ftXV fir fry, S^-4>jpK'f 13^ ^» KANcoRSKi ft sirrcLirvB T H E A R T f {-^ Oftnal^ng DEVISES^ I T REA TING OF Hieroglyphicks, SymboleS;, Emblemes, ,£nigma s, Sentences, Parables, Reverfes of Medalls, Armcs, Blazons, Cimiers, Cyphres and Rebus. Firjl iVritten in French B Y HENRY ES TIEN NE, Lord of Pojfe;^ y Interpreter to the French King for the Latine and Greek Tongues: AND Tranjlated into Englijh by T u o: B l^o ii n t fif the Inner Temples fient. L N ly o li^ Printed by W, B, and ^. G, and are to be fold by Hnnffhrey Mtfelej^ at the Princi's Armes in ^ahU " i \ TO THE N O B I L I T I AND GENTRV oi E!NiqLAU^. His Piece (being fent me out of France^ as a double rarity, both in relped: of the fubjedl and the qua- \ lity of the Author)! had no iooner read, then (taken with its ingenuity} I was moved to cloathe it in an EngHfh habit, part- ly out of envy;, that other Nations flhould glo- ry to have out-knowne us in any Art, elpeci- ally ingenious, as is this ofDevifes , which be- ing the proper badges of Gentlemen, Com- manders, and perfons of Honour, mayjuftly A 2 chal- challenge their countenance and favour, whereunto tis lacred. My Author affirmes himfelfe to be the firft hath written of this fubjed in his Mother- tongue • and I might lay the like here, were it not that I find a fmall parcell of it in Cam- dens Remaines , under the title of Jm^refes ^ which are in effed: the fame with 'Deinfes, ThencC;, you may gather , that the Kings of England, with the Nobility and Gentry^ have for fome hundreds of yeeres {though I) eyifes arc yet of far greater Antiquity) both efteemed and made ufe ofthem '. onely in former times they arrived not (as now) to that height of perfedlion ; for they fometimes did (as the unskilfuUftill doe) make ufe of Mottoes with- out figures , and figures without Mottoes. We read that Hen. the 3. (as liking well of Remu- neration) commanded to be written (by way oiDevtje) in his Chamber at Woodftock, Qui non dat quod amat^ non acclptt 'die cjuod optat. ; Edtp. the 3. bore for his Deyife the rayes of the Sunne dreaming from a cloud without any Motto. Edmond oiLctngley, Duke of York , bore a Vedicatoyy, a Faulcon in a Fetter-lock, implying, that he was locked up from all hope and poisibility of the Kingdome. Hen, the 5. carryed a burn- ing Crejfet, fometim.es a Beacon , and for Motto (but not appropriate thereunto) Une Sans Plu s, one and no ?nore. Edwxhc 4. bore tht? Sun after the Battell of Mortimers-Croffc^ where three Sunnes were feene immediately conjoy- ning in one. Hen, the 7. in refpe^ of the uni- on of the two Houfes of York and Lancafler^ by his marriage, ufed the White Rofe united with the Red, fometimes placed in the Sunne. But in the raigne of Hen. the 8. Deyifes orew more femihar, and fomewhat more perfed:, by adding Mottoes unto them, in imitation of the Italians and French (amongft whom there is hardly a private Gentleman.but hath his par. ticular Dm/O For Hen, the 8. at the inter- view betweene him and King Francis the firlt, whereat Charles the fift was alfo prefent ufed for his DeVife an Englift Archer in a grecne Coat drawing his Arrow to the head with this Motto^ Cui Adh^reo, PR^rEST.' when as at that time thofe m ghty Princes banding one againft another,wrough: him for their owne particular. A3 To Tl?e Epiflle To the honour of Queene lauej (who dyed willingly to lave her child King Edward) a Phenix was reprefented in his Funcrall fire with this Motto ^ Nascatlir U t Alter. Queene Mary bore winged Time , drawing Truthoutof a pit, with Veritas Temporis FiLiA. Queene Eli:^abeth upon leverall oceafi- ons ufed many Heroicall DeVtfes , fometimes a Sive without a Motto/as Camden relates) and at other times thefe words without figure^, Vi- deo , Taceo , and Semper Eadem. King lames ufed a Thiftle and a Rofe united , and a Crowa over them, with this M>f^o,HENRicus RosaSjRegna Jacobus. Pr. Hewry (befides that DeVife which is appropriate to the Princes of Wales) made ufc of this Motto, without fi- gure, Fas Est Aliorum Qu3^rere Regna. And His Majeftie that now is ^ that other of Christo Auspice Regno. Our Prince I beares (as all the Princes of Wales have done fince the black Prince) for his Denj'ife (which tTofO' we commonly ,though corruptly call the Prin- ^bcE\c\x ^^^ Armes) a Coronet beautified with three ■/ your Oftrich feathers, and for Motto, ^ Ich Dien, '^htonguc. i. e. Ifrrye, in the Saxon tongae , alluding to that jjedtcatojy. that of the ApoftlC;, TIpe heire ^hile he kachiUe^ differ eth nothing from aferyant. The late Earle of Effex, when he was cafl: downe with forrow, and yet to be employed in Armes, bore a fable Shield without any fi- gure, but inlcribed , Par Nulla Figura DoLORi. Sir

ian Sea, furrounded with its Ihoares, which neither ebbeth nor floweth, andfor Motto,SiNE Refluxu. Some may object, that in regard Tiltings, Tournaments, and Mafques, ( where Deytjes were much in requeft) are for the prefent laid afide, therefore VeVtfes are of lefle ule. Whereto I anfwer, that as thofe Jufting or jefting Wars are difufed, fo have we now an earneft, though much to be lamented Warre, which renders them more ufefuU then ever, I meane for Cornets and Enjtgnes • And of theic, let me alfo give you fome examples out of the prefent times. On the Kings party, one beares for his Cornet-Devife Saint Michael kil- ling the Dragon for the figure , and for Motto^ Quis Ur Deus r Another is fo bold as to bearc |l neEpiJlle beare the pidure of a King Crowned and Ar- medjVvich his Sword drawne, and this Motto, M E L I S-l S EST M O III IN BE LLO , CLll A M V I- DERE MALA G E N T I s N o s T RiE. A third bcars onelyaDye, vvithU tcunq^lie q^uadratus. Natura- ^ fourth figurcs the beaft called an ^ Ermyne ^ '/''^f, with this Afoffo, Mallem Mori Quam Foe- ■hoofe to D A Ri. A fift reprcfents five hands fnatching at 'I ' '^ a Crown, defended by an armed hand and fword from a Cloud, with this Motto^ Red- DiTE C.rsARi. A fixt figures a Landskip of a pleafant Country, with houfes , corne , &c. invaded by beggerly people^, and for Motto , Barbarus Has Segetes ? &c. On the Parliaments party we find one bea- ring in his Cornet,the Sun breaking through a Cloud with E X Ll R G A T e t d I s s I p a b u n t u r. Another reprefents a Deaths-head,and a Law- rell-Crown, with Mors vel victoria. A third figures an armed man, prefenting a fword to a Bifhops breaft, withViSNE Epi- \ scopare ? the Bifliop anfwering, Nolo, Nolo , Nolo. A fourth fayes onely (with- out any fi<7ure) Tandem bona causa triumphat. 'i A fift reprefents the Sunne, difsipating a clou- dy Vedtcatory, dy ftotme^ with Post nubila p hoe bus. A fixt, figures an arm^d man , hewing off the corners of an Univerfity Cap with his fword/ and this Mfto , M u T o q_iiadrata rotun- Dis^ Sec. Now though thefe DeVifes for the moft part argue wit in the Compofers,yet many of them are either imperfed: or defedive, which may be attributed to the want of the prefcribed rules of this Art^ which this Treatile doth af- ford you_,together with a Sjjwpjis or fhort view oiHteroglyphtcksy Emblemes ^ ^Veyfes of Medallsy and all other inventions of vvit^ which any vvayes relate thereunto. I might alfo flhew you here how many feveral waies VeVtfes are ufeful (cfpecially for Seals^ being drawn from fome effentiall part of the bearers Armes) but that I hold it not fit to foreftall the Reader in a Pre- face. I am onely to beg pardon for my leffe po- liflit fl;yle;,(which I flial the rather hope to ob- tain;, fince things of this nature require a plain delivery^^rather the elegancy or affeded phraie) not doubting but that the difcovery of this Art will yeeld fo great contentment to you, whofc wits are elevate as farre above the vul- The Epiftle^ ^c, gar, as are your rankes and qualities, that ia fome Academicall Sesfion, you will decree the Author to be your Prefident, the Art your Exercife. Exy^dib.Interioris Templi 17. Mart. T. 2. sis 9J5 ^ THE AUTHOPvS P R E F A C Ufcelli {cvi Italian Author) Jaith, thdt It belongeth ondy to the mojl ex- cellent limits and hefc refined liidg- ments ti) undertake the makmz of Deviles^ and that it is a quality llphich hath been fought and de fired by many^ but njeiy few have been able to put it in execution. Paulas Joyius (o?ie of the choicefl l^its of his time, and the firfl that enriched m iPtth this Art) confeffeth ingenu- oufiy^ that of himfilfe he could neyer make any one Ti?hereof he could be entirely jatisfyed. Johannes Andreas Palazzi inferrs from thence y that if it be a