BRITANNIA: 
 
 OR A 
 
 Chorographical Defcriptiori 
 
 GREAT BRITAIN 
 I R E L A N D, 
 
 <Coset^ec tlie ^0ani)0. 
 
 Written in Latin 
 
 By WILLIAM C/4iM£)£N, Clarenceux, King 
 
 at A R M S; 
 
 And Tranflated into Englifli, with Additions 
 and Improvements. 
 
 THE SECOND EDITION. 
 
 Revifed, Digefted, and Publilhed, with large Additions, 
 
 By EDMUND GIBSON, D. D. Redor of Lambeth; 
 and now Bifliop of Lincoln, and Dean of His Majefty’s 
 Chape l-R o y a l. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 LOn DO N: 
 
 Printed by Mary Matthews, for Awnsham Churchill, 
 and Sold by William Taylor, in Pater-Nefter~Row. 
 
 MDCCXXII. 
 
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 TO THE 
 
 KING. 
 
 MoJ} Gracious Sovereign^ 
 
 "\ 
 
 Humbly prelent to your 
 Majefty a Defcription of 
 your Kingdoms of Great- 
 Britain and Ireland*, in 
 a true fenfe of the fignal 
 Deliverance they receiv’d, 
 and of the manifold Bleflings deriv’d to 
 them, by coming under a Succeffion of 
 Protestant Princes in your Illuftrious 
 Houfe. And in thefe Acknowledgments, 
 I am fure to be join’d by every Subject in 
 
 a 
 
 your 
 
Dedication. 
 
 your Majefty’s Dominions ; except fuch, 
 who are capable of facrificing the Religion 
 and Liberties of their Country to their own 
 Ambition and Intereft, and fuch, who are 
 milled by them toferve thofe unworthy and 
 unnatural Ends. 
 
 When we conlider the terrible Storm 
 which threaten’d thefe Protestant King- 
 doms a few years ago, and that, humanly 
 fpeaking, nothing could have preferv’d us 
 from Deftrudion, but your Majefty’s Re- 
 lation to the Royal Family founded on a 
 Marriage above a Hundred years lince ; We 
 cannot but adore the Wifdom and Good- 
 nefs of God, in laying fuch a T rain of Pro- 
 vidences, for our Deliverance in that Hour 
 of Extremity. But yet even this Alliance 
 it felf might not have preferv’d us, had not 
 the Crown ftood entail’d upon a perfon, 
 whofe Charader for Wifdom, Courage, 
 and Steadinefs, did at once difpirit the 
 Enemies of the Proteftant Succeffion, and 
 animate the true Patriots of their Country 
 in their Endeavours and Refolutions to 
 maintain it. "*■ 
 
 It is this Alliance which has made Us hap- 
 py in your Majefty and your Royal Family, 
 and which entitles You to the Love of every 
 Subjed, as a Prince of our own Blood ; 
 efpecially, when that Endearment of Blood 
 is enforc’d by fo much Gracioufnefs of 
 Temper and Difpolition. But the enfu- 
 ingWork points out a Relation between 
 
 your 
 
Dedication. 
 
 your Majefty and thefe Kingdoms, of a far 
 more Ancient Date. Not only our Hifto“ 
 ries, but our Language, our Laws, our 
 Cuftoms, our Names of Perfons and Names 
 of Places, do all abu ndantly teftify, that the 
 greateft part of your Majefty ’s Subjeds 
 here, are of Saxon Original. And if we 
 enquire from whence our Saxon Anceftors 
 came, we fliall find, that it was from your 
 Majefty’s Dominions in Germany, where 
 their Brethren who ftaid behind, fpread 
 themfelves through a noble and fpacious 
 Country, which ftill retains their Name. 
 So that the main Body of your People in 
 both Nations, are really defcended from 
 one and the fame common Stock; and now, 
 after a Difunion of fo many Ages, they live 
 again under the Protection and Influence of 
 the fame common Parent. 
 
 But this Influence is not confin’d to your 
 own Dominions ; To your immortal Ho- 
 nour, it extends to every quarter where the 
 Proteftant Religion is protefs’d •, in the Pro- 
 tection whereof againft the Tyrannies of 
 Popery, your Majefty has exerted your 
 Power and Intereft in a moft diftinguilhing 
 manner ; for which you have the Prayers of 
 the prefent Age, and your Memory will 
 be blefs’d to all Pofterity. 
 
 May God Almighty profper your Maje- 
 fty in all your Endeavours and Underta- 
 kings for the Good of Mankind, and par- 
 ticularly in the Defence and Support of 
 
 * h our 
 
Dedication. 
 
 our Church and Religion ! May the glori- 
 ous Charader, Of being the Head and Heart 
 of the Proteflant Caufe in Europe , which your 
 Majefty has afferted with fo much Zeal and 
 Honour, never be feparated from theBri- 
 tifti Diadem! May your Example, and 
 thofe publick Teftimonies which you have 
 given of your general Care over the Whole 
 Proteflant Body, teach’ that whole Body the 
 neceflaryLelTon of Union, againft all the 
 Attempts and Stratagems of Popery and 
 Superftition! And, finally (as the juft Re- 
 ward of a mild and merciful Government, 
 and of a zealous and tender concern for the 
 Truth of the Gofpel and the ProfeflTors of 
 if) mayiyour Majefty enjoy a long, happy, 
 and peaceful Reign here upon Earth, and 
 after that be recompens’d with an Immor- 
 tal Crown of Glory in Heaven. 
 
 Xhefc; arc the fincere and hearty Prayers 
 of, 4 IrJ .-rn 
 
 - '7^’ May itpleafe ypur Majefly, 
 
 "u; ' i f 
 
 JOY iYovr Majefly's mofl faithful, 
 
 g. ‘n-':.:. .-rr: 'j . 
 
 lo 2 'ie ' j " V and devoted Servant, 
 
 ^ "t ■ f 
 
 >ji 
 
 . : j07r‘' 
 
 r .. . 1.1 <f;b 
 
 Tdm. Lincoln. 
 
 If!: I 
 
THE 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 T is now fix and twenty years, fince 
 Mr. Camdetis BRITANNIA, 
 written originally in Latin, was pub- 
 liflied in an Englilh Tranflation, 
 with large Additions and Improve- 
 ments. And though Enquiries of this 
 nature may feem lefs proper for the 
 Charadter and Fundlion of a Divine, 
 and efpecially for one of my Age and Station ; yet I hope 
 I lhall not be cenfured for having continued this Work 
 under my Care and Infpedtion, when it is confider d, that 
 all Ages and Stations mult be allowed their Diverfions, 
 and that no Diverlion can be more innocent or laudable, 
 than the Hiftory and Antiquities of our Native Country : 
 The Love of which being grafted in our Natuie ; it fol- 
 lows from thence, that the debarring any Part or Circum- 
 ftance of Life from employing it’s leifure-hours in thofe 
 pleafing and innocent Amufements, would be an Unnatural 
 
 Reftraint. ^ 
 
 Wherefore, about twelve Years fince, I turnd my 
 Thoughts in earneft, towards the farther Improvement 
 and Berfe£ling of this AYork ; and now, being about 
 to fend abroad another ImpreJJion of it, the Reader is to 
 
 [a] be 
 
The Preface, 
 
 be acquainted, in what particulars, and to what degrees, 
 this Second Edition \s further Enlarged and Improved. 
 
 I. The translation, from beginning to end, 
 hath been collated u'ith the original Latin, and, it is hoped, 
 will be found much better accommodated, than before, to 
 the Author’s Senfe, and the Englilli Idiom. The En- 
 glijh Tranflation alfo hath been feparately perufed with 
 another View, namely, Ea-vennejs and of Style; 
 
 the want of which (not to be well avoided in a tranflation 
 by fever al hands) was taken notice of in the former Edi- 
 tion, but is to a good degree fupplied and remedied in this. 
 In which Collation, and Revifal, the rule hath been, not to 
 aim-at or affedl Politenefs and Elegancy, but (what was 
 concei ved to be more agreeable to the Su’bjed) to fee that 
 the Author’s meaning was exprelfed in plain and proper 
 Language, and, as much as might be, in the fame Style. 
 
 I MUST add one thing more, concerning the Tranfa- 
 ^ tion of this W ork ; That the adjufling it exadlly to the 
 
 Latin, will always lay it under one difadvantage with En- 
 glijh Readers, which is this : The Original, as written in 
 Latin, was chiefly intended for the Inltrudlion of Foreign- 
 ers ; and this made it neceffary for the Judicious and 
 Learned Author, to infert particular Explications of many 
 Terms, Cuftoms, and Methods : Which being Peculiar to 
 the Englijh, could not otherwife have been underftood by 
 Foreigners; but being of vulgar and common ufe among 
 Us, they are known before-hand to the meaneft and moft 
 * Reader, and may therefore, in an En- 
 
 ghlh Tranflation calculated for Englifli Readers, feem 
 not only ufelefs, but in many cafes trifling. Notwithftand- 
 ing which, it was judg’d moft advifeable in this as 
 well as the former Edition, to tranflate Mr. Camden en- 
 
 paflages, as they ftand in the 
 Engltjh Tongue, may at firft light appear mean and low 
 yet can they be no diminution of Mr. Camden^s Judgment’ 
 or theDigmty of the Work, in the account of anyRea- 
 Jr who will be fo fair and juft, as to remembe^ that 
 
 intended for the benefit of 
 
The Preface. 
 
 The like Excufe mull be made for the Tranllation, if 
 in fome places there appear more of the Poetical'&tylc, than 
 is ufual in Profe ; which could not be avoided without de- 
 viating from the Original, hecaufe in truth Mr. Camden’s 
 Style, efpecially in the Britannia, leans much to the Poeti- 
 cal way ; riling to a greater heighth, and abounding more 
 with Epithets and Allulions, than Writings of that kind 
 generally do. 
 
 II. The additions, which in the former Im- 
 prellion were placed at the end of each County, and others 
 which have been lince made by way of Improvement in 
 this, and which are very numerous ; are now inferted at 
 the Places to which they belong, and Incorporated with Mr. 
 Camden’s Text, but with proper marks of diftindlion (viz. 
 this f at the beginning, and this I at the end, of every Addi- 
 tion, throughout the Work; ) fo plain, as to be difcerned 
 at firft light by any Reader who is attending to thofe Di- 
 llin6tions, and not plain enough to disfigure the page, or 
 offend the eye. By which, the Reader is now eafed of 
 the frequent trouble of turning from place to place, and 
 fees the full Account of every particular, at one view, and 
 without the leall Interruption ; and yet has the Text, in 
 eftedl, as entire and feparate, as he had before. 
 
 III. Of the Additions fo incorporated with the Text, 
 very many (as hath been intimated) are New Difcoveries 
 and Obfervations, fuch, I mean, as have been made Jince 
 the former Edition : the publication whereof conduced 
 much to excite the Curiofity of many perfons in this way, 
 and led learned and judicious nrcn, in their feveral Coun- 
 tries, to farther Enquiries and Obfervations ; which ( it 
 mull: be faid for their honour) they have communicated, 
 with great freedom and readinefs, towards the Improve- 
 ment of this Work. 
 
 IV. That it might not be unknown or forgotten, to 
 whofe Alliftance the Improvements in the former Impref- 
 lion were chiefly owing ; it was reckoned a point of juftice 
 to repeat in this Edition a particular Account of their 
 
 * Names, as it flood in the former : Efpecially, lince * See at the 
 many of them have been pleafed to revife and enlarge their prefaL.'*"* 
 Obfervations, in order to perfect the prefent Work ; fo far 
 
 as 
 
The Preface. 
 
 s;CT and vary- 
 
 “ing is capable of Perfedion. And although the Learned 
 Mr.Lfc'W rto whom the Hands indebted foi 
 
 thofe moft ufeful Additions in Wales ) is hnce dead, to 
 the great detriment of Natural Htfiory and Antiquities ; 
 vet it fell out Providentially for this Work, that before 
 his death he had Revifed the whole Principality, in order 
 to this new Impreffion. 
 
 V. Some of thofe Curious and Learned Ferfons, who 
 .contributed to the Improvement of particular Countip 
 in the laft Edition, have, in order to this, extended their 
 Enquiries to other Counties alfo ; The Right Reverend 
 
 • Now of father in God, William, Lord Bilhop of * Carlijle, to 
 
 mZ" Cumberland Weftmorland (moftly, his Lordlliip’s own 
 Diocefe: ) Dr. Kennet, Dean, and now Billiop, of Peter- 
 burrow, to Buckinghamjhire, as bordering upon Oxford- 
 Jhire, and, in part, the fubjedl of his Parochial Antiqui- 
 ties : Dr. Tanner, Chancellor of Norwich, to Norfolk and 
 Suffolk, the two Counties, of which that Diocefe confifts : 
 Mr. Thoresby, to the Eafi and North-Ridings of Tork- 
 Jhire, as having carried his Enquiries and Obfervations 
 throughout that County in a general way, while he was 
 making more particular Preparations for his ufeful and ac- 
 curate Account of the Antiquities of Leeds. The fame 
 worthy perfon hath alfo enrich’d this Impreffion with addi- 
 tional Annotations upon Mr. Camden’s four Tables of Saxon 
 Coins, and hath join’d to them a fifth Table out of his 
 own excellent Mufceum, with Remarks upon it. 
 
 VI. Besides the Afliftances from jfemcr Benefadtors ; 
 this Edition hath alfo receiv’d great Improvement from 
 feveral other perfons, of known Skill in the SubjebI of An- 
 tiquities. Cornwall, Devonjhire, and Somerfetjhire, have 
 been greatly enlarged from Obfervations communicated 
 by Dr. Mufgrave ■, Dorfetjhire, by Mr. Bennett-, Leicefier- 
 ,/hire, by Mr. Rogers late Archdeacon of Leicefter ; Hun- 
 tingdonjhire, by Mr. Aflry ; Worcefier/lsire, by Mr. Oliver-, 
 the Bilhoprick of Durham, by Dr. Smith Prebendary of that 
 Church ; the Account of the PiBs-wall, by another very 
 worthy perfon of the fame Name and Country, whofe accu- 
 rate Survey of it is here printed at large ; the Ijle of Man, 
 by the Right Reverend the prefent Lord Biffiop of Man, 
 
 in 
 
The P R E F' A G E. 
 
 in a Dcfcription of it, entirely new j and the Illands of 
 Jerfey, Guernfey, &c. in a like Dcfcription by the Reverend 
 Mr. Fall. 
 
 VII. Mr. Camden had furnilli’d his Reader with forrie 
 General Rules for difcovering the Original and Import 
 of the ancient Englilli names of Persons j but it feem’d 
 to be a Defeift in the Undertaking, that there was no 
 Help of the like kind, to difcover the Original and Import 
 of the names of Places ; efpecialiy, in a Topographical 
 Work. Which defedl is now fupply’d, by the addition 
 of a like Scheme of General Rules concerning the names 
 of Places, whereby the Reader is diredled to the ge- 
 nuin meaning and fignification of them in the Saxon 
 tongue, from whence they were taken. And becaufe, lince 
 the former’ Edition of this Work, England and Scotland 
 have receiv’d a mutual Increafe of Peace, Happinefs, and 
 Strength, by being united and incorporated into one King- 
 dom ; it was judg’d proper and convenient to connedl 
 the Defcriptions of thofe two Countries, with an Hijlori-^ 
 cal Account of that happy Union. 
 
 VIII. When Mr. Camden enters upon die Defcriptlon 
 of Scotland, he makes a general Apology for all Defers, 
 as being much a Stranger to the A&irs of that Kingdom ; 
 and for the fame reafon, a like Apology is ftill more need- 
 ful, when we pafs over into Ireland. But it is to be hop’d, 
 that even thefe Defers will have one good fruit, namely, 
 to Provoke fome learned Perfons in thofe two Countries to 
 undertake feparate Surveys of them, and to give us a full 
 and perfeft Account of their ancient and modern State. 
 More particularly, it is to be wifli’d, that fome able hand 
 in Ireland, would do the fame juftice to the Nobility of 
 that Nation, that Mr. Crawford has lately done to the 
 Nobility of Scotland ; to whofe Accounts, and to Sir James 
 Dairy mple’s Edition of the Britannia for Scotland, this Work 
 Hands greatly indebted ; as doth Ireland to the kind and 
 ufeful Afliftances of Sir Richard Cox. 
 
 IX. At the end of the whole, are the Additions which 
 were made by Fhilemon Holland, in his Englilli Tranlla- 
 tion of the Britannia ■, together with the pages and lines 
 
 [ b ] of 
 
Ths Preface. 
 
 of the prejent Edition, to which thofe Interpolations re- 
 late. And if it be ask’d, why thefe alfo were not inferted 
 in their proper places, with fome mark of diftindlion ; the 
 Anfwer is. That the Tranflator appears not to have been 
 skill’d in the Subjed of Antiquities, but feems to have 
 undertaken that Work merely as a perfon who found much 
 delight in the tranflating of Latin Authors into Englilh; 
 That his receiving thofe Interpolations from Mr. Camden 
 (however conjedur’d by fome) is neither pretended by 
 himfelf, nor Ihown by others to any degree of fatisfadi- 
 on ; and. That he has not thought fit to acquaint us, upon 
 what Information or Authority thofe Additions were made. 
 For which reafons, it was judg’d moll advifable to difpofe 
 of them in a middle way, that is, neither wholly to re- 
 jed them, nor yet to incorporate them with the Text ; 
 but ( leaving every one to his own Opinion, concerning 
 the value and ufefulnejs of them,) to print them leparate- 
 ly at the end of this Work, and, by diftind references, 
 to make the recourfe to their proper places as eafy to the 
 Reader, as was polfible in that Separate State. 
 
 X. Having faid thus much of the prelent Edition, and 
 of the Improvements made in it, firft, in the Tranllation 
 and Method, and then in a multitude of Additions and 
 Enlargements ; it remains to be obferv’d, that the Maps 
 alfo have been revis’d by knowing and skilful Perfons in 
 each County, and the Errors in the Spellings carefully 
 amended in the Plates, according to the Corredions 
 return’d, fo far as they appear’d to be needful ; that is, 
 where the Name of the Place, as it flood in the former 
 Edition of the Map, did not anfwer either the way of 
 writing or the common way of pronouncing among the Peo- 
 ple. Ifitanfiver’d either of thefe, it was judg’d fufficient ; 
 if neither, it is correded. ’ 
 
 But tho’ the Maps thus amended, ferve the purpoles 
 of the prefent Work, by carrying the eye of the Reader 
 from place to place as he perufes the Defcriptions, and do 
 alfo, in the main, anfwer the other purpofes of fuch Topo- 
 graphical Surveys ; and tho , of late years, particular Sur^ 
 veys have been taken of fome few Counties, and Maps 
 of them publilh’d with good degrees of Care and Accu- 
 racy : Yet It IS much to be wilh’d, for the honour of 
 
 thefe 
 
The Preface. 
 
 thefe Nations, that due Encouragement might be found 
 for ibme skilful and diligent hands, to take New Sur- 
 veys of the feveral Counties of Great Britain and Ireland, 
 in order to one uniform Body of Maps ; fo fair, with 
 regard to the Letter, and fo difentangled with regard 
 to the diftances of the Names from each other, as 
 to be not only ufeful, but eafy and delightful to’ the 
 Eye. 
 
 .XI. But tbo’ fo great Care and Bains has been taken 
 in Revifing, Augmenting, and Digefting this Work, in 
 order to fend it to the Prefs, accurate and complete ; and 
 tho’ moft of the Counties, after they were printed olF, 
 have been tranfmitted to skilful hands for their perufal^ 
 and their Corredfions and Amendments (fo far as was judg’d 
 neceffary) are inferred at the end ; yet are we not to fuppofe, 
 that a Work of fo great Compafs and Extent, and con- 
 fifting of fuch a variety of Matter, can be without it’s 
 Errors and Miftakes. This was by no means the cafe of 
 Mr. Camden’s own Performance, even after it had re- 
 ceiv’d his laft hand ; and much lefs will it be the cafe of 
 any other perfon. And therefore there is great need, on 
 this occafion, to befpeak the Reader’s Candour, and fa- 
 vourable Allowance; which, being granted, will be no more 
 than a juR and equitable Return, for the great Pains that 
 has been taken to provide for his Inftrudion and En- 
 tertainment. But if any Errors which were originally in 
 Mr. Camden s Text, or in the jidditions to the former 
 Impreffion, lhall happen to be repeated in this ; fo far, 
 the Reader muft be content to take the blame to him- 
 Rlf, for having negledted to give timely notice of fuch 
 Errors, when notice was given to him, in the moft publick 
 manner, of the defign of a new Edition. 
 
 XII. After fo particular an Account of the prefent 
 Work ; I will oblerve but one thing more. It is ufual 
 with Mr. Camden, to beftow proper marks of Relpedt 
 upon Perfons who liv’d in his own time, and whole emi- 
 nent Abilities, and Services to their Country, had either 
 acquir’d them new Honours from their Prince, or were 
 an Ornament to thole which they had receiv’d from 
 
 their 
 
,v 
 
 V 
 
 i 
 
 The Preface. 
 
 their Anceftors. And he vindicates this, as an a6l of 
 Tuftice, which was due not only to the Terjons, but to the 
 Age ; that Pofterity might fee how fruitful it was in 
 Virtue, Wifdom, Learning, Eloquence, and other great 
 and laudable Attainments. The like liberty is taken, here 
 and there, in the Additional parts of this Work j as well 
 by way of accommodation to Mr. Camden’s method, as 
 to let Pofterity fee that the prefent Age had it’s Share 
 of worthy and honourable Accomplilhments in all kinds ; 
 and this, the Reader will find to be done with great 
 Jujiice and Impartiality. 
 
Part of the 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 To the Former 
 
 EDITION; 
 
 Setting forth the frames of the Perfons 
 who affifted therein. 
 
 FTER the Method, the Reader is to be 
 form’d to whofe alhfl-ance he owes thefe Im- 
 provements. And this is a juftice both to the 
 Perfons and to the JV^ork. For, as it is fit that 
 each County lliould underftand to whom it is more particu- 
 larly oblig’d ; fo ought it alfo to be underftood by othersy 
 that we have not built upon flight grounds, nor deliver’d 
 matters upon trifling informations. Mr. Anthony Rtrick 
 communicated what he thought moll; remarkable in Dor- 
 fetjhire : as Mr. Worjley of Lincolns-Inn tranfmitted fe- 
 veral Notices relating to Hamjhire ; Mr. Evelyn, to Sur- 
 rey ; and Mr. Harris to Sujfex. The Difcoveries in PEiJt- 
 Jhire depend upon the authority of Mr. Tanner, whd°4'^£2 
 
 [cl hast^'.f 
 
 -* Norvmbi 
 
Part of the Preface 
 
 has made confiderable progrefs in the Antiquities of that 
 County. A Survey of Kent and Middlejex was made up- 
 on this occaiion by Dr. Plot. The account of the Arjenah 
 for the Royal Navy in Kent., with the Additions to Portf- 
 mouth and Plarwich, fo far as they relate to the Royal 
 Navy, were communicated by Mr. Pepys. From Glo- 
 cejlerjhire informations were communicated by Dr. P^zryo'-- 
 
 'ons 
 
 Chancellor of that Church ; and from Ofordjhire, by 
 
 taruf Kennet, who will Ihortly publilh the Anti- 
 
 Bp. of Be- quities of fome part of that Country. 
 
 terboromhx . n • • ' *' 
 
 In fettling the an- 
 
 ■who hath dent Stations in EJfex, we were particularly allifted by 
 Shyus' Mr. Oojley, who || is writing the Antiquities of the whole 
 ^Antiqltks County ; and in the defcription of Norfolk, by a Survey 
 of that County in * Manufcript, written by Sir Henry 
 
 |] Since 
 
 printed, Newjkam of IK trwick tranfmitted feveral very uleful Par- 
 
 flmoiiff . • 1 1 . • TT 7- . ■» 1 ^ 
 
 among 
 his Ke- 
 
 II Since 
 (lead. 
 
 j y , - j , 
 
 Spelman, and now in the Bodleian-Libra.ry. Mr. Thomas 
 
 ticulars relating to fKarwickJhire ; and an accurate Ac- 
 count of the Antiquities of TKorceJlerJhire was communi- 
 cated by Dr. II WtUiam Hopkins, Prebendary of the Church 
 of fK ircefier. Some Obfervations upon the Bilhoprick of 
 Durham, were extraded by Mr. Rudd, out of the Poftu- 
 mous Papers of Mr. Mickleton ( a curious Antiquary) at 
 t Smce the requeft of the Reverend Mr. -f John Smith, a mem- 
 ber of that Church ; and others were tranfmitted by 
 Dr. Cay of New-cafile. The Weji-riding of Torkjhire is 
 indebted to Mr. Ralph Thoresby of Leeds, of whofe abi- 
 lities and exadlnefs the large colledlion of Curiofities he 
 has made himfelf Matter of, is a fufficient argument In 
 the Eajl-Riding, Mr. John Burnfall di Hull, contributed 
 many things very remarkable ; and Dr. Jonfion ( from 
 whom II we expedl the Antiquities of Torkjhire) commu- 
 nicated feveral particulars throughout that whole Coun- 
 •s.nce ty. [p- fmorland is engag’d to Mr. * Thomas Machel for 
 many ufeful Moveries ; as its neighbour Cumberland is 
 to Dr. Hugh Todd, Prebendary of the Church of Car- 
 Northumberland to * Uv. mUiam Nicol- 
 
 ^If/on, Archdeacon of the fame Church, minent for his 
 
 Languages and Antiquities of the Nor- 
 thern Nations The fame worthy Perfon was alfo pleas’d 
 to improve this Work by obfervations throughout the 
 
 f Now ... - y -w. W.V 
 
 made large fColIedlions. 
 
 When 
 
To the former Edition of thu Work. 
 
 When I tell you, that the whole Care of the Counties 
 of W lies was committed to Mr. Edward Lhwydj ^Keeper 
 of the Mufaum in Oxford, no one will doubt the juftnefs 
 and accuracy of the Obfervations. His diligence, and 
 known ability both in Natural Hijlory and Antiquities, as 
 they remove all Sufpicions of that kind, fo f might they t sine* 
 do great honour either to his native Country, or to any 
 particular County in En^and, in which he lliould meet 
 with Encouragement anfwerable to the Undertaking. 
 
 Nor can the additional Remarks in;^S’^•o^/^^Kibe queftion’d, 
 fince they are grounded upon the authority of Sir Ro^ 
 hert Sibbalds ; whofe Natural Hifiory already publifh’d, and 
 the model he has given us of his intended Antiquities, are 
 a fufficient evidence how great a mafter he is in the Hh 
 ftory and Antiquities of that Kingdom. The Remarks 
 upon Ireland were alfo communicated by a Perfon very 
 well acquainted with the Affairs of that Kingdom, Sir Az* 
 chard Cox Knight. II ii 
 
 ^ '• again by 
 
 the fame 
 
 The Catalogues of Riant s at the end of each County 
 were communicated by the Great Botanift of our age,“°"‘ 
 
 Mr. Ray. They are the effed of many years Obferva- 
 tion ; and that * excellent Perfon was willing to take this* 
 opportunity of handing them to the Publick. 
 
 The Verfes which occur in Mr. Camden’s Text, were 
 tranflated by \ Mr. Rennet of Corpus Chrijii College in 
 ford. — Of all the Poetry which is quoted by our Author, Kennet, anti 
 the IE dding of Tame and Ifis runs in the beft vein ; whe-^lf ci- 
 ther we regard the Thought, or the Compofition. Who|^^®^’^^“X 
 the Author of it was, is not certainly known ; but if we 
 fix upon Mr. Camden himfelf, I verily believe there will 
 be no occafion for a fecond Conjedure. One Argument 
 for this, is, that he never names the Author ; whereas he 
 could not but know him, fince the Poem was publilli’d in 
 his own Time. Then, if we compare the fubjed matter of 
 this Poem with his own Defeription of the ffveral Places 
 which it touches upon, we lliall find them to be much the 
 fame. And, which in my opinion puts it beyond all 
 Exception, he never quotes the Poem with any the leaf!; 
 Commendation, but always ulhers it in with Coldnefs, 
 
 Let it not be thought troublefome to run over thefe Terfes 
 
 If 
 
THE 
 
 LIFE 
 
 O F 
 
 Mr. CAMDEN. 
 
 IVmchefier) was Fellow of Magdalen- 
 College in Oxford, and Mafter of the 
 School belonging to it. To his care 
 he was recommended 5 and by his 
 means, probably, admitted Chorifter ; 
 but miffing of a Demy’s Place, and be- 
 ing thereby difappointed of his hopes 
 in that rich and ample Foundation, he 
 was oblig’d to leek a new Patron, and 
 to frame a new Scheme for his future 
 Fortunes. 
 
 The next Encouragement that he 
 found, was from Dr. Thomas Thornton. 
 By him he was invited to Broad-gate- 
 Hall ( fince call’d Pw/z^rofc-College, ) 
 where he profccuted his Studies with great 
 application ; and the Latin Graces, us’d 
 by the College at this day, are (aid to 
 be of his compiling. Among his other 
 Acquaintance,' he was particularly hap- 
 py in the two Carets, Richard and 
 George , both of this FFall, and both 
 [ d ] addi- 
 
 ILLIAM CAMDEN 
 was born in the OU-Bd- 
 ly, in London, May x. 
 1551 *. His Father, 
 Sampfon Camdm, was a 
 Painter in London-, whither he was font 
 very young, from Ltchfeld, the place 
 of his birth and education. His mo- 
 ther was of the ancient Family of the 
 t See that f Curwens of ITorkmton, in the Coun- 
 fcAe “title ty Cnmherland. 
 mrkjMon ; When Mr. Camdm was twelve years 
 in Cotn^Lib.of age, he was feiz’d by the Rlague *, 
 remov’d to Ijlinglan, near London j 
 *ee/iicir. and being fully recover’d, he was font 
 to Paul’s School, where he laid the 
 foundation of that accuracy in the La- 
 tin and Greek Tongues, to which he 
 afterwards arriv’d. 
 
 About that time. Dr. Cooper (fuc- 
 ceffively promoted, firft to the Billio- 
 prick of Lincoln, and then to that of 
 

 
 The life of Mr. Camden. 
 
 
 addifted to the Study of Antiquities. 
 For although the firft was a Member 
 *Wood’. of Chnft-chiirch, * he had his Chani- 
 Athen.vol.i.|^g|. jiYoad-gilte-\a& ; and Sit-^Wd- 
 f 'Baronage, /« DugiaUs affirming the fecond to 
 have been of tti'zi^r/ry-Colkge, might be 
 ditionai occafion'd by two of the utnanie being 
 r:Lr-“ofMembersof thishoufe, about the fame 
 Scholars in And it IS vcty probable, that Mr. 
 
 College. Camden’s more r/ inclination to An- 
 tiquities, is to be dated from this lucky 
 familiarity and correipondcnce j man- 
 kind being generally determindby fome 
 fiich accidents to the particular Studies 
 and Profeffions of their Lives. 
 
 Here he continu’d almoft three years : 
 in which time he had, by his diligence 
 and probity, eftablifli’d himfelf fo fat 
 in the good opinion of his Patron, Do- 
 aor thorntm, that when he was advanc’d 
 * See his to a Canonry of Chrift-church, * he 
 Briumi,,, jvir. Camden along with .him, 
 
 ^ and entertain’d himin his own Lodgings. 
 He was then fcarce twenty Years old j 
 an age, at which the ftudy of Arts and 
 Sciences ufually excufe young peribns 
 from concerning themfelves in Religi- 
 ous Controverfies. And yet then, the 
 Knowledge which he had attain’d in 
 thofe matters, coft him a remarkable 
 dilappointment. For, being a Candi- 
 date for a Fellowfiiip of All.'Souls Col- 
 lege; the Popiih party (foch, at lead, 
 whofc inclinations lay that way, what- 
 ever their Profeffion was) apprehending 
 that his advancement would not make 
 for their caufe, oppos’d it fo zea- 
 loufly, that it was carry ’d againft him. 
 Many years after, upon an imputation 
 of Popery (which we fliall have occa- 
 tEplft. 19;. fion to (peak to by and by,) f among 
 other teftimonies of his fidelity to the 
 Church of England, he urg’d that in- 
 ftance as one ; and for the truth of it, 
 he appeal’d to Sir Daniel Dun, then Fel- 
 low of the College, and a perfon, whole 
 prudence and integrity recommended 
 him more than once to the choice of 
 the Lfniverfity, in their Elcdtions for 
 Members of Parliament. 
 
 After five Years fpent in the U- 
 niverfity, and two remarkable dilap- 
 pointments in his endeavours to fettle 
 himfelf there ; his Circumftances put 
 
 him under a hecelTity of leaving that 
 place. Whether he had taken theDc 
 gree of Batchelor of Arts, does not cer- 
 tainly apjpear. That in June, 1570, 
 he fupplucated for it, is evident from 
 the* Re:gifter of the Univerfity ; but*KK.foi 
 no mention is there made, of what 95 - 
 follower! upon it. Three Years after, 
 he fiipplicated again for the fame De-1573. 
 gree, and leems to have taken it ; but 
 never compleated it by Detemmatims. 
 However, in the year 1588. p we findfWood’s A-' 
 him fiipplicating the Ccmiocatm (by the*™^ *• 
 name of William Camden, Batchelor of 
 Arts of Chrifi-Church ) That whereas 
 from the time he had taken the Degree 
 of Batchelor, he had fpent fixteen years 
 in the ftudy of Philofophy and other 
 Libertil Arts, he might be dispens’d- 
 with for the reading of three lolemn 
 Le6tui;es, and be admitted to Proceed. 
 
 His Supplication was granted, on con-ig^p 
 dition that he flood in the following 
 Act ; which, it feei^. Ids other occa- 
 fions would not permit him to do, no- 
 thing appearing of it in the Publick 
 Records of that time. "When he atten- 
 ded the Funeral of Sir Thomas Bodley, he 
 had the Degtee of Mafter of Arts vo- 
 luntarily offer’d him by the Univerfitv ; 
 but whether he declined, or accepted it, 
 does not appear. 
 
 This was the relation that Mr. Cam- 
 den bore to the Univerfity of Oxford, 
 whicli he left in the year 1571. From 
 thence, he removed immediately to Lon- 
 don ; but with what prolpedt he went, 
 or what encouragement he found there, 
 we have no diftindl account. It ftiould 
 feem, that he did not prefently fall into 
 any particular Employment ; becaufe 
 himfelf has told us, that, upon his 
 leaving the Univerfity, he furvey’d a 
 confiderable part of England : BeliBd 
 Academid, jtudio incitato, fatis ma^m 
 An^iie partem fide oculatd ohiui, are his 
 own words, in his * Anfwer to Mr. » i„ ,he bc- 
 Brooh. By which, he muft probably 
 mean that interval of four or fivetife. 
 years, between his bidding-adieu to 
 Oxford, and his advancement to the 
 fecond Mafterfliip of Weftminfter- 
 School. His natural genius lay fo ftrong 
 towards the Study of Antiquities, 
 
 (a) that 
 
The LIFE of Mr. Camden. 
 
 (a) that even when he was a School- 
 boy (as himfelF tells us) he could nei- 
 ther hear nor lee any thing of an an- 
 tique appearance, without more than 
 ordinary attention and notice. While 
 he was in the Univerlity, all his Ipare 
 hours were employ’d in the lame way. 
 After he came to be engag’d in the 
 laborious bufinels of teaching School, 
 [h) he would lain have weaned him- 
 lelf from thole Enquiries, and have 
 confin’d his thoughts entirely to the 
 bufinels he had undertaken. But when- 
 ever a Vacation gave him liberty to look 
 abroad, the thirll returned, and he de- 
 clares it was not in his power to re- 
 llrain himfelf from making Excurfi- 
 ons into one quarter or another, in 
 quell of Antiquities. 
 
 This propenfity of nature was lecon- 
 ded by the importunity of Friends, and 
 receiv’d very early encouragement from 
 ■fAiifwcr perfons of the belt rank, f The no- 
 ° '' ble Sir Philip Sidney was ever engaging 
 
 him in thofe Purluits, whilft in Oxjordi 
 and, after his removal, ( c ) the two 
 Goodmans ( Gabriel and Godfrey, Do- 
 dors in Divinity) fiipplied him with 
 Books and Money. The intereft allb 
 which the former of thele had in the 
 Collegiate Church of Wefiminjler, pro- 
 cur’d nim tha place of lecond Mailer 
 in that School. 
 
 We may well imagine, that his Fame 
 Ipread throughout the Kingdom, in 
 proportion to his knowledge of it j 
 and cannot doubt but a perfon of lo 
 great attainments in that way, had ap- 
 plications from many hands to under- 
 take the Antiquities of his native Coun- 
 try. But the difficulties, on one hand, 
 appear’d lo great, and the helps, on the 
 other, lo inconfiderable, that nothing 
 could prevail with him to engage in an 
 Undertaking, which (all things confi- 
 dered) feemed almoft inluperable. So 
 
 that the Collections and Oblervations 
 which he had hitherto made, Icem on- 
 ly defign’d lor private latisfadlion, and 
 to latisfy a lecret Thirll, which he had 
 brought with him into the World. In 
 the mean time, Ortelius (* the grar* Anfwerts 
 rejlorer of Geography, as he terms him) 
 came over into Unhand, and apply’d 
 himlelf particularly to Mr. Camden, as 
 the bell Oracle he could confult, in re- 
 lation to the Hillory of thele Kingdoms j 
 and the regard which he had for the 
 Honour of his Country, feconded with 
 the authority and perlwafions of this 
 great Man, wrought him by degrees 
 into fome fort of compliance j and at 
 laft, over-rul’d him into a refolution 
 to improve and digell his Colledi- 
 ons. 
 
 He enter’d upon it with all the dif 
 advantages, chat could attend an Un- 
 dertaking. It was a fort of Learning, 
 that was then but juft appearing in the 
 world j when that heat and vchsmence 
 of Philofophy and School-Divinity (which 
 had poflels’d all hearts and hands for 
 fo many hundred years ) began to 
 cool. 
 
 Italy was the place, where thele Topo- 
 graphical Surveys were firft attempted, 
 for the more eafie and delightfiil Read- 
 ing of the Homan Hillories j and there 
 the difficulty was very inconfiderable. 
 
 The exprefs remains of the old names, 
 preforved in the new ones, was a fuffi- 
 cient diredion in many cafes ; and, 
 where that guide fail’d, they were led 
 to them by their Hillories, as by a thread ; 
 which being fo many, and withal fo 
 minute in every the Icall circunillance, 
 point out the Places in the plainell man- 
 ner, and render all Geographical En- 
 quiries a very ealy task. France, Spain, 
 and Germany had not this advantage in 
 fo high a degree ; but, as they were feib- 
 duedbythe Roman Arms, fo had they 
 
 (a) Ex quo frimim animum fludiis excolere ccepiy indinatione nefdo qua ad invefiigandam Antiquita-* 
 tem totm propendi : wlim nolim hue me natura tiiUt \ adeo ut puer in Scholuy quaainque hue fpeSfare vi- 
 dehantur amide arripuerim ; adokfeens in Academia cum Pbilofophicis penjis •vacuus effem^ omnes cogitation 
 nes motufque animi hue contukrim. Anfwfr to Brooke, pag. i. 
 
 (/’) Po/led ad urbem accefjl j uhi etji laboriojijftmo docendi munere fungebavy & hoc Antiquarium Sta- 
 dium exuere molebamy minime tamen potui. Neque enim potefl quifqne mjirum fubito fingiy aut natura 
 conmerti. Animum femper in hac tanquam arcum intentnm habni : cum feriarer^ non potui non hac flu- 
 dia recolerey & fubinde in has vel illas Anglia partes cxfpatiari. Ibid. 
 
 (c) Britannia in Middlefex. 
 
 the 
 
1 Ep. li. 
 
 2 Ep. 6\. 
 
 5 Ep. 129. 
 
 4 Ep. 147, 
 I)5j i93> 
 218, 147. 
 
 5 % SS. 
 
 T he L I F E oj^ 
 
 the good fortune to fall under the no- 1 
 tice of the Roman Hilforians ; who 
 being fiiflScjently acquainted with their 
 Affairs, by their nearnefs to Italy and 
 their long fubje£tion to the Roman Em- 
 pire, did defcribe them with tolerable 
 exactnefi. But Britain was another •world 
 to them ; and accordingly when they 
 undertook to write of our Affairs, and 
 to give defcriptions either of People, or 
 Places, their Accounts were unavoida- 
 bly confufed and imperfedf. In the 
 cafe before us, the beft direftion feems 
 to be the Itinerary of Antoninus ^ and 
 yet this, as a heap of bare names 
 without any circumlfances of Adtion, 
 is but a poor guide, in fitch Enqui- 
 ries. 
 
 However, it had been a much more 
 comfortable bottom to embark on, had it 
 been found and entire. But he found it 
 io mangled, by the Tranfotibers negli- 
 gence, or ignorance, or both, that he 
 plainly faw he muff redifie that, be- 
 fore he could polTibly proceed. Moft 
 of the ancient Writings of any note, 
 have been fiifferers in this way ; but 
 that kind (in which miles and dijlances 
 are cmnpmdioujly exprefs’d by figures ) 
 is particularly expos’d to the ill treat- 
 ment of Librarians. 
 
 To remedy this Evil, he left no corner 
 unfearch’d, from which he might reafo- 
 nably promifo himlelf any Manufcriptor 
 printed Copy, of Antoninus’s Itinerary, 
 Ptolemy s Geography, or thel'foftft« ; fo far 
 as they related to Britain. His Learned Ac- 
 uaintanceat home were defired to make 
 iligent fearch every wherej and we find 
 his Correlpondents abroad, ‘ Ortelius, 
 
 ^ Meriila, 3 Soveertius, + Puteanus, and 
 r others, carneftly follicited to contri- 
 bute their affiftance. He had alfo heard 
 of fome Itinerary Tables in the Library 
 of Conrade Peutmger, a Noble-man of 
 Aulpurg j and he relied not till he- had 
 obtained that part of them, which be- 
 longs to Britain. Thefo are fince pub- 
 liihcd by Velfa, under the name of the 
 Peutingerian-Tahles ; the Authority of 
 which, Mr. Camden makes life of where- 
 ever they afford help, throughout the 
 Britannia. 
 
 After he had fix’d that point, and 
 
 iVir. C A M D E N. 
 
 begun to trace the ancient Ttnuns and 
 Stations ; he confider’d, that the Ro- 
 mans did not frame a new name for 
 every place they conquer’d, but gene- 
 rally contented themfelves with the name 
 they found ; only filing off the rough- 
 nefs, and giving it a Roman Ter- 
 mination j fo that, in truth, the 
 names and places mention’d in Bri- 
 tain by Latin-Authors, as eafle and e- 
 legant as they founded,, were generally 
 barbarous, and of a pure Britijh extra- 
 dtion. This was a language, which he 
 had no knowledge of ; and fo, in fet- 
 tling the ancient places, he muft be con- 
 tinually jealous that fomething was lodg’d 
 in the meaning and import of the name, 
 which (if known) might either deflroy 
 the notion he had advanc’d, or confirm 
 ; him in his prefont opinion. This 
 brought a new task upon him, and a 
 very heavy one ; the learning a Tongue 
 which had no relation to any of thofo 
 that he was mafler of before : How- 
 ever, he had the comfort to think, that 
 it was a living language, and that he 
 wanted not Friends, who were Criticks 
 in it. 
 
 At his entrance upon the Saxan-af- 
 fairs, he mull foon be convinced, that 
 the knowledge of this Language alfo 
 was necellary to his defign ; as much, 
 if not more than that of the Britilh. 
 Thefe later Conquerours were not fo 
 modell, as the former. The glory and 
 extent of the Empire, was what the 
 Romans aim’d at ; and if the Britains 
 would be content to fiibmit, they might 
 enjoy what they had, and live as qui- 
 etly as they pleas’d. But the Saxons 
 (whatever they pretended) came over 
 on another errand : their buflnefs was 
 not Dominion, but Poffeffm ; and when 
 they had gain’d their end, by driving 
 out the poor Britains, their next bufi- 
 nefi was, to root out all memorials of 
 them. The ancient names were chang’d, 
 new methods of Government fram’d, 
 and in a fliort time every thing had a 
 Saxon appearance. So that now, al- 
 moft all our names of Places are origi- 
 nally Saxon 5 and Mr. Camden niufl be 
 fonfible, that it was as vain an attempt 
 to write the Geography of Britain with- 
 out 
 
The LIFE of Mr. Camden. 
 
 out this help, as to take a Survey of 
 Greece, or Italy, and all the while be an 
 utter fttanger to their ancient Lan- 
 guage. 
 
 The Britains carried their Language 
 with them into the Weftern parts of tbe 
 Ifland, and there defended both it and 
 thcmfelves againft any mixture of fo- 
 reigners. It was only tranfplanted, and 
 the change of Soil made little altera- 
 tion in it ; fo tliat to this day it is 
 preferv’d entire, except forne few words 
 of Latin original, which had crept in 
 by their long intercourle with the Ro- 
 mans. Had the Saxons taken the 
 lame courle upon the Norman Invafi- 
 on, and, when they found themfelves 
 out-match’d, had refolv’d upon a. re- 
 treat, and flood it out to the laft j theirs 
 alfo might have been a Ihing Language, 
 and learnt (as we do French, Spamjh, 
 or Italian] with a little fludy and con- 
 verfation. But their fubmillton to the 
 Norman, was the lofs of their Lan- 
 guage as well as their Liberty. IFSl- 
 Ham, after he had wrought himfelf in- 
 to a kind of Settlement, and thought 
 he might praftife upon the Engiifh 
 with fafety, exprefily order’d, 'That 
 all Publick Pleadings fliould be in French, 
 That their Charters and Writings fliould 
 run in the fame Language, and, that 
 children fliould not be inflrudled in 
 their Mother-tomyie, but in the Nor- 
 man only. And the reign of Edioard 
 the ConfefTor had in fbme meafiire pre- 
 pared the Nation for this change. For 
 the Normans bore fuch a fway even in 
 his Court, as to give the Cuftoms and 
 Language of their own Country fome 
 fort of Credit and Authority in Eng- 
 land : and it began to be diought a 
 point of good breeding, to be Mailer 
 of the French Modes and Language, 
 and to delpife the Fsi^ifi, as rough and 
 barbarous. When the way was thus 
 prepared and open’d befbre-hand j we 
 need not be furpriz’d, to find in the 
 ■flngalph. fo few f who could 
 
 p. even read the Saxon Charadler ; or to 
 
 hear, that it was the great objedlion a- 
 *M. p Wolfian, Bifliop of Worcefler, 
 
 fub An. ^ that he did not mderjland the French 
 lops. Tongue. In fliort, the Saxon Language 
 
 grew out of requeft a-pace : and * their Chton. 
 writings about the latter end of Henry 
 the focond’s reign, might pafs even at 
 this day for hrohen Fn^ifi. 
 
 After it was difos’d in Converllition, 
 we cannot fuppofe that the Booh in 
 that Language could be much regarded. 
 
 The Monks indeed were concern’d to 
 preforve their Charters j but they who 
 feiz’d their Lands at the Diflblution of 
 Monafleries, were as much concern’d 
 to deflroy them. And to do it more 
 effedlually, they burnt whole Libraries 
 together j or, if they lav’d them from 
 the fire, it was with no other defign, 
 than to fond them into the Shops of 
 Mechanicks. 
 
 A Language then, which had lain 
 dead for above four Hundred Years, 
 was to be reviv’d ; the Books, wherein 
 it was bury’d, to be ( as it were ) rak’d 
 out of the allies ; and (which was Hill 
 worfo) thofo Fragments, fitch as they 
 were, exceeding hard to be met with. 
 Alniofl all the Remains came into three 
 ColleBians j that of Archbifliop Parker, 
 given to B«wt-College in Cambridge j 
 Archbifliop Laud's, given to the Bod- 
 leian Library ; and Sir Rchert Cottons, 
 now the richefl and mofl valuable Trea- 
 fiireof that noble Library. 
 
 Nor was this peculiar to the Saxon 
 Monuments : for, in truth, our En^ijh 
 Hijlorians were left in the fame condi- 
 tion upon the DilTolution of Monalle- 
 ries, i. e. difperfod, and unregarded j and 
 yet thefo were of abfolute neceflity to 
 the Defign in view. 
 
 It was a true fonfe of the ufofulnefs 
 of fitch Hiflories, and of his own great 
 misfortune in not being better furnifli’d, 
 that induced him afterwards to publifli 
 an entire Volume of them. Sir Henry 
 Savil colledled another : and thefo two 
 have been fince follow’d by the learned 
 Editors of the Decern Scriptores, and by 
 Dr. Wats, Mr. Fulman, Dr. Gale, and 
 Mr. Wharton. Had he enter’d upon 
 his Work with thefo advantages, he had 
 met with his Materials in a much nar- 
 rower compals, and found his Task in- 
 finitely more eafie. 
 
 The old Itinerary being fettled, the 
 Britt fi and Saxon Tongues in a good 
 [ e ] meafure 
 
M D E N. 
 
 already in the College, would entitle him 
 to the SuccelTion. But, having mifi’d 
 of it ; his firft bufinefs was, inftead of 
 :quielcing in Her Ma jelly’s Choice, 
 to find a fair opportunity to Ihow his 
 Relentment. Mr. Camden, at the end 
 •of each County had drawn the Hifto- 
 ry of the relpeftive Earls ; and Brooke 
 thought, probably, that if any Errors 
 could be found in his Accounts of Fami- 
 lies, an Acculation upon that head would 
 be moll fiiitable to his prelent purpofe. 
 As it would have Ihown Mr. Camden’s 
 forwardnels in engaging on a fiibjedt 
 which he was not Mailer of ; fo would 
 it have convinc’d the Government of 
 their unreafonable choice, in preferring 
 a perlon who knew little, and rejedling 
 another who was a Critick in the work. 
 After two years lludy, he publilli’d a 
 Book with this title, ADifco-uery of cer- 
 tain Errors puhlijh'd in print in the much 
 commended Britannia, e^c. without li- 
 cence, and without name, either of 
 Printer or Bookleller. 
 
 Before we enter into the merits of 
 this Caule, be pleas’d to oblerve, by 
 the way, the different temper and be- 
 haviour of thele two Perfons. It leems 
 to have been lome opinion of merit, that 
 rais’d in Mr. Brooke a confidence of fiic- 
 ceeding, and then an uneafinels when 
 his expedlation was not anlwer’d. But 
 lo far was Mr. Camden from this, that. 
 
 mealure concjucr’d, our ancient Hillo- 
 rians perus’d, [d) and leveral parts of 
 England furvey’d ; he now began to 
 think of reducing his Colledtions to 
 method and order. It had been above 
 ten years in growing, when the firll E- 
 dition came out. An. 1586. dedicated 
 that eminent Statefinan William Lord 
 Burnley, Treafurer to Queen Eliza- 
 beth. How well it was receiv’d, we 
 may gather from the number of Edi- 
 tions j for, in the compals of four 
 years, there were no lels than three at 
 London, bcfides one at Francfort m 
 5 po ; another alfo in Germany ; and again 
 another in London in the year 1594- 
 Moll of thefe Editions had been re 
 vifed, enlarged, and correfted by the 
 Author : but after that of 1594^ he 
 refolv’d the "Work lltould reft for fome 
 time, in order to the larger Imprcrvemaits 
 which he had in view. In order to 
 thefe, he took a journey to Sarum, and 
 Wells, and return’d by Oxford j and 
 two years after, he travelld as &r as 
 Carlifle, accompany’d by his learned 
 and dear fi:iend. Sit Robert Cotton. But 
 inthemidllof thole preparations for a 
 mote compleat Edition, he was unex- 
 peftedly interrupted ; and, inftead of 
 laying out his Endeavours after new diC. 
 coveries, was call’d to a defence of what 
 he had already publifli’d. 
 
 The occafion of it was this. * In 
 the year 1597. upon the death of R1-] till the whole bufinels was over, he did 
 chard Leigh Clarenceux King at Arms,! not fo much as think of the thing, but 
 Sir Bulk Gre<vil recommended Mr. Cam- the news of his Succels was a lurprile to 
 den to the Queen, as a perlon every way j him. And when the Lord Burleigh (who 
 qualified for that Office, and one who j was his great Patron) exprels’d his dif 
 
 1599. 
 
 had highly deferv’d of Her Majefty and 
 Her Kingdoms. The Queen immedi- 
 ately gave him the grant of it, and 
 Mr. Camden was created, 03 ob. x3. in 
 the lame year 5 having the day before 
 been made Richmemd-Herald, becaule, 
 by the Conftitution, none can be 
 at Arms, but who has been fitlk Her aid. 
 At that time, Mr. Brooke was York- 
 Herald, who, upon Leigh’s death, doubt- 
 ed not but the ftation which he had 
 
 latisfaftion, that he had not apply ’d to 
 him upon that occafion 3 he return’d 
 this anlwer. That it was purely a 
 thought of Sir Fulk Grevil, without lo 
 much as his knowledge. 
 
 It was not for the reputation of Mr. 
 Brooke, to lay afide his true name, Brokef-v&i. 
 mouth, and to take that of Brooke, as 
 one of greater vogue and dignity. Per- 
 haps, Mr. Camden had as little temptati- 
 on to be fond of a Family, on ac- 
 
 (d) Befides his Travels before he came to Weftminfter, and his frequent Excurfions, fo often as 
 his bufinefs in the School wouU give him leave ; in April 158a. he took a Journey into Tork- 
 fiire through Suffolk, and return’d through Lancajbire. See his Diary. 
 
 count 
 
The L I F E of Mr. Camden. 
 
 count of any Eminence it could pre- 
 tend to ; elpecially on the Father’s fide. 
 And yet fo far was he from being a- 
 fham’d of his Name or Parentage, that 
 even out of re^e£t to his Father’s Call- 
 ing, he left a gilt Bowl of fixteen 
 Pounds to the Company of Painter- 
 Jfamers in London, with this Infcripti- 
 on, Gul. Camdenus Clarenceux, film Samp- 
 fams, PMor'ts LmUnmfis, dom dedit. 
 
 After Mr. Camden became a member 
 of the College, he difeharged his Office 
 with great integrity, and maintain’d an 
 amicable correfpondence with all his 
 Brethren. How far his Adverfary had 
 a claim to this Charadter, let the fol- 
 * ibiil. lowing inftance witnefi. * Upon a 
 private pique againft one of the Col- 
 lege, he contrived fuch a malicious piece 
 of revenge, as is not commonly heard 
 of He employ’d a perfon to carry a 
 Coatof^nBj- to him ready drawn, who 
 was to pretend that it belong’d to one 
 Gregory Brmdem (a Gentleman who had 
 formerly liv’d in London, but was then 
 in Spain,) and to defire he would fet 
 , his hand to it. The man does his er- 
 rand ; and, that there might be no time 
 for coniideration, pretends that the Vef- 
 (el that was to carry it, was juft ready 
 to (ail. He, not in the leaf!: fu^eefting 
 any defign, without more ado receives 
 his Fee, and puts the Seal of the Office, 
 with his own Name, to the Paper. Pre- 
 fently, Brooh carried it to Thomas Earl 
 of Arundel (then one of the Commif 
 (loners for the Office of Earl Marjhal) 
 and affured him that the(e were the Arms 
 of the Kingdom of with a Can- 
 
 ton of Brahant j and that that Brandon, 
 to whom he had granted them, was a 
 mean inconfiderable man. The Earl 
 acquainted the King with the whole 
 matter ; and His Majefty refolv’d, that 
 the Perfon who had (et-to the Seal, fliould 
 be turn’d out of his place, and, upon 
 a hearing in the Star-chamber, be fevere- 
 ly fin’d for his affront to the Crown of 
 Spain-, but, at the interceffion ofthe Earl 
 of Pembroke, his Majefty grew more 
 calm, and was prevail’d with to refer 
 it to the Commillioners. When they 
 came to a hearing, the Gentleman who 
 had been thus impos’d on, fubmitted 
 himlelf entirely to the mercy of the 
 
 Court ; but withall, defir’d their Lord- 
 (hips to confider, that it was a mere 
 over-fight, and that it was the impor- 
 tunity of the mefTenger which led him, 
 contrary to his ufual method, to pafs it 
 without deliberation. Brooke, on the 
 other hand, declar’d openly in Court, 
 that it was from beginning to end a 
 contrivance of his own, to gain an op- 
 portunity of convincing their Lordfliips 
 of the (ordidnefs of the other, who for 
 the fake of a Fee, would be guilty of 
 (b grofs a knavery. They were amaz’d 
 at the confidence ofthe man; and when 
 His Majefty heard the circumftances of 
 the cafe, he order d both to be commit- 
 ted to prifon j one for treachery, and 
 the other for negligence. 
 
 But, to return. From hence, the 
 Reader will be apt to fufped, that 
 it was not a ferious concern for 
 Truth, or for the Hmtour of the Engliffi 
 Nobility, which induc’d him to lay o- 
 pen what he called the Errors of Mr. 
 Camden-, but rather a vein of ill nature, 
 which was Co familiar to him. And the 
 fuccefi was anfwerable j for, the next 
 year, Mr. Camden re-printed his Britan- 
 nia, and at the end of it publiih’d a 
 learned Defence of himfelf andhis Work. 
 He modeftly declares. That it is very 
 poflible, he might fall into feveral Er- 
 rors ; that, for his part, he never pre- 
 tended to be exempt from the common 
 failings ofmankind j but conceives, how- 
 ever, that allowance ought to be made 
 for fome few Errors, where Writers are 
 to deal in fuch a ^variety of matter : that 
 he thinks hinifelfj notwithftanding, ve- 
 ry harflily treated j and to demonftrate 
 at once the impudence, as well as weak- 
 nefs, of his Adverfary, he clears him- 
 felf from the objedtions upon undeni- 
 able authorities ; and then fliows, into 
 what palpable miftakes this great Refor- 
 mer had fal’n, in the midft of his Cri- 
 ticifins. 
 
 Another branch of Mr. Brooke’s ac- 
 cufation againft Mr. Camden, was Pla- 
 giarifm ; drat whoever would be at the 
 trouble to compare and examin, would 
 find the fumnie and fubftance of what 
 was (aid in the Brltamia, among the 
 fojlhumous Papers of Ghuer and Leland ; 
 From whence it would follow, if true, 
 
 that 
 
The L 1 F E of Mr. Camden. 
 
 , r I 
 
 i 
 
 .. -il 
 
 Smithy p. 2 ?' 
 
 Apr. 14' 
 1588. 
 
 * Defence 
 againft 
 BrookSi P- <J- 
 Britannia in 
 Barkfhire. 
 
 that Mr. Cmdm had no further fliare m 
 that Work, than the ranging fonie loofe 
 Papers into method and order. 
 
 The firft of thele, Mr. Olowr, was 
 Smerfet-HsaU, and fo eminent a ma- 
 ftei- in his Profcffion, that (in Sir ml- 
 liam Dugdale's opinion) Mr. Camden and 
 He were the two greateft men that had 
 ever been of the College. Had he 
 liv’el longer, he would have made 
 vreater figure in the world, and we at 
 this day might have enjoy d the fruit of 
 his Labours ; but he w.as cut off at for- 
 ty five years of age, and left behind 
 him a confus’d mafs of Colledions, 
 which were purchas’d by the Lord Bw- 
 Hgfi, and communicated to Mr. Cam- 
 den. of what ufe they were, or could 
 be, to him, any one may be eafily fa- 
 tisfied, by comparing the Britannia, with 
 thofc Papers, which were repofited in 
 the Archives of the College of Heralds. 
 But if they had been as faviceable to 
 him as his AdverCiry would fuggeft, 
 cannot fee how he could be fairly diarg’d 
 with ingratitude or injuftice, after he 
 had more th.an once afforded Mr. Gk- 
 nier fuch an * advantageous and honou- 
 rable charadfer. 
 
 As the Itinerary of Mr. Leland has 
 gain’d a greater name and efteem, fo it 
 will be more difficult to remove that 
 branch of the Objedtion. Far be it 
 from me to injure the memory of that 
 great man. He was the very firft who 
 turn’d the eyes of the Nation upon this 
 kind of Learning ; and let it be faid to 
 his honour, that what he did was faith- 
 ful, and what he defign’d very great and 
 noble. 
 
 In the year 1535. (15 Hen. 8 .) he 
 had aCommilfion under the Broad Seal, 
 by which he was empower’d to fearch 
 the Libraries of all Cathedrals, Abbies, 
 Priories, Colleges, And in the 
 
 z8tb year of the &me King, he ob- 
 tain’d a fpecial difpenfation to keep t 
 Curate at Poppelmg, where he was Re- 
 dtor ; having reprefented to His Maje 
 fly the great advantage that might be 
 made, by travelling over England, up- 
 on fuch a Search. When he had got 
 together large Colledlions, he fix’d in 
 London, witha defign tocompole fiich 
 Books, as he had encourag’d the King 
 
 to expedt, when he obtain’d his Dif- 
 penfition. Alfo, in the 3 7th of Henry 
 the eighth, he prefented the fame King 
 with a Scheme of the feveral projedls 
 he had laid, under the title of a Nevj~ 
 pears-gifi ; wherein he promis’d a De- 
 fcription of Britain, as under the Ro- 
 a Survey and Hiftory of each 
 County, in fixty Books ; a Survey of 
 the Britifli Ifles, in fix Books ; and a 
 work concerning the Nobility of Bri- 
 tain, in three Books. But the very next 
 year (out of apprehenfion, as moft think, 
 that he iliould not be able to compleat 
 what he had undertaken) he fell di- 
 ftradled, and, continuing fo to his dy- 
 ing day, left his Papers inconfufion. The 
 greateft part of thefo are now in the 
 publick Library at Oxford, having been 
 prefented to it by Mr. IVtUiam Burton 
 Author of the Antitpiitics of Leicejlerfiire, 
 into whole pofleflion they had at lafl 
 come, through feveral odier hands. 
 
 The main charge againft Mr. Cam- 
 !, was grounded upon the Survey of 
 Britain, and of the l^es 3 for any one 
 will readily excufe him in what relates to 
 the Romans, who confiders what ftrange 
 work they made, who undertook to 
 fettle the ancient Towns in Britain, be- 
 fore Mr. Camden. But, the fplendid ti- 
 tle of an Itinerary, and a number of 
 Books anfwerable to the number of the 
 Counties of England, and Mr. Leland’s 
 affirming that he had provided ample 
 Materials for the Work ; all this look’d 
 very fpecious, and was an excellent han- 
 dle for Cenfure and 111 nature. 
 
 But all impartial men will confidcr, 
 at what a low ebb Learning was in Le- 
 '’s time, and how little was then un- 
 derftood of the Geographical Hiftory 
 To defcribe the courfe 
 id the diftance of one 
 Town fironi another 3 or to tell whe- 
 ther a Bridge was of wood or of ftone, 
 or how many arches it had 3 was rec- 
 koned an ufeful inftruaion at that time 
 when travelling was little in fafliion ; 
 and the Comties of England were pof 
 fibly greater ftrangcrs to the affidrs of 
 their neighbours, than the Nations of 
 Europe have fince been to one another. 
 They would not be at the pains to 
 View, and they had no Maps to. let 
 
 them 
 
The LIFE of Mr. Camden. 
 
 them fee at a diftaiice ; ib, every 
 thing that inforrh’d, tvas kindly receiv’d, 
 and a Work look’d upon as a mighty 
 Performance, that at prefent would be 
 vety coldly receiv’d. This was really 
 the cafe between Mr. Leland and Mr. 
 Camden ; the different face of things, 
 in the times of thefe two Writers, had 
 render’d a good part of the Itinerary of 
 the one altogether unufeful to the 
 Britannia of the other. The contri- 
 vance of Maps in the mean time, had 
 given them at once a view of the whole 
 fongdom, and the correijtbndence (oc- 
 cafion’d by the improvement of Trade 
 and Commerce) had inform’d every 
 Mechanick, in what before would have 
 been accounted a Difeovery among 
 learned Men. 
 
 That Mr. Camden had feen the Iti- 
 neraty of Mr. Leland, he does not de- 
 ny or conceal. That he likewife made 
 ufe of it, is plain, becaufe he has told 
 us fo id feveral parts of his Book. But 
 ( fey his Adverferies ) does not the 
 Britannia oft-times fpeak the very feme 
 things that the Itinerary had done be- 
 fore, without the lead: mention of Le- 
 land' % name ? It is vety true, it does 
 fb : but fetppofe I fey. That Canterltity 
 is a City, That there is a ftately Caftle 
 at Win for, LhoxOxfard is an Univer- 
 fity ; am I therefore a Plagiary, becaufe 
 Leland or any man elfe has feid lb be- 
 fore me ? Stippofe alfo, I obferve that 
 St. Auftin repair’d an old Church at 
 Canterbury, or that St. Cuthhert was 
 the Saint of Durham ; will any one 
 blame me, becaufe I make ufe of Bede's 
 authority, rather than Leland's ? Mr. 
 Camden enter’d upon his Wotk, with a 
 prodigious dock of Learning, almoft 
 in all kinds j he Purvey’d the greateft 
 part of En^and in perion, had accefe 
 to all Libraries and Records, and had 
 the afliftance of Learned men both 
 at home and abroad j and if any one 
 will ftill believe, that he made no ufe 
 of thefe opportunities, but chofe rather 
 to Ipend thirty years in piecing the feat- 
 ter’d remains of others, let him enjoy 
 his own opinion. All I fhall fey fur- 
 ther, is, that Leland’s Itinerary is now 
 publilhed, and that Publication is the 
 bed defence of Mr. Camden. 
 
 In the year 1607. he put the lad 
 hand to his Britannia ; which gained 
 him the titles, of the Varro, the Strabo, 
 and the Paufanias of Britain, in the Wri- 
 tings and Letters of Learned meni Nor 
 did it ever after meet with an Enemy 
 that I know ol , only, Sir Simonds * Letter to 
 D’Eoves encouraged us to expcbl Animad- 
 verfions upon the Work, after he had 
 obferv’dtoa very great man, that there 
 was not a page in it without a fault. 
 
 But this was only Threatening ; and 
 neither the World was the better, nor 
 Mr. Camden s Reputation the worfefor 
 
 To leave the Britannia, and proceed 
 to his other Works. His Predecedbr, 
 
 Dr. Edonard Grant, had compos’d a 
 Greek Grammar for the ufeof his School. 
 
 This, Mr. Camden, by long experience, 
 had found to be in feveral tliings defi- 
 cient, and, in the whole frame, not fb 
 well fiiited to the defign, as one would 
 defire. Whereupon, he contriv’d a 
 Scheme of his own, the effebt of two 
 and twenty years obfervation i the me- 
 thod of which appear’d upon the pub- 
 lication, to be fb clear, eafie, artd com- 
 pendious, that it has ever fince been 
 received and taught in moft Schools, 
 as the bell liitroduftion to that Lan- 
 
 ige- 
 
 After the fatigue of the School, he 
 diverted himfelf among the ancient Afo- 
 numents of the Kings, Queens, and No- 
 bility of England, in the Cathedral 
 Church of Wejiminjler. And that it 
 might not be in the power of Time to 
 deprive Poftcrity of the feme pleafure, 
 he copy’d them all, andpubliili’d them 
 in the year iifoo, with an Hiftorical 
 Account of the Foundation of that 
 Church. He had alfb taken fbme pains 
 in collebting the Monuments in the 
 Churches and Chapels of the Univer- 
 fity of Oxford ; as appears from the 
 Fragments of them ftill remaining. 
 
 But this was only his Diverfiony 
 and the concern of a particular place. 
 
 The next publick Service, was his 
 Volume of EngMi Hiftorians, prin- 
 ted at Franefort in the year 16^03, and 
 dedicated to Iris Patron Sir Fulk Grevil, 
 as an acknowledgment of the good of- 
 jfice he had formerly done him, wheri 
 [f] he 
 

 
 
 The LIFE of Mr. Camden. 
 
 he was promoted to be King at Arms. 
 
 Part of them were never publifli’d be- 
 fore j and fitch as had fien the light, he 
 now lent abroad much more correct 
 and accurate. 
 
 The next year gave him the like op- 
 portunity to pay a publick Re^edl to 
 his great Friend and Acquaintance Sir 
 Robert Cotton, by the edition of his Re- 
 mains. It appears by the Original, that 
 at firft he had defign’d to dedicate this 
 Work to Sir Fulk Grovil ; but the Vo- 
 lume of Hifiorians having already given 
 him an occafion to make his acknow- 
 ledgments there, he now chole to Ihow 
 his gratitude to Sir Robert, a Perlbn, 
 whofe Converlation, and Library, were 
 the great fiipports of his Studies. 
 
 The dilcovery of the Gmpo-wder-Plot 
 gave him the next occafion of employ- 
 ing his Pen in the Service of the Pub- 
 lick. His Majefty did not think it 
 enough to appoint a folemn ThankC- 
 giving for that deliverance, but alio 
 judged it neceflary to convince fareiffi 
 N.ations of the juftice of his proceed- 
 ings, and to give the Reformed Church- 
 es abroad timely notice to be upon 
 their guard, againft thole inveterate E- 
 nemies of the Proteftant Religion. Mr. 
 
 Camden was pitch’d on as a perfon bell 
 qualified to draw up the whole cafe, in 
 Latin, and in a llile agreeable to the 
 Index LI- fubjed i which was publilh’d in the year 
 hWtoram& i6°7j and is rank’d among the Books 
 Ex^nrgato. exprclly prohibited by the Church ofl Queen’s reign, and that he^had main. 
 
 Rome, in the year 
 
 The Grammar, the Wejlminjter-Mmu- 
 ments, the Volume of Hifiorians, the Re- 
 mains, and lallly the Proceedings againfi 
 the Confpirators, were only the fruits of 
 his Ipare Hours ; and the lall being 
 publilh’d the lame year that he finilh’d 
 his Britannia, he was now at liberty to 
 fet about in earnell what had been in 
 his defign for ten years before, namely, 
 the Annals of §Men Elizabeth. 
 
 This Work was begun in the year 
 1557, at the inllance of hViUiam Lord 
 Burghley ; who liad an entire Venera- 
 rion for the Queen, and by his conftant 
 favours had defervedly a great autho- 
 rity over Mr. Camden. But he dying 
 
 den did not profecute it with fo much 
 refolution as before j and this coolnels 
 was encreas’d by the death of the Queen, 
 which happened Ibme years after. But 
 when he law, that none who had more 
 llrength and leiliire, would undertake 
 the Task ; now the care of his Britan- 
 nia was over, he began to digeft his Ma- 
 terials in ,the year 1608 ; and having 
 carry ’d his Accounts to the year 1585), 
 he publilli’d that Hilloty, as far as he 
 had gone. 
 
 It had been long expedled, and 
 earnellly defir’d 5 and it met with an 
 agreeable reception from all hands ; as 
 appears by the feveral Letters of Thanks 
 from the gre.atell Petfons of that time. 
 
 And a very eminent Writer of our own 
 Nation, feruples not to affirm, that 
 this, and the Lord Bacon’s Hfiory of Seld. Epift. 
 Henry the feventh, are the only 
 Lives of the ICings or giueens of Eng- 
 land, that are equal to the dignity of 
 the Subjedl, either iir fulnefs of matter, 
 or beauty of compofition. 
 
 The pleafure which the firll part af- 
 forded, encreas’d the applications of 
 his Friends, and made them the more 
 importunate with h ;m, to remember, that 
 the Infirmities of old Age were drawing 
 on, and that he could not better employ 
 the remaining part of his time, than 
 in finilhing what he had begun : Elpc- 
 cially, confidering that himlelf had been 
 an eye-witnels of the latter part of the 
 
 tain’d an intimate correlpondence with 
 fome, who had born the greateft lhare 
 in the Government. But the Cenlures 
 which he met-with in the bufinefs of 
 Mary Queen of Scots, and the private 
 refentments of fome perfons who thought 
 him too fevere in the Charader of tlreir 
 Ancellors 5 made him peremptorily re- 
 folve, that the fecond part lliould not 
 fee the light, till after his death. The 
 whole was finilh’d, in the year 16 ij, 
 as appears from his * Epillles j yet he’* EpM-uT- 
 perlilled m his former refolution, a-^'”‘ 
 gainll all the importunities of Friends. 
 
 And left the common fate of Pofthu- 
 mous Papers Ihould be urg’d by them, 
 he took care that a fiiir Tranfeript lliould 
 
 foe ^ry next year, and foe dtlficultt; o? be f depofited in thT harfoTl” 
 the Work lenliblyencreafing, Mr.C ■ - • ■ 
 
 timate Friend Petrus Puteanus 
 
 “i Puteani 
 and kept vit.p, 50; 
 
 jheC=n.d,Ep!ft; 
 
The LIFE of Mr. Camden. 
 
 the Original by him, which is now in 
 the Library of Sir John Cotton. By 
 this means, the fccond Tome did not 
 iee the light, till the year Kfiy. 
 
 flow’d on him by Dr. John Piers, Biiliop 
 of that See. As to the School-, how great 
 a fatisfahlion it was to him to fee the 
 fruits of his Labours there, we learn from 
 
 Smith's T\xc Records znA. Infirtmmts out oh his own expreffion of it, in a Letter to 
 
 which he extraifled his Amals, are, 
 moft of them, if not all, in the Cotto- 
 nian Library. We learn from a Manu- 
 fcnpt of Dr. Goodmans (who was af- 
 terwards Bifhop of Glocefter) that He 
 defir’d them of Mr. Camden, as a Le- 
 gacy, when he dy’d j but receiv’d this 
 anfwcr. That no perfon whatever Ihould 
 
 they had not been already promis’d to 
 Dr. Bancroft, Archbifliop of Canterbu- 
 ry. Upon whofe death, he transferr’d 
 the title to his Succeflor Dr. George Ab- 
 bot (for he had undertaken to publilli 
 them ; ) and the Biihop tells us, in the 
 fame Manufeript, that he heard Arch- 
 billiop Laud fay, they were depofited in 
 the Palace at Lambeth. It is probable, 
 that thefe were only fetch as related to the 
 Lcclefiajlkal Affairs of that time, which 
 Mr. Gtwifa did not think himfelf fb im- 
 mediately concern’d in. But what they 
 were, cannot now be known: having 
 probably been deftroy ’dor loft, when the 
 Library of Archbifhop Laud was ran- 
 lack’d by Prime, Scot, and Peters 5 for, 
 after diligent fearch made by Archbi- 
 fliop Sancroft, upon his promotion to 
 the See of Canterbury, not one Paper 
 of that kind could be found. 
 
 From the end of Queen Elizabeth’s 
 reign, to his own death, he kept 
 t Since j)ub- f Dwry of the remarkable paflages in 
 the reim of King James ; being defi- 
 rous to contribute all the afliftance he 
 could, to any, who fliould do the fame 
 honour to the reign of King James, 
 that had been done by himfelf to that 
 of Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 Thus far of his Works. As to 
 the feveral Stations or Promotions which 
 he enjoyed ; He began with the fecond 
 Mafterlliip of W'eftmmjler-School, in the 
 year 1575, and continu’d in it till the 
 death of Dr. Grant Head-Schoolma- 
 fter ( which happened in 1553,) to 
 whom he feicceeded. But, before that, 
 wz. two years after the firft edition of his 
 Britannia, he had the Prebend of llfar- 
 cmb, in the Church of Salisbury, be- 
 
 Archbilliop VJher : At Wejlmmjler (fays 
 he) God fo blejfed my Labours, that the 
 ncnu Bijhofs of London, Durham, and 
 St. Afaph, to fay nothing of perfons em- 
 ploy’d in eminent place abroad, and many of 
 efpecial note at home, of all degrees, do ac- 
 knozoledge themfehes to ha've been my Scho- 
 lars. Here he liv’d frugally, and *^*Epifl.iP5. 
 
 have commanded them more freely, if his long labours in the School, gathered a 
 
 contented fiffciency for his life, and a 
 Supply for many charitable benefadti- 
 ons at his death. He refus’d a Mafter- 
 fliip of Requefts, when offer’d ; and 
 kept his School, till the place of King 
 at Arms was confer’d upon him, with- 
 out his own application, or lo much as 
 his knowledge. 
 
 Thefe Were all the Preferments, that 
 he was ever poffefs’d of We might 
 have added another, if the following 
 projedl had feicceeded. In the year 
 i6op. Dr. Sutcliff' Dean of Exeter,re- 
 fblv’d to build a College at Chelfey, for 
 a certain number of Divines, who were 
 to make it their whole bufinefs to con- 
 fute the Errors of the Church of Rome. 
 
 The Propofal was highly approv’d by 
 King James, who accordingly nomina-M.grio. 
 ted the Dean, firft Prwof of the Col-'^‘°' 
 lege ; and feventeen eminent Divines, 
 under the title of Pellomis. And becaufe 
 it was evident, that matters of Hiftory 
 would of courfe feill-in with Controver- 
 fies in Rehgion, they concluded it ne- 
 eflary to provide for fuch occafions, 
 and pitch’d upon two oxellent Hiftori- 
 ans, Mr. Camden, and John Hayward, 
 
 Dodtor of the Civil Law. * They be-^ ^ 
 tan to build, but found the Revenuedkfex under 
 all fliort ; and fo the whole Defign‘'*"f^‘ 
 drop’d. 
 
 How ufeful and honourable a Corref 
 pandmce he had fettl’d, both at home and 
 abroad, and with what candour and 
 goodnefs he maintain’d it, will bell ap- 
 pear from his Letters. 
 
 Brifonim, Prime Minifter of State in 
 the French Court, being fent into Eng- 
 land hy his mailer King Henry the third, 
 to treat of a match between his brother 
 
 the 
 

 The LIFE of Mr. Camden. 
 
 the Duke of Anjou and Queen Eliza- 
 beth, would not return, a ftranger to 
 Mr. Cemdm ^ who, though but lecond 
 School-mafter of mjlmrnjier, and not foil 
 thirty years of age, had thole qualities 
 which rcconiniended him to the friend- 
 fliip and conver&tionof that great man 
 Some of the Servants of the EleSor Pa- 
 latine (who came over, about the match 
 with Elizaheth eldeft daughter to King 
 |amcs) were reprov’d by Gruter, forneg- 
 ledting to do themlelves that honour. He 
 Wonder’d how they could ftay fo many 
 months in England, and all that while, 
 Neque cmfulere ejus Oracdum micum, ne- 
 que adfpicere ejus afinm frimum. Not 
 confult its only Oracle, nor fee the 
 brighteft Star in it. With Gmter him- 
 felf Mr. Camden kept a conftafit corref- 
 pondcnce, while he liv’d j and when 
 he dy’d, left him five Pounds for a 
 Ring, as a Memorial of their old Friend- 
 fliip. 
 
 Peimkius ( the univerfel Patron of 
 Learning) underftood the value of Mr. 
 Camden s friendfliip j and as he was al- 
 ways ready to lend him the utmoft; aC- 
 fiftance he was able, fo did he find him 
 highly ferviceable in whatever related to 
 the Affairs of En^and. Particularly, 
 Monfieur du Chefne, in his Preface to 
 the Norman Writers, gratelully acknow- 
 ledges, that the Elogttm Emma, the Wri- 
 tings of Gdielmus PiSlawenJis, and feve- 
 ral Catalogues of the Norman Nobility 'who 
 came over with the Conquerour, were 
 all communicated by Mr. Camden-, and 
 that they were procur’d for him by the 
 intereft of Peireskius. 
 
 His acquaintance with Thuanas was 
 late ; but being once begun, was very 
 intimate, and lafted till die death of 
 that Glory of France, and the Prime of 
 modem Hijlorians, as Mr. Camden afier- 
 0 Diary, wards M’d him. * The firft Letter he 
 fent him, was by the hands of Mr. Life, 
 in the year i^otf. Whether the fiib- 
 jed: of it was the affair of Mary Queen 
 of Scots, I know not ; but it is cer- 
 tain, if Tmanus had taken Mr. Cam- 
 den’s advice, he had not given lb much 
 offence to the Englifh Court, by that 
 part of his Hiftory. 
 
 That he defir’d Mr. Camden’s infor- 
 mation upon that head, is plain from 
 
 his Letter to him ; but what particu- 
 lars were return’d, we know not : only 
 thus much in general. That he fhould 
 by all means be very tender in the 
 relation of that matter. Thus far we 
 learn from Thuantes’s own Letter fent the 
 next year after, with the fecond Tome 
 of his Hiftory : Sed <valde wereor (fays 
 he) ut temperamentum illud, de quo mo- 
 nueras, in rerum Scoticarum narratione u- 
 hique fervaiierim. Wherein he further 
 tells him. That if the Scotch Affairs 
 of that time could have been wholly 
 pafi’d over, he was fenfible how much 
 odium and ill-will he had avoided ; but 
 that, being fo very notorious, and fo 
 much in every body’s mouth, it had 
 been an unpardonable crime in an Hi- 
 ftorian to omit them. He adds. That he 
 had deliver’d every thing, upon the au- 
 thority of feveral of that Kingdom, 
 who had been eye-witnefles 5 and had 
 laid no further ftrefs upon what Bucha- 
 nan had laid, tlian as he found it con- 
 firm’d by them. For which reafbns, 
 he defires, that if any refledtions fhould 
 be made upon it at our Court, Mr. 
 
 Camden would do him the friendly of- 
 fice, to clear him from all fufpidon of 
 being an Enemy to the Englifh or Scotch 
 Nation, and to fitisfie every one that 
 he had aded in it with the utmoft inte- 
 grity. But King James was extremely 
 offended, to find the Account run fo 
 much to the difadvantage of his mo- 
 ther j and the more, becaufe he knew 
 feveral of the matters of fad, upon 
 which the charge was grounded, to be 
 utterly falfe. Whereupon, he employ’d 
 
 Mr. Camden to draw up * Animadverfi-* since prin- 
 ons upon that part of the Hiftory, andlt^J^^j,, 
 to tranfinit them to Thuanus ; which, ™ J '''s 
 indeed, make the Story much more fair^^^^"' 
 on the Queen’s fide, than either he or 
 Buchanan had reprefented it. 
 
 He eftabliflied an intimate acquain- 
 tance with Hottoman, Secretary to Ro- 
 bert Earl of Leicefter j after whofe re- 
 turn into France (where he was em- 
 ploy’d on an Embaffy into Germany) 
 thefe two held a conftant correlpon- 
 dence. Nor muft we forget the lear- 
 ned Francifeus Pithoeus, who fettl’d a ve- 
 ry early familiarity with him j nor Pe- 
 trus Puteanus, of whofe fidelity he had 
 
 fo 
 
ib great confidence, that when he 
 had taken a refolution to lupprefs 
 the I'econd part of the ^nals of 
 Queen Elizabeth till after his death, 
 
 • Dr. Burnet* he thought he could not depolit 
 fo'S^ut^theCopyinafaferhand. , 
 
 to Monfieur homC * Mr. i bomOS OLWtl ot 
 
 Oxford was one of the firft of his 
 Minj. nrii- Acquaintance ] whole untimely death, 
 in the flower of his age, was a very 
 fenfible lofs to Mr. Camden : But this 
 was in fome meafure repaired by the 
 friendlhip of his brother Sir Henry 
 Savil ; who was lb great an admi- 
 rer of Mr. Camden s Learning and 
 Goodnels, that he would fain have 
 prevail’d with him, to fpend his lat- 
 ter days at his Houfe in Eaton-Cd- 
 t even’s lege. I am jure ( f fays he) you might 
 Ep- ^5’- make me a haggy Man tn my old age, 
 ‘without any dijeontent, I hoge, to your 
 Jelf. I dare fay we would all do our bejl 
 that you Jhodd not regent of your living 
 here. The fame Sir Henry was ex- 
 • Ep. 251, acceding ferviceable to him * in the 
 fettlement of his Hifiory-Leblure ^ in 
 Oxford ; having experienc’d the diffi- 
 culties of that Work, by hiseftablifh- 
 ment of an Hftronomy-lLeSure in the 
 fame Univerfity, a little before. 
 
 Archbilhop UJher confulted him 
 on many occafions, and in return 
 fEp. 61. f gave him great afliftance in the 
 * 5 “ Affairs of Ireland ; * as did the lear 
 ffles to^Mr.ned Dr. fohn fohnjlon of Aberdeen, 
 in the Antiquities of Scotland. 
 
 Sir Robert Cotton was his Compa 
 nion, both in Studies and in _ Tra- 
 vels : His journey to Carlijle, in the 
 year 1 600, was render’d much more 
 pleafant as well as profitable, by the 
 company of fo true a friend, and fo 
 great a mailer of Antiquities. And 
 Dr. Francis Godwm, firll, Billiop of 
 Handaff, and then of Hereford, did 
 him the fame favour, in his journey 
 into IVales. 
 
 Dr. fames ( the firft Keeper of 
 Sir ThomM Bodleys Library) was ve 
 ry ulefiil to him in his ftudies, as 
 we learn firom divers Letters which 
 he receiv’d from him. I am wil- 
 ling to take this opportunity of 
 publilhing them, becaufe they all 
 relate to the At&irs of Learning; 
 
 My loving and good Mr. James, 
 
 Y our great gains to fatisjie my 
 dejire, omitting thereby your 
 
 grivate Bujinefs, hath been far more 
 than 1 could wijh you Jhodd have un- 
 dergone, and much more than I can de- 
 ferve ■ and therefore requireth greater 
 thanks than in words I can remember ; 
 but ajfure yow J'elf I will regifler them 
 ug in a mojl thankful mind. As foon 
 as ever the year ogeneth, with God’s 
 grace, J will take a fourney to Cam- 
 bridge, to fatisjie my felf ‘with Effe- 
 bienfis, and fome other JgeciJied in your 
 Catalogue, albeit that 1 fee in matters 
 before the JAorman Conqucjl, in the gau- 
 city of Writers, they do all trace one 
 another, and therefore few efgecial Rlotes 
 do occur in them. In the mean, ‘with 
 a millicn of hearty thanks to you, and 
 my hearty com'mendations to Mr. Cau- 
 fton, J refl, greatly indebted to you. 
 
 Your loving Friend, 
 
 William Camden. 
 
 Good Mr. Cnufim, and my good Mr. Jumei, 
 
 L et it not feem Jlrange, that 
 Jhodd conjoin you two thus join 
 
 m one. 
 
 J 
 
 mntly 
 
 , when as love and good 
 
 ‘with the mother offriendfhig limilitudo 
 ftudiorum, hath Jo ajfuredly link’d you 
 together. I mofi heartily thank you 
 both, the one for ogening the gajfage and 
 entrance, and the other for admitting 
 me into his amity. And verily, in this 
 behalf, J do congratulate inwardly to 
 my jelf, that 1 have now gotten fo good 
 a Friend, unto whom (I folemnly vow) 
 I will moft willingly gsrform all offices 
 of true fnendfiytg wbatjoever. Only I 
 am firry that 1 was then abfint, when 
 J Jhmld have enjoy’d his grefence the 
 laft Week at London. But more firry 
 am I, that the good oggortunity of thofi 
 
The LI F E of Mr. Camden. 
 
 good Manufcrips hath overJUj>fd me 
 for the‘Printer,‘wbo is impatient of flay, 
 is now already forward, and my occafions 
 will not permit me to tome now to 
 Cambridge. 1 have longpnce feen For- 
 don, Gervafius Tilburienfis, Gual- 
 terus Conventrenfis, and Trivet : 
 fome Copies are here enfant amongfl my 
 friends j and lately I hagfend u^on 
 Talbot V Notes in Antonini Itinera- 
 rium : only I deftre yon to look into 
 that Exameron Anglia and Nota- 
 bilia Briftolia, and Worcefter, if 
 there be any JfecialObfervationsj as aljo 
 in the Hijlorical Epitome of Alexander 
 Efiebienfis. As for hk ‘Poem of the 
 Fejlival days, I long fince read it over. 
 Thus comrnendirg my felf to your good 
 love conjointly, and you both to the gra 
 I hear- 
 
 fhall refl indebted to you for your care 
 herein. 
 
 Your loving Friend affuredly, 
 IV. Camden, Clarenceux. 
 
 Dccemb. 6. 
 
 1 5pp. 
 
 Yours moft affuredly, 
 
 WiU. Camden. 
 
 Weftra. 22. Jan. 
 1614. Anni 
 Juliani. 
 
 Right Worfhipful, 
 
 M T ancient good Friend Gafper 
 Gevartius living now at Pa- 
 ris, a Man by his Works not unknown 
 
 Sir Henry Sjielman calls himfelf his 
 * ancient Friend ; and in his accounti 
 of a Society of Antiquaries which was 
 about that time fettl’d in Lon- 
 don, makes Mr. Camden one of the 
 chief. The Account, in the Author’s 
 own words, will not be unfeafonable 
 in this place ; fince It gives us a fur- 
 ther light into Mr. Camden’s Ac- 
 quaintance (the head which we are 
 now treating of) and lEows us 
 what that age took to be the moft 
 efie^fual method, for the improve- 
 ment of Ancient Learning. 
 
 Ep. '226. 
 
 B 0 UT 41 Tears Cnee, diverse- „ 
 
 j^peimans 
 Preface to 
 
 A renxlemen in London, fludiovA^^cKcn 
 of Atiquities, fram’d themfelves into^fffff 
 a College or Society of Antiquaries, ap-1ms. ' 
 pointing to meet every Friday weekly in 
 the Term, at a place agreed of, and 
 
 , ^ mmown the lerm, at a place aareed of fmd 
 
 to you fo cmverfant emmg Books, hath for Learning-faJ to coffer upon fZi 
 written to ^ as much u herein enclofqueflions in that facuS 3 J Z 
 fed. My defre is, that you would fa- toaether The 
 
 tkfie him bv me if thef 1., ' ’’ oe place, after a meeting or 
 
 /■'A ^ r 1 m your two, became certain at Tuvhv HmCp 
 
 Uh-ary any Juch Manufenpt of Ma- where the HeralrT, Dtn ■ I 
 nilius Aftronomicon. I have hem in t Gu tf ^ kept, and 
 
 firm’dX there is L,Znd thj\ Tet^^Ze 
 H be content to impart Variantes mam unto pofferiL f 
 
 «r7^- 
 
 iffk’A If > 
 
 cmfer it with the Manufeript, andIwiU Jf^F>‘ters hereof, ei- 
 
 4 - „ 4 . 
 
The LIFE of Mr. Camden. 
 
 movg the rejl gre^ for io Tears to 
 he dijconUmd. But it then came a- 
 gam into the mind of divers jinncifal 
 Gentlemen to revive it ; and for that 
 
 fur£oJc u£on the day of in the 
 
 Tear 1614. there met at the fame £lace 
 Sir James Ley Knight, then Attorney 
 of the Court of JVards, Jince Earl of 
 Marlebury, and Lord Treafurer of 
 England, Sir Robert Cotton Knight 
 and Bar. Sir John Davies His Ma~ 
 jeflfs Attorney for Ireland, Sir Ri- 
 chard St. George Knight, then Nor- 
 rey, Mr. Hackwell the ^eens SoUi- 
 citor, Mr. Camden then Clarencicux, 
 my Jelf, and fome others. Of thefe, the 
 Lord Treafurer, Sir Robert Cot- 
 ton, Mr. Camden, and my felf, had 
 been of the Origind Foundation, and to 
 
 Thus much of Mr- Camden^ Ef 
 ducation, his Works, his ‘PromotionSy 
 and his Friends. Let us now view 
 him in his Retirement ; for the 
 fake of which, when he was to- 
 wards fixty years of Age, he took 
 a Houle at Chefilhurfl, fome ten 
 miles from London ; where he liv’d 
 till his dying day, and compil’d 
 there the greateft part of the An- 
 nals of ^ueen Elizabeth. 
 
 About two years before his death, 
 when the pains and infirmities of 
 old Age had made him, in great 
 meafure, uncapable of Study, he 
 enter’d upon another method of fer- 
 ving the Publick, by eftablilbing a 
 Hifiory-Ldlure ; a thing, that he had 
 
 my knovoledge -were all then living oj relblv’d many years before : Witnefs 
 
 that fort, faving Sir John Doderidge 
 Knight, fuflice of the Kings Bench. 
 
 We held it jujfcient for that time 
 to revive the Meeting, and only con- 
 ceiv’d fome Buies of Government am 
 Limitation to be obfervd amongfi its, 
 whereof this was one } Thai for avoi- 
 ding Offence, we fhoidd neither meddle 
 with matters of State nor of Religi- 
 on. And agreeing of two ^uejbons for 
 the next Meeting, we chofe Mr. Hack- 
 well to be our Regifler, and the Con- 
 vocator of our Afemblies for the £re- 
 Jent ; and Jugging together, Ji) de- 
 garted. 
 
 One of the ^uefiions was, touching 
 the Original of the Terms j aiout 
 which, as being obfeure and generally 
 mijlaken, J bejlow’d fome extraordinary 
 gains, that coming fhort of others in 
 mderflandmg, I might eojual them if 
 I could in diligence. But before our 
 next meeting, we had notice that his 
 Majefiy took a little mijlike of our So- 
 ciety, not being mforrn d that we had 
 refold’d to decline all matters of Stale. 
 Tet hereugon we forbare to meet again, 
 and fo aU mr labours lojl. But mine 
 lying by me, and having been often de- 
 Jird of me by Jome of my Friends, j 
 thought good ugon a review and atg- 
 mentation to let it creeg abroad in the 
 form ym fee it, wijhing it might be 
 reSify'd by fome better judgment. 
 
 the Conclufion of his Britannia, Ni- 
 hil aliud nunc rcflat, fee. qudm ut Deo 
 Ogt. Max. fe Renerandie Antifatati 
 Anathema conjecrarem, quod libens me- 
 rito nunc voveo, &c. 
 
 This was his pious Vow ■ and he 
 was willing to fee it difeharg’d, e’re 
 he dy’d. Where to beftow this Cha- 
 rity, was a circumftance that did 
 not coft him much thought : his 
 Education gave the Univerfity of 
 Oxford a kind of title ; fo that, ha- 
 ving fettl’d it in due form of Law, 
 he fent his Gift to that Univerfity, 
 by the hands of his intimate Friend 
 Mr. Heather. On the feventeenth 
 of May, in the year 1622. Dr. Piers 
 Dean of Peterburrow, and then 
 Vice-Chancellor, declar’d in Convo- 
 cation, That Mr. Camden had foun- 
 ded a Hiflory-LeSure, and, for the 
 Maintenance of a ProfelTor, had 
 transfer’d all his right in the Ma- 
 nour of Bexley in Kent, to the Chan- 
 cellor, Maflers, and Scholars : With 
 this Provifo, That the Profits of the 
 faidManour (valu’d at about four 
 hundred Pounds ger Aitnum) Ihould 
 be enjoy’d by Willicm Heather, his 
 Heirs and Executors, for the term of 
 ninety nine years, to begin from the 
 death of Mr. Camden-, during which 
 time, William Heather fhould pay to 
 the Profeffor of Hiftory in Oxford, 
 
 the 
 
The L 1 F E of Mr. C a m d e 
 
 N. 
 
 the Sliih of one hundred and forty 
 Pounds yearly. 
 
 Hereupon, the Univerfity fent 
 him a publick Letter of Thanks ; 
 and becaule they underftood that 
 Mr./fcafi)£r was aperfonfor whom he 
 had a fingular refpetd, they voluiv 
 tarily confer’d on him the Degree 
 of Doctor of Mufick ; as alfo up- 
 on Mr. Of'Lind Gibbons-, another of 
 Mr. Camden s intimate Acquaintance 
 This Civility procur’d them a new 
 Bcnefadior; for afterwards, Mr.Hea- 
 then, as an acknowledgment of this 
 favour, founded a iVhtjKk-Tue&xiK- 
 and endow’d it with the Annual Re- 
 venue of fixteen Pounds fix Shil- 
 lins and eight Pence. 
 
 The firftHiftoiy-Profeffor was Mr. 
 ‘Degory Whear ; being nominated by 
 Mr. Camden, upon the recommenda- 
 tion of the Chancellor, Vice-Chan- 
 cellor, and other Learned Perfons. 
 His firft Ejfay was, a General ‘Dirc- 
 dion for the Reading of Hiftories ; 
 which he dedicated to his Patron. 
 Mr. Brim Twine, a perfon exceeding- 
 ly well vers’d in the Antiquities of 
 England, procur’d a Grant from the 
 Founder, to fucceed Mr. Whear ; 
 
 Eledion devolv’d upon the Univer- 
 fity for ever. 
 
 The little that he had left, he 
 J2 3.difpos’dof by Will (which he drew 
 up with his own hands, about fix 
 Months before his death) in Chan- 
 ties to the Poor, and Legacies to his 
 Relations, and fome fmall Menurl 
 als to his particular Friends. All 
 his Books of Heraldry he gave to the 
 Office ; and the reft, both Printed 
 
 the Church of England j and gave 
 fuch clear proofs of his entire affe- 
 aion to it, that it is a wonder, how 
 a certain Romifh Author could have 
 the face toinfinuate, * That he only »Andea.^dc 
 difl'embled his Religion, and was,hoi“c. in 
 allur’d lb to do with the profpeft Hibernia, 
 of Honours and Preferments. His 
 zeal againft Popery f loft him a Fel-t Sk above; 
 lowfhip in Oxford, and brought moft 
 of his Works under the Cenfure of 
 the Church of Rome, and * expos’d m: 
 him to the lafh of Tarfons, Tofivi- 
 nm, and others. Many of his Scho- 
 lars became eminent Members of 
 our Church ; and he converted fe- 
 veral Irifh Gentlemen tfom Popery, 
 as the Waljhes, Nagents, 0 -Raily, 
 
 Shees, the eldeft Son of the Archbi- 
 Ibop of Caffiles, and others. Whe- 
 ther thefe look like the adtions of 
 an Hyperite in Religion, or the ef- 
 feds of a firm ferjwafwn and a well- 
 grounded zeal, let the World judge. 
 
 After fo many teftimonies, Mr. Cam- 
 den might well fay, f My Ldfo 
 my Writings fhaU aplogize for me : 
 and delpife the reproaches of one 
 Who did not foare the mofl Reve-* 
 rend and Learned ‘Prelates of our 
 
 but he dying before, the right oi Church •, •(- nor was ajhamed to belyi^t'^' 
 
 ■lOi 
 
 and Manufeript, to the Library of Gentry accompany’d the Corps, 
 
 Sir Robert Cotton. But, upon the 
 eredion of a new Library in the 
 Church of Weftminfter, the printed 
 part was remov’d thither by the 
 procurement of Dr. John Williams, 
 
 Lincoln, and Dean of that Church ; 
 who laid hold of an expreffion in 
 the Will, that was capable of a 
 double meaning. 
 
 the LordsPe^iaies of Ireland, and others 
 of honourable rank. 
 
 He dy’d at Cheflhurjl, the ninth 
 Day of November, 1623. in the 
 73d year of his Age. Being re- * By m:- 
 mov’d to London, on the nineteenthMonumm'’tr 
 of the lame Month he was carry’d74- 
 to Weftminfter- Abbey in great pomp. 
 
 The whole College of Heralds at- 
 tended in their proper Habits, and 
 great numbers of the Nobility and 
 
 and, at their entrance into the 
 Church, the Prebendaries and the o- 
 ther Members receiv’d the Corps in 
 their Feftments, with great Solemni- 
 ty, and conduded it into the Nave 
 
 Lord Keeper of England, Bilhop of of the Church. After the Fune- 
 
 ral-Sermon (preach’d by Dr. Sut- 
 ton, one of the Prebendaries ) he 
 was buried in the South-Ifle, near 
 the learned Cajaubon, and over-a- 
 
 He liv’d and dy’d a Member of gainft our incomparable Poet Chau- 
 
The LIFE of Mr. C a m d e n. 
 
 cer. Over the place, is a handfom 
 Monument of white Marble, with 
 his Effigies to the middle, and in 
 his hand, a Book, with BRITAN- 
 
 NIA infcrib’d on the Leaves. Un- 
 der which, is the following Inlcrip- 
 tion : 
 
 QUI. FIDE. ANTIQUA. ET. OPERA. ASSIDUA. 
 
 britannicam. ANTIQUITATEM. 
 
 I N D A G A V I T. 
 
 SIMPLICITATEM. INNATAM. HONESTIS. 
 STUDIIS. EXCOLUIT. 
 
 ANIMI. SOLERTIAM. CANDORE. ILLUSTRAVIT. 
 
 GUILIELMUS CAMDENUS. 
 
 AB. ELIZABETHA. R. AD. REGIS. ARMORUM. 
 (CLARENTII. TITULO.) DIGNITATEM. 
 EVOCATUS. 
 
 HIC. SPE. CERT A. RESURGENDI. IN 
 CHRISTO. S.E. 
 
 Q. 
 
 OBIIT. AN. DNI. 1625. 9 NOVEMBRIS. 
 tETATIS. SU^. 74. 
 
 [ h] 
 
 Mr. 
 

 ■iV; 
 
 Mr. CAMDEN’S 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 N this laft Edition, give me leave to addrefs the courteous 
 Reader in the words that I ufed twenty years fince, upon the fitft 
 publication of this Book ; with fome very fmall additions. The 
 great Reftorer of old Geography, Ahaham Ortelim, thirty years 
 ago, did very earneftly follicit me to acquaint the World with 
 the ancient State of Britain, that is, to reftore Britain to Anti- 
 quity, and Antiquity to Britain ; to renew what was old, il- 
 luftrate what was obfcure, and fettle what was doubtful ; and 
 upon the whole, to recover (as much as poflible) a Certainty in our Affairs, which 
 either the carelefnefs of Writers, or credulity of Readers, had bereft us of. A 
 great attempt, not to fay impolhble ! to which undertaking, as none know the 
 Pains that is requifite, fo none believe it, but they who have made the Experi- 
 ment. Yet, as the difficulty of the defign difcourag’d me on one fide, fo the honour 
 of my native Country encourag’d me on the other ; infomuch, that while I dreaded 
 the task, and yet could not decline doing what I was able for the honour of my 
 Country, I found the greateft Contrarieties, Fear and Courage (which I thought could 
 never have met in any one man ) united in my own Breaft. However, depending 
 upon the bleffing of God, and my own Induilry, I fet about the Work, and gave 
 all my fpare hours, with the utmoft attention and refolution, wholly to 'it. 
 
 I have been very wary in my conjefturcs about the Etymology of Britain and 
 its firft Inhabitants : nor have I pofitively aiferted any thing that admits a doubt • for 
 Iknow, the originals of Countries are obfcure, and altogether uncertain- and ’like 
 objefts at a great diftance, fcarce vifible. Thus, the cotirfes of great Rivers 'their 
 turnings, their confluence, their mouths, are all well known, while the Springs <re 
 nerally lie hid and undifcover’d. I have trac’d the ancient Uvifmis of Britam 
 and have given a Summary Account of the States, and the Judicial Courts ofthefe 
 flourifhmg Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. 1 have fettl’d the bounds 
 of each County (tho’ not to an inch) and examin’d the nature of the Soil and the 
 places of greateft Antiquity, and what Dukes, and Earls, and Barons tliere have 
 been. I Ipve briefly mention d fome of the moft ancient and honourable Fami- 
 lies ; for It IS impoflible to mention all. Let thofe judge of my performance that 
 m-e able to make a true judgment which will require confideration -' but 
 Time, that uncorraptwitnefs, will beft determin this ; when Envy, which nrevs 
 upon the living, fhall hold its peace. Yet this I muft fay for my fdf, that I^have 
 
 neg- 
 
Mr. Camden’s PREFACE. 
 
 neglefted nothing that could give any confiderable light towards the difcovery of 
 Truth in matters of Antiquity. I got fome infight into the old Britifh and Saxon 
 Tongues, for my affiftance ■, I have travell’d almoft all over England, and have con- 
 fulted in each County, the Perfons of beft skill and knowledge in thefe matters. I 
 have diligently perus’d our own Writers ; as well as the Greek and Latin, who men- 
 tion the lead tittle of Britain. I have examin’d the publick Records of the Kingdom, 
 Ecclefiaftical Regifters, and Libraries, and the Ads, Monuments, and Memorials of 
 Churches and Cities. 
 
 Thefe, I have built upon, as infallible Teftimonies ; and have cited them as I 
 had occafion, in their own words, tho’ never fo barbarous ; that by fuch unqueftio- 
 nahle evidences juftice might be done to Truth. Poffibly I may feem bold and im- 
 prudent, who, tho’ but a fmatterer in Antiquities, have ventur’d upon the Stage 
 of this learned Age, and expos’d my felf to fuch a variety of cenfures and opini- 
 ons ; when 1 might quietly have lain hid. But to fpeak the truth plainly, 
 the natural affedion I have for my Country (by far the ftrongeft affedion that is) 
 the glory of the Britifh Name, and the perfwafions of Friends, conquer’d my na- 
 tural modefty, and forc’d me, againft my own judgment, to undertake and pnblifh 
 a Work I am fo unfit for; and for which I exped to be immediately attack’d on 
 all tides by prejudice, cenfure, detradion, and reproach. Some there are, who cry 
 down the whole ftudy of Antiquities, as a fruitless fearch after what is gone and 
 pall; but as I lhall not altogether contemn the Authority of thefe Men, fo I fhall 
 not much regard their Judgment. Nor am I deftitute of fuch reafons, as arefufficient 
 to gain the approbation of all true Englifhmen, who value the honour of their na- 
 tive Country ; and to whom I can proinife a great deal of pleafure and fatisfadion, 
 in thefe Studies, becoming Men of Birth and Education. But if there are uny, 
 who, defire to be ftrangers in their own Country, Foreigners in their own Cities 
 and always Children in Knowledge ; let them pleafe themfelves, I write not for 
 fuch humours. There are others, perhaps, who will cavil at the lownefs and rough- 
 nefs of my Stile. And 1 frankly confefs, that neither is every word weigh’d in 
 Varro’s Scale ; nor did I defign to gratifie the Reader with a Nofe-gay of all the 
 Flowers that I could meet with in the garden of Eloquence. But, why Ihould they 
 objed this, when Cicero the father of Eloquence, deny’d, that fuch a fubjed could 
 dv0)iep>£5'f6i"%, i. e. bear a flourilh ; and when it is not, as Pompoiiius faid, a proper 
 fubjeS for Rbetorick. 
 
 Many, perhaps, will fall upon me, for daring to trace the original of ancient 
 Names by Conjedure only ; who, if they wull utterly exclude conjedure, I fear will 
 exclude the greateft part of polite Learning, and in that, of human Knowledge : 
 the mind of man being fo lhallow, that we are forc’d to trace many things in all 
 Sciences, by conjedure. In Phyfick, there are the Suf/.Pix, and 
 
 Symptoms. Tokens, and Signs, which in reality are little more than conjedures. In 
 Rhetorick, and Civil Law, and other Sciences, there is an eftablilh’d allowance to 
 Conjedure. And fince Conjedures are the figns and tokens of fomewhat that lies 
 hid, and are (as Fabius fays) the diredors of Reafon to find the truth ; I always 
 accounted them a kind of Engines, with which Time draws up Truth from the 
 bottom' of Democritus’s Well. 
 
 But if they will admit any conjedures at all, I doubt not but my moderation 
 in the ufe of them will eafily obtain me that Privilege. Plato in his Cratilus di- 
 reds us to trace the original of Names to the barbarous tongues, as being the moft 
 ancient ; and accordingly, in all my Etymologies and Conjedures, I have conftant 
 recourfe to the Britilh, or (as it is now call’d) the Wellh tongue, which was fpo- 
 ken by the firft and moft ancient Inhabitants of this Country. He would alfo have 
 a plain agreement between the ~tba?ne and the Thing ; and if thefe difagree, never to 
 admit the Conjedure. There is (fays he) in things 'S.yfyjg,, a Sound, 
 
 a Form, a Colour ; and if thefe are not in the word, I rejed it with contempt. As 
 for Etymologies that are obfeure, flrain’d, far-fetch’d, and applicable to other things 
 as well ; I thought them not worthy to be inferred. In fhort, I have been fo cau- 
 tious and frugal in my conjedures, that to an impartial Reader, if I feem not^Eulo^i- 
 /«©., lucky hi Adventures, I hope I fhall not feem Ta\fui^c, too adven- 
 
 turous. And tho , in fo great a compafs, I may here and there have indulg’d my 
 Fancy and made two conjedures upon one and the fame thing ; yet in the mean 
 time I do not forget, that Wnity is the facred band of Truth. 
 
 There are thofe, it is probable, who will be angry that I have taken no notice 
 of this or that Family ; whereas it was not my defign to mention any, but fuch as 
 have been very eminent ; nor all fuch neither (for they would furnifh Volumes,) 
 but thofe only that came naturally under the Method I propos’d in this Work. And 
 I hope (by God’s permifiion) to have an opportunity hereafter to do right to the 
 Englifh Nobility. But they who take it moft hainoufly, may probably be of the 
 
 number 
 
Mr. Camden’s T RE FA C E. 
 
 number of thofe, who have been the leaft ferviceable to their Country, and whofe 
 NobilitV is of a late date. The fame Perfons it may be will condemn me for com- 
 mendhg feme who are living; but I have done it briefly moderately and upon 
 Tn a4ranceof their merit, from the general confent of difcerning and good men, 
 and not in the leaft from a principle of Flattery. And, from the commenaation 
 rhave given them, they themfelves are admonifli d to make tliem behaviour agreea- 
 H^o it ; and not only to fupport, but to enerpf^ them Charafter. Poftenty 
 whatever Writers fay, will do juftice to every one s Charafter, and to Poftenty I 
 Anneal from the prefent age. In the mean while, let them remember, that to praife 
 the Good is to hang out a light to guide thofe that come after ; for it is a true 
 faving of Symmachus, Imitation is excited hy the honour done to good Men ; and 
 an Emulation in virtuous ABions, is rais'd hy the example of another s Honour. If 
 any one fay that I have fought occafion to mention and commend one or two 
 nerfons I confefs it : and hope it is no crime to treat the Good with due refpea ; 
 Ld fome -Trains of allowance are alfo to be made to Friendfhip. But however it 
 comes to p°afs. Virtue and Honour have always enemies to encounter ; and Men have 
 a Veneration for what is paft, and an Envy againft what is prefent. Far be it from 
 me to judge fo unjuftly of Men and Things, as to think that our Age, under 
 the’ government of fuch brave Princes, can want Men of worth and charaftcr ; 
 but they who cannot bear to hear the Good commended, may complain alfo that 
 themfelves are pointed at, by a fimilitude of manners, in the dilhonourable mention 
 
 °^Some^will accufe me, of leaving out this or that little Town or Caftle ; as if I 
 had defign’d to take notice of any, but the moft famous and ancient : nor could it 
 be worth while to mention them for the fake of the bare Names. For that which 
 I chiefly propos’d to my felf, was to fearch for and illuftrate thofe Places, which 
 Cafar, Tacitus, Ptolemy, Antoninus Augujlus, Provincianm Notitia, and other an- 
 cient ’writers, have recorded ; the names whereof Time has either utterly extin- 
 guilh’d, or chang’d, or corrupted. And in this fearch, I neither affirm what is 
 uncerta’in, nor conceal what is probable. But it ought not to be laid to my 
 charge, that I have not difeovered all (after the expence and trouble of a very 
 diligent fearch,) any more than it is objefted to the Miner, that he finds only 
 the larger Veins, and overlooks the lefs. Or, to borrow that faying of Columella, 
 As in a great Wood, it is the hufmefs of a good Huntfman to take all the game 
 he can ; nor was it ever charged on any one as a faidt, that he did not take all ; 
 the fame may be faid for me. Somewhat mull he left for the Labours of other 
 Men. Nor is he a good Teacher (fays a great man) who teaches every thing, 
 and leaves nothing for the invention of others. A new age, a new race of men, 
 will daily produce new Difeoveries. It is enough for me, that I have broken the 
 Ice ; and I have gain’d my end, if I fet others to work ; whether to write more, or 
 to amend what I have written. 
 
 There are fome, I hear, who take it ill that I have mention’d Monafteries and 
 their Founders. I am forty to hear it ; but (with their leave) they are poffibly 
 fuch who are angry, and would have it forgotten, that our Anceftors were, and we 
 are, Chriftians ; fince there ate not any more certain and glorious Monuments of their 
 Chriftian piety and devotion : nor were there any other Seminaries for the pro- 
 pagation of Religion and Learning ; however, in a corrupt Age, Weeds miglit run 
 up, which were neceifary to be rooted out. 
 
 The Mathematicians will lay to my charge the palpable MiftakesI have committed 
 in ftating the Degrees of Longitude and Latitude. But fpare me a little : I have 
 collated all the Aftronomical Tables, new and old, printed and Manufeript, thofe of 
 Oxford, thofe of Cambridge, and thofe of King Henry the fifth. In the Latitudes, 
 they differ much from Ptolemy, but agree pretty well with one another (not that 
 I believe with Stadius, that the Globe of the Earth is remov’d from its Centre ■ ) 
 and for that reafon I have follow’d them. But all differ as to Longitude ■ and ’a- 
 gree no where. What therefore could I do ? Since our modern Sailors Iiave ob- 
 ferv’d, that there is no variation of the Compafs at the Ifles of Azores, I have thence 
 as from the great Meridian, commenc’d the Accounts of Longitude, but not every 
 where with a critical Nicetj-. ’ ^ 
 
 I need not ask pardon for being obfeure, or fabulous, or for extravagant digreffi- 
 ons : For I apprehend no danger of being thought obfeure, unlefs it be by thofe 
 who have no tafte of ancient Learning, nor have fo much as dip’d in our own Hi- 
 ftories : and as for Fables, I have ffiown them no countenance : and to keep my felf 
 from Digreflions, I took P/ny-’s advice, and often read the title of my Book and at 
 the fame time put the queftion to my felf. What it was i had undertaken > M’aps have 
 been hitherto wanting and much defir’d in this Work ; as that which would not 
 only add much to the beauty of it, but be of infinite ufe too, as they are iu all 
 
 . Studies 
 
Mr. Camden’s V REFAC E. 
 
 Studies of this kind ; efpecially when improv’d and explain’d by Defcriptions of 
 the Places. But this is a defefl, which it was not in iny power to fupply ; however 
 it is now fupply’d by tlie care of George Bijhop and John Norton, according to the de- 
 fcription of thofe excellent Chorographers, Chriflopher Saxton and John Norden. 
 
 But 1 exceed the bounds of a Preface, and thetefore Ihall only add. That for 
 many years 1 have apply ’d my felf to^ this Work with the utmoft diligence and in- 
 tegrity, in order to explain the Antiquities of my Native Country : 1 have flander’d 
 no Family, blafted no Man’s Reputation, nor fported with any Man’s Name : I 
 have impeach’d the Credit of no Writer, not fo much as Jeffrey of Monmouth's 
 whofe Hiftory (which I am inclinable enough to favour) is yet of little authority 
 among Learned Men. Neither have I affefted to be thougitt knowing in any re- 
 fpeft, uiilefs it be that I am defirous to know. I frankly own my ignorance, and 
 am fenfible that I may oft-times have been miftaken ; nor will I patronize my own 
 miftakes. What Marks-man that fhoots a whole day, can conftantly hit the mark? 
 There are many things in thefe Studies Cineri fitppojia dolofo, which glittering, 
 ate not Gold. Many Errors are owing to a treacherous memory ; for who is able 
 to treafure up every thing there, fo as to be able to produce it at pleafure ? Many 
 again proceed from unskilfulnefs ; for who is fo good a Pilot, as to cruife in this 
 unknown Sea of Antiquity, without fplitting upon Rocks > And it is poffible, I may 
 have been led into Errors by the Authority of Writers, and of others whom I 
 reckon’d 1 might fafely rely on. There is nothing more dangerous ( fays P/;n^) in 
 the fearch after Truth, than when a jlanch Author ajjerts a falfe thing. Inhabitants 
 may better obferve the particulars of the places where they live ; and if they will 
 inform me of any miftake, I will thankfiilly amend it : what 1 have omitted I will 
 add ; what 1 have not fulEcicntly explain’d, I will explain better, when I am bet- 
 ter inform’d : All I defire, is, not to be cenfur’d out of Malice or a Contentious hu- 
 mour, which will ill become Men of Candour and Integrity. 
 
 Thefe favours, moft courteous Reader, let thy good nature, and my pains, our 
 common love for our Country, and the glory of the Britilh Name, obtain for me 
 at thy hands ; viz. That I may fpeak my mind freely without offence to others. That 
 I may ftand upon the fame bottom as others have done before me in thefe Studies - 
 and. That what Errors I own, you will pardon. Thefe Favours are rather to be 
 expefted, than defir’d from the Candid and as to thofe mean partial perfons, whofe 
 tongues are flandering whenever their teeth are going, who are carping in all Com- 
 panies, and are full of Envy, Reproach and Malice ; 1 value them not. I have learn’d 
 of the Comedian, That Slander is the treafure of fools, which they carry in their 
 tongues I, and have found by experience, that Envy (in fpight of Envy be it fpo- 
 ken) never harbours but in a mean, narrow, fneaking breaft. Generous and candid 
 Souls, as they know how to flight Envy, fo they know not how to praftice it. As for 
 me and my Works, I humbly fubmit them, with the greateft deference, to Men of 
 Virtue and Learning, who if they do not approve, will I hope pardon, what I 
 
 have here attempted out of a moft zealous Atfeftion to my Native Country.' 
 
 Adieu. 
 
 [i] 
 
 TEREN- 
 
 / 
 
TERENTIANVS MAVRVS. 
 
 VERITATEM 
 
 DVMOS INTER, ET ASPERA, 
 SCRVPOSIS SEQVIMVR VADIS, 
 FRONTE EXILE NEGOTIVM, 
 ET DIGNVM PVERIS PVTES; 
 AGGRESSIS LABOR ARDVVS, 
 NEC TRACTABILE PONDVS. 
 
 Through dangerous Fords, o’re ways unbeaten too 
 The Searchers after Truth are bound to go ; 
 
 This poor employ can few Profeffors get, 
 
 A boyifh Task, below the Men of Wit. 
 
 But ’tis a work of Hardlbip when begun, 
 
 A Load uneafie to be undergone. 
 
 ‘Pro capu LeMoris halent fm fata Libelli. 
 
 Books take their doom from each Perufer’s will, 
 Juft as they think, they pafs tbr good or ill. 
 
 A D 
 
A D 
 
 L E C T O R E M. 
 
 Agna per immenfum celebrata Britannia mundum 
 Imperioy populo, rege beata fm, 
 
 PJuncprodity renovata novisy ornatafigurui 
 Auciior ilia tibi, mtior ilia tibi. 
 
 Cantdeni liber ejiy fatis e(i dixijfe fcienti : 
 Camdenum nejcis ? perlege^ notus eriu 
 
 Guilielmus Sydleius Eques auratm. 
 
 Ad amicum fuum Guil. Camdenum, Georgii Buc Equitis 
 aurati Reg. Sp. C. Heptaftichon. 
 
 S I quant defiribis terram, Camdene, Britannam, 
 
 Tam graphicey tanta cur a, gravitate, fidcque 
 HeroumveUes .Britonum res fcrihere geftas 
 {Hac etenim foia negkBi i^ parte jacemus) 
 
 Hifioria poterat conferri nuUa Britanna. 
 
 Hoc tibi reflat opusy vel non hoc fiet in (cvo, 
 
 Secula quod bmos Phoenkes nulla tulere. 
 
 Ad Guil Camdenum, Edw. Grant Sacrx Thcologix Do6lor. 
 
 E Rgone prifcorum luflras monumenta virorumy 
 Ut poffji! facili contexere fingula filOy 
 Qua latuere diu cads immerfa tenebris, 
 
 Antiquata u/u, priflum fumptura nitorem ? 
 
 Unde Britamorum nomen ? quo coeperit ortu ? 
 
 Incola quis primm celebres habitaverit oras ? 
 
 In quavis regione docesy quacunque ’vetufla 
 
 Sunt Urbes, qua vera fimul Comitumque Ducumque 
 
 Stemmata : qua terra dotes : quis limes agrorum. 
 
 Or dine perfpicuo perftringk fingula plene. 
 
 Egregium moliris opm, vel judice Momo, 
 
 Quod femper prafensy quod poflera pradicet atas ; 
 
 Te Patria flimulavit amor, te doEla vetuftas 
 Excitat, ut cunBis patria fpatieris in agris : 
 
 Multi multa canunt, tu multum fcribere tentae. 
 
 Hoc multo multos fupercu, qui multa tulerunt. 
 
 Tu Camdenm eris feros celebrandm in annos : 
 
 Ergo agOy quo tendis greffuy patridmque venuflay 
 Ne labor ifle turn defit cupientibus ifla. 
 
 In 
 
In antiquam Guilielm Camdeni Britanniam. 
 
 D E u deque tuo lihro dum fcribere carmen 
 
 Mens congefia velit, meritafqne intexere laudes, 
 Injonuit mea Msffa mihii quid carmina quarts ? 
 
 Sit jcripjijfe fatis, quod JcripJit Horatius olim : 
 
 Hie meret «ra liber Sofiis, hie & mare tranfit, 
 Et longum noto feriptori prorogat *vum. 
 
 5. Jf. Gen. 
 
 In poftremam Guilielmi Camdeni Antiquitatum Editio- 
 nem, Epigramma. G. Ga. 
 
 S Ementem fterili quoties teUure recondit, 
 Luditur optatifruge colonus iners. 
 
 Ventifuga nunquam dominus ditefeit arena ; 
 
 Pinguis irriguo fiumine terra heat. 
 
 Fcecundum facunde folum Camdene fecafiu 
 lUud & ingenii while fiumen aquat. 
 
 Atque ut opima folet jaSlo cum femine gleha 
 Parturit innumeris granula adauBa modis: 
 
 Sk toties cufm tihi qui juit ante lihellttiy 
 Cultior antique prediit ecce liher. 
 
 Heu ! nufquam tanto rejpondent arva colonoy 
 Cujus ah ingenio prominet his genim ? 
 
 Sume animum. Cum te him difeedere jujferit atae 
 Ut quaras tritd pafcua lata via ; 
 
 Semper Camdenus/?«a/ & Britannia vivent: 
 Longavus nequit hie, dum manet illaj ntori. 
 
 In Guilielmi Camdeni Britanniam. 
 
 N Efcia pene fuiy generifque oblita prioris, 
 Anglia cum jacuit Jemifepulta fitUj 
 O quisy aity tantum aut animisy out arte vakhity 
 Vtndke qui traSiet vulnera nojira manu ? 
 Camdenm patria lugentis imagine motm 
 
 Ingeniumy artem, animos verfat : opetaque tulit : 
 Mortua rejiituit veteris cognomina gentisy 
 Mortis dr eripuit fe patriamque metUy 
 JEternum per tey Camdencj Britannia 'vivity 
 Cumque tua aternum, tu quoquegente manes. 
 
 G. Carleton. 
 
 Ad 
 
Ad eundem. 
 
 Q t/^E vix nota fibi juit ante Britannia^ utri^e 
 Nuncy Camdene, orbi munere mta tuo ejiy 
 ignotaque velut fuerat non ulla cupido, i 
 
 Sic modb fie notam mundpa uterqu 'e cupit. 
 
 Sed tamen incajjum : nimia nam dote fuperba 
 Indignum nullum non fui amoris habet. 
 
 Janus Gruterus J. C. 
 
 Camdeno Jm Britannia. 
 
 C Larm ut Eoas fol quando adverherat arcesy 
 Et procul imifis ferit aftra liventia flammiSy 
 Nox petit Oceanum, 'uultufque enafeitur orbi ; 
 
 Sic, Camdene, tuum jubar ut fulgere per Anglos 
 Ceu Phoebi ccepit, moxfugit, hifpida dudum, 
 Multumque heu fquallens radiare Britannia ctgpi. 
 Non mea nunc Ibetu cum deferit alba profundum 
 Gratior exurgit, pallentes murice vivo 
 Inftaurata geno6, pigro nec fydia ab Oreo, 
 
 Nec dux afirorum de vertice vefper Olympi. 
 
 Ida ego quam lima, repolita Britannia mird 
 Mf Camdene tud, nova nunc magm InfuJa ponto : 
 Ilia ego rupe fuper feuto horrida, horrida gafo, 
 “ Hinc pelagi numen, dea fpicea vifitur iUinc, 
 Pifeofiti vado Nereus, <& ctaffibw arma% 
 
 Atque Ceres flavos fpargit fua ferta per agros, 
 Saxea deinde firues, ^ qua depiUa videmm 
 “ Fronte libri, veluti fervent dfontibm unda, 
 
 “ Et /urgent pyramit, mjlra miracula monfirant 
 “ Feduris, liber ipfe nequit {fat) omnia vefier : 
 Exero nunc vultm exhaujlot ante ruinis, 
 
 Et nunc flore meo marcores pedo vietos, 
 
 Verkm erit ida diet cum qua micat Anglia forfan 
 Nebula quaretur, dnere occultata, fituque, 
 
 Atque alios lychmt dabit : Id Camdene negato 
 Hifloricum vincendo Chaot, qui ndris abunde : 
 
 Hac tibi prifea, redux, tuaque ufque Britannia canto. 
 
 Edmtindus Bolton. 
 
 In Britanniam denuo illuftratam Job. Stradlingus. 
 
 I Nfula in Oceano quondam notijfima, cads 
 Delimit tenebris vix benl nota fibi. 
 Ingenii {Camdene) mi radiante tenebras 
 Lumine (ceu fugiunt nubila foie) fugas. 
 Sic rediviva viget, nec qua patet ida latere ■ 
 Fu potes ; Illam tu, te celebrem ida facit. 
 
 [k] 
 
 e;,' 
 
 Frontifplcii 
 
 explicatio. 
 

 ripiiSl^JJU, (fiAnAaSils, OTl^Uf<5t^«•n mf«AlS»^’, 
 Kau.J'tS©. •mT/ai (fuo-ipoj)©. e^fdn. 
 
 x’ ctjM.ipsS^i' A^lrtwAgf'®' wnS'ei'^i 
 T«>n(va-rft) /AO-^F BpgTf«y/», 
 
 n« 3 o( 4 j©- 'nois 3 y«^Ine^a Tau-ro 
 
 KajLuTSj'©* mTe*J'’ ajccA^ 9 /A^. 
 Bl'TTsXoAft)}', 0^ TrAaW 0^«A« *3ltTg^(5i ^ 
 ’'H aest- Ka/itfw^ w^HOP' o(pgMg -mTe^s, 
 
 ^Amdene, lauseft invidenda, praclarum 
 
 V_j Audire civenii patriaque fervire, 
 Autoritatiy & gloria perennanti. 
 
 Camdene, dum decus Britannia campum 
 In aviterna provelds fc^ax Famay 
 Nitore regio ftiloque praclaro : 
 
 Praclarus inde civis audis, & jure. 
 
 Quid ? non decore mods Britanniam maEluSy 
 Honore maBus ipfe & gloria punBis : 
 
 Sed Imnc & ilium luce tua reples mundum : 
 Vty qua fibi vix nota erat prius terray 
 Vtramque nunc domum pulfaverit Solis. 
 Camdene, laudis hoc tua efi. Et extenfum 
 Quo latius volat Britannia nomeny 
 Camdene, augujiior tanto tibi facro 
 Adorea in Memoria exfiabit altari. 
 
 “Tam nominis cati ejiy litajfe regnorum 
 Famay indutafque protuliffe vinutes. 
 
 Id Britanniam redivivam R. Parker Caio-Gonvil. 
 Carmen congratulatorium. 
 
 S Alve, grata redis (memoranda Britannia) territy 
 Quam juvat e tenebris exiliijfe tuts ! 
 
 Bailor ? an antique mutatus JtJior in orbe ? 
 
 Aut te dum relegOy fecla priora lego ? 
 
 Eis tIuj "BpSTfetvIeui *I^«j>{xa 
 
 H. CuiEiis. 
 
 Ad Guilielmum Camdemm, Britanniam Hiftorica Veritatc 
 denuo illuftrantem. 
 
 Cafpar DornaviuSj D. 
 
Cerm redivivos ducere cajira fua ? 
 
 Fallor ? an hie acies fava certare folebant ? 
 
 Hie Off a j hie rigidus tenders PendafoleH 
 Fefiino nimium. Qiiaj qualia, qmntaque term 
 Surgere jdcra Deo, niosnia, templa, Smus? 
 Qiieis hie Normamis donari pradia legi? 
 
 Unde fequens foboles mmen & omen babet. 
 
 Sed quot eerno domus orbatas Jiirpe vetufia I 
 Heuquas dilapidant alea, vina, Venusl 
 Ufvidi, ut dolui, novus ut nune fedibus hofpes 
 Diceret: hac mea funt, itocolom vetus. 
 
 Quis Genius talem {veneranda Britnanh) nobis 
 Effevelitreducem ? quo duce tanta refers^ 
 Scilicet hoc debes Camdeno : agnojeo parentem, 
 
 Et Genium, cujus te tibi reddit amor. 
 
 Fxlix ipfe fuo libro : fcelicior ipfa 
 Praconem talem laudds habere tua. 
 
 Plus loquar, an fileam ? video tantum inflar in 
 Quas Mufas 'uoeitem ? fed (mea Mufa) file. 
 Parcus amor loquitur : major flupejaBus adegit 
 Mirari hoc tmte, nee Jcio folus, opus. 
 
 In Britanniam a Guil Camdeno illuftratam F. Adarh. 
 Carmen. 
 
 lilus amx Hebridas, glacialem Scotus Hihernm 
 Moverat, Attacotus Vararim, Saxoque Vifurgim 
 
 ConjunBis armis, animifque exfeindere gentes, 
 Subruere eximias cumulatis cladibus urhes, 
 Atque Britannorum nomen demergers bellis. 
 
 Ut tamen emergant qua funt immerfa ruinis^ 
 Et decus antiquum rediviva Britannia cernat, 
 Ecce vetufiatem Camdenius eruit omnem, 
 Magnarum rerum ferutatus magnafepulchra, 
 Submovit cineres, nigrantes difpulit umbras : 
 Inque prius retro fiudiis fe eontulit avum > 
 Contulit atque decus patriaque fibique labors. 
 
 In antiquam Camdeni Britanniam H. N. L. 
 
 P Rifca Britannorum delevit nomina Tempus, 
 Antiquas urbes exitioque dedit. 
 
 CunBa triumphato Camdenus tempore reddit, 
 Jngenio prifeum reftituitque decus. 
 
 Ingenio cedat Tempus, cedatque vetufias : 
 
 E Rrabat quarens Antiqua Britannia lumen. 
 
 At, Camdene, tuam venit ut ilia domum, 
 Invenit lumen, manfit, cupienfque poliri l 
 Hofpes ait mihi fis, qui mihi lumen eris. 
 
 Ingemum majus 7'empore robur habeu 
 
 Ad eundem. 
 
 J.W. 
 
 BRI- 
 
BRITANNIA. 
 
 
 S I jaliare licet magnorum munera divum^ 
 Sibique verts fas flacere dotibus j 
 Cur mihi non videar fortunatijjtma teSusl 
 Digna efi malisy bona qua parum novit fua. 
 Ultima lanigeris animofa efi India lucisy 
 Suis fuperbus efi Arabs odoribus. 
 
 7'huriferis gaudet Panchaia dives arenis j 
 Ibera flumen terra jaBot aureum. 
 
 JEgypto faciunt animos feptem ofiia Ntliy 
 Laudata Rheni vina toUunt accolas. 
 
 Lata nec uberibus fibi difplicet Africa glebis} 
 
 Hac portubus juperbity iUa ntercibus : 
 
 At mihi necfonteSi nec ditia fiumina defunty 
 Sulcive pinguesy prata nec ridentia. 
 
 Foeta virisy foecunda ferisy foeeunda metallis } 
 
 Ne glorier, quod ambiens largas opes 
 Porrigit Oceanusy neu quod nec amicius ulla 
 Ccelumy nec aura dulcius fpirat plaga. 
 
 Serus in occiduas mihi Phcebus conditur undasy 
 Sororque noBes blanda ducit lucidas. 
 
 - Pojfem ego laudati contemneve vellera Betisy 
 Ubi villus albis mollior bidentibus ? 
 
 Et tua non nequeam miracula temnere Memphi. 
 
 Verum ilia major , jufiiorque gloria, 
 
 QuodLatiiSy quod fum celebrata Bvitannis. Graiis, 
 Orbem vetufias quod vocdrit alterum. 
 
 BOOKS 
 

 . -- - ■ - 
 
 
 BOOKS 
 
 AND 
 
 TREATISES 
 
 Relating to the 
 
 ANTIQUITIES 
 
 O F 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Topographical Sur'veys^ &c. of Eng- 
 land in general. 
 
 t)Tolemy’s Geography. 
 Antoninus’s Itinerary. 
 
 Notitia Occidentalis Imperii. 
 Peutegerian Tables. 
 
 So far as they concern Britain. 
 Robert of Glocefter in his 
 Chronicle of England (MS.) 
 has given us the length and breadth of England. 
 Commentary upon the Itinerary ot Antoninus, 
 by Mr. T'albot. MS. This was much improv d 
 by Dr. Caius of Cambridge, and is now in 
 Caius-Coliegey in two Volumes. 
 
 Commentary upon Antoninus s Itinerary, by 
 Mr. Burton. , 
 
 Dr. Gale’s Commentary upon Antoninus s Iti- 
 nerary. 
 
 Various Readings of the Itinerary. And, 
 
 Dr. Talbot’s Annotations j publifhed in Mr. 
 Hearn’s Edition of Leland’s Itinerary. 
 
 Leland’s Itinerary (MS. in the Bodleian Li- 
 brary;) fevcral Tranfcripts whereof have been 
 taken by Gentlemen of Curiofity ; and it is 
 now publidu’d in nine Volumes Odtavo, 
 very accurately, by Mr. T'hornas Hearn of Ox- 
 ford. 
 
 Harrifon’s Hiilory of England ; printed in Ho- 
 linfhed’s Chronicle. 
 
 Camden’s Remains. 
 
 Drayton’s Polyolbion. 
 
 Fullcr*s H'^orthies of England. 
 
 Dugdale’s Baronage of England. 
 
 Dugdale’s Monafiicon Anglkanwn. 
 
 John Speed’s HiEory of Great Britain, and his 
 Maps, in two large Volumes, Folio. 
 
 Sir Henry Spelman’s Villare, Qiiarto & Folio. 
 
 Divi Britannkiy Fol. id75. By Sir JVin(ion 
 Churchill, Kt. F. R. S. 
 
 The number of Acres contained in England, 
 .and the ufe that may be m.ade thereof. By 
 Dr. Grew. Phil. Iranf. Numb. 3 30. 
 
 cn 
 
 An 
 
EAT 
 
 An Advcrtifement for all Navigators up the 
 Channel of England. Phil. tranf. Numb, 
 267. 
 
 N.atural Hiftory of the Chalybcat and Purging 
 Waters of England, by B. Alim, Med. 
 Bac. 
 
 Hiftory of the Boroughs of England, by Broiun 
 milts, Efq;. 
 
 Profpefts of Noblemens and Gentlemens Seats. 
 
 T'empla Druidum, Mmumenta Brittmnica, &c. be- 
 in*^ large Colledions, and curious Obferva- 
 timiSj relating to the Antiquities of England, 
 in four Volumes, MS. By Mr. John Aubrey, 
 Fellow of the Royal Society. 
 
 Note, Bhtnes Britannia, IVrights three years 
 Travels ; and other Surveys of England, 
 printed fince the year nJoy, are little roorc 
 than Extrads out of Mr. Camden. 
 
 BARKSHIRE. 
 
 A Difcourfe of the Antiquities of the Csftle 
 of IVindfor and Chapel there ; in Mr. 
 Afi>mok*s Order of the Garter. 
 
 Mr. Aflmoies Antiquities of Berkfliire, 1719. 
 Part of two Letters from Hr. James Brewer, 
 concerning Beds of Oyfter-fliells found near 
 Reading. Phil.Tranf. Numb. 261. 
 
 BEDFORD SHIR E. 
 
 A n account of a ftrange Tempeft of Wind; 
 
 Thunder and Lightning, at Bedford, 
 
 CHESHIRE. 
 
 S IR Peter Lcicefier s Antiquities of Cheftiire, 
 
 An Aniwer to Sir Peter Lcicefter s Addetida, or 
 fomething to be added in his Anfwer to 7 ^'e- 
 mas Manwaring, by the faid Sir Thomas, 
 
 A Defeription Hiftorical and Geographical of 
 Ckcjhire, by William Smith, William Webb, 
 oxid Dan. King. i6$6. 
 
 Ancient and Modern Eftate of the Earldom of 
 Chefter, by Judge Doderidge. Quarto, 16^0, 
 A brief Hiftorical Account of Beefton-Caftle. 
 By Mr. Er^wick j annexed to his Hiftory of 
 Staftbrdfhire. 
 
 Natural Hiftory of Chefhire. By Charles Leigh, 
 M. D. Folio 1700. 
 
