FnoijWD&gRffi 
 
 '7yk^(ujy 
 
y'; -71 
 
ONE THOUSAND SECRETS 
 
 OF 
 
 RICH AND WISE MEN 
 
 REVEALED 
 
 BY 
 
 C. A. BOGARDUS 
 Champion Quick Shot of the World, Aurora, Ills. 
 
 PRICE $1.50 
 
 ooptrighted 1898 
 Bt C. a. BOGARDD*. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Agesilaus, king of Sparta, being asked what things h„ 
 thought most proper ior fioys io /earn, replied: "Those things 
 which they should //'a^//r<? when they become wf«." His 
 reply was in perfect harmony with the good judgment of 
 mankind, and cannot fail to be appreciated by all who have 
 good common sense. If Agesilaus lived at the present 
 time, the question would most probably have included both 
 hoys and girls, and undoubtedly his reply would be so 
 worded as to apply to men and women. 
 
 Mankind, especially of the United States, has two great 
 duties. First, that of self-support and education. Second, 
 that of governmental support and national enlightenment. 
 While I have thus divided man's responsibility in two parts, 
 it might not be improper to obliviate the dividing line and 
 say that man's duties are all under one comprehensive head 
 viz.: " Mankind's duty is to man," However, in the prep- 
 aration of this volume the dividing line is recognized andt 
 two general departments are presented ; that of domestic 
 or household economy, and national or political economy. 
 The former department is a compilation of useful household 
 formulas so arranged and worded as to form a neat and con- 
 cise household receipt book. Frequent reference to its 
 pages will impart such information as will enable the reader 
 to save money and at the same time enjoy life. 
 
 Department number two treats on social questions that 
 are now knocking at humanity's intellectual threshold for 
 admission and solution. 
 
 Records show that less than one-thirtieth part of the time 
 of man in general is consumed in productive pursuits, yet 
 some people toil diligently three-fifths of their time and 
 receive only a scanty living. To assist in making clear the 
 road to private and national prosperity is therefore the 
 motive which actuates me in the publication of this book. 
 
 C. A. B. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Ctiaptar. Page. 
 
 I. Quick Shooting Records of C. A» Bogardus, - 5 
 
 II. Medical Department, 9 
 
 Accidents and Emergencies — What to Do, - 21 
 
 Poisons and Their Antidotes, - • - - 24 
 
 III. Ink Department, 26 
 
 IV. Cosmetic Department, 32 
 
 V. Farrier Department, 36 
 
 How to Tell the Age of Horses, Cattle, etc., - 41 
 
 VI. Chemical Department, 45 
 
 VII. Miscellaneous Department, - - - - . 53 
 What to Invent, and How to Protect Your 
 
 Invention, 78 
 
 Candy — Directions for Making all kinds rtf, - 83 
 VIII. Coin Department— Illustrated List and Tables 
 
 of Values of Rare Coins, - - - - 97 
 
 IX. Loisette's System of Memory, - - . - 108 
 
 Useful Tables of Mnemonics, ... - 112 
 
 Facts Worth Knowing, 123 
 
 Gems of Thought from Poor Richard's Almanac, etc., 135 
 
 Speeches of C. A. Bogardus, 149 
 
 Address Delivered at Farmington, Iowa, - - - 150 
 
 Speech at Decatur, Indiana, 156 
 
 Speech at Jacksonville, 111., 167 
 
CHAPTER I. 
 
 QUICK SHOOTING RECORDS. 
 
 From the time I was twelve years old I was considered 
 a very fine shot with a rifle, although I did but very little 
 shooting, and, in fact, for years did not know that I was any 
 more than a common marksman ; yet in any contests while 
 a boy I always won. 
 
 One day in June, 1884, while passing a shooting gallery, 
 my friends called me in for a match to pay for shots : I 
 beat them all shooting, my score was 11 consecutive bulls 
 eyes, while none of my friends had made half that score. 
 The boys said I did well, to which I jestingly remarked that 
 "that was common shooting for me, just throw up an ap- 
 ple and 1 will hit it." The apple was thrown up, and I hit 
 it, which was as much of a surprise to me as it was to any of 
 the rest. I then borrowed a 22 calibre Stevens rifle and 
 practiced shooting at objects thrown in the air, first shooting 
 at tomato cans, afterwards at smaller objects, and finally at 
 marbles and various other small objects. By practicing 
 half an hour a day, within a month I could hit 70 per cent of 
 the glass balls which were thrown in the air. On July 4, 
 1884, I shot a match with James Robinson, at Pratt, Kansas; 
 conditions, 10 glass balls each at 21 foot rise, he using a 
 shot gun, I a rifle ; I lost with a score of 4 to 6. This is the 
 only match I ever lost with a rifle against a shot gun. The 
 \rouble with me was, this being my first match I was think- 
 ing more about the stake money than the shooting. Besides 
 the stake money which I lost, I had to treat all the boys who 
 attended the match ; they all laughed and had a good time 
 at my expense. 
 
 The next day after my shoot with Robinson, I sent to 
 P. Power & Son, of Cincinnati, for a 32 calibre Wincheste/ 
 
6 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 repeating rifle. I continued practicing with the Winchester 
 for about six weeks, when I challenged G. W.Washburn of 
 Kingman, Kansas, to a match. (Mr. W. was at that time 
 champion of Kingman County.) He to use a shot gun at 
 glass balls from a Moler rotary trap, 21 yards rise, I to use a 
 32 calibre Winchester, balls from a straight trap, 10)4 yards 
 rise, 50 balls each. In the toss up I won and preferred to 
 shoot second. The score was a tie on 47 balls ; we shot 
 the tie off at 10 balls each ; again we tied on 10 balls 
 straight. The match was continued at 10 balls more each. 
 By this time things had become a little exciting. Over 
 $1500 was bet ; many were betting$4 to $1 against me, think- 
 ing that I would lose my nerve and go to missing. Mr. W. 
 walked to the score for the third time and broke 9 balls out 
 of 10 shot at ; it then came my turn to shoot, and I hit 
 nine balls in succession when I was interrupted by a big fel- 
 low who offered to bet $25 I would miss the 10th ball: this 
 bet was accepted, and it turned out that the fellow had just 
 spoken in time to lose his $25, for the 10th ball had not got 
 eight feet from the trap when I broke it. I won this match 
 with a score of 67 against 66 out of 70 balls shot at. I then 
 went to shooting at glass balls with rifle against a shot gun, 
 and in the past six years I have competed against 92 good 
 trap shots and have not lost a match. I will mention only 
 a few of them. In the Summer of '85, in Medicine Lodge, 
 Kansas, an expert shooter came over from Cold Water, 
 Kansas, to shoot with me. We had a match at target, dis- 
 tance 90 feet, with 22 calibre Stephens rifle ; he used globe 
 and peep sight, I used open sights. The score stood in my 
 favor 114 to 107 out of a possible 120, at a quarter inch bulls 
 eye. The next day we shot a match at 100 glass balls, he 
 using a shot gun, I a rifle. The score stood 99 to 94 in my 
 favor. I will mention a match which I had in Omaha, Ne- 
 braska, in August, 1886. There was nothing very striking 
 about this match because of fine shooting, I only mention it 
 to show how unfair people sometimes are toward strangers. 
 I have forgotten the man's name, but he was a barber work- 
 ing on 10th street ; he held a cliajaipion^p medal that he 
 
QUICK SnOOTINTi RECORDS. 7 
 
 had won in Dakota with a Winchester rifle at fflass balls. 
 He challenged me to shoot three matches: First, 100 glass 
 balls hanging still from the limb of a tree, fifty yards dis- 
 tance. Second match at 100 balls, 10 yards rise, thrown by 
 hand. Third match, each to shoot 100 glass balls laid on 
 the ground in a circle 200 feet in circumference, balls two 
 feet apart, shooter to stand in the center of the circle, the 
 one who broke the balls in the shortest time to win, but 
 neither of us was allowed more than 133 shots in which to 
 break the 100 balls. I had heard a good deal said of this 
 man, over Nebraska everywhere he was spoken of as a fine 
 shot, and in the first match I was really afraid of being 
 beaten, for I never had practiced a great amount at station- 
 ary targets, but on the whole I was not afraid, for the party 
 who won two out of the series of matches was to be declared 
 the winner. In the first match I broke 100 balls in 206 
 shots, while my opponent broke 82 in the same number of 
 shots ; this made me easy winner of the first match. In 
 the second match all kinds of tricks were resorted to, to beat 
 me. My opponent's friends tried to rattle me by offering 
 to bet that I would miss certain balls, but when they failed 
 in this, the party throwing the balls would first throw a ball 
 four feet high, then one 20 feet high, while my opponent's 
 were thrown uniformly. Notwithstanding the fact that I 
 was treated very unfair, the score stood a tie on 83 balls out 
 of 100. In the third match at 100 balls in shortest time, I 
 won easily, breaking the 100 balls In two minutes and three 
 seconds, shooting 127 shots, while r^v opponent broke 61 
 balls in 133 shots, time four minutes, forty-two seconds. In 
 Fort Smith, Arkansas, March 21, 1889, 1 shot on time at 100 
 glass balls against five men with shot gups, I using 32 cali- 
 bre Winchester rifle. I broke 100 balls ip ninety-five sec- 
 onds, while the five men broke 100 balls in three minutes 
 and two seconds. Ravena. Ohio, July 4, 18S>0. I broke 250 
 glass balls in four minutes and sixteen seco^^ls. At New- 
 ark, N. Y., July 4, 1891, I broke 81 glass b* s in seventy- 
 four seconds, 31 of which I broke in sixteen seconds, which 
 is far the best record ever made with a rifle. Ii? all of the 
 
8 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 matches I had assistants to load. I have hit 89 44 calibre 
 cartridge shells out of 50 thrown up, 67 22 calibre cartridge 
 shells out of 110 thrown up. The most difficult feat I ever 
 performed was hitting 7 balls thrown up at one time. This 
 I done at Shelby, Michigan, October 24, 1889, using a 44 
 calibre Winchester rifle loaded with shot cartridges. On 
 July 4, 1893, I hit 1000 wooden balls with 22 calibre Marlin 
 rifle in 17X minutes, which is 9.25 minutes quicker than the 
 feat has ever been accomplished by any other person. 
 
 In concluding this article, I will suggest to those learning 
 to shoot, that as a workman is known by the kind of tools he 
 uses, it is equally true of the marksmen. In order to do 
 good shooting a good gun must be used. As a repeating 
 rifle I have never seen the equal of the Marlin, model '92. 
 When the gun is kept in good repair, used with well loaded 
 cartridges, it is absolutely sure to repeat, a thing that I can- 
 not say of any other repeating rifle. Although others are 
 good, I consider the Marlin the best. 
 
 C. A. BOGARDUS, 
 
 Clmmpion Quick Shot of the World. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, 
 
 BOGARDUS' LINIMENT.— Take two ozs. Oil Cajeput. 
 one oz. Oil Spike, one oz Oil Sassafras, one oz. Oil Cloves, 
 one oz. Oil Organum, Yz oz. Oil Mustard, oneoz. Tine. Capsi- 
 cum, two ozs. Gum Camphor, one-half Gallon of Alcohol. 
 Use as other liniments for any ache or pain. For sore throat 
 or hoarseness, saturate a towel with the liniment, place it 
 over the mouth, let it remain so for 4 or 5 hours and you 
 will be cured. For croup, bathe throat and chest with the 
 liniment. Give X teaspoonful of liniment in one teaspoon- 
 ful of warm water every 5 to 10 minutes till relieved. Also, 
 let the child breathe the fumes of the liniment. I especially 
 recommend this liniment for general family use. 
 
 HEALING SALVE.— One lb. Lard, y^ lb. Resin, Y, lb. 
 Sweet Elder bark. Simmer over a slow fire 4 hours, or until 
 it forms a hard, brown salve. This is for the cure of cuts, 
 bruises, boils, old sores and all like ailments. Spread on a 
 cotton cloth and apply to the parts affected. 
 
 SPECIFIC INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATISM.— One 
 oz. Salt Petre, pulverized; one pint Sweet Oil. Bathe the 
 parts affected three times a day with this mixture and a 
 speedy cure will be the result. 
 
 ANOTHER SALVE.— One oz. Sheep's Tallow, Beeswax 
 one oz., y'i oz. Sweet Oil, 3^ oz. Red Lead, two ozs. Gum 
 Camphor. Fry all these together in a stone dish. Continue 
 to simmer for 4 hours. Spread on green basswood leaves 
 or paper and apply to the sore, 
 
 MAGNETIC OINTMENT.— One lb. Elder Bark, one 
 lb. Spikenard Root, one lb. Yellow Dock Root. Boil in two 
 gallons of water down to one, then press the strength out of 
 
10 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 the bark and roots and boil the liquid down to J^ gallon. 
 Add 81bs. of best Resin, one lb. Beeswax, and Tallow enough 
 to soften. Apply to the sores, etc., by spreading on linen 
 cloth. 
 
 OINTMENT STRAMONIUM.— One lb. Stramonium 
 Leaves, three lbs. Lard, Yz lb. Yellow Wax. Boil the Stra- 
 monium Leaves in the Lard until they become pliable, then 
 strain through linen. Lastly add the wax previously melted 
 and stir until they are cold. This is a useful anodyne appli- 
 cation in irritable ulcers, painful hemorrhoids, and in cutane- 
 ous eruptions. 
 
 CATHARTIC PILLS— One-half oz. extract Colacinth, 
 in powder, three drms. Jolop in powder, three drms. Cal- 
 omel, two scru. Gamboge in powder. Mix these together 
 and with water form into mass and roll into 180 pills. Dose, 
 one pill as a mild laxative, two in vigorous operations. Use 
 in all billions diseases when purges are necessary. 
 
 FOR HEARTBURN— LOZENGES.— One oz. Gum 
 Arabic, one oz. pulverized Licorice Root, X oz. Magnesia. 
 Add water to make into lozenges. Let dissolve in mouth 
 and swallow. 
 
 ANOTHER COUGH CURE— (GOOD).— Take the white 
 of an egg and pulverized sugar; beat to a froth. Take a 
 tablespoonful every hour for 3 or 4 hours. 
 
 TETTER OINTMENT —One oz. Spirits Turpentine, one 
 ounce Red Precipitate in powder, one oz. Burgundy Pitch 
 in powder, one lb. Hog's Lard. Melt all these ingredients 
 over a slcjw fire until the ointment is formed. Stir until 
 cold. Spread on a linen rag and apply to the parts affected, 
 
 A SURE CURE FOR PILES.— Confection of Senna, 
 two ozs , Cream of Tartar one oz., Sulphur one oz., Syrup of 
 Ginger enough to make a stiff paste; mix. A piece as large 
 as a nut is to be taken as often as necessary to keep the 
 bowels open. One of the best remedies known. 
 
 DIPHTHERIA. — Take a clean clay tobacco pipe, put a 
 live coal in it, then put common tar on the fire and smoke 
 il, jnnanng apd breatbiog back tbrougb the Dostrils. 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 11 
 
 FEVER AND AGUE.— Quinine one scru., Elixir Vitriol 
 one drm. Dissolve the Quinine in the Elixir and Tine, of 
 black Cohosh fourteen drops. Dose, 20 drops in a little 
 water once an hour. 
 
 CORNS— A SURE CURE AND PAINLESS ERADI- 
 CATION. — Extract of Cannabis Indif;us ten grs., Salicylic 
 Acid 6 grs., Colodin one oz. Mix and apply with a camel's 
 hair pencil so as to form a thick covering over the corn for 
 3 or 4 nights. Take a hut foot bath and the corn can easily 
 be removed with the aid of a knife. 
 
 MAGIC OIL.— One gallon Sweet Oil, two ozs. Oil Hem- 
 lock, two ozs. Oil Organum, two ozs. Chloroform, four ozs. 
 Spirits Ammonia. Mix. Let it stand 24 hours and it is 
 ready for use. Dose, internally, one teaspoonful for adults. 
 Bathe the affected parts well. This is a great remedy for 
 aches and pains, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, and all nervous 
 and inflammatory diseases. 
 
 CURE FOR SORE THROAT IN ALL ITS DIFFER- 
 ENT FORMS. — Two o/.s. Cayenne Pepper, one oz. common 
 salt, J^ pint of Vinegar. Warm over a slow fire and gargle 
 the throat and mouth every hour. Garlic and Onion poul- 
 tice applied to the outside. Castor Oil one spoonful to keep 
 the bowels open. 
 
 DROPS OF LIFE. — One oz. Gum Opium, one drm. Gum 
 Kino, forty grs. Gum Camphor, J^ oz. Nutmeg powdered, 
 one pt. French Brandy. Let stand from one to ten days. 
 Dose, from 30 to 40 drops for an adult; children, half doses. 
 This is one of the most valuable preparations in the Materia 
 Medica, and will in some dangerous hours, when all hope is 
 fled, and the system is racked with pain, be the soothing 
 balm which cures the most dangerous disease to which the 
 human body is liable — flux, dysentery and all summer com- 
 plaints. 
 
 CATARRH, POSITIVE CURE.— Carbolic Acid, ten to 
 twenty drops; Vaseline, one or tv/o ozs. Mix and use with 
 an atomizer 3 or 4 times per day. 
 
12 OKE thousand secrets REVfiALEt). 
 
 COUGH DROPS— Tine. Aconite 5 drops, Tine. Asclepias 
 one drm., Glycerine two ozs., Syrup of Wild Cherry. Mix 
 and take a teaspoonful every 40 minutes until relieved. 
 
 EYE WATER.— Table Salt and White Vitriol, each one 
 teaspoonful. Heat them on earthen dish until dry. Now 
 add them to soft water J^ pint. White Sugar one teaspoon- 
 ful. Blue Vitriol a piece as large as a common pea. Should 
 this be too strong add a little more water. Apply to the eye 
 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
 TO REMOVE TAPE WORM.— Let the patient miss 
 two meals. Give two teaspoonsful powdered Kamala. 
 Should the bowels not move within two and a half hours 
 give another teaspoonful of the Kamala. You may follow 
 this in two hours by from half to one oz. Castor Oil. This 
 is a positive cure for Tape Worm. It will not make the 
 patient sick. In buying the drug be sure and get Kamala, 
 not Camellea. Kamala is in appearance like quite redbrick 
 dust, and is nearly tasteless, whereas Camellea is of a yel- 
 lowish color. 
 
 A SURE CURE FOR SMALL POX.— A gentleman 
 contributes to the Chicago News the following as a sure and 
 never failing cure for small pox : One ounce Cream of Tar- 
 tar dissolved in pint of boiling water, to be drank when 
 cold at intervals. It can be taken at any time, and as a pre- 
 ventive as well as a curative. It is known to have cured in 
 thousands of cases without a failure. 
 
 TO STRENGTHEN AND INVIGORATE THE SYS- 
 TEM. — Two drms. Essential Salt of the Round Leaf Cor- 
 nel, one scru. Extract Rhubarb, one scru. Ginger Powder. 
 Make into pills, and take for a dose 2 or 3 twice a day. 
 
 GONORRHEA.— Balsam of Copabia one oz., Oil of Cu- 
 bebs two drms., Laudanum one dram. Mucilage of Gum 
 Arabic two ozs., Sweet Spirits Nitre half oz., Compound 
 Spirits Lavendar three drms., Camphor Water four ozs.. 
 White Sugar two drms., Oil of Partridge Berry five drops. 
 Mix. Dose, a tablespoonf ul 3 or 4 times a day. 
 
MEDICAL DEf'ARTMF.NT. 13 
 
 SURE CORN CURE.— One-half ounce Tincture of 
 Iodine, one-half ounce Chloride of Antimony, 12 grains 
 Iodide of Iron. Mix. Pare the corn with a sharp knife; 
 apply the lotion with a pencil brush. Put up in one ounce 
 bottles. Sell for 25 to 40 cents. This sells to everybody. 
 (See price of labels.) 
 
 N. B. — The law imposing stamp duty on medicines, 
 compounds, perfumes, cosmetics, etc., has been repealed. 
 
 RUSSIA SALVE.— Take equal parts of Yellow Wax and 
 Sweet Oil, melt slowly, carefully stirring; when cooling stir 
 in a small quantity of Glycerine. Good for all kinds of 
 wounds, etc. 
 
 PARADISE LINIMENT.— Take a gill of Alcohol, one- 
 fourth ounce Tincture Capsicum, one-half ounce Paradise 
 Seed, cracked, and put all together. For rheumatism, 
 sprains, lameness, etc. 
 
 COURT PLASTER. — This plaster is a kind of varnished 
 silk, and its manufacture is very easy. Bruise a sufficient 
 quantity of Isinglass, and let it soak in a little warm 
 water for twenty-four hours. Expose it to heat over the fire 
 until the greater part of the water is dissipated and sup- 
 ply its place by proof Spirits of Wine, which will combine 
 with the Isinglass. Strain the whole through a piece of 
 open linen, taking care that the consistency of the mix- 
 ture shall be such that when cool it may form a trem- 
 bling jelly. Extend a piece of black or flesh-colored 
 silk on a wooden frame, and fix it in that position by 
 means of tacks or twine. Then apply the Isinglass, after 
 it has been rendered liquid by a gentle heat, to the 
 silk with a brush of fine hair (badger's is the best.) As soon 
 as this coating is dried, which will not be long, apply a sec- 
 ond, and afterward, if the article is to be very superior, a 
 third. When the whole is dry, cover it with two or three 
 coatings of the Balsam of Peru. This is the genuine court 
 plaster. It is pliable and never breaks, which is far from 
 being the case with spurious articles sold under the same 
 name. 
 
14 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 A CERTAIN CURE FOR DRUNKENNESS.— Sul- 
 phate of Iron five grains, Magnesia ten grains, Peppermint 
 water eleven drachms, Spirits of Nutmeg one drachm, twice 
 a day. This preparation acts as a tonic and stimulant, and 
 so partially supplies the place of the accustomed liquor, 
 and prevents that absolute physical and mental prostration 
 that follows a sudden breaking off from the use of stimulat- 
 ing drinks. 
 
 FRENCH LUSTRAL.— Take Castor Oil three ozs.. Al- 
 cohol one and one-half ozs.. Ammonia one-sixteenth of an 
 oz., well shaken and mixed together; perfume to suit — Ber- 
 gamot or any other perfume. Splendid hair dressing. Three 
 ounce bottles, twenty-five cents. 
 
 LUNG MEDICINE.— Take Black Cohosh one-half oz., 
 Lobelia one-fourth oz.. Canker root three fourths oz.. Black- 
 berry Root H of an oz., Sarsaparilla one oz.. Pleurisy Root 
 one-half oz., steeped in three pints of water. Dose, one 
 tablespoonful three times a day, before eating. Sure cure 
 for spitting blood. 
 
 TOOTHACHE DROPS.— Four ounces pulverized Alum, 
 fourteen ozs. Sweet Spirits of Nitre. Put up up in one oz. 
 bottles. Retails readily at 25 cents per bottle. This is the 
 most effective remedy for toothache that was ever discov- 
 ered, and is a fortune to any one who will push its sale. It 
 sells at every house. 
 
 MAGNETIC TOOTHACHE DROPS.— Take equal 
 parts of Camphor, Sulphuric Ether, Ammonia, Laudanum, 
 Tincture of Cayenne, and one-eighth part Oil of Cloves. 
 Mix well together. Saturate with the liquid a small piece 
 of cotton, and apply to the cavity of the diseased tooth, and 
 the pain will cease immediately. Put up in long drachm 
 bottles. Retail at 25 cents. This is a very salable prepara- 
 tion, and affords a large profit to the manufacturer. 
 
 GREEN MOUNTAIN SALVE.— Take one pound Bees- 
 wax, one pound of soft Butter, and one and one-half pounds 
 soft Turpentine, twelve ounces Balsam Fir. Melt and 
 
MF.niCAI- DEPARTMENT. IS 
 
 Strain. Use to heal fresh wounds, burns, scakls and all had 
 sores. 
 
 WARTS AND CORNS— TO CURE IN TEN MIN- 
 UTES. — Take a small piece of Potash and let it stand in 
 the open air until it slacks, then thicken it to a paste with 
 pulverized Gum Arabic, which prevents it from spreading 
 where it is not wanted. 
 
 LINIMENT— GOOD SAMARITAN.— Take 98 per cent. 
 Alcohol two quarts, and add to it the following articles: 
 Oils of Sassafras, Hemlock, Spirits of Turpentine, Tincture 
 Cayenne, Catechu, Guaic (guac), and laudanum, of each one 
 ounce. Tincture of Myrrh four ounces, Oil of Organum two 
 ounces, Oil of Wintcrgreen one-half ounce. Gum Camphor 
 two ounces, and Chloroform one and one-half ounce. This 
 is one of the be.-t applicatif)ns for internal pains known. 
 It is superior to any other enumerated in this work. 
 
 PLAIN COURT PLASTER, that will not stick and 
 remains flexible : Soak Isinglass in a little warm water for 
 twenty-four hours, then evaporate nearly all the water by 
 gentle heat. Dissolve the residue with a little Proof Spirits 
 of Wine, and strain the whole through a piece of open linen. 
 The strained mass should be a stiff jelly when cool. Stitch 
 a piece of silk or sarcenet on a wooden frame with tacks or 
 thread. Melt the jelly and apply it to the silk thinly and 
 evenly with a badger hair brush. A second coating must 
 be applied after the first has dried. When the both are dry 
 apply over the whole surface two or three coatings of Bal- 
 sam of Peru. This plaster remains quite pliable, ana 
 never breaks. 
 
 A CURE FOR CANCER (AS USEt) BY A NEW 
 YORK PHYSICIAN WITH GREAT SUCCESS.)— Take 
 Red Oak Bark, and boil it to the thickness of molasses, then 
 mix with sheep's tallow of equal proportion. Spread it on 
 leaves of Linnwood green, and keep the plaster over ihe 
 ulcer. Change once in eight hours. 
 
 DAVIS' PAIN KILLER.— One quart proof Alcohol, one 
 drm. Chloroform, one oz. Oil Sassafras, one oz. Gum Cam 
 
16 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 phor, one drm. Spirits of Ammonia, two drms. Oil of Cayenne. 
 Mix well and let stand 24 hours before using. 
 
 AUGUST FLOWER.— Powdered Rhubarb one oz. Gold- 
 en Seal H oz., Aloes one dram.. Peppermint Leaves two 
 drms.. Carbonate of Potash two drms.. Capsicum five grs., 
 Sugar five ozs.. Alcohol three ozs., Water ten ozs., Essence 
 of Peppermint twenty drops. Powder the drugs and let 
 stand covered with Alcohol and Water, equal parts for seven 
 days. Filter and add through the filter enough diluted 
 Alcohol to make one pint. 
 
 BLOOD PURIFIER— B. B. B.— Fluid Extract Burdock 
 one oz., Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla one oz.. Fluid Extract 
 Yellow Dock one oz.. Fluid Extract Senna one oz., Syrup 
 eight ozs.. Alcohol two ozs. Mix. 
 
 BOSCHEE'S GERMAN SYRUP. — Wine of Tar two 
 ozs.. Fluid Extract Squills one oz., Tinct. Opium two drms., 
 Fluid Extract Sanguinarie two drms., Syrup of Sugar eight 
 ozs. Mix. 
 
 CENTAUR LINIMENT.— Oil Speke one oz., Oil Worm- 
 wood one oz., Oil Sassafras one oz., Oil organum one oz., 
 Oil Cinnamon one oz., Oil Cloves one drm., Oil Cedar one 
 drm., Sulphur, Ether one oz.. Aqua Ammonia one oz., 
 Tinct. Opium one oz., Alcohol one gal. Mix. This is an 
 excellent liniment and good whenever a liniment is needed. 
 
 CASTORIA. — Pumpkin seed one oz., Cenria Leaves one 
 oz., Rochelle Salts one oz., Anise Seed % oz.. Bi. Carb. 
 Soda one oz.. Worm Seed % oz. Mix and thoroughly rub 
 together in an earthen vessel, then put into a bottle and 
 pour over it four ozs. water and one oz. Alcohol, and let 
 stand four days, then strain oflf and add Syrup made of 
 White Sugar, quantity to make one pint, then add % oz. 
 Alcohol drops and five drops Wintergreen. Mix thoroughly 
 and add to the contents of the bottle and take as directed. 
 
 HARTER'S IRON TONIC — Calisaya Bark two ozs.. 
 Citrate of Iron two ozs , Gentian two ozs., Cardamon Seed 
 two ozs., Syrup two ozs , Alcohol two ozs., Water eight ozs. 
 Mix. 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENf. 17 
 
 HALL'S BALSAM FOR THE LUNGS.— Fluid Extract 
 Ipecac %. Qti., Fluid Extract Squills one oz., Chloroform \i 
 oz., Wine of Tar one oz., Tinct. Opium l-5th oz , Fluid 
 Extract of Mullen one oz., Syrup enough to make one pint. 
 
 GODFREY'S CORDIAL.— Tinct. Opium six ozs., Molas- 
 ses four pints. Alcohol eight ozs., Water six pints, Carbonate 
 Potash four drms., Oil Sassafras cut with Alcohol one drm. 
 Dissolve the Potash in water, add the Molasses ; heat over 
 a gentle fire till it simmers, remove the scum, add the other 
 ingredients, the oil dissolved in the Alcohol. 
 
 HALL'S HONEY OF HOURHOUND AND TAR.— 
 Wine of Tar one oz.. Fluid extract of Hourhound one oz , 
 Tinct. Opium one drm.. Syrup Orange Peel yi oz., Honey 
 three ozs., Syrup enough to make one pint. 
 
 HOODS SARSAPARILLA.— Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla 
 one oz., Fluid Extract Yellow Dock one oz., Fluid Extract 
 Poke Root^oz., Iodide of Potash Yt. oz.. Syrup Orange 
 Peel one oz., Alcohol four ozs., Syrup enough to make one 
 pint. 
 
 HAMLIN'S WIZARD OIL.— Oil Sassafras two ozs., Oil 
 Cedar one oz., Gum Camphor one oz., Sulph. Ether two 
 ozs., Chloroform two ozs.; Tinct- Capsicum one oz., Aqua 
 Ammonia two ozs , Oil Turpentine one oz., Tinct Quassia 
 three ozs., Alcohol half a gallon. Mix and you have a fine 
 liniment. 
 
 HOP BITTERS — Hops four ozs.. Orange Peel two ozs., 
 Cardamon two drms., Cinnamon one drm.. Cloves Yz drm., 
 Alcohol eight ozs., Sherry wine two pints, Simple Syrup one 
 pint. Water sufficient. Grind the drugs, macerate in the 
 Alcohol and Wine for one week, percolate and add enough 
 syrup and water to make one gallon. 
 
 HOSTETTER'S BITTERS.— Gentian Root (ground) %. 
 oz., Cinnamon Bark \^ oz., Cinchona Bark (ground) K oz.. 
 Anise Seed ].i oz., Coriander Seed (ground) li oz., Carda- 
 mon Seed Y^ oz.. Gum Kino % oz.. Alcohol one pint. Water 
 four quarts. Sugar one lb. Mix and let stand for one week, 
 pour off the fluid, boil the drug for a few minutes in oae 
 
18 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 quart of water, strain off and add first the fluid, and tlien the 
 sugar and water. 
 
 INJECTION BROU.— Water four ozs., Nitrare Silver 
 twenty grs., Tinct. Opium J-a oz., Sulph. Bismuth and 
 Hydratis two oz. Mix. 
 
 JAYNE'S EXPECTORANT. —Syrup Squills two ozs., 
 Tinct. Tolu one oz., Spirits Camphor one drm., Tinct. 
 Digitalis one drm., Tinct. Lobelia one drm,. Wine of 
 Ipecac two drms., Tinct. Opium two drms., Antimonia two 
 grains. Mix. 
 
 JAYNE'S TONIC VERMIFUGE. —Lsantonnie twenty 
 grs., Fluid Extract Pink Root three drms., P'luid Extract 
 Senna two drms.. Simple Elixir two ozs., Syrup two ozs. 
 Mix ; take tablespoonful night and morning. 
 
 MUSTANG LINIMENT. — Linseed Oil fourteen ozs., 
 Aqua Ammonia two ozs., Tinct. Capsicum }i oz.. Oil Orga- 
 num K oz.. Turpentine one oz., Oil Mustard )4. oz. Mix. 
 
 S. S. S. FLUID. — Extract Phytolacca one oz., Fluid 
 Extract Sarsaprilla one oz , Iodide Potash one oz.. Extract 
 Fluid Xanthoxylon yi oz.. CuHver's Root Fluid Extract 
 one oz., Acetate Potash one oz., Cinnamon Tinct. H oz., 
 Tinct. Cardamom Seed one oz., Alcohol four ozs., Sugar 
 3-2 lb.. Water thirty-six ozs. Mix. 
 
 SMITH'S TONIC SYRUP.— Fowler's Solution of Arsenic 
 two drms., Culiver's Root one oz.. Syrup Orange Peel four 
 ozs.. Simple Syrup twelve ozs. Mix. Then add Chinchonia 
 forty grains dissolved in Aromatic Sulph. Acid. Shake 
 to mix well. 
 
 SOZODONT FRAGRANT.— Tinct. Soap Bark two ozs., 
 Tinct. Myrrh one drm.. Glycerine }i oz., Water 1}^ oz.. 
 Essence Cloves ten drops, Essence Wintergreen ten drops, 
 Tinct. Cochineal enough to color Mix. Accompanying 
 the above is a powder composed of prepared Chalk, Orris 
 Root. Carbonate Magnesia, of each equal parts. Mix. 
 
 SHAKER'S CUTIVE SYRUP.— Fluid Extract Blue Flag 
 twenty drops. Fluid Extract Culiver's Root twenty drops. 
 Fluid Extract Stalinga twenty drops, Fluid Extract Voky 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 19 
 
 Root twenty drops, Fluid Extract Butternut twenty drops, 
 Fluid Extract Dandelion twenty drops, Fluid Extract Prince 
 Pine ten drops, Fluid Extract Mandrake five drops, Fluid 
 Extract Gentian five drops. Fluid Extract Calcium five 
 ilrops, Fluid Extract Black Cohoes thirty drops, Tinct. Aloe 
 thirty drops, Tinct Capsicum ten drops, Tinct. Sassafras 
 thirty drops, Borax one drm.. Salt ').( drm., Syrup three 
 ozs.. Water eight ozs. 
 
 AVER'S CHERRY PECTORAL.— Take four grains of 
 Acetate of Morphia, two fluid drachms of Tincture of Blood- 
 root, three fluid drachms each of antimonial Wine and 
 Wine of Ipecacuanha, and three fluid ounces Syrup of Wild 
 Cherry. Mix. 
 
 BROWN'S BRONCHIAL TROCHES.— Take one pound 
 pulverized extract of Licorice, one and one-half pounds 
 Pulverized Sugar, four ounces pulverized Cubebs, four 
 ounces pulverized Gum Arabic, and one ounce of pulver- 
 ized extract of Conium ; mix. 
 
 SUCCUS ALTERNS (McDADE'S).— Fluid Extract 
 Starlinga one oz.. Fluid Extract Sarsaparilla one oz.. Fluid 
 Extract Phytolacca Decandra ^ oz., P'luid Extract Lappa 
 Minor one oz., Fluid Extract Xanthoxylon )4 oz.. Syrup 
 fourteen ozs. Mix. Teaspoonful three times a day. 
 
 SEVEN SEALS OF GOLDEN WONDER.— Oil Caje- 
 put two drms., Oil Sassafras,^ oz.. Oil Organum one drm.. 
 Oil Hemlock one drm., Oil Cedar one drm., Tincture Cap- 
 sicum X oz., Alcohol enough to make one pint. 
 
 WAKEFIELD'S WINE BITTERS.— Cinchona Bark 
 four ozs.. Gentian Bark two ozs., Juniper Berries one oz., 
 Orange Peel one oz,. Lemon Peel fresh sliced X oz., Cal- 
 ifornia Port Wine four pints. Alcohol one pint. Water 
 three pints. Digest or let stand ten days, then filter and 
 add wine enough to preserve measure. 
 
 ST. JACOB'S OIL. — Camphor Gum one oz.. Chloral 
 Hydrate one oz.. Chloroform one oz.. Sulphate Ether oneoz., 
 Tinct. Opium (non-aqueous) ^ oz.. Oil Organum }4 oz., Oil 
 Sassafras )4 oz., Alcohol )4 gallon. Dissolve Gum Cam- 
 
20 OKE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 phor with Alcohol and then add the oil, then the othei 
 ingredients. 
 
 R. R. R. — Alcohol two pints, Oil Sassafras two ozs., Oil 
 Organum two ozs. Camphor Spirits Yz oz., Tinct. Opium 
 one oz., Chloroform one oz. Mix, 
 
 PISO'S CONSUMPTION CURE.— Tartar Emetic foui 
 grains, Tine. Tolu Yz oz., Sulphate Morphia four grains, 
 Fluid Extract Lobelia two drms., Chloroform one drm., 
 Fluid Extract Cannabis Indica two drms., Essence Spear^ 
 mint ten drops, Hot Water eight ozs., Sugar four ozs. Dis- 
 solve the Morphia and Tartar Emetic in hot water and add 
 the rest. 
 
 WARNER'S TIPPECANOE BITTERS.— Cardamon 
 Seed two ozs., Nutmeg one drm., Grains of Paradise one 
 drm., Cloves one oz., Cinnamon two ozs., Ginger one oz., 
 Orange Peel, one oz., Lemon Peel one oz.. Alcohol one 
 gallon. Water one gallon, Sugar three pounds. Mix and let 
 stand for six or seven days and filter. Then add enough 
 water to make four gallons, 
 
 WARNER'S SAFE CURE.— Take of Smart Weed four 
 pounds, boil for one hour with one gallon of soft water, add- 
 ing warm water to supply waste by evaporation ; then strain 
 off and add Acetate Potash four ozs., Sugar four pounds. 
 Boil again till sugar is dissolved, then add Alcohol eight 
 ozs., and flavor with Oil of Wintergreen cut with Alcohol. 
 
 WAKEFIELD'S BLACKBERRY BALSAM.— Black- 
 berries crushed two pounds. Boiling Water four ozs., 
 Sugar four ozs., Jamaica Ginger four grs., Alcohol two ozs. 
 Mix and add Syrup enough to make sixteen ozs. 
 
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 
 
 WHAT TO DO. 
 
 II an artery is cut, red blood spurts. Compress it above 
 the wound. If a vein is cut, dark blood flows. Compress i* 
 below and above. 
 
 If choked, go upon all fours and cough. 
 
 For slight burns, dip the part in cold water ; if the skin is 
 destroyed, cover with varnish or linseed oil. 
 
 For appoplexy, raise the head and body ; for fainting, lay 
 the person flat. 
 
 Send for a physician when a serious accident of any kind 
 occurs, but treat as directed until he arrives. 
 
 SCALDS AND BURNS.— The following facts cannot be 
 
 too firmly impressed on the mind of thr reader, that in either of these acci- 
 dents the firsts best and often the only remedies required, are sheets of 
 wadding, fine wool, or carded cotton, and in the default of these, violet 
 powder, flour, magnesia or chalk. The object for which' these several 
 articles are employed is the same in each instance; namely, to exclude the air 
 from injured part; for if the air can be effectually shut out from the raw sur- 
 face, and care is taken not to expose the tender part till the new cuticle is 
 formed, the cure may be sately left to nature. The moment a person is 
 called to a case of scald or burn, he should cover the part with a sheet, or 
 a portion of a sheet, of wadding, taking care not to break any blister that 
 may have formed, or stay to remove any burnt clothes that may adhere to 
 the surface, but as quickly as possible envelop every part of the injury 
 from all access of the air, laying one or two more pieces of wadding on 
 the first, so as to effectually guard the burn or scald from the irritation of 
 the atmosphere; and if the article used is wool or cotton, the same precau- 
 tion, of adding more material where the surface is thinly covered, must be 
 adopted; a light bandage finally securing all in their places. Any of the 
 popular remedies recommended below may be employed when neither 
 wool, cotton, nor wadding are to be procured, it being always remembered 
 that that article which will best exclude the air from a burn or scald is the 
 best, quickest, and least painful mode of treatment. And in this respect 
 nothing has surpassed cotton loose or attached to paper as in wadding. 
 
 If the Skin is Much Injured m burns, spread some linen 
 
 pretty thickly with chalk ointment, and lay over the part, and give the 
 patient some brandy and water if much exhausted; then send for a medi- 
 cal man. If not much injured, and very painful, use the same ointment, 
 or apply carded cotton dipped in lime water and linseed oil. If you please, 
 you may lay cloths dipped in ether over the parts, or cold lotions. Treat 
 scalds in same manner, or cover with scraped raw potato; but the chalk 
 ointment is the best. In the absence of all these, cover the injured part 
 with treacle, and dust over it plenty of flour. 
 
 BODY IN FLAMES.— Lay the person down on the floor 
 of the room, and throw the table cloth, rugi or other large cloth over him« 
 and roll him on the floor. 
 
22 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 DIRT IN THE EYE.— Place your forefinger upon the 
 
 chcek-hone, liaviTi^ the patient before you; then slightly bend the finger, 
 this will draw down the lower lid of the eye, and you will probably be able 
 to remove the dirt; but if this will not enable you to get at it, repeat this 
 operation while you have a netting- needle or bodkin placed overthe eye- 
 lid; this will turn it inside out, and enable you to remove the sand or eye- 
 lash, etc., with the corner of a fine silk handkerchief. As soon as the 
 substance is removed, bathe the eye with cold water, and exclude the light 
 for a day. If the inflammation is severe, let the patient use a refrigerant 
 lotion. 
 
 LIME IN THE EYE. — Syringe it well with warm vinegar 
 
 and water in the proportion of one ounce of vinegar to eight ounces of 
 water; exclude lifjtit. 
 
 IRON OR STEEL SPICUL^E IN THE EYE.— These 
 
 occur while turning iron or steel in a lathe, and are best remedied by doub- 
 ling back the upper or lower eyelid, according to the situation of the sub- 
 stance, and with the fiat edge of a silver probe, taking up the metallic 
 particle, using a lotion made by dissolving six grains of sugar of lead and 
 the same of white vitriol, in six ounces of water, and bathing the eye three 
 times a day till the inflammation subsides. Another plan is — Drop a solu- 
 tion of sulphate of copper (from one to three grains of the salt to one ounce 
 of water) into the eye, or keep the eye open in a wineglassful of the solu- 
 tion. Bathe with cold lotion, and exclude light to keep down inflam- 
 mation. 
 
 DISLOCATED THUMB.— This is frequently produced 
 
 by a fall. Make a clove hitch, by passing two loops of cord overthe thumb, 
 placing a piece of rag under the cord to prevent it cutting the thumb; then 
 pull in the same line as the thumb. Afterwards apply a cold lotion. 
 
 CUTS AND WOUNDS.— Clean cut wounds, whether 
 
 deep or superficial, and likely to heal by the first intention, should always 
 be washed or cleaned, and at once evenly and smoothly closed by bringing 
 both,edges close together, and securing them in that position by adhesive 
 plaster. Cut thin strips of sticking plaster, and bring the parts together; 
 or if large and deep, cut two broad pieces, so as to look like the teeth of a 
 comb, and place one on each side of the wound, which must be cleaned 
 previously. These pieces must be arranged so that they will interlace one 
 another; then, by laying hold of the pieces on the right side with one hand, 
 and those on the other side with the other hand, and pulling them from 
 one another, the edges of the wound are brought together withojitany 
 difficulty. 
 