difficult matter to frame a Devife;, compleated Mpith all its properties y That a Fortiori it is a hard thing to prefcribe precepts ^ and Jcore out the 't^ay to attaine to that perfeEiion, As for my Jelfe I confeffe freely ^ that being moyed unto and inflruSied by my late Vncle Ro- bert Eftienne in maktng Devifes, eight and twenty yeares agocy J made a greater quantity then a?id found k a lejfe labor ^ then mw^ that I know the excellency and a % yiib-^ 1 he Prerace. jubtility of the Art •^herein rvertly Ihaye taken Jo ^/eat delight, that the exercije of Arms ^ could neVer divert mefroynfo noble an employment^ "^hich hath alwaies been to me a '^ell-pleaftng recreation amidft the fa^ tigues of lt>ar. And a^ I e}idea\^ourcd (a^ neer a.s pojjt- hle) to attaine to the perfeBion of this Art^ I applied 7?iy felfe {^ith equal! care) to read the Greek;,Latine^ It2i[i3.n y and French Authors , Ti?ho have treated of HieroglyphickSj Symboles,EmblemeS;, ^Enig- maes, Armories^, Cimiers^, Blazons^ Reveries o/Medalls^ D cv iks ^and Juch like inventions of Wit, ivhich have fome relation to each other^ldiflmguijhed them the one from the other ^ for 7?iy own particular ufe^ and colic fled thence all thatfeemed moft notable unto me. At length beingfoWcited by my friends {^vho had a ^reat opinion of my ability for thef Effaies^) IhaVe adventured to publijl? this little TraEiate^ devoid of all o-races and embeUijhmentSy co7itenting my fife onely to difcovcr to others the light ivhich I could receive from famous Authors • To the end that thofe ivho haVe leffe experience herein then jnyjelfc^ may reap Jome profit thence, ^nd that J }nay excite Jome better Genius (wherewith this age is much more enriched then the pre- cedent) to improve my deftgn andfupply my defeHs - From fuchl hope happily to gaine jome favour {though otherwife my labours fucceed not, according to my aime) fnce The Preface. fincelam the firjl that hath treated ofthisjtihjccim our mother tongue, hi a ipord, there's no hegtmiingy hut is difficulty nor ts there any Tefant (though never fo Jimple) that merits not Jome kind of recommence ^ in having been a guide andjhewed the way to a great num- ber ofCaptaints, "^ho following it, haVe atcheiVed their noble defignes, lam then refolved to entreat of Hieroglyphicks, SymboIeS;, and reverfes of Medalls^ of the Anci- ents (and ofthofe butfunmiarilyy becaufe many have already beaten the fame TraB) fince mofl Writers draw the origin of them from our Devifes ^ TSlor will J loje the opportunity to fay Jomethingof^mgm2.'s^ Emblem es., Gryphes^ md Parables, yis aljo- of ArmeS;, Cimiers^, Blazons^- Cyphers^ and Re- buS;, which the un-knoiving confound with Devifes, according to the necefftty of the dijcourfe, which fmll oblige us to unfold their differences. WeJJyall obferVe the definition and Etimologic o/'DevifeS;, their origin and antiquity^ their utility and fin all end. Wefloall (to render them perfefl) recite the rule; of their bodies^ which fome call figure s^and cftheirWottocs ivhich are termed Soules and ivords^ with the relation they have each to other y the places from whence they ought to be drawne^and generally all that is to be obferVed in bring- ing a Devife toperfeBion yyet ^vithout wider taking to a 3 ejia^ The Prerace. eflahlijh fuch inVwlable ^les^ either hy my ownepdr- tkular opinion^ or in the name of the Italians , but that J willjubmit my hdgment to the more learned in this Art. TSior will it be held reafonable that we altogether fubjeSl ourfeLves to the Italian Laws in this occurrence offo fmall concernment^ jtnce in all things elje they are accujlomed to receive Law from our Jrmes. Henry EJlienne S' des Foflez. AParis, Achevc d'imprimer pour la premiere fois le 10. Mars, i 64J. To my ^J^Qohle Friend ^ M' Thomas Blount, u^on his Tranflation. HOw could I ftylc, or thinkc my fclfe a Friend To thcc or Learning, ihould I not commend This curious Piece of thine i So full of wic As not to praife it, (bcws a want of it. Well may I termc it thine, fo many things Added by thee, with rare Embelcfhings. The fubje(5l lauds it fclfe ; the heavenly fphcare T,he Elements, and works of Nature beare The matter of this Art ; from whence to draw The life-conferring forme thou giv'ft the Lawi What Enfigne^ Armes^ or Aifion that afpires. But, to com pleat it, an Imfrefe requires ? What generous Soulc will in a noble way His Miflreffe Court, and not his wit difplay In fomc Bevife ? Let thofe who have but fouk Enough to eate and drinfcc this work controule : Wits will applaud it, and the moft rcfin'd Difclofc moft Emcrtaiomcnts for the Minde. f . W. Ar. The Names of the Greek;, Latine, Italian, and French Authors cited in this Treatife. AmIm Gelliw, Alexander, Alciat, Athenens, Arifiotle, - AlexAndro Farra. Arttlpater, Arvigio. Academico Ren»V4t9. BihU. Bttdatu, BargagU. Bartholomj T^egio. C^Hjfinm. Cicero. CleArehtu, Clemens Alexandrlntu, Charles E^iennies hiftory. oiLtrrMne, DiomedeSt DonMtPts, Demetrius PhitlerifU. Du Belly, '^Cchjlttt, "EufebiHs, Bpi^etM, Fabius. FraJiagUte Intrfinatfi, Gabriel Simeoni, Hannibal Cart, HeredftM, Hipparchus, Horace, Uhannes Bodintts. lacjHes ToreUj Fan§, Johannes Andreas PaUazA^ Lucan, Lndovico Dominici, AIofcopulM. Olans MagnfUo, Origen, Orw ApoUo, Ovid, PatelHs lovius, Pythagoras. Pitritt4% Porphirius. PindarHs. Paufanias, Petrarch, ^-^^ Plutareb, P, Critus. Ruffinm AqHilitnfts, Rufcellu StAciw. SalmazAHi. Scipione Ammirato, Tipotim, Virgil, VaUa, Valiritu Probtts, THE T H E A Pv T Of waking DEVISES: F TREATING Hferoglyjphicks, S)rmboles, EmbJemes, ^^nigma s, Sentences^ Parables, Reverfes of Medalh, Armcs, Blazons, Cimiers, Cyphrcs and Rebus. Chap. I. Of Hieroglyphtck^ . Here i$ no doubt, but that after the Hebrevvcs, the Egyptians were the firft that did moft precifely addid themfclvestoall manner of Sciences ; nor did they profefle any on?, which they efteemed more commendable, then that of Hieroglyphick/, which held the firft rank among their lecret Di- fciplines. vjhereof Atofes had without doubt a perfed Idea, as the holy Scriptures teftifie : From whence we gather, that he was ab- folutely perfed in all the learmng of the Egyptians. Phih of Hiere^lyphiclcs, Philo the J e w Gonfirmes this more clecrly in the life oFAtofes which he hath written ; where it is obfervtd, that Mtfes had Icirned from the Doftorsof Egypt, Arithmetick, , Gedmetry^ and AdtffujHe, as well prtiflick as thcorick, together with this hiddtn Phylofophit ,exprt{Tcd byCharaftrri, which they term Hiiregly^ fkkhj yXYiZt is to fay, fcm*; marks ai;d figures of living creatures, whxh they adort d as t jods : Whence we prore the Antiqaity of this Science, whicli had M^fesior her moft renowned Difciplc. Ai^d PjtUag$ras ( whole Maltcr in this Science was ^ntptotus of Heliopolu) iransten cd ii into Greece, where he cnrich'd it with many Symbolcsthai bcarchis name. Ncvcrthclcflc It is not prcbabltr, that the EgypMans were abfo- 'ebim lutely the firll Authors of this Learning, Cinct* AUxsndfr (m the ; mcncion Hiftorifi ot the J ewfS which he compiled ) faith, that Abraham if -^"'hor. jj^^j ^^^^ certaine time in the City of Belief olU with the Egyp- tian Pricfts, to whom he taught Aprologu^ which he gloried to have received by Tradition from Enock. And truly, the Principles of other Sciences could not be infufed hyAbtAham into the minds of Pofterity, without thcfc kinds of Symbolcs and <^Hiiin4i*s, which fervc as a Rind or Bark to confcrve all the myfteries of oar Anccftors wifdome. Beiides, God framing this world with fuch varieties of living creatures,{et before the eyes of our ficft Parents fome draughts and refcmblancrs, vt'ht nee men might perceive, as through the tra- vrfeof aCloudjtheiniupportable rayesof his Divine Majefty. Therefore EfiCietw to good purpofe hath noted, that men havt withiiuheii foules "5^ Qii m'ij.0o\ct, fome Symboles and marks of his Divinity, whcl.God imprints in us.by the Species ofalithofe obj As whch he fcts before our eyes. 