 Some Enquiries concerning the S.alt-fprings, and 
 the way of Salt-making at Nantwich, an- 
 fwered by Dr. Jackfon. Phil. Tranf. N.yj. 
 Obfervations on the Salt-pits at Nortwich, 
 Middlewich, and Nantwich, by Dr. Lifler. 
 Phil. Tranf. Numb. iy6. 
 
 Mr. Ray of the Salt-works. 
 
 Extrads of two Letters written by Mr. Adam 
 Martindale, from Rothenon, concerning the 
 difeovery of a Rock of natural Salt. Phil. 
 Tranf. Numb. 66. 
 
 Mr. Ray, of the Salt-works at Nantwich, added 
 to his Northern words. 
 
 Part of a Letter from Mr. Halley, giving an 
 Account of a Roman Altar found at Chefter. 
 Phil.Tranf. Numb. 222. 
 
 Aug. 19. i6yz. 
 
 B VCK INGHA MSHIR E. 
 
 D r. Kennet, the prefeiit Bifhop of Peter- 
 borough, hath given deferiptions of fe- 
 veral Antiquities in this County, in his Pa- 
 rochial Antiquities. Quarto, 1695. 
 
 Large Colledions towards a Topographical and 
 Hiftorical Defeription of Buckinghamfliirt' 
 by Brown Willis, Efqi MS. 
 
 H 
 
 CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 
 
 Iftory of Cambridgeihire. By Mr. Laire. 
 MS. 
 
 I'lie Hiftory of the Univeril^ of Cambridge 
 ftnee the Conqueft, by Dr. Thomas Fuller', by 
 way of Appendix to his Church-Hiftory of 
 Britain. 
 
 In Sir William Dugdale^s Hiftory of Imbanking, 
 are feveral things relating to the Fenny part of 
 this Country. 
 
 Indigenous Plants in Cambridgefhire. By Mr. 
 Ray. 
 
 The Antiquity of Cambridge, by Dr. John 
 Caim. 
 
 A MS. Treatife call’d Cantabrigienf.s, by 
 
 Richard Parker, Fellow of Caius-College in 
 Cambridge. It is mention’d in Fuller’s Wor- 
 thies, p^. i5p. 
 
 Mr. Loggan, a little before his death, took the 
 profpeds of the publick Buildings and Col- 
 leges, in this Univerfity. 
 
 ■ An account of the Lady Margaret’s Preachers, 
 and Profeflbrs, by Mr. Baker of St.John’s 
 College. Odavo, 1708. who hath alfo made 
 large Colledions, for the Hiftory and Anti- 
 quities of this Univerlity. 
 
 CORN WA L L. 
 
 A Map of Cornwall, by Mr. Norden ; for the 
 perjeBing whereof he took a journey thither. 
 Camden’s Epift. p. 72. 
 
 A Survey of Cornwall, by Richard Carew of Anr" 
 tony Elqj i6c2. 
 
 The fame Book, with feveral Additions, was 
 in the hands of Mr. Cbifwell, Bookfeller. 
 
 ' Hiftorical Account of Cornwall, by John Nor- 
 den, MS. 
 
 I'he La\ys and Cuftoms of the Stannaries. 
 Concerning the Tin-mines in Cornwall. ®hil. 
 Tranf. N. 69. 
 
 Dr. Merrec, of the Tin-mines, N. 138. 
 
 Mr. Ray of the preparing, and linelting, or 
 blowing, of Tin. Northern words, p. 180. 
 The Improvement of Cornwall by Sea-fand. 
 Phil. Tranf. N. 1 13. 
 
 Judge Doderidge hath written a TreauTe con- 
 cerning the Dutchy of Cornwall. 
 
 Mr. Newton, of the efteds of Papaver Cornicu- 
 latum luteum, growing there. Philoft Tranf. 
 N. 242. 
 
 CV MBE RLAND. 
 
 \ Gencalcgical Account of the Fumi'fe in 
 Cumkrlmd, by Mr. Demon. A Manu- 
 fcript, copy d into feveral hands. 
 
 The Ecdcfiaftical Hidory of Cumberland, fince 
 the Inundation of the Eiflioprick of Carlifle 
 
 cLr^h! ui P«-^bendary of that 
 
 Natural Hillory of Cumberland (in Dr. Plot’s 
 method, as to the main of it) by Dr Ni- 
 ralfouNate Biihopof Carlifle, and now Bi- 
 Ihop ol Derry in Ireland, MS. 
 
 Hiftory 
 
relating to the Antic^uities o/'England. 
 
 Hiftory of the Cathedral of Carlifle. By Sir 
 William Dugdale. At the end of his Hifto- 
 ry of St. Paulas. 
 
 A Letter from Mr. William Kicolfon (now 
 Bifliop of Derry ) concerning two Runic 
 Infcriptions at Beau-Caftle and Bridekirk. 
 Phil. 'Pranf. N. i']6. 
 
 Dr. Lifter, of the Copper-mines. Phil. Tranf. 
 N. 200. 
 
 Dr. Plot, of the Black-Lead, at KefiAck, 
 K. 240. 
 
 derbtshire. 
 
 A Coileftion of the Laws, Liberties, Cu- 
 ftoms, &c. of the feveral Mines and Mi- 
 ners in Derbyihire, by Thomas Houghton. 
 Lond. 1687. 11°. 
 
 The -benefit of the ancient Bvaths of Buxton- 
 IVeUs't by John Jones, Med. 1J72. 4to. 
 Several Obliervations relating to Buxton'lVeUs. 
 MS. 
 
 A Defcription of a moiiftrous Giant, difcovLi-’d 
 by a certain Labourer in this Comity. Pub- 
 lifli’d 1661. 
 
 The Wonders of the Peak, written in Latin-Vorfe 
 by Mr. Hobbes. 
 
 The Wonders of the Peak, by Charles Cotton,. 
 Efqj in Englifti Verfe. It is faid, that he 
 firft wrote it in the Dialed of that Coun- 
 ty, and made aGloifary to it j but what be- 
 came of it, I have not heard. 
 
 The Natural and Artificial Wonders of the 
 Peak, are defcribed by Dr. Leigh (in Lane.) 
 Folio. 1700. 
 
 The Libertks and Cuftoms of the Lead-Mines 
 within the Wapentake of Wirkfivorth in the 
 County of Derby, by Edw. Manlove, Efqj 
 idjs- 
 
 DEVONSHIR E. 
 
 A Survey of Devonjhire, by T'homas Rifdon, 
 whody’dAn. 16^6. (Wood's At/sena, 
 Vol. I. pag. 515.) 8vo. 1714. 
 
 Colledions out of the Records, Deeds, &c. be- 
 longing to the Church of Exeter, MS. by 
 Mr. Pafmor. 
 
 The Antiquities, and Defeription, of the City 
 of Exeter, by John Hooker, 1 5 84. 
 
 The fame Book reprinted in Holinfsed^s Chro- 
 nicle. 
 
 Exeter defcribed and illuftrated, by yir.hjicke, 
 Chamberlain thereof. 8vo. idyy. 
 
 Of a confiderable Loadftone dug out of the 
 ground in Devonfhirc, weighing 60 pound, 
 &c. Philofoph. Tranfad. Numb 23. 1666. 
 Of the Mines in Devonlhire. Philof. Tranf. 
 Numb. 69. 
 
 Extrad of a Letter from Dr. Oliver, concern- 
 ing an ebbing and flowing Well, near Tor- 
 bay. Phil., Tranf. N. 204. 
 
 Dr. Bury, of manuring Land by Sea-fand. 
 Phil. Tranf. Numb. 316. 
 
 DORSE'fSHlRE. 
 
 A Brief Account of a Medicinal Spring at 
 Faringdon, by Dr. Highmore. Phil. 
 “3 raiif. N. yd. 
 
 DURHAM. 
 
 T H E Antiquities of the Cathedral Church 
 of Durham, colleded our of ancient Ma.- 
 nuferipts about the time of the Suppreflion, 
 and publifli’d by fo. Davies of Kiivxlly, 
 1672. 8vo. 
 
 The Legend of St. Cuthbert, with the Antiqui- 
 ties of the Church of Durham, by B. R. Efq; 
 1661. 
 
 Hiftory of the Cathedral Church of Durham. 
 By Sir William Dugdale. At the end of his 
 Hiftory of St. Paul's. iyi6. 
 
 A fhorc Treatife of an ancient Fountain or Vi- 
 triolin-Spaw near the City of Durham, by 
 E. W. Dodor of Phyfick, idyy. 
 
 Large Colledions relating to the Antiquities of 
 this Biflioprick, w'ere made by Mr. Mickleton, 
 an intelligent Antiquary. MS. 
 
 The origin and fucccllion of the Bifhops of 
 Durham, together with their Lives and 
 Adions colleded out of the ancient and late 
 Records of the Cathedral Church of Dur- 
 ham, and for the moft part tranflated out of 
 Latin into Englifli, at the Charges of Mr. 
 J. Hall of Confer in the County of Durham, 
 A.D. 1^03. MS. 
 
 Memorials of the County Palatine of Durham, 
 and the Royal Rights of the Lord Bifliop of 
 Durham, betwixt the Tine and Teafe, and 
 in the Manors and Lordfliips of Norham, 
 Holy Ifland, parcels of the aforefaid 
 
 County Palatine, by Mr. John Spear, Un- 
 der-Sherift of the County. A. D. i( 5 p 7 - 
 MS. 
 
 An account of a Roman Monument found near 
 Shields. Phil Tranf. N. 145. 
 
 An Account ot a Salt-fpring, and another Me- 
 dicinal Spring, on the banks of the river 
 Weare, by Dr. "Todd. Phil Tranf. N. 163. 
 
 A Letter from Mr. Chriftopber Hunter, concern- 
 ing fome Rnman Infcriptions found near 
 Durham. Phil. Tranf. N. z66. 
 
 Part of a Letter from Mr. Cbriflopher Hunter 
 concerning a Roman infeription found at 
 Ebchejier. Phil Tranf. N. 278. 
 
 ESSEX. 
 
 T he Hiftory of Waltham- Abbey, by Dr. 
 Fuller then Curate there. Lond. idjy. 
 Folio. Printed at the end of his Church- 
 Hiftory. 
 
 Survey of the County of EJfex, in a thin Folio, 
 MS. by John Norden, now, or late, in the 
 Library of Sir: EdwardT’urner. 
 
 It is faid, that Mr. Strangman of Hadley-Cafile in 
 Suffolk, hath written the Antiquities of Effex. 
 It ftill remains in Maiiufcript, but in what 
 hands I know not. 
 
 A Defeription of Harwich and Dover-Cmirt, by 
 Silas T'ailor, MS. 
 
 Mr. John Oufelcy, -late Redor of Pantfield, a 
 perfon exceedingly well vers'd in the Hiftories 
 of this Nation, fptiit many years in colled- 
 ing the Antiquities of EJfex, which, at his 
 death, he left in Manufeript. 
 
 The Antiquity of Numeral Figures in England, 
 proved from an Infeription at Colchefter, 
 Anno lopo; by Mr. Tfhomas Luffkin. Phil. 
 Tranf. N. 255, 166. 
 
 Part of a Letter from Mr. John Luffkin, con- 
 cerning fome large Bones lately found in a 
 Gravel-pit near Colchefter. Phil Tranf. 
 N. 274. A 
 
Books and T reatises 
 
 A Letter from Mr. Samuel Dale^ concerning 
 Harw/t/j-C/// and the Foffil-lhells there. Phil. 
 Tranh N. 291. 
 
 Mr. Derham, of the quantity of Rain^that tell 
 at Upminfter, for eighteen years. Phil. Tranf. 
 N. 341. 
 
 An Account of the Culture of Saffron, by the 
 Honourable Charles Howard, Efqi N. 138. 
 Obfervations concerning the fubterraneous 
 Trees, in Dagenham, and other Marfh-’S, 
 bordering upon the river of Thames. By 
 Mr. Di.rhain. Phil. Tranf. N. 33 5 - 
 
 G LO CEST’ERS HIKE. 
 
 D Efcription of Glocefterfliire. By Sir Ro- 
 bert Atkins. Folio. 
 
 'I'he Laws and Cufloms of the Minevs in the 
 Forefl of Dean in the County of Glocefter, 
 Lond. 1687. lamo. 
 
 Amalia Duhenfia^ upon the yearly celebration 
 of Mr. Robert Dowr^s Olympick-Games upon 
 CotJivolJ-hiWs ; v.'ritten by thirty three of the 
 belt Poets of that time, Publifh’d i6'^6. 
 
 I’he Military Government of the City of Glo- 
 te/ler, by 'John Corbet. Publifh’d 1551. 
 Colleftions relating to the Antiquities of this 
 County, were made by Hales] which 
 
 are now (I think) in Lincolns-Inn-Library, 
 London, among his other Manulcripts. 
 
 A ffrange and wonderful Difeovery of Houfes 
 under-ground at Cottons-Jield in Glocefter- 
 fhire. 
 
 An Account of Iron-works, in the Foreft of 
 Dean. Phil. Tranf. N. 137. 
 
 A Defeription cf Pen-park-hole. Phil, Tranf. 
 N. 143. 
 
 HAMSHIRE. 
 
 T H E Antiquities and Defeription of Win- 
 chejier, with an Hiflorical Relation touch- 
 ing leveral memorable Occurrences concer- 
 ning the iame i with a Preamble of the Ori- 
 ginal of Cities in general. F’olio, MS. by 
 Ur.rrvjjel._ 
 
 A Treatile of the Antiquities of the fame City 
 was written by Dr. Bettes. MS. 
 
 Some Remarkables concerning the Monuments 
 in the ancient City of IVincbejier, by Mr. 
 Butler of St. Edmonds-bury. 
 
 Hiifory and Antiquity of the Cathedral Church 
 QilVmheJier; begun by Henry Earl of Cla- 
 rendon, and continued by Sam. Gale, Gent. 
 8vo. 1715. 
 
 Survey of the Ifle of Wight. By Sir Francis 
 Kmliisi MS. 
 
 HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 H lftory and Antiquities of the Cathedral 
 Church of Hereford. 
 
 Propofals w^ere printed (Anno 1717.) for pub- 
 lifhing the Hiftory of the City df Hereford, 
 as to its Eccleliaftical and Civil State, by 
 James Hill of the Middle Temple, Gent. 
 Colleftions of the Antiquities, Pedigrees, Epi- 
 taphs, &c. in this County. By Silas T'aylor. 
 MS. 
 
 An Account of fome Sanative WTters in Here- 
 fordfhire. Phil. I'ranf N. 20. 
 
 HERTFORDS HIR E. 
 
 A Chorographical Defeription of the Coun- 
 ty of Hertford w^as publifhed by John 
 Norden, Anno 155*3. 
 
 The Antiquities of Hertfordfliire, by Sir Henry 
 Chancey Kr. Serjeant at Law. Folio. 
 Vallance’s Account of feveral parts of Hertford- 
 ftiire. Mr. Hearn's Leland’s Itinerary, Vo- 
 lume V. 
 
 Mr. Chelledon’s Account of the Dimenfions of 
 human Bodies, dug up near St. Albans. 
 Pnil. Tranf N. 333. 
 
 hvnt'ingd 0 ns hire. 
 
 H Untingdon-Divertifementj or an Interlude 
 for the general Entertainment of the 
 County-feaft held .at Merchant-Taylors-hall, 
 June 30. idyS. 
 
 Sir Robert Cotton made fome progrefs towards a 
 Survey oi this County. 
 
 K E Nr. 
 
 P Erambulation of Kent, by William Lam- 
 bert of Lincolns-Inn, Gent. Lond. 15yd 
 and lypd, dT'c. 
 
 A brief Survey of the County of Kenty by 
 Richard Kiiboumy Lond. 1657 and idyp. 
 Philpot's furvey of Kent. 
 
 Another furvey of this County was written by 
 Mr. Norden, and is flill in Manufeript. 
 
 Dr. Harris’s Hiftory of Kent at large. Folio. 
 The Monuments in this County are collefted 
 by John Weverin his Funeral Monuments. 
 
 Silas Taylor, of Gavelkind. 
 
 The Hiilury of Gavelkind, or the Local Cuftoms 
 of Kent, by Mr. Somner, An. 1660. 
 
 The Forts and Ports in Kent, by Mr. Somner, 
 with the Lil'e of the Author by Dr. Kerniet, 
 now Bifliop of Peterburough, Oxon. idp3. 
 The Antiquities of Canterbury, by Mr. Somner, 
 Folio ; with Additions, by Mr. Battley. 
 Antiquitntes Rutupina. By Dr. Battley, Arch- 
 deacon of Canterbury. 8vo. 
 
 Mr. Somiier^s Vindication of himfelf about 
 building the M.arket-houfe at Canterbury. 
 
 His Treatife sihout the Fijh-bones found 
 Quarto. 
 
 The Chronicle of Rochefter, written by Ed- 
 mund Bedenham, MS. 
 
 Textus Rojfenfis, a very ancient MS. belonging 
 to that Church now publifhed by Mr. 
 Hearn. See Dr. Hicke’s Catalogue of Ma- 
 nufciipts. 
 
 Hiftory and Antiquities of the Cathedral 
 Church of Rochefter. 8vo. 1717. 
 
 Dejeriptio Itineris, Plantarum invejli^ationis er^o 
 fufeepti, in agrum Cantianum, 16^2. 
 
 Survey of the Monaftery of FeverJIoam, by Tho. 
 
 Southoufe, Lond. idyi. izmo. 
 
 A Philofophical and Medicinal Effay of the 
 Waters of Tunbridge, by Loi. Rowie, atrd. 
 P. Madan, M.D.D. 1687. 
 
 A Letter concerning fome formed Stones, found 
 at Hmnon ; by Dr. Halky. Philof. TranfaS. 
 N. 15'S- 
 
 A difeourfe tending to prove, at what rime and 
 Rlace Julius Cafar made his iirll defeent upon 
 Britain ; by E. Halky. Phil. Tranf. N. ipj. 
 
 A 
 
relating to the Antic^uities ^England. 
 
 A Letter of Dr. Wallis, relating to that Jflhmus 
 or Neck of Land, between Dover and Calais, 
 which is fuppofed to have joined England 
 and France. Phil. Tranf. N. 275. 
 
 Part of a Letter from Mr. Stephen Gray, con- 
 cerning his Obfervations on the FoIJils of 
 Recuker-Oiif. Phil. Tranf. N. 2(58. 
 
 Chartham-News ; or a relation of fome ftrange 
 Bones there lately dug up. By Mr. Somner. 
 Phil. Tranf. N. 271. ^ 
 
 A Letter of Dr. Wallis, relating to Mr. Somner s 
 Treatife of Chartbam-Neias. Phil. Tranf 
 N. 27<5. 
 
 Concerning a Mineral Water at Canterbury. 
 Phil. Tranf. N. 212. 
 
 LANCASHIRE. 
 
 N Atural Hiftory of Lancafhire, by Charles 
 Leigh, M. D. 
 
 Manner of making Salt of Sea-Sand in Lanca- 
 Ihire. ^^ysNorthern-ixiords, pag. 209. 
 
 The flate of this County in refpe(5t of Religion, 
 about the beginning of King James the firft, 
 by Mr. Vrmflon- MS. in the hands of Mr. 
 Brotherton of Heye. 
 
 Holinglworth’s Hiftory of Manchefier, MS. in 
 the Library there. 
 
 Borlace^s i^ziArtW-Spaw, 1670. 
 
 Figures' of many Saxon Coins found OlX Harkirk, 
 1 7 1 1 . In a iingle Sheet. 
 
 The defcription of a Well and Earth, near Wi- 
 gan, taking fire by a Candle. Phil. Tranf 
 N. 245. 
 
 The figure of an Infcription near Mancheiler, 
 by Dr. Lijler. Phil. Tranf N. 155. 
 
 An Account of feveral curious Obfervations and 
 Experiments, concerning the Growth of 
 Trees, made at Hey; hy T^ho. Brotherton, Efq; 
 Phil. Tranf N. 187. 
 
 Of the Hcematites wrought into Iron at Mil- 
 throp-Forge, by Mr. Sturdie. Phil. Tranf 
 N. 199- , . - 
 
 A Letter from Mr. Thoresby concerning fome 
 Roman Coins found in Lancafhire. Phil. 
 Tranf. N. 244. ^ 
 
 A Letter from Dr. Cay, concerning fome Wa- 
 ters in I-ancafhire. Phil. Tranf. N. 245. 
 
 De Aquis Mineralibus, &c. per Car. Leigh,. M. D- 
 Richard Townley, Efq;. concerning the quan- 
 tity of , Rain, falling monthly here for leve- 
 ral years. Phil. Tranf. N. 208, 249, 297. 
 
 LEICESTERSHIRE. 
 
 T he Antiquities of Leicejlerjhire, by William 
 Burton, Efq;. Fol. 1622. The late learn- 
 ed Mr. Chetiuind of Staffordfhire had a Copy 
 of this in his poffeiTion, with confiderable 
 Additions under the Author s own hand. 
 
 A brief Relation of the Diflblution of the Earth 
 in the Foreft of Charnvjood, in one fheet, 
 1 ^ 79 . 
 
 Of an ancient Mofaick Work at Leicefter. 
 Phil. Tranf N. 33 1. 
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE. 
 
 S IR William Dugdale*s Hiftory of Imbank- 
 ing, gives a large account or feveral Fenns 
 and Marjhes in this County. 
 
 The Survey and Antiquities of the Town of 
 Stamford in this County, by Richard Butcher 
 Gent. 16^6. 
 
 A Relation of the great damages done by a 
 Teriipeft and Overflowing of the Tides in 
 Lincolnjbire, and Norfolk, i6ji. 
 
 A Relation of abundance of Wood found under- 
 ground, in the Ifle of Axholme. Phil. Tranf 
 N. 67. 
 
 An account of feveral Obfervables in Liiicoln- 
 fhire, by Mr. Chrijlopher Merret. Phil. Tranf. 
 N. 223. 
 
 A Table of the Wojhcs in Lincoinfhire, by Mr. 
 Chriftophe'r Merret. Phil. Tranf N. 224. 
 
 A Letter from the Reverend Mr. Abraham de la 
 Pryme, concerning fome Roman Antiquities 
 in Lincolnfllire. Phil. T ranf N. 16^ . 
 
 ALetter from the fame hand, concerning 5>-(3 k^/j- 
 ton in Lincoinfhire. Phil. IVanf N. 266. 
 
 Part of a Letter concerning fome Roman Coins, 
 and other matters lately obferved in Lincoln- 
 ihire, near Fleer, and Spalding, by Mr, 
 Raftrick. Phil. Tranf N. 279. 
 
 MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Survey of Middlefej:. 
 
 Fitz-Stephens Survey of London. 
 
 'The Cuftoms of London. 
 
 De Law lie’s prefent State of ioKioK, i58i. 8vo. 
 
 Domus Carthu/tana, or the Foundation of tlie 
 Charter-houfe, by Samuel Herne, Lond. idyy. 
 
 Londonopula, by James Howel. Fol. 
 
 Stow’s Survey of London, 1598; of which, a 
 new Edition is in the Prels, by Mr. Strype. 
 
 The City-Law, tranflated out of an ancient 
 MS. and printed 
 
 Hiftory of St. Paul’s, by Sir William Dugdale, 
 idjS. Fol. of which a new Edition hath been 
 lately publilhed, with Additions, 1715. 
 
 The third Univerfity of England, (viz. London',} 
 being a Treatife of all the Foundations of 
 Colleges, Inns of Court, &c. by Sir George Buck. 
 1615. 
 
 Origines furidiciales, by Sir William Dugdale, 
 Fol. 1666. 
 
 Hiftory of Tombs and Monuments in and about 
 the City of London, 166^. 
 
 A Relation of the late dreadful Fire in London, 
 as it was reported to the Committee in Par- 
 liament, 1667. 
 
 Narrative of the Fire of London, by Mr. Ed- 
 ward Waterhoufe, 16(57. 
 
 London, King Charles’s Augufia, by Sylvanus 
 Morgan. A Poem. 1648. 
 
 Natural and Political Obfervations upon the 
 Bills of Mortality. 
 
 Two EflTays in Political Arithmetick, concerning 
 the comparative Magnitudes, People, and 
 Wealth, of the Cities of London and Paris, 
 tending to prove that at this day the City 
 of London is the moft confiderable upon the 
 face of the Earth. By Sir William Petty. 
 Phil. Tranf. N. 183. 
 
 A further Aflbeion of the aforefaid Propofitions; 
 together with a Vindication of the Efiays, 
 from the obje(ftions of fome learned perfons 
 of the French Nation, by Sir William Petty. 
 Phil Tranf N. 185. 
 
 Foundation of the Hofpicallers and Order of 
 St. John of ferufalem. Fol. 
 r. Woodward’s Account of Roman Urns, 
 
 Dand other Antiquities, dug up near Bifhopf- 
 gate, London; w'ith Refledions upon the 
 ancient and prefent State of London. An- 
 nex’d to Leland’s Itinerary, by Mr. Hearne, 
 Vol VIII. 
 
 'VbQ Kings, Queens, and Nobility buried in Weft- 
 minfter-Abbey, 1603. by Mr. Camden. 
 
 [m] The 
 
Books and Treatises 
 
 ■ The fame enlarged by Hen. Keepe. 8vo. 
 Defcriptio Plantarum m jEWceff Hampftedi, perT'ho. 
 ^obnjon^ in iimo. 16^-i. 
 
 Defcription of the Town of Tottenham High- 
 CroISj by William Bedwell. 1^31. 4to. 
 
 M 0 N M 0 V 1 ' H S H I R E. 
 
 L Amentable News from Monmouthjhire, of 
 the lofs of twenty-fix Parifhes, in a great 
 Hood, which happen’d 1607. Pub- 
 
 lifh’d the fame year. 
 
 The manner of the Wire-Wbrh at Tinton in 
 Monmouthfhirc. Ray, Englifh-words, pag. 
 194. 
 
 NORFOLK. 
 
 I Cent. By Sir Henry Spelman. Now pub- 
 lifhed among his Poflhumous Works. Fol. 
 Many things relating to this County, in Sir 
 William Dugdale’s Hiftory of Imbanking. 
 
 With the Hiftory of the Norfolk-Rebels, by 
 Alexander Nevil, a Kentilh-man, is publifli’d 
 his Hiftory of Norwchy and a Catalogue of 
 the Mayors. Pubiifh’d 1575. 
 
 Norfolk’s Furies^ or a View of Ketds Camp, 
 with a table of the Mayors and Sheriffs of 
 Norwich, &c. done out of Latin into Englifh, 
 by R. W. 1 5 1 5 . 
 
 Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Nor- 
 wich j by Sir "I’homas Brovmi M. D. and con- 
 tinu’d to 1712. 
 
 Nafhe’s Lent-Stuf, containing an account of the 
 ■ growth of Great Tarmoutb., with a Play in 
 praife of Red-herring. Pubiifh’d 155?^. 
 
 A defcription of the town of Great-Tarmuth ; 
 W'ich a Survey of Little-Tarmouth incorporated 
 with the Great, &c. in a fheet. 
 
 Of the lamentable Burning of Eaft-Derham in 
 Norfolk, ^uly i. 1581. In verfe. Black Let- 
 ter, 1582. 
 
 A relation of the damages done by a tempeft 
 and overflowing of the Tyde, upon the 
 co.ifts of Norfolk and Limolnfiyire. 
 
 The Weftprofpeft of Linn-Regis, a fheet. 
 Um-burial, or a dilcourfe of the Sepulchal Urns 
 lately found in Norfolk, by Sir Thomas Brown. 
 i66y, and 1712. 
 
 Mercurius Centralis, or, a Difcourfe of Subter- 
 raneal Cockle, Mufcle, and Oyfter-fheils, 
 found in digging of a Well at Sir William 
 Doylie’sin Norfolk, hyTho. Lawrence, A. M. 
 in a Letter to Sir Tho. Browne. i66a^. 
 
 Of a great number of Urns, dug up at North- 
 Elmham. By Peter le Neve, Elqj Norroy, 
 F. R. S. Phil. Tranf. N. 337. who hath alfo 
 made large Colleiftions tow.nrds a Defcription 
 and Hiftory of Norfolk. 
 
 Ancient Funeral Monuments within theDiocefe 
 of Norwich, collcfted by IVeasuer. 
 
 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 
 
 N Atural Hiftory and Antiquities of Nor- 
 thamptonfliire, by John Morton, F. R. S. 
 1712. Fol. 
 
 Hiftory of the Cathedral. Church of Peterburrow, 
 by Simon Gunter, Prebendary. Publifti’d with 
 a large Appendix, by Simon Patrick D. D. 
 then Dean of this Church, and late Bifhop of 
 Ely. Fol. 1685. 
 
 The FaU and Funeral of Northampton, in an Ele- 
 gy; firft publilh’d in Latin, fince made En- 
 glifli with fome variations and additions, and 
 pubiifh’d An. 1577. 
 
 The ftate of Northampton from the beginning of 
 the Fire Sept. ao. 1575. to Nov. 5. in a 
 Letter to a Friend, 
 
 Names of the Hides in Northamptonfhire, by 
 Francis Tate. MS. (Wood’s Athena, Vol. i. 
 P- 345 > ) 
 
 A Survey of this County is faid to have been in- 
 tended by Mr. Augufiin Vincent. (Wood’s 
 Athena, Vol. i. p. 349.) 
 
 A relation of two confiderable Hurricanes in 
 Northamptonfhire. Phil. Tranft N. 71. See 
 alfo N. 212. 
 
 A Letter from Dr. IVaOis concerning an Infcrip- 
 tion on an ancient Mantle-tree at Helmdon, 
 proving the early ufe of Numeral Figures in 
 England. Phil. Tranf. N. 154. 
 
 A Letter from Mr. Morton, containing a Rela- 
 tion of River and ocher Shells, dug up in 
 a bituminous marfhy Earth, near Mears- 
 Afhby : With fome reflexions thereupon. 
 Phil. Tranf. N. 305. 
 
 An Account of the Tiber a Terra, or Truffles, 
 found at Ruflicon. Phil. Tranf N. 202. 
 
 Dr. Keil, of the death and difl’eXion of John 
 Bailes of Northampton, aged 130 years. 
 Phil. Tranf N. 305. 
 
 NO R Thu ME ERL AND. 
 
 A Chorographical Survey of New'caftle' up- 
 on Tine, by Mr. Grey, An. 16^9. 
 England’s Grievances in relation to the Cole- 
 trade, with a Map of the river of Tine, and 
 the fituation of the town and corporation of 
 New-caftle. 
 
 A Survey of the river Tine, grav’d by Mr. Fa- 
 tlsorne. 
 
 Defcription of Berwick, and fome other places 
 of note in this County, MS. in the Library 
 at Now'ard. 
 
 The Antiquities of the ancient Kingdom of 
 Northumberland ; compiled by the Rught Re- 
 verend Father in God Dr. William Nicolfon, 
 Bifhop of Carlifle, and now of Derry j but ftill 
 remaining in Manufeript, in the Library of the 
 De.an and Chapter of Carlifle, with this Title 
 NopSanhymbpapic, or, a defcription of the 
 ancient Kingdom of Northumberland. The 
 work confifts of eight parts ; whereof he ftiles 
 the 
 
 I. Northanhymbria ; or, an Account of the 
 Bounds, and natural Hiftory of the Coun- 
 try. 
 
 II. Northanhymbri ; the Original, Language, 
 Manners, and Government of the People. 
 
 III. Annales : the Succeflion and Hiftory of the 
 feveral Dukes, Kings, and -Earls; from the 
 firft inftitution of the Government, down to 
 the Conqueft. 
 
 IV. Ecclejiafiica : Religious Rites obferved by 
 the Pagan Inhabitants before the eftablifh- 
 ment ot Chriftianity; together with the ftate 
 of the Church, and the fucceffion of Bifhops 
 in it, afterwards, ^ 
 
 V. Liter a & Literati: the ftate of Learning; 
 
 with a Catalogue of the Writers. * 
 
 VI. Vidare: the Cities, Towns, Villages, and 
 other places of note; in an Alphabetical Ca- 
 talogue. 
 
 VII. M.onumenta Danica : Daiiifli Remains ; in 
 the Language, Temples, Courts of Judica- 
 ture, Runic Infcriptions, &c. 
 
 To the whole was to be prefix’d a Prefatory Dif- 
 courfe of the condition that thefe parts of the 
 Ifle w'ere in, upon ( and fome time before ) 
 
 the 
 
relating to the Antit^uities ^TEngland. 
 
 the coming in of the Saxons : wherein notice 
 was to be taken of many pieces of Britifli and 
 Roman Antiquities never yet obferved. 
 
 Border-Laws. By William Lord BiOiop of Car- 
 lifle, now of Derry in Ireland. 8vo. 1705. 
 
 Large Colledions have been made by Sir Kohen 
 SbaftOy relating to the Antiquities of the 
 County of Nortbumhrland. 
 
 Mr. Clavering of CaUaly, a very knowing Anti- 
 quary, has alfo done great fcrvice to his na- 
 tive Country in this way. 
 
 An Account of two Roman Altars found in 
 Northumberland. By Mr. Ralph Thoreshy. 
 Phil. Tranf. N. 231. 
 
 Part of fome Letters from Mr. Omfiopher Humeri 
 concerning feveral inferiptions and Antiquities 
 found in Northumberland. Phil. Tranf. 
 N. 278. 
 
 Dr. Hodgfon’s Obfervations of a Subterraneal 
 Fire, in a Coal-Mine, near Newcaftle. Phil. 
 Tranf. N. 130. 
 
 Dr. Charlett, concerning a Colliery that took 
 Fire, and was blown up. Phil. Tranf. N. 3 18. 
 
 Dr. Todd, of the Antiquities found at Cor- 
 bridge. Phil. Tranf. N. 3 30. 
 
 noTt^inghamshire. 
 
 T H E Antiquities of the County of Not- 
 tingbanti by Dr. Robert Tborotony M. D. 
 1577. Fol. 
 
 Hiftory of the Collegiate Church of Southwell. 
 By Sir William Dugdale. At the end of his 
 Hiftory of Sr. Paul’s. iyi 6 . 
 
 OXFORDSHIRE. 
 
 N Atural Hiftory of Oxfordlhire, by Dr. Ro- 
 bert Plot : Folio. 
 
 Hiftory and Antiquities of the Univerfity of 
 Oxford; by Anthony a Wood. Fol. 
 
 Twine’s Vindication of the Antiquity of the 
 Univerfity of Oxford. 
 
 Dr. Ayloffe’s ancient and prefent ftate of the 
 Univerfity of Oxford, two Vol. 8vo. 
 
 Survey of PFoodfiocky by Mr. Widows (Athen. 
 Oxon. vol. 2. p. 1 19.) 
 
 Parochial Antiquities : or, the Hiftory of Am- 
 brofderiy Burcejlery and other adjacent Towns 
 and Villages in the North-eaft parts of the 
 County of Oxford j delivering the general 
 Remains of the Britijhy Romany and Saxon 
 Ages ; and a more particular account of Eng- 
 lifli Memoirs, reduc’d into Annals, from 
 1 William the Conqueror to i Edward the 
 fourth, with feveral Sculptures of ancient 
 and modern Curiofities, 4to. By the Reve- 
 rend White Kennety D. D. now Bifhop of 
 Peterborough. 
 
 An Account of Antiquities in and near Oxford. 
 
 Hearn’s Leland, Vol. II. V. VIII. 
 
 Of the Earthquake at Oxford, and parts adja- 
 cent (1683.) Phil. Tranf. N. 15 1. 
 
 Hiftory of Alchefter. Append, to Bp. KenneH 
 Parochial Antiquities. 
 
 Difeourfes concerning the RomanPavement found 
 at Stunsfield near Woodftock, Ann. 1713. 
 
 RVrLANDSHlRE. 
 
 A Ntiquities of Rutlandjhirey byMr.Wrighti 
 Folio, 1687. 
 
 SHROPSHIRE. 
 
 N Account of the making Pitch, Tar, ^ 
 and Oil, out of a blackifh ftone in 
 Shroplhire, communicated by Mr. Martin Ele, 
 the Inventor. Phil. Tranf. N. 228. 
 
 A defeription of a Roman Stidatory, or Hypo- 
 cauflum, found at Wroxeter in Shropfhire. By 
 yir.Jobn Lifler. Phil.Traiif. N. 30CJ. 
 
 A Letter from Dr. fobn Harwood concerning the 
 fore-mentioned Hypocaujium : with part of 
 two Letters from Mr. William Baxter to Dr. 
 Harwood, relating to Wroxeter, and the Hypo- 
 catifia of the Ancients. Phil. Tranf. N. ^06. 
 Natural Obfervatioi;s made in rheParifhes of 
 Kinardley and Donington, by Mr. George 
 Plaxton. Phil. Tranf N. 310. x 
 An Account of the Eruption of)a Burning 
 Spring at Brofeley. Phil. Tranf N. 3 34. 
 
 SO MERSEFSHJRE. 
 
 ’I * H E ancient Laws, Cuftoms, and Orders 
 of the Miners in the King’s Foreft of 
 Mendipp, in the County of Somerfet. Loud. 
 1687. i2mo. 
 
 Propofals for a Natural Hiftory of Somerfetflme, 
 have been formerly publiftj’d by Mr. fohn 
 Beaumont. 
 
 A Letter from Mr. Beaumont, giving an account 
 of Ookey-hole and other fubterraneous Grotto’s 
 in Mendip-hills. Phil. Tranf N. 2. 
 
 Ookey-hiU (XdcrWf dy An. 1532. 
 
 Dr. Turner, de T'hermis Bathcmenjibus, 1^62. 
 Fol. 
 
 Mr. Beaumont of Rock-Plants, their figure, and, 
 growth. Phil. Tranf N. 1 2p. 150. 
 
 T‘herma Rediviva, byMr. John Chapman, 1573. 
 with an Appendix of Coriats Rhimes of the 
 Antiquities of the Bath, 
 
 Dr. Glanvil of the Bath-Springs. Phil. Tranf 
 N. 4 p. _ 
 
 yolmfony in his Meratrius Britaunkus, hath given 
 an account of the Antiquities of the Bath, 
 with a ground-plot of the City. 
 
 A Difeourfe of the feveral Bathes and hot- 
 waters at the Bothy with the Lives and Cha- 
 raliers of the Phyficiaiis that have lived and 
 practis’d there. Together with an Enquiry 
 into the Nature ol S. Vincent’s Rock near. 
 Briftol, and that of Cajlle-Cary ; by Dr. 
 'Thomas Guidot. 
 
 Enlarg’d by the fame hand, with the ad- 
 dition of feveral Antiquities. i 6 pi. 
 
 Inferiptions taken at the Bath,, by Dr. Lifler. 
 Phil. Tranf N. 155. 
 
 Obfervations on the Bath-waters, by B. Allen, 
 in his natural Hiftory of the Chalybeat an 4 
 Purging Waters. 
 
 Dr. Oliver’s Practical Difeourfe on Bath-Waters. 
 8vo. 1707. 
 
 The Antiquities of the City of Bath, collefted 
 in Latin by Dr. Guidot. MS. 
 
 Belga : A defeription of the ancient Places, &c. 
 in Semerfetjhire and Wiltfbire. By Dr. Muf- 
 grave. 
 
 A Letter from Dr. Mufgrave, concerning a 
 piece of Antiquity lately found at Athelney. 
 Phil. Tranf N. 247, 
 
 A Letter from Dr. Hickes concerning the faid 
 Antiquity. Phil. Tranf N. 443. 
 
 An Account of digging and preparing tfte Lapis 
 
 \CalaminariSy near Wtington, by Dr. Pooley. 
 Phil. Tranf N. ip^- 
 
 Julii 
 
Books and Treatises 
 
 Julii Vitalis Epitaphium, cum mtis Crhicis, Ex 
 plicationetiuey C. Hettcici Dodwelli^ & Commen- 
 tario Guil. Mufgrcrve. S-uo, lyil. 
 
 Promifcuous Obfemtions in this County, by 
 Dr. Beale. Phil. Tranf. N. i8. 
 
 Captain Sturmy’s Obferrations in Hong-road 
 near Briftol. Phil. T ranf. N. 41 . 
 
 A brief account of a Salt-fpring at Eaft-Chenock. 
 Phil. Tranf. N. $6. 
 
 Dr. Beale, of damage done by a Froil near 
 Briftol, Phil. Tranf N. 9. 
 
 STAFFORDSHIRE. 
 
 N Atural Hiftory of Staffer JJhire, by Dr. 
 
 {lert Plot. Fol. i 68 < 5 . 
 
 A Survey of Staffordjhire, by Mr. Erdfmck, 8vo. 
 1717 " 
 
 Some account of the Cathedral Church of 
 8vo. 1717. 
 
 Dr. Lifter’s Obfervations of the midland Salt- 
 Springs in Staftbrdfhire. Phil. Tranf. N. 
 
 i$6. 
 
 Mr. Bellers, of the fcattered Strata, of Earth, 
 Stone, Coal, &c. at Dudley. Phil. Tranf. 
 N.33b. 
 
 SU F FO L K. 
 
 C OUeftions towards the Hiftory of St. Ed- 
 mondsbury. By Dr. John Battely, late 
 Archdeacon of Canterbury. MS. 
 
 A relation of a Sand-flood, which over-whelm’d 
 a great traft of Land, in and near Downham 
 in theCounty of Suffolk; byThomas Wright. 
 Efqj. Phih^Tranf. N. 17. 
 
 An Account of forae Saxon Coins found at 
 Honedm, communicated by Sir P. S. w ith Re- 
 marks thereon, by Mr. W. W. Phil. Tranf. 
 N. iSs*- 
 
 A further Account of the forefaid Coins, by 
 Mr. Samuel Dale. Phil. Tranf N. 203. 
 
 A Letter concerning fome Antiquities found at 
 Kirkby-Thore, from Mr. Machel. Phil. 
 Tranf N. 158. 
 
 IV I L TSHIRE. 
 
 S 'l’me-henge rejiord ; written by Sir Inigo yones, 
 andpublifh’d by Mr. JVebb, 16$$. 
 
 Anfwer to Sir Inigo Jones, by Dr. Charleton. 
 Vindication Sir Inigo Jones, by his Son in Law 
 Mr. IVebb, Architedt to King Charles the firft. 
 Publifh’d 166^. 
 
 Mr. Sammes, of Stone-henge ; a feparate Dif- 
 courfe,; in his Britannia. 
 
 A fhort Treatife upon the fame Sub/ed was 
 written by Mr. John Gibbons. MS. 
 Wilton-garden deferib’d, in twenty two Copper 
 Cuts in Folio. At that time, it had the re- 
 putation of one of the fineft gardens in Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 The Reverend Dr. T'anner, Chancellor of the 
 Diocefe of Norwich, hath made large 
 Colledlions, in order to the Antiquities of 
 this County, and is ready to communicate 
 them to any Perfon who fhali undertake that 
 Work ; fincehe cannot hope to finffh it him- 
 felf, at fo great a diftance, as is the placp to 
 which Providence hath removed him. 
 
 Mr. Aubrey’s Introduaion towards a Natural 
 Hiftory of Wiltfiire. 8vo. 
 
 Part of a Letter from Mr. Clark, concerning 
 feveral Roman Antiquities found near the 
 Devizes. Phil. Tranf N. 268. 
 
 S V R R E r. 
 
 A Ntiquitics of Surrey. By Mr. Arohrey; 
 In three Volumes. 
 
 SUSSEX. 
 
 T H E manner of working the Iron, at the 
 Forge, or Hammer. R^zj-’s Local Words. 
 Phil. Tranf N. i8p. 
 
 WARWICKSHIRE. 
 
 ^ H E Antiquities of Warwickjhire, by Sir 
 X. WiUiam Dugdale, idjd. 
 
 Of the Spaw-water at Ilmington. By Sam. 
 Derham, 8vo. 1685. 
 
 WESTMO RLAND. 
 
 T H E Antiquities of Weflmorland, collefted 
 Mr. Thomas Machel, late of Kirkby-Thore, 
 in the fame County, MS. ’ 
 
 This County, as to Pedigrees and the Inter- 
 marriages of greater Families, has been well 
 confider’d and illuftrated, by Sir Daniel Fle- 
 ming, w ho was a great Encourager and Pro- 
 moter of Antiquities. MS. 
 
 W 0 RC E S'f E R S H I R E. 
 
 W Orcefter’s Eulogie; or, a grateful ac- 
 knowledgment of her Benefafiors, bv 
 T. Mafter ot Arts, a Poem, 1538. ' 
 
 A large defeription of mrceflerjhire, MS. in the 
 hands of the Family of Abingdon in this Coun- 
 ty, and written by their Anceftor, an able 
 and induftrious Antiquary. 
 
 Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Wot- 
 cefter. 8vo. 1717. 
 
 Mr. Pitts, concerning the Sorbus Pyriformi, 
 growing m this County. Phil. Trs,nf. N 1 3 g’ 
 An Account of the Salt-waters of Droytwich in 
 Worcefterihire, by Dr. Tbomas RafleB Phil 
 Tranf N. 142. 
 
 Obfervations on the Salt-pits at Droytwich bv 
 Dr, Lifter. Phil. Tranf. N. ^ ^ 
 
 TORKSHIRE, and RICHMONDSHIRE. 
 
 H lftoriral Account of the Cathedral of York 
 by Sir William Dugdale, at the enH 
 his Hiftory ofSt. Paul’s. 
 
 ^Catalogue of all the Bailiffs, Mayors, and 
 Sheriffs of the City of Tork, from tL time of 
 Edward the firft, to the ve-?r k /C, . 
 
 ftopher Hildyard, Recorder of Heddon,^id 7 y' 
 Since which, a new Edition hath been pub-' 
 hilled (Ann. lyij.) under the title of 
 Amt^umes of jorkaty, with additions from 
 Papers ot Mr. Torr , the otigIS 
 MSS. of which Papers were given by Arch- 
 biftop Sharp to the Library^f thiJcathe- 
 
 the Family of Fairfax 
 
 Hiftory 
 
relating to the Anticpities ef E n gland. 
 
 Hiftory of the Collegiate Church of Rippon. By 
 Sir William Dugdale ; at the end of his Hi- 
 ftory of St. Paul’s. 17 15. 
 
 and of Beverly, ibid. 
 
 Dr. Jonfton of Pontefraft made large colleftions 
 in order to the Antiquities of this whole 
 County j which he left behind him, in Ma- 
 
 nufcript. r. n c 
 
 The Englilh Spaw'-Fountain the Foreft of 
 Knaresborough, by Edw^Dean, M. D. 1626. 
 
 Another Book upon the fame Subjeft, by Mich . 
 Stanhop, 163 2. 
 
 Hifloryof Hull, by Mr. Abraham de la Pryme. 
 
 MS. . . . ^ 1 
 
 An Account of Roman Antiquities at lork , 
 moftly from Mr. Phil.Tranf.N. 14J, 
 
 14P, 171, 234, 244, 296^ 303, 30J. 
 
 Colledlions of Mr. ^ames 'lorry relating to the 
 Hiftory and Conftitution of the Diocefe ot 
 York, according to the feveral Archdeacon- 
 ries. MS. Folio, Vol. V. Now in the Li- 
 brary of the Cathedral there. 
 
 A Letter concerning fome very aged perfons in 
 Craven, CTc. by Dr. Lyder. Phil. Tranf. 
 N. ido. 
 
 A Letter giving an Account of one Henry Jen- 
 kins of Bolton, who attain’d to the age of 
 1O9 years. Phil.Tranf. N. 221, 228. 
 
 A Note communicated by Mr. Hilly confirming 
 the Age of Henry Jenkins. Phil. Y rani. 
 N. 228. 
 
 A Letter from Mr. Ralph Thoresby, giving an 
 Account of a Roman Pottery near Leeds m 
 Yorklhire. Phil.Tranf. N. 222. 
 
 Part of a Letter from Dr. Richardfon, contain- 
 ing a relation of Subterraneous Trees, dug up 
 at Toule in Yorkfhire. Phil.Tr.anf. N. 228. 
 
 Two Letters from Mr. I'horesbyy concerning fome 
 Roman Antiquities found in Yorkfhire. 
 Phil. Tranf. N. 234, 244. 
 
 Part of a Letter from Mr. Abraham de la Pryme, 
 concerning Trees found under-ground in Hat- 
 field-Chace. Phil. Tranf. N. 275, 277. 
 
 A Letter from Mr. Thoresby concerning the 
 Vefiigia of a Roman Town lately difcovered 
 near Leeds in Yorkfhire. Phil. Tranf. 
 N. 282, 320. 
 
 An Account of fome Roman Coins, found at 
 Clifton near Edlington. Phil. T ranf. N. 3 03 . 
 
 Of Roman Coins, and other Antiquities, found 
 nearCookridgeand Adle. Phil.l'ranf.N. 315, 
 319, 320. 
 
 Of antique brafsinftruments, found near Bram- 
 ham-moor, with Mr. Hearn’s Difiertation. 
 Phil. Tranf. N. 322. 
 
 Dr. Richardfon’s Obfervations in Natur.al Hi- 
 ftory at North-Bierly. Phil. Tranf N. 337. 
 
 Dr. Lifter, of Roman Plafticks. Phil. Coll, 
 N. 4. 
 
 Mr. Brookesby, of the Ifland funk in Humber. 
 Hearn’s Leland, Vol. IX. p. 194. 
 
 ThaTorkJhire-Spa'W'y or a Treatife of four fa- 
 mous Medicinal Wells near Knaresboroughy by 
 JohnFrenchy M. D. 1^52. lamo. 
 
 Spadacrena Anglkay 16263 4to. and 1554, 8vo. 
 printed at Tork. 
 
 ScarberoughS^eiSN ; or a Defcription of the Na- 
 ture and Vertues, by Robert JVittie, M. D. 
 8vo. i66y. 
 
 Hydrologia Chymica, or, Chymical Anatomy of 
 Scarborough &nd othei'S^SL-ws in Torkfhire, with 
 aiiimadverfions on Dr. Witties book i alfo the 
 defcription of the Spaws at Mahon and Knares- 
 borougby by William Simpfony M. D. 8vo. 
 1669. 
 
 Pyrologia Mimicay &c. in defence of Scarborough 
 Spaw, by Dr. Wittie, 1669. 8vo. 
 
 Scarborough Spaw Spagyrically anatomiz’d, by 
 Geo.TonJiaUy M. D. 1670. 8vo. 
 
 Hydrological EJJaysy &c. being a further difco- 
 very of the Scarborough Spaw, and of the 
 Sweet Spaw and Sulphur-well sx Knaresborough, 
 and of the Allom-works at Whitby, by Dr. 
 Simpfoti, 8vo. i6jo. 
 
 Dr. Withers Anfwer to Dr. Fonfial, rekting to 
 the Scarborough Spaw, id72. 8vo, 
 
 Dr. Reply, 1572. 8vo. 
 
 A difcourfe of the Sulphur-Bath at Knaresborough 
 in Yorkfliire, by William Simpfon, M. D. 8vo. 
 i6jp. (This is annex’d to his Philofophical 
 Difcourie of Fermentation.) 
 
 The Hiftory of Scarborough Spaw, or further 
 difcovery of the Vertues, by Dr. Simpfon, 
 1^79. i2mo. 
 
 Mr. Ray of the procefs of making Allom at 
 Whitby. (North-Country words, p. 201.) 
 8vo. 
 
 A Yorkfhire Dialogue in pure Natural Dialed. 
 1683. 
 
 Ducatus Leodienjisy or the Topography of the^ 
 ancient and populous I’own and Parifh of 
 Leeds, and parts adjacent, in the Wefi-Riding of 
 the County of with Pedigrees of many of 
 the Nobility and Gentry, &c. By R.^horesby, 
 F. R. S. To v/hich is added, the Catalogue 
 of his Mufteum, with Curiofities natural and 
 artificial, and with the Antiquities, Coyns, 
 and Manufcripts, ancient and modern. Folio. 
 1715. 
 
 Vicnria Leodienjis i containing the Hiftory of the 
 Church, the Memoirs of the Vicars from the 
 year 1 242 to the prefent, the Catalogue of 
 their learned Works, both printed and Ma- 
 nufcriptj together witli the Lives of fome 
 Archbifhops, Bifhops, and others who have 
 been Benefaftors thereto, being a Specimen 
 of the Hiftorical partpromifed in the DucatUs 
 Leodienjis. M._S. 8vo. 
 
 WALES. 
 
 G Iraldus Cambrenfis’s Itinerary of Wales. 
 8vo. 1J85. 
 
 A Manufcript oi David Morganius, mentioned by 
 Voflius. 
 
 Sir John Pricers Defcription of Wales, perfeded 
 by Humph. Lhwyd, and prefix’d to his Tran- 
 ftation.of the Welfh Hiftory. Ann. 1584. 
 Hiftory of the ancient and modern State of the 
 Principality of Wales, by Sir John Doderidge. 
 4to. 1630. 
 
 Survey and Hiftory of the four Cathedral 
 Churches of Wales. 'Qy Brovsne Willis, Efq;. 
 Mona Antiqua rejiaurata. By Mr. Henry Row- 
 land. MS. 
 
 Arcbaologia Britannica ; concerning the Lan- 
 guages, Hiftories and Cuftoms of the Ori- 
 ginal Inhabitants of Great-Britain, by Edw. 
 Lhwyd, M. A. one Vol. Folio. 1717. 
 
 An Account of the fmelting and refining of 
 Silver, at the Silver-mills in Cardiganfhire, is 
 added to Mr. Ray^ North-Country words, 
 p. 174. 
 
 Strange Phjenomena, and effects, in a Coal- 
 Mine in Phil.Tranf.N. 13 < 5 . 
 
 A fort of Paper made of Linum *Asbefiinum 
 found in Anglefey. Phil. Tranf. N. 166. 
 
 Mr. L/juiyd of Locufts lately obferved in Wales ; 
 and of a fiery exhalation or damp, which burnt 
 feveral Hay-ricks. Phil. Tranf. N. 208 and 
 213. in Merionithjhire. 
 
 Mr. Aubrey of a medicinal Spring in Glamorgan- 
 (hire. Phil.Tranf, N. 233. 
 
 [ n ] Mr. 
 
Books and T R e A t i s e s 
 
 Mr i/W of a fort of Coral. Phil. Tranf. His Obfervations in Natural Hiftory. Phil. 
 
 M / Tranf. N. 534. 
 
 J_Md of an ancient Mcription in And AStiqukies. Phil. Tranf, N. 3 3 5 «nd337- 
 
 Phil. Tranf. N. i6p. 
 
 TREATISES 
 
 Relating to 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 Chiefly from Sir Robert Sibalds’s Mate- 
 rials for the Scotch-Atlas. 
 
 H EEiorBoethms Defcription of Scotland j 
 before his Hiftory. 
 
 Bifhop Lefly’s defcription of Scot- 
 land i before his Hiftory. 
 
 Gordon’s Defcription of Edinburgh. 
 
 The Peerage of Scotland. By George Cravfurd. 
 Folio. lyid. 
 
 Sir James Dalrymple’s Edition of Camden’s 
 Scotland. With large Additions. 
 
 'Theatrum Scotia, by Robert Gordon in Latin. 
 
 A defcription of Scotland and the Ifles adjacent, 
 by Petruccio TJbaldino : in Italian. 
 
 The like by Nicolas D’Arfeville. 
 
 King James the fifth’s Voyage round his King- 
 dom, with the Hebrides and Orcades : in 
 French. 
 
 Heroes Scoti, by yohn yonflon. 
 
 A Catalogue of the Scotch Nobility ; in Scorch. 
 Andrew Melvini Gatbelus. 
 
 Topographia Scoti * ; by the fame hand. 
 Antiquity of the Scotch Nation. By Robert 
 Mawle, MS, 
 
 Scotia iSuJirata. By Sir Robert Sibalds. 
 
 Tbeatrnm Scotia. In Bleau’s Atlas. 
 
 'Theatrum Scotia. By J. Slezer. 
 
 Defcription of Scotland, and of the Northern 
 and Wefterii Ifles. 
 
 Buchanan de Rebus Scoticis. 
 
 Vindication of Buchanan againft Mr. Camden. 
 By D. H. MS. 
 
 Vindication of Scotland againft Mr. Camden. 
 
 By W. Drummond of Hawthornden. MS. 
 Metals and Minerals in Scotland, by D. Borth- 
 'Uiick. 
 
 ■ ■ And by Mr. Atkinfon, MS. 
 
 An Account of Cathnefs, by Mr. William Dun- 
 dafs. 
 
 An Account of Sutherland, by the fame hand. 
 
 An Account of Hadington, delivered by the Ma- 
 giftrates of the place. 
 
 Defcription oi Aberdeen, 8vo. i6S$. 
 
 Mr. Martin’s Voyage to S. Hilda. 8vo. i6pS. 
 Colledions relating to St. Andrews, MS. 
 Defcription of the High-lands of Scotland, MS. 
 Barclay’s Treatife of Aberdeen-fpaw : (Vid. 
 
 Theatrum So)ti*j pag. 30.) 
 
 Large Colleftions towards a complete Geogra- 
 phical Defcription of Scotland, by Sir Robert 
 Sibalds. MS. 
 
 An Account of fome Infcriptions in Scotland. 
 By Mr. Edw. Lhwyd. Phil. Tranf. N. 
 
 IRELAND. 
 
relating to the Antiquities o/^Ireland. 
 
 IRELAND. 
 
 S \ IR James Wure^ Antiquities of Ire- 
 land. 
 
 I Giraldi Camhrenfis T’opographia Hihernix. 
 w Tho. Carvers Lyrat i. e. de Orighie, Mo- 
 ribuSy &c. Gentis HibernicXi tfc. /\to. 1666. 
 Richard Stanihurft^s Defcription of Ireland. In 
 Holingfhed’s fecond Volume. 
 
 A defcription of the County of Wefl-Meath, 
 MS. in the hands of Mr. Thoresby. 
 Catalogue of the Nobility of Ireland, from Geo. 
 Fitz-Girald, Earl of Kildare, to Roger Boyle, 
 Baron of Broghil, 1527. 4to. vith their 
 Arms and Crelts painted. MS. in the hands of 
 Mr. Thoresby. 
 
 R. 0 -Flaherty’s Ogygia, 1685. 
 
 Dr. Gerard Bates’s Natural Hiffory of Ireland, 
 i5J2. 
 
 Spencer’s View of the State of Ireland, pub- 
 lifli’d by Sir James Ware, i<533. 
 
 Sir William Petty’s Political Anatomy of Ire- 
 land, i6pi. 
 
 His Set of Maps, 1585. 
 
 -His Obfervations on the Bills of Mor- 
 tality, 1 58 1. 
 
 Of the Bogs and Loughs of Ireland, by WiJHam 
 King- Phil. Tranf, N. 170. 
 
 Sir Richard Bulkley, of the Improvement to be 
 made by the Cultivation of Maize in Ireland. 
 Phil. Tranf. N. 205. 
 
 Number of Houfes and Hearths in Dublin j 
 and of Seafaring men \ and of People in the 
 feveral Counties ; and of Romiflh Clergy. 
 Ann. 1 598. Phil. Tranf N. 25 i. 
 
 Mr. Lhwyd of the Natural Hiftory and Anti- 
 quities of Ireland. Phil. Tranf. N. 335, 
 335. 
 
 A Letter concerning Lough-Neah, and its petri- 
 fying quality, from Dr. Molyneux. Phil. 
 Tranf. N. 158. 
 
 A Retractation concerning Lough-Neah-fione, and 
 its non-application to the Magnet, upon Cal- 
 cination, by Dr. Molyneux. Phil. Tranf. 
 N. 1 55. 
 
 An Anfwer to fome Queries, concerning Lough- 
 Neah, by Mr. Edward Smith. Phil. Tranf 
 N. 174. 
 
 Francis Nevile’s Obfervations upon Lough Neah. 
 Phil. Tranf N. 137. 
 
 Sir Robert Redding of Pearl-Filhing in the 
 North- of Ireland. Phil, Tranf N. 198. 
 
 A Letter from Sir R. B. concerning the Giants 
 Caufway in the County of Antrim. Phil. 
 Tranf N. ipp. 
 
 An Account of the Giants Caufway, by Dr. Fuhyj 
 and Dr. Molyneux. Phil. Tranf. N. 212, 
 241. 
 
 A correct Draught of the Giants Caufway, with 
 an Explication of the fame, by W. Molyneux, 
 Efq;. Phil. Tranf N. 235. 
 
 A Letter from Dr. Molyneux to^Dr. Lifter, con- 
 taining fome additional Obfervations on the 
 Giants Caufway. Phil. Tranf N. 241. 
 
 A difeourfe concerning the large Horns frequent- 
 ly found under-ground in Ireland, by Dr. 
 Molyneux. Phil. Tranf N. 227. 
 
 Of a moving Bog, and an Account of the Mo- 
 tion. Phil. Tranf N. 233. 
 
 Part of a Letter by Mr. James Frazier, concern- 
 ing the Lake Nefs, &c. Phil. Tranf N. 
 254. 
 
 An Account of fome Infcriptions in Ireland, 
 •by Mr. Edw. Lluyd. Phil. Tranf N. z5p.; 
 
 Of the Pewter-money coined by King James 
 the fecond. Phil. Tranf N. 297. 
 
 An Account of the manner of Manuring Lands, 
 by Sea-fhells, as practis’d in the Counties of 
 London-derry and Donegal. By his Grace the 
 Lord Archbifhop of Dublin. Phil. Tranf. 
 N.314. _ . , . 
 
 Dr. St. George, Bifhop of Clogher s. Account 
 of an extraordinary' Meteor, or Dew, refem- 
 bling Butter, that fell in the Province of 
 Munfter and Leinfter. Phil. Tranf N. 220. 
 
 Dr Alh, Bifliop of Cloyne, of the virtues of an 
 Irifh Plant, Mackenboy, and of a quarry of 
 white Marble in Antrim. Phil. Tranf 
 N. 243. 
 
 Francis Nevile, of Urns and Sepulchral Monu- 
 ments. Phil. Tranf N. 137. 
 
 His difeovery of a Quarry of Marble in the 
 County of Fermanagh, ibid. 
 
 Bifhop of Clogher’s Account of the finking 
 down of part of a Hill, near Clogher. Phil. 
 Tranf N. 137. 
 
 ISLANDS. 
 
Books and T reatises, 
 
 ISLANDS. 
 
 Defcription of the Ifle of Man, in 
 Dan. King’s Antiquities of Che- 
 fhire. 
 
 Defcription of the fame, by James 
 Chaloner, 1653. Folio. 
 
 An accurate Defcription of the fame Ifland, 
 MS. 
 
 Sam. Stanley’s Defcription of the IJle of Man. 
 
 MS. in the hands of Mr. Thoresby, 
 
 Profpefts in the IJle of Man, MS. in the hands 
 of Mr. Thoresby. 
 
 An Account of Rona and Hina. By Sir George 
 Mackenzy. 
 
 Defcription of the Sea-coaft and Ifles of Scot- 
 land. By Mr. Adair. 
 
 A Defcription of Thule, by Sir Robert Sibalds. 
 A Defcription of the Orcades, by Mr. Wallace. 
 8vo. 1700. 
 
 I I With an Eifay concerning the Thule of the 
 Ancients. 
 
 An Account of the Orcades, by Matthew Mac- 
 kaile. 
 
 A Defcription of the Weflern Ifles, by Donald 
 Monroe, Dean of the Ifles. 
 
 Several Obfervations upon the Norrh-Iflands of 
 Scotland, communicated by Mr. Martin. 
 Phil. Tranf N. 233. 
 
 A Difcovery of the Tides in thefe Iflands. By 
 the fame Hand. 
 
 Defcription of Hethland and of the Fifhery there ; 
 by Jo. Smith. 
 
 A Table of Hethland, with a defcription of it. 
 
 Obfervations upon the ./Ehuda. 
 
 An accurate Defcription of Jerfey, by Mr. Fall, 
 4to. 
 
 5 Befides thefe, there are ^reat Numbers of Lieger-Books, Charters, Regifters, &c. relating to the 
 Religious Houfes, preferv d in the Libraries of Sir Thomas Bodley, John Cotton, <&c. and in 
 the hands of feveral private Gentlemen : a Catalopie of vihich, luith the Proprietors of them, is given by 
 the Learned Dr. Tanner in his mojl ufeful and accurate vjork, entitled, Nolitia Monaflica. 
 

 ^Sq?i?qpqpqpqcqp^J?qpq?‘5P‘3PQPQP^^^SPqPQP^^WS^^*^^(^^^5W 
 
 ANTONINUS'S 
 
 ITINERARY 
 
 THROUGH 
 
 BRITAIN, 
 
 As it is compard by Mr. Burton with 
 the feveral Editions, 
 
 Iter Britanniarum : a Gefforiaco de GaUiis, Ritupis in 
 Tortu BTitannidfum, Stadia numero CCCCL. 
 
 I T E R I. 
 
 A Limite*, id eft, « Vallo, Prxtorium ttfque, M. P. CLVt. * la Yam, 
 
 r 
 
 Suritana. 
 
 Simleriam. 
 
 Ab Remaenio. 
 
 ABremenioCorftopilum; m. p. xx. 
 Vindomoram. m. p. ix. 
 
 Vinoviam. m. p. xix. 
 
 Bramenio Corflopium. 
 
 
 Vtmia. , 
 
 
 Cataradonem. m. p. xxii. 
 Ifurium. m. p. xxiv. 
 
 Ebur^^iJ. 
 
 Ekir 17- 
 
 Eboracum Leg. vi. Vidrix. m. p. xvii. 
 Derventionem. m. p.vii. 
 
 
 
 Delgovitiam. m. p. xiii« 
 Pr«torium. m. p. xxv. 
 
 
 
 ITER II. 
 
 
 
 Iter k Vallo ad 
 Portum Ritupas. 
 
 M. P. CCCCLXXXI. ficj 
 
 
 [o] 
 
 AhUt, 
 
Antoninus’s Itinerary through BRITAIN. 
 
 Aldina. 
 
 Editio. 
 
 —A.—,. 
 
 Suritana. 
 
 A Blato Bulgio Caftra Exploratorum. 
 
 Simkriana. 
 
 Ahlat. 
 
 LugU'vall, 
 
 m.p. XU. 
 
 Luguvallum. m. p. xii. 
 Voredam. ra. p. xiiii. 
 Brovonacim. m. p. xiii. 
 
 10, 0 1). 
 Lugu-valL 
 
 
 Verterim. m. p. * xiii, 
 Lavatrim. m. p. xiiii. 
 
 * al. 10. 
 
 * 16. 
 
 Cataraftoiiem. m. p. * xiii. 
 
 * 16. 
 
 Ifuriam, 
 Eburacum 18. 
 
 Ifurium. m. p. xxiiii. 
 
 Ifuriatn. 
 
 Eboracum. m. p. xvii. 
 
 Eburacum. 18. 
 
 Cacciria. 
 
 Calcariam. m. p. ix. 
 
 Cambodun. 
 
 Cambodun. 
 
 Camulodunum. m. p. xx. 
 
 Mamucium. m. p. xviii. 
 Condate. m. p. xviii. 
 
 Mammuc. & Manuc. 
 
 * Fid. 
 
 Devam. Leg. xx. * Vidrix. m. p. xx. 
 Bovium. m. p. x. 
 
 Mediolanum, m. p. xx. 
 
 Rutunium. m. p. xii. 
 
 * Leg. xxiit. ci. 
 
 VriOy Con. 
 
 Viroconium. m. p. xi. 
 Uxaconam. m. p. xi. 
 
 UriOy Con. 
 
 Permo^Cnic. 
 
 Pennocmcium. m. p. xii. 
 Etocetum. m. p. xii. 
 
 Penno-Cruc. 
 
 MandueiSed. *16. 
 
 ManduelTedum. m. p. *vi, f 
 Venonim. m. p. xii. 
 
 j id Mdndues-Sed. 
 
 Bennavenf. 16. 
 
 Bennavennam. m. p. xvii. 
 
 Bennavent, & Ban. 
 
 Laftodorum. ra. p. xii. 
 
 LaBorod. 
 
 
 Magiovintum. m. p. * xvii. 
 
 Magint. *11, 
 
 
 Durocobrivim. m. p. xii. 
 
 Duro-Cohr. 
 
 Vero-Lam. 
 
 Verolamium. m. p. xii. 
 
 Vero-Lam. 
 
 SuUonac. 
 
 Sulloniacim. m. p. xi. 
 
 SuUofnac. 
 
 
 Londinium. m, p. xii. 
 Noviomagum. ra. p. x. 
 Vagniacim. m. p. xviii. 
 
 Longidin. 
 
 Duroprovis.' 
 
 Durobrivim. m. p. ix. 
 
 Duro-brov. 
 
 * 16. 
 
 Durolevum. m. p. ^ xiii. 
 
 
 Duronjern. 
 
 Durovernum. m. p. xii. 
 
 Ad Fortum Ritupas. m. p. x. 
 
 
 
 ITER III. 
 
 
 XIIII. 
 
 t Dubobrus. 
 
 * Durarvenno, 15, 
 
 Iter a Londinio ad 
 Fortum Dubrim. 
 m. p. Ixvi. fie ; 
 t Durobrivim. m. p. xxvii. 
 
 * Durovernum. m. p. xxv. 
 
 Ad Fortum Dubris, m. p. xiv. 
 
 t Dti^obrus. 
 
 * Durarvetmo, ly. 
 
 ITER IV. 
 
 Iter a Londinio ad 
 Fortum Lemaiiis. 
 m.p. Ixnii. fic j 
 
 Durobriuim. m. p. xxvii. Durohnus. 
 
 Durarvemio. 15. Durovernum. m. p. xxv. Durarvemo. 15. 
 
 Ad Pontem Lemanis. p. xvi. ’ 
 
 LegwvalltQ, 
 
 iter V. 
 
 Iter a Londinio Iv. 
 
 Guvallum ad Vallum, 
 m. p. ccccxUii. fic 5 
 
 / 
 
 C*faro- 
 
Antoninus’s Itinerary through B R IT A IN. 
 
 Editio. 
 
 r 
 
 Aldina. 
 
 Suritana. 
 
 Simhriana, 
 
 
 
 Cafaromagum. m. p. xxviii. 
 
 
 
 
 Coloniam. m. p. xxiv. 
 
 Viliam Fauftini. m. p, xxxv. 
 
 sj. 
 
 
 
 Icianos, m. p. xviii. 
 Camboricum. m. p. xxxv. 
 Durolipontem. m. p. xxv. 
 Durobrivas. m. p. xxxv. 
 
 
 
 Caufennis. 
 
 Caufennim. m. p. xxx. 
 
 Gaufennis. 
 
 
 Lindum, m. p. xxvi. 
 Segelofim. m. p. xiv. 
 Danum. m. p. xxi. 
 
 Legeolio. 
 
 Legeolium. m. p. xvi. 
 
 Legeolio. 
 
 Ebur. 
 
 Eboracum. m. p. xxi. 
 
 Ebur. 
 
 
 Ifubrigantum. m.p. xvii, 
 Cataradonem. xxiv. 
 
 16. 
 
 Levat. 
 
 Lavatrim. m. p. xviii. 
 
 Levat. 
 
 14. 
 
 Verterim. m. p. xiii. 
 
 14. 
 
 Brocovo. 
 
 Brocavum. m. p.xx. 
 
 * Brocwo. 
 
 Lugwvalio. 
 
 Luguvallum. m. p. xxii. 
 
 LuguvaUo. 
 
 Verolam. 
 
 ITER VI. 
 
 Iter a Londinio 
 Lindum. m. p. clvi. fic j 
 Verolamum. m. p. xxi. 
 
 Verolami. 
 
 Durocobrius. 
 
 Durocobrium. m. p. xii. 
 
 Duro-Cobrim. 
 
 
 Magiovinium. m. p, xii, 
 Ladodorum. m. p. xvi. 
 Ifannavatia. m. p. xii. 
 
 Ijarmavantia. Ifamavaria. 
 
 Vermis. 
 
 Tripontium. m. p. xii. 
 Vennonim. m. p. ix. 
 
 Venom, 
 
 Ratos. 
 
 Ratis. m. p. 12. 
 
 Ratas. 
 
 12. 
 
 Verometum. m. p. xiii. 
 Margidunum. m. p. xiii. 
 
 Margindun. i 2. 
 
 Ad Pontum. 
 
 Ad Pontem. m. p. vii. 
 
 Croco-Cal. 
 
 Crococalanum. m. p. vii. 
 
 Crorolana. 
 
 
 Lindum. m. p. 12. 
 
 
 
 ITER VII. 
 
 Iter ^ Regno 
 Londinium. 
 
 
 GeHeu. 
 
 * CXV. 
 
 m. p. xcvi. fic j 
 Claufentum. m. p. xx. 
 Ventam Belgarum. m. p. x. 
 
 * cxvi. $6. 
 
 
 Callevam Atrebatum. m. p. xxii. 
 Pontes, m. p. xxii. 
 
 Londinium. m, p. xxii. 
 
 Gall. 
 
 ITER VIII. 
 
 Ehuraco, 
 
 Comalana. 
 
 * Deefi in Aid. Cod. 
 
 hac Manjio. 
 Vernametto. 
 
 } 
 
 Iter ab Eboraco 
 Londinium. 
 m. p. ccxxvii. fic ; 
 Lagecium. m. p. xxi. 
 Danum. m. p. xvi. 
 Agelocum. m. p. xxi. 
 Lindum. m. p. xiv, 
 Crococalanum. m. p. xiv, 
 
 * Margidunum. m. p. xiv, 
 
 Vernemetum. ra. p. xii. 
 Ratis. m. p. xii. 
 Vennonim. m. p. xii. 
 
 Ehr. 
 
 Bannavantum, 
 
Antoninus’s Itinerary through BRITAIN. 
 
 Editio. 
 
 Aldina. 
 
 Suritana. 
 
 Simleriana. 
 
 xix. 
 
 Magio. Vin. 
 
 Bannavantum. m. p. xviii. 
 Magiovinum. m. p. xxyiii. 
 Durocobrivim. m. p. xii. 
 Verolamum. m. p, xii, 
 Londinium. m. p. xxi.i 
 
 xix. 
 
 Magio^Vtn. 
 
 Durocobrim. 
 
 
 ITER IX. 
 
 
 * Icinorum. 
 
 xxxi. 
 
 Combret. 
 
 Camolodun. 
 
 Iter a Venta * Icenorum 
 Londinium. 
 m.p. cxxviiL ficj 
 Sitomagum, m. p. xxxii< 
 Cambretovium. m. p. xxii< 
 Ad Anfam. m. p. xv. 
 Camulodunum. m. p. vi. 
 Canonium. m. p. ix. 
 Csefaromagum. m. p. xii. 
 Durolitum. m. p. xvi. 
 Londinium. m. p. xv. 
 
 xxxi. 
 
 Comb. 
 
 Camolod. 
 
 
 I T E R X 
 
 
 * xviii. 
 * xix. 
 
 Iter a Glanoven- 
 ca Mediolanum, 
 cl. fic; 
 
 Galavam. m. p. xviii. 
 Alonem. m. p. xii. 
 
 Galacum. ni. p. xix. 
 Bremetonacim. m. p. xxvii, 
 Coccium. m. p. xx. 
 Mancunium. m. p. * xvii. 
 Condate. m. p. xviii. 
 Mediolanum, m. p. * xviii. 
 
 * xviii. 
 
 * xix. 
 
 ITER XI. 
 
 A S^ontio 
 Devam. m. p. 
 
 Ixxxiii. iic i 
 Conovio. m. p. xxiv, 
 
 Varis. m. p. xix. 
 
 Deva. m. p, xxxii. 
 
 ITER XII. 
 
 Viroconiorum. 
 
 Muridon, 
 
 Ifceleia Augujln. 
 
 Iter i t Mariduno 
 
 V iroconium. Z^ireconiorum, 
 
 m. p. clxxxvi. ficj 
 Mariduno. m. p, xxxvi. 
 
 Leucarum. m. p. xv. 
 
 * Nidum- m. p. xv. 
 
 * Bomium. m. p. xv. 
 
 !1 Ifcam Leg. ii. Aug. m. p. xxvii. Ifcelegua Aug. 28. 
 
 t Smiii exmphrt, a Caleva per Muriiumm Virmmm ; ita reBius legimr, mm Muridmtm 
 vel Mortdttmm in medio hoc itinere ponitur. JoJias Simlerus. 
 
 * Ty-an/pofta funt ha dua Stationet apud Harrifonum. 
 
 II Ifcekgn Jupifti, -vel IJcelegta Jugufii ; emenda ex Pul. Ifcakg. II. Augufia. Pouit emm Pul propi 
 Ijcarr.leg. II fie tamen, m amborum laca femiffe unius gradus Imgitudinu diflent, & quadranu quoad 
 latimdinem qua difiatmamfaciuta circiter XXXV. M. P. hie tamen major ponitur ddamia imer Hearn 
 Dtimnoniortm CT Leg. II. Aug. JoJias Simlerus. ^ '' 
 
 Burrium.' 
 
Antoninus’s Itinerary through BRITAIN, 
 
 Editio. 
 
 Aldina. 
 
 Suritam. 
 
 Burrium. m. p. ix. 
 Gobatinium. m. p. xii. 
 
 Simleriana. 
 
 
 Magmim. m. p.^xxii. 
 
 MagnU. 
 
 
 Bravonium. m. p.xxiv. 
 Viroconium. m. ,p. xxvii. 
 
 -- ^ 
 
 Bravinio. 
 
 
 Viricon. 
 
 ITER XIII. 
 
 Iter ab Ifca 
 Cailevam. m. p. 
 cix. (Ic ; 
 
 Burrium. m. p. ix. 
 
 it locum ijhtm Gohamium refiituit GuiUelmus Pulco, 
 Bleftium. m. p. xi. 
 
 Aricoiiium. m. p. xi. 
 
 Clevum. m. p.xVf 
 Purocornovium. ra, p. xiv. 
 
 Spinas, m. p. xv. 
 
 Cailevam. m. p. xv. 
 
 ITER XIV. 
 
 Alio Itinere 
 Ab Ifca 
 
 Cailevam. m. p. ciii. fie s 
 Venta Silurum. m. p. ix. 
 Abone. m. p. ix. 
 
 Trajeftus. m. p. ix. 
 
 Aquis Solis, m. p. vL 
 Verlucione. m. p. xv. 
 Cunetione. m. p. xx, 
 
 Spinis. m. p. xv. 
 
 Calleva. m. p.xv. 
 
 ITER XV. 
 
 A Calleva 
 
 Ifca Dumnunniorum. 
 m. p. cxxxvi. fic j 
 Vindomi. m. p. xv, 
 
 Venta Belgamm. m. p. xxi. 
 Brige. m. p. xi. 
 
 Sorbiodoni. m. p. viii. 
 Vindocladia. m. p. xii. 
 Purnonovnria. m. p. ix. 
 Moriduno. in. p. xxxvi. 
 licadum Nunniorum. m. p. xv. 
 
 Note, Dr. Gale fays, in the Preface to his learned Commentary on this Itinerary, that the light be had 
 from fame other Copies which were communicated to him, was next to nothing [Quatitillas ab his omnibus 
 fuppetias accepimus, videbit Leftor.] No alteration appears to he made by them in the Diftances 
 (which are the main concern^ except as follows : ■■ Iter I. at Ifurium, Bently’s Copy reads ‘viii. for 
 
 xxiv. and at Prstorium, both that and the Oxford Copy read xxii. for xxu. ■ Iter II. at Lugu- 
 vallum, the Oxford Copy, for xii. reads xv. and at Deva, Bently’s for xx. reads x. — — . Iter V. 
 Voffus's Copy, at Villa Fauftini, confirms the reading of xxv. for xxxv, and Iter VI. the fame Copy, at 
 Ladodorum, reads xvH. for xvi. 
 
 > 
 
 [p] 
 
 THE 
 

 
 THE 
 
 GENERALHEADS, 
 
 INTRODUCTION, 
 
 Counties of England. 
 
 Danes, 
 
 Normans, 
 
 Divifionof Britain, ccxxi 
 
 Degrees of England, rorwii: 
 
 Law-Courts of England, ™ [ 
 
 Difcourfe concerning the Etymology, Antiquity and Office of i 
 
 Earl-Marfhal, ^ I cchx 
 
 Concerning the Original and Succeffion of Earl-Marfhal, ^ cclxv 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 AND 
 
 R I TAIN, 
 
 Name of. 
 
 Manners of the Britains, 
 
 Romans in Britain, 
 
 ConjeiSures upon the Britifh CoinS; 
 
 xxxt 
 
 xU 
 
 xlvii 
 
 cix 
 
 cxiv 
 
 cxix 
 
 cxxv 
 
 cxxvii 
 
 cxxxi 
 
 Additional Conjedures, 
 
 Conjedures upon the Roman Coins, 
 
 Additional Conjedures, 
 
 Deftrudion of Britain, 
 
 Britains of Armorica, 
 
 Britains of Wales and Cornwall, 
 
 Fids, 
 
 Scots, 
 
 Englilh Saxons, 
 
 Names of the Saxons, 
 
 General Rules, to know the Original of Names of Places; 
 Saxon Coins, 
 
 cxxxiii 
 
 cxxxv 
 
 cxliii 
 
 cliii 
 
 clxix 
 
 clxxii 
 
 clxxv 
 
 Conclufion of the General Defcription of Britain, 
 
 cclxvii 
 
 T^AUMOmJ, 
 
The General Heads in E n <j l a d. 
 
 D4NM0NII, 
 
 * { 
 
 Cornwall, 
 
 Devonlhire, 
 
 1 
 
 29 
 
 DUROTR IGES, 
 
 - 
 
 Dorfetfliire, 
 
 51 
 
 BELGM, 
 
 r 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Somerfetfliire, 
 
 WiltlLire, 
 
 Harnfhire, 
 
 Ifle of Wight, 
 
 67 
 
 99 
 
 131 
 
 ATTREBATII, 
 
 159 - 
 
 -Barkfhire, 
 
 159 
 
 REGNI, 
 
 179 ^ 
 
 ■Suth-rey, 
 
 _Suth-fex, 
 
 179 
 
 195 
 
 CAMTIUM, 
 
 215 - 
 
 -Kent, 
 
 215 
 
 Arfenals for the Royal Navy in Kent, 
 
 223, 232, 233 
 
 DOBUNI, 
 
 267 < 
 
 'Glocefterfliire, 
 
 ^Oxfordlhire, 
 
 267 
 
 251 
 
 CATTIEUCHLANI, 
 
 32$ ; 
 
 ■Buckinghamfliire, 
 
 Bedfordfhire, 
 
 ^Hertfordlhire, 
 
 355 
 
 335 
 
 343 
 
 TRINOBANTES, 
 
 3<53 > 
 
 'Middlefex, 
 
 lEffex, 
 
 365 
 
 4.05 
 
 ICENI, 
 
 433 
 
 'Suffolk, 
 
 Norfolk, 
 
 Cambridgelhire, 
 
 Huntingdonfhire, 
 
 437 
 
 455 
 
 479 
 
 501 
 
 CORITANI, 
 
 511 . 
 
 ' 
 
 ''Northamptonfhire, 
 
 Leicefterfliire, 
 
 Rutlandfhire, 
 
 Lincolnfhire, 
 
 Nottinghamfhire, 
 
 Derbyfhire, 
 
 5” 
 
 529 
 
 543 
 
 549 
 
 575 
 
 585 
 
 CORNAVIl 
 
 rWarwickihire, 
 
 1 Worcefterfliire, 
 C07 J Staffordfhire, 
 
 1 Shropfliire, 
 ([Chelhire, 
 
 597 
 
 617 
 
 633 
 
 645 
 
 661 
 
 SJLURES, 
 
The General Heads in England. 
 
 SILURES, 
 
 DIMETM, 
 
 683 
 
 743 
 
 ORDEFICES, 777 
 
 BRIG ANTES, 841 
 
 [Herefordlhire, 
 
 . 685 
 
 1 Radnorfhire, 
 
 697 
 
 Brecknockfliire, 
 
 703 
 
 Monmouthfhire, 
 
 709 
 
 .Glamorgan (hire. 
 
 729 
 
 rCaermardhinlhire, 
 
 748 
 
 JPenbroklhire, 
 
 758 
 
 ^Cardiganlbire, 
 
 767 
 
 [■Montgomerylhire, 
 I Meirionydhlhire, 
 
 J Caernarvonlhire, 
 
 777 
 
 788 
 
 798 
 
 Anglefey, Mona, 
 
 “ 805 
 
 Denbighfhire, 
 
 813 
 
 .Flintfhire, 
 
 8ai 
 
 Princes of Wales, 
 
 831 
 
 Yorklhire, Weft-Riding, 
 
 845 
 
 Eaft-Riding, 
 
 885 
 
 North-Riding, 
 
 903 
 
 Richmondfhire, 
 
 917 
 
 - Biftioprick of Durham, 
 
 981 
 
 Lancafhire, 
 
 961 
 
 Weftmorland, 
 
 983 
 
 Cumberland, 
 
 lOOI 
 
 Pifts-Wall, 
 
 1043 
 
 Obfervations on the Pi£ts-Wall, in a Journey made toV 
 Purvey it. Anno 1708. 
 
 On that part betwixt New-Caftle and the Wall’s-end,? 
 
 An. 1709. S *°57 
 
 An Account of the Divifion of Cumberland by William\ 
 the Conqueror among his Followers, 
 
 OTTADIN I, 1063 —Northumberland, 1067 
 
 The Union of England and Scotland, j j j , 
 
 THE 
 
 

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1 
 
 11 
 
 BRITAIN. 
 
 RITA IN, called alfo Al‘ 
 bion, and by the Greeks 
 Bperttv/ct, BpSTctmitS, DpiTctflf} 
 
 ’Aa&i'wi', and ‘AMteav, the 
 mofl famous liland in the 
 World ; is divided from 
 the Continent of Europe, 
 by the Ocean. It lies over- 
 againft andfl'iZKce, 
 
 * Tigura Tu‘ ^ * Triangular form, having three Promonto- 
 quetra. fhooting out three feveral ways, Bele- 
 
 ^■ium [the Landes end] towards the Weft ; Can- 
 Hum [the Ke} 7 tifh Foreland] towards the Eaft ; 
 and ^arvijium or Orcas {Catbnefs^ towards the 
 Korth. On the Weft, between it and Ireland, the 
 Vergi-vian or Irifli Sea breaks in •, on the North 
 it is wafhed by the vaft and wide Northern Oce- 
 an ; on the Eaft, where it faceth Germany, by the 
 German Ocean on the South over-againft 
 France, by the Britifli Chanel. Thus, divided 
 by a convenient diftance from the neighbour- 
 ing Nations on all fides, and fitted by its open 
 harbours for the traffick of the w'holc World, 
 it feems to have fpread it felt' into the fea, for 
 Sec in the general benefit of mankind. For between 
 Kent and Calais in France, it runs fo far into the 
 lea, and the Chanel is fo contradted, that {a)- 
 fome are of opinion that a breach was made 
 there to receive the fea, which till that time had 
 been excluded : and to confirm it, they bring 
 Virgil\ Authority in this Veffe, 
 
 Ft penitus toto divifos orbe Britannos. 
 
 And Britain quite from all the world dif- 
 joyn’d. 
 
 Eecaufe, fays Servim Honoratm, Britain veas an- 
 ciently joynd to the Continent. And they alfo urge 
 that ot Claudian, in imitation of Virgil, 
 
 ■ - ■ ' Nojiro didtilia Britannia mundo. 
 
 And Britain fever’d from our World, 
 
 And it is nor unlikely, that the face and fi- 
 gure of the earth may by the Deluge and other 
 
 caufes have been alter’d that fome mountains 
 may have been rais’d and heighten’d, and many 
 high places funk into plains and vallies ‘, lakes 
 and mcers may have been dried up, and dry 
 places turn’d into Jakes and meers ; and fome 
 Iftands may have been torn and broken off from 
 the Continent. But whether this be indeed 
 true, and whether there were any Iflands at all 
 before the Flood, I Ihall not here argue, nor give 
 a rafh judgment upon God’s Works. All know, 
 that tlie Divine Providence hath difpos’d things 
 very different, to one and the fame end. And 
 indeed it hath always been allow’d, as well by 
 Divines as Philofophers, that Ifles, fcatter’d in 
 the fea, do no lefs contribute to the beauty of 
 the World, than lakes di/pers’d in the Continent, 
 and mountains rais’d above plains, 
 
 Lwyand Fabius Rufikm have made the Form 
 of this liland to refemble an f oblong Platter, or ^ scutuU oh- 
 II two-edg’d Ax ; and fuch cettainly is its fliape longa. 
 towards the South (as * Facitm oblerves,) which il Bipenni. 
 yet hath been ill apply’d to the whole Iftand.* 
 
 For Northward, the vaft trad of land flioodng 
 
 forward to the utmoft fliore, groweth narrow 
 
 andfharp like a wedge. The Ancients thought 
 
 it fo great, and fo very large in circumference, 
 
 that Cafar, the firft of the Romans who difeo- 
 
 ver’d it, wrote, that he bad found out another falfly entitled 
 
 W'orld, fuppojlng it to be fo great, that it feem’d not M<mimiari^ 
 
 fo be furrounded with the fea, but even to encompafs 
 
 the Ocean. And fulim Solinm Polyhijlor aiierts, 
 
 that for largenefs, it almoft deferv a to be call’d 
 
 another World. But our age, by the many fur- 
 
 veys made by feveral perfons, hath w'eli-nigh 
 
 found the exad Dimenlions of the whole Ille. 
 
 For from Cathnejs to the Land’s end, reckoning 
 the windings and turnings of tlie Ihores, along 
 the Weft-fide, are computed about 812 miles. 
 
 From_ thence along the Southern coaft to the 
 Kentifh Foreland, 320 miles. Hence, coafting 
 the German Ocean, with crooked bays «and in- 
 lets for 704 miles, it reaches Cathnefs. So that 
 by this computation, the whole Wand is in cir- 
 cuit 1 83 miles wl;ich meafure, as it falls much 
 fhert ot Blinys, fo is it alfo fomewliat lefs than 
 Cajars^. | Sebitinim Chita is not worth tlie men-* j' . 
 tioning, W'ho in ApoUonim de Mirabilibm (having 
 
 (a) iVhite's Hift. Brit. L, ii, Vot. ii, Burton% Comment, on Antonin, p. j8, 19. Twin, de ^ehm Albion, if 
 Britan. Sammes Britan, 1 . i. c. 4. Verfiegan, ]. i.c. 4. iome Foreigners alfo, Dcmi/iicus Marius Niger, AnioniuS 
 V.lfus, Viviaaus, and Du Bartas have favoar’d this OpiaioRv 
 
 ^ told. 
 
Ill 
 
 B K IT A I N. 
 
 IV 
 
 told us ftrange ftories of fruit growing in Bri- 
 tain without kernels, and grapes without ftones) 
 + Sxailh. makes its circuit 400 f furlongs and no more. 
 
 But Dionyjim Afer in his Defeription of the 
 World, hath given a much better account of 
 the Britijh Illands, that is, of Britain and Ire- 
 landy 
 
 Tcfcfiuv Toi i^ecaici ‘ itSi tis aMH 
 
 'iif.UDi! ov VuioWH BpfT*WC7l» 
 
 Vafl is the compafs of the BritiJJo coafts; 
 
 A like extent no rival Illand boafts. 
 
 And with him Arifiides and other Greek Wri- 
 ters agree, \^ho by way of dilfindtion have tru- 
 ly call’d BritaiHy wor, the great Hland. 
 
 They who have accurately compar’d the fpa- 
 ces of the Hea\'ens with tlie tracts of the Earth, 
 have plac’d Britain under the 8'** Climate, and 
 within the 18'^ and 26'^ Parallels ; computing 
 the longeil Day at eighteen EquinodHal Hours 
 and an half. The Land’s end, accerdingto the 
 Sphericalfigureofthe Earth, they place atiixteen 
 degrees and fifty fcruples, and the Kentish Fore 
 land twenty one degrees in Longitude. As for 
 the Latitude, they meafure in the Southern- 
 parts fifty degrees ten fcruples j at Cathnefs fifty- 
 nine degrees torty fcruples. (h) Britainy by this 
 fituation, muft needs enjoy both a fertile foil, 
 and a moft temperate air. The Summers here 
 are not fcorching, by reafon of the conftant 
 breezes which fan riic air, and moderate the 
 heats. Thefe, as they invigorate every thing 
 that grows, fo they give both to man and beafl, 
 at the fame time, health and refrefhment. The 
 Winters alfo here are mild and gentle. This 
 proceeds, not only from the thicknefs and clofe- 
 nefs of the air, but alfo from the frequency of 
 thofe ftill fhpwers, which w'ith us do much 
 foften and break the violence of the cold. Be- 
 fides that, the feas which encompafs it, do fo 
 cheri^ it with their gentle warmth, that the 
 cold is much lefs fevere, than in fome parts of 
 France and Italy. Upon this coniideration, Minu- 
 tm Felixy proving that the Divine Providence 
 confults, not only the benefit of the world in 
 general, but alfo of each part ; makes ufe of 
 our Bland as an inpance. 7 'hough Britain (faith 
 lie) enjoys not fo much the afpeH and influence of 
 the fun, yet infiead thereof , it is refrefloed and com- 
 forted by the ixamith of the fea ixhkb furrounds it. 
 Neither need we think this obfervation ftrange, 
 w'hich he makes upon the warmth of the fea ; 
 fince Cicero makes the very fame. The feas, 
 faith he, toffed to fro vsitb the vdndsy ^ovj fo -wamiy 
 that jrom thence it may cenamly be inferredy that 
 there is a heat that lies concealed in that vafl fluid 
 body. To the temperate Pate alfo of this Bland 
 Cefeenius Getulkus, a very ancient Poet, feems to 
 allude in thefe verfes concerning Britain. 
 
 Ctcfaralfo takes notice. That fame parts of this 
 country are more temperate than Gaule, and the 
 cold lefs piercing. And Cornelius Tacitus ob- 
 ferves. That in this Ifland there is no extremity of 
 cold : And farther adds, That, except theolivey the 
 vine, and feme other fruits peculiar to the hotter cli- 
 mates, it produceth all things elfe in great plenty : and. 
 That the f-uits of the earth, in coming-up, are for- 
 ward in Britain, but very flow in ripening. Of both 
 which the Caufe is one and the fame, the excejjlve 
 moiflure of the earth and air. For our air (as Stra- 
 bo hath obferved ') is more fuhjeH to rain than 
 fnow. How'ever, fo happy is Britain in a mop 
 plentiful produP of all forts of. grain, that {c) Or- 
 pheus hath called it The very feat of Ceres. For 
 to this IPand {d) w'e are to apply that ex- 
 prcfilon. 
 
 • iS U’psct 
 
 
 See here the Pately Court 
 
 Naf, 
 
 Dcor. 1 . 2. 
 
 J‘rohus inVirg, 
 Ceor, 
 
 Non illic Aries vernofeidt aera cornu, 
 Gnojflanec Gemini prcccedunt cornua Tauri, 
 Sicca Lycaonius refupinat plaufira Bootes. 
 
 Not there the fpring the Rayns imkindnefs^ 
 mourns, . > 
 
 Nor Taurm fees the Twins before his horns, { 
 His Northern wain where dry turns.''' 
 
 Of Royal Ceres ! 
 
 And in former times, this was as it were the 
 granary and magazine of the WePern Empire. 
 
 For from hence the Romans W'ere wont every 
 year, in 800 veflels larger than * barks, to tran- * Zemhis, 
 fport vap quantities of corn, for the fupply of Zofimus Eu- 
 their armies in garrifon upon the frontiers of”‘*fw^ 
 Germany. But perchance I may feem too la- 
 vifh in the praifes of my own Country ; and 
 therefore you fhall hear an old Orator deliver 
 its Encomium. 0 fortunate Britain, the mofi hap- Panegvric to 
 py country in the world, inthat thou didfifirfl beholdConflantint. 
 ConPantine our Emperour. Thee hath Nature de- 
 fervedly enrich’d with the chokefl bkffmgs of heaven 
 and earth. Thou neither feelefl the excefllve colds of 
 Winter, nor the fcorching heats of Summer. Thy 
 harvefis reward thy labours with fo vafl an encreafe, 
 as to fupply thy Tables with bread, and thy Cedars 
 with liquor. Thy woods have no favage beafls ; no 
 ferpnts harhmr there to hurt the traveller. Innume- 
 rable are thy her is of cattle, and the filch of (beep, 
 
 ■which feed thee plentifully, and death thee richly. 
 
 Andos to the comforts of life, the days are long, and 
 m night pajjes without fome glimpfe of light For 
 whilfi thofe utmojl plains of the Jea-fiore are fo fiat 
 and Urw, m not to cafl a fhadow to create night; they 
 netier lofe the fight of the heavens and flars ; but 
 
 the jun, which to m appears to fet, feems there only 
 
 to pajs by. Uh.Tll here introduce another Ora- Panegyric te 
 
 tor, uling thefe exprefTions to ConHamim, fa- 
 
 ther ot Conftantine the Great. And I affure 
 
 ym, w final damage was it, not only to lofe the name 
 
 of Britoin, but the great advantages thence accruing 
 
 to our Common-wealth ; to part with a landfio flored 
 
 with corn, fo flouriflimg in pafiure, fo rich in variety 
 
 of mines, fo profitable in its tributes; on al its coatls 
 
 jo fumtjhed with convenient harbours, and fo immenfe 
 
 in Its mem and circuit. Alfo, Nature’s particu- 
 
 lar indulgence to this our Mand, is thus ex- 
 
 hi antiquity, addreffing 
 himfelt to in this Epigram; which has 
 
 been judg d worthy the Publication : 
 
 ■Tunimio nec firida gelu me fydere fervent, 
 
 Llementz ccslo temperieque places. 
 
 Cuinpareret natura parens, varioque favore 
 Divideret dotes omnibm una locis. 
 
 (6) But later Difcoveries have better aefined the fite of Bn> 9 ,-n . , 1 ,- i • n .. 
 u Degrees from Teneriff, and Cantiam or the Ireland L s^and^an L7®'rW band’s end being bur 
 greet, and of Cathnefs fcarce 1 8 and an half. Whente the ^“‘“de of the Liiard to de- 
 
 W Thrs fif t, early applicable to Britain,; fl,„vs it to hare been kno„. to the Ancients very early. 
 
The fir ft inhabitants. 
 
 Sepojtiit potiora tibi, matremcjue projejfaj 
 Injula fis jcclix pknaque pads, ait. 
 
 ^iiicquid aniat Iuxiia, tjuicepuid dejiderat ufiii. 
 
 Ex te proveniet, wl aliunde tibi. 
 
 Nor cold nor heat’s extrcams thypeople fear^ 
 But gtmtie feafons turn the peaceful year. 
 When teeming nature’s careful hand bellow’d 
 Her various favours on her numerous brood, 
 For thee th’ indulgent mother Jcept the bell, 
 Smil d in thy face, and thus her daughter blell, 
 Bi thee, my darling Ifle, fhall never ceafe 
 The conllant joys of happinefs and peace. 
 What e’re can furnilh luxury or ufe 
 Thy fea fliall bring thee, or thy land pro- 
 duce. 
 
 lnful(z Fortu- This fertility and pleafantnefs of Britain, gave 
 or the occalion to fome to imagine that thefe were the 
 lOands*^* IJlands, and thofe Seats of the Blefed, 
 
 where the Poets tell us, the whole face of Na- 
 ture fmiled with one perpetual fpring. This is 
 In his Com- affirmed by Ifacim 7 z,etzes, a writer of reputa- 
 
 Zj/cophrcn. 
 
 vl 
 
 tion among the Greeks : And our own Ance- 
 Hors, it feems, confidered the fame notion, as 
 literally true. For when Pope Clement VI. (as 
 we read in Robert of A'vesbury) had declared 
 Lewis of Spain, King of the Fortunate IJlands, 
 and to efled his projeft, had begun to levy for- 
 1344. ces in France and Italy ; our Countrymen were 
 prefently polTefs’d with an opinion, that the 
 Pope’s intent was to make him King of our 
 Ifland, and that all thele preparations were de- 
 figned for Britain, as one of thofe Fortunate 
 Iflands. Nay, fo prevalent was this conceit, that 
 even our grave Ambafladors, then relidcnt at 
 Rome, immediately withdrew, and hallen’d home 
 to acquaint their country with its approaching 
 danger. Nor indeed would any man in our age 
 be of another mind, who knows and conliders 
 the Fortunate Pate and the happy circumPances 
 of this IPand. It is the mafter-piece of Na- 
 ture, perform’d when fhe was in her bcP and 
 gayep humour j which fhe placed as a little 
 world by it felf, by the Pde of the greater, for 
 the diverPon of mankind •, the mop accurate 
 model, which fhe propofed to her felf, by which 
 to beautify the other parts of the Univerfe. For 
 which way foever we turn our eyes, w^e are 
 entertain’d with a charming variety, and prof- 
 pefls extreamly pleafant. I need not enlarge 
 upon its Inhabitants, nor extol the vigour and 
 firmnefs of their conPifution, their good hu- 
 mour, their civility, and their courage and 
 bravery, fo often try’d both at home and a- 
 broad j and not unknown to the remoteP cor- 
 ners ot the earth. 
 
 The firfl In- But concerning the mop antient or the very 
 habitants, and PrP Inhabitants of this Ifland, as alfo the ori- 
 mme’ Britain, divers opinions 
 
 have been Parted j and a great many (as a cer- 
 tain writer has exprefs’d it) who knew very lit- 
 tle, have been very poPtive. Nor ought we 
 Britains to expect more certain evidences in this 
 cafe, than other nations. For, except thofe in 
 particular, whcfe originals the holy Scriptures 
 have delivered ^ all the rep, as w'ell as we, re- 
 main under a dark cloud of error and igno- 
 rance, concerning their PrP rife. Nor indeed 
 could it otherwife be, conPdering how deep the 
 revolutions of fo many ages muP have funk and 
 buried Truth. The h’rP Inhabitants of coun- 
 tries had other cares and thougiits, than the 
 tranfmitting their feveral originals to poperity. 
 
 Nay, fuppofmg they had ever fo much defired 
 It, yet could tlicy never have effedtuaJly done 
 altogether uncivilized, 
 perredily rude, and wholly taken up in wars ; 
 io that they were a long time without Lear- 
 ning; which as it is the effeS of a civiliz’d life, 
 ot peace, and leifure, fo is it the only fure and 
 certain means of preferving and tranlinitting to 
 pollerity the memory of things part. Moreo- 
 ver, the Drutds, who were the Priefts aihong 
 the Bntains and Gauls, and towhofecare was 
 cornmitted the jirefervation of their ancient Tra- 
 ditions ; and likewife the Jlards. who made it 
 their bufiiiefs to celebrate all gallant and re- 
 markable adventures ; both the one and the 
 other thought it unlawful to commit any thing 
 to books or writing. But, fuppoling they had 
 left any matters upon record ; without doubt, 
 at fo vail a dillance and after fo many and fo 
 great alterations, they mull needs have been 
 long fince loll. For we fee, that even Smss, 
 
 Pyramids, OUifques, and other Monuments, that 
 were elleem d more durable than brafs it felf 
 for preferring the memory of things, have long 
 fince iKrillled by the injuries of time. But in 
 following ages, there arofe in many nations a' 
 iort of men, who were fludious to fupply thefe 
 dcfefls out of their own invention. For when 
 they could not tell what to deliver for Truth ; 
 that they might at leall delight and pleafe’ 
 they invented divers llories (every one accor- 
 ding ro the flrength and turn of his own ima- 
 gination) about the original and names of Peo- 
 ple. Thefe fancies many relied in, without a- 
 ny further fearch into the truth ; and moll men 
 were fo taken with the fka/ure of the fables, 
 that they fwallow'd them without more adoe. 
 
 But, to oinit other writers, one of our own 
 nation, Geo/jy of Arthur of Monmouth ( whom 
 1 would not mifreprefent in this point) pub- 
 hfti’d, in the reign of Henry II. a iSffory of 
 Britain, trailflated, as he pretends, out of the 
 Britijb Tongue. Wherein he tells us. That one 
 Brutus, a Trojan by defeent, the Son of Sihi- 
 m,^ Grandchild to Afcanim, and Great-grand- 
 child to the famous ^inean, (whole mother was 
 Venm, and confequently himlelf defeended from 
 Jove-, ) That this man, at his birth, coll his 
 mother her life ; and by chance having kill’d his 
 Father in hunting (which thing the Magicians 
 had foretold,) was forc’d to fly into Greece ; 
 
 I hat there he refeued from llavery the progeny 
 of Hek-nm fon of Priam, overcame King Pan- 
 drafm, marry d his daughter, put to fea with 
 the fmall remainder of the Trojans, and falling 
 upon the Ifland of Leogetia, was there directed 
 by the Oracle of Diana to fleer his courfe to- 
 wards this weftern Ifland. Accordingly, that 
 he fail’d through the f Streights of Gibraltar (wftere a. 
 he elcap d tire Syrens) and afterwards, paffing Us Coiumnas. 
 through the Tyrrhenian Sea, arrived in Aquitaitt. 
 
 That in a pitch’d battle, he routed Golfarim 
 PiBm, King of Aquitain, together with twelve 
 Princes of Gauk, who affifled him. And then, 
 after he had built the city of Tours (as, he fay.s, 
 
 Homer tells us) and over-run Gauk, he crofled 
 over into this Ifland, then inhabited by Gi- 
 ants. That having conquered them (together 
 with Gegmagog, who was the greatefl of them 
 all ; ) from his own name he gave this Ifland Brutas in the 
 the name of Britain, in the year of the world year sf ths 
 2855, and 334 years before the firft Olympiad, world 28^5, 
 and before the nativity of Chrift, iioS. Thus 
 tarGeoffry. But there are (c) others, who ofl-erch'rift°i,o8. 
 
 fe; The moH aniicnt Irilh Antiquities deduce the name from Son of Feraus Fitt-Nemech • and fi,. 
 
 It ,„s formerly called Met, agreeably to Ariilides's Infila mogna. Ogyg. p. .2. Id. fya S'i^r’e i fil] 
 
 Other 
 
Vii 
 
 BRITAIN. 
 
 viii 
 
 other grounds and ix-afons tor this name of 5 / i' 
 tarn. Sir ‘Thomas Eliot, Kr. a very learned man, ac- 
 rives it trom a Greek Woril, nforctmctj vvhich ten^n 
 among the Athenians iigiiiHed their publick rtrye- 
 nues. Humphrey Lloyd, who hath the reputation 
 of one of the beft Antiquaries of this K-Wg“ 
 dom, with much aflurance fetches its original 
 trom the Britifh word PnVw/K, that^is to lay, 
 Via. Cerw-of a -iohite Colour. Pompontm LatM tells us, that 
 the Britaim of Armorica (f) in France, gave it 
 the name. Goropius Becanm will have it, that 
 the Danes fettled themf elves here, and called it 
 Bridansa, i. e. Free Dania. Others derive it from 
 Prtitenia [Pruflla,] a part ot Germany. Bodin 
 iuppofes it took its name from Bretta, a Spanilli 
 
 word, which fignifiesFiJrf/jj and Forcatulm, ivom 
 
 Brithin, which, as it appears in Athensus, was 
 the name of a fort of drink among the Greci~ 
 ans Others derive it from the Brutti in Italy, 
 whom the Greeks called BfirU. But thofe Pe- 
 dants are by no means to be endur’d, who would 
 have it call’d Britain, from the -brutifl} manners 
 of the Inhabitants. 
 
 Thefeareall the Opinions (fo far as I know; 
 touching the name of Britain. But as we can- 
 not choie but think the hdions of Foreigners 
 in this matter extreamly ridiculous j lb divers 
 of our own Country-men give us no very fatisfa- 
 ftory account. And indeed, in thele and the 
 like cafes, it is much caller to deteft a fallity, 
 than to eftablilh a truth. For, befides that it 
 is in it felf abfurd to feek the ground of this 
 name in a foreign language j the general con- 
 fent of the more noted Hillorians doth confute 
 Latm ; all informing us, that thofe Britains ot 
 France went from hence, and carried the name 
 along with them. AlCo, Britain was famous un- 
 der this name, feveral hundred years before the 
 names of Vania and Prutenia were known in the 
 world. And what hath our Britain to do with 
 the Spanifli Bretta ? (of which indeed I make 
 a queftion, whether it be a Spanifh word j ) and 
 why fhould this liland be fo call’d, rather than 
 any other country ? It can hardly be made out, 
 that the drink Brithin was ever ufed in our 
 country ; and to deduce the name of our nati- 
 tion from a liquor of the Grecians, is ridicu- 
 lous. The Italian were indeed, as Strabo 
 notes, called by the Lticani, BfiTlioj, which im- 
 plies as much as Fugitives or Rovers j But that 
 the Briitii rov’d fo far as Britain, can never be 
 prov’d. To come now to the conjedures of our 
 own Country-men : Eliot’s nfi/'/aneT* feems very 
 improbable, fince that word was peculiar to the 
 Athenians ; and the Greeks were wont to call 
 this Ifland Bfi'ia.nia.y, not nfVTK.yf(a.v. Lloyd’s Prid- 
 cain, trom whence he derives Britain, feems fo 
 far fetch’d and fo overftrain’d an Etymology, 
 that I need not obferve that the w-ord Cain comes 
 from the Latin Candidm ; which had crept into 
 the provincial language of the Britains. 
 
 But now, could we be once well fatisfied, 
 that this Hillory of Brutm is true and certain ; 
 there would be no farther occalion for Enqui- 
 ries after the Original of the Britifli nation : 
 that buiinefs would be at an end, and Antiqua- 
 ries excus’d from a very troublefom and tedious 
 Search. For my part, I am fo far from labour- 
 ing to diferedit that Hiftory, that I allure you 
 I have often {train’d my Invention to the utmofl, 
 to fupport it. Ablolutely to rejedit, would be 
 to wage war againft Time, and to fight againlt 
 
 a receiv’d Opinion. For fliall one of my mean 
 capacity, prefume to give fentence in a point of 
 fo much confequence ? I refer the coiitroveiTie 
 intircly to the College of (g) Antiquaries, and, 
 leaving every man to the liberty of^his own 
 judgment, fhall not be much concern’d at any 
 one’s opinion. 
 
 And yet here, I find my felf oblig d to take 
 notice (and I hope, fince I fearch after nothing 
 but truth, with the Reader’s pardon) that there 
 are very learned and judicious men, who endea- 
 vour divers ways to invalidate this relation, and 
 are wont to attack me, when I ofter to defend 
 it, with thefe or the like arguments. Their firft 
 objedioii they draw from the age wherein thefe 
 things are faid to have been donej and peremp- 
 torily aflerr, that all is purely fabulous (the fa- 
 cred Hiflories excepted; whatever is delivered 
 by Hiflorians as done before the firfl; Olympi- 
 ad, i. e. the year 770. before the birth of our 
 Saviour. Now, thefe things which are told us 
 concerning Brutus, precede that period by a- 
 bove 300 years. This exception they ground 
 upon the Authority of Varro, themofUearned 
 among the Roman writers, in whom the firftxhe fabulous 
 period of time, which was from the creation to time, or age. 
 the deluge, bears the title of "AS»\oy, j. e. obfeure 
 and uncertain, fo called from our ignorance of the . 
 tranfaiSions of thofe times. The fecond, which 
 was from the deluge to the firft Olympiad, he 
 calls MpSiaav, i. e. fabulons, becaufe moft of thofe 
 Hiftories are fabulous, even among the Greek 
 and Roman Authors, who were the learned part 
 of the world ; and much more, among a bar- 
 barous and unlearned people^ fuch as were, at 
 that time, all the inhabitants of thefe Northern 
 parts. In the next place they alledge, that this 
 relation is not confirmed by any Authentick 
 writer which in all Hiflories muft be allowed 
 to be the thing mofi: material. Now, they call 
 thofe, authentick w’riters, who have antiquity and 
 learning agreeable j and in proportion to thefe, 
 they give more or lefs credit to them. But to 
 all this fort of Authors, as well as to the anti- 
 ent Britains themfelves, they confidently aver 
 that the very name of Brutm was perfeiSly un- 
 known. Farther, they fay, that Ca;{arhirafelf 
 hath allured us, that above * 1 700 years ago, * 1600, C. 
 on the flriliefl enepuiry, he could only difeover thm 
 much, that the inland-parts of Britain were inhabi- 
 ted by fuck as were the true and ancient natives ; but 
 that the Sea-coafls were peopled with foreigners, who 
 hadcrofs’d over thither o«r ^ Belgium. Tacitus 
 alld (above f 1500 years ago) who had made di-f 1400, C. 
 ligent fearch into thefe matters, fays, IVIoat fort 
 of men did at fir fi inhabit Britain, whether bred and 
 born in that Ifland, or whether tJtey came thither from 
 foreign parts j among fuch a barbarom people, cannot 
 now be difeovered. Alfo Gildas Sapiens (who him- 
 felf was a Britain, and lived || 1 100 years fiiice) [; 1000, C. 
 fays not one word concerning this Brutm ; nay, 
 even declares himfelf unfatisfied, whether the 
 ancient Britains had any records or w'ritings at 
 all, whereby they might tranfmit their hillory 
 and original to poflerity. And therefore he 
 plainly confclfes. That he took all out of foreign 
 writers, and not out of any writings or records left by 
 his own country-men. For if there ever had been any 
 fuch, they were in his time quite lofl, having either 
 been burnt by the enemy at home, or carried by ex- 
 iles into foreign parts. Ninius allo, a difciple of 
 Eluodugus, in the preface to his Chronicle, w'rit- 
 
 "; /) Tn oppofition to which, the fame Learned Writer affirms, that we meet with na mention of that Britan^ 
 nia Aliuor, or Little Bretagne, before Siiojiius Apellifiaris. 
 
 A learned Antiquary hath made fonte attempts towards a defence of it. SeJd. Polyolb. p. 17. 
 
 ten 
 
IX 
 
 The jirfl Inhabitants. 
 
 * 8co C. ton *900 years fmce, complains, That the greateft 
 Scholars among the Britains, had but little lear- 
 ning, and that they had left no memorials : And con- 
 tel'les, that whatever he had written, uw coUe'cled 
 out of the Annals and Chronicles of the Holy Fa- 
 thers. They alfo argue, That Bede, William^ of 
 Malmsbury, and all the reft who wrote before 
 the year 1 1 do, feem not fo much as to have 
 heard of the name of our Bnitm j there is as 
 to this particular fuch anuniverfal filence among 
 them. 
 
 They obferve hereupon, that the very name 
 of this Bruipii was a ftranger to the world, _ till a 
 barbarous and ignorant age gave opportunity to 
 one Hunnibald, a trifling writer, to obtrude his 
 Francio, a Trojan, Son to King Priam, as the 
 Founder of the French name and nation. Hence 
 they conclude, that when our country-men had 
 once heard, that their neighbours the French de- 
 rived their pedigree from the Trojans, they 
 thought it below them to come behind a people 
 in defcent, whom they equal! d in valour. And 
 X .nn r hereupon, + 500 years ago, our Geoffry ap Arthur 
 of firft of all gratif/d the Bntams 
 
 with this Brutm, as Founder of the Enpjh^a- 
 tion, and made him not only of a Trojan, but 
 of Divine extraiftion. Before which time they 
 urge, that there never was the kail mention made 
 of fuch a man' ns BmM. 
 
 They add, that much about the fame time, the 
 Scotch wTiters fet-up their (/;) Scofa, Daughter 
 of Pharaoh King of Egypt, as the Foundrefs of 
 theif Mation. That then-abouts, fome perions 
 (abufmg their parts, and mif-fpending their 
 time,) without any ground of truth, forged for 
 the Irifh their Hiberm ; for the Danes, their 
 -Danm', for the Brabanders, their Brdhbi for the 
 fioths, their Gotlm-, for the Saxons, their Sdxo‘, 
 as the Founders of their feveral nations. But 
 now this knowing age hath difeovered all thefe 
 Impoftures ^ and fmce the French have rejeded 
 their Francio.itS a counterfeit, {The French, faith 
 the moft learned Turnebus, when they lay claim 
 to a Trojan original, do it purely in emulation of the 
 Romans. For when theyfaw this people fo much build 
 upon that, as the mofi noble Original, they thought it 
 convenient to vefi themfelves with the fame honour: ) 
 Since alfo the more fober and thinking part of 
 the Scots have caft off their and the force 
 
 of Truth hath at laft entirely prev^led againft 
 that Hiberm, Danm, Braho, and all the reft of 
 thefe mock-pirinces j they much w’onder, why 
 the Britains ihould fo fondly adhere to their Bru- 
 tm (as the original of their Ifland’s name,) and 
 to their Trojan extradion j as if there had been 
 no Britains here before the deftrudion of Troy 
 (which happen’d about 1000 years after the de- 
 luge j) or, as if there had not lived many va- 
 liant men in the world before Agamemnon. 
 
 Farther yet they tell us, that the greateft part 
 of the learned Writers, as Boccatim, Hives, Ha- 
 drianm Junim, Polydore, Buchanan, Vignier, Gene- 
 brardm, Molimem, Bodinm, and other perfons olr 
 <5'reat judgment, do unanimoufly affirm, that 
 there never was fuch a man as Brutus. Nay more, 
 that very many of our own Country-men, per- 
 fons eminent for their learning, rejed him as a 
 meer Impoftor. Among whom in the firft place, 
 H r ei a produce fobn of Wheathamjied, Abbot of 
 
 bout'^he ‘ St. Albans, a man of excellent judgment, wfto 
 year 144c. wrote long ago concerning this matter in his 
 Granarium. According to other hiftories {which in 
 the judgment of fome men deferve much more credit) 
 that whole relation concerning Brutus, ii rather poe- 
 
 tical than hiflorkal, and is for feueral reafons to be 
 accounted rather fanciful than real. As firfi,we find 
 no where in the Roman Hifiories, the leaf mention, 
 either of the killing of the father, or the begetting or 
 banifiment of the fon. Secondly, Afeanius, accor- 
 ding to feveral authors, had no fon, whofe proper name 
 was Silvius. For they give us an account but of one 
 that he had, to wit, liilus, from whom afte'/ward 
 the ]u\ian family had its original, &c. And thirdly, 
 
 Silvius Pofthumus,u 7 jow pofibly Geoftry may mean, 
 was the Son of iEneas by his wife Lavinia,- and 
 be having had a fon named .(Flneas, in the 3 8'*' year 
 of bis Reign, ended his life, not by any mifchance, but 
 by a natural death. By aU which it is apparent, that 
 the Kingdom which is now called England, was. 
 not heretofore named Britain, from Brutus the fon 
 of Silvius, as many will have it. But others look 
 upon the whole as a ridiculous piece of foppery and 
 vanity, to lay claim to this nobility of defcent, when 
 we cannot ground our pretence upon any pnbable foun- 
 dation. It is Virtue alone that gives nobility to a 
 nation ; and it is a g-reatnefs of mind, with an ae- 
 complififd judgment, that makes the true man of Ho- 
 nour. Suitably hereunto, Seneca in bis Epiftles tells Epift. 44. 
 us out of Plato, That there is no King, who had not 
 his extroBion from flaves , nor any flave that de- 
 fended not from Kings. Let this therefore content 
 the Britijb nation, as an evidence of their honourable 
 original, that they are couragious and valiant in war, 
 that they have been fuperior to all their enemies round 
 them, and that they have a natural averfion to Jei'- 
 vitude. In the fecond place, they produce Wil- 
 liam of Newbourgh, a much more ancient wTi- 
 ter, who in his rough way fixed the charge of 
 forgery upon Geoff y, the compiler of the Bri- 
 tifh HiRory, as foon as ever he had publifhed 
 it. A certain writer, flarted up in our days, bath 
 devifed flrange and ridiculous tales concerning the Bri- 
 tains, and with an impudent vanity hath extolled them 
 far above the gallantry of the Macedonians and Ro- 
 mans. His name is Geoffry, but he bath the ad- 
 ditional one of Arthur too, becaufe he fent abroad, 
 under the honourable title of a hiRory, the Fables, 
 of King Arthur, taken out of the old fiRions of the 
 Britains, with fome additions of his oxvn, which he 
 hath drefsd up in Latin. The fame man, with yet 
 greater boldnejs hath publifjo d, cts authentick Proplie-* 
 lies {pretending that they are grounded upon csitain 
 Evidence) the fallacious prediRions of one Merlin; 
 to which alfo, in tranjlating them into Latin, he hath 
 added a good deal of his own invention. And a lit- 
 tle after ; Befides, in that book of his which he en- 
 titles The Hiftory of the Britains, how impudent- 
 ly and hare-faced he forges ^ery thing, ts obvious to 
 any one ivho reads it and is not wholly a ftranger to 
 the ancient hiRories. For men, who have not infor- 
 med themfelves of the truth, fwallow all Fables that 
 come to hand. I fay nothing of thofe great ^ adven- 
 tures of the Britains before Julius Csfar s land- 
 ing and government ; which be either feign d bim- 
 felf, or handed down the fabulous inversions of others, ■ 
 
 06 authentick. Infomuch, that Giraldus Cam- 
 brenfis, who lived and wrote in the fame age, Deftripu 
 made no fcruple to call it, The Fabulous Hiftory Cambr. c. 7» 
 of Geoffry. Others deride Geoffry s foolifh Topo- 
 graphy in this narration, and his counterfeit te- 
 ftimony from Homer ; and tell us that the 
 whole Story is a heap of incongruities and ab- 
 furdities. They remark further, that thefe his 
 writings, together with his Merlin, ftand con- 
 demned, among other prohibited books, by the 
 Church of Rome. Others obferve, that the 
 greateft admirers of this Brutus, are themfelves 
 W'avering and unrefolved in the point : that Au- 
 
 CiJ The Iriff: and Scotch, in the btifinefc of Pharaoh’s Daughter, fliould not be made^ two different Nations. 
 
 P- ‘SPr 344, 4«3- W"- Mmml. c. i6. ^ 
 
XI 
 
 BRITAIN. 
 
 XU 
 
 thor (fay they) who takes upon him the name 
 mid title of Gildas, and has rack’d a little Glofs 
 to Ninnm^ in the hrft place imagineth this our 
 Brutus to have been a Roman Conful ; in the 
 next, to have been the fon of one Silvius, and 
 tiicn at laft of one Hejjicion. I have heard alio, 
 that there is a certain Count Palatine very ear- 
 nefl to have our Brutus called Broms, becaul’e 
 his birth was fatal to his mother, ByrS? in 
 Greek lignifying 7 MYtal. In the judgment of 
 others, tliefe men might have beftowed on 
 the Britains a more probable, and yet a more 
 illullrious original, if they had drawn their 
 defccnt either from Br'm the Centaur, menti- 
 T.manuu ot^’d by Higlmis^ or from that Bretanus, upon whofe 
 daughter Ce/fice (according to Parthenius Nicse* 
 us, a very ancient author) Hercules begat Cel- 
 tus, the father of the Celta i and from W'hich 
 Bretanus^ Hefyehius deriveth the word Britain. 
 
 Thus have I laid before you the Obfervati- 
 ons and Opinions of other men upon this fub- 
 jeef. If I have any way impaired the credit of that 
 hiftory concerning Brutus, none can reafonably 
 quarrel with me lince in matters of this na- 
 ture every man is allowed the liberty of his 
 own thoughts, and of publillling thofeof other 
 men. For my part, it fhall never trouble me, 
 if Brutus pafs current for the father and founder 
 of the .B>7V7/2> Nation. Let the defeent 
 
 hand good, as they deduce it from the Tro- 
 jans. I fhall never contradid it : nay, I fhall 
 fhew hereafter, how with truth it may be main- 
 Zivy. tained. I am not ignorant, that in old time, 
 V. Cornwall, Nations had recourfe to Hercules, in later ages 
 HercuUs Pro- the ‘Trojans, for their originals. And let An- 
 montoHum. herein be pardoned, if fhe fometime 
 
 difguife trutli with the mixture of a fable, and 
 bring in the Gods themfelves to ad a part, 
 w hen fhe defign’d thereby to render the Begin- 
 nings, either of a city or a nation, more noble 
 and majeftick. For Pliny well obferves, That 
 even falfiy to pretend a defeent from illujirious per- 
 fons, argues a rej'petl for venue. And I readily 
 agree with Varro, the moft learned of the Ro- 
 mans, That thefe originals, fetch’d from the 
 Godsy though in themfelves falfe, yet are at leaf 
 thus far uf^f that men, prefuming upon a divine 
 extraH^n, may thereby he excited to generous enter- 
 prifes, and purfue them ivith mote than ordinary 
 sLeal ; which makes them feldosnfail of extraordinary 
 AugnjUn. de fi^ccefs. From which words (by the way) St. Au- 
 civitat. Dei, fin gathers, that Varro was inclined to think. 
 W. 3. 4 .that all fuch opinions were really groundlefs, 
 tliough he did not openly and exprefly own it. 
 
 Since therefore men are not yet agreed, ei- 
 ther concerning the original of the name, or the 
 firft Inhabitants of Britain ; (and whether as to 
 thefe points tlie truth will hereafter be more 
 dearly difeovered, now it hath lain fo long, and 
 fo deeply buried, I mufl declare my felf ex- 
 treamly doubttul: ) I hope tiie reader will ex- 
 cufe me too, if I modeftly interpofe my own 
 conjedure, without prejudice to or againfl any 
 perfon : not in a contentious humour, but as 
 -becomes a perfon, w hodelires only to difeover 
 tri-fth ; which lam now attempting with fuch a 
 dif-interefted zeal, that even the juft apprehen- 
 fions of cenfure could not perfuade me to defift. 
 And that I may with the more eafe andfuccefs 
 difeover the original of this name, if poffible 
 I w ill in the firft place endeavour to find our, 
 as near as I can, w ho were the firft Inhabitants 
 
 of this Illand. Though indeed thefe firft Plan- 
 ters lie fo in the dark hidden Depths of Anti- 
 quity, (as it were in fomo thick grove ; ) that 
 there is very fmall or no hopes of retrieving by 
 ray diligence, what hath for fo many ages lain 
 buried in oblivion. 
 
 I’o run up our enquiries therefore as high as 
 we can j (omitting Ca:far, Diodorus, and other 
 writers, who will have the Britains to be ’At-ra- 
 and Aborigines, home-bred, and nor tran- 
 Iportcd from any other place ,• imagining that 
 mankind at firft fprung out of the earth like 
 mufhroons ) we are informed by Mofes in the 
 facred Hiftory, that after the Flood, the three 
 Sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japhet, when 
 their iflue were greatly multiplied, left the 
 mountains of Armenia, where the Ark had reli- 
 ed ; feparating themfelves into the feveral quar- 
 ters of tlie earth ; and that by them the wliole 
 world was peopled. It may alfo farther be pro- 
 ved, as well by reafon, as by the authority of 
 Theophtlus Antiochenus, that when their families 
 came to be difperfed by little and little, forae of 
 their Pofterity at laft arrived in this our Iftand. 
 
 IVherecxs (fays he) in old time there were but few People 
 in Arabia and Chaldea 3 ajter the divijion of tongues 
 they encreasd more and more. Hereupon fame took 
 their way toward the Eafi, others to the great and 
 wide Continent ; others travelling towards the North, 
 and feeking a place to fettle in, fill marched on, ta- 
 king pojfeffton of aU that lay b^bre them, till at lafi 
 they came even to Britain, feated in the northern cli- 
 mate. Mofes himfelf doth alfo exprefly aflert 
 the fame thing,, when he informs us, that the 
 lilands of the Gentiles were divided, in the 
 refpeeftive Countries, by the pofterity of Japhet. 
 
 The Iflands of the Gentiles, Divines do interpret 
 to be thofe, whicli lay fartheft oft* : and Wolpls- 
 gangus Mufculus, a Divine of confiderable repute, 
 is of opinion that the nations and families which 
 defeended from Japhet, were the firft pofteftbrs 
 of the European Iflands j fuch are (faith he) 
 
 England, Sicily, &c. Now, that Europe fell to 
 the fhare of Japhet and his pofterity, befides 
 Divines, Jofephus and other Authors Lave de- 
 livered as their opinion. To which purpofe, 
 
 Ifidore cites this paflage out of an ancient wri- 
 
 ter. the Natiom -which Jf rani, fnm ^phet, pofo,;,„. I.g. 
 
 Jejs from the mountain Taurus to the North, aUcap%. 
 
 the middle part of Alia, and all Europe, as far as 
 
 the British Ocean, and gave their names both to the 
 
 Places and to the People a great many whereof have 
 
 been Jince changed } but the reji remain the fame. 
 
 And we fee in the Europeans, that [propheti- 
 cal] benediftionof Noah fulfilled, GodfhaU en- cenefisix, 
 large Japhet, and he Jhall dwell in the tents of 
 Shem, and Canaan fhall he his fervant. For it 
 was Europe, as Pliny faith, which produced that 
 people, who were the Conquerors of all other 
 Nations, and have more than once triumphed 
 over the other parts, which were the fhare of 
 Shem and Cham : and this was peopled by Ja- 
 phet and his pofterity. For from his feveral 
 Sons, came the feveral nations 3 from Magog, 
 ^eMaflageta:; ivovs\ Javan, the lonians; from 
 Thuhal the Spaniards ; and from Mefech, the Mof- 
 covites. And his eldeft fon Gomer, in thefe our 
 raoft remote parts of Europe, gave both origi- 
 nal and name to the Gomerians, who were af- 
 terward called (/) Cimbri and Cimmerii. Thatp. 
 name of the Cimbri or Cimmerii, did, in pro-cimmeL. 
 cefs of time, almoft fill all thefe parts of the 
 
 i./ original aContrafl on from CW„,V , „h(eh „„„ 
 
 ■they lilod, for that baing undet’iKtreat.fn^^^ "tatain 
 
 at to tha faa fcn, thara wfs a parp“uarS „f r! =”■* i 
 
 tvorldj 
 
xm 
 
 The Jirfi Inhabitants. 
 
 XIV 
 
 ^vorld^ and fpread it felt not only in GcriTian}^ 
 but in Gallic alio. ( ^ ) Jofephus and Zonaras 
 both obien'e, that Thojevsho are mvj calkdG^\^Sy | 
 tee/e from Gomer named Gomari, Go- 
 
 metsii, and Gorp.cnts. And from thcfc Goma- 
 ri or Gomeri ot Gaule, I have always been of 
 opinion that our Britains had both their origi- 
 nal and name ; in which I am, confirm’d by the 
 proper and genuine name ot the Britains. For the 
 Welch to this day call thcmfelves Kumero, Cym- 
 ro, and Kumeri j a Welch woman, Kumeraes ; 
 and their language, Kumeraeg. Neither do they 
 o\\ n any other name, although fome pretenders 
 f Oflate, C.to learning f in the laft age, have from thence 
 coin’d the new names of Cambri and Cambria. 
 Lib.%. f.3. And the Grammarian whom V^il lafliesinhis 
 Scalig.Annot.^^f^/^^j. and calkth the Britijh T%ucydides,Qum- 
 p. 222. tilian faith was a Cimbrian. And from whence 
 can we imagin thefe names fliould be derived, ; 
 but from that antient Comer, and from thofe ' 
 Gomeri, who were fo near to us in Gaule, the 
 feat of the old Gomerians ? The learned are of 
 opinion, that the Germans are defeended from 
 Ajehenaz., the Turks from Togormah, both fons 
 of Corner bccaufe the Jews at this day 
 call the latter Togormah, and the former Af- 
 chenaz. ; That the Thracians, lonians, Ri- 
 pheans, and the Mofehi or Mufeovites, &c. are 
 the Poflerity of ‘Thiray:, yavan, Riphat, and 
 Mojehus, no man queftions ; for the affinity of 
 the names fufiiciently proves it : Likewife, that 
 the Ethiopians defeended from Chtis, and the 
 Egyptians from Mifraim, the fons of Cham, there 
 is no man but will readily grant ; becaufe the 
 two people are call’d by thofe very names in 
 their own languages. Why then fhould not we 
 allow that our Britains or Cumeri, are the true 
 ■genuine poflerity of Corner and that from him 
 they derive this name ? For the name it felf 
 feems very much to favour this derivation. And 
 it is confefs’d on all hands, that the poflerity of 
 Corner planted themfelves in the utmoll parts 
 Thil. MeUnH.oi Eiu'ope. Which alfo the very name ot Co- 
 mer intimates •, a name, u'hich he ow’d not to 
 chance, but to divine defignation. 'Box ^Corner 
 z^ilsVhrZia Hebrew fignifieth bounding, or the utmofl 
 
 Sammes.'^'^ ’ border. And here let 110 man, with intention to 
 defame our Cumeri or Cimbri, objedt what Sex- 
 tus Pompeius writes, that (/) T'hieves in the old 
 Gallick language were called Cimbri. For al- 
 tho’ the Cimbri (of whom it is likely our Cume- 
 vi of Britain were a part) did in that warlike 
 Age of the world, wherein the Soldier was the 
 only man of honour, rove from thofe parts of 
 Europe, as Pojjtdonius tells us, plundering all a- 
 long as they went, as far as the lake Mxotis ; 
 yet the word Cmber lignifies no more a 
 thi^‘, than Egyptian doth a fuperflitious perfon 
 Chaldean, an Aflrolpger,* or Sybarite, a nice de- 
 licate.hian. But becaitfe the feveral nations had 
 a general propeiifity to fuch or fuch things, the 
 Upon nation was applied to thofe who 
 
 Tompeius. agreed with tiiem in the fame humour. In this 
 CenRire of point, the great Oracle of Learning yofeph Sca- 
 Berofus. Hger conctixs with me. But as to Berofus, let no 
 
 man wonder that I make no ufe of him, from 
 whom our Writers have borrowed fo much af- 
 liftance. To declare my mind once for all, I 
 have no opinion of the authority of that hiflo- 
 ry, which pallcth under the name of Berofus. 
 
 F'or I am of the fame mind with feveral of the 
 mofl learned men of the prefent age, as Vola- 
 terranus, Vives, Antonins Augufiinus, Melchior Co- 
 nus, and efpecially Cafpar Varrerius who all of 
 them efteem it no better than a ridiculous in- 
 vention of fomeobfeure Impoftor. Varrerius, in 
 his cenfure of Ber^us printed at Rome, hath 
 faid enough in reafon to Ipoil any man’s opinion 
 of that Author. 
 
 This is my judgment concerning the original 
 of the Britains i or rather my conjedure. For 
 in matters of fo great antiquity, it is caller to 
 proceed by conjedure, than to offer at po- 
 fitive deterrhinations. Now, this account of 
 our defeent from {m) Comer and Gaule, feems 
 much more fubllanrial, more antient, and bet- 
 ter grounded, than that from Brutus and ‘troy. 
 
 Nay, I do not defpair to prove, that our Bri- 
 tains are really the oft-fpring of the Gauls, by 
 ar^ments taken from the name, fituation, re- 
 ligion, cuftoms, and language of both nations : 
 
 For in ail thefe, the moft ancient Gauls and the 
 Britains feem to have agreed, as if they had been 
 but one people. And, that I may prove this 
 aflertion, give me leave to make a laige digreflion. 
 
 As touching the Name, bccaufe I have fpo-xhe name, 
 ken of it before, thus much only fhall be re- 
 peated j That as the ancient were called 
 Comer ai. Comer ita, and bycontradion Cimbri', fo 
 likewife our BritainsvccQ called Cumeri and Kimbri. 
 
 Now, that the Gauls were called Gomeri, jofe- 
 phus and Zonaras, as I faid before, do both te- 
 ffify. And that they were alfo called Cimbri, 
 may be gather’d out of Cicero and Appian. 
 
 Thofe Barbarians, whom Marius defeated, Ci- 
 cero plainly terms Caius Marius {hithT>e Proconful. 
 
 he) gave a check to the Gaulifli forces, ivho -were 
 pouring into Italy. Now all Hiftorians agree, that 
 thefe were the Cimbri and the Coat-armour of 
 Beleus, their King, dug-up at Aix in Provence 
 where Marius routed them, docs evince the 
 fame. For thefe words, Beleos Chnbros, were en-Forcatulus 
 graven upon it in a ftrange charader. Alfo,out of the 
 Writers unanimouHy agree, that thofe were 
 Gauls, who under the condud of Brennus, 
 robb’d the Temple of Delphos in Greece ; and yet 
 that the fame were called Cimbri, we learn from 
 Appian in his Illyricks. ‘tlte Celta or Gauls, faith 
 he, vcho are called Cimbri. And now, I think 
 it needlefs to have recourfe to Lucan, who calls 
 the Ruffian that was hir’d to kill Marius, a 
 Cimbrian ; whereas Livy and others affirm him 
 to have been a Gaul : or to Plutarch, by whom 
 the Cimbri are called GaUofeythians ; or to Reine- 
 rus Reineccius, an e.xcellent Hiftorian, who 
 grounding upon Plutarch’s words in his Serto- 
 rius, is very pofitive that the Gauls and Cimhri- 
 ans us’d the fame language. Nor will I infill 
 upon that Cimbrian word, the only one to be 
 met with, which Pliny produces out of Pbile- 
 
 (ky A later writer is of opinion, that this is not the fenfe of Jofephus. For though (faj-s he^ Jofephus does fay, 
 that Gomer roas the father oj the GalatE ; yet it mufl be unierflood of thofe Galatx, loho invaded the Phrygians and. 
 pofejfed themfelves of tkeir Seats. Per by Gomer is meant Phrygia (ar Bochartus proves) and by Ezekiel it is placed 
 north of JudiXa, nigh toTogarmab. From thefe Gallogrxcia Galatia derived ^ all which is far enough 
 
 from being any part of- Gallia, properly fo called. Sammes Brit„ p. 1 1. 
 