 Ordinaiy Cuts are dressed by thin strips, applied by 
 pressing down the plaster on one side of the wound, and keeping it there 
 and pulling in the opposite direction; then suddenly depressing the hand 
 when the edges of the wound are brought together. 
 
 CONTUSIONS arc best healed by laying a piece of folded 
 
 lint, well welted with extract of lead, or boracic acid, on the part, and, if 
 there is much pain, placing a hot bran poultice over the dressing, repeat- 
 ing both, if necessary, every two hours. When the injuries are very 
 severe, lay a cloth over the part, and suspend a basin over it filled with cold 
 lotion. Put a piece of cotton into the baisin, so that it shall allow the 
 lotion to drop on the cloth, and thus keep it always wet. 
 
 HEMORRHAGE., when caused by an artery being 
 
 divided or torn, may be known by the blood issuing out ot the wound in 
 leaps or jerks, and being of a bright scarlet color. If a vein is injured, the 
 blood is darker and flows continuously. To arrest the latter, apply press- 
 ure by means of a compress and bandage. To arrest arterial bleeding, get 
 a piece of wood (part of a broom handle will do), and tie a piece of tape to 
 one end of it; then tie a piece of tape loosely over the arm. and oass the 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 23 
 
 other end of the wood under it; twist the stick round and round until the 
 tape compresses the arm sulticienily to arrest the bleeding, and then con- 
 tine the ottier end hv tyinK the strinjj around the arm. A compress 
 made by enfolding a penny piece in several folds of lint or linen should, 
 however, be tirst placed under the tape and over the artery. If the bleed- 
 injj IS very obstinate, and it occurs in the tirnt. place a cork underneath 
 the string, on the inside of the fleshy part, where the artery may be felt 
 beating by anyone, if in the ie^, place a cork in the direction of a line 
 drawn from the inner part of the Knee towards the outer part of the groin. 
 It is an excellent thing to accustom yourself lo find out the position of 
 these arteries, or, indeed, any that are superficial, and to explain to every 
 person in your house where they are, and how to stop bleeding". If a stick 
 cannot be got take a handkerchief, make a cord bandage of it, and tie a 
 knot in the middle; the knot acts as a compress, and should be placed over 
 the artery, while the two ends are to be tied around the thumb. Observe 
 always to flace the ligature bft-jueen the wound and the heart. Putting 
 your finger into a bleeding wound, and making pressure until a surgeon 
 arrives, will generally stop violent bleeding. 
 
 BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE, from whatever cause, 
 
 may generally be stopped by putting a plug of lint into the nostrils; if this 
 does not do, apply a cold lotion to the forehead; raise the head, and place 
 over it both arms, so that it will rest on the hands; dip the lint plug, slight- 
 ly moistened, into some powdered gum arable, and plug the nostrils again; 
 or dip the plug into equal parts of powdered gum arable and alum, and 
 plug the nose. Or the plug may be dipped in Friar's balsam, or tincture 
 of kino. Heat should be applied to the feet; and, in obstinate cases, the 
 sudden shock of a cold key, or cold water poured down the spine, will often 
 instantly 'Stop the bleeding. If the bowels are confined take a purgative. 
 Injections of alum solution from a small syringe into the nose will often 
 stop hemorrhage. 
 
 VIOLENT SHOCKS will sometimes stun a person, and 
 
 he will remain unconscious. Untie, strings, collars, etc.; loosen anything 
 that is tight, and interferes with the breathing: raise the head; see if there 
 is bleeding from any part; apply smelling-salts to the nose, and hot bottles 
 to the feet. 
 
 IN CONCUSSION, the surface of the body is cold and 
 
 pale, and the pulse weak and small, the breathing slow and gentle, 
 and the pupil of the eye generally contracted or small. You can get an 
 answer by speaking loud, so as to rouse the patient. Give a little brandy 
 and water, keep the place quiet, apply warmth, and do not raise the head 
 too high. If you tickle the feet, the patient feels it. 
 
 IN COMPRESSION OF THE BRAIN from any cause, 
 
 such as appoplexy, or a piece of 'ractured bone pressing on it, there is loss 
 of sensation. If you tickle the feel of the injured person he does not feel 
 it. You cannot arouse him so as to get an answer. The pulse is slow and 
 labored; the breathing deep, labored, and snorting;; the pupil enlarged 
 Raise the head, loosen strings or tight things, and send for a surgeon. If 
 one cannot be got at once, apply mustard poultices to the feet and thighs, 
 leeches to the temples, and hot water to the feet. 
 
 CHOKING. — When a person has a fish bone in the 
 
 throat, insert the forefinger, press upon the root of the tongue, so as to in- 
 duce vomiting; if this does not do, let him swallow a large piece of potato 
 or soft bread; and if these fail, give a mustard emetic. 
 
 FAINTING, HYSTERICS, ETC.— Loosen the trarments, 
 
 bathe the temples with water or eau-de-Cologne; open the window, admit 
 plenty of fresh air, dash cold water on the face, apply hot bricks to the 
 feet, ^'"' "-'»•'' hi>o(i«" and excessive sympathy. 
 
24 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 DROWNING.— Attend to the following essential rules. 
 
 I. Lose no time. i. Handle the body gently. 3. Carry the body fao^ 
 downwards, with the head g-ently raised, and never hold it up by the feet, 
 4, Send for medical assistance immediately, and in the meantime act a« 
 follows: s- Strip the body; rub it dry, then wrap it in hot blankets, and 
 place it in a warm bed in a warm room. 6. Cleanse away the froth and 
 mucous from the nose and mouth. 7. Apply warm bricks, bottles baRS of 
 sand, etc., to the arm pits, between the thighs, and to the soles of the feet. 
 8. Rub the surface of the body with the hands inclosed in warm, dry wor- 
 sted socks. 9. If possible, put the body into a warm bath. 10. To restore 
 breathing, put the pipe of a common bellows into one nostril, carefully 
 closing the other, and the mouth; at the same time drawing downwards, 
 and pushing gently baclrwards, the upper part of the windpipe, to allow a 
 more free admission of air; blow the bellows gently, in order to inflate tha 
 lungs, till the breast be raised a little; then set the mouth and nostrils free, 
 and press gently on the chest; repeat this until signs of life appear. The 
 body should be covered from the moment it is placed on the table, except 
 the face, and all the rubbing carried on under the sheet or blanket. When 
 they can be obtained, a number of tiles or bricks should be made tolerably 
 hot in the fire, laid in a row on the table, covered with a blanket, and the 
 body placed in such a manner on them that their heat may enter the spine. 
 When the patient revives, apply smelling-salts to the nose, give warm 
 wine or brandy and water. Cautions. — i. Never rub the body with salt or 
 spirits. 2. Never roll the body on casks. 3. Continue the remedies foi 
 twelve hours without ceasing. 
 
 HANGING. — Loosen the cord; or whatever it may be by 
 
 which the person has been suspended. Open the temporal artery or jug- 
 ular vein, or bleed from the arm; employ electricity, if at hand, and pro 
 ceed as for drowning, taking the additional precaution to apply eight o»- 
 ten leeches to the temples. 
 
 APPARENT DEATH FROM DRUNKENNESS-^ 
 
 Raise the head, loosen the clothes, maintain warmth of surface, and givn 
 a mustard emetic as soon as the person can swallow. 
 
 APOPLEXY AND FITS GENERALLY — Raise the 
 
 head; loosen all tight clothes, strings, etc.; apply cold lotions to the 
 head, which should be shaved; apply leeches to the temples, bleed, and 
 send for a surgeon. 
 
 SUFFOCATION PROM NOXIOUS GASES, ETC.— 
 
 Remove to the fresh air; dash cold vinegar and water in the face, neck, 
 and breast; keep up the warmth of the body; if necessary, apply mus- 
 tard poultices to the soles of the feet and to the spine, and try artificial 
 respirations as in drowning, with electricity. 
 
 LIGHTNING AND SUNSTROKE— Treat the same as 
 apoplexy. 
 
 POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES. 
 
 Always send immediately for a medical man. Save all 
 fluids vomited, and articles of food, cups, glasses, etc., used 
 by the patient before taken ill, and lock them up. 
 
 As a rule give emetics after poisons that cause sleepiness 
 and raving; — chalk, milk, eggs, butter, and warm water, or 
 oil, after poisons that cause vomiting and pain in the stomach 
 and bowels, with purging; and when there is no inflamma- 
 tion about the throat, tickle it with a feather to excite vom' 
 
MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 25 
 
 Vomiting may be caused by giving warm water, with a 
 teaspoonful of mustard to the tumblerful, well stirred up. 
 Sulphate of zinc (white vitriol) may be used in place of the 
 mustard, or powdered alum. Powder of ipecacuanha, a 
 teaspoonful rubl)cd up with molasses, may be employed 
 for cliildren. Tartar emetic sliould ne^'cr he frivcJi, as it is 
 excessively depressing, and uncontrolable m its effects. 
 The stomach pump can only be used by skillful hands, and 
 even then with caution. 
 
 Opium and other Narcotics — After vomitinfr has occurred, cold water 
 should be dashed over the face and head. The patient must be kept 
 awake, walked about between two strong persons, made to prasp the han- 
 dles of a eralvanic battery, dosed with strong coffee, and vigorously 
 slapped. J^c/ZiK/owwrt is an antidote for opium and for morphia, etc., its 
 active principles; and, on the other hand, the latter counteract the effects 
 of belladonna. But a knowledge of medicine is necessary for dealing with 
 these articles. 
 
 Strychnia— \i\.cr emetics have been freely and successfully given, the 
 patient should be allowed to breathe the vapor of sulphuric ether, poured 
 on a handkerchief and held to the face, in such quantities as to keep down 
 the tendency to convulsions. Bromide of potassium, twenty grains at a 
 dose, dissolved in syrup, may be given every hour. 
 
 A icoholic Poisoning %ho\i\A he comhSitcA by emetics, of which the sul- 
 phate of zinc given as above directed, is the best. After that, strong 
 coffee internally, and stimulation by heat e.xternally, should be used. 
 
 Acids are sometimes swallowed by mistake. Alkalies, lime water, mag- 
 nesia, or common chalk mixed with water, may be freely given, and after- 
 ward mucilaginous drinks, such as thick gum water or flaxseed tea. 
 
 Alkalies are less frequently taken in injurious strength or quantity, but 
 ■•sometimes children swallow lye by mistake. Common vinegar may be 
 given freely, and then castor or sweet oil in full doses — a tablespoonful at 
 a time, repeated every half hour or two. 
 
 Nitrate o/ silver -vihtn swallowed is neutralized by common table salt 
 freely given in solution in water. 
 
 The salts of mercury or arsenic (often kept as bedbug poison), which 
 are powerful irritants, are apt to be very quickly fatal. Milk or the whites 
 of eggs may be freely given, and afterward a very thin paste of flour and 
 water. In these cases an emetic is to be given after the poison is neu- 
 tralized. 
 
 Phosphorus paste, kept for roach poison or in parlor matches, is some- 
 times eaten by children, and has been willfully taken for the purpose of 
 suicide. It is a powerful irritant. The first thing to be done is to give 
 freely of magnesia and water; then to give mucilaginous drinks, as flax- 
 seed tea, gum water or sassafras pith and water; and lastly to administer 
 finely-powdered bone-charcoal, either in pill or in mixture with water. 
 
 In no case of poisoning should there be any avoidable delay in obtaining 
 the advice ofa physician, and, meanwhile, the friends or bystanders should 
 endeavor to find out exactly what has been taken, so that the treatment 
 adopted may be as prompt and effective as possible. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 INK DEPARTMENT. 
 
 RED INK.— Two ounces Cochineal, bruised ; pour over 
 it one quart Boiling Water, let it stand eight hours. Boil 
 two ounces Brazil Wood in one pint of Water, let it stand 
 eight hours and then add the two together. Dissolve one- 
 half ounce Gum Arabic in one-half pint Hot Water; add all 
 together and let stand four days. Strain and bottle for use, 
 
 BLUE INK. — Six parts Persian Blue, one part Oxalic 
 Acid ; triturate with little Water to smooth paste, add Gum 
 Arabic and the necessary quantity of Water. 
 
 INDELIBLE INK TO MARK LINEN.— One and a 
 half ounces Nitrate of Silver dissolved in six ounces Liquor 
 Ammonia Fortis, one ounce Archill, for coloring ; one-half 
 ounce Gum Arabic. Mix. 
 
 FOR YELLOW.— Write with Muriate of Antimony; 
 when dry wash with Tincture of Galls, 
 
 BLACK. — Write with a Solution of Green Vitriol and 
 wash with Tincture of Galls. 
 
 BLUE. — Nitrate of Cobate, wash with Oxalic Acid. 
 
 YELLOW. — Subacetate of Lead, wash with Hydro- 
 chloric Acid. 
 
 GREEN. — Arsenate of Potash, wash with Nitrate of 
 Copper. 
 
 PURPLE.— Solution of Gold and Muriate of Tin. 
 
 BLACK. — Perchloride of Mercury, the wash is Hydro- 
 chloric of Tin. 
 
 BLACK INK. — Extract of Logwood one ounce, Bicro- 
 matc of Potash one-cjuarter ounce. Pulverize and mix in a 
 quart of soft hot water. This makes a beautiful jet black 
 ink, wh-^h will not spoil by freezing. 
 
 2« 
 
INK PEPARTMKNT. 27 
 
 COPYING INK.— One-half pjallon of soft water, one 
 ounce Gum Arabic, one ounce Brown Sugar, one ounce 
 clean Copperas, three ounces powdered Nut Gall. Mix and 
 shake occasionally from 7 to 10 days and strain. The best 
 copying ink made. 
 
 BLACK INK. — Shellac four ounces, Borax two ounces, 
 Water one quart ; boil till dissolved and add two ounces 
 Gum Arabic, dissolved in a little hot water ; boil and add 
 enough of a well triturated mixture of equal parts of Indigo 
 and Lampblack to produce a proper color. After standing 
 several hours draw off and bottle. 
 
 GREEN INK.— Dissolve 180 grains Bichromate of 
 Potash in one fluid ounce of Water ; add while warm one- 
 half ounce Spirits of Wine, then decompose the mixture 
 with concentrated sulphuric acid until it assumes a brown 
 color ; evaporate this liquid until its quantity is reduced one- 
 half, dilute it with two ounces distilled water, filter it, add 
 one-half ounce Alcohol, followed by a few drops of strong 
 sulphuric acid ; it is now allowed to rest, and after a time 
 it assumes a beautiful green color. Add a small quantity 
 Gum Arabic and it is ready for use. 
 
 BEAUTIFUL BLUE WRITING FLUID.— Dissolve 
 Basic or Soluble Prussian Blue in pure water. This is the 
 most permanent and beautiful blue ink known. 
 
 VIOLET COPYING INK.— For blue violet dissolve in 
 300 parts of boiling water, Methyl Violet, 5 B, Hofman's 
 \'iolet, 3 B, or Gentiana Violet, B. For reddish violet dis- 
 solve in a similar quantity of water IMethyl Violet BR. A 
 small quantity of sugar added to these inks improves their 
 copying qualities. If the writing when dry retains a bronzy 
 appearance more water must be added. 
 
 NEW INVISIBLE INK.— C. Wideman communicates 
 a new method of making an invisible ink to Die Natur. To 
 make the writing or drawing appear which has been made 
 upon paper it is sufficient to dip it in water. On drying the 
 traces disappear again, and reappear again at eaci '•" — 
 ceeding immersion. The ink is made by intimateiy toixi9» 
 
28 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 Linseed Oil one part, Water of Ammonia twenty parts; 
 Water 100 parts. The mixture must be agitated each time 
 before the pen is dipped into it, as a little of the oil may 
 separate and float on top, which would, of course, leave an 
 oily stain upon the paper. 
 
 BUCHNER'S CARMINE INK —Pure Carmine twelve 
 grains. Water of Ammonia three ounces, dissolve, then add 
 Powdered Gum eighteen grain*. One-half drachm of 
 Powdered Drop Lake may be substituted for the Carmine, 
 where expense is an object. 
 
 BRILLIANT RED INK.— Brazil Wood two ounces. 
 Muriate of Tin one-half drachm, Gum Arabic one drachm. 
 Boil down in 32 ounces water to one-half, and strain. 
 
 WHITE INK. — Mix pure freshly precipitated Barium 
 Sulphate, or " Flake White," with Water containing enough 
 Gum Arabic to prevent the immediate settling of the sub- 
 stance. Starch or Magnesium C arbonate may be used in a 
 similar way. They must be rediced to palpable powders. 
 
 INDELIBLE INK FOR MARKING LINEN.— Add 
 Caustic Alkali to a saturated solution of Corpous Chloride 
 until no further precipitate form"* ; allow the precipitate to 
 settle, draw off the supernatant liquid with a siphon and 
 dissolve the hydrated copper oxids in the smallest quantit) 
 of Ammonia. It maybe mixed vuh about 6 per cent, o/ 
 Gum Dextrine for use. 
 
 TO WRITE SECRET LETTERS.— Put five centu' 
 worth Citrate of Potassa in an ounC'*? vial of clear coll 
 water. This forms an invisible fluid. Let it dissolve an I 
 you can use on paper of any color. Us? quill pen in writ- 
 ing. When you wish the writing to berciie visible hold ft 
 to red hot stove. 
 
 BLACK COPYING INK OR WRITLNO FLUID.— 
 Take two gallows of Rain Water, and put into it Gum 
 Arabic one-fourth pound. Brown Sugar one pound, clean 
 Copperas one-fourth pound, Powdered Nutgall three-fou.ths 
 pound ; mix, and shake occasionally for ten days, and sti un ; 
 if needed sooner let it stand in an iron kettle untiJ the 
 
INK DEPARTMENT. 29 
 
 Strength is obtained. This ink will stand the action of the 
 atmosphere for centuries if required. 
 
 TO MAKE RUBBER STAMP INK.-Dissolve Aniline 
 in hot Glycerine, and strain while hot or warm. 
 
 COMMERCIAL WRITING INK.— Galls one ounce, 
 Gum one-half ounce, Cloves one-half ounce, Sulphate of 
 Iron one-half ounce, Water eight ounces. Digest by fre- 
 quent shaking till it has sufficient color. This is a good 
 durable ink and will bear diluting. 
 
 TRAVELERS' INK.— White Blotting Paper is saturated 
 with Anniline Black, and several sheets are pasted 
 together, so as to form a thick pad. When required for use 
 a small piece is torn off and covered with a little water. 
 The black liquid which dissolves out is a good writing ink. 
 A square inch of paper will produce enough ink to last for 
 a considerable writing, and a few pads would be all that an 
 exploring party need carry with them. As water is always 
 available the ink is readily made. This is a perfectly orig- 
 inal and new recipe. Any enterprising man can make a 
 large income out of its manufacture. 
 
 INDELIBLE MARKING INK WITHOUT A PREPA- 
 RATION. — Dissolve separately one ounce of Nitrate of Sil- 
 ver and one and one-half ounces of Sub-Carbonate of Soda 
 (best washing soda) in rain water. Mix the solutions and 
 coMect and wash the precipitate in a filter ; while still moist 
 rub it up in a marble or hardwood mortar with three 
 drachms of Tartaric Acid, add two ounces of Rain Water, 
 mix six drachms White Sugar and ten drachms powdered 
 Gum Arabic, one-half ounce Archill and Water to make uf. 
 six o"nces in measure. It should be put up in short drachn* 
 bottles and sold at twenty-five cents. This is the best inh 
 for marking clothes that has ever been discovered. Therf 
 is a fortune in this recipe, as a good marking ink is verj 
 salable. 
 
 INVISIBLE INK.— Sulphuric Acid one part, Watei 
 twenty parts ; mix together and write with a quill pen 
 which writing can be read only after heating it. 
 
so ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 HORTICULTURAL INK.— Copper one part, dissolve 
 in Nitric Acid ten parts and add Water ten parts ; used to 
 write on zinc or tin labels. 
 
 GOLD INK.— Honey and Gold Leaf equal parts, Tur- 
 pentine until the Gold is reduced to the finest possible state 
 of division, agitate with thirty parts Hot Water and allow 
 it to settle. Decant the Water and repeat the washing 
 several times ; finally dry the Gold and mix it with a little 
 Gum Water for use. 
 
 SILVER INK. — Fof silver ink the process is the same 
 as gold, substituting Silver leaf for the Gold leaf. 
 
 INDELIBLE INK FOR GLASS OR METAL.— Borax 
 one ounce, Shellac two ounces, Water eighteen fluid ounces; 
 boil in a covered vessel, add of thick Mucilage one ounce ; 
 triturate it with Levigated Indigo and Lamp Black q. s. to 
 give it a good color. After two hours' repose decant from 
 the dregs and bottle for use. It may be bronzed after being 
 applied. Resists moisture, chlorine and gases. 
 
 BROWN INK.— A strong decoction of Catechu. The 
 shad may be varied by the cautious addition of a little weak 
 solution of bicromate of potash. 
 
 LUMINOUS INK.— Shines in the dark. Phosphorous 
 one-half drachm, Oil Cinnamon one-half ounce ; mix in a 
 vial, cork tightly, heat it slowly until mixed. A letter 
 written in this ink can only be read in a dark room, when 
 the writing will have the appearance of a fire. 
 
 TICKETING INK FOR GROCERS, ETC.— Dissolve 
 one ounce of Gum Arabic in six ounces of Water and 
 strain ; this is the Mucilage ; for a black color use Drop 
 Black, powdered and ground with the mucilage to extreme 
 fineness ; for blue, Ultra-Marine is used in the same man- 
 ner ; for green. Emerald Green ; for ivhitc, Flake White ; 
 red, Vermillion, Lake or Carmine ; for yellow, Chrome 
 Yellow. When ground too thick they are thinned with a 
 little water. Apply to the cards with a small brush. The 
 cards may be sized with a thin glue, afterward varnished, if 
 it is desired to preserve them. 
 
INK DEPARTMENT. 81 
 
 COMMON INK.— To one gallon boiling Soft Water add 
 three-fourths ounce Extract of Logwood ; boil two minutes ; 
 remove from the fire and stir in forty-eight grains Bichro- 
 mate of Potash and eight grains Prussiate of Potash. For 
 ten gallons use six and one-half ounces Logwood Extract, 
 one ounce Bichromate of Potash, and eighty grains Prus- 
 siate Potash ; strain. Six cents should buy the former and 
 twenty-five cents the latter. 
 
 RED INK. — In an ounce phial put one teaspoonful 
 Aqua Ammonia, Gum Arabic size of two or three peas, and 
 six grains No. 40 Carmine. Fill up with soft water and it 
 is soon ready for use. 
 
 INK FOR MARKING PACKAGES.— Take Lamp Black 
 and mix thoroughly with sufficient Turpentine to make it. 
 thin enough to flow from the brush. Powdered Ultrv- 
 Marine instead of Lamp Black, makes a fine blue marking 
 mixture for the same purpoae. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 COSMETIC DEPARTMENT, 
 
 LIQUID FOR CURLING THE HAIR. — Two ounces 
 scrapings of lead, half ounce Litharge, one-quarter ounce 
 Gum Camphor. Boil all in one pint of soft water for half 
 an hour. Let it cool ; pour off liquid and add to it one 
 dram Rosemary Flowers. Boil all again and strain, when 
 it is ready for use. Apply about once a week. 
 
 HAIR OIL.— One gallon Cologne Spirits, 90 per cent, 
 proof, one pint Castor Oil, one ounce Oil Cinnamon. Mix 
 well and it is ready for use. 
 
 POWDER FOR THE COMPLEXION. — Half ounce 
 Tincture of Elder Blossoms, half ounce Beef Marrow, half 
 pint Orange Flower Water, one Cassia Buds, two ounces 
 Bitter Almonds, four drams Spirits Oriental Roses. Mix, 
 and apply it in the evening and wash it off in the morning, 
 
 PASTE TO PRODUCE WHISKERS. — One ounce of 
 Oil of Paricada, two ounces Southern Wood Bark, one ounce 
 Dog's Lard. Fry over a slow fire until it forms a paste. 
 Apply to the face once a day until the whiskers begin to 
 grow. 
 
 TO CLEAN THE TEETH. — Castile Soap and Cigar 
 Ashes applied with a soft rag is one of the best tooth prepa- 
 rations known. 
 
 TO MAKE THE HAIR SOFT AND GLOSSY.— One 
 pint Alcohol, four ounces Castor Oil. Mix, and flavor with 
 Bergamot. Apply frequently with the hands. 
 
 TO REMOVE FRECKLES. — Use Oxolate of Copper 
 Ointment. 
 
 HAIR TONIC. — Sugar of Lead five grains, sulphate Qui- 
 nine two grains, Muriat of Ammonia one dram, Glycerine 
 
 32 
 
COSMETIC DEPARTMENT. 33 
 
 six ounces, Distilled Water six ounces. Miji^ and apply 
 two or three times per day. 
 
 HAIR DYES. NO. 1.— Distilled Water six ounces, Al- 
 cohol one ounce, Pyrogalic Acid one dram. TV e Acid must 
 be dissolved in the Alcohol before the water is added. 
 
 NO. 2. — Aqua Ammonia one ounce, Water one ounce, Ni- 
 trate of Silver two drachms. Dissolve the Silver in water 
 and add the Ammonia. Cork tight and keep in a cool place. 
 
 NO. 3. — Water four ounces. Sulphate of Potash half ounce. 
 Mix. To dye the hair of whiskers, have them free from 
 dirt or soap suds. They should be a little damp. Add care- 
 fully No. 1, using care not to allow the dye to touch the 
 skin. When somewhat dry apply No. 2; in about three 
 minutes apply No. 3. Use care not to allow any of these 
 preparations to touch the skin. 
 
 TO BEAUTIFY THE TEETH AN'D MAKE THE 
 BREATH SMELL SWEET AND PLEASANT. — One 
 ounce Chlorate of Lime in a pint of Soft W.iter, and let it 
 stand 24 hours. Then pour off the clear watti' and add forty 
 drops of Essence of Rose. 
 
 TO MAKE THE CHEEKS AND LIPS ROSY. — Use 
 a little Red Carmine, 
 
 PERFUMERY.— Oils of Rosemary and Lemon each a 
 half ounce, Bergamot and Lavender half drachm, Cinnamon 
 four drops. Cloves and Rose each ten drops. Alcohol one 
 quart. Mix and let stand one week. 
 
 HAIR RESTORATIVE.— Sugar of Lead, Borax and Lac 
 Sulphur each one ounce, Aqua Ammonia half ounce. Alco- 
 hol one gill. Mix and let stand 20 hours, then add Bay Rum 
 one gill, fine Table Salt one tablespoonful. Soft Water three 
 pints. Essence of Bergamot half ounce. 
 
 NEW YORK BARBER'S STAR HAIR OIL.— Castor 
 Oil six and one-half pints, Alcohol one and one-half pints, 
 OilofCitroncUa one-half ounce, Lavender one-fourth ounce. 
 Mix well, put in four ounce bottles, retail for 25 cents. 
 
14 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 CELEBRATED MOTH AND FRECKLE LOTION.— 
 '/or the skin and complexion ; a great secret. Distill two 
 Ihandfuls Jessamine Flowers in a quart of Rose Water and 
 a quart of Orange Water. Strain through porous paper and 
 add a scruple of Musk and a scruple of Ambergris. Bottle 
 and label. Splendid wash for the skin. 
 
 IMPERIAL ONGUENT FOR FORCING WHISKERS 
 AND MUSTACHE TO GROW.— Made as follows : Two 
 drachms of Benzoin Comp., two drachms Tincture of 
 <Cantharides, six ounces Castor Oil, nine and one-fourth 
 ounces Alcohol, one drachm Oil of Bergamot. Mix well, 
 bottle and label. Apply the Onguent night and morning. 
 Circulation should be stimulated with a rough towel. 
 
 CURLOLINE, FOR MAKING THE HAIR CURL.— 
 One pound Olive Oil, one drachm Oil of Origanum, one and 
 one-half drachms Oil of Rosemary. Mix well, bottle and 
 Jabel. Apply two or three times weekly. Will curl the 
 etraightest hair if not cut too short. 
 
 HAIR RESTORATIVE AND INVIGORATOR.— For 
 trifling cost. Sugar of Lead, Borax and Lac Sulphur ot 
 <ach one ounce, Aqua Ammonia one-half ounce, Alcohol 
 cne gill, mix and let stand for fourteen hours; then add 
 Bay Rum one gill, fine Table Salt one tablespoonful. Soft 
 Water three pints. Essence of Bergamot one ounce. This 
 preparation not only gives a beautiful gloss, but will cause 
 hair to grow upon bald heads arising from all common 
 causes, and turning gray hair to a dark color. 
 
 Manner of Application. — When the hair is thin or bald, 
 make two applications daily, until this amount is used up. 
 Work it into the roots of the hair with a soft brush or the 
 ends of the fingers, rubbing well each time. For gray hair 
 one application daily is sufficient. 
 
 JOCKEY CLUB.— Spirits of Wine five gallons, Orange 
 Flower Water one gallon. Balsam of Peru four ounces, Es- 
 sence of Bergamot eight ounces. Essence of Musk eight 
 ounces, Essence of Cloves four ounces, Essence of Neroli 
 two ounces. Mix. 
 
COSMETIC DEPARTMENT. ,% 
 
 LADIES' OWN. — Spirits of Wine one gallon, Otto of 
 Roses twenty drops, Essence of Thyme one-half ounce, Es' 
 sence of Neroli one-fourth ounce. Essence of Vanilla one' 
 half ounce, Essence of Bcrganiot one-fourth ounce, Orange 
 Flower Water six ounces. 
 
 UPPER TEN.— Spirits of Wine four quarts. Essence of 
 Cedrat two drachms. Essence of Violets one-fourth ounce, 
 Essence of Neroli one-half ounce. Otto of Roses twenty 
 drops. Orange Flower Essence one ounce. Oil of Rosemary 
 thirty drops, Oils of Bergamot and Neroli, each one-hal/ 
 ounce. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 FARRIER DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Kach and Every Recipe in this Department has Been Tested 
 
 by the Most Eminent Veterinary Surgeons in the United 
 
 States, and Pronounced by Them as the Best. 
 
 WOUNDS AND CUTS.— Take four ounces Lard, Bees- 
 wax four ounces, Resin three ounces, Vaseline four to six 
 ounces. Melt these together and add Carbolic Acid half 
 ounce. This is excellent. 
 
 COLIC— Gum Camphor one ounce, Cayenne one ounce, 
 Gum Myrrh one ounce, powdered Gum Quaial one ounce, 
 Sassafras Bark one ounce. Spirits of Turpentine one ounce, 
 Oil of Origanum one-quarter ounce. Oil Hemlock half 
 ounce. Pulverized Opium half ounce, good alcohol two 
 quarts. Mix and let stand ten or twelve days and filter. 
 Dose from one to four teaspoonfuls in a pint of milk. Keep 
 this on hand. It is the best colic cure known. 
 
 LINIMENT TO KILL PAIN. — One gallon Alcohol, 
 one ounce Tincture Cayenne, two ounces Tincture Gum 
 Camphor, two ounces Tincture Ammonia, one-half ounce 
 Chloroform. Mix well and let stand twelve hours. 
 
 BEST CONDITION POWDERS. — Fenugreek, Cream 
 of Tartar, Gentian, Sulphur, Saltpeter, Resin, Black Anti- 
 mony and Ginger each two ounces, Cayenne Pepper one 
 ounce. Pulverize and mix thoroughly. Dose, two teaspoon- 
 fuls once a day in feed. 
 
 BRITTLE AND CONTRACTED HOOFS. — Take Cas- 
 tor Oil, Barbadoes,Tar and Soft Soap. Equal parts of each. 
 Melt all together and stir while cooling, and apply a little to 
 the hoof three or four times a week. 
 M 
 
FARRIER DEPARTMENT. 37 
 
 CONTRACTED HOOF AND SORE FEET. — Take 
 equal parts of Soft Fat, Yellow Wax, Linseed Oil, Venice 
 Turpentine and Norway Tar ; first melt the wax, then add 
 the others, mixing thoroughly. Apply to the edge of the 
 hair once a day. 
 
 CRACKEI3 HEELS. — Tar, eight ounces, Beeswax one 
 ounce, Resin one ounce. Alum one ounce. Tallow one ounce, 
 Sulphate of Iron one ounce. Carbolic Acid one drachm. 
 Mix and boil over a slow fire. Skim off the filth and add 
 two ounces of the scrapings of Sweet Elder. 
 
 EYE WATER.— White Vitriol and pure Saltpeter of each 
 one scruple, pure soft water eight ounces. Mix. This 
 should be applied to the inflamed lids three or four times a 
 day, and if the inflammation does not lessen in one or two 
 days it may be injected directly into the eye. 
 
 The writer has used this for his own eyes, reduced one- 
 half with water, and dropped directly into the eye, which 
 would cause the eye to smart considerably for about five 
 minutes, when he should bathe the eye with cold water foi 
 a few minutes, and by repeating this three or four times a 
 day, it has given the best of satisfaction. It does nicely, 
 many times, to just close the eye and bathe the outside 
 freely. 
 
 CURE FOR SWEENEY.— Alcohol and Spirits of Tur- 
 pentine each eight ounces. Camphor Gum, pulverized 
 Cantharides and Capsicum each one ounce. Oil of Spike 
 three ounces. Mix. Bathe with hot iron. 
 
 FARCY. — Nitrate of Potash four ounces, Black Anti- 
 mony two ounces, Sulphite of Soda one ounce. Elecampane 
 two ounces. Mix. Dose, one tablespoonfui once or twice 
 a day. 
 
 FARCY AND GLANDERS.— Iodide of Potassium one 
 and one-quarter drachms. Copperas one-half, Ginger one 
 drachm. Gentian two drachms, powdered Gum Arabic and 
 Syrup to form a ball; or take one-half ounce Sulphite Soda, 
 five grains powdered Cantharides. Mix, and give at night 
 in cut feed for several weeks ; give at the same time every 
 
98 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 morning and noon three drachms powdered Gentian, two 
 drachms powdered Blue Vitriol, give the medicines for a 
 long time ; feed well. This is the best treatment that can 
 be given for this disease. 
 
 WOLF'S LINIMENT.— One quart Alcohol, two ounces 
 Tincture Arnica, one ounce Oil Hemlock, one ounce Oil of 
 Spike. Mix well and let stand twenty-four hours. This 
 will cure any burn, scald, bruise, sprain or any like ailment; 
 also aches and pains of all kinds. Apply by wetting a flan- 
 nel cloth and wrapping it around the diseased parts. 
 
 CUTS, WOUNDS AND SORES.— Take of Lard four 
 ounces, Beeswax four ounces, Resin two ounces, Carbolic 
 Acid one-quarter ounce. Mix the first three and melt, add 
 Carbolic Acid, stirring until cool. This is excellent for man 
 as well as beast. 
 
 FOR POLE EVIL.— Rock Salt one ounce. Blue Vitriol 
 one ounce, Copperas one-half ounce. Pulverize and mix 
 well. Fill a goose quill with the powder aud push to the 
 bottom of the pipe. Have a stick at the top of the quill 
 and push the powder out of the quill, leaving it at the bot- 
 tom of the pipe. Repeat in four days, and in two or three 
 days you can remove the pipe without any trouble. 
 
 CURE FOR SCRATCHES. — Sweet Oil three ounces, 
 Borax one ounce. Sugar of Lead one ounce. Mix and ap- 
 ply twice daily after washing thoroughly with castile soap, 
 giving time for legs to dry. 
 
 GREAT ARABIAN HEAVE REMEDY. —Give your 
 horse a teaspoonful of Lobelia once a day for a week and 
 then once a week and you will hardly know he ever had the 
 heaves. Try it. 
 
 BOTS. — Take new Milk two quarts. Syrup one quart; 
 mix and give the whole, and in fifteen or twenty minutes 
 after give two quarts of warm, strong Sage tea ; half an 
 hour after the tea give one quart of raw Linseed Oil, or if 
 the Oil cannot be had, give lard instead. 
 
 DIURETICS. — Take Balsam Copaiba two ounces, Sweet 
 Spirits of Nitre three ounces. Spirits of Turpentine two 
 
FARRIKR DEPAKr.MKNT. 39 
 
 ounces. Oil of Juniper two ounces, Tincture of Camphor two 
 ounces. Mix; shake the bottle before pouring the medicine. 
 Dose for achiit horse, two tablespoonfuls in a pint of milk, 
 repeated every four to six liours, if necessary. This is a re- 
 liable preparation for kidney difficulties. 
 . FOUNDER. — Vinegar three pints, Capsicum one-half 
 drachm, Tincture of Aconite Root fifteen drops. Mix and 
 boil down to one quart; when cool give it as a drench. 
 Blanket the horse well; after the horse has perspired for an 
 hour or more, give one quart of raw Linseed Oil. This 
 treatment will be found good for horses foundered by eating 
 too much grain. 
 
 MANGE. — Oil Tar one ounce, Lac Sulphur one and one- 
 half ounces, Whale Oil two ounces. Mix. Rub a little on 
 the skin wherever the disease appears, and continue daily 
 for a-week, then wash off with castile soap and warm water. 
 
 POLL EVIL AND FISTULA.— Tincture of Opium one 
 drachm, Potash two drachms, Water one ounce; mix, and 
 when dissolved inject into the pipes with a small syringe, 
 having cleansed the sore with soapsuds; repeat every two 
 days until pipes are com.pletely destroyed. 
 
 CONDITION POWDER.— Take Antimony Crude, one 
 ounce. Lobelia gr. one ounce, Ginger two ounces. Sulphur 
 Flour three ounces. Berberry gr. one ounce, Cream Tartar 
 four ounces, Saltpetre Flour four ounces; well mixed. Dose 
 one tablespoonful each day in wet feed. Best in the market; 
 will sell well. 
 
 FOR BONE SPAVIN.— Hog's Lard half-pint, best Oil 
 Origanum one and a half ounces, Oil Cajeput two ounces, 
 pulverized Cantharides half ounce. Mix, and apply each 
 morning for four mornings, heating it in with hot iron each 
 time, then discontinue its use for three days, after which use 
 as before for five mornings. Wait about eight or ten days 
 and if not gone repeat as before. 
 
 ARABIAN HORSE TAMER'S SECRET.— Take Oil 
 of Cummin, Oil of Rhodium and Horse Castor. Keep sepa- 
 rate in air-tight bottles. Rub a little of the Oil of Cummin 
 
40 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 on your hand and approach the horse on the windward side, 
 so that he can smell the Cummin. The horse will then let 
 you come up to him without trouble. Rub your hand gently 
 on the horse's nose, getting a little oil on it. He will then 
 follow you. Give him a little of the Castor on a piece of 
 Loaf Sugar or Apple; get a few drops of the Rhodium on 
 his tongue, and he is your servant. He will follow you like 
 a pet dog. 
 
 CURE FOR SPAVIN AND RINGBONE.— Cantharides 
 one ounce, Mercurial Ointment half ounce, Corrosive Subli- 
 mate a half drachm, Turpentine one and a half ounces, 
 Tincture Iodine one ounce. Gum Euphorbium four ounces. 
 Mix well with one pound of lard. For spavin or ringbone, 
 cut the hair away and grease the part well with the oint- 
 ment, rubbing it in well. In two days grease the parts with 
 lard; wash it off in two days more, and again apply the oint- 
 ment. So continue until a cure is effected, which will be in 
 a short time. For bog spavin, wind gall curb or splint, 
 apply the ointment every six days. 
 
 JOCKEY TRICKS.— How to make a horse appear as 
 though he was badly foundered. — Take a fine wire and 
 fasten it tightly around the fetlock, between the foot and 
 the heel, and smooth the hair over it. In twenty minutes 
 the horse will show lameness. Do not leave it on over nine 
 hours. To make a horse lame. — Take a single hair from its 
 tail, put it through the eye of a needle, then lift the front leg 
 and press the skin between the outer and middle tendon or 
 cord, and shove the needle through, cut off the hair each 
 side and let down the foot. The horse will go lame in twenty- 
 minutes. How to make a horse stand by his food and not 
 take it. — Grease the front teeth and the roof of the mouth 
 with common beef tallow, and he will not eat until you wash 
 it out This in conjunction with the above will consummate 
 a complete founder. How to cure a horse from the crib or 
 Bucking wind. —Saw between the upper teeth to the gums. 
 How to put a young countenance on a horse. — Make a small 
 incision in the sunken place over the eye, insert the point of 
 a goose quill and blow it up; close the external wound with 
 
PARRIER DEPARTME>rr. 
 
 41 
 
 a thread and it is done. To cover up the heaves. — Drench 
 the horse with one-fourth pound of common bird-shot, and 
 he will not heave until they pass through him. To make a 
 horse appear as if he had the glanders. — Melt four ounces 
 fresh Butter and pour into his ear. To distinguish between 
 glanders and distemper. — The discharge from the nose in 
 glanders will sink in water; in distemper it floats. How to 
 make a true pulling horse balk. — Take Tincture of Can- 
 tharides one ounce, and Corrosive Sublimate one drachm; 
 mix and bathe his shoulder at night. How to serve a horse 
 that is lame. — Make a small incision about half way from 
 the knee to the joint on the outside of the leg, and at the 
 back part of the shin bone you will find a small, white ten- 
 don or cord; cut it off and close the external wound with a 
 stitch, and he will walk off on the hardest pavement and not 
 limp a particle. 
 
 HOW TO TELL THF: AGE OF A HORSE. — The 
 safest way of determining the age of a horse is by the 
 appearance of the teeth, which undergo certain changes in 
 the course of years. 
 
 Eight to fourteen days after birth, the first middle nippers 
 of the set of milk teeth are cut (Fig. 1), four to six weeks 
 afterwards the pair next to them (Fig. 2), and finally, after 
 six or eight months, the last (Fig. 3). 
 
 All these milk teeth have a well defined body and neck, 
 and a slender fang, and on their front surface grooves of 
 
 furrows, which disappear 
 from the middle nippers 
 at the end of one year, 
 from the next pair in two 
 years, and from the inci- 
 sive teeth ( cutters ) in 
 three years. 
 
 At the age of two the 
 nippersbecome loose and 
 fall out, in their places 
 appear two permanent 
 
42 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 teeth, with deep, black cavities, and full, sharp edges 
 (Fig. 4). 
 
 At the age of three, the next pair (Fig. 5) fall out. 
 
 At four years old, the corner teeth fall out (Fig. 6). 
 
 At five years old, the horse has his permanent set of tecch. 
 
 The teeth grow in \ength as the horse advances in years, 
 but at the same time his teeth are worn away by use about 
 one-twelfth of an inch every year, so that the black cavities 
 of the center nippers below disappear in the sixth year 
 (Fig. 7), those of the next pair in the seventh year (Fig. 8), 
 and those of the corner teeth in the eighth year (Fig. 9). 
 Also the outer corner teeth of upper and lower jaw just meet 
 at eight years of age. 
 
 At nine years old, cups leave the two center nippers 
 above, and each of the two upper corner teeth has a little 
 sharp protrusion at the extreme outer corner (Fig. 10). 
 
 At the age of ten the cups disappear from the adjoining 
 teeth. 
 
 At the age of eleven, the cups disappear from the corner 
 teeth above, and are only indicated by brownish spots. 
 