'T was for the fame reafan th»T fomsny objeds which prefented themfelves to the view of AA^m, Enoch, Mefes^ and thr othft Patriarchs, were as fo rhany Char rters. illuminated by ih^'Divine fplendour,fey means where- of the Eternall Wildoonc did configne his name into the heart of mjiii. And I am the rather of this opinion, becaufe I fee, that ill tiiofe, who (moved by the fame fph it) have treated of the myfte- ries of our Religion, have ilirowdedihem under the veiles of Fi- gures and S) m boles ; we fee nothing more frequent in the one and tbe other Tcftimf nt. And truly the H:brewe$ did fo tflecmc this way of fpwking aaci \5["f^"§ ^V Charaftcrs , that all their of Bitnglyf^hicks, difcGurfts which were fubtile and ingenious, and had in them much grace and acateneflc, they called M a s c h a l , which word is properly undiiftood of Parables and Similirudtj. But that which be«ot credulity that the Egyptians were the firft inventors of this Science, wasthegreat eftcCine they had of it, and the multitude of Figures which are engraven by them in all Monuments of Antiquity. Fhilothe Jew faithjThatthe Science of the Egyptians is twc- fold; The one vulgar, plaine and expofcd to all the world,towit» Geemctry^ Afirologicy Ariihmetick^^ and Mnjlqyte : The other ©b- ftrufe and facred, called HzVro^^^/j/^'Vi^/, which by themcangs of fomc SymhUs and Enigma,' s, did containe the grave and ferious myfterics as well of the faculty of Theologic as ofPhifiologieand Policy : And this was onely common amongft the moft learned Priefts. Therefore Origen calleth this Science of Symboles, Ufjrm ?f*A<^«7a, holy letters. Moreover, the Egyptians were wont to fay, that there was a cer- taine divine power that prefided in the fcience of Hierogly phicks, and illuminated the underftandings of thofe who ftudycd it , by expelling thofe fhades of darkntffe occurring in the Meanders and ambiguities of fo great diverfity of things, toconduft them to a perfcifl and true knowledge of their Charafterj. The places whereon they incifcd thefe Figures,to conferve their memory, were their laborious Obelifques, tht well- wrought Frontifpieces of their Temples, and the hugebulk of their Pyra-^ mides, whereof X»ctfx/»ywftf»f takes it.Therefore I am of opinion, that theZ)f- vifcy having the fame end and fcope, ought alfo to have the fame originall ; And it is very probable, that this French word is taken from ArchiteUnre : For when a Mafter Mafon,or Archited:,un- dertakes a building, he layes the Plat-forme and Devife of it, to make the agreement ; infomuch,ts from rfais word Z)ft/iy^( which is the difcourfe made upon the Strudure of the whole edifice) comes the term o^devifing a warkyOi devifing a hmlding-^thtLi is to fay, to lay the plot or dcfign of it,and from thence, without doubt, Cometh this word Devife^ which is, as an Image of our inclinati- ons or affeftions. Befides, we have a more particular definition of itjin this French word Devifer* whereof Du Beliey makes ufe, when he faith Devifer ^nei^nvn^m ftead of delcribing or difplay» ing peoples manners: Andiruiy. a man cannot better drrpiint the humour or paflion of any perfon, then by making his D^t/»7^ itisneedfuUtoknowthefubftance, true forme and propriety of it : Let us therefore fearch out thefe three parts of the Devife in other Authors. The fecret Acadcmicks of Breffe hold that a Devife is a myfticallmedLyofpidure and words, reprefenting in a narrow roome to all thofe,whofe fancies are not altogether blunted with want of knowledge , lomc fecret meaning,in favour of one or more perfons. C«ntile is of opinion, that a Devife is a thing compounded of fi- gures and words, which difcover fome gallant andheroick defign: And of J)evtj€s» And (to explain himfelf) faith,that the term oi'Camp&/ition holds the place of t Genui Sc Predicament in this definition;That that rc- fembhrxe or relation which difcovers the Authors intention is to be found in the figure, That the words reprefent a Qiort difcourfe in fome fort obfcure , the fence v/hereof relates to the particular quality of the figure, whereto it fcrvcs in liew oi a foule : And that the hcroick defign holds the rank of D ifference^ being here, as the form that fpecifies the true propriety o\ the Devife, Bargagli doth not altogether approve of this definition,having obferved, that an t fifentiaii part of the Devife is therein wanting, which is the Comfarifsn^ and upon the word Similitude (he faith) that Author doth not fufficicntly explicate himfelf; befidcsthat, Df^j/fj are not aUvayes framed for noble and magnanimous Dc- figneSjbut indifferently to reprefent any paflion of the mind. And zccox(i\T\gtoFaUzA.i^'3,Devife is a means to exprcflefome one of cur more particular conceptions, by the Pourtraidl of fome thingjWhich of it felfe hath fome relation to our fancy, and by the ufeot fome words, which are proper to thefub/ed". This Author unfolds alfo the parts of thisZ)/»i?»,putting for the Genpu,th%t a Devife U a me arte s to exfre^ejome Conceptions y and for the D»/^ /«■- vife ferveth to dilcover to our friends or cqaalls the conccipts of our mindes , which wee would not have knowne to o- thers. As for my felfc, I am ofopinion, that as all Arts and Sciences Were not petfcfted in their Infancy,but were compleated by little anillittle : fo rhcfc Hieroglyphicks and Symbolts were a Species of that, which we CiU Devife: For it is certain, that under thefe veiles lye hid fotrie rare meaning, and chat thofe who firft framed Devifcs had no orher Idea then onely that. But ( fctting afide the Hicroglyphicks ) doe we not fee t great refemblance of Dc vifes, even from the time of the Theban Warre • ...l;-!. Oj the ortgtn And Amquity f which was 1 300. yeares bf fore the Incarnation of our Sayiour^ as^fchjipunoiethf in his Tragedy, Gntit\i\cd , Thefe'ven l;efere Thebes ^ where (fpeakingof C<2/?4«tf«* j he faith,that in his Shield he had a naked man painted with a flaming Torch in his hand,und tkefe words written in Letters of Gold, J 1 Bru slerayLa CiTB, I mil hum the City. The fame Author (fpeakiiigot£ff»- sles)\^\ik\, Ifaat he bore upon his Buckler or Shield th^pidure of an armed Qian,plic'ing a Ladder againft a wall, with thefe words, Mars Mesme Ne Mb Pourra Repoussbr De La Muraille,?. r. Adars himfelfjhaliuot repulfe me from the roaU. We fee in Pindarw, that in the fame Warro, Amphiaram bore a Dragon on his Shield. Staeifu like wife wrireth, that Capa- nsM andPc//»»V^^borc,the one an Hydra, the othjr a Spynx. The Ancients for the mod part made ufeofthcfe kind of I) / in their Shields, and CimitrSy or habiliments for the head, which is plainly fcen in Virgil j'^fneid. S. when he numbers the people that came in the behalf of 7"«r»«/, againft the Trojans. Therefore in this I approve the opinion oiPaUzzi, and rejed that oiBargagli, though it be true, that all the rules ofDevifes arc net there obler- ved ;for infome,youmay fee humane figures and bodies without foules or words : But thefe Ctnfarcrs (hould have lived before thofe Ancients to htv, prefcribed them the Law. I im cafily per- fwadtd.thatif thofe inventions of v^it merit not the name ofDe- vifes, that they haveatleaftagreat affinity with them, and that they were the Pattern by which ours were conirived. But ( I be- feech you) (hall we not approve oi rhat which we read in PAnfa- nias tonCQrnins,Agamtmn0Hy who going to the Trojan Warres, bore the head of a Lyou carv«jd upon his Shield ( t© intimidate the enemy ) with thde words. Hic Pavor Est Hominum, Manibus Gerit HuNC Agamemnon. Thu Agnmr-rrnon in hU h^nds doth hear, Tofirikejeft mtrtaUs -with apanmck^feare. For we may perceive initfomeeflentiall parts of a D^W/V ; the figufc takep from nature, and without humane face, accompanied with words,and a St comparilon, propofing a gallant defigncand aparticularconcciptof wit. That alio which Citt bore a Lyon barred : Ogier the Dane a fcalint; Ladder ; Salomon of Betaign a Chequer board: 0/mr, a Griffin : jlftolphui, a Leopard: tnd Cannes a. Faulcon, and fo of others : A$ alio the Knights of the Round Tx- bleof Arthur Kingof^m/<«w,and many others, whereof exam- ples arc to be found in all ages,as we may read hiPaIai.i,i*j Trea- tife of Devifes ; Neverthelefle, I muft not omit the ancient Devife of a Prince fprung from the rice of the French K.ngs, which is of Charles, brother to Lotharius King of Frxnce^ the firft Dtikc of Z<'rr.c»«tf,that enjoyed that Djkedomeindepcndent,und in re'.pt ft ofthaifreedome a id innmuniry, tor kfor Z)^^'^7^an arcne armed; ifluingoutofacloud, in theyeerc P83. ^% Charles Eftienne rcci- teth in his Hiftory of Z//,and that at the time of Charles the 8. and Lewes thci 2, palTing into Italy, all the French Captaines made ule of them to adorne their Efcorcheons, and to enrich their Enfignes,Banners,Gaidon$,and Cornets, whereby their Troopet and Companies w-rrc^ .