 (ly And Plutarch, b-ttovo/^oc^sctj rsp^tsuoJ tsV Msds, i. e. the Germans call Robbers, Cimbri, And in the 
 
 German tongue, Kempher, Kemper, Kimber, and JCa/»per, according to different dialefts, lignify a Warriour j which 
 was formerly only another name for a Robber. 
 
 C«?) This opinion of peopling Britain from Gaule is oppofed by fome, who are inclin’d rather to think they 
 came from Germany p not only hecaufe Csfar, telling us the Inland Britains were Aborigines, feems to im* 
 ply that he could not difeover any thing of the Gaulifti tongue among them ; but alfo upon Tacitus’s inferring 
 from the nuke of their limbs, and other circumllances, that the Germans planted the moll northern parts of it. 
 
XV 
 
 XVI 
 
 B R I T A I N. 
 
 Morimarufa.mm, to wit, Morimamja, i. e. the dead fe^ 
 
 which is purely Britifll ; tor Afor iii the Britlfh 
 tongue tignifieth Sea, and Alarvj, deal 
 „ . Seeing therefore thefe Nations agree m their 
 
 The Sitoati- antieiit name ; whence can we conceive 
 
 that that name Oloiild pafs over into this Ifland, 
 but with the hrft Planters that came hither out 
 of Gaul; a country feparated from it by a very 
 narrow chanel ? For the w'orld was not peopled 
 ail at the lame time ; but it muft be granted as 
 a certain truth, that thofe countries which lay 
 iiearelf to the Mountains of Annema (where the 
 ark refted after the flood, and from whence 
 mankind was propagated) were firfl of ail in- 
 habited. As tor inflance, the Lejfer Afta and 
 Greece-y before Italy ; Ita,ly before Gaule j and 
 Britain. On tlois occafion, we may 
 chad of W<a- refleft with pleafure, how the great Creator; 
 vtgauon. when he IramM the world, contrived this con- 
 nexion between the feveral parts j and plac d 
 the Iflaitds at fuch convenient diftanccs, that 
 no one is fo remote, but that it is within a 
 clear view of home other laud. With this de- 
 fign, probably, that when countries ftiould come 
 to be over-burthen’d with people, they might 
 fee where to difeharge themfelves ; till, to the 
 glory of it’s Creator, the Univerfe in all its 
 parts fnould be replenifh'd with people. We 
 may therefore reafonably imagine, that the an- 
 tient Gmert were either pufh’d on by fuch as 
 prefs’d fbrxs ard for room, or fent abroad to eafe 
 an over-peopled country, or carry’d from home 
 by the natural itch which mankind hath ' to fee 
 foreign countries. Upon fome one or other of 
 thefe accounts, thofe antient Gomeri might pro- 
 bably at firfl: crofs die chanel into this our 
 Ifland, wliich lay fo near them, that they could 
 eaflly difeern it from the Continent. For Rea- 
 fon it felf tells us, that every country mufl have 
 received its firfl Inhabitants, rather from neigh- 
 bouring, than from remote places. Who would 
 not judge, that Cyprus had its firfl Inhabitants 
 from Afia, next to it i Crete and Sicilyy from their 
 neighbour Greece i CerficUy from ids neighbour 
 Italy ; and, to come nearer home, Zealand from 
 Germany which borders upon it i and Jfeland 
 from Norway ; rather than from the remote 
 parts of Tartary, or Mauritania ?In like man- 
 ner, why fhould we not think that our Britain 
 was peopled by the Gauls, which were our next 
 Neighbours ; rather than that the Trojans, Ita- 
 lians, Albans, or Bmtians, who lie at fuch a vaft 
 diflance, were the firftinhabitants? Nor indeed do 
 [Judicious] WTiters fetch the firfl Inhabitants of 
 Britain from any other place, than from Gaul its 
 next neighbour. The innennofi parts of Britain, 
 faith Cafar, are inhabited by thofe, vjho, according 
 to tradition, are believ’d to be Aborigijies ; the Sea- 
 Coafls, by fuch as came out of Belgium in Gaul on 
 purpofe to make new conquefis •, and thefe people qre 
 generally called by the names of the cities from whence 
 they came, now they are fettled in their new Planta- 
 tions. For there were in Britain, as well as in 
 Gaule, people called Belga, Atrebatii, Panfii, Ce- 
 mmanni, &c. Tacitus alfo faith, If -we conftderaU 
 drctmjlances, it is probable that the Gom\s jirft peo- 
 pled Britain, which lies fo near them. Bede too, 
 of all our writers the mofl conftant friend to 
 truth, gives this as his opinion : At firfl, faith 
 he, this Ifland was inhabited only by thofe Britains 
 {from whom alfo it took its name) who from Armo- 
 rica, as it is faid, crofled over into Britain, and 
 there planted themfelves upon the Southern Coafls. 
 I’he Annorican Brabi he calls the Sea-coaft of 
 Gaul, which lies direftly oppofite to our Ifland. 
 
 It makes alfo very much to our purpofe, what 
 Csefar relates ; how in his time Divitiacus, who 
 govern’d a great part of Gaul, had Britain at the 
 fame time under his Dominion. And what is 
 of yet greater moment, Pliny reckons the Britains in 
 or Britains, among the maritim people 
 Gaul, and places them over-againft our pUny have 
 of Britain, near the County of Bullen : which pot 
 
 alfo Dioiiyfius Afer, a more antient writer, hath Britanm. 
 done in thefe verfes, 
 
 >itoj 'Kvfj.a.fhjj Ijso ywylin vl^ovW 
 
 57t’ JlTTfl'yiO TSTgJiiWjWim, 
 
 Qiitctv^ X4X.^Toi po(^, eri&tt BpSTavcol 
 
 Asyjiob T6 ipuAis «/aov?cti dfeiu*tiuy 
 
 Near the great pillars o-n the fartheft land. 
 
 The old Iberians, haughty fouls, command 
 Along the Continent, where Northern Seas 
 Rowl their vafl tides, and in cold billows rife : 
 
 Where Britifl} nations in long trails appear. 
 
 And fair-skinn’d Germans ever fam’d in 
 
 For thefe words, * vS* Bp^xciwo}, [ where Britains J 
 feem to have refpeil to thofe other, MSx©- 
 hvei^io. And Euftathius, who wrote a Com- 
 ment upon him, thinks the Britains in Gaul to 
 be here meant ; tuv ^ 'BpiTdtrcav tutuy -TrA^vfMi «l 
 dnht^v BfiTAydlts v«cro/ ate his words, [and from 
 thefe Britains, the IJles of Britain over-againfl them 
 took their denomination.') But Avienus, and Stepha- 
 nas in his book of Cities, are of another opinion. 
 
 Moreover, there was one and the fame Reli- Religion; 
 gion in both thefe Nations. Among the Britains, 
 faith Tacitus, you will find the Religion of the 
 Gauls, and the people poJfefs*d with the fame fuper- 
 fiitions. The Gauls, faith Solinusi after a detefta- 
 hle manner, to the injury rather than the honour of - 
 Religion, offer d human Sacrifices. That the Bri- 
 tains did the very fame, amongfl others Dio 
 Cajflus affures us in his Nero. That both Na- 
 tions had alfo their Druids, appears plainly by Druid*; 
 Cafarand Tacitus ^ and out of the firfl, Ifhall 
 here infert an entire paflage concerning this 
 fubje(fl. The Druids are prejent at aU divine 
 ces, look after the Sacrifices publkk and private, and 
 interpret the tnylieries of religion. The youth in 
 great numbers apply themfelves to thefe Druids for 
 education and all perfons have a great reverence for 
 them. For generally in all controverfies, as well pub- 
 lick as private, it is they that make the determinati- 
 on : And whenever there is any outrage or murder 
 committed, when any fuites arife about eflates, or 
 difputes about bounds, all is left to their judgment. 
 
 They appoint rewards and punishments at their difere- 
 tion. If any, either private perfon, or body of peo- 
 ple, abide not by their decree, they forbid him the 
 Sacrifices. This, among them, is efieem’d the moft 
 grievous of all punifhments. They who are thus in- 
 terdibled, are reckon d the moft profligate of mankind; 
 all men fiudioufly decline their company and conver- 
 fation, and fhun their approach, as if they feared 
 fome infeSlion. They are excluded from the benefit of 
 the law, can fue no man, and are uncapahle of all 
 honours. Amo}0 all theje Druids, there is one Chief, 
 who hath the fupream authority. Upon his death, his 
 Succeffor is fome one oj the moft diftinguifh’ d merit 
 amongfl them, if there be any fuch ; but if there he 
 feveral of equal worth and merit, one fucceeds by the 
 eleBion of the Druids. Sometimes the Sword decides, 
 which party fhaU carry it. ThefeDrnids, at a Jet time 
 ^ery year, have a general affembly in the territory of the 
 Cariiutes, which lies about the midfl of Gaul, in a cer- 
 tainplace confecrated to that purpofe. Hither r^rt from 
 all pans fuch as have any controveffies depending ; and 
 they are wholly determind by the Druids, {n) Tins 
 fort 
 
 (h) If the difeipHneof xhc Druids, fo conlideraMe hofli fnr , j /-> ^ — 
 
 m found in Britain, and thence convey’d into Gall, does it feem to intiSaw'S' '' ^^far obferves. 
 
 Intimate that Britain mufl have been peo- 
 pled 
 
XVll 
 
 The firji Inhabitants. 
 
 xviit 
 
 Wn of religious frofeffm is tkougU to have been firfl 
 in Britain, and from thence carry d over into Gaul : 
 And even koiu, thofe that defire throughly to be in- 
 firucled in their myfteries,^ for the moji part go over 
 into Britain, "the Druids are exempt from all mi- 
 litary duties j nor do they pay tribute, like the refi of 
 the people. And as they are excufed from ferving in 
 the vjars, fo are they alfo from all other troublejojne 
 Offices lubatfoever. Thefe great privileges are the 
 cnufe that they have fo many difciples ; fome addrefs 
 tbemfelves to be admitted, others are fent to them by 
 their parents or kindred. ‘Time they make them 
 {oi it is Jaid) learn by heart a great number of ver- 
 fes and thus they continue under difcipline for feveral 
 years, not being allow d by their rules to commit what 
 they are taught to writing ; although in mofl other 
 affairs, both publick and private, they make ufe of 
 the (o) Greek CharaEier. 'This rule they have fettled 
 amongjl them, I fuppofe, for two reafons. Firji, be- 
 caufe they would not have the vulgar made acquainted 
 •with their myfiei-ious learning i and next, becaufethey 
 •would have their fcholars exercife their memories, and 
 not truji to what they have in writing as we fee it' 
 often happens, that when men rely too much upon that 
 help, their diligence in learning, and care in retain- 
 ing, do equally abate. One of the principal points 
 they teach, is, the Immortality and Iranfmigration of 
 Souls. And this doEirine, removing the fear of death, 
 they look upon as mofl proper to excite them to Courage. 
 They alfo make difcourfes to their Scholars concerning 
 the fiars and their motions, concerning the magnitude 
 of the heaven and the earth, the natures of things, and 
 the power and majefiy of the immortal Gods. Where- 
 upon Lucan thus addrelies hirafeit' to them, 
 
 Et VOS barbaricos ritus moremque finifirum 
 Sacrorum, Druida, pofitis repetijiis ab armis, 
 Solis noffe Deos, & cceli fydera vobis, 
 
 Aut folis nefcire datum : Nemora aha re- 
 motis 
 
 Incolitis lucis, vobis authoribus umbra 
 Hon tacitM Erebi fedes Ditifque profundi 
 Pallida regna petunt. Regit idem fpiritus 
 anus, 
 
 Orhe alio longa, canitis fi co^ita, vita 
 Mors media eji. Certe populi quos defpicit 
 ArElos, 
 
 Falices errore fuo, quos ille timorum 
 Maximus hand urget lethi metus ; inde ruendi 
 In ferrum mens prona viris, anhneeque capaces 
 Monis, & ignavum eft reditura parcere vita. 
 
 And you, O Druids, free from noife and 
 arms 
 
 Renew’d your barbarous rites and horrid 
 charms. 
 
 What Gods, what Powers in happy manfions 
 dwell 
 
 Or only you, or all but you can tell. 
 
 To fecret fhades and unfrequented groves, 
 
 From world and cares yourpeaceful tribe re- 
 moves. 
 
 You teach, that Souls, eas’d of their mortal 
 load, ( 
 
 Nor with grim Pluto make their dtrk abode, 
 
 Kor w^ander in pale troops along the filent' 
 flood : 
 
 But on new regions cafl: relume tlteir reign. 
 
 Content to got^rn earthy frames again. 
 
 Thus death is nothing but the middle line^ 
 
 Betwixt what lives will come, and what have 
 been. 
 
 Happy the people by your charms pofieft, 
 
 Kor tate, nor tears difturb their peaceful 
 breaft. 
 
 On certain dangers unconcern’d they run, 
 
 And meet with piealiire what they would not 
 fliun. 
 
 Defie Death’s flighted power, and bravely 
 fcorn 
 
 To fpare a life that will fo foon return. 
 
 By what name foever thefe Priells were known An O’ak in 
 to their Celta and to the Britains, in their own''^®^^^ 
 tongues ; tliis word Driiida feems derived from 
 a Greek original ; to wit, Apu?, an Oak : not 
 only becaufe they efleem’d nothing more facred 
 than the Mijfelto of an Oak ; whence Ovid wri- 
 teth thus. 
 
 At vifcum Druida, Druida elamare fole- 
 bant. 
 
 Run Druids to the Mijfelto, they fung. 
 
 but alfo becaufe their ufual refidence was in 
 groves, amongft Oaks j nor did they perform 
 any of their ceremonies without fome of the 
 branches or leaves of that Tree. This their 
 practice, P/:«y hath p.articularly defcrib’d i The 
 Druids (fo the Gauls call their men of Religion) 
 hold nothing more facred than the Millelto, and the 
 tree on which it grows’, provided it be an Oak. There- 
 fore they choofe folitary groves, wherein are no trees 
 but Oaks i nor do they perform any ceremonies without 
 * the branches or leaves of that Tree : So that fi-om * Fronde', 
 thence ( if we attend to the Greek fignification) they 
 may very well be thought to have taken the name of 
 DruideE. indeed, whatfoever they find \ growing to, ^ fidnafcatur 
 or upon an Oak, they take to be fent from Heaven, 
 and look upon it as a certain fign. That their God 
 hath made choice of that particular Tree for bimfelf. 
 
 But it is a thing ve^y rare to be met withal and 
 when it IS found, they refort to it with great Devoti- 
 In thefe ceremonies, they principally obferue, that 
 the Moon be juft fix days old ; with which they begin 
 the computation of their months and years, and of 
 that period, which with them is called an age, i. e. 
 thirty years compleat. And they choofe the fixth day, 
 becaufe they reckon the Moon is then of a confiderable 
 flrength, when floe is not as yet half full ; and they dimldia. 
 call it by a name anfwering to |1 All-heale. Toe fa- Omnia Sa- 
 crifice, and a feliival entertainment, being prepared nantcm. 
 under the Oak, they bring thither two white Bulls, 
 whofe horns are then, and not till then, tied. This 
 done, the Priejl habited in a white veHrnent, climbs 
 the Tree, and with a golden pruning-knife, cuts off 
 the Millelto, which is carefully received in a *' white * Candida 
 woollen cloth by them that attend below. Then they go. 
 proceed to kill the beaflsfor facrifice, and make their 
 prayers to their God, that he would blefs this kis 
 own gift to thofe to whom they fioaU difpenfe it. They 
 have a conceit that a decoBion of this Millelto, given 
 to any barren Animal, will certainly make it jruit- 
 
 pled before Gaul ; as having by longer experience arriv’d at a more compleat fchenie of religion and govern- 
 ment ? Bcfides, if our Ifland had been peopled from Caul^ would it not look probable, to fay they mutt bring 
 along with them the religion and difcipline of the place ? 
 
 {o) But from hence we muft not conclude that they had any knowledge of the Greek tongue. Nay, Csfar 
 Inmfclf, when he writ to (puintus deem, (befieg’d at that time fomewhere among the ’Servians) penn’d his Let- 
 ter in Greek, left it Ihoiild be intercepted, and fogive intelligence to the Enemy. Which had been but a poor 
 proieft, if the Druids (who were the great Minillers of State; had been niafters of that language. 1 he learned 
 Seldsn is of opinion, that the word GrttcU has crept into the copies, and is no part of the original. And it was 
 natural enough for Csfar, in his obfervations of the difference between the management of their difcipline, and 
 their other affairs ; to fay in general, that in one they made ufe of letters, and hot in the other, without ^eci- 
 ^•ing any particulars. 
 
jul : alfo, that it is a mofl foveraign antidote 
 aguinft all forts of poyfon. So much Religion do 
 people commonly place in T'rifles. It is farther 
 oblervable, I'hat Diodorus Siculus calls thefe 
 Pi’iefis ot the Gauls, in the fame fenfe, 
 a word llgnifying Oaks^ as all know who un- 
 derhand the Greek tongue. And Maximus 
 Tyrius \\ rites, I’hat the Celts or Gauls voor- 
 fhip fupher i of whom they make the highefl Oak, 
 laith he, to be the repnfemation. It may alfo 
 leem to proceed from the Druidsy that our Saxon 
 AnceRors (as we read inAIf'ric)calRd a Magici- 
 an in their language, Dpy. If you have a mind 
 to be farther informed concerning thefe things, 
 'you may confult Meluy LaBamius, Eufebius de 
 Praparatione Evangelkay and the Comedy Aulu- 
 laria ot Pfeudoplautus. 
 
 Among their Religious, the Gauls had alfo 
 ^ardi. their Bards j whole office it was to ling to the 
 harp the fongs they had made upon the Exploits 
 of famous men ; on which account the fame 
 Lucan thus fpeaks to them, 
 
 Vos quoque qui fortes animas beUoque pe- 
 7-emptas 
 
 Laudibus in hngum vates dimittitis avumy 
 
 Plurima fecuri fudiftis carmina Bardi. 
 
 And you, old Bards, who made it all your 
 care 
 
 To fing of War, and Men renowned in war. 
 
 When Peace returning rais'd your joyful 
 tongue. 
 
 Secure continu’d your immortal Song. 
 
 The fame fort of Men have the fame name 
 among the modern Britains. For they now 
 call fuch Men Bards j who, befides this their 
 Poetical function, do alfo apply themfelves par- 
 ticularly to the Rudy of Genealc^ies. But there 
 is no account left us, whether the Britains be- 
 liev d, as the Gauls did, that they were def- 
 cended from Dis. For this reafon it was, that 
 the Gauls always reckon’d by nights and not 
 by days, and fet the night before the day in 
 their account of time. And in this point, it 
 is certain, our Britains agreed with them ; for 
 that Ipace of. rime A\hich the Latins call Septi- 
 mana, and tv. o Septimanas, the WelHi term PEt- 
 thnos, i. e. eight nights, and Pymthec-nos, 
 fifteen nights, (p) 
 
 Their com- Likewife both nations feem to have fallen into 
 mon-wealth, one and the fame form of government; for nei- 
 ther of them was under the mle of a Angle per- 
 fon ; but as Gaul, fo allb Britain, had many 
 kings. And as the Gauls, upon extraordinary 
 emergencie.s, us’d to call a publick Council of 
 tlie whole nation, and chufe one to be Com- 
 mander in chief ; fo the Britains did the very 
 fame upon the like occafions, as we gather 
 from thefe words of Cafar, "The chief command, 
 laith he, and managemestt of the war was by unani- 
 * Caffibelli- confent committed to * Calfivellaunus. 
 tT- nations unlike in their man- 
 
 i^heir Man- „ers, cuRoms, and ^^•ays of living. Both were 
 Rout and warlike ; both delighted in blood, 
 and both of equal boldnefs and bravery, whe- 
 ther in Engagements, or in expofing themfelves 
 to other dangers ; as we find by Strabo, Taci- 
 
 tus, Dioh, Herodian, and others. In their man- 
 ners and cufioms, faith Strabo, the Britains are 
 fomething like the Gauls ; and immediately he 
 adds. As to their fighting,they are for the. mofi part 
 fierce and crueU like fame oj the Gauls, With him 
 Tacitus agrees, Tfhe Britains, that part of them 
 which the Romans have not yet conquer’d, ftill 
 remain fuch as the Gauls were formerly. And in 
 another place,. T'be Britains are next to the Gauls, 
 and much like them. Mela tells us. That the Bri- 
 tains, when they fought, were armed after the 
 falhion of the Gauls. 
 
 The Britains, fays Strabo, in their wars, us’d 
 a great number of chariots, an do fome of the 
 Gauls. 
 
 It was the cuftom of both nations, in the field, 
 to draw up their men diRiiift, according to their 
 Provinces ; that the feveral People might have 
 an opportunity to fignalize their valour. That 
 this was the' praftice of the Gauls, appears by 
 that place in Cafar ; T"he Gauls, faith he, drawn 
 up in diRinft Bodies, according to their feveral cities, 
 Jecured the fords. Tacitus affirms the fame of the 
 Britains, in the figiit of Caratacus, 'the troops 
 of the feveral Countries flood before the fortifica- 
 tions. 
 
 the Gauls, faith Strabo, are of a quick docile 
 wit, and readily take any fort of learning. Nor 
 were the Britains herein inferiour to them ; 
 nay. Agricola, in Tacitus, prefers their parts 
 and ingenuity, before that of the Gauls ;/o that 
 the fame Britains, who formerly rejeBed even the 
 Roman language, were now become admirers of 
 Eloquence. 
 
 1 hat the Gauls were a well-meaning honefis 
 People, we have Strabo*s authority ; and the 
 fame is implied in Tacitus, concerning the Bri- 
 tains, where he tells us, that they chearRiIly and 
 readily bore the levies both of Men and mo- 
 ney, and all other burdens impofed upon them 
 by the Empire, if they intermix’d not injuries 
 and provocations. 
 
 Csfar relates, that the Gauls were much in- 
 clined to alterations in Government, out of a 
 natural inconftaiicy and levity. The Britains 
 in like manner, faith Tacitus, were divided in- 
 to feveral parties and factions. 
 
 By means of this levity of the Gauls, which 
 Caslar calls by the gentle name of Infirmity 
 at laft became fo credulous, that the Credulity of 
 grew proverbial, and gave occafion to 
 that ot the Poet, 
 
 Et tumidm Galla credulitatefruar. 
 
 And be a Gaul in fond credulity. 
 
 Neither in this refpeft liave our Britains dege- 
 nerated ; for they have an ear always open to 
 every idle Rory, and, out of a fuperftitious fear 
 or hope, give credit to the fillieR Predifti- 
 
 We read in Strabo, that the Gauls would 
 be highly concern’d, when they faw any abufe 
 That the 
 
 bympathy dwells m our Britains, above any 
 other nation, is a thing fo notorious, and fo 
 commonly obferved, that it needs no proof. 
 
 And whereas Jircfio obferves, tliac the Britains worlb\>’d 
 atove any other ; Sir Henry Spelman concludes from tSenT that Goddeffes, 
 
 , lointert ; and that the winter particularly was conOfra^».^ ■ r reckoning by nishts and 
 
 rear™, the feed. 
 
 if" :■! 
 
xxi 
 
 jimbadi. 
 
 Welch. 
 
 IBracht. 
 
 Language. 
 
 The firft Inhabitants. 
 
 XXll 
 
 The Gauls-y as we find in C^far, according to 
 their dijlmciionf/om the refi either in birth or riches, 
 had in proportion fo many more feruants and depen- 
 dants in their retinue ; thefe they call’d Ambaiti j 
 and this was the only piece of State amongjl them. 
 Nor do our Britifh Nobility or Gentry, at this 
 day, account any thing fo honourable as a great 
 retinue from whom it is thought the Englifli 
 learnM to travel with fuch troops of Atten- 
 dants. In which humour, not long iince, tliey 
 far outwent all other Europeans. 
 
 Cfffar and Strabo both tell us, that the Hou- 
 fes of the Britains were in all points like thofe 
 of the Gauls, and feated in the midif of 
 woods. 
 
 The Gauls, as Strabo writes, wore chains of 
 gold about their necks ,• and Eunduka the Britiffo 
 Queen (faith Xiphilin} 'xore a golden chain, "with 
 a garment of many colours. Nor is that fort of 
 ornament any where more in ufe in our days, 
 than ill this Ifland, amongft us and our modern 
 Britains. 
 
 That both the Britains and the Gauls wore 
 a Ring upon their middle finger, we learn from 
 Pliny. 
 
 Sti-abo obferves. That the Gauls took a pride 
 in having long Hair. Cxfar tells us. That the 
 Britains wore their hair at full length. 
 
 ^ It appears from feveral Authors, that the 
 
 .. xcvcxax ^^aor., mat tne mitains ana (sauls, lairh he, difer not much in their 
 
 Gauls ufed a certain fort of Garment, which fpeech. Upon thefe reafons. Beam Rhenanus, Gef- 
 
 in their language they called .• that thefe 
 were alfo common to our Britains, is proved 
 by that Verfe of Martial, 
 
 Quam neteres Eracba Britonis Pauperis. 
 
 Then the coarfe Bracba the poor Britains 
 wore. 
 
 I pafs over what Silius Italicus writes of the 
 Gauls, 
 
 Quinetiam ingenio fluxi, fed printa feroces 
 
 Vanilocpuum Celt a gems ac mutahile mentis. 
 
 And talking^ Celta, changeable and vain. 
 
 All fire at firft, but foon grown cold a- 
 gain. 
 
 becaufe thefe qualities are common to moft n.a- 
 tions. I might here give many more inftances 
 of the great agreement there was, between thefe 
 two nations j but I forbear, left what I fay 
 Ihould give occafion of fcandal to ill-natur'd 
 people. Befides, I alw'ays lik’d that nile, Mo- 
 deration is good in every thing ; and perhaps this 
 argument from a community of manners, will 
 be reckon’d but an argument of the weaker 
 fort. 
 
 But now we come to the Language j a parti- 
 cular, upon which the main ftrefs of this con- 
 troverfie lies, as being the fureft evidence of the 
 original of any nation. For there is no man, 
 I fuppofe, but will readily allow, that thofe 
 People who fpeak the fame Language, muft ne- 
 ceflarily be derived from one common original. 
 For inftance, fuppofe all our Hiftories that ever 
 were wTitten, had been loft, and no Author 
 
 had told us, that we EngUjh are defeended from 
 the Germans, or the natural .Sco/rfrom the Irifh; 
 or the Britains o£ Bretagne in France, from our 
 Britains of this Hlaiid j yet the affinity of lan- 
 guage alone would maiiifeftly prove it j na)',‘ 
 would be of much more weight, than the au- 
 thority of the beftHiftorians. If therefore I can 
 make it appear, *that the ancient Gauls and our* 
 
 Britains Ipoke the fame language ,• the confe- pinion of If. 
 quenceis undeniable, that they moft certainly had Pontanus, in 
 the fame original. Nor is it of any confeQuence9^"“^®"’^ 
 in this cafe, w'hat Cxfar hath written, that the 9®* 
 
 Gauls themfelves ipoke divers languages j iince 
 Strabo tells us, that they differed only in Dia^- 
 leEl. They did not all, faith he, ufe a language 
 every way the fame, but in fame fmaU matters va- 
 ry d from^ one another. But tliat the language of 
 the ancient Gauls was the fame with that of 
 the Britains (making allow'ance for fome fmall 
 variety in the Dialect) we may reafonably infer 
 from Ctefar, where he writes, that it was ufnal 
 for the Gauls, w'ho would be throughly inftru- 
 ded in the Difcipline of the Druids, to go over 
 into Britain to our Druids to learn it. Now, 
 feeing the Dmids had no Books, ofneceffity we 
 muft conclude that their inftrudions were given 
 in the language which was ufed by the Gauls. 
 
 And this, Cornelius Tacitus e^refly affirms. The 
 Britains and Gauls, faith he, di^^ not much in their 
 
 ner, Hottoman, Peter Daniel, Picardsu, and all o- 
 thers who have fearched into the depths of An- 
 tiquity, concur with me in this opinion : Ex- 
 cept iome few, who are very earneft to have 
 it believed, that the Gauls fpoke the German 
 language. But that no man may ever be able In thefe 
 hereafter to perplex this Truth, I will make a words I made 
 colledion of ancient Gaulifh words, as many theBri- 
 at leaft as can be met w'ith in Authors j (for 
 the body of that language hath been long fince and 
 
 bury d in oblivion.) And it will foon appear another old 
 that yery many of them, without the leaft 
 ftraining, nay, with much eaie and fcarce any 
 alteration, agree very well with our Britiih 
 words, both in found and fenfe. 
 
 That Divona in the Gaulifh tongue, fignifies DIvona. 
 the Fountain oj the Gods, weliaveAuionius’s Au- 
 thority in that Verfe of his concerning a Foun- 
 tain at Boiirdeaux, 
 
 Divona Celtarum lingua fons addite Divis. 
 
 Divona fountain of the Gods in Gaul. 
 
 Now’, our Britains call God ( j ) Dyw, and a 
 fountain Vonan ; of which two words Divonan 
 is a compound, turn’d according to the Latin 
 idiom, for verfe-fake, into Divona. 
 
 We find in feveral Authors, that Jupiter, 
 whom from Thunder the Greeks call’d 
 and the Latins Tonans, i. e. Ti^e Thunderer, was 
 worfl^’d by the Gauls under the name of 
 (y) Taranis. Now Taran in Britifh fignifies r<ir-w« 
 Thunder .; and fuitably to this fenfe, the Ger- 
 mans may be conceived to have given Jupiter 
 the name of Thonder ; for, they call T’huriday 
 Thoitderdach, as much as to fay, The Thunderers 
 day. 
 
 i„ the fame fe„e ; 
 
 it a modern ^yriter, as putting Tw inflead ofTarasnU, on purpofe to reconcile 
 
 r«d?n! ; c /hunderer. The charge u too heavy, unlefs he had proved his Tarawis to be the true 
 
 reading, which I do not find attempted ; and why inayitnot as well be faid that he efpoufed that reading, to 
 make It agree better with the PhcBnician Tarew ? The Cbefter- Altar f the infeription whereof fee in Cbellnre ) 
 which gives Jupiter the title of Tanarus, feems to favour our Author’s conjeflure. For, Taran being the Britilh'^ 
 
 * 'I'lie 
 
XXIV 
 
 XXIU 
 
 BRITAIN. 
 
 Hejus. 
 
 Ituidtes, 
 
 Tuefday. 
 
 Lib. i. 
 
 Dufii. 
 
 The Giiuls hfid another God, called by Lu- 
 can (s) Hefm, by LaBantim (0 7}^" 
 
 thor of the Qiierolm termed him tlie Barhng 
 becaule he was pidur’dinthe fliape ot a 
 Dog. Now (w) //«22damong our modern Bntains 
 
 ^ It is very certain, that the Gauls worfhiped 
 Mercury., under the name of 'feutatesy as the In- 
 Arts, and the Guide, to Travellers. 
 And (w) Du-of-laith in the Britifll, imports as 
 much as The God of Journeys. Nor am I igno- 
 rant, that Mercury, by Plato, in bis Phsodrus 
 and Philebm, is called T/ieut. Tho I kn<w, 
 fome will have Teutates to be the German lu- 
 ifco mention'd in Tacitus, and the lame with 
 Marsi and that from him, we who are delcen- 
 ded from the Germans, call Mars s day, 
 day. Concerning thefe three Gods of the Gauls, 
 take, if you pleafe, thefe three Verles ot 
 Lucan. 
 
 Et quibus irnmitis placatur fariguine diro 
 *IeutateSi Imrenfque feris akaribm Hefmy 
 Et T^aranis Scythica non mitior ara Dianne. 
 
 And thofe vile wretches that with human 
 blood 
 
 leutates and fierce HefmS altars load, 
 
 And barbarous Taranis his fhrine that vies 
 With curft Dianas Scythian cruelties. 
 
 Cajfatte. 
 
 GeJTi. 
 
 Cefum. 
 
 We learn from Sr. Auftin and Ifidore, that the 
 foul Spirits, commonly called Incubi, were ter- 
 med by the Gauls Dujii, becaufe they daily and 
 continually praftife their uncleannefles. _Now 
 that which is Coitinual and dailyy the Britains 
 do ftiil exprefs by the word (3;) Dyth. 
 
 Pomponius Mela writes, That a fort of Re- 
 ligious Women, devoted to the fervice of a 
 certain Deity in Gaul under a Vow of perpe- 
 tual Virginity, were by them called Sena. I 
 would rather read it (y ) Lena, if I might be 
 allow’d. For, thofe Religious Virgins whom 
 wc call Nuns, the Britains, as we find in an 
 ancient Gloflary, called (sj) Leanes ; from whence 
 came originally tin.’ name of Lean-minBer, now 
 LemBer, a very ancient Nunnery among the 
 Britains. 
 
 The Gauls, faith Polybius, called their mer- 
 cenary foldiers, Gajfata. And the Britains at 
 this day call their hired Servants {a) Guejjtn. 
 
 Servius tells us, that valiant men were by 
 the Gauls called Gefji ; and Guajfdewr a- 
 mong the Britains lignifics a flout and valiant 
 man. 
 
 To which alfo may be referred Gefum, a wea- 
 pon proper to the Gauls, as Pilum Avas to the 
 Romans, and Framea to the Germans. But of 
 this, by and by. 
 
 As Phalanx was the proper Name of a Legi- 
 on among the Macedonians, fo was Caterva u-Cmrvn. 
 mong the Gauls, as you may fee in Vegetius. 
 
 Nor is this word yet out of date among our 
 Britains, who term a Troop ( c) Caturfa •, and 
 war, Kad ; and the warlike ftreiigth ol a Le- 
 gion, Naderne : in fome Copies of Vegetius it 
 is read Catema. » 3 /- . • 
 
 To this Kad may not improperly bd reterr d 
 Cateia, which was a fort of warlike weapon a- 
 mong the Gauls, as you have it in Ifidore. 
 
 (d) Gejfa, a Gaulifll weapon, is interpreted Gejfa. 
 by Se)’”Jipi 6 a Spear or Pike j to which the Bri- 
 tifh ( e ) Cetbilou feems to be a-kin ; and that 
 ( according to Ninnius’s expofition ) fignifies 
 flakes burnt at the ends, as alfo, a luarlike feed or 
 generation. 
 
 Paufanias tells us, that the Gauls whom Breii- 
 nus led into Greece, calfd that fort of fight 
 v.‘hich confifls of three Horfes [a breafl^ T^ri- Trimarcia, 
 marcia. For an horfe, faith he, wm among the 
 Gauls called Marca. Now this^ is pureiy a Bri- 
 tifh. word for Fri with them fignifies three, and 
 March, a horfe. 
 
 In the fame Book, Paufanias wiites, that the 
 Gauls call’d theirown Country-Shields, Tljireoi 
 which to this day tlie Britains call Farian. 
 
 Csfar relates in his Ephemerides or Journals, 
 as Ave have it from Sert'ius, that once being ta- 
 ken by the enemy in Gaul, and carry ’d away 
 on horfeback in his armour, they were met by 
 a Gaul that knew him, AV'ho infultingly cry'd 
 out Cetos Cafar, which in the Gaulifh language Cetosi 
 was as much as to fay. Let go Cafar. Now, 
 
 (/ ) Geduch among the Britains, is a word of 
 the fame import. 
 
 Rheda among the Gauls, faith Quintilian, is JLhd*'* 
 a word of the fame fignification as Caruca (i. e. 
 a Chariot) among the Latins. This Avord is 
 not noAv to be found in the Britifh Tongue ; 
 but it is apparent that it hath been in it by 
 the Avords at this day us’d ; Rbediad (a courfe) 
 
 (g) Rhedec (to run) and Redecfa (a race.) For, 
 that all thofe came originally from Rheda, is 
 beyond difpute. Nor fliould I think it ab- 
 furd, to deduce Eporedta, the name of a City Eporeii*. 
 among the Salajfl, from the fame original 5 fince 
 Pliny faith it took that name from Horfe-ta- 
 mers. 
 
 There was alfo another fort of Chariot, much 
 us’d in both nations, and call’d by one name, 
 
 Co-vinus, and the driver of it Covinarim. And covings. 
 tho’ the AA'ord is loft, and the Chariot too, yet 
 the Primitive thereof, if I may fo fay, remains 
 among our Britains j in whofe language the 
 Avord A'otuam fignifies (A) to carry in a Wagon. 
 
 Effedum was alfo a Gaulifh Wagon, or rather 
 a Chariot fitted for the Avars; Avhich Propertius, 
 as Avell as Ca:far, attributes to the Britains: 
 
 CO and Ha^issn the Syrian Ungaige is firongani powerful inwar. Sammes’s Brit. p.6r. 
 
 (t) ffeus, Mr. Samnies thinks ought not to be put the fame with ffefiis, but rather, that he is confounded by La* 
 ftartius with the known name of Bacchus and Hues, worlhiped in thefe parts. See p. 62. 
 
 («) Huai in Britifh is now obfolcte ; but Bathuai (which is a Compound of it, is their common word for a 
 hound ; viz. from Baedhu, to bait ; and huad, a dog. The Englifh ufe (0 where the Germans have (s) as, foot, 
 fus ; white ; weir; water, wajfer, and the fame difference might poflibly be between the Gaulifh and Britifh, 
 
 (to) Duw-Eaith, is the true writing. 
 
 fx) It is djdh ; but the relation between that and Dujii, feems to be too much forc’d. 
 
 iy) This reading cannot be allow’d ; for, befides that Mela exprefly fays Seng, He alfo tells us they vvere 
 called by the Gauls Ceng ; now the pronunciation of (s) and (c) is fo near, that it makes no difference. 
 
 (Y) Lheian in Britifh is a "Nun. But (s) and (th) are libilating Letters 5 fo that Sene and Lbeian may poffibly 
 have had the fame original, though their initials be different, 
 
 (a) Gwds, a Servant; Gwefin a petty Servant. (i) Cuafdewr fignifies a flout Servant. 
 
 (f) Catjrva or Katerva, at this day denotes in BritUh an injinite number : but formerly it is probable it lignified . 
 a vad army, for Kid does not imply war in general, but a fet-battle ; and Kaiarn is firong. 
 
 (d) Concerning <?cj/a, Rheda, Covinua, Ejfedttm, Cateia, Bracha, Petoritum, words alledg’d by Mr. Camden to 
 confirm his opinion ; fee more in Voffius de Vitiis Serm. lib, 1. c. 2, and 3. 
 
 (e) This is long fince obfolete. But if it ever was the fame with the Gaulifh Ges, we muft fuppofe it a com* 
 pound, from Kerb, a word that might fignifie a Hart or Spear, and C7/w, hot embers. 
 
 (f) GadwebGaifar, fignifies in Britifh, Cafarem dimittite: is Kedwch [or Cedweb'] Gaifar, cujlodite Cafarem. 
 
 (g) Rhtdeg in Britifh. ih) To carry corn from the fields to the barn. 
 
 EJfeda 
 
XXV 
 
 The firji Inhabitants. 
 
 xxvi 
 
 EJfeda calatis Jtfie Britama jugis. 
 
 Arid flop the BritiJJ) Chariots wth engra- 
 ven yokes. 
 
 Chdut. Orchis is a ^^•ind, very V'cll known by that 
 name, to which Auguftus Ca:far not only vow d, 
 blit actually built, a Temple in Gaul. Now 
 Phavorinus, a Gaul by birch, declares in A- 
 gellius, that it is a word of Gallic original. 
 Our Gauls, faith he, call by the name of Circius, 
 that wind, vthich blovts from their ou'b coafi, and. 
 vthich is the fierufl in all thofe parts ; fo named, 1 
 fuppvfe, from its bluflering and 'whirling. It is cer- 
 tain, chat this particular wind is more raging 
 and violent than any other : And that Cyrch a- 
 mongft our modern Britains fignifies force and 
 'Violence, (i) plainly appears by the Welch-Litany. 
 Penninus. From Lity we learn, that the Pennine Alps, by 
 Cjtfar call’d Summa Alpes, as over-topping the 
 rdf, took not that name from Annibal Punus 
 [i. e. the Carthaginian] but from the very high- 
 eft Mountain thereabouts, the top whereof was 
 confecrated, and had tlie name of Penninus given 
 it by the Mountaineers of Gaul. Now the 
 (k) tops of Mountains af e called Pen by our Bri- 
 jpennlnm. tains at this day : For inftance, (/) Penmon-maur, 
 Pendle, Pen, Perxoh-chud, and (w«) Pennigent, the 
 higheft mountains among us, have all borrow’d 
 their names from this word : and fo hath alfo 
 the Apennine in Italy. 
 
 Armorica. Xhe Cities of Gaul, which border upon the 
 fca, C$far tells us, were call’d by the Gauls A- 
 rcniorica; with whom our modern Britains agree, 
 in applying the fame word exactly in the fame 
 way. For Armor with themfigniries By the Sea, 
 or Upon the Sea. And in the very fame notion 
 Strabo calls them in Greek ’ATr&DCfav/J’ctf. 
 
 In the reign of the Emperor Dioclefian, the 
 Peafants in Gaul raifed a rebellion, and gave 
 Saucadx. their party the name of (n) Baucada. Now, 
 Swine-herds and Rufticks are called (o) Beichi- 
 ad by the Britains. 
 
 'I'he Thieves of their own Country, faith Si- 
 Vargie^ L, 4. donius, are called by the Gauls, Varga. Now, I 
 % have obferved in the Gloflary of the Church of 
 
 Llandafte, that ‘Thieves w'ere formerly called 
 
 (p) Veriad in Britifli. 
 
 AUobtoges. Allobroga, faith that"antient and excellent 
 
 Scholiaft upon Juvenal, were fo called, becaufe 
 Brog* among the Gauls JigniJies a Country, and 
 
 (q) Alla, another j as being tranflated thither 
 from fome other country. Now, Bro in ^V^elch 
 fignifies a Country, and {r) Allan, without or 
 extraneous fo that the Etymology is juft the 
 fame in both languages. 
 
 There is, faith Pliny, an hei'b like Plailtain, 
 GJaJium. called by the Gauls Glaftum ; with w'hich, wri- 
 
 ters tell us, the Britains us’d to paint them- 
 felves. Tltis is the herb which we now call 
 bVoad : It makes a blue or sky colour, which Woad, 
 colour is called G/as by the Welch to this day. 
 
 This herb, according to Pliny, w'as by the 
 Greeks Called ^atis ; and the DyerS termed it //at/s. 
 Vitrum, as we learn from Oribalius. Out of The Herb 
 whom Pomponius Mela may eafily be corredsd, 
 by inferting vim inftead of ulm, in that place 
 where he faith, Britanni, Sec. ultro corpora infe~ 'Pomp. Meli 
 Bi, that is, it is uncertain ■whether it were for orna- corrected. 
 tnent, or fome other end, that the Britains dyed their 
 bodies with Vitrum, or Woad. 
 
 The Gallatha, [in Afia Minor] who fpake the 
 fame language with our antient Gauls, as we 
 learn from St. Jerom, had a little fhrub which 
 they call’d Coccus, wherewith they made a deep Coccus, 
 red or fcarlet colour j .and that very colour is *at 
 this day called Cocb in the Britifli language. 
 
 That the Brachee was a fort of li.abit common Brackx. 
 to the Gauls and Britains, we have Ihewn be- 
 fore. Diodorus Siculus deferibes thefe Bracha 
 to be a fort of coarfe party-colour’d garment. 
 
 Now, foul tatter’d deaths are by the prefent 
 Britains called (s) Brafi. 
 
 If Laina was an old Gaulifti Word, as is hin- Zaiaa, 
 ted in that place of Strabo, The Gauls weave 
 themfelves thick coats of coarje wood, which they call 
 Lainx the Britains have not departed much 
 from it, who now call wooll, by the name of 
 (f) Glawn. 
 
 Feftus Pompeius tells us, that («) Bardus, in Bardus. 
 the language of the Gauls, fignifies a Singer : 
 and that word is abfolutely Britifii. 
 
 We learn out of Martial and others, that Bar- BardocucuPus, 
 docucudus was a fort of garment worn by the 
 Gaulifh B.irds : now as ( x ) Bard, fo the other 
 part of that word, remains entire among the 
 modern Britains, who call a cloak (y) Cucul. 
 
 Gaul, faith Pliny, yieldeth a peculiar fort of corn, 
 which the natives cad Brance, we Sandalum, a very Brand, 
 fine fort of grain. Among the Britains likewife, 
 a fort of grain which yields a pure w’hite flow- 
 er, is call’d (z.) Guineth Vranc, and with us, in 
 Norfolk, Branke, 
 
 The Herb, which the Greeks from its five 
 leaves call Pentaphydon, was by the Gauls called 
 Pempedula, as we find in Apuleius.'^ow, (a)Pymp PempeduU. 
 in Britifli fignifies five, and Deilen a Leaf. 
 
 As Pymp iorfive, fo Petor was the word among 
 tlie Gauls for jour ; as we learn from Feftus, who 
 will have Petoritumi a Gauiifti chariot or wag- Petoritum, 
 gon, to be fo nam’d from its four wheels. Now, 
 the word Pedwar fignifies four among the Bri- 
 tains. {b) 
 
 Among the wooden inftruments, the Canteri- 
 um of the Latins (the fame which we in Englifh 
 call a Leaver, ) was call’d ( faith Ifidore ) by 
 
 (i/And fo Kyrch-vjynt would lignifie a violent joind-, but wliy Circ alone Ihould /igniile that particular piece 
 of violence, there is no reafon. 
 
 fi) And alfo Promontories. 0 ) The true writing is Pen maen mattr. (/«) Which is poffibly a Cor- 
 
 ruptioh from Penygtoynt, which (ignifies a voindy Promontory, 
 
 \n) They are called by diiferent Authors Bagauda, Vacauda, Bacaudee ; nor fas Salvianus witnefleth) did they 
 confill wholly of Country-people or Swine-herds, but of many of the better fort too, who, being intolerably op- 
 prefs’d by the Romans, were forced to take Arms. SeeSammes Brit. p. 64. 
 
 fo; It fignifies no more than the bellcwing cf Oxen \ nor does it appear that it ever exprefTed a Neatherd. 
 
 (p) There is no word in Britilh beginning with V confonant, but inftead of that they make ufe of Gw. How- 
 ever, were there any fuch as Gweriad or Veriad, it feemstoo remote from Varga. 
 
 Sq) Alla ( fays Sammes) does not fignifie another in french, but only in Greek ; and the Britifli Bro comes from 
 the Phcenlcian Baro, in the fame fenfe. 
 
 fr; Alh in compofition fignifies another, as alhtudh extraneus. Alhtvrcich in old Britifli might alfo fignify the In- 
 habitants of the mountains. 
 
 Brattian', and from thence by our North-country-men Brats. (t) Gwlan in Britifli is wocl. 
 
 iu) Concerning the manner of their finging, Quantities of^their verfts, fee Drayton’s Polyolb. p. 67, as 
 Selden there quotes it from Dr. Pewel, as alfo p. 97. (x) Barah in Britifli, Vates. (y) Cochol, cucullus. 
 
 (^) Gwenith tfrank in Britifli ; but it is a modern word, and fignifies French-wheat, fo that we muft not fanfy it 
 to have any relation to the Gaulifli Brance. 
 
 (4) Piimp-dail in Britifli is quinque folia. (b) And (which makes the relation greater) Rhei is rota. 
 
 d fhe 
 
XXVll 
 
 BRITAIN. 
 
 xxvia 
 
 Guam. the Cauli Giiuia ; and it is now call’d (c) Gnij 
 ill Welch. 
 
 Bitiilla. Betulla, Plin)' faith, was a Gaulifli tree ; we , 
 call it Birch. He would fay it was a BritiJJj tree 
 too, it he were now alive : for it grows-, very 
 plentifully in Britain ; and is called in Welch 
 (d) Bedw. 
 
 Wine diluted with water, Athen^us faith, 
 Dercoma. the Gauls called Dcrcoma i and Dtar iignifies 
 water among our Britains. 
 
 In like manner (not to trouble you with too 
 many inftances) Fearne, according to Diofeori- 
 des, was called Rons by the antient Gauls; and 
 is now by the Britains called {e) Redin. The 
 Scovks. Elder-tree was called Scovies by the Gauls ; and 
 now by the Britains (/) ifeaw. Serratula in 
 Vston'ica. Latin, in Gaulifli Vetonicay is now (^) by the 
 Britains, and by us alfo, called Betmy. That 
 which in Pliny the Latins call’d F’erra adepSy 
 i. e. the fatnefs of the earth, and the Gauls 
 Marga. MargUy is by our Britains call’d Marie. Tliat 
 which the Latins call Candida Margay white 
 Cl'ifcomarga. Marie, and the Gauls Glijeomargay might pro- 
 bably be call’d Ghtyfmarl by the Britains : for 
 Tiipeiia. Gluys in Welch is bright or Jhining. Tripetiay a 
 word in Sulpitius Stverus, faid to be ufed by 
 the Gauls for a three-footed Jiooly is by the Bri- 
 tains termed (h) Tribet. The meafure of loo 
 foot, was, called by the Gauls, according to 
 Canktum. Columellay Candetum ; in Britifh it is ( / ) Can- 
 troed. We read in Suetonius, that the bill or 
 Becco. beak of a bird was by the Gauls called Bec- 
 co ; the fame is called {k ) Pic by the Bri- 
 tains. 
 
 Nor fiiould I be fo wild in my conjedures, 
 as Goropius is, if I fhould fanfy fome likenefs 
 Calba. betw'een Suetonius’s Galbay which fignifies one 
 o'uer-faty and the Britiili word (/) Gallumy de- 
 noting One of a 'very bigjiz^: Or Verrius Flac- 
 Bulga. cus’s Bulga for a leathe^-n Budgety and the Bri- 
 Sojdurii. tifh w'ord ( tn ) Batjiet ; or Soldurit in Ca;far 
 (which, in him, are fuch as had vow’d to live 
 and die together) and (j;) Sowdiwr ; or Pliny’s 
 Tlanarat, Planarat, tor a Plow, and ( o ) Araty which in 
 Britifli fignifies the fame thing ; or Ifidore’s 
 Taxea. Fa%eay for Lard, and the Britifli {p) Few ; or 
 Ziikurny Diodorus Siculus’s and their (5') Cider', 
 
 Cyder. qj. Cervijiay [ beer ] and Keirchy i. e. Oats, of 
 which the Welch in many places make beer; or 
 rather (r) Cwrwfy which we in Englifli call 
 Ale. 
 
 That all thefe words properly belong’d to the 
 antient Gauls, appears by the Authors we have 
 cited ; and you lee how exattly they agree in 
 found and lignification with our Britifli words. 
 The ends of Another Argument is, that fince the antient 
 the names of names of places in both kingdoms had the fame 
 places; tcrmiiiatior.s,to w it, Dunum.y Brivuy Ritumy Du- 
 mmy Magv.Sy &c. it may be inferr’d that thofe 
 Nations could not be wholly different. For 
 this is a convincing evidence, that we Englifli 
 are dcfcended trom the Germans, becaufe the 
 modern names of our Towns do end in Burrowy 
 Berry y Ham, Sted, Ford, Fhorp, and IVich ; all 
 which do,' in like manner, exadly correfpond 
 with the German terminations of Burg, Berg, 
 Heim, Stadty Furdt, Dorpe, tVic. 
 
 On the other hand, fo rational an account 
 may be given of I’ome Gaulifh w'ords, out of 
 our Britifli language, as anfwering exaefly to 
 the nature and property of the thuigs fo nam’d ; 
 that of necelTity we muft conclude, cither thofe 
 to have been names impos’d by the Britains, or 
 elfe that the Britains Ipoke the language of the 
 Gauls. An inftance or two to this purpofe may 
 be fufficient. 
 
 A third part of Gaul, faith Csfar, is inhabited 
 by thofe who in their own tongue are called Celtx, in Celtx, 
 ours Galli; by the Greeks GoWcithx. But whence 
 thefe people were called Celta and GallathiCy the 
 moll: learned among the French could never tell 
 us. Iwifhthey would conlider, whether this may 
 not be deduc’d from the Britifli word (/) Gualt, Gudlt. 
 
 W'hich to this day fignifies the hair of the head ; 
 as Gualtoc doth Comata, i. e. long-haired : from 
 whence the names of Celtka, and Gallatlmy and 
 Galli, may very well have been derived ; only 
 mollified a little into fome difference, in the 
 pronunciation. Now, that the Celta were call- 
 ed Comatiy from their large heads of hair, which 
 they always wore at its tiill length, is generally 
 agreed among the Learned: and as for rheLet-j;;^^^^^ rfs pra- 
 ters C, K, Q, and G, whether in power or foundy nundatione, 
 there is but little difference. p. 66. 
 
 That the noble River of Garonne in France 
 runs with a mighty violent force, is very well Garonne. * 
 known : From whence the Poets have given 
 it the epithets of the firongy the fea-likcy the 
 rapidy Garonne. All which the Britifli w'ord 
 (f) Gairw doth import. 
 
 HhtxbjQV Arary or Saonne, moves fo incredi-^^ar- 
 bly flow', that you cannot tell by the eye, which -yaasof.' 
 way it flows. Hence by the Poets it is call’d 
 the Jlowy and the fiill Arar. Now, Ara among 
 the Britains fignifies flow and fiill. 
 
 Rhodanmy the Rhofne, which receives the Bhodamuy 
 Arar, runs with a very fwift and violent cur- ^bofne. 
 rent ; and is therefore term’d quicky fwifty and 
 headlong. The word founds not much unlike 
 Rhcdec, which fignifies fwiftnefs in running. 
 
 Strabo and others tell us, that the Mountains 
 Gehenna [the Cevennes] run out a long w’ay in Gebennx. 
 one continued ridge, in Gaul. And that (?^) AV Mountains of 
 vin fignifies the ridge of a hill among our Bri- Auvergne, 
 tains, appears by the Britifli Lexicon. There 
 is allb near Otteley in Yorkfhire, a long ridge of 
 hills which I have feen ; at this day call’d the 
 Kevin by the people of thofe parts. 
 
 Whereas flones were in old time ereded in 
 Gaul upon the Roads, at the diflance of fif- 
 teen hundred paces from each other; and where- 
 as the French Leuca or League containeth, Leuoa, 
 fornandes obferves, juft the fame number, and 
 (x) Leach in the Britifli fignifies a ; I would 
 defire the learned among the French to confi- 
 der, w'hether their word Leuca may not be de- 
 rived fyom thence. 
 
 Near the Sea-fide, in that part of France , 
 which was heretofore called Narbonenfis, where ewSi- 
 Hercules and Albion tought (if we believe thedd.^ ^ 
 old Fable,) the ftones lie fo thick, for many 
 miles together, that one w'ould almoft think it 
 had rain d ftones there. From Avhence it is by 
 writers called the Stony Shore, and the Stony Field. 
 
 -re) is tlje truer name though the modern Authors, ufually writing f for v, fpell itswif. 
 
 (d) in th.. 1 lural but this looks fomething forc’d. (e) Rhedyn Cf'iTrcaro 
 
 (g) Bemy is no Britifli word, but exprefs’d by CrLu St. Fdd. i) rXi /, VlZoed a- ^ Via 
 (1) The prelent Britifli know nothing of any fuch word. (w) Budge/his nothinV of Britifli^- Bol /nde^d* 
 in that language IS a which may fuit that fancy well enough. ^ or mitilli . .ffc/ indeed 
 
 f«) Sowder IS probably pure Englifli ; for the Britifli alwavs ufe Milm in that fenfe 
 
 l^OiJradnr, Bnn^us ^ plough. ■ (p) Toro, is fat. Cider is not Britifli. (r) Cerevifia and the Welch 
 
 (u) The Bntyh eaU mountains Kevn, and in the Plural Number Kevneu, that is, backs. ^ ’ (x) J!cb, 
 
 'Fhe 
 
XXIX 
 
 The firji Inhabitants. 
 
 XXX 
 
 1 he French at this day call it le Craux ; and 
 yet they know not the reafon of that name : But 
 in Briiifli, flones are called (j) Craig. 
 
 Morini. 'I'he People which in old time inhabited 
 the Sea-coait of Gaul, lying neareft to Bri- 
 tain, were in their own language called Morini. 
 No^s', Mor is in Britifli the Sea^ from whence 
 that word feems to have been derived For, 
 the Britains call fuch as live upon the fea-coaft, 
 Moriwasyr ; as Aremorica in the old Gaulifh, and 
 now in the Britifli, lignifies by the Sea-fide. 
 AreUte, So, Arelate, a famous city of Gaul, which 
 Arles. ^5 in a marfliy and watry foil, feems to 
 
 have talten the name purely from its fituation : 
 For Ar in Britifli, lignifies and Laith, inoift. 
 
 UxeVodunum, Uxellodmum^ faith Cjefar, is a Town having 
 on all fides a rocky accefs, and fltuate on the 
 top of a high hill. Now, (z.) Uehel in Britifli 
 Dunum, is lofty., and Dunum among the antient Gauls 
 fignihed an high ground^ or a hiU^ as Plutarch in 
 his little book of Rmers tells us out of Cliti- 
 phon j And the fame word was alfo ufed in 
 that fenfe by the antient Britains. 
 
 Cgtharifles, Pliny places the Promontory Cytharifies in 
 Gaul, near Marfeillesy where tlie town of Toulon 
 now hands. And if you ask our prefent Bri- 
 tains what they call Cytbara, i. e. an harp, they 
 will tell you, {a) 'telen. 
 
 Again (to put this matter out of difpute) it 
 is very evident, that though the modern French 
 is made tip for the moil part of the Latin and 
 German ; yet there hill remain in it a great 
 many old Gaulifh words. And I have had it 
 from fome w'ho are skilfd in both languages, 
 that i^ery many of thofe French words, w'hich 
 can be reduced neither to a Latin nor to a Ger- 
 man original (and therefore may be prefumed 
 to be remains of the old Gaulifh language,) do 
 come as near the Britifli as is poffible. For exam- 
 ple \ The French at this day ufe the word Gue- 
 rhy the Britains Guerif, to heal. The French 
 ufe Guainey the Britains Guain, for a Sheath. 
 The French Derechef, the Britains Derche- 
 f Denub. fuy for, f Moreover. The French Camur, 
 the Britains Cam, for Crooked. The French 
 BateaUy the' Britains Bady for a Boat. The 
 French Gourmond for a Gluttony the Britains 
 Gormody for. Too much, or beyond mea- 
 fure. The French Baliony the Britains 
 for a Staff. The French Accahlety the Britains 
 Cahlvy for. To opprefs. The French Havre, 
 the Britains Aher, for a Haven. And Comb is 
 yet in ufe in both nations, for a Valley. 
 
 Many more words there are of this fort, by 
 the recital whereof I fliould only tire my Rea- 
 der ; tlio’ they immediately tend to confirm this 
 Point. 
 
 Whereas Tacitus tells us, that the j^ftiiy a 
 people of Germany, ufed the habits and cu- 
 ftoms of the Suevians, but a language that came 
 nearer to the Britifli j this makes nothing a- 
 gainfi: my aflertion. For the languages that are 
 mofl; of all remote, may yet agree in forae par- 
 Eplft.4. ticulars. So, Augerim Bmbequmi, late Embaf- 
 fador from the Emperor to the Grand Signior, 
 obiervtd many German and Englifli words in 
 the 7'aurka Cherfonefmy or Crim-l’artary. 
 
 ’ From all which inftances, this condufioiv 
 
 may be drawn j That the antient Gauls and 
 
 Britains fpake the fame language j and from 
 thence, this other necellary confequt^nce. That 
 the Original of the Britains is to be referrM to 
 the Gauls. For it is not to be denied, what 
 W'e before obferved, that Gaul, as nearer to Ar- 
 menia, muft of courfe have been peopled be- 
 fore Britain. Belides (according to Strabo) as 
 Gaul abounded in corny fb did it much more in 
 men. It is therefore reafonable to conclude, 
 that fince the Gauls fent Colonies into Italy, 
 Spain, Germany, Thrace, and Afia ; they did 
 the fame much rather into Britaiiu a country 
 fo much nearer, and as plentiful as any of the 
 reft. And it muft redound much to the glory 
 of the^ Britifli nation, that they had their ori- 
 ginal from thofe antient Gauls, who were lb 
 famous for military Atchievements j and with 
 whom the Romans for many years maintain’d 
 a war, not for Honour and Empire, but for 
 Self-prefervation. And thele Gauls were they, 
 who, to ufe the Poet’s words rather than my 
 own, 
 
 fer omnem 
 
 Invelii Euro^amy quafi grando Aquilone vel 
 Auflro 
 
 ImportatUy gravi pajfm fonuere tumultu : 
 
 Scit Romanui adhucy Cx quam T’arpeia ‘vi~ 
 dem 
 
 Arx amUentem caput ilk in monte fuperbumy 
 
 Panmnes j^mathiindrunty feit Delphica rupes. 
 
 On Europe s fpacious tradts, like winter’s 
 hail 
 
 Urgd by the North, or boift’rous South, they 
 fell 
 
 With furious noifej as yet the Roman ftatc 
 
 Feels the lad blow, and mourns her turn of 
 fate. 
 
 Too well Tarpeian tow’rs their force have 
 known. 
 
 And Delphkk Rocks, and Plains of Ma- 
 cedon. 
 
 And a little after^ 
 
 Intravere Afa fines : prope littora Ponti 
 
 In gentem crevere mvanty qua tenditur ufque 
 
 Ad juga Pantphilumy Garamantka Jydera 
 contra 
 
 Inter Cappadoces pofitay tX Bythinica regna. 
 
 O er-running Afids bounds, their barbarous 
 power 
 
 Fix’d a new kingdom near the Pontick fhore. 
 
 Between Bythinia 'and Cappadocian lands. 
 
 Far as Pamphilian cliffs and Garamantick ftrands; 
 
 Nor ought we, on thisoccafion, to omit the 
 arguments brought by Others, to prove that the 
 Britains are defeended from the Gauls. George 
 Buc, a perfon eminent for his extradcion and 
 learning, obferves out of Mekercm, that the 
 Germans call a French-man, Wadon , and that, 
 when the German Saxons firft came hither and 
 heard the Britains fpeak the Gaulilh tongue, 
 they call’d them i.e. Gauls. (^) Bucha- 
 
 nan adds, that Wakh does not barely lignify a 
 Stranger among the Germans, but moft pro- 
 
 iy ) Stones are called Yierig \ but Yiraig is a rock ; from whence in our Northern parts we ftill call them 
 Crags. 
 
 (7) This is very often us’d in compound names of places, (a) Telyn is a liarp. 
 
 (b) How true fuever that may be, it is certain that the Opinion he advances of IVales having its name from 
 Caul, is altogether falfe, as is prov’d in Cornwall. And befides,^ why might not the Welp) and the Gauls both of 
 them have their- name upon the fame occa£o^> letter, as being firangers to the Germans, and the former, to 
 the Saxons ? 
 
XXXI 
 
 XXXll 
 
 !ii: 
 
 Britain: 
 
 pLTly a Gaul And withal he obfervcs, that the 
 French at this day call that country Gaiks, 
 which we call Wales: and that theantient Scots 
 di\ided all the Britifli Nations into Gaol, and 
 Gaik, that is (according to his interpretation) 
 into the Gallccci and the Galli.^ 
 
 rit may not be improper, juft to mention in 
 4- Mr.iiiw- this place, that a | late Author who fetches the 
 fKes. original of the Britains from the Pheenkians, 
 though he cannot deny the affinity between the 
 Gaulip and Brhp languages, proved in fo ma- 
 ny inftances betore ; doth yet endeavour to re- 
 concile that to his own Conjecture,^ by faying, 
 1 . 'I’hat the Commerce of thefe tw'o Nations (in- 
 timated byC*iar, and other Writers) and that 
 of the PIsKnicians with both, might ea/aly caufo 
 luch a common and promifeuous ufe of parti- 
 cular Words and Names. To inforce which, 
 he endeavours to fhow, 2 . That thofe very 
 Words, allcdgcd to prove the Britains of a Gau- 
 lifii original, are all, or moft of them, found in 
 the PhmnkiaH Language ; and therefore muft be 
 brought by that People, immediately, both into 
 Britain and Gaul.1 
 
 But, when all is done, if our Britains, right or 
 WTong, are rcfolvcd to claim a Tt-ojan Original, 
 I wilfliot make it my bufinefs to oppofe them : 
 but yet (c) if they will .take my advice, they 
 may beft ground their Relation to the Trojans, 
 upon their defeent from the Gauls. For it is 
 
 faid by fame ( thefe are the^ words of Arnmianus ) 
 that after the defaruBion of Troy, a few who fed 
 thence, pojfefs'd themfahes of Gaul, at that time tin- 
 peopled. 
 
 And here, while we hat^e thefe languages The Brltilh 
 under conlideration, we cannot but admire and 
 celebrate the divine goodnefs towards our Bri- 
 tains, the pofterity of Corner •, who, though 
 they have been conquered fucceffively by the 
 Romans, Saxons, and Normans; do hitherto 
 enjoy the true Name of their Anceftors, and 
 have alfo prefervM their primitive language en- 
 tire, although the Normans fet themfelves to a- 
 boliih it by exprefs laws. The reply of that noble GiraUus I'n 
 old Gentleman of Wales was not impertinent, h‘s Topogra- 
 who, being ask’d by Henry the fecond. King oi ^ ® ** 
 
 England, what bethought of the ftrength of the 
 Welch, and of his royal expedition againft them, 
 made his anfvver in thefe wordsiThis nation, Great 
 Sir, may fuffer much, and may be in a great mea- 
 fire ruind, or at leafi weaken d, by your prefent 
 and future attempts, as formerly it hath often been ; 
 but we affure our felves, it will never be wholly de- 
 faroyed *'by the anger or power of any mortal man, un-* Propter ho- 
 lefs the anger oj Heaven concur in that defaruBion. sram. 
 Nor (^whatever changes may happen m to the other 
 parts of the world) can I believe that any other na- 
 tion or language befades the Welch, pall anfwer at 
 the lafa day far the greater part of this corner oj the 
 world. 
 
 (<) Otir Autlior wliere he difeourfes of the Continuance of the Romans in Britain, delivers it as his Opinion, that 
 the Britains may beft claim a relation to the Trojans, by their intercourfc for fo many hundreds of years 
 with the Romans, who v?ere certainly defeended from them. 
 
 The Name of 
 
 BRITAIN. 
 
 U T you will fay, if Cumero be 
 the primitive name of the In- 
 habitants, whence then comes 
 Albion ? and whence Britain ? 
 a name which hath fo much 
 prevailed, that the other is al- 
 moft forgotten. Give me leave, 
 as to this point, to deliver my real thoughts, 
 which, I am fatisfied, are the real truth. The 
 fame things may be confider’d under various 
 circumftaijces, and thereupon be exprefs’d by 
 various names, as Plato tells us in his Cratylm. 
 And if you will fearch into particular inftan-, 
 ces, both of modern and antient rimes, you 
 will obferve that all nations have been called 
 by Strangers, differently from what they called 
 themfelves. Thus, they who in the language 
 of their own Country, were called Ifraelites,\veve 
 termed by the Greeks, Hebrews and ^ews ; and 
 by the Egyptians, Huefi (as Manethon obferves,) 
 becaufe they had Shepherds for tlieir Kings. So, 
 the Greeks call’d thofe Syrians, as Jofephus 
 writes, who nam’d Aramaans. Thofe 
 
 wLocall’d themfelves Clrufai, w'ere by the Greeks, 
 from their black faces, call’d .Ethiopians. They 
 who call’d themfelves CeltiX, the Greeks call’d 
 GaUata ; either from their milk-white comple- 
 xion, as forre will have it, or from their long 
 hair, as I juft now obferved. So, thofe who call'd 
 thejvifclves Teutfah, Numidte, and Helkna, were 
 
 by the Roman.s call’d Germani, Mauri, andCr^t- 
 ci ; [Germans, Moors, and Greeks^ So at this 
 day (not to produce too many inftances) they 
 who are in their own T'ongue call’d Miiffelmen, 
 Magier, Cz.echi, Befermanni, are by all the Europe- 
 ans called Turks, Hungarians, Bohemians, and Tar- 
 tars. And even in England, we, who in our 
 own tongue call our felves Englpmen, are by 
 the Welch, Irifh, and Highland-Scots, call’d 
 Sajfan, i. e. Saxons. After rhe fame manner 
 w'e may imagin that our Anceftors, who called 
 themfelves Cumero, were upon fome other ac- 
 count, either by themfelves, or by others, call- 
 ed Britons ; from whence the Greeks fram’d 
 their Bfiradct, and handed the fame word to the 
 Romans. Thus much being premis’d, we will 
 now enquire into the feveral names of this 
 Illand, 
 
 As to the name Albion, I am not much foli- 
 citous about it. For it was impos’d by the 
 Greeks for diftinflion-fake ; all the Iflands that 
 lay round it being call’d by one general name, 
 BritannkiS and Britannia, i. e. the Britp Ifaes. The 
 Ifaand of Britain, faith Pliny, fa famom in the 
 writings oj the Greeks and Romans, is fatuate to the 
 nortlj-wefa, at a great difaance jrom, but jufa oppo- 
 fite to, Germany, France, and Spain, three Coun- 
 tries that take up much the greatefa part of Europe. 
 It is particularly caldd Albion ; whereas all the 
 IJks about it are nam'd Britannix. Where- 
 
 upon 
 
 
xxxiii 
 
 The firji Jnhahitmts. 
 
 xxxiv 
 
 upon Catullus, concerning Csfar, hath this ex- 
 prefiion, 
 
 Hunc Gallia timmt, timent Britannia. 
 
 Botli Gaul and Britain our great Cccfar 
 dread. 
 
 Alfo in the lame Epigram, he calls this Vltimam 
 Occidentis Injidam^ i. e. the fartheft Ifland of the 
 weft. The name Albim feems to have had its 
 rife meerly from a vain humour of the Greeks, 
 and a fondnefs in that people for fables and 
 fictitious names ; which them! elves call’d 
 fVfiffiMy'itLr. For feeing that nation has, in the 
 pure ftrength of Fancy, named Italy, Hefperia, 
 from Hefperus, the fon of Atlas ; France, Gal- 
 latia, from a certain fon of Polyphemus, &c. 
 I cannot but believe, that in the lame fanciful 
 humour they invented for this Ille the name of 
 Albion, from Albion, Neptune’s fon ,* as Perot- 
 tm and Lilius Giraldus have obferv’d before me : 
 unlefs one ftiould chufe rather to derive it 
 from ’'AA901', a word, which Feftus faith, figni- 
 fies -white in Greek, whence the Alps may 
 alfo have taken their name : for our Iftand is 
 furrounded with white rocks, which Cicero calls 
 Mirificoi Moles, vaft and prodigious piles. For 
 which reafon in the (a) Coins of Anmims Pi- 
 The figure us, and Sevei-us, Britain is figured, fitting upon 
 of Britain. Bach, in a woman’s habit •, and by the Britifh 
 jAs Wen. Poets is ftiled (b) Inis IVen, that is, the White 
 Bland. Not to obfert^e, that Orpheus in his 
 Argonautics (c) (if they be his) cAls that Bland, 
 A<4xcM0f -ytfaos, 7 % white land, which lies next to 
 ^ernis, or Ireland, and which can be no other 
 but our Britain : the fame, which in a few 
 verfes before, he feems to have call’d NiVo 
 Zib I de Ar 4 xi!ew«». Fracaftorius alfo, in his 
 
 tnorbis con- difcourfe concerning that peftilential fever which 
 tagiojis. rag’d in England under the name of the Sweat- 
 ing SickneQ, delivers it as his Opinion, that it 
 was occaiioned by the nature of the Englifh 
 foil, which is very much upon Chalk, or a white 
 fort of Marie ; and fuppofes that from thence 
 our Bland took the name of Albion, (d) fSo, an 
 Ifland in the Indian Sea, was called Zeaca, white; 
 and alfo. another in Pontus, which agreed with 
 this of our’s fo far, as to be tliought Fortunate, 
 and to be a receptacle of the Souls of thofe 
 great Heroes, Peleus and Achilles. So a place by 
 Tybcr alfo w'as called Albional\ 
 
 He had but little honefty, and as little mo- 
 defty, w'ho was the Inventor of that idle ftory, 
 not to be heard without indignation. That this 
 Ifland took the name of Albion from (^■) Albi- 
 na, one of the thirty daughters of Dioclefian 
 a King of Syria, who on their wedding-night 
 kill’d all their husbands, and then coming over 
 hither in a veflel without oars, w'ere the firft 
 
 that took pofleflion of the Bland, where a fort 
 of carnal Spirits got them with child ; and thence 
 ifl’ued a race of Giants. (/) Nor need I be at 
 much pains to enquire, why, in that old Paro- 
 dia againft Ventidius Bafliis, it is called In- dafuJa Ca- 
 fulaCaruli; confidering that it is furrounded 
 with the Sea, which the Poets ftile Carulus and 
 Carulum. So Claudian, concerning Britain, 
 
 Cujus vefligia verrit 
 
 Carulus. — ■ ■■■ ■- . . 
 
 — — Whofe fteps the azure fea 
 
 Sweeps with his tide. — -■ 
 
 I omit, that it is hy AriflidescoW'd. the Great 
 and the farthefi Ifland. That it was alfo call’d 
 Romania, feems to be infinuated by thofe pafla- Rowan;.*, 
 ges in Gildas, where he tells us, that this 
 Ifland was fo abfolutely brought under the Ro- 
 man power, Tfhat the name of the Roman (lavery 
 ftuck to the very foil. And a little after ; 60 that 
 it might now be accounted Romania, rather than 
 Britannia. And within a page or two, Ifland, 
 
 bearing the Roman name, but not obferving the 
 laws or cuBoms of the Ro?nans. Nay, Profper 
 Aquitanus exprefsJy calls it, T'he Roman Ifland. 
 
 Hither alfo may be reter’d that prediftion of 
 the Arufpices or Sooth-fayers, when the Statues 
 of I’acitus and Florianus the Emperors were 
 thrown down with Tliunder ; viz.. That out of 
 their Family fhould arife an Emperor, who, a- 
 mongft other great adtions, fhould fet Preftdents 
 ffver Taprobana, and fend a Proconful into the Ro- vopifcus in 
 man Bland ; W'hich the Learned underftand of Fioriano. 
 our Britain ; tho’ it was a Province Preftdial, 
 and never Proconfular, as we fhalUiereafter fhew. 
 
 If fome will ftill believe that it was alfo call’d 
 Samothea, Irom Samothes, Japhet’s lixth fon, I Samotka. 
 cannot help it. I know very well whence all 
 that is borrow’d ; out of Annius Viterbienfis, 
 who, like all other Cheats, putting fpecious ti- 
 tles upon bad wares, liath impofed upon the 
 credulous his own forgeries under the name of 
 Berofus: 
 
 But, as to the name and original of Britain, 
 the various opinions concerning it, have made 
 it a very doubtful point ; for which reafon, I 
 here apply my felf to our Britains, for leave to 
 interpole my judgment among the reft ; and that 
 they would put a favourable conftrudtion upon 
 what I do ; that as they defire to know the 
 truth, fo they would pardon thofe that fearcli 
 after it, and allow me the fame liberty that 
 Eliot, Leland, Llwyd, and others, have taken. 
 
 For if Humphrey Llwyd, a learned Britaii;i, was 
 not blam’d, but commended, for producing a 
 new Etymology of Britain, dirferent from the 
 common one of Brutus, without prejudice to 
 
 (a) One of thofe Coins of Antoninus Pius, having Britain fitting upon the rocks, is in the hands of Mr. Tho- 
 resby of Leeds, with this infcription, Antoninus. Aug. Pius. P. A Tr.P. xviii. Reyerfe. Britannia. Cof. mi. 
 SC. 
 
 {b) The learned Selden (Annot. ad Polyolb. p. 20.) thinks this inftance the moft confiderable of all for this pur- 
 pofe , becaufe in Antiquity it is ufual to have names among ftrangers, correfponding to thofe of the inhabitants. 
 So the Redde-Sea is by Strabo, Curtius, Stephanus, and others, call’d Erytbraus ■ and Niky in Hebrew and 
 gyptian call’d black, is obferv’d by that Prince of Learning ^ofeph Scaliger, to lignify the fame colour in the word 
 Aij-vVlior, us’d for it by Homer \ which is inforced by the black lUtues, among the Greeks, ereilcd in honour 
 of Nile, call’d alfo exprefsly MtAstf. 
 
 (c) See Ullier’s Antiquit. Britan. Ecclef. p. 378. fol. 
 
 (d) As Buchanan will not allow that their Albania could come from a Latin word, fo neither will Somner let 
 our Albion have that original ; bur, with Albania, derives it from the Celtick Alpen, Alben, and fuch like words, 
 intimating a mountain, high hill, ike. which anfwers the nature of the place, whether we confider the inner parts 
 of the Ifland, or thoCe moles mirificee (mentioned by Cicero) upon the Sea-Coafts. 
 
 (e) This is fetch’d out of the Chronicle of Sc. Albans. But our Author feems here to confound two fabulous 
 opinions into one, making this Albina, at the fame time daughter of Dioclefian, and one of the Hanaides, daughters 
 of Danaus : for they it were, who are faid to have kill’d their husbands, and come over hither. 
 
 (f) See Virgil's Catalefts, andScaliger upon the place. For this reafon it is we find, in the Coins of Antoni- 
 nus Pius, Britain reprefented by a woman foinetimes fitting upon a rock, fometimes upon a fort of a globe in the 
 Ocean. And Profper the Rhetorician, calls the Britains M^uorei. 
 
 e that 
 
XXXV 
 
 XXXVl 
 
 BRITAIN. 
 
 that ftory ; I hope it will be no crime in me, 
 who here meddle not with the Hiftory of Bru- 
 tus, if I briefly enquire after another original. 
 And where can I ib properly fearch, as in our 
 Britifli language ? which as it is pure and un- 
 mix’d, fo extreamly ancient : and on this dou- 
 ble account, we may promife our felves conii- 
 derable alTiftance from it. For antient langua- 
 ges are highly ferviceable to the finding out the 
 firft originals of things j and Plato, in hisCra- 
 tylus, tells us, that the primitive names of 
 things, longfince worn out of ufe, areftill pre- 
 ferv’d in the barbarous Tongues as the moil an- 
 tient. And, though thofe matters are fo very 
 obfcure by reafon of their great Antiquity, that 
 we rather earnefUy wifh for the truth, than 
 have any reafonable hopes to difcover it j yet I 
 fiiall do my utmoft to clear this point, and fliall 
 briefly propound my own judgment, not magi- 
 fterially impoling it upon any man, but being 
 ready to admit, with the higheft fatisfaftion, 
 any other opinion that fhall be more probable. 
 For I love Truth of another’s difcovery, alto- 
 gether as well as my own ; and equally embrace 
 it, where-ever I find it. 
 
 In the firft place, I will take it for granted, 
 with the Reader’s leave, that all antient nati- 
 ons had their own proper names from the be- 
 ginning, and that the Greeks and Latins, after- 
 wards, fram’d names for every Country out of 
 thofe of the People, with variation enough to 
 accommodate them to their own Dialed. Or, 
 to explain my feif further, that the People were 
 known and diftinguifh’d by names, before the 
 Countries they inhabited j and that the Coun- 
 tries were afterwards denominated from the 
 People. Who can deny but the names of the 
 the Medes^ the PerjianSy Scythiansy Abnans, 
 Cauls, Getulians, Saxons, English, Scots, &c. were 
 in being, before thofe of Judaa, Media, Per- 
 jia, Scythia, Almaim, Gaul, Getulia, Saxony, En- 
 gland, Scotland, &c ? Nor is any thing more 
 evident, than tnat thefe laft were coin’d out 
 of the firft. We read, that from the Samnites, 
 the Infubres, and Belga, Livy and Csefar were 
 the firft that call’d the Countries themfelves, 
 Samnitium, Infubrium, and Belgium. From the 
 Franks (in the time of Conftantine the Great, 
 as appears by the Coins of that Emperor) the 
 Country where they were feated, firft rook the 
 name of Francia or France. And Sidonius A- 
 pollinaris was the firft, that framed the name 
 of Burgundy from the Burgundians. Now, we 
 have all the reafon in the world to believe, that 
 after the fame manner the Inhabitants, or elfe 
 the Gauls their next Neighbours, gave this 
 Ifland the name of Britain. For there are cir- 
 cumftances, which make it probable, that the 
 Natives were called Brit or Britb in the old bar- 
 barous Language j efpecially, that Verfe, which 
 paifes under the name of Sibyl, 
 
 Ewerou iv ^ iv Tawioj? 'To^^vxpviToig 
 
 Ondtyog KlfiCCSul CUfidll TTOMU, 
 
 The Britijb tribes and wealthy Gauls 1 
 fhall hear | 
 
 The purple waves come rowling from I 
 afar, r 
 
 While tides of blood the wond’riiig Pi- I 
 lots fear. J 
 
 Nextjthe authority ofMartial, Juvenal, and Au- 
 Ibnius: This Ifland’s being alfo Procopius call- 
 
 ed Britia then, the ancient Infcriptions, fet up 
 by the Britains themfelves, in which we read 
 Brito, Britones, Brittus, COH. BRITON. OR- 
 DINIS B R I T T O N,^ and at Rome, in the 
 
 Church of S. Maria Rotunda, NATIONS 
 BRITTO. Together with an Iiifcription to 
 be feen at Amerbach in Germany ; which I will 
 here infert, becaufe it mentions Tii^utium, 
 fome place in Britain, not )-et known, 
 
 NYMPHISO 
 NO BRITTON 
 TRIPUTIENO 
 SUB CURA 
 MO VLPI 
 MALCHI 
 * 7. LEG. XXIL 
 PO PO FO 
 
 The Saxons alfo themfelves, in their 0V.TI Lan- 
 guage, call’d the Britains Bpicp,and particular- 
 ly Witichindus the Saxon, throughout his Hi- 
 ftory, ufes the word Brita. So that, without 
 all doubt, Brit is the primitive, from whence ;bkit. 
 
 Brito is derived ; and from whence we may ex- 
 pert fome light towards the original of the name 
 of Britain. 
 
 Now, it was the general cuftom of all na- 
 rions, to apply to themfelves fuch names as 
 had refpeit to fomething wherein they either 
 excell’d, or were diftinguifli’d from the reft. 
 
 Some, from the dignity of their Founders, as the 
 Jonians from Javan, the Ifraelites from Ifrael, 
 the Chananites from Chanan the Son of Cham. 
 
 Others, with relj^edl: to their particular Na- 
 tures, Cuftoms, or Employments •, as the Jberi, 
 according to the Hebrew derivation, becaufe 
 they were Miners 5 the Heneti, becaufe they 
 were Wanderers ; the Nomades, becaufe they 
 employ’d themfelves moftly about Cattel ; the 
 Germans, becaufe they were accounted jlout 
 and 'warlike •, the Franks, becaufe free 5 the Parz- 
 nonians, in the opinion of Dion, from as 
 
 wearing cloath-coats with long fleeves ; the 
 thio^ians from their blacknefs-, and the Albans,z.s 
 born with white hair. From whence Solinus 
 remarks, "That even the Colour of the hair did give 
 name to a nation. And our Country-men, who, 
 paffing under the general name of Cimbri or 
 Cumeri in common with the Gauls, had no 
 other mark or charadier fo proper to difierence ' 
 and diftinguifli them from the reft, as that pe- 
 culiar Cullom of fainting their bodies : (For 
 the beft writers that are, Cafar, Mela, Pliny, 
 
 &c. do all agree, that the Britains us’d to paint 
 themfelves with Gladurn, or woad \ and the 
 word Glas, fignifies Blue in Welch to this<^;^y^ 
 day:) What, it I fuppofe then, thafl our Bri-Britm, 
 tons had that name from their fainted bodies ^ whence took 
 tor the word Brith, in the antient language 
 this Ifland, fignifies any thing that is painted 
 and coloured ? Nor can any one in reafon cen-^ 
 fure this, as abfurd, or over-ftrain’d, feeing it 
 has the proper marks of a juft Etymology; the 
 words iouiid alike, and the name (which is as 
 it \sere the pidture ot the thing) exprefles the 
 thing it ielf. For Brith and Brit are very near 
 in lound ; and the word Brith, among the 
 Britains, exprefles to the lull what the Britains 
 really were, that is, fainted, flained, died, and 
 coloured. Thefe Epithets the Latin Poets ufe 
 to give them; apd Oppian terms them AioAov^lfl., , r,. 
 
 1. e. having backs of feveral colours. mgetie. ^ 
 
 Nor will it be improper here (though it may 
 leem of no great moment) to fet down an ob- 
 fervation of my own. That in the names of al-oidBrit.flns 
 molt all the antient Britains, there appears mines drawn 
 fome intimation of a Colour, which,' without f™”" tolouts. 
 doubt, arofe from this cuftom of Painting. The 
 Red Colour is by the Britains call’d Coch and 
 Goch ; which word, I fanfy, is part of thefe 
 
 n.imes. 
 
 * Centum^ 
 nis. 
 
names, Cogiduma, Argemcoxus, Segonax.\ The' 
 black colour they call Du i of which methinks 
 there is ibme appearance in Mandubrattm, Car- 
 timandua, Togodumnus, BunduicUi Cogidumis. The 
 u-bite colour is called Gwyny the plain footfteps 
 of which word, methinks, I fee in Vemtim and 
 Imwanuenthii. in Welch, fignifies a JdAa- 
 
 terijh colour, and this difcovers it ielf evidently 
 in the names of Vellocatus and Carvidim, and 
 Sueda. Blue in Britifii is Glen j and that plain- 
 ly appears in the name of King Cuniglafm, w'hich 
 Gildas interprets Fulvus, or, as it is in fome 
 other copies, Fur^vm Lamo, a dark colour d 
 Butcher. Aure, the name for a Gold colour, is 
 plain in Cungetorix and Arviragui- A lively and 
 brisk colour is by them call’d Teg, whereof we 
 have a flight hint in Prafutagus, and CbaraBa- 
 cm. And, if we allow that the Britains bor- 
 row’d the names of mixt colours, together with 
 the colours themfelves, from the Romans (as 
 they did certainly their Weritb for Green, from 
 Viridh and Melin for Strave-cohur, from Meli~ 
 iim ; ) then I may have leave to fanfy, that 1 
 difeover fomewhat of the colour call’d Prafmm, 
 or Grafs-green, in the name of Prafutagus 
 of the colour call’d Minium, i. e. Vermilian, in 
 that of Adiminius, fon to King Cunobelinus. 
 Rufina s\(o, that learned Britifh Lady, took her 
 name from the Latin Rufus, the red or flame- 
 colour : as Alban, the firft Martyr of Britain, 
 from Albus, I e. White. If any perfon, skill d in 
 that antient language, would in like manner 
 examine the reft of the Britifli names that occur 
 in old Writers ( of which fort there are not 
 above four or five remaining) it is very proba- 
 ble he would find in every one, fome lignifica- 
 tion of a Colour. Nor ought we to omit, that 
 the moil common names at this day among our 
 Britains, Gvjyn, Du, Goch, Lluid, were taken 
 from the u'hite, black, red, and rujfet Colour. So 
 that it cannot feem ftrange, that a nation fhould 
 derive its (g) general name from Painting, where 
 all the people painted their bodies j and where 
 in old time it was, and at prefent is, the fafhi- 
 on among the Inhabitants, to take them names 
 from Colours. But to return to our bufinefs ; if 
 all this can be thought foreign to it. 
 
 It is moil certain, that in the Britifli Hi- 
 ftories, an Inhabitant of Britain is call’d in that 
 language Britkon. The note of afpiration is not 
 to be regarded, fince the Britains (wholetongue. 
 In Serm. Pc» St. Chryfoflom faith, was lingua Sibila, a hiding 
 tecofi, tongue) were always pleas d with alpirations, 
 ■which-the Latins as fludioufly avoided : and as 
 Brito came from Britb, fo did Britannia alfo, in 
 my opinion. Britannia (faith Ilidore) usas fo 
 called from a v;ord of that Nation. And whereas 
 the moft antient Greeks (the firft who gave 
 the name of Britain to our Ifland) whether on 
 account of Trade or Piracy, were wont to make 
 
 long voyages, keeping always clofe to the fliore 
 
 (as Eratoftheiies hath obferv’d j ) they might 
 
 either be inform’d by the Natives, or learn 
 
 from the Gauls who fpoke the fame language, 
 
 that the people of this Ifland were call’d Britb 
 
 and Britbon, and thereupon, to the word Britb , 
 
 might add Tatiia, a termination, which i‘^ ,i°ans^now'^* 
 
 Greek (as the (Jo) Gloflarics tell us) fignifies a add Lanlt to 
 
 Region or Country. Out of thefe .two words, the names of 
 
 they compounded the name of BeiTotr/*, cor- Countries. 
 
 ruptly written Bp5T«i'/«, i. e. the Country of the 
 
 Britons. Lucretius and C^far have nam’d it 
 
 more truly Britannia j and they are the firft of 
 
 the Latins that make mention of it. 
 
 That the matter ftands thus as to Britain, I 
 do the more firmly believe, becaufe we find 
 not in all the world befides, above three Coun- 
 tries of any confiderable largeiiefs, the names 
 whereof do end in T'ania ; and thefe He in 
 this Weftern part of the world, to wit, Mau- 
 ritania, Lufitania, and Aquitamai (f) of whidi, 
 
 I queftion not, but that the Greeks who firft 
 difeover’d thofe countries, were the Inventers, 
 and that from them the Latins afterwards re- 
 ceiv’d them. For, from the name of the Mau- 
 ri, they made Mauritania, ‘I'he country of the 
 Mauri j which, according to Strabo, was by 
 the natives called Numidia. From Lufus, the 
 Son of Bacchus, they framed Lufitania, that is, 
 the Country of Lufus ; and perhaps they call’d 
 Aquitain by that name, ab aquis, as Ivo Carno- 
 tenfis thinks, fince it is a country feated upon 
 the water. In whici\ fenfe alfo (as Pliny tells 
 us) it was formerly called Armorica, i. e. upon 
 the Sea-coaft. As for 'Turditania and Bafhta- 
 nia, names of fnader countries in Spain (and 
 confequently lying alfo in thefe Weftern parts 
 of the world) they may be very properly re- 
 duc’d under the fame head, and feem to figni- 
 fy no more than the countries of the Turdi, and 
 the BaHi. Nor is it unufual for Names to be 
 compounded of a Foreign and a Greek word. 
 
 Words are compounded, (faith Qmntilian) either Lib. U 
 of our own (i e. Latin ) and a foreign word, cw 
 Biclinium j or jufi the contrary, of a foreign word 
 and a Latin tack'd to it, as Epitogium and An- 
 ticato j or of two foreign words, as Epirrhedi- 
 um. And this is the moft ufual fort ofCom- 
 pofition, in the names of Countries. Is not 
 the name of Ireland a manifeft Compound of 
 the Irifli Erin, and the Englifli Land ? Is not 
 Angleterre, a name made by the conjunftion of 
 a French with an Englifh word ? Was not the 
 name of Franclond (for fo our old Saxons called 
 France) a Compound of the French and Saxon 
 Language ? Came not Poleland likewife from a 
 Polifli word, fignifying a plain or level, united 
 with a German ? LafUy, was not the name of 
 Denmark compounded of a Danifli word, and 
 the German March, which figuifieth a bound or 
 
 Mr. Stmner, not without fome colour of teafon , has exprefs’d his diflike of this Original For r. I' 
 no?appear (how generally foever the Opinion may be receic’d: that the old Britains did .., »> 
 
 Inlidmt auid ctifaletim eficit, atqm ttc krnbihomfrm mfugna 4pcS.n, ^c. !iys CAi, and agreeabl), P 
 ™uSela Vitro cottora iitfcSi : to both which, Pliny’s words do very well fult, Srimle plantogtmgUlium m GoU 
 daVKotur \u> SrilLnortim coojugis nuralpi: toto ctrpore obUu, ^uibufiam m fams iSrta^ mceduat mio£im 
 nlor’m imittntts. Now, there is a great difference between barely dying, or dawbmg the body (which implies no 
 more“han colouring,) and which ncceffarily fuppofes certain ligures drawn upon the body.^ 
 
 Xk fome of the Idritains’^ did pLt themfelves, and Caefar (the belt authority of that kindj be ■"“'PkX ' 1 
 FvvJe frflfp • vet it is only the Albion he fpeaks of; whereas all the liles in our Ocean were caH d, by one general 
 name Infuli AriiannScl ; and therefore, unlefs it appeared that all the rell follow’d the fame Cultom (as it does 
 
 nnti iritanwia under that notion cannot properly be applied to them. ^ r n- • ■ *i,- • 
 
 f ,) The learned Cafaubon has e.-rprefs’d himfelf diflktisfy’d with the bare authonty of Giofiarzes in this point, 
 „n rfs it alfo appear’d that fome writer had us’d the word in that fenfe. What he imagins might occalion 
 
 toll a Miftake^n the Glolfographers, istheT«o/«, ufed to fignify a little (l,p or toaguo of land or Ihore. Sea 
 
 ^a*There’’Me tm'morc which have the fame termination, Capilaaia, and Oailaaia. Ibid. 
 
 limit ? 
 
XXXIX 
 
 B R I T A I N. 
 
 xl 
 
 'i 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 I: ■ 
 
 m'lt-frr fn evident, more In- 
 
 fiances are needlcfs. ^ ^ i 
 
 Moris it at ail to be wonder d,that the Greeks 
 fliould give our Ifle this addition of T^ania’, 
 when St. Jerom, in his Queftions upon Genelxs, 
 proves out of the mofl antient Authors, that 
 the Grecians had their Colonies and Plantations 
 along all the Sea-Coalls in Europe, and in all 
 the Illaiids, even as far as Britain. Let us, 
 faith he, look into Varro’s Treatife of Antiquities, 
 and that of Silinius Capito, and into the Greek 
 ‘writer Phlegon, and federal others eminent for their 
 learning ; and -we fbail fee, that almoft all the IJlands 
 and Sea-coajls over the vshole world, with the lands 
 bordering there-upn, were generally pjfejfed by the 
 Greeks. For that -people (cu J have Jaid before) pof- 
 fejfed all the Sea-coafls, from the Mountains Ama- 
 nus and Taurus, as far as the BritifI) Ocean. 
 
 That the (k) That the Greeks did land in this Idand, 
 Greeks came and made their Obfervations on the fituation 
 into Britain, and nature of it, will be a point paft all quefli- 
 on, if we obferve what Athenseus hath writ- 
 ten concerning Phileas "Taurominites (of whom 
 more anon) who was in Britain in the 
 year before the coming of Cjefar ; Next, if 
 remember the Altar, with an infeription to U- 
 lyfles, in Greek Letters j And laftly, if we 
 confider w-hat Pytheas hath related before the 
 time of the Romans, concerning the diflance of 
 l!hule from Britain. For who fliould difeover 
 to the Greeks, either Britain, or F'hule, or the 
 Countries of Belgium, efpecially their Sea-coafts i 
 unlefs the Ships of the Grecians had been in 
 the Britifh and German Ocean, and given 
 their Geographers an account of them ? Can 
 we imagin, that Pytheas could have known any 
 thing of what lay fix days fail beyond Britain, but 
 that fome of the Greeks gave him informati- 
 on ? How elfe could the Greeks come to know, 
 that there were fuch places as Scandia, Bergos, 
 and Nerigon, from whence the pafl'age lay by 
 fea to Fhule ? Thefe very names feem to have 
 
 been much better known, even to the moil an- 
 tient among the Greeks, than to Pliny, or any 
 of the Romans. Accordingly, Mela tells us. 
 
 That T’hule had been celebrated by the Grecian 
 Poets •, and Pliny faith, Britain was an If and fa- 
 mous in the writings of the Greeks and Romans. By 
 this means, fo great a number of Greek words 
 have crept into the Britifh and French language ; 
 as alfo into the Belgic or Low-Dutch and there- 
 fore, Laz.arus Bayfius, and Budaus, have taken 
 occafion to value their Country upon this, that 
 the French were in old time i. e. 
 
 Great admirers of the Greeks', building upon a few 
 French words, which difeover fome marks of the 
 Greek : And Hadrianus Junius feems no lefs 
 pleas’d, when he can light on a Belgick word 
 that will admit of a Greek Etymology. By Greek word* 
 the fame rule, our (/) Britains may alfo glory in the Bri- * 
 in their Language, lines it hath a great many hfli language, 
 words which are deriv’d from a Greek original. 
 
 But the learned Sir Thornas Smyth, Secretary of in his book of 
 State to Queen Elizabeth, attributes it rather Englilh Or- 
 to this accident, that wlien all the reft of Eu- chograph/* 
 rope was difturb’d and harrafs’d with wars, 
 a great number of Greeks fled hither for 
 fafety. 
 
 Thus, you have my thoughts, (m) and per- 
 haps my miftakes, concerning the original of 
 the Britains, and the name of Britain. If they 
 are falfe, may the difeovery of Truth fliow it. 
 
 In this intricate and obfeure fearch after Anti- 
 quities, he merits who errs but a little ; and it 
 often happens, that things which at firfi fight 
 are judged falfe, appear very true upon a more 
 ferious confideration. If I were ftandiug before 
 Truth her felf as my Judge, I could fay no more. 
 
 As for our Country-men the Britains, I do with 
 all earneftnefs mtreat the learned among them, to 
 employ their utmoft care and diligence in this 
 enquiry j that fo, at the appearance of IVuth, 
 all Conjetlures may vanifh, like mifts before the 
 Sun. 
 
 (1) Concerning tbe knowledge the Greeks and Romans feem to have had of Britain, fee more hereafter, under 
 the title Britannorum mores. 
 
 (l) And if that be a good bottom, fomay the Engliflitoo, feveralof whofe Words areUiewn by fome late Lexicogra- 
 
 phers to have a near affinity with the Greek. But, which is more, even in point of Idiom, there do not want inflances 
 to ffiew an Analogy Iwtween them. For, Slv^pn, in Hefyehius, is our heart of a tree ; efxfiflw, io take in bani 
 
 with us ; nrdillai, to put in mind.-, tS? d/vo? sxxjSI,, in Lucian, to be led by tbs nofe ; oroteiv, in Diogenes Laer- 
 tius, to make water-, l-iravaal\o be left /peaking ■, yKciiiija. SiKtoiAs, in Ifocrates, his tongue runs before 
 
 bis wit ; ffxoinov famong the Greek Adagics cohered by bchottus; a repe of /and ; AiSos KVMiSbuno} ri 
 
 ifviiof a vroiH, a rowlin^-fi^ne gathers no mo/s. 
 
 (m) The fame Author, that has exprefs’d his diflatisfa<ft{on in Mr. Camden’s Brith-tania, has left us a Conieiture 
 of his own, no lefs plaulible than learned, viz. that it comes from Brydio, fignifyingin Britifh fervere a(}uare fer. 
 vejeere, cale/acere, cale/eri, &c. pointing out the heat and violent motion of this Sea, fo much talk’d of by Au- 
 thors.^ By one it is call’d Oceanus barbarisJiuBibus fremens ; by another it is faid, borrendis attoUi afiibus. And 
 the frifli bea is called by Solinus, undo/us £? inquietus ; toto in anno (fo he goes on) non nifi pauculis diebus 'e{i na- 
 vigabile. Giraldus Cambrenfis follows him, and gives us almoil the fame defeription ofit : and Camden ^in his 
 account of this matter, has ffiown thefe Seas to have been famous for their ruggednefs. See* him in Kent *and in 
 his .Pifoour/s upon the Britijb JJles. Now, lince this Quality of our Seas has been in all ages fo eminent; b’ncealfo 
 
 Brmffi fo lully exprelfes that Quality, we muft at leaft allow this Conjefturc fome ffiare of Probability 
 
 Doubtlefs, from the fame original was their Brydaniaeth, iracundia, fervor, C5*f. which leads us naturally to 
 in Saxon Bryiane, and with us Britain. ^ ^ryaain. 
 
xli 
 
 xlii 
 
 The Manners of the 
 
 B R I T A I N S. 
 
 \ S for the Affairs of the Britains 
 in elder times, their State and 
 Government, their Laws and 
 Cuftoms; we were promifed 
 I a treatife of them by Mr. Da- 
 niel Rogersy an excellent Perfon 
 and particularly eminent for 
 learning, and to whom I had great Obligati- 
 ons : but he being taken away in the flower of 
 his age, before he had done any thing upon that 
 fubjea:, I will prefent the Reader with tliefe few 
 2danners and Memoirs Concerning their Cufloms, taken, w ord 
 Cufioms of word, out of ancient Authors. 
 
 iht Bntaios, " ’ 
 
 Caefar- mny m*d by the Britains is Brafs ; 
 ^ jtfinulif in OY iron * rings at a certain v^eighty inftead oj it. 
 the text : _fonw^^y unlawful to eat haresi hens, andgeefe 
 
 read hmnit, ■' • - • 
 
 however, they keep them for their Pleafure. Jhe 
 ntoji civiltTdd by far, are thofe who inhabit Kent, a 
 country which lies upon the fea-coafl, where they are 
 not much different from the Gauls in their way of Li- 
 ving. Mofi of the inland People fow no corn, but 
 live upon milk andflejh and are chathed with skins. 
 All the Britains dye themfelves with JVoad ; which 
 ■makes them of a skk colour, and thereby the more ter- 
 rible in Battle. They wear their hair long upon the 
 head, but clofe and bare in aU parts of the Body ex- 
 SeU.fraf. accept the head and the upper-lip. 'They have, ten or 
 Feljolb. twelve of them. Wives together in common, efpecially 
 
 brothers with one another, and parents with children j 
 hut if any of the Women bring forth, the child is 
 counted his only who firfi married her. In Battle, 
 Way of fight- generally to fight in * Chariots: Firfi, 
 ing in Chari- they four up and down in them', and fling darts, and 
 ots. * mfidif, cnemf s Tanks by the terrour 
 
 of their Horfes and the notfe ff their Chariot-wheels. 
 Wlm they have wound themfelves in among the Horfe, 
 they skip from their chariots, and fight on foot. The 
 charioteers in the mean time retire, and place them- 
 felves fo, that their mafiers may readily mount again, 
 in cafe they are overpowe/ d by the number of the ene- 
 my. T^m they anfwer both the fpeed of the Horfe, 
 andthe fteadinefs of the Foot, and by daily ufe and 
 praBice are fo expert in it, that upon the fide of a 
 fieep hill, they can flop and check their horfes at full 
 fpeed i can turn, and run upon the beam, refi upon 
 the yoke, and from thence whip prefently into their 
 chariots. They often give ground and retreat on pur- 
 pofe ; and when they are at a little difiance from our 
 Legions, they come out of their chariots, and fight the 
 enemy at difadvantage. The way of their Cavalry 
 was fuch, that it proved equally dcmgerom, topurfue 
 or to be purfued by them. Moreover, they never fought 
 clofe, and in Bodies, but thin, and at fome confidera- 
 ble difiance j having others fo pofted that one party 
 might fuccour another, and the weary might be re- 
 lieved by frefb fupplies. 
 
 Strabo. The Britains exceed the Gauls in fia- 
 ture, and their Hair U not fo yellow, nor their bodies 
 foweUfet. Let this be a fuffcient argument of their 
 tallnefs, that I my felfhave Jeen at Rome fome of their 
 Toutb taller by half a foot than other men. Tet their 
 legs were but weak, and the other parts of the Body 
 not well made nor bandfome. In their ways and Cu- 
 fioms, they partly refemble the Gauls, but are in fome 
 things more fimple and barbarom : fo that fome have 
 not the art oj making Cheefe, tho’ they abound with 
 milk i others know neither gardening, nor any other 
 part of Husbandry. They have many Potentates 
 (pHong them. In battle, they ufe Chariots in great 
 
 t 
 
 numbers, as fome of the Gauls alfo do. Woods Brltilhtown*. 
 thejn are infiead of Cities ; for having cut down trees, 
 and endofed a large round plot of ground with them, 
 there they build huts to live in, and make folds for 
 their Cattle ; which are not dejignd to endure long. 
 
 Csfar likewife. It is call’d a Town among the 
 Britains, when fome thick wood tsfencd round with a 
 trench and rampire i where, to avoid incurfions, they 
 retire and take refuge. 
 
 Diodorus Siculus. The Britains live in the 
 fame manner that the ancients did they fight in chari- 
 ots, as the ancient heroes of Greece are jaid to have 
 done in the Trojan wars. Their houfes, for the mofi 
 part, are made of reeds or wood. They inn their 
 corn in the ear, and threfh out no more at a time than 
 may ferve for one day. They are fimple and up- 
 right in their dealings, and farffrom the craft and 
 fubtilty of our Countrey-men. Their Jood is plain and 
 ' natural, and boi nothing of the dainties oj the rich. 
 
 The Ifiand is very popiilom. 
 
 Pomponius Mela. Britain has its Nations, 
 and its Kings over them', but all are barbarom. 
 
 And as they are at a great difiance from the Conti- 
 nent, they are more unacquainted with the wealth 
 and riches of other Places; their s confifiing wholly in 
 cattle and the extent of their Grounds. They * paint Ultra ^ Corpora 
 their Bodies ; whether for /how and beauty, or fome But 
 
 other reafon, is uncertain. They make war upon Jii'' wT- 
 
 flightefi cccafms, with frequent incurfions upon one\g^ 
 another ; prompted chiefly by an ambition of Sove- 
 reignty, and of enlarging their territories. They fight, 
 not only on horfeback and on foot, but alfo in their 
 wagons and chariots, armed after the way of the 
 Gauls: they call them Covins, with “f hooks and ^ 
 fcythes at the axle-trees. bus, 
 
 Cornelius Tacitus. The Britains are nearefi to 
 the Gauls, and like them ; either by reafon of the fame 
 original, or becaufe, in Countries oppojtte to one another, 
 a like climate gives a like make and complexion. How- 
 ever, all things conjider' d, it is probable this neigh- 
 bouring Country was peopled by the Gauls. One 
 finds the fame Religtom rites and fuperftitions among 
 ibm. Their language is not much different, and they 
 are alike bold and forward in any dangerom Enter- 
 prife j and, upon an encounter, alike cowardly. Tet 
 the Britains fhew more heat and Jiercencfs than the 
 other, as being not yet foftend and effeminated by 
 peace. For we find, that the Gauls likewife were 
 ' once famom in war, till Cowardice came in with Peace, 
 and their Valour and Liberty funk together. PVhkb 
 very thing has befallen thofe of the Britains who 
 have been conquer d\ whereas the refi continue fuch 
 as the Gauls were. The firength of their Arms 
 conjifis in their Infantry ; and fome of their Na- 
 tions fight in chariots. The greatefi perfon among 
 them drives, and his fervants defend him. Hereto- 
 fore they were govern d by Kings, but now they are 
 drawn, under petty Princes, into parties and jaBions. 
 
 Nor was there any thing of greater advantage to the 
 Romans, againfl the mofi powerful among them; 
 than their not concerting one common interefi. It is 
 feldom that above one or two Cities unite againfl a 
 common enemy ; fo that whilfi e'uery one fights Jingle, 
 aU are conquered. 
 
 In another place. It is common among the Bri- 
 tains to confult the Gods, by furveying the entrails of 
 beafls, and to go to war under the conduB of IV )- 
 men. They make no difiinBion offex in point of 
 Government. And therefore fome learned men 
 think that Ariflotle fpoke of the Britains, 
 f where 
 
1 
 
 xliii 
 
 The Manners of the Britains. 
 
 xliy 
 
 where he takes notice of feme warlike nations 
 beyond the Cfte. fubjedtothe Government of 
 Women. , -r. • 
 
 Dio Nicius, out of Xiphilin s Epitome, con- 
 cerning the Britains in the North part of the 
 Ifland. T'ixy till m ground, but live upon prey mi 
 hunting, and the fruit of trees : Fifi (though they 
 have it in very great plenty) they wiU not tMe. 
 ^hey dwell intents, naked, and without jhoes. they 
 life their wives in common, and bring up aU the 
 children among them. They are in a great meafure a 
 Democracy. They take mighty pleajtae ^ in robbery 
 
 and plunder -, and Mt in chariots. Their horjes are 
 fmall and fwifi. Tliey themfelves run at a great rate. 
 PVhen they are engag’d, they are firm andimmoveable. 
 ’Their neapons are a fhield and a fhort fpeary in the 
 lo-wer end whereof is a piece of brafs like an 
 that, by fhaking ?V, they may terrife the enemy. They 
 have daggers a$ : and they endure hunger, cold, and 
 aU kinds of hardfhips with wonderful patience. _ Tor 
 in the hogs they will continue many days without 
 food, up to their very heads. In the woods, they live up- 
 on barks of trees and roots. They have a certain kind 
 of meat ready upon all occajions, of which if they take 
 but the (luofitity of a bean, they are neither hmgiy 
 nor dry. 
 
 Herodian. They know not the ufe oj cloaths', 
 hut about their necks and bellies they wear iron {think- 
 ing it an ornament and a fign oj great Riches) as o- 
 ther .Barbarians do gold. They paint their bodies 
 with fundry colours and with all kinds of animals re- 
 prefented in them ■, and therefore they wear m cloaths, 
 lefl they Jhould hide and cover it. The people are 
 warlike and bloody, armd only with a narrow flneld, 
 and a fpear, and a fword hanging by their naked bo- 
 dies. They are altogether firangers to a coat oj mail 
 or helmet’, fitppojing it would prove but a burthen to 
 them, in their march over bogs and mojfes ; from which 
 fo much fog and vapour is exhaled, that the air in 
 thofe parts is always thick and cloudy. 
 
 What remains (which is but Jittle) I will pick 
 up here and there, and fet down as briefly as I 
 can. Pliny of Magkk. But why Jhould I take no- 
 tice of thefe things, in an An which hath travers d 
 the Ocean, and reach’d the umoji bounds of Nature^ 
 f Cclehrat. Britaina? this day] exei'cijes it with fo much pomp and 
 
 ceremony, that one would imagin the Perjians had been 
 taught it by them. 
 
 Glafium The fame Author. There grows in Gaul an 
 
 Woai. iiy plantane, call’d Glallum, wherewith the 
 
 Britifh wives and virgins dye their bodies all over, 
 and Jb, like Blackamoors, they are wont at certain Sa- 
 crifices to go naked. The choiceji food among them is 
 €henerous, the Chencrotes, a kind of fowl lefs than a wild 
 Goofe. The Britains wear rings upon their middle 
 * Marga, finger ’, they manure their ground with * Marie. 
 Manner of Solinus tells us, That they painted themfelves 
 Painting, issitb certain marks, which Tertullian calls Brito- 
 num ftigmata. He fays farther, 7?je Country is 
 partly pejefs’d by Barbarians ; who have the fhapes of 
 feveral beafis artfully cut on the bodies in their youth, 
 that -the prints in the fiefh may grow and increafe as the 
 bodies do. Mor is there any thing reckon’d a greater 
 fign of patieiKe and courage among thefe BarbaromNa- 
 tions, than to make fuch fears in their limbs, as may 
 receive the deepejl dye. 
 
 Andates. Dio. They worfhip’ d Andates, that is to fay, 
 the Goddejfes Vidtoria and Andraftes. 
 
 Shipping of 3 Csfar and Lucan. Tlsey bad Ships, the keel and 
 the Britains, majl whereof wei'e made of light 'wood ; the other parts 
 were cover’d over with leather. Solinus. The Sai- 
 lors did never eat, tiU their voyage wasfimfh’d. 'Their 
 drink was made of Barley (and fo it is by us at this 
 day,) as Diofeorides faysj who mif-names it 
 CHrmi, Curmi for Kwrw for fo the Welch term what we 
 
 call Ale. Mojl of them had only one wife, as Eufe- 
 bius fays, Pr^par. 6. Plutarch writes. That 
 fome of them would live an hundred and twenty years } 
 the natural beat of the body being p-refej-v’d by the 
 coldnefs of the Country. ti. • ■ 
 
 As for thofe ancient Days of inhuman Britiife 
 
 which fpeaks ot; I know not wdiat 
 means by them, unlefs it be thofe who took up- 
 on them the Government here, inoppolitfon to 
 the Romans, and were calfd at that time Ty- 
 ranni. For he prefently adds from S. Jerome, 
 
 Porphyry raging in tJse eafi like a mad dog againfi 
 the Church, proceeds after this vain and- wild manner 
 calling Britain a Province plentiful w Tyrants.^ 
 
 1 ihall fay nothing of their ancient Religion, 
 fince it was not really a Religion, but a conrufed 
 heap of Superftitions. For after the Devil had 
 bury’d the true, Religion in darknefs, Gildas 
 tells us. That the fpeBres of Britain were purely Religion of 
 hellifh, more numerous almofi than thofe of ^gypt, ofths Britains. 
 which fome are yet remaining, ftrangely featur’d and 
 ugly, and to be feen within and without their fbr- 
 faken walls, looking fliff and grim, after their ufual 
 manner. 
 
 As for the Britains being at the rape of Hefi- 
 one with Hercules (which is inferred from thofe 
 verfes of Cornelius, fuppofed by fome to be tlie 
 fame ith Nepos, where he deferibes the mar- 
 riage of Telemon and Hejione : 
 
 Magick 
 
 Brlcain. 
 
 Et in aurea poctila fufi 
 
 Invitantfefepateris plebs mixta Britanni, &c. 
 
 With generousw'ine the golden Velfels flow’d. 
 
 And well-fill’d bowls went round the un- 
 diftinguifii’d crowd j 
 Britains among the reft.——) 
 
 this is plainly poetical ; and, that the Author 
 of it W'as not Cornelius Nepos, as the Germans 
 will have it, but fofeplms Jfcanus, I can clearly ^ 
 
 demonftrate. For he makes mention of our 
 He’tiry II, and of Thomas Archbiftiop of Can- 
 terbury. ‘ 
 
 Whether or no Ulyjfes came thus far (of whom Brodaus, 1. 5 . 
 Solinus fays, it is manifeft from an Altar with 
 an infeription of Greek letters on it, that he ^ 
 landed in Caledonia,) is queftion’d by Brodaus : 
 and (a) I ffiould rather imagine it ere'fted in ho- 
 nour of Ulyjfes, than that it was raifed by him.; 
 tho’ they would have this Ulyffes to be Eliza^a, 
 
 Japhet’s grandfon. For it appears by hiftory 
 (what we have likewife already obferv’d) that 
 the ancient Greeks were great Travellers both by 
 fea and land; and therefore it ought not to feem 
 ftrange, if we find their names and monuments 
 in feveral places. And they took thofe names,- 
 not fo much from their own Anceftors, as from 
 HeroeSjwho were equally honour’d, if not more, 
 than Confeffors and Martyrs among Chriftians. 
 
 As therefore the Countries newly found out, 
 have their names from St. 'John, St. Dominic, St. 
 
 Trancis, and many other Saints; fo none will 
 deny, but tlie fame was practis’d among the 
 Greeks. And, of all their Heroes, which of 
 them made Voyages, either more frequently, or 
 more long and tedious, than UlyfTes ? No won- 
 der then that Mariners fhould generally make 
 their Vows to him, and confecrate the places of 
 their Arrival to his name. Thus VlyJJtpo, upon 
 the mouth of the river had its name; and 
 thus in other places came thofe monuments of 
 Ulyjfes, Laertes, and their Companions ; which 
 are not to be aferibed to Ulyjfes as the Wnder, 
 but, as w e may fuppofe, w ere dedicated to that 
 
 («) See Mr, George Carlcton’s opinion of this matter, in a letter to Mr. Camden, piiblilh’d in his Eplftles, p. 1 1 2. 
 
 Hero 
 
xlv 
 
 xlvi 
 
 The Manners 
 
 Hero by Grecian Travellers, who himfelf was 
 of all others the greateft. 
 
 TohiiTzetzes, in his Varie Hifioriai writes. 
 That our Britifh Kings made Cato the elder 
 (that noted enemy to the vice and debauchery 
 of the Romans) many Prefents, in honour to his 
 Virtue j and this, long before the name of Bri- 
 tain was known at Rome. I leave him to 
 make good the truth of this liory j but how fa- 
 bulous an Author he is, the Learned are fuffi- 
 ciently aware. 
 
 Alexander Nor would I have the Reader believe, that 
 the Gieit Tie- ^igxander' tht Great came from the Eaft-Lidies 
 vcrinBri- the Streights of Gibraltar, and to Britain j 
 upon the authority of Cedrenus, againft other 
 Hiftorians : {From thence being come into Aphafis, 
 * raffle*; * Gades, and the Britijh nation, andhavingfur- 
 nijh^d himfelf vjith a thoufand Imlks, &c.) That of 
 Trithemius out of Hunnibald, is juft as true. 
 That F^m%Bajfanus put away his wife, the 
 King of the Orcades’s daughter, in the year 
 before Chrift 284, and that thereupon he made 
 war againft Baftanus with the auxiliaries which 
 he had from the King of the Britains. 
 
 Hannibal ne- Neither would I have any one imagiii, that 
 ver in Bri- Hannibal carry'd on a War in Britain, becaufe of 
 that paftage of Polybius, in the Ecloga of the 
 XI Bo9k. Tbto fi h oab® (rvyv.hn»iJ.mu T»f 
 
 ■^*'***^*** the place is 
 corrupted, and it fhould he read for 
 
 BpiVavltt? 5 as it is alfo in the 42 Book of Dio ; 
 and in both places, they are fpeaking of the 
 Ennii in Italy. And yet I will not deny, but 
 the Greeks about this time might arrive in our 
 Iftand. For Athenxus, defcribing from Mof- 
 Hiero’s Ship, chion a very ancient Author, that fhip of Hiero 
 which was thought a miracle for greatnefs and 
 workmanihip, tells us. That the Main-maft 
 of it was, W'ith much dilFiculty, fomid by a 
 Swine-herd in the mountains of Britain, and 
 from thence conveyM into Sicily by Phileas 
 *Taurominites, a Mechanick : But I fear the 
 Criticks will here alfo read Bfilntm? for BpelTstv/ar, 
 and refer it to the Brutian-HUls in Italy. 
 
 The Britains Yet it is likely, that fome of the Britains W'ent 
 in expeditions -^vith the Cimbrians and Gauls in thofe Expedi- 
 with the Qreece and Italy. For, befides ^e 
 
 common to both j in the ancient Britifh 
 Liber, Book of the "Triades, where we find mention 
 of three great armies rais’d in Britain, it is faid, 
 that a certain foreign Captain drew a mighty 
 army out of this kingdom j which, having de- 
 ftroy^d great part of Europe, at laft fettled upon 
 the Grecian fea ’, I fuppofe, meaning Galatia. 
 And that Brennus, fo famous both in Greek and 
 Latin Authors, was a Britain; fome think 
 may be eafily made out. For my part, I know 
 only thus much, that the name is not yet quite 
 loft among the Britains, who in their language 
 call a King Brennin. 
 
 ^rliomarus, a However, that Britomarus a warlike Captain 
 Britain, among them, and mention’d by Florus and AfH 
 pian, was a Britain, is plain from the wprd it 
 felf, which fignifies a Great Britain. I will not 
 here wreft that of Strabo (who fays that Bren- 
 nus was by birth a Praujian^ lo as to make 
 2. r. i3.lMm a Britain ; and whereas Otho Frifmgenjis 
 
 of the Britains. 
 
 I writes, that the Briones, a race of the Cimbri, 
 fettled themfelves towards the head of the 
 Drave, I will not venture to change Brioms into 
 Britones ; though the Criticks of our age feldom 
 ftick at fuch things. 
 
 To give my own opinion once for all : As Britain 
 the Romans, notwithftanding they were 
 great and eminent, were not known to Hero-Creeks and 
 dotus nor the ancient Greeks ; and the Gauls Romans, 
 and Iberians were for a long time utterly un- 
 known to the ancient Hiftorians ; {b) fo I have 
 always thought, that it was late before the 
 name of the Britains was heard of by the Greeks 
 and Romans. As for that Trad De Mmdo, 
 which goes for Ariftotle’s, and makes mention 
 of the Britains, and Albion, and Hiema ; it is 
 not fo old as Ariftotle, but of a much later 
 date, as the learned think. For certain, this 
 part of the world was not known to the noble 
 Hiftorian Polybius, who, in company with the 
 famous Scipio, travelled a great part of Europe 
 about 370 years before Chrift. (c) He tells us, 
 
 "That 'Luhatever trnEi lies north-ward between the 
 Tanais and Narbo, is unknown to this -day ; and 
 that whatever is faid or written of it, is all idle anJ. 
 fiBitious. Much after the fate that fome at 
 this day may be thought to do, who perfwade 
 themfelves that Hamiko, being font by the Car- 
 thaginians to difeover the ^^■eftem coafts of 
 Europe, arriv’d here many years before ; when 
 all the while there is no other ground for this 
 voyage, but a verfe or fwo in Fejius Avienus. 
 
 And that it was fo late e*re Britain was 
 known, might well be occafionM by the fitua- 
 tion, as disjoyn’d from the Continent ; and 
 becaufe the old Britains were then barbarous 
 (like the other Nations in this part of the 
 world,) and, living much at liome, had no 
 great commerce with other Countries. Dio is 
 of the fame opinion in this matter, faying, 
 
 ‘that it was notfo much as known to the * more an-* Prlmis. 
 dent Greeks and Romrnts, whether there was fuch a 
 place as Britain in the world ; and the more niodern 
 of them quejliond whether it were Continent or Ifland', 
 
 That much waswritten on both Jides by fo?ne who had 
 no certain knowledge, {as having neither feen the 
 Country, nor leaned the nature of it from the Inha- 
 bitants) but who rely d on their own Conjeclures, ac- 
 cording as they had time or inclination to frame them. 
 
 The fiirft Latin Author that I know of, who 
 mentions Britain, is Lucretius, in thofe verfes 
 of his about the difference of Airs. 
 
 Nam quid Britannum cxlum diffetre pntamus, 
 
 Et quod in JEgypto efi, qua mundi daudicat 
 axis. 
 
 How different is the air oth* Britijh Ifte 
 
 From that which plays upon the wand’ring 
 Nik. 
 
 Now, it is granted on all hands, that Lucre- 
 tius liv’d a little before Cxfar : about which 
 time, Divitiacus King of the f Soillbns, and f SuefCones, 
 the moft potent Prince in Gaul, govern’d the 
 Britains; as Csfar hirafelf informs us. But this 
 is to be underftood of the fea-coaft. For the 
 
 (b) Se* wbat our Author has obferv’d upon this head, under the title. Name of Britain, where he feems to allow 
 the Greeks a greater acquaintance with the affairs of this Ifland, than here he does. , , ^ , ... 
 
 (e) The circumflances of Polybius's words feem to imply no more, than that as it was doubtful whether the 
 fea' encompaffed the South parts of Africa, f which he tells us m the very fame claufe 0 fo ^as it, whether the 
 Korth parts of Europe above Narbo, were encompafs’d too. But that he could_ not meanitin fo great a 
 as our ^Author takes^ it is plain from his own defcnption of tue Fountains of and Corbtlo or 
 
 as our AutttOT WKes ^ P ^ ij j^y Narbo; and alfo from his own promife in 
 
 fhrt'hk"BSoC Jo wrte o'fX Ouf« or’w=fl-rea, and evnn of .he Bri.ifl. Wand.; „hich he call, .he 
 Bretanici* 
 
 fame 
 
xlviii 
 
 xlvii 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 fame Caefar affirms, that no other part of Bri- 
 tain befides the fea-coaft and what lay over- 
 againft Franee, was known to the Oauls. And 
 yet Diodorus Siculus writes, "That Britain vtai 
 never fuhjeSi to any Foreigner i neither Dionyjim, nor 
 Hercules, nor any God or Hero, have (for ought ap- 
 pears) ever attempted to conquer it. C. Cafar, jor 
 his great exploits firnamed Divus, is the firjl that 
 ever fubdud the Britains, and fore d them to pay 
 tribute. 
 
 Cenforimu Here then our Hiftorian ( whoever he be) 
 de die Nata- hiftory, and not higher : duly 
 
 weighing what the learned Varro hath faid, 
 Three Peri- and I have already hinted } Namely, That 
 ods of time, there are three diflin^t Periods of time j the 
 firft, from man’s creation to the deluge, which 
 Unknown, reafbn we knovo nothing of it) is called 
 
 The fecond, from the deluge to the firft Olym- 
 piad, in the year of the world 3189, w'hich 
 (becaufemuch of that Hiftory \s falfe and 
 Fabulous, bulom) is call’d Mu6»tdv, The third, from the 
 Hiftorical. firft Olympiad to our own times, call’d 
 
 becaufe the tranfaftions of that Period are re- 
 lated by very good Hiftorians. But though no 
 Nation, how learned foever, except the Jews 
 only, had any true hiftorical relations before 
 that age j yet I know very well chat the Bh- 
 tifh hiftory of Geofrey begins three hundred 
 and thirty years before the firft Olympiadj^ 
 that rude and ignorant Period, efpccially as to 
 thofe parts, which Varro calls fabutom. Hence 
 therefore (left I lay a bad foundation, and the 
 whole Building be accordingly weak) I will 
 begin the hiftory of the Romans in Britain ; 
 (which ieems to be requilite in this place, aixl 
 may give great light to that which is to fol- 
 low:) Not colieding it from Fables, which 
 would argue the Author’s vanity in writing, as 
 well as his folly in believing ^ but from the 
 genuine monuments of Antiquity. And this I 
 will do with as much brevity as I can ; for it 
 is not my defign to rob any one of the glory 
 of a larger treatife upon this fubjeft. 
 
 The ROMANS in 
 
 BRITAIN. 
 
 yuiiia Cttjar. 
 
 J, H E N Virtue and Fortune 
 had confpir’d, or rather Pro- 
 vidence had decreed, that 
 ■ Rome fhould be Miftrefs of 
 ' the world ; Cairn fulim Ca- 
 
 _ . _i far, having conquer’d all 
 
 Gaule, caft his eye towards the Ocean, as if the 
 Roman w orld was not large enough : that, ha- 
 ving fubdu’d all, both by lea and land, he 
 might by Conquefts joyn Countries, which Na- 
 Totnponm Cure had fever’d. And in the 54'*' year before 
 out Chrift, he made an Expedition into Britain', 
 of Stngfa. provoked by the fupplies w'hich had been 
 
 fent into Gaul during the courfe of that war, 
 or becaufe they had receiv’d the Bdkvaci who 
 retreated hither, or elfe ( as Suetonius writes ) 
 excited by the hopes of Britifti Pearls, the 
 weight and bignefs whereof he was v^ont to 
 poife and try in his hand i but rather than all 
 thefe, for the fake of Glorj’’, fince he rejected 
 the offers of the Britifh Embaffadors, who, ha- 
 ving notice of his defign, came to him, and 
 promis’d to give hoftages and to be fubjeft to 
 the Roman Empire. 
 
 Take the hiftory of his Entrance into the 
 Iflaiid, abridg’d, but in his own words. The 
 places, ports, and havens of Britain being not 
 fufficiently blown to Caefar, he fent C. Volu- 
 , fenus before with a Galley j who, having made 
 
 ^ what difeovery he could, return’d to him in five 
 
 days. The Britains having intelligence of Cse- 
 far’s intended expedition by the merchants, fe- 
 veral Cities fent Embaffadors into Gaul to offer 
 hoftages, and to promife obedience to the Ro- 
 mans. After he had exhorted them to conti- 
 nue firm in that refolution, he difmiffed them j 
 together with Comim Atrebaienjts, who had great 
 authority in thofe parts (for the Atrebates had 
 before left Gaul, and feated themfelves there,) 
 and who was to perfuade them to continue true 
 and faithful to the Romans. But he, upon his 
 firft landing, was imprifon’d by the Britains, 
 In the mean time, C*efar having drawn toge- 
 
 ther about eighty Veflels to bring over two le- 
 gions, and about eighteen more for the horfe, 
 let fail from the country of the Morini, at three 
 in the morning, and about four on the day fol- 
 lowing arrived in Britain, at a place inconveni- 
 ent for landing j for the fea was narrow, and fo 
 pent in by the Hills, that they could throw 
 their darts from thence upon the fhore beneath. 
 Having therefore got wind and tide both fa- 
 vourable, he fet fail again, and went about 
 eight miles farther, and there, in a plain and ♦ 
 open ftiore, rid at. anchor. The Britains, per- 
 ceiving his defign, difpatch’d away their horfes 
 and chariots, to keep the Romans from land- 
 ing. Here the Romans had one great difficul- 
 ty : for thofe large fhips could not ride clofe 
 enough to the fhore in that fliallow fea j fo 
 that the foldiers were forced to leap down from 
 thofe high Sliips in places unknown and under 
 heavy armor, and fight at the fame time with 
 the waves and with the enemy. On the other 
 fide, the Britains, who knew the place, were 
 free and uncumber’d j and fought either on dry 
 ground, or but a very little way in the water. 
 
 So that the Romans were daunted, and fought 
 not with the fame heart and fpirit that they 
 us’d to do. But Csfar commanded the tran- 
 fport-fhips to be remov’d, and the galle)'s to be 
 row’d up * juft over-^ainft the Britains, 
 the flings, engines, and arrows to be thence Utus. 
 employ’d againft them. The Britains, terrify ’d 
 with the form of the fhips, and the rowing, 
 and the ftrangenefs of the Engines, gave ground. 
 
 At the fame time, an Enfign of the tenth Le- 
 gion, bcfeeching the Gods that his defign might 
 be for the honour of the Legion ( My fellow- 
 foldiers, fays he, leap down, unlefs you will fee 
 the Eagle taken by the Enemy ; for my own ’ 
 part, I am refolv’d to do my duty to my Coun- 
 try and my General) immediately jump’d out, 
 and advanced with his Eagle towards the ene- 
 ! my J and thereupon all follow’d. (But, if we 
 ; believe Julian, it was C^i'ar himfelf who firft 
 
 leap’d 
 
X'XIIJI. 
 
 .xx.vni 
 
 -y’iruitinun. lPi\ 
 
 O'alias Jtrt 
 
 £bu(ia Oxieix' - 
 
 \BX\*XCvApatiul 
 
 iSe^tejitrionalio^ 
 
 Ins. 
 
 RITANNIA 
 
 Ehuda Occi'-^ 
 
 cJentaliorw//wft«j* 
 3 Jei'i<itonalior . 
 Ins. ■ 
 
 
 hRlurt^mwn 
 
 No ‘VfAiN 
 
 Nxif Jnicnji 
 
 Garanin Jh-am 
 
 damnum Pmm 
 
 
 JMonoecial. 
 
 ■Rheha. 
 
 jCAiJ-; 
 
 i^ud-umPron'. 
 
 Ocfupitarum 
 pront ■ M 
 
 Hi MET jE,. 
 
 'LUarkJtauitn 
 
 KVffttum Prom 
 
 
 \eniaritm 
 
 Jioitrttim 
 
 -Londc 
 
VIII 
 
 ^rrta. 
 
 ^nJuitni 
 
 
 
 
 ^arlnurn' 
 
 
 7 al’nm^teerurT, 
 
 ’arrucy“SinitJ 
 
 ^elOstma. 
 
 Ccecium 
 
 ^eellum 
 
 ■kLmcumum 
 
 Jian\ 
 
 rS^^/^r 
 
 iOvxeealana 
 
 f3nxnno'iliijv.iiii 
 
 Autunt 
 
 
 
 ? 'erometu 
 
 
 ’.xtetuio 
 
 Tumani 
 
 ^umirafvM 
 
 
 
 [iPiinurmt 
 
 S^nna 
 
 Calidit 
 
 
 ' intl^'htdta 
 
 ■» lm'%\ ? 
 
 UH O T RIC 
 
 / 2>urnji-iirt,i 
 
xlix 
 
 Romans iA Britain. 
 
 1 
 
 leap’d out.) Mow began a refolute fight on 
 both Tides ; but the Romans, being cumber’d 
 with arms, tofs’d with the waves, and wanting 
 Tooting, and withal conius’d j were in ftrange 
 diTorder,till Csfarmade the Pinnaces and Boats 
 ply about with recruits to fuccour them. As- 
 foon as the Romans got Ture footing on dry 
 ground, they charg’d the Britains, and quickly 
 put them to flight ; but could not purfuethem, 
 their horfe being not yet arriv’d. The Bri- 
 tains upon this defeat, prefently Tent Emballa- 
 dors (and with them Comim AtrehatenJtSy whom 
 they had iniprifon’dj to defire peace ; laying 
 the fault upon the rabble, and their own im- 
 prudence. Cxfar, upon this, eafily pardon’d 
 them, commanding hoftages to be given ; which 
 he receiv’d in part, with a promiTe to deliver 
 the reft. This peace was concluded the fourth 
 day after his landing in Britain. 
 
 At the fame time, thofe eighteen ftiips 
 wherein the horfe were tranfported, as they 
 came in fight of Britalni were fuddenly driven 
 to the weftward by ftrefs of weather, and had 
 enough to do to recover the Continent of Gaul. 
 The fame night, the moon then at full, the gal- 
 leys which were drarvn to fhore, were filled by 
 the tide, and the tranfport-fhips which lay at 
 anchor were fo fliaken by the ftorm, that they 
 \^ere altogether unfit for fervice. This being 
 known to the Britifh Princes (that the Romans 
 wanted horfe, fhips, and provifion,) they re- 
 volted, and refolved to hinder them from for- 
 raging. But Csefar, forefeeing all this, took 
 care to bring in Provifions daily, and to repair 
 his fleet with the timber of thofe twelve which 
 were moft fhatter’d. While Affairs flood in 
 this pofture, the feventh Legion which was fent 
 out to forage, being at their work, was fud- 
 denly fet upon by the Britains, and encompafs’d 
 by their horfe and Chariots. Their way of 
 fighting in Chariots (as I have already obferv’d) 
 is this : Firft, they drive up and down, and 
 fling their darts, and diforder the ranks of the 
 enemy with the terror and noife of their horfes 
 and Chariots i and if they once get within the 
 ranks of the horfe, they light from their Cha- 
 riots and fight on foot. The Charioteers draw 
 off a little in the mean time, and place their 
 Chariots fo, that in cafe their mafters are over- 
 power’d by the numbers of the enemy, they 
 may readily retreat thither. Thus, they anfwer 
 at once the fpeed of the horfe, and the fteadi- 
 nefs of the foot; and are fo expert by daily ufe 
 and exercife, that on the fide of a fteep hill 
 they can take up and turn, run along upon the 
 beam, ftand upon the yoke, and from thence 
 whip into their Chariots again. But Ca:far 
 coming luckily to their reliefj the Romans took 
 heart again, and the Britains ftood their ground; 
 who in hopes of freeing themfelves for ever (by 
 reafon of the fmall number of the Romans, and 
 the fcarcity of provifions among them) got toge- 
 ther a great Body, and march’d to the Roman 
 Camp ; where Cafar engag’d them, put them 
 to flight, flew many of them, and burnt all 
 their houfes for a great way together. 'I’he ve- 
 ry fame day, the Britifh Embalfadors addrefs 
 themfelves for peace to C$far ; and he grants 
 it, doubling their hoftages, and commanding 
 them to be fent into Gaul. Soon after, * the 
 jEquinox being within a day, he fet fail from 
 Britainy and arriv’d fafe with his whole fleet 
 on the Continent : whither only two Cities of 
 Britain fent their hoftages; the reft negleded it. 
 Upon Csfar’s letters, and his account to the 
 f j'tf/>p?K4»*V.Senate of what he had done, a f proceflion of 
 twenty days was decreed him ; though he had 
 Dio. hh. 39. gain’d nothing of confequence, either to him- 
 
 Fightirg in 
 Chariots. 
 
 felf or Rome, but only the glory of making the 
 Expedition. 
 