 The oval form becomes broader, and changes, from the 
 twelfth to the sixteenth year, more and more into a triangu- 
 lar form, and the teeth lose, finally, with the twentieth year, 
 all regularity. There is nothing remaining in the teeth that 
 can afterwards clearly show the age of the horse, or justify 
 the most experienced examiner in living a positive 
 opinion. 
 
 The tushes, or canine teeth, conical In shape, with a sharp 
 point, and curved, are cut between the third and fourth 
 year, their points become more and more rounded until the 
 ninth year, and after that, more and more dull in the course 
 of years, and lose, finally, all regular shape. Mares have, 
 frequently, no tusks, or only very faintly indicated. 
 
 AGE OF SHEEP AND GOATS.— At one year old they 
 have eight front teeth of uniform size. At two years the two 
 
KARRIER DEPARTMENT. 43 
 
 ro'.d'i)'i Dnes are supplanted by two large ones. At three a 
 'Jmall tooth appears on each side. At four there are six 
 /'arge teeth. At five all the front teeth are large, and at six 
 all begin to get worn. 
 
 AGE OF CATTLE. — A cow's horn is supposed to fur- 
 nish a correct indication of the age of the animal, but this is 
 not always true. For ordinary purposes, however, the fol- 
 lowing will be found approximately correct : At two years 
 of age a circle of thicker matter begins to form on the ani- 
 mal's horns, which becomes clearly defined at three years 
 of age, when another circle begins to form.and an additional 
 circle every year thereafter. The cow's age then can be 
 determined by adding two to the number of circles. The 
 rings on a bull's horns do not show themselves until he is 
 five years old — so in the case of a bull five must be added 
 to the number of rings. Unless the rings are clear and dis- 
 tinct these rules will not apply. Besides, dishonest dealers 
 cometimes file off some of the rings of old cattle. 
 
KING OF BEASTS. 
 
 (From an American poin t cf view.) 
 
 " Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day. 
 That cost thy life, my gallant bay !" 
 
 Sir Walter ScotU 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT. - 
 
 HOW TO IMITATE GOLD.— Take the following metals 
 and melt them in a covered crucible: sixteen ounces Virgin 
 Platina, twenty-four ounces pure copper. 
 
 SILVER. — Forty ounces Nickel twenty ounces Copper, 
 thirty ounces Block Tin. 
 
 ARTIFICIAL GOLD.— Sixteen parts of Virgin Platina 
 and seven parts Copper and one of Zinc. Put these in a 
 crucible with powdered charcoal, and melt them together 
 till the whole forms a mass, and are thoroughly incorporated 
 together. This also makes a gold of extraordinary beauty 
 and value. It is not possible by any tests that chemists 
 know of to distingush it from pure virgin gold. All I ask 
 of men is to use it for good and lawful purp^Lses, for the 
 knowledge that I here give will bring you a rich and perma- 
 nent reward without using it for unlawful purposes. 
 
 MANHEIM, OR JEWELER'S GOLD.— Three parts of 
 Copper, one part of Zinc, and one part of Block Tin. If 
 these are pure and melted in a covered crucible containing 
 charcoal, the resemblance will be so good the best judges 
 cannot tell it from pure gold without analyzing it. 
 
 BEST PINCHBACK GOLD.— Five ounces of pure Cop- 
 per and one ounce of Zinc. This makes gold so good in 
 appearance that a great deal of deception by its use in the 
 way of watches and jewelry has been successfully practiced 
 for several hundred years back. 
 
 SILVER FLUID, for silvering brass and copper articles 
 of every description. — Take an ounce of precipitated Silver 
 to half an ounce of Cyanate Potash and quarter of an ounce 
 ct Hyper Sulphate of Soda. Put all into a quart of wa*er, add 
 
 45 
 
46 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED, 
 
 a little whitening and shake before using. Apply with a soft 
 rag. This knowledge alone is worth one hundred dollars. 
 
 ORIGINAL AND GENUINE SILVER PLATING 
 FLUID.- -Galvanism Simplified. — Dissolve one ounce of 
 Nitrate of Silver in Crystal in twelve ounces of soft water. 
 Then dissolve in the water two ounces of Cyanuret of Pot- 
 ash. Shake the whole together and let it stand until it 
 becomes clear. Have ready some half-ounce vials, and fill 
 them half full with Paris White or fine Whiting, then fill up 
 the bottles with the liquid, and it is ready for use. The 
 Whiting does not increase the coating power; it only helps 
 to clean the articles and to save the silver fluid by half filling 
 the bottles. The above quantity of materials will only 
 cost about $L50, so that the fluid will only cost about three 
 cents a bottle. 
 
 POWDER FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING TIN, 
 BRITANNIA AND BRASSWARE.— Take one-half pound 
 ground Pumice Stone and one-quarter pound Red Chalk, 
 mix them evenly together. This is for tin and brass. For 
 silver and fine ware', take one-half pound Red Chalk, and 
 one-quarter pound Pumice Stone, mix very evenly; use these 
 articles dry with a piece of wash leather. It is one of the 
 best cleaning powders ever invented, and very valuable. 
 
 SILVER POLISH FOR TIN, BRASS AND METAL- 
 LIC ARTICLES. —Quicksilver, Tinfoil or Rottenstone, 
 equal parts, all pulverized together. Roll up in balls, show 
 as you go, and sell 10 cents a ball. 
 
 ANOTHER — Fine. — Four pounds Whiting, one-quarter 
 ounce Oxalic Acid, one-half ounce Cream Tartar. Stir all 
 together, then add slowly three ounces Mercury stirring 
 briskly all the time so it will mix. This it; good, 25 cents a 
 ball. 
 
 KANGAROO CEMENT. — Rubber one ounce, pack 
 tightly as possible in a bottle and cover it with Bi-Sulphate 
 of Carbon. When the rubber is dissolved you will have the 
 best cement in the world. There is a fortune in this to an 
 energetic man, as it sells at 25 cents a drachm; and cost but 
 
CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT. 47 
 
 little to make it. This is tlie cement used by shoemakers 
 to put invisible patches on slioes. 
 
 HOW TO EAT FIRE —Anoint your tongue with liquid 
 Storax, and you may put hot iron or fire coals into your 
 mouth, and without burning you. This is a very dangerous 
 trick to be done, and those who practice it ought to use all 
 means they can to prevent danger. We never saw one of 
 those fire-eaters that had a good complexion. 
 
 IMITATION SILVER.— Eleven ounces refined Nickel, 
 two ounces Metallic Bismuth. Melt the composition three 
 times, and pour them out in ley. The third time, when 
 melting, add two ounces of pure silver. 
 
 IMITATION GOLD. —Four ounces of Platina, three 
 ounces of Silver, one ounce of Copper. 
 
 OROIDE GOLD. — The best article is made by com- 
 pounding four parts pure Copper, one and three-fourths part 
 pure Zinc, one-fourth part Magnesia, one-tenth part Sal- 
 Ammoniac.one-twefth part Quick Lime, and one part Cream 
 Tartar. Melt the Copper first, then add as rapidly as pos- 
 sible the other articles in the order named. 
 
 HOW TO INCREASE THE WEIGHT OF GOLD.— 
 Take your bar of Gold and rub it long and carefully with 
 thin Silver, until the Gold absorbs the quantity of Silver that 
 you require. Then prepare a strong solution of Brimstone 
 and Quicklime. Now put the Gold into a vessel with a wide 
 mouth. Now let them boil until the Gold attains the right 
 color, and you have it, but do not use this knowledge for an 
 ill purpose. 
 
 MASON'S FROZEN PERFUME.— This perfume is in 
 a solid, transparent form, and by rubbing on the handker- 
 chief it imparts an exquisite perfume; by carrying it in the 
 pocket it perfumes the entire wearing apparel; by keeping 
 it in a drawer or box all articles therein obtain the benefits 
 of this perfume. 
 
 Solidified perfumes are superior to all liquid as they can- 
 not spill or waste in any manner, but will last for years. 
 Perhaps no article of luxury has had such a sale as this, and 
 
48 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 as the sales have steadily increased since its introduction, 
 no other proof of its excellence is needed. 
 
 FREEZING MIXTURE.— Take four parts Nitric Acid, 
 six parts Nitrate Ammonia, aud nine parts phosphate of 
 Soda. Having first prepared a vessel of galvanized iron four 
 inches wide, twenty-four inches long, and twelve inches 
 deep, have it a little wider at the top than at the bottom. 
 Now make another vessel eight inches wide, twenty-eight 
 inches long and fourteen inches high. Put the small vessel 
 inside the larger one, fill the small one nearly full of as cool 
 water as you can procure, put the freezing mixture in the 
 large vessel around the smaller one, set this in as cool a 
 place as possible. If you will have a faucet at the lower 
 edge of the larger vessel and first fill the large vessel with 
 the following it will greatly assist in freezing. Equal parts 
 of Sal-Ammonia and Nitre dissolved in its own weight of 
 water. In ten to fifteen minutes pour this o£f and put in the 
 freezing mixture. 
 
 Note. — I have used the above description of a vessel to 
 give you an idea of how to operate. Any sized vessel made 
 in the same proportion will work as well, 
 
 IMPROVED TROY STARCH ENAMEL.— Melt five 
 pounds of Refined Paraffine Wax in a tin boiler or pan over 
 a slow fire; use care in melting. When melted remove the 
 vessel from the fire and add 200 drops of Oil of Citronelli. 
 Take some new round tin pie pans, and oil them with sweet 
 oil as you would for pie baking, but do not use lard. Put 
 these pans on a level table, and pour in enough of the hot 
 wax to make a depth in each pan equal to about the thick- 
 ness of one-eighth of an inch. While hot, glance over the 
 pans to see that they are level. As this is very essential, 
 pdease remember it. If the pans are not level, the cakes 
 will be all thicknesses, which should not be so. Then let 
 them cool, but not too fast. Watch them closely, and have 
 a tin stamp ready to stamp the cakes out about the size of 
 an ordinary candy lozenge. This stamp should be about 
 eight inches long, larger at the top than at the bottom, so 
 that the cakes can pass up through the stamp as you are 
 
CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT. 49 
 
 cutting them out of the pans. Lay the cakes in another pan 
 to cool. Before they become very hard, separate them from 
 each other; if not, it will be difficult to do so when they be- 
 come very hard. Do not neglect this. Have boxes made 
 at any paper box maker's in any large city. They cost 
 about from one to two cents each; sliding boxes are the 
 best. Have your labels printed, and commence business at 
 once. Put 24 to 30 cakes in each box, and retail for 25 cents. 
 
 Wholesale for 81.50 per dozen. 
 
 Directions for Use. — To a pint of boiling starch stir in one 
 cake or tablet. This gives an excellent lustre to linen or 
 muslin, and imparts a splendid perfume to the clothes, and 
 makes the iron pass very smoothly over the surface. It 
 requires but half the ordinary labor to do an ironing. It is 
 admired by every lady. It prevents the Iron from adhering 
 to the surface, and the clothes remain clean and neat much 
 longer than by any other method. 
 
 BRILLIANT SELF-SHINING STOVE POLISH.— This 
 is one of the greatest inventions of the age. It has been the 
 result of a large amount of study on the part of the inventor 
 to perfect a polish that would work easily and satisfactorily 
 in a perfectly dry state, thereby obviating the disagreeable 
 task of mixing and preparing. A good stove polish is an 
 absolute necessity in every family. It is only a question, 
 then, of offering the best to make a sale. To prove that this 
 polish is the best is an easy task. All you have to do is to 
 have a box open and a piece of rag to begin operations. 
 You now approach the stove and apply the polish. The 
 result will be so startlingly beautiful that no further words 
 will be necessary. If the stove is not convenient, anything 
 will do to experiment with. You can produce on a piece of 
 wood, a scrap of paper or a potato, a lustre equal to a bur- 
 nished mirror. 
 
 Now make the following points just as strong as ycu can: 
 1. That this polish requires no water or mixing like the va- 
 rious cake or powder polishes. 2. That it is self-shining and 
 no labor is required. 3. That no dust or smell of any kind 
 
50 ONE THOtfSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 rises from its use. And, lastly that it has no equal in the 
 world. 
 
 Recipe. — Take Plumbago (Black Lead) finely pulverized, 
 and put in two ounce wood boxes, nicely labeled, and sell 
 for ten or fifteen cents a box. Wholesale to stores and 
 agents at $6.00 a hundred. Costs less than three cents a 
 box to manufacture. 
 
 Directions for Use. — Use a damp woolen rag, dip in the 
 box, and apply to the stove. Then polish with a dry cloth, 
 and a most beautiful polish will appear. 
 
 TO FROST WINDOW PANES.— Take Epsom Salts 
 and dissolve in beer. Apply with a brush and you have the 
 finest window frosting known. 
 
 THE HOUSEKEEPER'S FRIEND, or Electric 
 Powder. — This is one of the most salable articles of the 
 day and staple as flour — something that every housekeeper 
 will buy. It is used for gold and silver plated ware, Ger- 
 man silver, brass, copper, glass, tin, steel, or any material 
 where a brilliant lustre is required. Is put up in two ounce 
 wood boxes, costs three cents to manufacture, sells at retail 
 for 25 cents, to agents and stores for $12.00 per 100 boxes. 
 
 RECIPE. — To four pounds best quality Whiting, add 
 one-half pound Cream Tartar and three ounces Calcined 
 Magnesia; mix thoroughly together, box and label. 
 
 Directions. — Use the polish dry with a piece of chamois 
 skin or Canton flannel, previously moistened with water or 
 alcohol, and finish with the polish dry. A few moments' 
 rubbing will develop a surprising lustre, different from the 
 polish produced by any other substance. 
 
 RECIPE. — Follow the same directions as in "Starch En- 
 amel," and perfume as follows: Take two ounces Oil 
 Lemon Grass and one-half ounce Oil of Cloves, and one- 
 fourth ounce Oil of Lavender flowers; mix them well to- 
 gether. For this amount of perfume you require about four 
 quarts of the liquid paraffine. Pour the oils into the melted 
 paraffine while warnl, stirring it well while pouring. Stamp 
 
CHEMICAL DEPARTMENT, 51 
 
 Into square cakes and put into noatly printed envelopes. 
 Sell for ten cents a cake, cost two cents. Agents can sell 
 100 cakes a day. 
 
 THE LIGHTNING INK ERASER.— The great Light- 
 ning Ink Eraser may be used instead of a knife or scraper 
 for erasing in order to rectify a mistake or clean off a blot, 
 without injury to the paper, leaving the paper as clean and 
 good to write upon as it was before the blot or mistake was 
 made, and without injury to the printer's ink upon any 
 printed form or ruling upon any first-class paper. Take of 
 Chloride of Limeone pound, thoroughly pulverized, and four 
 quarts of Soft Water. The above must be thoroughly shaken 
 when first put together. It is required to stand twenty- 
 four hours to dissolve the Chloride of Lime. Then strain 
 through a cotton cloth, after which add a teaspoonful of 
 Ascetic Acid (No. 8 commercial) to every ounce of Chloride 
 of Lime Water. The eraser is used by reversing the pen- 
 holder in the hand, dipping the end in the fluid, and apply- 
 ing it, without rubbing, to the blot to be erased. When the 
 ink has disappeard, absorb the fluid into a blotter, and the 
 paper is immediately ready to write upon. Pup up in com- 
 mon ink bottles and retail for 25 cents each. 
 
 THE MAGIC ANNIHILATOR.— To make one gross 
 eight-ounce bottles — aqua ammonia one gallon, soft water 
 eight gallons, best white soap four pounds, saltpetre eight 
 ounces. Shave the soap fine, add the water boil until the 
 soap is dissolved, let it get cold, then add the saltpetre, 
 stirring until dissolved. Now strain, let the suds settle, 
 skim off the dry suds, add the ammonia, bottle and cork at 
 once. Cost about $7.25 per gross ; sells for $72.00. It will 
 do everything claimed for it and more too. It is no mixture 
 of soap suds as some may suppose, but a pure scientific, 
 chemical preparation. If you wish to make a small quan- 
 tity for trial, take aqua ammonia two ounces, soft water one 
 quart, saltpetre one teaspoonful. Shave the soap fine, mix 
 all, shake well, and let settle a day or two to dissolve the 
 soap. 
 
52 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 What it will Do.— It will remove all kinds of grease 
 and oil spots from every variety of wearing apparel, such 
 as coats, pants, vests, dress goods, carpets, etc., without 
 injury to the finest silks or laces. It will shampoo like a 
 charm, raising the lather in proportion to the amount of 
 dandruff and grease in the hair. A cloth wet with it will 
 remove all grease from door-knobs, window sills, etc., 
 handled by kitchen domestics in their daily routine of 
 kitchen work. It will remove paint from a board, I care 
 not how hard or dry it is, if oil is used in the paint, yet it 
 will not injure the finest textures. Its chemical action is 
 such that it turns any oil or grease into soap, which is easily 
 washed out with clear cold water. For cleaning silver, 
 brass and copper ware it can't be beat. It is certain death 
 to bed bugs, for they will never stop after they have 
 encountered the Magic Annihilator. 
 
 Directions for Use. — For grease spots, pour upon 
 the article to be cleaned a suffcient quantity of the Magic 
 Annihilator rubbing well with a clean sponge, and applying 
 to both sides of the article you are cleaning. Upon carpets 
 and coarse goods, where the grease is hard and dry, use a 
 stiff brush and wash out with clear cold water. Apply 
 again if necessary. One application is all that is needed 
 for any fresh grease spots, but for old or dried a second 
 may be required. For shampooing take a small quantity of 
 the Magic Annihilator with an equal quantity of water, 
 apply to the hair with a stiff brush, brushing into the pores 
 of the scalp, and wash out with clear water. You will be 
 surprised at the silk gloss of yt)ur hair. For cleaning siUer 
 ware, etc., buy five cents worth of whitening, mix a -small 
 quantity with the magic annihilator, and apply with a rag, 
 rubbing briskly. For killing bed bugs, apply to the places 
 they frequent, and they will leave in short order. You will 
 find it useful in many other ways. (See price list of labels.) 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 
 
 FIRE-PROOF PAINT.— Take a sufficient quantity oi 
 Water for use; add as much Potash as can be dissolved 
 therein. When the water will dissolve no more potash, stir 
 into the solution first, a quantity of flour paste of consis- 
 tency of painter's size; second a sufficiency of pure clay to 
 render it of the consistency of cream. Apply with a painter's 
 brush. 
 
 N. B. — The above will admit of any coloring you please 
 
 WATER-PROOF AND FIRE-PROOF CEMENT FOR 
 ROOFS OF HOU.SES.—Slack Stone Lime in a large tub 
 or barrel with boiling water, covering the tub or barrel to 
 keep in the steam. When thus slacked pass six quarts 
 through a fine sieve. It will then be in a state of fine flour. 
 To this add one quart Rock Salt and one gallon of Water. 
 Boil the mi.xture and skim it clean. To every five gallons 
 of this skimmed mixture add one pound of Alum and one- 
 half pound Copperas; by slow degrees add three-fourths 
 pound Potash and four quarts fine Sand or Wood Ashes 
 sifted. Both of the above will admit of any coloring you 
 please. It looks better than paint and is as durable as slate. 
 
 PAINT FOR ROUGH WOODWORK.— Six pounds 
 melted Pitch, one pound Linseed Oil, and one pound Yel' 
 low Ochre. 
 
 SUPERIOR PAINT FOR BRICK HOUSES.— To Lime 
 Whitewash add, for a fastener. Sulphate of Zinc, and shade 
 with any color you choose, as Yellow Ochre, Venetine Red, 
 etc. It outlasts oil paint. 
 
 ART OF ETCHING ON COPPER.— Having obtained 
 a piece of fine Copper, which will be well polished, make a 
 
 63 
 
54 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 mixture of Beeswax and a small quantity of Resin; melt 
 these together, and when thoroughly incorporated by stir- 
 ring, take a camel's hair brush and cover the plate, which 
 must previously be warmed by the fire, with an even coating 
 of the mixture. 
 
 When the mixture becomes hardened upon the plate, 
 sketch the desired object upon the surface, then take an 
 etching point, a large needle fixed in a handle will do, and 
 cut through the wax to the surface of the copper, taking 
 care to make the lines as distinct as possible. 
 
 This being done, raise a border of wax all around the 
 plate, then pour strong Nitric Acid on the plate tothedepth 
 of an inch. The Acid will eat away the copper in those 
 places which have been bared by the etching point. From 
 time to time pour off the acid and wash the plate to see how 
 the work is going on. Stop up with with wax those places 
 that appear to be etched deep enough, pour Acid upon the 
 others, and let it remain until the process is completed. 
 This done, melt off the wax clean the plate, and the etch- 
 ing is ready for the press. This is an employment from 
 which a good remuneration may be derived, 
 
 MAHOGANY FURNITURE VARNISH.— Take of 
 Proof Alcohol one quart, cut therein all the Gum Shellac 
 it will take, add two ounces of Venice Turpentine, and color- 
 ing to suit. This makes abeautiful polish and will wear for 
 years. 
 
 WATER-PROOF FOR LEATHER. — Take Linseed 
 Oil one pint, Yellow Wax and White Turpentine each two 
 ounces, Burgundy Pitch two ounces, melt and color with 
 Lamp Black. 
 
 TO TAKE STAINS OUT OF MAHOGANY. — Mix 
 Spirits of Salts six parts, Salt of Lemons one part, then 
 drop a little on the stains, and rub them till they disappear. 
 
 CEMENTS. — Cements of various kinds should be kept 
 for occasional use. Flour paste answers very well for slight 
 purposes ; if required stronger than usual, boil a little Glue 
 or put some powdered Resin in it. White of Egg, or a solu- 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 55 
 
 ti'on of Glue and a strong Gum Water are good cements. 
 A paste made of Linseed Meal dries very hard and adheres 
 firmly. A soft cement is made of Yellow Wax, melted with 
 its weight of Turpentine, and a little Venetine Red to give 
 it color. This when cool is as hard as soap, and is very use- 
 ful to stop up cracks, and is better to cover the corks of 
 bottles than sealing wax or hard cement. 
 
 The best cement for broken china or glass is that sold 
 under the name of Diamond cement; it is colorless and 
 resists moisture. This is made by soaking Isinglass in wa- 
 ter until it is soft, and then dissolving it in Proof Spirits ; 
 add to this a little Gum Ammoniac or Galbonam or Mastic, 
 both dissolved in as little Alcohol as possible. When the 
 cement is to be used, it must be gently liquified by placing 
 the vial containing it in boiling water. The vial must be 
 well closed with a good cork, not a glass stopper, as they 
 become forced. It is applied to the broken edges by a 
 camel's hair pencil. 
 
 When objects are not to be exposed to the moisture, the 
 White of an Egg alone is mixed with finely powdered 
 Quicklime, will answer very well ; Shellac dissolved in 
 water is better. 
 
 A very strong cement for all earthenware is made by 
 boiling slices of Skim-Milk Cheese and Water into a paste, 
 then grinding the Quicklime in a marble mortar, or on a 
 slab with a mallet. 
 
 TO MEND IRON. — Mix finely some sifted Lime with 
 the White of an Egg till a thin sort of paste is formed, 
 then add some Iron Filings. Apply this to the fracture and 
 the vessel will be found nearly as sound as ever. 
 
 PATENT GLUE. — One pound fine Isinglass and one 
 pint Rain Water, boil and prepare an ordinary glue, then 
 add slowly, stirring continually, two ounces Nitric Acid, 
 bottle and it is fit for use. It will permanently adhere to 
 wood, leather, paper and everything else. It sells for twen- 
 ty-five cents an ounce; by keeping it secret Spaulding has 
 made a fortune out of it; read his advertisement. Truly 
 it is a young fortune to a good peddler. 
 
56 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 PATENT BLACKING.— One gallon Alcohol, one ounce 
 Sulphuric Acid, one and one-half pounds Gum Shellac; let 
 stand 48 hours, then add one-fourth pound of Ivory Black. 
 Let stand 24 hours, then carefully pour off the top : this is 
 ready for use, and is water proof. This recipe costs $50 ; 
 is for the polish of all leather. It sells in four ounce bottles 
 at $1 per bottle. 
 
 STENCIL CUTTING. — Take a thin copper or brass 
 plate, lay flat on the side, then take a sharp edged steel, 
 write thereon the same as common writing, but press suffi- 
 ciently hard to cut through the plate. To mark, lay the 
 plate thus cut upon the cloth, and apply ink by means of a 
 brush to the back of the plate, and it will wet the cloth 
 where the cut is made by the writing. A little practice will 
 enable a person to cut beautifully. There is money to be 
 made at this. Sorflfe make $10 a day. 
 
 GLUE FOR CEMENTING PAPER AND LEATHER. 
 — Take Isinglass and Parchment each one ounce. Sugar 
 Candy and Gum Tragacanth each two drachms, add to them 
 one ounce Water, and boil the whole together till the mix- 
 ture appears (when cold) of the consistency of Glue ; then 
 pour it into any form you please. If this glue be wet with 
 the tongue, and rubbed on the edge of paper, silk or leather 
 that are to be cemented, they will, on being laid together, 
 pressed tightly and suffered to dry, be as firmly united as 
 other parts of the substance. It is fine to seal letters. 
 
 NEW ENGLAND SOAP.— Take three pounds of hard, 
 white soap, shave it up fine, dissolve it in ten quarts boiling 
 water ; add one ounce Salts of Tartar, three ounces Borax; 
 then take the same from the fire and set it away to cool; as 
 soon as it becomes cool enough to bear your hand in, add 
 one ounce liquid Ammonia ; stir each article as you 
 put it in. 
 
 TO HARDEN WOOD —One often desires to impart the 
 hardness of Oak-to shutters, doors, etc., made of soft wood. 
 This is easily done by giving them a first coating of common 
 gray paint, and then sifting some very fine sand over iU 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 57 
 
 When dry a coat of paint is laid on, after which the surface 
 becomes so hard that it will resist the action of sun and rain, 
 for many years without undergoing the slightest alteration. 
 
 WASHING FLUID— Two pounds crude Potash, one 
 ounce Sal Ammoniac, one-half ounce Saltpeter, two gallons 
 Rain Water, one pint for eight gallons of Water, and one 
 pound Soap. Put the clothes to soak over night and rinse 
 in the morning. This has been sold for $5 for some time. 
 
 LIQUID CEMENT. — Cut Gum Shellac in 70 per cent. 
 Alcohol, put it in vials, and it is ready for use. Apply it to 
 the edge of the broken dish with a feather, and hold it in a 
 spirit lamp as long as the cement will simmer, then join to- 
 gether evenly, and when cold the dish will break in another 
 place first, and is as strong as new. 
 
 TO CLEAN WINE DECANTERS.— Use a little Pearl 
 Ash or Soda, and some Cinders and Water. Rinse them 
 out with water. 
 
 TO CLEAN CHINA. — Use a little of Fuller's Earth, 
 and Soda or Pearl Ash with Water. 
 
 BURNING FLUID.— Four quarts Alcohol, one pint Spir- 
 its of Turpentine ; mix well. It is the best in use. 
 
 FLY POISON.— Sugar half ounce, half ounce thoroughly 
 ground Black Pepper. Make it to thin paste and place it 
 on paper where the flies do congregate. 
 
 FURNITURE POLISH. — Best Vinegar one pint. Tur- 
 pentine half pint. Mix and apply with a brush. 
 
 PATENT SOAP.— Half pint Turpentine, three pints Sal 
 Soda, three pounds grease, two pounds Resin Soap, forty 
 gallons Water. Boil one hour and it is fit for use. This is 
 a great soap. Keep it to yourself. 
 
 RAT, MOUSE AND ROACH EXTERMINATOR.— 
 One pint Alcohol, one-fourth ounce Cayenne Pepper, one 
 ounce powdered Anise Seed, one-fourth ounce Saltpeter^ 
 one-fourth ounce White Lead, four ounces Essence of Hops. 
 Steam this slowly for an hour, then add thirty drops Quas- 
 sia. Let stand 48 hours, and add one gallon of Water; bot- 
 
58 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 tie for use. To use, saturate bread, meat, etc., and lay it in 
 their frequented places. In two nights not one will be seen. 
 It sells for $1.00 per 4 ounce bottle ; or drive them away 
 yourself for §5 a farm or $2 a house. 
 
 TO CLEAN BRITIANNIA WARE.— Britiannia ware 
 should be washed with a woolen cloth and sweet oil, then 
 washed in water and suds, and rubbed with soft leather and 
 whiting. Thus treated it will retain its beauty to the last. 
 
 THE ART OF PAINTING ON GLASS.— The only differ- 
 ence between ordinary painting and painting on glass is, 
 that in the latter all transparent colors are used instead of 
 opaque ones and the color is ground up with Turpentine 
 and Varnish instead of Oil. In painting upon glass it is 
 necessary to place the picture between the artist and the 
 light to enable him to see the effect, the light having the 
 property of casting a yellowish tinge upon all colors so ex- 
 posed. To persons having a knowledge of coloring, this art 
 is easily learned, and affords a handsome remuneration. 
 
 OIL PASTE FOR BLACKING BOOTS AND SHOES.— 
 Two ounces Oil of Vitriol, four ounces Tanner's Oil, mix 
 and let stand forty-eight hours, then add five ounces 
 Molasses and one pound Ivory Black; stir well and then 
 put up for sale. This has been the fortune of Mason, of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 CRYSTAL CEMENT.— Dissolve one pound of White 
 Glue in one and one-half pints of hot water, then cut one 
 ounce Gum Shellac in one and one-half pints Alcohol, and 
 mix with the glue, then stir in two ounces of dry White 
 Lead, and add one ounce of Turpentine. This makes the 
 best cement of anything that has been discovered. It will 
 stand heat, and articles will break in another place sooner 
 than where put together. This is a fortune to an enterpris- 
 ing man. 
 
 FOR CLEANING MARBLE.— Muriatic Acid two lbs., 
 Acetic Acid one-half lb.. Verdigris one quarter ounce. Mix 
 and apply with a brush. Wash the stone after with sponge 
 and water. After the stone is clean rub it smooth with 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 59 
 
 Pumice Stone, keeping it wet with water. After some little 
 practice you can clean an old, dirty tombstone so that a 
 marble cutter cannot detect it from being new work. 
 
 A NEW ART, OR THE LIGHTNING INTEREST 
 RULES. — Reduce the whole time to months and set it 
 down in figures; divide the number of days by three, 
 and set the quotient down to the right of the months, and 
 multiply that by the quotient of the money divided by two; 
 the answer will be the interest at six per cent. To change 
 to any other rate, multiply the interest by it and divide by 
 six. $160— one year, seven months, twenty-one days, at six 
 per cent. $160— 2— $80x197— $16.76 at 6. 
 
 Parties in New York are teaching this rule at $5 a scholar. 
 
 BOTTLE WAX.— Black.— Black Resin six and one-half 
 pounds, Beeswax one-half pound, finely powdered Ivory 
 Black one and one-half pounds. Melt together. Red. — 
 As the last, but substitute \'enctian Red or Red Lead for 
 the Ivory Black. 
 
 LIQUID MUCILAGE.— Fine clean Glue one pound. 
 Gum Arabic ten ounces, Water one quart. Melt by heat in 
 glue kettle or water bath; when entirely melted, add slowly 
 ten ounces strong Nitric Acid, set off to cool. Then bottle, 
 adding a couple of cloves to each bottle. 
 
 BLUING FOR CLOTHES.— Take one ounce of soft 
 Prussian Blue, powder it and put in a bottle with a quart of 
 clear Rainwater, and add one-fourth ounce of Oxalic Acid. 
 A teaspoonful is sufficient for a large washing. 
 
 SWAIN'S VERMIFUGE.— Wormseed two ounces. Val- 
 erian, Rhubarb, Pink-Root, White Agaric, of each 1^ 
 ounce. Boil in sufScient water to yield three quarts of 
 decoction and add to it 30 drops of Oil of Tansy and 45 
 drops of Oil of Cloves; dissolve in a quart of rectified spir- 
 its. Dose one tablespoonful at night. 
 
 TO MAKE PADS.— A piece of fine Woolen Cloth sat- 
 urated with ink, makes an excellent pad, but it is cus- 
 tomary to place sheet cotton underneath and muslin over 
 the cloth, bringing the muslin down around the edges and 
 
60 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 fasten by tacking on a binding of Tin or Morocco Leather 
 strips. 
 
 TO MAKE WAX FLOWERS.— The following articles 
 will be required to commence wax work : two pounds White 
 Wax, one-fourth pound Hair Wire, one bottle Carrnine one 
 Ultramarine Blue, one bottle Chrome Yellow, two bottles 
 Chrome Green, No. 1, two bottles Chrome Green No. 2, 
 one bottle each of Rose Pink, Royal Purple, Scarlet 
 Powder and Balsam Fir, two dozen sheets White Wax. 
 This will do to begin with. Now have a clean tin 
 dish, and pour therein a quart or two of water ; then 
 put in about one pound of the White Wax, and let it 
 boil. When cool enough, so the bubbles will not form on 
 top, it is ready to sheet, which is done as follows : Take 
 half a window pane, 7x9, and after having washed it clean, 
 dip into a dish containing weak soap-suds ; then dip into 
 the Wax, and draw out steadily, and plunge it into the suds, 
 when the sheet will readily come off. Lay it on a cloth or 
 clean paper to dry. Proceed in like manner until you have 
 enough of the white ; then add enough of the green powder 
 to make a bright color, and heat and stir thoroughly until 
 the color is evenly distributed, then proceed as for sheeting 
 white wax. The other colors are rubbed into the leaves 
 after they are cut out, rubbing light or heavy according to 
 shade. 
 
 For patterns you can use any natural leaf, forming the 
 creases in wax with thumb nail or needle. To put the 
 flowers together, or the leaves on the stem, hold in the hand 
 until warm enough to stick. If the sheeted wax is to be 
 used in summer, put in a little Balsam of Fir to make it 
 hard. If for winter, none will be required. 
 
 You can make many flowers without a teacher, but one to 
 assist in the commencement would be a great help, though 
 the most particular thing about it is to get the wax sheeted. 
 The materials I have suggested can be procured at any 
 drug store, and will cost from S3.00 to $4.50. 
 
 PORTABLE LEMONADE.— Tartaric acid one ounce, 
 White Sugar two pounds, Essence of Lemon one-fourth 
 
MISCLLLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 61 
 
 ounce; powder and keep dry for use. One dessert spoonfui 
 will make a glass of lemonade. 
 
 TO NEUTRALIZE WHISKY TO MAKE VARIOUS 
 LIQUORS. — To forty gallons of Whisky add one and one- 
 half pounds unslacked Lime, three-fourths of a pound of 
 (*l.um, and one-half pint Spirits of Nitre. Stand twenty- 
 tour hours and draw it ofi. 
 
 MADEIRA WINE.— To four gallons prepared Cider, add 
 one-fourth pound Tartaric Acid, four gallons of Spirits, 
 three pounds Loaf Sugar. Let stand ten days, draw it off 
 carefully. Fine it down, and again rack it in another cask. 
 
 SHERRY WINE.— To forty gallons prepared Cider add 
 two gallons Spirits, three pounds of Raisins, six gallons 
 good Sherry and one-half ounce Oil of Bitter Almonds, dis- 
 solved in Alcohol. Let it stand ten days, draw it off care- 
 fully. Fine it down, and again rack it in another cask. 
 
 ARTIFICIAL HONEY.— Take eight pounds of White 
 Sugar, add two quarts of Water, boil four minutes, then add 
 one pound of Bee's Honey. Strain while hot. Flavor with 
 a drop of Oil of Peppermint and a drop of the Oil of Rose. 
 
 PORT WINE. — To forty gallons prepared Cider add six 
 gallons good Port Wine, ten quarts Wild Grapes, clusters, 
 one-half pound bruised Rhatany Root, three ounces Tinc- 
 ture of Kino, three pounds Loaf Sugar, two gallons Spirits. 
 Let this stand ten days. Color, if too light with Tincture of 
 Rhatany, then rack it off and fine it. This should be 
 repeated until the color is perfect and the liquid clear. 
 
 CLEANING COMPOUND.— Mix one ounce of Borax 
 and one ounce Gum Camphor with one quart of boiling 
 water. When cool add one pint of Alcohol, bottle and cork 
 tightly. When wanted for use, shake well and sponge the 
 garments to be cleaned. This is an excellent mixture for 
 cleaning soiled black cashmere and woolen dresses, coat 
 collars and black felt hats. 
 
 SHAVING SOAP,— Good white Soap in fine shavings, 
 three pounds ; Balm Soap, one pound ; Soft Water, three- 
 fourths of a pound ; Soda, one ounce. Melt carefully over 
 
62 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 a slow fire in an earthen vessel ; then add Oil of Lavender 
 sixty drops, Oil of Lemon forty drops ; mix well and make 
 into forms, 
 
 LEATHER CEMENT.— Take Gutta Percha cut in 
 Chloroform to right consistency for use. Equal to Cook's 
 best for putting patches on leather, cloth shoes or bootSi 
 Well worth $100. 
 
 TO FASTEN PAPER TO TIN.— Take good clear pale 
 yellow Glue, break it into rather small pieces, and let it 
 soak a few hours in cold water. Pour off the supernatant 
 water, place the glue thus softened in a wide-mouthed bot- 
 tle ; add sufficient Glacial Acid to cover the Glue, and 
 facilitate the solution by standing the bottle in warm water. 
 This Acetic will stick almost anything. 
 
 HUNTERS' AND TRAPPERS' SECRET.— Take equal 
 parts of Oil of Rhodium, Anise Oil, Sweet Oil and Honey, 
 and mix well. Put a few drops on any kind of bait. For 
 musk-rats use sweet apples or vegetables for bait. For 
 mink use a chicken's head or a piece of fresh meat. 
 
 FIRE KINDLERS.— To make very nice fire kindlers 
 take Resin, any quantity, and melt it, putting in for each 
 pound being used two or three ounces of Tallow, and when 
 all is hot stir in Pine Sawdust to make very thick, and while 
 yet hot spread it out about one inch thick, upon boards 
 which have fine Sawdust sprinkled upon them to prevent it 
 from sticking. When cold break up into lumps about an 
 inch square. But if for sale take a thin board and press 
 upon it while yet warm, to lay it off into inch squares. This 
 makes it break regularly, if you press the crease sufficiently 
 deep. Grease the marked board to prevent it sticking. 
 
 RED SEALING WAX.— Purchase four pounds Shellac, 
 one and one-half pounds Venier Turpentine, three pounds 
 finest Cinnabar, and four ounces Venetian ; mix the whole 
 well together and melt over a very slow fire. Pour it on a 
 thick, smooth glass, or any other flat smooth surface, and 
 make it into three, six or ten sticks. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 6S 
 
 FURNITURE POLISH.— Equal parts Sweet Oil and 
 Vinegar and a pint of Gum Arabic finely powdered. Shake 
 the bottle and apply with a rag. It will make furniture 
 look as good as new. 
 
 BLACK SEALING WAX.— Purchase the best Black 
 Resin three pounds, Beeswax one-half pound, and finely 
 powdered Ivory Black one pound. Melt the whole together 
 over a slow fire, and make it into sticks. 
 
 CEMENT FOR LEATHER.— Virgin India Rubber dis- 
 solved in Bisulphide of Carbon. Add Bisulphide until of 
 proper consistency to apply. After applying hold a moder- 
 ately warm iron over the patch. 
 
 AROMATIC SCHIEDAM SCHNAPPS, to imitate.— To 
 twenty-five gallons good common Gin, five over proof, add 
 fifteen pints strained Honey, two gallons clear Water, five 
 pints White Sugar Syrup, five pints Spirits of Nutmeg, 
 mixed with Nitric Ether, five pints Orange Flower Water, 
 seven quarts pure Water, one ounce Acetic Ether, eight 
 drops Oil of Wintergreen dissolved with the Acetic Ether. 
 Mix all the ingredients well ; if necessary, fine with Alum 
 and Salt of Tartar. 
 
 CHAMPAGNE CIDER.— Good Cider, pale, one hogs- 
 head, Spirits three gallons. Honey or Sugar twenty pounds. 
 Mix and let them stand for two weeks ; then fine with 
 skimmed Milk one-half gallon. This will be very pale, and 
 a similar article, when bottled in champagne bottles and 
 silvered and labeled, has often been sold to the ignorant for 
 champagne. 
 
 CIDER WITHOUT APPLES.— To one gallon of cold 
 Water add dark brown Sugar one pound. Tartaric Acid 
 one-half ounce, Yeast three tablespoonfuls. Shake well 
 together. 
 
 ST. CROIX RUM.— To forty gallons p. or n. Spirits add 
 two gallons St. Croix Rum, two ounces Acetic Acid, one 
 and one-half ounces Butyric Acid, three pounds Loaf 
 Sugar. 
 
64 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALE&. 
 
 IRISH OR SCOTCH WHISKY.— To forty gallons 
 proof Spirits add sixty drops Creosote dissolved in one quart 
 of Alcohol, two ounces Acetic Acid, one pound Loaf Sugar. 
 Stand forty-eight hours. 
 
 FRENCH BRANDY.— Pure Spirits one gallon, best 
 l^rench Brandy (or any kind you wish to imitate) one quart, 
 Loaf Sugar two ounces. Sweet Spirits of Nitre one-hall 
 ounce, a few drops of Tincture of Catechu or Oak Bark, to 
 roughen the taste, if desired, and color to suit. 
 
 ENGLISH GIN.— Plain Malt Spirits one hundred gal- 
 lons. Spirits of Turpentine one pint, Bay Salt seven pounds. 
 Mix and distill. The difference in the flavor of Gin is pro- 
 duced by varying the proportion of Turpentine, and by 
 occasionally adding a small quantity of Juniper Berries. 
 
 FRENCH FURNITURE POLISH.— Alcohol * 98 per 
 cent, one pint. Gum Copal and Shellac of each one ounce, 
 Dragon's Blood. Mix and dissolve by setting in a warm 
 place. 
 
 TO TAKE FAC-SIMILES OF SIGNATURES.— Write 
 your name on a piece of paper, and while the ink is wet 
 sprinkle over it some finely powdered Gum Arabic, then 
 make a rim around it and pour on it some Fusible Alloy in 
 a liquid state. Impressions may be taken from the plates 
 formed in this way by means of printing ink and a copper- 
 plate press. 
 
 CHEMICAL COMPOUND.— Aqua Ammonia two 
 ounces, soft Water one quart, Saltpeter one teaspoonful, 
 Shaving Soap in shavings one ounce. Mix all together. 
 Dissolve the Soap well, and any grease or dirt that can not 
 be removed with this preparation nothing else need be tr'ed 
 for it. 
 
 DISTILLING WHISKY FROM MOLASSES.— Take 
 five gallons of Molasses, mix thoroughly with twenty-five 
 gallons soft Water in a barrel. Stir in one-half gallon 
 Brewer's Yeast ; let it set from five to seven days in a warm 
 place, say 70 degrees. During this time fermentation will 
 proceed, which is known by a bubbling sensation. When 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DErARTMKNT. 65 
 
 this subsides it is ready for distilling. To distill use a 
 common washing boiler, with the top well closed and a hole 
 in the same, or thimble soldered on for the steam to pass 
 through a pipe. Connect a tin pipe, say two inches in 
 diameter and ten feet long with a short elbow end to the 
 boiler ; let tlie other end incline downward. Fill the boiler 
 one-half full of the fermented wort, boil slowly and regu- 
 larly until there is no taste of spirits left. The atmosphere 
 condenses the steam. In this case if it should not entirely 
 condense it lengthen or enlarge the pipe. The liquid thus 
 obtained is low wines, and to use the same process of run- 
 ning proof spirits can be obtained. To continue this daily 
 any given amount of molasses, etc., can be mixed, say one 
 barrel each day. Five quarts can be obtained from four 
 quarts of common molasses. 
 