■liliinguil'hed. And from h;rnce the Italians learn*dtheufeo*D#t/»/(f/, in the compoiure of which at this day they appear to be tiic moit ingenious. w Chap. IX. Rules for Devtfes. EE arenowentringintoaSca, little known to thofe of our Nation,whcrd the Sands are imperceptible,the{helvs jor vcvijes, Uvell with the water,thc current troublebme, the tide incertain, andthcCoaftinfrequented : Therefcre tis requifite, wtftrikca part ©f our Sailes, and fteer on with a gentle gale, till fuch time as we ftiall confult our guides , and take sdvife of the muft expert Pilots, and Mafter of our Ship , who hath much more then we frequented this Ocean. Our guide fhall be PaulHsJavius, v/ho firft enterprized this voyage ; Rufce//i,PAlaz,z.ij Contile, Ammirato, and other Italians (hall be the Mariners I moft conlult in this Navigation : But B^r' gagli Cvvholalt went this paliage, and who hath with moft dill* gt nee fought out the Coafts of this Sea, who made the Card, moft carefully obfcrvtd all the dangerous paflages, and hath raadei great return by his imbarqment ) (hall be acknowledged for the moft expert Pilot,andfurc Condudtorof our Navigation. We will therefore propofe the tenents of the ftift, and compare their opinions with the hft,to conclude at length upon all matters, circumftances,and conditioBS of D^'j^t/i?/. Faulpis foviw propounds five Conditions rcqaifite in a perfeft Devife. I . Firft , a juft proportion or relation of the Soule to the Body. a. That it be not fo obfcure, as to need a Sybill to interprete it -, nor yet fo plain,a$ tht? common people may comprehend it. 3. Thatabove all things, it have a fweet appearance, which fhall (utceed, by inferting therein either Stars, Sun, Moon, Fire, Wa er, ureen Trees, mechanicall Inftruments, diverfified^and fan- tall call Beafts and Birds : Howbeit, I am o^oplnion, thatco- Icurcd fi-,urci arc not rcccivcable in the bodies oiDevifes, 4. T.iat it muft net have any humane figure. 5 . And that the Motto ('which is the foule of the Devife) be in a ftiangc language, or other then thatwhich is ufcd intheCountry, wherciiit- 2)*^'^ismade, tothecnd, that the intention of it bee a little removed from common capacities. A D^^'i/^ requires five Conditions more ^ whereof the firft is, I . That the Motto be concifj or britfe,but not doubtf uU 3 infc- muchjfhatthc foule fh^ill be the morepcrfedl, when it exceeds not the y.umbtr of two or three words, unlcf!c it be of an Himillicke or whole Ycrfe. D 3 a. It auies 2. It tnuftbe obferved.that the body and faule(bsing very com- plcat ) Jo not produce too tmbitious a conceipt,leaft hc(for whom it is made J be iccufed of vanity «nd prefumption . 3. A Dtffi/ir ought to reliflafomewhat of magnanimity, gene* ro(ity,andfabtilty. 4. It muft fatisfie the eyeby the body,and yceld content to the mindby thefoule. 5 . Thok Devifes, which have but one onely word or one filla- ble,sre held by this Author very abfurd. Chap. X. The tpnim of ffierommy KufceUi, RVfceHi (contrary to the opinion of Paulm Jovius') faith, that the Motto of the D^z^ii/^ ought not to be called the Soulc, though the figure reprefent the body. As in all other fubjeds where there is a body, it doth not f olio w that there is alwayes a foule,as in Mufick we may fay, the Notes reprefent the body, and the words trc correfpondcnt to the Soule : But if the 'Devife muft haveaSoule, it would rather be the intention or figniHcttion then the words. He diftinguiflicth Devifes into two kind$,the one with,and the other without words. Figures were heretofore more commenly joyncd to Devifes then Mottoes J becaufe the figures were known to every one, but the Mottoes wtre not fo generally underfteod. As for the opinion of thofe, who affirme, that the Motto ought not to be called SQwlQiRnfceii confirms it ; for ihat,(aith be, other- wife it were to admit of Bodies without Soulcs, there being De- vifes which have no Motto's, and are neverthelcffe approved of. Notwithftanding, he concludes, that it would be a very difficult thing to abolifli the ufe ofthcfe two ttrmes, or that ancient man- ner of (peaking of Body and Soule upon the fubjcA of D^x/j/^/j though in truth the Motto be kfle then ifac foule of a Devife, then is the intention or dcfigneof an Author. According to the judgment of this Author,a Devife (to be true and perfed)ought to have all the conditions toilo wing. It muft for uiv!jes. be invented andcompofed withconveniencie,quaintnefre, fecuri- ty,and to the glory ot its Author. Btfides, ha addes,that the Figure and the Motto are its ncceflary parts, the one to allure the eye, the other to invade the mird;This is alfo PaulHi foviui his opinion in his Fourth Confideration : But befides theft Conditions, and ef- fgntiall parts, it mufl: have fome qualities, which are proper unto itjCleerneffe and brevity, and above all,thislaftisofneceflityre- ^uifitess wellintheBody asintheSoule : For the parts of the Body, or the fubftantiall Figures of the Devife^ mufl not be more then two,nor mutt the words exceed the nHinbcr.of three, unltfle it be to make ufe of an half verfe, or at the moft to accoaipiifli the whole one : However fome Authors are not fo fcrupulous,as not to admit of a verfe and a half for their Motto, but farely thofeare not commended, nor do they fucceed well; forafmuch, as the great number of words doth confound the Motto with the Figure in fuch fort that thofe Devifes which are expofed and born ordina- rily at Tournaments or Mafqaes, would not be diftinftly known in this form by the SpedVators. Wee may fay the like of thole that are ufed upon Standards, Enfignes,Cornets,and Coynes,in refpeft of the little roome wherein they are comprized. Therefore when the Motto Is fhort, the figure doth difcover it felfmore eafily, and the words are better retained in the memory ; But if at firft fight, thev be not undtrftood , the knowledge of them is found out by meditation: And by rtfleding the eyes of the mind upon the Idea, which we there reraine,wc come at laft to penetrate the meaning of the Author, For the precife number of one,t wo,or three figures,itmuft be un- derftood of different kinds or Species, & notofindividual$:&fora perftft example, Ilr propofe to you the Devife of Card; Z)^ Me^ iicAfjWhere he hath many little Stars and a Comet, which we ne- vei ti-.cltfie take but br two figures, becaufe thofe Stars without Bumbtrrcpielentbutonc onely Species j As alfo in that of the Duke of yWrf»r»rf.the two Swans which fight againft an Eagle,are taken but »or tne nature of the Swan. It may happen notwithitan- dmg that m theielf-famf^ Z)g\i he be other wife a learned Hiftorian)and principally for that he altogether rcjedcth from Devifcsjthz figure of hu nanc bjdv for Devtfes, body, though elfewhere he pradiccth the contrary, by approving fomc of that fort inferred in his owne Treatife, and (amongft o- thers) thit of LewuSfffrcff, where there is a Blackamore, who withaPiftoUkillsaLidy ; Tnat which he himfelfc made for a Lord, his particular friend, where there is an Ennperour upon a Triumphant Chariot withrhisMotto,SE r vus Cu rru Por- TATUR EODBM , the Slave is carried by th; fame Chariot ^ and theZ)tfz/*/>oftheDukc ot Florence^ with many others, by which we may well perceiYc, that that La w, which the Legiflator himfclfe Kiakes no fcruple to violate, is inconfiderable. Then is it in vaine to pretend to exclude hunaane figares by authority, finca the Hieroglyphicks of the Egyptians, the Mcdalls, as well of the Romans as Grecians, and finally all the Memorials of Antiquity, arefuUof them ; There is much leffe reafon to debarre the ufe of them in Bevifes : Tor why fhall it be lawfuU to make ufe of the "Figures of Plants, living creatures , and mechanicall inftruments, or other things wrought by the hand of man, and fhall yet be pro- hibited to ufe the figure of the manhimftlfe, which is neverthe- ieflc the mcft excellent of all ? It is true, it would not be feemly to infcrt in a Devifcy thefigureof a manonely clad after the ordi- nary fafhion, becaufe that would be too common, but it would be more fit toreprefcnthim difguifcd, as they doe in Mafqucs and Mommeries. This Author approves of the figare of women in Devtfes y whether they be reprefented naked or clothed,as alfo that oiNymphfi SatjreSy Termes, or fuch like Divinities , which are not ufuall in our fight, and whereof the reprefentation may hand- fomely makeup thcbodyesof D^t/jy*/, as wc fee infome cxam- pkSj as well Ancient a^ Modcrne. Devifes and Emblemes have this common refemblance with each other, that they may be indifferently ufed wither without words; And their diiTercQCe is taken from this, that the words of the £w^/f«?ff may demonftrate things univerfall, and hold the rank of morall prtc pts, -v hich may as wcl ferve for all the word, as for the prt per author of the J^w^/fw. This generall applicati- on ofthe Motto, is a great error m2iDevife^ which ought to be particular, and the words thereof proper and futable to the perfon onely, in whofe favour the Devife is made. Ncv«4rtheleffe , this Condition hinders not, but that the Devife which hath been by me 2 5 JVHICS already ufedf, may aUo fcrve another day to exprefld th« fame in- clination, defigne or paflion in fome other perfon j yet we muft not conclude by this, that x\\QDevifes of Fathers ought to fetve his Children, unlciTd they baare the fameArmcs, have the fame inclinations, or be continued in ths fame offices. So States , and fo:ne particular Families, retaine ftill for their Devifes, the C#.