 ,The next year,havingprepar’d a great fleet(for, 
 including * tranfport-fhips and private veifels * Annotinh. 
 built by particular perfons for their own ufe, it 
 confifted of above 800 fail) with five legions and 
 rv'o thoufand horfe he fet fail from Bonus Itiusy 
 and -landed his army in the fame part of the 
 Illand where he had landed the foregoing fum- 
 mer. But there was not an enemy to be feen 
 now j for though the Britains had been there in 
 great numbers, yet, terrify ’d by this fleet, they 
 ha 4 retir’d into the upland country. Here 
 Cif/izr encamp’d his army in a convenient Place ; 
 leaving ten cohorts, and three hundred horfe, 
 to guard the fhips. And in the night, march- 
 ing himfelf twelve miles into the Country, he 
 found out the Britains, who retreated as far as 
 the river, but gave him battle there ; and be- 
 ing repulfed by tlie Roman cavalry, betook 
 themfelves to certain woods, which were for- 
 tified by art and nature. But the Romans 
 t locking their fhields together like a roof clofej: Joftudinf 
 over head, and railing a mount, took the place,-/'**”’ 
 and drove them from the ^voods ; however, they 
 purfu’d them no farther, having a Camp to 
 fortify that night. 
 
 The day after, Csfar fent his army in three 
 bodies to purfue the Britains ; but foon re- 
 call’d them, upon the news that his fleet w-as 
 the night before wreckt, torn, and caft upon 
 the fhore, by a great ftorm. So, returning to 
 the fliips, he drew them to land in ten days 
 time, and entrench’d them within the circuit of 
 his camp, and then went back to the v\'ood 
 from whence he came. Here the Britains had 
 polled themfelves with great reinforcements, 
 under the condud of Cajfivellaun or Cajjitelin, CaJfibsUa- 
 who, by common confent, was made tlieir 
 Prince and General. Their horfe and Chariots 
 encounter’d the Romans in their march, with 
 much lofs on both fides. After fome paufe, as 
 the Romans were taken up in fortifying their 
 camp, the Britains fell upon the guards with 
 great fiercenefs, and charg’d back again throi^h 
 two Cohorts, which, with tlie flower of two 
 Legions, C$far had fent to intercept them ; and 
 fo made a fafe retreat. The day following, the 
 Britains appear’d very thin here and there upon 
 the hills; but at noon, Csefar having fent out 
 three legions and ail his horfe, to forage, the 
 Britains fell upon them ; but were repulfed 
 with great flaughter. And xiow thofe Aids 
 which they had got together, went off and left 
 them ; fo that the Britains never after en- 
 counter’d the Romans with their full ftrength. 
 
 From hence, Csfar march’d with his army to 
 the River Thames, into the territories of Ca.]i- The River 
 njellautt ; where, on the other fide of the river, Thames. 
 he found a great army of the Britains drawn up; 
 having faften’d lharp ftakes in the bottom of the 
 river. However, the Romans wading up to 
 the neck, went over fo refolutely, that the 
 Britains quitted their poll and fled ; but not for 
 fear of tower-back’ d Elephants, as Polia^nus has 
 
 * Proxittta 
 
 itquineBii 
 
 die. 
 
 Caflivellaun,defpairing now of any fuccefs by 
 figliting, retains with him only four thoufand 
 Charioteers, and refolves to watch the motion 
 of the Romans, Tallying out upon their horfe, 
 as oft as they happen’d to feparate and ftraggle 
 in foraging ; and fo he kept them from ranging 
 in theCountry. In the mean time xheT'rinobantesH'^e Trino., 
 furrender themfelves to Csefar, defiring he would 
 proteft Mandubratius (call’d by Eutropius and 
 Bede, out of fome loft pieces of Suetonius, An- us, slfo call’d 
 drogm-itiSy and by our Britains Androgeus) againft -^>^drcgsus. 
 Caffivellaun, and fend him to be their Gover- 
 
li 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 Jii 
 
 /ithenxus. 
 
 •f- PubUca ff 
 cum fata du- 
 ccntem, 
 
 FJiny, 
 
 Servlus Hono' 
 ratus. 
 
 nour. Caefar fends him, and demands forty 
 hoftages, and provifioii for his army. After 
 their example, the Cenitnagni, Segontiacij Anca- 
 litesy Bibrociy and the Caffiiy furrender them- 
 felves from whom Csfar having learnt that 
 Caffmellauns town was not far off, fortified with 
 woods and fens ,* he goes and aflaults it in two 
 places. The Britains fly out at another fide j 
 yet many of them are taken in the flight, and 
 cut off. 
 
 In the mean time, at the command of Cafli- 
 vellaun, four petty Kings of Kent, Cingetorix, 
 Carviliusy 'faximagulmy and Segonaxy fell upon 
 the Camp in which the Romans had intrench’d 
 their Shipping ; but the Romans iflu’d out, and 
 bear them off, taking Cingetorix Prifoner. Caf- 
 fivellaun, after fo many defeats (but mov’d 
 more particularly by the revolt of thofe Cities) 
 fent Embafladors, with Comm Atrebatenjisy _ to 
 Csfar, to treat of furrendring. C^far, having 
 refolv’d to winter on the continent, demands 
 hoftages, and appoints a yearly tribute to be 
 paid from Britain to the Romans, ordering 
 Caflivellaun to do nothing prejudicial to Alan- 
 dubratiusy or the Trinobantes ; and fo tranfports 
 his whole aimy, with a great number of cap- 
 tives, at two embarkments. Thus much from 
 Csfar, of his own War in Britain. 
 
 Eutropius, from fome pieces of Suetonius 
 which are now loft, adds farther : 
 
 Scavay one of Cafar s foldiersy and four more 
 luitb him, came over before in a little {hip to a 
 rock near the IJland, and voere there left by the tide. 
 ‘The Britains in great numbers fell upon thefefew 
 Romans ; yet his companions got back again. Sc«eva 
 continues undauntedy overcharg d luith weapons on all 
 Jides i fir ft, refilling them with his fpear, and after 
 with bis fword, fingle againfi a multitude. And 
 when he was at length weary and wounded, and had 
 lofi both helmet and buckler, he {warn off with two 
 * coats of mail to Cafar s Camp ; where he beggd 
 pardon for his rafbnefs, and had the honour to be 
 made a Centurion. 
 
 When Caefar firft came into this Ifland, he 
 was fo moderate, and fo far from the pomp 
 and ftate of the prefent age, that Cotas (who 
 was the greateft Officer in his camp but one) 
 tells us in his Greek Commentary concerning the 
 Commonwealth of Rome, that all his retinue was 
 but three fervants. H'^sen he was in Britain, fays 
 Seneca, and could not endure that his greatnejs 
 fiould be confind within the Ocean, he had the news 
 of bis daughter* s death, and f the publick calamities 
 like to follow thereupon', yet he foon overcame his 
 grief, m he did every thing elje. Returning Con- 
 queror from Britain, he offer’d to Venus Gene- 
 ■trix in her Temple, a Corflet of Britifh Pearls. 
 Some of his Britifh Captives he appointed for 
 the Theater, with certain tapeftry-hsngings 
 wherein he had reprefented hisBritifhViftcries. 
 Thefe were often taken away by the Britains, 
 being the People reprefented in them j and 
 hence that of Virgil ; 
 
 In the Gar- 
 dens of Car- 
 dinal dc Car- 
 pente. 
 
 * Zellicario- 
 rum. 
 
 Purpurea intexti toliaht aulaa Britanni. 
 
 And how the tap’ftry where themfelves are 
 wrot^ht. 
 
 The Britifh flaves pull down.— — 
 
 And the Britains were not only appointed to 
 ferve the Theater, but alfo (to note tliis by the 
 by) the Emperor’s ; as appears by an old 
 infeription of that age, which makes mention 
 of a Decurio over the Britifh * Sedan-men. Of 
 this Conqueft of Cjcfar’s, an ancient Poet writes 
 thus, 
 
 Vis invibia viri reparata claffe Britarmos 
 
 Vicity tX hofiiles Rheni compejeuit undos. 
 
 Unconquer’d force ! his fleet new rigg’d 
 o’recame 
 
 The Britifh Troops, and Rhine s rebellious 
 Stream. 
 
 Hither alfo may be referr’d that of Claudian, 
 concerning the Roman valour : 
 
 Nec jieth oceano, remifepue ingreffa profuti- 
 dum, 
 
 Vincendos alio quafivit in orbe Britannos. 
 
 Nor ftop’d he here, but urg’d the bound- 
 lefs flood. 
 
 And fought new Britifh Worlds to be fub- 
 du’d. 
 
 Moreover, Cicero in a Poem now loft, intitPd 
 Qiiadrigx, extols Csfar for his exploits in Bri- 
 ' tain, to the very skies, and as it were in a poe- 
 tical chariot : and this we have upon the autho- 
 , rity of Verrerim Pedemontanm. For thus he 
 writes, 1 will draw Britain in your colours, but 
 with my own pencil. However, others are of opi- 
 nion, that he only frighted the Britains by one 
 luccefsful battle ; or, as Lucan fays, who indeed 
 had no kindnefs for C^far’s Family, 
 
 Territa quafitis oftendit terga Britannis. 
 
 Fled from the Britains whom his arms had 
 fought. 
 
 And7flci??«, a grave and folidAuthor writes, that 
 he did not conquer Britain, but only fhewd it to 
 the Romans. Horace hints, as if he fcarce touch* d 
 it i when, flattering Auguflus, he fays, the Bri- 
 tains remain’d untouch’d, 
 
 JntaBm out Britannm ut defeenderet 
 Sacra catenatm via. 
 
 Or Britains yet untouch’d, in chains fhou’d 
 come, 
 
 To grace thy triumph, through the ftreets 
 of Rome. 
 
 And Propertius, 
 
 Te manet inviBus Romano Marte Britannm. 
 
 Britain, that fcorn’d the yoakof ourcommand. 
 
 Expects her fate from your viaorious hand. 
 
 So far is that of the Court-hiftorian Velleius 
 Paterculus from being truej Cafar pafs*d twice 
 through Britain-, lince it was hardly enter’d by 
 him. For, many years after tins expeuiiion 
 of Csfar, the Ifland was fubje^ to its own Diit 
 Kings, and govern d by its own Laws. 
 
 Auguflus Icems induftrioufly to have negleded jugujlus. 
 this llland; for he reckon'd it a kind of f 
 cree, as I acitus fays (and perhaps he thought it 
 the wifefl\va.y) That the Roman Empvre fhould be 
 bounded, i. e. that the Ocean, the Iftre, and the 
 Euphrates, were the limits which nature had 
 fet it : 'I'o the end it might be an adamantine 
 Empire (for (o Auguflus it m fulian)lTi Cafitrs. 
 
 and not, like a fhip which is too big, prove 
 unweildy, and flnk under its own weight j as 
 it has ufually happen’d to ocher great States. 
 
 Or elfe, as thinks, he contemn’d it, as if 
 its enmity was not worth the fearing, nor any 
 thing in it worth the having ; and it was 
 thought, that no fmall damage might be done 
 
 them 
 
 t 
 
liii 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 liv 
 
 Straho. 
 
 * Torquzs* 
 
 'Tihtriuu 
 
 them by thofe other Countreys about it. But. 
 ^vhatever might be the cauie, this is certain, 
 that after Julius had been here, and the Civil 
 Wars of the Empire broke out, Britain for 
 a long while W'as not regarded by the Ro- 
 mans, even in peaceful times. Yet at laft, 
 Auguflus was on his Journey from Rome to 
 invade Britain. Whereupon, Horace at that 
 time addreifes himfelf to the Goddefs Fortune 
 at Antium } 
 
 Serves iturum Cafarem in ult'mos 
 Orhis Britannos. 
 
 Preferv'e great Cafar, while his arms he bends 
 
 To feek new foes in Britain s fartheft lands. 
 
 But, after he had got as far as Gaul, the Bri- 
 rains fent their addrefles for peace j and fome 
 petty Princes, having obtained his favour by 
 Embaffies and by good offices, made oblations 
 in the Capitol, and rendred abnofitbe whole IJland 
 intimate and familiar to the Romans', fo that they 
 paid all impofis very contentedly, as they do at this 
 day, for fuch commodities as were convey d, to and fro, 
 beween Gaul and Britain. “Thefe were, ivory, bridles, 
 * Chains, amber, and glafs Vejfels, and fuch com^ 
 mon fort of ware. And therefore there needed no 
 garrijon in the Ifland. For it would require at leaf 
 one Legion and fome horfe, if Tribute was to be raisM j 
 and that would hardly defray the charge oj the Forces', 
 for the impofis mufi necejfarily he leffend, if a tribute 
 was impos'd and when violent courfes are once taken, 
 danger is never far off. The next year likewife, 
 he intended a defeent upon Britain, for breach 
 of treaty ; but he was diverted by an infur- 
 redlion of the Cantabri and others in Spain. And 
 therefore there is no reafon to believe Landinus 
 Servius, or Philargyms, who would conclude that 
 Auguflus triumph’d over the Britains, from 
 thofe verfes of Virgil : 
 
 Ft duo rapta ma'nu diverfo ex hofie trophaa 
 Bifque triumphatas utroque d littore gentes. 
 
 Gain’d from two foes two trophies in his 
 hands. 
 
 Two nations conquer’d on the neighbouring 
 flrands. 
 
 To that Submiflion of the Britains, without 
 queflion, this of Horace relates : 
 
 Cf/o tonantem credidimta fovem 
 Regnare prafens divus habebitur 
 Augufius, adjeBts Britannis 
 Jmperio, gravibujque Fe'rfis. 
 
 When thundring ^ove we heard before. 
 
 Trembling w'e own’d his heavenly power. 
 
 To Cafar now we’ll humbly bow, 
 
 Cafar’s a greater god below. 
 
 When conquer’d Britain fheaths her fword. 
 
 And haughty Perfia calls him Lord. 
 
 Tiberius (no way ambitious to extend the 
 bounds of the Empire,) feems to have follow’d 
 the policy of Auguflus ; for he produc’d a book 
 written with Auguflus’s own hand, containing 
 the Revenue of the Empire how many citizens and 
 allies were in arms, and the number of fleets, king- 
 doms, provinces, tributes, or impofis belonging to the 
 State ; with his advice at laPi, of keepi'ng the Em- 
 pire within bounds. ^Vhich, as Tacitus fays, 
 pleas’d him fo well, that he made no attempt 
 upon Britain, nor kept any Forces there. For 
 where Tacitus reckons up the Legions, and in 
 what countreys they were garrifon’d at that 
 
 time, he makes no mention of Britain. Yet the 
 Britains feem to have continued in amity with 
 the Romans •, For Germanicus being on a voy- 
 age at that time, and fome of hismen driven by 
 flrefs of weather upon this Ifland, the petty 
 Princes fent them home again. 
 
 It is evident enough, that Caius Cafar de-c. Caligula', 
 fign’d to invade this Ifland ; but his own fickle 
 and unfleady temper, and the ill fuccefs of his 
 great-armies in Germany, preventedit. EoxtoSuptonius in 
 the end he might terrihe Britain and Germany Caligula. 
 (both which he threaten’d to invade) with the 
 fame of fome prodigious work, lie made a 
 bridge between the Baia and the Piles of Puteoli, 
 three thoufand fix hundred p.aces in length. 
 
 But he did nothing more in this expedition, than re- 
 ceive Adminius the fan oj Cunobellin, a King of the jiiminius, 
 Britains, who was banijh'd by his f ather, and had 
 fled wit ha fmall number oj men, and furrender dbim- 
 felj to the Emperor. Upon that, ij the whole 
 Ifland had been nfa furrender d, he wrote boafiing 
 letters to Rome, often charging the Exprefs that was 
 fent, to drive up * into the very Forum and Senate- * forum 
 Houfe, and not to deliver them but in Mars s Fern- at^ue Curiam, 
 pie and in a full Senate, to the Confuls. Afterward, Dio. 
 marching forward to the Ocean {as if be dejlgnd a 
 defeent upon Britain) he drew up his army on the fi)ore‘, 
 and then \ taking flip and launching out a little, re- jpTriremi ten- 
 turned, and being feated in a high pulpit, gave thefeenfi. 
 fignal for battle, commanding an alarm to be founded', 
 
 ' and on a fudden ordered the faldiers to gather faells. 
 
 With thefe fpoils (f or he wanted thofe of the enemy 
 wherewith to triumph) he pleafed himfelf as if he had 
 conquered the very Ocean and fa having rewarded 
 his faldiers, he brought the fioells to Rome, that his 
 booty might be faen and admir’d there. A'nd in me~ 
 mory of his vitlory, he built a very high tower ; from 
 which, asfrom a watch-tower, there might be lights Haruti 
 kept for the direBion of failors in the night. 'I'he 
 ruins of it are fometimes feen on the coafl of 
 Holland at low water; and it is called by the 
 people thereabouts Britenhuis ; where they often 
 find flones with Inferiptions, one of which was 
 C. C. P. F. and is interpreted by them, I know 
 not how truly, Caius Caligula Pbarum Fecit. But 
 more of this, in the Britifh IJlunds. 
 
 From hence-forwardjthe inner parts of Britain C/aai/w, 
 (defeated by civil fadions of their o\\ n rather 
 than by the power of the Romans, and a tcer 
 much {laughter on both fides,) fell by little and 
 little under the fubjedion of tiie Empire. For, 
 while they fought iingly one by one, all were 
 conquer’d in the end; being fo bent upon tueir 
 own deflrudion, that till they were all lubdued, 
 they were nor fenlible that what any pan lofl, 
 was a lofs to the whole. Nay, fuch was the 
 power of ambition among fome of tnem, that ic 
 corrupted and drew them oV'.r to the enemy’s 
 fide, making them zealous for tlie R.^man in- 
 terefl to the deflrudion of their own coumry. 
 
 The chief of thefe was Bericus, ^^•ho perfwaded 2cr$cu$', 
 Claudius to invade Britain (which no one had 
 attempted fince f. Cufar,) being then embroiled 
 by fadion and civil w^ars ; upon pretence of 
 their proteding certain fugitives. Claudius 
 therefore orders AuIpu Plautipts the Prator, to lead Piautl- 
 an army into Britain, who had much difficulty to get us. 
 the faldms out of France', for they took it ill, that 
 they were to carry on a war in another world ; and 
 drew out the time with delays. But whenNarcijfm, ' 
 who was fent to them by Claudim, mounted the ‘Tri- 
 bunal of Plautius, and began to fpeak to them ; the 
 faldiers were fo offended at it, that they fell into the 
 common Cry, Jo Saturnalia {for it is a cuflom, 
 during the Saturnalia, for the flaves to celebrate that 
 feasi in the habit of their mafiers,) and forthwith 
 followed Plautius chearfuUy. Having divided his 
 army into three bodies, leH, all arriving in one place, 
 
 they 
 
Iv 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 Iv 
 
 they might pffibly be kindred from landing j they luere 
 driven back by contrary -winds, and Jo found fome 
 difftculty, in Transporting. let taking heart again 
 fby reafon a meteor run from eaU to -weU, vohither 
 they were failing,) they arrived at the Ifland without 
 any dijlurbance. For the Britains, upon the news of 
 what I have already mentioned, imagining they would 
 mt come, had neglecled to mufler ', and therefore, 
 without uniting, withdrew into their fens and woods, 
 fxiping tofruftrate the enemy s defi^, and wear them 
 out with delays, cu they hadfervdQx(o.T, Plautim 
 therefore woe at much trouble to find them out. 
 After he had found them {they were not then free, but 
 fubjeB to Several Kings) he firfi overcame Catafa- 
 tacus, and after him Togodumnus, , the fons of 
 Cynobelline who wcu then dead. T’hefe flying before 
 him, part of the Bodunni Surrender’d, who at that 
 time were fubjeB to the Catuellani. Leavinga gar- 
 rifon there, he went on to a certain river ; and the 
 barbarians thinking it impajfable by the Romans 'with- 
 out a bridge, lay carelefs and negligent in their Camp 
 on the other fide. Plautius therefore fends the 
 Germans over, being accufiomed to fwim through the 
 firongefi current in their arms. ‘Fhefe falling upon 
 the enemy by furprife, ftruck not at the men, but al- 
 together at the horfes in their chariots ; which being 
 once difordefd, the men were not able to fit them. 
 Next to them, he made Flavius Vefpafianus who 
 vsas afterwards Emperor, and his brother Sabinus a 
 lieutenant, inarch over i who by furprife pafs’d the 
 river, and cut off many of the Britains. However, 
 the refl did not fly, but engaged them forefolutely next 
 day, that it continued a doubt which way the vithry 
 inclin’d ; /iV/C. Sidius Geta, after he had been well- 
 nigh taken by the enemy, gave them fuch a Defeat, 
 that the honour of a Triumph was granted him at 
 Romejfcr this great fervice, though he hadneverbeen 
 Conful. From hence, the Barbarians drew back to- 
 wards the mouth of the 'I'iiames, where it Jlagnates by 
 the flowing of the tide ; and being acquainted with 
 the nature of the places (which were firm and forda- 
 ble, and which mt,) puffed it eafily ; xvhereas the 
 Romans in purfuing them, ran great hazards. How- 
 ever, the Germans fwimming, and the others get- 
 ting over by a bridge above, they fet upon the 
 Barbarians, and killed great numbers of them, but in 
 the heat of the purfuit, they fell among bogs and losi 
 many of their own men. Upon this indifferent fuc- 
 cefs, and becaufe the Britains were fofar from being 
 daunted at the death of Togodiimnus, that they 
 made preparations, with greater fury, to revenge it, 
 Vhutius went no farther ■, but fearing theworfi, took 
 
 Silanus, his fons-in-law, before him, with the news 
 of his viBory. Thus Dio. But buoconius fa}S, 
 that he had parr ot' the Illand furrcnder'd to 
 him, ’without the hazard ot a battle or the ex- 
 pence of blood. His ilay in Britain xsas about 
 iixteen days ; and in that rime he remitted to 
 the Britilli Nobility the Confilcation of cheii* 
 goods j tor wliich favour they frequented his 
 temple, and adored him as a God. And now, 
 after lix months ablence, he returns tu Rome, 
 
 It was efleemed fo great an Action to couqui. r 
 bur a fmall part ot Britain, tliac auniverlary 
 games, triumphal arch.es both at Rome and. at 
 Bullogne ill Gaul, and laill}', a glorious tri- 
 umph, were decreed by the Senate, in honour 
 of Claudius: at -which, the Goiernours of the 
 Provinces, and alfo fome outlaws, were permit- 
 ted to come into theCity, and be pietent. Up- 
 on the top of the Emperor’i Pakce, -w'as fixed a 
 naval crown, to imply his conqueil and love- 
 reignty of the Briciih fe.i. The Provinces con- 
 tributed golden crowns > Gadia Comata one ot 
 nine pound weight, andtiie hither-.^uirt one of 
 feveii. His entry into the Capitol was byfleps, 
 and upon his knees, fupported by his fons-in- 
 law on each tide i and he entered the Adriatick 
 lea, triumphant, in a great houfe, rather than- 
 in a fhip. The firfi feat was allowed to his 
 confort Meffalina and it -was farther decreed by 
 the Senate, that ftie fhould be carried in a 
 ^'Chariot. After this, he made triumphal games,* Carpento. 
 taking the Confulihip upon liim for that end. 
 
 Thefe were ftiewn at once in two Theatres } 
 and many times upon his going out, they were 
 committed to the charge of others. He promised 
 as irtany Horfe-races as could be run that day ; 
 yet they were in all but ten matclies ; for be- 
 tween every eourfe there was bear-baiting, 
 wreflliiig, and pyrrhick dancing by boys fent out 
 of Alia on purpofe. He alfo bellow’d trium- 
 phal t honours upon Valerim Afiatkm, Julim Ornamenta. 
 lanm, Sidius Geta, and others, for this viiftory. 
 
 Licinius Craffus Frugi was allowed to ride next 
 
 after him, his hovle in trappings, and himfelf 
 
 in * a robe of date-rree-work. Upon Pofidius'* Vefie palma- 
 
 Spado he bellow’d f a Spear without an head j to 
 
 C. Gavins he gave chains, bracelets, horfe-'^^"^'*-^'*'” 
 
 trappings, and a crown of gold j as may be 
 
 feen in an antieiit marble at * Turin. * Taurlni, 
 
 In the mean time, Aulm Plautius carry’d on 
 tile war W'ith fuch fuccefs, that Claudius de- 
 creed him an Ovation, and went to receive him. 
 
 Elephants. 
 
 affairs were in a dangerom condition. For this expe- 
 dition, among much equipage and preparations of other 
 kinds. Elephants were alfo provided. Claudius, 
 upon receiving this news, commits the government of 
 affairs Civil and Military to Vitellius his fellovs-Con- 
 jul (for he had put him in that offee with himfelf, 
 for fix months :) And now be fails from the City to 
 Oflia, and from thence to Marfeilles, andfo on, the 
 refi of his journey, partly by land, and partly by fea, 
 till he came to the Ocean then he fail'd over into 
 Britain where he went direBly to his forces that 
 were expeBing him at the Thames, Having taken 
 tipon himfelf the command of the army, he pafs’d the 
 river, andupona fet battle with the enemy, who were 
 pofied there to receive him, obtained the viBory, took 
 Camalodunum, the Royal feat oj Cunobellin, and a 
 great number therein, prifoners ; many by force, and 
 otheis byfurrender. Upon this, he wm fever al times 
 greeted Emperor ', a thing, contrary to the Roman 
 praBice : for it was not lawful for a General to af- 
 fume that title above once in one war. To conclude 
 Claudius having difarmed the Britaim, leaves Plau- 
 tim to govern them, and to ftihdue the reli; and re- 
 turns himfelf to Rome, having fent Pompeius and 
 
 fl "Pt I’i* “try intotheCity ; giving him the right- 
 
 Rome>rCkudius; hmg commanded fo to do, </ rid to the Lpitol, andre- 
 
 turn’d from it. And now Veffafian began to .ap-yyja/a,. 
 pear in the world; who being by Claudius 
 made an Officer in the Wars of Britain, partly 
 under Claudius himfelf, .and partly under Plau- 
 tim, fought the enemy thirty times, fubdu’d 
 two of their moil potent Nations, took above 
 twenty towns, and conquer’d the Me of 
 Upon this account, he was honour’d with tri-'^"'’**'*"' 
 umphal Ornaments, and twice with the Priell-'' '*'■ 
 hood in a Ihort time : and alfo with the Con- 
 fulfllip, which he enjoy’d the two laft months 
 of the year. Here alfo TitHs ferv’d as Tribune 
 under his father, with the reputation of a labo- 
 rious and valiant foldier (for he fet his father at 
 
 liberty, when befieg’d by the enemv;) and he 
 was no lefs famous for his charaaerof Modefty;“'”"'^ 
 as .appears by the number of his ||Statues, and!,- 
 
 rlif» Tnri^i'inTi'ranc .-Ue.,.,.! ,-U.. t ^ 'I * 
 
 the inferiptions of them, throughout Germany 
 and Britain. What was tranfafted afterwards 
 in Britain, till the latter end of Domitian's 
 reign, Tacitus (who is bell able) fliall inform 
 vou. P. Oflorim, Proprator in Britain, found af-p odoriiis 
 fairs ingreat diforder, by reafon of the many inroads'ptoi’txcox, 
 into the territories of our Aliks j and t/.ofe the mere 
 ounagions. 
 
Ivii 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 Iviii 
 
 outragiom, kcaufe they did not expeld that a Gene- 
 ral but newly made, and unacquainted with the army, 
 would take the field to afpojethem in the beginning oj 
 winter. But OHorius, fenfible how much firB E- 
 vents would either fink or raife his reputation, fet oat 
 againB them with finch ‘Troops as wer^e at hand', put 
 thofe v:ho rejlfied him to the fword , ' and purfu d the 
 reB ii)ho were difperfed and routed, that they might 
 not rally and unite again. And becaufe a treacherous 
 and flight peace would be no jecurity to the General or 
 his Army, he prepared to dijarmtbe fufpicious, and 
 to pofl his forces upon the rivers Ancona and Sabrina^ 
 Jceni. to oheck them upon all occaflons. But firfl, the Ic--ni 
 
 could not brookthis, a potent nation, and not yet fl)u- 
 ken by the wars > having before fought the friefidfldp 
 of the Romans. By their example, the bordering 
 nations rife likewife encamping in a convenient place 
 fenc’d with an earthen rampier, and accefflhle by a 
 narrow pajfage only, to prevent the entrance of the 
 horfe. 'the Roman General, though without ^ hii Le- 
 gions, drew up his Auxiliary troops to force the 
 Camp j and, having pofled his Foot to the befl advan- 
 tage, brought up the Horfe likewife for the fame fer- 
 vice. "fhe flgnal being given, they fore d the ram- 
 part, and dijorder’d the Enemy pent up and hinder’d 
 f Clauflris. by their own * entrendments. However, thp de- 
 fended tkemfelves with great valour, being conjdom of 
 their ownbafenefs inrevohing, andfenfeble that their 
 efcape was impoftble. M. Oflorim, the Lieutenant’s 
 fan, had the honour of faving a citiz.en in this 
 battle. 
 
 By this defeat of the Iceni, other States that were 
 then wavering, were confirm’d and fettled and fo he 
 march’d with his army among the Cangij waflang 
 the fields, and ravaging the Country. Nor durH the 
 enemy engage m j but, if by ambufeade they happen d 
 to fall upon our rear, they fufferdfor their treachery. 
 
 Cangi. 
 
 T’hemfrom flavery and taxes, and the Bodies of their 
 wives and children from difl:)0nonr. "The foldiers, in- 
 flam’d with thefe fpesches, bound themfelves by mu- 
 tual vows, after their refpeciive Rites, that neither 
 weapons nor wounds fisould eve'r make them yields 
 Fins Courage and Rifolution amazfd the Roman 
 General : a river to crofs, a rampier on the other 
 fide, fteep mountains in the way ; every thing terrible, 
 and firongly guarded j all this quite daunted him. 
 
 However, his army clamour d to be led on, crying, that 
 
 nothing was impregnable to Valour ; which z.eal was 
 
 the more encr eas’d by the outcry of the * Officers to the * PrffeSi at 
 
 fame purpofe. Oflorius, objerving what paJfesTribuai, 
 
 might be won, and what not, leads them on in this 
 
 fury, andpajfestbe river without any great di fficulty. 
 
 ^Being advanc’d to the rampier, while the darts play’d 
 on both Jides, we lofl more men, and had more 
 wounded. But the Romans, f clojing their ranks und^^ tefiuc 
 their targets over-head, threw down that loofe and ir- 
 regular pile offiones, and engaging them hand to j:and, 
 forced them to the tops oj the mountains, whither 
 they were purfued by the Soldiers,]\ of heavy as well as \\ Ferentarias, 
 light Armour : the light gall’d them with darts, thigraviHue mi- 
 other, prefjing up thick and clofe, put them into dij- 
 order havingneither head-piece nor coat of mail to 
 dfend them. If they made a fiand againfi the Auxi- 
 liaries, they fell under the fword and * Javelins oj * 
 the Legionaries if they faced about to the Legionariei, 
 they were cut off | h the fwords and pikes oj c/;t+ ^ 
 Auxiliaries. Fhis was an entire vichry: Carada-^'*-^'^* 
 cus’j- wife and daughter were taken ', and bis Brothers 
 furrender’d themfelves. He (as one mifebiefever jails 
 upon the neck of another') craving the proteEhon of 
 Cartifmandua Queen of the Bhgantes, uitw/eA’i 
 by her, and delivered to the Conqueror, in the ninth 
 year of t/se Britifh war. Upon this. Ins renown fpread 
 in the Ifiand, and in the provinces adjoyning; fo that 
 his name grew famom in Italy, where they Iosif d to 
 
 of Camahiu- 
 num. 
 
 i n j t t And now he was advanc d* as far almofl as the ^ — j , . i , r'f , , 
 
 n^JlnfiZlriff Sea, when afedition among the Brigaiites re- fee who he was, that for fo many years had defy d the 
 afpeBat. call’d him', refolving to make no new conquefis, till rmghty^ power of the Empire. Nay, the name 
 Briganies, jjg fecur’d the old. Fbe Brigantes wes-e foon 
 quieted j a few who bad taken up arms being put to 
 death, and the reH pardoned. But the Silures were 
 not to be reclaim’d by feverity or mercy ; and there- 
 fore a Legion was encamp’d there, to awe and refrain 
 Thc^C^lony Fo funher this, Camalodumim, a Roman 
 
 Colony, with a firong body of Veterans, was planted 
 in the new conquefis j as an Aid in readinefs upon any 
 revolt, and a means to inure their Allies to law and 
 order. Some cities were given ?o Cogidunus ; 
 according to an ancient cufiom of the Romans, that 
 Kings themfelves might be their mis to enfiave 
 others. 
 
 From hence they marched into the country of the 
 Silures ; who, befides their own natural fiercenefs, 
 relyd much upon the valour of Caradacus, eminent 
 above all the Commanders in Britain, by his long'' 
 experience in afiairs both doubtful and profperom. 
 
 He, knowing the Country better than the Enemy, and 
 being at the bead of a weaker army, removes the war 
 into the territories of the Ordovices, drawing to his 
 ajfiftance all fuch as were averfe to Peace ; and there 
 he refolves to try his la(i fortune, pofiing bimfelf fo: 
 that the paffes, retreats, and aU other things were on 
 his fide, and the difadvantages all on ours. No accefs, 
 but by fteep mountains ; aiH where they were pajfable, 
 block’d up with ftones as with a rampier, and a river 
 bef ore him, the fords whereof were difficult and un- 
 certain, and thefe guarded by his ^beft troops. Befides, 
 
 Sarallamf 
 
 Orilovites, 
 
 in theilargin their feveral commanders went up and down, confirm- 
 KatUnum, ing and encouraging the foldiers, with the great hopes 
 of viliory, and the little reafon to doubt of juccejs, 
 and fuch like motives. Caraftacus, riding up and 
 down, put them in mind, that this was the Day, and 
 this the Engagement, that would either begin their 
 Uherty or their bondage for ever reciting the lyames 
 of their anceftors, who haddriven C«far the Delator 
 mtof Britain-, whofe Valour hitherto had prejerv d 
 
 Caradacus was not inglorious at Rome it felf: And 
 Cafar, by extolling his own victory, made the Captive 
 more eminent. For the people were called together, 
 as to fomewbat great and wonderful. Fhe Empe- 
 ror’s guards were drawn up in the plain before their 
 Camp. Fhen came the King’s vajfals and retinue, 
 his trappings, chains, and other trophies, acquir d in 
 foreign wars ; next, his brothers, his wife, and 
 daughter ; and laft of all, himfelf Fhe addrefs of 
 others was bafe and mean, through fear ', but Qol- 
 radacus,- not dejeEied either in Looks, or kVords, 
 fpeke to this purpofe, as he flood at Cafar s Fri- 
 bunal. 
 
 If the moderation of my mind in profperity, had 
 been anfwerable to my Quality and Fortune, I might 
 have come a friend rather than a captive, into this 
 city ; and you, without difhomur, might have been 
 Confederates to one, royally defended, and then at the 
 head of many nations. As to my prefent condition ; 
 to me it is difgraceful, to you it is gloriom. I bad 
 horfes,men,arms,riches; why is it ftrange tbatijhould 
 heuvrwiUing to part with them ? But fince your power 
 and Empire muft be univerfal, we of courfe, as weU 
 as all others, muft befubjeH If I bad forth-witb 
 yielded, neither my fortune, nor your glory, had been 
 fo eminent in the world. My grave would have bu- 
 ried the memory of it, as well as me. IVhereas, if 
 you fuffer me to live now, / fball ftand an everlaft- _ 
 ing monument of your Clemency. ^ 
 
 Upon this fpeech, Caefar pardon d not only him, but 
 his wife and brothers } and being all unbound, they 
 made their addreffes to Agrippina (with the lih com- 
 mendation and reverence as they had done to Cafar jj 
 fhe fitting in another high Chair at no great diftance. 
 A thing ftrange and unknown to ourFore-fatherSi_ 
 that a woman fhould fit commanding at the head of 
 the Roman troops. But fhe carried her felf likeapart- 
 ner and afiociate in the Empire, as gotten by the va- 
 h lour 
 
lix 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 is 
 
 lour of her Ancefiors. After this, the Senators being 
 called together, made many glorious fpeeches concerning 
 their Prifoner Caraftacus ; averting it to be no lejs 
 great, than when P. Scipio jhewed Siphaces ; or 
 L. Paulus, Perfes j or whoever elfe fiew’ d captive- 
 Kings to the People. T’o Oflorius they decreed the 
 honour of a Triumph. 
 
 Thefc Vidories in Britain are related by 
 Writers, as the moft famous monuments of the 
 Roman Bravery. Hence Seneca. Claudim was 
 the firfi who could glory in conquering the Britains 
 for ‘fulius Ccefar did no more than foew them to the 
 Romans. In another place alfo, 
 
 IQe Britannos 
 Ultra noli 
 Littora ponti, 
 
 Et caruleos 
 Scuta Brigantes 
 Dare Romuleis 
 CoUa cathenis 
 
 & ipfum 
 Nova Romance 
 ‘fura fecuris 
 Ti emere Oceanum. 
 
 ’Twas he, whofe all-commanding yoke. 
 The fartheft Britains gladly took 
 
 Him the Brigantes in Jolue arms ador’d, 
 
 When fubjed ^vaves confefs’d his power. 
 Retrain’d with laws they fcorn’d before. 
 
 And trembling Neptune ferv’d a Roman Lord. 
 
 And thus Seneca the Tragedian concerning 
 Claudius, in his Oclavia, 
 
 Cuique Britanni 
 T'erga dedere, ducihm nojlris 
 Ante ignoti, jurifque Jui. 
 
 The haughty Britains he brought dow'n. 
 
 The Britains to our arms unknown 
 
 Before, and mailers of their own. 
 
 In the fame place likewife, upon his palling the 
 Thames. 
 
 En qui ora T'amijis primm pofuic jugum. 
 Ignota tantis clajjibm texit freta, 
 
 Interqne gentes barbaras tutM fait, 
 
 Etfava maria, conjugis feeler e oeddit. 
 
 See i he whom firll "Thames dubborn dream 
 obey’d, 
 
 Who unknown feas withfpreading navieshid, 
 
 Secure thro’ waves, thro’ barb’rous foes is 
 come, 
 
 Heavens! to be murder’d by his wife at 
 home. 
 
 Thus .iEgedppus alfo, concerning Claudiw. 
 of this, Britain is an inftance ', which, lying out of 
 the world, is by the power of the Roman Empire re- 
 duced into the world. IP/'hat was unknown to former 
 ages, is difeovered by the Roman viSlories j and they 
 are now made Jlaves, who being bom to freedom, 
 Jinew not what jervitude meant -, who were the whole 
 breadth of the Ocean beyond the reach of any Superior 
 power, and knew not what fear was, becaufe they 
 knew none to be afraid of So that to make a defeent 
 upon Britain, was a greater atlion than tofubdue it. 
 Li another place. He added Britain (tiU that 
 time lying hid in the Ocean) to the Roman Empire, 
 by ks conquejisi which enrich’d Rome, and gave 
 Claudius the reputation of a politick Pnnee, and 
 Nero oj a jortunate one. And again, which is 
 the mod remarkable: T);e Elements themfehes are 
 
 fallen under the Name and Empire oj the R.(jnians, 
 who are Soveraighs oj the whole globe, which is, but 
 the bound and limit of their Do7ninions : audio con- 
 clude, it is call’d by many. The Roman world. 
 For if we fate the matter right, tie Earth it felf is 
 not of fo great extent as the Roman Empire i the Ro- 
 man Valour has pafs’d the J'ed (the bounds oj it) in 
 fearch of another world, and hasjound in Britain a 
 new feat, beyond the limits of the earth. So that, in 
 jhort, when we would deprive men, not only oj the pri- 
 viledges of Rome, but in a manner oj the converjatioa 
 of mankind, iice fend them thither, and bnnifJ) tUm 
 out of the world. "The fea is no longer a Bound •, the 
 Romans know all its corners and reufjes. Jofcidius 
 alfo, in the perfoh of I'itiis, to the Jevs. 
 IVhat jhonger wall and bulwark can thei'e be, than 
 the Ocean I And yet this cannot guard the Britains d- 
 gainji the apprehenji'ons of the'Roman arins. 
 
 Moreover, W'e have fome verfes upon this 
 fubjed, written by an excellent but unknown 
 Poet, and retriev’d by the lamous Jofeph Scali- 
 ger, in his Catalecia j which, being not eafy to 
 be met with, I will here infert : for the -N'erfes 
 are truly valuable. Tliat the Epigrams are di- 
 dind, and therefore to be fever’d, Objopam, 
 a very learned young Gentleman in Germany, 
 * lately inform’d me from fome old manuferipts. 
 
 Aufoniis nunquam tellus violata trimnphis, 
 
 Icla tno, Cscfar, fulmine procubuit. 
 
 Oceanufque tuas ultra fe * refpkit aras, 
 
 Qui finis mundo ejl, f non erit impey to. 
 
 Viola prills nulli, janijam fpeclata triumplo, 
 Illibata tuos gens jacet in titulos. 
 
 Fabula vifa diu, medioque recondita pontO 
 Libera viplori jayn modo coiia dedit. 
 
 Euphrates Onus, Rhenm * inclujerit arclos, 
 Oceanus medium venit in irnperium. 
 
 Libera non hojiem, non pajfa Britannia Regem, 
 .Sternum nojiro quee procul orbe jacet. 
 
 Feelix adverjis, iSl" forte oppnjfa jecunda. 
 Communis nobis, & tibi, Cecfar, crit. 
 
 Ultima cingebat Tibris tua, Romiile, regna : 
 
 Hie tibi finis erat, religiofe Numa. 
 
 Et tua. Dive, tuum facrata potentia cocio 
 Extremum citra conjlitit Oceanum. 
 
 At nunc oceanus geminos interluk orbes. 
 
 Pars eji imperii, terminus ante fait. 
 
 Mars pater, & nofira gentis tutela Quhine, 
 
 . Et magno pofitm Ccejar uterque polo. 
 
 Cernitis ignotos Latik jub lege Britannos, 
 
 Sol citra noflrum jieSiitur irnperium. 
 
 Ultima cefferunt adoperto clauflra profunda. 
 
 Et jam Romano f cingimur Oceano. 
 
 Opponis frufira rapidum Gerkania Rhenum, 
 Euphrates prodefl nil tibi, Parthe fugax. 
 
 Oceanm jam terga dedit, nec pervius uUl, 
 
 Cajareos fajees, imperiumque tulit. 
 
 Ilia procul nojiro femota, exdufaque cHo, 
 
 Alluitur nofira vibia Britannis aqua, 
 
 * Semota, (y vafio disjunSla Britannia pento, 
 Cinclaque inaccejfis Imrida littoribi-is : 
 
 Quam pater inviUis Nereus vallaverit jtndis, 
 
 Quam fakax cefiu circuit Oceanus. 
 
 qua fngiiafemper 
 Prajujget flellis Arblos in occiduis. 
 
 Confpebl»que tuo deviela Britannia, Cafar, 
 Subdidit irfueto coka premenda jugo. 
 
 Afpice, confandit populos impervia tellus, 
 
 Conjunhlum eji, quod adhuc orbis, &orbiserat. 
 
 * So faid, 
 ann. 1607. 
 
 Anlcnius 
 Delrio reads 
 't'therwife in 
 fome pl*ce5 ; 
 for which rca- 
 fon I have fet 
 down the va- 
 rious Ifftions. 
 ^ Profpicit. 
 
 •h Nunc erit. 
 
 * Recluferat. 
 
 CingUur, 
 
 Semic. 
 
 Nations,' 
 
Ixi 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 Ixii 
 
 Nations, that never fear’d triumphant Romei 
 Struck with thy thunder, Cecfar, are o’recome. 
 The fubjeft Ocean does with wonder fee 
 Beyond his limits, altars rais’d to thee. 
 
 And the lafl borders of the fartheft land, 
 
 Shall ne’er contrad the bounds of thy com- 
 mand. 
 
 A land now conquer’d, and untouch’d till 
 now, 
 
 Crow’ns with new lawrels thy triumphant 
 brow. 
 
 Nations unfeen, and fcarce believ’d as yet. 
 To thy vidorious yoke their neck fubmit. 
 Euphrates th’Eaft, Rhine cXosd. the North be- 
 fore. 
 
 The Ocean now’s the middle of thy power. 
 
 Unus’d to ferve, unknow-ing to obey. 
 
 The fartheft Britains^ who in filence lay. 
 Now, to their better fortune overcome, 
 Encreafe the fame ot Cafar, and of Rome. 
 
 Thy lands did TibeYi Romuhn, inclofe, 
 
 And pious Numa was content with thofe. 
 
 But you, great Cafar, made your heavenly 
 power 
 
 Reach to the Ocean from the fartheflfhore. 
 The Ocean too, now fees new worlds be- 
 yond. 
 
 And that’s the middle, which was once the 
 end. 
 
 Mars audQuirtnm, W'hofe peculiar care 
 ■Vidorious Romey and all her fortunes are. 
 And you, great Cafar Sy each a glorious ftar 
 Our laws, you fee, the fartheft Britains own, 
 Our realm’s not bounded with the fetting Sun. 
 The world’s greatlimits to our arms giveway, 
 And the vaft Ocean’s but the Roman Sea. 
 
 In vain you Germans pafs the rapid Rhine, 
 YoxiParthinnslYxxid Euphrates in vain : 
 
 Whenth’ Ocean trembles at Roman fword, 
 And, with due reverence, owns its conquer- 
 ing Lord. 
 
 Britain, excluded from our warmer clime, 
 
 Is now furrounded with si Roman ftream j 
 Whofe horrid cliffs, unfathora’d feas inclofe, 
 And craggy rocks contemn invading foes. 
 
 By Neptune ^ s watry arms, with walls fuppUed, 
 And ever wet with the infulting tide. 
 
 Where frozen fields eternal w'inter mourn. 
 And Stars once rifen, never can return. 
 
 By thee, great Cafar, with a look ’tis won. 
 And bears thy yoke, a burden yet unknown. 
 Thus friends in lands impafl'able we find, 
 Thus the tw^o w'orlds are in one Empire 
 joyn’d. 
 
 To go on in the w ords of T^acitm. 'finis fa 
 Oftorius vtent on fuccefsfuUy j but now his fortune 
 began to turn ; either becaufe the war began to he 
 carried on lefs vigoroujly, m if it was now at an end 
 upon Caraftacus’j removal i or elfe becauje the ene- 
 my, in compajjion to fo great a Prince, were animated 
 with revenge, fhey jurrounded the Camp-maflers, 
 and the Legionary Cohorts, who were left behind to 
 build forts in the country of the Silures; and, if they 
 bad not been timely refeued by fuccours fivm the cafiles 
 and villages adjoining, they had been entirely cut off. 
 However, the Camp-mafier, with eight captains, and 
 themoji eager and. forward atnong the commonjoldiers, 
 were Jlain. A while after, they put our foragers to 
 flight, and alfo a body of horfe that was fent to their 
 affifiance. Upon this, Oftorius fern out fome light 
 
 t 
 
 Companies ; which yet could not havejiop’d their flight, 
 if the Legions had not advanced, and received the 
 enemy. By this Jupp/y, the battle was equal on both 
 fldes and at length we had the better: fbe enemy got 
 off with finall lojs, for it was now towards night. 
 
 Afier this, they bad Jeveral skirmsflies generally in 
 woods and marfhes, upon the incurfions 0/ the one or 
 the other, by accident or by deflgn ■, fometimes to rob 
 and pillage, fometimes to revenge , fometvnes by their 
 officer s command, and fometimes without. But the 
 chief Caufe, was the implacable obfiinacy of the Si- 
 lures, who were exafperated at a faying of the Ro- 
 man General, that as the Sugambri were dejhoyed 
 and tranfported into Gaul, fo the name ofthe Silures 
 fhould be utterly extinguifl? d. In this heat, two com- 
 panies of our auxiliaries, fent out rafhly by fome gree- 
 dy officers to pillage, were intercepted by them ', and 
 they, by difiributing the fpoil and the prifoners, drew 
 the other nations alfo to revolt. la this poflure of 
 affairs Oftorius dies, being quite jpent with fatigue 
 and trouble: fhe enemy rejoyed at his death, as a 
 General no way contemptible j and the rather, becaufe 
 though he did not fall in battle, be expir’d under the 
 burthen of that war. 
 
 Cxfar, having advice of the death of his Lieute- piUusAvUus 
 nant', lefl the Province fhould be dejiitute of a Go- Callus Pro* 
 vernour,fent A. Didius to jucceed. His voyage thi-y>xstoT. 
 they was quick but he found not things in the condi- 
 tion he defir d. Manlius Valens with bis Legion 
 had fought the enemy with great lofs ; and they mag- 
 nified their viBory, to daunt the new General : He ' 
 
 himfelf likewife magnified it j that he might gain the 
 more reputation if he quieted the prefent troubles', and 
 might more eafily be pardon d, if he did not. The 
 Silures took their advantage now, and made large 
 Incurfions ; till at lafl they were driven back by 
 Didius. 
 
 About this time, died Claudius j awdNero, 
 was not at all of a warlike temper, fucceeding him, 
 thought to draw his forces out 0/ Britain and if it 
 had not been for the fbame of feeming to detraBjrom 
 Claudius’j glory, he had certainly recall d them, 
 
 Caraftacus being taken prifoner, Venutius, 
 was born in the City of the * (the moll in the 
 
 periened foldier of the Britains, who had been margin. 
 prote'eied by the Romans, and been faithful to them, 
 during his marriage with Queen Cartifmandua) 
 revolts from m, upon a tnifunderflanding with her'\- 
 which Revolt grew at lafi into open war. At fiyfl,\ 
 the quarrel was between themfelves only and Ven^:5^)^ 
 tius’j- brother and relations were cut off by the contrir 
 vance of Cartifmandua : fihis aUion incens’d her 
 Enemies, and, out of indignation at the thoughts of 
 being govern d by a Woman, they invaded her king- 
 dom with a Hi'ong body of arm’d and choice Touth. 
 
 We, forefeeing this, fent fome forces thither to ajfifi 
 her who came to a fbarp fight, which at firH was 
 doubtful, but at lafi projperous on our fide. A legion 
 aljo commanded by Cefius Nafica came off with the 
 like good fuccefs.For Didius, being very old, and much 
 honour’ dfbr his bravery and conduB, thought it fufficient 
 to manage the war by his Officers. What had been 
 conquer’d by his predecejfors, he took care to keep en- 
 larging the extent of his frontier-garrifons a little, that 
 he might be faid to have made fome addition to the 
 old Conquejis. 'though thefe things were tranfuBed 
 under tvsoProprators, Oftorius aW Didius, in ma- 
 ny years ', yet I have given this joint account pj them, 
 lefi the flories fhould be worfe apprehended by being . 
 divided. 
 
 Didim Avitus wm fucceeded by Verannius,u 7 jo,T, 
 
 r r r n T i- ^ r , o- 
 
 ajter Jome JmaU Incurfions into the Country of theoi--pjQ^^xxox, 
 lures, was binder d by death from carrying the war- 
 further. He had the cbaraBer of a fevere General jn , 
 bis life-time, but fjoew’d himfelf Vain and Amhitiom 
 by the laB words of bis Will. For after much flat- 
 tery to Nero, he added, that if he bad liv’dtwo years 
 longer, be. would have conquer d the Provinces. 
 
 Paulinus 
 
Ixiii 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 Ixiv 
 
 PauUnus SuC' 
 tenfus Pro- 
 praetor. 
 
 DruUs. 
 
 Paiilinus Suetonius uw the nest^ Proprator oj 
 Britiim. For his conduct and reputation among the 
 People {-o^ho are e^er making comparijons) he utas e- 
 flK/a/mCorbuIo, andamhitiom to come up to his ho- 
 nour in reducing Armenia, by dejeatwg the Kebeh 
 here. He prepared therefore to invade the IJle oj Mo 
 Theinand ^hjcb vtas vseJl peopled, and had been aconfant 
 
 harbour for fugitives. For this end, he built fiat bot- 
 tom" dveffels, becaufe that Sea isfhaUovo, and, towards 
 the (bore, dangerous. Thus the foot pafs d ever-, the 
 horfe follow’d by the ford, or by jwimming where the 
 water wcu deep : The Enemy flood arm d on the jhore 
 to receive them, very thick and numerom ; the women 
 running up and down like furies, in a mourningdrejs, 
 with their hair hanging looje, and fire-brands in their 
 hands; and the Dmids round them, holding up then 
 hands towards heaven, with dreadful curjes and im- 
 precations. Thu firange fight amazf d thejoldiers, 
 who Hood Hid, as if they had loH the uje of thetr 
 limbs, and like men who were only to receive the wounds 
 of the enemy. But, encouraged by their General, and 
 exhorting one another not to fear a rout of Women 
 and frantkk people ; they difpla/d their Colours and 
 inarch’d on, drfeating all that oppos’d them, and beat- 
 ing them down, and yowling them in their own fires. 
 1 y;Q!i,Afier this, they ganifon’d * the towns of the Ifland, 
 ' and cut down the Groves, confecratedto their fuperfiiti- 
 ous and cruel Rites. For they thought it -lawful to 
 offer the blood of Captives upon their Altars ; and to 
 confult their Gods by the t Entrails of men. 
 
 During this alHon, news was brought Suetonim of 
 the revolt of the Province. Prafutagus, King of the 
 Iceni, famonsfor his great treafures, bad made Cafar 
 and his two Daughters bis heirs; thinking by this -re- 
 fpebi and complement, to fave his Kingdom and Fa- 
 mily from Infults. Which happen’d quite otherwife ; 
 Boodicia, cnUfor his Kingdom was made a prey by the Captains^, and 
 led alfo Sou- his houfe pillaged by the Jlaves. His wife Booaicia, 
 dicea, and Ve-^g Tragedy, was whipp’d, and his daughters 
 
 **^^“*' ravijhed. And, as if the whole was now become law- 
 
 ful booty, the chief of the Iceni uwf deprived of their 
 paternal efiates; andthofe of the Blood-royal treated 
 as the meanefi Jlaves. Upon this infult, and to pre- 
 vent worfe, Jince they were now reduced into a Pro- 
 vince; the people began to murmur-at and refent the 
 treatment, and to compare cne another’s misfortunes, 
 and to aggravate every thing by the worfi conJlruSlions : 
 Thai their patience would onlyfignifie thus much ; their 
 hearing one injury, would bring on another. That 
 heretofore every State had its own King; but now they 
 were fubjeBed to two, the Lieutenant and the Procu- 
 rator ; thefirH prey’d upon their blood, the fecond up- 
 
 
 f tihris. 
 Prafutagus. 
 
 was what they we\eupn, the debating; and that it 
 would be of worfe conjequence to be difcovered in the 
 plot, than to attempt the execution- 
 
 Halving animated one another with thefe and the 
 like motives, they forth-witb mk arms, under the cou- 
 Boodicia, a Lady of the Blood-royal, (for 
 the Britains make no difiincim of fex, in point of 
 Government ;) drawing over the rinobantes to re- 
 volt with them, and fuch others as veere not yet thorow- 
 ly inur’d to fiavery : Who fec/etly confpired to free 
 themfelves, with the utmofi fpight and hatred agaxnfi 
 the Veterans. For they, being newly planted in the co- 
 lony Camalodunum, had thrufi the Inhabitants Cdio-ny-Q^Ca- 
 from their houfes, and difpoffeffed them of their lands, 
 calling them Slaves and Captives ; and were encouraged 
 in this outrage by the younger foldiers, who by the fame 
 calling were in hopes to be entitled to the fame degrees of 
 Heentioufnefsi Moreover, the Temple built in honouf 
 of DiviisChtdiusJeemedto them the foundation of 
 a perpetual Tyranny, and was a ^eat eye-fore ; and 
 thePriefts, chofen under a fhew of religion to officiate 
 there, ran away with their whole Efiates. Bejides, 
 there could be no great difficulty in overthrowing a Co- 
 lony, which bad no forts nor eafiles; for our Com- 
 manders bad been fo improvident, as to confult plea- 
 fure and delight, rather than ufe and fervice. While 
 things were in this ferment, the image of the Gpddefs 
 Victoria at Camalodunum, without any vifibleSes xiphilin 
 caufe, drop’d down, and in the fall turn’d backward, irt Nero, 
 as if yielding to the enemy. Several * Enthufiaflick /« furore 
 women foretold our approaching defh-uBion. Strange turbaia. 
 ncifes were heard in the Court, and a perfebi howling in 
 the theatre; and an Apparition in the JEJiuary,* Perhaps the 
 plainly ffgnified the fubverjion oj that colony, Thames, 
 
 over, the fea look’d bloody ; and in the ebb, the effi- 
 gies of dead-mens bodies were left upon the fhore. All 
 this gave great hopes to the Britains, but defpair 
 to the Veterans j who applied themfelves to their Pro- 
 curator Catus Decianus, becaufe Suetonius was at 
 a great diflance. He fent them a fupply but of two 
 hundred men at mod, and thofe ill-armed ; whereas 
 the foldiers that were in the Colony before, were but 
 few, and rely’ d wholly upon the protection of the Tem- 
 ple. Some of thofe who were privy to the Conjpiracy, 
 had fo much blinded the Colony, that they had neither 
 made trench nor ditch to defend themfelves, nor fo much 
 as fent away the old men, and the women, referving 
 the youth only : Thus, living fupinely, as in a pro- 
 found Peace, they were lurprii'ed by the barbarous 
 multitude. As for other things, they were prefently 
 overthrown, or confumed with fire; the 'Fern pie, 
 whither the foldiers had fled, was befieged, and on the 
 
 ontheir efiates. Lhat the enmity and the friendfhip fecond day taken. The Britains being thus Conqui 
 
 of the Governours, proved equally pernkiom; the one 
 epprefs’d them with foldiers and Officers, the other 
 with extortion and affronts. That they could be fare oj 
 nothing, which either lufl or covetoufnefs might re- 
 commend to the Romans. That in war, he had the 
 fpoil who had the moB courage and bravery to take it; 
 but that they were pillaged by cowards and weaklings. 
 That thefe wei-e the men that bereft them oj their chil- 
 dren, andprejs’d them at their pleafare for foreign 
 fe)vke ; as if the Britains could fight for any country 
 but their own. What vaH numbers of foldiers would 
 they appear to have tranfported, fhould the Britains 
 take an account of their prefent Jhength ? Thus Ger- 
 many hadfaeed it felf, which has only a River to de- 
 fend it, and not an Ocean : That they had their 
 Country, their wives, and parents to fight for and in- 
 fpirit them ; while the other had only luxury and ava- 
 rice. That thefe would retreat as Julius Cccfar did, 
 if they would but follow th bravery oj their Anceflors: 
 That they ought not to be difmay’d at thefaccefs of one 
 cr two battles : That fiercenefs and refolutkhwere the 
 natural effeBs of mifery : That Heaven now feemed to 
 compaffionate their difirefs, in removing the Roman 
 General, and keeping the Legate employed in another 
 Ifland : That the moH dangerom part of the dejign, 
 
 rors, and meeting Petilius Cerealis, Lieutenant of the Petiliu! Cere- 
 ninth Legion, which came to their afjifiance, routed the 
 Legion, and put all the foot to the jword. Cerealis 
 got-off^ with the horfe, and retreated to his camp, where 
 he defended bimfelj by the help of the Fortifications. 
 
 Catus the Procurator was fo daunted at this over- 
 throw and the general odium of the Province (which 
 was thus embroiled by his avarice) that he pafs’d over 
 into Gaul. 
 
 Suetonius however, with prodigious courage and 
 refolution, marched through the midti of the Enemy to 
 London ; which was not honoured with the name of a 
 Colony, but very famous for the concourfe of merchants, 
 and for fprovifions.Being come thither, be could notpre- ^ comme*- 
 fently rejolve, whether to make that the Seat 'of thetu, alias 
 war, or not; but, conjideringhu want of foldiers, and^icatuum. 
 how much Petilius had fitffered for his rafhnefs, he 
 determined at laH to facrifice this one town to the fafe- 
 ty oj the rePi. And not relenting at the fighs and 
 tears oj the Inhabitants, who entreated his aid and 
 proteBion, he gave orders to march, receiving fuch as 
 followed him, into his army. Thofe, who by weabiefs 
 of fex or age were flay’d behind, or tempted by their 
 affeBionto the place, to remain there, were defiroyed 
 by the enemy. The town of Verula^i was oveitbrown 
 
 like- 
 
Ixv 
 
 Romans in , Britain. 
 
 Ixvi 
 
 * Prafidiif^ue likeivife j for the barbarians pajjing by the forts * and 
 miUtarium, ^ cafilesj pillaged the rkhefl and weaken places i ~\be- 
 
 Upon the fpoil, and regardlejs of the ren. 
 f Et ieferen- appear d, that /event) tbonfnnd citiz,ens and al~ 
 tes in tutum, lies were Jlain up and down in thefe plac,es. if Ley 
 alias_ defen- i^ould not give quarter, nor fed captives, nor praclije 
 of war ; but did kid, hang, 
 burn, crucifie, by way of retaliation upon their ene- 
 mies and ad in fuch hafie, as if they forefaw they 
 muji fpeedily /mart for it. 
 
 Suetonius, having with him the founeenth Le- 
 gion, with the Standard-bearers of the twentieth, 
 and fome /applies from the places there-abouts almopi 
 to the number of ten thoufand fighting men, refolved 
 without more ado to engage them ; and to this purpofe 
 encamp’d in a place accej/ble by a narrow lane only, 
 being fenced in the rear by a wood as fenfble, he 
 floould then have no Enemy but on the front, and that 
 the plain was open, fo that there would be no danger 
 of Ambufeades. He drew up the Legion clofe in the 
 middle,' with the light foldiers on both [ties, and the 
 
 * Vri mnibus. horfe as * the two wings, ifhe Britains in great tri- 
 
 umph went fhouting up and down in fuch vafl num- 
 bers as were never feen j fo fierce and revengeful, that 
 their Wives were brought along with them, and pla- 
 ced in carts in the utmofi part of the plain, to fee 
 the ViBory. Boodicia, with her Daughters by her 
 in a chariot, went about to the fever al Nations (for it 
 was not unufual among the Britains to go to war un- 
 der the conduB of Women) affuring them, that fhe 
 went not as one royally defended, to fight for Empire or 
 Riches, but as one of the common people for lofl Uoerty ; 
 to revenge the flripes they had given her, and the dij- 
 honour they had done her daughters, ifhat now the 
 Roman lujl was grown fo exorbitant and unruly, that 
 they left none, neither old nor young, unravifhed. 
 *That God’s jufl Vengeance would ever tread upon the 
 heels of wtekednefs. T’bat the Legion which haddared 
 to fight them, was already cut ojfi that the refi had 
 either kept themfelves in their camp, or fled for their 
 lives. ‘That they could not endure the very hwzAas 
 and clamour of fo many thoufands , much lefs could 
 they /and again/ them. If they did but confider both 
 armies, and the caufeof waronbothfides, tioey would 
 refolve either to conquer or to dye in that Battle. 
 ’That for her part, who was but a woman, this was 
 her refolution j the M;n, if they pleas’d, might live 
 and be fiaves. 
 
 Nor could Suetonius be filent in the midfi of fo 
 great danger } for though he relied much upon the va- 
 lour of his men, he cbofe to animate and encourage 
 ^Soneras alias by Arguments and Entreaties ; That the f cla- 
 Sonores, wour and threatnings of the Barbarians were contemp- 
 tible i that there were more women than youth among 
 them -, that being unwarlike and ill armed, they would 
 no fooner feel the Roman /words which had fo often 
 conquer’d them, but they would prefently fly ; that out 
 of an Army of many Legions, a few would gain the 
 viBory, and that their glory would he fo much the 
 greater, iff) few didthe work of a whole Army, that 
 his advice was, that they fbould fight clofe, and afier 
 they had difeharged their darts, they fhould follow the 
 blow with their pikes and /words, and not heed the 
 booty ; which would of courfe be the confequence of 
 their viBory. The Soldiers were /forward and cou- 
 ragiom upon this fpeecb, and the veterans betook thein- 
 felves fo readily to their darts, that Suetonius, with 
 great ajfurance of viBory, gave the fignal. Andfirfi, 
 the Legion did not fiir, but kept within the flrait, till 
 the Enemy had /pent their darts i and then it /allied 
 
 * Cuneis. out in * a Wedge upon them. The Auxiliaries 
 
 made the like Onfet and the Horfe with their /pears 
 breaking in upon the Enemy, routed all that made 
 head again/ them. The refi got away, hit with 
 great difficulty ; forthepaffes quite round were blocked 
 up by the wagons. The Soldiers gave no quarter, 
 not fo much as to the women ; which, with the Imfes 
 that were fain, ena-eas’d the heaps of carcaffes. This 
 ViBory was very noble, and the glory of it not inferior 
 
 to thofe of ancient times : for by the report, of /me, 
 there were .fiain little lefs than fomjeore thoufand Bri- 
 tains', whereas we lofl but about four hundred, and hud 
 not many more wounded . . Boodicia poifoned her /If: 
 
 And Pce-nius Ppfthumus, Caynp-mafier of the /- 
 cond Legion, upon the news of the fuccefs and viBory 
 of the fourteenth and twentieth Legions {having de- 
 prived his Legion of a fbare in that glory, and con- 
 trary to dijeipline and order difobey’d the commands of 
 his General) fiab’d himjelf. 
 
 After a general imtfler and review of bis army, 
 
 Suetonius took the field again, to put an end to this 
 war. And C.tfar reinforc’d him with a fupply of 
 two thoufand Legionaries from Germany, eight auxili- 
 ary colm-ts, and a thoujand horfe ■, by which the ninth 
 Legion was compleated. Thefe cohorts and /me others, 
 were fentinto frejh winter-quarters', and the Countries 
 that were either Enemies or Neutrals, were wafied 
 with fire and /word. But nothing vccu a /harper af- 
 fiulion to the Britains at this time, than famine', jbr 
 during this uproar, they bad negleBed to till the 
 ground, and giving up themfelves wholly to pro/cute 
 the war, had depended upon our provifions. Thofe 
 nations which were yet unconquer d, were the more a- 
 verfe to a treaty, upon the news of a di/'erence be- 
 tween Suetonius and the new Procurator Julius y, 
 ClaHiciarius (fentto fucceedC 3 .tus ',)whichwas very 
 prejudicial to the publick interefi. He had /read a 
 report, that a new Lieuteitant was to be expeBed, who, 
 without the rancour of an enemy, or the haugbtinefs of a 
 conqueror, would treat fuch cuyeildedthemjelves, with 
 favour and clemency. He wrote to Rome Ukewije, 
 that there was no end to be expeBed of that war, till 
 Suetonius TOiZj imputing all mi/arriages 
 
 to his perverfe conduB, but what-ever zvetd profperous 
 and lucky, all that he attributed to the good/rtune of 
 the Common-wealth. 
 
 Upon this account, Polycletus, one of the Empe- PoJycktus. 
 ror’s Liberti, was fent into Britain, to fee the flate of 
 affairs there', Nero hoping that by his Authority, the 
 difference might be co^npo/d between the Lieutenant 
 and the Procurator, and the rebellious Barbarians won 
 over to a peace. Polydetus took care to fhew his 
 ftate and grandeur to Italy and Gaul, by a great train 
 and retinue i and likewife to appear fortnidable to the 
 armies here, upon his arrival. This made him ridi- 
 culous to the enemy, who being then in the full enjoy- 
 ment of their liberty, knew not what this Power of a 
 * Freeman meant j and thought it /range, that a* Liberti, 
 General and his army, after fuch great exploits, fhould 
 be fubjeB to a Savant. However, every thing was re- 
 lated od fair as could be, to the Ernperour. And 
 Suetonius, who was then employ’d in difpatching 
 the publick affairs, having lofi jome few gallies on the 
 fhore, and the men in them, was commanded {0.6 
 though the war continued) to deliver up bis Commlffm 
 to Petronius Turpilianus, who hadjujl before ^^’^’^petronias 
 Conful, oi a perjm of a more gentle temper, andmoreT-ai^iVimai, 
 like to quiet the Enemy in the zoay of Forgivenefs and 
 Tendernefs. He neither troubled the enemy, nor was 
 troubled by them ; caUing this laxjy and unaBive courj'e 
 by the honourable name of Peace. And thus having 
 quieted the former broils, without enlarging the con- 
 quefis, he deliver’d the Province to TreoeliiusTrebellius 
 Maximus. Maximus 
 
 He was of an unaBive tanper, nndune.xperienc’d^''^^''^’^’'' 
 in military affairs •, and/ govern d the Province afier 
 M gentle a manner as he could. Now the barbarous 
 Britains began to be tainted, and to yeild to the 
 charms of vice and the civil wars of the Empire 
 were a fair excufe fir the remifnefs of the Lieutenant : 
 but the foldiers grew tnutinous', for, being formerly in- 
 ured to labour and difeipline, the prefent peace and 
 idlenefs made them wanton and haughty. TrebelHus 
 alfo grew odious and contemptible to the army, by bis 
 hafenefs and avarice. And their indignation was the 
 moreenflarn’d Rofeius Cselius, Lkute}umt of the 
 twentieth Legion, who was formerly at variance with 
 him', and now, by rea/n of the civil wars, more than 
 i ever. 
 
Ixvii 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 ever, 'rrebeliius charg’d Colitis vtith all the mu- 
 tiniesy and negleSi oj dijcifline iti the Army 
 Cselius charg’d him luith the ruin and beggary oj^ the 
 Legions. And, by thefe quarrels and contentions, 
 all fenfe of duty and reJpeSi was lofl in the 
 Army. At lafl, the diforder was fo great, that 
 Trebellius, being dejerted by the wings oj his 
 Army, and by the cohorts, who went over to Caclius, 
 and being reviled and c^ronted by the Auxiliaries, 
 •was forced to jiy to YitQlliviS. Notwithjianding the 
 abfence and remo-val of the Confular Lieutenant, the 
 Province continued quiet and peaceable; being govern d 
 by the Lieutenants of the particular Legions, ^all of 
 equal authority ; though C^liusV boldnejs gain dhim 
 greater power than the refl. 
 
 VeftiusBola- Duringthe civil war between Galba^ Otho, and 
 hus,Pfc;r<«»er.Vitelliusi VediusBolarms was fent by Vitellius 
 to fucceed him. He made no reformation of difcipline, 
 and was as little mublefome to the enemy as his pre- 
 decejfor, and as carelefs of the licentioufnefs of his 
 army : only this difference there was, that Bolanus 
 •was innocent and free from crimes which made the 
 other odious; fo that infead of authority, he had the 
 love of the army. And although Yix.t\\ms fent for 
 fupplies out of Britain, yet Bolanus deferred it, on 
 pretence that Britain was far from being quiet. But 
 foon after, the great efieem which the Province bad for 
 Vc{'pcS\on,inducd Britain to declare for him; for he 
 had commanded the fecond Legion here under Clau- 
 dius, and WM eminent for his bravery and conduSi- 
 Tet this revolt was not without oppojttion from the 
 other Legions ; in which, many Captains and foldiers 
 •who had been advanc’d by Yitellius, were very loth 
 to change a Prince who was fo wed known among them. 
 T'he foldiers of the fourteenth Legion, call’dxhQ Con- 
 querors of Britain . {being remov’d from hence to 
 the Cafpian war by Nero, and after, while theyffded 
 •with Otho, defeated) were fent into Britain again by 
 •Vitellius, but recall’d by a Letter from Mutianus. 
 
 During this civil war, there were no mutinies in 
 the Britiff army. And indeed, in all the civil wars of 
 tl}€ Empire, the troops here were more peaceable and 
 quiet than in any other province : perhaps their diflance 
 and feparaticnfrom the reft of the world by the ocean, 
 might eaufe it ; or pojftbly by the many expeditions 
 they had made, they had learn d rather to hate the 
 name of an Enemy. However, encourag’d by thefe 
 dijfentions, and the frequent news of a civil war, the 
 Britains, upon Venufius s in(ligation, began to take 
 heart : for beftdes a fierce heady temper that was na- 
 tural to him, and a hatred of the Romans, he was 
 ' , fpurr’d on in this attempt by a peculiar fpight to his 
 
 Cartifmandua. Cartifmaiidua govern’d 
 the Brigantesj being nobly defended, and more 
 powerful than ever, fimee fhe had treacheroufty taken 
 King Caradtacus, and given Claudius Carfar 
 a Triumph by prefenting him to that Emperor ; 
 for that famous fhew of Caraftacus to the people, 
 was a fort of Triutnph. From hence grew riches, 
 and from thence luxury ; fo that, defpifing her Imsband 
 Venufius, and having cut off his relations, fhe made 
 Vellocatus, her Imsband’s armour-bearer, partner of 
 her bed and throne : The Royal Dignity was foon 
 fhaken with this wickednefs ; the city adhering to the 
 husband, and the Queen s luft and cruelty to the adul- 
 terer. Venufius theref ore, having drawn-in all the 
 affftance be could, and join’d the Brigantes {who 
 themfelves bad revolted to him) reduc’d her to the loft 
 extremity. She applied her jelf to the Romans for re- 
 lief, and our forces refat d her fom many dangers : 
 However, the Kingdom fell to Venufius, and the 
 PFar to m. 
 
 iVefpafian the H^'lnle Mutianus govei'n’d the City under Vefpa- 
 Xmperor. Julius Agricola, who had declar’d for Vefpa- 
 
 JuHus Agri- fian, and was a perjon of great integrity and valour, 
 cola. Legio made Commander of the twentieth legion in Bri- 
 **' tain., which hud declin’d the Oath for a long time ; 
 
 and there he heard, that his predecejfor had carried 
 
 himfelf feditioufly. For that legion had run a-head, 
 and was beco7ne formidable c-uen to the Confular Legats. 
 
 Tfhe Pratorian Legat was not able to rule them ; but 
 whether through his own ill difpofitioHs, or thofe of the 
 fold'?jrs, is uncertain. Thus, being appointed to fuc- 
 ceed him, and to punifh them, he took this admirable 
 mean, to feem rather to have found them dutiful; 
 than to have made them fo. And though Vecitius 
 Bolanus was then Lieutenant in Britain, and go- 
 vern’d more mildly than was fit in fo fierce a Pro- 
 vince ; yet Agricola laid a reflraint upon himfelf; 
 and fmotherd the heat of his own temper, that it 
 might not encreafe and grew vifible ; knowing the ne~ 
 cejfity ofcomplaifance, and of confidering as well whdt 
 was fit, as what was right. 
 
 But when Vefpafiaii,- with the reft of the world 
 bad gain’d Britain alfo ; be fent over excellent Gene- 
 rals, and brave Armies, and the Enemy’s hopes were 
 abated. Petilius Cerealis exceedingly allartn’d and^^fA^osCzTt- 
 terrify’ d them; and attempted the City of the Bri-^^^‘ 
 gantes, the moft populous in all this Province ; to 
 whom he gave tnany, and fome of them very bloody 
 Battles ; and either fpoil’d or conquer’d the greateH 
 part of their country. Thus, Cerealis feetn’d to 
 have fuperfeded the Care, and eclipfed the Glory of any 
 that could come after hhn ; when Julius Frontinus, Fronti* 
 a great man, and as eminent as could he after fuch a ^toprattt. 
 
 predecejfor, fucceeded to the fmne charge. He jubdued 
 the ftrong and warlike nation of the Silures; whei'e 
 he had not only a ftout enemy, but a very difficult 
 fttuation, to cope with. In this ftate was Britain^ 
 and in this pofture was the war, when Agricol a was 
 fent over in the tniddle of jummer. Our foldiers 
 tninds and hopes were bent upon reft and a conclufton 
 of the war ; and the enemy long’d for an opportunity 
 to begin it. The Ordovices, a little before the ar- 
 rived of Agricolz, had almoft entirely routed awing 
 of ours that was quartered in the frontiers of their 
 country ; and by this means the whole Province was 
 ready to rife ; all approving the example, either as 
 defirous of war, or to try the temper oj the new Lieu- 
 
 Agricola, though the fu?nmer was ahnoft over, 
 and though his forces lay difpers’d up and down the 
 Province expeciing no further trouble for that year, {all 
 which retarded and crofs d his expedition ;) and though 
 fome thought it more advi fable to fecure fuch places as 
 W€7-e fufpicious : yet he refolv’d to foreftaU thefe 
 dangers ; and having drawn together the Enfigns of 
 the Legions, and a pretty good body of Auxiliaries, and. 
 finding that the Ordovices durft not cOme down into, 
 the plains, he di'ew up his men, and put hhnjelf at 
 the head of them; that by expofing his perfon alike, he 
 might make them alike couragious. Having abnoff 
 cut off this whole nation, and knowing the neceffity of 
 purjuing his blow, and that every thing hereafter 
 would fall Out anfwerable to the event of his firPt 
 aBions : he determin’d to make himfelf mafterof the 
 Ifte of 'hA.ona. ; lubich, as I have already f aid, would 
 have been conquer’d by Paulinus, if a general revolt 
 of the Province had not prevented him. This defign 
 being not laid bef ore, they wanted Jhips for the expedi- 
 tion ; but the contrivance and refolution of the General 
 fupply’d their place, He coimnanded a choice body of 
 auxiliaries{who were well acquainted with thofe Fords, 
 and, by the cuftom of their native country, were able 
 in fwimming to govern themfelves, their horfes, and 
 their arms at the fa?ne tme) to throw aftde their bag- 
 gage, and march over on a fudden. JIAsich was fo 
 efteBually done, that the enemy, who expeBed a fleet, 
 and were tbhiking of ftrips, and a fea to be pafs’d; 
 wei'efurprifed, and fuppos’d nothing could be invincible 
 to men, that began a ivar vcitb that kind of refolution. 
 Thm, a peace was deftr’d, and the Iftand furrender’d, 
 and Agricola became great and f amous ; as having 
 upon his firft entrance {a tme ufually fpent in oftenta- 
 tion and ceremony) carry’ d on an Attempt of fo much 
 labour and danger. 
 
 How- 
 
Ixix 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 Ixx 
 
 Hmever, Agricola was Jo far pom grmingnatR 
 upon this faccefs, that he would not allow it to be a 
 PtBory or Expedition, which was only to hep thoje in 
 order who were formerly fubduei : he would not Jo 
 much M fuffer it to be rewarded with laurel. But by 
 tints concealing his glory, he ewcreas d it, every one 
 thinking, what noble Exploits he muji have in his 
 mind, who could diminijh fo great an aftion. Now, 
 
 htowit% the difpojition and temper of his Province, 
 and being taught by the fad experience of others, that 
 affairs would never be fettled by fighting, while wrongs 
 and injuries were permitted ; he rejolv d in the next 
 place to cut off the caufe of war : and, to begin 
 with himfeff firft, he made a reformation of his own 
 family ; a thing no lefs difficult to fome, than to 
 govern a Province, He committed no fublick bufinefs 
 to the management of his fei’vants or his freemen ; He 
 * Milhes af- would never * advance foldiers upon private and par- 
 tire* ticular viewsy nor upon the recommendation and in- 
 
 terceffm of the Captains i but would fill raife the 
 befl i taking it for granted that Juch would be mofl 
 faithful He had an eye upon evepy thingy but would 
 not rigoroufly exabi duty. As for fmall faults, he 
 would pardon them but would feverely corretJ the 
 more heinous. However, punif)ruent wm not always 
 oft-times, the repentance of the offender 
 
 dence, that thefe were the only nezo forts in Britain 
 which were }2ever afterwards attempted. 
 
 T’he following winter was fpent in a ve>'y wife pro- 
 jeB. For whereas the Britains liv'd after a rude 
 ftraggling manner, and wtre therefore ready to break out 
 into open war upon every occafon , that be might by 
 pleafures induce them to be quiet, he exhorted them 
 privately, and alfo afjified them, to buildfemples, and 
 places of publkk rejort, and fne houfes : thofe who 
 were forward, he commended ", thoje who were flow 
 and backward, he reproved. And thm the honour of 
 being his favouritej impofed a kind of necejftty upon 
 them. 'Moreover, he took care to have tlse fans of 
 their Nobility brought up in the liberal arts pre- 
 ferring the Wit and Parts of the Britains bfore thofe 
 of the Gauls fo that they, who but lately defpifed 
 the Roman language, did now affeB and Hudy the 
 graces of it. From that time alfo our modes and 
 drejfes became in requefi among them, and the * Go-wn * Togt, 
 was commonly worn. By degrees, they came to thofe 
 incitements to debauchery, i-^ortico’s. Baths, and 
 Banquets ; which went by the name of Genteeliiefs 
 among the ignorant, when they were indeed but badges 
 of Slavery, 
 
 In the third year of his wars here, he dJfcoves'ed a 
 new Country, zvajiing all as he marched to the very 
 
 Taus i for that is the name of the /Ffluary. H/ljich 
 
 infliBedi ^ X • r r 1 
 
 vjas accepted by him', chuflng rathernot to 'preiei- juch / , , , 7 , ' ' rj 
 
 cu were like to of end, than to have them condemn d jo ternfled the enemy, that, though our army was Jad- 
 and punifh'd for it. He made the payment of corn ly hanaffed by reafon of ill weather, yet they durfl 
 
 - - - - - • *■ ’ - -..3 xr.1 battle befides, he had leifure aljo to 
 
 build forts and Caflles. It has been obferved by the 
 befl Maflers of War, that no Captain ever chofe Places 
 to better advantage: No caflle of his raiflng, was 
 ever taken by force, or furrender d upon terms, or 
 
 d for 
 
 and tribute which vsas impofed, more eafle and tolera- 
 ble, by laying it equally, and cutting off the exaBions, 
 which were a greater grievance than the tribute it felf. 
 For the people were compelled, before, to wait the opeti- 
 ang of the publkk Granaries, and both to buy and Jell 
 
 ane or wevnuiicnurunu/iei, ^ ^ ^ 
 
 their own corn after the rate that was Jet them, quitted aa uncapable of defence. Fheir jaUtes were 
 rfhe Purveyors alfo would command them to carry it j sequent, and they^ were always prepar d t^tth a 
 about, and into very diflant places', fo that the . ir,v.n Snnrr 
 
 Country Jhould fometmes cany from the nearefi Camps 
 to thofe which were far off and out of the way till, 
 to the particular gain of thefe men, every place com- 
 pounded for liberty to carry as it might mofl conveni- 
 ently. By a redrefs of thefe grievances in the flrii 
 year of his Lieutenancy, he brought Peace into fame 
 credit i which, by the negleB or connivance of his pre- 
 
 year's proviflon againfl longfleges. Tfhm we winter d 
 there without fear, each Caflle being able to defend it 
 felf', which difappoimed the enemy, and made them 
 defpair. For, formerly they would regain in winter 
 what they loft in fum?ner, but they were now worfted 
 alike in both feafons. In all thefe aBions, Agricola 
 never rob'd another of the honour that was due to him ; 
 but let him be Captain, or any other Officer, be would 
 
 deceffm, -was’ little lefs terrible to the Britains, than faithjul/y attefl the bravery of the ABion. Some 
 
 " ^ Uivt/i tnn (Itnvh nvtn Usttov nr} nit ■.•etivnnrc : 
 
 War. 
 
 Vefpafian dy’d about this tilue j %vho, upon 
 thofe vidories, andhisoxvn perfonal valour un- 
 der Claudius, is thus addrefs’d by 'Valerius 
 Flaccus i 
 
 -Tuque 0 Pelagi qui major aperti 
 
 have accounted him too fl)arp and bitter in bis reproofs; 
 and it muH be granted, that as he was affable and 
 courteous to the good, fo he was morofe to the bad. 
 But then, his anger never outliv d the reprebenflon. 
 If he pafs’d a thing by without notice, there zvas no 
 fear of malice in the heart ; for he thought it more 
 excufable, even to commit the offence, than to hate the 
 
 Fama, Caledonim poftquam tua carbafa vexit 
 Oceanus, Phrygios prim indignatus lulos. 
 
 - O you, whofe glorious reign 
 
 Ttius Empe- 
 ror. 
 
 Can boaft new triumphs o'er the conquer'd 
 niain. 
 
 Since your bold navy pafs’d the Britijh Sea, 
 
 That fcorn'd the Cafars, and the Roman fvvay. 
 
 Wlisn Titus (the Delight of the world,j fucceeded 
 his Father ', Agricola, as foon as the Summer came 
 m, drew his Army together. Tfhofe who in their 
 march behaved themfelves modeflly, he commended ; 
 thofe who march'd looje and ftraggling, he reprimanded. 
 He always chofe the place of Encampment htmjelf, 
 and would try the friths and thickets Jirfl, rn perfon ; 
 and, that his own territories might not be pillaged by 
 the Enemy, he would never let them be quiet from 
 Excurjions ; and, when he thought he had fuffciently 
 allarm’ d them, he would give over, that they might 
 again tafte the happinefs of peace. By this means, 
 many Cities, which liv’d upon equal terms till that 
 time, gave boftages, and fubmitted themfelves 5 re- 
 ceiving our garrijons, and permitting vu to build caflles 
 them ; which be did with that care and pru- 
 
 Tfbe fourth fummer was fpent in fetling what he 
 had already gain d ; and if the valour of bis armies, 
 and the glory of the Roman Empire, could have permit- 
 ted it, they needed not have fought another boundary in 
 Britain. Glota and Bodotria (two arms of two 
 oppoflte feas, /hooting a great way into the Countryj 
 are parted by a narrow flip of land, which was then 
 fecured by our garrijons : fo that the Romans were 
 maflers of aU on this fide, havingpentup the enemy, 
 as it were within another Ijland. 
 
 In the fifth year of this war. Agricola took flffp- 
 ing, and fail’d over to nations never known before ; 
 which, after many fucceftful Encounters, he fubdued, 
 and then planted forces in thofe parts of Britain which 
 lie towards Ireland ; more out of hope, than out of 
 fear. For Ireland, being Jituated between Spain andkeland. 
 Britain, a'ad lying convenient for the French Sea, 
 would with many other advantages have united thofe 
 mighty ?nembers of the Empire. In bignefs, it is lefs 
 than Britain ; hut larger than the Iflccnds of ourfea. 
 
 Fhe foil, the temperature of the air, and the nature 
 and manners of the people, are not much different from 
 the Britiflo. The ports and havens are bet- 
 ter known, by reafon of greater trade and com- 
 merce. Agrkoh had formerly received a Prince of 
 
 that 
 
Ixxi 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 Ixxii 
 
 that country j vtho was driven out by civil wars ; and 
 under pretence of friendJ/Bp, had kept him for a fair 
 Qccajion. I have often heard him fay, that with one 
 legion and fame jew auxiliaries, Ireland might be con- 
 quer’d and kept in Obedience ', and that it would be 
 of great corfequence to our intereji in Britain, if the 
 Roman forces were planted on all fides oj it, and li- 
 berty banijh’dout oj Jight. 
 
 About this time dy’d 'I'itw, who for thefe 
 exploits of AgricoLij was faluted Emperor fif- 
 teen times, as Xiphiiin tells us, and as is 
 manifeft from an ancient Coin. Under Domiti- 
 an, Agricola, in the fixth Summer of his Lieutenancy, 
 » apprebenjive of a general infurreBion '* in tboje 
 
 ias, al. large cities and remote countries beyond Bodotria, and 
 plus civitates.that bis march would be made very troublefome by the 
 enemy ', fent out a jieet to try the creeks and havens. 
 “Thm, Agricola was the firjl that fupported his 
 land-army by a fleet-, and, to our great ho- 
 nour and advantage, carry’ d on the war both by fea 
 and land. Ojt-times it happen’d, that the troopers, 
 the fcot-foldiers, and the feamen, would meet and 
 make merry together each magnifying Im own jeats 
 and adventures, and making their vaunts and com- 
 parifons, foldier-like,- the one oj the woods and high 
 mountains, the other of the dangers of the waves and 
 tempejis. Tjhe one valuing himjelj upon the land and 
 the enemy, the other uponthefeait Jelj, fubdued by him. 
 *The Britains {as we underflood by the prifoners) were 
 amazid and daunted at the fight oj this fleet ', confi- 
 dering that ij once their fea was difcover’d, and na- 
 vigable, all retreat and refuge would be .cut off. 
 JVheretipon the Caledonians, with great preparation, 
 but {as it ufuaUy is in things unknown} not fo great 
 06 reported, broke out into open war, and ajjaulted 
 our caflles that, by being the aggreffors, they might 
 dijhea-rten m : Jo that feme poor fpirits on our (ide, 
 under a flsewoj prudence, advh’ d A.’gricolci to retire 
 to this fide Bodotria, and rather to make a voluntary 
 retreat, than a forc’d one. In the mean time, we 
 had advice that the enemy’s dejign wo 6 to divide, and 
 attack m in ma-ny places at once. Whereupon, lejl he 
 fl?0uld be furrounded by the numbers of the enemy and 
 their knowledge oj the country, be likewife divided his 
 army, and march’d in three bodies. 'They, having in- 
 telligence of this, forth-with took another courfe, and in 
 one entire body fell upon our ninth legion, as the weak- 
 eft i and in the night between fleep and fear, cut off 
 our centinels, and b-roke in among them. Tims, the 
 battle began in the very camp j when Ag-ricola having 
 difcover’d the Enemy’s march by his flouts, trac’d 
 them, and fe-at the lightefl of kis borfe and jm to at- 
 tack their rear wlkb were feconded with the huza^a’s 
 of the whole army, and the appea-rance of their co- 
 lours towards break of day. This danger on all fides 
 terrijy d the Britains ', and the Romans taking heart, 
 inftead oj fighting for their lives, j'ought now jbr ho- 
 nour. They choje to make a fally, and after a jharp 
 difpute at the very gates, put them to the rout ; while 
 both our armies were contending, the one to come up 
 timely with ajflflance, the other not to feem to need it. 
 Ij the fens and woods had not protetled the enemy in 
 this flight, they had been entirely conquered. UpO'n 
 this Brave Ablion, and the fame of the viBory, the 
 whole army grew fo refllute, that they thought nothing 
 inviricible to them they clamour’d to be led into Cale- 
 donia, and to fight their way to the mmoB Bou-nds of 
 Britain. The very men who were but jujl before 
 advifmg a wary conduB, were forward and blufler- 
 ing, now the danger was over. And this is always 
 an unequitable rule in war-, every one claims a Jhare 
 in fuccejjes, but misfortunes are always imputed to 
 one. However, the Britains attributing all this to 
 good luck a'nd the conduB oj the General, and not to 
 Valour, were not at all dejeBed, but went on to arm 
 their youth, to convey their wives and children into 
 Juje places, and by AJfemblies and Religious rites to 
 
 efiablijh a confederacy atnong the Cities. And thus 
 both armies left the field with minds full of hoflility. 
 
 This flnnmer, a Cohort oj Ulipians rais’d in Ger- 
 many and fent over into Britain, undertook a very 
 jh-ange andmemorable Adventure. Having kiWdtheir 
 Captain and fome Soldiers who wet'e difpers’d among ' 
 them to teach them to Exercifs; they fled, and embark’d 
 in three vejfels, compelling the majlers to carry them 
 off i but only one of them doing his duty, the other 
 two were /lain upon f/fpicion : a-ndthis jlrange kindof 
 voyage {the faB being not yet kmwn) was accounted 
 miraculous. Aj'terward, bemg tofs’d up and down, 
 and falling upon jome Britains who oppos’d them in 
 their own defence, often conquerors, and fometimes 
 conquer’d, they came to fucb want of provifion at 
 laji, that they eat one another firji the weakejl, and 
 ajter that by lot. Tbm, having floated round Bri-'^nt&in faii ’5 
 tain, and loft their floip, in conclujion, for want of^°cind. 
 skid to guide it, they were taken firji by the Suevians, 
 and then by the Frifians, for pirates. Some of them, 
 
 being bought by the merchants, and by change of 
 majiers brought to our coajl, grew famous upon the 
 account they gave of this adventure. 
 
 In the beginning of thefuimner, a great misfortune 
 bejel Agricola in his own family-, for he lofi his fon, 
 who W06 about a year old. His carriage tinder this 
 affiiBion was neither vain-glorious {like that of fome 
 great men in fucb cafes,) nor on the other hand J'oji and 
 effeminate. Among other confolations, he made War 
 0}te. Having therefore fent his fleet before {which by 
 snaking a deflent here and there, might render the 
 conflernation great and uncertain) himfetf made a 
 quick march, at the head of the Army -, to which he 
 bad added fome of the flouteft Britains {whom, after 
 the teft of a long peace, he had found jaithful) and 
 came to the hid Grampius, where the Enemy had 
 pofled themfelves. For the Britains, not at all dif- 
 may’d at the lofs of the lafl battle, and thinking of 
 nothing now but re-ve-nge or flavery, by leagues and 
 treaties had united the whole ftrength of their Cities ; 
 being at lafl fenjible, that a common danger mufl he 
 diverted by confederacy and itnio-n. Above thirty 
 thoufand arm’d men wes-e -now in the field, befides a 
 great number of youth, a-/id lufly old men who bad 
 been formerly j'amous in the PVars, and flid retain’d 
 the jears and badges oj their bravery. GcilgacnS,Ga]gaeaf, 
 by birth and merit the chief commander, while the 
 multitude was eager to be engaged, isfaidtohave ad- 
 drefl’d them in this matiner : 
 
 IVhen I confider the caufe of this war, and our 
 Prefent necejjhy, I have great reafon to prefume, that 
 this day, with this unanimous refolution, will 
 give a happy beginning to the freedom of the whole 
 IJland. JFe have liv d thus long in the fud enjoy- 
 ment of our liberty : and now there is no other Coun- 
 try beyond this, nor Indeed fea, tofecure us, while the 
 Roman navy hovers upon our coajls. So that, ac ho- 
 nour wid recommend Arms to men of valour, fo will 
 jelj-prefeT^ation to the moB cowardly. The battles 
 which with various fuccefs have been fought againB the 
 Romans, have ever had a refuge in our Bravery, and 
 cxpeBed aturn from it. For we are the very flower 
 oj the Britains, and therefore j'eated in the inrnoft 
 parts oj the Country ; we are out of the fight of thofe 
 Nations who are enfiav’d by the e-nemy, and our eyes 
 are yet unpolluted, and free jmn the contagion oj fo- 
 reign tyranny. There is no cowntry farther on this 
 jtde, nor liberty on that -, this corner, which has been 
 hitherto unknown to fame, hath hitherto preferved m. 
 
 Now, the remotefl part oj Britarn lyes open to them i 
 and people think every thing great and magnificent, 
 that tsjhange and unknown. Beyond m there is no 
 country, nothing but waves and rocks -, * the land in-* j„tencres 
 waid, ts ad under the Roman Vajfalage already. It'Romani^ al. 
 ts vain to curry favour -utith them by addrefs andfub-h'’fifi'<«'“ 
 miffion; their pride and haughtinefs is not to be fo"'" “■ 
 laid, who ranfack the univerfe, and when they have 
 
 plunder’d 
 
 X 
 
Ixxiii 
 
 Trimbantei. 
 
 ■f Unde ofiei 
 demus, al. 
 abunde. 
 
 * Senum C6l0‘ 
 alib Qq- 
 
 Joaia. 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 Isxiv 
 
 plunder’d the land, ar^ now plundering the fea. 
 IVhere the enemy is rich, there the priz.e is wealth', 
 where poor, it is ambition : neither the Eaji nor the 
 IV^ ha'ue fufficed them : thefe, and thefe only, gape 
 after the wealth and poverty of the whole World, with 
 equal appetite and pleafure. Spoil, murder, pillage, 
 pafs with them under the name of Government : and 
 where they make folitude, there they think they make 
 peace. Children and relations are by nature tender 
 and dear to every one ; yet they bereave m of them, 
 to make them (laves in foreign Countries. Our wives 
 and JtJiers, if they efcape ravijbing in a hofiile man- 
 ner, yet under the name of Guefls and Friends are cer- 
 tainly debauch’d. Our goods and fortunes become their s 
 by the name of tribute, and our com by that of pro- 
 vijion. Our bodies and hands are put to the drudgery 
 of paving bogs and woods with a thoufand firipes and 
 indignities to boot. T'hofe who are naturally born 
 (laves, are but once fold, and then maintain’d at the 
 owner s coH : but Britain daily purchafes, daily feeds 
 and maintains, its own bondage, at its own charge. 
 And, as in a private family, the laft comer is ever 
 thejeGof hisfellow-fervants; fo in this ancient Fa- 
 mily, the World, we {who (hall be the laji and the 
 vileft /laves) are now to be dejiroyed, if they can do 
 it. For we have no fields to cultivate, neither mines 
 nor havens to employ us ; and therefore to what pur- 
 pofe (hould they let us live ? Befides, the courage and 
 refolution of the Conquer’d, is ever ungrateful to the 
 Conquerour. And even this difiance and privacy, as 
 it makes m fafe, fo will it make m the more fufpeSled. 
 Seeing then we have no mercy to relie on, let m put 
 on refolution, all who tender their fafety, all who va- 
 lue their honour, ithe Trinobanres, under the con- 
 ■duSi of a woman, extirpated a Colony, and forced 
 their Cafiles ; and, if fuccefs had not Jlackend their 
 diligence, they might have entirely freed themfelves 
 from the Roman yoke. We are as yet whole and un- 
 touch’d: we were born free •, let ks / hew them at the 
 firfi onfet the bravery of the men they’d meet with in 
 Caledonia. Do you imagin the courage of the Ro- 
 mans, in war, to be as great as their debauchery in 
 peace ? T'heir glory is all owing to our differaions j the 
 folly of their enemies have rais’d the reputation of their 
 arms. As nothing but fuccefs could have kept that 
 medley army, pick’d up out of fo many feveral na- 
 tions, together ; fo upon any mifearriage you will fee 
 them dijjolve j unlefs we can fuppofe, that the Gauls 
 and Germans, nay, to our fhame be it fpoken, 
 many of our own Countrymen, lending their lives to 
 e(iabli/h a foreign power {who have yet been much 
 longer enemies, than /laves to them,) can go on with 
 true x.eal and affeBion in this quarrel. No, this is 
 nothing but the effeci of fear and terrour, which are 
 weak motives of endearment \ thefe removed, their 
 hatred will breakout, as their fear abates. We have 
 all the motives that excite to Bravery, on our fide. 
 Tfhe Romans have no Wives to encourage them to 
 /land, no parents to upbraid them if they run away j 
 they have, many of ’em, either no country at ad, or 
 at leaf not this. T’heir number is fo fmad, as they 
 fiandfuU of fear, gaxdng at the heaven, the fea, the 
 woods, and every thing /Irange about them ', that they 
 feem pent up, and deliver’d into our hands by Provi- 
 dence. Let m not be daunted by the /how they make, 
 by the /Joining of their gold and filver ; which will 
 neither defend them, nor hurt us. We /hall find 
 Friends in the. very body of the enemy. T’be Britains 
 know it is their own Caufe : the Gauls are ftill mind- 
 ful of their lo/i liberty i and the Germans wid defert 
 them, as the Ufipians lately did. T/bere is nothing 
 befides, that we have to fear j the Cafiles are empty, 
 
 . the * Colonies confifi of old men, and the Cities are in 
 ■ difeontent andfatlion, while they unwidingly obey thofe 
 who unjufily govern. Tou fee the Roman General, 
 the Roman army, here bfore you. l/here are the 
 tributes, mines, and all the plagues and puni/hments 
 that attend flavery it is to be tried by this day’s en- 
 
 gagement, whether we are to endure them for ever, or 
 to be immediately reveng’d. Therefore, fad on, and 
 remember what your Ancefiors were, and what your 
 Pofierity are to be. , 
 
 ■ This fpeech was cheerfully received by the army ; 
 who, after their barbarous fa/hion, feconded it with 
 fongs, acclamations, and the like confus’d clamours. 
 And now the Troops began to clofe, and a great glit- 
 tering to appear ; fame of the boldePi advanced, and 
 the army was drawing up-, when Agricola, though 
 he found his menfud 0/ courage, and was hardly able 
 to keep them in, made a fpeech to them, to this 
 effeEi. ,, . , , 
 
 This is now the eighth year, Fellow-foldiers, that 
 by the valour and fortune of the Roman Empire, fe-r 
 conded by your loyalty and fervice, we have carryed on 
 the Conquefi of Britain with fuccefs i and that by 
 many expeditions and many encounters, wherein, ai 
 the circumfiances required, we have /Jjewed valour a- 
 gainfi the enemy, or labour and patience againfi na- 
 ture it f elf. /nail thefe, I have had a faithful Ar- 
 my, you have had a faithful General. We have both 
 exceeded: I have extended thisConquefi further thanany 
 other Lieutenant, you have done more than any former 
 army. We are not pojfefs’d of the bounds of Bri- 
 tain by fame or rumour, but by Camps, and Weapons. 
 Britain is now found, and fubdu’d. In our marches 
 over boggs, hills, and rivers, when we have been fpent 
 and weary, how often have / heard the valiant a- 
 mong m, asking, when this enemy would face them, 
 when they would give them battle ? We have now 
 unkennel’ d them ; we have them here before m. We 
 have our wijhes, and a brave occafion to /hew our 
 valour. If we win this viclory, every thing wiU be 
 plain and eafie if we lofe it, every thing will go back- 
 ward. For, 06 this tediom march, thofe woods and 
 a/hiaries we have paffed, are glorious and honourable 
 to m while we advance againfi the Enemy ', fo if we 
 run away, the greatefi advantages now, will then be 
 mo(i fatal and dangerous. We are not fo well ac- 
 quainted with the country as they not fo well furni/hed 
 with provifions but we have as many hands, and as 
 good arms, and thereby may have every thing elfe. 
 For my own part, I am long fince convinc’d, that there 
 u no fafety for General or Army inflight. To dye in the 
 bed of honour, is better than to live in difgrace ; and a 
 man s fafety and his Ijomur are infeparahk. Norwill 
 it be inglorious, to dye in the ntmofi bounds of Earth 
 and Nature. If a nevj nation, or an unknown ene- 
 my, werenowto encounter you, I would exhort you by 
 the examples of other annies’, butnow refieci uponyour. 
 former aBions, and put the quefiion to your own eyes. 
 Thefe are the very men, that la(i year fell upon one 
 Legion in the night, and were routed by merr noife. 
 Thefe are the arrantefi cowards of the whole Ifland, 
 otherwife they had not been fo long alive. For, as it 
 is in woods andforefls, the firongefl game is not to be 
 fiarted but by force and violence, while the timorous 
 and fearful are fear’d and fcoure off upon the fir(l 
 noife ', fo the befi and fioutefl of the Britains we have 
 already met with, and difpatch’d what remains, 
 is nothing but a herd of cowardly Renegadoes. 
 We have at lafi an opportunity to engage them : not 
 becaufe they give it us, but we have overtaken them, 
 06 they fland in the height of confufion like flocks be- 
 fore m, ready to prefem m with a noble and memora- 
 ble viBory. Let m then put an end to this war let 
 vu, make this day the happy conclufion of fifty years la- 
 bour : and let your country fee, that their army can 
 neither be charged with p-olonging the war, nor flipping 
 opportunities to compleat the conquefi. 
 
 A^'icola was going on, when the foldiers /bow’d 
 great figns of refolution and eagernefs and with the 
 utmbfl cbearfulnejs immediately ran to their weapons. 
 Seeing them fuficiently animated, be drew them up in 
 this order. The auxiliary foot, inaW^occo, he pla- 
 ced in themiddle, and wingdthem with ^oophorfe: 
 behind them, be drew up the legions beforetbe camp, 
 k that 
 
Romans in 
 
 that the -vichry might he the more glfom without the 
 Ms of Roman blood, and that in cafe of neceffity they 
 might be ready to afftft. The Britifh army was drawn 
 up upon tie hill, both for fhew and terror : the frjt 
 battalion on ovm ground^ the refi higher and higher , 
 the hill afcended. The field, hetxveen, rung^tb 
 thenoifeof horfes and chariots, rangir^up anddown.^ 
 ^gricola, perceiving the enemy to be too numerous joy' 
 
 ■ him, and fearing left he Jhould be over-wing d, and 
 fo flank'd by them, firetch’d out his front, f hough 
 Jmevshat too thin ; infojnuch that many advis^ d him 
 to bring up the Legions : but being naturally incUn d 
 to hope the befl and to bear up againfi the xuorfi, he 
 alighted from bis horje, and put bimfelf at the head 
 of his foot, . 
 
 T'he fight began at Jbme difiance ‘y -wherem the 
 Britains fhevcd great courage and conduB: for vstth 
 their broad fvsords and fioort bucklers, they vjoutd 
 firike afide or bear off the darts of the Enemy and 
 then return great voUies of their own. Agricola there- 
 + Cohortaitit apon t commanded three Cohorts of the Batavians and 
 ‘ two of the Tungrians to advance, and make up to them 
 -with fword in handlfhey were very_ expert and able at 
 it', whereas the enemy by reafon of their little targets 
 and unweildy fwerds, lay under great difadvantages : 
 for the fwords of the Britains, being without points, 
 * Complexum were unferviceable * in clofe fight, or at a difiance. Now, 
 jirmorum, C? ^ the Batavians began to lay about them, to firike 
 in aperto, bucklers, to pujh them 
 
 in the very faces, to difpatch thofe that fiood lowefi, 
 and to fight their way up the very mountain j the 
 other cohorts fpurr’d on with emulation, feU on like- 
 wife, and beat down all before them ; fo fafi, that 
 many half dead or wholly untoucifd were left behind, 
 thro’ hajl to conquer the whole. In the mean time, 
 the horfe began to fly, and the charioteers mix’d thera- 
 felves amcyyg the foot ', and though we were under fome 
 apprehenfions from them in particular, yet by reafon^ 
 of the clofenefs of their ranks, and the unevennefsof 
 the ground, theyprcv’d of no advantage. Tfhis was 
 not like an engagement of Horfe, but clofe and fix d I 
 over-bearing one another with the force and weight of 
 the horfes. Many times the chariots, as they ran tip 
 and down at rovers, and the frighted horfes that had 
 lofi their riders and four d about as their fears guided 
 them, would over-run thofe that met them or crofs’d 
 their way. And now, they on the bill, who had not 
 been yet engaged, perceiving the fmall number of our 
 army, began to advance, and wheel in upon their 
 back : but Agricola having forefeen that danger, eafi- 
 ly repeh’d them by four wings which he had kept as a 
 referve j and thffe made them retreat as fafi as they 
 had advanc’d. So now, this projeSi of the Britains 
 was turn’d upon themfelves : for the wings were im- 
 mediately order’d to divide from the front, and wheel 
 about upon the backs of the enemy. Upon this the 
 fcene began to be very tragical along the plain one 
 purfuing, another wounding, a third taking, and 
 killing that prifoner as foon as he could take another. 
 Now whole regiments of the enemy, according to their 
 fever al difpofitions, though arm’d and more numerous, 
 turn’d their backs j whilfl others of them, difarm’ d, 
 ran defperately upon the fwords of their enemy. "The 
 whole field was nothing but a mixt heap of arms, car- 
 caffes, mangled limbs, and blood and fometimes a 
 mixture of rage and valour in the conquer’d : As foon 
 as the enemy drew near the woods, they began to rally, 
 and enclos’d the mofl forward (f our men, that bad 
 follow’d rafhly, and were unacquainted with the 
 country. So that if Agricola, who was every where 
 at hand, had not fent out fome of the befi and lightefi 
 of his f orces to fcoure the country, and commanded the 
 horfemen to light where the woods were thick, and to 
 range them on korfeback where thin; we might have 
 fuffer’d confiderably by this rafhaefs. But, when they 
 faw us united, and in an orderly purfuit, they fed 
 again, not in troops as before, and with an eye upon 
 one another, hut difpers’d and firaggling into remote 
 
 Br itain. 
 
 and by-places. At lafi, night and wearinefs pi-.t an 
 end to the chafe. Of the enemy there fell i oooo, of 
 m 340, among whotn was Aulus Atticus Com- 
 mander of a Cohort ; carried on too far by the heat of 
 youth, and the eagcrnefs of his horfe. The viBory 
 and the fpoil made the night pleafant to the Conquerors. 
 
 But the Britains, wandering up and down the field, 
 xvhich founded with the mix’d Cries of men and wo- 
 men, fpent the night in carrying off the wounded ; 
 in ending to thofe who had efcap’d', in frfaking 
 and burning their own hotifes out of rage and fury j 
 and in fhifting from one bole to another. Sometimes, 
 in conjult with one another, and taking bean', then 
 again, affeBed with compajfion, and oftner with mad- 
 nefs, at the fight of the dear Pledges of their love. 
 
 And it is certain, that fome of them laid violent hands 
 upon their own Wives and Children, as the befi office 
 they could do them. The day following Jhew’d the 
 greatnefs of this viBory more fuUy. Every where 
 filence and defolation : no fiir upon the mountains, the 
 houfes burning afar off, and not a foul to be met with 
 by our fcouts s who were fent into all parts of the 
 Country, but found that the flight was uncertain, and 
 that the enemy were fcatter’d and difpers’d. Hexe- 
 upon Agricola {the fummer being far [pent, fo that 
 be could not entirely finijh the war) marched bis army 
 into the Country of the Horefti. Having received 
 bofiagesfrom them, he commanded his Admiral to fail 
 round Britain, furnifinng him with all things necef- 
 fary , and, having fent the terror of the Roman name 
 before him, he himfelf marched fitrwly with the 
 horfe and foot, that by this delay he might awe his 
 new conquefis ; and then he put his army into winter- 
 quarters. About the fame time, the fleet, with a fair 
 wind, and a reputation no lefs fair, put in at the 
 *Trutulenfian Port, the fame from which itfet ”“1“^ 
 
 and, coafiing along the nearffi t fide of Britain, or- 
 rived again there. * And having doubled the point 4 Latert aL 
 of the utmofi land, they firfi difeovered Britain to be Litere, _ 
 an Ifland: and at the fame time found out the Ifies of* Britain firft 
 Orkney, and fubdud them which had been only b« 
 
 heard of tiU then. Orofius, and others after him, an intnd. 
 talfly afenbe this to Claudius. Ifl«s of Ork‘ 
 
 Agricola having fent a plain account of thefe ^^ 3 * 
 tranfaBions, without either glofs or addition, by let- 
 ter, to Domitian ; the Emperor receiv’d it (tw his 
 manner was) with a fhow of great joy ; though really 
 with great trouble and concern. He was confeious t» 
 himfelf, that his late triumph in Germany was 
 groundlefs and ridiculous, having bought certain peo- 
 ple of that country, and drefi them up in cloaths and 
 hair, like captives wherecu now a viBory great and 
 real, wherein fo many thoufands of the enemy were 
 flain, was univerfally applauded. It was dangerous^a 
 he thought, that the honour of a private man Jhould 
 eclipfe the glory of a Prince : That he had fupprefs’d 
 the fiudy of Oratory and other Liberal Arts to nopur- 
 pofe, if another could thus out-do him in the arts of 
 war : That, for other matters, they might be born 
 with J but none ought to be a great General but a 
 Prince. Being tormented with thefe thoughts, and 
 {what was ever a fign of mifekief) very much atone 
 in his ckfet, be concluded, it would be befi to conceal 
 his rffentments, till the noife of this viBory, and the 
 love and refpeB he had gained in the army, was a- 
 bated : for as yet Agricola was in Britain. And 
 therefore he took care that triumphal honours, a nobk 
 fiatue, and every thing ufual upon fuch a folemnity, 
 jhould be decreed him {and that in very honourable 
 terms) by the Senate ; and withal, caujed a report to 
 be fpread, that the Prcmince of Syria {then vacant by 
 the death of Atilius Rufus, Lieutenant, and rer- 
 ferv d for fome perfon of quality) v:as defignedfor him. 
 
 It was alfo commonly thought, that he fent a Free- 
 man, one of his Cabinet-Council, to Agj'icola, with a 
 Commijfmfor Syria ; and infiruBions, that if he 
 were in Britain, it Jhould be delivered ; and tJmt the 
 meffenger, meeting Agricola ' upon the fea, fpoke not 
 
 one 
 
Ixxvii 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 Ixxviii 
 
 one word to him, but return d to Doniitian : Tet, 
 whether this be true, or a bare furmife (as agreeable 
 enough to the carriage of that Prince) is uncertain. 
 However, Agricola had furrendered his Province 
 peaceable and quiet to his Succejfor. And now, left 
 his entry into Rome jhould be too fplendid by the 
 great numbers of Attendants, he declind the Coni- 
 fUments of his Friends, and came (as he was order d) 
 by night into the city ; and at night was admitted in- 
 to the Palace : where the Emperor receiv d him with 
 a dry kifs, and fpoke not one word to him ; and fo be 
 drew off among the reft of the Attendants, 
 
 Agricola’s fuccefl'or, according to fome, was 
 Salupas I.U- Cn. IrebeHius i but in my opinion, Saluftim Lu- 
 cuUus, Uea-cullm, wKo was foon put to death byDomitian, 
 tenantot Bri-£or fuffering a new fort of fpears to be called 
 j Lamea Lucullea. At which time | Arviragus 
 ^^grltain. flouriftiM in this Ifland, and not in the days of 
 + Stilling- Claudius, as Geoftfy of Monmouth romances, 
 fleet’s Orig. Forthatof Tuvenalistobeunderftoodof Domitian, 
 Brit. p. 35. 
 
 Omen hahes, inquit, magni clarique triumphi : 
 Regem aliquem capies, aut de temone Britanno 
 
 ^ , Excidet * Arviragm 
 
 * Call d 
 
 beja in an old rrr, • u r 
 
 Scholiaft of The mighty omen fee, _ 
 
 Juvenal. He cries, of fome illuftrious victory. 
 
 Some captive King thee his new Lord flialH 
 owi, C 
 
 Or from his chariot headlong thrown,r 
 
 The ^roud Arviragm comes tumbling down, j 
 
 Then alfo flourifhed at Rome, Claudia Ru- 
 fina, a Britifti Lady, eminent for her extraordi- 
 nary beauty and learning, and commended by 
 Martial in thefe verfes, 
 
 Claudia caruleis cum Jit Rufina Britannis 
 Edita, cur Latia peSlora plebis habet ? 
 
 Quale decus forma Romanam credere matres 
 Jtalides pojfunt, Atthides ejfe fuam. 
 
 Among the painted Britains, Claudia, born. 
 
 By what ftrange arts did you to Roman turn ? 
 
 Whatfhapes! what heavenly charms I enough 
 to raife 
 
 A noble ftrife in Italy and Greece. 
 
 This is Ihe whom St. Paul mentions in his fe- 
 cond Epiftle to Timothy, according to f. Bale, 
 and Matthew Parker Archbifhop of Canterbury : 
 nor is it amifs in point of Chronology j 
 though others differ from that opinion. 
 
 And thus, in Homitian^s time, the further 
 Vince, part of this Ifland was left to the Barbarians, 
 as neither pleafant nor fruitful j but this hither 
 part was reduc’d to a compleat Province ', not 
 Britain a govern’d by or Pmow/a/tfr Deputies, but 
 
 Pro- accounted Prajidial, and appropriated to the 
 vince. Emperors, as being annex’d to the Empire after 
 the divifion of Provinces by Auguftus, and ha.- 
 \in^Proprators of it’s own. Afterwards, when 
 Confkantine the Great had new-model’d the 
 Empire, this Province was govern’d by a De- 
 puty under the Pratorian Lieutenant of Gaul j 
 with whom were joyn’d, in times of war, 
 the Count of Britain, the Count of the Saxon Jhore 
 througliout Britain, and the Duke of Britain ; 
 befides Prefidents, Receivers, &c. But farther; 
 of the Legions which were the conftant and 
 {landing guard of the Roman Empire, three 
 WhatLegions-vvere garrifon’dhere; namely, the Legiofecunda 
 were m l^egio fexta viBrix, and the vicejima 
 
 tain, 10, tlus is to be underftood of Seve- 
 
 rus’s time ; for before that, we find, here were 
 other Legions, and alfo more. And although 
 Strabo yNTiiQS, that one Legion was fuSicient* Ordo miH- 
 to awe and fecure Britain, yet under Claudius 
 the Legio fecunda Augufla, the Legio p. of Spain, 
 and the 14th Legion call’d Gemina Mania vilhix, 
 were garrifon’d here : nay, even about Vefpa- 
 fian’s time, Jofephus tells us here were four 
 Legions garrifon’d in this Ifland. The words 
 are, Britain is encompaffed with the fea, and is not 
 much lefts than our world. The inlmbitants are re- 
 duc’d to the obedience oft the Romans, who keep that 
 populom Ifland in ftubjeBion with four Legions. And, 
 dotibtlefs, thefe Rations and garvifons of the Origin of 
 Legions, and Roman foldiers, (a) prov’d I'ery Cities, 
 often the foundations of Towns and Cities, not 
 only in other Provinces, but in Britain too. 
 
 Thus, the yoke was firft laid upon the Bri- The Roman 
 tains by troops and garrifons (which were con- yoke, 
 ftantly kept here, to the great terror of the 
 Inhabitants ;) and then by tribute and impofts; 
 upon which account, they had their Publicans, 
 that is, Cormorants and Leeches, who fuck’d 
 their blood, confifeated their goods, andexafted 
 tribute * in the name of the dead. They were* Moriuorum 
 not permitted to enjoy the laws of their own 
 country, but had fuch Magiftrates as the Ro- 
 mans lent with their rods and axes to do juflice 
 For the Provinces had their Proprators, Lfgafj,Rowari 3 us Jn 
 Prefidents, Prams, and Proconfuls, and each par-h's 
 ticular City its peculiar Magiftrates. The”‘*^*‘*‘ 
 
 Prstor held a kind of Affize once every year, 
 and then decided all caufes of more than ordi- 
 nary confequence j fitting in great Rate upon a 
 high Tribunal, with his LiBors round_ him, 
 bearing rods for the backs, and axes for the 
 necks, of the People ; and they were every year to have 
 a different Lord of that kind. But that was not all 
 neither ; they fomented difeord and faftion a- 
 mong the people, giving great countenance to fuch 
 as they could make their tools to enflave others. 
 
 Yet, however grievous this yoke was, it 
 prov’d very beneficial to us in the event. For, 
 together with it, came in the blefled Doftrine 
 of Jefus Orrifi (of w’hich more hereafter;) and, 
 upon the light of his glorious Empire, barba- 
 riftn foon vanifh’d from among the Britains, as 
 it had done in all other places where the Gofpel 
 was planted. For Rome, as Rutilius fays, 
 
 ■ • -Legiferis mundum complexa triumplns, 
 
 Fxdere communi vivere cunBa ftacit. 
 
 Triumphant all the world commands. 
 
 And with new laws unites the conquer’d lands. 
 
 And in another place very elegantly, and very 
 truly, to the fame Rome ; 
 
 Fecifti patriam diverfts gentibus unam. 
 
 Profuit injuftis te dominante capi. 
 
 Dumque offers viBis proprii confortia juris, 
 
 Urbem fecifti quod prius orbis erat. 
 
 All countries now in one vaft nation joyn. 
 
 And happily fubdu’d their Rites refi^n. 
 
 Thy jufter laws are every where obey’d, 
 
 And a great City of the world is made. 
 
 For, not to mention the other 'Provinces ; the 
 Romans (by planting their Colonies here, and 
 reducing the natives under the Rules of Civil > 
 Government ; by inftrufting them in the liberal 
 Arts, and fending them into Gaul to learn thelaws 
 of the Roman Empire ; whence that of Juvenal, 
 
 Gallia 
 
 (a) Upon thisaccountltis.tbatfomaijj'ofoiirfamousTowns end inCSeyJtr, which is nothing but the rematos 
 
 «f the old Roman Cafira, 
 
ixxix 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 Ixxx 
 
 Gnllia caujjtdicos docuitjacunda Eritamm, 
 
 Gaul’s eloquence taughtBricilh Lawyers art jj) 
 
 did at lall fo reform and civilize them by 
 introducing their laws and cuftoms, that for the 
 modes of their drefs and living, they ■were not 
 The Roman inferiour to the other Provinces. Their build- 
 works in Bri-ji^gs and other works w ere fo very magnificent. 
 
 that we, view the remains of them at this day 
 with the greateft admiration ; and the common 
 people will have thefe Roman fabricks to be the 
 works of Gyants, whom in the North they 
 * Eihnhus. call * Eatonsy for Heathens if I miflake not. 
 
 They are, without queflion, very -wonderful 
 The and dately, particularly the jpiEis vsally of which 
 
 or Ptils roall. in its proper place, and the High-ways in all 
 The Roman of the Kingdom, which run in fome places 
 military through drained fens, in others through low 
 ways. valleys, rais’d and pav’d ; and withal are fo 
 • broad, that two carts mayeafily pafs each other. 
 Galen, 1. 9 . This account of them we have in Galen. Tt'a- 
 c. 8. niethedi. janrej:ap-’d the waySy paving fuch as ■were ivet and 
 dirty, or elje raijing them : fucb as ivere rough and 
 cver-'grou-nu'itbthornsy be clear d', and ivhere rivers 
 •were norjordable, he made bridges. Ij a vsay lay too 
 far abcuty be made it more direSi and Jhort if it 
 lay over a difficult or fleep mountainy he drew it 
 through places more plain andeajte: if a road was 
 annoy d by wild beafisy or was defolatey he had it 
 turn’d through fuch parts of the country as were better 
 inhabited ; and if the way was rug^edy he took care 
 to Jmcoth and level it. Yet thofe of Britain are 
 fo pared away in fome places, by the country 
 people’s digging fand out of them, that they 
 arehardlyto beknowiii though other\vife,where 
 they run through by-grounds and pailures, they 
 appear in a plain ridge. 
 
 'i'hefe were call’d by the Romans, Virc Con- 
 fularesy Regia, Pratoria, Mi/itares, Publica, Cur- 
 fuspublkiy and AEius, as w e find by Ulpian and 
 Julius Frontinus. Ammianus Marccllinus calls 
 them Jggeres Itinerarii and Publki: Sidonius 
 Apollinaris, znd tellures inaggerata: Bede 
 
 and modern Authors, Strata. Our Hiflorians 
 (who in that are without all queftion in an er- 
 rorj will have only four ways of thisfortj the 
 firft H'atlingflreaty fo called from I know nor 
 what Vitellianniy to whofe charge this w’ay was 
 committed, (and, indeed, the Britains call’d 
 Vitellianusy in their language, Guetalin,) named 
 alfo kVerlaemfiraety as lying through Venilam j 
 and in fome places High-dike, High-ridge, Forty- 
 fcot-way, and Ridge-way, by the leveral Inhabi- 
 tants. The fecond, they call’d Ikenild-flreat, 
 which began in the country of the Iceni : the 
 third, the Fojfe, becaufe (as fome think) it was 
 ditch’d on both fides ; the fourth, Erminfireat, 
 a Geiman word, deriv’d from Mercury (as I am 
 inforrn d by the learned Obfopausf) who was 
 worfliip d among our forefathers the Germans, 
 by the name of Irmmful, i. e. Mercury’s Pillar. 
 And that Mercury prefided over the high-ways, 
 his Greek name ’Eyo'f i^doesfufficientlyintimatej 
 and befides, his fquare ftatues (formerly called 
 Herma) were every w-here erefted on the high- 
 ways. Yet fome imagine, that thefe ways were 
 made by one Mulmutim, God knows who, ma- 
 ny ages before the birth of Chrifl : but this is 
 fo far from finding credit with me, that I pofi- 
 ri\ ely affirm, they were made from time to time 
 by the Romans. When Agricola w'as Lieute- 
 nant nere, I acitus tells us, that the people were 
 commanded to cany their corn about, and into the 
 moH dijlam countries i not to the nearefi Camps, 
 butte thofe that were far off and out of the way. 
 And the Bntains (as the fame Author has it") 
 
 t ^ 
 
 complain’d, that the Romans put their hands and 
 bodies to the drudgery of clearing kVoods and paving 
 Fens, with firipes and indignities to boot. And we 
 find in old Records ; In the days of Homrius and 
 Arcadius, there were snade in Britain certain 
 ways from fea to fea. That they were the work 
 of the Romans, Bede himfelf tells us. Fhe Ro- 
 mans liv’d within that wad (which, as I have al- 
 ready objerv’dy Severns drew crofs the Ifland) to the 
 Southward ', as the Cities, T’emples, Bridges, and 
 High-ways made there, do plainly teflify at this day. 
 
 In making fuch W'ays, the Romans were wont to 
 employ the Soldiers and the people, that they 
 might not grow faftious by too much eafe. 
 
 High-ways (fays Ifidorus) were made almoH aU the 
 world over by the Romans, to fhorten the Roads, and 
 to employ the people: And the Sentence pafs’d 
 upon Criminals, was, many timds, to work at 
 them i as may be gather’d from Suetonim, in the 
 life of Caius. And moreover, we find the Viacaf 27 
 Salamantica, or Silver-way, in Spain, and • in 
 France certain military ways, made by the Re- 
 mans not to mention the Via App'id, Pompei'a, 
 
 Valeria, and others in Italy. 
 
 Along thefe High-ways, Augilifousat firft had Saeton. in 
 young men plac’d at fome fmail diftance from odavius. 
 one another, but after that, f poft-wagons in- f 
 ftead of them j that he might have quick and 
 fpeedy intelligence from all parts of the Em- 
 pire. And upon thefe roads were the cities 
 built; as alfo Inns for the accommodation o^Manfms. 
 travellers; and mutations (for fo thofe places Mutations, op 
 were then Call d, where tra-vellers could changechanging- 
 their poft-hories, draught-beafts, or wagons.)/’'"'*- 
 And therefore, whoever feeks the places men- 
 tion d inAittminus’s Itinerary any w'here but upon 
 thefe ways, mufl: certainly wander, and run in- 
 to miftakes. 
 
 And perhaps it may deferve notice, that at 
 the end of every mile along thefe roads, Pillars 
 were erefted by the Emperors, with figures cut 
 in them to fignifie the number of miles. Hence 
 Sidonius Apollinaris, 
 
 Antiipuus till nec teratur agger, 
 
 Cujus per fpatium fatis vetujlis 
 Nomen Cafareu?n viret columnis. 
 
 Nor let the ancient caufey be defac’d, 
 
 Wheie in old pillars Cafar s name’s exprefs’d. 
 
 By the fides of them, were alfo the graves and Vano, Vtb. Ds 
 monuments of famous men; to put the travel- l^^- 
 ier in mind of hiso'wn mortality. For the re- 
 pairing of thefe "Ways, there were {landing laws ; 
 
 ^ we fee in the Theodofian Code under the 
 
 itle Ee Itinere muniendo, to excite every one to 
 jtmher this buffnefs with the utmoji x.eal and readinefs. 
 
 1 here where alfo Overfeers appointed for them. 
 
 And, ill our ancient laws, there is mention Zaw; of S. 
 made De pace^ quatuor Chemimrum ; that is, of the Edward, 
 peace of the jimr principal roads. 
 
 During the time of Authors.make no Nave. 
 mention of this Ifland. UnittvTrajan, r\Khti- Tr.ja.. 
 tains feeni to have revolted; and, that they 
 were fubduea again, appears by. Spartian. In 
 Mrian s .-ugn, Jfa/inr Smerus was Lieutenant Emp 
 here ■ but he being recall’d upon an infurrediou f Z 
 ’’he Bntains had certainly freed 
 themfolves from the Roman yoke, if Adrian 
 fomfelf had not come hither in perfon : and he 
 m his thlra Confulftiip (or the year of Chrifl: 
 
 1^4) feems to have fubdu’d them by mere force. 
 
 tiro ’'■““General with 
 
 three foldlers (which, I fuppofe, reprefents the 
 three legions of Britain) with this inferiotion 
 EXER. BRITANNICUS: and anXr Irith 
 this, RESTITUTOR ERITANNI^ Tht 
 
 Emperor 
 
Ixxxi 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 Ixxxii 
 
 Emperor reformed, many things in the liiand, 
 and firft drew a Wail (lourfcore miles long) 
 ^ . to feparate the Barbarians from the Ro- 
 
 f Stipitibus, ' it t>f great f timber-flanks fiat in 
 
 * Muralis the ground^ and joined one to another, not unlike * a 
 Septs, hedge. For which expedition the Poet Floras 
 plays thus upon him : 
 
 Ego nolo Cafar ejfe, 
 
 Ambulare per Britannos, 
 
 Scythicas fati fruinas. 
 
 time o( Antoninus the Philofopher. To quiet the 
 
 this commotion, Calfhurnim Agricola was fentP^^hofopher. 
 
 over, and feems to have fucceeded. T'he glory 
 
 putting an end to this tuar. Pronto {who was not on- 
 
 ly not inferior to any in Eloquence, but the grcatefl Eumemus Ca- 
 
 mafier oj if) attributes to the Emperor Antoninus. 
 
 For, though he remained at his Palace here in the 
 city, and committed the care of it to another, yet in 
 his opinion {like the Pilot fining at the helm of a long 
 JlBp) he deferv d the glory of the whole expedition and 
 ’voyage. At that time, Helvius Pertinax was a 
 foldier in Britain jent thither from the Parthian 
 
 Cafar may reign fecure for me, 
 
 I won’t be Ceefar, no not I ; 
 
 To ftalk about the British fliore. 
 
 Be wet with Scythian fnow all o’re. 
 
 To which Adrian reply ’dj 
 
 Ego nolo Floras ejfe, 
 
 Ambulare per tabei-nas, 
 
 Latitare per popinas, 
 
 Culices pati rotundos. 
 
 Floras may rake fecufe for me^ 
 
 I won’t be Florm, no not I j 
 The ftreets and idle fhops to fcowerj p 
 Or in by-taverns lewdly roar, > 
 
 With potent rummers wet all o’er. j 
 
 O. Prjjcits l-hJs time, M. F. Cl. Prifcus Lidmus was 
 
 Proprstor cf P*‘oprator of Britain ,• who was with Hadrian in 
 Britaiti. his expedition againft the Jews, as appears by 
 this old Infcription on a broken marble : 
 
 M. F. CL. FRISCO. 
 
 ICINIO. ITALICO. LEGATO. 
 
 AUGUSTORUM. 
 
 PR. PR. PROV. CAPPADOCIiE 
 
 PR. PR. PROV. BRITANNIjE LEG. AUG. 
 
 LEG. mi GALLICI^. PR,EF. COH. nil 
 LINGONUM. VEXILLO. MIL. ORNA- 
 TO. A. DIVO. HADRIANO. IN EXPE- 
 DITIONE IVDAIC. 
 
 (i CASSIUS. DOMITIUS. PALUMBUS. 
 
 'Antoninus pi-^^ the reign of AntmimsPius (who made a'Con- 
 «• Emp. ftitution that all who were within the bounds 
 of the Roman Empire, Ihould be citizens of 
 Rome) the W'ar in Britain broke out again ; 
 Zottus tr,i;.but was fo effeaually ended hj Lollius Urlicus the 
 tus Propra- Lieutenant, upon his driving back the barbarians, 
 tor.. and making another wall of earth, that he was 
 
 flprtr tnus. fimam’d Britatmicus ; and was alfo highly com- 
 mended for taking from the Brigantes fome part 
 of their country, becaufe they had made in- 
 curfions into Gemunia, a neighbouring Province 
 in proteftion of the Romans. And at 
 
 his Arcndicn. this time, as may be gather’d from Jabokms, 
 Digtfl. I. -it.Seim Satumius was Archigubernm of the fleet in 
 Arttiguher. Britain. But whether it be meant, lh,at he 
 was Admiral, or Chicfbpilot, or the Mafter of a 
 Ship ; the Civilians mufr determin. 
 
 The Britains, making one War a pretence to 
 enter upon another, began to revolt againin the 
 
 IdAars, and there kept. 
 
 In the reign of Commodus, there was nothing Commodus 
 but war and fedition throughout Britain. For 
 the barbarous Britains, having pafs’d the wall, 
 made great wafte in the country, and cut olf the 
 Roman General and his army. Ulpius Marcel- uipias Mar. 
 lus VJ3.S fent agaiaft them; who fucceeded fo«Z/«fProprR. 
 well in this expedition, that by reafon of his 
 great braverjhe began to be envied, and was 
 recall’d. This General was vigilant above 
 others ; and to the end that thofe about him might be 
 as watchful, he wrote every evening twelve lables, 
 fucb as commonly are made of f Linden-wood, and f 
 commanded one oj his attendants to carry the fame to 
 feveral foldiers at feveral hours of the nighu From 
 whence they might think their General vsas ever a- 
 wake, and themfelves might (leep the left. Con- 
 cerning his Temperance, he adds; Though he 
 was made by nature to live without much fleep, yet 
 that he might do it the better, he was very fpare in 
 his diet. For to the end he might not eat his fill even 
 of bread, he had it brought from Rome that, by 
 reafon oj it’s age and fialenefs, he might eat m more 
 than was barely necejfary. Upon his being re- 
 call’d, the army grew heady, and military dif- 
 cipline was relax’d; fo far, that they deny’d 
 fubmiflion to Commodus as Emperor, though fir- 
 nam’d Britannicus by his batterers. Moreover, 
 they fent fifteen hundred of their fellow-foldiers 
 out of Britain into Italy, againlf Perenms (\sho 
 had not only afhow of favour, but a real iway 
 and intereft in the Emperor ;) accufing him of 
 difplacing Senators to prefer f Gentlemen to + ^ueflrh 
 their Offices, and of a plot and defign againft 
 the Emperor’s Lite. Commodus gave credit to 
 it, and deliver’d him into their hands, who 
 fcourg’d him feverely, beheaded him, and de- 
 clared him an enemy to his country. Thefe 
 broils were at laft quieted by Helvius Pertinax,^^^'^’^^ 
 but not without great danger, being himfeltto7*^^°^*’^' 
 well-nigh flain (it is certain he was left as fuch 
 among the dead) in appealing them. 
 
 Thus, Britain was delivered in peace by 
 Commodus, to Clodius Albinus, firnamed after- Albi- 
 wards, for his great atchievements in Britain,to^/'’‘’°P‘’®* 
 Cafarem: but he was foon obliged to refign to Ca/zfi/zVai. 
 ’Junim Severm, on account of a fpeech wherein5"«w >yew- 
 he had inveigh’d, with too much liberty, Proprs- 
 gainft the adrainiftration of the Emperors. 
 
 At this time, the clouds of fuperfticion and^’lis CbrifH. 
 iterance being difpers’d (not while M. Aure-^" 
 lius andL. Veruswere Emperors, asBedewrite.s,^” Britain, 
 but in the reign of Commodus, when Eluthe- 
 rus was Bifhop of Rome) the light of the Chri- 
 ftian Religion by the means of King (a) Lucius Kin^ Ludus. 
 began to fiiine in this Illand. Who (as it is 
 faid in the Old MartjTologies, which w'ere wont 
 to be read in Churches) admiring the integrity 
 and holinefs of the Chriftians, fent Eluanus and 
 Meduanus, tw o Britains, to Pope Eleutherus ; 
 intreating him that he and his fubjeas might be 
 1 in- 
 
 {a) When he lived, in what part of Britain he reign’d, how far he was concern’d in brlnging-in the ChriHian 
 Rchgion, and all other circumftances belonging to that hiftory, are handled at Urge by Dr. Stillinga. Orig. 
 
Ixxxiii 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 Ixxxiv 
 
 C<2fttoUnus, 
 
 Againft tbe 
 
 Jews, 
 
 inllrudtcd in the Chriftian Religion. Upon 
 this, the Pope immediately difpatched certain 
 holy nicn hither, namely Fugatius and Donaua- 
 
 nus, xvith letters ^vhich are yet extant, and are 
 commonly fuppos’d to be geimme, dated in 
 the fecond Confuimip ot L. Aurelius Commodus, 
 Avhich he held together with yefpronius; and by 
 thefe two Peridns, the King and others were 
 taught the myfteries ot' the Chniiiaii haich. 
 Whence that of Niimius upon this King ; King 
 Lucius is firnamd leuer-Maur, that is, of great 
 dory, upon tbe account oj Religion planted here in 
 this time, (b) As for thofe who call the ftory ot 
 King Lucius into queftion (as many do at this 
 day) as if there was no fuch King at that time 
 in Britain, which they fuppofe was reduc d long 
 before into a complete Province ^ I would have 
 them remember, That the Rmnans,_ by an old 
 + ServUutis cuftom, had Kings as f their Tools oj ferottude in 
 inflrumema. the Provinces ; that the Britains at that time 
 (^11} ^ fubmillion to Commodus that all that 
 part of the liland beyond the Wall v,-as fully eiv 
 joy’d by them i and that there they had their 
 iCings. Moreover, that Antoninus Pirn, fome 
 years before, having ended the mar, ’ lejt the King- 
 doms to be rul'dby their oven Kings, and the Provinces 
 to be govern’d by their ovm Courds. So that no- 
 thing hinders, but that Lucius might be a King 
 in thofe parts of the Illand which were never 
 fubjedt to the Romans. For certainly that _paf- 
 fage of Tertullian (who wrote about that time) 
 refers to this converlion of the Britains to the 
 Chiihian Religion i and that very aptly, if we 
 confider the words, and the time. Some Coun- 
 tries oj the Britains, that proved impregnable to^ the 
 Romans, are yet fubjebled to Chrifl. And a little 
 after, Britain lies Jurrounded by the Ocean. "The 
 Mauri and the barbarous Getulians are Hock’d up 
 by the Romans, for fear they Jlsould extend the limits 
 of their Countries. And mhat jionll me fay oj tbe Ro- 
 mans themfelves, mho fecure their Empire only by the 
 pomer of their armies? neither are they able, mith all 
 their force, to extend that Etnpire beyond theje Nations ; 
 Whereas, the Kingdom of Chrifl, and his Name, 
 reaches much farther. He is every mhere believ’d in, 
 and mor flipp’d, by aU the nations above mention’d, &c. 
 