 INK POWDER.— Powdered Nut Galls four ounces, 
 Copperas three ounces. Logwood one ounce, Gum Arabic 
 one-half once. Sufificient for one quart of water. 
 
 FLORIDA WATER.— Dissolve in one-half gallon of 90 
 per cent. Alcohol, one ounce each of Oil of Lavender, Oil 
 of Bergamot and Oil of Lemon and Oil of Cloves and Cinna- 
 mon, one drachm each ; add one gallon of Water and filter, 
 
 MOLASSES CANDY.— Boil Molasses over a moderately 
 hot fire, stirring constantly. When you think it is done 
 drop a little on a plate, and if sufficiently boiled it will be 
 hard. Add a small quantity of Vinegar to render it brittle 
 and any flavoring ingredient you prefer. Pour in buttered 
 tin pans. If nuts are to be added strew them in the pans 
 before pouring out the candy. 
 
 TO MAKE EGGS OF PHARAOH'S SERPENTS.— 
 Take Mercury and dissolve it in moderately diluted Nitric 
 Acid by means of heat, take care, however, that there be 
 always an excess of Metallic Mercury remaining. Decant 
 the solution, and pour it in a solution of Sulphocyanide of 
 Ammonia or Potassium, which may be bought at a good 
 drug store or of a dealer in chemicals. Equal weights of 
 both will answer. A precipitate will fall to the bottom o£ 
 
66 ONE THOUSAND SF.CRETS REVEALED. 
 
 the beaker or jar, which is to be collected on a filter, and 
 washed two or three times with water, when it is put in a 
 warm place to dry. Take for every pound of this material 
 one ounce of Gum Tragacanth, which has been soaked in 
 hot water. When the gum is completely softened, it is to 
 be transferred to a mortar, and then pulverized and dried 
 precipitate gradually mixed with it, by means of a little 
 water, so as to present a somewhat dried pill mass, from 
 which, by hand, pellets of the desired size are formed, put 
 on a piece of glass, and dried again. They are then ready 
 for use. 
 
 BOOT AND SHOE BLACKING.— Ivory Black one 
 pound. Molasses two ounces, Olive Oil four ounces, Oil of 
 Vitriol four ounces. Alcohol eight ounces. Rye Flour one 
 pound. Mix them together in a kettle. 
 
 ANGLER'S SECRET, No. L— Mix the juice of Lovage 
 or Smellage with any kind of bait. 
 
 No. 2. — Mullen Seed pulverized and mixed with dough, 
 and sprinkled on the surface of still water, intoxicates fish 
 and makes them turn up on the top of the water. 
 
 BRISTOL'S TOOTH POWDER.— Prepared Chalk one 
 pound, Castile Soap one-half pound, powdered Yellow Bark 
 two ounces, powdered Gum Myrrh two ounces, powdered 
 Loaf Sugar two ounces, powdered Orris two ounces ; mix 
 intimately, after having first pulverized the Castile Soap. 
 
 ROYAL WASHING POWDER.— Mix any quantity of 
 Soda Ash with an equal portion of Carbonate of Soda — ordi- 
 nary Soda— crushed into coarse grains. Have a thin solu- 
 tion of Glue, or decoction of Linseed Oil ready, into which 
 pour the Soda until quite thick. Spread it out on boards in 
 a warm apartment to dry. As soon as dry, shake up well, 
 so that it will pack easily into nice square packages. Label 
 neatly. Pound packages cost seven cents ; retails for 
 thirty-five cents. 
 
 EGYPTIAN CEMENT.— For mending china, glass or 
 woodenware : Take one pound of the best White Glue, 
 one-half pound dry White Lead, one quart soft Water, one- 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 67 
 
 half pint Alcohol. Put the three first articles in a dish, and 
 that dish in a pot of boiling water. Let it boil until dis- 
 solved, then add the Alcohol, and boil again until mixed. 
 A little Camphor should be added, to preserve it and dis- 
 guise its composition. Put in small bottles ; 25 cents each. 
 
 "HANDY" WATER PENS.— Take best quality violet 
 Analine, reduce to a thick paste with water; then add 
 Mucilage and mix thoroughly. Apply the paste thus made 
 to the pen, and let it dry twelve hours. Any steel pen may 
 be prepared in this way. We always keep in stock the best 
 \ioIet Analine, also a large stock of pens. 
 
 DiRKCTiONS FOR UsiN'G. — Start action by dipping into 
 water up to filling. If pen should be greasy, wet point with 
 the tongue. To make the ink flow thick, dip to the filling, 
 if wanted tiiin or pale, dip only to the eye of pen after start- 
 ing. After using throw the water off, but don't wipe it, for 
 it will dry in a minute. 
 
 ARTIFICIAL OYSTERS.— Grate green corn in a dish; 
 to one pint of this add one egg well beaten, small teacup of 
 flour, half a cup of butter salt and peper ; mix well together, 
 and fry them brown. 
 
 PASTE THAT WILL NOT SOUR.— Dissolve one-half 
 of an ounce of Alum in a pint of boiling Water, add an 
 equal weight of Flour, made smooth in a little cold water, 
 and a few drops of Oil of Cloves, and let the whole come to 
 a boil. Put it into glass or ointment jars. It will keep for 
 months 
 
 ESSENCES are made with one ounce of any given oil 
 added to one pint of Alcohol. Peppermint is colored with 
 Tincture Turmeric, Cinnamon with Tincture Red Saunders, 
 Wintergreen with Tincture Kino. 
 
 TINCTURES are made with one ounce of gum, root, or 
 bark, etc., dried, to each pint of proof spirits, and let it stand 
 one week and filter. 
 
 OLEOMARGARINE MANUFACTURE.— The process 
 by which suet is converted into the substance called oleo- 
 margarine is as follows: The crude suet after first being 
 
68 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 washed in cold water is "rendered," melted, and then drawn 
 off into movable tanks. The hard substance is subjected to 
 a hydraulic pressure of 350 tons, and the oil extracted. The 
 butter is made from the oil thus obtained, while the hard 
 substance remaining is disposed of as stearine. The oil, 
 being carried off into churns, is mixed with milk and from 
 three to five per cent, of dairy butter. It is then drawn off 
 into a consistent form, and cooled with broken ice. The 
 latter is soon removed, and the butter worked up with a 
 small portion of salt. When this is done the article is ready 
 for packing and consumption. 
 
 SILVER PLATING FLUID.— Take one ounce Precipi- 
 tate Silver to one-half ounce Cyanite of Potash and one- 
 fourth ounce of Hyposulphate of Soda. Put all in a quart 
 of water, add a little Whiting, and shake before using. 
 Apply with a soft rag. Put up in ounce bottles, and retail 
 for 25 cents. The secret is worth $100 to an agent to sell to 
 families. 
 
 MUCILAGE FOR LABELS. — Dextrine two ounces. 
 Glycerine one drachm. Alcohol one ounce, water six ounces. 
 
 FIG CANDY. — Take one pound of Sugar and one pint 
 of Water, set over a slow fire. When done add a few drops 
 of Vinegar and a lump of Butter, and pour into a pan in 
 which Figs are laid. 
 
 RAISIN CANDY. — Can be made in the same manner, 
 substituting stoned raisins for the Figs. Common Molasses 
 Candy is very nice with any kind of nuts added. 
 
 PEPPERMINT, ROSE, or HOARHOUND CANDY.— 
 These may be made as Lemon Candy. Flavor with Essence 
 of Rose, or Peppermint, or finely powdered Hoarhound. 
 Pour it out in a buttered paper, placed in a square tin pan. 
 
 COLOGNE. — Take one gallon 95 per cent. Alcohol or 
 Cologne Spirits, two ounces Oil of Bergamot, one-half ounce 
 Orange, one half ounce Oil of Cedar, one-half drachm Oil 
 of Nevio, one-half drachm Oil Rosemary. Mix well and it 
 is fit for use. A nice article. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 69 
 
 BAY RUM, EQUAL TO THE REST IMPORTED.— 
 Oil of Bay, fine, one and one-half drachms, Oil of Neroli 
 (bigard) ten drops. Ether Acetic two drachms, Alcohol 
 deod. (strong) three pints. Water, two and one-fourth pints, 
 Caromcl sufficient to tinge. Let it stand two weeks and 
 filter. 
 
 COPYING PAD.— White Gelatine four ounces. Water 
 eight ounces, Glycerine eight ounces, Gum Dextrine two 
 ounces. Always use these same proportions for any amount. 
 Melt the Gelatine in the water at a gentle heat, add to it the 
 Glycerine, in which the Gum Dextrine has been thoroughly 
 incorporated. Now stir all together until thoroughly mixed 
 and then pour into pans of the desired size, to the depth of 
 one-half inch. 
 
 Recipe for Ink to be itscd.— Violet Analine forty grains. 
 Gum Arabic twelve grains. Alcohol one-fourth ounce, Water 
 one-half ounce. Dissolve the Gum in the Water and Alco- 
 hol, then add the Analine. Shake in a bottle from time to 
 time until the Analine is dissolved. 
 
 To Work the Copying Pod.— Write with the ink on any 
 good paper, press the written surface on the pad and allow 
 it to remain two minutes; then take off and the writing will 
 remain, from which impressions may be taken by laying on 
 plain paper, and smoothing with the hand. As soon as the 
 last impression is taken be sure and wash off with a wet 
 sponge. 
 
 TO BORE HOLES IN GLASS.— Any hard Steel tool 
 will cut glass with great facility when kept freely wet with 
 camphor dissolved in turpentine. A drill bow may be used, 
 or even the hand alone. A hole bored may be readily en- 
 larged by a round file. The ragged edges of glass vessels 
 may also be thus easily smoothed by a flat file. Flat window 
 glass can readily be sawed by a watch spring saw by aid of 
 this solution. In short the most brittle glass can be wrought 
 almost as easily as brass by the use of cutting tools kept 
 constantly moist with Camphorized Oil of Turpentine. 
 
 TO ETCH UPON GLASS.— Procure several thick, clear 
 pieces of crown glass; and immerse them in Melted Wax, 
 
70 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED, 
 
 SO that each may receive a complete coating, or pour over 
 them a solution of Wax in Benzine. When perfectly cold 
 draw on them with a fine steel point, flowers, trees, liouseg, 
 portraits, etc. Whatever parts of the drawings are intended 
 to be corroded with the acid should be perfectly free from 
 the least particle of wax. When all these drawings are 
 finished the pieces of glass must be immersed one by one 
 in a square leaden box or receiver, where they are to be 
 submitted to the action of Hydroflouric Acid Gas, made by 
 acting on Powdered Flour-Spar by Concentrated Suliihuric 
 Acid. When the glasses are sufficiently corroded, they are 
 to be taken out, and the wax is to be removed by first dip- 
 ping them in warm and then in hot water, or by washing 
 with turpentine or benzine. Various colors may be applied 
 to the corroded parts of the glass, whereby a fine painting 
 may be executed. In the same manner sentences and 
 initials of names may be etched on wine-glasses, tumblers, 
 etc. 
 
 RUBBER HAND STAMPS.— Set up the desired name 
 and address in common type, oil the type, and place a guard 
 about one-half inch high around the form. Now mix Plaster 
 of Paris to the desired consistency, pour in and allow it to 
 set. Have your Vulcanized Rubber all ready, as made in 
 long strips three inches wide and one-eighth of an inch 
 thich, cut off the size of the intended stamp. Remove the 
 plaster cast from the type, and place both the cast and the 
 rubber in a screw press, applying sufficient heat to thor- 
 oughly soften the rubber, then turn down the screw hard, 
 and let it remain until the rubber receives the exact impres- 
 sion of the cast and becomes cold, when it is removed, 
 neatly trimmed with a sharp knife, and cemented to the 
 handle, ready for use. 
 
 COMMON TWIST CANDY.— Boil three pounds of com- 
 mon Sugar and one pint of water over a slow fire for half an 
 hour without skimming. When boiled enough take it off, 
 rub' your hands over with butter; take that which is a little 
 cooled and pull it as you would molasses candy, until it is 
 white; then twist or braid it and cut it up in strips. 
 
MISCEJ T.ANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 71 
 
 STICKY FLY PAPER. Boiled Linseed Oil and Resin; 
 melt and add lioncy. Snak the paper in a strong solution 
 of Alum, then dry before ajjplyiuf^ tlie above. 
 
 KISS-ME-QLUCK. — Spirits one gallon, Essence of Thyme 
 one-fourth ounce, Essence of Orange Flowers two ounces, 
 Essence of Neroli one-half ounce, Otto of Roses thirty drops, 
 Essence of Jasmine one ounce, Essence of Balm Mint one- 
 half ounce, Petals of Roses four ounces. Oil of Lemon 
 twenty drops, Calorous Aromaticus one-half ounce, Essence 
 Neroli one-fourth ounce. Mix and strain. 
 
 HOW TO TEST THE RICHNESS OF MILK.— Pro- 
 cure any long glass vessel — a cologne bottle or long phial. 
 Take a narrow strip of paper, just the length from the neck 
 to the bottom of the phial, and mark it off with 100 lines at 
 equal distances, or into fifty lines, and count each as two, 
 and paste upon the phial so as to divide its length into 100 
 equal parts. Fill it to the highest mark with milk fresh 
 from the cow, and allow it to stand in a perpendicular posi- 
 tion 24 hours. The number of spaces occupied by the cream 
 will give you its exact percentage in the milk without any 
 guess work. 
 
 FINE PEPPERMINT LOZENGES. — Best powdered 
 White Sugar seven pounds, pure Starch one pound. Oil of 
 Peppermint to flavor. Mix with Mucilage. 
 
 HOW TO FASTEN RUBBER TO W^OOD AND 
 METAL. — As rubber plates and rings are now-a-days used 
 almost exclusively for making connections between steam 
 and other pipes and apparatus, much annoyance is often 
 experienced by the impossibility or imperfection of an air- 
 tight connection. This is obviated entirely by employing a 
 cement which fastens alike well to the rubber and to the 
 metal or wood. Such cement is prepared by a solution of 
 Shellac in Ammonia. This is best made by soaking pulver- 
 ized Gum Shellac in ten times its weight of strong Ammonia, 
 when a slimy mass is obtained, which in three or four weeks 
 will become liquid without the use of hot w-^ter. This soft- 
 ens the rubber and becomes, after volatiliz^'^ion of the Am- 
 monia, hard and impermeable to gases and fluids. 
 
72 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 TO TRANSFER PRINTED MATTER AND PRINT 
 FROM IT AGAIN. — Take your picture or print and soak 
 it for a short time in a weak solution of Caustic Potash, then 
 remove it carefully, and let it dry on a sheet of clean paper. 
 Then take a piece of copper, zinc, or steel, which has pre- 
 viously been well cleaned, and dip it into hot white wax. 
 Let the first coat set then dip again. Having got the plate 
 thoroughly coated and set, lay the matter to be transferred 
 on the plate, and rub it gently all over on the back; now 
 raise it up, and it will be transferred on to the wax on the 
 plate. Now take needles of a different thickness, and scrawl 
 all over the wax, following the lines of the engraving. Hav- 
 ing got the picture all traced out, pour upon it some weak 
 acid if you use zinc, which is too soft to print many from, 
 therefore it is better to use copper or steel. If you use cop- 
 per, make the following solution to pour over it: Verdigris 
 four parts. Salt four parts, Sal Ammoniac four parts. Alum 
 one part, Water sixteen parts. Sour Vinegar twelve parts. 
 Dissolve by heat. For steel, use Pyroligneous Acid five 
 parts. Alcohol one part. Nitric Acid one part. Mix the first 
 two, then add the Nitric Acid. Pouring the preparations 
 over the plates where the traces of the pictures are, it will 
 eat into the metal plate without affecting the wax. Let it 
 stand till it has eaten a sufficient depth, then wash the plate 
 with cold water, dry it and place it near the fire till all the 
 wax is melted off. You can now print as many as you please 
 from the plate by rubbing on it printer's ink, so as to fill all 
 the fine spaces; which, when done, wipe it over smoothly 
 with clean cloths to remove the superfluous ink which is-on 
 the face of the plate. Now take damp paper or cardboard, 
 and press it on the plate, either with a copying press or the 
 hand, and you get a fine impression, or as many as you want 
 by repeating the inking process. I would recommend be- 
 ginners to try their skill with valueless prints before attempt- 
 ing to make transfers of fine engravings, as the jjicture to be 
 transferred is destroyed by the process. 
 
 I. X. L. BAKING POWDER.— Take one pound Tar- 
 taric Acid in Crystals, one and one-half pounds Bi-Carbonate 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 73 
 
 of Soda, and one and one-half pounds of potato starch. Each 
 must be powdered separately, well dried by a slow heat, well 
 mixed through a sieve. Pack hard in tinfoil, tin or paper 
 glazed on the outside. The Tartaric Acid and Bi-Carbonate 
 of Soda can of course be bought cheaper of wholesale drug- 
 gists than you can make them, unless you are doing things 
 on a large scale, but Potato Starch any one can make. It is 
 only necessary to peel the potatoes and to grate them up 
 fine into vessels of water, to let them settle, pour ofif the 
 water, and make the settlings into balls, and to dry them 
 With these directions anyone can make as good a baking 
 powder as is sold anywhere. If he wants to make it very 
 cheap, he can take Cream of Tartar and common Washing 
 (Carbonate) Soda, instead of the articles named in the recipe, 
 but this would be advisable only where customers insist on 
 excessively low prices in preference to quality of goods. 
 
 EVERLASTING FENCE POSTS.— I discovered many 
 years ago that wood could be made to last longer than iron 
 in the ground, but thought the process so simple and inex- 
 pensive that it was not worth while to make any stir about 
 it. I would as soon have poplar, basswood, or quaking ash 
 as any other kind of timber for fence posts. I have taken 
 out basswood posts after having been set seven years, which 
 were as sound when taken out as when they were first put 
 in the ground. Time and weather seem to have no effect 
 on them. The posts can be prepared for less than two cents 
 apiece. This is the recipe: Take boiled Linseed Oil and 
 stir it in pulverized Charcoal to the consistency of paint. 
 Put a coat of this over the timber, and there is not a man 
 that will live to see it rot. 
 
 LIQUID GLUE.— To one ounce of Borax in one pint of 
 boiling water, add two ounces of Shellac, and boil until the 
 Shellac is dissolved. 
 
 TO MEND TINWARE BY THE HEAT OF A CAN- 
 DLE.— Take a phial about two-thirds full of Muriatic Acid 
 and put into it little bits of Sheet Zinc as long as it dissolves 
 them; the'' put in a crumb of Sal Ammoniac and fill up with 
 
74 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 water and it is ready to use. Then with the cork of the 
 phial, wet the place to be mended with the preparation; 
 then put a piece of Zinc over the hole and hold a lighted 
 candle or spirit lamp under the place, which melts the solder 
 on the tin, and causes the zinc to adhere without further 
 trouble. Wet the zinc also with the solution; or a littl« 
 solder may be put on instead of the zinc or with the zinc. 
 
 TO WHITEN AND SOFTEN THE HANDS.— Take 
 one-half lb. IMutton Tallow, one ounce Camphor Gum, one 
 ounce Glycerine; melt, and when thoroughly mixed, set 
 away to cool. Rub the hands with this every night. 
 
 A BRANDING INK.— A waterproof branding ink, good 
 for marking sheep: Shellac two ounces. Borax two ounces. 
 Water twenty-four ounces. Gum Arabic two ounces, Lamp 
 Black sufficient. Boil the Borax and Shellac in the water 
 till they are dissolved, and withdraw them from the fire. 
 When the solution becomes cold, complete 25 ounces with 
 water, and add Lamp Black enough to bring the preparation 
 to a suitable consistency. When it is to be used with a 
 stencil it must be made thicker than when it is used with a 
 brush. The above gives black ink. For red ink substitute 
 Venetian Red for Lamp Black; for blue Ultramarine; and 
 for green a mixture of Ultramarine and Chrome Yellow. 
 
 FRENCH POLISH orDRESSING FORLEATHER.— 
 Mix two pints best Vinegar with one pint soft water. Stir 
 into it one-fourth pound Glue, broken up, one-half pound 
 Logwood chips, one-fourth ounce finely powdered Indigo, 
 one-fourth ounce best soft Soap, and one-fourth Isinglass. 
 Put the mixture over the fire, and let it boil ten minutes or 
 more; then strain, bottle and cork. When cold it is fit for 
 use. Apply with a sponge. 
 
 NEW YORK BARBER'S STAR HAIR OIL.— Castor 
 Oil six and one-half pints. Alcohol one and one-half pints, 
 CIi.ronella and Lavender Oil, each one-half ounce. 
 
 BARBER'S SHAMPOOING MIXTURE. — Soft Water 
 one pint, Sal Soda one ounce. Cream Tartar one-fourt^ 
 ouuv-t. Apply thoroughly to the hair. 
 
MISCF.LLANEOUS DEPARTMENT 75 
 
 CRUCIBLES.— The best crucibles are hmc'c ol a ixire 
 fire clay, mixed with finely ground cement of o'.:1 crucibles, 
 and a portion of lilack lead or graphite; some pounded coke 
 may be mixed with the plumbago. The clay should be pre- 
 pared in a similar way as for making pottery ware. The 
 vessels, after being formed, must be slowly dried, and then 
 properly baked in a kiln. 
 
 Black Lead Crucibles are made of two parts of Graphite 
 and one of Eire Clay, mixed with Water into a paste, pressed 
 in moulds, and well dried, but not baked hard in the kiln. 
 This compound forms excellent small or pf)rtable furnaces. 
 
 WHAT TO INVENT.—Cheap, useful articles that will 
 sell at sight. Something that everyone needs, and the 
 poorest can afford. Invent simple things for the benefit of 
 the masses, and your fortune is made. Some years back a 
 one-armed soldier amassed a fortune from a single toy — a 
 wooden ball attached to a rubber string. They cost scarcely 
 anything, yet millions were sold at a good price. A German 
 became enormously rich by patenting a simple wooden plug 
 for beer barrels. " What man has done, man can do." 
 
 HOW TO PROTECT YOUR INVENTION. — Patent 
 it. If you do not, others will reap the benefits that right- 
 fully bel(5ng to you. 
 
 A PATENT IS A PROTECTION given to secure the 
 inventor in the profits arising from the manufacture and 
 sale of an article of his own creation. 
 
 TO WHOM LETTERS PATENT ARE GRANTED.— 
 Section 4886 of the Revised Statutes of the United States 
 provides that : "Any person who has invented or discovered 
 any new and useful art, machine, manufacture or composi- 
 tion of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, 
 not known or used by others in this country, and not paten- 
 ted or described in any printed publication in this or any 
 foreign country, before his invention or discovery thereof, 
 and not in public use, or on sale for more than two years 
 prior to his application, unless the same is proved to have 
 been abandoned, may, upon the payment of the fees required 
 
76 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 by law, and other due proceedings had, obtain a patent 
 therefor." 
 
 And section 4888 of the same Statute enacts : 
 
 " Section 4888. Before any inventor or discoverer shall 
 receive a patent for his invention or discovery, he shalL 
 make application therefor, in waiting, to the Commissioner 
 of Patents, and shall tile in the Patent Office a written des- 
 cription of the same, and of the manner and process of mak- 
 ing, constructing, compounding, and using it, in such full, 
 clear, concise and exact terms, as to enable any person 
 skilled in the art or science to which it appertains, or with 
 which it is most nearly connected, to make, construct, com- 
 pound, and use the same ; and in case of a machine, he shall 
 explain the principle thereof and the best mode in which he 
 has contemplated applying that principle, so as to distin- 
 guish it from other inventions ; and he shall particularly 
 point out and distinctly claim that part, improvement or 
 combination which he claims as his invention or discovery. 
 The specification and claim shall be signed by the inventor, 
 and attested by two witnesses." 
 
 It is also required by law that when " The case admits of 
 drawings," it shall be properly illustrated ; and also, if the 
 Commissioner requires it, that a model shall be furnished in 
 cases capable of such demonstration. 
 
 The cost of obtaining Letters Patent in ordinary cases is : 
 First, Government fees, $15 ; counsel fees, including draw- 
 ings, $25 ; second, or final Government fees, to be paid 
 within six months from date of allowance, $20 ; total, $60. 
 
 DESIGNS. — A design patent can be obtained for novel- 
 ties in the shape or configuration of articles, or impressions 
 by any means whatever. These patents are of great value 
 to the trade. 
 
 The Government fees for a design patent are : 
 
 On filing every application for a design patent $10.00 
 
 On issuing a design patent for 3)4 years no further 
 charge. 
 
 On issuing a design patent for 7 years 5.00 
 
 On issuing a design patent 'or 14 years 20.00 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 1\ 
 
 CAVEATS. — A caveat is a confidential communication 
 filed in the Patent Office, and it consists of a specification, 
 drawings, oath and petition. The specification must contain 
 a clear description of the intended invention. 
 
 HOW A COPYRIGHT IS SECURED. —The method 
 by which a copyright is obtained under the revised 
 acts of Congress is as simple and inexpensive as can 
 be reasonably asked. All unnecessary red tape is dis- 
 pensed with, and the cost to the author who is seeking 
 thus to protect himself in the enjoyment of the profits 
 of his work, is so small as to be scarcely appreciable. 
 This is an example of cheapness and directness toward 
 which all branches of public administration should tend, if 
 a government is to fulfill its proper mission of serving the 
 people without needlessly taxing them. Directions have 
 lately been issued for the guidance of persons wishing to 
 obtain copyrights ; and, as many of our readers may not be 
 conversant with the subject, we give a brief abstract of the 
 process. 
 
 The first thing necessary is to send a printed copy of the 
 title of the work, plainly directed to " Librarian of Congress, 
 Washington, D. C." The copyright law applies not only to 
 books, pamjjhlcts and newspapers, but also to maps, charts, 
 photographs, paintings, drawings, music, statuary, etc. If 
 there is a title page, send that ; if not, a title must be printed 
 expressly for the purpose, and in both cases the name of the 
 author or claimant of copyright must accompany the title. 
 Use no smaller paper than commercial note. 
 
 A remittance of one dollar must be made along with the 
 application. This is the whole charge — half of it being for 
 the entry on the record, and the other half for your certifi- 
 cate, which the Librarian will send you promptly by mail. 
 You will of course prepay your postage. 
 
 Within ten days after your book, or other article, is pub' 
 lished, you are recjuircd to send two complete copies of the 
 best edition to the Librarian, addressed as before, prepaying 
 postage ; or the Librarian will furnish " penalty labels," 
 
?8 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 under which they can be sent free of postage. If this 
 deposit of copies is neglected, the copyright is void, and you 
 are liable to a fine of $25. 
 
 The law requires that on the title page of a copyrighted 
 work, or some part of the drawing, painting, statue, or what- 
 ever it may be, there shall be printed these words : " En- 
 tered according to act of Congress, in the year , by -, 
 
 in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington ;" 
 or, if preferred, this briefer form may be used : " Copy- 
 right, 18— , by ," To this may be added, "Right of 
 
 translation reserved," or " All rights reserved ;" but in that 
 case the Librarian must have been duly notified, so that he 
 may include it in the record. 
 
 Any person who prints the copyright notice on his work 
 without having obtained a copyright, is liable to a penalty 
 of $L00. The original term of a copyright runs for twenty- 
 eight years, and it may then be renewed for a further term 
 of fourteen years, either by the author or by his widow or 
 children, application being made not less than six months 
 before the expiration of the right. Trade marks and labels 
 cannot be copyrighted under this law, but are provided for 
 by a separate act, relating to matters of detail, which can- 
 not here be recited, but in regard to which, the Librarian at 
 Washington will give the needed information whenever 
 required. 
 
 TRADE MARKS, LABELS, PRINTS, ETC. — Copy- 
 rights cannot be granted upon trade marks, nor upon mere 
 names of companies or articles, nor upon prints or labels 
 intended to he used with any article of manufacture. If 
 protection for such names or labels is desired, application 
 must be made to the Patent Office, where they are regis- 
 tered at a fee of $<> for labels, and $25 for trade marks. 
 
 By the word "label" is meant a slip of paper, or other 
 material, to be attached to manufactured articles, or to pack- 
 ages containing them, and bearing the name of the manu- 
 facturer, directions for use, etc. 
 
 By the word " print " is meant any device, word, or figures 
 (not a trade mark) impressed directly upon the article, to 
 denote the name of the manufacturer, etc. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 
 
 n 
 
 WATER ICES. — Some make these with acid, water, 
 flavor, and the whites of eggs. No good. 
 
 The best rules for the amount of sugar is to suit your 
 taste. 
 
 FRANGIPANNI.— Spirits one gallon, Oil Bergamot one 
 ounce. Oil of Lemon one ounce; macerate for four days, 
 frequently shaking ; then add Water one gallon. Orange 
 Flower Water one pint, Essence of Vanilla two ounces. 
 Mix. 
 
 SILVERING POWDER.— Nitrate of Silverand common 
 Salt, of each thirty grains, Cream of Tartar three and one- 
 half drachms. Pulverize finely, mix thoroughly, and bottle 
 for use. Unequaled for polishing copper and plated goods. 
 
 EXTRACT OF LEMON.— Three ounces Oil Lemon ; 
 cut with 95 proof Alcohol ; add one gallon 80 proof Alcohol, 
 and filter through cotton or felt. Put up in two ounce 
 bottles. Sells for 25 cents ; jobs at $1.00 and §1.50. accord- 
 ing to quality and style of package. 
 
 BALM OF A THOUSAND FLOWERS. — Deodorized 
 Alcohol one pint, nice white Bar Soap four ounces ; shave 
 the soap when put in, stand in a warm place till dissolved, 
 then add Oil of Citronella one drachm, and Oils of Neroli 
 and Rosemary, of each one-half drachm. 
 
 TIN CANS.— Size of sheet for from 1 to 100 gallons : 
 
 r 1 gallon. . 
 
 .. 7 by 20 ins. 
 
 25 gallons. . 
 
 ..30 by 56 ins 
 
 B'A " . 
 
 . . 10 by 28 " 
 
 40 " 
 
 ..36 by 63 " 
 
 5 " . 
 
 . . 12 by 40 " 
 
 50 " 
 
 ..40 by 70 " 
 
 6 " . 
 
 ..14 by 40 " 
 
 75 " 
 
 ..40 by 84 " 
 
 10 " . 
 
 ..20 by 42 " 
 
 100 " 
 
 ..40 by 98 " 
 
 15 " . 
 
 ..30 by 42 " 
 
 
 
 This includes all laps, seams, etc., which will be found 
 sufficiently correct for all practical purposes. 
 
 MOULDS AND DIES. — Copper, Zinc and Silver in 
 equal proportions, melt together under a coat of powdered 
 charcoal, and mould into the form you desire. Bring them 
 to nearly a white heat, and lay on the thing you would take 
 
80 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED, 
 
 an impression of, press with sufficient force, and you will 
 get a perfect and beautiful impression. 
 
 INDESTRUCTIBLE LAMP WICKS.— Steep common 
 wicks in a concentrated aqueous solution of Tungstate of 
 Soda, and then dry thoroughly in an oven. 
 
 A GOLD PLATE FOR SMALL ARTICLES, WITH- 
 OUT A BATTERY.— Digest a small fragment of gold with 
 about ten times its weight of mercury until it is dissolved, 
 shake the amalgam together in a bottle, and after cleansing 
 the articles, coat them uniformly with the amalgam. Then 
 expose them on an iron tray heated to low redness for a few 
 minutes. The mercury volatilizes, leaving the gold attached 
 as a thin coating to the article. The heating should be done 
 in a stove, so that the poisonous mercurial fumes may pass 
 up the chimney. 
 
 A GELATINE MOULD FOR CASTING PLASTER 
 ORNAMENTS. — Allow twelve ounces of Gelatine to soak 
 for a few hours in water, until it has absorbed as much as it 
 can, then apply heat, by which it will liquify. If the mould 
 is required to be elastic, add three ounces of Treacle, and 
 mix well with the Gelatine. If a little Chrome Alum (pre- 
 cise proportions are immaterial) be added to the Gelatine, it 
 causes it to lose its property of being again dissolved in 
 water. A saturated solution of Bichromate of Potash 
 brushed over the surface of the mould, allowed to become 
 dry and afterwards exposed to sunlight for a few minutes, 
 renders the surface so hard as to be unaffected by moisture. 
 
 IMITATION OF GROUND GLASS.— The following is 
 from an Antwerp scientific journal. Paint the glass with the 
 following varnishes : Sandarac eighteen drachms, Mastic 
 four drachms, Ether twenty-four ounces. Benzine six to eigh- 
 teen ounces. The more Benzine the coarser the grain of 
 imitation glass will be. 
 
 UNSHRINKABLE PATTERNS.— The best mixture for 
 small patterns, that does not shrink in casting, is sixty-nine 
 parts Lead, fifteen and one-half parts Antimony, fifteen and 
 one-half parts Bismuth, by weight. A cheap kind for fin- 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 81 
 
 ished patterns can be made of ten parts Zinc, one part 
 Antimony, one part Tin. 
 
 TO MAKE ARTIFICIAL MARBLE FOR PAPER 
 WEIGHTS OR OTHER FANCY ARTICLES. — Soak 
 Plaster of Paris in a solution of Alum, bake it in an event 
 and then grind it to a powder. In using, mix it with water, 
 and to produce the clouds and veins stir in any dry color 
 you wish ; this will become very hard, and is susceptible of 
 a very high polish. 
 
 MOULDS OF GLUE AND MOLASSES, SUCH AS 
 RODGERS USES FOR MAKING HIS STATUETTES. 
 — The flexible moulds referred to are prepared as follows : 
 Glue eight pounds. Molasses (New Orleans) seven pounds. 
 Soak the Glue over night in a small quantity of cold water, 
 then melt it by heat over a salt water bath, stir until froth 
 begins to rise, then add and stir in briskly the Molasses pre- 
 viously heated. Continue to heat and stir the mixture for 
 about half an hour ; then pour. 
 
 TO CLARIFY LIQUIDS.— The following composition 
 is said to bleach all colored liquids, and to render bone-black 
 perfectly unnecessary : Albumen three hundred. Neutral 
 Tartrate of Potash two, Alum five, Sal Ammoniac seven 
 hundred parts. The Albumen must of course not be coagu- 
 lated. The ingredients are first dissolved in a little water 
 and then added to the liquid to be clarified. 
 
 TO PREVENT STORE WINDOWS FROM STEAM- 
 ING. — J. F. writes : I am about to have the front show win- 
 dows of my store inclosed with inside windows. Can you 
 tell any way to prevent the outside windows frosting in cold 
 weather? A. Clean the glass occasionally with a cloth 
 moistened with pure Glycerine, wiping it so as to leave only 
 a trace of the Glycerine adhering to the surface — this on the 
 inside. 
 
 ARTIFICIAL INDIA RUBBER.— A cheap and useful 
 substitute for India rubber is prepared by mixing a thick 
 solution of Glue with Tungstate of Soda and Hydrochloric 
 Acid. A compound of Tungstic Acid and Glue is precipi- 
 
82 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 tated, which at a temperature of 86 degrees to 104 degrees 
 F. is sufficiently elastic to admit of being drawn out into 
 very thin sheets. On cooling this mass becomes solid and 
 brittle, but on being heated is again soft and plastic. This 
 new compound can be used for many of the purposes to 
 which rubber is adapted. 
 
 RUBBER STAMPS FOR PHOTOGRAPHS. — Many 
 photographers employ a rubber stamp for imprinting the 
 backs of mounts, and in these circumstances a good ink is 
 very essential. Here is the recipe for making one quoted 
 from the Engineer, and said to yield an excellent ink which, 
 while not drying on the pad, will yet not readily smear when 
 impressed upon paper : Aniline Red (Violet) one hundred 
 and eighty grains, distilled Water two ounces. Glycerine 
 one teaspoonful Treacle one-half teaspoonful. The crystals 
 of Aniline are powdered and dissolved in the boiling dis- 
 tilled water, and the other ingredients then added. 
 
 A GOOD IDEA. — How to Remove Pain Mid Soreness 
 from Wounds. The value of the smoke from burned wool 
 to remove the pain and soreness from wounds of all kinds, 
 or from sores, is great, and it will give immediate relief 
 from the intense pain caused by a gathering. The easiest 
 way to prepare this is to cut all-wool flannel — if you haven't 
 the wool — into narrow strips, take some hot ashes with a few 
 small live coals on a shovel, sprinkle some of the flannel 
 strips on it, and hold the injured member in the smoke for 
 five or ten minutes, using plenty of flannel to make a thick 
 smoke. Repeat as often as seems necessary, though one 
 smoking is usually enough. 
 
 CHILBLAINS.— We glean these two prescriptions from 
 the British Medical Jom-nal. They are now being used in 
 this country, and with good results. Lin. belladonnse two 
 drachms, Lin. aconita one drachm, Acidi carbolici six min- 
 ims, Collod. flexil one ounce. 
 
 Mix and apply every night with a camel's hair pencil. 
 Collod. flexil four drachms, Oleiricini four drachms, Spt. 
 tereb, four drachms. Use three times daily with camel's 
 hair brush. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 83 
 
 SAID TO BE GOOD FOR GRIP.— Anything that 
 affords hope of relief from the Grip is of interest. Pauline 
 Crayson writes from Cranford, N. J., to New York Tribune 
 saying: "I have found peroxide of hydrogen (medicinal) 
 a marvelous remedy in the treatment of grip and influenza. 
 This medicine should be diluted with water and adminis- 
 tered internally, and by snuffing through the nostrils or by 
 spraying the nostrils and throat. I believe the good results 
 from this treatment, which I have never known to fail of 
 producing a speedy cure, are due to the destruction of the 
 microbe upon which this disease depends." The remedy is 
 simple and within the reach of everybody, and can easily be 
 tested. 
 
 STICKS LIKE A BROTHER.— A paste that will adhere 
 to anything. — Prof. Alex. Winchell is credited with the 
 invention of a cement that will sticl< to anything {Nat. Druij.) 
 Take two ounces of clear gum arable, one and one-half 
 ounces of fine starch and one-half ounce of white sugar. 
 Pulverize the gum arable, and dissolve it in as much water 
 as the laundress would use for the quality of starch indi- 
 cated. Dissolve the starch and sugar in the gum solution. 
 Then cook the mixture in a vessel suspended in boiling 
 water until the starch becomes clear. The cement should 
 be as thick as tar and kept so. It can be kept from spoiling 
 by dropping in a lump of gum camphor, or a little oil of 
 cloves or sassafras. This cement is very strong indeed, and 
 will stick perfectly to glazed surfaces, and is good to repair 
 broken rocks, minerals or fossils. The addition of a small 
 amount of sulphate of aluminum will increase the effective- 
 ness of the paste, besides helping to prevent decomposition. 
 
 MOLASSES TAFFY — New Orleans molasses, one pint ; 
 C sugar, one and one-half pounds ; water, one-half pint 
 (no doctor). Stir all the time to a good light snap. Lemon 
 flavor. Work as above. 
 
 CREAM TAFFY.— Same as above. When to the ball 
 degree have ready half cup cidar vinegar, one-fourth pipe 
 cream tartar dissolve in the vinegar, four ounces butter. 
 Add, stir, -and work as you do the white taffy. 
 
S4 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 NUT TAFFY.— Use the cream taffy recipe. Just before 
 the canJy is done cooking stir in any kind of nut goodies, 
 pour out, and when cool enough not to run, form it into a 
 block, cut or break it with a hammer, 
 
 GOOD BROWN BUTTER-SCOTCH.— C sugar, three 
 pounds ; water, one and one-fourth pint ; cream tartar, 
 one full pipe dissolved in one cup cider vinegar ; molasses, 
 one-half pint; butter, eight ounces (no flavor). Add all 
 except the vinegar, cream tartar, and butter. Boil to 
 medium ball, then add the cream tartar in the vinegar and 
 butter. Stir all the time carefully. Boil to light snap tin- 
 ish as before in cheap butter-scotch. 
 
 SOUR LEMON DROPS.— Make a batch of barely 
 squares. Just as soon as you pour it on the slab sprinklfc 
 over 11 three-fourths ounce dry tartaric acid, two tablespootis 
 lemon flavor ; turn the cold edges in to the center of the 
 batch, work it like bread dough ; place this before a hoC 
 stove on your table and cut into little pieces with your scis- 
 sors, or run the batch through a drop machine. 
 
 All goods that you want to spin out or run through ». 
 machine or cut with scissors should be kept warm by s 
 sheet, iron stove, on a brick foundation, fitted in the table 
 evenly, and the candy placed in front to keep warm. 
 
 Should the candy slab, after it is greased, act sticky, not 
 allowing the candy to come up freely, throw a dust of flour 
 over the sticky place after it has been greased. 
 
 STICK CANDY.— Stick candy is made precisely the 
 same as the peppermint clips, by keeping the batch round, 
 and a second person to twist them and keep them rolling 
 until cold. This can be done only by practice. The sticks 
 are then chopped in the desired length by heavy shears. 
 
 STRAWBERRY.— Same, only flavor with strawberry; 
 color with liquid coloring lightly. 
 
 MAPLE CARAMELS.— Use one-half maple sugar with 
 C sugar. No flavor. 
 
 WALNUT CARAMELS. —Same as the first. When 
 done, stir in sufficient nuts to suit. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 85 
 
 A better caramel can be made with white su^ar, and 
 milk instead of water. 
 
 Still better, by using cream one quart, and when cream 
 cannot be had, condensed milk dissolved in milk works line. 
 
 ALMOND BARS.— Same as peanut, only add the Al- 
 mond nuts in time to allow them to roast a little in the 
 boiling sugar. One-fourth of a pint of New Orleans syrup 
 added to the boiling sugar improves the flavor and color. 
 
 CHOCOLATE COATING.— Can use sweet confection- 
 ers', or confectioners' i)lain (never use the quarter and one- 
 pound grocery packages, as it contains too much sugar to 
 melt good). Place a small piece of paraffine the size of a 
 hickory-nut and one small teaspoon of lard in a rice cooker, 
 melt, add one-half pound of chocolate, stir until dissolved ; 
 dip balls of cream in this chocolate, drop on wax paper to 
 cool, and you have fine hand made chocolate drops. 
 
 COLD SUGAR ICING. —For dipping cream drops. 
 Confectioner's sugar with the white of eggs and a small 
 amount of dissolved gum Arabic in water. Make this into 
 a batter. If thick, the drops will be rough ; if thin, the 
 drops will be smooth. 
 
 COCOANUT CREAM ICE.— Two pounds granulated 
 sugar, three-fourths pint water, boil to a light crack ; setoff, 
 add four ounces glucose (or the amount of cream tartar you 
 can hold on the point of a penknife); set back on the fire, 
 just let come to a boil to dissolve the glucose ; set off again, 
 add immediately one-fourth ounce shaved paraffine, six 
 ounces cream dough cut up fine, one grated cocoanut. Stir 
 all until it creams, pour out into a frame on brown paper 
 dusted with flour, mark and cut with a knife when cold. 
 