- ^omncs of Hercules^ the Golden Fleece^ Saint Mkh^l, and other badges of honour. Tiiefiii'e Author pretends, that it is neither vice nor theft to appropriate to ont.v f^^lfthc Vevifeoi one that is already dead, fo thafihercbeiomethingaddtdor changed, aifcording to the de- ik ;e in hand. Was it not with thisliccnct, that a certain Pedant tppke thG Dcvife which the dec^afed Robert Ejiieme made foe the Duke of »S'«*'^/j as then Grand Mafter of the AitiUcry ? Ha- ving therein placed an Eigk, holding a Thunderbolt, and thefs. words. Quo JussaJovis, As farre as the command of ftipiter. This impudent Plagiary could not be content to keep the Condition of that Licence, but without changing a tittle, he took the boldneflc*o apply it (as an invention of his owne) to the Marqutffetjli^(?/»/,fonneofthefaidDukejandinhis Fathers- life time. He obferves alfo another difFi^rcnce betweenc Emblemes and Bevifesj which is, that in thofc, we may have many figures, but in thck, onely thrte. Chap. XL Of MtttotSy Atcordhg to the opinion ofthefaidKukQllu M0/^#^/rtq'4i're,tfe§famequaliurs,ai.li€ Figures, that is to lay, CieercniTe and Brevity, vvi.jch muft be obferved, ac- Cv di.^^to thecircupir:anc.;$oftim8an0rubiect, whereupon ths Devlfe is a.i*de, i% *'/t be onely to be feen at one time,at a J ufting or Maskc, then it ?juft L^ - plaine and intclligiblei but if the Devife be for s longer coatiniiancf', tLen we muft adds fome ornament, §rac< or ma jefty;, to render it lege common. The amorcuJ and oiorall ones ought not to be foobfcure faS' y »?»«!». .w©uld|^av€ it) fiuce they pughttobe underftood by the generality. for "Dtvifis, generality, otherwif^ they would be fruit leffe, efpecially the amo- rous, unkfle the author defiie, that the T>evife be not ipprehended by any perfon, but his Miftrt flh and fo of others. I am of opinion with f. y(?t//i«, ttiat the Vionot^xi^'Devifes which are for continuince, ought tolpe^^k in a ft range language, and the amorous ones and fuch asaref^orTournamtnts, Maskes and ComedieSjina vulgar,oratleafta knownc to:^gue, fincethty arc but for a fhort tirtic, and are cKpofcdtothe vit^w cf the un- learned. The plurality of Words doth no leffe incumber the apjirehenfioti of the Z)i?fii/?,then the great number of figurcs.lt is a hard thing to exprefle oncs feU by one onely word, 2 or | . fuffice to render a ve- ry exqaifite Devife^-mA the more it fexceeds thit number, ths kffe gentile is it, unlefle it be to ufe an Hemiftick or whole vtrle, be it Greek, L? tine or any other tlrange language, which is in refpc6t that verfcs or meafured fcntences have a certain grace, harmony and cadence, which caufe them to be read with facility, and retti- ned withdJighr. As for the c >nnex'on of the figure with the Motto, we mufl take heed that the words d< e not explicate the figure, but rather that thcfi^jure Usi iht^ reader totheundcrftandingefthe words, and that the Moitv difunittd from the figure, may not have any figni- fication. As in t ht Devife of the Dukebf Ferrara,«7tyf a'Trnvm, fo a& things, Thr^f words confidered apart from the figure, which reprcfenteth Pan< t c , fignifiejuft nothing. We muft alfo t a '< r heed, not to make any iftcntion of the figure in the words , as if in the body of a Devife there be the reprefen- tatlon «f a Mourtaine, in any cafe fpeak not ®f Mountaine in the Motto. The beft Mo? to'* are thofe which hive no verbe expreffed. Pro- vided the verbe be fuel* as may cafily be underflood,without equi- vdcation. Devifes are iiiadf to reprefent ouf fclves or fome othet Petfooj desre and confic?r:tgiibIe unto us for a Lady we love, for our Prince, or for fomc luch p-iT^-rulai peifonjthofe which are mtit for others ate more rare • h.>i | d3e not undc rftsnd it a making for another whcA ^dmt'^Devifetottipttionoi quality that requt (led it of me, fori doe \\wr' at give him the invention, and lend him my Is- hour ; For a Vevifi OiJght n©t to acknowledge any other Mtfter ot IS 2 ieai* jimes legitimate poffc{ftr,but thcpcrfon in whofe favour it isinvcnted. In Devtfes which we make for our felvf si, the author is figni- fytd , cither by the figure alone, or by the Motto alone, and fur- thermore out ohhe figure and Motto both, that is to fay,outof the whole Dtvife. He is reprefentrd by the figure, when he feigneth thefigU'Cto fpt-ake for him, by iaying fhat which he would fay, if he were in it its place j if thcrt be tuo figures, the Author is re- prrfvfnted by one alone,or by both, which is done more rarely. An Atuhor exprcfletb himfclf qna'ntly by tlicMotto^ whcnhe fcignesi' to peak,nGt tothrfigur , but to himf U or to the people, as in ibi , u lere therejsthe garden of Htjpertdes^ the golden topics, a'd u,e dragon dead b:fore the ^Iforc, with thcfe words, Yo Mbjor. Las Guardarb, IU gnardthem better :Yqi here he ipcakrs not to the figure, but of tai^ figure to himfclf,by the Motto; fojitimcs he declares himfelfeby (peaking to the fiaure of the Dcvife^n in that of the a Columnes alicadged before, EsTE Duces. When the Aathor himfelf is neither comprehended in th« Motto nor in the figure, we may then fappofe, that he is excluded thel>^t'>/^,andtna: he hr^ares another fpeaking to him, or giving himadvilf : As i.ithe Devije, where there is an arrow, which being direftlyinthe middle of the white, cleaves the pin with this Motto, B*^^' h©-, fhootthns. There be others, by which we can neither conceive whence norto whoffithe Author fpe^keth, whether within or without the Deyife ; But it (cemes that the whole Devifris indifferccitly addrcffcd either to the people, or to the Author,orto his MiftrefTe, or fomc other, IS f he Temple of ^«».» Z.?a»M,whofe Motto is JuNONi Lacinix. Bui the moll perfect Devifes avc tfo V, whofe bodies and foules aretakenas wtUforothcuty, and by way of advifc addreffeth himnelfcto others. Tms w^ fee that this Devife is very excellent in all her propertie!.,hiving a very recreative figure, a gentile Mot- to, an intention, whereof the morality is very profitable, and an admirable addreffc as well to the Author as to others. Wiifn jorucvtjes. When the Motto is taken out of feme approved or wel known Author, it requires the fewer words, provided the reft be eafieto divine at, as in the D^-z^//^, where thcra is a Tree, whereof one branch being cut oft', another bu.isferth, with this Motto, U n o A V u L $ o, one being fluckt of: which being taken out of Fir- gil, futficethforthcdcchritionri the figure, becaufe the reft of the Vcrfe, Non Deficit Altbb., another u not wanting, is eafily undeiftood. Sec here the moft part oiRu. cell's conceptions upon the fubjeft oiDevtfes, which I colleded out oi his Book, and have tranfla- ted with all poflible fidelity. Chap. XII. The fipinion (?