 But that Britain, before this, even in the in- 
 fancy of the Church, receiv’d the Chriftian Re- 
 ligion, our Ecclefiaftical writers (who have fpent 
 much time and pains in this ie.arch) endeavour 
 to convince us from ancient Authors : Namely, 
 that Jofeph of Arimathaa, an eminent Decurio, 
 fail’d out of Gaul into Britain •, and (c) that 
 Claudia Rufna, the wife of Aulus Pudens 
 (thought to be the fame, whom St. Paul 
 mentions in his fecond Epiftle to Timothy, and 
 Martial the Poet fo much commends) was a 
 Bricilli Lady. Further, they cite joorothem, 
 who pafics under the name of Bifliop of Tyre , 
 and in his Synopjis relates, that Simon Zelotes, after 
 he had traveled Mauritania, was at laft kill’d 
 and buried in Britain •, and alfo that Arijiobulus 
 (mention’d by St. Paul in his Epiftle to the 
 Romans) was made Bifhop of Britain (to which 
 alfo Nicephorus agrees ;) but he ipeaks of 
 + The Brutil t Britiana, and not of Britain. Moreover, upon 
 in Italy. the authority of Symeon Metaphrajles and the 
 Greek Kalendar, they tell us, that St. Peter was 
 in this Ifland, and difplay’d the light of the 
 Gofpel here j and alfo from Soplmnius and 
 ‘fheodoret, that St. Paul, after his fecond im- 
 prifonment at Rome, came hither. Hence 
 Venantius Fortunatus ( if we may credit a 
 
 Bale. 
 
 M. Parker. 
 y. Fox. 
 
 Poet) fpe.iks thus, either of him or his 
 Do6trine : 
 
 franfilt Oceaniim, quafacit Infuta portmn, 
 
 Qiiajque Britamius habet terras, quajqiie ultima 
 Thule. 
 
 The Ocean pafs’d, and ventur’d bravely o’rc 
 
 To Britif} realms and Thule’s fartheft fliore. 
 
 But there is nothing more confiderable in 
 this matter, than that paliage juft now quoted 
 from Tertullian-, and what fays, namely, 4 - Upon 
 
 that the Britains had received the Faith, and*^ 
 were prepar’d for it by their Druids, who had 
 always taught them to believe, there was but 
 one God. PAnd the argument is yet ftronger, 
 
 tdke Origens words in a contrary fenfe^'‘“"|''‘ 
 (which indeed feems to be the right) that 
 whereas Britain, before, had worfliip’d ma-ny 
 Godsj fince they became Chriftians they worfhip d 
 but one GoA.When (fays he) did Britain, bejore the 
 coming of Chrifl, confent in the morflnp oj one God ? 
 which implies, that the Britains were then 
 known to be Chriftians and by being fo, were 
 brought off from the worfliip of their Gods, 
 
 Taranis, Hefus, Teutates, Belenus, Andate, &c. 1 
 And that of Gildas is in my opinion ot great 
 weight, who, after a fhort hint ofBoadkuis re->- 
 bellion, and an account how the fame was re- 
 veng’d, fays. In the mean time, Chrifl, the true Under Ntre, 
 Sun, difplaying his glorious rays upon the mhole 
 morld (not like the fun from his temporal firmament, 
 but from the mofl exalted throne of heaven, mhich is 
 eternal and endlefs) in the latter end of I'iberius 
 Csfar (as we are afl'ured) did firfl vouchfafe his 
 Rays to this cold frozen Ifland, fltuated at fo vafl a 
 diflance from the vijible jun. And, by the by, thus 
 alfo St. Chryfoftom, of the Chriftian Religion 
 in this Ifland. The Britijh Ifles fltuate beyond our 
 fea, and lying in the very Ocean, have jelt the pomer 
 of the Word (for Clrurches and Altars are erecied 
 even there) of that Word, 1 fay, mhich mas natu- 
 rally planted in the hearts of all men, and is mm in 
 their lips alfo. The fame Author : Horn often in 
 Britain have men eat the flejh oj their omn Sermon 
 
 Norn they rejrejb their j'ouls mith fnflmgs. S. Jerom 
 likewiie : The Britains, mho live out of our morld, £pjtaph of 
 ij‘ they go in pilgrimage, mill leave the meflem fun, Marcella, a 
 and feek Jerufalem, knomn to them only by j'ame Widow. 
 by the Holy Scriptures. 
 
 (Many have been the Opinions con- 
 cerning the firft Plantation of Chriftiani- 
 ty in Britain, and great the Differences of 
 Learned men concerning them. The latter StilHngfl. 
 end of Tiberius Cafar, i. e. about 37 years after Orig. p. 2* 
 the Nativity of Chrift, is the time which fe- 
 veral of our Writers have pitch’d on, upon the 
 authority of the foremention’d paflage of Gil- 
 das ; who was a Britain, and therefore to • be 
 credited in Britifh affairs. But, not to obferve 
 that this difagrees with the account which 
 Scripture gives us of the propagation of the 
 Chriftian Faith, viz. that after the Martyrdom, 
 of St. Stephen, the Difciples for fome time 
 preach’d the word to the ferns only, and that Cor- 
 nelius (fix years after) is faid to be the flrfl- 
 jruits of the Gentiles (b^bi-e which time, according 
 to ‘‘that fuppofition, there would be Gentile- 
 Converts in Britain j) not to obferve this, I 
 fay, that paflage of Gildas has been evidently 
 miiunderftood and mifapply’d. For he fpeaks 
 of a double fhining of the Gofpel ; one more 
 
 general 
 
 {b) See alfo the hiftory of Lucius at large in Bi/fop Uflicr’s Amiquiucs oj the Brlthh-Churches, p. 19, 20, &c, 
 (0 Ulher’s Antiquit. Britannicaruin Ecclellanim, p. 6. 
 
 t 
 
Ixxxv 
 
 Ixxxvi 
 
 Romans 
 
 ^eKer•^^/tothe^vorld, in the latter end of Tiherini 
 Cicfari the other more particular, to this Iflaiid, 
 at the time he is there fpeaking of, about the 
 middle of Nero’s reign. So that what he 
 affirms concerning the firft preaching of the 
 Gofpel, has been unduly apply’d to_ the parti- 
 cular preaching of it in the Ifland of Britain, 
 f StHlIng. The ftory of Jofeph of Arimathaa is condemn’d 
 fieet’sOrig. by the like repugnancy to Scripture, as to the 
 P* 4. time and manner of the •firft preaching to the 
 
 Gentiles } and is moreover lb ill-grounded, 
 and accompany’d with fo many abfurdities, 
 that all fober and judicious Authors account it 
 a Monkifh forgery, however zealoufly aflbrted 
 and maintain’d by fome Writers of the Church 
 of Rome. Neither GildaSi nor Bede, nor AJfe- 
 riusy nor Mariams Scotusy nor any of the ancient 
 Annals take the leafl notice of fuch a Traditi- 
 on ; nor are the Advocates for it, able to pro- 
 duce any better Authority, than Geffrey of 
 Monmouth, and the Legends of Glaffenhury. The 
 Charter of St. Patrick (fo much magnify ’d by 
 Monaft. Vol.the Popifh Writers) is a plain forgery. It be- 
 I. p. II. gins W'ith the date according to the year of our 
 Lord whereas it is well known that tliat way 
 of Computation did not come-in till a hundred 
 years after: audit fpeaks of obtain’d 
 
 from Pope Eleutherus i which name was not 
 ufed for the Relaxation of Penance, till the 
 eleventh Century. 
 
 Monaft.Angl. The Charter of King Ina, which makes the 
 yel, j.p. i3,(^{^^j.ch at Glafleiibury the firft in the King- 
 dom of Britain, and fo feems to favour the tra- 
 ditionof Jofephof Arimathaa j is of little bet- 
 ter Authority than that of St. Patrick. It 
 fpeaks of K. Ina’s calling together the Kings of 
 Britain, and the Archbiffops, Eifhops, Dukes, and 
 Abbots, to pafs this Charter ; Avhen it is well 
 known, that he had no authority, but over the 
 WeLi-Sayions, and had but three Bifhops, with- 
 out any Archbifhop, in his Dominions. One 
 of thewitnefles to this Charter is King Boldred; 
 whereas none of our Hiftories mention any 
 King of that name, till almoft a hundred years 
 after. Add to this, that it refers to other an- 
 cient Charters of that Church, as to the Ex- 
 emption of the Monaftery ; which favours of the 
 known forgeries of the Benediftine Monks, in 
 England and other Countries ,• and thefe (it is 
 clear) mull be forgeries, fince the molt diligent 
 Enquirers have not been able to find any foot- 
 fteps of Charters us’d among the Britains, till 
 very near that time. 
 
 And it is very confiderable in this matter, 
 that neither thefe Charters, nor others of the 
 Saxon times, however fpeaking of Glaffenhury 
 as the fountain of Religion in Britain, fay any 
 thing of Jofeph of Arimathaa i who therefore 
 muft have been pitch’d upon by the Monks 
 afterwards, for their Founder, on account of 
 the efteem he had, for the refpeft fhew’d by him 
 to our Saviour’s body, and the reverence that 
 his Name would gain and fecure to the Place. 
 
 To all which w^e may further add ; that the 
 Glaffenhury Legend makes the twelve hydes of 
 Land to be given, among others, by Ar-viragus 
 a Britifh King ; but it appears not, that there 
 was then any- King in Britain of that name: 
 And that, with the Church, a Church-yard was 
 alfo confecrated ", whereas the cuftom of com- 
 paffing Churches with Church-yards, is of later 
 date. 
 
 But altho’ the Tradition of jofeph of Arhna- 
 Stilllngfl. cannot (as we have feen) be maintain’d 
 
 Orig. Brit, with any degree of probability ; it is affinn’d, 
 P* 35* upon very good evidence, that a Chrilfian 
 Church was planted in Britain, during the 
 times of theApoftles. To this purpofe, it is 
 
 in Britain. 
 
 alledg’d, that Eufebius exprelly fays, that Demon, 
 fome of the Apofiles pafs’d over the Ocean 
 ixl 7*? Bf2T?ar<xaV nan;, tO thofe ivhicb are'^' ^ 
 
 calid the Britifh Iflands : That'I’heodorct as ex- ^ 
 
 prefsly names the Britains, among the Nations 
 Converted by the Apoftles j and faith clfewhere’^"'"- 
 that St. Paul brought Salvation to the Iflands that'^^' 
 lie in the Ocean : 'I'hat Clemens Romanus faith, £p, ad Cor. 
 that St. Paul preach’d righteoujnefs through the vshole 
 vsorld, and in fo doing, went IttI to r'k^/.ia, ri; Svaio.';, 
 to the utmoLl bounds oj the IVef}-, which Britain 
 was at that rime underfiood to be, and is there- 
 fore call’d by Catullus Vltimam Occidentis Infu- 
 lani ; as by Arnobius it is made the bounds of In Pf. 147. 
 the Gofpel to the M'^efl. 
 
 From thefe Authorities (efpecially that of 
 Clemens Romanus) it follows, not only that 
 the Gofpel was preached in Britain in the 
 times of the Apoltles, but that St. Paul himfelf 
 was the Preacher of it. This is further con- 
 firm’d, by obferving, That from the time of 
 his being fet at liberty in the jth year o( Nero, 
 to his Return to Rome, \\'6re eight years ; 
 which, the ancient Writers of the Church ge- 
 nerally agree, were fpent in the Weflern Parts : 
 
 'Fhat, having taken his folemn Lca^'e of the 
 Eaftern Parts, and allur’d them that they {hould 
 fee his face no more, it cannot be fuppos’d that he 
 return d thither, but that he employ’d his time 
 in planting the Gofpel elfew’here That Gildas 
 faith, 'The Gofpel was here received before the fatal 
 defeat of the Britains by Suetonius Paulinus, 
 
 Avhich was the fe\'eiith or eighth of Nero, i. e. 
 the third or fourth of thofe eight years, which 
 ancient Writers fay -St. Paul fpent in the 
 Weftern Parts : That the 7’raditions about 
 S. James, Simon Zelotes, and Philip, as preaching 
 the Gofpel here, are alldeflitute both of ancient 
 Teftimony and Probability : That, as to 
 
 St. Peter, that point depends only upon the Au- 
 thority of Simeon Metaphr^fles and other Legen- 
 dary Writers, .and (what is more) feems to con- 
 tradict the Authority of Scripture, w-hich ex- 
 prefly fays, that the Gofpel of the Circumciliort 
 was committed to Peter, as the Gofpel of the Uncir- 
 cumcifion was committed to Paul. 
 
 To this account there is one obvious Excepti-^‘lhr.gflj ^ 
 on, viz. the flory of King Lucius, w’hich (whe- 
 ther in the time of Aurelius and Verus, or of^ 
 tCommodus) fuppofesthat theChriftian Reii-f So fay 
 gion was planted in Britain a long time after, OJher, 
 But, in the firft place, that flory is not only an 
 Argument againft St. Paul’s converting the Bri- ^ 
 tains, butagainfl the Converfion it felf and the 
 preaching of Chriflianity in Britain, before that 
 timej which yet is attefted (as we have fhown) by 
 Writers of far greater Antiquity and Authority, 
 than any that can be alledg’d in favour of 
 that ftory of King Lucius. And (not to men- 
 tion the ancient Fathers already cited) it is 
 obfervable of our own Writers, 'I'hat the Au- 
 thority of that more early Converfion refls up- 
 on Gildas, a Britain and a proper judge of the 
 Britifh affairs j but the Converfion under King 
 Lucius, only upon a Saxon, andinraoflof 
 his accounts unfriendly to the Britains. So that, 
 if we muft either reject the Accounts of that 
 more early Plantation, or the flory of Lucius, 
 there can be no doubt, but the firft is to be re- 
 tain’d as true, and the fecond given up, as fa- 
 bulous. 
 
 That tliere was fuch a King in Britain as 
 Lucius, is prov’d by fo many Authors, that no 
 difpute can be rais’d about it : And a learned ufler. Pri- 
 Writer tells us, that he had feen tw'o Coins, with mord. p. 3$. 
 the image of a Chriflian King on them (as 
 he conjectur’d by the Croffes) and the Letters 
 LVC. which probably denote the fame Ir/cm. 
 
 But 
 
Ixxxvii 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 Ixxxviii 
 
 But then the Legendary Writers make him 
 King of the wliole Ifland, and pen a Letter for 
 him (as fent to Rome in form) with evident 
 marks of Impofture, and make him frame a 
 new Conflitution of a Chriftian Church in the 
 place of Fhmins and Archifiamins, which, with 
 many forgeries of the like nature, being re- 
 jected, as they undoubtedly ought ; it is no way 
 inconliflent with a farmer Converhon, to fup- 
 pofe, that Lucifiij confider’d as a petty Prince 
 of fome fmall part of the Ifland, might fend a 
 meflage to Rome (where was a Chrifiian-Chuvch 
 of fo great fame, and a Bifhopy the twelfth from 
 the Apoilles) to receive from thence a more full 
 and authentick account of Chriftianity, than he 
 had yet had. For his melfage to Rome, and 
 his defire to become a Chriftian, do fuppofc that 
 he had been inform’d before, what Chriftianity 
 was ; and he could not fo likely receive fuch 
 Information from any, as from the two Meffen- 
 gers, who are believ’d by Leland and others to 
 have been two of the old Britifh Chriftians.l 
 But now let us pafs from the Church to the 
 Empire. 
 
 Feriinax Votnmodus being (lain, Ven'max was made 
 
 Emp. Emperor, who immediately difpatch’d away 
 Albinus ioT 'Bnzs.m. ^vxPertinax, after a reign 
 of eight liundred and two days, being put to 
 death, Didius fulianus (who quickly had the 
 fame fate) fet up his pretenfions atRome,Pe/cf»- 
 nius Niger in Syria, Ckdius Alhinus in Britain, 
 and Septimius Sewrus in Pannonia j all thefe, at 
 the fame juncture, fet up their pretenfions to 
 the Empire. Severus (who was neareft to Italy) 
 JeverBf Emp.got firft to Rome, and being made Emperor by 
 confent of the foldiers and the Senate, that he 
 might not leave an enemy behind him, imme- 
 diately with great cunning pretended to make 
 Aliinus'ExnY. AlbinuSy who then commanded the army of 
 Gaul and Britain, Ciefar ; and, by ftamping his 
 image upon the coins, andereCting ftatvresto him, 
 and conferring the Conlulfhip upon him, he 
 politickly footh’d him for the prefent. After 
 this, he march’d into the eaft againft and 
 
 in a fee battle defeated and flew him. Then he 
 laid fiege to B)x,antium, and after three years 
 took it ; and reduc’d the Adiaheni, Arabians, 
 and other nations. Thus, exalted with fuccefs, 
 he grew impatient of a partner and rival, and 
 employ’d Aflaffins to murder Albims ; but the 
 event not anfwering his defign, he openly de- 
 clar’d him an enemy, and, wuth all the difpatch 
 he could, march’d into Gaul againft him : 
 where Alhinus with the flow'er of the Britifh 
 army had pofted himfelf to receive him. The 
 Albinians fought fo ftoutly, that Severus threw off 
 his purple, and fled with his xvhole array. 
 But, w'hile the Britains purfu’d the enemy in 
 forne^ diforder (as if the viClory was already 
 their s i) Latus who was one of Severus’s Cap- 
 tains, and flood expecting the iflue of theBattle 
 with his men frelh and untouch’d (hearing that 
 Severus was cut oft, and thinking that himfelf 
 might now fet up for Emperor) fell upon them, 
 and put them to flight. Upon this, Severus, 
 having rallied his men, and re-aflum’d his pur- 
 ple, purfued them likewife with great eager- 
 nels, and fo in the end came off very fuccelT- 
 tully, having, among many others, flain Alhinus 
 himfelf And now Se'uerus, foie Emperor of the 
 HeracUanus world, filfo fent Heracllanus, and then Virius 
 Proprztor. Lupus Propr^tor and Legate (call’d by Ulpian 
 Lawyer, Prejtdentof Britain) to take poffef- 
 Lzifus Pro- Btitain. This Virius Lupus, as we fhall 
 
 prxcof. oblerve in its proper place, repaired many Caftles 
 here. How'ever, he W'as at laft forced to pur- 
 chafe a peace of the Alaata at a great rate (ha- 
 ing firft made fome of them prifoners) becaufe the 
 
 Caledonii, who had promifed to Check the incur- 
 fions of the Maata, had not perform’d that 
 Article. And finding himfelf unable to curb 
 their fudden inroads, by all the feverity he 
 could ufe, he w^as forc’d to fend to Severus to 
 - come in perfon to his affiftane'e.' Severus em- 
 braced the occafion very joyfully, both that he 
 might wean his fons, who grew very debauch’d, 
 from thepleafuresof the City, and alfo add the 
 name of Britannicus to his other titles j and, 
 though now above fixty years old, and withal 
 gouty, he refolv’d upon this expedition, with 
 his fons, Bafjanus, whom he call’d Antoninus 
 and Augufius, and Geta Cafar, together with 
 the Legions. The Britains fent Embafladors 
 iramediately.to defirepeace W'hom (after he had 
 defignedly flay’d them a confiderable time,till all 
 things w'ere prepar’d andready for the war) he 
 difmifs’d, without coming to any conclufion ; 
 and having left his fon Geta, W'hom at his firft: 
 arrival in Britain he made Augufius, in the hi- 
 ther part of the Ifland which was in fubjeftion 
 to the Romans, to adminifter juftice, and the 
 government, among them •, himfelf with Anto-^ 
 ninus march’d into the remote parts of the 
 country, where, without coming to any battle, 
 he employ’d the time in cutting down woods* 
 building bridges, and draining the fens : and 
 yet, by ambufeades and ficknefs, he loft fifty 
 thoufand of his men. Thus Dio, But Hero- 
 dian makes him have feveral fuccefsful skit- 
 miflies ; the Barbarians, from the fens and thick 
 woods, where they had pofted themfelves, ha- 
 ving the opportunity to fally out upon him. Ac 
 laft, he forc’d them to a League ; upon con- 
 dition, that they Ihould give up into his hands 
 a confiderable lhare of their country. And^ 
 which was tlie moft glorious aftion of his reign, 
 he built a wall from fea to fea, quite crofs the 
 Ifland. Upon thefe viftories, he ftamp’d his 
 coins with this infeription, VICTORIA' 
 BRITANNICA, and alTum’d the title of 
 Britannictis Maximus. His fon Geta had 
 alfo the title of Britannicus, as appears by his 
 coins. Yet, without regard to this league, the 
 Bntains began afterwards to revolt which' 
 gall’d him to that degree, that, in an Oration 
 to his foldiers, he. recommended xh.& utter Extir- 
 pation of them, in thofe Verfes of Homer : 
 
 Nemo manuifugiat vefiras cademque cruentam^ 
 
 Nonfatus gravida mater quern gefiat in alva 
 
 Horrendam effugiat cadem. 
 
 —Let none your mercy lhare. 
 
 Let none efcape the fury of the war ; 
 
 Children unborn lhall die.— — 
 
 Having in fome fort quieted thefe Rebels; 
 he dy’d at York, not fo much of any infirmity 
 ot body, as of grief and concern at the wick- 
 ednefs of his fon who with his own 
 
 hands had made two feveral attempts upon his 
 Father s hfe. He dy’d with thefe words in his 
 mouth, I receivdthe Common-wealth diforder^d in 
 aU Its parts ;1 have it in peace even among the 
 Brztams. His Body, after the military way 
 was carried out by the foldiers, and put in the 
 t folemniz’d with races by 
 
 the foldiers and his fons. Perhaps it would 
 look like Levity, if I fhould relate the prodi- 
 gies that happen’d before his death j namely, 
 theblacknefs of the facrifices, and thecyprefs 
 crown offer d him by a buffoon in thefe words. 
 Tou haw ken every thing ; mm be a God. But the 
 method ot Canonization (fince it may divert 
 the reader) I will here fubjoyn. 
 
 It 
 
Ixxxix 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 xc 
 
 The j^pctheo- It is a cujiom among the Bomans to Deify thofe \ Geta. For thus fomeCoins ofhis, which Ihave 
 
 jFf, or leaving either fons or ieen, are infcrib’d ; IMP. C.£S. P. SEPT, 
 
 tfon oF the - • • . . - . . j . I a T^TTrr^ ^ 
 
 £mpe: 
 
 behind them. And they vsbo are thus honour d, are 
 mderfiood to be rank'd among the Divi. The city is to 
 tiertiian. be all in mourning, with fame allay of jefltval folem- 
 nity. They bury bis dead body ca they do thofe oj 
 others, in great ftate : But they make an Image of the 
 deceafed, as like as they can, and lay the fame in the 
 entry to the Palace, u^on an ivory bed very large and 
 high, with a cloth oj gold fpread over it. And this 
 Image lies there, pale, to refetnble the deceafed. The 
 bed is attended, the greatefi part oj the day, on both 
 fides ; on the left fide, are all the Senators in black 
 on the right, the Matrons, honourable by dejcent or by 
 ■marriage. Of thefe, none are to wear gold, or jewels, 
 but to be drejs’d in a thin white ga-rment, like mourn- 
 ers. This jolemnity continues jeven days, Phyjicians 
 coming in daily to the bed-jide ; and, as ij the body 
 were a real Patient, fill declaring they have lefs and 
 * Vifia ohiijfe. left hopes. At length, when the party * is declared 
 Dead, the youth of befi quality among the Knights 
 and Senators, take the bed upon their fhoulders, and 
 carry it along the Via facra into the old Forum, 
 where the magijirates of Rome us’d to lay down their 
 o-ffices. On both Jides the Forum, are certain fleps 
 like flairs : upon thefe, on one fide fiand the young 
 fons oj' the fenators and mofi eminent men in the city 
 on the other, the principal Ladies ; finging hymns, after 
 a tnelancholy and mourrjul manner, in praife oj the 
 deceas’d. When this is done, they take up the bed 
 again and carry it without the City, into Mars’s 
 Field : in the broadefl part whereof, is ereEled a 
 fquare Roftrum, eaven on all fides, and built of no- 
 thing but great timber, like aTobevn^clt. Thein- 
 fide oj it U, fluff’d with combufiible matter •, the out- 
 fide is adorn d with hangings, richly embroider d with 
 ^Eboreis fig’ gold and * work of ivory, and beautified with ava- 
 "u. yigfy qJ. pipiures. Below this, ftands another much 
 
 lefs, but oj the fame make, and with the fame furni- 
 ture j and with wide gates and doers : and fo 
 Ukewife a third, and then a fourth, the lower fiiH 
 proportionably lefs than the higher, to the very lowefi, 
 which is leafl oj all. The fhape and form of it may 
 be compar d to thofe towers, which are built near 
 Harbours, for the burning of fires in the night, to 
 direB fea-men j coitmonly called Phari, i. e. light- 
 houfes or watch-towers. The bed being lifted into the 
 fecond Tabernacle, fpices and perfumes of all 
 with fruit, herbs, and fweet juices, are provided 
 and thrown upon it. For there is no country or city, m 
 perfon of degree or quality, but who in honour of the 
 dead Prime will chearfully contribute Prefents of that 
 kind. When thefe fpices are heaped up to a confiderable 
 quantity, and the place filled, they ride round the 
 Pile, and the whole Equeflrian Order frame them- 
 felves into a circular motion in the Pyrrhichian way. 
 
 * Purpurati* The Coaches likewife are driven round it by the * Se- 
 
 ^eSoribia. nators ; who perfonate the Roman Generals, and 
 their famous Heroes. When this folemnity is over, 
 tbefucceeding Emperor takes a torch, and puts it to 
 the Tabernacle then all the refi put fire to it, and the 
 pile is prefently in a terrible flame, by reafon of the 
 tombuftible matter and dry fpices that are in it. A- 
 bout the fame time, an Eagle is let fly from the upper- 
 ntofi and leaji Tabernacle, as from the top of it 
 which is fuppofed to carry the Prince’s foul into hea- 
 ven : and henceforth the Emperor is worjhip’d among 
 the other Deities. This by way of digreilion •, 
 now we will return. 
 
 'AntmittusCa’ Severus’s foil, Antoninus Caracalla, continued 
 
 TAtaUa, profecute the remains of 
 
 the war, by his Captains; but after that, he 
 made a Peace, and furrender’d the forts and 
 territories to the Enemy. Notwithflanding 
 which, he aflum'd the title of Britanni- 
 cm nay, he was fo fooliflily ambitious, as 
 to call Britannicus Maximus. The name 
 
 of Byitamicus was likewife us’d by his brother 
 
 GEI'A PIVS. AVG.BRIT. PONTIF. TRI. 
 
 P. III. COS. II. PP. 
 
 From hence-forward, Writers for a long time 
 together, omit the affairs of Britain : £ox Alex- 
 ander Seve-, -us wasnoeflain in Sicilia, a town of 
 Britain (as fome would have it,) but in Gaul. 
 
 Thus much only appears from an old Infcripti- 
 on, that Nonius Philippus, under Gordianus 
 nior, was Proprsetor here. Proprs- 
 
 Galiienus growing extreamly luxurious, t\\Q GaUienus 
 Roman Empire (either for want of care andEmp* 
 coiidud, or elfe becaufe the Fates would have it 
 fo) fell to pieces ; and among the refi, this 
 Vince alfo revolted. For at that time, the thirty xhlrT/’T}-- 
 T'yrants became competitors for tire Empire, in rants, 
 the feveral parts of it ; of whom, LoUianus, 
 
 ViBorinus, Pofihumus, Tetrici, and Marius, t\'ere 
 governors in this Illand, as I fuppofe ; for their 
 Coins are daily found here in great plenty. Un- 
 der Aurelian, Bonojm, a famous drunkard, and BSnoflu. 
 by birth a Britain, together with Proculus, en- 
 deavour d to make himfeif Emperor ; claiming 
 all Britain, Spain, and that part of Gaul called 
 Braccata (which had been govern’d for fwo 
 months hyFloriamis ;) But, being at laft defeated 
 b'y Probus, after a very long and fliarp engage- 
 ment, he hang’d himlelf: and it was faid of 
 him, There hangs a j Butt, and not a man. x h 
 
 However, Probus ibund other troubles to 
 ercife him in Britain. For one whom ProbusZofimus. 
 himfeif (induc’d by the recommendation of his 
 tamiiiar inend FiBorinus Maurusj h.ad promoted 
 here, was railing a revolt ; and therefore he ex- 
 poilulated with FiBorinus upon it. FiBorinus 
 having obtained leave to go to him, went as one 
 making hisefcape from the Emperor; and being 
 kindly recei\-ed by the Tyrant, kill’d him by 
 night, and return’d to Probus, and rellor’d the 
 Province to its former quiet. Who this Tyrant 
 W'as, we are not inform’d by any Author; he 
 feems to be that Cl. Corn. Lalianus, xvhofe Coins LxUanus 
 are found in this Illand and in no other Coun-^‘"P* 
 try. Probm alfo tranfplanted the Burgundians-Q^rgisnAhm 
 and the Fandals (whom he had reduced,) and and Vandals 
 fettled them here: and they afterwards prov’d^'^ 
 very fervdceable to the Romans upon any com- 
 motion. But whereas Fopifeus writes, that Pro- 
 bus permitted the Britains to have Vines ; a ve- 
 ry learned man is of opinion, that this paffage 
 might flip from him unawares, as if the Coun- 
 try were unfit for Vines ; whereas we not only 
 have vines now, but for certain had great flore 
 in former days. The many rivsl-Tyrants in 
 Britain at that time, occafion’d that exclamati- 
 on of Porphyry \sho liv’d in the fame age; Bri- Jerom. 
 tain a Province jruitftl in Tyrants ! 
 
 After this, Carus Augufius ^avQ Britam to his Car«^ and C4- 
 Son Carinus, with Gaul, Spain, and lllyricum.^^’*‘*^^^?‘ 
 That he carried on a war here, fome infer from 
 thofe verfes of Nemefiaiius ; but •.to me the Au- 
 thority feems but weak : 
 
 -•■'•■Nee taceam qua nuper bella fub arBo 
 Fcelici, Corine, manu corfeceris, ipfo 
 Pene prior genitore Deo. 
 
 Nor, great Carinus, e’er fhall latefl fame 
 Forget our noble adions in the North, 
 
 When round the Pole you fpread your awful 
 name, 
 
 And match d the God your Sire’s immortal 
 worth. 
 
 In Dioclefian s time, Caraufiyis, a MenaDian-^^’’'^!'?/''”* 
 born (of mean extradtion, but of good conduct 
 nd courage, and eminent for his bravery atSea)"** 
 
Romans in Britain. 
 
 xca 
 
 xci 
 
 was made Governour of Bononia in Gaul, to 
 fceure that fea againft the Saxon and French 
 Pirates who infefted it. Having from time to 
 time taken many of the Barbarians Prifoners, 
 and neither brought all the prizes to the Em- 
 peror’s Exchequer, nor reftor’d them to the 
 
 * p. . . * right owners in his Province ; and afterwards 
 
 taking very few of them, it began to be fiifped- 
 ed that he let them pafs on purpofe, in hopes 
 of intercepting them with the booty they had 
 taken, whereby he might enrich himfelf. Up- 
 on this, he was to have been flain by order of 
 Mnxmian tlie Emperor. But having_ intelli- 
 Carauftus gence of it, he took polTeffion of Britain under 
 the charaaer of Emperor: thither he brought 
 the Fleet which he had with him to defend 
 Gaul ; there he built more fliips after the Ro- 
 man model, was joyn’d by the Roman Legion, 
 kept out foreign Troops, prefs’d the French 
 merchants to his fervice, garrifonM Bononia, 
 and com-erted the revenues of Britain and Bata- 
 via to his own ufe. Moreover, by the hopes of 
 booty in tlie Provinces, he drew abundance of 
 the Barbarians to be his Allies (particularly the 
 Franks, wFom he had train’d to fea-fervice,) 
 and intefted all the neighbouring fea-coaft. 
 + The Thsbe- MaximiaUi with a brave army (| fome of them 
 an Legion, fuffer’d Martj'rdom glorioufly in this expedition) 
 march’d againft him but when hewas advanc’d 
 to the fea-coaft (w'anting feamen,and being daunt- 
 ed at the roughnefs and danger of the Britifh 
 Ocean,) he made a halt, and there began a 
 feign’d treaty, whereby it was concluded that 
 Caraufius fhould enjoy the Government of Bri- 
 tain, as the more proper perfon, by reafon of 
 his great intereft here, to defend the Country a- 
 gainft all Invafions. This is the reafon, that in 
 all Caranfims fiU'er Coins, we find two Empe- 
 rors fhaking hands, with this infeription round 
 *AniuJJcrum.ix., CONCORDIA * AUGG. Maximian 
 march’d with his army againft the Franks, who 
 then inhabited Batavia, and had aflifted Carau- 
 jius‘, and they being furpriz’d by him, forth- 
 with fubmitted. In the mean time, CaroMfius 
 govern’d in Britain, with great authority, and 
 in perteft peace j he repair’d the viall bet-ween the 
 mouth of the Clud and Carun, to keep out the 
 Barbarians (as Ninnius, Eluodugus’s Scholar, 
 tells us,) and fortified the fame -with feven cafiles i 
 and moreover built a round houfe of hewen ftone up- 
 on the bank of the river Carun, fo called from his 
 own name j with a triumphal Arch in memory of his 
 ViBory. But Buclianan thinks, it was the 
 Temple of Terminns; as w'e fliall obferve in 
 Scotland. 
 
 WhenD/oc/^^»andA2hx/7«/rtJzhadmadeCow^rtK- 
 f Cafares. timCblorm and Maximianm Galerim f their part- 
 ners in the Empire j to the end they might keep 
 what they had got, and recover what they had 
 lokiConfiantms, having raifed an Army, march’d 
 w ith incredible fpecd to Bononia in Gaul, other- 
 wife called Gefioriaaim (which Caraufius had 
 ftrongly garrifon’d) and invefted the place : He 
 block’d up the haven with huge beams driven 
 into the ground at the entrance, and heaps of 
 great ftones, like a ramp.art ; which, notwith- 
 ftanding the violence of the tides, continued 
 firm for many days. But, as foon as the Town 
 was furrender’d, it was fo lhakeii by the very 
 firfttidc, that the whole work was disjointed, 
 Eumenius the and broken to pieces. And wliile his Fleet w'as 
 Panegyrift. preparing for theBritifh expedition, in this and 
 other places ,• lie cleared Batavia of the Franks 
 who were then poifeifed of it, and tranfplanted 
 many of them to cultivate the barren parts of 
 the Empire. 
 
 In this juncture, Caraufius was treacheroufly C 
 flail! by AlleShis, his bofom friend and prime E“’P- 
 Minifter; who thereupon ufurp’d the Govern- 
 ment. Upon this news, Confiantius maim’d out 
 •feveral diftindt Fleets ; fo that Alledus, know- 
 ing neither w'hat courfe to take, nor where to 
 expeft him, grew fenfible that the Ocean was 
 not fo much his Refuge, as his Prifon. The 
 Fleet fettiiig out in tempeftuous weather, did, 
 by the help of a Fog, efcape the Britifh Navy, 
 which lay otf of the Ifle of Wight, on purpofe 
 to obfei*ve and attend them : and as foon as -he 
 was arrived and had put his army a-fhore,he fet 
 fire to his whole fleet, that there might be no. 
 hopes of fafety but in vidory. Alledus, when 
 he faw Confiantius’ s fleet upon the coaft, 
 quitted the fliore w’here he had pofted himfelf, 
 and in his flight- w^as accidentally met and en- 
 countred by Afclepiodotus \ Captain of the Lite-+ Trxffim 
 guard; but his confufioii was fuch, that, like a 
 madman, he ran on defperately to his own 
 ruin ; for he neither drew up his army, nor 
 put his cavalry in order, but with his barba- 
 rous mercenaries (having firft put off his Robes 
 that they might not difeover Iiim) he ruffl’d 
 upon the enemy, and in that tumultuary kind 
 of fight was kill’d, without any note of di- 
 ftindion about him. So that they had much 
 ado to find him among the bodies of the Barba- 
 rians, which lay about the field and on the hills. 
 
 Upon this, the Franks and other furviving 
 Barbarians, determined to plunder London, and 
 go off with the booty : but a party of ours, 
 that were feparated from the army in foggy 
 weather, coming luckily to London at the fame 
 time, fell upon them with great flaugliter in all 
 parts of the City ; not only to the refeue and 
 fafety, but to the great joy and pleafure, 
 of the Citizens. By this vidory the Province 
 was recovered, after it had been about feven 
 years govern’d by Caraufius, and three more by 
 AlleBm. Upon that occafion, Eumenius writes 
 thus to Coiiftantius. 0 important viBory ! wor- 
 thy of many triumphs ; by this, Britain is refiored, 
 by this the Franks are utterly defeated, and other na- 
 tions in that rebellious confederacy reduc’d to Obedience. 
 
 To conclude, the fea it felf is fcour’d, to eftablifh 
 our quiet in tkofe parts. You, great Cafdr, for your 
 part, may with jufiice triumph in this difeovery of 
 ' another world ; and, by refioring the Naval ^ory of 
 Rome, may boafi that you have added to the Empire a 
 larger Element, than all their former Dominions. 
 
 And a little after, to the fame Conftantius ; 
 
 Britain is fo pefeBly reduced, that all the neigh- 
 bouring nations are under abfolute fubjeBion. 
 
 Towards the end of Dioclefian siaxd 
 an’s reign, w'hen that long and bloody Perfecu- Britain, 
 tion in the Eaftern Church broke into the 
 Weftern Church with great violence, many 
 Chriftians fuffered martyrdom in Britain. The 
 chief among them, were, Albanus Verolamienfis, St. Alban. 
 fulius, and Aaron a citizen of * Exeter, &c. of * Ipu* 
 whom in their proper places. For tbeClmrch fur- 
 vivd it vskh great triumph and happinefs ; and 
 could not be defiroy’d by a continu’d perfecution of ten 
 years. 
 
 Dioclefian and Maximian having ahdicxtedCmfiantiuf 
 the Empire, Confiantius Chhrue, who till that 
 time governed under the title of Ciefar, was 
 made Emperor. To his fhare, fell Italy, Africa, 
 
 Spain, Gaul and Britain. Italy and Africa he 
 furrender’d to Galerim, and contented himfelf 
 with the reft. While he was a Soldier in Bri- 
 tain under Aurelian, he marry’d Helena, the 
 daughter of Cmlus or Coelim a petty Prince here, 
 and by her had Confiantine the Great, in Britain. 
 
 For in this all writers agree with the great 
 Baronim ; 
 
xciii 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 xciv 
 
 Baronius, Bdronius, (a) except one or nvo modern Greeks 
 Hift. Ecdef. (y-ho are inconfidcrable, and vary trom one 
 another) and a certain learned perfon, v'iio 
 grounds his diflent upon a faulty patfage of 
 5 ^. Firmicus. Chlorus was compelfd b)' Maxi- 
 mian to divorce this wife, and marry his 
 Helena. daughter F’beodora. This Helena is the fame, 
 who in old inferiptions is call’d Venerabilis & 
 Piijfma Augufia, and is fo highly celebrated by 
 Eccleflaftical Writers, for her Cliriflian piety, 
 her ruppreiTiiig of Idols at Jerufalem, and erect- 
 ing a Church in the place where Chrift fuft’ered, 
 and for finding the Crofs of Chrifi:. Yet the 
 Jews and Gentiles call her, in reproach, Stahu- 
 laria, becaufe the Manger where Clirifl lay, 
 was fought out by this pious Princefs, and a 
 * Stabulum. Church built in the place where * the ftable 
 , .flood. Hence, St. Ambrofe : They tell m, this 
 TheVdolius.* Inn-keeper, &c. "ithis good Inn- 
 
 keeper Helena hafiend to Jerujalem, and there joimd 
 out the place of our Lord’s Pajjion, and diligently jought 
 the manger "xhere her Lord lay. T'hisgood Inn-keeper 
 'teas not ignorant of him, who cur’d the traveller that 
 the robbers had wounded. "This good Inn-keeper did not 
 II Sienoraria.^^^'^ !! bafe and vile Jhe was thought, jo Jhe could 
 hut gain Chrifi. Coiiftantius her husband is no 
 Eufebius. lefs commended for his piety and w’ifdom. A 
 man, who rejeSiing the fuperfiition and impiety of 
 many Gods, has frankly own’d the being of one only 
 God, the Govermur of all things. Whereupon, to 
 difeover the Faith of his own Courtiers, he 
 gave them free liberty, either to facrifice to 
 their Gods and flay with him, or to refufe and 
 be gone. But thofe who chofe to go, rather 
 than leave the worfhip of the true God, he 
 kept j and thofe who gave up the worfhip of 
 the true God, he cafliier’d ; concluding, that 
 fuch could not be true to him, who were trea- 
 cherous to their God. This excellent Emperor 
 dy’d in his lafl expedition in Britain againfl the 
 why hb Other PiCls, sitTork', and was 
 
 called Poor, fucceeded by his Son Confiantine, who had been 
 declared Cafar before. 
 
 Conflantine Some few days before the death of Confiantius, 
 Great Son Confiantine went pofl from Rome to 
 
 Y"ork ; (and, that none might follow, he took 
 care to lame all the horfesbelonging to the State 
 for thofe fervices, except fuch as himfelf us’d 5) 
 and there he received his Father’s lafl breath. 
 Hence, this Addrefsof an aiitient Orator : Ton 
 enter’d the facred Palace, not as ambitious of the 
 Empire, but ordain’d and appointed to it and forth- 
 with your father s Houfe had the happinefs to fee you 
 its lawful Governour. For there was no doubt but he 
 had the right and title, who was the firft fon that 
 Providence befiow’d upon the Emperor. However, he 
 feem’d to be forc’d upon this high flation by the 
 foldiers, and particularly by the importunity of 
 Erocus, King of the 4 -^maiis, who came along 
 APanegyrickwith him, as an Afliflant. The Soldiers, with 
 fpoken to regard to the publick, and not out of private interefi, 
 cafi the royal robes upon him ; he wept, and fpurr’d a- 
 way his horfe, that he might avoid the importunity of 
 the army, &c. but bis modefiy at lafi yeilded to the 
 good and happinefs of the Common-wealth. Hence, 
 the Panegy rift exclaims, 0 fortunate Britain, and 
 happy above all Nations, in frfi feeing Confiantine, 
 Emperor. 
 
 Cxfar, at his fetting out, profecuted thofe 
 wars which his father had begun againft the 
 Gekdus i and fell upon the re- 
 
 zicerus, 1.. i' moter parts of Britain, and thofe Iflanders, who. 
 Aft. Cone, as a certain Author words it, are witneffes of the 
 Nicen. c. funs fetting. Some of them he fubdu’d by force, 
 others (for he had Rotne, and greater tilings, in 
 
 his eye at that time) he drew to his alliance by- 
 money : fome w'ho were his enemies he recon- 
 cil d to be his friends ', others, who were 
 inveterate againft him,he drew over to be his in- 
 timates. After that, he made fuch a glorious 
 Conqueft of tlie Franks in Batavia, that golden 
 coins (one of which I have feen) were ftamp’d 
 with the image of a woman fitting under a 
 troph)^, and refting one hand upon a Crofs-bow, 
 with this Infcription under it, FRANCIA 
 and GAUDIUM ROMANORUM round 
 it. So, having defeated the other Barbarians in 
 Germany, and made the Germans and Gauls 
 his Friends, he drew his foldiers out of Britain, 
 
 Gaul, and Germany, amounting to the number 
 of ^0000 foot and 80000 horie, and fet for- 
 ward for Italy. Maxentius (wlio, at Rome, laid 
 claim to the Empire) was fikewife overcome by 
 him : and thus, ha\^ing defeated the Tyrant and 
 reduc’d Italy, he reftor’d the w'orld to the blef- 
 fings of peace and liberty- And as it is in an 
 old Infcription ,• INSTINCTU DIVINITA- 
 TIS, MENTIS MAGNITUDINE, CUM 
 EXERCITU SUO, TAM DE TYRAN- 
 NO, QUAM DE OMNI EJUS FACTI- 
 ONE, UNO 'FEMPORE JUSTIS REM- 
 PUBLICAM ULTUS EST ARMIS. i. e. 
 
 By divine impulfe, and the greatnefs of his own foul, 
 he fo managd his Army, as to triumph over the Ty- 
 rant and all his adherents ; and fo at once, by ' a jufi 
 war, did revenge the quarrel of the Republick. 
 
 That he return’d to Britain, is hinted by 
 Eufebius in thefe words i At lafi, Confiantine 
 failed over to Britain, which is furreunded by the fea: 
 and having overcome them, he began to think of other 
 parts of the World that he tnight relieve thofe who 
 needed his affi fiance. Likewife, in another place. 
 
 After he bad infiiU’d into his Army the principles of 
 Humanity, modefiy, and piety he invaded Britairt, 
 a country enclofed by the fea, which, as it were, ter- 
 minates the Sun j- fetting with its coafis. 
 
 Alfo, thofe Verfes of Optatianus Porphyrins to 
 Confiantine, are to be underftood of Britain. 
 
 Omnis ad ArBois plaga finibHshotrida Cauro 
 Pacts amat cana & comperta perennia jura, 
 
 Et tibi fida tuis fetnper bene militat armis, 
 
 Refque gerit virtute tiias, populofque feroces 
 Propellit, ceditque lubens tibi debita rata, 
 
 Ettua viciores fors accipit hanc tibi fortes, 
 
 Teque duce inviciee attollant Jigna cohortes. 
 
 The Northern nation vex’d with Wefteni 
 ftorms. 
 
 To your commands and peaceful laws con- 
 forms : 
 
 Serves in your arms, and to your colours 
 true. 
 
 Subdu’d herfelf, helps otliers to fubdue. 
 
 Her eafie tribute uncompell’d fhe pays. 
 
 While your brave troops your conqu’ring 
 Eagles raife. 
 
 And heaven rew^ards you with deferv’d 
 fuccefs. 
 
 About tills time (as is manifeft from the The-P/'catlanus 
 odofian Code) Pacatianus w'as Vicegerent 
 Britain j tor then, here was no fuch thing aSj^^i, year of 
 a Proprator and Legate, but in lieu tiiereof a Conftantine 
 Vicarim. the Great. 
 
 ThisEmperorwas highly commended; and he 
 highly deferv’d it. For he did not only fet the 
 Roman Empire at liberty ; but, difpelling the 
 clouds of /uperftirion, he introduc’d the pure 
 light of the Gofpel, opened Temples for the 
 
 worfhip 
 
 (d) See the learned Lipfius’s opinion of this matter, in bis Letter to Mr. Camden, publi/h’d among his Epiftles 
 pag. 64. See alfo Britannicarum Eedejiarum, pag. 93. fol, cap. 8. 
 
xcv 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 xcvi 
 
 f Bafilicts. 
 
 Governmetit 
 in Britain un- 
 der the later 
 Emperors. 
 
 * PrtefeUi 
 Prxtorio. 
 
 II Alilitum 
 
 worfliipofthe true God, and ftlut up thofe that 
 were dedicated to the falfc. Fm ca foon as tie 
 jhn-m of that PerJ'ecmim ws over, the faithful Jer- 
 vants of Chrijl, tuho had withdrawn in thofe dange- 
 rous times, and abfeonded in woods, deferts,^ and 
 caves ; began to appear in publick. Fhey rebuilt the 
 Churches that were thrown down, they begun, carry’ d 
 on, and finifi’di Temples in honour of the holy mar- 
 tyrs ', and, difplayingaiitwere their viclorious Ban- 
 ners, they celebrated fejlivals, and with pure hearts 
 and hands performed their holy Solemnities. And 
 therefore he is honour’d with thefe 'Idtles, 
 
 IMPERA.TOR FORTISSIMOS AC BEA 
 TISSIMUS. PIISSIMUS. FOELIX. URBIS 
 IIBERATOR. QUIETIS FUNDATOR, 
 REIPUBLICrE INSTAURATOR. PUBLI- 
 CM LIBERTATIS AUCTOR. RESTI- 
 TUTOR URBIS ROMaE ATQUE OR- 
 BIS MAGNUS. MAXIMUS. INVIC- 
 TUS INVICTISSIMUS, PERPETUUS 
 SEMPER AUGUSTUS. RERUM HU- 
 MANARUM OPTIMUS PRINCEPS. 
 VIRTUTE FORTISSIMOS, ET PIE- 
 TATE CLEMENTISSIMUS. And in the 
 Laws: QUI VENERANDA CHRISTO 
 ANORUM "FIDE ROMANUM MU- 
 NI VIT IMPERIVM. DIVUS. DIVaE 
 MEMORI/E. DIVINaE MEMORI^ 
 
 I’liat is. 
 
 An Etnperor mofi valiant, mofi blejfed, inojl pious, 
 happy. Redeemer of the City, Founder oj Peace, Efia- 
 blijher of the Common-waltb, Author oj the publick 
 Liberty, Refiorer of the City of Rome and the JVorld: 
 Great, Greatefl, Invincible, Mofi Invincible, Per- 
 petual Augnjius, Befl Prince and Governour, Mofi 
 Valiant, Mojl' Merciful. And in the Laws, He 
 vfho fortified the Roman Empire viith the venerable 
 Faith of Chrifi, Sacred, Oj blejfed memory, Oj di- 
 vine memory, &c. 
 
 And he is the firft Emperor, that I can find, 
 Avho in Coins and publick Monuments was ever 
 fill’d Domims nofler j yet at the fame time I 
 am not ignorant, that Dioclejian was the firfl 
 after Caligula, who w ould allow the title of Do- 
 tninus to be publickly given him. 
 
 However, it feems to have been a great over- 
 fight in this mighty Emperor, that he open’d a 
 palfagc for the Barbarians, into Britain, Ger- 
 many, and Gaul. For, when he had reduc’d 
 the northern nations tofuch a degree that they 
 were not able to annoy him, and had newly 
 built the city of Conflantinople, to fupprefs the 
 mighty growth of the Perfians, who threaten’d 
 the Roman empire Eaflward ', he drew away 
 the legions out of the frontier garrifons, partly 
 into the eaft (building forts and caflles to fup- 
 ply the want of them) and partly to the cities 
 remote from the Frontiers. So that prefently 
 after his death, the Barbarians forc’d the towns 
 and caflles, and broke into the Provinces. For 
 this reafon, Zolimus fpeaks fo diflionourably of 
 him, as the firfl and greatefl fubverter of that 
 flourillting Empire. 
 
 But feeing Conjlantine did new-model the Em- 
 .pirej it will not be improper to obferve, in 
 fliort, hoAv Britain was govern’d under him and 
 the fucceeding Emperors. He appointed four * 
 Chief Prxfedts for the EalJ, lUyncum, Italy, and 
 Ganl'y and || two Mailers of the foldiery,one over 
 the Horfe, the other over the Foot, for the Wefl j 
 who were call’d Prafentales. 
 
 As for Civil Allairs, they were adminifler’d 
 in Britain by xhePrafeHusPratorio of Gaul, wLo 
 exercis’d that Office here by a deputy, honour’d 
 
 with the title oi SpeSlabilis. Under him were 
 two Confular Deputies, anfwcrableto the num- 
 ber of the Provinces j and three Prajidents, who 
 were to determine all Caufes, Criminal and 
 Civil. 
 
 As for military matters, they were under the 
 rule and management of the Majler of the Foot 
 ill the Weft : and to him w'cre fubjedl, the 
 Count of Britain, the Cotint oj the Saxon fime 
 throughout Britain, and the Dux Britanniarum j 
 who had each the title of SpeSlabilis. 
 
 The Count of Britain (eems to have prefided Count ofBri- 
 over the inner parts of the Illand j and had the tain, 
 command of feven f companies ol foot, and f 
 nine '"^Troops of Horfe, *VexiUauones. 
 
 T'he Count of the Saxon Jhore (who w'as to de- Count of the 
 fend the fea-coaft againft the Saxons, and 
 Ammianus is call’d Comes iJ-aBus Mar itimi) haft 
 under him feven f companies of foot, two^. 
 
 * troops of horfe, the fecond legion, and vc*yexUlauonet, 
 Cohort. 
 
 The Duhe of Britain, who was to defend the 
 Marches againft the Barbarians, had the com- 
 mand of 38 garrifons, confifting in all of 14000 
 foot and poo horfe : fo that, in this age, if 
 Pancirollus hath caft up his account right, the 
 ordinary Forces in Britain were ipzoo foot and 
 1700 horfe, or thereabouts. 
 
 There were befides thefe, theCotnes Sacr arum Co\xnto? the 
 Larptionum, who had thecareof all the Empe-^‘"P'“^^ 
 ror s gifts and largefles. He had under him in 
 Britain, a Rationalis Summartm Britannia, or 
 Receiver-General; Prapojitus I'hefaurorum Au- 
 ^fienjhm in Britannia, or Lord-l'reafurer ; and 
 a Procurator Gynegii in Britannia, or an Overfeer 
 of the Gynegium in Britain, tlie place where the 
 Cloaths of the Emperor and army were w'oven. 
 
 Aifo, the Comes rerim privatnrum (or Keeper of 
 the Privy-Purfe) had here in Britain his Ratio- 
 nalis ret privata or private Auditor : not to 
 mention the Procurator Ludi Gladiatorii, or 
 Mafter of the Fencing-School in Britain (men- 
 tion’d in an old infeription ;) with, others of an 
 inferior rank. 
 
 [In the time of this Emperor, the Britifh 
 Church feems to have been, not only in a calm 
 and quiet, but in a %tled Condition; inafmuch 
 as w'e find three Britijh Bifhops {Eborius, Refli- 
 tutus, and Adelfitis) in the year 3 14, fubferibing 
 in form to the Council of ArlesS\ 
 
 Upon the death of Conftantine, Britain fell to Conjlantine 
 the fhare of his fon Conflantiyie ; who, being 
 fpurr’d on by ambition to invade the Domini- 
 ons of others, w^as flain by his brother Conjians. Conflans 
 Conftans, exalted with this viftory, pof-£‘”P* 
 fefs’d himfelf of Britain, and the other Pro- 
 vinces, and came hither w'ith his brother Con- 
 Jlantius. Hence, tliat addrefs of ynlim F'irmkm 
 (not the Pagan Aftrologyi*, but the Chriftian,) 
 to thefe two. In the winter, a thing which never 
 was, nor ever will be done, you have triumph'd over 
 the boijlerous and fweUing waves of the Britijh Ocean. 
 
 A fea almofi unknown to ui, hath trembled, and the 
 Britains arefurpris’d at the unexpetied coming oj their 
 Emperor. What further would you atebieve ? T’he 
 elements themfelves fubmit to your Valour. This 
 Conjians conven d a Council at Sardis againft 
 the Arrians, which confifted of 300 Bifhops ; 
 and among thefe were the Bifhops of Britain, 
 who having condemn’d the hereticks, and con- 
 firm’d the Nicane Creed, gave their Voices for 
 the Innocence of Athanuf, us. But the young A.kanafcs in 
 irince, vuthout farther api^cation to ftate- Ap'ol. 2. 
 aftairs, pew dilfolute an^-oluptuous : this 
 made him burthen fome to the Provinces and 
 unacceptable to his army; fo that 
 Count of the yovii and Heycuki, fet upon him * in 
 the village ot Helena as he was hunting, Siodkna. 
 
 there 
 
XCVll 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 XCVlll 
 
 there flew him ; fulfilling the prophefie, that 
 hefhould end his life in his Grandmother’s lapj 
 from whom that Village had the name. . Tnis 
 Magyientim was born amongft the Lteti in Gaul, 
 but his Father was a Britain ; and now, upon 
 the murder of Covfimsy he aflumed the Impe- 
 rial robes in Caul, and drew-over Britain to fide 
 with him j but for three years together was fo 
 warmly encounter'd by Confiantius, that at iafl: 
 he laid violent hands upon himfelf. He was 
 the moft fortunate of Princes, for favourable 
 weather, plentiful harvefls, and peace with the 
 Barbarians j things, whicii mightily raife the 
 reputation of Princes among the vulgar. But; 
 for what re.afon tliis Magnentius , in 
 old Infcription long fince dug-up at Rome, is 
 call’d T'apormy I leave others to enquire. For 
 thus it is read there i fpeaking of the Obelisk^ 
 credted in the Cirem, 
 
 u^ngeJuS Ro- 
 cha. 
 
 liiterea lapro Romam vafiante tyrannOy 
 Aiigufii jacuit donum Jiudmn^ue kcandi. 
 
 Under vile Taponts tyrannick fway. 
 The royal prefent unregarded Lay. 
 
 Gratianus 
 
 Funarius. 
 
 Amtnian. 
 
 Marcellin, 
 
 h 14. 
 
 At this time, Gratian, firnamed Funarmiy was 
 •f Frafuit rei^ General in Britain ; who was father of Va- 
 caftrenft. hntinian the Emperor. He v:as called Funarius, 
 A. OAarceUi- from a Rope, which in his youth he carry^d about to 
 felly andthough five foldiers attempted to take it from 
 hiniy they could not with all their force do it. Upon 
 his return home, atid the lofs of his Commiffon, his 
 goods were confijeated to the Emperor y becauje hewcu 
 reported to have entertained Magnentius. 
 
 Cenjiantius. Magnentius being murder’d, Britain fubmit- 
 FauUis Cate- ted to Conflantius', and forthwith one Pauly a 
 ” 0 , Notary, born in Spain, was fent hither, who, under 
 
 the mask of friendjhip and kindnefs, would carry on 
 the ruin of others, with great dexterity. T'hat he 
 might punifh fome foldiers who had confpired 
 with Magnentius (when they were not able to make 
 refifiance, and he bad outragioufly like a torrent broke 
 in upon them ;) he feiz,ed many of their Eflates. 
 And thus he went on with great Jlaughter and ruin, 
 condemning many of the freemen to Irons, and fome 
 to bonds and fetters, by arraigningthem of faults that 
 were no way chargeable upon them. Hereupon, fo 
 foul a crime was committed, m mufi brand the 
 • V ■ 9f Conflantius with eternal infamy. 'There 
 
 scrent*ofB^-^^'' Martin, that governed tbefe Provinces, m 
 tain. Deputy ; who, out of compaJJJon to the calamities of 
 
 thefe innocent people, had often applied himfelf to Paul, 
 that the guiltlefs might be fpar’d. PVhen he found his 
 intercefjion was to no purpofe, he threatened to leave 
 the Province, hoping that that would awe and flop the 
 proceedings of a malicious perfecutor of thefe harmlefs 
 and quiet people. Paul, thinking this would fpoil 
 his trade, and having a ynofl dextrous head at lay- 
 ing contrivances (from which very faculty he was 
 called Catena,) took care to hook the Deputy, who 
 defended others, into the lik£ dangers. And he went 
 very near to bring him bound, with the 'Tribunes, and 
 many others, before the Emperor s * Privy Council 
 This imminent danger fo inragedMartin againfl Paul, 
 that he drew bis fword and made a pajs at him j but 
 being not home enough to difpatch him, he ftabb’dhim- 
 felf in the fide with it. And this was the unhappy 
 fate of that jufl man, who bad the courage to protefi 
 fo many others from injury and opprejjion. After this 
 \Frincipitca-villany, Paul, all in blood, returned to the | head 
 quarters, bringing fever al with him ready to fink un- 
 der their chains, and reduced to great mifery upon 
 whofe coming, the * burning-horjes were Jet up, and 
 hooks and other Inflmments of Torture prepard by 
 the Executioner-, fome were outlaw'd, fome banifi)ed , . 
 andjthers put to death. At lafl, the Vengeance 
 
 • Comltaius 
 Imperatoris. 
 
 ■f Fquulei. 
 
 of God fell upon him, and himfelf receiv’d the curiions. 
 
 jufl reward of his cruelty; being burnt alive in 
 the reign of Julian. 
 
 Afterwards (thefe are tlie words of Ammianus 
 Marcellinus) when, by the inroacL ofthofe barbarous 
 nations the Scots and Pilis, the peace of Britain was 
 diflurbed, the frontiers wafled, and the Provinces tir'd- 
 QUt and grown hearilefs with the many flaughers that 
 had been made ; Julian (who by Conflantius was de- 
 dared CAr and Partner in the Ernfire) being then 
 in hit winter-quarters at Paris, wen in fudidiJiraS- 
 ed ciramftances, that he durji not venture to relieve 
 them (m we have told you Ctmftamim btfore him had 
 done) left Ite jhould leave Gaul without government : 
 ctsnjtdering alfo, that the Almans were forming an 
 inJurreBim at that time. He took care therefore to 
 fendhxipkinwstofmle matters in thefe pans, who Lupid»u$. 
 was* Mafier of the Arynory, a warlike man, and* OTtagifler 
 t an expert Soldier, but very proud and haughty i ^rtn.rum. 
 of whom it was doubted, which was his greater faub,^ Caflrenjis 
 Covetoufnefs or Cruelty. He therefore, with a fpply'“ 
 of light foldiers, Herulians, Batavians, andfeveral 
 Companies of the MxPmns, marched in the midfl of 
 winter to Eologn. Hawing got fhips, and embarked 
 his men, he took the advantage oj a fair wind, and 
 arrived at RhutupijE, a place yufl oppofite, andUmufu. 
 from thence marched to Loidon', that there he might 
 take meafures according to the flate of affairs, and 
 proceed immediately to give them battle. 
 
 Under this Conffantius, who was a great 
 favourer of the Arians, the Arian herefie crept 
 into Britain ; where, from the beginning of 
 Conflantine the Great, a fweet harmony between 
 Chrifi the head and his members, had contiuud ; till 
 that deadly herefie 0 / Arius, like aferpent fpitting 
 her venom upon m flam beyond fea, made even 
 brothers inveterate againH one another. And thm, a 
 paffage being mads over the Ocean, and all other cru- 
 el favagesjpotiting out of their mouths the deadly poi- 
 fon of their berefies, wounded their own Country ; to 
 which novelty is ever grateful, and which is never firm 
 in any principle. In favour of thefe Arians,. Con- ^ulpluus Se- 
 flantius conven’d a Council of four hundred 
 weftern Bifhops at Ariminum ; allowing all of 
 them the neceffary prcvffns. But that was deemed 
 by the Aquitanes, Gauls, and Britains, ve-ry unbe- 
 coming ; iwd therffre, refufing that maintenance from^^^ff^ 
 the Emperor, they chofe rather to live at their own Bffl]ops,^°caIls 
 charges, f Three only out of Britain, who were KorthofejBilhops 
 able to maintain tkenifelves, were maintained by * the the Pre- 
 State, having refufed contributions from the refi ; cu 
 thinking it more honourable to be a burthen to the pub- 
 lick, than to particular perfons. 
 
 After this, upon the death of Co;7/?i2j2/i«5, 
 lian the Apoflate (who had fet up for Emperor 
 in competition with Conflantius) banifh’d Pal-jj^' 
 ladim, * one of his great Officers, into Britain ; * primum ex 
 and fent away Alipius, who was Prsfedt in thismagiflro of. 
 Ifland, tojerufalem, to rebuild it; where fuch.^"'"'^"'* 
 flrange flailies of fire broke out near the foun- 
 dations, as deterr’d them from that attempt ; 
 and many thoufand Jews, w'ho were forward in 
 adiaancing the work in oppofition to the decrees 
 of Providence, were kill’d in the ruins. This 
 diflblute Emperor, and pretended Philofopher, 
 durft not fas is already obferved) come to the 
 relief of the opprefled Britains ; though at the 
 fame time he Grafted every year great quanti- 
 ties of corn for the fupport of his German 
 Armies. 
 
 In the reign of P^alentinian the Emperor, WMj/n/aa 
 when the whole world was at waar, Britain was 
 continually infefled by the PiEh, the Saxons, the 
 and the Attacotti. Upon this, Fraomarhis, 
 
 King of the Almans, was fent hither, aiidmade 
 Tribune of a body of Almans (who at that 
 time were very confiderable for flrength and 
 numbers) to ciieck the Barbarians in their In- 
 
 tatn, 
 
 ■ Publico. 
 
 a 
 
 However, 
 
XCIX 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 Am. Mar, A- by cmfideracm among thefi barbarom 
 
 , rM , - . r..-*arraaa.an miitjyv % 
 
 J, h 27 ^ Pfnole. . 
 
 28. 
 
 ed. 
 Theodofius. 
 
 TiBs. 
 
 Jttacois. 
 
 SeoU, 
 
 ZonJon calleci ■ 
 Aagufia. 
 
 Unu,, I. 27 8 People, Britain mas reduced to extreme mifery 
 •Neftaridus, Count of the fea-coafl vcm flam, and 
 Bulchobaudcs the General ma, cut off by tre^hery. 
 'This mans mm received at Court mth great conflerna 
 tion, and the Emperor Jent Severus, at that tme 
 
 a r, a- *StmardoflisHot.ffoU,topunifhthefem[clencm, 
 
 n,fZh.7m.iffortunefloouldputitinhise^^^^ 
 
 after recalled, and fucceeded by Jovinus, mho Jent 
 A PolTibly oback Proventiilides u'M aEfpeed, to mttmate the 
 plate corrupt - there was of greater Jupplies, tn the prsjent 
 aJte of affairs. At laH, upon the great dt- 
 flrefs the Iflcmdwas reported to be m, 1 heodolius, 
 eminent for his exploits and good fortune, was d,J- 
 palch'd hither with at fpeed. Harvmg feleebed a 
 ffrono body out of the Legions and Cohorts, he began 
 his expedition very hopeficty. the Pith were at that 
 time divided into tv:o nations-, the Dicalidons and 
 the Veduriones ; and likewife the Attacotti, a 
 uarlile People, and the Scots, rangd the country, 
 for fpoil and booty. As for Gaul, the Franks and 
 Salons (uko border upon it) were perpetimliy makii.g 
 inroads by fea and land', and by the fpoil they took, 
 the towns they burnt, and the men they kilt d, were 
 •uery troublefome neighbours. Ij fortune would have 
 favoured i this brave Captain, now bound for the re- 
 motesl part of the world, was rejolv d to curb them, 
 men be came to the CoaH o/Bologn (whichis fever d 
 from the oppofte Osuntry by a narrow Jea, ebbing and 
 flowing, apt to fweli and rage at certain feajons, and 
 again to full into a plain level furfaoe, at which time 
 it ts navigable without danger,) he Jet fail, and with 
 a 7entle courfe arrivd at Rnutupia:, ajaje harbour 
 over-againii it. 'the Batavuns, Herulians, tl.e 
 Jovii and Vittores (brave bold men who joUowed 
 him,) being alfo landed, he fet forward pr London, 
 an ancient town culled in aper-agts Augufta. Ha- 
 ving divided his army into jeveral bodies, be pU up- 
 on the enemy i who were roving up and down the 
 country for prey, and laden with fpoil and booty, 
 ‘fhey werepon routed, and foxed to leave their beoty 
 behind-, which was, cattle andpnpners, that they had ' 
 taken from the mijerable Tributaries. After be had 
 made reflitution of the booty to the refpetiive owners, 
 faving only fome /mail part to repeflj bis army ; he 
 entered the City in great fiate, which (though in the 
 utmoB affliciion and mifery till that time) pan re- 
 vived upon it, in hopes of recovery, and proteciion for 
 the future. This fuccefs fpurrd bim on to greater de- 
 fppis ; yet, to proceed warily, he conflderd, upon the 
 intelligence he had got from fugitives and captives, 
 that p great a multitude as the Enemy (compofedoffe- 
 vei-al nations, and thofe of a fierce heady temper) 
 were not to be routed, but by flratagem and furprije. 
 HavingpubliJh’danABoj Indemnity, he order'd all 
 deferters and others difpers’d up and down the country 
 pr provifion, to repair to him. 'This brought-in ma- 
 ny upon which reinforcement, he thought to take the 
 field, but deferrd it upon Jeveral accounts, till he could 
 have Civilis fent to be Deputy-Govermur in Britain 
 (a manpmewhat pajfionate, but very jujh and up- 
 right-,) Dulcicius, a gallant Captain and 
 
 of gi eat experience in War. Afierwards, taking 
 heart, he went from Augufta, ichich the Ancients 
 call’d Londinum, with a good army (which he had 
 raifed vcith diligence) and proved a great fupport to 
 the finking fiate ^ the poor Britains. He took in all 
 filch places.as might favour him in cutting off the ene- 
 my by ambufeade, and impofed nothing upon the com- 
 mon foldiers, but vshat kimjelf would lead the way to. 
 Thus, he difeharged the oflice oj a Bout Soldiei-, as 
 well as of a brave General-, and, having deputed fe- 
 veral nations, who, prefuming upon the fecurity they 
 were under, had the infolence to invade the Roman 
 Empire ; he laid the foundation of a lafiing peace ; 
 rebuilding and repairing tlie Cities and Cafiles, which 
 had been exceedingly damag’d. In this junbhire, there 
 happen d a tenible attempt, which might have been of 
 
 t 
 
 danmous confequence, if it had net been timely pi e-^ 
 vented. Owe Valentinus, o/Vak-ria Pannoma, 
 proud haughty man, and | irother-in-law to 
 irinus (that inppportable a-nd ajterwariis 
 
 Lieutenant,) was banififdfor a I.eincus crime, Ititc .yonjugii fre> 
 this Ifiand] where, like ajavage of a refilefs temper, ur, 
 
 he put all things in diprder by plots and injurrethens 
 againB Theodolius ; and that purely from a defpe- 
 rate fpirit, and out of pride and envy ', be being the 
 only man that could cope with bint. However, that 
 he might proceed with conducl and fecurity in theje 
 ambitious pm juits, he endeavour d to draw-in all exiles ^ 
 and foldiers, with the encouragemmt a-nd projpecl of 
 booty. But theje defigns taking air, and coming to 
 the General’s ear bef ore they were ripe for execution, he 
 took care like a wife man to be befor e-hand with ^ tie 
 cenfpirators : Valentinus himfelf, with fame oj the 
 chief of his cabal, he committed to Dulcitius /o /ee 
 them executed ; but, upen laying things tcgether_ (for he 
 was the wifejl and mofi experienced JclJier of his time-,) 
 he would Jujf er no further enquiry after the other 
 Cenfpirators, leB the general terror it would raife, 
 might again imbroil the Province, which was now in 
 peace and quietnefs. From this, he turn J his thoughts 
 upon fome necejf ary Reformations] which he could at- 
 tempt without danger, now it appear’d tl at fortune was 
 Jo favourable to all bis defigns] and jo he appUedlhn- 
 jelf to the repairing of Cities and Garrijens (as we 
 have faid,) and to the firengtkening the Frontiers with 
 watches, and intrenchments. Havh;g recovered tie 
 Province which was poffcjfed by the enemy, he yefiored 
 
 it fo compleatly to its former fiate, that | at his Edem reft- 
 tion, Hhada * lawful Governor Jit over it, and zLOSrenie. 
 afterwards by the Princ/s order call’d Vi'ilcntia. Tht*^ ktdorUgf 
 Krtcins, an Order of men infiituted by the 
 difplaced by him as degenerated ihtofiveial vices, ana 
 plainly conviBed oj giving infelhgehce to the Barba- 
 rians for reward. For the f proper bt-fnefs was to 
 run io and-fro between our Captains, with the news 
 of any miJeUef they found brewing in the neighbour- 
 ing Countries. After theje and- other rcguhiiions, 
 made by him with great xo^dom, he was jent-Jor to^ 
 
 Court, leaving the Provinces in fuch a joyful and 
 fiouriflsing condition, that he was no lefs eminent for his 
 many and important viclories, than Furius Caniil- 
 lus, or Curibr Papirius. And Jo, being attended 
 with the acclamations of all to thefea-fide, he failed 
 over with a gentle gale, and arrived at the Prrnce s 
 camp, where he was received with great joy and com- 
 mendation. For tliefe famous Caxploits, a ftatue 
 on horfe-back waseredted in honour of him, as 
 Symmaebus, addrelflng himfelf to his fon Thco- 
 clohus the Emperor, informs us. The founder of 
 your /lock and family, cne that was General both in 
 Afiica and Britain, was lonour’d by the Senate with 
 .Statues on horj'e-back among the ancient Heroes. U'hus 
 Claudian likewil’e, in his Commendation, 
 
 Ilk Caledoniis pofuit qui caflra pruinis, 
 
 Qjii medio Libya jitb cajjide pertulit aflus, 
 
 Terribilis Mauro, debellatorque Britanni 
 Littoris, ac pariter Borea vafiator & Auflri. . 
 
 Quid rigor aternus ? Cceli quid fydera profunt ? 
 Ignotumque jretum ? maduerunt Saxonefufo 
 Orcades, incaluit Piclorum Janguine Thule, 
 
 Scotorum cumulos fievit glacialis Hiberae. 
 
 Brave he, that quell’d the Caledonian foe. 
 
 And pitch’d his frozen tents in conftant fiiow. 
 
 That on his faithful crefl undaunted bore 
 The furious Beams on Lybia’s parched lliore. 
 
 How vain’s eternal froft, and angry Pars, 
 
 And fcas untried by fearful Mariners ? 
 
 The wafted Orkneys Saxon gore o’erHow'’d, 
 
 AudThuIe now grew hot w ith reeking blood : 
 
 Cold Ireland mourn’d her flaughter’d fons in 
 vain, 
 
 And heaps of Scots that cover’d, all the plain. 
 
 And 
 
ci 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 cii 
 
 And ill another place, concerning the fame 
 perfon : 
 
 — — — Qiiem liitiis adufla 
 Horrejeit Ljbiay rntibufque impewia ‘Thuhy 
 Be kves Mauros, neejalfo nomine Piths 
 EJomtiity Scotimque vago mwnne fequutus 
 Freglt H)ferboreas'remis audadbus undus > 
 
 Et geminis fulgens utroque fub axe trophais, 
 7’ethyos alterniS refluas cakavit arenas. 
 
 Scorch’d borders tremble at his power, 
 
 AndT^Jw/e’s cliffs that fcorn the labouring oar. 
 
 He the light Moors in happy war o’ercame. 
 
 And Pi^is that vary nothing from their name. 
 
 With wandring arms the timorous icoiJ pur- 
 fu’d, 
 
 And plough’d with ventrous keels the Nor- 
 thern flood. 
 
 Spurn’d the bold tide, as on the fand it rowls, 
 
 And fix’d his trophies under both the Poles. 
 
 Thus, Pacatm Drepanus alfo concerning him. 
 Grattan What need. 1 mention the Scoty confin'd to his boggs, or 
 Emperor. the SaxGHy ruin’ d by fea-fights ? After him, Grattan 
 fucceeded in the Empire, who alfo declared 
 Theodofius (fon of the Theodofius before-mention- 
 ed) Augufius. Which was fo ill taken by Maxi- 
 Maximus the mus his rival (born in Spain, defeended froin 
 Tyrant. Coiiftantiiie the Great, and tlien commander of 
 z fimus, Army in Britain) that he fet up for Empe- 
 
 Orpius. ror himfelf; or, as Orofius fays, was againft 
 his will greeted Emperor by the foldiers. A 
 man valiant and juft, and vwthy of that ho- 
 nour, if he had not come to it by ufurpation. 
 Pre/per Tjro. and againft his allegiance. Firft, he routed the 
 Pibis and ScotSy as they made their inroads 'y and 
 then embarking the flower of the Britains, and 
 arriving at the mouth of the Rhine, he w on- 
 over all the German forces to his party, fixed his 
 Court at T-iiers (whence he was called, Imperator 
 Gregorius Tu- q' re^jerkus,) and thence, as Gildas has it, ftretch- 
 tonenfis, wings, one to Spain, and the other 
 
 to Italy, he levied taxes and tribute upon the 
 moft barbai'ous nations in Germany, by the 
 meer terror ot his name. Gratian at laft took 
 the field againft him, but after feveral skir- 
 miflies for five days together, was deferted by 
 his army, and put to flight. Upon that, he 
 fent St. Ambroje, his Embaffador, to treat of 
 peace j which was concluded, but with great 
 Cedrenus. treachery. For Maximus difpatched away An- 
 dragathim in a clofe chariot; fpreading a report, 
 that it w’as Gratiaii’s w'ife arriv’d from Britain. 
 Upon this news, Gratian went afleAionately to 
 meet her ; but as foon as he open’d the chariot, 
 Andragathimlta.'^’ fiovx with his gang, and mur- 
 ther’d him. Amhvofius was fent again to beg 
 the Body; but was hot fo much as admitted, 
 becaufe he had refufed to communicate with 
 thofe Bifhops that had ftded with Maximus; 
 who, exalted with this fuccefs, had his fon 
 Zapmus, ViBor declar’d Csfar, punifhed the Captains 
 that adher’d to Gratian, and fettled his affairs 
 in Gaul.He was alfo acknowledg’d Emperor, at 
 the requeft or rather demand of his Embaffa- 
 dors, by Theodofius Auguftus, who then go- 
 verned in the £aft ; by w'hom alfo his Statue 
 was publickly fhown to the Alexandrians. And 
 now, having made every man’s Eftate his prey, 
 his Covetoufnefs wrought a general Poverty a- 
 mong the People. His pretence for tyranny, 
 TrifciUianifla.'^^^i to defend the Catholick Religion. Prifcil- 
 Sulpitius Se- liany and fome of Iiis fe<ft, being convifted of 
 verus, herefie at the Council of Bourdeaux, and ha- 
 ving appeal’d to the Emperor, were by him 
 condemn’d to death ; notwdthftanding that 
 Martin, the Holy Bifhop of Tours, humbly be- 
 
 fought the Emperor to abftain from the blood of 
 thofe unfortunate People ; allcdging, that the 
 fentence of Excommunication would be a fufti- 
 cient punifhmclit, and that it was .a thing new^, 
 and unheard of, that a fecular Judge fhould 
 give fentence in an Eccleflaftical matter. Thefe 
 were the firft, wlio (to tiie ill example of after- 
 ages) were put to death by the Civil power, for 
 Herefie. After this; he enter’d Italy in fuch a 
 formidable manner, that Valentinian fled with 
 his mother to 'Theodofii.Ky and the Cities of Italy 
 opened their gates to him, and did iiim all the 
 honours imaginable; particularly, Bononiaywhere 
 this infeription ftill remains : 
 
 DH. NN. MAG. C. MAXIMO, ET FL. 
 
 VICTORI, PUS, FELICIBVS, SEMPER 
 AVGVSTIS "" B. R. NATIS. *Bono-Rdpub. 
 
 In this juncture, the Franks made in- Sujpiuus 
 roads into Gaul; but Ndnnifts and Quintinuiy'^‘*fif'’‘^^’’’ 
 t two great Captains (to whom M.aximus 
 committed the education of his fon, and the gc- 
 vernment of Gaul,) repeli’d them with great 
 daughter, forc’d them to give hoftages, and to 
 deliver up the authors of the Iiifurredion. 
 Valentinian addrefs’d himfelf to Theodofius to 
 relieve him, being thruft out of his throne by an 
 Ufurper ; but he h.ad for fome time no more 
 anfwer than this, That it v:as no v:ay Flrange toi^onaras. 
 fee a feditious fervant fuperior to that mafler, who had 
 himjelf rejeBed Lis true Lord : For V^aleiitinfaii 
 W'as tainted with Arianifm. Yet at laft, after 
 much importunity, he fet out with an armya- 
 gainft: Maximmy who was then, without the 
 leaft apprehenfion, oxAquileia ; for he had guard- 
 ed all the pafles through the mountains, and fe- 
 cured the fea-coaft with his fleet ; and did, 
 with great refolution and bravery welcome 
 , Theodofius with a battle at Sifda in Panmtia ; Zofimus '. 
 and again with another under the conduct of his 
 brother .- but both with fuch ill fuc- 
 
 cefs, that he was oblig’d to retreat to Aquilduy 
 and was there taken by Id's own foldiers (as he 
 was diftributing money among them,) and 
 ftrip’d of his royal robes, and led to Theodofius. 
 
 By w'hofe order he was immediately put to 
 death, after he had reign’d five years. Hence, 
 that of Aufonius, in praife of Aquikta : 
 
 Non erat ifie hem : merito tamen auBa recently 
 Nona inter clara's Aquileia cieberis urhes 
 Jtala ad Illyrkos objeBa colonia monteSy 
 Mxnihm & portu cekberrima : Jed magis iUud 
 Eminety extreme quod te fub tempore legity 
 Solver at exaBo cui jufia piacula Ivflro 
 Maximus, armigeri quondam fub nomine lixce : 
 
 Feelix qui tanti JpeBatrix lata triumphiy 
 PunifH Aufonio Rutupinum Marte latrcnem. 
 
 And thou, fince new deferts have rais’d thy 
 name. 
 
 Fair Aquileia lliall’t be ninth in fame. 
 
 Againft Illyrian hills thy cliffs are fliown: 
 
 Thy walls and harbour gain theevaft renown; 
 
 But this new praife fhall make thee ever*^ 
 proud, ^ 
 
 That here the Tyrant chofe his laft abode. > 
 
 And pay’d the vengeance he fo long had^ 
 ow’d : J 
 
 That thou vile Maximm did’ft laft receive^ 
 
 Rais’d to a Monarch from a Knapfack-flave. 
 
 Bleft town i that all that noble triumph 
 view’d. 
 
 And faw Rhutupium’s thief by Roman arms 
 fubdu’d I 
 
 Andra- 
 
■ i 
 
 ■ 
 
 I I 'I 
 
 I 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 eiv 
 
 ciii 
 
 ^ Andragathipii fuiding his condition delperate, 
 
 threw himfelt over-board into the Sea. Vidtor, 
 Maximus’s fun, who was in Gaul, was like- 
 wife routed, taken, and put to death. The 
 Britains who fiued with Maximus (as fome 
 writers fay) invaded Armorica and feared them- 
 felves there. Thcodofius, foon after his victo- 
 ry, enter’d Rome with his fon Honorim, in tri- 
 umph, and made an Edid, T)mt no perfon fhould 
 challenge any honour confer/ d by theTyrant i but 
 fimdd be reduced to his former Jlate, and not prefume 
 to claim more. Valentinian likewife : AU EdiBs 
 of Masimusy the vjorji of tyrantSj we repeal. 
 Ambrofius, at the funeral of Theodofius, had 
 titis faying ; Maximm and Eugenim are vjretched 
 + Durum. infiances now in bed, how f dangerom it is to rebel 
 againdi a lawful Prince. In a word, this victory 
 was thought fo great and memorable, that the 
 Procsolus. Romans from thence-forward made that day a 
 yearly feftival. 
 
 Honariu Tfheodofnu was fucceeded in the weft by his fon 
 
 Emp7”^ Honorius, a boy of ten years old j who was 
 committed to the tuition of Flavius StilicOy a 
 perfon of great eminence : He had accompanied 
 Theodofius in all his wars and viftoriesj and 
 was by him gradually rais’d to the greateft Of- 
 fices in the army, and permitted to marry into 
 the Imperial family : yet, cloy’d with this fuc^ 
 cefs, and falling into ambitious attempts, he 
 made a miferable end. For fome years, he at- 
 tended the affairs of the Empire with great di- 
 ligence, and fecur’d Britain againft the Pidts, 
 Scots, and Saxons. Hence that of Claudian, 
 making Britain fay. 
 
 Me quoque vitinis pereuntem gentibpUy inquity 
 Munivit StilkOy totam quum ScotHS Hybernem 
 Movity & infefio fpumavit remige T'hetis. 
 lUim effeBum curis, ne bella timerem 
 Scotka, nec PiBum tremeremy nec littore toto 
 Profpicerem dubiis venientem Saxona ventis. 
 
 And I fliall ever own his happy care. 
 
 Who fav’d me finking in unequal war. 
 
 When Scots came thundring from the Irifh 
 (hores. 
 
 And th’ Ocean trembled, firuck with hoftile 
 oars. 
 
 Secur’d by him, nor Scottifh rage I mourn. 
 Nor fear again the barbarous Pids return. 
 
 No more their velfels, with the dubious tide. 
 To my fafe ports the Saxon pirates guide. 
 
 At that time Britain feems to have been fafe 
 from all Enemies ; for in anotlier place of the 
 fame Poet, it is faid, 
 
 • ' ■ ■ domito quodSaxena'Thetis 
 
 Mitior, aut fraBo fecura Britannia PiBo. 
 
 That feas are free, fecur’d from Saxon power. 
 And Pids once conquer’d, Britain fears no 
 more. 
 
 And when Alaricy King of the Goths, 
 threaten’d Rome, the Legion which was garri- 
 fon’d in the frontiers againft the Barbarians, 
 w drawn from hence ; as Claudian in his ac- 
 count of the fupplies fent-for from all quarters, 
 feems to intimate: 
 
 Venit tj extremis legio pratenta Britamisy 
 Quic Scoto dat frana truci, ferroque notatas 
 Per legit exanimes PiBo moriente jigurae. 
 
 Here met the Legion, which in Britain Uidy 
 That curb’d the fiery Scoty and oft furvey’d 
 Pale ir’n-burnt figures on the dying PiBs. 
 
 About this time, flourifh’d Fafiidiyii, Bifliop PaJUtUus. 
 of the Britains, who wrote feveral Books 
 Divinity, very learned aiid worthy fo high Uchryfambu, 
 fubjed : as aHb Chryfantbusy fon ot Martin the Hkeph. 
 Bifliop j who, having been under Theodofius a 
 ■*Confular Deputy in Italy, waS made Vice-* Conpularh 
 gerent in Britain where he was fo much 
 fo defervedly cxtoll’d and admir’d for his admi- 
 niftration, that againft his will he was made Bi- 
 fhop of the Novatians at Conftantinople. Thefe 
 people began a fchifm in the Church, and were 
 called I and had their peculiar Bifliops,f i. e. Pure, 
 
 and were themfelves a diftind fed i obftinately, 
 butimpioufly, denying, TfhatanyonerelapJtngin-i\^f. Trijsar. 
 to fin after baptifm, could be refior d to a fiate of Sal- tite Hillor)-. 
 vation. This is that Bifliop, who (as we read) 
 was wont to take no more of the Church-re- 
 venues for his o^\■n ufe, than two loaves every 
 Sunday. 
 
 As the Roman intereft began to decline in the 
 weft, and the barbarous nations on all hands to 
 break into the Provinces on the continent j the 
 Britilh army, to prevent their being involv’d 
 in the like broils, and conlidcring the necefiity 
 there xvas of a brave Emperor for repelling the 
 Barbarians, proceeded to the Choice. Firft, 
 
 They chofe Marcusy and obey’d him as Emperor jWarrw Emp. 
 of thofe parts. He, not anfwering their hu- 
 mour and expedation, was put to death ; and 
 then they fet Xi^Gratiany a f country-man of Emp. 
 their own j and, having put the royal robes and t 
 crown upon him, attended him as their Prince,* 
 but falling into a diiftke of him too, they de- 
 throned him alter a reign of four months, and 
 put him to death. Next, they chofe Confian~^’!”fi‘**^^‘'‘^ 
 tiney one of the common foldiers, folely on theE"'P- 
 account of his namey as attended with a good 
 omen. For, from the very name of Conftantine, 
 they had conceiv’d moft certain hopes, that he 
 would rule with courage and fuccefs, and de- 
 feat the Barbarians ; as Conftantine the Great 
 had done, who Avas alfo made Emperor in Bri- 
 tain. This Conftantine fetting fail from hence, 
 arrived at Bologn in Gaul, and eafily drewin the 
 Avhole Roman army as far as the Alps, to fide 
 with him. He defended Fa/ewf/iz in Gaul with 
 great bravery, againft the forces of the Emperor 
 Honorius ; and fortify ’d the Rhine, which had 
 for a long time been neglefted, with garrifons. 
 
 He alfo built Forts to command the pafles of the 
 Cottiany Penniney and Maritime Alps. In Spain, 
 by the conduift of his fon Conftans (who of a 
 Monk, was now made Auguftus) affairs Avere 
 likewife carry ’d on Avith fuccefs : and, upon his 
 excufing himfelf by letter to Honorim for fuffer- 
 ing the Soldiers to caft the Purple upon him, 
 
 Honorius prefented him with an Imperial Robe. 
 
 This exalted him fo much, that having pafled 
 the Alps, he thought of marching to Rome ; 
 but upon the news, that Alarick the Goth was 
 dead (avHo was a great promoter of his intereft) 
 he went back to Arksy where he fix’d the feat of 
 the Empire, commanding it to be called the City 
 Confiantinuy and caufing a Convention of feveii 
 Provinces to be held therein. His fbn Confians 
 Avas fent for out of Spain, that they might con- 
 cert their common affairs. Conftans, leaving his 
 Princefs and the * furniture of his Court at * . 
 Sarragofoy and committing Spain to the care tJmaZl 
 Gerontiusy went ftreight to his father. When 
 they had been together many days, and no dan- 
 ger was apprehended from Italy j Conftantine, 
 giving himfelf up wholly to luxury, command-> 
 ed his fon to return to Spain. But the Son ha- 
 ving fent away his Attendants before, Avhile he 
 ftaid behind with his father j new'S was brought 
 from Spain by Gerontius, that Maximus 
 (one of his fervants) was made Emperor, and 
 
 ^ .-V n f 
 
cv 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 cvi 
 
 Nicrphor. 
 
 Calliflus. 
 
 ViBorinus Go- 
 Vernoiir 
 BHcaint 
 
 tjiat he was preparing to advance againfl him 
 at the head of the Barbarians. Upon this ill 
 news, with Dedmim Rufiicm, who from 
 
 * 'o^dorum * Mailer of the OfEccs -was iio-w preferred to be 
 Mapfler. ^ PrejhB) having fenr Edobeccm before to the 
 German nations, marcliM towards Gaul with 
 the Franks and Almans, and the other forces, 
 intending fpeedily to -return to Conflantine. 
 But Gonllans was intercepted and put to death 
 at Vienne in Gaul by Gerontius, who alfo be- 
 head Conflantine himfelf in Arles. Honorius 
 fending one Conflantim to his relief, put Gerontini 
 in fuch a conflernation, that he ran way j which 
 lo enraged his foldiers, that they invefled his 
 houfc, and reduc’d him to fuch flraits, that 
 Hrfl he beheaded his faithful friend and 
 
 then Nunnkhia his wile (upon her requeft to die 
 ^uth hinij) and lafl of all, laid violent hands 
 upon himfelf. Conflantine, upon the clofenefs 
 of the fiege and the unhappy Engagement of 
 EdobeccHiy began to defpair ; and, after he had 
 held out four months, and reigned four years, 
 threw off the Imperial robes, and the burthen 
 that attended them : lEen he took upon him the 
 Order of Presbyter, furrender’d Arlesy was 
 carried into Italv, and beheaded, together with 
 his foil Julian (to whom he ha.d given the title 
 of Nobili[fimm) and his brother Sebaflian. From 
 that time, Britain returned to the Government 
 of Honorius j.' and was happy for a while under 
 the "wife and gallant conduct of ViBorinm, who 
 then governed the. Prot'inee, and put a Pop to 
 the inroads of the Pids and Scots. Li commen- 
 dation of him, Rutilius Claudius has thefe 
 verfes, very wortliyof their author: 
 
 Confeim Oceanm virtutumy confeia T’lmky 
 Et quacunque jerox arva Britannm arat. 
 
 Qua prafeBorum 'okibm fmnata potefica 
 Perpetuum magnifeenw amoris habet. 
 Extremum pars ilia quidem difceJJjt in orbenty 
 Sed tanquarn medio reBor in orbefuit. 
 
 Plus palma eft iUos inter 'voluijfe placere. 
 
 Inter quos minor eB difplicuijfe pudor* 
 
 Him T’bule, him the vanquifh’d Ocean knows^ 
 And thofe vafl fields the fiery ploughs, 
 
 ^’’abufe their power where yearly Pra:fed:s 
 fear 
 
 A bleft increafe of love rewards his care. 
 
 Tho’ that great part another w'orld had 
 fhown^ 
 
 Yet he both worlds as eafie rul’d as one. 
 
 'Tis nobler gentle methods there to ufe. 
 
 Where rougheft means w’otild merit jufl 
 excufe. 
 
 Alarick having taken Rome, Honorius re- 
 call’d ViBorinm with the army ; upon which 
 the Britains took up arms, and feeing all at 
 ftake, refeued their cities, and repell’d the Bar- 
 barians. All the country of Armorica, and the 
 other Provinces of Gaul, follow’d their exam- 
 ple, and refum^d their freedom ; caPing out 
 the Roman Governours, and forming themfelves 
 into diPinft Common-wealths, according to 
 fuch models, as each thought beP.This rebellion 
 of Britain and the Celtick Nations, happen’d 
 at the fame time that ConPantine ufurp’d the 
 Empire ; when by his negled and fupinenefs, 
 the Barbarians were encourag’d to nifult the 
 Provinces. Yet, a little while after, the cities 
 of Britain apply’d themfelves earnePIy to Hono- 
 rius for aid ; in anfwer to which, he fent them 
 no fupplics, but only a Letter, exhorting them 
 to take heart .and defend themfelves. The Bri- 
 tains, animated by this letter of Honorius, took 
 up arms accordingly to defend their cities j but 
 
 Zcfinfus. 
 
 being over-power’d by the Barbarians (who 
 from all quarters came in. upon them) they fenc 
 their earneP requeP to Honorius the fecond 
 time, to fpare them one Legion. This, he HiflorU Mft 
 granted them, and, upon their arrival they ecZ/ai 
 routed a great body of the enemy, drove the 
 reP out of the Province, and caP up an earthen 
 wall between the Fritli of Edenburgh and the 1 
 Cluid i which yet prov’d of very little ufe. Foiv \ 
 no fooncr was the Legion recall’d to defend 
 Gaul, but the Barbarians return’d, and eafily 
 broke through this frontier, and with great out- 
 rage plunder’d and deProy’d all before them. 
 
 Again, they fenr their Emballadors, with cloaths 
 rent and land upon their bare heads (obferve 
 the manner ft) to beg alTiPance of the Romans. 
 
 Upon this, three j companies under the con-+ 
 duel of Gallio of Ravenna were fent by Va- « 
 lentinian ; and thefe likewife routed theBarba-„_^ 
 rians, and in fome meafure refeu’d the Pro- 
 vince from its prefe.nt Calamity. Tftbey aljo made GiUss- 
 aveaUy not like tbe othery but oj Pone, at the pub- 
 lick and private ebargOy 'ioith the labour of the poor 
 natives built after the ufual mannevy and running 
 quite erdfs tloe country from the one fea to the othery by Between the 
 thoje cities that vsere cafually built there againli the 
 enemy : "They exhorted them to be couragiousy and left ” 
 
 them patterns to make their vseapons by. Upon the * jafituenio- 
 South-coaji of Britaiuy vohere their Jloips lay (becauferum Arrno- 
 a defeentof the Barbarians vjas aljo apprehendedfrom^“*”‘ 
 that quarter) they built tunets at foftte difiance from 
 one amtheTy wbieJ} look’d a long way into the fea ; 
 and fo the Romansy intending to return no morey took 
 their laft farewell. 
 
 Now was the Pate of affairs, on .all hands,- 
 miferable and defperate : The Empire (like a 
 Body lame and decrepit) finking under the 
 weight of old Age i and the Church grievouPy 
 pePer’d with Hereticks, w'hofe poylbns fpread 
 moP fuccefsfully in times of war. One of 
 thefe, was a Britain born, who deroga- 
 
 ting from the Grace of God, taught this Illand, 
 
 That perfeB righteoufnefs was to be attain’d by works. Tsmbi 
 Another, was Timothem\ wlio blafphcmoufly 428. 
 difputed againP the Divinity and Incantation of 
 ourS.aviour. , 
 
 Now did the Roman Empire in Britain ex- CArsmVoa 
 pire, in the four hundred feventyfixth year from 
 Czefar’s coming over; In the reign ot Valenti- 
 nian III. the Roman Forces were embark’d by 
 Gallio (whom we mention’d before) for the de- 
 fence of Gaul ; and, having buried their trea- 
 fures, and bereft Britain of her youth by fre-f 
 quent muPers, they left her incapable of de- 
 fending herfelf, and a prey to the barbarous 
 Pidts and Scots. So that Pnfper Aquitanus truly 
 fays. At this timOy through the Roman weaknefsy the 
 ftrength and vigour oj Britain was totally exhaujied. 
 
 And our Malmsbury-HiPorian : JVhen the Ty-^ 
 rants had left none but half-foreigners in our fieldsy 
 none but gluttons and debauchees in our cities ; Britainy 
 robb’d of the fupport of her vigorous youth, and the 
 benefit of the liberal ArtSy became a prey to her neigh- 
 boursy who had long mark’d her out jor deftruBion. 
 
 For immediately ajiery multitudes lofl their lives by 
 the incurftons of the _ PiBs and SeotSy villages were 
 burnty cities demolijh’dy and all things laid wafie by 
 fire and fword. The Inhabitants oj the IJland were 
 greatly perplex’d, and thought it better to truft to any 
 thing, than a battle : fome oj them fled to the moun- 
 tains i others having buried their treafures (many of 
 which have been dug-up in our age) betook themfelves 
 to Rome jbr ajffiance. But as Nieephorus truly 
 Pates the matter, Valentinian the Third, not only 
 could not recover Britain, Spain, and Gaul, which 
 were rent from his Empire but he loB Africa too. 
 
 It w^as not wdthout reafoii therefore, that Gil- 
 das cried out at th.at time : Britain is rob’d of her 
 e military 
 
evil 
 
 Romans in Britain. 
 
 cviii 
 
 miinarj forces, ofherRultrs (barharom as theywere,) 
 and of her numerous youth. For, befides thofe 
 whom Maximilian the Ufurper and the laft 
 Conftantine, drew otf ; it is plain, from ancient 
 Infcriptions and the Notitia, that the following 
 forces were in the fervice of the Romans ; dif- 
 pers’d through the Provinces, and continually 
 recruited from Britain: 
 
 Aia Eritamica MiUiaria. 
 
 Ain nil- Britomm in Mgypo. 
 
 Cobors Prima ALlia Britonum. 
 
 CohorsYPi. Britonum. 
 
 Calms VII. Britonum. 
 
 Cobors XXVI. Britonum in Armenia. 
 
 Britnnniciani fub Mtigifiro peditum. 
 
 InvilH juniorcs Britnnniciani 7 inter auxilia 
 
 Exculcatores jun. Britan. i Palatina. 
 
 Britenes cum Magiftro Equitum Galliarum. 
 
 Jnvicii fmiores Britones intra Hifpanias. 
 
 Brimes Seniores in lUyrko. 
 
 Ko wonder then, that Britain was expos’d to 
 the Barb.arians, when fo many and fuch confi- 
 derablc forces were daily drawn away into fo- 
 reign parrs : w Inch confirms that remarkable 
 truth in Tacitus, "That there vjai no [hrength in the 
 Roman armies, but what came from abroad. 
 
 Whilft I treat of the Roman Empire in Bri- 
 tain (which lafted, as I faid, about 475 years,) 
 it comes into my mind how many Colonies of 
 Romans mud have been tranfplanted hither in 
 folong a time i w'hat numbers of foldiers were 
 continually feiit from Rome, for Garrifons 
 how mail)' Perfons were difpatch’d hither, to 
 negotiate afiairs, publick or private^ and that 
 thefe, inter-marrying with the Britains, feated 
 ihcmfclves here, and multiplied into Families: 
 For v:hcrc-en:er (fays Seneca) the Roman conquers, 
 
 . he inhabits. So that I have oft-times concluded. 
 How the Britains might derive themfelves from 
 
 riv’d from tlie Troja)is by thefe Romans (who doubtlefs 
 Trojans. defccnded from the Trojans,) with greater pro- , 
 bability, than either the Arvem, who from lro~ 
 jan Blood Riled tliemfelves brethren to the Ro- 
 mans, or the Mamertini, Hedui, and others, who 
 upon fabulous grounds grafted themfelves 
 into the Rock. For Rome, that common 
 Mother (as one calls her) challenges all fuch as 
 citizens 
 
 Quos demuit, nexuque pio hnginqua revinxit. 
 
 Whom conquer’d Ihe in fecred bonds hath 
 tied* 
 
 And it is eafie to believe, that the Britains and 
 
 Romans, by a mutual engrafting for fo many 
 
 ages, have incorporated into one Nation i 
 
 fince the Ubii in Germany, but twenty 
 
 eight years after their Colony was planted, 
 
 made tin's anfwer with refpeft to the Romans 
 
 there: 'This is the proper country of thofe who wereTarimUh./^, 
 
 tranfplanted hither thofe who hanse married aww^hiih 
 
 m, and the ijfue of thofe marriages. Nor can we 
 
 think you fo wicked or unjufi, that you would have 
 
 Hi murder our own Parents, Brethren, and Children. 
 
 If the Ubii aird the Romans, in fo fhort a fpace, 
 were come to the relation of Parents, Brethren, 
 andChildren', what fhall we think of xht Britains 
 and Romans, who aifociated for fo great a num- 
 ber of years ? What may we fay of 1 the Bri- 
 tains, compared with*] the Burgundians, who, 
 from a tinfture of tlieir blood (during a fhort 
 abode in the Roman Provinces) call’d themfelves 
 the offspring of the Romans? Not to re'peat Amm. 
 what I have already faid, that this Ifland was lib. 
 
 call’d Romania, and the Kotnan JJland. ^ ’ 
 
 Thus much (all fiftions a-part) I have fum- 
 marily obferv’d out of the ancient monuments 
 of Antiquity, touching the Roman Govern- 
 ment in Britain, their Lieutenants, Proprators, 
 
 Prefidents, Vicegerents, and Rectors. But I 
 could have done it more fully and accurately, 
 had Aufonim kept his promife, to enumerate all, 
 who 
 
 Aut Italtm populos, Aquilonigenafque Brttannos 
 PrafeBuramm titulo tenuere fecuvdo. 
 
 In Italy or Britains Northern fhore, 
 
 'I’he Praifed’s honour with fuccefs have bore. 
 
 Since it is agreed among the learned, that an- 
 cient Coins do very much contribute to the un- 
 derRanding of ancient HiRories j I thought it 
 not amifs to prefent the Reader with i'ome 
 Pieces (as well of the Britains, whofirR Roop’d 
 to the Roman Yoke, as of fome Roman Em- 
 perors who had more immediate relation to Bri- 
 tain) out of the Colledion of the iamous 
 Sir Robert Cotton of Connington who with great 
 diligence made that Colledion, and with his 
 wonted kindnefs and humanity did communi- 
 cate them to me. 
 
 CON- 
 
CIX 
 
 cx 
 
 r? >7ivr*'TFriCil7Tlhnfcffy: Ti«^CI5T‘.f^'3«rrr*^i?^c:j*'.77^ciS' 
 
 „ _ _ 
 
 CONJECTURES 
 
 UPON THE 
 
 Britifh C O 
 
 T is probable, you -will 
 cxpeftthatlfhould make 
 feme fliorc remarks upon 
 the Coins which I have 
 here reprefented. But for 
 my parr, I freely declare 
 my felf at a iofs, what 
 to fay to things fo much 
 obfeur’d by age ; and 
 you, when you read thefe conjeftures, will 
 plainly perceive that I have grop’d in the 
 dark. 
 
 I have obferv’d before from. Caefar, that the 
 ancient Britains ufed brafs-money, or rings, or 
 plates of iron by u-eight i and there are thofe w ho 
 affirm, that they have found fome of thefe in 
 urns. Befides which, there are found in this 
 Ifland, Coins of gold, lilver, and brafs, of fe- 
 t'eral fhapes and weight ; moil of them hollow 
 on one fide : fome without letters, others with 
 letters curioufly engraved. And I could never 
 hear that fuch were dug-up in other Countries j 
 tnn° 1607 ^ Faber Petrafeius (a noble 
 
 young Gentleman of Provence in France who 
 has great knowledge and lagacity in the Study 
 of Coins,) fhewed me fome fuch, that had been 
 found in France. But to come to thofe which 
 I have here given you. 
 
 I. . The firft is CmobeUne s, who flourifh’d under 
 Augufius and Tiberius \ upon which (if I 
 miftake not) are engraven the head of ^Jamis^ 
 poffibly, becaufe at that time Britain began to 
 be a little refined from its barbarity. For ^janus 
 is faid to have firfl chang’d barbarity into hu- 
 manity 3 and for that reafon, to be painted 
 with two faces, as liaving in efled chang’d the 
 famevifage into another form. 
 
 rif it be a ^anm (fays Mr, Walker) I had ra- 
 ther apply it to the Ihutting of Janus's Temple 
 by Augufius ; in whofe time Cunobeline lived at 
 Rome j and both himfelf and the Britains were 
 benefited by that general peace. But I fear, 
 that is not the head of Janus i for the faces up- 
 on his Temple and Coins were divers, one old, 
 the other young ; but this feems made for two 
 young women’s faces, wliether Cunobeline' swives, 
 liflers, or cJiildren, I know not.1 
 3. The fecond likewife is Cumbeline'Sj with his 
 face and name; and on the reverfe the mint- 
 mafter, with the addition of the word T ASCI A ; 
 W'hich in Britifh fignifies a Tribute-Penny (as 
 I am inform d by David Po-wel, a perfon admi- 
 rably skill’d in that language ;) fo call’d, per- 
 haps, from the Latin "Taxatio ; for the Britains 
 do npt ufe the letter X. And on the fame ac- 
 
 count, we often fee Moneta upon the Roman 
 Coins. 
 
 The third is alfo the fame Cunobeline's, with a j. 
 horfe and CUNO ; and with an ear of corn, and 
 CAMV. which feems to Hand for 
 the palace of Cunobeline. 
 
 fl conceive (fays Mr. W.alker) the horfe was 
 fo frequently ftamped upon their Coins, be- 
 caufe of their extraordinary goodnefs in this 
 country (the like is upon divers Cities and 
 Provinces in Gallia .-) or, to fliew, that they 
 were, in their own opinion, excellent horfe-^ 
 men. I'he Boar al!b, and Bull, were Emblems 
 of ftrength, courage, and fiercenefs ; and I find 
 that anciently the Romans ufed for their En- 
 figns, horfes, vcolves, bears, &c. till Caitu Marius's 
 third Confulfllip, who then firft ordained the 
 Eagle only to be the ftanding Enfign of the 
 Legions: as Trajan, after the Dacian War, fet 
 up Dragons for Eniigns of the Cohorts.] 
 
 The fourth, by the VER, fliould feem to 4. 
 have been coin’d at Verulam. 
 
 The fifth likewife, is Cunobeline's. 5. 
 
 The fixrh, having no infeription, Iknowno- 6. 
 thing oh 
 
 [The horfe (as Mr. Walker thought) feems 
 faften’d by one fore and the oppofite hinder-foot, 
 to fome weight ; as if it fignified the inventi- 
 on of one of their Princes, to teach them, fome 
 pace or motion. The wheel under him, a- 
 mongft the Romans, intimated the making of 
 an High-vay for Carts : So many of which be- 
 ing in the Romans time made in this country, 
 well deferred fuch a memorial,] 
 
 The feventh, which is Cunobelin’s, with 7. 
 this Infeription T"afc Novanei, and a woman’s 
 head, I dare not diredUy affirm to have been the 
 Tribute-money of the Trinovantes, who were 
 under his government, [Mr. Walker thinks, 
 the Novanei may denote fome unknown City in 
 the Dominion of Cunobeline.] (t Apollo with his tl Reverfe, a 
 harp and the name of Cunobeline on the reverfe, a-nd Wolf 
 bring to my mind what I have fomewhere ob- 
 ferv’d of the- God Belinus ; namely, that the ker. 
 ancient Gauls worfhip’d Apollo under the name 
 of Belinus. And this is confirmed by Diofeo- 
 rides; who exprefly fays, t\\&t t\ie HerbaApolli^ 
 naris (in the juice whereof the Gauls ufed to 
 dip their arrows) was call’d in Gaulifh 
 Belinuntia. From which I durft almoft make 
 this inference, that the name of Cumheline, 
 as alfo that of Cajjtbilin, came originally 
 from the worfhip of ApoJio ; as well as Pheebitius 
 and Delphidius. Uniefs one fhould rather fay, 
 that zs Apollo, for his yellow hair, was called by 
 
 the 
 
Britijh COINS. 
 
 CXli 
 
 esi 
 
 ~ the Greelcs StcvSk, and by the Ltixlns Flavus ; 
 fo he was call’d by the Britains and Gauls, _ Be- 
 liri : Since a man of a j’ellow complexion, is in 
 Bricilli call’d Bdiny Felin-, and for that 
 
 reafon,- the' ancient names of Belin, Cunobelin, 
 and Cajjlbelin (called alld Cajjivellaun,) feem 
 to import as much as Telbow Princes. For 
 the Britains tell you, that CUNO is a 
 name of dignity 5 and at this day they call 
 a thing that is principal or chief y Cynoc. That it 
 was a term of iionour, is evident from Cungeto- 
 riv, Cunoklinus, Cuneglafus, Cuneduy andCuneda- 
 among the Britains j andCyngetorix, Co>miBo- 
 litanus, and Conteodunus, amongthe ancient Gauls: 
 all, names of Princes. And I know too, that 
 tho’ Gildas renders Cuneglafus in Latin Lank 
 fuhus or fu'i-vus, i. e. a deep yellow or black 
 butcher, yet he is called by others a sky or glafs- 
 eolourd Prince : as they alfo interpret Cuneda, a 
 good Prince. But that the Germ.in Koning, 
 and our King, came from this CunOy I have yet 
 no ground to believe. In the mean time, I am 
 content to have fported thus far in a variety of 
 ConjeBures only, that I might not, by being po- 
 litive, make my felf a fport to others. 
 
 8. The eighth' has a } Chariot-horfe with a 
 ^Ejfeiarius -y.'hccl underneath j and, by the BOD VO on 
 
 the reverfe, feems to have belong’d to the peo- 
 ple of the Boduniy or to' Queen Bodicia j called 
 alfo Voadicia, and Bundiiica. 
 
 9. The ninth, is one on horfe-back with a fpear 
 and fhield and CAERATIC in fcattered let- 
 ters : from which I fhould guefs it to be a Coin 
 of that warlike CarataaiSy fo much commended 
 by T.acitus. 
 
 [The Britains (faith Mr. Walker) called him 
 Caradaucy and gave him the Epithets UrkjraSy 
 ftrong-arms. But others read it Epatica ; which 
 may keep its native fignification, fmee we find 
 Par/ly, the Palm, Vincy Myrtle, Cynoglojfum, 
 Lajerpitiurn, and other plants, fometimes figured, 
 fomerimes only named, upon Coins ; as you 
 may fee in Spanhemius?\ 
 
 £0, 'Fhe tenth, on one fide whereof is -written 
 REX under a man on horfeback, and COM 
 on the other feems to me and others to be a 
 Coin of Coinitis Atrebatenjis, whom Calar men- 
 tions. [But (fays Mr. Walker) I cannot con- 
 ceive this to have been Comhis, made by Cafar 
 King of the Atrebates (Arras j) becaufe he 
 feems not to have had any pow’er in Britain, 
 W'here the greatefi: part of his fiay was in pri- 
 fon ; and at his return into his ov\ n country he 
 headed a rebellion againft the Romans. Be- 
 fides, in other Coins it is Comm, -w hich either 
 llgnifies that fome City-, or other Community, 
 coined it ; or that it was ftamped in the rime 
 of Commodus the Emperor. For I cannot think 
 that it Commorus 'y by Gregorius Tu- 
 
 ronenfis, or Venantius Fortunatus, named Duke 
 of Britannia Armorica. A. C. 55 o."l 
 
 11. The eleventh, which has on it a little half- 
 moon with this infeription REX CABLE, 
 may w ell relate to Callena, a famous City. 
 
 12. The twelfth has a winged head, with the 
 word ATEVLA and on the Reverfe a Lion, 
 with this Infeription VLATOS. All my en- 
 quiry after the meaning of thefe words, has 
 been in vain. Only’-, I have feen the Goddefs 
 ViBoria in the very fame figure upon the Ro- 
 man Coinsj but do not yet find that the Bri- 
 tains ever called Viftory ATEVLA. That 
 they nam’d Viftory Andate, I have already ob- 
 ferv’d from Dio but w hether that w as the fame 
 with ANDARTA, w ho was worfliip’d by the 
 Vocontii in Gaul, Heave to the judgment of others. 
 
 13* Here alfo you fee the thirteenth, with the 
 -word DIAS in a Pentagon , and on the reverfe, 
 a horfe. 
 
 [This (fays Mr. Walker, who fpeaks of it as 
 an OBogon) icems to have been the Coin ot a 
 Chrifiian Prince •, for by it the Chriltians an- 
 ciently figured the Font for baptifm. In Gruters 
 Infcriptions t are verfes ol ht. Ambrofe, upon Pag, 
 the Font of St. Tfecla, 
 
 OBogonus fons eU mnnere dignus eo. 
 
 Hoc numero decuit jacri baptifmatis aulam 
 Surgere, cyuo populo 'vera faUa rediit. 
 
 The Font an OBogon, deferves the ho- 
 itour. 
 
 A number, which befits tliat facred VefieL 
 
 Wherein Salvation is refiorM to Man. 
 
 And it is a common obfervation, that as fix 
 was the number of Antichrift, lo eight, of true 
 Chrifiianity.] 
 
 'Fhe fourteenth, with a hog, and thisinferip- I4. 
 tionVANOC; and the head of a Goddefs, 
 poflibly ol Venm, or ol f Venutius, mentioned 4 So, S^etL 
 by 'Facitus, [as a valiant King of the Brigantes, 
 and married to Cartifmandua, who betrayed the 
 noble and gallant Caradacus. Mr. Walker 
 thinks the other fide to be a vcolf and boar, twO 
 fierce beafis joyned together, and the head 6f a 
 town or city, and fo Vano Ciwtf 
 
 The fifteenth, a. head W'ith a helmet upon it, 1 5 - 
 and DVRNACO ; but whether he was that 
 Dumnacusy a Prince of the Andes, whom Ccefar 
 mentions, I know not! [Durnacum (fays 
 Mr. Walker) is the City of Tournay, and the 
 head is, as they -ufually decipher Cities.*] 
 
 The fixteenth, with a horfe, and ORCETI, id. 
 [which (fays Mr. Walker) if rightly fpell’d, is 
 fome City unkno-wm to us. On the other lidcj 
 is a Woman’s head.*] 
 
 The feventeenth, the Image of Angujius, and 17. 
 Tafcia ; on the reverfe, a bull pufliing. 
 
 The eighteenth, CVNO within a laurel 18. 
 Crown ; and on the reverfe, a horfe, with 
 TASCE. 
 
 I have likewife feen another with Pegafus an(i 
 CAMV j and on the- reverfe, a man’s head 
 with an helmet, and a fhicid between ears of 
 corn, and CVNO. Another, with a horfe ill- 
 fhap’d, and EISV, perhaps ISVRI VS; and on 
 the reverfe, an ear of corn. Another, a foldier 
 with a fpear; and on the re\'erfe, between a 
 wreath or chain, SOLID V. I cannot believe, 
 that it was the piece of money called Solidus, ■ 
 wiiich in that age was alw'ays^o/d; whereas this 
 is filver. It may with greater probability be re- 
 ferr’d to the Solidurii ; for fo the ancient Gauls SoUiurll. 
 called thofe f who had rcfolved to live and die f Vim dtvo^ 
 together. ^ The terms were thefe. That they»‘’^- Cxf.Om. 
 fhould enjoy all the advantages of life in common ; 
 and that il -violence was offer’d to any of them, 
 they fliould either joyn in the fame Ibrtune, or 
 kill themfelves. Nor was there ever any of 
 thefe, that refufed to die, after the party was 
 {lain towhofe friendfiiip he had fo devoted him- 
 felf. Whether Soldiers, wiio as ftipendiaries 
 are devoted to fome Prince or State, and are 
 call’d in feveral nations of Europe almoft by the 
 fame name, Soldiers, SoldatSi Soldados, ike. whe- 
 ther thefe (I fay) had their name from the Sol- 
 duriiy is a point which I had rather recommend 
 to the confider.ation of others, than dctermiii 
 my felf. I ho’ Lam inclin’d to another opinion, 
 that they were call’d Solidarii in after ages, to 
 diftinguifh. them from fuch as by rcalon of their 
 Feudal tenures, ferv’d without the folidi or 
 pay. 
 
 Whether this fort of money pafs’d currant in 
 the w ay of emde and exchange, or was at- firft 
 coin’d for fome fpecial ufe ; is a quefiion among 
 
 the 
 
cxiii 
 
 Britijh COINS. 
 
 cxiv 
 
 the learned My opinion (if I may be allow’d 
 to interpofe it) is this. After Csfar had ap- 
 pointed how much tribute fhould be paid year- 
 ly by the Britains, and they were opprefs’d 
 I pQrtoria. (under Auguflus) with the payment of f Cu- 
 homs, both for exporting and importing com- 
 modities ; and had by degrees other taxes laid 
 * Sativis. upon them, namely for corn-grounds, plantations, 
 groves, pafiurage oj greater and lejfer cattle , as be- 
 ing now in the condition of fubjeSis, not of 
 jlaves : I have thought that fuch Coins were 
 firft ftamp'^d for thefe ufes ; for greater cattle, 
 with a horfe 5 for leffer, with a bog‘, for woods, 
 \\ ith a tree and for corn-ground, with an ear of 
 corn ; as that of Vemlam or St. Albans, which 
 is inferib’d VERY. But thofe with a Mans 
 ^ fro Tribute head, feem to have been coined f for Poll-money, _ 
 ‘Capiwionis. which was perfonal, or laid upon the Head of 
 every fingle perfon ; upon women, at twelve, 
 and upon men, at fourteen years of age. Which 
 Eunduka or Boadkia, Queen of the Britains, 
 complains of to her fubjects in thefe w'ords: Te 
 grax£ and ye plow for the Romans nay, ye pay an 
 annual tribute for your very bodies. I have thought, 
 that in old time there was a certain fort of mo- 
 mey coin’d on purpofe for this ufe feeing in 
 Scripture it is called exprefly the 'Tribute-money, 
 andHefyehiusinterpretsit, Kshti^j 
 ^ 7rl!t^9«^ec^», i. e. Cenfus, a certain piece oj money 
 paid for every head. And I am the more confirm d 
 in this opinion, becaufe in fome of them there 
 is the Mint-mafter ftamping the money, with 
 T ASCI A, which among the Britains fignifies 
 a Tribute-penny. Not but I grant, that after- 
 wards thefe came into common ufe. Nor can I 
 reconcile my felf to the judgment of thofe, who 
 would have the hog, the horfe, the ear, the fa- 
 nus, &c. to be the Arms of particular People, 
 or Princes ; fince we find by the foregoing 
 Coins, that one and the fame Prince and People 
 us’d feveral of thefe, as Cunobeline ftamp’d upon 
 his coins a hog, a horfe, an ear, and ocher 
 things. 
 
 But whether this Tribute-money was coined . 
 by the Romans, or the Provincials, or theirKings, 
 W'hen the whole world was tax’d by Auguflus ', 
 
 I cannot fay. One may guefs them to have been 
 ftamp’d by the Britifh Kings fince Britain, 
 from the time of Julius Ccefar to that of Clau- 
 dius, liv’d under its own Laws, and was left to 
 be govern’d by its own Kings ; and fince alfo 
 they have ftamp’d on them the effigies and titles 
 of Britifh Princes. For it was a receiv’d cu- 
 ftofh among the Romans, to have Kings as 
 their inftuments of flavery ,• who, as they were 
 in fome meafure the Allies of the Romans, by 
 degrees (as is ufual for the conquer’d) fell in- 
 to their cuftoms, and feem to have begun to 
 coin their money by the Roman methods and 
 Aveights ; and to ftamp their own names upon 
 it. But Ave find a contrary inftance in Judxa, 
 as gather’d from our Saviour’s Anfwer, That 
 they had Carfar’s Image and Superfeription, and 
 therefore w ere probably coin’d by the Romans. 
 Which Cardinal C. Baronius, a moft admirable 
 Ecclefiaftical Hiftorian, tells us in thefe words : 
 Jt was a cuflom among the Romans, that money 
 fhould be coin’d by the Emperors according to the tribute 
 or tax,^ and fhould not always keep the fame Standard y 
 but rife or fall inproportion to the increafe or decreafe 
 of tributes. Jt differed herein from common money, 
 that this had ahvays the fame value, but the tax or 
 trihute-tmney was alter’d aaording to the different 
 quality oj the tribute : Tlio’ fome learned men do 
 nor agree wdth Baronius in this point. 
 
 fCON JECTURES' 
 
 UPON THE 
 
 Britifi COINS, 
 
 Which are added 
 
 To thofe ofMt.CAMDEN. 
 QyMt.WALKER. 
 
 Tab. I. 
 
 T he Coins which follow, are partly out of 
 Speed’s Hiftory, partly from other friends* 
 
 Before we come to the particulars, I delxre to 
 premife in general, 
 
 I. That we find very little mention of the 
 Britains, or their affairs, till Julius Cafar y who 
 left a brief but material defeription of the 
 country and people, and of their manners and 
 cuftoms y particularly, concerning their craffick, 
 and the great inftrumeiit of it, money : w^hich, 
 he faith, was not Coin, but rings and pieces of 
 brafs and iron, deliver’d out by weight ; as it 
 was alfo in the beginning at Rome. So that 
 they had no mark upon their metals of ex- 
 change ; which feems fomew'hat odd, feeing the 
 invention is fo eafie, ready, and ufeful for hu- 
 man converfation. But efpecially, fince in 
 Abraham’s time, coined or (lamped money was 
 current amongft merchants, and called by a 
 particular name, fljekel, taken (it may be) from 
 the weight of it. And Jacob is faid to have 
 given or paid to Hemor, father of Sichem, for 
 part of a field, centum agnos y which is inter- 
 preted, not lambs, hxiX. pretio argenti y commonly ^^5 7, ifi. 
 explained, centum probatos numrnos, tried pieces. 
 
 This ignorance, I fay, is ftrangej except we 
 affirm tlie Tranfmigration of the Predecelfors of 
 the Britains, to have been before Abraham’s 
 time, from the Northern parts of Afia (not fo 
 well civilized as the Eaftern y) where Coin feems 
 to have been antiently, even before Abraham, 
 the current inftrument of traffick. Long before 
 Csefar’s time, Polybius tells us, that thefe Iftands 
 were frequented both by Greeks and Pbeenkians, 
 trading for tinn and other commodities. But it 
 feems thofe crafty people were careful to con- 
 ceal from thefe, generally accounted, heavy 
 Northern nations, the value and ufeftilnefs of 
 money. 
 
 II. The Coins I have feen of the Britains, for 
 the moft part are neither gold nor good filver, 
 but of mixed metals y and thofe compofitions 
 very different, and not as yet by any, that I 
 know, endeavoured to be difeover’d : peiiiaps, 
 becaufe tlie quantities of them are fo fmall, 
 and their value taken from the fairnefs of their 
 impreflion. Nor can Ave give any certain ac- 
 count of their weight, becaufe we have very 
 few of one ftamp, or perfed y and fome of 
 them alfo may be probably thought counter- 
 feited. 
 
 III. The Coins of the Britains are not un- 
 like thofe of the antient Gauls y as thofe of our 
 Saxons are not unlike thofe of the firft race 
 of the Kings of the Franks, who fettled in 
 France near the time' that the Saxons invaded 
 Britain : concerning which a farther account 
 fhall be given by and by. B\At in this, we find 
 the Saxons (as the Englifh after them,) to difter 
 
 p 
 
f 
 
 Vi 
 
 .r:] 
 
 ’T: 
 
 cxv 
 
 Britijh col NS. 
 
 cxvi 
 
 ) SI' 
 
 r 
 
 1 
 
 iTr 
 
 both from the Gauls and Franks, tliat they did 
 not fo often change the weight or value ot their 
 Coins, much lefs raifed and decryed the fame 
 piece, according to the pleafure or neceffities of 
 the Prince. An adtion, lawful indeed ; but, 
 without very great caution, detrimental *nd 
 prejudicial to the Subject. But in this, them- 
 lelves confefsthcEnglifhto undcriland their in- 
 tereil better than the French. 
 
 IV. I can hardly fatisfie my felf, W'hy we 
 have fo many Coins of Cunobeline, and fo few ot 
 other Princes more famous, at leaft in Roman 
 Itory; (for ofBritifh Hiftorians, we have none, 
 certainiv, more antient than and he on- 
 
 ly fpeaks of thofe near or of his own time.) 
 But we have nothing of Caratacm, Aiyhagxis, 
 &c. butconjedural. Some of thofe of Cunobe- 
 line, I know, are modern ; perhaps alfo Cuno, 
 lignifying (as Camden obferves) a Prince, may 
 be applied (dpecially fiiice many Coins have no 
 more than Cuno,) to divers Princes, as it is ad- 
 ded to the end of the names of feveral, men- 
 tioned in Gildas i perhaps alfo he reigned a long 
 time. But the bell reafon feems to be, either 
 becaufe he lived fome w'hile at Rome ; or that 
 London w^as then a famous city for trade ; and 
 therefore had both more money, and better 
 preferved. 
 
 1 9. The * nineteenth is in Mr. Speed, but the let- 
 * Mr. Cam- j-gj-s iu wrought and placed: he reads it 
 
 firft General of the Britains againitthe 
 Coins. Romans. His country feems to have been North 
 of the Thames, and to have comprehended 
 part of Hartford and Buckingham (hires. Yet he ^ 
 conquer’d the chief City ot Imanuentim, whom j 
 See Tab. II. he flew, and whofe fon Manduhratim fled to 
 
 know'll, that the Chriftian Religion w as brought 
 into Britain in the latter end ot Tiberius’s time. 
 He lived in great reputation in Domitian’s time, 
 whofe flatterers, upon fome prodigies appear- 
 ing, foretold to him fome great good fortune, 
 as that fliould be thrown down trom 
 
 his chariot. 
 
 'Fhe tv enty-ninth Dr. Plot, who hatli pub- 
 lifhed thefe three, thiiiks to be Prafutag^es and 
 Boadkia ; but I fee no refemblance of one or 
 more faces. I rather imagine it to be fome 
 fortification. 
 
 The one and thirtieth was put into my hands, 
 as belonging to York ; which in Antoninus and 
 antient Authors, is written Eburaciim. But I 
 take it to be a Gallick Coin, and to lignifie either 
 x\\c Eburo'ukes, or xaths'c Ebtirones, who W'ere in- 
 habitants of the country of Liege. The head 
 feems to be of a City, rather than, as Boutemte 
 thinks, ot Ambiorix, Cotivulcm, or fome other 
 of their Princes. 
 
 The three and thirtieth alfo was meant to 
 defign fome city or country, it may be of the 
 Aufeii (now Aufch in Gafeoine) or fome other, 
 unknown. It is to be noted, that after the 
 example of the Romans (who ff.amped the arm- 
 ed head of a young woman, probably Rome, a 
 •notable Virago, who gave name to the city, 
 w ith the word Aow/ 7 , on one fide of their Coin,) 
 other cities and countries placed alfo the head ; 
 yet not always helmeted, but commonly in the 
 drefs of the place w here coined. 
 
 33 « 
 
 Co, 4. 
 
 24. 
 
 27. 
 
 Vh, Bapng', 
 
 Cafar in France, and brought him hither. 
 
 The twentieth is of Cunobeline, fon of The- 
 omantius', nephew to Cajibelan ; by the Britifh 
 writers called Kymboline. The head feems to 
 be of a woman. On the Reverfe, a Splnnx, a 
 figure fo acceptable to Auguftus, that he en- 
 graved it upon his feal. Wherefore, it may be, 
 it was placed upon this Coin, to pleafe the Em- 
 peror, a more than ordinary friend to Cunobeline, 
 who was declared a friend to the Romans; and 
 who is faidtohave lived many years in Rome. 
 
 In the twenty-third, feems to be the head of 
 a City: The- infeription Vanit. feems to be the 
 fame with Vanoc. Co. 8. 
 
 The twenty-fourth feems not to be the head 
 of a perfon, but of a place, probably Camalo- 
 dunum, w'heii Chriftian. 
 
 The twenty-fifth, Arinsogius, is, both by Speed 
 and Arclibifliop Ujher, thought to be Aruiragm ; 
 of whom more Co. 27. Owomi / 1 underftand not. 
 
 The twenty-fixth is probably of Cartifman- 
 dua, of the Brigantes, w'hereof Caledonia 
 
 was one part. A woman infamous for betray- 
 ing the warlike Caradacus into the hands of the 
 Romans, and for abufing her valiant husband 
 Venutius. 
 
 The twenty-feventh, a crowned head, with 
 many ftrings of pearls about it, is thought to 
 be Arviragus. I wifh there were more than 
 bare conjedures for it. For I do not find that 
 Arviragus was a Chriftian, as this Coin declares, 
 there being a crofs and a ftring of pe.arls about 
 it ; an ordinary ornament of the Crofs, in the 
 firft peaceable times of the Church. Harding, I 
 think, is the only Author who affirms him a 
 Chriftian : but it is generally faid of him, erga 
 Religionem Omflianam bene affe^m, that he was 
 well afteded to the Chriftian Religion, and that 
 he gave to the firft preachers of Glajfenbury fo 
 many hides of land, as helped much to main- 
 tain them. And Gildas h\x\\, that it w’as well 
 
 Britijh Coins. T a b. If. 
 
 That the firft was of fome Bririfh Prince in i. 
 efteem for an holy man, I colled from the pearls 
 about his head, fet in the ancient form of a 
 glory : as alfo by the hand under the horfe, for 
 the reverfe. Many of thefe Britifli coins are 
 adorned w'ith pearls. I conceive the reafon to 
 be, the plenty of them in this country ; fo 
 great, that Julius Cafar is laid to have under- 
 taken his expedition for obtaining them, and 
 that at his return he dedicated a fliield covered 
 with Britifh Pearl, in the 'I'emple of Venus. 
 
 In fome coins of Conftantine the Great, and ot 
 ArcadiuSjEudoxia, and others, is an handfigni-'^’ ' 
 fying fome favourable adion of Providence to- 
 W'ards them : as, reaching to take Confiantine in- 
 to heaven, crowning Arcadim, dc. In this, it 
 may intimate the fuftaining of his Cavalry. 
 
 This is only conjedure; fince we know not the 
 perfon. 
 
 The fecond, as Mr. Thcrcsby -obferves, 2, 3. 
 feems to have been a Prince confiderably enga- 
 ged either iu making or repairing the great mi- 
 litary roads or high-w-‘ays,.as is intimated by the 
 Wheel below the horfe. This, and the third, 
 by their rugged and unhandfome looks, feem to 
 have been fome of the ancient Britifh Princes ; 
 but the letters being w orn out, w e are forbid to 
 guefs who tliey were. 
 
 'Theloo.rthisCajJi'vclaunus others name him 4. 
 Cajjtbelims or Velanus, as if iie were a Prince of 
 theCajfii, a people nor far from the Trinobantes; 
 part ot the dominion of his brother Imanuen- 
 tins, w'hom he flew, and alfo depofed his Ion 
 Manduhratim, who thereupon fled to Cziar, and 
 w'asreftored by him. to his juft dominipn. But 
 this adion c-iufcd Mandubratius to be looked up- 
 on as an enemy and traitor to his country, and 
 foliated, that he accompanied Csfar in all his 
 wars ; and left the Kingdom to his fon, or ne- 
 phew', Cunobeline. His Ion lived in Rome with 
 the favour of Auguftus and the Senate, who de- 
 clared 
 
cxvu 
 
 5 ' 
 
 6 . 
 
 7 - 
 
 8 . 
 
 Senn. 22. 
 dc Divcrf. 
 
 •f-The title ( 
 Safety. 
 Chrjf. Quoi 
 Cbrijius fit 
 Deus. 
 
 * Guide of 
 Sailors. 
 
 9 ‘ 
 
 10. 
 
 II. 
 
 Britijh COINS. 
 
 cxviii 
 
 placed here, as being born of a Briti/h Lady, 
 rile rererfe is a £)o^'e hovering over a Crofs, an 
 emblem not unufual in the firft times of Chrifti- 
 amtyj intimating that the Crofs is made 
 benehcial unto us by the Holy Spirit.^ Maf- 
 feim and Oforius teflihe, that the Chri- 
 ftians at their firft coming to Maliapor- (the 
 city of St. Thomas) found fuch a one there en- 
 graved in ftone, in his own time, as was verily 
 believed. The like is reported by in the 
 vault of St. John Lateran ; and by Chiffletim up- 
 on an Altar-ftone in Befan^on. 
 
 The twelfth of Cunobeline: the letters upon 12, 
 thereverfe begin the name of fome place j but 
 w hat, I know not. 
 
 The thirteenth, by the letters BR, feems to 13; 
 be the head of Britannia^ as there W'ere many 
 the like of Rome and other places : the reverfe 
 is alfo, according to many Roman Coins, aman 
 on horfe-back, as engaged in that exercife which 
 they called Decurfio. 
 
 I he fourteenth feems to be a Womans Head, 14. 
 with a Crow 11 ; the letters W'orn out. On the 
 reverfe, compared with the fixteenth, tw'^enty- 
 fourth, and thirty-fifth, there feems to be in- 
 feribed fome facred veifel or utenfil. 
 
 The fifteenth, feventeenth, and eighteenth, 15, i5, 
 having no inferiptions, are to us unintelligible. 17, 18/ 
 I'he lixteenth feans an ill-fhapen Galley with the 
 keel upwards. 
 
 The nineteenth feems to be the head of fome 157. 
 Town or Country : fome fay, th.at Julius Cse- 
 far, but it is more certain, that Claudimy 
 brought one or more Elephants into Britain a- 
 gainft their enemies. 
 
 The twentieth hath an Head covered with 20. 
 an aiitick fort of Helmet. The reverfe feems to 
 be an ill-fafliioned Gryphon. It is fomew'hat 
 ftrange, that thofe fond kinds of imagination 
 fhould have lafted fo long, and in thefe remote 
 parts of the world. 
 
 Concerning tlie twenty-firft, See Tab. 1. 21, 21. 
 
 c. 2p. Wliac it, or the twenty-fecond fignifiesj 
 I cannot imagin. 
 
 The twenty-third feems to be the figure of 23* 
 an ordinary Britifh foot-foldier, with a head- 
 piece and armour down to his thighs ; and a 
 club upon his fhoulder. 
 
 The twenty-fourth hath a Galley with a 24. 
 Crofs upon theftern, yet not at the handle of 
 the^ ftern, being upon the wrong fide of it. 
 
 (Vid. Coin 8.) The letters I underftand notj as 
 neither the reverfe. The tW'-enty-fifth alfo is jr 
 utterly unknown. 
 
 The twenty-fixth feems to be the head of 26. 
 fome of the Gothic kings of Spain j the like 
 being found in Auguftinusy and Monfieur 
 le Blanc. On the reverfe, is a kind of Dragon, 
 which is feen alfo upon the Greek and Gallick 
 Coins, as well as Britilli. Such a one as 
 this, is by Monfieur le Blanc deferibed for Pag- 58. 
 Childebert* s. 
 
 The twenty-feventh, twenty-eighth, and 27, aS^ 
 twenty-ninth, having Baink inferiptions, might 2p. 
 probably be made for fome of the kings of Cum- 
 berland, in which County are ftiil extant fome 
 Runic Monuments. 
 
 rile thirtieth hath an Head, which I would 30. 
 gladly believe to be ol Arojtragus ; becaufe on 
 the reverfe is an Ejfedarius or Covinarim, a 
 fighter upon a chariot, with his dart, or fuch 
 like weapon, in one hand, and his quiver of 
 arrow's at his back. A kind of fight, which 
 was ftrange to Julius Czfar, and forced him to 
 turn his back. 
 
 dared him a Friend of the Romansy as is plainly 
 intimated in that Speech of die generous Prince 
 CaraBacus. From thefe tranfadions ive may ob- 
 ferve, i. That the Romans, by this fubmiffion 
 and requeft of MandubrattPHy had a juft caufe of 
 War againft Caflibelinus, and confequently a- 
 gainftall theBritains, who chofe him their Ge- 
 neral. 2. That this conqueft was exceedingly 
 beneficial to the nation and country j w'hich, by 
 the Romans, acquired civility, if not humanity 
 alfo, and p)rudent government j good husbandry 
 too, and improvement of wealth and trade 
 both by fea and land ; and thefe prepared 
 them for receiving the Gofpel. 3. That the 
 Britains quickly apprehended thefe benefits and 
 advantages ; and therefore more readily embra- 
 ced, and more cheerfully, than moft other na- 
 tions, fubmitted to the laws and cuftoms of the 
 Romansi as appears by Tacitus in the life of 
 Agricoia. And though it may be, that the 
 doftrine of the Druids, defpiling the heathen 
 Gods, and .acknowledging only one God and 
 rew'ards and punifhments after death, might 
 contribute to their embracing the Gofpel ; yet I 
 think that the very great courage, high genero- ^ 
 fity, and excellent parts of the people, did more, 
 when they were once convinced , that 
 the Roman law'S and government were better 
 than their ow n. 
 
