -^^ From -^bydos. J Length, i in. J] ^ I 611. Carnelian cowroid, inscribed, "The giver of O Ught is Ra," ^^ Rd fa /let' . From Abydos. Tl Length, ^V in- 612. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed ^ v^^ . On the back, in rope work, is inscribed ^ ^^:^' sa)n. From Abydos, Length, | in. 613. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^Qj From Abydos. Length, -p'g in. I I 614. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed "Amen-hetep, prince of Thebes" LQJ- From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 615. Rectangular, green glazed steatite plaque, pierced ; on each side is inscribed '^j ^^^^^^^^ Amen-hetep. From Abydos. ^-^^ Length, ^in. SCARABS. 239 616. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed [\ A7ncn-hetcp. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 617. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed with a hand c:^:^ . From Abydos. Length, y^ in. 618. Lapis-lazuli oval, inscribed with a hand c^:? . From Abydos, Length, y\ in. 619. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Length, \\ in. 620. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with 1 1 O I T and other hieroglyphics characteristic of a very early period. 621. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with ^oS^IS,^^' ''^"^ ^^^^- I-ength, \\ in. 622. Yellow glazed steatite scarab, inscribed innn Leng,h,ji„. 2 I 2 240 SCARABS. 623. Brown glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with figures of Amen, Ilorus, and Ra. Length, \l in. 624. Brown glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with figure of Horus. Length, | in. 625. Brown glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with figures adoring the emblem of Amen or of Osiris. Length, | in. 626. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with figures of two crocodiles. Length, f in. 627. Green glazed /a'/ence scarab, inscribed with figures of a lizard and a human-headed lion X\^ • Length, -^% in. 628. Blue glazed faience scarab, inscribed with ^ and two uraei. Length, f in. 629. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of a king seated on a throne, and holding a bow; before him is •^■f'-f- "threefold life." Length, \ in. 630. Cjrcen glazed faience scarab, inscribed with lotus flowers 'W, "life" ■¥-, "strength and power" j], etc. Length, i in. SCARABS. 241 631. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with spiral ornaments. Length, i in. 632. Yellow glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with spiral ornaments. Length, ^ in. 633. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with " life " -r , growing out of a branch of lotus flowers 'HLP. Length, f in. 634. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed wiih the figure of a man driving an ox. Length, f in. 635. Grey glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with urai J)ryJ)ry, ^ ^nd "double good luck" T T. Length, || in. 636. Blue g\a.zed /a/e/ice scarab, inscribed jl^i- Length, -^\ in 637. Blue glazed faience scarab, inscribed -^^, , . Length, H in. 638. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with figure of Ta-urt 3i • Length, -f^ in. 242 SCARABS. 639. Green glazed steatite scarab, set in the gold bezel of a ring ; the inscription is ^i i n . u, . ^37 Length, | in. 640. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a linear device. Length, | in. 641. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with |1. Length, -H in. 642. Blue paste urasus, inscribed y (/j^. Length, ^ in. 643. Green glazed faience scarab, inscribed with \(\\{. Length,^ in. 644. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the hawk of Horus ^, "life" \ , and uraeus ^. Length, \\ in. 645. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Modern imitation. Length, \ in. 646. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed O %'. Length, -in. 647. (jreen glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Length \ \ in. SCARABS. 243 648. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Length, f- ^in. 649. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a floral device. Length, - -?- in I 6 '"• 650. Blue glazed steatite scarab. inscribed with U and a floral device. Length - re in- 651. Green glazed steatite scarab. inscribed with a floral device. Length, - fe in- 652. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a fish ^/^- Length, ^ in. 660. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed J J, " double good luck," efc. Length, | in. 661. Green glazed steatite scarab, with a device. Length, | in. 662. Green glazed steatite scarab. Length, -^ in, 663. Blue glass scarab, inscribed with head of Ilathor. Length, W in. 664. Green glazed faience scarab, inscribed 1*^^^ Sa Rd men. Length, i^ in. 664a. Green glazed, cat-headed scarab, inscribed on the base with the name Amen-hetep [I , and papyrus plants ^iV . Length, f in. SCARABS. 245 665. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed C — >^ ^ — >, with emblems of " life," and 8\IT IItISi "fresh youth," and a winged '^--- ^ '^-- -^ disk and uraei. From Abydos. ^^ " Length, ^ in. 666. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a ram wearing the crown ^^r , Ra j5 , and winged uraeus. From Abydos. Length, W in. 667. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of an upright man and two ursei. From Abydos. Length, g in. 668. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Y .^as ^^^ I • From Abydos. Length, -^ in. 669. Light blue glazed faience scarab, inscribed with the figure of a king standing under a canopy between the gods Amen and Ra, each of whom grasps one of his hands. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 670. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the sun's disk in a boat r-Q^ , and a king kneeling, with both hands raised in adoration before •¥" "life." From Abydos. Length, f in. 2 K 246 SCARABS. 671. Brown glazed steatite scarab, inscribed -^^^^^ with the emblem of "stability," etc. From ^ Abydos. Length, y^ in. .^^^ 672. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the emblem of " life," etc. From Abydos. yl Length, Jg in. 673. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with winged disk and '^^ • From Abydos. —(^ Length, \ in. 674. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed <:3> . From Abydos. Length, f in. 675. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed "^;r^ From Abydos. Length, \ in. /wvw\ 676. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed i'^^^^ \. From Abydos. Length, y\ in. 677. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a device between From Abydos. Length, ^ in. SCARAKS. 247 678. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed f WIW )• I'^rom Abydos. Length, j: in, 679. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ( 1^1 ) • ■^''°""' Abydos. Length, ^ in. 680. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed %/'y \ From Abydos. Length, -/^ in. 681. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with and two illegible signs. From Abydos. Length, ^in. 682. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with (] 1 n and two illegible signs. From Abydos. Length, -^^'m. 683. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed I (?) _W . From Abydos. Length, y^ in- 684. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed ^. From Abydos. Length, f in. 685. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the emblem of the union of the two Egypts ^| and y "^"^y • ^^^^^'^ Abydos. Length, \^ in. K 2 248 SCARABS. 686. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a sphinx J^^, winged urasus (?), sun's disk Q, and two captives with their arms tied behind them to T. From Abydos. Length, | in. 687. Lapis-lazuh scarab, inscribed <•/ n • From Abydos. Length, -5^ in. 688. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with •?■ '^^-^ and a winged urceus. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 689. Red stone scaraboid, inscribed ^. From Abydos. Length, fVi"- 690. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with ® ' ^' Bl^ • ^'^o'^ Abydos. Length, fin. 691. Blue glazed /a'len^'e scarab, inscribed with four ['Y^ • 1' ^"0^ Abydos. Length, -^^ in. 692. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with y , and double spiral. From Abydos. Length, fin. SCARABS. 249 693. Two yellow glazed steatite scarabs joined together ; on one is inscribed fjl and on the other 1 . From Abydos. Length, | in. 694. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 695. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a human figure astride a sceptre (?), and | (?). From Abydos. Length, -^ in. 696. Green glazed steatite oval plaque, pierced ; on the one side is a disk in relief, and on the other is inscribed | I nefer nefer and an oryx. From Abydos. Length, f in. 697. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed From Abydos. Length, -^ in. 698. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed ,^_^ , From Abydos. Length, -J-^ in. 699. Green basalt oval, inscribed || '] . From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 250 SCARABS. 700. Light blue glazed faience oval, inscribed ft ' ^ . From Abydos. Length, -^^'va. 1 1 I 701. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^f I etc. From Abydos. Length, | in. 702. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a sphinx ^^ and two ursei. From Abydos. Length, f in. 703. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the emblem of the union of North and South Egypt. "Wi . From Abydos. Length, | in. 704. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with an utchat ^^. From Abydos. Length, ^o in. 705. Green glazed steatite double cowroid, in- scribed with an utchat ^^ , etc. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 706. Rectangular green glazed steatite plaque ; on one side, in relief, is an utchat ^^, and on the other is inscribed 1- From Abydos. Length, ^ in. SCARABS. 251 707. Green glazed steatite oval, pierced ; on one side, in relief, is an utchat ^^, and on the other is inscribed a sistrum with pendent uraei. From Abydos. Length, f in. 708. Light blue glazed faience plaque ; on the flat side is an utchat ^^ , and on the convex side is "yS het\ " radiance." From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 709. Rectangular green glazed steatite plaque, pierced ; on the one side is inscribed an utchat ^^ , and on the other ''Bast, the lady" ]|_^^ , From Abydos. Length, | in. 710. Green glazed faience plaque, pierced ; on one side is an utchat ^^, and on the other ■?• ji, "the life of Isis." From Abydos. Length, j^in. 711. Rectangular green glazed steatite plaque, pierced ; on one side is inscribed an utchat ^^ , and on the other [j Auset, " Isis." From Abydos. Length, ^ in, 712. Rectangular blue glazed steatite plaque, pierced; on the convex side is an utchat ^^ in relief, and on the flat side is inscribed Tj ^ Nebt-het, " Nephthys." From Abydos. Length, \ in. 252 SCARAI5S. 713. Rectangular green glazed steatite plaque, pierced, inscribed with an utchai ^^ on one side, and Tj Nebt-het on the other. From Abydos. Length, -^ in, 714. Rectangular green glazed steatite plaque, pierced, inscribed with an utchat ^^^ on one side, and Tj Nebt-het on the other. From Abydos. Length, f in. 715. Green glazed steatite plaque, pierced ; on one side is an utchat ^^, in relief, and on the other is inscribed T i^,, anx Rci' M- From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 716. Green glazed steatite cartouche, pierced ; on one side is an utchat ^g (?), and on the other ■¥• ^1 dnx a neb. From Abydos. Length, -^-g in. 717. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a hawk wearing the double crown D,^. ''^nd an urasus 0-. From Abydos. Length, f in. 718. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the hawk of Horus, with urseus, and Madt Q,^v [)• From Abydos. Length, y^- in. SCARABS. 253 719. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the hawk of Horus with uraeus, and Maat H \\ ) . From Abydos. Length, -^-^ in. 720. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the hawk of Horus with uraeus, D Wv , and an uraeus JL , From Abydos. Length, y"g in. 721. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed with the hawk of Horus with urseus, and an urseus above a crocodile ^_^t (^ ; on the back of the cowroid are four ura^i. From Abydos. Length, f in. 722. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the hawk of Horus between ursei standing above a crocodile (^ N^ [0\ . From Abydos. Length, | in. 723. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the hawk of Horus standing between urjei above a crocodile \l^ ^^ ((^ . From Abydos. Length, f in. 724. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of a lion and two unknown objects. From Abydos. Length, -^% in. 2 L 2 54 SCARABS. 725. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a hippopotamu§, emblem of the goddess Thoueris. From Abydos. Length, -/g in. 726. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with two crocodiles. From Abydos. Length, | in. 727. Blue glazed faience scarab, inscribed with two crocodiles. From Abydos. L,ength, ^ in. 728. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with two crocodiles. From Abydos. Length, | in. 729. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with two crocodiles. From Abydos. Length, f in. 730. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with two crocodiles. From Abydos. Length, f in. 731. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a crocodile =S3>-, a hand c=:^:^ (?), a beetle 0(?), and a human figure wearing plumes. From Abydos. Length, | in. 732. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^3^^ - From Abydos. Length, \\ in. 733. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a crocodile and an oval. From Abydos. Length, \\ in. SCARABS. 255 734. Green glazed steatite scaraboid, inscri!)cd with a sceptre [ and a crocodile. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 735. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a crocodile and an oryx. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 736. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed with a horse. From Abydos. Length, f in. 737. Blue paste oval, inscribed with a horse. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 738. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a liare ^^. From Abydos. Length, | in. 739. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with an oryx and a hawk. From Abydos. Length, f in. 740. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a gryphon. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 741. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed with a monkey holding ne/er T. From Abydos. Length, tV in. 742. Yellow glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with an ape holding ne/er T. From Abydos. Length, -/^ in. 2 L SCARABS. 743. Lapis-lazuli scarab, inscribed with a monkey holding nefcr T. From Abydos. Length, f in. 744. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with an ape holding 7iefer T. From Abydos. Length, -^^ in. 745. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with an ape holding nefer T, and two triangles A W. From Abydos. Length, -^ in. 746. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a palm tree, on each side of which is a monkey. From Abydos. Length, | in. 747. Brown glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a jackal's head on legs t| . From Abydos. Length, \ in. 748. Blue glazed steatite oval, inscribed with a serpent Ij^. From Abydos. Length, -j^- in. 749. Cobalt blue glazed faience oval, inscribed with a snake |||||^. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 750. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed with an uraus W . From Abydos. Length, \ in. SCARABS. 257 751. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with winged disk having pendent ura?.i, double |, double I, and cartouche with illegible signs. From Abydos. Length, | in. 752. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with three urjei having disks Q . From Abydos. Length, | in. 753. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed with four uraei. From Abydos. Length, f in. 754. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with four ursei, within a ropework border. From Abydos. Length, -jV in. 755. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with four urfei and four ^. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 755a. Green glazed steatite cowroid, . inscribed with four urcei. From Abydos. Length, y^ in. 756. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed with a cruciform ornament and ursei. From Abydos. Diameter, -^ in. 757. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed with four ursei and a cruciform ornament. From Abydos. Length, f in. 258 SCARABS. 758. Green glazed steatite amulet, pierced ; on one side is a serpent in relief^, and on the other are inscribed four ursei. From Abydos, Length, | in. 759. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed with four ursi. From Abydos. Length, f in. 760. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed on one side with a sistrum 1 having pendent ursei, and on the other with four ursei. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 761. Green glazed steatite oval, pierced, inscribed on one side with a sistrum, and on the other with four ursei. From Abydos. Length, -^^ in. 762. Green glazed steatite oval plaque, inscribed on one side with a sistrum and ursei, and on the other with four ursei. From Abydos. Length, | in. 763. Green glazed steatite double frog (?), each of which is inscribed with four ursei. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 764. Blue glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed with a lizard & . From Abydos. Length, \ in. SCARABS. 259 765. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a lion and a scorpion o?^. From Abydos. Length, | in. 766. Rectangular green basalt plaque, pierced, inscribed with a scorpion, etc., h 1 . From Abydos. AAA Length, |J- m. 767. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a fish with lotus buds in its mouth ^5< • From Abydos. Length, ~ in. 768. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a fish having a bud in its mouth. From Abydos. Length, -^% in. 769. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a fish having a lotus bud in its mouth. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 770. Rectangular green glazed steatite plaque ; on one side is a fish . From Abydos. Length, | in. 1394. Light blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed r\ mini with the name "Amen-Ra," ll/.^^.wv. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1395. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a standing figure of Amen-Ra wearing plumes and holding a sceptre in his left hand. Behind him is a serpent. From Abydos. Length, || in. 1396. Black stone scaraboid, inscribed with the name "Amen-Ra," [I '^^ n. From Abydos. Length, li in. 1397. Green glazed steatite grasshopper, on the base of which is inscribed the name "Amen-Ra," (I -./vwvA. From Abydos. Length, -^-^ in. 1398. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with N mill I the name " Amen-Ra," [1 ^^.w. . From Abydos. Length, -/-^ in. 1399. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the name "Amen-Ra," (Ia^-wva. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. SCARABS. 269 1400. Green glazed steatite cat, inscribed on the base with the name " Anien-Ra," (1 r^^^^. 1 O 1 From Abydos. Length, f m. 1401. Green glazed steatite plaque, inscribed on the obverse with a figure of " Amen-Ra, the lord of valour," (J ^/^AAA^ , and on the reverse with a figure '101 ^^ fe^ , r©"^^"^! the prenomen of Thothmes IIL, and a ^ a <5!v tet with pendent uraei. From Abydos. (0\ K (u\ Length, \\ in. 1495. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a human-headed lion standing over a prostrate foe, and the legend, " Men-kheper-Ra, the beautiful god," 1 I foD^l . From Abydos. Length, f in. 1496. Green glazed steatite scarab, set in its original bronze ring, inscribed with the prenomen of mes III., the hawk of Horus, etc. S From Abydos. Length, % in. 1508. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of Thothmes III. adoring an obelisk (| , emblematic of Amen; behind him is the name "Amen" ^^5), and beneath is the prenomen of Thothmes III. f O li^jj^ gj. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1509. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed on one ' O side with the prenomen of Thothmes III. 9j ^^^^ [? , and on the other, ^ ^ ^'^- . From Abydos. V K ? Length, | in. 1510. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III. OtfjiiO. From Abydos. Length, ^^ '"• 2 p 2 288 SCARABS. 1511. Green glazed scaiab, inscribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III. From q Abydos. Length, -^^ in. (n^| O 1512. Green glazed steatite rectangular plaque, having upon it in relief the head of Bes ; on the back is the prenomen of Thothmes III. From Abydos. O iiiiiii Length, i^ in. 1513. Green glazed steatite rectangular plaque, inscribed with : — i, the name "Amen-Ra," and pre- nomen and titles of I'hothmes III. j T . . Qi^t^fj, r^^-"^ O _ ; 2, cruciform ornament and G four ursei ; Hathor-headed sistrum, inscribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III, with pendent ursei ; and 4-00 — I- From Abydos. Length, § in. 1514. Rectangular copper plaque inscribed " Mcn- Ra, the king of the gods." From Abydos. qf CO C^ kheper-Ra, the beautiful god "I Vrf ^^nd "Amen- Length, i in. SCARABS. 289 1515. Blue glazed faience scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III. and a \Yinged urKus. From Abydos. Length, 5 in. 1516. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Thothmes III., "life," etc., t^ i J ■ ^^°^^ Abydos. Length, f in. qf 1517. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed with : — I, the prenomen of Thothmes III. t^ , and beetle with pendent ursei ; and, 2, a cruciform ornament and four ursei. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1518. Green glazed steatite rectangular stone plaque, inscribed with : — i, a figure of An-Hcru and ■¥■ I ; 2, the prenomen of Thothmes III. n r*^^ ^; 3, the prenomen of Thothmes III. and two deities ; and 4, standing figure of a deity. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1519. Green glazed steatite oval, inscribed on one side with the prenomen of Thothmes III. (g r"^^^ g |, between plumes and ursei, and on the other with the 2 9° SCARAF.S. figure of the king and " Men-kheper-Ra, beautiful prince," O r"^ m1\- ^•"O™ Abydos. Length, f in, 1520. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a sphinx, ^^^, "life" -r, and the prenomen of Amen- hetep III. ( r::^-^ \ j. P>om Abydos. Length, -{^ in. 1521. Green glazed steatite amulet, inscribed on one side with T v^ and an ur^eus, and O on the other with the prenomen of Amen- U |^ U hetep in. From Abydos. Length y\ in. j^^ 1522. Cobalt blue glazed faience oval plaque, inscribed on one side with the name "Amen-hetep," [1 .— Q— . , and on the other with the prenomen of Amenophis III. ^1), etc. From Abydos. Length, y'V in. 1523. (jreen glazed rectangular steatite plaque, inscribed on one side with a sphinx and winged urceus, and on the other with the figure and i)renomen of Amen-hetep IIL J\. From Abydos. Length, | in. SCARABS. 291 1524. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed •»\iih the prenomen of Amen-hetep IIL Oyj v^_y . Trom Abydos. Length, ^^ in. 1525. Green glazed faience duck, inscribed with the prenomen (? of Amen-hetep IIL y. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 1526. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Amen-hetep III. yj. From Abydos. Length, yV in- 1527. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Amen-hetep III, Oyjv_^. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1528. Gree the prenomen and Q ], "d 1 glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with of Amen-hetep III. ( O yi V_^ j , ademed with Maat." From Abydos. Length, ^V in- 1529. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed " Amen-hetep, prince of Thebes," (. — ^^ ^ From — ^ — 1 k Abydos. Length, W in. SCARABS. 1530. Blue ^^ztdi faience scarab, inscribed "Amen- hetep, prince of Thebes," ^^ | T. From Abydos. Length, \\ in. 1531. Green glazed steatite scarab, set in its ori- ginal copper ring, inscribed " Amen-hetep, prince of Thebes/' \\ ^^ ? f . From Abydos. Length, \\ in. 1532. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed " Amen-[hetep], prince of Thebes," (| ^^ [ |- From Abydos. Length, § in. 1533. Gray glazed steatite scarab, ^ ^ ^ inscribed " Beautiful god, Amen-hetep," ^ ^ ^my .^^. etc. From Abydos. Length, H i"- S;' i M 1534. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the name "Amen-hetep," 11 ■ From Abydos. Length, ,»,- m. 1535. Cireen glazed steatite cartouche, (ZZ>, in- scribed with the name " Amen-hetep," [I ; on the back, in relief, is a fish. From Abydos. Length, {^ in. SCARABS. 293 1536. Green glazed steatite rectangular plaque, inscribed with the name " Amen-hetep," (I ; on the back, in relief, are ten scarabs. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1537. Green glazed steatite hollow-work scarab, l\ III f nil II jv inscribed with the name *' Amen-hetep,'* [1 From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1538. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the name "Amen-hetep,'" [1 . From Abydos. Length, | in. 1539. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed " Royal wife Thi," 1 ^ f} ^"^ ^H • From Abydos. Length, | in. 1540. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed "Royal wife Thi," 1 ^ 1 \^ (](] • From Abydos. Length, f in. 1541. Blue glazed rectangular plaque, inscribed with the prenomen and nomen of Heiu-em-Heb, a king of the XVIIIth dynasty, about b.c. 1400. W^ H j^ V^ , , i\ \> . From Abydos. Length, H in. 2 Q 294 SCARABS. 1542. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen of Seti I, yj . From Abydos. Length, yV in. 1543. Green glazed steatite scarab, in- scribed with a figure of the god Set, and the prenomen of Seti I, king of Egypt about B.C. 1373. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1544. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the prenomen and nomen of Rameses n. From Abydos. [|i P| ^v) Length, | in. 1545. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed "libationer of Amen-Ra," 0*^ — P>om Abydos. Length, ^ in. ^-~ I 1546. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed "libationer of Amen-Ra," /^[l ^^^.^aa . From Abydos. Length, {} in. 1547. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed " Libationer of Amen-Ra," /"^ [1 ^^ Abydos. From Length, ^ in. O I SCARABS. 295 1548. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed '• Libationer of Amen-Ra," / [\ '■^^•^'- . From Abydos. Length, f in. 1549. Blue paste oval, inscribed " May the \/ New Year be happy." From Abydos. T 3 Length, ^% in. 1550. Purple glazed faience frog, inscribed on the base "good luck," 1. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1551. Brown glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of a woman smelling a flower, and "good luck," T . From Abydos. Length, f in. 1552. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the boat of the sun, on each end of which a hawk is perched; within it are the signs for "millions of years," Mm, and "life and happiness," -r T. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1553. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the animal symbolic of Set, "good luck," and ©/g). From Abydos. Length, | in. 2 Q 2 296 SCAR A PS. 1554. Green glazed steatite scarab, ^=^ inscribed "double life" and "happiness." 767 From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1555. Copper scarab, inscribed "life," and "double power," \^\ . From Abydos. Length, tV i"- 1556. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed "good luck," t, etc. From Abydos. Length, y^ i"- 1557. Green glazed steatite duck, inscribed on the base ^ (1 , Heru-d, "Belonging to Horus." From Abydos. Length, f in. 1558. Yellowish-green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^(1, I/en^-d, "Belonging to Horus." From Abydos. Length, f in. 1559. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Hcru-a, " Belonging to Horus," W^ (1 • From Abydos. Length, § in. 1560. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed O Nub-ka-Ra. From Abydos. Length, ^ m. y SCARABS. 297 1561. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed O P Q p • From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1562. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed t .2. ^ i. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1563. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with " Beautiful Horus " T '^^. and an urasus (?). From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1564. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed I jj . From Abydos, Length, -J^ in. 1565. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed "Favoured of the lord of Thebes, life" ^ ^ . From Abydos. Length, | in. 1566. Green glazed steatite scarab inscribed ( I C^ )' From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1567. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed p / « c /• From Abydos. Length, t®-=- in. 298 SCARABS. 1568. Green dazed steatite scarab, inscribed 4^ From Abydos. Length, f in. 1569. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed |\v. From Abydos. Length, -/g in. 1570. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^^^ From Abydos. Length, -^^ in. A T) 1571. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed f I LJ I ) . From Abydos. Length, y\ in. 1572. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed " Favoured of Ra, the lord of Thebes " fi _g^ . From Abydos. Length, f in. <'> 6 f 1573. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed n. ±0 From Abydos. Length, | in. ^(})P 1574. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed From Abydos. Length, ^ in. f^^ 1575. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed IajJ From Abydos. Length, f in. C^ 1575a. Blue paste scarab, set in original bronze ring, with similar inscription. From Abydos. Length, -j\ in. SCARABS. 299 1576. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a vulture and "life," •¥" 1 ^>. • From Abydos. Length, -j-^ in. 1577. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of an ape holding nefer jP^l , and the signs n(?)j[ A . From Abydos. Length, f in. 1578. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed y-^^ • From Abydos. Length, \ in. 1 5 79. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed .^^ From Abydos. Length, -^-^ in. r^ . 15S0. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed i t^=t From Abydos. Length, | in. \m\ 1581. Yellow glazed steatite scarab, "^^ fw<^ ''^^^ set in its original gold frame, inscribed ^ t (Q f From Abydos. Length, | in. 1 'ir? 1 300 SCARABS. 1582. Green glazed steatite triple scarab, inscribed [1 JL '^^ . From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1583. Green glazed steatite scarab, in its original setting, inscribed ,^~ . From Abydos. Length, ^V in- 1584. Blue glazed fdietice scarab, inscribed [) T *^3 . From Abydos. Length, f in. 1585. Green glazed steatite oryx, inscribed on the base ¥ f) . From Abydos. Length, y^ in. 1586. Green ^zz^d, faience oval, inscribed "the Amen-hetep," ^(?) . From Abydos. Length, | in. 1587. Green glazed steatite scarab, in- ' scribed " . . . . Tet, beloved of Amen." j] .^^ From Abydos. Length, | in. i^q^ 1588. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed From Abydos. Length, -/g in. q . 1589. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed "lord of life(?)" -f- ^^. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. SCARABS. 301 1590. Amethyst scarab, inscribed "Isis protecteth her servant (?)," [ pn, ¥ V '• From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1591. Yellow glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^^^^^^ From Abydos. Length, -/g in. I 1 1592. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a bee ll^ • From Abydos. Length, | in. 1593. Green glazed/az^;?« scarab, inscribed -FV C/ From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1594. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed O T . From Abydos. Length, g in. 1595. Green glazed steatite scarab, <;> <;> inscribed. From Abydos. Length, -^-^ in. I^ © 0. 1596. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^-^-^ From Abydos. Length, if in. „ s q 2 R SCARABS. 1597. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with Im M ^^ P^™^ ' ^^^- From Abydos. Length, f in. 1598. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed From Abydos. Length, -^ in. 1599. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed .'Iavn^ From Abydos. Length, | in. ^^ 1600. Blue paste cowroid, inscribed ■'^^ From Abydos. Length, -^ in. • 1601. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed From Abydos. Length, f in. 1602. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^,S,)- From Abydos. Length, -j-8g in. 1603. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^^rv. " Amen-hetep." From Abydos. ^-^ Length ^ in. r-^^ 1604. White glazed steatite scarab, inscribed fe-v " Amcn-hetep." From Abydos. jj^j. Length, ^ in. i— ^ SCARABS. 303 1605. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed life," J . From Abydos. Length, i in. 1606. Yellowish-green stone oval plaque, ^^ inscribed " Amen-hetep, overseer of " q From Abydos. Length, -^^ in. n !^l 1607. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed c/0^' From Abydos. Length, }i in. t 1608. Green glazed steatite cowroid, {/ qW inscribed. From Abydos. Length, | in. ' 1609. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ft % From Abydos. Length, i in. t^^^j^co 1610. Green glazed steatite scarab, i'nscribed T .^ ^^ • From Abydos. Length, -^^ in. 1611. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed y^^ (■) From Abydos. Length, § in, 1612. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed J^ From Abydos. Length, -^% in. | q 1 304 SCARABS. "'^Hlttn 1613. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed ^ ^j . ^ ^ ± From Abydos. ^^ T T Length, \l in. ^:2^ 1614. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ,imum.. From Abydos. Length, y'V i"- c^^ 1615. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed (1 r (?) T y From Abydos. Length, f in. 1616. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed f^ (lj\ From Abydos. Length, f in. 1617. Green glazed steatite scarab, I . I inscribed 1, I in. ¥ ¥ From Abydos. Length, 1618. Green glazed steatite 'carab, inscribed q I'rom Abydos. Length, f in. x;;;^;^ 1619. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^ ■?- ^ From Abydos. Length, ,% in. ^H SCARABS. 305 CIS 1620. Blue glazed faience scarab, inscribed ?) t From Abydos. Length, f in. ^^ 1621. Green glazed stealite fish, on one side ^ of which is inscribed ^^ From Abydos. Length, f in. ^ 1622. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed . From Abydos. Length, \ in. 1623. Brown steatite scarab inscribed ^^ ^^ From Abydos. Length, f in. (^ ^^ T 1624. Brown glazed steatite scarab, inscribed q From Abydos. Length, | in. y^?) 1625. Green stone amulet Tj, mscribed ^__^ From Abydos. Length, \\ in. ^|^ j] 1626. Blue ^2.1^^ faience scarab, inscribed ^ V From Abydos. Length, \ in. 3o6 SCARAP.S. 1627. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed Tj ^ "favoured of the god beloved of Thebes." ^ - From Abydos. Length, f in. In 1628. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed =5(?) " ^ . From Abydos. Length, | in. 1629. Green glazed steatite cowroid, (.,«(., inscribed. From Abydos. Length, | in. ^ ^^ 4 1630. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1631. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed "favoured of the lord of the North and South," i ^ 1 1 ■ ^^°"^ Abydos. Length, tV in. 1632. Blue glazed steatile cynocepha- ® _^ lous ape, on the base of which are inscribed ± tTTi ± From Abydos. Length, | in. iiAAAi 1633. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of a king slaughtering an animal. From Abydos. Length, ^"^ in. SCARABS. 