/Scipi©ne Ammirato upon Devifes, WHofoever wotld compofe a work, that may haye'thc vcr- tueandefficacieofai)<^'«y^, ojafl: doe it in fuch fort , as the body may have a connexion with the foule, that is to fay, that the words may relate to the figure. This Author accords with ^/^y?tfi?j, that it importeth not of what language the words are, fo they be pleafaRt and acute ; nc- verthcl: (Te with FahIhs fovtM^he prcferres the Latine Tot^gue a- bove all others, as being that, which is moft generally knownc,and coiijmon to all Nations of the world : And for my owne particu- lar opinion, I think that thofe Mottoes are much more exquiftce, and better accept d, which are taken out ef fonae famous Ajthor, as Vi^g'lj Horace J CatuiuSj Ovidy Lucan , or others. And tis in that kind ot borrowing, wherein the Devifors dexterity and fub- tiiiiy beftappcarcs, when he diverts the fenfe of an ancient Au- thor, atid applyc s it properly to his owne intention. F'Tftiecounexionofthe Motto with the Figure , be confents with Rujcelliy that we muft take heed that the foule of the Devife doe not fcrvr^fimply to decipher the body, nor to explicate the Pidlure oncly, asif upon the Reprefentation of the City oi Venice, we fliould write this word V s n s t i a. It is beft then to conft- dcrtfcMottoofaD^'Z'//^, as the Major Propofition of a Syllo- gifme, and the Figure, as the Mi»or , from the con jundion of E 2 which. ■ KHles which, will refult the Co«c/«/»(7«, which is nothing clfe, but the meaning of the Author : So that the Motto cu^ht not to be the Interpreter of the Body, northit, the Interpreter of the Soule : onely tis n qQifite,that from the con jundion of the foule wit h the body, the Reader may draw the myfticalUcnfe, and difcov^r the intention of the Author, as by Hieroglyphicks involved in the two cflentiall parts of a Devife. He doth not defirewc ftiouldbefo fuperftitious obfervfrs of the Rules, ts to lofe the true and naturall fubftancc of the thing. He agrees in opinion with all the other Authors, that as the foul oftheD^f //bought to be conceived with choice, ftately and fignificant teroiesjfothe body ought to have I'ome fweet appa- rence,andto confiftofafigure, neither too coojon or abjecfl, nor yet too far fetcht or monftrous j Therefore we are not tu admit of any prodigious things nor unknowne beaf^s.kll wee make an ^^nigma inftead of a Devife : the Enigma hznr^ for the univerfa- lity of people, and not in particular for it fclf. For the admiration, which a Devife ought to beget in the mind ofthe Reader, doth not depend upon extra irdinury figures; but rather upon the connexion of the foule with the body, winch oughttobefeperately intelligible, in fo much as therefultorcom- pofition of the two things may produce a third, mixt with the one and the other. As for the cleernes, which RnfceHi r-^quires in a Devife . This Author faith, that, as the Comedy oughc to pleaf. both thee;^'?i and eares of the comon people, as well as of the learned .-So the Z)tfi//y*©ughtnot tobe fo much removed from th^ knowledge of the vulgar, but that it may give content to 4; jYet muft we take heed that we ufe not things too vile and abj\»'«»<«burnr, No s Aliam Ex Aliis, JVe feek.Another' fameelfeynherg. Inotonely call that contrary, which is direftly oppofitc to the nature ot any fubjed, as fweet to bitter , but alfo' every thing that is diiferenr, though it be not contrary , as in the precedent example. Some may be invented, by alluding to the proper names of perf0n$,for whom they are made, but certainly fuch are hard to be met with, info much, that fcr the mcft part, ^Rebw or fome idlefancieismadeinftcadof a good Devifi ^ which the Author thought to have falneupon: you may fee many fuch examples in PdfilHs Joviw. When we put fome figure in the body of a I>tft/»j/tf, which of it fcUe is not {ufficienily ftgnificative,wfl may addethe name,as up- on the Trontifpiece of the Temple of /'»»oX<«f/«j^, wc may put this Motto, JuNONi Lacinix, upon that of mount Sionx\!i\% other, Mo n s Sign: fo likewife upon the Temple of //<>»p»r, and others. But if thefe Mottoes (which are not of the body of the D(vife) doe not plcafe, we may diftinguifh the Temples (whicharethe hardeft figures to know) by theinaageofihatged or goddefle to whom they are dedicated : And if wc feare to over- cfcar^/j or perplex the body of the Devife with the portraiiffs of DfitirSy we may decipher them, by the chara(fters which are at- tributed , or by fuch creatures as were anciently facrificed unto thfii/i. Thus we know the Temple of fanns by the kejfes, that of fufittr by an jErfjj/^,and that oiSatHrne by a Sythe^ And this is the onely meanes, that I approve for the diftindlion of Temples j As for the infcrlption of the proper name,thi$ ufage was not allowable, but in thofe times when painting was yet ?o groge, that the figures of Anioaals needed the name^f the kind to - __- - be Rules beknoWneby,asi$yettobefeeneupon fomc oldTapeflriessnd Pidurcs. When we ufe a Motto without a Figure, wc ought not to cull it thefouleofaDri'j/^, but rather a facetious conceipt, a witty faying, a Proverb, a Sentence j as thofe pretty conccipts, didions or fcntences, which H/;7/><«rc/?«/, the fcven Wife men of Greece, and many other Moiall Philofuphers hare deli? ercd. In liUe man- ner may we make a Pifture without a Motto, as a Venus with {hackles at her feet, a 7»/'*f''' with three eyes, ^Janw with two faces, and fuch like C^prkhfo's, however fignirying fomething j in which cafe we doe not fay we have made a body without a foul, but rather a pidlure, a phanfie, or fuch like thing. Of neceflity the Devife mud have one part cleere, and the other obfcure, fo that it be without contr.didion : For as in Poetry, cfpecially Comicall, which is intended for all forts of people, the greater part of the Auditors doe eafily J adge it to be Verfe , and not Profe ; They know very well the found and cadence of Rythmes, and the fenfeoffome parts of the Poeme, which plea- fcth them moft : But as for the conceited imaginations of the Poct,the high-towring conceptions of his fancy, the deficription of paffions, the force of rea(oning , the choice of tcrmes, and the fubtility of elocution : thefearenot difcovered, but onely to the eyes and eares of the more learned Oiators, and Poets acquainted withthatkindofD amaiicU Poeme. In like manner the Author ofaDff»yifeGithe Academicks, called Re^tovati/isyQt more rigorous, in not admitting of any part of humane body, nor hands, nor armes, nor heart,but furely that istoo great afcruple:For what grace can a hammer ftriking upon an Anvile have,unkffe a hand be beftow- ed upon it? And how can we reprefent the windsf which ferve for bodies of very excellent Devifes)iisnt be not permitted to adde a head to them Pit were indeed to incur a great inconvenience,wher- in a czTtnnPeiant vaunting a skil in thatMyftery,as being profef- forof the 2 beft languages in the world,and reputed to havefo pro- digious a memory, that it confumed all his judgement, as the Epi- taph doth witnefle, which is already prepared for him before his death. This univerfall Doftor then,caufing a Devife to be drawn by an excellent Limmer (who underftood as little the art of ma- king them,as theend wherto they tended jdifcovered unto him his intent to have the body ofa Devife drawn,wherof the Motto was, Qqo Flante Corus cant, &thefigure was burning coal? upon a Chafing-difh : And becaufe it wanted the blowing of wind, (for the expreffion of which he was much troubled) the Painter propofedthe adding ofa little face, as it is ufuall in fuch cafes, Apage, ApagCj faid this great Devifor^ I will have no hu- mane face j the Artificer in a merry and joviall humour, anf wered him fmilingly. Sir, I know^ no way more fit to reprefent your IF 2 in-- Rules intention, unU(reyou apply unto it, the other partof the body that hath no face, and ytt makes wind j At Lift he concluded to fetapaire of bellowes untoit. Is notthat(I pray J a figure of a goodly apparence and proportionate to a gallant and magnani- raousdefignc? norisitforthat thcfc figures have no relation one with another, nor are derived from the fame art of Kitchinry, (\vcll knownetothe Vniverfities.) I give you this example, to let you fec-,that that man is oft-times deluded that ufeth too much fubtiltyjAnd this paflage is the more credible, in regard I had it from the fell fame Artificer, who telling meotit,did then com- plaine,that the Docftor had not to that day paid him for his labour, according to his promifc. I had not mentioned this conceit, if the fubjed: we handle had not engaged me to it. I could reheaife aprank, noleflcunjuft, then the other ridiculous, but that I have already infinuated it under the title o'iKufcel^i's opinions, concern- ing the condition that ought to be obfervedin appropriating to ones feU the Devife of another Author: It is there where I have made mention of the/) ^■z^*/^, which my late \J[\c\t Robert Eftien- ne did invent in honour of the Duke of Kofn^^ fince Duke c^SmHj, grand Mafterofthe Artillery, by whom hee had the honour to be b. loved, it was then received with fo generall apphufe, thatit was judged worthy to be eternized in Gold and bralTe, and to fay truth, it was ftamptd upon all the Ordnance that were caft at that timeinthe Arcenall, cmbroydred upon the Officers Cafibcksjand upon the ornaments of the fhops of Artillery : It isnof pofTible therefore thatthisnew Dft'i/i'rfhould be ignorant as well of the naaieofihe firft Mafter, asof thecomonufeof this Devife