 Of the fifth, the letters are too imperfedt : 
 If the reverfe be not a pavilion, or feat of ftate, 
 
 I know not what it is. 
 
 The fixth feems to be a Vifory the letters now 
 not vifible : or it might be ill-made in imitation 
 of Commodus, who is ufuaJly fet forth with 
 his head wrapM in a Lion’s skin, feigning him- 
 felf to be Hercules. 
 
 The feventh is a Britifli, rough, uncomb’d 
 head j the letters are vanifhed. Thofe above 
 the Horfe on thei'everfe feem to be fet the a- 
 verfe w'ay, from the right to the left hand. 
 
 The eighth, as likewife the twenty-fourth and 
 thirty-fixth, feem to be a Ship or Galley with 
 oars. In Monf. Bouteroue, in Clothaire, An. 
 Ch. 5 1 1, the figure is better exprefled, than in 
 ours. It was coined by a Chriftian Prince or 
 City ; becaufe all of them are adorned with 
 crolles, either upon the ftern or yards. S. Au~ 
 gujiin faith : It is necejfary for m to be in the Jbip} 
 and to be carried in the vcood that can pafs through 
 the fea of this world. This W'ood is the Crofs of 
 our Lord. Paulinus feems to refer it to the 
 yards, Et rate ornata f titulo fnhttis. S. Chryf. 
 rather to the Jlern, Crux * navigantium gubernacu- 
 lum. The fame doth Ephr. Syrus. Upon di- 
 vers Coins of the Roman Emperors, is a flern 
 joyned to a globe , as if they fleer’d the whole 
 world. On the reverfe is Duro, w'hich I que- 
 ftion not w as Durobernia or Canterbury, now the 
 chief feat of the great Archbifhop and Primate 
 of the Nation. 
 
 The ninth is an Horfe, under the Sun and 
 Moon : whether it fignified (according to their 
 opinion) that beaft to be chiefly fubjeft to thofe 
 Planets or, that next the Sun and Moon, the 
 chiefeft benefit tliey reaped was from the Horfe, 
 Or what other imagination j I am ignorant. 
 
 The tenth is an Head, and I think, foreign, 
 not Britilh ; moft of thofe being without orna- 
 ment, but this hath a Crown or Garland. And 
 what it Dubno fhould be miftaken for Dummrix, 
 or fome other PriiKe unknown to us ? 
 
 The eleventh hath an Head with a Diadem of 
 two rows of Pearls ; perhaps for fome of the 
 Oriental Emperors, and, not unlikely, of 
 Conftantine the Great, both for the goodnefs 
 of the face, and his being one of the firft who 
 carried that fort of Diadem. He may well be 
 
 Territa ^uafitis ofiendit terga Britannis. 
 
 Great Cafar flies the Britains he had fought. 
 
 S(^ 
 
cxix 
 
 Roman COINS, 
 
 cxx 
 
 So terrible was it to the Romans, that his flat- 
 terers npon fomc imagiiiM prodigy, took it to 
 be an omen of the overthrow of Arviragus, & 
 very couragious and warlike Prince. De temone 
 Britamo excidi't Arviragus. 
 
 31. The thirty-firfl is, in the learned Monneur 
 Boutemies judgment (from whom it is copied) 
 fuppofed to be king the firlf Chriilian 
 
 king of Britain. The truth of whofe ftory is 
 largely difeourfed by Archbifhop Vfher in his 
 Primrd. Ecckf. Britan. x\'liere he feems to fay, 
 that it is confirmed by all Hiftorians, that king 
 Lucim, king in Britain, was the firfl: Chriftian 
 king inthe^volid. (Which alfo feems ftrongly 
 Tag. 4*5 by what he faith, Thar the Scots be- 
 
 yond the wall, did under ViHor I. (immediate 
 fucceflor to Eiiarifipn, under whom Ludm was 
 converted) receive alfo the Chriftian Faith :) But 
 tliat there is fome difterence about the time 
 when king LucimMYedi and greater about what 
 part of B;*itain he reigned in j as likewife, con- 
 cerning his religning the kingdom, and going 
 to preach the Gofpel in Ba’uaria, and being 
 martyr'd near Coire, in the Grifons Country, 
 tlien called Rhatia. 
 
 5 2. The thirty-fecond alfo is out of Monfteur 
 Bouteroue, who rationally thinks it to be' the 
 head of Boudkia, wife to Prafutagus king of 
 Norfolk and Suffolk, &c. a woman of prodigi- 
 ous wit and courage. Gildas calls her Leanam 
 dolofam iihe crafty or deceitful Lionnefs. She flew 
 80000 of the Romans, and deftroy'd their chief 
 City and Colonjb Ca 7 nulodunum', and Verulamium 
 alfo, and fome fay London. She flew the ninth 
 Legion j but being overcome by Pauiinus, fhe 
 cither died of grief, as fome fay j or by poifon, 
 as others. 
 
 53. The thirty-third is eafily intelligible. 
 
 34. The thirty-fourth is explained in the de- 
 feription of Weftraorland. “ It was, faith 
 “ Mr. Thoresby, part of the Cabinet of the 
 “ old Lord Fairfax (the General j) of whofe 
 “ Executors it was purchafed, with the reft of 
 “ his Medals, by Mr. 'John ithoresby of Leeds, 
 “ in whofe Mufzum it now remains, and is 
 “ the principal glory of it. For tho' there be 
 ‘‘ fome Runick inferiptions yet remaining up- 
 
 on Rocks, and fome very antique Monu- 
 ments, this is the only piece of money (whe- 
 “ ther ever deftgned to be current, or preferred 
 “ as an Amulet, I pretend not to determin) 
 
 “ with an intelligible Runick infeription, in 
 any Collection in Europe.” 
 
 The reverfe of the thirty-fifth feems to be a 35. 
 T’ahernadey or fome fuch holy veffel, ftanding 
 upon a foot, and having a Crofs upon the top. 
 
 I underftand it not j nor any of the reft, be- 
 ing all ancient Runic characters ; nor doth it 
 appear whether they belong to this Country, 
 or to Spain. The Runic Characters anciently 
 were the writing of the Vifi, or JVeftem Goths, 
 who lived in Denmark, Norway, Jutland, dTc. 
 
 For the Oflro, or Eaftern Goths of Sweden, 
 and thofe Countries, fwarmed, and conquered, 
 Eaftward, in and towards Afia : who, though 
 they feem to have had the fame language with 
 the Vijigoths, yet Jiad a different character j 
 w'hich was framed as it feems from the Greek, 
 fome fay by Vlphilas their Biftiop, near or upon 
 the Black-lea. It is ftill preferred in the copy 
 of the Gofpeis tranflated into that language by 
 him I and is for the moft part extant in tliat 
 they call the Codex Argenteus, being v'holly writ- 
 ten in filver letters, and preferv’d with great 
 and deferved veneration in Sw'eden : but tran- 
 feribed, and printed, by the very worthy and 
 learned perfon Mr. Franc. Junmi, the younger. 
 
 But the Vyigoths feem to be thofe who came 
 Weftward ; who conquer'd part of Italy, and of 
 France ; and all Spain, and part of A/rick j 
 where they reigned in great fplendor many 
 years, till the invafion of the Moors. They 
 alfo acquired the Northern Parts of Britain, 
 keeping (as it feemeth) their ancient Runic 
 Charafters. And though I have feen moft of 
 the ancient Runic Coins, either in Ant. Augufii- 
 nus, Paruta, or Laflannoz.as book de lot monedas 
 defconocidasi yet I have only fet down thofe 
 which are new to me, and which being fent by 
 that very courteous, intelligent, and diligent 
 Antiquary, Mr. Ralph ‘Thoresby of Leeds in 
 Yorklbire, I conceive rather belong to thofe of 
 Northumberland, Cumberhuid, &c.~\ 
 
 conjectures upon the 
 
 Roman COIN S. 
 
 H E firft of the Romans after 
 Julius Cafar, that refolv'd to 
 fubdue Britain in earneft, was 
 Claudim J who fhipping over 
 his army, reduc'd the fouth- 
 part into the form of a Pro- 
 vince. And about that time, 
 this firft piece ol money, with an abbreviated 
 Infeription, feems to have been coin'd: TI. 
 CLAVD. C.ES. AVG. P. M. TR. P. VIIII. 
 
 IMP. XVI. i. e. Tiberius Claudius Cafar Au- 
 giijlm, Pomijex Maximus, Tribunitia poteftate p. 
 Imperator s 6 . To explain thefe titles once for all. 
 After Jiiliy^ Cafar, who laid the foundation of 
 the Roman Monarchy ; all his fucccflbrs in ho- 
 nour of him aflumed the titles of Cafar or Au~ 
 gufltis (as il tliey were above the pitch of hu- 
 mane nature; for things that are fijcrcd we call 
 
 Aiigufi ;) and alfo that of Pontifices Maximi or 
 High-Priefts, becaufe they were confecrated to 
 all the kinds of Priefilmd, and had the Over- 
 fight of all Religious Rites. They ufurp'd 
 likew'ife the Tribunitian povser (but would not by 
 any means be call’d Tribunes,') that they might be 
 facred and inviolable. For, in vertue of this 
 authority, if any one gave them rude language, 
 or offer'd violence to their perfons, he was to be 
 put to death without hearing, as facrilegious. 
 They renew’d this Tribunitian power every year, 
 and by it computed the years of their reign. 
 At laft, they were call'd Emperors, becaufe 
 their Empire was large and Ample ; and under 
 that name was couch'd the power both oi Kings 
 and DiHators. And they were ftil’d Emperors as 
 oft as they did any thing very great andho- 
 noijrable , either in perfon , or by their 
 Generals. 
 
XCVIII 
 
 ^^CoiT^ 
 
 :am4Lodoh 
 
 AVO 
 
 
 
 %%fr 
 
 
 
 
 gCT-BKl 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ONiS-A, 
 
CXXl 
 
 Roman COINS. 
 
 cxxii 
 
 aperiai, 
 * iucat. 
 
 5 . e. 
 
 Generals (a). But, fince in the reverfe of this 
 coin there is a triumphal arch, with a man^ on 
 horfe-back between two trophies, and the title 
 DE BRITAN ; I Ihould imagin, that in the 
 Oth year of Claudius (for fo I reckon, according 
 to his i’rihmitian Power) there were two VtUo~ 
 ties over the Britains. 
 
 In the fecond Coin (which alfo is one ,ot Clm- 
 d!m Augujius;) from this Infcription Tl. 
 CLAVD. CAES. AVG. GER. TR. P. XII. 
 IMP. XIIX. Ave learn, that in the twelfth year 
 of his reign, after he had been fuccefsful in 
 Britain, he was fainted Emperor the eighteenth 
 time ; and the Ploughman with a Covj and a Bull, 
 inform us that at the fame time a Colony was 
 placed in Camalodunuin. T’he Romans (fays Ser- 
 vius) being about to build a City, and clad after the 
 Gabine fapion, (i. e. 'with ^art of the goxm covering 
 the head, and the other part tuck d up,) yok d on the 
 right hand a Bull, with a Cow on the inner-fide, and 
 in tlmt habit held the aooked plough-tail fo tw to 7 nake 
 all the earth fall inwards. By drawing a furrow, 
 they mark’d out the track of the walls, lifting up the 
 plough where the gates were to be. 
 
 rXo this (fays Mr. Walker) I have added 
 another ; a Britain naked, fighting with a man, 
 armed with fword and buckler j out of the 
 judgment of divers learned men, though I have 
 not feen any with fuch infcription-l 
 
 The ton of Claudius (whofe the third Coin 
 is, with Greek charafters) was by a Decree of 
 the Senate honour^ with the firname of BRI- 
 TANNIC VS, as peculiar to himfelfi upon the 
 account of his Father’s fuccefs. He it was, tor 
 whom Seneca pray’d, T%at he might auiet Ger- 
 many, I make an inroad into Britain, and maintain 
 his father s triumphs, with new ones of his own. But 
 what then muft be the meaning of that half Ihip 
 V'ith an Infcription to this fenfe, The Metropolis 
 of King Etiminiw? Who this Eiiminim fhould 
 be, does not appear to me ; unlefs we imagin 
 him to be that Adiminius, Cunobelin’s fon, who 
 (as Suetonius fays) took proteftion under C. 
 Caligula. 
 
 \ In this Coin (faith Mr. Walker) is exprefled the 
 manner how the Romans fettled the Countries 
 they conquered : which was by planting ftrong 
 Colonies of Romans inplaces convenient ; where- 
 by they both kept the conquered in peace, and 
 entred into converfation and buiinefs with them, 
 introducing frugality, husbandry, trading, &c. \ 
 
 The fourth Coin, is Hadrian’s, with this 
 Infcription, HADRIAN VS AVG. CON- 
 SVL III. PATER PATRIAE j and on the re- 
 verfe EXERCITUS BRITANNICVS (cheBri- 
 tifh army) reprefented by three foldiers : I lliould 
 imagin it to point out the three Legions, 
 which fervid in Britain in the year of Chrift 
 120 (for then he was third time Conful,) name- 
 ly, the Secunda Augufla, the Sexta ViBrix, and 
 the Vicejima ViBrix. 
 
 The fifth and fixth (both of Antoninus Pim) 
 with this Infcription, ANTONIN VS AVG. 
 PIVS. P. P. TR. P. COS. III. and on • the 
 reverfe of the one, Britain fitting on the rocks, 
 with a ftandard, a Ipear, and a fhield i on the 
 
 reverfe of the other, the fame Britain litting up- 
 on a globe. Thefe feem to have been ftamp’d 
 by the Britifh Province, in honour of Antoninus 
 Pim, at his coming to the Empire in the year 
 of Chrifb 140. That military habit of the Pro- 
 vince of Britain, fignifies, that at tliat time it 
 flourifhed in military difcipline. So the money 
 coined by Italy, in honour of that Emperor, and 
 upon the fame occafion, has fucli a figure fitting 
 upon a globe, with a Cornucopia, to fignifie 
 plenty of all things : that coined by Sicily, has 
 the figure, w ith ears of corn, to denote fruit- 
 fulneis : and that by Miuritania, has a perfon 
 holding two fpears, with an horfe, to imply 
 the peculiar glory of that Province in Cavalry. 
 
 And to this head alfo is to be referr’d the 
 ninth, which is the fame Antoninus’s, but not p. 
 in its proper place. 
 
 The feventh (which is Cojnmodtis’s) only Ihows 7 * 
 that upon account of a vidtory over tlie Britains, 
 he took the name ol Britannicus : for on the re- 
 verfe, we fee T/iBory with the branch of a Palm- 
 tree, holding a fhield, and leaning upon the 
 fhieids of the conquer’d Britains, with this In- 
 fcription, VICTORIA BRITANNICA. 
 
 [But tho’ Commodus (faith Mr. Walker) was 
 by his flatterers called Britannkm ; yet the Bri- 
 tains either endeavoured to chufe, or aftually 
 chofe, another Emperor.] lamprii. 
 
 The eighth (which is Caracalla’s, but is not put 
 in the proper place) plainly flieu s, by the Nu- 
 merals, that he conquer’d the Enemy in Bri- 
 tain in the year of our Lord 214; and this alfo 
 appears by the Trophy, which Virgil in thefe 
 verfes has deferib’d more lively, chan the beft 
 Engraver can poffibly do, 
 
 ingentem quercum deeijis nndique ramis 
 Confiituit tumulo, fulgentiaque induit arma 
 Mez^enti duds exuvias, tihi 7 nagne tropheum 
 Bellipotens : aptat roranteis fanguine crijlas, 
 
 Telaque trunca viri. 
 
 And firft he lopp’d an Oak’s great branches 
 round, 
 
 The trunk he faflen’d in a rifing ground: 
 
 And here he fix’d the fhining Armour bn, 
 
 The mighty fpoil from proud Mez^entius won. 
 
 The Creft was plac’d above chat drop’d with 
 blood, 
 
 A grateful trophy to the warlike God j 
 
 And fhatter’d fpears fluck round. — 
 
 The fame Judgment is to be made on the 12. 
 twelfth, VN'hich is the fame CaracaUas. 
 
 In thofe of Seuerus and Geta, there is no dif- lo, 
 ficulty. 
 
 Who this JElian was, docs not appear. Some 13. 
 reckon him to be that A. Pomponius f^lianus a- 
 mong the thirty Tyrants. Others make him 
 CL Mlianm among the fix I'yrartts under Dio- 
 defian. And fome there are, who think this 
 was the very Tyrant in Britain under Probiis 
 theEmperor, whom Zofimusmenrions in general 
 without telling us his name; and of whom we 
 have fpoken before. [1 find (faith Mr. Walker) 
 q Qiie 
 
 (a) Imperator, at firft CfaithMr. Wallwr) was an api>ellationof£r<?H£»ar givenbytbefoldiers totlieifComniander 
 who had obtained a great viftory over the enemy; but afterwards it was a tide given to the duel- General ot tjieit' 
 armies, as all the Emperors were. The Tribunes alfo oj thi people were accounted lacred perfons, and therefore might 
 fafelyaccufeaBy man to the people. They were always of Plebeian families ; but the Emperors being ^nupces 
 Maximi were Patrician. And therefore that their power might be uncontroulable, not being capable of the 1 rtbune- 
 fhip, they obtained to have Tribunhiam potefiatem, i. e. all the power of a Tribune ; winch was conferred up- 
 on them every year, orasoftenas theydefiredit. Sometimes they refufed it, and fometimes they conlerr d it on 
 one of their Confidents and fometimes for five years. So that it U not true, which moft af_ the Medal IVnters, and 
 Camden amongft them, fay, that the number of the Tribumiia ^eteftas was the number of their reigns. See the book- 
 of Coins and Medals, in Auguflas. 
 
cxxiii Raman C 
 
 one JElianm chofen Emperor by the Army of 
 Lollianus, after they had flain him at Mentz.] 
 But at what time foever he liv’d. I am of opi- 
 nion that he was called Auguftus in Britain, be- 
 caufe his Coins are found only in our Illaiid 
 with this Infcription, IMPERATOR CL. 
 ^LIANVS PIVS FOELIX AVGVSTVS. 
 On the reverfe, VICTORIA AVGVSTI, 
 which implies that he fubdu’d the Barbarians 
 fome where. 
 
 j , The Coin of Carauftus, with this Infcription, 
 IMPERATOR CAiVS CARAVSIVS PIVS 
 FOELIX AVGVSTVS, and on the reverfe, 
 PAX AVGVSTI, feems to have been fiamp’d 
 after he had clear’d the Bririfh Sea of the 
 Pirates. [He was (Taith Mr. Walker) a man of 
 very mean birth ; but by his parts, courage and 
 induflry, together with the money he had got 
 from the Pirates ('neverreftoring what he took, 
 either to the Emperor, or theperfons robbed) he 
 advanced himfelf to that high degree. He was 
 of Menapia, but (as it feems) not that in GaUia, 
 but ill Ireliind?\ 
 
 15, When* Alkclm (who made away Caraufius) 
 had ufurp’d the Government, and behaved him- 
 fclf hourly againll; the Barbarians j he ftamp’d 
 this Coin, with the Infcription, VIRTVS 
 AUGVSTI. By , the Letters L. fome 
 would have meant, Quartarim coyn’d at London s 
 others, a Quafior or Treafurer of London. 
 
 Kittv ConfiantimChloYus had ended his days at 
 York, and was foiemiily deified, this was coyn’d 
 in honour to his memory as appears by the In- 
 f Rather, the feription, and the j Temple between two Ea- 
 Jltar. gies. The letters underneath, P. LON. fliew 
 that the money was fiamp’d at London. 
 
 ly. His wife. Flaw a Helena, a Lady of Britifii 
 birth (as our Hifiories tell us, and the excellent 
 Hiftoriaii Baronins confirms,) after her fon Con- 
 * Fudrjfit, flantine the Great had * routed the Tyrant 
 Maxentius, and (having fecur’d the Common- 
 wealth,) receiv’d the titles, Fundator quietis. 
 Founder of pern^', and Liberator orbis, Deliverer of 
 the world ; file alfo had this money coyn’d in ho- 
 nour of her axFriers, as appears b^ the Letters 
 S. I'R. i. e. Signata Freviris, ftamp d at Triers. 
 fAnd in the Mufieum of Mr. Thoresby, there is 
 a very fair one of her’s, minted in her Native 
 Country, at London.] 
 
 18. FI. Conjlantinus Maximus Auguflus, the great 
 ornament of Britain, coin’d this at Conftantinople 
 . (as appears by the letters underneath, CONSA.) 
 
 with the Infcription of GLORIA EXERCI- 
 TVS, to ingratiate himfelf with the army i 
 for in that age they, and not the Emperor, had 
 the difpofal of the Empire. 
 
 Roman Coins. T a e. II. 
 
 19. Coufiantinus funior, fon of Conftantine the 
 Great (to W'hofe fliare Britain fell, among o- 
 thcr Countries) fiamp’d this Coin wliile his fa- 
 ther was living. For he is only ftil’d Nohilis 
 * Defignafs Cufar, a name that w^as given to the * Heirs 
 Impm fuc- apparent of the Empire. We may gather, from 
 
 Building, and PROVIDENTIAL CAES. 
 
 that he and his brother built fome publick 
 work; and from P. LON. that it was coyn’d 
 at London. 
 
 10. I his Coin, inferib’d Do?ninm nofier Magnen- 
 tins Pim Falix Auguflus, feems to have been 
 fiamp d by Nlagnentha (w hofe father was a 
 Britain,) aiid to have been defign’d to ingratiate 
 himfelf with Conjiantius, after he had conquer’d 
 ^me publick Enemy. For the Charaders DD. 
 NN. AVGG. i. e. Domini nofiri AuguJH^ ^nti- 
 
 0 I N S. cxxiv 
 
 mate tliat there were then two Augujii, or Em- 
 perors. 'File words yOTIS V. MVLTIS X. 
 lignify that the people then f folemnly pray’d* rm 
 That the Rmpertrr might fiourifj) five years, andP'*^**- 
 multiplying - that number, with unanimous ac- 
 clamations wifii’d him many ten years. And 
 this is further made out by that palfage in Na~ 
 sLari the Panegyrift, Tfbe Quinquennial feafis of 
 the blejfed and happy Cafars pojfejs all hearts with 
 abundance of joy ; but in the appointed revolutions of 
 Ten ye.trs, our eager vows and fwift hopes are at a 
 fiand. The letters P. AR. fhew this Denarim 
 to have been ftamp’d at Arles. 
 
 Conjiantius, after he had * defeated Magnen- 
 tim, and recovered Britain, had this coined in 
 honour of the army. The R. in the bafis, pof- 
 fibly fiiews that it came out of the mint at 
 Rome. 
 
 This Coin (fiamp’d at as appears by 22. 
 
 the fmall letters underneath) was made in ho- 
 nour of Valentinian, after he had rais’d Britain 
 from a finking ftate, and call’d that parr which 
 he had recover’d, from his own name, Va- 
 lentia. 
 
 To this Coin of Gratians I have nothing to 23. 
 fay, but what I juft now obferv’d upon that of 
 Magnentius. 
 
 When Magnm Maximm was created Emperor 24. 
 by the aimy in Britain, as alfo his fon Flavim 25^. 
 ViBor, this money was coin’d in compliment 2d* 
 and lionour to the foldiers : and T’heodofim, after 
 he had difpatch’d thofe two out of the w'ay, 
 ftamp’d that other with the Infcription VIR- 
 'i'VTE EXERCITVS, upon the very fame 
 account. 
 
 In that golden Coin of Homrius, there is no- 
 thing obfervablc, but that from AVGGG. w’e 
 may infer that there were then three Augujii, 
 or Emperors ; which was after the year 420, 
 when Homrim was Emperor in the Weft, Theo- 
 dofim funioY in the Eaft, and Confiantim (who had 
 conc[uer’d our Conjiantine, him who was eledted 
 here upon account of his name,) was made Em- 
 peror by Homrius. As for that CONOB, it 
 fliews it to be t pure gold, ftamp’d at Conftan- j. 
 tinople. 
 
 For, as far as my obfervation has carry ’d me, 
 
 CONOB. is never upon any Coins, but golden 
 ones. 
 
 I could add a great many more Roman Coins 
 (for there are prodigious quantities found here, 
 in the ruins of old demolifhed cities, * in the* 
 treafure-coft’ers or vaults which were hidden in 
 that age, and in funeral urns ;) And I was very auri%uk 
 much furprifed how fuch great abundance pro/efai. 0. 
 fhould remain to this day, till I read that the *2, n- C. Tk 
 melting down of ancient money was prohibited * 
 by the Imperial Conftitutions. prapoj. 
 
 Having reprefented thofe ancient Coins (Bri- 
 tilh and Roman) f in their proper forms ; it f 
 may be for the Reader’s Benefit, if we infert 
 here a Chorographical Table of Britain (as it 
 as a Roman Province,) together with tlie an- 
 cient names. Not that I promife to make it 
 compleat; for who can pretend to that ? But 
 fuch a one, as, if you learn nothing elfe from it, 
 will at leaft teach you. That there are continual, 
 changes and alterations in this world; new 
 foundations of cities laid, new names of nations 
 rais’d, and tlie old ones bury’d. So that (as the 
 Poet faj's,) 
 
 Non indignemur monalia corpora folvi, 
 
 Cernimus exemplis oppida pojfe mori. 
 
 Vain mortals, ne’er repine at heaven’s decree, 
 
 When fad examples fhew that towns them- 
 felves c.in die. 
 
 CON- 
 
xcvnr 
 
 JP1L©K 
 
 ’ /WVOTI^ 
 
 M ^ 
 
 mW/LTlS]\ 
 
 AliJTI' 
 
 
 
 '^^ if^/ ianlil/um- pa^mce vacare/:, Pj^m, cj'i adi^er^e, 
 
 ^ru£^iti^r7zo £ouieravio*.ilj:?/iaiet^um. num-nuj- xA? 
 
 A. 
 
 A . A ./\ . /\ . /\./\ . A .tA? . 
 
 JK 
 
 K . M . H. 
 
 
 3. 
 
 B . B . 
 
 0 . 
 
 a. 0 . 
 
 
 c . 
 
 t . ic.oc.i; .“O.F . 
 
 P. 
 
 B . r. n . 
 
 
 ® . 
 
 t.4. A . B.S .V. . 
 
 ,Ti. 
 
 R.ai.P. R.— 
 
 ^.iW. 
 
 c ■ 
 f. 
 
 i.e.Q.a.B. 
 R Kr.’R. r. 
 
 r. 
 
 H . i.B . C.c^ 
 
 .■z.Z.t.'i,/ 
 
 &■ 
 
 p.ffv.q.r.r.<3.<.<^.f 
 
 .r. 
 
 t.1. r. 
 
 
 H- 
 
 A;. N .1l . 
 
 11 . 
 
 n . Y. L|.w, 
 
 
 I . 
 
 I. 
 
 VM- 
 
 r. p . 
 
 
 X- 
 
 V. 
 
 J ■ 
 
 fi . 
 
 
 £■ 
 
 f-.y\A\X. 
 
 j'h. 
 
 P.p.Q. 
 
 
 A- 
 
 cD.H.m.np. 
 
 w- 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 A. 
 
 c^.^. 
 
 
cxxv 
 
 cxxvi 
 
 Roman 
 
 fcONJECTURES 
 
 UPON THE 
 
 Roman CO INS, 
 
 Which are added 
 
 To thofe of Mr. CAMDEN. 
 
 By Mr. WALKER. 
 
 Tab. II, continued. 
 
 T H E twenty-eighth is added, becaufe,tho’ 
 thofe conttin nothing upon them exprefly 
 concerning Britiiin, yet JuIuk Crfar was the 
 firft that difeovered the luatiou, and made fome 
 fmali progrcfs in reducing it. No mention of 
 this is on his Coins, becaufe then he was not 
 fupream, but afled as a General commiflioned 
 by the Senate; and the power of putting his 
 Image upon Coins was not given him till after- 
 wards, and till he had obtained the fupream ■ 
 power. The reverfe of this is, Augujiiisi be- 
 c.aufe under him the Britains lived in peace and 
 liberty; probably fecured by Cumklinus, who 
 {as w^e faid before} lived at Rome in his 
 time. 
 
 ap. The twenty-ninth is of Vejfafian, who con- 
 tributed more than any other to the conqueft of 
 Britain ; and by his valour and fuccefs here, 
 obtained that glory, which brought with it the 
 Empire. 
 
 30. The thirtieth is of Decimm Clodius Albinus, a 
 great Gourmond, but a good Jufticer, and a 
 valiant .and expert foldier. He was a noble Ro- 
 man, but born at Adrumetum. Commodus 
 would have made him C^ar, I fuppofe becaufe 
 he was accounted of a gladiatorian humor alfo ; 
 but he refufed it, yet accepted it from Severn. 
 When Sevems went againft Pefamnim Niger, to 
 keep him quiet in Britain, where he comman- 
 ded the Legions, he named him Cxjar, and So- 
 fhimm ; and a little after, made him partaker 
 or companion in the Empire. But Pefeemius 
 being overcome, he went ftreight evgedx&Albims ; 
 who hearing of it, met him with his Britiih 
 
 COINS. 
 
 Legions in arms; where divers Tore battles 
 were iought V'ith various fuccefs. Till, at 
 I^ons, Albinns, by tlie treachery of fome of 'his 
 Umcers, was vanquilh’d, and forely w^ounded, 
 and bafely and_ un\^-ortliily ufed by Sevems ; 
 who cut off his head, fending it to Rome, 
 where it was fet upon thepublick Gallows, and 
 his body left in the Pratorium till it flunk, and 
 ^•as torn by dogs. It appears by divers of his 
 Corns, that lie was alfo AuguRnsy but not loiiff 
 before his death. ° 
 
 _ The thirty-firfl is of M. Aurelius Marius, and = i 
 IS placed here, becaufe fome fay that he was 
 born in Britain : at firfl he was a fmith, but, be- 
 ing afterwards a foldier, and of prodigious 
 ftre^h and valour, he got himfelf to be 
 chofen Emperor, upon Po(ihumus\ death, 
 borne fay, that he reig'iied but three days ; 
 but by his many Coins, it appears that 
 he reigned longer, both in Britain and Gaul 
 1 he foldier who killed him, upbraided him, 
 that It was with a fword which himfelf had 
 made. 
 
 The thirty-fecond. I had here placed .Soko- 3.. 
 jus, a Britain, fon of a Rhetorician, avery v.a- 
 Uant warlike man, and tile greateft drinker of 
 his age. He commanded Rhastia (the Grifons 
 country) and the confines of the Roman Em- 
 pire towards the Germans ; and having loft the 
 fleet upon the Rhine which was left in his 
 charge, for fear of punifliment he rebelled, and 
 declared himfclf.^»^ay^M. Probus, after a great 
 battle, took and hanged the Ufurper. In his 
 Head therefore I have taken the Coin of JEmili- 
 ams, being very rare ; becaufe I could not find, 
 eitlrer in metal or writing, any one of Bomfus. 
 
 The thirty-third, being a rare Coin of Del- 33. 
 matius, I have deferibed (though not fo nearly 
 related to Britain, being fon to the brother of 
 Co^mttinethe Great,) chiefly, to fill up a void 
 place. 
 
 As alfo (becaufe Roman Coins are fo well 
 known, and there are very few more than what 
 are here deferibed, which concern Britain ;) for 
 the better underftanding of exotick Coins, as 
 of the Franks, Britijh, and Saxon, I thought it 
 not amifs to fill up the remaining fpace, with 
 an Alphabet of fuch letters as are ufually found 
 upon them. Some I omitted, becaufe I did not 
 know them. The firft Alphabet is of the 
 Runic ; which alfo hath fome part in moft of 
 the reft.l 
 
CXXVIU 
 
 CXXYll 
 
 tj 
 
 
 THE 
 
 DESTRUCTION 
 
 O F 
 
 BRITAIN- 
 
 GUdiu. 
 Saxons 
 called into 
 Britain! 
 
 H E Romans having now i 
 withdrawn their Forces 
 and abandon’d Britain, 
 the whole frame of affairs 
 tell into great diforder 
 and mifery ; Barbarians 
 invading it on one hand, 
 ;md theinhabitants breaS:- 
 ing out into faftionS on 
 the other ; whilfl each one was ufurping the 
 Government to himfclf.T?jej' lived (fays Ninius) 
 about forty years together, in great confiemiition. Fw 
 Vortigern their King teas apprehenfive oj the Piets 
 and Scots, and of fome attacks from. the Romans who 
 m rerHained here. He was alfo fearful of Ambro- 
 tius Aurelius or Aurelianus i for befurvtv d that 
 defperate engagement, wherein his parents, the then 
 Governours, were cut off. Upon this, Hortt^n 
 fent for the Saxons out of Germany to his aiiii- 
 tance i who inflead of auxiliaries, became the 
 moft cruel enemies, and after the various Events 
 of a long war, at length difpoffefs d the poor 
 Britains of themoft fruitful parts of thelfland, 
 their ancient inheritance. _ 
 
 But this Avoful deitruaion of Britain, lhall 
 be reprefented (or rather deplor’d) in the melan- 
 choly words ot GildM the Britain, who liv d a 
 little after, and who is all in tears at the 
 
 * This thoughts of it. * T'he Romans being remrnd 
 
 is in fome home, there creep in great crowds out of the little nar- 
 MS. Copies ro-’jj holes of their | Carroghes or Carts {in which they 
 in France brought over the Scitick vale, about the middle 
 
 call’d ^eru. afcorching hotfeufon,) a duskijhfwarm 
 
 itfromthc fa-o/ 't’erffz/He, a hideous crew of ^cots^ andff^s,Jomc- 
 mous Sarnab.iijhat different in cuftoms, but alike thirfiing ajter 
 Brijonm. blood. Who finding that their old confederates, the 
 f Caracw. p^onuiiis, were march’d home, andrefus d to return 
 Scitn va e. greater boldnefs than ever, and pofjeffed them- 
 
 felves of all the Nortb,and the remote parts of theKing- 
 dorn to the very Wall , cw if they had been the true 
 Proprietors. To withfiaiid this invafion, the towers 
 along the wall are defended by a laz.y garrifon, un- 
 difciplind, and too cowardly to engage an enemy ; 
 being enfeebled with continual (loth and idlenefs. In 
 the mean while, the naked enemy^ advance with their 
 hooked weapons, by which the mijtrable Britains, ffeing 
 pull’d down from the tops of the wad, aredafi/d a- 
 gainU the ground. Tet they who were dejhoyed after 
 that manner, had this advantage in an untimely death, 
 that they efcap’d thofe miferable tortures which imme- 
 diately befell their brethren and children. To be fhort, 
 having quitted their Cities and the high Wall, they 
 betake themfelves to flight, in a more defperate and 
 
 bopelefs difperfmi than ever. Still the enemy give 
 them chafe, ftill more cruel punifhments are prepa- 
 red', (M Lambs by the bloody butcher, fo were theje 
 poor creamres cut to pieces by their enemies. So that, 
 while they flay’d there, they might juflly be compared 
 to herds of wild beafls. For thefe miferable people 
 did not flick at robbing one another for prefent fifle- 
 nance ■, and fo, dojneflick diffentions enhanc’d the mifery 
 of their fufferings from abroad, and brought things to 
 thatpafs, byfpoil and robbery, that the very fupport 
 of life was wanting in the country, and no comf ort of 
 that kind was to be had, but by recourfe to hunting. 
 Again, therefore, the remaining Britains fend a la- 
 mentable petition to iEtius (a perfon of great autho- 
 rity in the Roman State) as follows : 
 
 To Mtius, thrice Conful, 
 The Groans of the Britains. 
 
 This is in 
 fome Copies 
 jlgitim ; in 
 others E<jui‘ 
 tins Of. with- 
 out the nu* 
 
 The Barbarians drive US to the Sea, the Sea a-merals. 
 gain to the Barbarians ; thus, between two 
 deaths, we perifh, either by Sword, or by 
 Water. 
 
 Notwithflanding, they obtain no remedy for thefe 
 evils. In the mean time, a terrible famine grows a- 
 mong the faint and firowling Britains j who, reduc U 
 to Juch flraits by thffe intolerable fufferings, furrender 
 themfelves to the enemy, that they may have food to 
 recruit their fpirits. However, fome would not com- 
 ply, but chofe rather to infefl them from their moun- 
 tains, caves, and thickets, with continual fallies. 
 
 From that time forth, for many years, they made 
 
 great /laughter of the enemy as oft as they went to 
 
 forage 3 not relying on their own flrength, but triifi- 
 
 inginGod, according to that of Philo, The help of 
 
 God is certainly at hand, when man’s help iail- 
 
 eth. The boldnefs of our enemies ceas’d for fome 
 
 time, hut the wickednefs of our Britains was without 
 
 end. The enemies Ifft tis, but we did not leave our 
 
 vices. For it has ever been the cuflom of this nation 
 
 {as it is at this day,) to be faint-hearted in repelling an 
 
 Enemy, but valiant in killing one another, and 
 
 bearing the burden of our Iniquities, &c. Well, thefe 
 
 impudent Irijh robbers return home, with a defign to^ 
 
 come again fhortly. T7jePi6ls in the remotefl parts of 
 
 the * IJland, began from henceforth to be quiet only* Tn the text 
 
 now and then they made a little fpoil and ravage.i»f‘*l-*y'-’'^^f 
 
 In thefe ceffations of arms, the fears of the jamin be- ’ 
 
 gan to wear out among the defolate Britains, but 
 
 another difeafe more keen and virulent fucceeded. For 
 
 iluviiia 
 
cxxix 
 
 cxxx 
 
 DeftruStion o/'Britain. 
 
 during the forbearance of thcfe Inroads, the Kingdom 
 enjoy’d fuch excefive plenty, m v.'as never remember’d 
 in any age before ; and that is ever accompany’ d with 
 debauchery, which then grew to fo high a pitch, that it 
 might be truly faid. Here is fuch fjrnication, as is 
 not named among the Gentiles. Nor was this the 
 only prevailing fin, but they bad all other vices inci- 
 dent to humane nature, ejpecially fuch cu at this day 
 overthrow all goodnefs a hatred of truth and the 
 teachers of it, ajondmfs for lyes and thofe that forge 
 . them, an imbracing evil for good, a veneration i for 
 
 pro beriigni- Vice inficai of virtue, a defire oj darknefs rather than 
 tute. light, and the entertaining Satan b^'ore an Angel oj 
 
 Rinssanoirt- K-ings were hot anointed by God, but were fuch 
 ed. ° men at they knew to be more cruel than the reR ; and 
 were foon after put to death without Tryal, by their 
 own Anointers, and others more fierce and cruel 
 eleBed- If any one of tbefe Kings Jeemed more mild 
 than other, or more juR in his proceedings all their 
 malice was daned at him, as the fubverter of Bri- 
 tain i and they weigh’d every thing that offended them, 
 in the fame fcule : If there was any difference, it 
 was the condemning of good nBions, which were moR 
 difpleafing fo that the prophefie denounced oj old a- 
 gainfi Ifrael, might well be apply d to them. Ah ! 
 iinful Nation, ye have forfaken the Lord, ye 
 have prot-oked tiie holy one of Ifrael unto an- 
 FtT : vhy fliould ye be ilricken any more, ye 
 \vill revolt more and more, the whole head is 
 Tick, and the whole heart faint. From the foie 
 of the foot even unto the head, there is no 
 foundnefs in it. R'hus they ailed contrary to their 
 own fafety, as if no cure were bejlow’d upon the 
 world, by the mighty Phyfician of m all. JRorwoi 
 this the demeanor of the fatty only ; but of the Clergy 
 and Pajlors aljo, whofe examples ffould be a guide to 
 others. Many of them were notorious drunkards, 
 fwoln with pride and animofity, full of contention, 
 fuU oj gall and envy, and incompetent judges oj good 
 and evil. So that (ae it is at this day) the Princes 
 were contem-ned and flighted, and the people feduc’d by 
 their own follies into endlefs Errors. In the mean 
 time, God intending to purge bis family, and rejorm it 
 from fuch corruptions by the apprehenfion of mijeries at 
 hand, a report is again broach’d, and prefently flies 
 abroad, that now our old Enemies are approaching, 
 with defign to dejiroy m, and to inhabit the kmd, 06 
 they didjbrmerly, from one end to the other. Not- 
 withfianding all this, they became not penitent, but 
 like 7nadhorfes, refufing the reins oj reafon, run on 
 in the broad way oj wickednefs, leaving the narrow 
 paths which lead to happinefs. Wherefore {as Solo- 
 mon fays) when the obfiinate fervant is not reform’d 
 with words, he is whip’ d for a fool, and continues in- 
 A Plague, fenfible. For a plague rag’d fo terribly among this 
 foolijh people, and, without the help oj the fword, 
 [wept off fuch numbers, that the living could fcarce 
 bury the dead. But they were not yet amended by 
 this judgment : that the faying of the Prophet Efay 
 might be alfo fulfilled in them. And God called 
 them to weeping and mourning, to baldnefs 
 and fackcloth ; but behold the killing of calves, 
 and (laying of rams ; behold eating flefh and 
 drinking wine j and faying, Let us eat and 
 drink, for to morrow we die. For the time drew 
 near, wherein the meafure oj their Inicpuities, like 
 that of the Amorites, was to be full. T'hey took 
 counfel, 06 to the tnoR effeBual courfefor withfianding 
 the frequent inroads oj thofe barbarom nations, and 
 how the booties which they took, fhould be divided. 
 "Then the whole Council, together with the proud ‘J’y- 
 rant, being infatuated, devife this fecurity, or rather 
 Saxons let in* defiruBion, for their country j tluzt the Saxons oj 
 to the Ifland. execrable memory, detefied by God and man, fhould 
 
 be invited into the Ifland {like fo many wolves into the 
 fheep-jold,) to repel the northern Nations. A thing 
 more defiruBive and pernicious, than ever bejel this 
 Kingdom \ 0 groffnefs of apprehenfion \ 0 the incura- 
 ble fiupidity of thefe Souls ! ‘Thofe, whotn at a 
 diftance they dreaded more than death, the foolifh 
 Princes of Egypt voluntarily invite into their own 
 honfes ; giving mad counfel to Pharaoh. 
 
 Then that kennel oj whelps ijfued out upon m, 
 from the den ojthe barbarous Lionejs, in three veff els, 
 called in their language Cyules, or long Galleys erm^B 
 
 with full fails, and lucky omens and auguries, por- 
 tending that they fhould pojfejs the land whither they 
 were bound, for three hundred years ; and, that one 
 hundred and fifty years {being half oj that time) 
 would be fpent in ravages. Having firfl landed in 
 the eaR part oj the Ifland, by the appointment of this 
 unfortunate Tyrant, they (luck clofe there, pretending 
 to defend the country, but rather opprefs’d it. The 
 jorefaid Lionefs, being advis’d that her firfl brood 
 fucceeded, pours in a larger herd of thefe devouring 
 brutes ; which arriving here, joyn themfelves to the 
 former fpurious iffue. From hence, the feeds oj ini- 
 quity, the root of bitternefs, thofe plagues jujily due to 
 our impieties, Jhoot out and grow among pis with ter- 
 rible ino'eafe. Theje Barbarians being received into 
 the Ifland, obtain an allowance of provifions, pretend- 
 ing thetnfelves falfly to be our guards, and that they 
 were willing to undergo any hardfioips for the fake oj 
 the kind Eritains, their Entertainers. This javour 
 being granted, flopped (cm we fay) the Cur s mouth, 
 for fame time. Then they complain that their 
 * jmnthly pay was too little (indujlrioujly feeking occa- * Efimenia. 
 fions oj quarrel,) and .declare that they would break 
 their league, and plunder the Ifland, unlefs a more 
 liberal fubjifiance was allow’d. Without more ado, 
 they prefently fhew they were in earmR by their 
 aBions {for the caufes which bad pull’d down venge- 
 ance upon pu before, were encreas d:) From fea to fea, 
 the country U jet on fire by this prophane eafierncrew, 
 who ceafed not to confume the Cities and country a- 
 round, till the whole furface of the Ifland, as far <m 
 the weflern Ocean, was burnt by tbefe dreadful flames. 
 
 In this devaflation, not inferior to that of the Affy- 
 rians heretofore upon fuda, was fulfilled in m {ac- 
 cording to the Hifiory) that which the Prophet, by way 
 oj lamentation, Jays, They have burnt thy fanftu- 
 ary with fire, they have polluted the tabernacle 
 oi: thy name in the land. And again, O God, 
 the Heathen are come into thine Inheritance, thy 
 holy temple have they defiled, &c. So that all the 
 Colonies were overturned with Engines', and the inha- 
 bitants, together with Bifhops, Priefls, and People, 
 were cut off by fire and fword, together. In which 
 miferable profpeB, a man might likewife fee in the 
 Jlreets, the ruins of towers pulled down, \with their \Eilto car- 
 flately gates ', the remains of high walls j the facred^^'^^' 
 altars, and limbs of dead bodies, with clods of blood, 
 hudled together in one mixt 7~uin, as in a wine-prefs : 
 for there were m other graves for the dead bodies, than 
 what the fall of houfes, or the bowels of beafis and 
 fowls, gave them. 
 
 In reading this account, we ought not to be 
 angry with honeft Gildas, for inveighing fo 
 keenly againft the vices of his Country-men the 
 Britains, and the barbarous outrages of the 
 Pifts and Scots, and the infatiable cruelty^ of our 
 Saxon Anceftors. But being now, by engraftings 
 or mixtures for fo many ages, become all one 
 people, and civilized by Religion and Humani- 
 ty, let us confider what they were, and what 
 we ought to be j left God, provok’d by our fins, 
 fhould tranfplant other nations hither, that may 
 either root us out, or enflave us. 
 
 r 
 
 BRITAINS 
 
cxxxi 
 
 cxxxii 
 
 B R I T A I ,N S of 
 
 ARMORICA. 
 
 thefe miferable and woful 
 times, the remains of the por 
 Britainsy vsho -were found in the 
 moimtainsy vsere butcher'd in great 
 numbers-, and others, ahnofi kiR d 
 zvith famine. Surrendered them- 
 /elves to the enemy as their flasves 
 forever, provided they might not prefemly he put to 
 death, -which -was to be taken for a very great favour. 
 Some retired beyond fea, finging under jail (ifter a 
 f Ctleuftfiaiis howling manner (t inflead of the Marriner s Cry,) 
 Thou haft given us, O Lord, as flieep to the 
 daughter, and fcatter d us among the heathen. 
 Others remain d in their native country, but -with 
 great fears trufling their lives to vaji mountains, 
 dreadful precipices, intrenchments, thick woo^, and 
 rocks in the fea. Part of thofe who _ pafs’d over 
 the fea, were they (without queftion) who to 
 fecure themfelves went in great numbers to Ar- 
 morica in France, where they were received very 
 kindly by the Armoricans. Which (not to 
 mention a community of (a) language, that of 
 Armorica being almoft the fame with our Britijh 
 or Welch, nor other Writers who agree in this 
 point) is prov’d from an Author of the next 
 .age to it, and born in Armorica, who wrote 
 the life of S. Wingualof the Confelfor. A race 
 ef Britains (fays he,) imbark’d in little vejfels, 
 were transported over the Britifh fea to this land', the 
 barbarous nation of the Saxons, all of ^ the fame ter- 
 rible and warlike Spirit, having pojfefs’d themfelves of 
 their native Country. T'hen that dear race jhut them- 
 felves within this comer ; where, being bfbre almoH 
 worn out with f atigues, they are fettled in a quiet 
 country. Yet our Hiftorians tell us, that the 
 Britains were feated on that coaft long before 
 this. Malmsbury fays, T’hat Conjiantine the 
 Great was fainted Emperor by bis army ', and, ha- 
 * Superiors expedition for the * upper-parts, 
 
 terras, brought away with him many Britifh Soldiers: by 
 whofe means, having obtain’d the Empire by feveral 
 fuccefful Engagements, he planted fucb of them as 
 were pafl fervice, in a certain part of Gaul towards 
 the wefl upon the flme', where to this day their po- 
 fterity remain, incorporated with the Natives, and 
 fosnewbat alter’d in modes and language f-om our 
 Britains. This was an Order of Conflantine the 
 Emperor : Let the Veterans enter upon the vacant 
 lands, and hold them freely for ever. Likewife 
 Cci Theod Maximus the Emperor, who flew Gratian, 
 
 libf.Tit. '2o,'^°tild not fend home the foldiers that hadfoUowed him 
 out of Britui'a, but gave them feveral countrys, from 
 the Lake above Mons Jovis, to the city caSed Cant- 
 •f- Cumulus, guic, and to the weflern f heap, Cruc-occhidient. He 
 who writes notes upon Ninius, adds, without 
 ground, That the Armorican Britons beyond fea, 
 voent from hence in an expedition with Maximus the 
 Tyrant j and when they could not return, defiroy’d 
 the weflern parts of France and taking their wives 
 and daughers to marriage, cut out all their tongues, 
 lefi the children foould /peak their language. And 
 upon this account, we call them in our language Lhet 
 Vydion, i. e. half filent, becaufe they /peak confu- 
 
 fedly. I cannot difpute the authority of thefe 
 Writers; nay, I am of opinion, that the chil- 
 dren of thefe Veterans, were they who receiv d 
 the Britains that fled afterwards out of their 
 own Country. However, the name of Britains 
 does not appear by the Writers of that age to 
 have been in thefe parts before the Saxons came 
 into our Britain; except thofe w'hom Pliny 
 feeras to place in Picardy, and who are called 
 Brinani in fome Copies. For if any conclude 
 with Volaterranus, from the fourth book of 
 Strabo, that Britannia w'as a city of Gaul ; let 
 him but look upon the GreekText, and he W'ill 
 quickly fee that Strabo fpeaks tliere of riie 
 Ifland of Britain, and not of a City. As for 
 thatverfe of Dionyfius Afer, which I h.ave al- 
 ready cited ; fome are inclin’d rather to under- 
 fland it (as Stephanm does) of our Britains, than 
 (w'ith Eufiathms) of the Britains in Armorica ; 
 efpecially feeing Feflus Avienus, an ancient 
 Writer, has thus render’d it, 
 
 ' •Caiiris nimimn vkina EriUtnnis : * BritaTwii. 
 
 Flavaque cafariem Germania porrigit ora. 
 
 Cold Britain, plac’d too near the Northern 
 winds. 
 
 And yellow hair’d Germany her coaft extends. 
 
 Nor let any one think, that the Britannkiani Brltannici' 
 mention’d in the Notitia, came originally from 
 hence ; who were only thofe Troops that were 
 rais’d in our Britain. 
 
 Before the arrival of our Britains, this 
 Country was called Armorica, i. e. by the fea-Jide', 
 after that, to the fame feafe, it was call’d in our parha'ps in 
 Britifh tongue, Llydaw, that is, upon the flme ; 
 and, by our Latin writers of the middle age, 
 
 Letavia. And therefore I fiippofe thefe to be 
 the Lati that Zofimus fpeaks of in Gaul, Zoaaras. 
 where he takes notice that Magnentius the Ty- 
 rant was born among the Lati there, and that 
 his father was a Britain. Thefe * Armorki (du- * Called b/ 
 ring the reign of that Conflantine, who and 
 
 , chofen for the fake of his name ; and at the [,y another, 
 time when the Barbarians, over-running France, the Country 
 turned out the Roman Garrifons) made them-h felf Ci/r»u 
 felves a diftinft Common- wealth. Bur 
 nian tl\Q. Younger, by the alTiflance of j^tim, fiance. 
 and the mediation of St. German, reduced them. 
 
 At that rime, Exuperantius feems to have go- 
 vern’d them ; of whom Claudim Rutilim writes 
 thus : 
 
 Cujus Aremoricas pater Exuperantim oras 
 Nunc pofi liminium pads amore dccet : 
 
 Leges rejiituit, libertatemque reducit, 
 
 Et fervos famulis non Jink ejfe fuis. 
 
 Where great Exuperantim gently fways. 
 
 And makes the Natives love return in peace ; 
 
 Reilorestheirlaws, and grateful freedom gives. 
 
 Nor bafely lets them be his fervaiit’s fiaves. 
 
 From 
 
 (a) See 'tornwall } as alfo Ifacias PontanKS, in his Letter to Mr. Camden, publilhed among bh 
 Epiftles, p. 90. 
 
cxxxiii 
 
 From chefe verft-s, ic is poffible, JEgidim 
 might conclude, thatthe Britains were 
 lervants to the Jr/r.orki, and .regained their ■ 
 freedom by torce. 
 
 I'he hrfl mention of the Britains in 
 * Seillingfl. * Annorica that I know of , was in 
 Orig. Britan.|;he year 461, about thirty years after the 
 P* Saxons were call’d into Britain j for then,_ 
 
 Manfuetiis a Britilh Bifhop (among others of 
 that Order in France and Armorica) fubferib’d 
 firfl in the Council of T'ours. The ninth year 
 after, theie new inhabitants of France, feeing 
 the Vifigoths pollefs themfelves of the fertile 
 countrys of Anjou and Poidtou, fell upon them, 
 and were the only people that hinder’d them 
 from conquering all France. For they fided 
 with Ayithemm the Roman Emperor, againft 
 ^v/i. the Goths j fo that Arvandus was condemn’d 
 
 of high treafon, tor writing letters to the King 
 of the Goths, advifmg him to conquer the^Bri- 
 tains who lived above the Loire, and to divide 
 France between the Goths and Burgundians. 
 An. 470. Thefe Britains ^^•ere a cumiingfon of people, -war- 
 like, feditious, and flubborn, upon the account of their 
 valour, numbers, and allies, fays Sidonius A- 
 pollinaris in his complaint of them to his friend 
 Riothimus, as he himftif calls him (but Jornan- 
 des ftiles him King of the Britains,) who be- 
 ing afterwards fent for by Anthemius, went with 
 a lupply of 12000 men to the aid of the Ro- 
 mans ; but before he could joyn them, was de- 
 feated in a fet Battle by the Goths, and fo fled 
 to the Burgundians, who were then Confederate 
 
 cxxxiv 
 
 witli the Romans. From that time Armorki 
 being fubdu’d by little and little)^ the name of 
 Britains prevail’d fo much in this their new 
 country, that the whole body of the Inhabitants 
 began to fall under it, and the tradl it felf to be 
 call’d Britannia Armorica, and to be ftil’d by the 
 Franks Britannia Cijmarina. Hence J. Scaligeri 
 
 Vidt Aremorkas animofa Britannia gentes, 
 
 Et dedit impofto nomina prifea jugo. 
 
 Armorica flout Britain overcame. 
 
 And with her yoke impos’d her ancient name. 
 
 For, that they fell upon their friends who had 
 entertained them, is manifefl (among other Au- 
 thorities) from tile W'ords of Regalis Bifhop of^ 
 
 * Vermes, concerning himfelf and his friends. 
 
 We are enflav’d to the Britains, and undergo jq, 
 
 heavy yoke. In after-times, they courageoufly c. g. 
 defended their lives and liberties againft the 
 Franks ; at firfl uncler the conduit of petty 
 Kings, and afterwards under Counts and 
 Dukes ; though (as Glaber Rodolphus has it,) 
 their -whole -wealth conjifted in ] freedom from 
 and in plenty of milk. And hence William 
 Malmsbury,v.'ho wrote * fix hundred years ago,* five, C. 
 fays thus of them 'They are a generation of men very 
 needy at home ; and therefore they earn foreign pay 
 in other places by very toilfom -work. If they be but 
 well paid, they flick not (out of any regard to Right, 
 or Kindred) at engaging in civil wars ; but are mer- 
 cenary, and for the fide that bids moft. 
 
 Britain! of W a i. ns and Cornwall. 
 
 The B R I T A I N S of 
 
 Wales and Cornwall. 
 
 H E reft of the miferable Bri- 1 
 tains (who were forc’d to feek 
 a Country in their native one) 
 underwent fuch terrible Cala- 
 mities as are not to be ex- 
 prefs’d : being not only har- 
 rafs’d with a cruel war carried 
 on in all parts by the Saxons, Piits, and Scots, 
 but every wliere opprefs’d by the intolerable in- 
 folence of Tyrants. Who and what thefe \yere 
 about the year 5 00, you lhall hear in fliort from 
 Gildas, who liv’d at that time, and was him- 
 Conjiantinut. felf all eye-witnefs of all this. Confiantine, a- 
 mong the Damnonii, though he had bound himfelf by 
 an exprefs oath before God and the Saints, that he 
 would do the duty of a good Prince, yet flew two 
 children of the blood royal, and their two Tutors 
 (both valiant men) in two Churches, under the Am- 
 phibalus of the Abbot (* a facred veflment hairy 
 on both fidesi) having many years before put away 
 his lawful wife, and defil’d himfelf with repeated 
 adulteries. 
 
 Aurelius Conanus, wallowing in the filth of 
 parricides and adulteries, and hating the peace of his 
 country, was left alone like a free withering in the open 
 field. His father and brothers xoere carried away 
 with their own wild whimfeys, and furpris’d by un- 
 timely deaths. 
 
 Vortiporius, a tyrant of the Dimeta:, the un- 
 worthy fon of a good father like a Panther in his 
 manners, and being as much fpotted with his fins 
 fitting in the throne in bis grey hairs, full of craft and 
 fubtilty, and defil’d with parricieles and adulteries, 
 
 * As an old 
 GlofTary in- 
 terprets it. 
 
 Aurelius Co- 
 nanus, alfo 
 called Can:- 
 
 Vortiporius. 
 
 turn’d off his wife, and committed a rape upon her 
 daughter, and then kill’d her. 
 
 Cuneglafus, in LatinLcdtio fulvus 
 low Butcher) a bear ridingupon many, and writ /arvar. 
 
 ver of the chariot which carries the bear, a defpifer of 
 God, and opprejfor of the Clergy, fighting againfi God 
 ■with fins, a-nd againfi menwitb Arms he turn’d off 
 his wife, perfecuted the Saints, was proud of his own 
 wifdom, and trufied in the uncertain flrength of his 
 own riches. 
 
 Maglocunus, an Iflnnd Dragon (who had de- Maglocunus. 
 prived many tyrants of their Kingdoms and lives) wai 
 ever the firfl in mifehief; his ftrength and malice was 
 generally above that of others j he gave jnore largely, 
 finned more profufely, fought more floutly, and ex- 
 celled nU the Commanders of Britain both in extent of 
 Dominions, and in the fiature and gracefulnefs of his 
 perfon. In his youth, befell upon his Uncle then a 
 King, with the flower of his forces, and defiroy’d his 
 Territories with fire and fword. Afterwards, when 
 the fantaflkk thoughts of reigning in an arbitrary 
 manner were gone, he fell into fuch remorfe of con- 
 fcience, that he profefs’d himfelf a Monk ; yet he fcon 
 return’d to his vomit, and breaking his monafikk Vow, 
 dcfpisd his firfl marriage, and fell in kve with the 
 wife of his own brother’s fon then living j he kill’d 
 the fon, and his own wife, after he had liv’d fome 
 time with her and then he marry’ d the brother’s fin’s 
 wife, on whom he had before fettled bis ajfeBions. But 
 the relation of thefe things belongs toHiftorians; 
 who have falfly made thefe 'I’yrants to fucceed 
 one another : whereas it was at the very fame 
 time (as appears from Gildas who fpeaks to 
 
 them 
 
cxxxv 
 
 CXXXVl 
 
 The Tiers, 
 
 them all foverally) that theyufurp’d the Go- 
 vernment in feveral parts ot' the Idand. 
 
 ThefeFew remains of the Britains withdrew 
 themfelves into the weftern parts of the IlUnd, 
 namely, thofe which a\ e call ff'ales and Cornwall ; 
 which arc fortified by nature with hills and 
 Corntveahs, jeftuaries. The Inhabitants of the iirft of thofe 
 Countries were callM by the Saxons Brit- 
 men. * ^ ^ wealas, and the others, Comwealas ; as thofe in 
 
 * Vii. Som- Gaul were call’d Galwealas. For, whatever was 
 ner’s Glo/Tary exotick and foreign, they call’d, Waljh ] from 
 the*De!'i °^whence alfo the WaUoones in Holland, and the 
 s7ripilrlT,m.V<^ilachi upon the Danube, were originally 
 iet the title nam’d. 'I'hefe Britwealas, or Welfhraen, were a 
 if^aUia. warlike people, and for many ages maintained 
 their liberty under petty Kings of their own. 
 Although ency were feparated from the Engiifh 
 by a wonderful trench call by King Offa ; yet 
 they were ever now and then making Inroads, 
 and wafling their cities with fire and fword ; 
 and likew'ile were repay’d by the Saxons in the 
 fame kind. At laft, in the reign of Edw. I. 
 statuium (as he writes of himfelf) T’be Divine Providence, 
 WalVtce. which difpofeth all things rightly^ among other difpen- 
 fations by which he has vouchjafed to blefs us and our 
 Kingdom of England, hath now by his mercy fub- 
 jetled the Kingdom of Wales, with the inhabitants 
 thereof (who were before Feudataries to us) wholly 
 and fudy without let or hindrance, to our dominion , 
 having annexed and united the fame to the crown of 
 our faid Realm, as a member of the felf fame body. 
 Notwithftanding, in the next age, nothing 
 could perfwade them to continue in fub- 
 jeetion, no accommodation could be made, 
 nor could the hatred between the tw'O Na- 
 tions be utterly extinguifh’d, till Henry the 
 feventh (as born among them) fhew’d great 
 favour and indulgence to the Country, and 
 Henry the eighth admitted them to the benefit 
 of the fame laws and liberties that the Englifli 
 enjoy. Since that, and a long time before, the 
 Kings of England have found them upon many 
 occafions a People of untainted loyalty. But the 
 CornwalU werefoon reduc’d under the dominion 
 of the Saxons, in fpight of all the oppolition 
 
 they could make in defence of their country j 
 being over-match’d in numbers, and tireir ter- 
 ritories not well enough guarded by nature to 
 ptotedi: them. 
 
 Thus much mayfuffice concerning the i?r/- 
 tains and the Romans. However, lince I am 
 treating of the Inhabitants, I muff take notice 
 of what Zolimus relates (though I took notice 
 of it before,) That Probus the Emperor tranf- 
 pianted the Fundah n\id Burgundians whom he^.^^ ^ 
 had conquered, into Britain j who being fettled dai/ and Bur- 
 here, proved very ferviceable to the Romans, gundims in 
 upon all Seditions and Infurreftions. But Britain, 
 where they could defeated, unlefsin Cambridge^ 
 fjme, I cannot tell. For Gervalius Tilburienfis 
 makes mention of an olAVaUum in this Countv, 
 which he calls Vandelsburg, and fays it was a 
 work of the Vandals. 
 
 I would not have anyimagin, that in the time 
 of Conjlantius, the Carthaginians were feared 
 here, grounding upon that paflage ot Eumeni- 
 us tlie Rhetorician ; Nif forte non gravior Bri- 
 tanniam ruina deprefferat, quam fi perfufa tegereuir 
 Oceano, qua projundijfimo Poenorum gurgite liberata, 
 ad confpecium Romana lucis emerfit, i. e. Iftliat de- 
 fhuddon of Britain w'ere, not greater, than if it 
 had been overwhelm’dwiththeOcean : Butno'.v, 
 being freed from a deep gulf of the [Pcenif\ fhe 
 lifts up her head at the fight of the Roman light. 
 
 For there is an old Copy which belong’d to 
 Humphry Duke of Glocefier, and alter that 
 to the Right Honourable Baron Bmghley Lord 
 High-Treafurerof England, wherein it is read 
 Pocitamm gurgitibus. And he feems to treat of 
 thofe Grievances and Calamities, which they 
 endur’d under Caraufius. 
 
 Nor, from that of Agatbias in the fecond book 
 of his Hiftory, ‘The Britains are a nation of the 
 Hunns, would I have any one afperfe our 
 Britains, or conclude them to be Hunns. For 
 in the Greek Copy it is read BMapw and nor 
 Britones, as I w'as affur’d long fince by the 
 learned Francis Pithaus ; and as J. Lewenclaim, a 
 very excellent Hiflorian, has now publifh’d 
 it. 
 
 THE 
 
 P I C T S. 
 
 O W, of the other Inhabitants 
 of Britain : And firft of the 
 _ who, in point of Anti- 
 
 quity, are allow’d by Hiftori- 
 H ansrocome next in order to 
 
 the Britains. Hector Boetius 
 derives thefe people from the 
 Agathyrji', andPomponius Lstus, Aventinus, and 
 others, from the Germans. Some fetch them 
 from the PiBones in Gaul, and Bede from the 
 Scythians. It happen'd (fays he) that thePiBs failed 
 from Scythia (as the report goes) in fome few gallics 
 into Ireland, and having in vain defned of the Scots a 
 fettlement there, they went over to Britain by their 
 advice, and fix'd in the north pans of it, about the 
 year 78, according to the receiv'd opinion. 
 
 In fuch (a) a variety of Conjeftures, I know 
 not which to adhere to j however to fliow, as 
 
 near as I can, how this matter flands, I will de- 
 liver my own thoughts of it. And if the Au- 
 thority of Venerable Bede were not an over- 
 balance to all ConjeBures; I lliould be apt to 
 think that the PiBs were not tranfplanted from 
 any other country, but were originally Britains, 
 1 mean thofe very Britains, who, before the Ro- 
 mans came here, inhabited the north parts of 
 the Ifiand i thofe who, refufing to be flavcs to the 
 Romans (as they are a People moft averfe to 
 fervitude) afterwards them. For as thofe 
 Britains, who upon the Saxon invafion were 
 loth to part with their liberty, withdrew and 
 retreated to the weft parts of the Ifiand, viz.. 
 IVales and Cornwall, which are full of fteep and 
 craggy hills j fo doubtlefs theBritains, in the Ro- 
 man war, rather than be brought under fiavery 
 (the worft of evils) Ihitted to thefe nortlv;ni 
 
 parts, 
 
 ra; SceBiftop Mlher's Antiquilat. Britan. Ecc]ef. cap. 15. where their originalis fully difeuiTed. 
 fleet, Vng. Britan, p. 246. proves them to have theii original from Scandinavia. 
 
 Dr. Stilling* 
 
cxxxvii The P I 
 
 parts, which are defended by the inclemency of 
 the air, by rough and craggy mountains, and by 
 the Sea, and the Bogs i where tliey were fecu- 
 red, not fo much by their weapons, as by the 
 fharpnefs of the air, and, by degrees, grew up 
 with the natives into a populous Country. For 
 Tacitus tells us, that the enemies of the Ro- 
 mans were driven into thefe parts (as into ano- 
 ther Ifland) by Jgricola his father-in-law ; and 
 no one . queftions, but they v,'ere JBritains who 
 peopled thefe remote parts of the Ifland. For 
 can it be imagin’d, that thofe Britains who \vere 
 at war with the Romans (an army of 30000 
 fighting men, led out againft ; whoalfo 
 
 gave Severus fuch terrible defeats, that in one 
 expedition feventy thoufand of his Roman and 
 confederate Troops were cut off,) were every 
 foul of them deftroy’d, without one remaining 
 to propagate a Pofterity , fo as we mull needs 
 people the place with foreigners from Scythia or 
 rtt^ace ? I am fo far from believing it (though 
 Bede hath faid it, upon the credit of others,) 
 that I fhould fooner affirm them to have been 
 fruitful to fuch a degree, that their own coun- 
 try w^as unable to hold and maintain them, and 
 that therefore they were conftrain’d to break in 
 trpon the Roman Province j as afterwards they 
 certainly did, when the Scots had fettled among 
 them. But becaufe Bede fays it, according to 
 the common report of thofe times ; 1 am very 
 apt to believe, that fome from Scandia (which 
 was, heretofore, with all that northern traft, 
 calfdi’cyj/jiiz) might arrive among thefe Northern 
 Britains, by the help of that continu’d fet of 
 Iflands, lying almoft clofe to one another. 
 
 Left any one ftiould imagin that I fuffer my 
 felf to be impos’d on by a fpecious lie j 1 think, 
 
 I can fhew from the mamers, mme, and 
 language of the Pifts (in all which they will ap- 
 pear to agree with our Britains,) that they 
 were indeed the very Britains themfelves. 
 
 Without obferving, that neither the Pills (ac- 
 cording to Bede,) nor the Britains (according to 
 Tacitus) made any diftineftion of Sex in point 
 of Government, or excluded the Females from 
 the Crown ; it is certain, that the fafhion of 
 painting, and dawbing themfelves with colours, 
 was common to both nations. Thus much we 
 have already obferv’d among the Britains ; and 
 Claudian will fhew us the fame among the 
 PidSj 
 
 — .TVfc /alfo nomine PiBos 
 JEdomuit ^ — -■ 
 
 In happy war o’ercame 
 The PiBs that differ nothing from their name. ; 
 
 Again, 
 
 ■ 'Ferroque notatae 
 Perlegit exanimes PtBo moriente figuras. 
 
 - ' And oft furvey’d 
 
 Pale ir’n^burnt figures on the dying PiB. 
 
 Ifidorus is no lefs clear in this matter. T’he 
 name of the Pifts anfwers their body becaufe they 
 fqueez.e out the juke of herbs t and imprint it on their 
 bodies by pricking their skins with a needle ; fo that 
 the fpotted nobility bear thefe fears in their painted 
 limbs, as a badge of honour. But how can we 
 imagin that thefe PiBs were Germans, who ne- 
 ver had any fuch way of painting among tliem ? 
 or that they were the Agathyrji of Thrace, a 
 Seepag. cxl. people fo very far off i and not rather the very 
 Britains, feeing they vvere in the fame Ifland, 
 and had the very fame cuftom of painting ? 
 
 C T S. cxxxviii 
 
 Nor are thofe Barbarians (who fo long in- 
 fefted the Romans by fallies out of the Caledo- 
 nian W'ood and the moft northerly parts there- 
 abouts,) mention’d by any other name in ancient 
 Authors, Dio, Herodtan, VbpifcHi, &c. than 
 that of Britains. Likewife Tacitus (who gives 
 a full account of the wars of his father-in-law 
 'Agricola in thefe extreme parts of Britain) calls 
 the Inhabitants by no other name than this of 
 Britanni, sersdi e Caledonia Britanni ', whereas thefe 
 new-comers the PiBs had been here ten years 
 before, according to our modern writers^ which 
 deferves our obfervation, fince Tacitus knew 
 nothing of them in his time. Nor would thofe 
 Roman Emperors, who carried on the war 
 fuccefsfully againft them, Commodus, Severus, 
 and Bafftanus and Geta his fons, have affum’d the 
 title of Britannici upon the conqueft of them, 
 in cafe they had not been Britains. Without 
 doubt, if the Romans (with whom every thing 
 unknown, was magnificent) had conquered any 
 other nation different from the Britains and un- 
 known before, whether they had been call’d 
 PiBs or Scots, they would have had thofe titles 
 of PiBs or Scots in their Coins and In- 
 feriptions. Tacitus conjectures from their red 
 hair and the bignefs of tlieir limbs, that they 
 came originally from Germany j but immedi- 
 ately after, he aferibes it more truly to the 
 Climate, wftich models the bodies of men. 
 Whereupon, Vitruvius : T’he parts towards the 
 north-pole produce men of huge bulk, taunijh colour, 
 and lank red hair. Moreover, that the Caledo- 
 nians (who without difpute were Britains) were 
 the very fame Nation with the PiBs, we have 
 another hint in that of the Panegyrift, Caledo- 
 num aliorumque PiBorum fylvas, &c. i. e. the 
 words of the Caledonians and other PiBs ; imply- 
 ing, that the Caledonians were no other than the 
 Piets. And that thefe Caledonians were a 
 Britijh Nation, Martial intimates in this 
 verfe, 
 
 Quinte Caledonios Ovidi vifure Britannos. 
 
 Friend Owd, who your voyage now defign 
 
 To Caledonian Britains, &c.-— 
 
 Aufonius alfo j who at the fame time tells us 
 they were painted, when he compares their co- 
 lour to green mofs mix’d with gravel 
 
 — •Viridem difiinguit glarea mufeum 
 
 ‘Tota Caledoniis talk piBura Britannis. 
 
 Green mofs with yellow fand diftinguifh’d 
 
 grows. 
 
 Juft fo the Caledonian Britain fhows. 
 
 But as thefe were known for a long time by no 
 other name than that of Britains, and this name 
 was from their painted bodies fo afterwards a- 
 bout the time of Maximinian a-ndiDioclejian (before 
 which, the word PiBs is not to be met with in 
 any Writer,) when Britain had been fo long a 
 Province that the Inhabitants began to under- 
 ftand the Provincial Latin thefe feem firft to 
 have been call’d PiBs, to diftinguifh them from 
 thofe who were confederate with the Romans, 
 and call’d Britains. And what could give occa- 
 fion for calling them PiBs, but that they painted 
 themfelves ? If any one make it a queftion, 
 whether our Britains ufed the Provincial Latin, 
 he has not obferv’d, what pains were taken by 
 the Romans to bring the Provinces to fpeak that 
 language, nor what multitudes of Larin words 
 have crept into the Britifli tongue. Not to 
 urge the authority of Tacitus j who writes, 
 f that 
 
cxxxix 
 
 The P ICT S. 
 
 cxl 
 
 that in Domitian’s time, the Britains afFeded 
 the very Eloquence of the Roman language. But 
 ji/. A r 3 T as for this name ot PiBst the authority of Fla- 
 • vius Vegetius will clear all doubts concerning it. 
 
 He fliows very plainly, that the Britains us d 
 the word PiHa to exprefs a thing colour’d, in 
 the very fame fenfe that the Romans did. For 
 he fays, the Britains call’d your Scout-pinnaces 
 PiBa, the fails and cables thereof being dyd 
 blue, and the mariners and foldiers clad in 
 habits of the fame colour. Certainly, if the 
 Britains call’d fiiips from their fails of a blue^dyey 
 Pifije, there is no reafon in the world, why 
 they fhould not give the name PitV to a people 
 that painted their bodies with feveral colours, 
 and efpecially with blue h fot that is the dye 
 that vjoad gives. 
 
 It is alfo to our purpofe, that t\\Q Northern 
 PiBs, who were converted to Chriftianity by 
 the preaching and example of S. Columbanm, 
 are call’d in the old Saxon Annals (a) BrittM 
 PeohtaSy i. e. Britijh PiBs. 
 
 Language of The reafon why there are not more arguments 
 the Piftj. the Language of the Pifts, is, becaufe 
 
 there is hardly a fyllable of it to be found in 
 any Author : however, it feems to have been 
 the fame with the Britifli. Bede tells us, that 
 a Vallum began at a place call’d in_ the 
 Pidtifh tongue Penuahel j now Pengual in Britifh 
 exprefsly lignifies the head or the beginning of the 
 Vallum. Moreover, in all that part of the liland 
 which was longeft poffefs’d by the Pifts (name- 
 ly, the Eaft-part of Scotland,) many names of 
 places favour of a Britifh original : for exam- 
 ple, Morria, and Marmoy from the Britifh word 
 MoYy becaufe thofe countries border upon the 
 fea: Aberdeny Aberhtlmety Aberdore, Abemeitb ; 
 that is, the mouth of the Deny of the Lothnety of 
 the Dorey and of the Neith j from the Britifh 
 Abery which fignifies the mouth of a river. So 
 Strathbolgyy Strathdeey Strathearny that is, the Vale 
 of Bolgjy of the Deey and of the Earne ; from 
 Strathy which is a vally in Britifh. Nay, the 
 very Metropolis of the PiiSs has a name that is 
 evidently of Britifli Extraftion ; I mean Edin- 
 burgh (which Ptolemy calls Caflrum alatum j) for 
 Aden fignifies a w'ing in Britifh. Nor will I 
 ftrain it into an argument, that fome of the 
 petty Kings of the Pids were called Bridiiy 
 that is, in Britifh (as I have often obferv’d al- 
 ready) {b) fainted. 
 
 From what has been faid, we may reafonably 
 infer that the language of the Pifts was not dif- 
 ferent from chat of the Britains j and therefore 
 that the nations themfeh es were not different. 
 Bede indeed fpeaks of the language of the Pifts 
 and Britains as different; in wfoich place, he 
 feems to mean the dialeBs only, by the word 
 Language, 
 
 Nor is it ftrange that the PiBs fhould by their 
 incurfions make fuch a terrible daughter of their 
 Countrymen the Britains ; feeing at this day, in 
 Ireland, thofe who are fubjeft to the Englifh, 
 have no fuch malicious and fpiteful enemies as 
 their own fellow-natives the LVtld-Irifb. For, 
 as Paulm Diaconm has it, As the Gothsy Hyp- 
 fogothsy Gepidians and Vandalsy changing their name 
 onlyy and fpeaking the felf fame language, were fre- 
 cjuently at wars with one another ; juft fo were 
 the Pidts and Britains ; efpecially after the laft 
 became Confederate with the Romans. Thefe 
 are the motives that have induc’d or rather 
 forc’d me to think the PiBsy a remainder of the 
 Britains. But perhaps the Authority of Bede 
 
 may overbalance all thefe j and if the Reader 
 fo pleafe, I am content that a Tradition handed 
 by fo great a man, andbuiltonly upon the report 
 of others, do prevail againft thefe Conjectures. 
 
 [Andthataccount which Bede gives, of their Stillingf. 
 coming from Scythia, is prefer ’d by a late learned Brit. 
 Hiftorian, before the foregoing Opinion, 
 they viere originally Britains. Againft which it is 
 urg’d by him. That Eumenius the Panegyrift 
 (the firft who mentions the PtBs) exprefsly di- 
 ftinguifhes them from the Britains, and fuppofes 
 them to be Enemies to each other. The Bri- 
 tainsy fays he, -were exercifed by the arms of the 
 PiBs and Scots : Thar tho’ Dio fets dowm the 
 names of diftinftion then us’d for the Extra-pro- 
 vincial Britains, he divides them into two forts, 
 
 Maata, and Caledonii ; but fays nothing of any 
 PiBs : That, at that time, Zonaras calls them 
 all by the name of Britains : 'Fhat, as to the 
 Authority of the Pantgyrift, who feems to call 
 the Caledonians (who were undoubtedly Bri- 
 tains) PiBsy in that expreflion. Non dico Caledo- 
 num aliommcpue PiBorum Sylvas the reading, 
 as Valefius obferves, ought to be. Non Dicale- 
 donum alionmque PiBorum, agreeably to Ammi- 
 anus Marceliinus’s Divifion of the PiCls into 
 Dicaledones and VeBuriones : Tiiat if it be ask’d, 
 why Tacitm, Dio, Herodian, Vopifem, &c. take 
 no notice of any Enemy to the Romans in thofe 
 parts, befides the Britains, if there Vas another 
 diftinft Nation ; it may as well be ask’d, why 
 the later Writers do fo diftinftly mention the 
 PiBs, if th«y were no other than the old Bri- 
 tains ? If they were not, they were painted from 
 the beginning, and whence then came the new 
 name of Pifts fo long after ? and why do the 
 Roman Writers, all of a fudden alter their 
 ftyle, and exchange Britains, fo famous 
 
 among the Romans, for that of PiBs, which 
 was not heard of before ? In favour of Bede’s 
 Opinion, that tliey came from Scythia (taking 
 Scythia, according to Strabo’s account of the 
 ancient divifion, for the whole north-^tert of 
 Europe, as Celtia was the weft,) it is alledg’d, 
 
 That Claudian makes Thule the country of tPoQAtUnt, 
 PiCts, and Olaus Rudbeck hath made it very- 
 probable that by Thule, Scandinavia is meant, as 
 beft agreeing with the ancient relations con- 
 cerning Thule : That it appears from the old 
 Gothick Hiftories, to have been the cuftom of 
 the Scythians, to make frequent Expeditions to 
 fea, for booty and for new fettlements ; That 
 Pliny reckons the Agatbyrji among thefe Scythi- 
 ans, and it appears that the Agathyrfi were re- 
 markable heretofore for painting their Bodies, 
 from that of Virgil, PiBique Agathyrfi, and 
 from what Solinus fays of them, “ That their 
 “ Bodies were painted Colore caruleo, juft as the 
 “ old PiCts were.” That Tacitus obferves of 
 the Arii, a fierce Northern People, that they 
 \\0Lii tinBa corpora, or in other words voere PiBs; 
 and Virgil faith the fame of tlie Geloni, who 
 were next neighbours to the Agathyrfi. Since 
 therefore, Olaus Rudbeck fettles the Agathyrfi 
 upon the Baitick Sea ; this may feem to point 
 out to us the proper original of our Pids, or 
 the place from whence they came over into this 
 northpart of Britain.) 
 
 Ammiaiius Marcellinus divides the Pidsinto-®‘'"\^^'‘^f”“ 
 Dkalidonii and VeBuriones ; I fhould rather read" ’ 
 
 it Deucalidonii, and fuppofe them to have in- 
 habited the Weft coaft ot Scotland, where the 
 Deucalidonian Ocean breaks in. Although I for-, 
 merly imagin’d them to be fo called, as if one 
 
 fhould 
 
 (tf) In all the Copies I have feen, they are fimpJy called Pihtas, (b) The true Irgnificatlon of Brith, Lc befbic, 
 under the title, Vams of Britain^ and Somner’s Gloflary to tlje becem Striptores, under Britannia. 
 
cxli 
 
 The Tiers. 
 
 cxlil 
 
 fhould fay Nigri Caledonii (for Dee fignifies black 
 in Britifh ;) juft as the Irifh at this day call the 
 Scotch of that country Duf AlBawny that is, 
 black Scots I and as the Welch call’d the Pirates 
 who infefted them from that coaft, TUu du, the 
 black Jrmy. But it is more probable, that they 
 took that name from their fituation. For Deheu 
 Caledonii fignifies the Caledonians living on the righ 
 hand, that is, to the Weftward : as the other 
 Fids dwelling to the left, or the Eafl (which 
 Ninnhu calls the left-hand quarter) were term d 
 VeBuriones, perhaps from the word Chwithic, 
 which fignifies the left hand in Britifh and are 
 fanfy’d by Tome to be corruptly nam d in Pto- 
 
 lemy, Vernkones. 
 
 frmoTd. FBut, in oppofitionto thisconjedure, Arch- 
 
 i>. 1021. bifhop Ufher proves, that by the right hand 
 and left hand among the Britains, is underftood, 
 not the v^eft and the eajl, but the foutb and the 
 north agreeable to Bede’s divifion of the Piets 
 into northern and fouthem, by a ridge of Moun- 
 tains, which was probably the JVlons Gramfim, 
 and was afterwards the bound between the Scots 
 and the PiSls, after the Scots had fettled them- 
 felves in that part of the Territories of the 
 Piits, which lay next to Irelaiid .1 
 
 An old Saxon Fragment feems to exprefs the 
 Pi£ts by the word Pegweorn, for under that narne 
 it fpeaks of a Nation at enmity with the Bri- 
 tains ; whereas, the ancient Saxons called the 
 Pifts, (a) Pebits, and Peohtas. Hence in Whit- 
 kindus, Pehiti is every where inftead of PiBi. 
 Cufloms and The manners and cuftoms of thofe ancient 
 manners of and barbarous Britains, who afterwards^! went 
 the pifts, name of PiEii, are already deferib’d from 
 
 Pae? Herodian. It remains now, that I con- 
 
 “* * tinue the hiftory of them. Upon the decline of 
 
 the Empire, when the Romans . unwarily rais d 
 thofe Troops of Barbarians j fomeof the Pifts 
 BUndus» vvere added by Honorius (when there was every 
 where a profound peace) to the ftanding Army 
 Honorkci. of the Empire, and call’d Honoriaci. Thefe, in the 
 reign of the tyrant Cenfiantine, (he (b) who was 
 elefted for the fake of his name) laid open the 
 paffes of the Pyrenees, and let the Barbarians 
 into Spain. And at length (having firft by 
 themfelves, and after, with the Scots their Al- 
 lies, exceedingly aimoy’d this Province of the 
 Romans) they began to be civiliz’d. Thofe of 
 the South were converted to Chriftianity by 
 Bede. Ninia or Ninianus the Britain a moft holy man, 
 about the year 436 j but thofe of the North 
 (who were feparated from the others by a crag- 
 gy ridge of high mountains) were converted by 
 Columbanus, an Irifh-Scot, and a Monk of ex- 
 traordinary fanftity, in the year 555. He taught 
 them (\\herever he learn’d it) to celebrate the 
 feaftof Eafler, between «the 14th day of March 
 and the 20th, but always upon Sunday •, and 
 alfo to ufe another kind of Tonfure than the 
 Romans did, namely, that which refembles a 
 Crown. Thefe points were fharply contefted 
 for a long time in the Ifland, till Naitan, King 
 of the Pifts, with much ado brought his Sub- 
 jefts to a conformity with the Roman Church. 
 In this age, many of the Pifts, according to the 
 cuftom of thofe times, went in Pilgrimage to 
 Rome ; and, among others, one of them is re- 
 corded in the Antiquities of St. Peter’s Cathe- 
 Afierm, a dral there, in thefe words, Aflerius, Count of the 
 Count of the Pilhi and Syra 'with his men, performed their Vows. 
 Pifts, fo overpower’d by the Scots 
 
 flowing in upon them from Ireland j that, be- 
 ing defeated in a bloody Engagement about the 
 
 year 740, they were either quite extinguiflied, 
 or did Aide by little and little into the name and 
 nation of the Scots. Which very thing befel 
 the mighty Kingdom of the Gauls ; W'ho, being 
 conquer’ d by the Franks, came by degrees under 
 the fame name. 
 
 When the Panegyrift intimates, that before 
 Csefar’s time Britain was haunted by its half- 
 naked Enemies the PiSis and Scots, he feems to 
 fpeak the language of his own age ; for * cer- * 
 tainly they were not then in Britain, under the 
 name of PiBs. 
 
 And when Sidonim Afollinaris fays, in his 
 Panegyrick to his Father-in-law, 
 
 \ 
 
 ■ " ViBricia Cafar 
 
 Signa Caledonios tranfvexit ad ufque BritdnnOsi 
 Fuderit & quantum Scotum, & cum Saxone 
 PiBum. 
 
 — — Tho’ Cafar s conqu’ring arms as far 
 
 As Caledonian Britains urg’d the war, 
 
 Tho’ Scots and PiBs with Saxons he fubdu’d. 
 
 I cannot but cry out in the w'ords of ano- 
 ther Poet, 
 
 — Sit nuUa fides augentibm omnia Mujts> 
 
 No credit juftly fhould the Mufes find. 
 
 That foar fo high, they leave tire truth 
 behind. 
 
 Csefar, who is prodigal enough in his own 
 praifes, would never have conceal’d thefe ex- 
 ploits, if he had done them. But fuch writers 
 are not unlike fome well-meaning Authors of 
 this age, who, in the hiftory of Csfar, tell us 
 that he conquer’d the French in Gaul, and the 
 Englijb in Britain ; whereas, at that time there 
 were no fuch names in being, neither that of 
 the English here, nor of the French there ; for it 
 was many ages after, that thefe People came in- 
 to their refpeftdve Countries. 
 
 PBut an argument has been rais’d from the 
 foregoing paflage of Eumenius the Panegyrift, 
 not only to make the name of the Pifts more 
 ancient, but alfo to prove that they w'ere in 
 Csfar’s time a diftinft Colony dwelling in Bri- 
 tain. The words of the Panegyrift are thefe. 
 
 Ad hos NatiO etiam tme rudis, (yx foli Britanni 
 PiBis mode & Hibernis ajfueta bojlibus, adhuc femi- 
 nudis, facile Romanis armis fignijque ceffertmt, i. e. 
 
 In Csefar’s time, an undifeiplin’d Nation, the 
 Britains alone, a Nation that knew no Enemy 
 but the Pifts and Irifli, and a People half-naked, 
 were eafily put to flight by the Romans. The 
 
 argument drawn from hence by a learned Writer ^“chan. 1 . si 
 
 of the Scotch Nation, is, that the Panegyrift 
 fpeaks of the PiBs of the Britifh foyle i whereas it , 
 
 is evident that he there lays the comparifon be- • 
 
 tween the Viftories of Cafar and Conftantius^' ’ 
 in Britain, and gives the advantage to that of 
 Coiiftantius, in this refpeft among others, that 
 Cafar had none but the Britains to en- 
 counter j but Conftantius was to fight alfo a- 
 gainft a Roman Legion, and other foreign foldiers 
 that were drawn over to the fide of Caraujius 
 and AUeBus-, as it is fer forth in the very next 
 paragraph. And befides, if Eumenius had 
 meant the Britifh file, he would have faid foli 
 Britannici, and not Britanni i in the fame man- 
 ner that he faid in the fame Oration, ViBorid 
 Britannica i and in another, Britannica TrophaaE] 
 
 That 
 
 (a) Pihtas is common in the Saxon ? but Pehits I never obferved. (i_) Sec a more diftinft account of his EJeSkf* 
 and ASioasj given by Mr. Camden in the County of Southamitm, 
 
cxliii 
 
 The SCOTS. 
 
 cxliv 
 
 riSoneh That the ViBoms of Gatil were the fame na- 
 tion With our Pifts, I dare not, with Jtihcmnes 
 Picdrdm, believe ; feeing the name^PzSom was 
 very famous in Gaul, even in C^far s time J and 
 
 thefe of ours are no where exprefs’d by that 
 name: unlefs it be in one paffage of the Pane- 
 gyrift, where I know that PiHonunty by a flip 
 of the tranfcriber, is put for PiBorum. 
 
 THE 
 
 SCOTS. 
 
 H E place, among the Britifh 
 Nations, next to the PiBs^ is 
 in juftice due to the Scots : 
 But before I proceed (leftfome 
 fpiteful and ill-natur’d per- 
 fons fhould mifconftrue thofe 
 things for calumny, which 
 with all fincerity I have colleded out of ancient 
 Writers concerning them) I muft caution the 
 Reader, once for all, that every word is to be 
 underftood of the old, true, and genuine ScotSi 
 whofe pofterity are thofe that fpeak Irifli, pof- 
 feffing for a long way together that traft which 
 we now call the Weft part of Scotland and the 
 lilands thereabouts j and who are commonly 
 term’d Highland-men. For the more civilized 
 who inhabit the Eaftpart of the country, 
 though adopted into that name, are not really 
 Scots, but of the fame German original with us 
 Englifli. ThiSjthey cannot but comefs, andw'e 
 cannot but acknowledge they, as well as we, 
 being called by the Highlanders, Sajfones. Be- 
 fides, they fpeak the fame language, namely 
 the Saxon, with fome variation in Dialed only j 
 which is an infallible proof of the fame origi- 
 nal. In which regard, I am fo far from cafting 
 any reflection upon them, that I have always 
 loved them the more, as men of the fame blood 
 and extradion, and refpeded them highly, even 
 when the Kingdoms were diftind ; and now 
 much more, fmce by the good Providence of 
 God we are | united into one body, under one 
 Sovereign Head of England and Scotland j 
 w hich Union may the Almighty ever blefs, to 
 the happy, profperous, and peaceful ftate of 
 both nations. 
 
 See Biihop ^ original of the^Vofc/j nation, as well as its 
 
 U^he^s ^^ighbours, and the etymology of the name, are 
 guhat.Britan.{o wrapt up ill obfcurity, that even the fagacious 
 EccJef.cif, 1 Buchanan either did not difcover it, or only dif- 
 cover'd it to himfelf : for he has utterly fail’d the 
 expedation of the world in this point. Upon 
 which account, I have long forborn to enter the 
 lifts j not caring to play the fool, as others have 
 done, in admiring fables. For, one may as proba- 
 bly refer the original of Scotland to the Gods, 
 Scoia, Pha- as to Scota the fliam-daughter of Pharaoh 
 roah’s daugh- King of .^gypt, married to Gaithelus fon 
 of Cecrops the founder of Athens. But, as 
 this opinion is rejected by the ingenious among 
 the Scots themfelves, as a grofs ignorance in 
 Antiquity ; fo that other of a later date, ab- 
 furdly fetch’d from a Greek original, as if the 
 Scots were fo call’d qnaji ckoIioi, that is, ohfeure j 
 is alfo to be exploded, as fpightfully invented, 
 to the difhonour of a moft famous and warlike 
 nation. Nor is the opinion of our Florilegus, 
 that the Scots are fo called as fprung from a con- 
 fufed medley of nations, univerfally receiv’d. 
 In the mean rime, I cannot but admire, upon 
 what grounds Ifidore could fay, That the Scots in 
 Lib.g. e. 2. their own tongue have their name from their painted 
 
 + Under 
 James I, 
 
 bodies, becaufe they are marked by iron needles and 
 ink, with various figures. Which is alfo alledg’d 
 in the fame words by Rabanus Maurus, in his 
 Geography, to the Emperor Lodovkm Pirn ; to 
 be feen in Trinity-College Library at Oxford. 
 
 But feeing Scotland has thofe within her felf 
 W'ho are able to trace her Original from the 
 higheft fteps of Antiquity, to their own honour 
 and that of their Country, if they will but 
 heartily fet themfelves to it ; I will only point 
 out the Fountain from w'hence I conceive thefe 
 Truths are to be drawn, and offer fome things, 
 which I would have them diligently confider : 
 for in this point I protefs my felf a Sceptick. 
 
 Firft therefore of their original, and then of Ireland the 
 the place from whence they were tranfplanted Country of 
 into Ireland. For it is plain, that out of Ire-®^® 
 land (an Ifle peopled by the Britains, as fliall be 
 fhown in its proper place,) tliey came over into 
 Britain j and that they W'ere feated in Ireland, 
 when they firft became known to Writers by 
 that name. So Claudian, fpeaking of their in- 
 roads into Britain j 
 
 Totam cum Scorns f Hibernem \Umem, 
 
 Movit, tr infejie fpumavit remige Thetis. 
 
 When Scots came thundring from the Irifih 
 fhores, 
 
 And th’ ocean trembled ftruck with hoftile 
 
 In another place alfo, 
 
 S'cotorum cumulos flevit glacialis * Hiberne. i 
 
 And frozen Ireland moan’d the crowding 
 heaps 
 
 Of murther’d Scots.- . ■ 
 
 (This laft paffage is by a late learned Advo- 
 cate for the Antiquity of the Scots in Britain, 
 apply ’d, not to Ireland, but to Scotland, and to 
 Strathern a particular Province thereof, fo call’d 
 from the river Ern, from whence the Country 
 might be call’d leme. But this, however an 
 ingenious coujefture, feems to be inconfiftent 
 with that other pafl'age of Claudian, juft now 
 mention’d ; which plainly fuppofes the Scots to 
 be then in Ireland, and to crofs a Sea into Bri- 
 tain. And fo Buchanan himfelf underftands this 
 palfage of Claudian j and Gildas, where he 
 gives an account how the Scots infefted Britain, 
 fpeaks of their corning by jea, and carrying away 
 their prey beyond the jea, and fays, that the Ro- 
 man forces drove them trans maria, beyond the 
 Seas. Nor does it feem, by any means, to be 
 a fair folution of this difficulty, to fay that 
 thefe Seas were only the Friths, over which the 
 Scots pafs’d from one part of Scotland to ano- 
 ther. For altho’ it is true, that thefe Friths are 
 1 fometimes call’d Maria or Seas, yet they 
 I cannot 
 
cxlv 
 
 The SCOTS. 
 
 cxlvi 
 
 cannot be meant on this occafion, becaufe Gil- 
 das and Bede exprefsly tell us, “ That when the 
 “ Roman Legion firft defeated thePif?^ and 
 “ Scots, they commanded a wall to be built 
 “ between the two Seas to hinder their Incur- 
 “ fion” j which would have fev’d no end or 
 purpofe, if their former cuhom had been, to 
 crofs over the two Friths, and land on this fide 
 the Wall. So that the plain meaning mufl be, 
 that the Scots crofs’d the fea from Ireland, and 
 landing in the north-parts of Britain, jo,yn’d 
 the Pitis, and fo march’d towards the Wall, and, 
 as the fame Hihorians fay, pull’d the poor Bri- 
 tains from it with hooks, and forc’d their paf- 
 faoe into the Roman Province ; which had been 
 needlefs, if their way had been, to pafs over 
 the Friths, between which the Wall was built. 
 
 But to proceed.! Orofius likewife writes 
 Ireland is peopled by nations of the Scots. Agree- 
 able to which is that of Ilidore. Scotland and 
 Ireland are the fame : but it is called Scotland, be- 
 caufe it is peopled by nations of the Scots. Gildas 
 calls them Hibernos ^-affatores, Irifh. robbers. 
 Bede alfo, "The Scots, 'vsbo inhabit Ireland, an 
 iflnnd neyt to Britain. And fo in other places, 
 iiginhardus, who lived in the age of Charles 
 the Great, exprefsly calls Ireland, the IJland of 
 the Scots. Thus alfo Giraldus Cambrenfis, 
 ‘that the Scotch nation is the off-fpring of Ireland, is 
 fufficiently provd by the refemblance of Language^ and 
 Drefs, CCS well as of arms and cufioms, continu d to 
 this day. But now of the Points, which I had 
 to ofter, to be further conlidered by the Scots. 
 
 Since they who are the true genuine Scots, 
 
 ’ and name of Scots, but call themfelves 
 
 SaeL* Gaiotbel, Gael, and Albim and many People are 
 call’d by their neighbours after another name than 
 what they give themfelves, by which the firft 
 rife of nations is often traced ; (for inftance, 
 the people of the lov^ttPannonia, who call them- 
 felves Magier, are calPd by the Germans Hun- 
 gari, becaufe they were originally Hunns •, the 
 People bordering upon the foreft of Hercynia, 
 go by the name of- Cz,ecbi among themfelves, 
 whereas they are call’d by others Bohami, becaufe 
 they are the off-fpring of the Boii in Gaul ; the 
 Inhabitants of Africa, who have alfo a peculiar 
 name among themfelves, are call’d by the Spa- 
 niards Alarbes, becaufe they are Arabians ; the 
 Irifh, who call themfelves Erenach, are by our 
 Britains call’d ; and both the Irifh and 
 
 Britains give the Englifh no other name than 
 Saffon, becaufe we are defeended from the 
 Saxons :) Since thefe things are fo ; I defire it 
 may be enquir’d by the Scots, wdiethcr they 
 were not fo call’d by their neighbours, qudfi 
 Scytha. For, as the Low-Dutch call both Scythi- 
 ans and Scots by one nj^me, Scutten j fo it may be 
 obferv’d from the Britifh writers, that our Bri- 
 tains likewife called both of them T-Scot. Nin- 
 nius alfo exprefsly calls the Britifh inhabitants 
 of Ireland, Scytha, and Gildas calls that Sea 
 which they pafs’d over out of Ireland into Bri- 
 YaPls Scjthiea.x^xn, VaMs Scythica. For fo it is in the Paris 
 Edition, whereas other Editions abfurdly read 
 it Stytkha 'vallis. Again, King Alfred (who, 
 f Seven, C. f eight hundred years ago, turn’d Orolius’s Hi- 
 ftory into Saxon) tranflates Scots by the word 
 Scyttan ; and our own borderers on Scotland do 
 not call them Scots, but Scyttes and Scetts. For as 
 the fame people (fo Wallingham has it) are call’d 
 Jnhh HypO’ Getici, Gothi, Gothici j fo from one and 
 
 ’gma. Jizwe original come Scythx, Scitici, Scoti, 
 
 Scotici. 
 
 But whether the name was given that nation 
 by the neighbours, on account of its Scythian 
 manners, or becaufe they came from Scythia ; is 
 what I would have them confider in the next 
 
 place. Vov Diodorus Siculus ‘dndi Strabo exprefsly 6* _ 
 compare thofe Britains, who were the original'^*^®^°» 
 Inhabitants of Ireland (the true native country 
 of the Scots) to the Scythians, in point of barba- 
 rity. Belides, they dj'ink the blood out of the 
 wounds of the flain, they ratifie their leagues 
 with mutual draughts of blood, and thew^ild 
 Irifh and thofe w'ho are true Scots think their 
 honour greater or lefs, in proportion to the 
 numbers they, h^ve flain •, as the Scythians here- 
 tofore did. Farther, it is obfervable, that the 
 main weapons among the Scots, as welUs among 
 the Scythians, were bows and arrbw'S. For 
 Orpheus calls the Scythians to^ofo'fsir, as .^Elian 
 and Julius Pollux, Saghtarii, Archers ; and upon 
 this, the learned are of opinion that both na- 
 tions took that name from their skill in JImting. 
 
 Nor is it ftrange, that feveral nations fhould 
 take the fame name, from the fame Cuftoms ; 
 fince thofe who have travell’d the Weft-Indies, 
 tell us, that their ftout men who ufe bows and 
 arrows, are call’d all over India andthelflands^^^^^^^^ 
 about it, by the common name of Caribes, tho Ben^o, Hb. 2, 
 they are of feveral nations. 
 
 But that the Scots came from Scythia,xhQ Irifh 
 Hiftorians themfelves relate j for they reckon 
 Nemetlms the Scythian, and long after, Dela (de- 
 feended from the poftcrityof Nemethus, or, in 
 other words, of Scythian extradion) among the 
 firft inhabitants of Ireland. Ninnius alfo, Eluo- 
 ... gus^ Scholar, exprefsly writes thus ; In the 
 fourth age of the world (the fpace between the 
 building of the Temple and the Babylonifh 
 Captivity) the Scythians pojfefs’d themfelves of Ire- 
 land. Agreeable to this, is the authority of 
 modern writers ; of Cifner in his Preface to 
 CrantTiim', and of Reinerm Reineccius, who fays,ro«?. x. p. 37, 
 "Theye remains a nation of the Scots in Britain, de- 
 fended from the Scythians. fAnd a late learned « 
 
 Irifti Antiquary declares, That it appears 
 all their ancient Records, that they had their * 
 original from the i’cyf/jxiJKx ; obferving alfo, that Orig. Brit, 
 a part of their Country in their own language Prsf.p. 37, 
 is called Goethluighe, i. e. Gothland, from the 
 Goths or Scythians who took pollcffion of it.l Yet 
 I much queftion, notwithftanding the Getes were 
 a Scythick nation, whether Propertius means 
 our Irifh, when he fays, 
 
 Bibernique Geta, Picloque Britannia curru. 
 
 And Irifh Getes, and Britifh foes that ride ' 
 
 In painted Chariots - ■■ ■ ■ 
 
 But perhaps the honour of the Scots is not to whclice 
 be fav’d in this point, unlefs they be 
 Q 6 .i.Tom. Spain iiVio Ireland: For this, both they 
 and their Hiftorians do as zealoufly contend for, 
 as if their lives and liberties w^ere at ftake and ^ 
 
 indeed not without fome reafon. And there- m 
 fore all this is but loft labour, if there are no P 
 Scythians to be found in Spain. But that there 
 W'ere Scythians in Spain (not to mention the 
 Promontory among the Cantabri, called Scythi- 
 cum, next to Ireland', nor what Strabo wntes, 
 that i\\Q. Cantabri were like x\iQ_^Scythians in man- 
 ners and barbarity,) is clear from Silius Italicus, 
 who was born in Spain. For that the Cancani, Oncam. 
 a nation of Cantabria, were the off-fpring of the 
 Majfageta, i. e. the Scythians, appears by this 
 verfe of his 
 
 Et qua Maffagetem monjirans feritate parentem^- itaj, 
 Cornipedis fufa fatiaris Concanevena. ^ * 3 * 
 
 Concans, that fhow themfelv es of Scythian ^rain. 
 
 And horfe’s blood drink from the recking vein. 
 
 r Some 
 
The SCOTS. 
 
 cxlvii 
 
 cxlviii 
 
 Some few lines after, he informs us that the 
 Sarmatx (^vilo are granted by all to be Scythians) 
 built Sufana, a City of S^ain j 
 
 Sarmaticos attollens Sufana muros. 
 
 Sufoiii that rears her proud Sarmatian 
 
 Lucent. From thefe Sarmata or Scythians^ the Lticeniy 
 whom Orofius places in Ireland, feem to be 
 dcfceiided' Cfeeing Sufana is reckon’d by the 
 Spaniards themfelves among the Lucenjii ;) as 
 likewife the Gangani of Ireland, from thefe 
 Concant. For the Lucenfii ciwd Concani among the 
 Cantabrif were neighbours ; as the Lucent and 
 Gangani w ere, on the coaft of Ireland ■which 
 lies tow'ards Spain. If anyoneftart thequefti- 
 on, What Scythians thefe were that came into 
 Spain ? I can fay notJiing to it, unlefs you al- 
 low them to have been Germans. And Iwdfh, 
 the Scots themfelves -w'ould confider this point. 
 Germars in Xhat the Germans formerly enter’d Spain (not 
 Spain. authority of Pliny, who calls the Ore- 
 
 tani of Spain, Germans,) Seneca, who was him- 
 De Ccnful. felf a Spaniard, will fhew us. 'The Pyrenees, 
 ad_ Albin. (fays Hej did ' not Jlop the pajfage of the Germans ; 
 X?^ 4 . Lrvity of human nature fore* d it felf through 
 
 thefe impajfable and unknown vsays. And that the 
 Germans were called Scythians, may not only be 
 gather’d from Ephorus and 6’ira^o, who call all the 
 nations tow'ards the north Scythians ; but alfo 
 from Pliny. The name of Scythian (fays he) is eojery 
 where ufed among the Sarmata and Germans. 
 Aventinus is my witnefs, that the Germans 
 were call’d Scytha and Scythula by the Hunga- 
 rians. Now, to derive their Original from 
 the Scythians, can be no way difhonourable, 
 fince they are not only a molt ancient people, 
 but have conquer’d many other nations ; have 
 been invincible themfelveSj and free from any 
 foreign yoke. 1 mult not omit, that the Cauci 
 and Menapii (who were reckon’d among the 
 moft famous nations in Germany) are placed 
 by Ptolemy, under the fame names and at the 
 fathe diflance, in Ireland; which makes it pro- 
 bable, that they had both Name and Original 
 from the Germans. 
 
 Vajfxus, ^tots are not defeended from thefe ; I 
 
 w'ould have them confider, whether they are 
 not the otf-fpring of thofe Barbarians, who 
 were driven out of GaUcecia in Spain by Con- 
 Ifantinc the Great, according to the Chronicle 
 of King Alphonfus. For it is from thofe parts, 
 that they "would have themfelves tranfplaiited 
 into Ireland. If they examin who thefe Bar- 
 barians were ; I doubt not, but they will agree 
 with me, that they were Germans. For in the 
 reign ot GaUienus, Orolius fays, that the more 
 f Abrafa. '•'emote Germans pojfefsd thanfelves of Spain f then 
 ■wafled ; and -svho could thefe remote Germans 
 be, but the Scythians? But Aurelius yiSior, 
 publifhed by Andreas Schottus, calls thofe 
 Germans, Franks. Yet, feeing thefe FVaKib and 
 the remoter Germans failing out of Germany, 
 were carry’d by firefs df -weather a long way 
 into the Ocean, and, as Nazarius fays to Con- 
 ftantine, intelled the Spanifti coafls all along 
 our Teas ; w'ho can believe that they left Ireland 
 (a moft fruitful Ifland, and excellently fituated 
 for Defeents into Spain) for the dry barren foil 
 *C<tntahrix. of* Bifcay? Nay rather, as the Norwegians 
 from Scandia, in the time of Charlemain and 
 after, often invaded Ireland and got footing 
 there; fowe may probably imagin that former- 
 ly the Franks did the fame, and that they 
 fi'om thence into Spain; and, being 
 iJrojius, lib. 7 , driven out there by Conftantine theGreat, return’d 
 to Ireland. It is alfo likely, that more of them 
 
 afterwards went thither ; as w^ell when the 
 Vandals and Goths made thofe terrible de- 
 vaftations in Spain, and the barbarians were at 
 war among themfelves, and kill’d and plunder'd 
 one another ; as when theinvafions of the Saracens 
 gaul’d the Spaniards, and drove many of them 
 into Gallitia and Cantabria. But let others clear 
 thefe matters ; it is enough for me, that I liave 
 fhown my willingnefs to remove the cloud. 
 
 The next (^ery I would oiler to them, is, 
 how it comes to pafs, that the Irifh (the An- 
 ceftors of the Scots) and the Scots themfelves, 
 glory in the name Gael and Gaiothel ; and that 
 their language is call’d Gaiothlar, and why they 
 nam’d that part of Britain where they firft 
 fettled, Argathel ? From what original can they 
 derive thele names? From the GaSceci in Spain, 
 many of whom doubtlefs fhifted into Ireland; 
 and whofe original is to be fetch’d from the 
 Gallati or Gauls ? or from the Goths, as fome 
 moderns are of opinion, w’ho "w ould deduce the 
 word Gaiothel (as Crthalonia in Spain) from the 
 Goths ? Here, they AviJl naturally feek for proofs, 
 in fome refemblances between the Gothick 
 language, and that of the Irifh ; which yet has no 
 congruity with any other language of Europe that 
 lean find, but only rheBritifh and the German. 
 
 How true that of Huntington may be ; The Scots 
 came from Spain to Ireland in the fourth age of the 
 world ; and part of them fiiU remain belnnd, and 
 fpeak the fame language, and are called Navarri ; I 
 lay, how true this paflage is, let others judge. 
 
 I take no notice of Darvid Chambres, a Scotch- 
 man, who was informed by the Jefuits, that 
 the Scotch language is fpoken in the Eaft-Indies. 
 
 I am afraid, the diftance of that country might 
 prompt the credulous man to take the liberty of 
 telling a lye w hich he never made. 
 
 It arguments may be dra"wnfromiX3iifj; "W^eGoths and 
 lhall find the fame drefs and apparel among the Highlanders 
 Highlanders ot Scotland, that was formerly 
 by the Goths ; as appears by Sidonius, who in 
 his defeription of a Goth, has given you the 
 pifture of a Scotch Highlander. They fhine (fays 
 he) * with yellow ; tlsey cover their feet m high cm * CrocK 
 tire ancle with hairy untannd leather ; Their knees, 
 legs, and calves, are all bare. Their garment is 
 high, clofe, and of fundry colours, hardly reaching 
 down to their hams. Tireir fleeves only cover t the'^ 
 root of their arms. T/reir inner coat is green, 
 edged with red fringe. Their belts hang down from 
 the fhoulder. The lappets of their ears are covered 
 with * Locks of hair hanging over them (for fo the * FlagcSiu 
 many feparate twifts in the hair of the Scotch 
 and Irifh, are properly call’d.) Their Arms are 
 hooked Spears (which Gildas terms uncinata tela) 
 and II hatchets to fling. They wore alfo Jirait-bodiedW Stcurihu 
 coats (yssForphyTy iays) without girdles. Whether 
 this is not the very habit of the Irifh-Scots, lArtc Pwt. 
 appeal to themfelves. I would alfo have them 
 confider this paflage of Giraldus Cambrenfis in 
 his firft Book Of the Infiitution of a Prince : When 
 Maximus pafs'd out of Britain into Gaul to poffefs 
 himfelf of the Empire, with the whole firength of men, 
 and arms, that the Ifland could raife ; Grattan 
 and Valentinian, brothers and partners in the Empire, 
 fhipp’d over the Goths {a nation hardy and valiant, 
 being at tlnu time either their allies, or fubjeEls, and 
 Jecur d to their Interefi by fome Imperial favours) from 
 the borders of Scythia, into the north parts of Bri- 
 tain, in order to annoy the Inhabitants, and make 
 them recall the ufurper with their Toutk. But being 
 too powerful for them, both by the natural valour of 
 the Goths, and by finding the Ifland defiitute of their 
 wonted ftrenph ; of Invaders they became Inhabitants, 
 and poffefs d themfelves of no fmall territories in the 
 north parts of the Ifland. But who thefe Goths 
 vere (unlefs you allow them to be Scots) others 
 
 muft 
 
cxlix 
 
 The SCOTS. 
 
 cl 
 
 Lib. 2. 
 
 Bello Gotho- 
 
 ■f Farem 
 graUam. 
 
 Lib. cap, 
 25 * 
 
 XevmuA 
 
 Lenmius, 
 
 Diodorus 
 
 Siiuhis, 
 
 Under the 
 year 77. 
 Scot. 
 
 Alma ns. 
 Agathias, 
 
 1 . 1. 
 
 When the 
 Scots came 
 into Britain, 
 
 G. Buchanan, 
 
 H. Lliuidus. 
 
 muftfind out^ and perhaps they may have fome 
 lic^ht from Procopius, where Belifarius anfwers 
 the Goths, expoftulating why they had granted 
 Sicily to the Romans, in thefe words j We per- 
 ■ mit the Goths likewife to have Britain {a much 
 more excellent Country than Sicily') heretofore conquer d 
 by the Romans. For it is.but reafon, that they who 
 have beftow’dfavoursy foould receive | equal thanks, 
 or an equal return oj kindnefs. To this head alfo 
 we may probably, refer what the Scots ^^'rite of 
 Fer^Jius the Scot ; how he was a companion of 
 Alarick the Goth at the facking of Rome : 
 And what Irenkus tells us of Genfricus Kiug of 
 the Vandals going over to Scotland and Britain ; 
 and what Cambrenfts (wherever he had it) re- 
 lates of the Gaideli or Scots, deriving not only 
 tlieir name, but their original, Irom ih^Vandals j 
 who (as P. Diaconus informs us) were the fame 
 with the Goths. Nor is it to be thought any 
 diminution of the glory of the Scots, to own 
 themfelves the progeny of the Goths ; when 
 the moft potent Kings of Spain value themfelves 
 upon that extraftion j and the greateft of the 
 Italian Nobility either do in truth derive their 
 pedigree from the Goths, or at leaft pretend it. 
 And the Emperor Charles the fifth was wont 
 to fay, that all the Nobility of Europe were 
 derived from Scandia and the Goths. However, 
 all this weighs not fo much with me, as to 
 make me believe that the Scots are the oft- 
 fpring of the Goths. 
 
 In fhort, I would have the learned part of 
 the Scots confider, whether they are not de- 
 fended from the old Britifh Inhabitants of Ire- 
 land (for it is certain, that the Britijh formerly 
 inhabited Ireland j) and whether they were not 
 call’d Scytha or Scoti, becaufe they were like the 
 Scythians in manners, or becaufe they were the 
 real Scythians that came out of Scandia or Scy- 
 thia, to whom the Gal/ceci, Franks, or Germans 
 (being driven out of Spain) and alfo the Goths 
 or Vandals, joined themfelves, when Spain was 
 imbroii’d in a bloody war j or elfe, that medley of 
 people that flock’d into Ireland, and thereupon 
 took the name from their Neighbours. F'he 
 language of the Irifh (faith Giraldus) is called 
 Gaidelach, being as it were a compound of all 
 other languages. And Florilegus, whencefoever 
 he takes it j ‘The Scots have their Original from the 
 PiSls and Irifh, as being made up of feveral na- 
 tions. For that is called Scot, which is a mafs of 
 feveral things. I'hus the Almcms (according to 
 Afinius Quadratus) went by that name, be- 
 caufe they fprung from a medley of People. 
 Neither can it feem ftrange, that fo many na- 
 tions fliould formerly crowd into Ireland fee- 
 ing that Ifland lies in the center between Bri- 
 tain and Spain, and very commodious for the 
 French-Seas ; and in thefe eight hundred years 
 laft paft, it is clear from our Hiflories, that 
 many Norwegians, and Oufltnans from Germany j 
 and Englilh, Welfh, and Scots out of Britain, 
 have planted and fettled themfelves there. 
 
 This is the fum of what I would defire the 
 Scots to conlidcr. In the mean rime, let them 
 remember that I have afferted nothing, but only 
 hinted - fome things, which may feem pertinent 
 to this enquiry. If all this give no light to the 
 original of the Scots, they muft apply them- 
 fclvcs for it elfewhere, for I am perfe£fly in the 
 dark in this point; and have purfu’d the truth 
 (which has fl:iJl fled me) with much labour to 
 little purpofe ; however, I hope nothing has 
 been faid, that can reafonably give offence. 
 
 Concerning the time when the name of Scots 
 was firfl: known in the world, there is alfo 
 i|fome difficulty j and upon this very point 
 frey Lhuid is attack’d by Buchanan, the bell of 
 
 Antiquaries by the befl: of Poets. For Lhuid 
 having faid that the name of Scoti was not to 
 be found in any Author before Confiantine the 
 Great, Buchanan flies upon him with all the 
 violence imaginable, and tries to difpatch him 
 with two petty arguments ; the one drawn from 
 aPanegyrift, the other from his own conjefture. 
 
 Becaufe an old Panegyrifl; fays, that Britain in 
 C^far’s time was iiifefted by enemies from Ire- 
 land; by confequence (forfooth,) the Scots at 
 that time muft be planted in Britain : whereas 
 none ever faid before, that thofe Irifh had then 
 any fettleraent at all, much Icfs that they were 
 Scots. ThePanegyrift, without queftion (as is 
 ufual with Writers) had his eye upon his own 
 times, and not upon Csfar’s. As for the Con- 
 jedhire, it is not his own, but the learned^^i^p^ 
 
 Scaligers. For, in his notes upon Propertius, See before, 
 where he is, by the way, reftoring that place P* hx. 
 of Seneca to tlie true Reading, 
 
 Ille Britannos 
 Ultra noti 
 Littora ponti 
 Ft caruleos 
 Scuta Brigantes 
 Dare Romuleis 
 CoUa Cathenis 
 fuffit, tXc. 
 
 He puts it Scotobrigantes', and then cries out, 
 that the Scots are indebted to him for the dif- 
 covery of their original. For my part, I am 
 forry I cannot fecond this opinion, having ever 
 honour’d him upon many accounts, and been a 
 great admirer of his learning. But this con- 
 jedure is not the produft of Copies, but of his 
 ow’n fancy, and the fenfe will bear either Read- 
 ing, caruleos feuta Brigantes as a.11 the Copies have 
 it, or Caruleos cute Brigantes, as the learned Hadr. 
 funim reads it. Yet Buchanan (chufing rather 
 to pleale himfelf with his own and other men’s 
 fancies, than to clofe with the common and 
 true Reading) cries up this conjedure to the 
 skies. Firft, becaufe Authors do not inform 
 us, that the Britains painted their Ihields. 
 
 Secondly, that Seneca faid Scoto-Brigantes, to di- 
 ftinguifh them from the Brigantes of Spain and 
 Ireland. Laftly, becaufe in this verfe he fepa- 
 ; rates the Britains and the Brigantes, as difterent 
 nations. But if one may have leave to difpute 
 this point with him; what fhould hinder them, 
 from painting their fhields, who painted them- 
 felves and their chariots? What need was there 
 to coin the new word Scoto-Brigantes for di- 
 ftindion’s fake ? When he calls them Caruleos, 
 and fays they were fubdu’d by Claudim, does not 
 this fufficiently diftinguifh. them from the other 
 Brigantes ? That obfervation, of the Britains 
 and Brigantes, different nations, does not look 
 like the Poet; who could never be ignorant of 
 the poetical Liberty of expreffing the whole by 
 a part. Since then thefe pleas will not hold, I 
 will reinforce Buchanan with a fupply from 
 Egejtppm, who is commonly thought very an- 
 cient. For where he treats of the greatnefs of 
 the Romans, he fays ; * Scotland f wltich owes no-* e. Ire- 
 thing to other Countries, dreads them', and fo i/ocjland. hb. 5 , 
 Saxony, inaccejfihle by reafonof its bogs. But 
 this will not come up to the point neither; for 
 he liv’d fince Conftantine, as appears by his‘ 6 wn^«/ta». £ri~ 
 Writings; nor docs this make any more for the 
 Scots living in Britain, than that verfe of P' 329* 
 
 donius w’hicli we cited but now'. A more 
 weighty reafon than all this, is that which the 
 famous and learned J. Craigs, after a nice En- 
 quiry, has ftarted, out of yofephm Ben-Gorion 
 concerning the deftruflion of Jerufalem ; that in 
 
 the 
 
cli 
 
 The SCOTS. 
 
 the Hebretv copy they are exprefsly call d Scots, 
 vhomMiinftcr in Ids latin ttanllation talQy calls 
 Britams linllead of San. But I have not yet 
 found, in what age this Ben-Gorhn liv’d. It is 
 plain, ho lived fince Flavius Jofefhus, feeing he 
 m.akes mention of the Fnanks, 
 
 If I may engage fo many great men in this 
 controverfy : As far as I have obferved, the 
 Hrft mention of the Scotch n-ation in any Au- 
 thor, is in the reign of Aurelian. ForPorpny-. 
 ry, who then wrote againit the Chriftians, 
 takes notice of them in thefe words, as 
 Ag.iin» the S. Hierom tells us. Nor has Britain (a frovince 
 Pelagians, in T'yrants) nor the Scotch nations, nor any 
 
 Ctejipkon. barbarous nations all around to the wry 
 
 Ocean, heard of Mofes and the Prophets. At \\h ich 
 time alfo, or a little before, Antiquaries _ob- 
 ferre that the names of thofe mighty nations 
 t\\Q Franks and Almans, were firft heard of, in 
 the reign of Galiienus. The opinion therefore 
 of feme Authors is not grounded upon good 
 authority, I'hat the Name and Kingdom of the 
 Scots, flourifli’din Britain many ages before the 
 birth of Chrift. Rather take the. time of it 
 from Giraldus. When NeHus the Great reigned in 
 Ireland, the fin fons of Muredus King of Ulfier 
 poJJ'efs'd the north parts of Brimin. So, from thefe 
 a nation was propagated, and caltdhy a peculiar name 
 Scotland, which inhabits that comer even to tins day. 
 But that this happen’d about the time when 
 the Roman Empire fell to decay, is thus in- 
 ferrU While Lagerim fon of this Nellus reign’d 
 in Ireland, Pawkk the Irifh Apoftle came thi- 
 ther ; it being then about the year 430 aftp the 
 birth of Chriit. So that this feems to fall a- 
 bout the time of the Emperor Honorim. For, 
 whereas before, they liv’d after a rambling 
 manner without any Hxed abode, as Ammianus 
 tells us, and had long infefted Britain and the 
 marches tbereoj ; then they feera to have fettled 
 T\\q Liher themfelves in Britain. But they would have it, 
 Fajletenfis return’d from Ireland, whither 
 
 turn *unL7' withdrawn themfelves when routed 
 
 th^yeTr 404.by the Romans and Britains ; and they take 
 this paflage of Gildas to be meant of that 
 time ; The Irif) robbers return home, with dejign to 
 tome back again portly. About this time, Reuda, 
 mention’d by Bede, is thought by fome to have 
 fettled in this Illand, upon a winding of the 
 River Cluid northward, cither as a Conqueror 
 or Confederate. From this Captain (fays he) 
 Sede, 1 . 1, they are called Dalreiidini to this day : for in their 
 tongue dal fignifies a pan ; and from this Reuda it 
 is (as others think) that we call them Redjhanks. 
 It is thought alfo, that Simon Brech (whom the 
 Scots affirm to have been the founder of their 
 nation) flourifh’d about that time. The true 
 name of him yrccs Sinbrech, that is, freckled Sin, 
 as w e read in Fordon } perhaps the very fame 
 BrichuSfWbo about the age of S. Patrick infefted 
 Britain, with Ttmibaim, Macleim and Aufpacni, 
 ail Scots ; as we read in the life of S. Carantociis. 
 But lince the Scots who live in Britain, call 
 jnhan and the Country which they inhabit and Albin, 
 Aibin, and the Irifh themfelves call it AUabany ', it may 
 be no abfurd enc^uiry, whether this AUabany may 
 not have fome remains of the old name Albion j 
 or whether it may not be from Albedo white- 
 nefs (which they call Ban^ fo as EUanban may 
 be in Scotch, awhite Iflandi or whether it might 
 not come from Ireland, which is call’d by their 
 Poets Banno, and fo AUabany fignify another Ire- 
 land, or a fecond Ireland. For Hiftorians call 
 Ireland Scotia Major, and the kingdom of the 
 
 clii 
 
 Scots in Britain Scotia Minor. Moreover, feeing 
 the Scots call themfelves in their own language 
 
 (wfoence Blondus has named Scoti A\bin and 
 Albienfes or Albineufes, and Buchanan Albini,)Minuu 
 let the Criticks conlider, , whether that of 
 S. Jerom, where he inveighs againft a certain 
 Pelagian, a Scotch-man, fhould not be read 
 Albinum for Alpinum ', He calls him. An Alpine^r\ Alpine 
 Dog, huge and corpulent, who can do more mifchiej^°i>' 
 with his heels than with his teeth, for he is the of- 
 firing of the Scotch nation bordering upon tyrology xj’ 
 
 And he fays in another place, he was over-Jiuff'd Se^t. is call'd 
 with Scotch Ifourmetio. I do not remember x.bo .1 AlbiHus. 
 
 I e\’er read of Alpine Dogs j but that the (a) + 
 
 Scotch Dogs were then famous at Rome, appears - , 
 
 from Symmachus. Seven Seotch Dogs (fays 
 were fo admired at Rome * the day before the Plays, * pralufm jf ’ 
 that they thought them brought over in iron-cages. die* 
 
 After the Scots (i) were come into Britain,! to 
 the Pi»h:s ; though they annoy’d the Britains 
 with continual skirmifhes and ravages, yet tlie 
 Scotch kingdom came not immediately to it’s 
 growth, but they continu’d a long time in the 
 corner where they lirft arriv’d : nor did they 
 (as Bede fays) for the fpace of one hundred andz/i. i, c. ult, 
 twenty feven years or thereabouts, take the 
 field againft: the petty kings of Northumber- 
 land ; till at the fame time they had well-nigh 
 routed the Pifts, and the kingdom of Nor- 
 thumberland was utterly deftroyed, by Civil 
 wars and the invafion of the Danes. Then, 
 
 .all the north part of Britain fell under the name 
 of Scotland, together with that hither-country 
 on this fide tha Cluid a.nd Edinburgh Frith. For, Bedci, 
 that this W'as part of the kingdom of Nor- 
 thumberland, and in the pofl'effion of the Saxons, 
 is univerfally agreed. Whereby it comes to 
 pafs, that all the inhabitants of the Eaft part 
 of Scotland (called Lowland-men, as living Lowj ■ 
 are originally Saxons, and fpeak Englifli. But 
 fuch as live toward the Weft (called Highland- 
 men, from their high fituation) are real Scots 
 and fpeak Irifh, as we obferv’d before i being 
 mortal enemies to thofe Lowlanders who fpeak 
 Englifh. 
 
 That the Attacotti, a warlike nation, did in- Attacouh 
 feft Britain, along with the Scots we have the 
 authority of Ammianus Marcellinus : and, that 
 thefe were part of the Scotch nation, is the o- 
 pinion of H. Lhuid', how true I know nor. Sr.x. 2. muo 
 Jerom exprelly calls them a Britijh People *. 
 
 Who tells us, that when he was young (proba- 
 bly in the time of the Emperor Julian) he faw in 
 France the Attacotti a Britijh People, jeeding upon 
 mans flejh and that when they found in the woods, 
 droves oj bogs, and herds of beajls or Jheep, they 
 us’d to cut of the buttocks of the herdfmen, and the 
 paps of the women, and look upon thefe as the rkheft 
 dainties. For we are to read it Attacotti, upon 
 the authority of Manuferipts, and not Scoti 
 with Erafmus ; who at the fame time owns the 
 place to be faulty. Though I muft confefs, in 
 one Manufeript it is Attigotti, in another vfneentius in 
 
 cotti, and in a third Cattiti. But of the Scots it his Speculum 
 cannot be underftood ; as it commonly is ; foryeads it AtU‘ 
 ^erom in that place, fpeaking of the Cuftoms J^^^thlcus’s 
 feveral nations, begins the fentence immediately Geography 
 following, thus. The Scotch nation has m wives belong- they arc read 
 ing to particular men, &c. And in another place, 
 where he mentions the Attacotti, Erafmus puts-"'" 
 in the room of it Az,oti. Thefe (as we learn 
 from the Notitia) were Stipendiaries, in the de- 
 cline of the Roman Empire. For they are 
 mention^ among the Palatine-Aids in Gaul, 
 
 Attecotti 
 
 (a) Of what great value the Dogs were, fee at Urge in ffamjhire. 
 
 (b) Of the firft coming of the Scots into fee Stillingfiect’s Qrig.Brhann,f.2'io, 
 
The English-Saxons, 
 
 cliv 
 
 cliii 
 
 ^mhrones. 
 
 * yimbrones 
 
 Atteconi jimiores GalHcanit and Attecotti Honoriani 
 Senioresi and in Italy, Attecotti Honoriani juniores. 
 By this addition of Honoriani^ they feem to have 
 been forae of thofe Barbarians with whom Ho- 
 norius the Emperor made a League, and lifted 
 them in his armyi not without great damage 
 to the Empire. 
 
 Among the nations which made incurfions 
 into Britain, the Ambrones are reckon^ by ^ohn 
 Caim (one, who has employ’d his rime to ex- 
 cellent purpofes, and to v hom the Common- 
 wealth of Letters is extreamly indebted j) and 
 he does it upon the Authority of thefe words of 
 Gildas where he treats of the PiSis and Scots. 
 'Thofe former enemies, lih fo many * ravenous vsolves, 
 
 \ enragd viith hunger and thirfi, leaping over the 
 fheep-flds, and the Jhepherd not appearing ; carried 
 with the wings of oars, the arms of rowers, and fails 
 driven forward by the winds', break through, and 
 butcher all they come near. Here, the good old 
 man remembered that he had read in Fedus, 
 how the Ambrones fwarm’d into Italy along with 
 the Cimbriansi but then he had forgot that 
 Ambro (as Ifidore obferves) fignifies a Devourer • 
 And neither (x//dtw,nor Geoffrey of Monmouth (yjh^ 
 alfo calls the Saxons Ambrones) ufe the w'ord in 
 any other fenfe. Nor have I found in ancient 
 Authors, that any other Ambrones did ever in- 
 vade Britain. 
 
 THE 
 
 ENGLISH -SAXONS. 
 
 * Call’d alfo 
 Cuortigern. 
 
 HEN the Roman Empire,un- 
 der Valentinian the younger, 
 was declining apace ; &\\<iBri- 
 tain, both (a) robb’d of her 
 abl^ men by frequent levies, 
 and abandon’d by the Roman 
 garrifons, was not in a condition to withftand 
 the incurfions of the PiiSs and Scots : * Vor- 
 tigern (who either was conftiruted Gene- 
 ral by the BritainSj or, as fome think, 
 ufurp’d that title) (b) in order to confirm his 
 government, and recover the finking State, 
 lends for the Saxons out of Germany to his re- 
 lief. He WM, (fays Ninnius) apprehenftve of 
 danger from thePiEls and Scots, (c) from the Roman 
 power, and from Aurelius Ambrofim. TheSaxons, 
 immediately, under the command of Hengift 
 and Horfa, (d) arriv’d in Britain with their 
 Ciules {e), (for fo they call’d their flat-bottom’d 
 boats or pinnaces,) and, by their fuccefs againft 
 the Scots and Fids in two feveral engagements, 
 rais’d their reputation confiderably. And be- 
 caufe the Britains did abfolutely depend upon 
 their Valour, they fent for frelli lupplies out of 
 Germany, partly to man the frontier garrifons, 
 and partly to annoy the enemy by fea. Guorti- 
 gem (fays Ninnius) at the injlance oj Hengift, 
 fent for OBha and Ebiffa to come to hU aid ; and 
 they, with forty of their Ciules, failing round the 
 Piiiifh codfts, wafted the Orcades, and pojfefs’ d them- 
 \ Trans mare felves of a great many Iflands and countries t beyond 
 Freficum. the Frith, 06 far as the borders of the PiSls. At 
 length, being mightily pleas’d with the lands, 
 the way of living, and the plenty of Britain, 
 
 and building upon the cowardice of the na* 
 tives ; under pretence of ill pay and fhort diet, 
 they enter into a league with the PiCts, raife a 
 moft bloody war againft their Entertainers the 
 Britains, put the poor frighted Inhabitants 
 in all parts to the fword, wafte their lands, raze 
 their cities j and after many turns and changes 
 in their feveral battles with Aurelius Ambrolius Aurelius A 
 (who had taken upon him the government, (f) broiius j by 
 in the adminiftration whereof his parents had 
 loft their lives) and with the (g) warlike Arthur j Ambrojius 
 at length they difpolTefs the Britains of the beft ’ 
 
 part of the Ifland, their hereditary eftates. At 
 which time (in a word) the miferable natives 
 fuft'er’d whatever the Conqueror could inflid, or 
 the Conquer’d fear. For auxiliary troops flock- 
 ing daily out of Germany, ftill engag’d the 
 harrafs’d Britains afrefli : fuch were the Saxons, 
 the futes (for that is their right name, notVites) 
 and the Angles. They were indeed, ftridly 
 fpeaking, diftinguifh’d by thefe names but 
 yet proraifcuoufly call’d Angles and Saxons. But 
 let us now treat fevcrally and briefly of each , 
 that, as far as is poflible, we may difcover the 
 originals of our own nation. 
 
 Only, I muft firft fet dow'ii what IVitichindm^ 
 a Saxon born, and an ancient w'riter, has left 
 us concerning the coming over of the Saxons. 
 
 Britain, having been long before reduced into the 
 form of a Province by Vefpajian the Emperor, and 
 ftourifFd a great while under the proteEiion of the 
 Romans', was at laft invaded by the neigh- 
 bouring nations, as feeming to be abandoned by 
 the Roman aids. For the Romans, after 
 u Martian 
 
 (a) It was mod of all exbaufled by the proceedings of Maximus ^ who, being fet up Emperor by the foldiery in 
 Britain, to fccure himfelf againft Gratian and Valentinian, carried over the flovverof the Britains, and would roc 
 let them return home. See Ninnius, cap. 23. Stillingfl. Orig, Brit. p. 288. 
 
 (b) Not fo much againft the Sms and Fills, as bis own Subjefts. For tho’ thofe northern nations did (no doubt^ 
 very much terrifie him ; yet he had more teafon to be jealous of the Britains themfelves, if what Gildas tell us be- true, 
 that, in the confufion they were left, they fet up Kings and quickly dethroned them, advancing wcrfe to that dignity. 
 
 (^c) This muft be meant of the Roman party left in 'the tfland, who might be fuppos’d to have a greater refpefl 
 for Ambrofius. For the Northern nations, breaking in upon Rome at that time, did fo effciftually divert that nation, 
 that no harm could be fear’d from thofe parts. 
 
 (d) See Bilhop Ulher’s Antiquit. Britann. p, 207, iSe. . i v 
 
 \e) I rather think it was a general name for their Jhips. For Williarh of Malmesbury, defcribing their coming, 
 fays, they brought three Ciules, which the Saxon Annals exprefs by Scipas. And it is a word too, very commonly 
 made ufe of in the names of men, which generally con lifted of fomething fublime, and nevet ol diminutives. Unlefs 
 thefe were their pirating vcflels; for then, we need not wonder tl»« they pafs’d into the names of men, lince 
 
 piracies were the peculiar talent and glory of that nation. 
 
 (f) Probably murder’d by their own fubjcifts; according to Gildas’s charafter of their behaviour at that time. 
 