307 1634. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed J W B\ ■ ^''°"'' ^^y^°^- Length, VV in- 1635. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed V !<] • From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1636. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed u(\ '^yr^" F'^o"'' Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1637. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed 1 1 j T, etc. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1638. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed From Abydos. Length, -ft in. 1639. Green steatite scarab, inscribed ' From Abydos. Length, f in. ^ f^^ 1640. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^^^^^^^ (3/g) From Abydos. Length, ^ in. . . 1641. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed "stability" ( H )• From Abydos. Length, i in. 1642. Green steatite scarab, inscribed §OOo From Abydos. Length, |f in. o§§0 3o8 SCARABS. 1643. Green glazed steatite fish, inscribed From Abydos. Length, § in. 1644. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed i (?) ^g . From Abydos. Length, f in. 1645. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed tli^<^ti!^ From Abydos. Length, f in. 1646. Green glazed steatite scarab, in- ^^^*^^. scribed t=x From Abydos. Length, ^ in. Ul^ 1647. Yellow glazed steatite scarab, in its original silver setting, inscribed T ^ , etc. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1648. Green glazed steatite scarab, in- f| /I? '^ ., , Hi© scribed t . r» From Abydos. Length, -^\ in. l'^\ 9 1649. Bezel of a carnelian ring, inscribed ^ . From Abydos. Length, fin. j^^ v_y y,,^ SCARABS. 309 1650. Green glazed steatite amulet, inscribed with : I. L 6 1) 6 J ; and, 2. Ci^. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1651. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ■^ 0^ •^. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1652. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed U I 1 etc. From Abydos. Length, | in. mn 1653. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ± < — ^ - From Abydos. Length, -^% in. 5 O <=> From Abydos. Length, f in. ^^ ^ "^ 1659. Green glazed steatite ||m scarab, inscribed l^^Sl "T" From Abydos. Length, \-} in. 1660. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^ .^^) 4 From Abydos. Length, | in. ^^ >^ . 1661. Green glazed steatite scarab, in- u(?)7\ scribed p^ From Abydos. Length, |-J- in. -^ SCAR.4BS. 3" 1662. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^^ From Abydos. Length, f in. t^(?» 1663. Green glazed steatite scarab. inscribed with two illegible signs. From Abydos. Length, J in. 1664. Blue glazed faience scarab, with illegible inscription. From Abydos. Length, § in. 1665. Green glazed steatite scarab. inscribed with a beetle and "double life." ■?■ ^ ■?■• From Abydos. Length, f in. 1666. Cobalt blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed 1 with two sandals and a scorpion U # y/ . From Abydos. Length, f in. 1667. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of a hippopotamus holding a knife. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 1668. Green glazed steatite scarab. inscribed with the hawk of Horus Q,W^- From Abydos. Length, f in. 1669. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of a lion. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 2 S 2 312 SCARABS. 1670. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of a dog '^^-^ and the signs | '^^^ | . From Abydos. Length, f in. 1671. Green glazed steatite rectangular plaque, inscribed with the figur(i of a horse ; on the back in relief is an tifckaf, '^^ . From Abydos. Length, f in. 1672. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed with the figure of a woman holding a papyrus sceptre. From Abydos. Length, tV i"- 1673. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed with a fish having two lotus buds in its mouth q5< . From Abydos. Length, | in. 1674. Green glazed steatite mouse, inscribed on the base with a fish. From Abydos. Length, ^^ in. 1675. Blue glazed steatite grasshopper, inscribed on the base with the sign of " life," j . From Abydos. Length, f in. 1676. Yellow glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of a horse, etc. From Abydos. Length, 1 J in. SCARAES. 313 1677. Blue paste frog, inscribed on the base "good luck," T. F'rom Abydos. Length, f in. 1678. Opaque red glass frog, inscribed on the base with a hare. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1679. Blue glazed steatite plaque, inscribed with two crocodiles ; on the back, in relief, is a fish. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1680. Green glazed steatite cat, inscribed on the base with a cat. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1681. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed TO. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1682. Blue paste scarab, in its original gold setting, inscribed with a hawk, etc. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1683. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a hawk-headed kneeling figure and two animals. From Abydos. Length, | ir.. 1684. Gray stone oval, inscribed with a sphinx I and a hare jg^^. From Abydos. Length, l^in. 314 SCARABS. 1885. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a hawk ^^. , crocodile 'S??^, and two ursei T\ J)^. From Abydos. Length, f^in. 1686. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of a man and two beetles ^ M • From Abydos. Length, | in. 1687. Blue glazed steatite plaque, inscribed with the figure of a man holding a bow, and a linear pattern composed of diamonds and annules. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1688. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a dog, or lion, and "^137. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1689. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figures of a man and an animal (?). From Abydos. Length, i in. 1690. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a sistrum, etc. From Abydos. Length, y'-^ in. 1691. Yellow glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a winged disk ^sszz?, ne/er T, etc, From Abydos. Length, I in. SCARABS. 315 1692. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figures of a lion and a prostrate man. From Abydos. Length, fin. 1693. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a Hathor-headed sistrum, from the handle of which projects two hands grasping 3 3 , the emblems of renewed youth. From Abydos. Length, -j?^ in. 1694. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a human figure (?). From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1695. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a beetle ^^^ , and four ornamental designs. From Abydos. Length, fin. 1696. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a crocodile and an urteus. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1697. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a male figure embracing two females (?). From Abydos. Length, fin. 1698. Green glazed steatite duck on a base in the shape of a cartouche c 3 1 ; the inscription reads, " beautiful life " I ■¥" • From Abydos. Length, t\ in. 3i6 SCARABS. 