jhow everbydiflemblirgit, hedid appropriate to himfclf the invention of it, and was fobold, as to give it as an eriginall, wholly and without alteranon, to another Lord that had th;; fame co.rimand among the great Officers of that Crowne, and who in that King- dome held the place of itsrightfuUpofTflor. Motto'i are abfolutely neceffary insi Deviff, though fome Au- thors have held the contrary, for according to their opinion the Devife being a kind of Metaphor(which is in a trtaner nothing elfe but a Compirifon) it needs but one fubjed clanged into another ; But thcfe Authors arc deceived in this point, fmce the figure of an Animal, plant, or fuch like fubjeft, is of itlelf indifferent to the fignification of the particular qualities that the thing reprefented fcr vcvtjes, may have j In fo much that it ought to be determined by the Mot- to, to fome one of its qualities, that is to fay, to that, v/hichthe Author intends to attribute to the ptrfon, of whom hee makes the Devife. From thence it commeth that the greateft confufionot difficul'yin underftanding fome Devifes arifethfrom the bodies being altogether naked and dcftitute of words, which ftiould diftingui{h their different proprieties , whence the concepti- on , fancy and invention of another may be juftly for- med. Chap. XIIII. The PrhcipaH Caufes compejing a Devife, A Devife (as a fubjeft compoftd of a body and a foule) ought to have his eflentiall caufes : the materiall is no other, but the figure of the bodies, or the inftrument j of thofc things, which are inferred in the Devife, The formtll caufe, which gives it life^ is is the refemblance or comparifon, which (to exprcfle the Authors meaning^ oc- curres in the natuarll or artificial! properties of the figure. The finall caufe, is the Signification or Comparifon underftood, by meanes whereof wc expreffe more cleerly, with more efficacy and livelincffe, a rare and particular conception of wit. Bat here we muft obferve, that thefe termes oiSingnlcr and rare are due to the definition oi Devife, for as much as a P^'z///^ ought not to be madeufeof fortheexpreflion oftriviall or vulgar fancies, the in- vention being onely to declare vertuous thoughts or heroicill de- fignes with grace and fubtility ; And it is to the end that this kind ©f conceptions may be held worthy to fpring and grow in gene- rous fouls by the power and efficacie -whichDevifes have to raviOi and excite the moft noble fpirit?, which way foever they compre- hend them ; and with fo much the more eafe , by how much they fhall difcover the rarity and gentilkffe of the Devife in the conception. The efficient caufe,is the wit or underftaDding.difpofsd to know the relations, fimiiitudes and conformities which meet in the things figured 3 there being nothing in this world, but hath a con- F3 '..' formity^ Rmes brmity, refecnblance or relation, with other, thougfi the fubj c<*t$ be more or leffc unlike. It is not needfullto produce any other rcafon For the formall caufeof aD«fi/tf .-becaufe we doc not fiy that the Motto is the torme, nor have we call'd it the Soule,as Paulus Jovius and others have done jS«eing that as the proper and lubftantiali forme of a livin^Creature isthc Soul, and not the breathjor tone oFthc voice, which he uttereth in token of his inward meaning, and to exprt fle his affedionsor paffions:Sois it very certaine that the rcfem^ blance or comparifon is the forme of a Devife^ and by confc- quence its life and foule. And the Motto is but as the breath, or tone of the voice, which dechres the nature and propriety of the thing, whence the comparifon is taken. Therefore we may (ay that the motto (added to thefe foure caufes^ is the Inftrumen- tall caufe, which is made ufe of, todifcover (by vertue oftiie words J the proper quality of the figure, and by difcovering ic to diflinguifh the other qualities, that have their being in it; Info much as the Motto (confidered alone by it felft) by no means makesaDirz'J/ir, asthe Commentatour Vi'pori 'fovins would have it, who holds that a Dtft/^/ir mayb^ framed or a Motto without a body, and of a body without a Motto. The end o^dLBevife (according to Ammiratd ,Contile^ArHigi9y among the Acaderoicks o'tBrefce, Jthan^Afteire Palazzi,the BoU- »ivemuft have a care not to ufe them as (imply as the Egyptians did, forafmuch as from ihofe fignifi- cations of things, which are not proper or naturall, wee cannot draw any true (icnilitude or comparifon; befide$,they difcover not any intention or cnterprife that they had, but onely fomething al- ready done, as by the figure of a Hat, they would fhew, that they had enfnnchifed a flave,or fome other perfon, for a reward: Even fo by giving of an Oaken Crowne to a Soldier, they fignificd that he had favwd the life of a Citizen . Moreover, the greateft part of thefe Hit roglyphicks are grounded upon the ancient Cuftomes and Ceremonies oftheir Religion, which is now CGod be than- ked) altogether abolifhed by the light of faith,or is at leaft known at this time, but to fome few perfons, whereas a Devife ought to beunderflood by many. I admit thatfubjedls taken from Hiero- glyphicks,and confidered according to their nature,and not accor- ding to the inftitution of men, are proper for Devijes, As if you confider a hat, as it is an inftrument invented to keep ofFthe funne andraine^you confider it purely according to its nature j but if you take it for a figure of liberty, you fuppofe then that either God or. man have already impofed this (ignification upon it. Hence it commeth,that to arrive^ with our Author) to the petfedion of Devifes fZnd toexprcffe the conceptions of our mind, there is nc- tliing fo proper, fo gentile, fo powerfuUj nor fo fpirituall, as thofe (imihtudesandrelationSjWhtch we difcover, walking in thefpa- cious fields of the wonderiuilfecrcts of nature, and qualities of tbinil$jtS?ia)fn nf thenrfvnfr^tf /^cnfr>Mrinf<» nfinnc tn finAti\^ri'ir\ p Kuies the correfpondencie of qualities naturall , and ufage of things ar- tincialljVvith your own thoughts J and herein confifteth as vvcilall thegraceofa Z)^t///Jr,asthe skill of him that makes it. Chap. XV. OfReverfes of Medalls ^and the difference htrvetn them ^Devifes, IN the Reverfes of Medalls , we may make ufe oF Hierogly- phicks,Fables,HiftorieSjand Cuftomes of the Ancients, becaufe Medalls are only made to eternize, by the means of the metals of Gold, Silver, braffe and copper, the memory of the fecroickAris of Emperors, Kings, Commonwealths, States, and fuch illuftru- ous and praifc- worthy perfonSjas well by their own vertue, as by theemincncfc oftheir quality j Therefore I am of opiRion, that fome of thofc things may be permitted in the Devifes of Coines or ftampes, which have a great affinity with Medals, and wherein we ought not to be fo fcrupulous, as in other Devifes, norfo much fubje (flour felves to the rules of the Italians, who have not written of the Devifes of Stampes or Counters, the ufe whereof is el fe where leffe knowne then in France : And tis perhaps for that reafon that my deceafed \Jt\c\t Robert j?/ff««^ (whoin histime was much eftcemed for the invention of Devifes) was not al- waies fo ftrift an obferver oftheir rules. And yet for the Rcverfe of Medalh, inrejeding the Fable and fome other inventions of the Ancients, we may make afeofthe things themfclves, and there is no doubt, but they would fucceed far better. A Devife differs from a Medall or Reverfc, in this, that the De- z'ffe is a declaration of the thoughts by way of Comparifon , taken from the propriety of naturall or artificial! things j whereas a Rc- verfe is generally, but a memeriall cf things which are done and paft, evidenced by figures, which fimply reprefentthefad,though there be fome, which difcover the quality of the wit : Befides,the Devife is to demonRrate a rare and particular intent, not yet effcfted ; But the Reverfe is to preferve the memory of fome hi- roick ad atcheived by him, whofe pidure is on the other fide: So that the Devife regards onely the future, and the Reverfe the time part. And againe, a perfed Devife ought not to admit any di- vine or humane figure, be it fiditious or fabulous, but in Reverfes both the one and the other may be received according to ancient ^..n. TXTL Cr.^ T7 I X' \Q\a.