 (g) How far the Britilh Hiftory of Arthur may be admitted; See StillingBeet’s Orig. Britan, p. 335r 
 Ufticr.Primord, p, 61, &c. 
 
civ 
 
 The English- Saxons. clvi 
 
 * In the text * Martian the Emperor was murder d by the foldiers, 
 Mariiaiu ; ^^re heavily anno/d with foreign wars, and fo were 
 p®r not able tofurnifh their allies with aids, as they had 
 jormerly done. However, before they quitted the na- 
 anus, tion, they built a large wall for it s defence, running 
 along the borders thereof from fea to fea, where they 
 imagin’d the enemy would make their Inroads. But 
 after a foft and laz.y people were left to encounter a 
 refolute and well-difciplin d enemy, it was found no 
 hard matter to demolifh that work. In the mean 
 time, {a) the Saxons famous for their fuccefs in 
 
 arms, and to them they dif patch’d an humble embaffy 
 to defire their affiftance. I he Embajfadors, being ad- 
 mitted to audience, made their addreffes as f ollows. 
 Mofi noble Saxons, T’he miferable \\ Britains, fhat- 
 Bmannt. ter’ d and worn out by the frequent incurfms of their 
 
 enemies, upon the news of your many fitgnal viBories, 
 loave fent m to you, humbly requefling that you would 
 ajfifl them at this juntiure. A land large and 
 Spacious, abounding with all manner of nectaries, 
 they give up entirely to your difpofal. Hitherto, we 
 have liv’d happily under the government and proteBion 
 of the Romans', next to the Romans, we know none 
 of greater valour than your felves, and therefore in 
 your courage do now feek refuge. Let but this courage 
 and tloofe arms make tu conquerors, and we refufe no 
 fervice or duty you fhall pleafe to impofe. T’he Saxon 
 Nobles return’d them this flsort anfwer. Affure your 
 felves, the Saxons will be true friends to the Britains j 
 and as fuch, fhall be always ready to relieve their ne- 
 ceffities, and to advance their interefts. T’he Embaf- 
 fadors, pleas’d with the anfwer, return home, and 
 comfort tbeir country-men with the welcome news. Ac- 
 cordingly, the fuccours they had promis’d being dif- 
 patch’d into Britain, are joyfully receiv’d by their 
 allies s and do in a very little time clear the kingdom 
 of Invaders, and refiore the country to the Inhabitants. 
 And indeed, there was no great dijficulty in doing this, 
 fince the fame of the Saxon Valour had fo far terrify’ d 
 them, that their very prefence was enough to drive 
 them away. The people who infefied tlse Britains, 
 * PiBs i and the Saxons were fup- 
 f by the Britains with ad neceffaries to carry on the 
 war againfl them. Upon which, they fluid in the 
 country for fame time, and liv’d in very good terms 
 with the Britains till the Commanders (obferving that 
 the land was large and fruitful, and that the natives 
 were not at all inclin’d to war and confidering that 
 themf elves, and the greatefl part of the Saxons, had no 
 fix d habitation) fend over for more forces, and firi- 
 king up a peace with the Scots and PiBs, make one 
 body againfl the Britains, force them out of the na- 
 tion, and divide the country among their own people. 
 
 ^ Thus tar Witichindm f who yet feems too lavifh 
 p/?2o, Promifes of duty and fubmiflion fup- 
 
 pofed to be made by the Britifh Ambaflkdors. 
 For neither Bede, nor Ethelwerd (both Saxons} 
 mention the leaft promile of fubmiflion and 
 Gildas exprefsly fays, That their firfl pretence of 
 Quarrelling, was for greater Allowance (call’d by 
 him Epimenia, and by Bede Amona',) which 
 thows, that they came over as mercenary foldiers, 
 upon promife ot pay.l 
 
 Original of The original and etymology of the Saxons, 
 the Saxons, like thofe of other nations, have been con- 
 founded with fabulous conjeftures, not only by 
 Monks, who uiiderftood nothing of Antiquity, 
 but even by fome modern Pretenders. One 
 will have them deriv’d from Saxo, fon of Neg- 
 non, and brother of Vandalus; another, from 
 their temper j a third, from the remains of 
 the Macedonian army a fourth, from certain 
 
 knives j which gave occalion to that rhime in 
 Ei^elhufius, 
 
 Quippe brevis gladius apud illos SoxSiVocatur, 
 
 Unde fihi Saxo nomen traxijfe putatur. 
 
 The Saxon people did, as moft believe, 
 
 Their name frbm Saxa, a fhorc fword, receive. 
 
 Crantzlus derives them from the German Catti ; 
 and the learned Capnio, from the Phrygians. 
 
 Of thefe, every man is at liberty to take 
 his choice ; nor fhall I make it my bulinefs to 
 confute fuch fabulous opinions. Only, I think 
 the conjedture of thofe learned Germans, wlio 
 imagin that the Saxons are defeended from the5jjjgpj 
 drtc^jthe moft confiderable People of Afiaj {b) that the Sacx of 
 they are fo called, as if one fhould fay Sacafones, Alia, 
 that is, the Sons of the Saca j and that out of 
 Scythia or Sarmatia Afiatica, they came by lit- 
 tle and little into Europe, along ^\ irh the Getes, 
 the Suevi, andtheZ)<3«i this, in my judgment, 
 deferves credit the beft of any other. For in--^* 
 deed, the opinions of thofe who fetch the Saxons 
 out of Alia, where mankind had its rife and 
 growth, has fome colour of reafon : Since, 
 lides what Strabo affirms, that the Saca (as the 
 Cimerii had done) did invade remote Countries, 
 and call a part of Armenia, Sacacena, after their 
 own name ', befides this, Ptolemy places the 
 Saffoms, Suevi, Majfagetes, and Dahi, in that . 
 part of Scythia : and Cifner has obferved, that 
 thofe nations, after they came into Europe, 
 retain’d in great meafure the fame vicinity 
 which they had formerly in Afia. 
 
 Nor is it lefs probable, that our Saxons came 
 from either the Saca or Saffones of Afia, than it Neander, 
 is that the Germans are defeended from the 
 Germani of Perfia, mention’d by Herodotus j 
 which yet they pofitively conclude from the 
 affinity of thofe Languages. For the learned 
 Jofeph Scaliger has told us, that Fader, muder, 
 brader, tutchter, band, and the like, are ftill uied 
 in the Perlian Language, in the fame fenfe as 
 Father, mother, brother, daughter, bond, are with us. 
 
 THowever, this original of the Saxons from stJiHngfl. 
 the Saca of Afia, may be thought too far Orig, Brit, 
 fetch’d j unlefs there were fome fair hiftoricalp. 305,306, 
 account, how the Saxons Came to be propagated 
 by thofe Saca and no fuch account being given, 
 it may feem to be little more than a poffibility. 
 
 Nor may that other original from the lliort 
 fwords call’d Sachs feem altogether vain, when 
 it is confider’d, that the Quirites had their name 
 from Quiris, a fhort fpear, and the Scythians 
 from Scytten, to fhoot with a Bow. Tacitus 
 alfo, fpeaking of fome of the Northern Ger- 
 mans, faith. That the common Badges they wear, are 
 round fhields, and fhort fwords •, and the Arms of 
 Saxony to this day, as Pontanus obferves, are 
 two fhort fwords a-crofs.^ 
 
 But when the Saxons firft began to have a 
 name in the world, they liv’d in Cimhrica Cher- 
 fonefus, which we now call Denmark j where they 
 are fettled by Ptolemy, who is the firft that 
 makes mention of them. And in that place of 
 Lucan, 
 
 • ' Longifque leves Axones in armis. 
 
 “ Light Axons in long arms, 
 
 we 
 
 W I the Sa*on courage, tvas fufficient to point cut that nation be. 
 
civil 
 
 The En^slish Saxons. 
 
 clviii 
 
 ^,e are not to read Saxones (as fome Copies have 
 but the true reading is A»m. FAnd that 
 pie of Gaul, the reading is the fame in Ptolemy, where he 
 places them in the Cimbrick Cherfonefe, is pro- 
 bable, from a MS. which belong’d to Mr. Sel- 
 den, and which leaves out the initial S.l 
 
 While they liv’d in that Cimbrica Cherfonefmy in 
 the time of Dioclefian, they came along with 
 their neighbours the Franh, and mightily an- 
 noy’d our coafts ; and the Romans committed 
 it to the care of Caraufius to repel them, 
 (a) Afterwards, paffing the rivet Jlbu, pan of 
 them broke in by degrees upon the SuevianTer- 
 ritories (which at this day is the Dukedom ot 
 Saxony,) and part took poffeflion of Frifia Md 
 Batavia, which the Franks had quitted. For 
 the Franks, who had formerly inhabited the 
 inmoft of thofe Fens in Frifeland (fomewheri^ 
 of are now wafhed into that Sea, which at this 
 day We call the Zuider-fee,) and who afterwards 
 * In fc™ K- had poffeffed themfelves of Holland ; being ' re- 
 cqU. ceiv’d into protedion by Conftantius Chlorus, 
 
 and Conftantine the Great, and his fons and 
 fent to cultivate the defarts of Gaul : thefe (1 
 fay) either forcing a paffage with the fword into 
 more plentiful countries, or elfe (as Zolmus 
 tells us) driven out by the S.axons, left Hol- 
 land. From which time, all the inhabitants of 
 that German Coaft, who lived by piracy, have 
 gone under the name of Saxons, as before they 
 were called Franks. Thofe (I mean) who lived 
 in ’Jutland, Slefwkk, Holfatia, Ditmarfe, the 
 Bifhofrkk of Ereme-, the Ommy of Oldenburg, Eaft 
 md Weft Frifeland, and Holland. For the Saxon 
 nation (as is obfervdd by Fabius Qusftor Ethel- 
 werd, who was of the Royal line of the Saxons) 
 Nephew’s included all the Sea-coafl, between the river Rhine, 
 Nephew to and the city Donia, which now U commonly called 
 King Aiulf, X)ane-marc. This Author (not to conceal the 
 a perfon, who has^bren foferviceabk 
 
 95 °. 
 
 The fecond 
 Ode 
 
 
 , llcilliC a - -^ 
 
 to me) was firft difcovered by the eminent 
 Mr. T’homas Allen of Oxford, a perfon of great 
 learning and humanity, andwaSj with many 
 others, communicated to me. 
 
 From this coaft it was, that the Saxons, en- 
 couraged by their many daughters of the Ro- 
 mans, made frequent Inroads into the Provinces, 
 and for a long time annoyM this Ifland, till at 
 laft Hengift hirafelf came. That this Hengift 
 fet fail for England out of Batavia or Holland, 
 and built the Caftle of Leyden, is confirmed, not 
 only by the Annals of Holland, but alfo by the 
 noble Janus Doufa, a perfon of admirable parts 
 and learning, who of that hurg, or tower, 
 writes thus, 
 
 Quern circinato mceniurii ut arnbitU) 
 
 Sic arcuatis fornicibiis noamm 
 Putatur Hengiftus Britanno 
 Orbe redux pofuijje viHor. 
 
 The mighty Hengifi, if we credit fame, 
 
 On circling arches rais’d this ftately pile. 
 O’er Britifii Seas when he in triumph came, 
 And brought new Lawrels from the con- 
 quer’d Ifle. 
 
 The Jutes, fo call’d (as (b) many think) from 
 theGutes, Getes, or(?^)^/ 3 ^ (for a Manufcriptcopy 
 reads Geatun) did certainly inhabit the upper 
 part of Cimbrica Cherfonefus, which the Danes to 
 
 this day call Juitland. It is poflible, they may 
 have deicended from the Gutti, whom Ptolemy 
 places in Scandia, and whofe prefent feat is 
 Gothland. But here I muft caution you againft 
 afl'enting to the opinion of Jornandes, that this 
 was the Country of thofe Goths, who conquered 
 and over-ran Europe j fince tlie moft ancient 
 and bell approved writers have told us, thux. beUius PoUio 
 
 they liv’d beyond the Ifter, near the Euxine Sea, Ca/jf/o/was, 
 and were formerly called GfffF. 
 
 In what place th.e Angles liv’d, is a debated The Angles* 
 point, and the opinions concerning it are va- 
 rious. Moft Authors place them in Weftpha- 
 lia, where Engern now ftands, and where thd 
 Suevi^Angli, mentioned by Tacitus and Pto- 
 lemy, had their abode. With whom I agreej 
 if they mean of Tacitus’s age j but I tanfy 
 they came down afterwards to the Sea-coafts. 
 
 Others feek them in Pomerania, where there is 
 
 a very confiderable town called Angloen, But 
 
 feeing thefe reach into the more inland parts of 
 
 Germany, at fo great a diftance from the fea> 
 
 we muft feek fome other place where to feat our 
 
 Angles i and Bede has direfted us to look for 
 
 them between the Saxons and the Jutes. T’heLib. i. c, t$i 
 
 Angles (fays he) tame out of that country, vihich is 
 
 called Angulus, and is /aid from that time to lye 
 
 vmfle, between the countries of the * Jutes and* Gumum, 
 
 Saxons. Seeing between Juitland of 
 
 (the ancient feat of the Saxons) there is a fmallc^^^en, So ■ 
 
 province in the Kingdom of Denmark and un- tie cManu- 
 
 der the City of Flemsburg, called at, this d^yfcr!pt read$ it, 
 
 \ Angel, which Lindebergius in his 
 
 xerms Little-England', I am pretty well afturd,nark; the 
 
 thatl have found the ancient Seat of our Fore-Seat of the 
 
 fathers j and that from this very place Angles, 
 
 Angles came into our Ifland. And what makes 
 
 me more confident herein, is the authority of 
 
 that ancient Author Ethelwerd, who writes thus; 
 
 Old Anglia is Jituated between the Saxons and Giots, 
 the capital town whereof is called in Saxon Slefwick, 
 but by the Danes Haithby. In the very fame 
 place, Ptolemy feems to feat the Saxons j fo 
 that the middle-age Poet is probably in the 
 right, 
 
 Saxonia protulit Anglos, 
 
 Hoc patet in lingua, niveoque colore.— ' "• 
 
 Their rife to Saxony the Angles owe. 
 
 Their language, this, and native whitenefs 
 fhow. 
 
 Some of thefe Angles, marching into the in- 
 ner parts of Germany, and mixing with the 
 Longobards and Suevians, broke into Italy, and 
 ate generally fuppofed to have left behind them 
 fome remains of their name ; fuch are, Engel- 
 heim, the native country of Charles the Great, 
 
 Ingolflad, Engleburg, Englerute in Germany, and 
 Angleria in Italy. 
 
 What the etymology of the name is, I dare 
 not fay : however, I utterly reje£t Angulus, 
 
 Son of HumbluSj and his (^een Angela, whom 
 fome filly people would have to be the founders 
 of our Nation. Nor can I believe, that it had 
 the name from Angulpis, a corner (as if it were 
 a corner of the world) which is intimated in 
 thofe common verfes. 
 
 w Whether the early piracies of the Saxons upon that coak fmention d by many 
 ed, is if they then dwelt between the Bb and the J!Kne or only drew down tlnther “ 
 
 robbing, whilft Hill their habitation was in the Cimbrf Cbcrfomfc ; ts a queftron rail 'd, 
 
 here, and Bilhop Stillingfleet (Orig. Britan, p. 309.) favour the former Opinion. But Archbilhop U met ,1 timora. 
 
 c, 12. P. 2 1 5 . fob.) thinks they came down much later, 
 (b) See Sir Henry Spelman’s GloCTary, under the title 
 
clix 
 
 The English-Saxons, 
 
 clx 
 
 Anglia terra feraxy & fertilis angulworbiiy 
 Injula pradi'ves qua mo vix eget orbe. 
 
 With richeft wares, that take their happy 
 birth, 
 
 Or from the face, or bowels of the earth. 
 
 Our fruitful corner oi the world is bleft, 
 
 Kot joyn’d, and fcarce beholden to the reft. 
 
 And as for Goropius’s conjefture, that the 
 Angli are derived from an angky i. e. a Fijhing- 
 rody or Fijhing-hooky bccaufe (as he adds) they 
 hook ad to themy and are, as we commonly fay, 
 good anglers j this does not deferve fo much to 
 be credited, as laughed at. But whoever finds 
 out the etymology of Engelberty Engelhard, and 
 fuch like German names, does in all proba- 
 bility at the fame time difcover the original 
 of the Angli. That the Frifons came along 
 with them into Britain, is plain from Proco- 
 Ann. 1607. pius. And becaufe that book is not extant, 
 it may not be amifs to give you the place en- 
 tire, as I had it tranfcribed from a Copy in the 
 King's Librar)' at Paris, by that lingular good 
 man, and compleat Antiqualry, FrancifcusPitbam 
 De BeU, Goth. «fOAuct»Sfa7roTct?et ^a.- 
 
 Lib. 4 , rt Ss a.vT^y i)idsu g ovo^jt xorai ToistQna-i 
 
 T«T9(f, ' AyyiMt, xj OgittroKf, t« o{ tiau b/Acotv/^oi B^It- 
 To( 7 {ty 7 n ii >> toTv 'iSyeoy woM)av 5 fw 7 r/« (famlow Sad, 
 cure dice. ®«v erof xctrst 'btoaabj 
 
 yvrm^l, ^ «V 0 dvlas bioiKl^aai 
 
 er T>iV -74676^? 7lw sfe^oregjtv eToxacrstv tim. 5 «V’ 
 dvTc T«» yi-voy ®g_joiroiHo 36 U (faai'y. elVe tt/W*A« a ‘sroMw 
 ■B^n^y 0 (fe^'/yay (JaffiA<4V iiri wfecr^fi’a ruy 0 ? S7ri%- 
 
 Stieoy TivttV 'Zc^' fiao-iAect er Bi^ccIvTioyfflAaffttV/ejcr, 
 
 ttuVr ex Tcov ^uviTri/^Tri ^lAOTi/UBiit^©-, cJs ^ H 
 
 ?'n'<TOj HiTe avTV ap^ercw. i. e. ( in my 
 
 rude tranllation j) T/je JJland of Britain 
 is inhabited by three^ mofl populous nations, each 
 •whereof hoi their fe'ueral Kings, 'the names of 
 the People are, f/je ANGLES, the FRISONES, 
 and thoje oj the fame name with the IJland, the 
 BRl 1 ONS. As to the inhabitants, they feem to be 
 fo numerous, that every year they flock over in great 
 companies, with their wives and children, }o the 
 Franks, who ajjign them that pan of their Ifland, 
 which IS leaf cultivated. Upon this, they pretend a 
 claim to the whole IJland of [Britain ;] and it is not 
 long, Jince the King oj the Franks, difpatchingjome of 
 his ownfubjeBs on an embaffle to Juftinian at Con- 
 fiantinople, fent along with them fome of the Angles, 
 out oj pure oflentation, m if the Ifland were part of 
 hs dominions. . 
 
 UJlmVnmora. TAnd yet thispalfage is refer'd by others, 
 
 ^ our Britain, but to Brittiai placed by 
 
 the fime Procopius between our Ifland of 
 Britain, and Tlmle, which in him is Scandina- 
 via. Axui Ifacius Tzetzes is to be underftood 
 of the fame, when he fpeaks of the Ifland of 
 Britain (read BritiaJ) with Britain on the Weft, 
 and 'Thule on tlie Eaft.] 
 
 Saxons, Ak’ Thefe are the feveral people of Germany 
 ’one themfelves in Britain. That they 
 
 tion. 'Were but one nation, and called by one general 
 
 fometimes Angles, or 
 (to diftinguifli them from thofe who were left 
 behind in Germany) Anglo-Saxons ; is plain from 
 Gildas, Boniface, Bede, Paulm Diaconus, and 
 others. But in Latin they are moft frequently 
 tervev ii Gens Anglorum (i. e. the nation of the 
 ^«^/ej-) and in their own Language, to the fame 
 lenle, Engla-'Theod. 
 
 When the The {a) exaft time when they were invited 
 t>y Vortigern, is a depute 
 
 W'riters : but to wave the reft, Bede and his 
 followers do thus fettle the Chronology of thofe 
 dark and confufed times. 
 
 In the 23d year of Theodofius the Younger, 
 and that of Chrift 430, the Britains, over- 
 power’d by the Pids and Scots, defire aid of 
 AEtius, then in his third Confulfhip ; but with- 
 out fuccefs. 
 
 Under Valentinian the third, S. German 
 came over into Britain two feveral times, to op- 
 pofe the Pelagians ; and leading-up the Britains 
 againft the Fids and Saxons, by virtue of his 
 intercelTion to God gain’d them the vidory. 
 
 In the firft year of Martian, and that of 
 Chrift 44P, the nation of the Englijh Saxons 
 came over into Britain. 
 
 But fince it is evident from the Kalendar of 
 the Confuls, that the third Confulfliip of 
 tii fell in the xxxixth year of that 'Theodofius, and 
 of Chrift 44<5 \ and fince it appears by the 
 moft authentick writers, that S. German Ay^dBaronius, 
 in the year of Chrift 43 5 ; there is great reafon 
 to fufped that the numerals in Bede have been 
 corrupted, and that the Saxons came over hi- 
 ther before the year of Chrift 449. For other- 
 wife, how is it polTible that S. German, who 
 died in 43 y, fhould lead up the Britains againft 
 the Saxons, who by that computation were not 
 then come over ? Befides, Ninnius affirms, 
 that S. German return’d out of Britain into his 
 own country after tlie death of Vorcigern, who 
 W'as the perfon that invited the Saxons into 
 Britain : fo that their coming over muft necefla- 
 rily have been beforethe year 435, {b) the laft 
 of S. German’s life. Farther yet, in the fecond 
 year after Leo the Great was made Pope (which 
 falls in with that of Chrift 443.) ProfperTiro, 
 who lived at the fame time, tells us. That Bri- 
 tain, after feveral bloody defeats, was at lafl fub- 
 dued by the Saxons. Which puts it beyond all 
 difpute, that they came ovef before tliat year, I 
 mean 445?. But to remove all fcruples about 
 that matter, let me add this Chronological note, 
 which is at the end ot fome copies of Ninnius, 
 and fatisfies me beyond all the reft. 
 
 From the Confulflyip of the two Gemini, * Rufm* Read lujm, 
 and Kuhellim, to that of Stilico, 3 73 years. 
 
 From Stilico to Valentinian, fon oj Placidia, and 
 to the reign of Vonigern, 28 years. 
 
 From the reign oj Vortigern, to the Difeord be- 
 tween Gaitolinus and Ambroflus, are 12 years: 
 which is Guoloppum, i. e. Cathguoloph. 
 
 Vortigern reign d in Britain when Theodofius and 
 Valentinian were Confuls ; and in the fourth yeax 
 oj his reign the Saxons came over, and were re- 
 ceived by Vortigern, when Felix and Taurus were 
 Confuls. 
 
 From the year that the Saxons came into Britain, 
 and were received by Vortigern, to | Decha Valeri-%p}'^^^f^^^* 
 anus, are 69 years. jJcctus rau- 
 
 t) . linns, ' 
 
 By this computation, the Englifli-Saxons 
 muft have come into Britain in the 21ft year of 
 Theodofius the Younger, which is neareft to 
 Bede’s account, that is, the year of Chrift 428 ; 
 for then Felix and Taurus were Confuls: and 
 other circumftances, both of perfon and time, 
 agree to it. 
 
 FBut others think, that in this matter there 
 but two CharaBers as to the Time, viz. SSrit. 
 lhat It W'as alter the third Confulfhip ofp. 316. 
 .^uus, and after the death of Thevdofim j and 
 nnding that this Chronological note at the end 
 of Ninnius, agrees not with either, they chofe 
 to govern themfelves in this matter by the Au- 
 thority of Gildoi and Bede, with the Series of the 
 
 Britifli 
 
 
 &c. and Dr. Stillingfleet, Orig^ 
 
clxi 
 
 dxii 
 
 The English-Saxons. 
 
 Britifh and Roman aftairs at that time^ by 
 which it falls at or after the year 449. 
 
 And the foregoing Arguments, upon which 
 it is fix’d to a more early date, feem to them 
 Ufter. Prim.tobeliable to feveral Exceptions. The firft is 
 p. 204. grounded upon St- German’s dying in the year 
 43 5 j but that he liv’d much longer is prov’d 
 trom Honoratm in the life of Hilary Bifiiop of 
 Arles, who mentions St. German as prefent 
 when Chelidonius was depofed by Hilary in 
 his Vifitacion ; which Sirmondus places Anno 
 Dorn. 444, and W'hich appears to be rightly 
 plac’d by the Epiftle of Leo, and the Refcript 
 of* Valentinian upon Chelidonius s Appeal, 
 which bears date in the year 445. Add to this, 
 what Bede faith, That he was kindly receiv’d by 
 Valentinian and Placidia, at Ravenna, and 
 there died ; and what Conftantine faith in his 
 life. That he fat thirty years after Amantor in 
 his See, who died in the year 418. The fe- 
 cond Argument from Profper Itro^ is objefted 
 againft, becaufe it contradi^s Gildas, who may 
 deferve greater credit than Profper Tiro in 
 matters relating to the Britifh Hiftory. And 
 the third Argument from the Calculation at the 
 end of Ninnius, is therefore diflik’d, becaufe 
 it makes their coming-in to be near twenty 
 years before the third Confulfhip of ^tius.T 
 I think fit to advertife the reader of one 
 thing more (not in the mean time, to aflume 
 the charaaer of a Critick) (a) that in many 
 copies of Gildas, from whence Bede took that 
 palfage about ^tius, it is read Agitio HI. Con- 
 fuli : and in others, the numerals are omitted, 
 and it is written JEgitio-, and in one, Mquitio 
 Cos. But I could never find in the Fafii, any 
 Conful of that name, (i>) unlefs we may 
 imagin that he W’as an extraordinary Conful. 
 
 But at what time foever they came over, it is 
 certain they fhew’d wonderful courage, and this 
 temper’d with great prudence. For in a fhort 
 Viftoryofthe^.^^^ became fo confiderable, both for 
 
 Saxons. numbers, difcipline, andConquefts, that they 
 were in a moft prosperous and powerful condi- 
 tion, and their vidory in a manner entire and 
 abfolute. All the conquer’d, except fome few 
 who took refuge in the uncultivated Weftern 
 parts, yielded, and became one Nation with 
 them, and embrac’d their Laws, name, and 
 language. For befides England^ the Englifh- 
 Saxons poffefled themfelves of the greateft part 
 of Scotland (and the High-landers, who are the 
 true Scots, call them Sajfons to this day where 
 they ufe the fame language with us,only varying 
 a little in the Dialed. And this language we 
 and they have kept in a manner uncorrupted, 
 together with the kingdom, for 1150 years. 
 By which it appears how trivial and falfe that 
 was (like others of the fame nature) which the 
 . Saxon Prophets foretold, when they fet fail for 
 Gildas. Ifland, 7'hat they Jhould Jiay here only 300 
 
 J^ Sapius va^years, and that 150 of thefe Jhould be Uaken up in 
 fitturot. frequent IVars. 
 
 The fubjed matter, and place, feem next to 
 require, that fomething be added concerningthe 
 Manners and Cuftoms of our Fore-fathers the 
 Saxons ; and therefore I fhall fet down w'hat I 
 have obferved upon that head. 
 
 Cuftoms and The Saxons w'ere in general a warlike nati- 
 manners of on ; and (as Zofimus has told us) luere looked up- 
 thc Saxons. valiant of ail the Germans, both 
 
 for greatnefs of mind, firength of body, and a hard^ 
 conftitution. Marcellinus obferves, T’hat the Ro^ 
 mans dreaded them above all others, becaufe their 
 motions were always fudden. And Orofius fays, 
 that, for their courage and aBivity, they were terri- 
 ble. Saxony U a place inaccefjible by reafon of the 
 marfhes, and the frontiers of it are unpaffable. But 
 tho this may feem to fecure them in great meafure a- 
 gainjl invafions, and though the captive Saxons fre- 
 quently made up a part in the Roman triumphs ; yet 
 are they accounted a mofi flout People, excelling all 
 others in piracies : however, in thefe they rely more 
 upon their fiy-boats, than their courage, and make it 
 their bufinefs, notfo much to fight, as to run: Thuso„^^ 
 far Egelippus ; who is followed by Ifidore : T'he c. 2. 
 Saxons, fituate upon the Sea-fhore, and among fenns 
 unpaffable, are very flout and very aBive. From 
 whence they took their names, cu being a [hardy refo- \Saxum» 
 lute fort of men, and in piracy out-doing all others. 
 
 They were eminent for their tallnefs, fymmetry 
 of parts, and exadnefs of features:’ Where- 
 upon, Witichindus the Monk has left us this 
 defeription of them ; ‘The Franks were amaz^ed to 
 fee men of fucb vafl bodies, and fo great fouls. They 
 wondered at their firange habit and armour, at their 
 hair hanging down upon their fhoulders, and above all 
 at their courage and refolution. Their ctoaths were 
 * clofe-coats ; their armour, long fpears : when they ^ Saga^ 
 flood, they hand upon little fhields ', and wore a fort 
 of large knives, hanging before. But formerlyrhey 
 us’d to lhave their heads to the very skin, 
 except a little about the crown, and wore a 
 plate round their heads j as Sidonius Apollina- 
 ris plainly intimates in thefe verfes j 
 
 IJlic Saxona carulum videnius, 
 
 Adfuetum ante falo, folum timers, 
 
 Cujm verticis extimas per eras. 
 
 Non contenta fuos tenere morfus, 
 
 Altai lamina marginem comarumi 
 Et fic crinibta ad cutem refcijfls, 
 
 Decrefeit caput, additurque vultpu. 
 
 Here ’twas we faw the purple Saxon fiand, 
 
 Us’d to rough feas, yet fhaking on the land; 
 
 The frozen plate that on their crown they 
 wear. 
 
 In one great turf drives up their bufhy hair: 
 
 The reft they keep clofe lhav’d i and thus 
 their face 
 
 Appears ftill bigger, as their head grows 
 lefs. 
 
 What their Habits w’ere, may be learnt from 
 PaulusDiaconus’s obfervation upon the Longo- 
 bards ; Their deaths were loofe, and generally linnen, 
 
 fuch 06 the Englifh-Saxons ufe j the trimming, broad, 
 and of feveral colours. 
 
 They were admirably well skill d in naval The Saxort* 
 affairs i and by their long and continual 
 cies had inured themfelves fo to the fea, that 
 (as one has it) they dreaded the land. They 
 annoy’d the coafts of Britain and Fnance, even 
 as far as Spain, to that degree, that it was 
 found neceffary to guard the fhorcs of both 
 kingdoms with officers and foldiers, againft any 
 attempts they might make upon them. And 
 thefe, for that reafon, were called (c) Counts Saxon ° 
 
 ihe Saxon-fijore along Britain and Frame. But for 
 all that, by the help of their nimble Fly-boats, 
 they made a fhift very frequently to plunder 
 
 j » c •fti - 'Ti.,. Iparnpd SeWcn feems to be of opinion, that tins Mt'm was really 
 
 „o noJli authority at that 
 
 -Boait/. uh,aty. 
 
clxiii 
 
 clxiv 
 
 The English-Saxons. 
 
 our Coafts. To which allude thole verfes of 
 Sidonius Apollinaris ; 
 
 * Timebat. 
 
 Quin & Aremoricus piratam Saxona traBm 
 * Spy ahaty cut peUe falum fulcare Britamum 
 Ludiii) & qjfuto glaucum mare findere lemho. 
 
 Armorica the Saxon pirates fear’d, 
 
 Thaton theBritifh coalls in fhoals appear’d, ( 
 And thro’ the narrow feain boats of lea-( 
 ther fteer’d. 
 
 But in France, near Little-Britain, they got 
 polVeflionof all that part about and kept 
 
 it a long time ■, as is evident from Gregorius 
 Barecajjin ^uYonenfis, who calls them Saxones Bamaffm, as 
 Saxons. vulgar term them Sefnes Bejfms. 
 
 ^ With what barbarity they plunder’d ^r 
 Sidonms himfelf will tell you. 'The 
 vm. mejfenger (fays he) vohom -we difmrfed pretty large- 
 
 ly about your affairsy ajfured m that you had lately 
 charged the enemy at feuy that you were wholly taken 
 up between rowing and fighting, and that you were 
 \Vandosmyo-upon the windingjea-coajls, giving chafe to the | fy- 
 parones- In boats of the Saxons. And in thejey affure your felf 
 margin many bead-pirates as there are rowers: they 
 
 are all at the fame time both mafiers andfervantSy all 
 teach and learn in this their trade of robbing. So 
 that a caution to take great care of your felf is highly 
 necefj'ary at this time. It is the moft terrible Enemy 
 you can engage. He takes 'you unawaresy is gone in a 
 moment, defpifes oppojition, and certainly worjis you, 
 if you are not very well provided. If he purfue, he 
 undoubtedly catches you if he fly, he always efcapes. 
 Shipwracks are fo far from frighting him, that they 
 harden him. Thefe people do not only underfiand 
 the dangers of the feas, but are intimately acquainted 
 with them. In a Tempe/i, if they are purfued, it 
 gives them an opportunity of efcaping , if tlsey are 
 purfuing, it Jecures them againfi being difcovered at a 
 difiance. 'They readily venture their lives among 
 waves and rocks, if there is any hope of furprjing 
 the enemy.Always, before they weigh anchor and Jet fail 
 homewards from the Continent, their cuflom is, to take 
 every tenth Captive and put them to death by equal 
 and exquiftte tortures which is' the more melancholy, 
 becatfe it proceeds from fuperfiition and, after thofe 
 who are to dye, are got together, they pretend to temper 
 the injnflice of their death, by a feetning equity of Lots. 
 
 Such are their vows, and with fuch villims do they 
 difcharge them. Thm, being rather polluted with fa- 
 crilege, than purified by facrifices, thofe bloody mur- 
 derers look upon it as a greater piece of religion to 
 rack a poor captive, than to let him be ranfom’d. 
 To this purpofeis that fragment of an ancient 
 Hiilory, w’hich we find in Ifidore. The Saxon 
 nation relies more upon their fly~boats, than their 
 courage and are always provided rather to run than 
 fight. And that of Salvian (who lived in thofe 
 times) concerning the barbarous nations, The 
 A\o.ni are immodefi, but not treacherous ', Franks 
 are treacherous, but very courteous ; the Saxons are 
 very cruel, but exceeding chafle. Of fo great con- 
 ftancy and refolution were they (if one may fo 
 call it,) that they would rather chufe to mur- 
 der themfelves, than be expofed to the contempt 
 of others. So that when Symmachus had pro- 
 vided a number of them againft the publick 
 jfhows, the very day they were to be brought 
 into the Theatre, they ftrangled themfelves, and 
 fo difappointed the people of that piece of di- 
 i. 2. E 0 . verfion. Of thefe, Symmachus himfelf writes 
 46. thus : Tl:e mimber of the Saxons is lejfend by death 
 
 for theprivate guards not watching narrowly enough 
 
 the wicked hands of that defperate nation, the firfl 
 day of the fword-play difcovered nine and twenty of 
 them ftrangled, without a halter. 
 
 The Saxon nation was likewife ftrangely fu- 
 perftitious j for which reafon, ^^^•henever they 
 had any weighty matters under debate, they 
 were, befides their foothfaying, principally 
 direded by the neighing of horfes, which they 
 look’d on as the fureft Prefage. {a) And this^ 
 may pofTibly be the reafon wliy the Dukes of Arms of the 
 Saxony bore in their Arms a borfe. But why Saxons, 
 our and had their names from an 
 
 horfe (for both thefe names in Saxon fignifie an 
 horfe) is a myftery to me i uiilefs it was to por- 
 tend their warlike courage i according to that 
 of Virgil, 
 
 Bello armantur equi, bella hac armenta minantur. 
 Horfes are arm’d for war, approaching \\ ar 
 Such beailsprefage. -— " ■ 
 
 They alfo very much us’d the calling of Lots : Aiam j?rf 
 for, cutting a branch from fome fruit-tree, they menfis refers 
 divided it into little flips : each of thefe they 
 diHinguifhed by feveral marks, and fo call them fS"^to^the^' 
 promifcuoufly upon a white cloth. Next, iiSucvi. 
 the confultation was upon publick affairs, the 
 Priell, but if upon private, the mailer of the 
 family, after interceffions to the Gods, looking 
 up to heaven, took each of them up three fe- 
 veral times, and then gave an interpretation 
 according to the mark fet upon them. To 
 foretell tlie events of war, they ufed to take a 
 Captive of the Nation againll which their De- 
 fign was, and to oblige him to fight a duel with 
 fome one of their own country ; each was to 
 fight with the arms of his country; and by the 
 ifliie of this, they concluded which fide \vouId 
 be conqueror. I’he God they worlhipped moll, Saxon Gods, 
 was Mercury, whom they called Wooden-, his 
 facrifices were Men; and the day confecrated to 
 him, was the fourth of the week, which we 
 therefore at this day call Wedtjefday (b). The Wcdncfdav; 
 lixth day, they confecrated to Henus, whom 
 they called Frea and Frico, from whence we call 
 that day Friday: as Tuefday is derived from Friday. 
 Tuifco, the founder of the German nation. Tuefday. 
 They had alfoa Goddefs called Eofier, to whom 
 they facrificed in the month of April ; where- Eofier. 
 upon, faith Bede, they called April, Eofier- 
 monath; and we at this day call the Pafchal^-J*® 
 
 Feall, Eafter. The Angles (faith Tacitus) as did ^ 
 the other neighbou-ring nations, worfhip\l Hexth^S, fferthus, 3. 
 i. e. their mother earth ; £w(c) believing that fbe 
 terefted her felf in the affairs of men and nations. In 
 our language, that word Hill fignifies earth, but Eartb. 
 not in the German ; for they ufe Arden to fig- 
 nifie earth. The forementipn’d Ethelwerd has 
 left us this account of their Superllitions, as to 
 what relates to his own times. The Northern 
 Infidels have been feduced to fuch a degree, that to 
 this day the Danes, Normans, and Suevians, wor- 
 fhip Wo^an as their Lord. And, in another 
 place , The barbarous nations honour d Woodan 
 CM a God-, and thofe Pagans offer d Sacrifice to him, 
 to make them viBorious and valiant. 
 
 But Adam Bremenfis gives a more full ac- 
 count of thefe matters. In a Temple {cak’d in 
 their tongue DbloW, the furniture whereof is aU of 
 goip the people worfhip the Statues of three Gods. 
 
 Ihor, the mofi powerful of them, has a room by him-’ 
 felf in the middle ; and on each fide of him are 
 Wodan, and Fricco. The f emblems of them are f 
 thefe: they take to be the ruler of the air, W'^^.rda/. 
 
 to 
 
 
clxv 
 
 clxvi 
 
 The Engli sh-Saxons. 
 
 tojmi, M he fees awvetiimt, thunder and lightning, 
 ■winds and jhowers,fair weather, mi jhiit.Vi od^n,the 
 feconi, is mare valiant ; it is he that manages wars, 
 and injfires feofle ■with courage againfl their Enemies. 
 Fricco, the third, prefents men with peace astd plea- 
 * Prtapo in ^ 
 
 genti. member. T'hey engt-a've Wodaii armed, m Mars k 
 with M. Thor \eems to be reprefented, -with the 
 Scepter of Jupiter. But thefe errors have at 
 length fled before the Truth of Chriftianity. 
 
 A Monarchy After they had fix’d in Britairiy they divided 
 always, even feveii Kingdoms, and made it a 
 
 in the Saxon u^March'i. But even in that, he v.'ho was moft 
 Heptarchy. pQ^,pj.tul, ^vas (as Bede has obforv’d) flil’d 
 Vzh. 2. c. 5. King of the EngUJh nation ; fo that in the very 
 Heptarchy, there feems always to have been a 
 egs fort of Monarchy. Afterwards, Auftin, com- 
 Auflin the monly call’d the englifhApoftle, was difpatch’d 
 Engli/h Apo- hither by Gregory the Great; and, banifhing 
 ifle. thofe raonfters of heathenifh profanenefs, did 
 
 with wonderful fuccefs plant Chrift in their 
 Converlion ofhearts, and convert them to the Chriftian Faith, 
 the Englifh How it came to pafs that Gregory fhould have 
 toCbrilUani-pQpg(.^^j-^j. ^ concern for the Converlion of the 
 Englilh nation, we may learn from venerable 
 Bede, who has left us what himfelf receiv’d by 
 Zib. 2. c.i, tradition. ‘I'he report goes, that on a certain day, 
 when the merchants v:ere newly come, and great va- 
 riety of wares were expofed to fale, many Chapmen 
 fiock'd together, and amongfi the refl Gregory bim- 
 felf. He took notice, among other things, of feme 
 boys that were to be fold : their bodies were white, 
 their looks ingenuous, and their hair very lovely. 
 After he had view’d them, he enquir’d (as the ftory 
 goes') from what country or nation they came? T’hey 
 told him, from the I(le of Britain, the inhabitants 
 whereof were all of that make and complexion. 
 Next, he ask’d them, whether the people of that 
 Jfland were Chriftians, or were yet involv’d in the 
 errors of Paganifm? "theanfwer was, that they were 
 Vagans. At which, fetching a deep Jigh, Alcisl 
 (fays he) that the father ofdarknefs fhould be mafier 
 of fuch bright faces, and that fuch graceful looks 
 fhould carry with them a mindvoidof inward grace. 
 Another queftion he put to them, wm about the 
 name of that country, "they told him, the people 
 were called Angles. And (fays he) not amifs : for 
 06 they have Angelical looks, fo it is fit that fuch 
 fhould be jellow-heirs with the Angels in heaven. 
 But whatwcu the name of that peculiar Province 
 from whence thefe we>-e brought ? It wm anfwer’d, 
 Hoi Deirnefs.'^^^^ ^^habitants of it were called Deiri. Tes (f^P 
 ^ he) Deiri, as much m de ira eruti, i. e. deliver d 
 from wrath, and call d to the mercy of Chr ill . TTAoat 
 is the name of the King of that Province ? T'hey told 
 him, jElle. And, alluding to the name, it is fit 
 (fays he) that Alleluia flmld he fungin thofe parts, 
 to the praife of God our Creator. Upon this, going 
 to the Pope (for this happen’d before he was madePope 
 hmfelf) he beg’d him to fend the Nation oj the 
 Angles, in Britain, fame Minifters of the Gofpel, 
 by whofe preaching they might be converted to ChriH i 
 adding, that himfelf was ready, by the afjjfiance of 
 God, to perform this great work, if it fhould pleafe 
 the Pope to have it done. 
 
 Concerning the ..fame Converlion, Gregory 
 the Great writes thus: Behold, it has pierced the 
 hearts of all nations ! how the utmofi bounds of Eaft 
 and JVefi are joyned in one common Faith 1 Even the 
 Britifh tongue, which ufed to mutter nothing but bar- 
 barity, IsM a good while fince begun to eccho forth the 
 Hebrew Halleluia in divine Anthems. And in a 
 Letter to Auftin 'himfelf: Who can exprefs the 
 general joy and fatisfaSUon among all faithful people, 
 fince the Englifh nation (by the Grace of Almighty 
 God, and the endeavours of you our Brother) hatbquit- 
 ted the Errors of Darknefs, and u enlighten d with 
 the beams of our holy Faith ; fince, with a moH 
 
 pious z.eal, they now tread under-foot thofe Idols, ■ be- 
 fore which they formerly kneeled with that blind ve- 
 neration. In an ancient fragment of that age, 
 we read thus : Upon one fingle Chrifimas-day (to 
 the eternal honour of the Englifh nation) Aufiin 
 bapt'Hed above ten thoufand men, befides an infinite 
 number of women and children. But pray, how 
 fhould Priefis, or others in holy Orders, be got, to 
 baptiz.e fuch a prodigious number ? “The Arebbifisop, York^ire. 
 after be had confecrated the river Swale, commanded, Bede tells this 
 by the Criers and principal men, that they fhould with whole matter 
 faith go in two by two, and in the name of the c 
 
 ‘Trinity baptize each other. Thm were they all rege- York not of 
 nerate, by m great a miracle, as once the people of Aufiin. 
 
 Ifrael paffed thro’ the divided Sea, and thro Jordan, 
 when it was turned hack. For in the fame manner 
 here, fo great a variety offex and age, pafs d fuch a 
 deep chanel, and yet (which in human account u in- 
 credible) not one receiv’d harm. A ftrange miracle 
 this was ! but what is yet a greater, the River cures 
 all difeafes and infirmities. Whoever fieps in faint 
 and difordered, comes out found and whole. What a 
 joyful fight was this for Artels and men I d”!) many 
 thoufands of a Profelyte nation, coming out of the 
 chanel of the fame River, as out of the womb of one 
 Mother ! One fingle pool preparing fo many inhabi- 
 tants for the heavenly manfions ! Hereupon, Pope 
 Gregory (with aU the companies oj the Saints above) 
 broke forth into joy ; and could not refi till he had 
 written to Eulogius, the holy Patriarch of Alexan- 
 dria, moft joyfully to congratulate him upon fo vafi 
 a number being baptized on one Chrifimas-day. 
 
 No fooner was the name of Chrift preach’d Religion of 
 in the Englifh Nation, but with a moft fervent Saxons* 
 zeal they gave upthemfelves to it, and employ’d 
 their utmoft endeavours to promote it, by dif- 
 charging all the duties of Chriftian Piety, and 
 by erefting Churches, and plentifully endowing 
 them : fo that no part of the Chriftian world 
 could fhow either more or richer Monafteries, 
 than they. Nay, even feme of their Kings 
 preferred a Religious life before their very Crowns. 
 
 So many holy men did it produce, who, for 
 their firm profelfion of the Chriftian Religion, 
 their refolute perfeverance in it, and their un- 
 feigned piety, Sainted; that in this point 
 it is equal to any country in the whole Chri- 
 ftian world. And as that prophane Porphyry 
 ftiled Britain a province fruitful in tyrants, fo 
 England might juftly be called an Ifiand mofi 
 fruitful in Saints. 
 
 Afterwards, they began to promote hum-aneThe learning 
 learning, and by the help of Winifrid, Wille- of the Saxons, 
 brod, and others, conveyed that and the Gofpel 
 together into Germany j as a German Poet, has 
 told us in thefe Verfes : 
 
 Hac tamen ArBois laus eft sterna Britannis, 
 
 Qubdpoft Pannonicis vaflatum incurfibm prhem, 
 lUa bonus artes, & Grata munera lingua, 
 
 Stellarumque vio 6 , & magni fydera coeli 
 Obfervans, iterum turbatis intulit oris. 
 
 Quin fe relligio, multum debere Britannis 
 
 Servata, & late circum difperfa fatetur : ' 
 
 Qiiis nomen, Winfride, mum, quis munera nefeit? 
 
 Te duce, Germanis pietas fe vera, fidefque 
 Jnfinuans, expit ritm abolere prophams. 
 
 Quid non Alcuino facimda Lutetia debes ? 
 
 Inftaurare bonM ibi qui fceliciter artes, 
 
 Barbariemque procul folus depeHere ccepit. 
 
 Quid? tibi divinumque Bedatn, doBifimm oUm 
 Tam varias unus bene qui cognoverat artes 
 Fiehemus.- 
 
 Let this to Britain’s lafting fame be faid, T 
 
 When barbarous troops the civil worldf 
 o’refpread, 
 
 And perfecuted Science into exile fled ; j 
 
 ’Twas 
 
clxvii 
 
 The Eng LI 
 
 *T\vas happy fhe did all thofe arts reftore, 
 That Greece or Rome had boafted of before : 
 I’aught the rude world to climb the untrod 
 fpheres, 
 
 And trace th’ eternal courfes of the flars. 
 Nor Learning only, but Religion too. 
 
 Her rife and growth to Britifh foil doth owe. 
 *Twas thou, bleft Winifred, whofe virtue’s 
 light 
 
 From our dull climate chas’d the fogs of 
 night : ^ 
 
 Profaneft rites thy pious charms obey’d. 
 
 And trembling fuperilition own’d thy power 
 and fled. 
 
 Nor fmaller tokens of efleem from France^ 
 Alcuinus claims, who durft himfelf advance^ 
 Single againft whole troops of ignorance. J 
 ’ Fwas he tranfported Britain’s richeft ware. 
 Language and arts, and kindly taught them 
 here. 
 
 With him his Mailer Bede fhall^ ever live. 
 And ail the learning he engrofs’d, furvive. 
 
 Britain twic« And Peter Ramus farther adds, that Britain 
 School- w as twice School-miflrefs to France J meaning, 
 mirtrefs to by the Druids, and then by Alcuinus, who 
 
 ranee. main inflrumeiit made ufe of by 
 
 Charles the Great, in erecting an Univerfity at 
 Paris. 
 
 The march- And as they introduc’d into Germany Learn- 
 ing back of ing and Religion, fo alfo did they introduce 
 the S^ons niiEcary difeipJine. Nay, what is more, thofe 
 in o erma live in the Dukedom of Saxony 
 
 are defeended from them, if we may depend 
 upon Eginhardus’s w ords : The Saxon nation.(^ 
 Antiquity tells m) leaving thofe Angles which inhabit 
 Britain^ out of a dejire, or rather necejjityy of fettling 
 in fome new homey pafs’d the feay making to the Ger- 
 man Coafiy and came afhore at a place named Hadu- 
 loha. It was about that timey that Theoderick 
 King of the Franks made war upon Hirminjridy 
 Duke of the I'huringi, his fon-in-law, and barba- 
 roufly wafied the land with fire and fword. After 
 two fet battleSy the victory was ftill dependingy tho' 
 abundance of Blood had been fijed on both Jtdes. Upon 
 whichy Theodericky difappointed oj his hopes of Con- 
 quefly fent Ambaffadors to the Saxons. Their Duke 
 at that time was one Hadugato j who, as foon as he 
 heard their bufinefsy and their propofols of living to- 
 gether in cafe oj viSlory^ marched with an Army to 
 their ajjjjiance. By the help of thefe {who fought it 
 Out fioutlyy as if they had been difputingfor their own 
 Liberty and Property) he conquer'd the enemy y fpoil'd 
 the inhabitantSy put mojl of them to the fword, and, 
 according to promife, yeilded up the land to the Auxi- 
 liaries. They divided it by lot , and, becaufe the war 
 had reduced them to fo fmall a number that they could 
 not people the whole ; they let out part of it, efpecially 
 that winch lies Eafiward, to the Boors ; each of 
 which, according to bis quantity, was to pay a certain 
 
 sh-Saxons. dxviii 
 
 Kmt. The refi they cultivated themfelves. On 
 the South-fide of them, liv’d the Franks, and a 
 party of the Thuringi, who had not been engaged in 
 the late war ; from whom they were divided by the 
 river Unftrote. On the North-fide, were the Nor- 
 mans, a fierce and refolute nation : on the Eaft, the 
 Obotriti ; and on the IVefi, the Frilians. Againft 
 thefe they were always maintaining their ground, ei- 
 ther by truce, or by Engagements when necefj ary. But 
 now let us return to our Englijh Saxons. 
 
 The Saxons, for a long time, liv’d under 
 their Heptarchy in a flourifliing condition till 
 at laft, all the other Kingdoms, Blatter’d w ith 
 civil w^ars, were fubdu’d to that of the Weft- 
 Saxons. For Egbert, King of the Weft-Saxons, 
 after he had conquered four of thefe Kingdoms, 
 and had a fair profped of the other two to 
 unite them in name, as he had already done in 
 government, and, to keep up the memory of his 
 own nation, publifh’d on Edift, wherein it was About the 
 ordered that the whole Heptarchy which the year 800. 
 Saxons had pofleffed themfelves ofj fhould be 
 called Englelondy i. e. the land of the Angles. From England* 
 hence came the Latin name Anglia ; taken from 
 the Angles, who, of the three nations that came 
 over, were the moft numerous and mofl valiant. 
 
 The Kingdoms of Northumberland and Mer- 
 cia, two of the largeft, with that of the Eafl- 
 Angles, were theirs ; whereas the 'jfutes had no 
 more than Kent, and the Ifle of Wight and 
 the Saxons, the territories of the Eall, Weft, 
 and South-Saxons i very narrow bounds, if 
 compared with thofe large territories of the 
 Angles. From thefe, many ages fince, they 
 were call’d by one general name. Angles, and 
 in their own language, Englatheod, Anglcynne,.j^^^^ . ^ 
 Englcynne, Englifemon j tho’ at the fame time » nation’ ’ 
 every particular Kingdom had a diftinfl name 
 of its own. And this is evident, as from other 
 Writers, fo efpecially from Bede, who entitles 
 his hiftory, The Hiftory oj the Englijh nation. So, 
 even in the Heptarchy, the Kings who were more 
 pow'erful than the reft, w'ere ftiled Kings of the 
 Englijh nation. Then it was, that the name of 
 Britain tell into difufe in this Ifland ; and was 
 only to be found in Books, being never hoard in 
 converfation. So that Boniface, Biftiop ot'fpft- 
 Mentz, an Englifh-man born, terms our nati-p''^*"^ 
 on Tranfmarine Saxony. But King Eadred (as^* * 
 appears from certain Charters) ftil’d himfelf 
 King oj Great Britain, about the year 948 ; and 
 Eadgar, about the year 970, Monarch of aU 
 Albion. 
 
 When it was firft called England, then were 
 t\iQ Angles in the height of their glory j and as 
 fuch (according to the common fate of things 
 in this world) were ready for their fall. For 
 the Danes, after they had prey’d upon our 
 Coafts for many years together, began at laft to 
 make miferable havock of the Nation it felf. 
 
 THE 
 
clxix 
 
 clxX 
 
 T H £ 
 
 NAMES of the ENGLISH-SAXONS. 
 
 _ Had defign*d here, to infert 
 \ the order aiid fiicceflion of the 
 : Saxon Kings, as -Well in the 
 ' Heptarchy aS Monarchy ; but 
 I becaufe this may not be a pro- 
 ; per place for them, and a heap 
 of bare hambs may not be fo 
 acceptable ; perhaps I fhall oblige the reader 
 more, by drawing up a fhort fcheme bf the 
 obfervations I have made (efpecially out of Al- 
 frick the Grammarian) concerning the force, 
 original, and fignification of their Names. 
 Not that I pretend to explain every name, for 
 that would be too laborious a Work j belides, 
 
 * , . that fuch barbarous names (wherein there is a 
 
 TUolg, fio-great emphafis, a concife brevity, and fomething 
 nicum. bf ambiguity,) are ve'Ty hardly tranflated ihto 
 another language. But becaufe moft of them 
 are compounds, the limples whereof are very 
 few; I fhall explain the latter, that fo the figni- 
 fication of the former (w'hich always implied 
 fomething of good luck) may be more eafily 
 difcoverM ; and to fhew that the 6f!JoTHf nomt- 
 num (the den'uation of names) mentioned by Plato, 
 is to be found in all nations. 
 
 MU EaU Al. and AL in compound names (as 
 
 * Iltty in the Greek-compounds) fignifies all or al- 
 together. So, is, a complete Conqueror : 
 
 Alberty all illuftriots : Aldredy altogether reve- 
 rend: Alfred, altogether peaceful. To thbfe, 
 PammAchiniy Pancratinsy Pam^hilimy &c. do in 
 forae meafure anfwer. 
 
 ftf jELF. (which according to various dialefts, 
 «*/> pronounced ulfy vjolph, hulphy hilpy helfe, and 
 
 atthis day/if//’e) implies ajjtjlance. So ^Ifwin, 
 is viftorious aid : JElfwoldy an auxiliary govet- 
 nour: ^Ifgifuy a Lender of alTiftance. With 
 which, Boetiusy Symtnacbusy Epicurus, &c. bear 
 a plain analogy. 
 
 ARD. fignifies natural difpojition. As Godard, 
 is a divine temper : Reinard, a fincere temper : 
 Giffard, a bountiful and liberal difpofition : 
 Bernard, filial affeftion, &c. 
 
 ATHEL. Adel, and Mthel is Noble. So 
 Mthelredy is noble for counfel : JEthelard, a no- 
 ble genius: eminently noble : ^thel~ 
 
 toardy a noblb Proteftor. 
 
 Serf, BERT, is the fame with our bright ; in the 
 latin illufiris and clarni. So Ecbert, eternally fa- 
 mous or bright : Sigbert, famous conqueror ; 
 And fhe who was term’d by the Germans Ber- 
 tha, was by the Greeks call’d Eudoxia, as is 
 obferv’d by Luitprandus. Of the fame fort 
 were thefe, Phadrm, Upiphanius, Phot ha, Lam- 
 pridim, Fulgentiusy lliuftrius. 
 
 Bald. BALD, as we learn from Jornandes, was 
 usM by the northern nations to lignifie the fame 
 as the latin audax, bold ; and is fiill in ufe. So 
 Baldwin (and by inverfion Winhald) is bold con- 
 queror ; Ethelbaldy nobly bold; Eadbald, hap- 
 pily bold. Which are of the fame import, as 
 T'hrafeasy T’hrafymachus, T'hrafyhulm, &c. 
 
 2urb. FBURH. is a Tower, and. from that, a defence 
 orprotelHon ; fo, Cwenburh is a woman ready to 
 affiH: ; Ciithburh eminent for alTiftance. 
 
 CEOL. an initial in the names of men, fig- 
 nifics a Ship or Ciule, fuch as thofe that the Saxons 
 landed in. 1 
 
 cn and Kin A7h, denote kinsfolk. So Cinulph, 
 
 *is a help to his kindred: Cinehelm, a protector 
 
 Cuiki 
 
 Ead. 
 
 Ard. 
 
 4iheU and 
 iih$U 
 
 EtrtU 
 
 Fred, 
 
 Gttr. 
 
 Gijk. 
 
 Heard, 
 
 of his kindred ; Ctnhurg, the defence of his 
 kindred : Cinrk, powerful in kindred- 
 
 CUTH. fignifies kmwledge, or skill. So Cuth- 
 win, is a knowing conqueror : Cuthred, a know- 
 ing eounfellor ; Cuthbert, famous for skill. 
 Much bf the fame nature, are Sophocles, So- 
 
 phianuSy &c. 
 
 EAD. fiED. ED.l in the compound, and 
 Hadig in the fimple names, denotes happinefs, 
 or blejfednefs. Thus, Eadward is a happy pre- 
 ferver r Eadulph, happy alliftance : Eadgar, 
 happy power : Eadwin, happy conqueror. WhitA 
 Macarim, Eupolemus,FaufuSyFortunatuSy Felicianus, 
 
 &c. do infome meafure refemble.FElizdmay alfo, 
 in fome cafes, be derived from the Saxon eath, 
 which fignifies Eafie, gentle, mild. 
 
 FERTH. and FORl’H. common Termina- 
 tions, are the fame as in Englifh, an Army ; 
 coming from the Saxon-word pypS.l 
 
 FRED, is the fame with peace ; upon which 
 our fore-fathers call’d their fanbluaries fred-flole, 
 i. e. the feats of peace. So, Frederic, is pou er- 
 ful or wealthy in peace : Winfred, vidorious 
 peace : Reinfred, fincere peace. 
 
 r GAR. in Saxon fignifies a weapon ; fo Eadgar, 
 is a happy weapon; Ethelgar, a noble weapon. 1 
 GISLE. among the Englifh-Saxons fignifies 
 a pledge. Thus Fredgfle, is a pledge of peace : 
 Giflebert, an illuftrious pledge : like the Greek 
 Homerta. , , 
 
 FHEARD, fignifies a Keeper ; a,nd is fome^ 
 times initial, as Heard-bearht, a glorious Keeper, 
 fometimes final, as Cyneheard, a Royal-keeper.l 
 HOLD, in the old Gloftaries is mention’d in 
 the fame fehfe with wold, i. e. a governor or 
 chief officer ; but in fome other place, for love, 
 asHoldlic, lovely. 
 
 HELM, denotes Defence', as Eadhelm, happy 
 defence: Sighelm, viflorious defence: Berthelm, 
 eminent defence : like Amyntas, and Boetim, a- 
 mong the Greeks. 
 
 HARE.andHERE.differing in pronunciation 
 onlyj fignifie both an army, and a lord. So, Here, 
 Harold, is a General of an army : Hareman, a 
 chief man in the army : Herebert, famous in the 
 army : Herwin, a viblorious army. Which are 
 much like Stratocles, Polemarcbus, Hegefifiratus, &c. 
 among the Greeks. 
 
 HILD. in iElfrick s Grammar is interpreted 
 a Lord, or Lady. So, Hildebert, is a noble 
 Lord: Mahtildy an Heroick Lady: and in the 
 fame fenfe, is Wiga alfo found. 
 
 LEOD. fignifies the people : for rather a Na- 
 tion, Country, 1 &c. Thus Leodgar, is one of 
 great intereft with the People, for Kation.1 
 LEOF. denotes hvet So Leofwin, is a winner 
 of love: Leof flan, the bed helov'd. Like thefe, 
 AgapetiiSy Erafmus, Eraflus, Philo, Amandus. 
 
 TMiERE. is derived from the Saxon mxp, 
 famous, great, noted : fo, .^Imere, is, all famous j 
 Mthehnere, famous for nobility.] 
 
 MUND. is peace; from whence our Lawyers 
 call a breach of the peace, Mundbrech. So, 
 Eadmund, is happy peace : AEthelmund, noble 
 peace: JElmund, all peace: with which thefe 
 are much of the fame import, Irenms, Hefy- 
 chius, Lenis, Pacatus, Sedatus, Tranquillus, &c. _ 
 fORD. {x%nihes m Edge or Sharpnefs; as in 
 Ordhelm, Ordbright, &c. and in the Iflandifh 
 tongue Or fignifies a fpear or dart.''\ 
 
 V RAD. 
 
 Hold. 
 
 Hem. 
 
 Find. 
 
 Wiga. 
 
 Lead. 
 
 Zeof. 
 
 Mere. 
 
 OAund. 
 
 OtL 
 
clxxi 
 
 The Names oj the English-Saxons. 
 
 + Vid. Sax. 
 Cram, de 
 Adjeftivis. 
 
 Weard. 
 
 \Vi, 
 
 Wig. 
 
 Wlbt. 
 
 wm. 
 
 If^oU. 
 
 The name 
 £ritain re- 
 new’d. 
 
 + Crrc, Ann- 
 1607. 
 
 * Now, a- 
 bout 900. 
 
 + y«. I. 
 
 ' jftff. 1. 
 
 l.rtd. RAD. red. tLwdrod. differing only in dialed, 
 fignifie counfel; as Conrad, powerful dr skilful in 
 counfel : M.thelred, a noble counfellor ; Rod- 
 bert, e-minent for counfel. Eubulm and Tlirafy^ 
 biilm have almoft the fame fenfe. 
 
 • RIC. denotes a powerful, rich, or valiant 
 man ; as Fortunatus has told us in thofe verfes : 
 
 Hilpericepotens, fi interpres barharus adjit 
 Adiutor fortis hoc quoque nomen babet. 
 
 Hilp^ric Barbarians a flout helper term. 
 
 So, Alfric, is altogether ffrong: JEthelric, 
 nobly ffrong, or powerful. To the fame fenfe, 
 are Polycrates, Crato, Plutarchus, Opimius. 
 
 SIG. was us’d by them for Vidory j as 
 Sigebert, famous for vidory : Sigward, vidorious 
 preferver : Sigard, conquering temper. And 
 almoft in the fame fenfe, are Nicocles, Nkoma- 
 chus, Nicander, ViEior, ViEiorims, Vincentius, &c. 
 
 STAN, amongft our forefathers was the ter- 
 mination f of the fuperlative degree. So, A- 
 thelflan, moff noble; Betfian, thebeft: Leofflan, 
 the deareft : IViflan, the wifeft : Dunfian, the 
 higheft. 
 
 [WEARD. whether initial or final, fignifies 
 watchfulnefs or Care-, from the Saxon peapOan, 
 to ward or keep.l 
 
 WI. holy. Thus M^imund, holy peace : 
 Wibert, eminent for fandity : Alwi, altogether 
 holy. As, Hierocles, Hkronymyu, Hoflus, &c. 
 
 rWIG. being a termination in the names of 
 men, fignifies war -, or elfe a Heroe, from piga, 
 a word of that fignification. 
 
 W'lHT. an initial in the names of men, fig- 
 nifies ftrong, nimble, lufly.-, which are imply’d in 
 that word, being purely SaxonE\ 
 
 WILLI, and ViU. among . the Englifh-Saxons 
 (as BilH at this day among the Germans) figni- 
 fy’d many. So Willielmm, is the defender of 
 many : Wildred, worthy of refped from many : 
 Wilfred, peace to many. Which are anfwer’d, 
 in fenfe and fignification, by Polymachus, Poly- 
 crates, Polyphilm, See. 
 
 [WIN. whether initial or final in the names 
 of men, may either denote a mafculine temper, 
 from pm, which fignifies in Saxon War, 
 Strength, See. or elfe the general love and efleem 
 he hath among the People j from the Saxon 
 pine, i. e. dear, beloved, &c.1 
 
 VV OLD. and Wald, with them, fignify’d a 
 ruler or govemour. From whence Bertwold, is a 
 famous governor ; MthdwoU, a noble gover- 
 iiour : Hmiiald, and by inverfion Waliher, a 
 General of an army. 
 
 But here let us Itop ; fince others as -well as 
 my felf, will think I have faid too much upon 
 fo trifling a fubjeft. 
 
 It may perh.aps be more confiderable if I tell 
 poflerity (liippofing thefe papers to have the good 
 fortune to live) wh.at I my felf am t an eye-witnefs 
 or ; That as Egbert ordered this nearer part of 
 Britain, then his own dominion, to be calfd 
 England-, fo now, after about * 800 years 
 while I am revifmg this work. King f 
 being by the favour of heaven and his own he- 
 redltary title, invefted with the Monarchy of 
 this illand, to the general fatisfaiftion of all 
 good men (that, as the Ifland is but one, en- 
 compafs’d w ith one fea, under one perfon, and 
 one crown, with the fame language, religion 
 laws, and judicial procefs; fo, to fettle it in 
 laiting happinefs, and to remove all old quarrels 
 It might be call’d by one name ;) King * Barnes 
 gfay)inthefecondyearof his reign, did bv 
 Proclamation alTume the ftilc .and title of Kim 
 
 ■ wtefoever, except 
 
 in the Inliruments of Law. 
 
 clxxii 
 
 ^General Rules^ whereby to know the 
 Original of the Rames of 
 PLACES in England. 
 
 A B, in the beginning of names of Piaces, 
 is oft-times a contradion of Abbot, and 
 'implies, either that a Monaffery was there, or 
 that the place belonged to fome Monaffery. 
 
 AC,AK, being Initials in the names of Places, 
 fignify an Oak, from the Saxon Ac, an Oak. 
 
 AL, ATTLE, ADLE, do all feem to be 
 corruptions of the Saxon /e)?el. Noble, famous ; 
 as alfo ALLING and ADLING, are corrup- 
 tions of jEl^eling, noble, fplendid, famous. 
 
 AL, ALD, being initials, are derived from 
 the Sa.xon Ealo, ancient ; and fo is oft-times the 
 initial All, being melted by the Normans, from 
 the Saxon eal6. 
 
 AL, HAL, are derived from the Saxon 
 bealle, z. e. a haU, ei Palace: So, in Gothick, 
 alh fignifies a T’emple, or any other famous 
 
 ASK, ASH, AS, do all come from the Saxon 
 
 xyc, unA/h-tree. 
 
 BAM, BEAM, being initials in the name of 
 anyplace, ufuaily imply it to be, or at leaft to 
 ha.ve been, woody i from the Saxon beam, which 
 we ufe in the fame fenfe to this day. 
 
 BARROW, whether in the beginning or end 
 of names of Places, fignifies a Grove ■, from 
 beappe, which the Saxons us’d in the fame 
 fenfe. 
 
 BRAD, being an initial, fignifies broad, fpa- 
 cious, from the Saxon bpa6, and the Gothick 
 braid. 
 
 BRIG (and poffibly alfo BRIX) is derived 
 from the Saxon bpicg, abridge-, which to this 
 day in the northern Counties is called a brine, 
 and not a bridge. ^ 
 
 BROWN, BOURN. 
 
 BUKNj are all derived from the Saxon bopn, 
 boupn, bpunna, bupna ; all fignifying a River. 
 
 BUR, BOUR, BOR, come from tlie Saxon 
 bup, a.\\ inner chamber, or place of floade and Re- 
 tirement. 
 
 BURROW, BURH, BURG, are derived 
 from the Saxon bupg, bypig, a City, Tmm, 
 Tower, or Caflle. 
 
 BYE, BEE, came immediately from the 
 by, bying, i. e. a dweUing. 
 
 CAR, CHAR, in the names of places, feem 
 to have relation to the Britilh Caer, a Citv 
 
 CASTOR, CHESTER, are derived from 
 the Saxon ceaj-cep, a City, Town, or Caftle i and 
 that, from the Latin Cafirum the S.axons chu- 
 hng to fix in fuch places of ftrength and figure, 
 as the Romans had before built or fortified 
 CHIP, CHEAP, CHIPPING, in the names 
 ot places, imply a market ; from the Saxon 
 cyppan, ceapan, to iuy or traffzck. 
 
 COMB, in the end, ana COMP in the be- 
 ginning of names, feem to be derived from the 
 
 COT, COTE, COAT, are all from the 
 Saxon coc, a Cottage. 
 
 CI^G, is inBritHh a rough ficef rock, and is 
 ufed in the fame fenfe in the northern Coun- 
 ties, at this day. 
 
 DEN, maylignifie either a ora uWy 
 pltice, mr the Saxon 6en imports bocli. 
 
 DER, in the beginning of names of Places, is 
 generally to be derived from 6eop, a wild-beaft: 
 unlefs the place ftand upon a river; for then 
 It may ratlier be fetch’d from the Britilh dur, 
 
 1. e. water. 
 
 f 
 
 ER, 
 
clxxiii 
 
 General Rules to know the Names ^Places. 
 
 clxxiv 
 
 ER, a fyiiable in the middle of names of 
 places, comes by contraftion from the Saxon 
 pana dweUers. 
 
 erne, ERON, do immediately flow from 
 the Saxon epn, eapn, a couage, or flace of retire- 
 ment. 
 
 EY, EA, EE, may either come from 15 an 
 IJlandy by melting the Saxon 5 into y, which is 
 •ufually done ; or from the Saxon ea, which 
 fignifies a water, river, &c. or laftly, from leag 
 a field, by the fame kind of melting. 
 
 FLEET, FLEOT, PLOT, are all derived 
 from the Saxon pleoc, w'hich fignifies a bay, or 
 gulj. 
 
 GRAVE, a final Syllable in the names of 
 Places, is from the Saxon 5pae}:, a Grove, or Cave. 
 
 HAM, whether initial or final, is no other 
 than the Saxon bam, a boufe, farm, or village. 
 
 HOLME, HOWME, whether jointly or 
 fingly, comes from the Saxon bolm, a river- 
 Iflund', or, if the place be not fuch, the fame 
 W’ord fignifies alfo a hill, or mountain. 
 
 HOLT, whether at the beginning or end- 
 ing of the name of any place, fignifies, that it is, 
 or hath been, woody, from the Saxon bole, a 
 wood or fometimes, poflibly, from the Saxon 
 bol, i. e. hollow, efpecially when the name ends 
 in tun or dun. 
 
 HYRST, HURST, HERST, are all from 
 the Saxon hypyc, a wood or grove. 
 
 INGE, in the names of places, fignifies a 
 meadow, from the Saxon ing of the fame import. 
 
 LADE, is the mouth of a river, and is deri- 
 ved from the Saxon laOe, which fignifies a pur- 
 ging or difeharging-y there being a difeharge oi the 
 waters, into the Sea, or into fome greater river. 
 
 LEY, LEE, LAY, are all from the Saxon 
 Leag, Si field or pafiure-, bythenfual melting of 
 the letter 5. 
 
 LOWE, LOE, come from the Saxon bleap, 
 a hill, heap, or harrow j and fo the Gothick 
 hlaiw, is a monument, or barrow. 
 
 MARSH, MARS, MAS, are derived from 
 the Saxon meppe, a fenn, or fem^ place. 
 
 MER, MERE, whether in the beginning, 
 middle, or end, always fignify the fame with 
 the Saxon mepe, i. e. a pool, or lake. ^ 
 
 OVER, hath a double fignification in the 
 names of places, according to the different fitu- 
 
 ations of them. If the place be upon, or near, 
 a river, it comes from the Saxon opep, or oppe, 
 a brink, or bank : But if there is in the neigh- 
 bourhood another of the fame name, diftin- 
 guifiied by the addition oi Nether-, then Over 
 is from the Saxon up.ap, i. e. upper, and nether 
 from the Saxon nijjep, i. e. lower. 
 
 PRES, PREST, feem to be derived from the 
 Saxon Ppeop-, aPriefi; it being ufual, in after- 
 times, to drop the letter (o) in like cafes. 
 
 RIG, RIDGE, feem to fignify the top of a 
 hiU falling on each fide from the Saxon bpi^ge* 
 and tile Iflandick hriggur, both fignifying a back. 
 
 STEAD, STED, being in the name of a 
 Place that is diftant from any River, comes 
 from tlie Saxon p“e6, pcy6 a place ; but if it be 
 upon a river, or a harbour, it is to be derived 
 from pcaSe, a fime, or fiation for fhips. 
 
 STOKE, STOAK, feem to come from the 
 Saxon pcGCCe, fignifying the fiock or body of a 
 tree. 
 
 STOWE, STOE, whether fingly or jointly, 
 are the fame v ith the Saxon pcop, a Place. 
 
 THORP, THROP, THREP, TREP, 
 TROP, are all from the Saxon -ijopp, which 
 fignifies a Village. 
 
 TON, TUN, are derived from the Saxon 
 cun, a hedge, or wad; and this feems to be from 
 dun a hid ; the Towns being anciently built on 
 hills, for the fake of defence and proteftion, in 
 times of war. 
 
 WEALD, WALD, WALT, whether fingly 
 or jointly, fignify awood or grove, from the Saxon 
 peald, a word of the fame import. 
 
 WERTH, WEORTH, WYRTH, whether 
 initial or final in the names of Places, fignify a 
 farm, court, or vidage, from the Saxon peopSigi 
 ufed by them in the fame fenfe. 
 
 WIC, WICH, come from the Saxon pic, 
 which, according to the different nature and 
 condition of Places, hath a threefold fignificati- 
 on ; implying, either a vidage, or a bay made by 
 the winding banks of a river, or a Cafile. 
 
 WIN, in the names of Places, implies a 
 battle fought there -, for fo the Saxon pin 
 fignifies. 
 
 WOLD, whether fingly or jointly, fignifies 
 a plain open Country ; from the Saxon po'ld, a plain, 
 and a place without wood. 
 
 NOTES 
 
clxxv 
 
 NOTES 
 
 UPON THE 
 
 SAXON COINS. 
 
 General Remarks, ly Mr. Wa l k e r. 
 
 I. 
 
 H E Saxons and Franks bordered 
 upon one another in their anci- 
 ent feats between the Elbe and 
 the Rhine, and changed their 
 countries much about the fame 
 time ; i. e. a little before the 
 year of Chrift 450. For a 
 King of the Franks dying, left two fons, who 
 contended for the Kingdom ; the elder (whofe 
 name we know not) took part with Attila, and 
 brought an army to him ; as the younger did 
 to Aetius. This fcems, by good authors, to 
 have been Mercvenst a very valiant Prince, and 
 great friend to the Romans. To him, after 
 that great battle, Aetius gave part of Gallia, 
 then very much depopulated by thofe deftrudive 
 wars : which he going to pofTefs, took with him 
 the whole remainder of his nation ; into whofe 
 country the Saxons fucceeded. But a few years 
 after, a confiderable part of them relinquiihed 
 it, accepting that invitation into Britain. Both 
 nations feem to hav'e Ipoken the lame language, 
 and retained the fame cuftoms, and to have 
 imitated one another, as in many other things, 
 fo in their coins ; both as to figure, weight, 
 and manner of ftamping. On the one fide 
 placing the King’s face, and fometimes his 
 name only ; on the other, the name of the 
 Mint-mafter, and fometimes of the governour 
 of the place where coined. So that there is 
 little or no Erudition to be gained by them : 
 (though their predeceflbrs, the Britains, were 
 careful, after their embracing Chriftianity, to 
 exprefs fome of its cuftoms and ceremonies.) 
 But in this they differed, that the Franks ufed 
 more variety, and frequent changes, both of 
 allay, weight, and value, in their coins j and 
 their Princes made more ufe of their feigneuragey 
 or fovereign power of coining, to the no fraail 
 difadvantage and trouble of their fubjefts ; in- 
 fomuch that they petition'd King Charles VII. 
 to quit this his prerogative] and on that condi^ 
 non they would confent, that he Ihould impofe 
 upon them tatl/es (taxes) and aides. To which 
 the King confented] referving to himfelf only 
 luch a ^oportion of the feigneurage, as might 
 pay the Officers of the mint, and the charges 
 ot fabrication. Whereas, this Nation hath ve- 
 
 ry feldom praflifed it, either then, or finee-' 
 
 And though the French writers very much ap- 
 plaud us for it ; yet the reafon may be, that we 
 have not fuch great occalions and neceffities to 
 force us to it. Therefore neither have we fuch 
 variety of laws, records, or regulations of 
 moneysy as in France are in the Court des monnoiest 
 eftablifhed for thofe orderings and pleas con- 
 cerning their money. And I conceive the rea- 
 fon tp be,- becaufe very much more money was 
 requifite to be coined in that rich and Ipacious 
 dominion (which w'as, becaufe of its fitua- 
 tion, exc^dingly frequented by merchants ]) 
 than in this fmall corner ; as, I think, appears 
 from this, that all our money is readily fabri- 
 cated in one place, whereas in France mor-e 
 than twenty are hardly fufficient. And though, 
 in the Saxon times, the like licence was granted 
 to fev'eral cities and large towns ] yet it feems, 
 by the remains which we find of them, that no 
 great quantity was here coined] nor can I 
 imagin whence they Ihould procure any great 
 quantity of bullion. 
 
 Though there be not much Erudition in B. 
 thele coins (as indeed neither was there in the 
 times of the later Emperors of Rome, who after 
 Aurelian, did more regard the profir of the 
 money, than the honour of their adiions,) yet 
 iomething now and then occurs. But I think 
 there is no man who would not be glad to fee 
 the countenances, and other relias, ' of their 
 viaonous Anceftors, For, notwithftanding 
 what fome have written, it feems very difficult 
 to (hew fuch a fucceifion of worthy Princes in 
 any nation, as were thofe of the Saxons; efpe- 
 w'li fuEceffors of Cerdkin the 
 
 Welt. For, even when Pagans, they were very 
 aSive, valiant, and warlike ; and governed their 
 people in great juftice and peaceablenefs. A- 
 monglt fo many of them, it is wonderful to fee 
 how few were flothful, or vicious. 
 
 Concerning their coins in general, it is oh- BI. 
 lervable, that we had much fewer of brafs, 
 than filvet; [till a vaft quantity of them were 
 found at Rippon, But as to Go/d, Mr. 
 
 mere are no Saxon moneys of that metal in any 
 Kepofitory now in being, nor mention of fuch 
 in anyauthentickRecord.1 Moft of their Coins 
 

clxxvii 
 
 Saxon COINS. 
 
 clxxviii 
 
 are alfo fmall (pennies^ equal to about three of 
 our pence. They are likewife thin, to hinder 
 falfifying. The Kings, even when the King- 
 dom was reduced to one Monarchy, liad feve- 
 ral minting-houies. Divers Bifhops alfo, and 
 fome Noblemen, had privileges to coin. King 
 ^thelftan had at London eight j at Wmcbefier 
 fix j at Lewis, Haflings, Hampton, Wereham, in 
 each two ; at Chkbejier one j at Rochejier three, 
 (the King two, the Bifhop one) ; at Canterbury 
 (even, (the King four, theArchbifhop two, the 
 Abbot one) &c. The reverfe upon their coins 
 was for the moll part quarterly divided : for at 
 firll they made no other money, and when they 
 would have a half-penny or farthing, they 
 broke them into two or four parts ; and thefe 
 are called broken money to this day. Hoveden 
 faith, that Henry 1 . was the firll that coined 
 half-pence and farthings, becaufe before his time, 
 when any one would pay a halj-penny or farthing, it 
 was done by breaking the penny into two or four parts. 
 Harding alfo faith, that Edward IV. was the 
 firll, who coined groats or great pennies ; which I 
 think is falfe, for thofe peices were ftamp’d in 
 Mr. TBor£rii)^.£(i^,ard the third’s time, fas appears byfeveral, 
 coined in that reign, both at York and London, 
 and now preferved in the Mufasum of Mr. 
 Tforesby. One of which (to put this matter 
 out of all doubt) has Aquitain', which Ihewsthat 
 it was minted before the Kings of England 
 alfumed the title of France. But in the noble 
 Repofitory of the Right Honourable the Earl of 
 Pembroke, an accurate Judge in this, and ma- 
 ny other parts of Learning, there is a much 
 greater Rarity, viz. a Groat of King Edward 
 the Firll -, which Prince (and not Henry I.) took 
 away the ufe of broken monies, and coined 
 half-pence and farthings round, which conti- 
 nued till the reign of King James I. who left 
 off coining of filver farthings.*] The Danes 
 alfo, whilll titey governed here, ufed the 
 Saxon-like penny j though they reckoned by 
 \ Oras* iOres; but having never feen any of them, 
 
 I conceive it was not the name of any coin, but 
 ufed only in accounting j as with us, a tnark, 
 a noble, &c. 
 
 jY Ingulfus obferves, that the Saxon alphabet 
 was changed by King iElfred, who being very 
 learned and curious, introduc’d the French 
 manner of writing. Their former hand feems 
 to have borrowed much from the Runic, as you 
 may fee in the Table added to the lafl plate of 
 the Roman Coins. That which he introduced, 
 was according to the bell Roman at that time 
 ufed, though he took it from the French. For, 
 by thofe charafters, we may make a good 
 judgment of the writings of thofe times, and 
 the antiquity of the Manufcripts. Their IV 
 (the form w'hereof may be feen in the Saxon 
 Alphabet) was peculiar to them : it feems to 
 have been in pronunciation the fame with the 
 jy confonant j which anciently, I believe, did 
 not partake of the B. For that found, the Em- 
 peror Claudius invented the Digamma JEoUcum ; 
 but, after his death, it was difufed. Fir the 
 Saxons pronounced were ; vallum, wall j vidua, 
 widwe a widow, and the like. The Greeks 
 exprefied Vefpajianus, by Oviaa<una.y'os : o?»©', the 
 Latins called vinum, the Saxons wine. More 
 may be obferved concerning their alphabet 
 W'hich perhaps may be confidered in another 
 place. 
 
 V. [The Saxon Coins in the following Tables, 
 Mr. which are dillinguifhed from the reft by their 
 
 largenefs, are fuppofed by perfons of Curiofity 
 to be indeed larger by far than the Originals j 
 and tho’ Speed hath delineated them fo, before 
 the lives of the Monsrchs, it is certain, that 
 
 t 
 
 the Saxon pcjlliiig w as merely nominal, as our 
 , Marks and Nobles, and that no larger pieces 
 were ever coined, than their Pennies, which in 
 their dimenlions are between the Sizes of the 
 three pem.es and groats of the late hammered mo- 
 nies. And to put this matter beyond difpute, 
 tho’ fome of thefe large pieces are afcribed to 
 Sir Andrew Fountain and Mr. T'horesby, they 
 have, in their refpedlive Mufaum’s, none larger 
 than the common fort ; one only excepted, + Poumain’s 
 W'hich yetis no larger, than according to the^T- 
 t draught thereof. ® rf-f- 
 
 1 0 make the Saxon Coins more intelligible to VI. 
 fuch as arc not w'ell acquainted with tlieir 
 Charadtersi befides Mr. Walker’s Notes, the 
 Infcriptions in each Table are given in modern 
 charadlers by Mr. 7 'horesby i the remaining let- 
 ters of each word (not exprejfed in the Infcrip- 
 tion) being added in fmaller letters.] 
 
 Saxon Coins. Tab, I. 
 
 Isotes upon Tab. I. hy Mr. WALKER, 
 
 T H E firll and fecond are of the fame i 
 Cuthred King of Kent, (there feem very 
 few coins of the Kings of Kent, ext.ant). There 
 were alfo tw o of the fame name, Weft-Saxons, 
 and Chriftians. This Cuthred was by Coenuulf 
 King of Mercia made King inftead of Ead- 
 bertus Pren. He reigned (though obfcurely, 
 as being fet up by an enemy) eight years, and 
 died Anno 805. 
 
 The third is of Plegmund, Anno ^90. chofen 3 * 
 by God and all his Saints (faith the S.axon Chro- 
 nicle) to be Archbilhop of Canterbury. He 
 was a perfon of excellent worth, for learning, 
 prudence, and devotion : at firll, an Hermit 
 living near Cheller whence he was brought 
 by King Alfred, both to inftrudl him v/hen 
 young, and advife him when he came to his 
 Kingdom ; by whom alfo he was thus ad- 
 vanced. He was in great veneration in the 
 whole Church, as appears by the Archbilhop of 
 Rhemes letters: he deces.(ed Anno ^23. 
 
 The fourth, Do/wof/ji confecrated Archbilhop, 
 Sept. I. 830, avid Anno 83 1 received the 
 um ; he died Ann. 870. He was commonly 
 called, T’he good Bijhop. 
 
 The fifth, Eadberht, w'as the name of two 
 Kings of Kent, and of one of Northumberland. 
 Which of thefe coined this money, is uncertain. 
 
 His name (as too many of thofe of our ancient 
 Kings) is diverfiy written, as Edbert, Ead- 
 bert, &c. The Reverfe (a. Dragon) if yet it be 
 a Dragon (v. Tab. i. Seft. 3.) was an eiifign 
 ufed by divers of the Northern Princes. This 
 feems copied from one of Antiochus Epiphanes. 
 The Romans, trom Trajan’s conquering of the 
 Dacians, ufed it alfo i but their’s was in the 
 form of a great ferpent, and not of an Imagi- 
 nation, as this is. 
 
 The dth, Ecgbert, was the name alfo of di- 
 vers Saxon Kings j one of Kent, one of Nor- 
 thumberland, one of Mercia ; befides him of 
 the Weft-Saxons, who reduced all the King- 
 doms into one Monarchy. For whom this coin 
 was made, is to me unknown : he feems placed 
 between two crolfes in imitation of fome of the 
 Eallern Emperors. The reverfe feems to be 
 only the name of theMint-mafter. Viborhtusis 
 a name Hill in reputation in the North j it may 
 be this Ecberht was the Northumbrian. 
 
 7, The 
 
clxxix 
 
 Saxon CO I N 
 
 dxxx 
 
 7. The feventh, Cutbred', whether the fame 
 with the former, is not known. I rather think 
 him to be the Weft-Saxon, the brother of Ethel- 
 werd, about the year 740; a valiant and victo- 
 rious Prince. Sigebert feems to have been the 
 Noble-perfon, wTio was commander of the place 
 where this was coined. 
 
 4 The eighth, Ahedy is Albred King of Nor- 
 thumberland 7<5> ; he reigned eight years, 
 
 and, at York, v-as expelled his Kingdom Anno 
 '1']^^. On the reverfe, Edv:iny feems to have 
 been a Nobleman. 
 
 ^ The ninth, Eanred, may either be Eanfrid 
 or Eandrcd, both Kings of Northumberland. 
 Efinjridy eldeft fon of Ethelfrith, vvas expelled 
 his country by Edwin j who had llain his father, 
 and ufurped the Kingdom Anno6i’jy but being 
 flail! by Ceadwalla and Penda, Eantrid returned 
 to the crown (534, and was baptized, and 
 built St. Peter^s Church at York (of which 
 S. Edwin had laid the foundation) making 
 Paulinus Bifhop. Eadv^in on the reverfe, feems 
 to have fucceeded Eanfrid, after fome years. 
 
 10. The tenth, ^Ifredy feems by the cypher or 
 monogram on the reverfe, to have been the 
 King of Northumberland (the face not corre- 
 fponding to that of iElfred the Weft-S.axon). 
 He murthered his true and lawful Prince Anno 
 755 i and himfelf w'as expelled alfo. He is 
 faid to have been very learned : to Ihew which, 
 it may be, he ftamped that Monogram on the 
 reverfe : (after the example of divers Conftanti- 
 nopolitan Emperors, but not after thofe of the 
 Franks i) which was begun by Charles the 
 Great, probably becaufe he could not write fo 
 much as his name, as Eginhart faith ; and 
 that, even in his old age, he vainly endeavoured 
 to learn. 
 
 The eleventh, Edilredy feems to have' been 
 Ethelred King of the Northumbers, fon of 
 Mollo. After he had- reigned four years, he 
 w'as driven out, and Readuulf crowmed ; who 
 being fl.ain by the Danes at Alvethlic, Ethelred 
 again fuc(teeded. But carrying himfelf tyran- 
 nically, particularly murthering Oelf (Alfus) 
 and Oelfwdn, (Alfwin) fons of Alfwold, he 
 was again expelled, and died in banifhment. 
 There was alio another Ethelred, fon of Ean- 
 dred, a tributary King of the Northumbers •, 
 w ho was forced from his Kingdom in the fourth 
 year of his reign : and, being again reftored, he 
 was flain four years after. 
 
 12. 'The twelfth Eandredy fon of Eardulf, King 
 of the Northumbers, reigned thirty years after 
 Alfwold the Ufurper: Afterwards, hefubmit- 
 ted to Egbert. 
 
 13, 14. 'T'he thirteenth and fourteenth belong toOffa, 
 the Mercian King (the reverfe being the fame 
 in both, who feems to have been a Nobleman, 
 and not a Mint-mafter.) Three of that name. 
 An. 803. fublcribed the Synod at Clove/ho, and 
 another fucceeded S. Boniface in the Arch- 
 bifhoprick of Mentz.. Oft’a having (lain Beorn- 
 red Ann. 557. reigned over the Mercians : a 
 Prince he was of great courage and fuccefs in 
 arms ,• but not juft nor virtuous : for he bafely 
 murthered Ethelbriht King of the Eaft-Angles 
 (enticing him to his Palace that he might mar- 
 ry his daughter,) and feized upon his kingdom. 
 He had much entercourfe, and at length 
 friendfhip alfo, with Charles the Great. He 
 drew a Trench of wondrous length from fea to 
 fea, feparating the Mercians from the Welch i 
 part w hereof remains vifible to this day. He 
 was the firft w ho granted a perpetual Tax to 
 the Pope out of every Houfe in his Kingdom, at 
 his being at Rome; and gave very bountifully, 
 after his return, to the Clergy, by w'ay of Pe- 
 nance for his Sins. He died An. 7^4. 
 
 The fifteenth Beomuulfy a valiant man, j. 
 ufurped the Kingdom of Mercia from Ceolnulft 
 and in his third year w^as overthrown by King 
 Egbert at EUendony An. 823. He retired thence 
 to the Eaft-Angles (as part of his dominion, 
 by the feifure of King Ofta,) w'ith the re- 
 mainder of his army, and W'as there encounter’d, 
 and llain: Whereupon the Eaft-Angles fur- 
 render’d themfelves to Egbert. The reverfe I 
 take to be Mcneta. 
 
 The fixteenth, Ludican, fucceeded Beomuulf • 
 in Mercia, An. 824. He reigned only two 
 years : tlien, preparing to re\’enge the death of 
 Beomuulf, his kinfman, upon the Eaft-Angles, 
 he was by them, with his five furprized 
 
 and flain. The reverfe I underhand not. 
 
 The feventeenth Berhtulfy An. 838. reigned 17. 
 in Mercia, but as feudatary to the Weft-Saxons ; 
 being much molefted with the invafions of the 
 Danes, he quitted his Kingdom, and retired 
 to a private life. The reverfe is lJulfbean ; but 
 who he was, is unknown. 
 
 The eighteenth, Swr^reciwas byKingEtbe/un/f s8- 
 made King of the Mercians, and m.arried his 
 daughter Ethelfwith. To avoid the oppreftion 
 of the Danes, he refigned his kingdom, and re- 
 tired to Rome j where he lived in great repu- 
 tation of Sandtity till his death. His Queen 
 alfo enter’d into a Monaftery at Paviay and 
 there died. Thc; reverfe is Vvhney only the 
 Mint-raafter. There arc divers other of his 
 Coins, but, differing only in the names of the 
 Mint-mafters, they feem nor worthy to be 
 inferred. 
 
 The nineteenth fe'ems (however unlike the 
 faces are on the Coins,) to have been of thc fame 
 perfon. The reverfe feems to be Moneta Uulf- 
 jard j who he was, is not known. 
 
 The twentieth, is of Adulf or Aldulfy King zesi 
 of the Eaft-Angles, fon of Ethelwald’s brother j 
 a very worthy and pious Prince, as appears by 
 the reverfe i and a great friend to venerable 
 Bede : What Prijin me.ans I know not. The 
 reverfe is remarkable, becaufe his name is other- 
 wife fpeli’d, than upon the Coins. 
 
 The one and tw^entieth is Sr. King 21. 
 
 of the Eaft-Angles, crowned at fourteen years 
 old, at Buersy againft his will: a very pious, 
 valiant, and hopeful Prince. In the year 871. 
 his kingdom was invaded by the Danes; a- 
 gainft whom moft valiantly fighting at Tbeo^ord, 
 his army was routed, and himfelf taken and 
 fhot to death with arrows. Neither this, nor 
 the two following, feem to have been Coined 
 by him ; but, as I conceive, by fome of the 
 Weft-Saxon Edmunds, who were all very much 
 devoted to this holy martyr ; tho’ they may alfo- 
 denote king Alfred. The reverie fecrnis to be 
 the name of the Mint-mafter. 
 
 The reverfe of the two and twentieth, Oda 22. 
 Moneta , the place I underftand not. 
 
 On the three and twentieth, fomam mefe- 23. 
 cky lignifies, that Jomam was the Mint-mafter. 
 
 Me fecity is common upon the Coins of the 
 Franks, in Gallia. 
 
 The twenty-fourth, Mthelred Rex Anglorumy 24. 
 feems not to have been one of the Weft-Saxons; 
 the firft of whom is commonly written AZthered; 
 and the fecond is neither in countenance nor 
 habit like this. There are mentioned in our 
 Hiftories, an Ethelred, fucceflbr to his brother 
 Wulfred in Mercia: another, the fon oiMoUo', 
 and another the fon of Eandred, of whom we 
 h.ave already fpokeii. He is faid to have mar- 
 ried Leofmn, mother to Ethelbert, who was 
 murthered by Offa ; and to have reigned fifty 
 years : little befides is known of him. The 
 reverfe feems to be a devout acknowledgment of 
 
cixxxi 
 
 Safton COINS. 
 
 clxxxii 
 
 his being fuftained by the hand of Almighty 
 God, who is Al^ha and Omega. Who HoUx,ard 
 was, is not known. This feems to have been 
 coined at Noru:ich. 
 
 The twenty-fifth is like this reverfe, on 
 both fides, but of what Prince unknown : it is 
 read "tuna morieta Eaxceaflevy as I conceive. I 
 cannot make fenfe of the Reverfe. 
 
 The twenty-fixth feems to be Sigjrid MonetUt 
 a King of the Eafl-Saxons; called alfo Smejredy 
 and denominated Sigfrid the good. He makes no 
 great figure in our Annals. It is not ufual to 
 add Moneta to the King’s name. Concerning 
 Euuray I can find nothing. 
 
 27. The twenty-feventh feems to have been King 
 of the Eaft-Saxons, fon of Siger; a very come- 
 ly and virtuous perfon, and exceedingly be- 
 loved of his people. Yet, devotion prevailing, 
 after a fliort reign, he, with Kenred King of 
 Mercia, went to Rome in the time of Pope 
 Conftantine, and there retired into a Monaftery. 
 Ibha on the reverfe, feems to be fome Noble- 
 man. 
 
 a8. The twenty-eighth, Edmund Rex, feems to 
 have been one oftheWeft-SaxonEJmwKdf. The 
 reverfe may be, Edmund Martyr. 
 
 35?. The twenty-ninth I do not underftand. 
 
 30. The thirtieth. For w'hich of the Athelfians 
 this was, I know not, as neither the reverfe. 
 
 31. The thirty-firfi:, EaKfla Afx. I cannot find 
 f See Thoref.^xiy fuch name in all our Hiftories. The re- 
 by, on this ygj.fe feems to mention f Oxfords 
 
 oin, ow. Xhethirty-fecond : I cannot find any mention 
 of Heareth and Herred. 
 
 The thirty-third is imperfed. 
 
 The thirty-fourth feems not to beAElfred the 
 Weft-Saxon, becaufe the name is fpell’d other- 
 wife. Ounig is alfo unknown. 
 
 The thirty-fifth is to me unknown. 
 
 32. 
 
 33 - 
 
 34. 
 
 35 - 
 
 Notes upon Tab. I. 
 
 By Mr. T H O R E S B Y. 
 
 J ift, ^VTHRED REX. Reverfe, EABA. 
 
 j’ 2d. CVTHRED REX CANTij. 
 
 Reverfe, EABA MONETArius. 
 
 3d, PLEGMVND ArCHIEPifcopus. Re- 
 verfe, EIDMVND MOnetarius. 
 
 . 4th, CEOLNOTH ARCHIEPifcopus. Re- 
 
 verfe, DIALA MONETA DORObernenis. 
 
 * jth, EOTBEREHTVS. Reverfe, a Dragon 
 
 without any Infcription : Speed takes this for 
 Ethelbert, the firft Chriftian IGng of Kent: 
 Sir Andrew Fountain, more probably, for Ead- 
 hert King of Northumberland, to which the 
 fmallnefs of the piece (being no bigger than 
 the brafs j-ciccaj- of thofe ages) inclines me. 
 
 6. ( 5 th, ECGBERT the Northumbrian King. 
 Reverfe, VIBEREHTVS. 
 
 7. 7th, CVTHRED REX. Reverfe, SIGE- 
 BERHT. 
 
 8. 8th, EALRED REX {Northumbria.) Re- 
 verfe, EADWINL 
 
 pth, EANRED REX {Nor.) Reverfe, 
 EADWINI. 
 
 10. loth, AELREDREx {Nor.) the H at the! 
 King’s Beard, ftands for the Letter X, for which 
 * Uota in there is no room in its due place, as * Dr. U'otm 
 Swflfp. 1. obferves. Upon the Reverfe, a Cypher 
 
 or Monogram, which Mr. Edward ‘thwaits con- 
 jedureS to be CIVITas NORTHVICum, and 
 confequencly afcribes the Coin to Alfred the 
 Great Norwich not being a place of any note in 
 the time of the Northumbrian Alfred. (Mr. 
 notes upon Alfred’slKt, p.,i(54.) 
 
 nth, EDILRED rex North. Reverfe, 
 MONNE. 
 
 1 2th, EANRED REX {North.) Reverfe, 
 FORDRED. 
 
 13th, OFFA REX {Merc.) Reverfe, 
 LVLLA. 
 
 14th, Same Infcription. 
 
 15th, BEORHWLF REX (ilierc.) Reverfe, 
 MOHN. 
 
 id^th, LVDICA REX MErciorum, Re- 
 verfe, WERBALD orBALDWER MONEta 
 (or Monetarius.) 
 
 17th, BERHTVLF REX {Merciorum.) Re- 
 verfe, VTLLEHEAH. 
 
 18th, BVRGRED REX {Merc.) Reverfe, 
 WHNEorWINEMONETArius. X>r. Wot- 
 ton inclines to have the E, after WIN in the 
 reverfe, to fignify 6opl, the EarTs money . 
 
 ipth, BVRGRED REX {Merc.) Reverfe, 
 VVLFEARD MONETArius. 
 
 20th, AVDVLFIVS PRISIN (what the 
 latter word fignifies, I know not.) Reverfe, 
 VICTVRIA ADVLFO. 
 
 2 ill, SC (Sandus) EADMVND REx A. 
 Reverfe, WINEFeR MONETArius. Dr. 
 Wotton makes it WINIF Regis MONETA- 
 Rius. 
 
 22d, Reverfe, ODO MONERLIA.- 
 ODO MONEtarius Regis LINcoIn, Dr, 
 Wotton, p. 9. 
 
 23d, lOMA. Monetarius ME FECIT. 
 Thefe three were coined in memory of St. Ed- 
 mund, King of the Eafl Angler, and, I fuppofe, 
 from the A in the Center, by King Alfred. 
 
 24th, iETHELRED REX ANGLORum 
 {An. P78.) Reverfe, FOLCEARD MOneta 
 NORTHumbrorum ; as Mr. Walker in the 
 latin Edition of King Alfred’s life ; dr Norwich, 
 as Sir Andrew Fountain. 
 
 25th, TVNA MOnetarlus EAXEEST 
 fExeter.) 
 
 2dth, SYCFRADNII. Reverfe, EVVRA 
 MHO (monetarius). 
 
 27th, OFFA. REX. Reverfe, IBBA. 
 
 28th, EADMVND REX(p 4I.) Reverfe, 
 EADMVND Monetarius. 
 
 2pth, Unknown. 
 
 30th, iETHELSTAN REX (925.) Re- 
 verfe, fVLLSIG or WAVLLSIG, {Wulftg.) 
 The Building is revers’d by the Engraver s 
 miftakfe, 
 
 3 ift. What is fuppofed to refer to Oxford, is 
 certainlyKing Osbright; only rheLecters are to be 
 read the contrary way OSBVEHx XSX- 
 verfe + EVNAARE. The Letters are very 
 often thus mifplaced in the br.ifs pieces of that 
 age ; and fometiriies, tho’ much more rarely, I 
 have met with them fo upon the Roman Coins 
 of the Bafs Empire. 
 
 33d and 33d. Thefe feem imperfed. 
 
 34th, ELFRED REX. Reverfe, OYDIG 
 MONetarius. 
 
 35th, Seems to be of Edmund the Martyr, his 
 name is inverted DNVMg ; but what to make 
 of the reft of the Letters, I know not. Reverfe, 
 ENSAM MOneta. perhaps for Eve/bam or 
 Ef}am in Worcejlerfhhe. 
 
 11. 
 
 12. 
 
 G* 
 
 14. 
 
 15 - 
 
 Id. 
 
 17- 
 
 18. 
 
 20. 
 
 21. 
 
 22. 
 
 23. 
 
 24. 
 
 25. 
 2d. 
 
 27. 
 
 28. 
 
 2p. 
 
 30. 
 
 3 IV 
 
 32, 3 . 3 - 
 34. 
 
 35- 
 
 Saxen 
 
clxxxiii 
 
 Saxon COINS. 
 
 clxxxiv 
 
 Saxon Coins. Ta b. II. 
 
 I^otcs Upon Tab. II* ^ Mr, WALKER. 
 
 j r I iO the firft ; there were two Ethelweards, 
 one of the South, the other of the Weft- 
 Saxons ; this feems to be of the latter. In 
 fome writers he is called Etbelheaydus. Little is 
 remember’d of him •, befides that when King 
 went to Rome, Anno 728, he aflumed the 
 government of the Kingdom, and fought a 
 battle with Prince Ofwald : witli what fuccefs, 
 is not mentioned. He is faid to have governed 
 fourteen years. On the reverfe is Edmund, 
 with a ligature of feveral letters, which can- 
 not hand for St. Edmund the Martyr,fince that 
 happened not till Anm S70. After which time 
 there was xioiie, except Ethelbert, the fon of 
 iEtheltiulf j but he alfo was before the Martyr- 
 dom of St. Edmund. I rather think that cy- 
 pher to fignify fome mark of the Monetarim. 
 
 2. The fecond Coenuulf, called commonly Ke- 
 nulph, Kinulf, Ceoluulf. One of chat name W'as 
 adopted to be King of the Northumbers by 
 Ofric. Little more is known ofhim, than that 
 lie left his Kingdom, and became a Religious 
 at Lindisfarn. Another w'as King of the Weft- 
 Saxons, who reigned in great fplendor and re- 
 nown thirty one years. He was once worfted 
 by the great Offa at Benfington (now Benfon) in 
 Oxfordfhire. He was Lain at Mereton in 
 Surrey (by Kinheard, a feditious noble man, 
 who had been banifh’d by him) as he was with 
 a Lady there, too much affeded by him, about 
 A^nc 8d. But this Coenuulf feems to have been 
 a ^ing of Mercia, a very worthy Prince. 
 This Coin is of him ; he was a very powerful 
 and vidorious, as well as pious Prince ; and ac- 
 counted one of the great Saxon Monarchs. 
 He difpoflefs’d Ethelbertus Pren, King of Kent, 
 and took him prifoner, but afterwards releafed 
 him without ranfome or other condition. 
 
 I • The third, Beormerick (by Speed called Bri- 
 thrk i for of that other name we find no men- 
 tion in hiftories) was King of the Weft-Saxons, 
 and fueceeded Coenuulf. In the third year of 
 his reign, was the firft appearance of the Pi- 
 rates upon thefe coafts. Pirates, I call them, 
 becaufe they were not owned by any Sovereign 
 Prince till long after : but w'ere a confluence of 
 all forts of thieves, who, by fpoil and robbery, 
 arrived to much wealth, and had the confidence 
 to ereft a kind of Community or Republick at a 
 Ilrong town, now called WoUin in Pomerania 
 whence they w^nt out to rob, and laid up their 
 prey there. Brihtrick banifhedEcgberht, fear- 
 ing both the goodnefs of his title, and his great 
 abilities yet dying childlefs, he left the King- 
 dom to him. An. 800. He was poyfoned by 
 his wife, the wicked Eadburga j tailing by 
 chance of a Cup which fhe had prepared for 
 one of his favourites. Upon his death, flie 
 fled, W'ith all her treafures, into France ; when, 
 coming to Charles the Great, he ask’d her whom 
 fhe delired to marry, himfelf or his fon, there 
 prefent? Shefoolifhly anfwer’d, that if it were 
 in her choice, Ihe would marry his ion, becaufe 
 he was the younger. Whereupon the Emperor 
 told her, that if fhe had chofen himfelf, fhe 
 Ihould have married his fon ; but now, that 
 fhe fhould retire to fuch a monailery. Whence 
 alfo, for her incontinency, fhe was Ihortly 
 turned out, and died begging. 
 
 4. The fourth, Ecgherht, partly by conqueft, 
 partly by the fubmiflion of other Kingdoms, 
 
 united all into one dominion, calling it England ; 
 becaufe, as it is faid, himfelf, the King of the 
 Weft-Saxons, was an At^le. It feems that Al- 
 mighty God faw it necelfary, for refilling the 
 violence of the heathenifh Pirates, to unite the 
 intire force of all the Nation, yet little enough 
 to defend themfelves. He was aPrince (though 
 but of fmall ftature) of extraordinary wifdom 
 and valour for, being banilhed by Brithric, 
 he apply ’d himfelf to Charles the Great, w'ho be- 
 llowed upon him a confiderable poll in his 
 Army. And he was fignally blefl'ed with a 
 numerous fucceflion of moll worthy Princes of 
 his family and blood ; which indeed was necef- 
 I’ary for the prefervation of the Nation, and its 
 peace and unity. 
 
 The fifth, Cenedryd Regina, fome fuppofe to 5. 
 have been wife to the great Ofta, the Mercian, 
 and to have reigned alter his death •, and that 
 Eopa was one of her chief Minifters. But file 
 rather feems to have been the eldeft daughter of 
 Kenuulf the Mercian : to whom alfo he left the 
 care of Kenelm his fon ; whom, out of ambi- 
 tion, Ihe caus’d to be murthered by his Edu- 
 cator. After his death, fhe reigned fome time ; 
 and perhaps might be married to fome of the 
 Weft-Saxon Princes : As Eofa (a name frequent 
 amongll the Saxons) was the Son of Ingtlidm or 
 Ingilfm, brother of Ina; and therefore probably 
 might be in fome great, perhaps the chief, em- 
 ployment under her, or elfe married to her: 
 and for that reafon placed upon her Coin; 
 and not as a King, or a Bijhop, though he hath 
 a Crofs in his hand. That fhe was a Mercian, 
 appears by the letter M upon the reverfe. 
 
 The fixth and feventh are of King Mxhel- 
 ’molf, fon and heir of Egbert, a peaceable and 
 devout, yet very valiant. Prince. He firft gave 
 the tithe of his own Eftate, and afterwards of 
 the whole Kingdom, with the confent of the 
 Nobility, to the maintenance of the Clergy. 
 
 He obtained a very great and glorious vidory 
 over the Danes at f Adea. He fubdued alfo 4 perhaps 
 part of North-wales, upon the intreaty of Ockham, in 
 Burhred, King of Mercia ; and, out of great Surrey, 
 bounty and moderation, refigned it to him. 
 
 After, fetling the Kingdom, he had fo much 
 leifure, as to go to Rome (a journey mentioned 
 with honour by Anaftafius Bibliothecarius ;) 
 
 ' where he fojourned in very great efteem twelve 
 months. In his return, he married fuditha, 
 
 . the beautiful daughter of Carolm Calvm ; who, 
 afterEtheluulf’s death,was re-married toBaldwin 
 ferreum-latus, Forefter, and afterwards Count of 
 Flanders. At his return, his undutiful, if not 
 alfo rebellious fon, ^thelbald, endeavoured to 
 exclude him the Kingdom. Yet, notwith- 
 ftanding the Nobility freely offered their affift- 
 ance againft .^thelbald ; rather than engage in 
 a war with his own people, he, in wonderful 
 moderation, confented to divide the Kingdom, 
 and contented himfelf with the worfe half. 
 
 The eighth, Plegmmd, is out of its place ; 8* 
 
 yet nor to be omitted, becaufe on the reverfe is 
 the Pallium, or Archiepifcopal ornament re- 
 ceived from the Pope, who thereby acknow- 
 ledged and authorized fuch an one to the dig- 
 nity of an Archbifliop ; and from this alfo, 
 feems derived that which is now fince, even till 
 this time, the Arms of that Archbiftioprick, 
 though otherwife fafhioned. This of Pleg- 
 mund is not unlike the Pedum of the oriental 
 Bifliops. 
 
 The ninth. It is uncert.ain, for which 9 * 
 .^thelfian this was made, for there were divers. 
 
 One was King of Kent, a very valiant and 
 vidorious Prince againft the Danes (whether 
 he was the foil of Egbert or iEtheluulf, is not 
 
 eafily 
 
-<rW 
 
dxxxv 
 
 Sa^ion COINS. 
 
 clxxxvi 
 
 • eafily difcovered from our authors ; I rather 
 think him the fecond fon of Egbert.) Another 
 was a Dnnilh King, called Godnm, who was 
 overcome by King Alfred at Edington, and 
 afterwards Chriften’d, and call’d at his baptifm 
 iEthelftan ; of whom hereafter. But this feems 
 moft probably to have been the fon and fuccef- 
 for of Edward Senior. Regnald on the reverfe, 
 feems to have been the fon of Guthferth, the 
 fon of Sihtric, a Danifh King in Northumber- 
 Chron. Sax. land. An. 923. he took York j which he 
 Teems to have kept, till recover’d by .£thel- 
 ftan ; yea, though 5J24, it be faid, that the 
 Scots, and Regnald, and thefonofEadulf, and 
 all the inhabitants of Northumberland, had 
 chofen Edward Senior to be their Lord and fa- 
 ther. That was only for fear of his arms, and 
 they rebelled again prefently after his death. I 
 cannot but lament the mifery of this Nation in 
 thofe times. When (v. g.) in Northumber- 
 land, The Danifh Invaders had one King, the 
 Saxons another ■, and they had not their limits 
 diftinguiihed, but lived promifeuoufly one a- 
 mongft another j fo that here was always cer- 
 tain war, or uncertain peace. In the time of 
 King Edmund, ^k. 945. w'as baptized j 
 
 but relapfing (as it feems) he was by King 
 Edmund driven out of his Kingdom. The 
 Building upon the reverfe may perhaps fignify 
 fome repairing of the Minfter ; and AC may 
 alfo hand for Archiepifeopus, It is reported by 
 divers of our Hiftorians, that Ethelftan, in his 
 march towards the North, feeing a great num- 
 ber of people going upon the way, demanded 
 whither they went ? and being anfwer’d that 
 they went to viiit the Shrine of St. John of Be- 
 verly, who wrought many miracles, he refolved 
 to go thither alfo, and after having paid his de- 
 votions, vow^d, that if St. John would pray to 
 God for viffcory over his enemies, he w'ould 
 redeem his knife (which he there prefented and 
 left) with fomewhat of value ,* which he did at 
 his return with victory. And I have been in- 
 form’d, that about 1660, the people going to 
 See Yorkftiire repair fomething in that Church of Beverley^ 
 
 »t .Beverley, light accidentally on the CofEn of St. "John, up- 
 on the opening of which, they found the dried 
 body of the Saint, and an old fafhioned Knife 
 and Sheath. 
 
 10. The tenth and eleventh are of the valiant, 
 devout, and bountiful tliird fon of King 
 ^theluulf. He fought many and fore battles 
 againft the Danes, moft-what fuccefsfully. At 
 Afbdown (near Lamborn in Barkfhire) was a 
 moft terrible fight againft the whole body of the 
 Danifti forces, divided into two wings i one 
 under two of their Kings, the other led by j 
 their Earls. King oEthered divided his army I 
 iikewife into two bodies ; the one commanded 1 
 by his brother .Alfred, the other by himfelf. 
 .Alfred was ordered to fuftain their charge, 
 whilft King oEthered heard publick Prayers j 
 and though word was brought him that the 
 battle was begun, and his brother fiercely 
 charged, yet would he not rife from his Prayers 
 till all was ended j and then, after a moft ter- 
 rible battle, he obtained an entire and glorious 
 vitftory, wherein were flain one of their Kings, 
 and moft part of their Earls and chief Com- 
 manders. In another battle, this moft worthy, 
 valiant, and benign Prince, was mortally 
 wounded, and died at Winborn in Dorfet- 
 fhire. 
 
 11. In the eleventh, the name is as it is 
 
 alfo in the Teftament of King JElfred : the let- 
 ters of the former reverfe I cannot interpret j 
 in the latter, is Ofgut moneta. The other letters I 
 underftand not. 
 
 From the twelfth to the eighteenth, they are 12, 
 of the great jElfred. The reverfes of all, or 
 moft of them, feem to be Noblemen and Go- 
 vernours. The reverfe of the twelfth, ft-ems 
 to be in honour of St. Cuthbert, one of the hrft, 
 greateft, and moft famous of our Englilh Sa ints.; 
 
 His life is written botii in profe and verfe by 
 Venerable Bede, who was born fome time be- 
 fore Cuthbert died, fo that Jiis ftory was then 
 frefh in memory. "When King .Alfred was in 
 his loweft eftate, abfeonding in Athelney, Sr. 
 Cuthbert is faid to have appeared to him, and 
 to his wife’s mother, declarirg to them, that 
 Almighty God was reconciled to him, and par- 
 doned his offences (the chiefeft v hereof were 
 the negleft of his duty, and too much addition 
 to hunting in his )outh, as Sc. Neot warned 
 him) and would fuddenly give him a fignal 
 viftory over his enemies (which happened at 
 Edington in Wiltfhire,) ana would raUire him 
 to his Kingdom. The King, in giaiitude, 
 gave to the (ervice of God, in St. Cutt.bert's 
 Church, the Province called now the Biflioprick 
 of Durham, and put nis name upon his Coin : 
 as he did likew'ife that of Uulfred, Count 
 or chief governour of Hamftiire, upon the 
 thirteenti'K 
 
 Of the fourteenth I underftand neither fide. 
 
 The reverfe feer. s to be Bernualed-, but it is 
 unknown to me w'fio he w'as. Si. is alfo thacof 
 the fifteenth, only it w'as an eminent name a- 
 mongft them j as was alfo ^tUdfan on the 
 fixteenth. That upon the feventeemh, was 
 likely the valiant and noble Viceroy of Mercia^ 
 married to the King’s daughter Eiheifeda, a 
 woman of admirable wifdom, courage and zeal ; 
 in fum, a daughter worthy of fuch a father. 
 
 The eighteenth, is of Edward Senior, that jg, 
 vi^orious and glorious fon and fucceftor of King 
 Alfred', equal to his father in valour and mili- 
 tary skill, but iriferiour to him in learning and 
 knowledge. His adions are fufiicient for a vo- 
 lume. On his head is a clofe (or imperial) 
 crown, which is born by few, it any other, be- 
 fides the Kings of England. The reverfe is 
 Leofwine, or Lincoln. 
 
 The twenty-third, Beornwald. I rather 23 - 
 read it Deorwald, i. e. Deirorum fylva, York- 
 woulds J the chief Town w’iiereof was Bever- 
 ly. And the rather, becaufe of the twenty- - 4 '' 
 fourth, Diora Moneta, which feems to be the 
 money of the Deiri, or Torkjhire-men. 
 
 The reft of the Coins of this Prince are 
 eafily underftood. The names upon the re- 
 verfes feem to have been Noblemen or Go- 
 vemoiirs. The twenty-fifth is remarkable for 25. 
 the fpelling, Jedword ; the reverfe is Arnerin on 
 Eoferwic, i. e. York. The twenty-fixth hath 26. 
 the reverfe Otblric on Ring which might be 
 Ringboman in Lancaftiirc, a large Town, and 
 one of the eight which w^as built by his lifter 
 Ethelflede. Of the twenty-feventh, I do not 27. 
 underftand the reverfe. 
 
 The twenty-eighth is of that moft famous and 28.' 
 worthy King JEtheljian, the true progeny of 
 fuch a father and grandfather. In his youth, 
 his grandfather King Alfred faw fuch a ipirit 
 and indoles in him, that he foretold, if it 
 fhould pleafe God that he came to the Crown, 
 he would perform very great adions for the 
 good of his country ; and he made him alfo 
 (I think the firft that we find to have received 
 that honour in this nation) a Knight^ and gave 
 him ornaments accordingly^ the more likely^ 
 becaufe jElfred alfo order’d the robes and cere- 
 monies of the Coronation.' This Prince ex- 
 tended his Vidories Northward, even into 
 Scotland: Which countries, till his rime, were 
 a a never 
 
clxxxiii 
 
 Saxon COINS. clxxxiv 
 
 Saxon Coins. Tab. II. 
 
 l^oigs ttpon Tab. II* Mr. WALKER. 
 
 J[ one of the South, the other of the Weft- 
 Saxons ; this feems to be of the latter. In 
 fome writers he is called Etbelheardus. Little is 
 remember’d of him j befides that when King 
 /m/ 2 went to Rome, Anno 728, he afllimed the 
 government of the Kingdom, and fought a 
 battle with Prince Ofwald : with what fuccefs, 
 is not mentioned. He is faid to have governed 
 fourteen years. On the reverfe is Edmund, 
 with a ligature of feveral letters, which can- 
 not {land for St. Edmund the Martyr, fince that 
 happened not till Anno 870. After w'hich time 
 there was none, except Ethelbert, the fon of 
 jEtheluulf; but he alfo was betore the Martyr- 
 dom of St. Edmund. I rather think that cy- 
 pher to lignify fome mark of the Monetarim. 
 
 2. The fecond Coenuulfy called commonly Ke- 
 nul^h, Kinulf, Ceoluulf. One of that name was 
 adopted to be King of the Northumbers by 
 Ofric. Little more is known of him, than that 
 he left his Kingdom, and became a Religious 
 at Lindisfarn. Another was King of the Wefl- 
 Saxons, who reigned in great fplendor and re- 
 nown thirty one years. He was once worfled 
 by the great Offa at Benlington (now Benfon) in 
 Oxfordfhire. He was flain at Mereton in 
 Surrey (by Kinheard, a feditious noble man, 
 who had been banilh’d by him) as he was with 
 a Lady there, too much affected by him, about 
 A*"tc 8d. Bur this Coenuulf feems to have been 
 a ^ing of Mercia, a very worthy Prince. 
 This Coin is of him ; he was a very powerful 
 and viftorious, as well as pious Prince ; and ac- 
 counted one of the great Saxon Monarchs. 
 He difpoflefs’d Ethelbertus Bren, King of Kent, 
 and took him prilbner, but afterwards releafed 
 him without ranfome or other condition. 
 
 I • The third, Beormerick (by Speed called Bri- 
 thric i for of that other name we find no men- 
 tion in hiflories) was King of the Weft-Saxons, 
 and fueceeded Coenuulf. In the third year of 
 his reign, was the firil appearance of the Pi- 
 rates upon thefe coafls. Pirates^ I call them, 
 becaufe they were not owned by any Sovereign 
 Prince till long after : but w'ere a confluence of 
 all forts of thieves, who, by fpoil and robbery, 
 arrived to much wealth, and had the confidence 
 to eredt a kind of Community or Republick at a 
 ftrong town, now called WoUin in Pomerania ; 
 whence they -went out to rob, and laid up their 
 prey there. Brihtrick banifhedEcgberht, fear- 
 ing both the goodnefs of his title, and his great 
 abilities j yet dying childlefs, he left the King- 
 dom to him, An. 800. He was poyfoned by 
 his wife, the wicked Eadburga ; tailing by 
 chance^ of a Cup which fhe had prepared for 
 one of his favourites. Upon his death, fhe 
 fled, with all her treafures, into France ; when, 
 coming to Charles the Great, he ask’d her whom 
 fhe delired to marry, himfelf or his fon, there 
 prefent? Shefooliflily anfwer’d, that if it were 
 in her choice, Ihe would marry his fon, becaufe 
 he was the younger. Whereupon the Emperor 
 told her, that if fhe had chofen himfelf, fhe 
 Ihould have married his fon ; but now, that 
 fhe fhould retire to fuch a monaflery. Whence 
 alfo, for her incontinency, fhe was fhortly 
 turned out, and died begging. 
 
 4. The fourth, Ecgherht, partly by conqueft, 
 partly by tlte fubmiffion of other Kingdoms, 
 
 united all into one dominion, calling it England i 
 becaufe, as it is faid, himfelf, the King of the 
 Weft-Saxons, was an Angle. It feems tliat Al- 
 mighty God faw it necelfary, for refilling the 
 violence of the heathenifh Pirates, to unite the 
 intire force of all the Nation, yet little enough 
 to defend themfelves. HewasaPrince (though 
 but of fmall ftature) of extraordinary wifdom 
 and valour ; for, being banifhed by Brithric, 
 he apply ’d himfelf to Charles the Great, who be- 
 ftowed upon him a confiderable poll in his 
 Array. And he was fignally blefled with a 
 numerous fucceffion of moft worthy Princes of 
 his family and blood ; which indeed was necef- 
 laryforthe prefervation of the Nation, and its 
 peace and unity. 
 
 The fifth, Cenedryd Regina, fome fuppofe to 5. 
 have been wife to the great Ofta, the Mercian, 
 and to have reigned alter his death ; and that 
 Eo^a was one of her chief Minifters. But file 
 rather feems to have been the eldeft daughter of 
 Kenuulf the Mercian : to whom alfo he left the 
 care of Kenelm his fon ; whom, out of ambi- 
 tion, Ihe caus’d to be murthered by his Edu- 
 cator. After his death, fhe reigned fome time ; 
 and perhaps might be m.arried to fome of the 
 Weft-Saxon Princes : As Eopa (a name frequent 
 amongft the Saxons) was the Son of Ingilidm or 
 Ingilfm, brother of Ina ; and therefore probably 
 might be in fome great, perhaps the chief, em- 
 ployment under her, or elle married to her: 
 and for that reafon placed upon her Coin J 
 and not as a King, or a Bijhop, though he hath 
 a Crofs in his hand. That fhe was a Mercian, 
 appears by the letter M upon the reverfe. 
 
 The fixrh and feventh are of King JEthel- 6, f. 
 mlf, fon and heir of Egbert, a peaceable and 
 devout, yet very valiant. Prince. He firft gave 
 the tithe of his own Eftate, and afterwards of 
 the whole Kingdom, with the confent of the 
 Nobility, to the maintenance of the Clergy. 
 
 He obtained a very great and glorious vi<ftory 
 over the Danes at f Adea. He fubdued alfo 4 Perhaps 
 part of North-wales, upon the intreaty oi Ockham, in 
 Burhred, King of Mercia j and, out of great Surrey, 
 bounty and moderation, refigned it to him. 
 
 After, fetling the Kingdom, he had fo much 
 leifure, as to go to Rome (a journey mentioned 
 with honour by Anaftafius Bibliothecarius ;) 
 where he fojourned in very great efteem twelve 
 months. In his return, he married ^uditha, 
 the beautiful daughter of Carolm Cahm j who, 
 afterEtheluulf’s death,was re-married toBaldzvin 
 ferreum-latus, Forefter, and afterwards Count of 
 Flanders. At his return, his undutiful, if not 
 alfo rebellious fon, ^thelbald, endeavoured to 
 exclude him the Kingdom. Yet, notwith- 
 ftanding the Nobility freely offered their alfift- 
 ance againft .^thelbaJd ; rather than engage in 
 a war with his own people, he, in wonderful 
 moderation, confented to divide the Kingdom, 
 and contented himfelf with the worfe half. 
 
 The eighth, Pkgmund, is out of its place ; 8. 
 
 yet not to be omitted, becaufe on the reverfe is 
 the Pallium, or Archiepifcopal ornament re- 
 ceived from the Pope, who thereby acknow’- 
 ledged and authorized fuch an one to the dig- 
 nity of an Archbifliop j and from this alfo, 
 feems derived that which is now fince, even till 
 this time, the Arms of that Archbifhoprick, 
 though otherwife fafhioned. This of Pleg-’ 
 mund is not unlike the Pedum of the oriental 
 Bilhops. 
 
 The ninth. It is uncert.ain, for which 9 * 
 jEthelJian this was made, for there were divers. 
 
 One was King of Kent, a very valiant and 
 vidorious Prince againft the Danes (whether 
 he was the fon of Egbert or jEtheluulf, is not 
 
 eafily 
 
dxxxix 
 
 2 . 
 
 3 - 
 
 4 - 
 
 5 - 
 
 6 . 
 
 7 - 
 
 13 - 
 
 14. 
 
 15 - 
 
 1 ( 5 . 
 
 17- 
 
 18. 
 
 Sa>(on COINS: 
 
 fuftered it to run down again into a worfe con- 
 dition than ever. And indeed it would be 
 llrange to imagine fo great a change in one 
 man’s time j did it not appear, that there was no 
 taufe of ruin left unpradiled in his long reign,viz. 
 his own negligence, cowardife, want of intelli- 
 gence, and unskilfulnefs in w'ar j and the great 
 taftions, enmities, and treafons of the nobility: 
 the particulars whereof have filled the tedious 
 relations of our Hiftorians. 
 
 Notes upon Tab. II. 
 
 By Mr. T H O R E S B Y. 
 
 ift. TCTHELVEARD rex (Occident. 
 
 /l^i Saxonum.) Reverfe, EADMVND 
 Monctarius. 
 
 2d, COENVVLF REX (Merdorum.) Re- 
 verfe, LVL. 
 
 3d, BEORMIRIC REX {C«nv)ulf^s Suc- 
 ceflbr.) Reverfe, EELHEARD ; whether no- 
 bleman or Minter, is uncertain. 
 
 4th, ECGBEARHT REX (the Great.) Re- 
 verie, DEBLS MONETArius ; the monogram 
 makes EBORACum. 
 
 5th, EOBA; but the head of QwefAWf/j, the 
 Wife of Offa. Reverfe, CTNETHRETH 
 REGIN— M (in the Center) is for Merdorum. 
 
 dth, AETHELVVLF REX. Reverfe , 
 BRITH MONETArius. 
 
 yth, ^theLVVLF REx. Reverfe, DVNN 
 MONETArius. 
 
 8th, PLEGMVND ARCHIEPifcopus ; a 
 Paftoral Staff. Reverfe, ^THELVVLF MO- 
 netarius. 
 
 pth,. iETHELSTAN REX(the Monarchi) 
 the Reverfe is evidently EBORAC. A. (AEc- 
 clefia as Ecclejta is frequently writ in the bar- 
 barous Age.) Civitas REGNALD MONeta. 
 
 loth, ETHELRED REX ANGLOrum. 
 The Reverfe feems to have been GodRIC 
 MOneta On LVND or LIN. 
 
 nth, .^THERED REX ANGLOrum. 
 Reverfe, OSGVT MOnetarius On WlNCeaj-- 
 uep {Winchefter.) 
 
 nth, .ELFRED REX. Reverfe, CVD- 
 BERHT. 
 
 13th, AELFRED REX. Reverfe, 
 VVLFRED. 
 
 14th, AiLFRED. below ORSNA and a- 
 bove FORDA, as it is by Sir Andr. fountain 
 more corredly deferibed j it feems delign’d for 
 Oxford^ which was fometimes writ Oxnaford, as 
 appears by the Saxon Chron. Ann. 9 1 2. Re- 
 verfe, BERNFALED or BERNFALD Re- 
 gis MOnetarius. (D and R being interwoven 
 in the true draught of it.) 
 
 15th, ELFRED REX. Reverfe, LVDIG 
 MONetarius. 
 
 i( 5 th, Reverfe, ETHELSTAN MOneta- 
 rius. 
 
 17th, iETHERED (.Ethelred, E and L in 
 one) MOnetarius. 
 
 i8th, EADp (W) ARD REX ANglorum. 
 Reverfe, LEFWINE ON LINK (Lincoln.) 
 This with the reft of the fame form, I take to 
 he Edward the Confejfor s (not Edward Sen.) and 
 communicated them as fuch to Sir Andrew 
 Fountain, W'ho has afforded them his Sandion. 
 The next is EADWEARD of a different Or- 
 thography ; upon which it may not be amifs to 
 obferve, that as there were T'hree Edwards be- 
 fore the coming of the Normans, fo there are as 
 
 t 
 
 many material diftindions upon the Coins that 
 bear the fame name j which, in my ftender 
 opinion, maybethusbeft accommodated to the 
 feveral Princes. Thofe with the Half-face and 
 Scepter, to Edward Senior : Thofe with the full- 
 face and arch’d Crown, to Edward the Confejfor: 
 And thofe without either Crown or Scepter, 
 and indeed, for the moft part, without any 
 Effigies at all, to Edward the Martyr ; -which 
 have alfo this further diftindion in the form of 
 the VV, not p' ; and they differ alfo in the 
 Orthography, the latter part of the name be- 
 ing always WE.A.RD not pARD. By this di- 
 ftribution, each King has his diftind moneys ; 
 and without this, Edward the Martyr is wholly 
 excluded : which is hard upon him who 
 
 reigned five years in an Age wiiercin thz Saxon 
 moneys are moft plentiful. 
 
 ipth, EADWEARD REX. Reverfe, 
 EADMVND MONeta. 
 
 20th, Same. Reverfe, jETHERED MOneta. 
 
 2 1 ft, Same. Reverfe, WLFHEARD 
 MONeta. 
 
 2 2d, Same. Reverfe, BEANSTAN (dr 
 BEAHSTAN Beefon.) MOneta. 
 
 23d, Reverfe, BEORN WALD MOneta. 
 
 24th, Reverfe, DIORA MONEta. 
 
 25th, lEDp (W)ERD REEX. Reverfe 
 ARNERIM ON EOFERfic (Tork) in which 
 Northern parts the name is .often by the vulgar 
 pronounc’d Yedward to this day. Dr. Wotton 
 reads the Reverfe, ARN. Eopl Regis MONe- 
 tarius EOFRpic. And fo the next ODL 
 REgis MONetarius. 
 
 2dth, EADWEARD REX. Reverfe, 
 ODeLRIc MONeta (or Monetarius) de 
 RINHofa, hodie Runckhorne, as> Sir Andrew 
 Fountain reads it. 
 
 27th, EADWARD REx. Reverfe, Sp (W) 
 EART. MONetarius plnceaj-cep, Winchefter, 
 with PAX in the middle. 
 
 28th, .ETHELSTAN REX. Reverfe, BI- 
 ORNEARD MOneta LONDini CIvitatis. 
 
 29th, EADMVND REX. Reverfe, EAD- 
 GAR MOneta de NORTHWIC. 
 
 30th, EADREDREX. Reverfe, VNBEIN 
 MONETArius. 
 
 3 ift, EADWIG REX. Reverfe, HERE- 
 GER MO. 
 
 3 2d, SC (Sandus) EADWI. Reverie, BADI 
 MONetarius. 
 
 33d, EADGAR REX ANGLOrum. Re- 
 verfe, LEOFSIC MOneta HAMTonenfis. 
 
 34th, EADWEARD REX. Reverfe, 
 HEREMOD Monetarius. 
 
 35th, .ETHELRED REX ANGLOrum. 
 Reverfe, ODA MOnetarius de WELINGfbrd : 
 In the four quarters, is CRVX. 
 
 Saxon Coins. Tab, III. 
 
 Notes Tab. m. hy Mr. WALKER. 
 
 A ll the firft ten, are of Cnut (called the 
 Great) the firft Danifh King of Eng- 
 land. There are very many of his Coins ex- 
 tant. I have only deferibed thofe wherein is 
 fome notable variety. Though Swane his fa- 
 ther made divers conquefts, and feveral coun- 
 tries as well as perfons (preferring his adivenefs 
 before JEtbelreas floth, w'ithout regarding the 
 jufticeofthe caufe) fubmitted to him, and paid 
 largely for his protedion,* yet -was he never 
 
 King, 
 
 cxc 
 
 23. 
 
 24. 
 
 25. 
 
 27. 
 
 28. 
 
 29. 
 
 30. 
 
 31. 
 
 32. 
 
 33 - ' 
 
 34 - 
 
 35 - 
 
clxxxvii 
 
 Saxon COINS. 
 
 never peaceably fettled j becaufe the two na- 
 tions, the Saxons andDanes, were mingled toge- 
 ther in their habitations j and yet, having feve- 
 ral Kings and Law's, they could never be long 
 in quiet. Upon the borders of Scotland, he 
 fought one of the moft terrible battles that 
 ever was in England, againft Anlaf King of 
 Ireland, Conftantine King of Scotland, and a 
 very mighty and numerous Army. Wherein 
 were faidtobe fkin five Kings, and feven Earls 
 or chief Commanders, befides vaft numbers of 
 inferior Officers and Soldiers. Authors fay, 
 that King .iEthelftan^s valiant Chancellor and 
 General TtirketiUy did with wonderful courage 
 and firength, break through the enemies ranks, 
 till he met with King Confiantine, and flew him 
 with his own hand. Others fay, that Conflan- 
 tine was not flain, but his fon. Turketill, 
 after all his wars and greatnefs, refigning his 
 eftates and wealtli, repaired to the Monaftery of 
 Croyland» and lived in it till his death. The 
 reverfeis Eiorneard moneta London&nCis civitas or 
 Hoivndci- The former reading is the true. 
 
 2p. The twenty-ninth is King Edmund^ Frother, 
 and not inferior in valour or counfel, to JEthel- 
 Jlan. He purfued the defign of reducing all 
 his fubjefts to perfect unity and peace, by ex- 
 tirpating thofe rebellious irreconcileable ene- 
 mies, the Danes. In the beginning of his 
 Reign, he cleared Mercia of them. For King 
 Edward, feeing the Kingdom fo much depopu- ' 
 lated by thofe dellrudive wars, ever Alice the 
 entrance of the Danes ; did, upon promife and 
 oath of fealty and obedience (as his father alfo 
 had done amongft the Eaft-Angles) permit 
 thefe Danes to live amongfl his natural Sub- 
 jects ; and chiefly in the great Towns : think- 
 ing, that becaufe of their profeflion of arms and 
 foldiery, they W'ould better defend them than 
 the Saxons, who were more induftrious and 
 skilful in labour and husbandry. The Danes 
 alfo, having been themfelves beaten and con- 
 quered by him, were very ready to promife 
 obedience, peace, and loyalty. But the Saxons, 
 by their labours growing rich, and the Danes 
 retaining their former tyrannical and lazy dif- 
 pofitions, began to opprefs and domineer over 
 the natives. Edmund therefore, began, after 
 Mercia, to reduce Northumberland, where re- 
 mained the greateft number of them (for Ed- 
 w’ard himfelf had fupprefl’ed thofe in Eafi- 
 Anglia,) and lo reduce thofe Northern coun- 
 ties into the form of Provinces : and commit- 
 ted Cumberland (as a Feud) to Malcolme Ring of 
 Scotland. His zeal for juftice coft this heroical 
 Prince his life. For, celebrating the feftival of 
 St. Au/litiy and givdng thanks tor the Converfion 
 of the' nation; he fpied amongft the Gueftsone 
 Leofy a notable thiefj whom he had before ba- 
 niflied. The King’s fpirit was fo moved a- 
 gainfthim, that rifing from the Table, he feized 
 upon him, threw him to the ground, and was 
 about to do fome violence unto him. The 
 Thief fearing what he had deferved, with a 
 Ihort dagger, w'hich he concealed, wounded 
 the King mortally; W'ho died in a fhorttime, 
 to the great grief and aMidion of his peo- 
 ple. The reverfe is very imperfed; but it may 
 perhaps be Edward Moneta ‘I'heodjordy or rather 
 Eadmund Martyr y to whofe Church he gave the 
 Town called St. Edmund's-hury. 
 
 30. The thirtieth is Eadredyyf;ho did not degene- 
 ratein the leaft from his father King Edward, or 
 his brethren the precedent Kings. He compleated 
 the redudion and fettlement of the North ; 
 making Ofulj the firft Earl of it. The Scots 
 voluntarily iubmitted, and fwore Allegiance to 
 him. An. 955. in the fifth year of his reign. 
 
 ^xxxviii 
 
 and flower of his youthi he ficken^’d, and died, 
 and was exceedingly lamented of his fubjeds. 
 
 The thirty-firft is Eadwigy fon of King Ed- 3 j 
 mund, who being come to age, received the 
 Kingdom ; fo lovely a perfon, that he was na- 
 med the Fair. His adions are varioufly reported 
 by Hiftorians ; generally, they accufe him of 
 voluptuoufnefs, and negled of his affairs : in- 
 fomuch that a great part of the North applied 
 themfelves to his Brother Edgar, and fethiffi 
 up againft Edwy, who with forrow (as it is 
 thought) ficken’d, and died, An. 9^%. Herigei on 
 the reverfe, feems to have been Mint-mafter. 
 