 OPERA CREAMS. — Two pounds white sugar, three- 
 fourths pint cows' cream, boil to a soft ball ; set off, add two 
 ounces glucose ; set on, stir easy until it commences to boil, 
 then pour out, let get three-fourths cold, and stir it until it 
 turns into a cream. Then work into it two tablespoons 
 vanilla, line a pan with wax paper, flatten the batch in it, 
 and mark it in squares. Set aside two hours to harden. 
 
86 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 ITALIAN CREAM OPERAS.— Melt four ounces buttei 
 with four ouuces plain chocolate. Take a batch of tha 
 opera cream ; when cooked, add the above, stir it in the ket- 
 tle until it creams, then pan and work it as you do the 
 operas. 
 
 BUTTER CREAMS.— One and one-half pounds white 
 sugar, and one-half pound C sugar, three-fourths pound 
 glucose, one-fourth pint molasses, one and one-fourth pint 
 water ; boil to the hard snap, add six ounces butter, set off 
 until it melts ; set on and let boil, to well mix the butter; 
 pour out. Have one pound hard cream dough thoroughly- 
 warmed, just so you can handle it. When the batch is cold 
 enough on the stove to handle, place the warm cream 
 lengthwise on the center of it and completely wrap the 
 cream up in it. Place this on your table before your heater, 
 spin out in long strips, have some one to mark them heavy 
 or good. When cold, break where marked. 
 
 BOSTON CHIPS. — Three pounds of white sugar, one- 
 half pipe cream tartar, one and one-fourth pints water ; 
 boil with a lid over it to the hard snap : pour ; pull this only 
 half as much as any otheV candy, for too much pulling takes 
 out all the gloss when done ; flavor it on the hook ; wear 
 your gloves, place it before your heater on the table, flatten 
 out and spin out into thin ribbons, break off and curl them 
 up in little piles. 
 
 Strawberry chips can be made the same way, adding a 
 pinch of cochineal paste. 
 
 DATE OR FIG SQUARES.— Can be made by cutting 
 them fine, scatter them thick over the greased stone, and 
 pour over them a batch of barley square candy. Mark and 
 cut with a knife. 
 
 PINE TREE TAR COUGH CANDY.— First have one 
 tablespoon oil of tar dissolved in two tablespoons of alcohol. 
 
 Cook to a hard snap twenty pounds sugar (white), three 
 quarts water, three pounds glucose ; pour out ; scatter over 
 (while cooling) twenty drops of tar, two tablespoons oil of 
 capsicum, three tablespoons oil of wintergreen ; work all 
 well into the batch (do not pull this on the hook). 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 8T 
 
 Place before your heater on the table and spin it out in 
 large round sticks. Have some one to keep them rolling 
 until cold. Cut into sticks about three and one-half inches 
 long. Wrap them in printed labels. 
 
 DATE AND FIG CREAMS.— Seed dates, cut a piece 
 out of the end V shape, insert a white or pink cream ball, 
 press it in, and stick a clove in the end ; it looks like a pear. 
 
 Cut figs in strips, place the seedy side around a piece of 
 cream dough. The hand made cream can be made into 
 various varieties of candy to suit your fancy. 
 
 FACTORY CREAM DOUGH.— This recipe is worth 
 twenty-five dollars to any candy maker. When the cream 
 is first done it appears flaky and coarse ; but the next morn- 
 ing it is fine, and the longer it sets the better it is. When 
 made up it never gets stale or hard. Never use flour to roll 
 out cream with when you can get the XXX lozenge sugar. 
 Forty pounds granulated sugar, five quarts water ; boil to a 
 stiff ball ; set off ; add quickly twelve pounds of glucose. 
 Do not stir. Set on the fire, let it come to a boil until you 
 see even the scum boiled in (do not allow the glucose to 
 cook in the sugar). Pour out, wait only until you can lay 
 the back of your hand on the top of batch. (Never let it get 
 colder, it is better to cream while hot than cold like other 
 goods). Cream it with two garden hoes, or cream scrapers. 
 Add while creaming one-fourth pint scant measure of gly- 
 cerine. No need of kneading it, scrape into your tub for 
 use. (If A sugar is used the cream is sticky). 
 
 IMITATION HAND-MADE CHOCOLATE.— Take a 
 suitable hand made. Make j'our plaster paris prints. Take 
 a quantity of the above cream, melt in a bath, flavor and 
 mould. Dip. 
 
 A NUMBER ONE CHOCOLATE DROP. — Moulding 
 cream ; granulated sugar, twenty pounds ; water, three 
 quarts. Boiled to a thread, set off, add three pounds of 
 glucose dissolved ; pour, let get cold. Cream, melt, add 
 pinch of glucose to one pint simple syrup ; four tablespoons 
 of glycerine. Stir. Mould. 
 
88 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 CHEAP CHOCOLATES.— Quick work. Make a batch 
 of the above number one. Exactly the same process. 
 After the glucose is dissolved in the batch do not pour out, 
 but add five pounds of the hard factory cream in pieces. 
 Stir, flavor, melt. Set this kettle in a kettle of boiling water, 
 have a boy to stir and watch it ; do not allow it to get so 
 thin as to simmer, only thin enough to run into your starch 
 prints. This cream saves time and labor. 
 
 TO WORK OVER SCRAPS OF CANDY. — To thirty 
 pounds of scraps use one gallon water; stir until it boils; 
 set off, for it would never melt any more by boiling; con- 
 tinue stirring until all is dissolved. Set aside until cold. 
 Skim off the top. This can be worked into hoarhound or 
 dark penny goods, pop-corn bricks, etc. 
 
 TO COOK OVER MAPLE SUGAR.— To sixty pounds 
 oroken up maple, add water (according to the hard or soft 
 grain of the sugar) enough to dissolve. Stir until melted. 
 If the grain was soft, add fifteen pounds granulated sugar; 
 if the hard grain, only add that amount of C sugar. Boil to 
 244 degrees by thermometer, or good ball. Take out some 
 in porcelain sauce pan, grain until cloudy (to make quick 
 work always have a small portion in the same sauce pan 
 for the next stirring). Pour in moulds greased, or put in a 
 tub of cold water. 
 
 ARTIFICIAL MAPLE SUGAR.— Dark C sugar (driest), 
 two pounds ; water, one-third pint ; butter, two ounces, 
 melted ; flavor with maple flavor ; boil to a ball, cream in 
 the pan. Pour before it gets too stiff. 
 
 MOLASSES POP-CORN BALLS.— Always sift your 
 corn after it is popped. For home use, add butter and 
 lemon flavor to your syrup. This is too expensive for retail 
 and factory use, though some use lard sparingly, Boil 
 molasses to a stiff ball, wet your tub, put in your corn ; now 
 with a dipper pour over your candy and stir with a paddle 
 through the corn, wet your hands in cold water, make your 
 balls and wrap in wax paper, twisting the ends close to the 
 balls. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 89 
 
 FOR WHITE OR RED.— Sugar and glucose half and 
 half, water, to melt and boil as above. Work the same. 
 
 To make six hundred bricks a day and pop this corn, put 
 a coarse jsieve in a box or barrel bottom, instead of the 
 natural bottom. Sift your corn. Have your popper made 
 with a swinging wire, hanging from the ceiling down over 
 the furnace to save labor. Have a stout, thick, wide board 
 for the floor of your press ; make a stout frame the width 
 that two brick will measure in length ; as long as twelve 
 bricks are thick, and have your boards six or eight inches 
 wide. Put your frame together ; now make a stout lid of 
 one-inch lumber to fit in your frame ; have four cleats nailed 
 crosswise to make it stout, and a 2 x 4 piece nailed length- 
 wise across the top of these (shorter than the lid is); now for 
 a lever get a hard 2x4, six to eight feet long ; fasten the 
 ends of this lever to the floor giving it six inches of the rope 
 to play in. 
 
 Now you are ready ; wet your flour board and dust it with 
 flour ; do the lid and frame the same. To every thirty 
 pounds melted scraps of candy use two pounds of butter. 
 (You can't cut the bricks without it.) Cook to a hard ball. 
 
 To three-fourths tub of corn, pour three small dippers of 
 Byrup ; pour this when mixed in your frame on the flour 
 board, put on the lid, with the lever press once the center, 
 once each end, and once more the center ; take out the lid, 
 lift the frame, dump out on the table. When two-thirds 
 cool, cut lengthwise with a sharp, thin knife, then cut your 
 bricks off crosswise. 
 
 Penny pop-corn bricks are made the same way. 
 
 CANDY PENNY POP-CORN PIECES.— Cook a batch 
 oi glucose to a light snap, flavor well, pour thin. While hot 
 place your pop-corn sheet hard down on the candy, mark 
 deep cut and wrap. I have put boys on this work in the 
 shop at five dollars a week pay, and knew them to cleat' for 
 the proprietor from five to twenty dollars daily for several 
 months ; one to pop corn, one to cook syrup, one to press, 
 and one to cut them, girls to wr?o and box. 
 
90 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEAI-ED. 
 
 TO SHELL COCOANUTS.— Take the nut -In the left 
 
 hand with the three eyes up ; strike from the nut down with 
 your hatchet ; peel with a knife or spoke shave, cut them 
 into four pieces, cover them with water, set on the turnace, 
 and let come to a good boil. If the nuts are sour, strain 
 and add fresh cold water quickly so as the heat will not 
 darken them, and repeat. If very sour scrape the insides 
 out. Grate them, taking out one piece at a time, as the air 
 does them no good. 
 
 RED CENTER.— Take two-thirds, pour thin ; color the 
 remaining one-third red with the liquor color ; place thi-s on 
 /he half of the two-thirds, and turn the other up over on top, 
 /oil out flat with a roller, cool, cut. 
 
 The same goods cooked to a soft ball may be made into 
 balls to be coated in red sugar after throwing them in hot 
 sugar syrup ; also to be dipped in melted cream, or brown the 
 cocoanut balls on top with burnt sugar. Chocolate glaze 
 cream coating eats well over these goods, or dip the balls as 
 you like. 
 
 FLAVORINGS. — To any kind of oils take eight times in 
 bulk the amount of Alcohol ; stir ; let set in a warm place a 
 short time ; can be used if needed immediately. 
 
 HOME MADE MAPLE SUGAR.— To two pounds of 
 maple (bricks not cakes) 1 pint water, one-third pipe cream 
 cf Tartar (or four ounces of glucose is best) ; boil slow to 
 a smooth degree, cool skim. White sugar can be used. 
 
 To keep molasses from sugaring in the barrel ; when 
 making the molasses, to every barrel add twenty pounds of 
 glucose, stir it in. 
 
 To lighten the color and aid the flavor of rank, dark 
 molasses, do the same as above. To allow molasses to 
 cool slowly makes it dark. It should be stirred lively until 
 cool. 
 
 Also to improve sour, rank molasses, take the molasses, 
 for instance, ten gallons ; take five pounds dry C Sugar, 
 five pounds glucose, water two quarts. Boil the sugar and 
 glucose until thoroughly dissolved ; add the molasses, boil 
 five minutes. You can make fme syrup this way. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 91 
 
 TO MAKE A CANDY HOUSE. — House for a show 
 windotv. Take any desif^n you fancy, of card board. Cut 
 out the windows ; place this on your candy slab. Now 
 with a lead pencil mark out your design, and as many of 
 each piece as you need (it is a good idea to make an extra 
 piece so if you break one you can go ahead). Now take of 
 the icing sugar and fill your paper funnel as if for cake 
 icing, and overline the pencil marks you made on the stone. 
 When done you find you have a frame that will hold hot 
 candy. Boil a batch of Barley Square goods (mentioned in 
 this book), and pour on some in a dipper ; take this and 
 pour in your icing sugar frame or patterns you made on the 
 stone, when half cold, so as not to run ; run a thin knife 
 under them carefully, lift thern and lay them in a different 
 place on the stone ; when you have moulded all cut off the 
 icing sugar that sticks to the candy. Then put your candy 
 house together, sides first, and take pieces of lemon stick 
 candy, dip them in the hot candy, and stick in the bottom 
 and top corners of your house ; hold- them a few seconds 
 to cool, then finish likewise. When done, take your icing 
 sugar and funnel paper and on the outside corners of the 
 candy house put icing sugar and the windows finish the 
 same. Candies, if desired, can be stuck on with the icing 
 sugar, etc. The icing sugar should be stiff for a nice job, 
 and will hide the corners. 
 
 Candy pyramids can be made this way also. 
 
 TO MAKE A DELICIOUS CANDY COCOANUT 
 CAKE. — Have your cake layers cold. Place in your rice 
 steamer one-half grated cocoanut and a chunk of hand- 
 made cream the size of your fist ; stir until mixed and you 
 can spread it ; do not melt it more than necessary. This 
 cake will not dry out if made with factory cream. I gave 
 this recipe to two London practical cake-bakers ; they said 
 it beat any cake recipe they had ever received. 
 
 Put your mind to work and with a little practice you will 
 get up candies of your own invention, from the knowledge 
 you derive here in this book. 
 
92 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 ICE (JREAM.— I will give only the best recipe, my own 
 improvement, as workmen will find all my private recipes 
 in this book to be different from others, as well as first-class. 
 Two quarts thick cream, one pound A sugar, one-fourth 
 ounce French gelatine, yolks of three eggs ; add one quart 
 of the cream and gelatine, set on the fire ; stir ; do not let 
 boil ; melt ; set off, add the eggs and sugar stirred up to- 
 gether with a little of the cream, stirring all the time ; set 
 on, let get hot ; set off, add the other quart of cream ; stir, 
 strain, freeze. Break your ice fine ; use salt from one pint 
 to one quart. Flavor after it is frozen. 
 
 FAIR GROUND LEMONADE. — Take one barrel wa- 
 ter ; dissolve in one quart of warm water twenty-five 
 cents worth citric acid ; dissolve two dollars' worth A sugar 
 in one gallon water. Stir all together. A few cut up pieces 
 of Lemon can be added for appearance sake. 
 
 JAP COCOANUT. — One pound XXX confectioners' 
 sugar, dampened a little ; one ane one-half pounds glucose; 
 stir when cooked to a soft ball ; add all the grated cocoa- 
 nut it will stick together ; boil, stir to the lightest crack. 
 
 LEMON ICE. — Seven lemons, the juice only, juice of 
 three oranges. Take one pint water, dissolve in one-half 
 ounce of French sheet gelatine; then add whites of two eggs, 
 one and one-fourth pounds A sugar, dissolved; add all to- 
 gether with three pints cold water; freeze as for ice cream. 
 Keep machine running briskly until finished. 
 
 ORANGE ICE.— The same by changing the fruit pro- 
 portionately. 
 
 THE ADULTERATIONS USED BY CERTAIN FAC- 
 TORIES.— [Please never try to make use of the following, 
 for I never would print it for that purpose, only to expose 
 the stuff.] 
 
 Grape sugar, which looks like a cheap suet melted, and 
 is so hard as to be chopped with an ax, though it dissolves 
 readily. Terra alba, white clay, which is fine as sugar, and 
 is sieved into cream work or on candy, and worked into it. 
 Rice flour, ground rice mixed into cocoanut goods; cerea- 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 03 
 
 Jlne, ground, prepared corn mixed into cocoanut. Glucose 
 has the name of being an adulteration, thoiiii;h I fail, from 
 seventeen years' experience, to find it such; it contains noth- 
 ing outside of the acid to make it so, and that is in so small a 
 portion as to be harmless. It is an article that is of greater 
 value to man than the inexperienced give it credit for. If 
 I had time I could argue this question satisfactorily to any 
 unprejudiced person. Gamboge is a bad article for candy, 
 yellow, cheap, hurtful color. Ground cocoanut shells are 
 used mostly in adulterating pepper, etc. " Who is to blame 
 for adulterating goods ? " I claim three parties— first, the 
 projirietor; next, candy makers; and next, the ignorant class 
 of people that want sixteen cents' worth of boiled sugar for 
 eight cents, when they do not stop to think it could not pos- 
 sibly be made for less than eight cents, all told. 
 
 Germany and France have strong laws against all adul- 
 terations. Soon America will prohibit the same, and bless 
 God when the day and law we so much need will come. 
 
 HOW TO ORNAMENT CAKES.— You need four cups 
 of confectioners' finest sugar, whites of two eggs. Beat 
 the eggs just a little, add the sugar gradually, juice one 
 lemon; beat this stiff, until the sugar will bend when you 
 hold the paddle up. Now take a sheet of thick writing 
 paper, fold it into a funnel shape, hold it in your left hand; 
 fill this with the icing, prepared as above, about two-thirds 
 full, fold in the top and place both thumbs on it, cut off a 
 little of the small end of the funnel to allow the icing to 
 come out when you press with your thumbs. Next, with a 
 knife, cover your cake with icing sugar smoothly; if it sticks 
 to the knife, wet it a little. Let dry half hour; then with a 
 lead pencil make leaves or designs, and with your paper 
 funnel ice your pencil designs. Colored icing looks well. 
 
 TAKING LEAF PHOTOGRAPHS.— A very pretty 
 amusement, especially for those who have just completed 
 the study of botany, is the taking of leaf photographs. 
 One very simple process is this: At any druggist's get an 
 ounce of Bichromate of Potassium. Put this into a pint 
 bottle of water. When the solution becomes saturated— 
 
94 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 that is, the water is dissolved as much as it will — pcur off 
 some of the clear liquid into a shallow dish; on this float a 
 piece of ordinary writing paper till it is thoroughly moist- 
 ened, let it dry in the dark. It should be a bright yellow. 
 On this put the leaf, under it a piece of black soft cloth 
 and several sheets of newspaper. Put these between two 
 pieces of glass (all the pieces should be of the same size), 
 and with spring clothespins fasten them together. Expose 
 to a bright sun, placing the leaf so that the rays will fall 
 upon it as nearly perpendicular as possible. In a few mo- 
 ments it will begin to turn brown; but it requires from half 
 an hour to several hours to produce a perfect print. When 
 it has become dark enough, take it from the frame, and put 
 it into clear water, which must be changed every few min- 
 utes until the yellow part becomes white. Sometimes the 
 leaf veinings will be quite distinct. By following these 
 directions it is scarcely possible to fail, and a little practice 
 will make perfect. 
 
 CURIOUS THINGS.— 1. To apparently burn water, fill 
 a glass lamp with water, and put into it for a wick a piece 
 of Gum Camphor. The lamp should not be quite full, and 
 the camphor may be left to float upon the surface of the 
 water. On touching a lighted match to the Camphor, up 
 shoots a clear, steady flame, and seems to sink below the 
 surface of the water, so that the flame is surrounded by the 
 liquid. It will burn a long time. If the Camphor be 
 ignited in a large dish of water it will commonly float about 
 while burning. 
 
 2. To change the faces of a group to a livid, deathly 
 whiteness, and to> destroy colors, wet a half teacupful of 
 common salt in Alcohol and burn it on a plate in a dark 
 room. Let the salt soak a few minutes before igniting. 
 The flame will deaden the brightest colors in the room, and 
 the dresses of the company will seem to be changed. Let 
 each one put his face behind the flame, and it will present 
 a most ghastly spectacle to those who stand before it. This 
 is serviceable in tableau where terror of death is to be rep- 
 resented. The change wrought by the flame, when the 
 jnateriala are properly prepared, is very surprising. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT. 95 
 
 3. Wet a piece of thick wrapping paper, then dry near 
 the stove. While dry, lay it down upon a varnished table 
 or dry woolen cloth, and rub it briskly with a piece of India 
 rubber. It will soon become electrified, and if tossed 
 at^ainst the wall or the looking glass will stick some time. 
 Tear tissue-paper into bits, one-eighth of an inch square, 
 and this piece of electrified paper will draw them. Or take 
 a tea-tray and put it on three tumblers. Lay the electric 
 paper on it, and on touching the tray you will get a little 
 spark. Let the paper lay on the tray, and on touching the 
 tray again you will get another spark, but of the opposite 
 kind of electricity. Replace the paper and you get an- 
 other, and so on. 
 
 4. To produce a spectrum, burn magnesium wire in a 
 dark room, and as soon as the flame is extinguished, let each 
 one try to look into the others' faces. The spectrum of the 
 extinguished light is clearly seen. 
 
 MURIATE OF TIN TIN LIQUOR. — If druggists 
 keep it, it is best to purchase of them already made, but if 
 you prefer, proceed as follows : Get at a tinner's shop 
 block tin, put it into a shovel and melt it. After it is melted, 
 pour it from the height of four or five feet into a pail of clear 
 water. The object of this is to have the tin in small parti- 
 cles, so that the Acid can dissolve it. Take it out of the 
 water and dry it; then put it in a strong glass bottle. Pour 
 over it Muriatic Acid twelve ounces, then slowly add 
 sulphuric acid eight ounces. The Acid should be added 
 about a tablespoonful at a time, at intervals of five or 
 eight minutes, for if you add it too rapidly you run the 
 risk of breaking the bottle by heat. After you have all the 
 Acid in, let the bottle stand until the ebullition subsides ; 
 then stop it up with beeswax or glass stopper, and set it 
 away ; and it will keep good for a year or more, or it will 
 be fit for use in twenty-four hours. 
 
 THE CENTENNIAL ILLUMINATING OIL.— Recipe 
 for making one gallon. — Take seven-eights gallon Benzine 
 or crude Petroleum, add to it one half-ounce Gum Camphor, 
 one-half-ounce Alcohol, one-half pint common Salt, one-half 
 
M ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 ounce Oil of Sassafras. Stir and rnix it well for about five 
 minutes. Let it stand for twenty-four hours and it is ready 
 for use. It is better to buy the Benzine from Pittsburgh, 
 Pa., as the druggists usually charge to or three times «^be 
 wholesale price. 
 
CHAPTER VIIL 
 
 COIN DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Complete and standard list of American silver and cop- 
 per coins which command a premium: 
 
 U. S. SILVER DOLLARS. 
 
 1794 
 
 1794 
 1795 
 1796 
 1796 
 1797 
 1797 
 1798 
 1798 
 1798 
 1799 
 1799 
 1800 
 1801 
 1802 
 1802 
 1803 
 
 f 3 ^\ 
 
 Flowing Hair $20 00 
 
 Fine 30 00 
 
 " 1 25 
 
 Fillet head 1 25 
 
 1 60 
 
 " 6 Stars Facing 1 go 
 
 7 " 160 
 
 13 Stars, Small Eagle 1 50 
 
 15 " " " 2 00 
 
 13 Stars, Large Eagle 1 10 
 
 5 Stars Facing 1 49 
 
 \ " .J\ ••••'•• 110 
 
 Spread Eagle 1 15 
 
 " " ..!.!!!.*.* 130 
 
 ,„^, '' 1 30 
 
 over 1801, Spread Eagle 1 35 
 
 Spread Eagle , 135 
 
^ ove T-.'.ouiiANn secrets revealed, 
 
 1804 IlJollak. 
 
 Obverse. Reverse. 
 
 > 404 Excessively Rare $600 00 
 
 lc<40 Liberty Seated 105 
 
 1»41 " " 1 05 
 
 iai4 " " ... 1 05 
 
 1845 " " 1 05 
 
 1848 " « 1 15 
 
 1849 " •• 1 05 
 
 1851 " " 23 00 
 
 1852 " «• 23 00 
 
 1853 " " 1 10 
 
 1854 " «• 2 50 
 
 1855 " « 160 
 
 1856 " •• 1 50 
 
 1857 " •• 150 
 
 1858 " •• 23 00 
 
 1861 •• " 1 05 
 
 1862 " •• 1 05 
 
 1863 •• " 105 
 
 1864 •« " 105 
 
 1865 • " 105 
 
 1866 • •• 105 
 
 1867 • " 105 
 
 1868 • •• 105 
 
 1869 ** " 1 05 
 
 1879 TrWe Dollar 1 05. 
 
 1880 " " 105 
 
 1881 •• •• 105 
 
 1882 «» •• 105 
 
 1883 •• •• 105 
 
 1884 " * 106 
 
COIN DEPARTMcaT. a 
 
 UNITED STATES PATTERN DOLLAItV 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 1836 C. Gobrechfs Name in Field $ 9 00 
 
 1836 Flying Eagle 4 GO 
 
 1838 " " n 60 
 
 1839 " " 13 50 
 
 HAI.K DOLLARS 
 
 fi^^i^^^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 1794 Flowing Hair, Fair S 2 00 
 
 1794 " " Good 3 00 
 
 1795 " " 60 
 
 1796 Fillet Head, 15 Stars 17 50 
 
 1796 " " 16 " 20 00 
 
 1797 " " 15 " 18 00 
 
 1801 " " 2 00 
 
 1802 " " 2 00 
 
 1803 " " 55 
 
 1804 " " 7 50 
 
 1805 " " 55 
 
 1805 over 1804. Fillet Head 60 
 
 1806 Fillet Head, if Extra Fine 56 
 
100 
 
 'ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 1807 Fillet Head, if Extra Fine $0 55 
 
 1807 Head to Left " " 55 
 
 1815 " ." Fair 150 
 
 1815 " " Good 2 00 
 
 1815 " " Fine 2 50 
 
 1820overl819 55 
 
 1836 Liberty Cap, Milled Edge 150 
 
 1836 " " " "' Fine 1 75 
 
 1838 Liberty Cap $12 00 
 
 Having "O" mark underueatli bust, aud meaning New- 
 Orleans Mint, under head like above cut. Ordinary li<381ialf 
 dollars without this mint mark are not wanted. 
 
 1851 Liberty Seated 
 
 1851 " 
 
 " Fine 
 
 1852 " 
 
 " Fair 
 
 1852 " 
 
 '• Good 
 
 1852 " 
 
 " Fine 
 
 1879 " 
 
 " Fine 
 
 55 
 60 
 1 40 
 
 1 75 
 
 2 00 
 65 
 
 1796 Fillet Ho 
 1796 " 
 1804 " 
 
 1804 " 
 
 1805 " 
 
 QUARTER DOLLARS. 
 
 jad.Fair $ 1 50 
 
 " Good 2 00 
 
 Fair 1 50 
 
 " Good 2 00 
 
 " 30 
 
 " 30 
 
COIN DEPARTMENT. 101 
 
 1807 Head to Left .. «o -^O 
 
 lolo Fine ... oti 
 
 1818 " " " ' • SX 
 
 1819 " " «• ::::;;•. ; 30 
 
 1820 " " " oX 
 
 1821 " " « . .. ,' qX 
 
 1822 " " " ,...".. ^ 
 
 1828 '« " Fair .■..■.';."::.■.■::::::::: 16 00 
 
 S ;; " Good 2100 
 
 1824 " " Fair % 
 
 1824 " " Good 60 
 
 1824 " " Fine ;; i 5o 
 
 1827 " " Fair ^ 1750 
 
 1827 ;• " Good 22 00 
 
 1853 (without Arrows and Rays) 2 50 
 
 TWENTY CENT PIECES. 
 
 1876 A oc 
 
 1877 ^ 7^ 
 
 1878 '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.[[ 1 75 
 
 1796 Fillet Head, Fair S 7,5 
 
 1796 " " Good 150 
 
 1797 13 Stars, Fair 110 
 
 1797 13 " Good ; . 2 00 
 
 1797 16 " Fair , .. 125 
 
 1796 16 " Good ■ 2 00 
 
 1798 Fillet Head, Fair .. qq 
 
 1798 " " Good 1 75 
 
 1800 " " Fair " l OO 
 
 1800 " '• Good ■* 1 75 
 
 1801 " " Fair '". l 06 
 
 1801 " " Good ■ 1 75 
 
 1802 " " Fair . . i 25 
 
 1802 " " Good 2 00 
 
 1803 " " Fair 75 
 
 1803 " " Good 1 25 
 
 1804 " " Fair 125 
 
 1804 " " Good 2 22 
 
 1805 ' 20 
 
 1807 " " " 25 
 
102 
 
 ONE THOUSAND SF.CRETS REVEALED. 
 
 1809 Head to Left, Fair JO 20 
 
 1809 " " Good 50 
 
 1809 " " Fine 75 
 
 1811 " " Fair 25 
 
 1811 " " Good 50 
 
 1811 " " Fine 75 
 
 1814 " " " 15 
 
 1820 " " " 15 
 
 1821 " " Small Date, Fine 15 
 
 1822 " " Fair 50 
 
 1822 " " Good 75 
 
 1822 " " Fine 1 00 
 
 1824 •• " " 15 
 
 1828 " " " 15 
 
 1846 Liberty Seated. 
 
 .$ 25 
 
 HALF DIMES. 
 
 1794 Flowing Hair, Fair S 1 10 
 
 1794 " " Good 2 00 
 
 1794 " " Fine 3 00 
 
 1795 " " Fair 30 
 
 1795 " " Good 60 
 
 1796 15 Stars, Fillet Head, Fair 1 50 
 
 1796 15 
 
 1797 15 
 1797 15 
 1797 16 
 1797 16 
 1800 Fillet Head, Fair 
 
 1800 " 
 
 1801 " 
 
 1801 " 
 
 1802 " 
 1802 " 
 
 Good 2 00 
 
 Fair. 
 
 1 10 
 
 Good 1 75 
 
 Fair. . 
 Good. 
 
 1 00 
 
 1 75 
 
 40 
 
 75 
 
 1 00 
 
 Good 
 
 Fair 
 
 Good 2 00 
 
 Fair 20 00 
 
 Good 40 00 
 
COIN DEPARTMENT. 
 
 103 
 
 1802 Fillet Head, Fine $75 
 
 1803 " " Fair 1 
 
 1803 " " Good 1 
 
 1805 " " Fair 1 
 
 1805 " " Good 2 
 
 1838 Liberty Seated, without stars, Fair 
 
 1838 
 1838 
 184H 
 1846 
 1846 
 
 Good. 
 Fine. 
 
 Fair. . 
 Good. 
 Fine.. 
 
 SILVER THREE CENT PIECES. 
 
 1855 Large Star in Center $ 10 
 
 1863 " " 40 
 
 1864 " •• 50 
 
 1865 " •• 30 
 
 1866 " •• 30 
 
 1867 •• * 30 
 
 1868 " •• 30 
 
 1869 •• " ■ 25 
 
 1870 " •• 20 
 
 1871 " •• 20 
 
 1872 •• •• 20 
 
 1873 " ** 75 
 
 NICKEL FIVE CENT PIECES. 
 
 !877 g 25 
 
 .i^t ^^JfSsI NICKEL THREE CENT PIECES. 
 
 1877 % 40 
 
 COPPER TWO CENT PIECES. 
 
 1872 % 05 
 
 1873 90 
 
104 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 COPPER CENTS. 
 
 1793 Liberty Cap $ 1 
 
 1794 
 
 1795 Liberty Cap 
 
 1796 " " 
 
 1796 Fillet Head 
 
 1797 
 
 II « 
 
 1798 
 
 "lO'QQ 
 
 « i< 
 
 1799 
 
 (t i( 
 
 1800 
 
 i( II 
 
 1801 
 
 II ml 
 
 1804 
 
 11 II 
 
 1804 
 
 II II 
 
 1805 
 
 II II 
 
 1806 
 
 II .1 
 
 1807 
 
 ti II 
 
 Fine. 
 
 25 
 15 
 
 10 
 15 
 15 
 08 
 05 
 00 
 00 
 05 
 05 
 00 
 75 
 08 
 06 
 03 
 
 1808 Head to Left $ 10 
 
 1809 '• " 40 
 
 1809 " " Fine 75 
 
 1810 " • 05 
 
 1811 " ' 25 
 
 1812 " • 03 
 
 1813 " " 15 
 
COIN DEPARTMENT. 105 
 
 1814 Head to Left 80 03 
 
 1817 <• " 15 Stars. 05 
 
 1821 " " 08 
 
 1823 " " 12 
 
 1857 " " Large Date 06 
 
 1857 " " SmallUate 06 
 
 EAGLE NICKEL CENTS. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 1856 Fair $ 55 
 
 1856 Good 80 
 
 1856 Fine 1 10 
 
 HALF CENTS. 
 
 ,, 11 ifei 
 
 1793 Liberty Cap $ 1 00 
 
 1794 " " 25 
 
 1795 Lettered Edge 20 
 
 1795 Thin Die 20 
 
 1796 Liberty Cap. 7 50 
 
 1797 '• " 25 
 
 1797 Lettered Edge 85 
 
 1800 Fillet Head 05 
 
 1802 " " 60 
 
 1803 " •♦ 05 
 
 1805 " •♦ 06 
 
 1806 " " 06 
 
 1807 "^ " 06 
 
 1808 " " 06 
 
106 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 1810 Head to Left '. $0 18 
 
 1811 " " 60 
 
 1831 " " 2 00 
 
 1836 " " 3 00 
 
 1840 " " 1 75 
 
 1841 " " 1 75 
 
 1842 " " 2 50 
 
 1843 •' " 3 00 
 
 1844 " " 2 00 
 
 1845 " " 1 75 
 
 1846 " " 1 75 
 
 1847 " " 2 50 
 
 1848 " " 3 00 
 
 1849 " " Small Date 3 00 
 
 1849 " " Large Date 06 
 
 1850 " " 05 
 
 1852 " " 2 50 
 
 1854 " " 05 
 
 1856 " " 15 
 
 1857 " " 08 
 
 AMERICAN SILVER AND COPPER COINS NOT 
 ISSUED BY THE UNITED STATES MINT. 
 
 SILVER COINAGE. 
 
 DOLLARS.— First coinage, 1794; none issued 1805 to 
 1835 inclusive, and 1837. 
 
 HALF-DOLLARS. — First coinage, 1794 ; none issued 
 1798, 1799, 1816. 
 
 QUARTER DOLLARS. — First coinage, 1796; none 
 issued 1794, 1795, 1797 to 1804, 1808 to 1814 inclusive, 1816 
 1817, 1826, 1829, 1830. 
 
 DIMES.— First coinage, 1796; none issued 1794, 1795, 
 1799, 1806, 1808, 1810, 1812, 1813, 1815 to 1819 inclusive, 1826. 
 
 HALF DIMES.— First coinage, 1794 ; none issued 1798, 
 1799, 1801, 1806 to 1828 inclusive. The coinage of half 
 dimes was discontinued in 1873, by Act of Congress. 
 
 THREE CENT PIECES (SILVER). — First coinage, 
 1851 ; and then the dates follow in succession until 1873, 
 when the coinage of them was discontinued. 
 
COIN DEPARTMENT. 107 
 
 COPPER CENTS. 
 
 COPPER CENTS.— First coinage, 1793, none issued 1815, 
 they then follf)w to 1857, when the coinage was changed to 
 nickel. The nickel cent of 1856 was only a pattern, which 
 continued during this year up to 1864, inclusive. The 
 bronze cent was introduced in fhis year. In 1865 the nickel 
 cent was discontinued, and up to date the bronze cents are 
 issued. 
 
 HALF CENTS.— First coinage, 1793; none issued 1798, 
 1799, 1801, 1812 to 1824, inclusive, 1827, 1837, 1838, 1839; in 
 1857 the issue of half cents was discontinued. 
 
 In 1864 the two-cent piece in bronze was introduced, and 
 discontinued in 1873, by Act of Congress. 
 
 In 1865 the three-cent nickel piece was first issued. 
 
 In 1866 the five-cent piece was first issued; a very few 
 were struck in 1865 as pattern. In 1883 the die was changed 
 to that of the current issue with liberty head. Although 
 upwards of five million coins of the 1883 nickels without 
 the word " cents" were issued, they will in the course of a 
 few years command a premium. At present they are still 
 quite common. 
 
NOISETTE'S SYSTEM 
 OF MEMORY. 
 
LOISETTE'S SYSTEM OF MEMORY. 
 
 So much has been said aljout Loisette's memory system 
 the art has been so widely advertised, and so carefully 
 guarded from all the profane who do not s'end five or many 
 dollars to the professor, that a few pages showing how 
 every man may be his own Loisette, may be both interest- 
 ing and valuable. 
 
 In the first place, the system is a good one, and well 
 worth the labor of mastering, and if the directions are 
 implicitly followed there can be no doubt that the memory 
 will be greatly strengthened and improved, and that mne- 
 monic feats, otherwise impossible, may be easily performed. 
 Loisette, however, is not an inventor, but an introducer. He 
 stands in the same relation to Dr. Pick that the retail dealer 
 holds to the manufacturer : the one produced the article ; 
 the other brings it to the public. Even this statement is not 
 quite fair to Loisette, for he has brought much practical 
 common sense to bear upon Pick's system, and in preparing 
 the new art of mnemonics for the market, in many ways he 
 has made it his own. 
 
 If each man would reflect upon the method by which he 
 himself remembers things, he would find his hand upon the 
 key of the whole mystery. For instance, the author was 
 once trying to remember the word blythe. There occurred 
 to my mind the words " Bellman," " Belle," and then the 
 verse • 
 
 the peasant upward climbing 
 
 Hears the bells of Biiloss chiming'. 
 
 "Barcarole," " Barrack," and so on until the word "blythe" 
 presented itself with a strange insistance, long after I had 
 ceased trying to recall it. 
 
 On another occasion, when trying to recall the name 
 " Richardson," I got the words " hay-rick," " Robertson," 
 
 109 
 
no ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 " Randallstown," and finally " wealthy," from which natu- 
 rally I got " rich " and " Richardson " almost in a breath. 
 
 Still another example : trying to recall the name of an old 
 schoolmate, " Grady," I got " Brady," " grave," " gaseous," 
 ■' gastronome," " gracious," and I finally abandoned the 
 attempt, simply saying to myself that it began with a " G," 
 and there was an " a " sound after it. The next morning, 
 when thinking of something entirely different, this name 
 " Grady" came up in my mind with as much distinctness ai 
 though some one had whispered it in my ear. This remem> 
 bering was done without any conscious effort on my part, 
 and was evidently the result of the exertion made the day 
 before, when mnemonic processes were put to work. Every 
 reader must have had similar experience, which he can 
 recall, and which will fall in line with the examples given. 
 
 It follows, then, that when we endeavor, without the aidj 
 of any system, to recall a forgotten fact or name, our mem.- 
 ory presents to us words of similar sound or meaning iiv 
 its Journey toward the goal to which we have started it. 
 This goes to show that our ideas are arranged in groups in 
 whatever secret cavity or recess of the brain they occupy^ 
 and that the arrangement is one not alphabetical exactly^ 
 and not entirely by meaning, but after some fashion par. 
 taking of both. 
 
 If you are looking for the word "meadow" you may 
 reach " middle " before you come to it, or " Mexico," or 
 many words beginning with the " m " sound, or containing 
 the " dow," as " window " or " dough," or you may get 
 " field " or " farm " — but you are on the right track, and if 
 you do not interfere with your intellectual process you wiU 
 finally come to the idea which you are seeking. 
 
 How often have you heard people say : " I forget his 
 name, it is something like Beadle or Beagle — at any rate it 
 begins with a B." Each and all of these were unconscious 
 Loisettians, and they were practicing blindly, and without 
 proper method or direction, the excellent system which he 
 teaches. The thing, then, to do — and it is the final and 
 
loisette's system of memory. Ill 
 
 simple truth which Loisctte teaches — is to travel over this 
 ground in the other direction — to cement the fact which you 
 wish to remember to some other fact or word which you 
 know will be brought out by the implied conditions — and 
 thus you will always be able to travel from your given 
 starting-point to the thing which you wish to call to mind. 
 
 To illustrate : let the broken line in the annexed diagran) 
 represent a train of thought. If we connect the idea "a *' 
 with " e" through the steps d, c and d, tha 
 tendency of the mind ever afterward will ba 
 to get to e from a that way, or from any ol 
 the intermediates that way. It seems aa 
 though a channel were cut in our mind- 
 stuff along which the memory flows. How 
 to make it flow this way will be seen latei 
 on. Loisette, in common with all mnemonic 
 teachers, uses the old devise of representing numbers by 
 letter — and as this is the first and easiest step in the art, 
 this seems to be the most logical place to introduce th4 
 accepted equivalents of the Arabic numerals : -., 
 
 is always represented by j, ^^ or ^ soft. 
 
 1 is always represented by /, th or d, 
 
 2 is always represented by «. 
 
 3 is always represented by m. 
 
 4 is always represented by r. 
 
 5 is always represented by /. 
 
 6 is always represented by sh,j, ch soft or ^ soft. 
 
 7 is always represented by g hard, k c hard, q or final r*^ 
 
 8 is always represented by/or v. 
 
 9 is always represented by/ or b. 
 
 A.11 the other letters are used simply to fill up. Double 
 letters in a word count only as one. In fact the system goe^ 
 by sound, not by spelling — for instance, " this " or "dizzy 
 would stand for ten ; " catch " or "gush" would stand fo» 
 70, and the only difificulty is to make some word or phras% 
 
112 
 
 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 which will contain only the significant letters in the proper 
 order, filled out with non-significants into some guise of 
 meaning or intelligibility.* Suppose you wished to get 
 some phrase or word that would express the number 3,685, 
 you arrange the letters this way : 
 
 
 3 
 
 - 
 
 6 
 
 - 
 
 8 
 
 - 
 
 5 
 
 a 
 
 m 
 
 a 
 
 sh 
 
 a 
 
 f 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 e 
 i 
 
 
 e 
 i 
 
 c'h 
 
 c 
 i 
 
 V 
 
 e 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 g 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 h 
 
 
 h 
 
 
 h 
 
 
 h 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 y 
 
 
 y 
 
 
 y 
 
 
 y 
 
 
 You can make out " image of law," " my shufHe," " match- 
 ville," etc., etc., as far as you like to work it out. 
 
 Now, suppose you wished to memorize the fact that 
 $1,000,000 in gold weighs 3,685 pounds, you go about it in 
 this way, and here is the kernel and crux of Loisette's 
 system : 
 
 " How much does $1,000,000 in gold weigh ? " 
 
 " Weigh — scales." 
 
 "Scales — statue of Justice." 
 
 " Statue of Justice — image of law." 
 
 The process is simplicity itself. The thing you wish to 
 recall, and that you fear to forget, is the weight ; conse- 
 quently you cement your chain of suggestion to the idea 
 which is most prominent to your mental question. What 
 
 ♦You can remember the equivalents by noting the fact that z is the first 
 letterof "zero" and c of "cipher"; / has but one stroke, « has tvvo, m 
 has three. The scriptyis very lil<e 8, the script/ like g ; r is the last letter 
 of four, / is the Roman numeral iax fifty., which sufjfjestsy/rr. The others 
 may be retained as raemorizinfj these two nonsense lines : 
 Six shy yewesses cAase (George 
 Seven ^'reat Aings tame ^uarreli»^. 
 
loisette's system of memory. 113 
 
 do you weigh with ? Scales. What does the mental 
 picture of scales suggest ? The statue of Justice, blind- 
 folded and weighing out award and punishment to man. 
 Finally, what is this statue of Justice but the image of law ? 
 and the words " image of law," translated back from the 
 significant letters m, ^ soft, /"and /, give you 3 — 6 — 8 — 5, 
 the number of pounds in $1,000,000 in gold. You bind 
 together in your mind each separate step in the journey, 
 the one suggests the other, and you will find a year from 
 now that the fact will be as fresh in your memory as it is 
 to-day. You cannot lose it. It is chained to you by an 
 unbreakable mnemonic tie. Mark, that it is not claimed 
 that "weight " will of itself suggest " scales" and "scales" 
 '"^statue of Justice," etc., but that, once having passed your 
 attention up and down the ladder of ideas, your mental 
 tendency will be to take the same route, and get to the same 
 goal again and again. Indeed, beginning with the weight of 
 gl.OOO.OOO, "image of law" will turn up in your mind with- 
 out your consciousness of any intermediate station on the 
 way, after some iteration and reiteration of the original 
 chain. 
 