\\civ.m c(t:aii\J m ycpu^ j^i^iahn-i colas. J^cm iza^iozu' c^ticni^^f'ze^ t teaus. i^ ^j^^mam uvtcntiAm acccMA (S^ ihil mocj 111 naiura mca j? ijiicnm inucrcTCuncIiatTU «y>/on coclem mod^ hPulicc ei ^Cf^ vellua caucndwm en ^rv "'^ ucn iPOmtJ ociorc'^rctj^uahht^i Laiicii nohnn e(?.quam inijc4'a jil Lruicmn condil - d I (J d *=:^ A/thil mehiibc Aao. auo minuj pcUcm,acrPo ito Impcno. priimhi hdo -vmcrc . '* ^z'//£r which my deceafed Uncle made, after the late King Hf»r^ the Great of -fr-^wr?, had reduced the Duke of Savoy to reafon : The Duke (who thought he had laid held of a good opportunity to qiisrrell with the faid King du- ring the troubles of France^ thereby to poffcfle himlelfe of the Marquifate of Saiujfes) caufed Coynes or money to beftsmped, where there was a Centfiure trampling a Crowne Royall under hisfect, with this word, Opportbne, but foone after, that invincible Monarch made him repent himfclfe of his enterprize, and derided his foolish prefumptionj when he poured his Porces into his Country, and in an inftant (forcing all his Townes)made himfelfe Mafter of the whole Province, and conftrained the Duke tohaverccourfeto his mercy. After that glorious vi<5lory,to coun- ter-ballancetheZ)^z'/ytfof theDuke, my Uncle invented this for • the ftampsofthe King about the yeare i^oi. whereon we might fee a Hercules fubduing a Cenraure, with this word, Op p o R- T UN I u s : And truly thiskind of encountring of Devifesis handfome ,and I beleere ^^r^^i^/* himfelfe would approve it, foE the differences that follow, theyjmay eafily be admitted in the Dj, when they are rightly applyed, and fothat the Temples be eafily knowne of themfelves, without need of bearing their names infcribed. Contrary to the opinion oi Ammir Mo ^nd Contile, BargagU would neither have Dtfi/iy?^ drawn from Hiftory, Events, nor Fa- ble : And FrafiagUto concurs with Centile, (o that the applicati- on be made by comparifon or (imilitude, and that the Hiftory, Event or Fable be g^nerallw knowne. See BargagU's Kw fons. ' jiuies AsformeCfaitb hej lean neither approve of the Fable,Evdnts, nor Hiftory ; I cannot beleeve that another mans fanciecan be pejfcdly cxprcfTed by the proofe oF a particular adion, which perhaps hath never happened above once ; Therefore I hold, that he muft draw it from things univerfall of their owne nature^ and from Arts, which are daily ren-wed, and which continue, even till they become iramortali. Rhetoricians hold, that that proofe which is made by examples, is a very weak argument, as procee- ding from particalar things ; whereas the Indudlon (which is but a coUedion, or heap of many like particulars) becomes as an univerfall nature, whereof the power is greater, and the grace morecenfpicuous. In matter alfo of Z>^z'ify^J, who are obliged to be fttid obfervtrs of the truth. Here we muft alfo obfcrve, that it is lawful! to ufe the propriety of amturallfubj^dljbeitanimaljplant, fruit, cr other thing, ac- cording to the generall approbation or received opinion of ancient AuthorSjthough the Modernes have lately difcovered it to be falfe, becauCe the comparifon which is groanded upon a quality ,reputcd true by the generality, though indeed it be falfe, fhail be more uni- verfally received, and better underftood, then if it were grounded upon a true property, which ngverthelefifc were held falfe, and which were altogether unknowne to the greater part of the lear- ned. Thus the holy Fathers did ufe the comparifon of the Phenix to prove the Refurredion of ]efus Chrift. We may alfo appropri- ate to this fenfe, the quality of the Beare, who (according to the generall opinion) brings forth her young ones like a lump of flefh, without forme ordiftindionofmembers.untill with long licking, fhe renders them perftfl and poli(hed ; though Johannes Bodinw hath lately proved the contrary in his Hiftoricall Treatife. But for all that, it is not lawfnll to make ufe of it, according to the known truth, v/ithout citing the Author. All that wc have now faid touching figures, borrowed from Nat ure, ought alfo to be undeiftood of thofe which are taken from Art; And we muft take heed never to alter the proper afe of in- ftruments, nor of fuch like things j As he that for a Devife caufed a yoke to be reprefented with this word S u a v h . For although Jefus Chrirt faid, that his yoke was fwect , Jugum Meum Suave, it doth not follow that the yoke fignifies Empire or command.nnlefleitbeinaParabolicall fcnfe, as that which our Stviourthenufed,andwhereoftheufageismuch different from a Vevife^ for that this Comparifon is taken, contrary to the pro- priety of that inflrument, for no bead that hath born the yoke did everfinde it fweet , but rather fo^yre, troublefome and ponde- rous. As for the manner of drawing Comparifons from Arts, to tiie endtomakeanimpreffion or tryall of fome conception of our wit, we ought to rake the fimilitude from fubjefts, by drawingit, roT from the accidents or dcftds which are in them, but rather for Devifes* from the eflfentiall quality, which puts them alwaies in ufe, or by which thc3'receive moft conimendation:we muftalfo have- acarc^ if there be fundry figures oFArtj that they relate to each other, and tend to the fame end. We rauft not onely avoid the ufing of a figure againft its owne nature, as the Bat looking fteadily upan theSunne, but alfothe attributing unto the figure any quality, but what is proper unto it, though by chance it may fometimesfo happen,and feem probable. Neverthekffe we may draw comparifonsfrom qualities, which are accidental! to naturall fubjeds, fo that they difcover them- felves by a like naturall, ordinary and known way,as the talking or prating of a Parrot, who ftrives tofpeak in imitation of man, which property is but an accident, whereof neverthelcfle we may makeufein Dtff^yj?j-,asofaknowne andtruething. Thelikeis to be practiced in making ufeofinftruments, infuch fort as al- waies to have regard to their proper ufe •• And tis againft this Ma- xime that Contile hath erred, who infcrted a Ship arrived in a ha- ven between Rocks with this Motto, La bo re Et Vir- TQTE, confidering the Ship, not having power tocome to the haven of herfelf]^ needed fome other meanes to conduft her thi- ther. For the cleerneffeofthe Comparifon, as the Mataphors ought net to be taken from things too much removed^ or which are lefle preceptible, then the fubjeA which we would have to be made knownc by them *. So the Comparifons ought to bs dra wne from things that are cleere and intelligible, beciufe the Devife is onely invented to difcover & explicate the intention of the Author,or of him for whem it is made, in the beft «nd moft efficacious manner that may be. Moreover,it is to be noted, that thofe things arefomtimes ufed, which have no correfpondence with the conceptions of the mind, as if we had a defigne to expreffe the care and aftedlion that a Gal- lant Captain (hould have for the fafetyand confervation of his Prince a Turtle dove would be figured, becaqfe naturall love obli- geth that bird never to part from her company. A gentleman that would teftify that he could not live, without being con/oyned to a Lady whom he fued in the way of marriage, made ufe in hUsDe- vife of a Snake, with this Motto, Aut Jungi Aut Mori, Ecifhertohjoj/ncdordie, becaufe the nature of that Serpent is to Rmes an accident, it is nevetthelcffe expedient to know , that for the perfedion ©fa Devife, more then three figures mult not be infer- ted, unlefle all of them relate to one and the hvotjpecies^ and be of the fame nature and quality ; fuch is that Dcvije where we fee an Elephant and a flock of fheep, with this Motto, Infestus iNFESTlSji. e. offenfive t& the of ending : For as much as all the individuals which make up the flack are onely infertedto fliew the proper nature ol the whole Species, and to expreflethe mturalhimplicity of that creature. See here my particular opini- on againft that ot ^«tr^4^/i, who doth not regard the number of figures, fothey have lome relation to each other, and fcrve to the corrparifon : He holds alfo, that thzt Devife (whereof the body is compofed of three figures, neceflary to the comparifon) hath a better apparence,then that where there is oncIy one ; bcfides that,- it is more difficult to appropriate the quality ofdiv.rs bodies to one onely foule,thcn to animate one fole body by one Motto. BargaglirejeAi the opinion ofthofe, who would have the bo- dyGfaZ)f't///^nottobeothctwife nprefcnted then in black and white, and laith, that this pradice is no where admittablc , but in Deferts, where we can neither find colours, nor workman of ability to draw them otherv/ife ; therefore this Author allowes of all forts of colours in Devifes. As for my part,I fhouldbeof his opinion, as to thofeD^z/»/