1699. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed " beautiful life " I "?" • From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1700. Cobalt blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed ^Yith a human head. From Abydos. Length, -| in. 1701. Green glazed steatite circular seal, inscribed with figures of a lion and a lizard, double spiral, etc. From Abydos. Length, i in. 1702. Blue glazed faience scarab, inscribed with a sphinx and a winged urasus. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1703. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a crocodile and a snail (?). From Abydos. Length, fin. 1704. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a sistrum and two cats, or lions. From Abydos. Length, VV in- 1705. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with figures of a king, a man (i*), "Hfe" ■^, etc. From Abydos. Length, I in. SCARABS. 317 1706. Green glazed steatite amulet, part fish and part utchai, inscribed with " good luck " T , etc. From Abydos. Length, -{^ in. 1707. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a lion, scorpion, nefer T , etc. From Abydos. Length, fin. 1708. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with Sr ^^ ^ I ft A 1 ^'^closed within a border of spirals ; on the back of the scarab, in hollow-work, are a cluster of lotus flowers ^xjF, and a head '^, and two ursei. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1709. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a ram wearing horns, plumes and ursei, a beetle, etc. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1 710. Dark green scarab, inscribed with 1 (?) V/ (^ and a winged urreus. From Abydos. Length, -f^ in. 1711. Green glazed steatite frog, inscribed on the base with a sistruu] W having pendent urtei. From Abydos. Length y'g ^n- 2 T 3 1 8 SCARABS. 1712. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the figure of a man holding an urseus, and an uraeus. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1713. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a sistrum f having pendent ursei. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1714. Blue glazed faience scarab, inscribed with a sistrum having pendent uraei, etc. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 1715. Blue glazed faience scarab, inscribed with three ursei. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1716. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with four ursei. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1717. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with the head of a hawk, having on it a disk and urseus. From Abydos. Length, -^^ in. 1718. Blue paste scarab, set in its original gold ring, inscribed with a sistrum having pendent ura^i. From Abydos. Length, -^-^ in. 1719. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with five uriei wearing plumes, etc. From Abydos. Leng.h \\ in. SCARARS. 319 1720. Blue glazed faience scarab, inscribed with three uroei wearing plumes, etc. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1721. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed with a cruciform ornament and four uraei. From Abydos. Length, \\ in. 1722. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a sphinx and a winged urseus. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1723. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with O § and two ursi. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1724. Green glazed steatite scarab, in its original silver setting, inscribed with two winged disks having O pendent urrei, and M * ^^°"'' Abydos. p^ Length, I in. 1725. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with O (^ and a winged uroeus. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 1726. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a sistrum having pendent urrei. From Abydos. Length, /^ in. 2 T 2 320 SCARABS. 1727. Green glazed steatite hare, inscribed on tlie base with four ursei. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1728. Brown glazed steatite mouse (?), inscribed on tlie base with four ursei. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1729. Green glazed steatite fish, inscribed on one side with four urasi. From Abydos. Length, -^-^ in. 1730. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with four ura^i. From Abydos. Length, W in. 1731. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a cluster of lotus flowers. From Abydos. Length, -/^ in. 1 732. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with cluster of lotus flowers, '^\?' . From Abydos. Length, -^^ in. 1733. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with ft T| " stability," lotus flowers, etc. From Abydos. Length, i in. 1734. Blue glazed steatite oval, inscribed on one side with fX K , and on the other v.ith a fish having a lotus flower in its mouth. From Abydos. I'Cngth, ;^in. SCARAUS. 321 1735. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with lotus flowers. From Abydos. Length, i in. 1736. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a cluster of lotus flowers and two urcei. From Abydos. Length, y\ in. 1737. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a lotus flower, etc. From Abydos. Length, -^-^ in. 1738. Brownish -yellow opaque glass scaraboid, inscribed with a cluster of lotus flowers. From Abydos. Length, fin. 1739. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a cluster of lotus flowers. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1740. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with two lotus flowers, etc. From Abydos. Length, VV i"- 1741. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a cluster of lotus flowers. From Abydos. Length, fin 1742. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a lotus flower. From Abydos. Length, f in. 32 2 SCARABS. 1743. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a cluster of lotus flowers 'W . From Abydos. Length, fin. 1744. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a cruciform floral design. From Abydos. Length, \^ in. 1745. Green glazed steatite plaque, inscribed with a cruciform ornament ; on the back, in relief, is a fish. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1746. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a cruciform floral design. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1747. Green gh.zed faience cowroid, inscribed with a cruciform ornament and four uraei. From Abydos. Length, fin. 1748. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a cruciform floral ornament. From Abydos. Length, -/„ in. 1749. Blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a crucifoiTO ornament and four ura^i. From Abydos. Length, £ in. SCARABS. 323 1750. Green glazed steatite cowroid, inscribed with a cruciform ornament and four urasi. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1751. Yellow glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a cruciform floral ornament. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1752. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a cruciform ornament, one end of which terminates in tet u. From Abydos. Length, -^in. 1753. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a cruciform floral ornament. From Abydos. Length, ^^ in- 1754. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a cruciform design. From Abydos. Length, -^ in. 1755. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a design composed of spirals. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1756. Dark green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with annules. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1757. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a linear design. From Abydos. Length, | in. 3-4 SCAR A us. 1758. Light blue glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a linear design. From Abydos. Length, | in. 1759. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a linear device. From Abydos. Length, -/g- in. 1760. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a floral design and spirals. From Abydos. Length, ,% in. 1761. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a design composed of annules and spirals. From Abydos. Length, fin. 1762. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a linear device. From Abydos. Length, y^ *"• 1763. Amethyst scarab inscribed with a linear device. From Abydos. Length, |in. 1764. Green glazed steatite cat, inscribed on the base with a floral design. From Abydos. Length, ^ in. 1765. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with linear ornaments. From Abydos. Length, \\ in. 1766. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a twisted double-line ornament. From Abydos. ]-ength, i",. in. SCARAHS. 325 1767. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a linear device. From Abydos. Length, 2 '"• 1768. Brown glazed steatite cowroid, set in its original copper ring, incribed with ai 1 iitchat ^. and a line of annules. I*'rom Abydos. Length, - ^^ in 1 6 "'• 1769. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribed with a design formed of short lines and annules. From Abydos. Length, fin. 1770. Green glazed steatite scarab, inscribec with a floral device ar d spirals. P>om Abydos. Length, iin- 1771. Green glazed steatite scarab. inscribec with a floral design. From Abydos. Length, 2 i"- 1772. Green glazed steatite rectar gular plaque ; on one side, in relief, is a fish, and on- the other SIX annules QQ o© . From Abydos. Length, |in. 1773 Green glazed basalt scaraboid, uninsc ribed. From Abydos. Length §in. 1774 Amethyst scaraboid, uninscribed. From Abydos. Length |in. 2 u 326 SCARABS. 1775. Carnelian scaraboidj uninscribed. From Abydos. Length, |in. 1776. Mother-of-emerald scaraboid, uninscribed. From Abydos. Length, f|in. 1777. Light green stone oval uninscribed. From Abydos. Length, \ in. 1778. Mother-of-emerald scaraboid, uninscribed. From Abydos. Length, ^in. 1779. Agate scarab, uninscn bed. From Abydos Length, f in. 1780. Green glazed faience scarab, uninscribed. From Abydos. Length, ^V in. 1781. Green glass scarab, uninscribed. From Abydos. Length, § in. 1782. Gray stone oval plaque , uninscribed. From Abydos. Length, ^V in. 1783. Dark stone scarab, uninscribed. From Abydos. Length, f in. 1784. Dark green polished stone oval plaque, uninscribed. From Abydos. Length, | in. SCARABS. 327 1785. Large steatite scarab, inscribed with a record of the slaughter of one hundred and two lions by Amen-hetep III. during the first ten years of his reign ; the text reads : — f Uii Q anx Heru ka next x^ em May live the Horus, bull powerful, diademed with P 2. maat semen o^iP£ hepu sekerh ^^^^' { ^Zifs^uf } ' ^^t(^f'lisher of laws, pacifier of n^^c:^ Heru nub taui tieru nuD aa x^pes the tivo lands, Horus the goldefi, ?nighty of valoin I I hu sati suten net smiter of foreign lands, ■^'^X 4- _f King of the North "I (^ and Sotith, C^3] Neb-maat-Ra sa Ra en x^t - f Neb-7nadt-Rd, son of the sun, of body his, 2 U 2 '28 SCARABS. Amen-hetep heq Uast ta anx Ajuenheiep, prince of Thebes, giver oflife,\afid] \ ^ CM] ^! '-5^1 l'^ suten hemt 6\ er x^t mau an royal spouse Thi. In respect of liofis, brought en hen - f em satet - f t'esef ^aa majesty his from shooting his otvn, beginning em renpit ua neferit er renpit met mau from year first up to year tenth, lions IH\^ e II hesau saa sen fierce, one hundred and tivo. XVIIIth dynasty. About B.C. 1500. Length, 3^ in. 1786. Green glazed faience let u, emblem of stability, surmounted by horns, plumes, etc. From 'I'una. Height, 4/ai'''' SCARABS. 329 1787. Blue glazed faience fragment of a vase with figure of a fish, flowers, etc., in relief. Very fine work. From Tuna. Length, i gin. 1788. Green glazed faience fragment of a vase with the figure of man, papyrus plants, etc., in relief. Very fine work. From Tuna. Length, 2| in. Nos. 834-1310. AMULETS, ETC. 834. Onyx utchat ^^, inscribed ^-^ Length, -^^ in. 835. Onyx utchat '^^j inscribed ^^ T ^. Length, \ in. 836. Green glass utchat ^^- Length, -^\ in. 837. Blue glazed /a/tv/^-lazuli pillar surmounted by the head of a hawk. Height, ig-in. \ 340 AMULETS, ETC. 1195. Green glazed faience pillar surmounted by a lion's head, upon which is a disk. Height, lyV in. 1196. Lapis-lazuli lotus pillar surmounted by a ram's head upon which is the |^^ crown. Height, if in. 1197. Green glazed steatite stamp, inscribed with a bull's head 0. Diameter, | in. 1198. Green glazed steatite stamp, inscribed with a sistrum 1 having pendent ur^ei. Diameter, 9-/g in. 1199. Green glazed steatite plaque, pierced; on one side is a figure of Thoueris in relief, and on the other are inscribed and lotus flowers. Length, \ in. 1200. Green glazed steatite plaque, pierced ; on one side in relief is a hawk, and on the other is inscribed Amen-Ra M . Length, fV i"- 1 AAAAAA I 1201. 1202. Green glazed steatite cylinders in- scribed with emblems of "life," "good luck" "tI jT T •¥-, and lines. Length, y\ in. and ^-^ in. 1203-1205. Green and blue glazed /a/Vw^ shrines with figures of a goddess on two sides of each in hoilow-work. Height, -^^^xw. to fin. AMULtTS, lilC. 341 1206-1207. Lapis-lazuli stamps with the words r\ It 1 1 ] r I f---— 1 " Temple of Amen " [1 on the base. Diameter, VVi^^- 1208. Green glazed steatite stamp, inscribed with a hawk and winged uncus. Diameter, -iVin- 1209-1214. Green glazed /(//Vz/tr draughtsmen. Height, ^ in. to i in. 1215. Bluish-green glazed faience ring with scarab of the same material. Diameter, if in. 1216. Green glazed faience plaque with a dog- headed ape in relief. Length, if in. 1217. Green glazed steatite bead surmounted by three frogs. Length, f in. 1218. Portion of a green glazed faience ring ; a lotus flower surmounted by an aegis of Ivhnemu. Length, i^in. 1219. Light green glazed faience pendant, having "j^^ . cat, etc., in hollow work. From Abydos. Length, \\ in. 1220. Dark blue glazed faience pendent figure of Bes. Length, i^in. 2 Y 342 AMULETS, ETC. 1220a. Red ^z.z^6. faience pendent figure of Bes. Length, f in. 1221. Greenish-blue glazed faience pendent figure of a sow. Length, | in. 1222. Greenish-blue glazed faience pendent figure of a sow. Length, \ in. 1223. Greenish-blue glazed faience pendent figure of a sow. Length, -^in. 1224. Greenish-blue glazed faience pendent figure of a sow. Length, \ in. 1225. Green glazed faience pendent figure of an altar. Length, W in. 1226. Green glazed faience pendent figure of a serpent. Length, \\\x\. -1227. Blue glazed ya/tvi^