 Again, so as to fasten the process in the reader's mind 
 even more firmly, suppose that it were desired to fix the 
 date of the battle of Hastings (A. D. 1066) in the memory ; 
 1066 may be represented by the words " the wise judge " 
 (/// = 1, J = o, 7 = 6, dg= %\ the others are non signifi- 
 cants) ; a chain might be made thus : 
 
 Battle of Hastings — arbitrament of war. 
 
 Arbitrament of war — arbitration. 
 
 Arbitration — judgment. 
 
 Judgment — the wise judge. 
 
 Make mental pictures, connect ideas, repeat words and 
 sounds, go about it in any way you please, so that you will 
 form a mental habit of connecting the the "battle of Hast- 
 ings" with the idea of "arbitrament of war," and so on for 
 the other links in the chain, and the work is done. 
 
 Loisette makes the beginning of his system unnecessa- 
 rily difficult, to say nothing of his illogical arrangement 
 
114 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 in the grammar of the art of memory, which he makes the 
 first of his lessons. He analyzes suggestion thus : 
 
 1. Inclusion. 
 
 2. Exclusion. 
 
 3. Concurrence. 
 
 All of which looks very scientific and orderly, but is 
 really misleading, and badly named. The truth is that one 
 idea will suggest another. 
 
 1. By likeness or opposition of meaning, as " house " sug- 
 gests " room " or " door," etc., or " white " suggests " black," 
 " cruel," "kind," etc. 
 
 2. By likeness of sound, as " harrow " and " barrow " ; 
 " Henry" and "Hennepin." 
 
 3. By mental juxtaposition, a peculiarity different in each 
 person and depending upon each one's own experiences. 
 Thus " St. Charles " suggests " railway bridge " to me, 
 because I was vividly impressed by the breaking of the 
 Wabash bridge at that point. " Stable " and " broken leg " 
 come near each other in my experience, so do " cow" and 
 " shot-gun " and " licking." 
 
 Out of these three sorts of suggestions it is possible to get 
 from any one fact to any other in a chain certain and safe, 
 along which the mind may be depended upon afterward 
 always to follow. 
 
 The chain is, of course, by no means all. Its making and 
 its binding must be accompanied by a vivid, methodically 
 directed attention, which turns all the mental light gettable 
 in a focus upon the subject passing across the mind's 
 screen. Before Loisette was thought of this was known. 
 In the old times in England, in order to impress upon the 
 minds of the rising generation the parish boundaries in the 
 rural districts, the boys were taken to each of the landmarks 
 in succession, the position and bearings of each pointed out 
 carefully, and, in order to deepen the impression, the young 
 people were then and there vigorously thrashed, a mechan- 
 ical method of attracting the attention which was said never 
 to have failed. This system has had its supporters in many 
 of the old-fashioned schools, and there are men who will read 
 
loisette's system of memory. 115 
 
 these lines who can recall, with an itching sense of vivid 
 expression, the 144 lickings which were said to go with the 
 multiplication table. 
 
 In default of a thrashing, however, the student must cul- 
 tivate as best he can an intense fixity of perception upon 
 every fact or word or date that he wishes to make perma- 
 nently his own. It is easy. It is a matter of habit. If you 
 will you can photograph an idea upon your cerebral gela- 
 tine so that neither years nor events will blot it out or over- 
 lay it. You must be clearly and distinctly aware of the 
 thing you are putting into your mental treasure-house, and 
 drastically certain of the cord by which you have tied it to 
 some other thing of which you are sure. Unless it is worth 
 your while to do this, you might as well abandon any hopes 
 of mnemonic improvement, which will not come without the 
 hardest kind of hard work, although it is work that will 
 grow constantly easier with practice and reiteration. 
 
 You need, then : 
 
 1. Methodic suggestion. 
 
 2. Methodic attention. 
 
 3. Methodic reiteration. 
 
 And this is all there is to Loisette, and a great deal it is. 
 Two of them will not do without the third. You do not 
 know how many steps there are from your hall-door to your 
 bed-room, though you have attended to and often reiterated 
 the journey. But if there are twenty of them, and you have 
 once bound the word " nice," or " nose," or " news," or 
 "hyenas," to the fact of the stairway, you could never 
 forget it. 
 
 The Professor makes a point, and very wisely, of the 
 importance of working through some established chain, so 
 that the whole may be carried away in the mind — not alone 
 for the value of the facts so bound together, but for the 
 mental discipline so afforded. 
 
 Here, then, is the "President Series," which contains the 
 name and the date of inauguration of each President from 
 Washington to Cleveland. The manner in jyhich it is to 
 
116 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 be mastered is this : Beginning at the top, try to find in 
 your mind some connection between each word and the one 
 following it. See how you can at some future time make 
 one suggest the next, either by suggestion of sound or sense, 
 or by mental juxtaposition. When you have found this 
 dwell on it attentively for a moment or two. Pass it back- 
 ward and forward before you, and then go on to the next 
 step. 
 
 The chain runs thus, the names of the Presidents being 
 in small caps, the date words in italics : 
 
 President Chosen as the first word as the one most apt to oc- 
 cur to the mind of any one wishing to repeat the 
 names of the Presidents. 
 
 Dentist PresiA'^/ and efe>iiist.. 
 
 Draw What does a dentist do? 
 
 To give up When something is drawn from one it is given up. 
 
 This is a date phrase meaning 178^. 
 
 Self-sacrifice There is an association of thought between giving 
 
 and self-sacrifice. 
 
 Washington Associate the quality of self-sacrifice with Wash- 
 ington's character. 
 
 Morning wash Washm%x.o\\ and wash. 
 
 Dew , Early witness and dew. 
 
 Flower beds Dew and flowers. 
 
 Took a bouquet Flowers and bouquet. Date phrase (1707), 
 
 Garden Bouquet and garden. 
 
 Eden The first garden. 
 
 Adam Juxtaposition of thought. 
 
 Adams Suggestion by sound. 
 
 Fall Juxtaposition by thought. 
 
 Failure Fall and failure. 
 
 Deficit Upon a failure there is usually a deficit. Date 
 
 word (1801). 
 
 Debt The consequence of a deficit. 
 
 Bonds Debt and bonds. 
 
 Confederate bonds .. SuggesJon by meaning. 
 
 Jefferson Davis.. Juxtaposition of thought. 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 Now follow out the rest for yourself, taking about ten at a 
 time, and binding those you do last to those you have done 
 before each time, before attacking the next bunch. 
 
LOISRTTi: S SYSTEM OF MEMORY. 
 
 117 
 
 1 
 
 •» 
 
 a 
 
 Jefferson. 
 
 tlie frattd 
 
 - 
 
 the heavy shell 
 
 Judtife Jeffreys 
 
 jiainted clay 
 
 mollusk 
 
 bloody assize 
 
 l)aked clay 
 
 unfamiliar word 
 
 bcTeavenicnt 
 
 tiles 
 
 dictionary 
 
 too Ju-a7<y a sob 
 
 Tyler 
 
 Johnson's 
 
 parental grief 
 
 Wat Tyler 
 
 Johnson 
 
 mad son 
 
 poll tax 
 
 son 
 
 Madison 
 
 compulsory 
 
 bad son 
 
 Madeira 
 
 free ici/l 
 
 dishonest boy 
 
 first-rate wine 
 
 free offering 
 
 thievish boy 
 
 frustrating 
 
 burnt offering 
 
 take 
 
 (icfeatwg 
 
 poker 
 
 give 
 
 feet 
 
 Polk 
 
 Grant 
 
 toe the line 
 
 end of dance 
 
 award 
 
 row 
 
 termination " ly " 
 
 school premium 
 
 Monroe 
 
 adverb 
 
 examination 
 
 row 
 
 part of speech 
 
 cramming 
 
 boat 
 
 part of a man 
 
 ffgging 
 laborer 
 
 steamer 
 
 Taylor 
 
 the funnel 
 
 measurer 
 
 hay field 
 
 windpipe 
 
 theodolite 
 
 Hayes 
 
 throat 
 
 Tlieophilus 
 
 hazy 
 
 quinzy 
 QuiNCY Adams 
 
 fill us 
 
 clear 
 
 Fillmore 
 
 vivid 
 
 quince 
 fine fruit 
 
 more fuel 
 
 brightly lighted 
 
 the flame 
 
 camp fire 
 
 the fine boy 
 
 flambeau 
 
 war field 
 
 sailor boy 
 
 bow 
 
 Garfield 
 
 sailor 
 
 arrow 
 
 Guiteau 
 
 jack tar 
 Jackson 
 
 Pierce 
 
 murderer 
 
 hurt 
 
 prisoner 
 
 stone wall 
 
 feeling 
 
 prison fare 
 
 indomitable 
 
 wound 
 
 halffed 
 
 tough make 
 
 soldier 
 
 well fed 
 
 oaken furniture 
 
 cannon 
 
 well read 
 
 bureau 
 
 Buchanan 
 
 author 
 
 \'AN BuREN 
 
 rebuke 
 
 Arthur 
 
 rent 
 
 official censure 
 
 round table 
 
 side-splitting 
 
 to officiate 
 
 tea table 
 
 divert 
 
 wedding 
 
 tea cup 
 
 annoy 
 
 linked 
 
 halffull 
 
 harassing 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 divide 
 
 Harrison 
 
 link 
 
 cleave 
 
 Old Harry 
 
 stroll 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 the tempter 
 
 sea shore 
 
 
118 
 
 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 It will be noted that some of the date words, as "free 
 >^;ll," only give three figures of the date, 845 ; but it is to be 
 supposed that if the student knows that many figures in 
 the date of Polk's inauguration he can guess the other one. 
 
 The curious thing about this system will now become 
 apparent. If the reader has learned the series so that he 
 can say it down from President to Cleveland, he can with 
 no effort, and without any further preparation, say it back- 
 ward, from Cleveland up to the commencement. There 
 could be no better proof that this is the natural mnemonic 
 system. It proves itself by its works. 
 
 1 — wheat 
 
 2— hen 
 
 8 — home 
 
 4 — hair 
 
 6— oil 
 
 6 — shoe 
 
 7— hook 
 
 8-o£E 
 
 9— bee 
 10— daisy 
 11— tooth 
 12— dine 
 13— time 
 14 — tower 
 15— dell 
 16— ditch 
 17— duck 
 18-dove 
 19— tabby 
 20— hyenas 
 21— hand 
 22— nun 
 23 — name 
 24— owner 
 25— nail 
 26— hinge 
 27— ink 
 28— knife 
 29— knob 
 30— ^muse 
 31— mayday 
 
 32— hymen 
 
 33 — mama 
 
 — hoes 
 
 34 — mare 
 35— mill 
 36 — image 
 37— mug 
 38— muff 
 39— mob 
 40 — race 
 41— hart 
 42— horn 
 43 — army 
 44 — warrior 
 45 — royal 
 46— arch 
 47— rock 
 48— wharf 
 49 — rope 
 50 — wheels 
 51— lad 
 52— lion 
 53— lamb 
 54— lair 
 55— lily 
 56— lodge 
 57— lake 
 58— leaf 
 59 — elbow 
 60 — chess 
 61 — cheat 
 62 — chain 
 63— sham 
 64— chair 
 65-ja;: 
 66— judge 
 
 67 — jockey 
 68 — shave 
 69 — ship 
 70-eggs 
 71— gate 
 72— gun 
 73 — comb 
 74— hawker 
 75— coal 
 76 — cage 
 77— cake 
 78 — coffee 
 79— cube 
 80~vase 
 81— feet 
 82— vein 
 83— fame 
 84-fire 
 85— vial 
 86— fish 
 87— fig 
 88— fife 
 89— fib 
 90— pies 
 91— putty 
 92 — pane 
 93-bomb 
 94— bier 
 95— bell 
 96 — peach 
 97— book 
 98— beef 
 99— pope 
 
 100 diocese 
 
loisette's system of memory. 110 
 
 The series should be repeated backward and forward 
 every day for a month, and should be supplemented by a 
 series of the reader's own making, and by this one, which 
 gives the numbers from to 100, and which must be chained 
 together before they can be learned. 
 
 By the use of this table, which should be committed as 
 thoroughly as the President series, so that it can be repeated 
 backwards and forwards, any date, figure or number can be 
 at once constructed, and bound by the usual chain to the 
 fact which you wish it to accompany. 
 
 When the student wishes to go farther and attack larger 
 problems than the simple binding of two facts together 
 there is little in Loisette's system that is new, although there 
 is much that is good. If it is a book that is to be learned, 
 as one would prepare for an examination, each chapter is to 
 be considered separately. Of each ?l precis is to be written 
 in which the writer must exercise all of his ingenuity to re- 
 duce the matter in hand to its final skeleton of fact. This 
 he is to commit to memory both by the use of the chain and 
 the old system of interrogation. Suppose after much labor 
 through a wide space of language one boils a chapter or an 
 event down to the final irreducible sediment : "Magna 
 Charta was exacted by the barons from King John at Run- 
 nymede." 
 
 You must now turn this statement this way and that way ; 
 asking yourself about it every possible and impossible ques- 
 tion, gravely considering the answers, and, if you find any 
 part of it especially difficult to remember, chaining it to the 
 question which will bring it out. Thus, "What was exacted 
 by the barons from King John at Runnymede ?" "Magna 
 Charta." "By whom was Magna Charta exacted from King 
 John at Runnymede ?" "By the barons." "From whom 
 was", etc., etc? "King John." "From what king," etc., 
 etc. ? "King John." "Where was Magna Charta," etc., 
 etc. ? "At Runnymede." 
 
 And so on and so on, as long as your ingenuity can sug- 
 gest questions to ask, or points of view from which to con- 
 sider the statement. Your mind will be finally saturated 
 
120 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED, 
 
 with the information and prepared to spill it out at the first 
 squeeze of the examiner. This, however, is not new. It 
 was taught in the schools hundreds of years before Loisette 
 was born. Old newspaper men will recall in connection 
 with it Horace Greeley's statement that the test of a news 
 item was the clear and satisfactory manner in which a re- 
 port answered the interrogatories, "What ?" "When ?" 
 "Where ?" "Who ?" "Why ?" 
 In the same way Loisette advises the learning of poetry, 
 
 "The Assyrian came down like a wolf on the fold." 
 
 "Who came down ?" 
 
 "How did the Assyrian come down ?" 
 
 "Like what animal did ?" etc. 
 
 And so on and so on, until the verses are exhausted of 
 every scrap of information to be had out of them by the 
 most assiduous cross-examination. 
 
 Whatever the reader may think of the availability or value 
 of this part of the system, there are so many easily applic- 
 able tests of the worth of much that Loisette has done, that 
 it may be taken with the rest. 
 
 Few people, to give an easy example, can remember the 
 value of -| — the ratio between the circumference and the 
 diameter of the circle — beyond four places of decimals, or 
 at most six — 3.141592+. Here is the value to 108 decimal 
 places : 
 
 3. 14159265-3589793238-4626433832-7950288419-7169399375-10 
 58209749-4459230781-6406286208-998628034S-2534211706-79 
 82148086+ 
 
 By a very simple application of the numerical letter val- 
 ues these 108 decimal places can be carried in the mind 
 and recalled about as fast as you can write them down. 
 All that is to be done is to memorize these nonsense lines: 
 
 Mother Day will buy any shawl. 
 
 My love pick up my new muff. 
 
 A Russian jeer may move a woman. 
 
 Cables enough for Utopia. 
 
 Get a cheap ham pic by my cooley. 
 
loisette's system of memory, 121 
 
 The slave knows a bigger ape. 
 
 1 rarely hop on my sick foot. 
 
 Cheer a sage in a fashion safe. 
 
 A baby fish now views my wharf. 
 
 Annually Mary Ann did kiss a jay. 
 
 A cabby found a rough savage. 
 
 Now translate each significant into its proper value and 
 you have the task accomplished. " Mother Day,"m=S, 
 //i=l, r=4, </=!, and so on. Learn the lines one at a time 
 by the method of interrogatories. "Who will buy any 
 shawl ?" '• Which Mrs. Day will buy a shawl ? " " Is 
 Mother Day particular about the sort of shawl she will buy ?" 
 " Has she bought a shawl? "etc., etc. Then cement the 
 end of each line to the beginning of the next one, thus, 
 " Shawl " — "warm garment" — "warmth" — "love " — "my 
 love," and go on as before. Stupid as the work may seem 
 to you, you can memorize the figures in fifteen minutes this 
 way so that you will not forget them in fifteen years. Simi- 
 larly you can take Haydn's Dictionary of Dates and turn 
 fact after fact into nonsense lines like these which you can- 
 not lose. 
 
 And this ought to be enough to show anybody the whole 
 art. If you look back across the sands of time and find out 
 that it is that ridiculous old "Thirty days hath September" 
 which comes to you when you are trying to think of the 
 length of October — if you can quote your old prosody, 
 
 " O datur ambiguis," etc. 
 
 vvith much more certainty than you can serve up your Hor- 
 ace ; if in fine, jingles and alliterations, wise and otherwise, 
 have stayed with you, while solid and serviceable informa- 
 tion has faded away, you may be certain that here is the 
 key to the enigma of memory. 
 
 You can apply it yourself in a hundred ways. If you 
 wish to clinch in your mind the fact that Mr. Love lives at 
 485 Dearborn Street, what is more easy than to turn 485 into 
 the word " rifle " and chain the ideas together, say thus : 
 " Love — happiness — good time — picnic — forest — wood 
 
122 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 rangers — range — rifle range — rifle — fine weapon — costly 
 weapon — dearly bought — Dearborn. 
 
 Or if you wish to remember Mr. Bowman's name, and you 
 notice he has a mole on his face which is apt to attract your 
 attention when you next see him, cement the ideas thus : 
 "Mole, mark, target, archer, Bowman." 
 
FACTS WORTH KNOWING. 
 
FACTS WORTH KNOWING. 
 
 Handy Facts to Settle Many Arguments. 
 
 London plague in 1665. 
 
 Telephone invented 1861. 
 
 There are 2,750 languages. 
 
 Two persons die every second. 
 
 Sound moves 743 miles per hour. 
 
 Chinese invented paper 170 B. C. 
 
 A square mile contains 640 acres. 
 
 A barrel of pork weighs 200 pounds. 
 
 Hawks can fly 150 miles in one hour. 
 
 Watches were first constructed in 1476. 
 
 Chinese in United States in 1880, 105,613. 
 
 Rome was founded by Romulus, 752 B. C. 
 
 Gold was discovered in California in 1848. 
 
 Phonograph invented by T. A. Edison, 1877. 
 
 The first baloon ascended from Lyons, France, 1783. 
 
 The first fire insurance office in America, Boston, 1724. 
 
 Jet is found along the coast of Yorkshire, Eng., near 
 Whitby. 
 
 Napoleon I, crowned emperor 1804 ; died at St. Helena, 
 1820. 
 
 Electric light invented by Lodyguin and Kosslo£f, at Lon- 
 don, 1874. 
 
 Harvard is the oldest college in the United States ; estab- 
 lished 1638. 
 
 War declared with Great Britian, June 19, 1812 ; peace 
 Feb. 18, 1815. 
 
 Until 1776 cotton spinning was performed by the hand 
 spinning-wheel. 
 
 Measure 209 feet on each side and you will have a square 
 acre within an inch. 
 
 Postage stamps first came into use in England in the year 
 1840; in the United States, in 1847. 
 
 The highest range of mountains are the Himalayas, the 
 
 mean elevation being from 16,000 to 18,000 feet 
 
 124 
 
PACTS WORTH KNOWING. 125 
 
 Envelopes were first used in 1839. 
 
 Telescopes were invented in 1590. 
 
 Iron horseshoes were made in 481. 
 
 A barrel of flour weighs 196 pounds. 
 
 A hand (horse measure) is four inches. 
 
 A rifle ball moves 1,000 miles per hour. 
 
 First steamer crossed the Atlantic, 1819. 
 
 Assassination of Lincoln, April 14, 1865. 
 
 German empire re-established, Jan. 18, 1871. 
 
 Storm clouds move thirty-six miles an hour. 
 
 First subscription library, Philadelphia, 1731. 
 
 Dark Ages, from the 6th to the 14th century. 
 
 The Latin tongue became obsolete about 580. 
 
 The great London fire occurred Sept. 26, 1666. 
 
 The value of a ton of pure gold is $602,799.21. 
 
 Ether was first used for surgical purposes in 1844, 
 
 Ignatius Loyola founded the order of Jesuits, 1541. 
 
 First authentic use of organs, 755 ; in England, 951. 
 
 The first newspaper advertisement appeared in 1652. 
 
 Cork is the bark taken from a species of the oak tree. 
 
 Benjamin Franklin used the first lightning rods, 1752. 
 
 Glass windows (colored) were used in the 8th century. 
 
 Authentic history of China commenced 3,000 years B. C. 
 
 Introduction of homoeopathy into the United States, 1825k 
 
 Spectacles were invented by an Italian in the 13th cen. 
 lury. 
 
 Medicine was introduced into Rome from Greece, 200 
 B. C. 
 
 First electric telegraph, Paddington to Brayton, Eng., 
 1835. 
 
 The Chaldeans were the first people who worked In 
 metals. 
 
 First life insurance, in London, 1772 ; in America, Phila. 
 delphia, I8l2. 
 
 Egyptian pottery is the oldest known ; dates from 2,000 
 B. C. 
 
 Julius Csesar invaded Britain, 55 B. C; assassinated, 44 
 B. C. 
 
126 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALttO. 
 
 Soap was first manufactured in England in the 16th cen- 
 tury. 
 
 The largest free territorial government is the United 
 States. 
 
 First photographs produced in England, 1802; perfected, 
 1841. 
 
 First marine insurance, A. D. 533 ; England, 1598 ; Amer- 
 ica, 1721. 
 
 Professor Oersted, Copenhagen, discovered electro-mag- 
 netism, in 1819. 
 
 First American express, New York to Boston — W. F. 
 Harnden. 
 
 Glass windows were first introduced into England in the 
 8th century. 
 
 Chicago is little more than fifty years old, and is the eigh- 
 teenth city of the world. 
 
 Glass was made in Egypt, 3,000 B. C; earliest date o! 
 ffransparent glass, 719 B. C. 
 
 First public schools in America were established in the 
 New England States about 1642. 
 
 The largest inland sea is the Caspian, between Europe 
 and Asia, being 700 miles long and 270 miles wide. 
 
 The term "Almighty Dollar" originated with Washing, 
 ton Irving, as a satire on the American love for gain. 
 
 The highest natural bridge in the world is at Rockbridge, 
 Virginia, being 200 feet high to the bottom of the arch. 
 
 The largest circulation of paper money is that of the 
 United States, being 700 millions, while Russia has 670 
 millions. 
 
 The largest insurance company in the world is the Mu, 
 tual Life of New York City, having cash assets of $108,- 
 000,000, 
 
 The largest empire in the world is that of Great Britain, 
 being 8,557,658 square miles, and more than a sixth part of 
 the globe. 
 
 The first electrical signal ever transmitted between 
 Europe and America passed over the Field submarine cable 
 on Aug. 5, 1858. 
 
PACTS WORTH KNOWING. 127 
 
 The longest tunnel in the world is St. Gothard, on the 
 line of the railroad between Luzerne and Milan, being 9)^ 
 miles in length. 
 
 The loftiest active volcano is Popocatapetl. It is 17,784 
 feet high, and has a crater three miles in circumference and 
 1,000 feet deep. 
 
 Burnt brick were known to have been used in building the 
 Tower of Babel. They were introduced into England by 
 the Romans. 
 
 The most remarkable echo known is that in the castle of 
 Simonetta, two miles from Milan. It repeats the echo of a 
 pistol sixty times. 
 
 The largest volcano in the world is Etna. Its base is 90 
 miles in circumference ; its cone 11,000 feet high. Its first 
 eruption occurred 474 B. C. 
 
 The largest tree in the world, as yet discovered, is in Tu- 
 lare County, Calif(jrnia. It is 275 feet high, and lOO feet ir» 
 circumference at its base. 
 
 The largest desert is Sahara, in Northern Africa, Its 
 length is 3,000 miles and breadth 900 miles; having an area 
 of 2,000,000 square miles. 
 
 The largest suspension bridge is in Brooklyn. The length 
 of the main span is lJA)b feet (i inches. The entire length 
 of the bridge is 5,9«9 feet. 
 
 The first deaf and dumb asylum was founded in Eng- 
 land, by Thomas Braidwood, 17(50; and the first in the 
 United States was at Hartford, 1817. 
 
 The largest diamond in the world is the Braganza, being 
 a part of the Portuguese jewels. It weighs 1,880 carats. It 
 was found in Brazil in 1741. 
 
 The grade of titles in Great Britain stands in the follow- 
 ing order from the highest : A Prince, Duke, Marquis, 
 Earl, Viscount, Baron, Baronet, Knight. 
 
 The largest number of cattle ever received in one year 
 was that of Chicago in the year 1884, being 1,874,984 beeves, 
 30,223 calves, 5,640,625 hogs, 749,917 sheep, and 15,625 
 horses. It required 9,000 trains of 81 cars each, which, if 
 coupled together, would reach 2,146 miles. 
 
l28 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 The ''Valley of Death," in the island of Java, is simply 
 the crater of an extinct volcano, tilled with carbonic-acid 
 gas. It is half a mile in circumference. 
 
 The city of Amsterdam, Holland, is built upon piles driven 
 into the ground. It is intersected by numerous canals, 
 crossed by nearly three hundred bridges. 
 
 Coal was used as fuel in England as early as 852, and in 
 1234 the first charter to dig for it was granted by Henry 
 III. to the inhabitants of Newcastle-on-Tyne. 
 
 Tobacco was discovered in San Domingo in 1496 ; after- 
 wards by the Spaniards in Yucatan in 1520. It was intro- 
 duced in France in 1560, and into England in 1583. 
 
 The present national colors of the United States were not 
 adopted by congress until 1777. The flag was first used by 
 Washington at Cambridge, January 1, 1776. 
 
 Paris was known as Lutetia until 1184, when the name of 
 the great French Capital was changed to that which it has 
 borne ever since. 
 
 The longest span of wire in the world is used for a tele- 
 graph in India over the river Ristuah. It is over (5,000 feet, 
 and is stretched between two hills, 1,200 feet high. 
 
 The largest library in the world is in Paris, founded by 
 Louis XIV. It contains 1,400,000 volumes, 175,000 manu- 
 scripts, 300,000 maps and charts, and 150,000 coins and 
 medals. 
 
 The tallest man was John Hale, of Lancashire, England, 
 who was nine feet six inches in height. His hand was 
 seventeen inches long and eight and one-half inches broad. 
 
 In round numbers, the weight of $1,000,000 in standard 
 gold coin is 1^ tons; standard silver coin, 26^ tons ; sub- 
 suliary silver coin, 25 tons; minor coins, 5-cent nickel, 100 
 tons. 
 
 The largest stationary engine in the world is at the zinc 
 mines at Friedenville, Penn. The number of gallons of 
 water raised every minute is 17,500. The driving wheels 
 are 35 feet diameter and weigh 40 too* each. The cylindw 
 is 110 inches in diameter. 
 
FACTS WORTH KNOWING. 129 
 
 The part of United States territory most recently ac- 
 quired is the island of San Juan, near Vancouver's Island. 
 It was evacuated by England at the close of Novem- 
 ber, 1873. 
 
 The highest monument in the world is the Washing- 
 ton monument, being 555 feet. The highest structure of 
 any kind is the Eiffel Tower, Paris, finished in 1889 and 989 
 feet high. 
 
 It is claimed that crows, eagles, ravens and swans live to 
 be 100 years old; herons, 59; parrots, 60; pelicans and geese, 
 50; skylarks, 30; sparrow hawks, 40; peacocks, canaries 
 and cranes. 24. 
 
 The greatest cataract in the world is Niagara, the height 
 of the American falls being 165 feet. The highest fall of 
 water in the world is that of the Yosemite in California, be- 
 ing 2,550 feet. 
 
 The most ancient catacombs are those of the Theban 
 kings, begun 4,000 years ago. The catacombs of Rome con- 
 tain the remains of about 6,000,000 human beings; those of 
 Paris, 3,000,000. 
 
 The quickest passage ever made across the Atlantic was 
 that of the steamer Lucania, of the Cunard line, heing5 days 
 7 hours and 23 minutes from New York to Queenstown ; 
 the distance being 2,850 miles. 
 
 There has been no irregularity in the recurrence of leap 
 year every four years since 1800, and will be none until 
 1900, which will be a common year, although it will come 
 fourth after the preceding leap year. 
 
 The first English newspaper was the Etiglisk Mercury, 
 issued in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and was issued in 
 the shape of a pamphlet. The Gazette of Venice was the 
 original model of the modern newspaper. 
 
 The Mormon Church in Utah shows a membership of 
 127,294—23,000 families. The church has 12 apostles, 58 
 patriarchs, 3,885 seventies, 3,153 high priests, 11,000 elders, 
 1,500 bishops, and 4,400 deacons, being an office for each six 
 persons. 
 
130 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED 
 
 A "monkey wrench" is not so named because it is a 
 handy thing to monkey with,- or for any kindred reason. 
 " Monkey " is not its name at all, but " Moncky." Charles 
 Moncky, the inventor of it, sold his patent for $2,000, and 
 invested the money in a house in Williamsburg, King's 
 County, N. Y., where he now lives. 
 
 The Union arch of the Washington Aqueduct is the 
 largest in the world, being 220 feet ; 20 feet in excess of the 
 Chester arch across the Dee in England, 68 feet longer than 
 that of the London Bridge ; 92 feet longer than that at Neuilly 
 on the Seine, and 100 feet longer than that of Waterloo 
 Bridge. The height of the Washington arch is 100 feet. 
 
 The largest ship ever built, the Great Eastern, recently 
 broken to pieces and sold to junk dealers, was designed and 
 constructed by Scott Russell, at Maxwell, on the Thames. 
 Work on the giant vessel was commenced in May, 1854. 
 She was successfully launched January 13, 1858. The 
 launching alone occupied the time from November 3, 1857, 
 until the date above given. Her total length was 600 feet ; 
 breadth, 118 feet ; total weight when launched 12,000 tons. 
 Her first trip of any consequence was made to New York in 
 1859-60. 
 
 The most extensive mines in the world are those of Frei- 
 berg, Saxony. They were begun in the twelfth century, and 
 in 1835 the galleries, taken collectively, had reached the 
 unprecedented length of 123 miles. A new gallery, begun 
 in 1838, had reached a length of eight miles at the time of 
 the census of 1878. The deepest perpendicular mining 
 shaft in the world is located at Prizilram, Bohemia. It is a 
 lead mine ; it was begun 1832. January, 1880, it was 3,280 
 feet deep. The deepest coal mine in the world is near 
 Tourney, Belgium ; it is 3,542 feet in depth, but, unlike the 
 lead mine mentioned above, it is not perpendicular. The 
 deepest rock-salt bore in the world is near Berlin, Prussia ; 
 it is 4,185 feet deep. The deepest hole ever bored into the 
 earth is the artesian well at Pottsdam, which is 5,500 feet in 
 depth. The deepest coal mines in England are the Dun- 
 kirk collieries of Lancashire, which are 2,824 feet in depth. 
 
FACTS WORTH KNOWING. 131 
 
 The deepest coal shaft in the United States is located at 
 Pottsville, Pa. In 1885 it had reached a depth of 1,576 feet. 
 From this great depth 400 cars, holding four tons each, are 
 hoisted daily. The deepest silver mine in the United States 
 is the Yellow Jacket, one of the great Comstock system at 
 Virginia City, Nevada ; the lower levels are 2,700 feet 
 below the hoisting works. 
 
 FATE OF THE APOSTLES.— The following brief his- 
 tory of the fate of the Apostles may be new to those whose 
 reading has not been evangelical. 
 
 St. Matthew is supposed to have suffered martyrdom or 
 was slain with the sword at the city of Ethiopia. 
 
 St. Mark was dragged through the streets of Alexandria, 
 in Egypt, till he expired. 
 
 St. Luke was hanged upon an olive tree in Greece. 
 
 St. John was put into a caldron of boiling oil at Rome and 
 escaped death. He afterward died a natural death at Ephe- 
 sus in Asia. 
 
 St. James the Great was beheaded at Jerusalem. 
 
 St. James the Less was thrown from a pinnacle or wing 
 of the temple and then beaten to death with a fuller's club. 
 
 St. Philip was hanged up against a pillar at Hieropolis, a 
 city of Phrygia. 
 
 St. Bartholomew was flayed alive by the command of a 
 barbarous king. 
 
 St. Andrew was bound to a cross, whence he preached 
 unto the people until he expired. 
 
 St. Thomas was run through the body with a lance at 
 Caromandel, in the East Indias. 
 
 St. Jude was shot to death with arrows. 
 
 St. Simon Zealot was crucified in Persia. 
 
 St. Matthias was first stoned and then beheaded. 
 
 St. Barnabas was stoned to death by Jews at Salania. 
 
 St. Paul was beheaded at Rome by the tyrant Nero. 
 
 The capital of the United States has been located at dif- 
 ferent times at the following places : At Philadelphia from 
 Sept. 5, 1774, until Dec, 1776 ; at Baltimore from Dec. 20. 
 
182 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 1776, to March, 1777 ; at Philadelphia from March 4, 1777, 
 to Sept., 1777; at Lancaster, Pa., from Sept. 27,1777, to 
 Sept. 30, 1777 ; at York, Pa., from Sept. 30, 1777, to July, 
 1778 ; at Philadelphia from July 2, 1778, to June 30, 1783 ; 
 at Princeton, N. J., June 30. 1783, to Nov. 20, 1783 ; Annap- 
 olis, Md., Nov. 26, 1783, to Nov. 30, 1784 ; Trenton, from 
 Nov. 1784 to Jan., 1785 ; New York from Jan., 11, 1785, to 
 1790; then the seat of government was removed to Phila- 
 delphia where it remained until 1800, since which time it 
 has been in Washington. 
 
 THE SINGLE TAX. 
 
 This idea was first formulated by Mr. Henry George in 
 1879, and has grown steadily in favor. Single tax men assert as 
 a fundamental principle that all men are equally entitled to 
 the use of the earth ; therefore no one should be allowed to 
 hold valuable land without paying to the community the 
 value of the privilege. They hold that this is the only 
 rightful source of public revenue, and they would therefore 
 abolish all taxation — local, State and national — except a tax 
 upon the rental value of land exclusive of its improve- 
 ments, the revenue thus raised to be divided among local. 
 State and general governments, as the revenue from certain 
 direct taxes is now divided between local and State gov- 
 ernments. 
 
 The single tax would not fall on all land, but only on 
 valuable land, and on that in proportion to its value. It 
 would thus be a tax, not on use or improvements, but on 
 ownership of land, taking what would otherwise go to the 
 landlord as owner. 
 
 In accordance with the principle that all men are equally 
 entitled to the use of the earth, they would solve the trans- 
 portation problem by public ownership and control of all 
 highways, including the roadbeds of railroads, leaving their 
 use equally free to all. 
 
 The single tax system would, they claim, dispense with a 
 hoard of tax-gatherers, simplify government, and greatly 
 reduce its cost ; give us with all the world that absolute free 
 
FACTS WORTH KNCJWING. 
 
 133 
 
 trade which now exists between the States of the Union ; 
 abolish ail taxes on private issues of money ; take the weight 
 of taxation from agricultural districts, where land has little 
 or no value apart from improvements, and put it upon valu- 
 able land, such as city lots and mineral deposits. It would 
 call upon men to contribute for public expenses in propor- 
 tion to the natural opportunities they monopolize, and make 
 it unprofitable for speculators to hold land unused, or only 
 partly used, thus opening to labor unlimited fields of employ- 
 ment, solving the labor problem and abolishing involuntary 
 poverty. 
 
 VALUE OF FOREIGN COINS. 
 
 Proclaimed by Law, January 1, 1891. 
 
 Country. 
 
 Argentine Repub'c 
 
 Austria 
 
 Belgium 
 
 Bolivia 
 
 Brazil 
 
 Canada 
 
 Chili 
 
 China 
 
 Cuba 
 
 Denmark 
 
 Ecuador 
 
 Egypt 
 
 France 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 Greece . 
 
 German Empire.. . . 
 
 Hayti 
 
 India 
 
 Italy 
 
 Japan 
 
 Liberia 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Netherlands 
 
 Norway 
 
 Peru 
 
 Portugal 
 
 Russia - . 
 
 Sandwich Islands. . 
 
 Spain 
 
 Sweden 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Tripoli 
 
 Turkey 
 
 U. S of Columbia. . 
 Venezuela 
 
 Monetary Unit 
 
 Peso 
 
 Florin 
 
 Franc 
 
 Boliviano.. 
 Milreis. ... 
 Dollar. ... 
 
 Peso 
 
 Tael 
 
 Peso 
 
 Crown . 
 
 Peso 
 
 Piaster 
 
 Franc 
 
 Pound St'g 
 Drachma.. 
 
 Mark 
 
 Gourde . . . 
 
 Rupee 
 
 Lira 
 
 Yen 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Florin 
 
 Crown .... 
 Sol 
 
 Milreis 
 
 Rouble 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Peseta. . . . 
 Crown. .. 
 
 Franc 
 
 Mahbub. . . 
 Piaster 
 
 Peso 
 
 Bolivar 
 
 Standard. 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold 
 
 Gold 
 
 Gold and Silver.. 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold and Silver. . 
 
 Gold 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Gold and Silver. . 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold and Silver. 
 Gold. 
 
 Silver , 
 
 Gold 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Gold and Silver.. 
 
 Gold 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 Silver.. 
 
 Gold 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 Value in 
 U. S. Money, 
 
 96 5-10 
 38 1-10 
 19 3-10 
 77 1-10 
 54 6-10 
 1 00 
 
 91 2-10 
 1 27 
 
 92 6-10 
 26 8-10 
 77 1 10 
 
 04 9 
 19 3 
 86 6 
 19 3 
 23 8 
 98 5 
 
 35 6-10 
 
 19 3 
 85 
 
 1 CO 
 83 
 40 2 
 26 8 
 77 1 
 
 1 08 
 61 7- 
 
 1 00 
 19 3 
 26 8 
 19 3 
 69 5 
 04 4 
 79 5 
 15 4 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
134 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 The largest producing farm in the world lies in the south, 
 west corner of Louisiana, owned by a northern syndicate. 
 It runs one hundred miles north and south. The im- 
 mense tract is divided into convenient pastures, with stations 
 of ranches every six miles. The fencing alone cost nearly 
 $50,000. 
 
 The " Seven Wonders of the "World " are seven most 
 remarkable objects of the ancient world. They are : The 
 Pyramids of Egypt, "Pharos of Alexandria, Walls and Hang- 
 ing Gardens of Babylon, Temple of Diana at Ephesus, the 
 Statue of the Olympian Jupiter, Mausoleum of Artemisia, 
 and Colossus of Rhodes. 
 
 The seven sages flourished in Greece in the 6th century 
 B. C. They were renowned for their maxims of life, and 
 as the authors of the mottoes inscribed in the Delphian Tem- 
 ple. Their names are : Solon, Chilo, Pittacus, Bias, Perian- 
 der, Cleobolus, and Thales. 
 
 The estimated number of Christians in the world is over 
 408,000,000 ; of Buddhists, 420,000,000 ; of the followers of 
 Brahma, 180,000,000; of Mohammedans, 150,000,000; of 
 Jews, 8,000,000 ; of atheists, deists, and infidels, 85,000,000; 
 of pagans, 50,000,000, and of the 1,100 other minor creeds, 
 123,000,000. 
 
 In 1775 there were only twenty-seven newspapers pub- 
 lished in the United States. Ten years later, in 17S5, there 
 were seven published in the English language in Philadel- 
 phia alone, of which one was a daily. The oldest news- 
 paper published in Philadelphia at the time of the Federal 
 convention was the Penfisylvatiia Gazette, established by 
 Samuel Keimer, in 1728. The second newspaper in point 
 of age was the Petmsylvattia Jottrnal, established in 1742 by 
 William Bradford, whose uncle, Andrew Bradford, estab- 
 lished the first newspaper in Pennsylvania, the American 
 Weekly Mercury, in 1719. The next in age, but the first in 
 importance, was the Pefntsylvania Packet, established by 
 John Dunlop in 1771. In 1784 it became a daily, being the 
 first daily newspaper printed on this continent. 
 
GEMS OF THOUGHT. 
 
 Poor Richard's Almanac 
 
 BY 
 
 Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 m 
 
POOR RICHARD'S ALMANAC. 
 
 Courteous Reader: 
 
 I have heard that nothing gives an author so great pleasure 
 as to find his works respectfully quoted by other learned 
 authors. This pleasure I have seldom enjoyed. For though 
 I have been, if I may say it without vanity, an eminent au- 
 thor of Abnanacs annually now for a full quarter of a cen- 
 tury, my brother authors in the same way, for what reason I 
 know not, have ever been very sparing in their applauses; 
 and no other author has taken the least notice of me; so that 
 did not my writings produce me some solid pudding, the 
 great deficiency of praise would have quite discouraged me. 
 
 I concluded at length that the people were the best judges 
 of my merit, for they buy my works; and besides, in my 
 rambles where I am not personally known,! have frequently 
 heard one or other of my adages repeated, with as Poor 
 Richard says at the end of it. This gave me some satisfac- 
 tion, as it showed, not only that my instructions were 
 regarded, but discovered likewise some respect for my 
 authority; and I own that to encourage the practice of 
 remembering and repeating those sentences, I have some- 
 times quoted myself with great gravity. 
 
 Judge, then, how much I must have been gratified by an 
 incident I am going to relate to you I stopped my horse 
 lately where a great number of peopl ; were collected at a 
 vendue of merchant's goods. The hour of sale not being 
 come, they were conversing on the badness of the times; 
 and one of the company called to a plain, clean old man 
 with white locks, "Pray, Father Abraham, what think you of 
 the times? Won't these heavy taxes quite ruin the country? 
 How shall we ever be able to pay them? What would you 
 advise us to?" Father Abraham stood up and replied: "If 
 you would have my advice, I will give it you in short; for 
 A ivorcl to the wise is enough, and Many words won't fill a 
 bushel, as Poor Richard says." They all joined, desiring 
 him to speak his mind, and gathering round him he pro' 
 ceeded as follows: 
 
 136 
 
GEMS OF THOUGHT. 137 
 
 Friends, says he, and neighbors, the taxes are indeed very 
 heavy, and if those laid on by the government were the only 
 ones we had to pay, we might the more easily discharge 
 them; but we have many others, and much more grievous to 
 some of us. We are taxed twice as much by our idleness, 
 three times as much by our pride, and four times as much 
 by our folly; and from these taxes the commissioners can- 
 not ease or deliver us, by allowing an abatement. However, 
 let us hearken to good advice, and something may be done 
 for us; Ood helps them tluit lielp themselves, as Poor Richard 
 says in his Almnnac of 1733. 
 
 It would be thought a hard government that should tax its 
 people one tenth part of their time, to be employed in its 
 service, but idleness taxes many of us much more, if we 
 reckon all that is spent in absolute sloth, or doing of nothing, 
 with that which is spent in idle employments or amusements 
 that amount to nothing. Sloth, by bringing on disease, ab- 
 solutely shortens life. SloUi, llkerust, consumes faster than 
 labor wears; ichile the used key is always brUjht, as Poor 
 Richard says. But dost thou love life? Then do not squander 
 time, for thaVs the stuff life is made of, as Poor Richard 
 says. 
 
 How much more that is necessary do we spend in sleep? 
 forgetting that the sleeping fox catches no poultry, and that 
 t/iere will he sleeping enough in the grave, as Poor Richard 
 says. If time be of all things the most precious, x<;asti?i(7 of 
 time must be, as Poor Richard says, the greatest prodigality ; 
 since, as he elsewhere tells us, lost time is never foimd again; 
 and what we call time enough! always proves little enough. 
 Let us then up and be doing, and doing to the purpose; so, 
 by diligence, shall we do more with less perplexitJ^ Sloth 
 makes all things difficult, but industry all things easy, as 
 Poor Richard says; and He that riseth latemust trot all day, 
 arid shall scarce overtake his business at night; while lazi- 
 ness travels so slowly that Ptyvcrty soon overtakes liim, as we 
 read in Poor Richard; who adds. Drive thy business! let not 
 that drive thee! and 
 
 Early to bed and early to rise 
 
 Makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 
 
188 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 Sc \vhat signifies ivishing and hoping for better times? 
 We may make these times better if we bestir ourselves. 
 Industry need not wish, as Poor Richard says, and He that 
 lives on hope ivill die fastiiig. There are no gains ivithout 
 pains; then help, hands! for I have no lands; or if I have 
 they are smartly taxed. And, as Poor Richard likewise ob- 
 serves, He that hath a. trade hath an estate, and he thai hath 
 a calling hath an office of profit and honor; but then the 
 trade must be worked at, <ind the calling well followed, or 
 neither the estate nor the office will enable us to pay our 
 taxes. If we are industrious we shall never starve; for, as 
 Poor Richard says. At the ivorking-man's house hunger looks 
 in, but dares not enter. Nor will the bailiff or the const-^ble 
 enter, fos Industry pays debts, ivhile despair increaseth 
 them. 
 
 What though you have found no treasure, nor has any rich 
 relation left you a legacy, Diligence is the mother of good 
 luck, as Poor Richard says, and Ood gives all things to 
 industry. 
 
 Then plough deep while sluggards sleep, 
 And you shall have corn to sell and to keep, 
 
 says Poor Dick. Work while it is called to-day, for you 
 know not how much you may be hindered to-morrow; which 
 makes Poor Richard say, 0?ie to-day is ivorth two to-morroivs ; 
 and farther. Have you somewhat to do to-morrow? Do it 
 to-day! 
 
 If you were a servant, would you not be ashamed that a 
 good master should catch you idle? Are you then your own 
 master? Be ashamed to catch yourself idle, as Poor Dick 
 says. When there is so much to be done for yourself, your 
 family, your country, and your gracious king, be up by peep 
 of day! Let not the sun look down and say, "Inglorious 
 here he lies!" Handle your tools without mittens! remem- 
 ber that The cat in gloves catches no mice! as Poor Richard 
 says. 
 
 'T is true there is much to be done, and perhaps you are 
 weak-handed; but stick to it steadily, and you will see great 
 effects; for Constant dropping wears away stones; and By 
 
GEMS OF THOUGHT 139 
 
 dlli<jcncc and patience the mouse ate in two the cable; and 
 Little strokes fell fjreat oaks; as Poor Richard says in his 
 Almanac, the year I cannot just now remember. 
 
 Metliinks I hear some of you say, "Must a man afford 
 himself no leisure?" I wJIi tell thee, my friend, what Poor 
 Richard says, Eniploy thy time well, if thou meanest to gain 
 leisure; and Since thou art not sure of a minute, throw not 
 aivay an hour! Leisure is time for doing something useful; 
 this leisure the diligent man will obtain, but the lazy man 
 never; so that, as Poor Richard says, A life of leisure 
 and a life of laziness are two things. Do you imagine 
 that sloth will afford you more comfort than labor? No! 
 for, as Poor Richard says. Trouble springs from idleness, 
 and (/r/ci'ous toil from needless case. MamJ, 7oithout labor, 
 would live by their wits only, but they 'II brcaJi for want of 
 stock [i. e. capital]; whereas industry gives comfort, and 
 plenty, and respect. Fly pleasures, and they 'II follow you. 
 Ilic diligent spinner has a large shift; and 
 
 Now I have a sheep and a cow. 
 Everybody bids me pood morrow. 
 
 All which is well said by Poor Richard. But with our 
 industry we must likewise be steady, settled, and careful, 
 and oversee our own affairs with our own eyes, and not trust 
 too much to others; for, as Poor Richard says, 
 I never saw an oft removed tree, 
 Nor yet an oft removed family, 
 That throve so well as those that settled be. 
 
 And again, Three removes are as bad as afire; and again, 
 Keep thy shop, and thy shop will keep thee; and again, If ymi 
 would have your business done, go; if not, send. And again, 
 
 He that by the plough would thrive. 
 
 Himself must either hold or drive. 
 
 And again, Tlie eye of the master will do more work than 
 both his hands; and again. Want of care does its more dam- 
 age than ivant of knowledge; and again, Not to oversee work- 
 men Is to leave tlicm your purse open. 
 
 Trusting too much to others' care is the ruin of many; for, 
 as the Almanac says, In the affairs of this rvorld men are 
 saved, not by faith, but by the want of it; but a man's own 
 
140 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 care is profitable; for saith Poor Dick, Lea7-ni?i(7 is to the 
 studious, ami liicJics to the careful; as well as, Power to the 
 bold, and Heaven to the virtuous. And further, // you 
 would have a faithful servant, and one that yuu like, serve 
 yourself. 
 
 And again, he adviseth to circumspection and care, even 
 in the smallest matters; because, sometimes, A Utile neglect 
 may breed great mischief; adding, for want of a nail the 
 shoe was lost; for ivant of a sJwe the horse rvas lost; and for 
 want of a horse the rider ivas lost; being overtaken and slain 
 by the enemy; all for want of a little care about a horse- 
 shoe nail! 
 
 So much for industry, my friends, and attention to one's 
 own business; but to these we must add frugality, if we 
 would make our industry more certainly successful. A man 
 may, if he knows not how to save as he gets, keep his nose 
 all hia life to the grindstone, and die not xvorth a groat at 
 last. A fat kitchen makes a lean will, as Poor Richard says; 
 and 
 
 Many estates are spent in the getting'. 
 
 Since women for tea* forsook spinning and knitting, 
 
 And men for puncli forsook hewing and splitting. 
 
 If you would be wealthy, says he in another Almanac, 
 Think of saving as well as of getting. The Indies have not 
 made Spain 7'ich; because her outgoes are greater than her 
 incomes. 
 
 Away, then, with your expensive follies, and you will not 
 have so much cause to complain of hard times, heavy taxes, 
 and chargeable families; for, as Poor Dick says, — 
 
 Women and wine, game and deceit. 
 
 Make the wealth small and the wants great. 
 
 And farther, What maintains one vice ivould bring up two 
 children. You may think, perhaps, that a little tea, or a 
 little punch now and then; a diet a little more costly; clothes 
 a little more finer; and a little more entertainment now and 
 then, can be no great matter; but remember what Poor 
 Richard says; Many a little makes a micklc; and further, 
 
 •>Tea at this time was a costly drink, and was regarded as a luzurv. 
 
GEMS OF THOUGHT. 141 
 
 Beware of Uttle expenses; A small leak will sink a great 
 ship; and again, — 
 
 Who dainties love, shall beggars prove; 
 
 and moreover, Fools make feasts and wise men eat them. 
 
 Here are you all got together at this vendue of fineries 
 knick-knacks. You call them goods; but if you do not take 
 care, they will prove evils to some of you. You expect they 
 will be sold cheap, and perhaps they may for less than they 
 cost; but, if you have no occasion for them, they must be 
 dear to you. Remember what Poor Richard says: Buy 
 what th(ju hast no need of and ere long thou slialt sell thy 
 necessaries. And again, At a great pennyworth, pause a 
 while. He means, that perhaps the cheapness is apparent 
 only, and not real; or the bargain by straitening thee in thy 
 business, may do thee more harm than good. For in an- 
 other place he says. Many have been ruined by buying good 
 pennyworths. 
 
 Again, Poor Richard says, 'T Is foolish to lay out money 
 in a purchase of repentance; and yet this folly is practiced 
 every day at vendues for want of minding the Almanac. 
 
 Wise men, as Poor Richard says, leai-n by others' harms; 
 Fools scarcely by their own; but Felix quern faciunt aliena 
 pericula cautum* Many a one for the sake of finery on 
 the^back, has gone with a hungry belly, and half-starved 
 their families. Silks and satins, scarlets and velvets, ag 
 Poor Richard says, put out the kitcheyi fire. These are not 
 the necessaries of life; they can scarcely be called the con- 
 veniences; and yet, only because they look pretty, how 
 many ■U'ant to have them! The artificial wants of mankind 
 thus become more numerous than the natural; and, as Poor 
 Dick says. For one poor person there are a hundred indigent. 
 
 By these and other extravagances, the genteel are reduced 
 to poverty, and forced to borrow of those whom they for- 
 merly despised, but who, through industry and frugality, 
 have maintained their standing; in which case it appears 
 I)lainly, that A ploughman on his legs is higher than a gen- 
 tlenuin on }i,is knees, as Poor Richard says. Perhaps they 
 * He ^s a lucky fellow who is aiade prudent by other men'i perils. 
 
142 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 have had a small estate left them, which they know not the 
 getting of; they think, 'T is day, and will never be nUjht, 
 that (I little to he spent out of so much is not trorth minding; 
 (A child find n fool, as Poor Richard says, imagine twenty 
 shillings and twenty years can never be spent,) but Always 
 taking out of the meal-tub aud never putting in, soon comes 
 to the bottom. Then, as Poor Dick says. When the loell 's 
 dry, they knotv the worth of water. But this they might 
 have known before, if they had taken his advice. If you 
 would know the value of money, go and. try to borrow some; 
 for He that goes a borrowing, goes a sorroicing, and indeed, 
 so does he that lends to such people, when he goes to get it 
 in again. 
 Poor Dick further advises, and says — 
 
 Foud pride of dress is, sure a very cur«e; 
 Ere fancy you consult, consult your purse. 
 And again. Pride is as loud a beggar as Want, and a great 
 deal more smicy. When you have bought one fine thing, 
 you must buy ten more, that your appearance may be all of 
 a piece; but Poor Dick says, 'Tis easier to sm^press the first 
 desire thmi to satisfi/ all that follow it. Awd 't is as truly 
 folly for the poor to ape the rich, as for the Ixog to swell in 
 order to equal the ox. 
 
 Great estates may venture more. 
 
 But little boats should keep near shpte. 
 
 'T is, however, a folly soon punished; for. Pride that dines 
 on vanity sups on contempt, as Poor Ivicharc^ says. And in 
 another place. Pride breakfasted with Plci<ty, dined tvlth 
 Poverty, and supped ivith Infamy. 
 
 And after all, of what use is this pride of a»-»pearance, for 
 which so much is risked, so much is suH'ered? It cannot 
 promote health or ease pain; it makes no increase of merit 
 in the person; it creates envy; it hastens misfor'une. 
 
 What is a butterfly? At best ' 
 
 He 's but a caterpillar drest, 
 
 The g-audy fop 's his picture just, 
 
 as Poor Richard says. 
 
 But what madness must it be to run into (?eL* foi these 
 superfluities! We are offered, by the terms of this ycadue, 
 
GEMS OF THOUGHT. 143 
 
 six months' credit; and that, perhaps, has induced some of 
 us to attend it, because wc cannot spare the ready money, 
 and hope now to be fine without it. But, ah! think what 
 you do when you run in debt: You give to another -power 
 over your liberty. If you cannot pay at the time, you will 
 be ashamed to see your creditor; you will be in fear when 
 you speak to him; you will make poor, pitiful, sneaking 
 excuses, and by degrees conic to lose your veracity, and sink 
 into base, downright lying; for, as Poor Richard says, The 
 second vice is lyimj, the first is ru7ininij inti) debt; and again, 
 to the same purpose, lying rides upon debt's back; whereas 
 a free-born Englishman ought not to be ashamed or a'fraid 
 to see or speak to any man living. But poverty often de- 
 prives a man of all spirit and virtue. 'Tis hitrd for an empty 
 bag to stand upright! as Poor Richard truly says. What 
 would you think of that prince, or the government who 
 should issue an edict forbidding you to dress like a gentle- 
 man or gentlewoman, on pain of imprisonment or servitude? 
 Would you not say that you are free, have a right to dress 
 as you please, and that such an edict would be a breach of 
 your privileges, and such a government tyranical? And yet 
 you are about to put yourself under such tyranny, when 
 you run in debt for such dress! Your creditor has authority, 
 at his pleasure, to deprive you of your liberty, by confining 
 you in jail for life, or to sell you for a servant, if you should 
 not be able to pay him.* When you have got your bargain 
 you may, perhaps, think little of payment; but Creditors 
 (Poor Richard tells us) have better memories than debtors; 
 and in another place says, Creditors are a superstitious set, 
 great observers of set days and times. The day comes round 
 before you are aware, and the demand is made before you 
 are prepared to satisfy it; or, or if you bear your debt in 
 mind, the term which at first seemed so long, will, as it less- 
 ens, appear extremely short. Time will seem to have added 
 wings to his heels as well as his shoulders. Those have a 
 short Lent, saith Poor Richard, irfio owe money to be pitid at 
 
 *At the time when this was written, and for many years afterward, 
 lUt laws against bankrupts and poor debtors were extremely severe, 
 
144 ONE THOUSAKD SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 Easter. Then, since, as he says, The borrower is a slave to 
 the lender, and the debtor to the creditor, disdain the chain, 
 preserve your freedom, and maintain your independency. 
 Be industrious and free; be friigul and free. At present, 
 perhaps, you may think yourself in thriving circumstances, 
 and that you can bear a little extravagance without injury; 
 
 but — 
 
 For age and want, save while you may. 
 No morning: sun lasts a whole day. 
 
 As Poor Richard says, gain may be temporary and uncer- 
 tain; but ever, while you live, expense is constant and cer- 
 tain; and 'Tis easier to build. t7uo chimneys than to keep one 
 in fuel, as Poor Richard says; so. Rather go to bed supperless 
 than rise in debt. 
 
 Get what you can and what you get hold : 
 'T is the stone that will turn all your lead into gold,* 
 as Poor Richard says; and, when you have got the Philoso- 
 pher's stone, sure, you will no longer complain of bad times 
 or the difficulty of paying taxes. 
 
 This doctrine, my friends, is reason and wisdom; but, after 
 all, do not depend too much upon your own industry and 
 frugality and prudence, though excellent things; for they 
 may all be blasted without the blessing of Heaven; and 
 therefore, ask that blessing humbly, and be not uncharitable 
 to those that at present seem to want it, but comfort and 
 help them. Remember Job suffered, and was afterwards 
 prosperous. 
 
 And now, to conclude, Experience keeps a dear school, but 
 fools will learn in no other, and scarce in that; for it is true, 
 We may give advice, hut tve cannot give conduct, as Poor 
 Richard says. However, remember this. They that won't be 
 counselled, can't be helped, as Poor Richard says; and fur- 
 ther, that. If you will not hear reason, she 'II surely mp your 
 kmickles. 
 
 Thus the old gentleman ended his harangue. The people 
 heard it, and approved the doctrine; and immediately prac- 
 ticed the contrary, just as if it had been a common sermon. 
 
 ♦In the Middle Ages there was a great search made for the philoso- 
 pher's stone, as it was called, a mineral which should have the 
 power of turning base metals into gold. 
 
GEMS OF TUOIT.HT. 145 
 
 For the vendue opened, and they began to buy extrava- 
 gantly, notwithstanding ail his cautions, and their own fear 
 of taxes. I found the good man had thoroughly studied my 
 Almanacs, and digested all I had dropped on those topics 
 during the course of five-and-twenty years. The frequent 
 mention he made of me must have tired any one else; but 
 my vanity was wonderfully delighted with it, though I was 
 conscious that not a tenth part of the wisdom was my own 
 which he ascribed tome, but rather the gleanings that I had 
 made of the sense of all ages and nations. However, I re- 
 solved to be the better for the echo of it; and, though I had 
 at first determined to buy stuff for a new coat, I went away 
 resolved to wear my old one a little longer. Reader, if thou 
 wilt do the same, thy profit will be as great as mine. I am, 
 as ever, thine to serve thee, 
 
 Richard Saunders. 
 July 7, 1757. 
 
 THE WATER-MILL. 
 
 Oh! listen to the water-mill, through all the live-long day, 
 As the clicking of the wheels wears hour by hour away; 
 How languidly the autumn wind doth stir the withered 
 
 leaves, 
 As on the field the reapers sing, while binding up the 
 
 • sheaves! 
 A solemn proverb strikes my mind, and as a spell is cast, 
 " The mill will never grind again with water that is past." 
 
 The summer winds revive no more leaves strewn o'er earth 
 
 and main. 
 The sickle never more will reap the yellow garnered grain; 
 The rippling stream flows ever on, aye tranquil, deep, and 
 
 still. 
 But never glideth back again to busy water-mill. 
 The solemn proverb speaks to all, with meaning deep and 
 
 vast, 
 "The mill will never grind again with water that is past." 
 
 Oh! clasp the proverb to thy soul, dear loving heart and true, 
 For golden years are fleeting by, and youth is passing too; 
 Ah! learn to make the most of life, nor lose one happy day, 
 For time will ne'er return sweet joys neglected, thrown away; 
 Nor leave one tender word unsaid, thy kindness sow broad- 
 cast — 
 "The mill will never grind again with water that is past." 
 
146 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 Oh! the wasted hours of life, that have swiftly drifted by, 
 Alas! the good we might have done, all gone without a sigh; 
 Love that we might once have saved by a single kindly word, 
 Thoughts 'conceived but ne'er expressed, perishing un- 
 penned, unheard. 
 Oh! take the lesson to thy soul, forever clasp it fast, 
 "The mill will never grind again with water that is past." 
 
 Work on while yet the sun doth shine, thou man of strength 
 and will, 
 
 The streamlet ne'er doth useless glide by clicking water- 
 mill; 
 
 Nor wait until to-morrow's light beams brightly on thy way. 
 
 For all that thou canst call thine own, lies in the phrase, 
 "to-day;" 
 
 Possessions, power, and blooming health, must all be lost at 
 last— 
 
 "The mill will never grind again with water that is past." 
 
 Oh! love thy God and fellow man, thyself consider last. 
 For come it will when thou must scan dark errors of the 
 
 past; 
 Soon will this fight of life be o'er, and earth recede frorri 
 
 view, 
 And heaven in all its glory shine where all is pure and true. 
 Ah! then thou'lt see more clearly still the proverb deep and 
 
 vast, 
 "The mill will never grind again with water that is past." 
 
 D. C. McCallum. 
 
 Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at 
 the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! 
 I know not what course others may take, but as for me, 
 give me liberty or give me death. Patrick Henry. 
 
 The law is a soit of hocus-pocus science, that smiles in 
 yer face while it picks yer pocket; and the glorious uncer- 
 tainty of it is of mair use to the professors than the justice 
 of it. Macklin. 
 
 OUR MISSION. 
 
 In calm and stormy weather 
 
 Dor mission is to grow; 
 To keep the angle paramount 
 
 And bind the brute below. 
 
GEMS OF THOUGHT. 147 
 
 We grow not all in sunshine, 
 
 But richly in the rain; 
 And what we deem our losses 
 
 May prove our final gain. 
 
 The snows and frosts of winter 
 
 A richer fruitage bring; 
 From battling with the anvil 
 
 The smith's grand muscles spring. 
 
 *Tis by the law of contrast 
 
 That fine effects are seen; 
 As thus we blend in colors 
 
 The orange with the green. 
 
 By action and reaction 
 
 We reach our perfect growth; 
 Nor by excess of neither, 
 
 But equipoise of both. 
 
 The same code binds the human 
 
 That governs mother earth; 
 God cradled her in tempest 
 
 And earthquakes from her birth. 
 
 Our life is but a struggle 
 
 For perfect equipoise; 
 Our pains are often jewels. 
 
 Our pleasures gilded toys. 
 
 Between the good and evil 
 
 The monarch will must stand, 
 To shape the final issue 
 
 By God's divine command. 
 
 Our mission is to battle 
 
 With ill in every form — 
 To borrow strength and volume 
 
 From contact with the storm. 
 
 In the beautiful hereafter 
 
 These blinding mortal tears 
 Shall crystalize in jewels 
 
 To sparkle in the shears. 
 
 With weak and moldish vision 
 
 We work our way below; 
 But sure our souls are building 
 
 Much wiser than we know. 
 
148 ONE THOUSAND SECRETS REVEALED. 
 
 And when the work is finished 
 
 The scaffolding then falls; 
 And lo! a radiant temple, 
 
 With pearl and sapphire walls. 
 
 A temple far transcending 
 
 The grandest piles below, 
 Whose dome shall blaze with splendor. 
 
 In God's eternal glow. 
 
 Wealth is necessary; let us not disclaim against it; every 
 nation needs it to attain the highest achievements in civili- 
 zation. But it is a blessing only as a servant, and is de- 
 structive as a master. John P. Altgeld. 
 
 If I were a young man I should ally myself with some 
 high and at present unpopular cause, and devote my every 
 effort to accomplish its .success. John G. Whittier. 
 
 Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, 
 Where wealth accumulates and men decay. 
 
 Princes and lords may flourish and may fade ; 
 A breath can make them, as breath has made ; 
 But an honest peasantry, a country's pride, 
 When once destroyed, can never be supplied." 
 
 War preys on two things — life and property : but he preys 
 with a partial appetite. Feasting on life, he licks his jaws 
 and says, " More, by your leave ! " Devouring property, he 
 says, between grin and glut, "This is so good that it ought 
 to be paid for! " Into the vacuum of wasted life rush the 
 moaning winds of grief and desolation ; into the vacuum of 
 wasted property rushes the goblin of debt. The wasted life 
 is transformed at length into a reminiscent glory ; the 
 wasted property becomes a hideous nightmare . The heroes 
 fallen rise from their bloody cerements into everlasting fame ; 
 the property destroyed rises from the red and flame-swept 
 field as a spectral vampire, sucking the still warm blood of 
 the heroic dead and of their posthumous babes to the tenth 
 generation ! The name of the vampire is Bond. 
 
 John Clark Ridpath- 
 
SPEECHES OF G. f\. BOGflRDUS. 
 
 " I don't know much about 
 the tariff question, but I think I 
 know enouph to know that if we 
 buy $20.00 worth of rails of a for- 
 eigner, the foreigner will have 
 the money and we will have the 
 rails, but if we make the rails In 
 America and buy them of an 
 American, America will have the 
 money and the rails too." 
 
 Abraham Lincoln. 
 
 "Nothing should ever tempt 
 us— nothing will ever tempt u.s 
 to scale down the sacred debt of 
 the nation through a legal tech- 
 nicality. Whatever may be the 
 language of the contract the 
 United States will discharge all 
 its obligations in the currency 
 recognized as the best through- 
 out the civilized world at the 
 time of payment." 
 
 Wm. McKinlet. 
 
 This word to all when I am 
 dead. 
 
 Be sure you are right then 
 go ahead." 
 
 Datid Ceockbtt, 
 
 "I don't know much about 
 the money question, but it ap- 
 pears to me that if under the 
 gold standard we borrow $20,000- 
 000 of a foreigner, when we pay 
 it back the foreiirner wiU have 
 the money and the interest too, 
 but if we coin the silver (which 
 is an American product) into 
 American dollars, borrow iji20,000- 
 000 of an American, when we pay 
 it back America will have the 
 money and the interest too." 
 
 C. A. BOGARDUS. 
 
 "I hope nothing ever will 
 tempt us to scale the debt of the 
 nation through a legal techni- 
 cality. Whatever may be the 
 language of the contract the 
 United States should discharge 
 its obligations according to the 
 contract." 
 
 C. A. BOGAROUS. 
 
 " This word to all while we 
 are alive, 
 
 Be sure we are right then 
 let drive." 
 
 C. A. BOOARUUS. 
 
 m 
 
SPEECHES OF C. A. BOGARDUS. 
 
 Address Delivered At Farmington, Iowa, Novem- 
 ber 20, 1897, By C. A. Bogardus. 
 
 subject: how to read. 
 
 Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: — 
 
 It is not so much the amount of reading, that 
 educates us, as it is what we read and the manner 
 in which it is done that benefits us, for as poor 
 Richard says: "The used key is always bright," 
 so the well read book always shows the handling. 
 A small well chosen library carefully read is of 
 vastly more benefit, than the large poorly chosen, 
 unread volumes that adorn the shelves of many 
 homes. Yet I am not sure but that poorly chosen 
 books are better not read, than read. A learned 
 doctor once said: **It is not what we eat that sus- 
 tains life, but it is what we digest." 
 
 We might well pharaphrase his words and say it 
 is not what we read that educates us, but it is 
 what we understand. For what we want is not 
 learning, but knowledge; that is the ability to 
 make learning answer its true end as a quickener 
 of intelligence and widener of the intellectual field. 
 
 We should not read to contradict; nor to believe 
 and take for granted ; nor to find talk and dis- 
 course ; but to weigh and consider. This being self- 
 evident, we should ever remember that whatever is 
 worth reading at all is worth reading well. Hence, 
 
 150 
 
SPEECHES OF C. A. nOGARDUS. 151 
 
 inasmuch as reading matter is always the expression 
 of some author's thoughts, it follows that the object 
 of reading at all is to learn the thoughts of the 
 writer. So we may well aver that to read under- 
 standingly requires thought and industry. For 
 reading availeth not unless done understandingly. 
 Therefore, an article is not read, in the full sense 
 of the word, until it is understood. That the full 
 force and effect of this may be appreciated I will 
 read you Abraham Lincoln's speech at the dedica- 
 tion of the national cemetery at Gettysburg, Penn- 
 sylvania, November 19, 1863. When you have 
 thoroughly incorporated Mr. Lincoln's thought in 
 your mind you will have acquired more actual 
 knowledge and intellectual grandeur than would 
 be acquired by the mere glancing over or hurriedly 
 reading volumes of much of the current literature. 
 
 MR. Lincoln's speech. 
 " Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth 
 on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedi- 
 cated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now 
 we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that 
 nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can 
 long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war. 
 We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final 
 resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that 
 nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we 
 should do this. But in a large sense we cannot dedicate, we 
 cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave 
 men, living and dead, who struggled here have consecrated it 
 far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will 
 little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can 
 never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, 
 rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which 
 they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. 
 
152 SPEECHES 
 
 It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task 
 remaining before us — that from tliese honored dead we take 
 increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last 
 full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that 
 these dead have not died in vain; that this nation, under God, 
 shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of 
 the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish 
 from the earth." 
 
 Does not a careful study of Mr Lincoln's speech 
 show his true devotion to freedom and freedom's 
 government ? 
 
 I will close by reading an article from an old 
 scrap-book. When it is read I trust it will accom- 
 plish a double mission, viz : that we more 
 thoroughly comprehend the necessity of putting 
 thought into our reading; and that the real virtue 
 in thought is acting in harmony with the knowledge 
 of right. The article to which I refer is entitled 
 ** An Angel in a Saloon." I will now read it : 
 
 ' ' One afternoon in the month of June, 1870, a lady in deep 
 mourning, followed by a little child, entered one of the fash- 
 ionable saloons in the city of N . The writer happened 
 
 to be passing at the time, and prompted by curiosity, fo"Howed 
 her in, to see what would ensue. Stepping up to the bar, 
 and addressing the proprietor, who happened to be present, 
 she said : 
 
 "'Sir, can you assist me? I have no home, no friends, 
 and am not able to work.' 
 
 " He glanced at her and then at the child, with a mingled 
 look of curiosity and pity. Evidently he was much surprised 
 to see a woman in such a place begging, but without asking 
 any questions gave her some change, and turning to those 
 present, he said : 
 
 " 'Gentlemen, here is a lady in distress. Can't some of 
 you help her a little T 
 
OF C. A. BOGARDUS. 153 
 
 "They cheerfully acceded to the request, and soon a purse 
 of two dollars was made up, and put in her hand. 
 
 " ' Madam,' said the gentleman, who gave her the money, 
 ' why do you come to a saloon ? It isn't a proper place for a 
 lady, and why are you driven to such a step ?' 
 
 " 'Sir,' said the lady, ' I know it isn't a proper place for a 
 lady to be in, and you ask me why I am driven to such a step. 
 I will tell you in one short word,' pointing to a bottle behind 
 the counter, labelled whiskey, 'that is what brought me 
 here — whiskey!' 
 
 "'I was once happy and surrounded with all the luxuries 
 that wealth could procure, with a fond, indulgent husband. 
 But in an evil hour he was tempted, and not possessing the 
 will to resist the temptation, fell, and in one short year my 
 dream of happiness was over, my home was forever desolate, 
 and the kind husband, and the wealth that some called mine 
 lost, lost, never to return, and all by the accursed wine cup. 
 
 "'You see before you only the wreck of my former self, 
 homeless and friendless, with nothing left me in this world 
 but this little child,' and weeping bitterly, she affectionately 
 caressed the golden curls that shaded a face of exquisite love- 
 liness. Regaining her composure, and turning to the pro- 
 prietor of the saloon, she continued: 
 
 " 'Sir, the reason why I occasionally enter a place like this 
 is to implore those who deal in the deadly poison to desist, to 
 stop a business that spreads desolation, ruin, poverty and 
 starvation. Think one moment of your own loved ones, and 
 then imagine them in the situation I am in. I appeal to your 
 better nature, I appeal to your heart, — for I know you pos- 
 sess a kind one, — to retire from a business so ruinous to your 
 patrons. 
 
 " ' Did you know the money you take across the bar is the 
 same as taking the bread out of the mouths of the famished 
 wives and children of your customers? That it strips the 
 clothing from their backs, deprives them of all the comforts 
 of this life and throws unhappiness, misery, crime, and deso- 
 lation in their once happy homes ? Oh! sir, I implore, be- 
 seech, and pray you to retire from a business you blush to 
 own you are engaged in before your fellow-men, and enter 
 
154 SPEECHES 
 
 one that will not only be profitable to yourself but your fellow- 
 creatures also You will excuse me if I have spoken too 
 plainly, but I could not help it when I thought of the misery, 
 the unhappiness, and the suffering it has caused me.' 
 
 "'Madam, I am not offended,' he answered in a voice 
 husky with emotion, 'but I thank you from the bottom of my 
 heart for what you have said.' 
 
 " 'Mamma,' said the little child, who m.eantime had been 
 spoken to by some of the gentlemen present, taking hold of 
 her mother's hand, 'these gentlemen wish me to sing ' Little 
 Bessie ' for them. Shall I do so ?' 
 
 "They all joined in the request, and placing her in a chair 
 she sang, in a sweet childish voice, the following beautiful 
 song : 
 
 "'Out in the gloomy night, sadly I roam, 
 
 I have no mother dear, no pleasant home; 
 
 Nobody cares for me, no one would cry, 
 
 Even if poor little Bessie should die. 
 
 Wearj and tired I've been wandering all day, 
 
 Asking for work, but I'm too small, they say ; 
 
 On the damp ground I must now lay ray head; 
 
 Father 's a drunkard and mother is dead. 
 
 " ' We were so happy till father drank rum, 
 Then all our sorrow and trouble begun ; 
 Mother grew pale and wept every day. 
 Baby and I were too hungry to play ; 
 Slowly they faded till one summer night 
 Found their dead faces all silent and white; 
 Then with big tears slowly dropping I said, 
 ' Father's a drunkard and mother is dead.' 
 
 '"Oh! If the temperance men' only could find 
 Poor, wretched father and talk very kind ; 
 If they would stop him from drinking, then 
 I should be so very happy again. 
 Is it too late, temperance men ? Please try 
 Or poor little Bessife must soon starve and diel 
 All day long I've been begging for bread, — 
 Father's a drunkard and mother is dead.* 
 
OF C. A. BOGARnUS. ^ 
 
 " The game of billiards was left unfinished, th ^rds 
 thrown aside, and the unemptied glass remained on thw coun- 
 ter; all had pressed near, some with pity-beaming eyes, 
 entranced with the musical voice and beauty of th»^ child, 
 who seemed better fitted to be with angels above than \n such 
 a place. 
 
 "The scene I shall never forget to my dying day, and the 
 sweet cadence of her musical voice still rings in my ears, 
 and every word of the song as it dropped from her lips sank 
 deep into the hearts of those gathered around her. 
 
 '* With her golden hair falling carelessly around her little 
 shoulders, and looking so trustingly and confidingly upon the 
 gentlemen around her, her beautiful eyes illuminated with 
 a light that seemed not of this earth, she formed a picture 
 of purity and innocence worthy the genius of a poet or 
 painter. 
 
 At the close of the song many were weeping; men who had 
 not shed a tear for years, now wept like children. One young 
 man who had resisted with scorn the pleadings of a loving 
 mother and the entreaties of friends to strive to lead a better 
 life, to desist from a course that was wasting his fortune and 
 ruining his health, now approached the child, and taking both 
 hands in his, while tears streamed down his cheeks, exclaimed 
 with deep emotion : 
 
 "'God bless you, my little angel ! You have saved me 
 from ruin and disgrace, from poverty and a drunkard's grave. 
 If there are angels on earth, you are one! God bless you! 
 God bless you !' and putting a bill into the hands of the 
 mother said, ' Please accept this trifle as a token of my regard 
 and esteem, for your little girl has done me a kindness I can 
 never repay; and remember, whenever you are in want, you 
 will find in me a true friend,' at the same time giving her his 
 name and address. 
 
 "Taking her child by the hand she turned to go, but pausing 
 at the door said : 
 
 " ' God bless you, gentlemen ! Accept the heartfelt thanks 
 of a poor, friendless woman for the kindness and courtesy 
 you have shown her.' Before any one could reply she was 
 gone. 
 
156 SPEECHES 
 
 " A silence of several minutes ensued, which was broken 
 by the proprietor, who exclaimed : 
 
 " ' Gentlemen, that lady was right, and I have sold my last 
 glass of whiskey; if any one of you want more you will have 
 to go elsewhere.' 
 
 "'And I have drank my last glass of whiskey,' said a 
 young man who had long been given up as utterly beyond 
 the reach of those who had a deep interest in his welfare, as 
 sunk too low ever to reform." 
 
 SPEECH AT DECATUR, INDIANA, 
 SEPTEMBER 22, 1896, 
 
 The occasion being a rally in v^^hich the Hon. B. 
 F. Shively, candidate for governor, and John R. 
 Brunt, candidate for congress, had spoken over 
 three hours. 
 
 The Indianapolis Sentinel said of Mr. Bo- 
 gardus that "he held the closest attention through- 
 out, and closed amid great cheers and cries of go 
 ahead." 
 
 MR. BOGARDUS SPOKE AS FOLLOWS: 
 
 Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: — That 
 phase of the money question which is before the 
 American people today and upon which we will 
 vote in November is merely shall we, or shall we 
 not, open the mints to the free and unlimited coin- 
 age of silver as they are now open to the coinage 
 of gold. Concurrent with, and as a part of the 
 phase, is the declaration that when the metals are 
 so coined that the money made therefrom shall be 
 treated equally under the law, and that the Demo- 
 cratic idea of equal rights to each and special 
 privileges to neither, shall be again incorporated 
 in our national laws, A great many rash, and it 
 
OF C. A. BOGARDUS. V>1 
 
 seems to me foolish things, are being said concern- 
 ing the independent bimetallists of our country, to 
 charge the free coinage people with being repudia- 
 tors and anarchists, is but to put the party making 
 such false statement in the position of a base mis- 
 representer, and sooner or later the charge must 
 slap its maker in the face. There is no doubt in 
 my mind, but that there is a party in this country 
 who is advocating repudiation, but it is not the 
 Democratic party it is the Republican party that is 
 advocating it. Webster says repudiation is the 
 act of rejecting or refusing. If a party desires to 
 pay the national debt according to contract it cer- 
 tainly is not advocating repudiation, but if a party 
 desires to violate the contract it desires to repudi- 
 ate. Now my friends let us get right at the facts, 
 before we can tell who the repudiators are; we 
 must know what the contract is, and then we must 
 know what the contesting parties want to do in 
 the premises. I will read you a copy of a U. S. 
 bond: 
 
 [copy of u. s. bonds.] 
 
 The United States of Am.erica are indebted to 
 the bearer in the sum of One Hundred Dollars. 
 
 This bond is issued in accordance with the pro- 
 visions of an act of congress, entitled, "An act to 
 authorize the refunding of the National Debt," ap- 
 proved July 14th, 1870, amended by an act ap- 
 proved January 20th, 1871, and is redeemable at 
 the pleasure of the United States, after the first 
 day of July A. D., 1907, in coin of the standard 
 
 VALUE OF THE UNITED STATES ON SAID JULY I4TH, 
 
 1870, with interest in such coin from the day of 
 date hereof, at the rate of four per cent per annum. 
 
158 SPEECHES 
 
 payable quarterly, on the first day of October, 
 January, April and July of each year. The prin- 
 cipal AND INTEREST ARE EXEMPT FROM THE PAY- 
 MENT OF ALL TAXES or DUTIES of the United States, 
 as well as from taxation in any form, by or under 
 State, Municipal or local authority. 
 Washington, July ist, 1877. 
 
 J. M. DOTY, Register of the Treasury. 
 Entered (G. W. B.) (Recorded W. S.) 
 
 Now I am not trying to mislead you when I say 
 that a party who proposes to pay that bond ac- 
 cording to contract is not a repudiator, nor am I 
 misleading when I say that a party who attempts 
 to preventits payment according to contractor is 
 a repudiator. The bond, according to its own 
 wording, is payable in coin of the standard value 
 of July 14, 1870. When we learn exactly what that 
 coin is we will then, like Saul of Tarsus, see things 
 in a new light. By the law that was in force on 
 that date silver or gold could be coined into stand- 
 ard money and their standard value was their 
 legal value. The Democratic party desires the 
 privilege of coining the metals according to that 
 law, and then paying the bonds with those coins 
 according to that law. No repudiation there. 
 No, not a particle. (Cheers.) The Republicans 
 do not want to coin silver and gold according to 
 that law, and they do not want to allow the debts 
 to be paid in gold or silver money according to 
 that law. There is repudiation there, yes lots of 
 it, in fact it is nothing but repudiation. (Great 
 applause.) Do you want to hear about the an- 
 archy part of this question. (Cries of yes! yes!) 
 
OP C. A. BOGARnUS. 159 
 
 Very well, let us examine along that line. The 
 Democrats say that the government can coin 
 money and regulate its value and they will accept 
 it in payment of a debt. No anarchy there; no, 
 not a bit. (Laughter.) The Republicans admit 
 that the government can coin money and regulate 
 its value and make it a legal tender. But they- 
 openly declare that they won't take it in the pay- 
 ment of a debt unless they want to. There is an- 
 archy there in abundance, yes in great abundance. 
 (Great and continued applause.) 
 
 Let me ask the Republicans if it is not a little 
 strange that a law savored with such element of 
 anarchy and repudiation, should have been in full 
 force in America from 1792 to 1873, a period of 
 eighty-one years, and have pleased the people so 
 well, that during all that time no political party 
 ever openly advocated its repeal? Is it not, I ask, 
 strange that George Washington who fought so 
 bravely for independence should have signed a law 
 for repudiation and anarchy? Strange! ah very 
 strange! is it not, that General Grant when he 
 discovered that he had unknowingly signed a bill 
 for the repeal of the law that they now say would 
 be repudiation, should have said he did not know 
 that the law demonetized silver, and if he had 
 known it he would have suffered his right arm to 
 have been cut off before he would have signed the 
 law. 
 
 My friend, not only does the Republicans advo- 
 cate repudiation, but it also by proposing a scarce 
 money system is advocating confiscation of the 
 debtor's property, for with a large money basis, 
 
160 SPEECHES 
 
 money is easier to get than with a small money 
 basis. Careful thought will show that easy money 
 :«eans high prices, and when money is scarce and 
 hard to get prices are low; it therefore follows 
 that President Lincoln was correct when he said: 
 *'If a government contract a debt and then contract 
 the money before the debt is paid, it is the most 
 heinous crime a government can commit against its 
 people/' 
 
 We may boast long and strong of the great wis- 
 dom of our diplomats and the brilliancy of our 
 statesmen, but whatever they may say will never 
 overshadow the fact that in a people's government 
 the people must vote understandingly, and when 
 we thoroughly analyze this charge of repudiation 
 and anarchy, we will see that it is the same old 
 trick of the burglar crying stop thief to the honest 
 man while the rogue himself escapes. 
 
 Much is being said about our money being good 
 abroad, and great fear is expressed by the banker's 
 party that our silver money under bimetallism will 
 only be worth fifty cents on the dollar in foreign 
 countries. Now, my friends, let us use common 
 sense, and we will easily solve the problem as to 
 how to make our silver dollars good abroad, that 
 feature of the question can be accomplished by 
 following this plain easy method, namely, the next 
 time a foreigner presents a bond of a few million 
 dollars for payment, have Uncle^Sam hand the 
 gentleman the amount in silver dollars, then let 
 the foreigner attend to making them good abroad. 
 It will be to his interest to procure a law making 
 the silver good in his own country. Now, I want 
 
OF C. A, BOGARDUS. Ifil 
 
 to ask you in the name of common sense, would 
 not you think the foreigner crazy if when we paid 
 him in our silver, he would go to his own country 
 and cry down the very money we had paid him? 
 Oh no, he would not do that, he would use his 
 influence to have a law passed in favor of bimetal- 
 lism in his own country. 
 
 But you may urge that he might not succeed in 
 his effort, and he would have a lot of half value 
 American dollars on hand that would not be good 
 abroad. Very well, the worst thing that could 
 possibly happen to us under circumstances of that 
 kind would be when the foreigner found he could 
 not pass the money abroad he would discover all 
 of a sudden that the money is good in America, 
 and as a matter of fact he would spend his money 
 where it would be taken for goods. So we see that 
 we would thus either force a recognition of our 
 money abroad or else we would control the markets 
 of the world. Then in reality we would pay our 
 debts abroad in American produce at a fair price 
 and keep our money at home, where it belongs, as 
 a medium of exchange. And we would then real- 
 ize the wisdom of the Hon. \Vm. E. Gladstone 
 when he said to the English Parliament that "so 
 far as England was concerned bimetalism to them 
 as a creditor country would compel them to pay 
 more for American produce," but the grand old 
 man in his frank and honest manner added, "so 
 far as America is concerned, it would immediately 
 give her control of the markets of the world." 
 
 When we lament the fact that under our present 
 financial system the rich are growing richer and 
 
162 SPEECHES 
 
 '. »e poor are becoming poorer day by day, we 
 3ear some one say " that is true, but the law of the 
 f^urvival of the fittest is to blame for those facts." 
 If you will pardon me for seemingly diverging from 
 the subject I will say something in regard to the 
 abuse of the law of the survival of the fittest. 
 Yes, I admit that under any law, and under any 
 conditions, those who are best suited to the condi- 
 tions under which they live will get on better than 
 those who are not so well suited by nature to com- 
 bat for existence and prosperity. Nature has so 
 laid its plans that, at or near the equator in the 
 warm climate tropical fruits grow better than they 
 do in Iceland, while the pine tree, true to nature, 
 thrives best in cold regions. The Polar bear en- 
 joys the snows of Alaska, but would suffocate in the 
 tropical heat of Borneo or Sumatra. True to the 
 law of the survival of the fittest, the elephant and 
 ostrich thrive in sunny Africa, but would perish in 
 Norway's winters. These things are true, because 
 all nature is in perfect harmony with itself. When 
 carefully considered, we find that the reason some 
 things prosper in one place and perish in another 
 is merely that they are fitted for the conditions in 
 wl.ich they thrive and are unfitted for the vicious 
 surrounding in which they perish. The lion and 
 tiger prosper among vicious beasts, but the child 
 and lamb survive better where love, mercy and 
 righteousness reign. 
 
 Let us suppose that Christ and John L. Sullivan 
 were contesting for the pugilistic championship 
 under London prize ri.ig rules, most assuredly 
 Sullivan would win in the first round. But let us 
 
OP C. A. BOGARDUS. 163 
 
 change the conditions and make the place of cor« 
 test the pulpit of a Quaker church, and the sub- 
 ject: " Suffer little children to come unto me, and 
 forbid them not, for of such is the kingdom of 
 heaven/' don't you think Sullivan would be quite 
 out of place and Christ would be the victor on 
 that occasion ? Suppose a fine pasture, bountiful 
 with grass and water should be well stocked with 
 a few hundred sheep and lambs and lurking around 
 in hidden nooks of the field were a dozen or more 
 Norway wolves, the sheep and wolves are in the 
 same pasture, I want to ask you, my friend, what 
 kind of stock do you think the farmer will have in 
 that pasture in a few days if he says to himself the 
 law of the survival of the fittest will protect those 
 sheep if they are fit to live, and if they can't sur- 
 vive then I will shear the wolves for my winter's 
 wool. My friends, if that farmer ever got any 
 wool from those wolves he would have to get it 
 from their stomachs, he could not shear it from their 
 backs, because it don't grow on that class of ani- 
 mals. What would you think of the farmer's good 
 wife if after the wolves had killed and sucked the 
 warm blood of the last lamb she would in her su- 
 preme recognition of the law of the survival of the 
 fittest take from her child's grave the tombstone 
 that had carved thereon the image of a little lamb 
 at rest under the weeping willow and place in its 
 stead a statue of marble with the life-sized image 
 of a wolf with the blood of a lamb streaming from 
 his teeth ? No, that would not be the act of a sane 
 mother, nor would the farmer willingly leave the 
 sheep in the pasture with no other protection but 
 the wolves. 
 
1B4 SPEECHES 
 
 Under laws recognizing viciousness the most 
 vicious will survive best. 
 
 Our country and her people are industrious and 
 willing, but we are in debt, having promised to pay 
 American dollars that by the vicious system of 
 contracting the money under the gold standard 
 which makes dollars harder and harder to get, 
 which is only another way of expressing the fact 
 that wages and produce will go lower year by year 
 under the system of greed that is accompanying 
 the gold standard in all countries. But one thing 
 can help the masses of our people out of the bond- 
 age of debt, and that tning is higher prices for 
 labor and produce. 
 
 Higher prices in America will follow either of 
 two causes — foreign famine and war or bimetallism 
 and an increased volume of money. The latter is 
 within our control, the former method no one 
 should desire. 
 
 Let us not disclaim against the wolves, for 
 scientists tell us that the shepherd dog that so kindly 
 protects the sheep is a direct descendant of the 
 wolf, but he has been domesticated by the law of 
 man. So we see that under the vicious law of the 
 survival of the fittest the wolf as a master was a 
 sheep destroyer, but under the civilized law of the 
 survival of the fittest, the descendant of the vicious 
 wolf as we know, the shepherd dog is a servant to 
 the sheep. Gold is good money, but as a master 
 it is a tyrant. Let us hitch it side by side with 
 jilver and paper money, put it all under direct 
 control of the government, and the wealth of this 
 
OF C. A. BOGARDUS. 165 
 
 nation will be our servant, but with gold in control 
 our nation's wealth becomes a hard master. 
 . The other day while on the train, in conversa- 
 tion with a rich banker, the subject of the rich and 
 poor came up. He said " there was nothing in the 
 law that tended to make people rich or poor." His 
 idea was that individual prosperity came from each 
 man's ability as a financier. *' Why, said he, 
 '' don't you know that if the property was all 
 equally divided among the people, the same people 
 who now have it would get it again in a very short 
 time." I asked him if he was willing to change 
 certain laws about the banking business, then di- 
 vide the property and money of the United States 
 equally among the people? He said " he did not 
 want to have any such thing done/' When I asked 
 him to specifically name his objections to such a 
 transaction he replied "that it would not be fair 
 to take what he made and give it to some one who 
 had not made it." Then when I reminded him 
 that he had said he would have it all back in a 
 short time he said that "if the law was changed 
 about banking he would not have the same chance 
 to get it back that he now had to keep it." I told 
 him that I agreed with him on his last statement, 
 but if I should agree with him in his first statement 
 I could not see how the changed law and division 
 of property would affect his ability, and if it did 
 affect it, then I said the banking law must be a part 
 of his ability. Then he replied that "banking laws 
 were something that our congressmen would at- 
 tend to." At this part of the conversation tho 
 train stopped and the banker bid me good-by. 
 
166 SPEECHES 
 
 and with a pleasant smile greeted a crowd that 
 was awaiting at the depot to escort him to the 
 opera house, where he was to make a speech in 
 favor of a law allowing the banks to issue all the 
 money and retire the government from the bank- 
 ing business. The fellow was a candidate for 
 Congress. 
 
 As the train left the station I took from my 
 valise a little book of statistics and found that 79 
 per cent, of our Congressmen and 6;^ per cent, of 
 our Senators were either bankers or bank directors, 
 then I thought his last remark was true, that our 
 Congressmen would attend to the banking laws 
 all right, especially from a banker's point of view. 
 I then thought of a path up the mountain side 
 that was so crooked a traveler going up would 
 ro^et himself coming back. 
 
 Thanks for your attention. 
 
SPEECH DELIVERED AT JACKSONVILLE, 1t^^ 
 DECEMBER 15, 1897, BY C. A. BOGARDUS. 
 
 OUR FINANCIAL SYSTEM. 
 
 Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: — I am 
 going to request my hearers this evening to be 
 not possessed of party prejudice. If there is any 
 one feature of the human mind that works more 
 disaster to civilization and humanity, than an 
 other, that feature is political partyism made 
 blind by prejudice. Prejudice blinds the eye to 
 light and benumbs the mind until reason is shut 
 out. The bible says, "And if the blind lead the 
 blind, both shall fall into the ditch." 
 
 In examining any proposition we should not pro- 
 ceed to change reasons and facts to suit our 
 thoughts, but rather remove all prejudice from 
 our mind and then change our thoughts to agree 
 with the facts. For my part I would that all 
 voters and their wives and children would form 
 themselves into a party of political truthseekers. 
 When that is done humanity, justice and a pure 
 government of all the people by all the people and 
 for all the people, will form the armor of our 
 civilization. 
 
 But as long as blind partyism prevails men will 
 get into heated political discussions that only 
 widen the gulf of misunderstanding. Misleading 
 newspaper articles will make the gulf deeper, and 
 ihe cunning hand of plutocracy and coercion will 
 
 167 
 
168 SPEECHES 
 
 widen the waters of the gulf into a vast restless 
 ocean, without even the signs of a rainbow to teii 
 them that the great storm of poverty and human 
 slavery to the money power, that knows no love, 
 no mercy, no justice or Christianity, shall not con- 
 tinue forever and anon. 
 
 As we stand on a mountain crest and cast our 
 eye over the wide extent of country, it is the more 
 proxinent features that impress themselves on our 
 vision. The lesser details, the waving field, the 
 blooming bush, the evergreen moss, the singing 
 bird and fragrant rose, which attract the attention 
 and admiration of the immediate bystander, are 
 lost to our view by the distance. But the range 
 of forest-clad hills, the winding river, the crystal 
 lake, the wide expanse of fertile plains and snow- 
 capped mountain peaks, determine the landscape 
 and claim our attention. 
 
 We of the United States are to-day surrounded 
 by the Anglo-American civilization of the closing 
 days of the 19th century. Let us from this heighi 
 glance along the road of our nation's journe). 
 hither. We can at best only hope to notice thd 
 more prominent lines of advance. To carefully 
 trace the growth of all the departments would not 
 only greatly exceed the limited time at our com- 
 mand this evening, but would also confuse us by 
 the multiplicity of subjects demanding our atten- 
 tion. 
 
 When God created man in his own image and 
 placed him on earth, he gave man dominion over 
 the earth and all the fullness thereof. There is an 
 old maxim which teaches, that through respect for 
 
OP C. A. BOGARDUS 169 
 
 the giver, we should not give, barter or sell away 
 a present. God gave the earth and all that in it 
 is to mankind. May we not here ask, to what 
 mankind was the earth given? And what is meant 
 by man ? It is plain to the student that by man is 
 meant all mankind, for all time so long as he 
 shall live, for we find in research of the scripture 
 that "God is not God of the dead but of the liv- 
 ing." I want to ask you in the name of justice and 
 humanity, should a great majority of mankind 
 now, in the strongest and most highly civilized 
 country, give the earth and its abundance to the 
 money corporations, trusts and combines, that are 
 in reality transforming our beloved republic into a 
 "Den of Thieves;'' or should we keep possession 
 of the bountiful gift, that our children and the 
 children of the generations to follow will inherit 
 the land, that was so graciously presented to all 
 mankind, by an all wise Providence ? 
 
 One of the uppermost features in our civilization 
 to-day is our national medium of exchange, called 
 "money." Reasonable men of all parties agree 
 that our money should be sound and honest, and 
 limited only in amount by the necessities and 
 requirements of the citizens of our country, in 
 striving after a nobler and higher civilization in 
 which the greatest good to the greatest number 
 shall be the pinnacle of ultimate achievement. 
 
 In June of 1896, the representatives of a great 
 party met in national convention in the city of 
 St. Louis, Mo., and outlined a party platform in 
 which we find a plank which says: "We are there- 
 fore opposed to the free coinage of silver, except 
 
170 SPEECHES 
 
 by international agreement with the leading com- 
 mercial nations of the world, which we pledge 
 ourselves to promote, and until such agreement 
 can be obtained, the existing gold standard must 
 be preserved. 
 
 As we think of and discuss this or any other 
 proposition, the question foremost in our mind 
 should be: Is that proposition, if adopted, likely 
 to promote the interest of an independent liberty 
 loving, Democratic people, or will it, if adopted, 
 work in an opposite direction? 
 
 In my judgment, a careful examination of that 
 plank will reveal the fact that it is hypocritical in 
 the extreme, and in itself makes by its own declar- 
 ation, improbable the very thing it pretends to 
 advocate and pledge itself to support, namely: 
 Bimetallism, by an international agreement with 
 the leading commercial nations of the world. 
 
 There is no business man, farmer or politician, 
 who has ever successfully accomplished any under- 
 taking by adopting the idea most prominent in this 
 plank, which is declaring bimetallism to be right, 
 and then saying that we cannot and will not do 
 anything to procure it if the leading commercial 
 nations of the world do not consent to it. 
 
 Let us examine this plank in detail, and see if 
 the general proposition of waiting for our common 
 enemy to assist us in helping ourselves is not 
 ridiculous. 
 
 We notice that the party in drawing up this 
 plank, says: *'That they pledge themselves to pro- 
 mote bimetallism by international agreement;" 
 then in the next clause, say; *'and until such an 
 
OF C. A. BOGARDUS. 171 
 
 agreement can be obtained, the existing gold 
 standard must be preserved." 
 
 Let me illustrate: Suppose this gentleman on 
 my right having a horse fairly worth on the market 
 lioo, should say to the young man on my left that 
 he desired to sell the animal. If the young man 
 u^ished to buy he would ask the price of the horse. 
 I ask, what would the owner receive for his steed, 
 if he should reply, "Well, I ask $ioo, but if you 
 will not give that much, I will take S25." 
 
 Now, my gold standard friends, do you not know 
 that the purchaser would take advantage of the 
 seller and only give $25 for the horse. 
 
 When the party at St. Louis pledged themselves 
 to promote international bimetallism, and then 
 asserted, "until such an agreement can be obtained 
 the existing gold standard must be preserved." 
 They in effect, like the man with the horse, put 
 their business in the other fellow's hands; for was 
 not that clause simply another way of saying to 
 ihe foreigner, if you will not give us bimetallism 
 we will take the gold standard, although we prefer 
 the bimetallic standard? 
 
 Fellow citizens, I ask you in the name of Ameri- 
 can independence, does it not appear as though 
 there was a colored gentleman somewhere in the 
 back ground? Let us examine further, and we will 
 see that the colored man wears a British coat of 
 arms, and has his American office on Williams 
 street, New York city. 
 
 We will make no mistakes in our conclusion if 
 we understand the facts, and to more clearly ap- 
 pcccUte <he full international effect, of the plank 
 
172 SPEECHES 
 
 under examination, let us draw another picture 
 from human nature. We will imagine you people 
 of Jacksonville to be a little sporty, and that you 
 have in your midst a prize fighter of whom you 
 are quite proud, we will also suppose that Spring- 
 field has a character of the same kind, and the St. 
 Louis Athletic club should offer $50,000 as a purse 
 for a fistic contest between these two champions, 
 $40,000 to be the reward of the winner and $10,000 
 to soothe the wounds of the defeated pugilist. 
 We will suppose the fight is arranged and the men 
 go into careful training, the time for the mill has 
 at last arrived, the ring is complete, and all details 
 perfect. A large audience has assembled and bet- 
 ting is liberally indulged in, of course Jacksonville 
 sports back their home man. A t the appointed hour 
 the contestants enter the ring. Then you see your 
 Jacksonville man is much the superior in appear- 
 ence to the Springfield upstart. Your man being 
 the quicker and stronger, has a longer reach, and 
 is the more scientific. (America is quicker and 
 stronger, has a longer reach, and is more scientific 
 than any other nation on earth.) You feel sure 
 your man will win the fight on short notice, in fact 
 you almost pity the man from Springfield, to see 
 that he must compete in a fistic combat with such 
 a giant as the Jacksonville Gladiator. The ref- 
 eree announces that Marquis of Oueensbury's rules 
 are to govern, he looks at his watch and announces 
 that in one minute the fight will be on, the fighters 
 raise their hands to position. When just a few 
 seconds of time still remains before the slugging 
 is to commence, your Jacksonville man says to his 
 
OF C. A. HOGARDUS. 173 
 
 opponent, hold on, if you don't run, I will. 
 What I ask you would you think of your prize 
 fighter then? Think of the United States training 
 for a century for supremacy of American self- 
 government over foreign monarchial governments, 
 then when all things are completed for the final 
 fight of the survival of the fittest, a great party 
 saying to the monarchies of Europe, we know bi- 
 metallism is right, but if you will not consent to it, 
 then we will stick to the gold standard. If you 
 don't run, we will. (Great laughter and applause.) 
 
 Party prejudice prevailed and through the mis- 
 representations of the papers and certain un- 
 scrupulous politicians the party making those rep- 
 resentations carried the election. International 
 bimetallic commissioners were sent to the foreign 
 countries to procure this great international agree- 
 ment, and did they get it? Facts answer no. 
 
 Let me again implore you to lay aside party 
 prejudice and look matters squarely in the face 
 and we will immediately see, that not only did Mr. 
 Wolcott and his party make a signal failure in 
 procuring international bimetallism, but by the 
 very terms of the St. Louis platform it was impos- 
 sible for him to succeed in his alleged purpose. 
 Now my friends let us suppose Mr. Wolcott and 
 his two associates are in England talking with the 
 rich moneyed men for international bimetallism 
 and Mr. Wolcott is dealing out sledge-hammer 
 argument in favor of international bimetallism, 
 using the same argument in England the Bryan 
 Democrats used in the campaign of 1896 in the 
 United States. The financial men of England 
 
174 SPEECHES 
 
 would then say to Mr. Wolcott, did not you say 
 that bimetallism in the United States meant 50- 
 cent dollars? Mr. Wolcott would answer, yes I 
 said that; whereupon the Englishman would say 
 then international bimetallism would mean inter- 
 national 50-cent dollars. Question No. 2. Mr. 
 Wolcott, did not you say bimetallism in the United 
 States meant repudiation ? Yes, would come from 
 Mr. Wolcott. Then the Englishman would reply, 
 would not international bimetallism mean interna- 
 tional repudiation ? Question No. 3. Mr. Wolcott 
 did you not tell the people of the United Statey 
 that free silver over there meant anarchy and lost 
 confidence ? again Mr. Wolcott is forced to admit 
 that was just what he said here in 1896. In a 
 triumphant air the Englishman would say interna' 
 tional free silver would mean international anarchy 
 and international lost confidence. (Laughter and 
 applause.) If Mr. Wolcott should further continue 
 the argument what could the poor fellow say il 
 the Englishman would draw the Republican plat- 
 form of '96 on him and read the following, "An^ 
 until such agreement can be obtained the existing 
 gold standard must be preserved." Johnny BuU 
 would add, you Americans served notice on us thav 
 all we had to do was to stick to the gold standarc 
 and you would also stick to it. 
 
 Now, we money men of England think we cat 
 get more bushels of corn, oats, rye and barley, mor^^ 
 days labor of you fellows for what you owe ur, 
 under the gold standard than we could undcv' 
 international bimetallism. We know it is hard o*t 
 you, but it is the making of us, and we will stic^ 
 
OP C. A. BOGARDUS. 175 
 
 to the gold standard; and as you said you would 
 stick to it if we did, all we can do for you, Mr. 
 Wolcott, is to serve you a fine wine supper, and 
 tell you to return to America and stick to the gold 
 standard. (Great applause.) 
 
 My friends, the most ridiculous proceeding I 
 ever heard of was the Republican party sending 
 commissioners abroad to procure international 
 bimetallism with that plank staring them in the 
 face. I want to ask you if you do not think that 
 if Mr. Wolcott would have taken a carload or two 
 of the Republican literature of 1896, and handed 
 out the pamphlets to the Englishmen, saying this 
 is what we think of free silver in the United States, 
 will you help us to have it by an international 
 action? Would not that kind of literature hurt 
 the cau'-e instead of helping it ? For my part, I 
 have no objections to the President sending a sen- 
 ator from Colorado to the foreign countries to 
 advocate bimetallism, but I do insist that he sent 
 the wrong senator. Most certainly Mr. Teller could 
 have gone abroad with a little handful of free sil- 
 ver literature that was left over in the campaign of 
 '96 and accomplished more, in a day's honest con- 
 sistent work, for bimetallism than could Senator 
 Wolcott with the tons of gold standard pamphlets 
 published by the Republican party. (Great 
 applause.) 
 
 A noticeable fact is that one of the greatest job 
 lots of political trickery and deception that was 
 ever attempted in America has been practiced in 
 the United States since the month of June, 1896. 
 
 Later in the season the so-called Gold-standard 
 
176 SPEECHES 
 
 Democrats conventioncd in Indianapolis; their 
 money plank reads, ''We assert the necessity of 
 such intelligent currency reform as will confine the 
 government to its legitimate functions, completely 
 separated from the banking business, and afford 
 to all sections of our country a safe, uniform and 
 elastic bank currency, under government super- 
 vision, measured in volume by the need of busi- 
 ness/' Strange as it may seem, while Mr. Wolcott 
 was abroad, pretendingly for the purpose of pro- 
 curing bimetallism by international agreement, 
 the President and Secretary of the Treasury were 
 working up a scheme to have the gold standard 
 adopted according to the tenor of the Indianapolis 
 platform. When we consider 7,000,000 voted for 
 international free silver, and 6,500,000 voted for 
 independent free silver, we see the United States 
 has 13,500,000 bimetallists; only 134,000, or less 
 than one per cent, voted the Gold-standard Demo- 
 cratic ticket. Yet, my friends, we to-day find Mr. 
 Gage trying to overrule the desire of more than 
 ninety-nine per cent, and put into law the will of 
 less than one per cent, of our voting population. 
 And what amount of money do the gold standard 
 people want ? They say they want it safe, uniform 
 and elastic, measured in volume by the need of 
 business. Will you tell me by whose business 
 they wish to measure the volume of money? It 
 cannot be the farmers' business and the merchants' 
 business they would have to measure the volume 
 by, for that would make a double standard of meas- 
 urement, and they tell us we cannot have b"t one 
 Standard of measurement. 
 
OF C. A. ROGARDUS. ITT 
 
 Then I ask, whose business will measure the 
 amount under such a law? To me the answer 
 comes back in reverberating tones repeated with 
 emphasis, measured in volume according to the 
 banker's business, of course. Our philosophers 
 tell us there are two kinds of elasticity — elasticity 
 bycompression and elasticity by expansion. Thus 
 an elastic substance after being either compressed 
 or expanded when released, returns to its original 
 shape and size, so when the bankers want money 
 expanded in volume according to the need of their 
 business, they would expand it, and whenever 
 their business ends is best accomplished by con- 
 traction; then, of course, contraction is tlie program 
 with them. While the Government is completely 
 separated from the banking business so they can 
 furnish no relief, we might compare that system 
 with an alligator on the banks of a Louisiana river 
 laying out to sun himself; he gets the banker's 
 elastic idea in his head, and his upper jaw flies 
 over his back, and his mouth is twice as large as 
 when it is closed, elasticity by expansion (laughter). 
 A sweet substance gathers on his open mouth, and 
 the flies light there to eat it (just as the people will 
 gather around the bankers for money when there is 
 no other place to procure it.) The flies gather 
 thicker and thicker, and the mouth gets bigger and 
 bigger, more and more elasticity by expansion; 
 finally the alligator like the banker, happens to 
 think that there is another kind of elasticity, when 
 down comes the upper jaw on the lower jaw and 
 the flies are caught in the trap, and the Govern- 
 ment shal" go out of the banking business to fur- 
 
178 SPEECHES 
 
 nish no relief or escape (cries of good and cheers). 
 My friends, if I mistake not, every cry of the 
 "Republican party from the time of John C. Fre- 
 mont until the campaign of 1S96 has been against 
 banks issuing paper money except that the Govern- 
 ment v^^as strictly in the banking business. Have 
 not they alv/ays told us, that when state or other 
 banks issue paper money without the Government 
 in the banking business to back up the issue, such 
 money in case of a failure of the issuing bank 
 became wild-cat money, and did they not say to us 
 wild cat money made paupers? Now they go 
 squarely back on all they have taught us on the 
 money question, and advocate the wild-cat money 
 system themselves according to their own state- 
 ments. One thing I will concede is, that the 
 Republicans and gold standard Democrats are 
 certainly on their past statements entitled to the 
 $1,000,000 offered by the United States patent 
 office for the invention of a perpetual motion, 
 would not they have a complete and perfect per- 
 petual motion in their bank issuing money with the 
 Government completely separate from the banking 
 business, for we see the bank issue would be made 
 of paper, so we have the perpetual motion in this 
 simple problem. Rags make paper, paper makes 
 money, money makes banks, banks make paupers, 
 and paupers make rags. Rags make paper, paper 
 makes money (great cheer and laughter). 
 
 Now my friends, let me read you a plank in a 
 platform that contains the spirit upon which our 
 forefathers freed the thirteen American colonies 
 from England, the spirit on which their descend- 
 
OF C. A. BOGARDUS. 179 
 
 ants maintained American liberty and builded fi cm 
 3,000,000 population along the Atlantic shores in 
 1781, a nation of 70,000,000 grand Anglo-Ameri- 
 cans, with their half a hundred states and terri- 
 tories extending from the rock bound coast of the 
 pine tree state to the golden gates of California, 
 stretching over a vast area of more than 3,000,000 
 square miles, with great cities, towns, villages and 
 hamlets, with our colleges and universities that are 
 equaled by none in Europe. I will now read you 
 the money plank of the Chicago platform, which 
 contains the spirit represented by the statute at 
 New York, of liberty enlightening the world. It 
 is as follows: "We demand the free and unlimited 
 coinage of both gold and silver at the present 
 legal ratio of 16 to 1, without waiting for the 
 aid or consent of any other nation. We demand 
 that the standard silver dollar shall be a full legal 
 tender equally with gold, for the payment of all 
 debts public and private, and we favor such legis- 
 lation as will in the future prevent the demonetiza- 
 tion of any kind of legal tender money by private 
 contract." While bimetallism is the theme this 
 evening, you will excuse me for intruding on your 
 time long enough, to briefly comment on the spirit 
 of that plank that shines prominently above all 
 other issues in the Chicago platform — it is these 
 simple words, "Without waiting for the aid or 
 consent of any other nation." I want to ask you, 
 what would have been the result if our forefathers 
 in 1776 had adopted any other spirit than 
 this? Does not the answer immediately echo th«**. 
 we would be to-day English? 
 
180 SPEECHES 
 
 History tells us that while the British red coats 
 with their muskets were invading the colonies, a 
 handful of bold liberty loving men met at Phila- 
 delphia and signed the Declaration of Independ- 
 ence. You may read that instrument and you will 
 see that it declares for American liberty from an 
 American point of view, without waiting for the 
 aid or consent of any other nation. When bold old 
 non-international agreement John Hancock read 
 that declaration, he made a speech to the multitude 
 in front of Liberty hall, in which he implored them 
 to throw aside trivial differences, and on the main 
 question of independence, all good liberty loving 
 people should hang together. Benjamin Franklin 
 replied: Yes, we must all hang together or we will 
 all hang separate. In Franklin's witticism, I think 
 I can see the solution of our present financial 
 trouble — the good people of all parties must solve 
 the problem, then we must all hang together or we 
 will all hang separately to the tail of the old British 
 lion, and while we voters are thus suspended, the 
 cubs of that lion will devour the young Anglo- 
 American eagle before they scarcely have time to 
 scream for mercy. 
 
 Not only did that spirit of independence pervade 
 in Philadelphia in 1776, but it was foremost at 
 Bunker Hill. But Benedict Arnold and Major 
 Andre seemed to have taken a different view, and 
 the former fled to English assistance, the latter was 
 executed because of his attempt to do likewise. 
 But the spirit of independence,without waiting for 
 the consent of any other nation, shone forth like a 
 plumed knight or a mighty gladiator on the 19th 
 
OF C. A. BOGARDUS. 181 
 
 day of October, 1781, at Yorktown, when the 
 British gave up their swords and surrendered to 
 the liberty loving fathers of America. Do you 
 think Cornwallis would have surrendered to Wash- 
 ington if the colonial Congress had declared that 
 they would promote independence by interna- 
 tional agreement, and until such agreement could 
 be obtained, the existing will of King George must 
 be maintained, and if Washington and his army 
 had fought for English instead of American 
 supremacy ? 
 
 I want to say to you that it was not the inter- 
 national agreement spirit that won in the war of 
 1812 at New Orleans. General Jacksen told his 
 Kentucky riflemen to keep their powder dry and 
 guns well loaded, and when they were close enough 
 to see the white of the enemies eyes to shoot di- 
 rectly between them. History tells us that the 
 third volley charmed and the British surrendered 
 to the American army once more without an inter- 
 national agreement. 
 
 In the blackest of the dark days of the late re- 
 bellion when the possible,and toa certain extent the 
 seeming probable success of the confederacy was 
 spreading like an appalling cloud over our country, 
 we find it on record that the English were prepar- 
 ing their man-of-war and navy to assist the South 
 when the illustrious Lincoln said *' Hands off" 
 and it was so; suppose Mr. Lincoln had said to 
 England, " Let us have an international agreement 
 that you are not to interfere." Why, my friends, 
 I believe England would have signed such an agree- 
 ment the day after Mr. Lincoln had acknowl- 
 
182 SPEECHES 
 
 edged the independence of the Southern states and 
 not before. We may as well know that the success 
 of a Republican or Democratic form of government 
 is envied by all the monarchies or empires where 
 the people have less self-government. The gold 
 standard monarchies or empires will never, know- 
 ingly, do anything to improve times in a republic 
 and thus create among their subjects a desire to 
 throw off the monarchial yoke of oppression. 
 
 I know that much has been said against the 
 American republic becoming entangled with Eu- 
 ropean powers, but I fear that many in treating on 
 this line do not show the real menace of such an 
 entanglement. We all know that the laws of the 
 empires and monarchies are in the interest of the 
 moneyed classes, and we are proud to say that in 
 America our laws are for the masses. 
 
 Let me tell you by way of comparison why we 
 should keep out of an international agreement en- 
 tanglement on the money question. I will use the 
 tariff as an illustration. I care not what your poli- 
 tics may be, you will all agree with me that there 
 was one redeeming feature in the McKinley Bill. 
 That same good feature was in the Wilson-Gormon 
 act, and the same quality of goodness to-day shines 
 forth in the present Dingley tariff law. Do you 
 ask what that feature is? I answer it is this: 
 That law was passed by the independent action of 
 an American Congress. If we do not like it we 
 can repeal it, without waiting for the aid or con- 
 sent of any other nation on earth. 
 
 Our Government bonds are all payable in coins 
 of the United States of the standard weight and 
 
OF C. A. BOGARDUS. 183 
 
 value of July 14, 1870; that weight was 23.22 
 grains of gold or 371.25 grains of silver to the 
 dollar. The value of those coins was that they 
 were a legal tender in the payment of debts. 
 
 If we have an international agreement for bi- 
 metallism we can not have it all our own way, the 
 foreigner would be entitled to a voice. Suppose 
 we would fix the ratio at ai^r other than the ratio 
 of July 14th, 1S70. Then our dollars would no 
 longer be of the weight that the bonds call for 
 and the foreigner would have the best of us, for 
 our own coins would not be a legal tender in pay- 
 ment of our bonds. Now suppose we wanted to 
 repeal that law, could we repeal it by international 
 agreement ? well, I guess not. The foreigners 
 would never consent to the repeal of a law that 
 was to their advantage. Therein lies the real 
 menace of an international agreement even if we 
 could get it. The only way we could ever get rid 
 of that agreement would be just to back squarely 
 out, then we might properly be called repudiators. 
 
 We often hear it said that the congress of 1792 
 used great care to put just a dollar's worth of sil- 
 ver in a silver dollar and a dollar's worth of gold 
 in the gold dollar. Now while it is true that ac- 
 cording to the law of April 2nd, 1792, a dollar's 
 worth of silver was put in the silver dollar, the 
 amount of silver became worth a dollar as a creat- 
 ure of liLw, and it is not true that the silver dollar 
 Decame worth a dollar because of the value of the 
 silver contained in it. That congress made the 
 dollar just as God made man. God said, "Let us 
 make man" and the Lord God formed man of the 
 
184 SPEECHES 
 
 dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils 
 the breath of life and man became a living soul. 
 God did not study and bother his mind about 
 taking a man's worth of dust to make a man. 
 No, he took some dust of the ground and formed 
 therefrom a man and by his own authority breathed 
 the breath of life in man's nostrils and man thus be- 
 came a living soul. God then gave man legal 
 authority over the living creatures of the earth 
 and also gave him authority to replenish the earth. 
 Man's rights came from the power of God. 
 
 The constitution says congress shall have power 
 to coin money and regulate the value thereof. So 
 congress made the dollar as God made man, 
 and the American congress formed the dollar of 
 the silver and gold of the earth, put the eagle on 
 one side of the coin and breathed into that coin 
 the legal tender law, and the bimetallic dollar 
 became a living soul of prosperity for eighty-one 
 years as long as the silver and gold were allowed 
 to fly side by side; but when in 1873 the wings 
 were clipped from the silver and the legal tender 
 breath shut off, then the gold had to do all the 
 work; it being too weak to do so, adversity came. 
 
 They tell us that law cannot regulate value and 
 that gold never changes in value. Let us for a 
 moment form ourselves into a party of truthseek- 
 ers and look up the record as to that proposition. 
 The law of April 2nd, 1792, said 371.75 grains of 
 silver could be freely coined into one dollar, or 
 two halfs, or four quarters, or ten dimes, each to 
 be a legal tender at its face value, if not worn, for 
 any amount; that law also said 24.75 grains of gold 
 
OF C. A. BOGARDUS. 185 
 
 could be coined into coins of the value of the 
 dollar; of course you understand the gold was in 
 higher denominations than the dollar. Now let us 
 watch carefully as to whether or not the law can- 
 not regulate value and that gold never changes. 
 In 1834 the law said 23.20 grains of gold when 
 coined in American money constituted a dollar. 
 Let me see, the gold has changed all at once and 
 ihe law regulates the amount of gold that goes 
 in a dollar. In 1837, the law requires 23.22 
 grains of gold to the dollar, another change. In 
 1853 the law says that no longer shall it re- 
 quire 371.75 grains of silver to make a dollar's 
 worth of fractional coins, but that 342.22 
 grains of silver would make two halves, four 
 quarters or ten dimes, and they should be a 
 legal tender in the payment of debts for $5. 
 In '73 the coinage of the standard silver dollar was 
 stopped by law, and silver fell in price. In 1878 
 the Bland-Allison act allowed the coinage of the 
 standard silver dollar. In 1890 the Sherman act 
 called for more silver coinage and the price of sil- 
 ver immediately advanced. In 1893 the coinage of 
 silver was again stopped and the price of silver 
 dropped, hence we see that the law does regulate 
 values, and that gold does change in value so far 
 even as the dollar is concerned. A teacher once 
 told Benjamin Franklin that a boy told. him, if he 
 would take a large tub weighing 100 pounds 
 and put 500 pounds of water in it, which only 
 about half filled the tub, the tub and water would 
 weigh 600 pounds, but if he would put a live fish 
 weighing 100 pounds in the tub, the tub, watef 
 
186 SPEECHES 
 
 and fish would not weigh more than 600 pounds. 
 Can you explain that curious contradiction of the 
 law of gravity asked the teacher of Franklin? 
 Whereupon Mr. Franklin requested his interroga- 
 tor to call at his office the next day. Franklin 
 procured a tub weighing 100 pounds, put in it 500 
 pounds of water, and the weight was 600 pounds 
 just as the boy had told the teacher, then Mr. 
 Franklin added a loo-pound live fish and the total 
 weight was 700 pounds. The next day the teacher 
 called on Franklin for his solution of the great 
 problem whereupon Franklin replied, there was 
 but one solution to the question. What is that? 
 anxiously inquired the visitor. Why, replied 
 Franklin, the boy lied. 
 
 My friends, when they tell us the law cannot 
 regulate value and that gold never changes, and 
 when we examine the records and see that gold 
 does change and that law does regulate value we 
 say there is but one answer to make to them, and 
 that is just as Franklin answered the teacher about 
 the boy. 
 
 We hear it said by the Republicans that free sil- 
 ver would drive gold out of the country; our Dem- 
 ocratic friends tell us that free silver will not drive 
 gold out of the country. So we see on that point 
 people seem to differ in opinion. For my part I 
 believe that free silver either will drive the gold 
 out or else it will not. I want to ask the Republi- 
 cans to acknowledge for the sake of argument that 
 silver would not drive the gold out. Now, let us 
 examine the question if silver don't drive the gold 
 out, and we have a block of gold large enough to 
 
OF c. A. noGARnus. 187 
 
 make into ^loo, and a block of silver sufficiently 
 large to make into a like amount, if the gold- 
 standard Democratic idea prevails, all the money 
 we could coin would be the $100 from the gold, 
 for silver could not be coined, but if bimetallism 
 prevailed we could coin ^100 from the gold and 
 Sioo from the silver, making $200, that is, if the 
 silver does not drive out the gold. But the Re- 
 publicans may urge that free silver would drive 
 out the gold by the gold going at a premium over 
 silver, then we would coin the block of silver into 
 100 legal tender dollars and the gold would be ex- 
 changed for a block of silver say 25 per cent, larger 
 than the block that drove it out, and we would 
 coin that block into 125 legal tender dollars, add- 
 ing it to the silver that stayed at home, making 
 225 dollars, just 825 more than we would have if 
 the gold did not advance to a premium. But they 
 tell us that would be coining the cheapest 
 metal. Now, honor bright, you Republicans can- 
 not complain of that for the reason I will presently 
 explain. We often hear it urged that during the 
 eighty-one years of bimetallism in the United 
 States only about 8,000,000 silver dollars were 
 coined, and that subsequently to 1873 more than 
 400,000,000 have been coined. True, there were 
 only about 8,000,000 dollar pieces made of the sil- 
 ver metal, but there were more than $8,000,000 
 made because of the silver, for as France had a 
 ratio of 15^ to i against our ratio of 16 to i our 
 gold stayed at home and the silver was at a 3 
 per cent, premium over the gold according to the 
 French ratio, then a $100 block of gold drove a 
 
188 SPEECHES 
 
 $ioo block of silver to France, and drove from 
 France to America a block of gold large enough to 
 make $103. So we had our gold made into $100, 
 and the gold that came from France in exchange 
 for silver made into 8103, making a total of $203, 
 whereas we could only have had $200 if one metal 
 had not gone at a premium. History, arithme- 
 tic and common sense prove the correctness of this 
 proposition. 
 
 Abraham Lincoln once said he did not know 
 ■much about the tariff question, but he thought he 
 knew enough to know that if we bought $20 worth 
 of steel rails of a foreigner the foreigner would 
 have the money and we would have the rails; but 
 if we made the rails in America and bought them 
 of an American, America would have the money 
 and the rails too. Now, my Republican friends, 
 don't you believe that ? I do. I may not know 
 much about the money question, but I think I 
 know enough to know that if under the gold 
 standard we borrow $20,000,000 of a foreigner 
 when we pay it back the foreigner will have the 
 money and the interest too, but if we coin the sil- 
 ver, which is an American product, into legal ten- 
 der dollars, borrow $20,000,000 of an American, 
 when we pay it back it kind of seems to me some- 
 how that America will have the money and the in- 
 terest too. What say you, Lincoln Republicans? 
 But another objection is that we would have a 
 great commerce destroying flood of silver in this 
 country. Let us examine that proposition as seek- 
 ers after the truth. Here comes Mr. Foreigner 
 with a carload or two of silver, the United States 
 
07 C. A. B0GARDU9. 189 
 
 m'lnts coins it into legal tender American dollars 
 and hands it back to Mr. Foreigner. Now, Mr. 
 Foreigner will either take that silver money away 
 with him or else he will leave it here. If he takes 
 it away it will not flood this country, will it? 
 Well, if he leaves it here he will either give it to us 
 or buy something with it. Now, if he gives it to 
 us will not you Republicans be willing to take your 
 share ? Won't you Democrats willingly receive 
 your share ? And, I ask, is there a gold standard 
 banker in all America who would not, with just a 
 tiny wee bit of persuading, be willing to take the 
 shares of both Republicans and Democrats ? Now, 
 if Mr. Foreigner should buy something with this 
 great flood of silver we can see the wisdom of 
 Mr. Gladstone when he said "if America should 
 adopt bimetallism they would within six weeks 
 control the markets of the world." 
 
 A favorite expression of our Republican friends 
 is, that because Mexico does not maintain a parity 
 between gold and silver under bimetallism, the 
 United States cannot. When a man tells u3 
 that we should pity him. If we examine that 
 question by comparison we will see the party 
 making such a statement is either not sin- 
 cere, or else he is not posted on the relative 
 strength of the United States and Mexico. 
 Records show that Mexico has 700,000 square 
 miles of land, more than one-half of which is 
 nearly or quite a barren desert of waste land, 
 leaving only about 350,000 miles of arable land, 4,981 
 miles of railway, 27,861 miles of telegraph line and 
 a population of 10,000,000 Indians and Spaniards. 
 
190 SPEfiCHES 
 
 The United States has 3,460,000 square miles, over 
 two-thirds of which is arable land, and very pro- 
 ductive of the staple articles consumed by the 
 most enlightened nations of the world. We have 
 170,000 miles of railway, 780,000 miles of telegraph 
 line, and a population of 72,000,000 Anglo-Ameri- 
 cans; thus we see we have over ten times as much 
 arable land exclusive of Alaska, thirty-four times 
 as much railway, twenty-nine times as much tele- 
 graph line, and over seven times the population 0/ 
 Mexico. In size, wealth, commerce and science, 
 Mexico is not to be compared with the United 
 States. 
 
 When we compare Mexico with the Uniter' 
 States, we are comparing it with the most giganti*" 
 country of the nineteenth century. You can form 
 the United States into eighteen states each as large 
 as Spain, or thirty-one states.as large as Italy, or 
 sixty-two states each as large as England and 
 Wales. What a mighty confederation of land, 
 water, commerce, wealth and people is the United 
 States when we come to think of it. Why friends, 
 we can take five of the six first-class countries o* 
 Europe — France. Great Britain and Ireland, Ger- 
 many, Austria and Italy, then add Mexico — let 
 some mighty smith forge them all together into 
 one vast empire, and you can lay them all down ia 
 the United States, west of the Hudson river, 
 twice. 
 
 Wittingly has it been said that the United States 
 has the natural basis for the greatest continuous 
 government ever established by man. Mexico has 
 less than 100 miles of inland navigation, while the 
 
OF C. A. UOGARDUS. IHI 
 
 United States has over 35,000 miles. Steam boats 
 can go up the Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio 
 rivers over 2,500 miles from the Gulf, thus carry- 
 ing our sea board into the very heart of our conti- 
 nent. As to our resources, the crop of 1879, after 
 feeding our population, furnished for export 283,- 
 000,000 bushels of grain. This vast crop was raised 
 on 164,215 square miles, or less than one-twelfth of 
 our arable land. It is estimated that if all our 
 arable land was under the plow, it would feed a 
 population of 1,000,000,000 people, and furnish for 
 export 1,000,000,00 bushels of grain food for 
 export. But what can we say of the people of 
 Mexico and the United States? The difference in 
 our population is not alone the difference between 
 TO. 000,000 in Mexico to 72,000,000 in the United 
 States, but the differenee between io,ooo,oco 
 Indians and Spaniards atid 72,000,000 Anglo- 
 Americans. 
 
 Mexicans and Indians are but semi-civilized, and 
 the Spaniards are generally speaking a sluggardly 
 non-advancing people, while the Anglo-Americans 
 of the United States are the most highly civilized 
 people on the earth, wide awake and progressive 
 in science, literature and mechanical inventions. 
 At a recent exposition in Paris where the foremost 
 nations of the world were exhibiting for premiums 
 five gold medals were given for the greatest inven- 
 tions or discoveries, and how many came to the 
 United States? Only five, that is all. Now to say 
 that because Mexico cannot maintain a parity 
 between gold and silver, America cannot, is just 
 about like saying that a Kentucky race horse can- 
 
19*4. SPEECHES 
 
 not beat an English horse because a Mexican 
 donkey cannot do so. My friends, our ability to 
 maintain a parity between gold and silver is our 
 ability to absorb money in our daily and yearly 
 business. Give our country the increased volume 
 of money that bimetallism will give us instead of 
 the necessary contracted volume that the gold 
 standard leaves us, and we will have a genuine 
 lasting wave of prosperity moving westward from 
 New England, starting the shops at increased 
 wages. That wave will meet with joy the western 
 prosperity wave that sets in motion the mining and 
 agricultural interests of a patient and patriotic 
 people, the eastern and western wave will shake 
 hands with the southern cotton growers and north- 
 ern wheat raisers. From the four quarters of our 
 nation prosperity will spring up from an American 
 point of view without waiting for the aid or con- 
 sent of any other country, and without an inter- 
 national agreement. Then will a mighty people 
 standing for humanity and general prosperity., 
 shout aloud, we lead, let others follow. I thanu 
 you for your attention. Good night. 
 
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