 The thirty-fecond, Edwy, is here placed 
 next to his names-fake : but it is amiftake, for 
 it fhouJd be Edwymu. There were two 
 St. Edwins, both Northumbers ; the firft a 
 Monk, the fecond a King. He laid the foun- 
 dation of the Cathedral of York ; and was flain 
 by Penda and CadwalUn the Britain (to whom 
 Penda, being taken Prifoner, Jiad fworn fub- 
 raiffion;) Ofied his fon, and the whole Army, 
 being difperfed. His head was brought to 
 Tork-minfler'y and that whole Kingdom came in- 
 to very great divifions and calamities. But this 
 was not coined by him, nor do we know by 
 whom: neither is it known to what King 
 Badly the Mint-mafter, belonged; only, that 
 letter A is upon divers Coins of the Weft- 
 Saxons, and therefore probably this alfo be- 
 longed to fome of thofe Kings. 
 
 The thirty-third, Eadgar, fon of King Ed- 53. 
 mund, peaceably enjoyed the fruits of the la- 
 bours and dangers of his predecefTors. A man 
 admired by all, both foreigners and natives, for 
 his great piety, juftice, prudence, and jnduftry 
 iii governing the Kingdom. Sine pralio omnia 
 gubernavit prout ipfe voluif, i, e. he govern’d all 
 at his pleafure, and that without war. The 
 reverfe is, Leofsig Moneta Hamptonen^s. 
 
 The thirty-fourth is of Eadward, fon of King 34: 
 Edgar, by Ethelfteda the fair (called alfo Eneda,) 
 Daughter of Duke Ordmear. He is much com- 
 mended for a virtuous, well-difpofed, and 
 hqpe^l Prince ; and fuch, the fmall remainders 
 of his Hiftory do truly reprefent him to be. 
 
 But, by order of his Step-mother Alfritba, to 
 whom he was too obedient, he was murthered, 
 to make way to the Throne for her fon JEtbel- 
 red. Edward was accounted a Saint and Mar- 
 tyr, becaufe of the many miracles faid to be 
 done at his Fomb ; which occafioned the re- 
 moval of his body from. PFerekam to a more ho- 
 nourable place {Shaftesbury :) and the Murderer, 
 repenting of that wicked adiion, fpent the reft 
 of her days in grief and fevere penances. Who 
 that Heremod on the reverfe was, we know not. 
 
 The thirty-fifth is of JEthelred, fon of Edgar 35, 
 by Alfritha, the only weak and flothful Prince of 
 all the line of King Egbert ; as endeavouring to 
 govern his Kingdom, not by true juftice and 
 valour, as his prcdeceflbrs had done, but by 
 tricks, and (as they call it) Policy. Firft, he 
 gave an opportunity to the Danes to renew 
 their invafions; and then, negligently or un- 
 fortunately, oppofing them, he brought the 
 Kingdom into great poverty and calamity, and 
 afterwards into fubjeftion unto thofe an- 
 cient enemies and robbers of the country ; by 
 his ^ lazinefs, lofing all that his forefathers by 
 their induftry had acquired ; as Hiftorians fay 
 St. Dunftan foretold of him at his Baptifm. 
 
 Egbert began the advancement of the Kingdom, 
 by reducing it into one Monarchy ; his fuccelTors 
 valiantly defended, and fettled and augmented 
 it,^ by fubduing the Danes and all other ene- 
 mies : Edgar enjoyed it in full peace, profpe- 
 rity, and glory ; and his fon, tliis JEthelred, 
 
 fuftered 
 
Saxon COINS. 
 
 cxci 
 
 j^ing, nor affumed (he nor his fon) the title; 
 till Edmund Jnnftde confented to divide the 
 Kingdom with him. Amongft all thefe figures 
 of Cnut, only one (the leventh) is with a 
 crown; and that an open one contrary to that 
 of the Englilh Kings before him, and adorn d 
 V'ith lilies ; which would make me fuiped that 
 Coin to be counterfeit, were it not that our 
 Hiftorians fay, that when he was young he 
 wore his Crown at the great aflemblies of the 
 Nobility, fo many times in the year ; as was 
 the cullom, both here, and in France and Ger- 
 many, and I think with all European Princes 
 in thofe times. But onetime, being mightily 
 flattered by his Courtiers, bechanced to be up- 
 on the fea-banks, w'hither he commanded his 
 chair to be brought i where, fitting down upon 
 the beach in great Majefly, he told the fea, 
 that that was his land, and the water his wa- 
 ter j wherefore he commanded the fea to be 
 content with its own chanel, and not to cover 
 any part of the land. Which he had no fooner 
 faid, but the water dafhed upon him: where- 
 upon he told his flatterers, that they Ihould 
 hence-forward forbear all boafting of his power 
 and greatnefs. After this, it is reported that 
 he w'ould never wear a Crown. Others fay, 
 that he never wore a Crown after his corona- 
 tion; and that then alfo, at his coronation, 
 prefently after the Crown was fet upon his 
 head, he took it ofl^ and fixed it upon the head 
 of our Saviour crucified. The ordinary cover- 
 ing of his head was fomethnes a Mitre (as 
 fig. 6.) at other times a cap (as fig. 5.) and at 
 other times a triangular covering, ufed after 
 him by Andronicus the Eaftern Emperor, and 
 by St. EdAvard the Confeflbr. The reverfe of 
 the firft, is Funhein Mmet EoforKk, i. e. York ; 
 
 3- of the fecond, Sunolf ; of the third, Crimm. 
 
 4- The fourth is Wulmth. All coined at York. 
 
 The fifth is Leodmer^ and feems to have been 
 coined at Raculfininfier, now Reculver. 
 
 The flxth hath Luff-wine, or Dover. 
 
 7- The feventh hath IVulj'rk on Lundeu. 
 
 The eighth is Selwi, at T'heoford. 
 
 9- The ninth is Outhgrim, at York. 
 
 The tenth is Cnut, aged, with a Diadem a- 
 bout his head. The reverfe is Nod-win Momta : 
 The name of the place I cannot read. In his 
 younger years, he fpared no labour, nor any 
 art, juft or unjuft, oppreflion or murder ; to 
 acquire and fettle the Kingdom to himfelf and 
 Pofterity. Which being performed, as well as 
 he could, he endeavoured to adt more juftly 
 and plauflbly, that he might retain the obedi- 
 ence of the people, which he had fo unjuftly 
 gotten. Yet not long before his death, he dif- 
 poflefTed Olavus King of Norway of his domi- 
 nion, about i02p. 
 
 1 1 , The eleventh is of Harold, Cnut’s fecond fon, 
 called for his fwiftnefs Tohiseldeft 
 
 fon Suane, fufpeded to be none of his own, 
 Cnut gave the Kingdom of Norway: 10 Harold, 
 his fecond fon (by foreign writers alfb called a 
 Baftard) the Kingdom of England : and to 
 Hardacmt, his fon by Emma, he gave Denmark. 
 Harold’s Reign was fhort, about four years, 
 and employed more in endeavouring to fettle 
 his title, than in performing any worthy adtion. 
 The reverfe is, Godrk at Y’heotford. 
 
 j ^ Tlie tw'elfth is of the fame, with a Diadem 
 
 about his Helmet. The reverfe is, SUwine on 
 F’beodford. 
 
 j , The thirteenth is of He reign’d 
 
 ' about two years, and died fuddenly at a great 
 feaft in Lambeth. Little of note is mention’d 
 of him, befides that he was very affeftionate to 
 his mother’s children ; and tliat he loved good 
 
 eating, making four meals a day. The reverfe 
 is Eltrwine on PFtce.- — perhaps tVorcefter. 
 
 The fourteenth is of St. Edward the'Confeffor; 
 of whom there are very many Coins ftill extant. 
 
 ' I have prefented only thofe of moft variety.This 
 : reprefents him as a young man fitting with a 
 ftaff or feepter (which amongft the Romans 
 was the Hafta pura and Sceptrum, fometimes 
 made of Ivory, and many times Avith an Eagle 
 on the top of it ; inftead of ^^•hich, our Kings 
 ufed commonly a Crofs, tho’ not alw^ays of the 
 fame falhion ; fometimes alfo a Lily :) In his 
 left hand, a globe, with a crofs faften’din it. 
 This Avas ufed only by Chriftian Emperors and 
 Kings, as intimating that they had that power 
 through the virtue of xhe Crofs, orPaftion, of 
 our Saviour. The Pagan Roman Emperors 
 ufed rather a ftern or oar faften’d to a globe, 
 flicAving that they fteer’d the world ; not ex- 
 prelfing whence they receiv’d that power.Where- 
 as Suidas faith of Juftinian, that in his left 
 hand he carried a globe Avith a crofs upon it ; 
 fignifying, that by faith in the Crofs of Chrift he 
 Avas advanced to be Lord of the Avorld, i. e. 
 that he obtained that dominion by Chrift cru- 
 cified, who was now made Lord of Lords, and 
 Prince over the Kings of the earth. This 
 Prince was fon to King ^thelred ; fo that in 
 him, to the great joy of the Engiifh (the Da- 
 nifh Government being extinguillied) the no- 
 ble ancient Saxon Line was reftored. He was 
 a Prince of very great juftice, devotion, mild- 
 nefs, bounty, and many other excellent virtues. 
 And indeed, fe\^eral things reported to his pre- 
 judice, feem capable of a rational Apology ; as 
 the hard ufage of his mother Emma, and his 
 wife Edith. Neither wanted he courage, or di- 
 ligence : but the fadions of the great nobility, 
 and the ambition of Earl Godwin, required a 
 more fevere, if not auftere. Government. Tlie 
 reverfe, Otbgrim on Efrwic, I conceive to be York. 
 
 The fifteenth is of tlie fame Edward, but 
 with an unufual ornament upon his head : in 
 his hand, a feepter ending in a Lily. The re- 
 verfe perhaps is Ailmer on Scrobe. — coined at 
 
 Shrowesbury. 
 
 The fixteenth is of the fame, with an Im- 
 perial or clofe crown : his feepter hath three 
 pearls crofs-Avife. On the reverfe, is a Crofs 
 between four martlets, I fuppofe; which was 
 the original or firft of thole Arms they call the 
 Arms of the Wt ft-Saxons (though Arms and 
 Scutcheons, ^c. are of a later invention,) and 
 are now oi the City of London, and of divers 
 other places : But they are, in feveral particu- 
 lars, alter’d from w liat they were in his time; 
 perhaps for the greater beauty. The reverfe of 
 the fixteenth is impertett. That of the 
 feventeenth, I cannot read: perhaps, it is the 
 fame w ith that of the nineteenth. 
 
 Of the eighteenth, the reverfe is Walter on 
 Eoferwick. 
 
 The nineteenth is Edward, aa ith a croAvn Im- 
 perial, and Scepter ; on it, a crofs like that of an 
 Archbifhop. The Reverfe is, Drintmer on Wal 
 perhaps Wallingford. 
 
 The twentieth is Edward, with a crown 
 pearled : the reverfe may be — dimit on Lekefier. 
 
 The twenty-firft hath another unufual orna- 
 ment on his head : the reverfe is Sietmait on 
 Sutho> • '■ ' perhaps fome place in Sutbfolk. 
 
 The twenty-fecond is of Harold, a younger 
 fon of Earl Godwin. Hoav he gain’d the King- 
 dom, Avhilft the rightful Heir Edgar was alive, 
 except by force and power, I knoAv not. Some 
 fay. King Edward beejueath’d it to him ; con- 
 ceiving Edgar not fo able to govern : others, 
 that he was chofen by the confent of the 
 Nobility ; 
 
 excii 
 
 14. 
 
 15 - 
 
 Id. 
 
 17 - 
 
 18. 
 
 ip. 
 
 2Q. 
 
CXCUl 
 
 Saxon COINS. 
 
 GXCIV 
 
 33. 
 
 25 . 
 
 28, 39, 
 
 30. 
 
 32 - 
 
 33 - 
 
 34 - 
 
 Kobility j but this is nor probable. But his 
 father as long aS he lived had ufed all means, 
 juft and unjuft, to get the great oiEces of 
 command into his hands, which, coming after 
 his death to Harold, the bell and worthicft of 
 his children, he madeufeof accordingly. Before 
 his reign, he had Ihewed himfelf very valiant, 
 diligent, .and loyal alfo : at leaft more than his 
 brethren : and, as foon as crown’d, he endea- 
 vour’d by all prudent and fitting means to ob- 
 tain the favour of the people. But his reign 
 lafted not long, and was taken up with w ars 
 and troubles ; At laft, fighting rafhly and in- 
 difcreetly with mttiam Duke of Normandy, 
 he was llain with two of his brethren ; the 
 third being killed before in a Kittle near York. 
 And fo ended the great power and ambition of 
 Earl Godwin and his family : as alfo of the 
 Kingdom of the Saxons. 
 
 From the twenty-third to the twenty-eighth, 
 is SmtBi Petri moaeta ; moil of them coined .it 
 York, yet with feveral ftamps. I am in great 
 doubt, whether thefe were coined for Peter-fence 
 (or Rmnefcot) which was an annual tax of a 
 penny each houlhold ; given for the Weft- 
 Saxon Kingdom byKing Ina, about Amo j to ; 
 and for Mercia by King Ofta ; and paid .it the 
 feftival of S. Pari ad oiimula : At firft, as tome 
 fay, for the education of Saxon Scholars at 
 Rome; but afterwards, as a Grant for the ufe of 
 the Pope himfelf, hot then fo well provided as 
 afterwards. (The like tax, of three half-pence 
 and a fieve of oats for each family, was about 
 the fame time given by the Polonians, upon the 
 fame reafons.) Or it may be, it vyas the ordi- 
 nary money coined by the Archbifhop, whoie 
 famous Cathedral was Sc. Feter s.. For amongft 
 the great number of fuch coins, I have feeii 
 very^tew (one is, the 26th in this table) 
 ftamped other where. Belides, there is fuch 
 great variety in the ftamps, that very many 
 (more than feem to be neceflary for that pay- 
 ment) muft needs have been coin’d : nor is the 
 fvvord a proper fymbol for St. Veter. 
 
 The twenty-fixth. What the word in the 
 reverfe fignifies, whether the name of a perfon 
 or place, I know not. 
 
 The twenty-eighth, and tw^enty-ninth, St. 
 NeglinOi I do not underftand, as neither the 
 thirtieth. Thefe coins of St. Peters with the 
 three following, and divers others fcattered in 
 the other plates, were found at Harkirk in the 
 parifti of Sephtm in Lancafhire, as they w'ere 
 digging for a burying-place ; and were all after- 
 wards engraved and printed in one large fheet: . 
 but having feen many of the fame, it was not 
 fitting to omit them here. 1 
 
 The thirty-firft is of Berengarim, King of 
 Italy, in Charles the Great’s time. The reverfe 
 ftiews the building of fome church but what 
 church w'e know not : the w ords Chrifttana Re- 
 ligio fhew alfo fo much. 
 
 The thirty-fecond is Ludoviens Vim. The 
 • reverfe much the fame. 
 
 The thirty-third is of Carlm Magnus ; and 
 informs us of his true name, which w’as not 
 Carolus ^Tom. Charm ox Carm i Carlm, in the 
 Northern languages fignitying a man, ’Vir,_ or a 
 firong man. Metullo was one of the coining 
 places in France, in his time. 
 
 The thirty-fourth is Anlaj Cyning , a name 
 very troubh lome about the times of iEthelftan, 
 and after. There fe.em to have been two of 
 them ; one. King of Ireland ; another, of fome 
 part of Northumberland. V. Tab. H. c. 28. 
 What that not unelegant figure in the midft 
 implies, as alfo that in the reverfe, except it be 
 the front of fome church, I cannot conceive; as 
 
 t 
 
 neither, w'ho that Farhin or Faming was. I 
 much doubted, why Anlaf a Pagan fiiould 
 ftamp a chxirch with crofles upon his coin ; till 
 Mr. Charleton Ihewqd me on a coin of Siiitric 
 (Anlaf’s father) a Chriftian, the very fame 
 figures ; the Mint-mafter for hafte, or fome 
 other reafon, making ufe of the fame ftamp. 
 
 The thirty-fifth is of the unfortunate JEAtbd- 
 red, and is mentioned here, beCaufe coined by 
 Earl Godwin in Kent. Whence appears what 
 I hinted before, that the Nobility and Go- 
 vernors put their names upon the coins ; and 
 not only the Mint-raafters, as was more fre- 
 quent in France. 
 
 The thirty-fixth is of Harold, the fon of 
 Godw^in. The reverfe is Brunfian on Lot fecit. 
 Brunftan feems to have been only a Mint- 
 mafter; where Lot is, I knovv not. 
 
 The thirty-feventh is of Harold fon of Cnut. 
 The reverfe is Leofwtne on Brightfloll. 
 
 The thirty-eighth hath the reverfe Brintan- 
 mere on IVadlngford, as 1 conceive. Tliefe three 
 by misfortune were mifplaced, yet fit to be 
 known bec.aufe of die places of their ftamping. 
 
 35. 
 
 37 - 
 
 38. 
 
 Notes upon Tab. III. 
 
 Mr. T H O R E S B Y. 
 
 ift, INVT REX ANGLorum. Reverfe, 
 
 V 1 FARDEIN MOnetarius de EOFer- 
 ■wick (Tork.) 
 
 ad, Reverfe, SVNOLF MOnetarius de 
 EOFerwick. 
 
 3d, Reverfe, CRINAN MOnetarius de 
 EOFeRwick. 
 
 4th, CNVT. Reverfe, WvLNOTH MO- 
 netarius de EOFeRWick. 
 
 5th, CNVT REX. Reverfe, LEODMER 
 ON RINCofa (Ritmofam, built by Ethelfleda, 
 Sax. Chron. Amo 913.) 
 
 6th, CNVT REX ANGLorum. Reverfe, 
 LVFFWIN ON DOF {Dover.) 
 
 7th, CNVT REX ANGLORVM. Ri 
 verfe, WVLFRIC ON LVNDenc (Londor.) 
 
 8th, Reverfe, SELWIN ON THEOTl Ord 
 
 {‘fhetjaid.) 
 
 pth, Reverfe, OVTHGRIM MOnetarius 
 de EOFerwick. 
 
 loth, CNVT REX.. Reverfe, NODWIN 
 MONetarius de IIRAT . 
 
 iith, HAROLD REX ANGLorum. Re- 
 1 verfe, GOTHRIC ON THEOTFord, with 
 PAX in the Center. 
 
 12th, HAROLD REEX Anglorum. Re- 
 verfe, SLEWINE ON THEODford. 
 
 13th, HARTHACNVT REX. Reverfe, 
 ELWINE on WIGEpaceapcep (mrcefler.) 
 
 14th, EDWARD reX ANGLORum. Re- 
 verfe, OTHGRIM ON EFeRWIc (rork.) 
 
 15 th, EDWErD REX. Reverfe, aELMER 
 ON SCROBErbypis {Shrewsbury.) 
 
 i6th, EADWARd reXANGLOrum. Re- 
 verfe, BRANd on Walingford. 
 
 17th, BRINTRIL ON WALIngford. 
 
 1 8th, EADWEARD REX. Reverfe, 
 WALTER on EOpeppic. . 
 
 19th, EADWARD REX. Reverfe, 
 DRINTMER ON WALmspopo. 
 
 aoth, EADWaRD REX. ANGLOrum. 
 Reverfe, RDIN NIT (or rather BRIN) ON 
 T FTrofter 
 
 aift, EDWERD REX. Reverfe, SIET- 
 MAIT ON SVTHO: as Mr.O. W. or p- 
 b b 
 
 12. 
 
 G- 
 
 14. 
 
 15. 
 i 5 . 
 
 17- 
 
 18. 
 
CXCVll 
 
 Saxon COINS. 
 
 CXCVlll 
 
 15 ?- 
 
 to be of him j and the rathetj becaufe'-the re- 
 verfe feems to be Danifii language, and not 
 underftood by me. 
 
 The nineteenth is of Edmond : I fhould at- 
 tribute it to the valiant Ironjtde, if I could hnd 
 other's of his coins; but his reign was fhort and 
 troublefom. 
 
 The tm'ntieth is of St. Edxvard the Confejfor 
 publifhed here, becaufe by the reverfe it fliould 
 leem, what 1 have read alfo, that he either 
 founded or re-edified the great Church of St, 
 Edmond at Bury. 
 
 21. The ns'eiity-firft is on Snotene^mm 
 
 (Nottingham.) Who is meant by it, I know 
 not ; but it is of no value, fince both fides are 
 the fame. 
 
 2 2. The twenty-fecond feems to be of the great 
 •f Perhaps, ^thelfian ; what Briel I know not f- 
 
 Totlm Bri- rcvorfe is Regnald moneta Eojerwic. 
 
 *Sm^hun twenty-third, I believe, was of Ethel- 
 
 p!^*4. flan of Kent, a very valiant Prir.ee, and 
 
 Sehi, Tit. fortunate againft the Danes; he died young, 
 
 p. 6o6.Xhe reverfe is Berbarhed on-, but no place 
 
 25 * named. 
 
 24 - The twenty-fourth, is of King Edgar, of 
 whom we have fpokeii before. The reverfe is 
 J^yermod moneta. 
 
 The twenty-fifth, .Sc/ CrtWKfi. This rare coin 
 was lent us by that ingenious and worthy Gen- 
 See Mr. TX»£).tleman Mr. Ralph H’l^reshy } which he faitli was 
 resiysonn fent him out of Swedeland ; being found in a 
 vault in Juitland. The reverfe in a crofs IHC 
 (Jefus) INRI (Jefus Kazarenus Rex Judso- 
 rum). A and D are conjedured to be Anglia 
 and Danid : that King (as Saxo Grammaticus, 
 Hift. lib. Ixii. noteth) looking upon his preten- 
 lions to the Crown of England as juft as any of 
 his Predeceflbrs, was refolved to attempt the 
 regaining of it. 
 
 2^ I’he twenty-fixth, I cannot interpret. 
 
 2^' The twenty-feventh is alfo of Etbelftan, pro- 
 ‘ bably King of Kent ; becaufe of his helmet 
 made after an antique fafhion, but ufeful ; 
 covering the nape ol the neck, and a bar de- 
 feending as low as his nofe : he hath alfo a 
 gorget. I'he reverfe, Srnala, I take to be the 
 name of the Mint-mafter. 
 
 The twenty-eighth is Wiglaf. After that 
 
 Note. 
 
 28. 
 
 Z9. 
 
 Beornuulf vvas flain by the Eaft-Angles, and 
 Ludican by Egbert; This obtained (I 
 
 know not how) the Mercian Kingdom. But 
 he being alfo overcome by Egbert, religned, and 
 Egbert reftored it to him under a certain tribute ; 
 and fo he reign'd thirteen years. Little is re- 
 corded of him. Redvjard was Mint-mafter. 
 
 I’hc twenty-ninth is Sihtrk Rex DHGH. 
 What thefe letters lignify, is unknown to me. 
 He was a Danilli King in Northumberland, 
 and was, for his pride and tyranny, very much 
 hated of his neighbours. Toftrengthen him- 
 felf, he defired to marry Edith the lifter of the 
 great iEthelftan ; who would not confent, till 
 he promifed to become Chriftian, as he did, 
 and was baptized, but died not long after. His 
 two foils, becaufe they would not turn Chrifti- 
 ans, fled their country. Gudferth went into 
 Scotland, and Anlaf into Ireland; where they 
 wrought all the mifehief they could againft the 
 Englifh, till ./Ethelftan utterly vanquifhed 
 them both. V. Tab. II. c. 9. The reverfe is 
 Colbrand. Why may not this be that Colbrand, 
 in the Romance of Guy of Warwick, men- 
 tioned by Knighton and others to have comba- 
 ted, and been vanquifli’d by, that famous Earl ? 
 whofe valour deferved better, than to have been 
 diferedited by thofe fabulous, if not ridiculous. 
 Exaggerations. However, it appears by this 
 coin, that thofe perfons were Contemporaries, 
 
 in the’time of King ^Ethelftan, and of a Da- 
 nilh King (whom the fable mifcalls) enemy for 
 a long time to .^thelftan. The two comba- 
 tants alfo ftem to have been very eminent for 
 their valour and employments. Upon thefe 
 true confidcrations (according to the cuftom of 
 the times about the holy war) fome ill-employ 'd 
 perfons raifed that forry childifli fabler 
 
 The thirtieth is of I under- 30. 
 
 ftand not. The reverfe, Fauls moneta Leiec. 
 feems to imply its being coined at Leicefter. 
 
 The thirty-firft, I read Eadred Rex. The 3 
 reverfe, Garuurd moneta. 
 
 The thirty-fecond, Eadward Rex. There- 32. 
 verfe, Uulfgar, under the front of a churchj 
 probably Weftrainfter-Abby. 
 
 • The thirty-third is Berthulj Rex, of the 33. 
 Mercians ; whom we have mentioned before. 
 
 The reverfe is Byrnuuald. 
 
 The thirty-fourth is Anlaf Rex to do-, the 34? 
 meaning unknowai. The reverfe is Ra'dulf un- 
 der fuch a plant as is alfo in a coin of 
 St. Edvjard^s. 
 
 The thirty-fifth is a very old face ; if of any, ^ j , 
 
 I fuppofe it muft be of St. Edward. The re- 
 verfe is Thorr on Eoferwic. 
 
 The t thirty-fixth, St. Neglin. I have al- 
 ready declared that I knew not who he was. i, 
 
 The thirty- feventh feems to be of an Xrifh ® 
 Prince; to me not legible. 
 
 The thirty-eighth is Edwin Rex. This feems ^ 
 to have been the glorious King of the Nor- 
 thumbers ; who, beiiig-forced out of his country 
 by a cruel and tyrannical Ufurper, betook him- 
 felf to Redw'ald King of the Eaft-Angles ; w-ho 
 alfo, after many promifes and threats, agreed 
 to deliver him up to his enemy. At which time 
 the worthy Edwin Was comforted by a melfenger 
 from God, promifing him fafety, his King- 
 dom, &c. and, laying his right hahd upon 
 Edwins head, bad him remember that fign ; 
 which when it came to pafs, he ftiould receive 
 the Gofpel. This, faithfully promifed, 
 
 and afterwards faithfully performed, as may be 
 read in Venerable Bede in his fecoiid book of 
 the Ecch Hiftory, w'hich, in great part, is con-< 
 cerning this valiant, viftorious, religiousPrince. 
 
 His converfion fell out in the year of Chrift 
 6z~}. The reverfe is Sefwel on Eojerwic. 
 
 The thirty-ninth hath a coronet upon his 5 P" 
 helmet, ^thel. Rex may either be Ethehed, 
 Etheliuoif, or Ethelflan-, though the face re- 
 prefents none of them. The reverfe is not 
 legible. 
 
 The fortieth is taken out of Dr. Plots hiftd- 40* 
 ry of Oifordjbire ; it was found in digging the 
 works at Oxford, and is, or not long fince Was, 
 in the pofiefiion of Sir John Holman. It is fup- 
 pofed to be the gold given hy %x.. Edward the 
 Confejfor at his curing the Scropbula, or the Kings- 
 Evil. It is worth noting that it hath upon it 
 the figure of a woman veiled (not unlike a 
 Nun',) whether of the Blefled Virgin, or fome 
 other holy woman, I cannot determine. But it 
 feems much more proper for that fundion, than 
 that now ufed of an Angel ; which was taken 
 from the French. 
 
 It remains that we declare whence we re-M'"- 
 ceived thefe coins. HA Were filch as were®“°^"^’ 
 found in making a buri.al-place at Harkirk in ^ 
 
 the Pariili of Sephton iji Lancaftiire. 
 
 J S, is John Speed in his Chronicle ; which 
 he copied out ol Sir John Cotton's ftore in his 
 famous library. 
 
 W C, are thofe which were, with great care, 
 judgment, and expence, collcdeti by that moft 
 
 worthy 
 
CXCIX 
 
 cc 
 
 Saxon COINS. 
 
 worthy and ingenious treafurer of ancient 
 learning, Mr. William Charletonj whofe kind- 
 nefs deferves a greater teftimony, than this 
 place permits. ^ ^ . 
 
 R T, is Mr. Ralph Thoresby, of Leeds in 
 Yorkfliire; who by his great induftry hath aug- 
 mented his father’s confiderablc flock of this 
 fort of knowledge. 
 
 C H, is Mr. Charles Hills, very well knowu 
 by his eminent skill in all natural and alfo 
 antique learning. 
 
 D P, is Dr. Plot, well known every where j 
 D r Dr. Trumball ; W K is Will. Kmglley 
 Efq; of Canterbury. Divers alfo of them are 
 in our own poil'eflion. 
 
 I?- 
 
 iS. 
 
 Notes Upon Tab. IV. 
 
 Afr. T H O R E S B Y. 
 
 ift, -pTHELRED REX AIGISIA, which 
 r i feems to be defigned for REX AN- 
 GLOrum, and to be either the Engraver’s or 
 Minter’s miflake. Reverfc, WINSTAN MO- 
 netarius de WINCeayrep, {Winchefler) CRVX. 
 
 1 AKLAF C.VNVN GIT. Reverfe, 
 ATHELFERDMINETRIL or MINETepe 
 REGis, as Dr. Wotton reads it. 1 rather take 
 the bird for a Raven, than an Eagle, becaufe it 
 was the celebrated Enfign of the Daner, as 
 Mr. Hearne in his notes upon King Aljred’s life 
 (p. 6i.) very probably conjectures. 
 
 3d, EADMVND REX (PT before the X 
 feem redundant.) Reverfe , REINGRIM 
 MONETArius. 
 
 4th, ^THELRED REX ANGLOrum. 
 Reverfe, WALTFERTH MOnetarius de 
 GYPESpic (Jpfwkh) or GYPESlip (Iflip) as 
 Dr. Wotton. This piece is mine j and I cannot 
 but obferve, that there are more apparent figns 
 of the Piety of this King upon his moneys, 
 than of moft of the otlier Saxon Kings upon 
 theirs ; as here, a hand (to denote the divine 
 Providence) betwixt Alpha and Omega, and upon 
 others CRVX. So that he feems to deferve a 
 better Charafter than Mr. 0 . W. (too much in- 
 iluenced by the Monkifh Hiftorians of thofe 
 ages) is pleafed to afford him in Tab. III. n. 3 5. 
 
 5 th, EDELSAN REX AXORUM for 
 Anglorum, or REx sAXONVM (Orientalium) 
 as an ingenious Author reads it j but upon the 
 Coin it felf it is flriifUy RVM. Reverfe, 
 HEGENREDES MOnet.arius ON DEORA- 
 BYI or BYE (Darby) 
 
 6th, EADMVND the contrary way. Re- 
 verfe , BOINLVe or BOI. Monetarius , 
 LVEecpelb as Dr. Wotton. 
 
 7th, COENWLF REX. Reverfe feems 
 tobe PODELT or POOEL, W'hence the fa- 
 mily of Pool or PovseL 
 
 8th, EADREDREX. Reverfe, MANNA 
 MONETA. 
 
 loth, OFFA REX. Reverfe, EOBA,' a 
 nobleman. 
 
 13th, EADGAR REX. Reverfe, yETHE- 
 RED MONETA LVN6ene(Z,o«iio«.) 
 
 15th, SC (Saudi) EADI, St. Edmond, by 
 King Alfred or fome fucceeding King. Re- 
 verfe feems to be CIRVE MOneta, cypic yceac. 
 Church-money j or Cy'picbypjg, Chirbury, 
 built by Ethelfleda Queen of the Mercians. 
 
 • i6th, COENWLF REX Merciorum. 
 Reverfe, CEOLHEARD. 
 
 17th, EAUV vnAiS.u REX. Reverfe, 
 FIEREMOD, a nobleman, or minter. 
 
 1 8th, yETHELSTAN rex, the averfe 
 way. Reverfe, ABERTEE MOneta EOfer- 
 wick, Torki where there is a ftreet to this day 
 which bears his Daniflj name, Godrun- (as in 
 the Saxon Chron.) or Gudmm-ga.te. 
 
 ipth, EADMVND REX. Reverfe, per- 19. 
 haps, EVGEAN ON Eli or EN. Dr. Wotton 
 reads it CVRCA MONETarius, and deduces 
 thence the name of Croke. 
 
 20th, EADWEARD REX. Reverfe, EAD- 20. 
 MVND. 
 
 ill, ETHELNOTH ON SNOTENG- 21. 
 HAM (Nottingham ;) the Original is a very 
 beautiful Coin, but, by fome accident, both 
 Tides are alike ', fo that there is no King’s 
 name: tho’ perhaps none was ever defign’d, but 
 Ethelnoth’s only, who was a nobleman, defer- 
 vedly celebrated in the Saxon Chronicle for his 
 fervices againft the 874. Inw’hich 
 
 Century, we find the names of two Archbifhops 
 Ceolmtb and Plegmmd, upon their refpedive 
 moneys, whofe Example pofTibly this noble 
 Calbojamaii imitated, or might have the like 
 Privilege granted him by Royal Authority. 
 
 This I am the rather induced to believe, be* 
 caufe the coin is on both fides one of the faireft 
 minted pieces of thofe ages. 
 
 22d, ETHELSTAN REX TOtius BRI- 23. 
 Tannise. Reverfe , REGNALD MOneta 
 EFORWIC (York.) I wonder a perfon fo cu- 
 rious as Mr. 0. W. fhould be at a lofs as to 
 the meaning of TO BRIT. Simeon DtmelmenJis,Xitc. Script, 
 fpeaking of this Monarch, faith, primufque regum, p. 24. 
 totius Britannia adeptm efi imperium, he was the 
 firft King of all Britain: and left this fhould be 
 thought the language only of his own age (Anno 
 1160) the learned ie/c/ew puts it out of doubt. Tit. of Hon; 
 that this title was ufed in thofe ages, by an p. 606. 
 Original Charter, wherein one of the Saxon 
 Kings (Anno']io) fubferibes himfelf Rex Bri- 
 tannia. 
 
 23 d, ETHELSTAN (Son of Edward Senior, 23. 
 as Sir Andrew Fountain apprehends) REX. 
 
 Reverfe, BERNARHDE ON. but no place 
 mentioned. Dr. Wouon makes the three laft 
 Letters to fignify Eopl On NopSpic. 
 
 24th, EADGAR REX. 
 
 Reverfe , 
 
 DVRMOD MON Etarius. Our com- 
 mon Chroniclers are fo taken up with this 
 King’s Title of the Peaceable, that they almoft 
 wholly wave his wars ; but it appears by a 
 certain Charter of his (in the Introdutftion to 
 Ireland, tic. Oufimanni) that he conquered the 
 greatejl part of Ireland, with her moji noble City, 
 Dublin. Of w hich noted paffage, this rare coin 
 feems to be a Confirmation : it being found in 
 digging amongft fome ancient Ruins at Dublin, 
 from whence it was fent me under the notion of 
 an Irif!} coin ', and fo it may be in fome refpe(fti 
 though of our Monarch. During whofe 
 
 W.ars it feems to have been coin’d there j Dur- 
 mod, or Dermot, being a name familiarly known 
 to thofe that are converfant in the Irifh 
 Annals. 
 
 25th, Of St. Canntus was found under-ground 
 in Gotland, an Ifland in the Baltick Sea, and was 
 fent me by a friend from Sweden. It is in- 
 feribed -h CL CAN (San^i Canuti) — — ANG. 
 (Anglia) that King looking upon his pretenfions 
 to the Crow'n of England to be as juft as the 
 greateft of his Precjecelfors. Re\ erfc, w ithin a 
 crofs A and D, for Anglia and Dania,\\\th IHC 
 (Jefm) and INRI. the Initials of Pilate’s In- 
 feription. This name is written CNVT in .all 
 the Coins found in England j but it is written 
 CANVTVS, in old latin Gothic Cl-jarafters, 
 
 upon 
 
 24. 
 
CCl 
 
 Saxon COINS. 
 
 ecu 
 
 i6. 
 
 27. 
 
 28. 
 
 ^19. 
 
 jo. 
 
 3^- 
 
 3»- 
 
 33- 
 
 ?4- 
 
 15- 
 
 Z6. 
 
 37- 
 
 38. 
 
 39 ^ 
 
 40, 
 
 upon his Coffin found in- a Vault^ \yhen 
 Sc. Canutus's Church in Cttenfee was repaired, 
 
 Amo . , , • - 
 
 The 26th is hot ftridly engraved ; having on 
 one fide EBORACI though rudely performed ; 
 the other fide I cannot unriddle, though by the 
 hand it may be fuppos'd to be Ethelrefs. 
 
 27th, ^THELSTANREX Re- 
 
 verfe, SMALA MONET Arius, a crofs Crofs- 
 let, as it is called in Heraldry. In anfwer to 
 Dr. IVottons Query, the Coin it felf has both 
 -I- and S before MALA. 
 
 28th, WIGLAF REX Mercioriim. Re- 
 verfe, REDMAN. Monetarius: 
 
 29th, SIHTRIC REX DHGH (but thefe 
 four letters are not intelligible by me.) Reverfe, 
 COIBRAND.PIODGH,perhapsPEONHO, 
 Pen in SomerfetJhirej a place noted for the Da~ 
 nifh affairs. Saxon Chronicle. 
 
 2oth,^THELSTAN REX TOtius BRI- 
 tanniE. Reverfe, PAVLS MON,ETariuS 
 LElCefter. 
 
 3ift, EADRED REX. Reverfe, SAR- 
 VVARD MONETarius. 
 
 3 2d, EADWEARD REX. Reverfe, 
 WLFGAR. 
 
 33 d, BERHTVLF REX (Mmovww.) Re- 
 verfe, BVRNVVALD. 
 
 34th, ANLAF REX TODo, perhaps de- 
 fign’d for NORD {Northumberland.) Reverfe, 
 RADVLF. ^ ^ 
 
 35th» EDp (W) AERD REX. Reverfe, 
 THORR ON EOFERf (W) 1. c. Tork. By 
 
 Domefday-book it appears, that T'orr or Thor, 
 one of the Saxon Barons, had a vaft eftate in 
 thefe Northern parts (particularly in Rkhmond- 
 (hire) in the time of Edward the Cor^ejfor j of 
 which being difpoffeffed by the Conqueror, 
 moft of it lay wafte at the time of that memo- 
 rable Survey : The place of his Refidence, ac- 
 cording to the cuftom of thofe ages, was called 
 ‘Thorsbyj from the Saxon Bye habitatio j from 
 which place the family of that Sirname 
 came, which is yet at Leeds, in the fame 
 County. ^ 
 
 36th, SCI (Sandi) PETRI MOneta. Reverfe, 
 EBORACEiifis CIVitas: The Letters ofboth 
 fides are inverted. 
 
 37thj I can make no more of the thirty- 
 feventh, though I have the Original before me, 
 than of N® 5> : ii: it' and 145 which Mr. 
 Walker fuppofes to be the ancient Irilh. 
 
 38th, EDp(W) IN. REXAnglorum. Re- 
 verfe, SEE VEL ON EOFERwic. Thismoft 
 rare piece is juftly fuppofed to be the ancientell 
 of any piece now in Being of the Englifh Na- 
 tion j and Seevel the nobleman upon the Re- 
 verfe, may very well be prefumed to be one of 
 the Ance'ilors of the ancient and honourable 
 family of the Savilesj of which Sir yohn, after-- 
 wards Lord Savile, and father to the Earl of 
 SuJfeXi was the firft Alderman of Leedesy which 
 place had been the Seat of the Kings of Nor- 
 thumberlandy after this Edwins martyrdom by 
 the Pagans. Sir Henry SaviUy by his noble E- 
 dition of ChryfoJ}m» Sec. hath made the name 
 as famous abroad, as his brother Sir yolm the 
 Judge, and others, have done at home. 
 
 39th, ^TKEL— REX angLOrum. Re- 
 verie, imperfed. 
 
 40th, That Edward 'the Confejfor was the firft 
 of our Kings who cured the Struina, is acknow- 
 ledged by all, and that it was called th.c Kings- 
 Evil upon that account, is probable enough i 
 but that he and the fucceedingKings gave pieces 
 of Gold in this form, may, I think, be juftly 
 fcrupled, and can never be proved from EC, the 
 fuppofed Initials of his name, who is never 
 
 t 
 
 ftiled Confejfor upon any moneys or medals ol 
 undoubted Antiquity ; and if Gold had been 
 coined and diftributed upon this or any other 
 occafion in thofe ages, a greater number of them, 
 no doubt, vvduld have been found in the Ca- 
 binets of the Curious, as v'ell as their current 
 moneys ; whereas, nothing of that metal ap- 
 pears till Edward the 3d’s time; and that, 
 perhaps, no other, than the current filver mo- 
 neys of each Prince, except gilded for diftindti- 
 on. Such an one, with an hole for the ribbon 
 to be hung about the neck, was amongft the 
 Curiofities in the old Lord Fairfax s Mufeum, 
 and is yet preferved in this : It has the full face 
 (as he is reprefented upon his Great-Seal in 
 Speed’s Hiftory) with the arched Crown, and 
 may poffibly be one of the fame numerical 
 pieces given upon that occafion. As for the 
 Curiofity deferibed by the Ingenious Dr. Plot in 
 his Hiftory of Oxfordfhirey and from him tranf- 
 mitted to number forty in this table, I look up- 
 on it as a fort of Amulet (for which thofe 
 darker fuperftitious ages had an extraordinary 
 Veneration,) like that noble one of King Al- 
 fredy deferred by the Learned Dr. f Hicks y and+ In his 77c* 
 do conclude with Dr. /^ono«, that thofe pieces 
 inferibed St. Edmond, were of the like nature. ' 
 
 * Saxon Coins, Tab.V. 
 
 ;Wr. T H O R E S B Y. 
 
 * Procured 
 by Mr. Tho- 
 rcsby, fince 
 the lail Edi* 
 tion of the 
 Britannia, 
 
 ift, T7LRED REX nORSan bymbpapic. 
 
 r, Reverfe, DIARVALD MOneta. 
 Diarwaldj Deirorum Silva, This 
 
 piece of the Northumbrian Elfred, was probably 
 coined at Beverley (which is upon the Wolds, as 
 they are‘call*d to this day) for the ufe of the 
 Deiriy Diera, or ^OrfefblCCdtien. Some in- 
 cline to read it, Rex Dorobernia, for Canterbury ; 
 bnt that City occurs not, I think, upon any 
 of the moneys of the Saxon Kings, by the 
 name of Dorobernia, but Cantwaraburg. Though 
 where CANT or Cent, follows Rex, it may 
 perhaps rather denote Canepapa, the people 
 of Kent : for though the place of mintage be 
 mentioned on the reverfes of feveral of thefe 
 ancient Coins ; yet where fuch a name fucceeds 
 that of the Prince, I think it not properly con- 
 fined to a City (King of Canterbury founding 
 harftily) but rather to denote the people of 
 fuch a Province: as. Off a rex Merciorum. So 
 Ceolwulj, of the fame. So, afterwards, up- 
 on the Redutftion of the Heptarchy, the 
 Monarchs w'ere ftiled, Rex Angkrum fee 
 Tab. III. 35, &c. The Square (as^ on 
 this Coin) occurs frequently upon the pieces 
 coined in thofe Northern parts j and I remem- 
 ber not, whether upon any other. 
 
 2d, BVRGRED REX {Merciorum^ Re- 
 verfe, DVDA MONETArius. 
 
 3d, iEDELRiED REX ANGLORum 
 (the King^s head.) Reverfe, EADf (W) OLD 
 MOnetarius ON (de) EENTpapabypig. 
 This is that JEthelred or j^thered, who was 
 elder brother to King Alfred. 
 
 4th, AELFRED REX. Reverfe, ABE- 
 LVLF MOnetarius : It is a Coin of the 
 Great, 
 
 5 th, EDf(W)ARDREX (Kiag Edward 
 Senior, with half face and feepter.) Reverfe, 
 dorr on EOFERf CW) 1C. Tork. 
 
 t e tfth, iEDEL- 
 
 
cciii 
 
 Saxon COINS. 
 
 cciv 
 
 6 . 6th, ^DELSTAN REX, the King’s head. 
 Reverfe, yELFf (W) ALD MOneta (or Mo- 
 netarius) LONDini CIVItatis. 
 
 7. 7th, The fame. Reverfe, DRINTVALD 
 MONetarius : Dr. Wotton reads it M CON 
 (the M and C interwoven, and the C -angled) 
 Monetarius CONvencpsi and fo it is engraved 
 in Sir Andrew Fountain’s Numifmata (6th of 
 Mthelfinn’s \) but this piece wants the ^lineola 
 that lliould compofe the C with two angles. 
 
 8. 8th, ^DELSTAN REX TOtius BRTI 
 (Britannia) no head. Reverie, DEORVLF 
 MO (moneta) LEDECEIcefter (Chejier.) 
 
 9. 9th, EDELZ'FAN REX (no head.) Re- 
 verfe, RIDT MONEtarius, the averfe way. 
 
 10. loth, iEDELSTAN REX, the King’s head 
 very w'^ell perform’d. Reverfe, WLFHEARD 
 MOnetarius WIN : Cl. (Il/inchefier Civitatu.) 
 
 11. iith, EADRED REX, the King’s head. 
 Reverfe, ^DELVERD MONETArius. 
 
 12. 1 2th, EADRED REX (no head.) Reverfe, 
 RICYLF MONetarius. 
 
 13. 13th, EADGAR REX (no head.) Reverfe, 
 HERIG.FIR MOnetarius. 
 
 14. 14th, EADGAR REX, the King’s head, 
 very well done for thofe Ages. Reverfe, PIRIM. 
 MONETA HVNTEnaune j this piece is 
 neither in Sir Andrew Fountain^ nor the Britanniay 
 before. 
 
 I. 15th, EADWEARD REX, the head of 
 Edward the Martyr. Reverfe, BEANRED 
 MONetarius. _ 
 
 i6th. The fame infeription j but no head. 
 Reverfe, BOIGA monetarius. 
 
 17. 17th, The like. Reverfe, ORDVLF M “0 
 (monetarius). 
 
 18. i8th, iEDELRED REX- ANGLORum : 
 The King’s head and feepter. Reverfe, y (W) 
 INTERLEDA M “0 (moneta) EOFeppic 
 (Fork) with CRVX in the Quarters of the 
 Crofs. In others of the fame Prince we have 
 SVMERLED, to ballance this. 
 
 ^9' . . 19th, EADMVN REX: whether the iWhr- 
 tyr^ or Fon/ide, I determine not. Reverfe, 
 -, 0 ;^EIMuND MOnetarius : the name fcarce 
 .legible j but the fame with Sir A. F.’s V. 17. 
 
 20. 29th, EADp (W) ARD REX, the head of 
 
 Edward the Confejfor. Reverfe, VCTEL ON 
 EOpeppic. I think the time fcarce agrees to 
 Osketel the Archbifhop ; as an ingenious Au- 
 tiier inclines to 'read it. 
 
 2iA, The like. Reverfe, BRININ Moneta- 
 rius ON I’Ame j as I choofe to read it, ra- 
 ther than MONETA i I'ame, in Oxfordjhire, 
 being a noted place in thofe ages. 
 
 22. . 22d, HAROLD REX ANGLOrum, the 
 
 King’s head crown’d, and feepter. Reverfe, 
 F (W) VLFGEAT ON GLEape-cepcep (Glo- 
 cejier) with PAX in the middle. 
 
 All thofe above are Silver : Thofe which fol- 
 low, are of the brafs p-ycap i eight of which 
 (as the Liards de France) made a penny, as ap- 
 pears by the Saxon Verliort of Marc. XII. 42. 
 A confiderable number of thefe (and, amongft 
 others, the firfty I think, that ever were dif- 
 ^ver’d of King Alla’s coin) w'ere fbun'd Anno 
 l^9h Eippon, at a place called Alice-hilly 
 I prefume, for AUas-hiUy who was flain Amo 
 
 826 (not 926", as Speedy and from him Ifaacfony 
 millake :) Moft of thofe found here, were the 
 Kings of Deira, and Sub-reguliy after Egbert 
 had reduced it to be part of his Monarchy. 
 
 ift, \^'Thelbert. EDELRET ReX. Reverfe, i. 
 
 JL V BRODER. 
 
 2d, Aired. ALRED REX (the L and R re- 2. 
 vers’d, as they are frequently in thefe Coins :) 
 
 Reverfe, LADDI. 
 
 ■^dy Aired. ALRED REX. Reverfe, IV V 
 RED. 
 
 4th, AELREV. Reverfe, VVNAV. 4. 
 
 5th, Earned. EANRED REX. Reverfe> 5* 
 VVLFRED. 
 
 6th, Same. Reverfe, jiORDRED. 6. 
 
 7th, EANRED. Reverfe, MONNE, the 7. 
 averfe way. 
 
 8th, EANRED REX. Reverfe, BRODR. 8. 
 
 9th, Ethelred. EDILRED REX. Reverfe, 9. 
 EARDVVLF. This Eardwulf was after- 
 wards King. Another has EDILRED RE . 
 
 Another only EDILRED R. Some have only 
 a lingle point, others a Ear of Ex Rays in the 
 Center, and others a Crofs. 
 
 lorh, EDILRED REX. Reverfe, ANRED. ro. 
 
 nth, Reverfe, MONNE. n 
 
 nth, Reverfe, BERHTVE HDFL; the n. 
 
 F and L in Bertwulf are conjoined. Dr. Wotton 
 takes the latter word for DVNEL. 
 
 13th, Reverfe, LEOFDES M. Dt. Wotton 15. 
 reads it LEOFREB. M. 
 
 14th, EDEL'^EY. Reverfe, "hOF Mone- 14. 
 tarius. 
 
 ijth, Eardulfy or Ardulf. EARDVVF. k. 
 Reverfe, I— fnVCFX. 
 
 i 5 th, VRDVVLF V3 (Ardulf ctining.) 16. 
 Reverfe, BRODER, Broder or Brother : The 
 name continued till the Danifh times : Ego Selden’s 
 BROTHER mileSy occurs with other Knights, Tit. of Hon. 
 CFc. as witnelfes to a Charter of CamitPts. P* 
 
 17th, Ethellxlm EDILHELm. Reverfe, 17. 
 BRODER. Neither of thefe perfons occur in 
 the moft accurate lift now remaining of the 
 Kings of Northumberland. Ethelhelmy I fuppofe, 
 was fome Suh-regulm or un6ep-cynm5 (as the 
 Nobleman is render’d, ^ohn iv. 46) in the con- 
 fufion which it was reduced to in its declining 
 ftate. 
 
 i8rh, Oshright. OSBvEHx RHX* Reverfe, jg_ 
 MONNE. Another has the very fame in- 
 feription j yet the form of the Letters and 
 Points fo different, as fhew it coin’d in another 
 Mint. 
 
 19th, OSBEREHx REx. Reverfe, WIN- . i?- 
 BERHt or Benwine. Another has the T in 
 Winebertt, which this wants. Another has OS- 
 BERVLHT, without Rex or fo much as R. 
 
 2oth, OSBERLHx (r) EX. Reverfe, EyN- 20. 
 VVfE for Eammlj : This has been covered 
 with a white wafh to refemble filver. Another, 
 diftbrentorJy in the central points : or -r'4- 
 
 2ift, OSBERLHx REx. Reverfe, ELNA 3i. 
 MONetarius Regis, as Dr. f^ottofireadsit. 
 
 22d, O ;. ^^glllREB. Reverfe, VVLFSIX. ^2. 
 (WuljJlgCy Dr. IVottcn.) 
 
 23d, AUai aELHE Rx. Reverfe not in- 
 telligible to me.") 
 
 DANES. 
 
ccv 
 
 CCVl 
 
 
 r/SjSN'lSSas.&JS.taliE^me.aKS 
 
 tlv 
 
 ‘qpQpqp‘:iP^^^i^*:^‘:^Qp‘:pqpqpqi?0/qp<qp^^qpqpqp^rpqpqpff^qp 
 
 DANES 
 
 Hat the original of the^D^zm 
 was, themfelves are in a great 
 meafure ignorant. Bams the 
 giant, fon of Humblus, is 
 long fince difcarded by An- 
 tiquaries, together with Go- 
 ropius^s derivation from a 
 heme. Andreas Velleius, a Dane and a very 
 learned man, fetches it from the Baht a people 
 of Scythia, and {a) Marc, which does not lig- 
 nify hounds, but a countrey. Our countryman 
 Ethelwerd was of opinion, that the name came 
 from the city Bonia. For my part, I have al- 
 ways thought, that they were the pofterity of 
 the Banciones, plac'd by Ptolemy in Scandia 
 (who by the change of a letter, are in fome 
 copies call'd Bauciones,) and that from thence 
 they unburrhen'd themieJves into Chnbrica Cber- 
 fonefia, which the Angies had leftj 'till the 
 learned and moft judicious antiquary Ja- 
 cohm Venujinpii, made a very curious difcovery of 
 fome plain remains of the Banifh name in the 
 Sinus Codanm, and Codamnia, which Pomponius 
 Mela mentions in tliofe parts. Thefe names, 
 the northern people pronounc'd grofly Cdan and 
 In the Mar- Mela to reduce them to the ge- 
 
 gin, ®f^he Latin, made them and Coi/<z- 
 
 rfc fabula qua nonia j as after-ages niollify'd Gdanum intoBansk, 
 pro hifioria je Clodcvapii into Lodouic, Knutm into Canutns. 
 wnittau mention is made of the name before 
 
 the time of Juflinian the Emperor, about the 
 year of our Lord jyo. For about that time, 
 they began to make inroads into France^ and 
 the Latin-writers of the hiftory of England 
 call them Wicdngi, from their trade of piracy i 
 Witcinga, M^ccinga (as we are alTur'd by Alfric) fignify- 
 ing in Saxon a pirate. They likewife term them 
 Pagcmi (the Pagans,) becaufe at that time they 
 were not converted to the Chriftian Religion. 
 But the En^lilh themfelves, in their own lan- 
 guage, call d them B.enifcan, and very commonly 
 Heathen men. Give me leave to fet down here 
 what Budo of St. Quimin, an author of con- 
 fiderable antiquity, has faid concerning thefe 
 Danes ;• as I had it out of the library of that 
 indefatigable Antiquary, fohn Stowe, a Citizen 
 m London, to which I had always free accefs. 
 a he Banes, like bees nut oj a hive for corfiifion, and 
 
 aner a barbarous manner with their fwords drawn, 
 
 fwarm dout of Scanz,a {i. e. Scandia i) when their 
 kacherous heat had improved them to fuch an infinite 
 number. For whn they were grown up, their way 
 waa to quarrel with their fathers or grandfathers, and 
 •very often among themfelves, about the Efiate the 
 land they then had, not being large enough for them. 
 Upon which, according to an ancient cufiom,, a num- 
 ber of their young men were mufier*d by lot, and 
 
 driven into foreign parts, to cut out their fortunes of 
 
 with the fword. When they were ready to be dif- tlio Danes. 
 patch’d away, their cuflomwas, to fac.' Jice to \ Thur^t 
 the God whom they anciently worjb/fd ; not with ''f ’^burf- 
 Jheep, or oxen, but the blood of men. T’his they look’d 
 uponae the mofi precious of all faaifices : and after 
 the Priefi had determin’d by lot who flrould dye, they 
 were barbaroufiy knock’d on tht head with yokes of 
 oxen, and kill’d at one firoak. Each vj ihoje who 
 were to die by lot, having his brains dafh’d out at a 
 (ingle blow, waa afterwards firetch’d upon the ground, 
 andfearch was made for the fibre on the left fide, that 
 is, th vein of the heart. Of this they us’d to take 
 the blood, and pour it upon the heads of fuch as were 
 . defign’d for the march : and, imagining t!:a, tl;i< had 
 fecur’d the favour of the Gods, they immediately fet 
 fail, and fell Lo their ours. There was another 
 way which the Danes had, of appealing their 
 Gods, or rather of running into moll detellabie 
 fuperllition ,• which Bitmarm, aBilhop, and an 
 author fomewhat older than Dudo, thus de- 
 Icribes. But becaufe I have heard firange things of Lib. i, 
 the ancient facrifices of the f Normans and Banes, I \Nmhmanni. 
 would not willingly pafs them over. There is a place 
 in thofe parts, the capital city of that Kingdom, 
 call’d Lederun, in * the province of Selon. There * 
 they meet once every nine years, in January, a little 
 after our Twelfth-day, and ofier to their Gods 
 Ninety-nine men, and as many borfes ; with dogs and 
 cocks infiead of hawks : being fully perfwaded (as I 
 obferv d before) that thefe things were mofi acceptable 
 to their Gods. 
 
 About the time of King Egbert, in the eight The Danilh 
 hundredth year after Chrift, they hrll annoy’d panders, 
 our coalls. Afterwards, making havock of every 
 thing, and plundering all over England for ma- 
 ny years, they deftroy'd the Ciii?s, burnt the 
 Churches, wafted the lands, and .-witii mpft 
 barbarous cruelty drove all before them ; ran- 
 facking and over-turning every yhing in their 
 way. They murder'd the K-higs of the Mer- 
 cians and Eaft-Angles, and th^ai. tpok pofleifton 
 of their kingdoms, with great. 4 >art of that'of 
 Northumberland. To put a‘ftop to theie out- 
 rages, a heavy tax was impos'd upon the mife- 
 rable’ Inhabitants, call'd f Bangelt ; the nature t j* ** 
 of which, this palfage, taken out.of oxu- old 
 laws, will fully explain. The Pirates gave from the S*x- 
 occafiqn to the paying of Danigeld. pbr they made on Gyhlan, to 
 fuch havock of the nation, that tbevfeentd to aim' at 5 
 nothing lefs than its utter ruin. And, to fupfirefs 
 their injolence, itwas enaBed, that Bonigeldfbduld 
 he yearly paidfwhich was twelve pence for every hide 
 of land in the whole nation,) to maintain fo many ^ 
 forces as might withjland the Incurfi.ov.s. of- the Pirates. 
 .^//Churches were exempt from this Danigeld j 
 nor did the Lands in the immediate poffeijion of the 
 
 Church, 
 
 u * CffKoireji : our Marches, »tis true, contain a certain plot or quantity of 
 
 ground j but then the original of the name, was there being frontiers, or bounds. ^ 
 
ccvii 
 
 The NORMANS. 
 
 CCVIU 
 
 Church , contribute any thing ; becaufe they put greater 
 confidence in the prayers «/ the Church, than the de- 
 fence of arms. , 
 
 But ^’hen the Danes came to 
 point with Alfred King of the Weft-Sa»>ns, 
 he, what by retreats, andwhat by attacks, did 
 not only drive them out of his own territories, 
 but flew the petty King of the Mercians, and 
 in a manner clear’d all Mercia of them. And 
 his fon, Edward the Elder, purfuing his f a- 
 ther’s conquefts, recover’d the Country of the 
 Eafl- Angles from the Danes ; as Athellt^ his 
 natural fon, to crown their viSories, after a 
 great fiaughter of them fubdu d the Kingdom 
 of Northumberland, and by his vigorous pur- 
 fuit put the Danes into fuch a fright, that part 
 of them quitted the kingdom, and the reft 
 furrendered themfelves. By the Valour of thefe 
 Princes, was England deliver d out of that 
 gulph of miferies, and had a refpite of hfty 
 years from that bloody war. But after ^thel- 
 red (a man of a cowardly fpirit) came to the 
 Crown, the Danes raifing frelli hopes from his 
 linaaive temper, renew’d the war, and made 
 havock of the nation ; till the Englifh were 
 forc’d to purchafe a Peace with annual contri- 
 butions, which were very great. And fo in- 
 folently did they behave themfelves, that the 
 Englifli form’d a Plot, and in one night flew all 
 the Danes through the whole nation, to a 
 man ; hoping, that fo much blood would 
 quench the flaming fury of th-at people ; and 
 yet as it happen’d, it did but add more ruel 
 to it. For SuenOi King of the Danes, incens d 
 by that general maffacre of his fubjefts, inva- 
 ded England with a powerful army, ^d, in 
 an outragious and violent manner deftroying 
 all before him, put Ethelred to flight, and 
 
 conquer'd the whole nation, and left it to his 
 fon * Canutus. He, after a long war with*Oiai in the 
 Ethelred, who was return’d, and with his fon Coins. 
 Edniond Ironftde (but without any 
 
 decifive battle 0 was fucceeded by his two fons,infefted Eng, 
 Harold his natural fon, and Canutus iAre land 200 
 After the death of thefe, the Danift wke was i 
 
 fliakenoff, and the government return d to the 
 Englifli. For Edward (whofe fandity gain’d 
 him the name of ConfeJfoYy the fon of Ethelred Edward the 
 by a fecondwife,) recover’d the Regal Dignity. ConfelTw. 
 England did now begin to revive ; but prefent- 
 ly (as the Poet fays) 
 
 Mores rehm cejfere fecundis. 
 
 The loads of Fortune funk them into vice 
 
 The Clergy grew idle, unaftive, and igno- 
 rant j the Laity gave themfelves over to luxury 
 and iupinenefs ; all difcipline was laid afide j 
 the State, like a diflemper’d body, was con- 
 fum’d with all forts of vice: but Pride, that 
 forerunner of deftrufiion, had of all others 
 made the greateft progrefs. And as GervafiUS' 
 Dorobernenfis obferves of thofe times, I'bey ran 
 fo greedily into •widiednefs, that it was look*d on (U a 
 crime to be innocent. All thefe things plainly 
 tended to ruin. 
 
 T’he Englifh at that time (fays William of 
 Malrasbury) wore cloaths that did not reach beyond 
 the middle of the knee', their heads were fhom, and 
 their beards fhaven, only the tipper lip was always let 
 grow to its full length. Their amis were loaded with 
 golden bracelets and their skin dyd with painted 
 marks. The Clergy, content with a fuperficial fort of 
 learning, had much ado to mutter out Hse words of 
 the Sacraments, &c. 
 
 T M 
 
 NORMAN S. 
 
 Harimmnu 
 
 S in former ages, the Franks 
 firft, and afterwards the Sax- 
 ons, coming out of that Eafl- 
 Coaji of Germany as it lies 
 from us, I mean, the more 
 Northerly parts ofitj annoy’d 
 Gaul and Britain with their 
 Piracies, andat laft became mafters, the Franks 
 of France, and the Saxons of Britain : fo in 
 fucceeding times, the Danes firft, and then the 
 Normans, follow’d the fame method, came from 
 the fame Coaft, and had the fame fuccefs. As if 
 providence had fo order’d it, that thofe parts 
 Ihould conftantly produce and fend out a let of 
 men to make havock of Gaul and Britain, and 
 eftablifli new kingdoms therein. 
 
 The Normans had their name from the 
 Northern p.arts from whence they came (for 
 Notdmanni fignifies no more than Northern men,) 
 in which fenfe they are likewife term’d («) 
 
 Nordleudi, i. e. a Northern People, as being the VotilMu 
 flower of the Norwegians, Suedes, and Danes. 
 
 In the time of Charles the Great, they carry’d 
 on their trade of Piracy in fuch a barbarous 
 manner, both in Frifeland, Holland, England, 
 
 Ireland, and France ; that that Prince, when 
 he faw their vefi'els in the Mediterranean, cry’d 
 out with a deep figh, and with tears in his eyes J . 
 
 How am 1 troubled, that they fhould venture uponliher 
 tinscoafiy even while I am living. I plainly forefee,^^^^^^^^, 
 what a fcourge they are like to prove to my fucce^ors. ‘ 
 
 And in the publick Litanies of the Church, 
 there was afterwards inferred. From the fury of 
 the Danes, Good Lord deliver m. They reduc’d 
 the Franks to fuch extremities, that Carolus 
 Calvus was forc’d to buy a truce of Hafting, 
 the commander of the Norman Pirates, with 
 the Earldom of Chartres : and Carolus Craflus 
 gave Godfrid the Norman, part of Neujhia 
 with his daughter. After that, by force, of 
 
 arms 
 
 From the Saxon Lead, a peaplt or nation* 
 
CCIX 
 
 ccx 
 
 The NORMANS. 
 
 arms they fix’d near the mouth of the Seine, in 
 thofe parts wiiich formerly had been call’d by 
 ^eujiria, corruption 'Neiifiria-, as being part of IVefirafia 
 (for lb the middle-age writers term it :) the Ger- 
 mans ftil’d it IVeficwiicb, i. e. the Weftern King- 
 dom : it contains all between the Loyre and the 
 Seine to the fea-ward. They afterwards call’d 
 itNormaniiia, i. c. the Country of the Northern mem 
 when Carolus Simplex had made a grant of it in 
 Fee to their Prince Rollo (wliofc Godfather he 
 was) and had given him his daughter to wife. 
 J'l^henKoWo (as we are inform’d by an old 
 Manufeript belonging to the Monaftery of An- 
 glers) bad Normandy made over to him by Carolm 
 Stultus, voith his daughter Gifla ; he would not fub- 
 mit to kifsCharles’sfoot. And when his friends urg'd 
 him by all means to kifs the Kings footy in gratitude 
 for fo great a favour y he made anfwer in the Englif!) 
 tonguey NE SE BY GOD, that d. Not fo by 
 God. Upon which, the King and his Courtiers de- 
 riding himy and corruptly repeating his anfwer, call'd 
 i/ged> him Bigod ; from whence the Normans are to this 
 day term'd Bigodi. For the fame reafon, it is 
 poffible, the French alfo at this day call hypo- 
 crites, and your fupcrftitious fort oimQWyBigods. 
 
 This Rollo, who at his Baptifm was nam’d 
 Roberty is by fome thought to have turn’d 
 Chriftian out of delign only : by others, with 
 deliberation and ferioufnefs. Thefe latter add, 
 that he was mov’d to it by God in a Dream ; 
 which (tho’ Dreams are a thing I do not give 
 much heed to) I hope I may relate without the 
 imputation of folly, as, I find it attefted by the 
 writers of that age. The flory goes, that as 
 he w'as afleep in the fhip, he faw himfelf deep- 
 ly infefted with the leprofie; but that wafhing 
 in a clear fpring at the bottom ot a high hill, he 
 ncover’d, and afterwards went up to the top of 
 it. This he told a Chriftian captive in the 
 fame Ihip, who gave him the following inter- 
 pretation of it : Tltat the Leprofe was the a- 
 
 bominable worfliip of Idols, with which he 
 was defil’d ; the Spring was the holy laver of re- 
 generation, where-with being once cleans’d, he 
 might climb the mountain, that is, attain to 
 great honour, and heaven it felf. 
 
 Dukes of This Rollo had a fon call’d William, but 
 Kon«andy. firnam’d Longa Spatay from a long fword which 
 he us’d to w'’ear. WiUiam had a fon call’d 
 Richard, the firftof that name, who was fuc- 
 ceeded by his fon and graiidfon, both Richards. 
 But Richard, the third of that name, dying 
 without ifliie, his brother Robert came to the 
 Dukedom, and had a fon by his concubine, 
 nam’d William ; tlae fame is commonly called the 
 Conqueror y and Bafiard. All thefe were Princes 
 very eminent for their atchievements, both at 
 home and abroad. Whilft William, now come 
 to man’s eftate, was Duke ot Normandy j Ed- 
 ward the Holy, firnam’d Confejfory King of 
 England and lait of the Saxon Line, to the great 
 grief of his fubjefts departed this life. He 
 f Ognau. was fon of Emma, a f Coulin, of William’s (as 
 daughter to Richard the firft of that name, 
 who was Duke of Normandy,) and while he 
 liv’d under banifliment in Nomiandy, he had 
 made William a promife of the reverlion of the 
 Crown of England. But Harold, the fon of 
 Godwin, and Steward of the Houftiold under 
 Edward, got polVeflion of the Crown ; where- 
 upon, his brother Tofto on one hand, and the 
 NurmMns. Normans on the other, us’d their utmoft en- 
 deavours to dethrone him. After he had flain 
 his brother Tofto and Harold King of Korw.ay 
 (whom Tofto had drawn over to his alfiftauce,) 
 1066. ^ fet-battle near Siamfbrd-hridge in York- 
 
 Ihire, and, tho’ with lofs, had gain’d the victo- 
 ry ;• within lefs than nine days, William fir- 
 
 nam’d Bajiardy Duke of Normandy (building 
 upon the promife of King Edward, lately de- 
 ceas’d, as alfo upon his adoption, and relation 
 to Edward) rais’d a powerful army, and land- 
 ed in England, in Suffex. Harold prefently 
 advanc’d towards hi!n ; tho’ his foldiers were 
 harrafs’d, and his army \‘ery much weaken’d by 
 the late fight .Not far from Haftings, they en- 
 gag’d i where Harold advanced in perfon into 
 the heat of the battle, and behaving himfelf 
 with great valour, loft his life. Abundance of 
 the Englifti were ftain •, though it is almoft 
 impoffibie to find out the exact number. Wil- 
 liam, after he had won the day, march’d 
 through IValingford v/ith his anuy, towards 
 Loudon, where he was receiv’d and inaugura- 
 ted; "The kingdom (as himfelf exprelfes it) Charter of 
 allotted him by divine Providence, and granted 
 the favour of his Lord andCoufin the gloriom King ^ 
 Edward And a few lines after, he adds, fhnt 
 the bounteom King Edward had by adoption made 
 him heir to the Crown of England. Tho’, if the 
 hiftory of S. Stephen of Caen may be credited, 
 thefe were the laft words that he fpoke, upon 
 his death-bed. T"he Regal Diadem y which woHe o/Hiftory of St; 
 my Predeceffors worrey Igairddy not by any hereditary 
 title y but by the favour of Almighty God. And 
 little after ; / name no heir to the crown of Eng- 
 land, but commend it wholly to the eternal Creatory 
 whofe lam, and in whofe hands are all things. It 
 was not an hereditary right that put me in poJfe(fion of 
 this honour ; but, by a defperate engagement and 
 much blood-fhed, / wrefled it from the perjur'd 
 King Harold, and, having (lain or put to flight all 
 his abettors, made my felf Maficr of it. 
 
 But why am I thus fliort, upon fo confider- 
 able a revolution of the Britilh State ? If you 
 can have the patience to read it, take what I 
 drew up (it is poffible, with too little accuracy 
 and thought, but however, with the Integrity 
 of an Hiftorian) when raw and young, and 
 very unfit for fuch an undertaking, I had a de- 
 fign to write the hiftory of our Nation, in Latin. 
 
 E Dwardthe Confeffor dying without ijfue, The Norman 
 Nobility and Commonalty were put into great Conqueft, 
 dijtraclion about naming the new King. Edgar, 
 commonly called .£theiing, Edmund Ironflde' s * great* flbnepos ex 
 great grandchild by a fon, was the only perfon left of y 
 the Saxon Line j and as fuch had an hereditary 
 title to the Crown. But his tender years were thought 
 altogether uncapable of Government ; and befides, his 
 temper had in it a foreign mixture', as being born in 
 Hungary, the fon of Agatha daughter to the Empe- 
 ror Henry the third, who was at too great a diflance 
 to bear out the youth, either by ajfrflance or advice. 
 
 Upon thefe accounts, he was not much refpeBed by the 
 Englijh, who valu’d themfelves upon nothing more, 
 than to have a-King out of their own body. T/je Harold’s 
 general inclination, was towards Harold Godwin s Charafter. 
 fon, much fam'd for his admirable conduEl both in 
 Peace and War. For tho' the noblenefs of his Birth 
 lay but on one fide, and his father had by treafon and. 
 plunder rendefd himfelf eternally infamom', yet, 
 vshat by his courteom language, and good humour, 
 bis liberal temper, and warlike courage ; he had 
 fhangely infinuated himfelf into the affeBions of the 
 people. As none undertook dangerous attempts with 
 greater chearfulnefs ; fo in the utmofi extremities no 
 man was fo ready with advice. His courage and 
 juccefs were fo eminent in the MTelfh wars (which he 
 had fome time before happily brought to an end) that 
 he was look'd upon as a mafi accomplifl:' d General, 
 and feem'd to be born on purpofe to fettle the Englifl? 
 
 Government. Moreovei', it was hop'd that the 
 Danes (who were at that time the only dread of this 
 nation) would be more favourable to him, as being 
 the fon of Githa, Sifler to Sueno King of Denmark. 
 
 From what other parts foever, attempts, whether 
 d d foreign 
 
GCXl 
 
 The norm J NS. 
 
 ccxii 
 
 foreign or domcfiicki might be made ; he feetn d 
 jufficiently fecurd eigainji them by the af ebiions^ oj 
 the Commonalty, and his relation to the Nobility^ 
 He had married the Jifter oj Morcar and Edrvin, 
 luho at that time bore the greateji fway : and Ed- 
 ik (Jirnam'd the Wild) a man of a high Spirit, 
 and great authority, XU£W his near kinfman. It fell 
 out too 'very fortunately, that at the fame time Sue- 
 UQ the Dane was engag’d in the Suedifh wars', and 
 there Wits an ill underjianding between William the 
 JNonnan and Philip King of France. For Edward 
 the Confeffor, while he liv'd under banifloment in 
 Normandy, bad made this M'^lliam an exprefs pro- 
 mife of the Crown, in cafe himfelf died without iffue. 
 And Harold (who was then kept Prifoner in Nor- 
 mandy) was bound under a ftriCl Oath, as Gua- 
 rantee, to fee it perform’d, and made it one part of 
 the Conditions, that he (hould marry the Duke s 
 Daughter. For thefe nafons, many thought it moft 
 ad'vifable, to make a Prefent of the Crown to the 
 Duke of Normandy, that, by difcharging the pro- 
 mife, they might prevent both the war that threaten d 
 them, and dejinitlion, the certain punifhment of per- 
 jury i and that by the accejjion of Normandy to 
 England, the government might be eftablifo’d in the 
 hands of fo great a Prince, and the flrengtb and fi- 
 gure of the Nation conjiderably increas’d. But Ha- 
 Harold made void quickly cut off all debates that look’d this way > 
 King. finding that delays would be dangerous, the ve- 
 
 ry day that Edward was bury’ d, contrary to the ge- 
 neral expeBation he poffefs’d himfelf of the govern- 
 ment ; and with the applaufe of thofe about him 
 who proclaim’d him King, without any ceremony of 
 Inauguration he put m the Crown with bis own 
 hands, ‘this aBion of his very much difgufted the 
 Cle'igy, who look’d upon it as a breach of Faith. 
 But, as he was fenjible, how difficult it was for a 
 young Prince to eflabltfh his government without the 
 reputation of piety and vinue to cancel that crime 
 and to fettle himjelf on the throne, he bent all bis 
 thoughts towards promoting the interefi of the Qhxvcdci 
 and the dignity of Moiiaileries. He Jhow’d Edgar 
 JEtheling Earl of Oxford, and the refi of the No- 
 bility, all the refpeB imaginable ', he eas’d the peo- 
 ple of a great part of their taxes \ he beflow’d vafi 
 fums of money upon the poor ; and in fhort, what by 
 the affibility of his dijcourje, and patience in hear- 
 ing others, and equity in all caufes, be gain’d him- 
 jelf wonderful love as well as authority. 
 
 As foon as IViiliam, Duke of Normandy, had 
 certain intelligence of thefe matters, he pretended to be 
 infinitely affliBed for the death of Edward •, when, 
 all the while, the thing that lay upon his heart, 
 was his being difappointed of England, which he 
 had made himfelf jure of. Without more ado, by 
 advice of his Council, he fent over Embaffadors to 
 remind Harold of his promife and engagement and 
 to demand the Crown. Harold, after mature deli- 
 beration, return’d him this anfwer, "fhat as to Ed- 
 ward s promife, the Crown of England could not be 
 difpofed of by promife ; nor was be obliged to take 
 notice of it, Jince he govern d by right of EleBion 
 and not of Inheritance. And, for what concerned 
 his own Engagement, that that was plainly extort- 
 ted by force, treachery, and the fear of perpetual 
 imprifoument } and did likewife tend to the manifejl 
 damage of the Nation, and the prejudice of the No- 
 bility and therefore he look’d upon it as null in 
 it felf ; 'That if he could make good his promife, 
 he ought not or if he would, it was not in his 
 power ; fince it was made without the knowledge of 
 the King, or concurrence of the People : That the 
 demand feem’d highly nnreafonable, for him to fur- 
 render the government to a Norman Prince, who 
 was altogether a firanger : when he had been invefl- 
 ed with it by the unanimous confent of all Orders. 
 
 The Norman Duke did not at all relifh this an- 
 fwer, but plainly perceived that Harold was laying 
 
 William’s 
 McfTage to 
 Harold. 
 
 out for Salvo’s to avoid the charge of perjury. Up- 
 on which, he fent over another Embaffy on the fame 
 errand, to put him in mind of the JlriBnefs of his 
 Oath ', and, that damnation from God, and dijgrace 
 among men, are the certain rewards of perjury. 
 
 But becaufe Williams Daughter {who, as betroth’d 
 to Harold, was a tye upon him for the difcharge of 
 his Promife) was now dead ‘, they were entertained 
 with greater coldnefs, and return’d with the fame an- 
 fwer as at the firfi. Now, nothing was like to en- 
 fue, but open war. Harold prepares a feet, levies 
 foldiers, places garrifons in the mofl convenient parts 
 of the fea-coafl ; in fhort, omits nothing which may 
 contribute towards repelling the Normans. 
 
 In the mean time, what was never fo much asjoi^ohyiiti 
 thought of, the firfi fionn comes from Toiio, Harold. 
 rold’s own Brother. He was a man of a high fpi- 
 rit and cruel temper^ and had for fame time Prefi- 
 ded over the Kingdom of Northumberland with 
 great infolence till at lafi, for bis barbarous treax- 
 ment of his inferiors, his infolent carriage towards his 
 Prince, and a mortal hatred to bis own brethren, he 
 was cafhiered by Edward the Confeffor, and went 
 over into France. And at this junBure, encouragd 
 in all probability by Baldwin Earl of Flanders, and 
 drawn-in by William Duke of Normandy {for 
 Tofio and William had married two of Earl Bald- 
 wins daughters) he declar’d open war againfi his 
 brother, whom be had for a long time mortally ba- 
 ted. He fet out from Flanders voith 6 o fail of Pi- 
 rate-fbips, and wafied the Ifle of Wight, and very 
 much annoy’d the Kentifh coafi : but being frighted 
 at the approach of the Royal Navy, he fet fail, and, 
 fieering towards the remote parts of England, landed 
 in LincolnfiBre, and plundered that County. There 
 he was engagd by Edgar and Morcar, and defeated: 
 then be made for Scotland, with a defign to renew 
 the war. 
 
 Now, were all thoughts in fufpenfe, upon the ex- 
 peBation of a double Invafion, one from Scotland, and 
 another frosn Normandy and their fears were 
 heighten d by the dreadful appearance of a Comet ACorait. 
 Eajler, for about feven days together. This (cu it 
 ufuady does, in troublefom time^ fet the difiraBed 
 brains of the people a-work, to prefage what mife- 
 ries were to follow. But Harold, having a firiB eye 
 to every part of tlse Kingdom, fortify’ J the Soutb- 
 coafi with garrifons. He was not apprehenfive of 
 much danger from Scotland and Tofio, becaufe * Mil- * MaUolmw. 
 Columbm King of Scots was diverted by a civil 
 war. 
 
 In the mean time, William was continually think- William pre- 
 ing of a defcent into England. He occaficnally pares for an 
 vis’d with his Officers, and found them chearful^^'^^^^°^' 
 and full of hopes ; but all the difficulty was, how to 
 procure money to carry on fo important a war. For 
 upon a propofol made at a publick meeting of the 
 States of Normandy about raifing a fubfidy, it wcu 
 urg d, That the Nation was fo exhaujied by their 
 former wars with France, that if they engag’d in a 
 new war, they fhould have much ado even to aB de- 
 fenftvely : that they were concern’d rather to fecure 
 their own, than to invade others that bow jufi fo- 
 ever the war might be, there was no necejfity for it, 
 and that in all probability it would prove of dangerous 
 confequence : And lafily, that the Normans were not 
 bound by their allegiance to ferve in foreign wars. 
 
 No confiderations could bring them to raife a fupply, 
 though William * Fitz^osbert, a Man generally be-* film 
 lov’d both by Duke and people, promoted it with the Osbsni. 
 utmofi Zeal j and to encourage others, engagd to 
 build 40 fhips at his own charge for the Jervice of 
 the war. 
 
 The Duke, finding himfelf difappointed in this 
 publick way, tries other methods ; and fending for 
 the wealthiefi of them, one by one, fpeaks them fair, 
 and defires that each would contribute fomething to- 
 wards the war. This drove them to a fort of Emu- 
 lation, 
 
ccxiii The NORMANS. ccxiy 
 
 laiion, luho Jhould be mojl Malous in the afjijlance 
 of bis Prime, and made thpm promije largely) and 
 an account being taken of the contributions, a fum 
 beyond expeblntion u'4« rais’d in an infant. Mat- 
 ters being carried thus jar, he foliicits his neighbour- 
 ing Princes for aid, the Earls <^'Anjou^ Poidou, 
 M-'iyJit', and Bulloigne ) upon this encouragement, 
 that they fhoiild have a JJjare of the lands in Eng- 
 land. Next, he applies bimfelf to Philip King of 
 France, and promifes, that in cafe he contribute 
 his ajjiflance, he void take an Oath of fealty, and 
 hold England under him. But confidering it was 
 not by any means the imerejl of France, that the 
 neighbouring Norman, who already did not feem 
 much to value them, fhould be jlrengthend by the 
 addition of England (as Princes are always jealons 
 of the growing Power of their n^hboursj) Philip 
 v:as fo far j'rom encouraging the dejign, that he us’d 
 all means to divert him from it. But nothing could 
 draw him from his refolution ) wherein he was now 
 confirm’d and jufiified by the authority of Pope Alex- 
 ander. ('the Pope, about that time, began to 
 ujurp a jurifdiSiion over Princes : and he approv’d 
 the cauje, and fent him a confecrate'd banner 'as a 
 token of v 0 ory and empire, and excommunicated 
 all who fijould oppofe him.) Hereupon, he rais’d a 
 great Army, and got together a vafi fleet to S. Va- 
 It’i'icV (a town at the month of the river Some) 
 where he lay wind-bound for Jome time) and, that 
 he might have a fair wind, he fpar’d tieither pray- 
 ers nor offerings to S. Valeric, the Saint of the 
 place. 
 
 Harold, after be .had a long time expeBed him 
 in vain, refolved to disband bis army, lay up bis 
 fbips, and leave the fea-coafi ) partly becaufe provi- 
 jions began to fail, and partly becaufe the Earl of 
 Flanders had njfur d him that IViUiam had no de- 
 fign upon England this year. IFInch he eafily be- 
 liev’d, becaufe putting to fea would be ve-ry dan- 
 gerous at that time, when the .^([uinox was jufi 
 at hand. While he was fettling theje matters, all 
 on a fudden an unexpeBed invafion puts him under 
 a necefiity of getting his army together. For Ha- 
 InvalTon of void fimam’d Durus and Harfagcr, King of Nor- 
 th's King of (who had for a long time pirated upon the 
 Norway. mrtherfi parts of Britain, and pojfejs’d himfelf of 
 the Ifics oj Orkney) was drawn over by 'I’ofio up- 
 on a prifpeB of the Kingdom of England, and en- 
 tered the river Fine with about 500 rovers, where 
 he was. joined by Tofio. After they had plunder’d 
 thnfe parts, they weighed anchor, and failing along 
 the coafi of Torkfhire, came into Humber ; where 
 they began to break out into all kinds of military 
 Execution. But to flop their progrefs, Edwin and 
 Morcar, two Earls, attack’d them with a confus’d 
 undifciplined army ) which being overpowered by the 
 Norwegians, ran away. Tfhe greater part, among 
 whom were the two Earls, maik a fhift to get off, 
 but many were drown d in their pafiage over the 
 river Oufe. 'The Norwegians, without more ado, 
 refolv’d to lay fiege to Fork ) but upon boftages given 
 on both fides, the place was furrender d. A few 
 days after, Harold having got bis whole army toge- 
 ther, marched towards Fork, and from thence to- 
 wards the Norwegians ) who bad encamp’d in a ve- 
 ry advantageous place. Behind, they were fecur’d 
 by the fea ; on the left, by the bay of Humber, 
 where their fleet rode at anchor ) and on the right 
 and front, by the river Derwent. Notwitbfianding 
 all this, Harold attack’d them vesy vigoroufiy, and 
 * Stanford- the firfi skirmifij was at a * bridge over the river 
 York* Derwent, where, it is faid, one Jingle Norwe- 
 gian bore up for fame time againfl the whole Eng- 
 lifh army, till at lafi he was fhot dead. Next, the 
 battle was removed to the camp, where the advan- 
 tages on both fides were ecpual for a while. At lafi, 
 on the fide of the No)wegians the ranks were broken ; 
 and Harold King of Norwey, with Tofio, and the 
 
 greatefl part of their army, were flain. The booty 
 which Harold got by this viBory, wets very conjtdera- 
 ble ) gold and filver in great plenty, and every Jhip 
 of that large fleet, except twenty fmall vejfels, which 
 he gave to Paul Earl 0/ Orkney, andOlavus (Jon 
 of Harold who was flainf) to carry off their wound- 
 ed ) firfi taking an Oath of them, that they would 
 never again diflurb England. Harold was exceed- 
 ingly hearten’d with this viBory, and hop’d that it 
 would as much difhearten the Normans ) though bis 
 own fubjeBs began to hate him, for not difiributing 
 the fpoil among the foldiers. AM his thoughts were 
 fpent in the fettlement of the Nation, which, efpe- 
 cially in thofe parts, was in a miferable condition. 
 
 In the mean time, WiUiam the Norman had i3 William 
 favour able wind: he fet Jail about the end Sep-^^^^^> 
 tember, and, by the benefit of a gentle gale, pafs’d 
 with his whole fleet to Pemfey in Suffex. He found 
 the coafi clear ) and to cut off all hopes of efcaping 
 by flight, he fir’d the /hips. After he had built a 
 cafile there, for a retreat, he went forward to Haft- 
 ings, where be built another, and put a garrifon in 
 -it. Next, he publifh’d the reafons of this invafion ; 
 
 To revenge the death of his kinfman Alfred, whom 
 among many other Normans, Godxoin, Harold’s 
 father, bad fiain ; and, to take fatisfaBion for the 
 injuries which Harold had done, in banifhing Ro- 
 bert Archbifhop of Canterbury, and accepting the 
 Crown of England, contrary to his own exprefs Oath. 
 
 And be alfo publifh’d a firiB order among bis Soldiers, 
 that none fhould plunder the Englifh. 
 
 News oj thefe things was quickly brought to Ha- 
 rold ) who judging it mofi advifable to engage the 
 Norman as foon as poffible, difpatches meffengers to 
 all parts, befeeches bis fubjeBs to »be true to him, 
 gfis his whole army together, and marches with all 
 fpeed to London. William fent an Embafjador to 
 him there, who, with great importunity demanding 
 the Crown, did fo provoke and incenfe him, that he 
 very hardly refiraind himfelf from violence. His 
 late viBory had wrought him up to fo much info- 
 lence and affurance, that it was a diffcult thing to 
 bring him down. Fonly-witb, be fent Embaffadors 
 to WiUiam, with very fevei'e threatnings of what 
 he was to expeB, unlefs he return’d immediately to 
 Normandy. William difmifs’d them with a gentile . 
 anfwer, and with great civility. Harold, in the 
 mean time, makes a general mufler at London, and 
 finds his forces conflderahly leffend by the late battle 
 with the Norwegians ) but, however makes up a 
 firong body, out of the Nobility and others, whofe 
 concern for the publick fafety had invited them to take 
 arms. Prefently, he marches into Suffex, though al- 
 together contrary to the advice of his mother ) and 
 with undaunted refolution encamps in a plain fcarce 
 Jeven miles from the Normans. 
 
 WiUiam with his army advanc’d towards Preparations 
 Spies were fent out by both fides. Thofe of the Eng-^ot a BacceS. 
 lifh, either out of ignorance or dejign, gave a pro- 
 digious account of the number, preparations, and d/f- 
 ciplin of the Normans. Upon this, Gytbus, Ha- 
 rold’s younger brother, and a very famous foldier, 
 did not think it advifable to run the hazard of a 
 decifive battle. He told the King, that the iffue of 
 War was at befl dubious ) that viBories depended 
 oftner upon fortune than courage ) and that jnature 
 deliberation was the greatefl part of military ConduB. 
 
 He advifed him, in cafe he had made a promife to 
 WiUiam of the reverfion of the Kingdom, at leafi 
 not to fight in perfon ) becaufe no forces could guard 
 him agahifi his own confcience, and God would cer- 
 tainly punifh every breach of promife : adding, that 
 nothing could cafl a greater damp upon the Normans, 
 than if he fhould raife a new army, to engage them 
 afrefh. He farther promifed, that if he would trufi 
 him with the management of the Battel, he would 
 difeharge the duty of a f aithful brother, and a refo- 
 lute General: adding, that as he had the fupport of 
 
 a good 
 
CCXV 
 
 CCXVl 
 
 Th e NORMANS. 
 
 n Mrf mfdmce, he might dejeat the etumy more 
 eaftly, or nt kaft die more huffily in thefermce 0} 
 
 bis cmttry. ^ , , . , . 
 
 Tide King did not like fuch language, m thinking 
 that all this plainly tended to the dijhonour of his fer- 
 fon. For cu be mild be very well content to run We 
 hazard of a battle, fo the imputation oj cowardije 
 was a thing he could not bear. As for the ^fp'tkle 
 account they gave of the Normans, he made light of 
 it i and could not think it conftfied with his dignity 
 or fo-.-mer behaviour, now he was come to the lap 
 haz^ard, like a coward to run away, and fo to bring 
 upon himfelf eternal Reproach. T'hm, whom God 
 has married for defiruilion, he always infatuates. 
 
 While thefe things were going forward, WiUtam, 
 out of a pious care for the intereji of Cbfjtendom, 
 and to prevent the effajion of Cbrifiian blood, Jent 
 out a Monk, as Mediator between both : Who pro- 
 pos'd thefe terms to Harold', either to ref gn the go- 
 we-rnment or to own it a Tenure in ieefrOm the 
 Norman or to decide the matter in fmgle combat 
 With William', or, at leaft, to fland to the Rope s 
 determination. But he, like one who had loH the 
 government over himfelf, rejecied all propofitions, and 
 rrferrd hu catife entirely to the tribunal oj God. 
 Next day {which was the ir^tb of Ohhber) he pro- 
 inisd to give them battle ', foolijlAy flattering Imn- 
 felf withfuccefs, becanfe it was his birth-day. That 
 night, the Englifh fpent in revels, feafling, and 
 fhouting ', but the Normans, in prayers for the fafety 
 of their army, and for viBory. Next morning bj 
 break of day both armies drew up. In Harold's, 
 the Kentifh men with their balbens were in the van 
 {for by an old cujlom they claim the front of the 
 
 + JIfero ag. j year, was Harold and his bro- 
 
 ther^ the Midland Englifh, and the Londoners. The 
 wan of the Norman army was led up by Roger of 
 Montgomery and William FitMsberne ', and confifled 
 of the horfe of Anjou, Perch, Maine, and Little 
 Britain ', moH of which bad fervd under Fergen- 
 tas the Briton. Toe main battle, made up of PoiSio- 
 vins and Germans, was commanded by Geffrey Mar- 
 tel, emd a German Stipendiary. In the _ rear, was 
 the Duke himfelf with a firong body of Normans, 
 and the flower of the Nobility. The Archers were 
 mix'd through the whole army. 
 
 The Battle. The Normans, after a regular Jhout, founded to 
 
 Cantus Rsl- Battle, and advanc'd. They charged firfi with a 
 volley of arrows, from all parts ; and that being a 
 fort of Attack to which the Englifh were flrangers, 
 
 . proved exceeding terrible : for they fell fo thick, that 
 they thought the enemy was got into the midft of their 
 army. Next, they charg'd the front of theEngUjh', 
 who, refohing rather to die upon the fpot, than re- 
 treat, kept their ranks, and repulfed them with great 
 lofs. The Normans attack'd them a fecond time ; 
 and they bore up floutly one againjh the other. Tim, 
 hand to hand, and man toman, they were for fome 
 time very warmly engaged ', but the Englifh kept ckfe 
 in one body, and maintain'd their ground with fo 
 much bravery, that the Normans being moH mife- 
 rably barrafs'd, were upon the point of retreating, had 
 not William ailed the part as well of a common 
 foldier as a General, and by his authority prevented 
 their Retreat. By this means, the battle was con- 
 tinu'd, and the Norman horfe were fent with all fpeed 
 to reinforce them, while the Englifh were over- 
 whelmed with fljQwers of arrows : and yet, for all 
 that, they kept their ranks. For Harold, behaving 
 himfelf in all refpells like a brave General, was 
 every where ready with fuccours', and William, on 
 the other fide, was nothing inferior. He had two 
 horfes killed under him i and after he faw that no- 
 thing could be done by force, he began to all by 
 flratagem. He ordered his men to found a retreat, 
 and to give ground ; but flill to keep their ranks. 
 The Englifh, taking this for flight, thought the day 
 WM certainly their own: whereupon, they broke their 
 
 ■ranks, and, not doubting of vitlory, purfued the ene- 
 my in great diforder. But the Normans, rallying 
 their troops on a fudden, renew'd the battle, and 
 enclofmg the EngHflj in that diforder, kill'd great 
 numbers, while they flood doubtful whether theyfhould 
 run or fight. But a conflderable number, pofling 
 tbemfelves on the higher grounds, got into a body, and 
 encourag'd one another, and oppofed the Enemy with 
 great refolution ', as if they had made ohoice of that 
 place for an honourable death. At lafl, Harold wasX\sz'S\&itiv.. 
 fhot through the head with an arrow, and there, with 
 bis two brothers, Gythm and Leofwine, lofi his life. 
 
 Upon this, Edwin and Morcar, with fome few who 
 had fav'd their lives, efcap'd by flight {giving way 
 to the hand of providence, and the prefent necefjjty,y 
 after they had fought without intermiffm from feven 
 a-clock in the morning to the dusk of the evening. The 
 Normans lofi in this battle about 6000 men, and the 
 Englifh afar greater number. William, overjoy d with 
 his viclory, order'd a folemnThankfgiving to Almighty 
 God, and pitch'd bis tent in the middle of the flain •, 
 where he flay'd that night. Next day, after he had 
 buried his dead, a'ad granted leave to the Englifh W 
 do the like i be return'd to Haftings to confldcr of 
 proper methods how to purfue his viflory and to re- 
 frefh his foldiers. 
 
 As foon as the news ' of this viBory reach'd Lon- 
 don a'nd other cities of England, the whole Nation 
 was in a furprife, and in a manner confounded. Gi- 
 tha, the Kings mother, was Jo overcome with grief, 
 that no way was found to comfort her. She humbly 
 deflr'dof the Conqueror the bodies of her fons', which 
 flje buryd in Waltham-Abby. Edwin fent away 
 Queen Algitha bis fifler, into the remote pans of the 
 Kingdom. The Nobility deflr'd the people not to de- 
 fpair, and began to confider of methods bow to fettle 
 the Nation. The Arch-bifhop of Fork, with the 
 City of London, and the \ Sea-men {commonly called^ ClajfiOtiy 
 Botefcarles) were for making Eadgar King, and for Botefcarlcj. 
 renewing the war with William. Edwin and Mor- 
 car were fecretly contriving to get the Government 
 into their own hands. But the Bifhops, Prelats, 
 and others upon whom the Pope' s Anathema made a 
 deeper imprefflon, thought it mofi advifable to fur- 
 render, and not to incenfe the Conqueror with a 
 fecond battel, the ijfue whereof was but at hefl 
 doubtful ', nor reflfl God, who for the crying Jins of 
 the nation had deliver'd England into the hands of 
 the Normans. 
 
 William, leaving agarrifon in Haflings, refolvd to William 
 march in a hoflila manner direBly to London but, to marches to 
 diffufe a greater terror through the nation, and to make 
 all Jure behind him, he divided his forces, and 
 march'd through part of Kent, Suffex, Surrey, 
 
 Hamfhire, and Berkfhire. As he went, he burnt 
 the villages and houjes, and plunder'd them, pafs'd 
 the Thames at Walingford, and fill'd all places 
 with the utmofi cfinfiernation. Tloe Nobility all this 
 while were at a fland what to do, nor could they be 
 perfuaded to lay afide private animofities, and confult 
 the publick interefl ff the nation. The Clergy, to 
 gain abfolution from the curfes and cenfures of the 
 Pope {by which he did at that time tyrannix.e over men 
 and kingdoms) and confldering that affairs were now 
 defperate, flood fo firm to their refolution of fur- 
 rendering, that many, to fave tbemfelves, withdrew 
 out of the City. But Alfred Arebbifhop of Fork, 
 
 Wolftan Bifhop of Worcefier, with fome other Bi- 
 fhops, and Edgar Etheling, Edwin, and Morcar, 
 met the Norman Conqueror at Berkhamfied. He made 
 them mofi glorious promifes ', upon which, hofiages 
 were given, and they fubmitted tbemfelves to Ids 
 proteBion. Forth-with, he went to London, where he 
 was receiv'd and fainted King, with great joy and ac- 
 clamation. Next, he prepar'd all necejfaries for the 
 Inauguration, which he had appointed to be on Chrifl- 
 mas-day ; and in the mean time employed all his care 
 and thoughts for the fetthment of the Nation. 
 
ccxvu 
 
 The NORMANS. 
 
 ccxvm 
 
 w 
 
 This ■v.'c’J the period of the Saxon Government in 
 Brititin, that Lifted Ji% hundred and /even years. 
 TVhich ftgnal Renjoliition in the Kingdomt fome impu- 
 ted to the a'oarice of. the Mugiftrates i others to the 
 fuperftitiom laz.inejs of the Clergy ; a third fort, to 
 the Comet vshkh then appear’d and the influence of 
 the Stars ; a fourth attributed it to God, vjho for 
 hidden, but ahaays juft reafons, difpofes of King- 
 doms. But othe'i's, who look’d into the tnore imme- 
 diate caufes, charg’d it upon the imprudence of King 
 Edward, voho tinder the fpeciom fhow of religious 
 chafiity, neglecled to fecure a fuccejfion, and thereby 
 - made the Kingdom a prey to Ambition. 
 
 'Hat an infolent and bloody Victory this 
 was, the Monks, who wrote about it, 
 do fully inform us ; Nor can we queftion, but 
 in this, as in all others, Diforder and Wickeduefs 
 had the upper hand. WiUiamfw token of hiscon- 
 queft, laidafide the greateft part of theEiiglifh 
 Laws,andintroduc’dtheNonnan cuftoms,andor- 
 der’d that allCaufes fllould be pleaded inFrench. 
 The Englifii were dirpolfefs a of their here- 
 ditary ellates, and the lands divided among his 
 Soldiers ; but with this referve, that he fliould 
 ■f Dirsllum remain the f diredt Proprietor, and oblige them 
 Hominum> homage to him and his fuccelfors : that 
 
 is, that they fliould hold them in Fee imme- 
 * Fiduciarii. diately of the King, and themfelves be * Feuda- 
 TheSeal of tory Lords and in adual, pofleffion. He made a 
 William the Seal aifo, enthe one fide ofwhich was engraven. 
 Conqueror. 
 
 Hoc JNoi'mannoYum Gulielmwn nofee patronum. 
 
 By this the Norman owns great William, 
 Duke. 
 
 On the other fide. 
 
 Hoc Anglis ftgno Regem fatearU eundem. 
 
 By this too, England owns the fame, their 
 King. 
 
 Further (as William of Mahnsbury tells us) 
 in imitation of Cafar’s policy, who would not ba'ue 
 thofe Germans, that skulk'd in the foreft of Ar- 
 denna, and by their frequent excurftons very much 
 ' annoy’d his army, fuppref s' d by the Rotnans, but by 
 his allies the Gauls ; that while foreigners deftroyed 
 one another, bimfelf might triumph without blood- 
 fteed : In Imitation of this, IVilUam took the fame 
 methods with the Englifh. For there were fome, who 
 after the firft battle of the unfortunate Harold, had 
 fled into Denmark and Ireland ; where they got to- 
 gether a ftrong body of men, and returned three years 
 after: To oppofe them, he dijpateb’d away an Eng- 
 lifh army and General, and let the Normans live at 
 their eafe. For, which fide foever got the left, he 
 found his intereft would go forward. And fo it 
 proved : for after the Englift} had skirmifh’ d for fome 
 time one with another, the viSlory was prefented to 
 the King without trouble. And in another place : 
 The EngUlh After the power of the Laity was deftroy’d, he made 
 thrown o\xto^ a pofitive declaration, that no Monk or Clergy-man 
 their Ho. of the Englifh nation, fhould pretend to any place of 
 dignity condemning the eafinefs of King Canutm, 
 who maintain’d the conquered party in full poffeffton of 
 their honours. By which means, after his death, the 
 natives found fo little difficulty, in driving out the 
 foreigners and recovering their ancient freedom. 
 
 After he had fettled thefe matters, his prin- 
 cipal care was, to avoid the ftorm of the Da- 
 nifli war (which he faw hanging over his head,) 
 and even to purchafe a Peace. On this occa- 
 fion, he made Adalbert Archbifhop of Ham- 
 burgh, his Agent. For Adam Bremenfis fays, 
 "There was a perpetual quarrel between Sueno, and 
 
 the Baftard ; but our Archbifhop being brib’d by 
 William, made it hU bufinefs to ftrike up a peace be- 
 tween the two Kings. And it is very probable, 
 that there was a Peace concluded -, for, from 
 that time, England was never apprehenfive of 
 the D.aiies. William made it his whole bufi- 
 nefs to maintain the dignity of his government, 
 and to fettle and eftablifli the Kingdom by 
 wholfom Laws. For fo Gervafius Tilburienfis 
 tells us. After the famous Conqueror of England 
 {King WiUiamj had fuhdud the furtheft parts of 
 the Iflandy and terrify’d the Rebels by dreadful ex- 
 amples i that they might not be in a condition to 
 break loofefor the future, be refolv’d to bring his Sub- 
 jehls under the obedience of written laws. Where- 
 upon, the Laws of England, according to their three- 
 fold divfion, that is Merchenlage, Denelage, and 
 Weft-Sexenlage, being laid bef ore him j fome of 
 them he abrogated, and others he approved, and added 
 to them fuch of the foreign NormanLaws, ca he found 
 mofl conducive to the peace of the Kingdom. Next 
 (as we are allur’d by Ingulphus, who lived at 
 that time) he obliged-all the inhabitants of Eng- 
 land to do Isomage, and to fwear fealty to liim againft 
 aU others. He took a furvey of the whole nation j fo 
 that there was not a fingle Hide of land in England, 
 
 <f which he did not know both the value, and the 
 owner. Not a lake, nor any other place, but was 
 regifterd in the King’s Rolls, with its revenue, rent, 
 tenure, and owner; according to the relation of cer- 
 tain Taxers, who were chofen in each Trail, to de- 
 feribe the places belonging to it. This Rod was called 
 the Roll of Winchefler, and by the Englifh 
 Domefday, as being an univerfal and exaft ‘^^'Romefday- 
 count of every tenement in the whole nation. Andi^Q^jj 
 I the rather make mention of this Book, he-h-y Gervafius 
 caufe I fliall have frequent occafion to quote itTHfurknfis, 
 hereafter, under the name of William’s Tax-fl^^I JuTi- 
 book. The Notitia of England,The Cefs-book of Eng- 
 land, The publick Alls, and The Survey of England. 
 
 But as to Polydore Virgil’s aflertion, that 
 William the Conqueror firft brought in the fu- 
 ry of Twelve, nothing can be more falfe. Forj^ryof 
 it is plain from Ethelred’s Laws, that it was inTwelvs. 
 ufe many years before the Conqueft. Nor can 
 I fee any reafon, why he fliould call it a terrible 
 fury. Twelve men, who are Freeholders, -and 
 qualified according to Law, are duly fummon’d 
 oup of the Neighbourhood ; thefe are bound 
 by*oath to give their real opinion as to mat- 
 ter of fa<ft j they hear the Counfel on both 
 fides, and the evidence ; then they take along 
 with them the f depofitions of both parties, and I Inftrumcn- 
 are clofe confined, and deny’d meat, drink, 
 and fire, till they agree upon their Verditft 
 (unlefs the want of thefe may endanger fome 
 of their lives.) As foon as they have delivered 
 it, the Judge gives fentence according to Law. 
 
 And this method was look’d upon by our wife 
 Anceftors to be the beft, for difeovering of 
 truth, hindering of bribes, and preventing 
 partiality. ' 
 
 How great the Norman Courage was, may”^"® Warlike 
 be learnt from other Writers : I fliall ® 
 
 obferve, that being feated in the midft of 
 warlike Nations, they never made fubmiffioii 
 their refuge, but always arms. By thefe, they 
 poflefs’d themlelves of the noble Kingdoms of 
 England and Sicily. For Tancred, * Nephew * Neyos. 
 to Richard the Second, Duke of Normandy, 
 and his Succefibrs, perform’d many glorious 
 Exploits in Italy, drove the Saracens out of Si- 
 cily, and fet up a Kingdom of their own. So that 
 a Sicilian Hiftorian ingenuoufty confelfes, thatitT^- 
 is entirely owing to the Normans, that the 
 lians enjoy their native Soil, their Freedom, 
 and their Chriftianity. Their valiant beha- 
 viour in the wars cf the Holy land, exceeding- 
 e e ly 
 
CCXIX 
 
 The NO R MANS. 
 
 ccxx 
 
 lyencreas'd their honour. Which gave Roger 
 Hovcden cccalion to fay, T’hat hold Frame.) after 
 pje had experienced the Norman valour, drew 
 ^ Scriita re-hack', fierce England fubmitted ; rich Apulia was\ 
 pmiit. reftord to her fourijlmg condition ; famom ^erufa- 
 iem and renown d Antioch were both Jubdu^d. Since 
 that time, England has been equal, for warlike 
 Exploits and liberal Education, to the moft 
 The EngliJlijfloiirifhing nations of the Chriftian world. So 
 Guards to the that the Englifli were peculiarly made choice of 
 Emperors ofj.Qj, Q^^rds to the Emperors of Conftantinople. 
 ConiUntino. Country-man Malmsbury has told 
 
 ^ us) John fan of Alexius Comenus very much 
 
 admiring their fidelity, fievid them greater refpeSi 
 than he did any others, and recommended them to his 
 fon, as men deferving his efieem ', and they were, 
 for many years together, the Emperor Guards. 
 Nicetas Choniata calls them Inglini Bipenniferi ; 
 £arangi, and Curopalata, Barangi. F'hefe attended the Em- 
 peror where-ever he went (with halberts upon their 
 Jhoulders) as oft as be fin d abroad out of his clofet i 
 and pray'd in Englijh for his long life, clafioing their 
 halberts one againfi another to make a noife. As to 
 ChaicmcUlss. the blemifli which Chalcondilas has caft upon our 
 nation, of having wives in common, Truth it 
 felf wipes it off, and confronts the extravagant 
 folly of the trifling Greek. For (as my moft 
 learned and excellent Friend Ortelius fpeaks 
 upon this very fubjeft,) fFhat one perfon relates 
 of another, is not always Gofpel. 
 
 Thefe are the People which have inhabited 
 Britain j of whom there remain to this day, the 
 
 Britains, the Saxons or Angles, with a mixture 
 of Normans, and, towards the North, the Scots. 
 Hereupon, there are two Kingdoms in the 
 Ifland, England andScotland, which were long . 
 divided j but | were happily united under f Arc now, 
 one Imperial Diadem in the moft potent Prince,^* 
 
 King James fthe firft *1 
 
 ^ SeeHift.of 
 
 It is not material to take notice of the q. Anne'' 
 Flemings, who about f five hundred years ago, fore ScmliKi 
 came over hither, and had leave of the King to"^ C. 
 
 fettle in Wales; fince we fliall mention them in the County 
 
 another place. Let us then conclude this part of Pembrok. 
 with that of Seneca; From hence it is manifefi,j)g ConfoU^i, 
 that nothing has continu'd in its primitive fiate.one)%oA]biiuu 
 'There is a continual floating in the affairs of man- 
 kind. In this vafl orb there are daily revolutions : 
 new foundations of cities laid, and new names given 
 \ to nations, by the extinBion of the former name, or 
 I the addition bj it to that of a more powerful party. 
 
 ! And, confidering that all thefe nations which 
 \ invaded Britain, were Northern ; as were alfo 
 others, who about that time over-ran Europe, 
 and after it, Afia ; Nicephorus’s obfervation, 
 founded upon the authority of Scripture, is very 
 true. As God very often fends terrors upon men, 
 from heaven, fuch are thunder, fire, and fiorms ; 
 and from earth, as the opening oj the ground, and 
 earthquakes ; and out of the air, as whirlwinds, 
 and immoderate rains : So tbofe Northern terrors are 
 as it were referu'd by God, to be fent out for Punifh- 
 ments, when, and upon whom, the Divine Provi- 
 dence fhall think fit. 
 
CCXXl 
 
 ccxxii 
 
 HoW Coun- 
 tries are 
 divided. 
 
 * «rOIXiA*r- 
 + iBrOAl'JjXWf. 
 
 Divifions of 
 Britain. 
 
 Grtut and 
 ■Little ErU 
 tain. 
 
 
 THE 
 
 DIVISION 
 
 O F 
 
 BRITAIN 
 
 E T US now proceed to the 
 Di’vijton of Britain. Coun- 
 tries are divided by Geogra- 
 phers, either NaturaUyy ac- 
 cording to the Rivers and 
 Mountains ; or Provinciallyi 
 with refped to the feveral 
 people A^ho inhabit them j or * Arbitrarily^ and 
 with I Political Vieu>Si according to the pleafure 
 and jurifdiCtion of Princes. The firfl; and fe- 
 cond of thefe divifions are here and there treated 
 of throughout the whole work but the third 
 (i. e. the Political) feems proper to this place : 
 which yet is fo much obfeur’d by Time, that 
 in this matter it is eafier to deted. Error, than 
 to difeover Truth. 
 
 OurHiftorians affirm, that the moft ancient 
 divifion of Britain, was, into Loegria, Cambria, 
 and Albania j that is (to fpeak more intelligibly) 
 into England, IVales, and Scotland. But I look 
 upon this to be of later date ; both becaufe 
 it is threefold, arifing from the three People, 
 the Angles, the Cambrians, and the Scots, who at 
 laft'fhared the Ifland among them j and aifo be- 
 caufe there is no fuch divifion mentioned by 
 claffick Authors; no, nor by any other, before 
 our country-man Geofry of Monmouth. For (as 
 the Criticks of our age have obferv’d) his Ro- 
 mance had not been all of a piece, unlefs he 
 had given Brute three Sons, Locrinm, Camber, 
 and AlbanaBm, to anfwer the three nations 
 that were here in his time ; in the fame manner 
 as he had before made a Brutns, becaufe this 
 Ifland was call’d Britain. And they no way 
 doubt, but if there had been more nations at 
 that time in Britain, he would have found more 
 fons for Brute. 
 
 In the opinion of many of the Learned, the 
 mofl ancient divifion of Britain is that of Pto- 
 lemy, in his fecond book of Mathematical Con- 
 flruUion, where, treating of Parallels, he di- 
 vides it into Great and Little Britain. But with 
 due fubraiffion to Perfons of fo great Learning ; 
 I conceive they would be of opinion, that our 
 Ifland is there call’d Britannia Mag^a, and Ire- 
 land Parva, if they would confider the diftances 
 from the ^Equator a little more accurately, and 
 compare it with his Geographical Works. Not 
 but fome modern writers have call’d the hither 
 
 and foutherly part of this Ifland, Great, and the 
 farther toward tlie North, Little ; the inhabi- 
 tants whereof were formerly dillinguilh’d into 
 Maiatcc and Caledonii, that is, into the Inhabi- 
 tants of the Plains, and of the Mountains, as 
 the Scots are at this day into Hechtland-men, and 
 Lovoland-rnen. But the Romans negleffing that 
 farther 'I’r^l, becaufe (as Appian fays) it could be 
 of no importance or advantage to them, and fixing 
 their bounds not far from Edenburgh, divided 
 the hither part (after it was reduc’d to the form 
 of a Province) into two, the Lower and the 
 Upper; as may be gather’d from Dio. For he;^'- V* 
 calls the hither part, with Wales, the Upper ; c'r'Tnd 
 and the farther, lying northward, the Lower, riot. 
 
 And this is confirm’d by Dio’s account of the 
 
 Seats of their Legions. The (ccowd Legion, //!•«, Caerleon 
 
 gujia, at Caerleon in Wales, and the Twentieth, ar Vsk. 
 
 call’d Vithix, at Chefter or Deva ; are both 
 
 plac’d by him in Upper Britain. But he tells us, 
 
 that the Sixth Legion call’d ViHrix, whofe re- 
 
 fidence Avas at York, ferv’d in Lower Britain. 
 
 I fliould think, this divifion was made by Se- 
 verus the Emperor , fince Hcrodian allures us, 
 that after he had conquer’d Albinm (the then 
 General of the Britains, who poflefs’d himfelf 
 of the Government,) and fettled the affairs of 
 Britain, he divided the whole Province into 
 two parts, and appointed a Lieutenant for the 
 Government of each. 
 
 Afterwards, the Romans divided the Pro- 
 vince of Britain into three parts (a) (as we 
 learn from a Manufeript of Sextus Rufus) viz,. 
 
 Maxima C^farienjis, Britannia prima, and Eri~ Britannia 
 tannia Secunda \ which I fanfy may be traced triplex. 
 from the ancient Bifhops, and their Diocefes. 
 
 Pope Lucius, in Gratian, intimates that the Difl. 8, c, it 
 Ecclefiaftical jurifdidion of the Chriflians, was 
 modei’d according to the jurifdidion of the 
 Roman Magifiraces; and that the ArchbifhopS 
 had their Sees in fuch Cities as had formerly 
 been the refidence of the Roman Governors.7?je 
 cities (fays he) and the places where Primates Primates^ 
 to prejide, are not of a lette model, but Were fix’d 
 many years before the coming of Chrifi; to the Go- 
 vernors of which cities, the Gentiles alfo made their 
 appeals in their more weighty affairs. In which ve- 
 ry cities alfo, after the coming of Chrifi, the Apofiles 
 and their Succeffors feiled Patriarchs or Primates ; 
 
 who 
 
 (a) Ulferu AntiquUat* Britan, p, 5 1. 
 
ccxxia 
 
 The Divifion oiTBRITAIN. ccxxiv 
 
 Majtres 
 
 Cauf.e. 
 
 II Li/uitem. 
 
 Britain di- 
 vided into 
 five parts. 
 
 tJothla fro. 
 vlnciarum. 
 
 Lib, 28. 
 
 + Arbiirio. 
 
 SriUinnia 
 
 Trima, 
 
 Hritannia Se- 
 cunda. 
 
 TJavia Cxfa- 
 rienjis. 
 Maxima Ca- 
 farietifn. 
 Valentia, 
 
 v:ho h/i'ie poicer to judge the Caujes oj BiJI)opSy^ and 
 j others of great ejujemence. 'Now, fince Britain 
 had J'drmcrty three Arcnbiiliops, London, York, 
 and Caerlfon ; it is my opinion, that the Pro- 
 vince which wc now call Canterbury (for thi- 
 ther the See of London was tranflated) made 
 the Britannia Prima ; ^I_mt Wales, which was 
 lubjecr to the Bifhop of Caerleony was the Se~ 
 cunda', and that the Province of York, w'hich 
 then reach’d as far as tlic |[ Wall, was the Mavti- 
 maCajarienJh. 
 
 The next age after that, when the Conlutu- 
 tion of t!ie Roman Government was every day 
 chang’d (either through ambition, that more 
 might be preferred to places of honour j or the 
 policy ot the Emperors, to curb the growing 
 power of their Prelidents) they divided Britain 
 into five parts; Britannia piina, Secunda, Maxi- 
 ma Cajarienjis, Valentin, and Flavia Cajarienjts. 
 Valentia feems to have been the northern-part 
 of the Maxima Cafarienjis, which Theodofius, 
 General under the. Emperor Valens, recover’d 
 from the Fids and Scots, and, out of comple- 
 ment to his Mailer, coX\’ Ail Valentia, as Mar- 
 cellinus teflifies in thofe words. 'The Province 
 ixbkh hadfal’n into the Enemy s hands, he recover d, 
 and reduedto itsjormer fiate; fo that by bis means,tt 
 enjoyed a latvjul Governor, and was alfo, | by appoint^ 
 ment of the Prince, afte>'ixiards caldd Valentia. It is 
 rcafonable tofupp<^e, that the Son ofthisTheo- 
 dofius (who upon his being Emperor, was call’d 
 Flavius Theodofim, and made feveral alterations 
 in the Empire) might add Flavia, becaufe 
 we never meet with Britannia Flavia before the 
 time of this Flavim. To be Ihort then, Bri- 
 tannia Prima all that Southern trad, 
 
 boui^ded on one hand with the Britifh Ocean, 
 and on the other with the Thames and the Se- 
 vern-Sea : B'ritamia Secunda was the fame with 
 the prefent Wales : Flavia Cafarienjts reach’d 
 from the Thames to Humber : Maxima Cafa- 
 rienfis, from Humber to the river Tine, or Se- 
 verus’s wall : Valentia, from the Tine to the 
 Wail near Edenburgh, call’d by the Scots 
 Gramefdike ; which was die limit of the Roman 
 Empire. 
 
 And here I cannot but obferve, that very 
 learned men have betray’d a want of judgment, 
 in bringing Scotland into this number ; fome 
 urging that it was the Maxima Cafarienjis, o- 
 thers, the Britannia Secunda. As if the Romans 
 had not negleded tliat cold frozen Climate, and 
 included in this number fuch Provinces only as 
 were govern’d by Coiifular Lieutenants and Pre- 
 
 lidencs. For the Maxima Cafarienjls and Valen- 
 tia were under perfons of Confular dignity ; and 
 the other three, Britannia Prima, Secunda, and 
 Flavia, under Prefidents. 
 
 If any one ask me, what grounds I have for 
 this divilion, and accufe me of fettingfalfe bounds', 
 he fhall hear in few words, what it was that 
 led me into this opinion. After I had obferv’d, 
 that the Romans call’d the Provinces, Prirnce, 
 which were neareft Rome (as Germania Prima, 
 Belgica Prima, Lugdunenjis Prima, Aquitania 
 Prima, Pannonia Prima, all nearer Rome, than 
 fuch as are called Secunda) and that the more 
 refin’d writers call’d the Prima, the Upper ; and 
 the Secunda, the Lovser : I concluded the South- 
 part of our Ifland, as nearer Rome, to be the 
 Britannia Prima. For the fame reafon, lince 
 chfe Secunda Provincia (as they call them) were 
 moft remote from Rome, I thought Wales muft 
 be the Britannia Secunda. Further, obferving 
 that in the decline of the Roman Empire, thofe 
 Provinces only had Confular Governors, which 
 were the Frontiers (as is evident from the No- 
 titia, not only in Gaul, but alfo in Afric ;) and 
 tWtValentiav^ith us, as a\{o Maxima Cafarienfis, 
 are call’d Confular Provinces ; I took it for grant- 
 ed, that they were neareft and moft expos’d to 
 I the Scots and Pids, in the Parts above-rn)en» 
 
 I tioned. And as for Flavia Cafarienfis, I cannot 
 I but fanfy that it was in the middle of the reft, 
 
 ! and the heart of England ; wherein I am tfie 
 I more pofitive, becaufe I have aq, ancient writer, 
 
 I Giraldus Cambrenfis, on my fide. Thefe were 
 I the Divifions of Britain under the Romans. 
 
 I Afterwards, the barbarous nations invading 
 it on all hands, and civil wars prevailing more 
 and more among the Britains themfelves; it lay 
 for fome time, as it were without blood or 
 fpirits, and without any face or appearance of 
 Government. But at length, that part which 
 lyes northward, was branch’d into the two 
 Kingdoms of Scots and Pith, and the Pentarchy 
 of the Romans in this hither part, was made 
 the Heptarchy of the Saxons. For they divided 
 this whole Roman Province (except Wales, 
 which the remains of the Britains poflefs’d 
 themfelves of) into feven Kingdoms, viz. 
 South-Sex, Eafi-Angle, IVefl-Sex, Morthumher- chy, 
 land, Eafl-Sex, and Mercia. 
 
 But what this Heptarchy of the Saxons W as, 
 as alfo what were the names of the places in that 
 age ; you will more eafily apprehend, by this 
 Chorographical Table. 
 
 Conftdering that fucb TraHs or Counties, as thefe Kingdoms contained, could not fo con^ 
 ve?iiently be reprefented in a jmall Chorographical Tahle^ by reafon of its narrownefs 5 
 I chofe to explain it by this other Scheme (which gives the Reader an entire view of 
 it at once) rather than by a number of words. 
 
 I. 1 he Kingdom 01 Kent 
 tain’d 
 
 
 
 1 . be County ojf..^Kent. 
 
 to 
 
 .S 
 
 H 
 
 2. The Kingdom of the 
 
 AflxoKj contain d j ■'^Surrey. 
 
 3. The Kingdom of the 
 
 Angles coniam A \ , 
 
 X Cambridge ; 
 
 j"Cornwall. 
 
 I Devon. 
 
 4. The Kingdom of 
 
 Saxons contain d t ^ 
 
 ' (Wilts. 
 
 vcith the Jfie of Ely. 
 
 Hants. 
 
 [I^Berks. 
 
 y. The 
 
ccxxv 
 
 CCXXVl 
 
 England di* 
 vided into 
 Counties, 
 
 * A hide (as 
 fome win 
 have it) in« 
 dudes as 
 much land as 
 one plow can 
 till in a year ; 
 but as others, 
 as much as 
 four Vir^ats. 
 
 The Divijion of BRITAIN. 
 
 . The Kingdom of No-.-thum- 
 herland contain’d 
 
 'Lancafter. 
 
 York. 
 
 i-ahum-l Durham. 
 
 f The Counties of J Cumberland. 
 
 1 Weftmorland. 
 
 I Northumberland ; and Scotland to the 
 Fryth of Edenburgh. 
 
 ^EfTex: 
 
 The Kingdom of the Eaff-l ^ ^ . 5 ^“-“- 
 
 j Counties oj ‘^Middlefex, and pan of Hertfordihire. 
 
 Saxons contain’d 
 
 o 
 
 . The Kingdom of 0/ < 
 
 contain d J 
 
 rGlocefler. 
 
 Hereford. 
 
 Worcefter. 
 
 Warwick. 
 
 Leicefter. 
 
 Rutland. 
 
 Northampton, 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
 Huntingdon. 
 
 Bedford. 
 
 Buckingham. 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 Stafford. 
 
 Derby. 
 
 Salop. 
 
 Nottingham. 
 
 Chefter, and the other part of Hertfbrd- 
 fliire. 
 
 B U.T while the Heptarchy continu’d, Eng- 
 land was not divided into what we call 
 Counties, but into feveral fmall partitions, 
 with their number of Hides ; a Catalogue of 
 which, out of an old Fragment, whs communi- 
 cated to me by Francis Tate^ a perfon excellently 
 skill’d in our Law-Antiquities. But, it only con- 
 tains that part which lies on this fide the 
 Humber. 
 
 contains 30000 * Hides. 
 
 IVoken-fetna 7000 hides. 
 
 JVefterna 7000 hides. 
 
 Pec-fetna 1200 hides. 
 
 Ehned-fetna 600 hides, 
 i Lindes-farona 7000 hides. 
 
 Suth-Gyrwa 600 hides. 
 
 North-Gyrvja 600 hides. 
 
 Eaft-Wixna 300 hides. 
 
 IVeJl-Wixna 600 hides. 
 
 Spalda 600 hides. 
 
 ^tgefia poo hides. 
 
 Herejinna 1 200 hides. 
 
 Svseordora 300 hides. 
 
 Eyjia 300 hides. 
 
 Wicca 300 hides. 
 
 Wighi~gora 60b hides. 
 
 Nbx-gaga jooo hides. 
 
 Oht-gaga 2000 hides. 
 
 H'yjjynca 7000 hides. 
 
 Ciltern-fetna 4000 hides. 
 
 Hendrica 3000 hides. 
 
 Viiecung-ga 1200 hides. 
 
 Arofeatna 600 hides. 
 
 Fearfnga 300 hides. 
 
 Belmiga 600 hides. 
 
 J^Vitherigga 600 hides. 
 
 Eafl~JFil!a 6oo hides. 
 
 IVefl-lFilla 600 hides. 
 
 Eaji-Engle 30000 hides. 
 
 Eaji-Sexena 7000 hides. 
 
 Cant-Warena 15000 hides. 
 
 Sutb-Sexena 7000 hides. 
 hVeft-Sexena 100000 hides. 
 
 Tho’ fome of thofe names are erifily under- 
 Eood at firfl fight, it will be extremely hard to 
 
 trace oiit the reft i for my part, I freely confefs, 
 they require a more acute Judgment, tlian I 
 am mafter or. 
 
 Aftertvards, when King Alfred had the Called in the 
 whole government in his own hands j as our CoimAdfreL 
 forefathers the Germans (which we learn from 
 Tacitm) adminifter’d Juftice according to the 
 feveral Lordfhips and Villages, taking a hun- 
 dred of the common-people as alliftants in the 
 Adminiftration ; fo he (to ufe the words of 
 Ingulphm of Crowland) firft divided England in- ' 
 to Counties ; becaufe the natives themfelves commit- 
 ted robberies^ after the example, and under colour, of 
 the Danes. Moreover, he made the Counties to be 
 divided into Centuries or Hundreds, and Ti-Hundreds. 
 things J ordering that every man in the Kingdom 
 fhould be ranked under fome one imndred and tithing. 
 
 The Governours of Provinces voere before that call’d 
 * Lieutenants ; but this office he divided into tiuo, * Vtceiominh 
 viz. Judges (novi called ’Juflices) and Sheriffs, 
 which jliil retain the fame name. By the care and 
 tndujhy oj thefe, the whole Kingdom in a Jhort time 
 enjoyed fuch perfeEl Peace, that if a traveller had let 
 fall a fum of money ever fo large in the evening, whe- 
 ther in the fields, or the publick high-ways', if he 
 came next morning, or even a month after, heffould 
 find it whole and untouch’ d. This is more largely 
 explain’d by the Malmesbury Hiftorian. Even 
 the natives (fays he} under pretence of being bar- 
 barians (i. e. Danes,) fell to robberies fo that there 
 WM no fafe travelling without arms. But King Al- 
 fred fettled the Centuries, commonly called Hun^ 
 dreds, and the Tithings •, that every Englifh man, 
 living under the proteSlion of the Laws, might have 
 his certain Hundred, and his Tithing. If any one 
 was accufed of a mifdemeanour, he Jhould get bail in 
 the hundred and tithing or if he could not, fhould 
 expeSi the feverity of the laws. But if any one 
 fianding thvts accus’d, fioould make his efcape, either 
 before or after bail, the whole Hundred and Ti- 
 thing was t liable to be fined to the King. ■ By this 4 
 project, he fettled peace in the Kingdom fo that even Ham incurre- 
 upon the high-roads where four ways met, he com-’'^^' 
 manded golden bracelets to be bung up i thereby to de- 
 ride the avarice of TraveUeVs, while none durji ven- 
 ture to take them away. 
 
 f f Thefe 
 
ccxxvu 
 
 The Dhifion (f BRITAIN. 
 
 ccxxviii 
 
 Wappen- Thefe Hundreds are in feme parts of the 
 tacks, TI- Kingdom called IVappentaches j and if you de- 
 things and reafon, I will give it you 
 
 * out of Edward the Confeflbr ’s Laws. U^en 
 any one received the government of a Wappen taeh; 
 on a fet day and in the place tukre the meeting ufed 
 to be held, all the elder fort met him i and viben 
 he had alighted jrom his horfe, they rofe up to him. 
 'Then he held up his fpeary and took fecurity oj eve^ 
 ry one therey according to cujlotn J Jor whoever camoy 
 ‘ Cum lancets touched * his fpear with theirs i and this touching oj 
 fuis ipfita ha- armour confirtnd them in one common interefi, and 
 Sam, ^ publick league. In EngUJhy arms are called 
 
 W'epun, and caccape is to confirm, as if this 
 were a confirmation of arms : or, to fpeak more 
 agreeably to the Englijh tonguey {a) Wepentac is 
 a touching of armour: j'or \v^un fgnifies ar- 
 mour, and tac is touching. Ttsere were alfo o- 
 ther furifdiciions above thofe oj Wapentaches, 
 which they called Dpihmgay, as including the third 
 part oj the Province : and they who were Lords over 
 them, were jiild Dpibinsepepay. To thefey Ap- 
 peals were made in all fuch caufes, as could not be 
 determin’d in the Wapentaches. So that what the 
 Englijh nam’d a Hundred, thefe called a Wapen- 
 tach ; and what was in Englijh three or four Hun- 
 dredsy they called (b) Dpil:>in^e, But in fome 
 Provincesy what they called Trihing, was in Eng- 
 lijh term’d Lep ; and what could not be determin’d 
 in the Dpibinge, was carry’ d into the Shire. 
 
 Shires, Thefe Counties (w'hich if you would exprefs 
 
 in proper Latin, may be term’d either Conven- 
 tm or Pagi) we call by the Name of Shyres i 
 from the Saxon word Scyre, fignifying to branch 
 and divide. By the firft divifion, there were 
 only 3 2 Counties ; for in the year lo i d, in 
 the Reign of ^thelred, Malmsbury aflures us 
 there were no more. In the life of AE.thelred 
 he writes thus. At this time the Danes invaded 
 fixteen Countiesy whereas there are but thirty two in 
 all England. And in thofe Days, the Counties 
 were divided according to the different forts 
 Divifion of of Laws. For the Laws of England were 
 England, ac- three-fold ; thofe of the Weft-Saxons, called 
 cording to Pf/eji-faxenlage ; thofe of the Danes, called De- 
 nelage 5 and thofe of the Mercians, called Mer- 
 chenlage. Under the Weji-Saxon-Lawy were 
 comprehended nine Counties, Kent, Sujfexy 
 Suneyy Berkjhirey HamJJjirey Wihfloirey Somerfet- 
 jhirey Dorjetjhirey and Devonjhire. To the Dane- 
 belonged fifteen Counties, viz. Torkfjirey. 
 Derbyjhirey Nottinghamjhhey Lekefierjhirey Lincoln- 
 jhirey Northamptonjhire, Bedjordjhirey Buckingbam- 
 jljire, Hertfordfiirey EJfeXy Middlefexy Norjolk, 
 Suffolky Cnmbridgejhirey Huntingdonfhire. The o- 
 Lih. M.S. thcr eight were govern’d by tlie Mercian- Law ; 
 S. Edmundi. thefe V ere Glocejierjhire, H^orcejlerjhire, Her^'ord- 
 jhire, Warwickjhirey Oxfordjhire, Chejhirey Shrop- 
 jj?ircy and Stafordjhire. But when William the 
 firft made his Survey of the Kingdom, there 
 were reckoned thirty fix Counties, as the Poly- 
 chronkon tell us ; tho’ the publick records in 
 vhich he regifter^d that Survey, reckon no 
 more than tliirty four. For Durham, Lanca- 
 jbire, Northimberlandy Wejlmoreland, and Cum- 
 berland, did not come into the number ^ the 
 three laft (as fome would have it) being 
 then under the Scots i and the otlier twoj 
 either exempt from taxes, or included in Tork- 
 jhire. But all thefe being aftenvards added to 
 the number, made it (as it is at this day) 
 
 Domefday. 
 
 took. 
 
 thirty nine. Befides which, there are thirteen 
 more in Wales ; (c) fix whereof were in £d- Wales divi* 
 ward the firft’s time,* and the reft, Henry the 
 eighth fettled by Aft of Parliament. “unties. 
 
 In each of thefe CountieSj efpecially in tipiesLieutenants. 
 of publick Difturbance, there is appointed a 
 Deputy under the King, by the name of Lieu- 
 tenant; who is to take care that the Stare be 
 no way damnify’d. The firft Inftitution here- 
 of feems to be owing to King Alfred; who 
 fettled in every County the Cujlodes re^i, or 
 Keepers of the kingdom. Thefe were after- 
 wards reftor’d by Henry the third, under the 
 title of Capitanei. For in the fiftieth year of 
 his Reign, he (as John of London has it) held 
 a Parliament, in which this wlsolefom Law was 
 enabled. That in every County there jhould be one 
 * Captain maintain’d by the King, who, by tbe^ipapitmii's. 
 ajjijiance oj the Sheriff, jhould curb the infolence oj 
 the robbers. Upon which, many were fo affrighted, 
 that they left that trade ; and the Royal Authority 
 began to revive. This was wifely enough or- 
 der’d : but, whether Canutm the Dane, when 
 he made a Tetrarchy in a Monarchy, did notgp^^ j 
 aft more prudently, let our Politicians deter- 
 min. For he (as Hermand the Archdeacon f^ys) 
 being a man of very great fagacity, and dividing the He fiourlHied 
 government of the Kingdom into four fhares, putin 1070, 
 each under a Tetrarch, whom he had found faith- 
 ful to him. The government of the Weft-Saxons, 
 which was the greateji, he took to himfelj ; | Mer- f Udreha. 
 cia, the fecond part, be committed to one Edrick ; 
 the third, called Northumbre, to Trtm ; and Earl 
 Turkille had the fourth, i. e. Eaft Anglia, a very 
 plentiful country. This account I owe to the 
 diligence of Mr. Fr. Thinne, who is a great Ann. 1607, 
 proficient in the ftudy of Antiquities, and 
 was pleas’d to communicate thefe particulars 
 to me. 
 
 But every year, fome one inhabitant, of 
 t Gentry, is fet oyer the County, y 4 fill’d 
 Vice-comes, i. e. a Deputy of the Comes' or Earl ; TVaiZ/tiw, 
 and in our language. Sheriff, i. e. one fet over 
 the County ; and he may very properly be 
 term’d the Quajlor of the County or Province. 
 
 For it is his bufinefs to colleft the publick re- 
 venues of the County ; to gatlier into the Ex- 
 chequer all Fines, even by diftraining ; to at- 
 tend the Judges, and execute their orders ; to 
 empannel twelve men, who are to determin Twelve mt:i. 
 matters of Faft and bring in their Verdift to 
 the Judges (who with us are only Judges of 
 Law, not of Faft ; ) to fee fuch as are con- 
 demn’d, duly executed ; and to give Judg- 
 ment in petty caufes. 
 
 There are alfo in every County, certain 
 renarcha, or ’fujlices of the Peace, fettled by King 
 Edward the third, and thofe cake cognizance 
 of murders, felonies, trsfpajfes, and many other 
 mifdemeanors. Befides, every year the King 
 fends into each County two of the Juftices of Judges of 
 'S^gland, to give fenteiice upon Prifoners, and AlTize. 
 to make a Gaol-delive^’y. But of thefe more 
 hereafter, when we come to the Courts. 
 
 As to the Ecclefiaftical Government : After 
 the Bifhops of Rome had aifign’d to eacli Pref- 
 byter his Church, and fet them over diftinft 
 Parifhes; Honorius, Archbiihop of Canterbu- England di- 
 ry, about the year of our Lord ^3 5, firft be- into 
 gan to divide England into Pariflies, as 
 read in the Canterbury-Hiftory. 
 
 (a) See Sir Henry Spelman’s Gloflary, under the vtotiWapentachium. 
 
 (b) Of which the Ridings in Yorkftire are a corruption. 
 
 8. Cap. 26. tells us. That eight Shires were of ancient and longtime, to 
 wit, thofe oFGhmrgan Caermartben Pembroke, Cardigan, Flint, Caernarvon, AngUjey, and Merioneth t and other 
 
 fourwere made by the Statate_of 27 Hen. 8. Cap. 26. behdes AIoa/»ffHtiyli*Ve; namely, Radnor ’Breiknoc]: Montgo- 
 mery, and Denbigh, $0 that in K. Edward’s time there fecnj to have been eight. ’ ’ 
 
 At 
 
CCXXIX 
 
 The Divijion of BRITAIN. 
 
 ccxxx 
 
 Provinces. 
 
 * C- 
 
 •JZ2, C. 
 
 At this time, England has two Provinces, 
 and tw o Atchbifliops ; Canterbury, Primate of 
 England, and Metropolitan ; andront. Un- 
 der thefe, are ‘twenty four Bilhops ; y twenty 
 one under Canterbury, and the reft under 
 Eiihoprleks, Joih What thefe Bilhopricks are, with their 
 feveral Counties, or Diocefes, is fet fortli in 
 thefe words of that excellent perfon the moft 
 reverend Father in God Matthew Parker, Arch- 
 bilhop of Canterbury, a great Patron of Learn 
 ing, and particularly of Antiquities. 
 
 In the Province of Canterbury. 
 
 C yAnterhury, with Rotheftcr, contains the 
 I County ol Kent. London, Eflex, Middle- 
 fex, and part of Hertfordfhire. Chichelier, Suf- 
 fex. Winchefler, Hamihire, Surrey, and Hie of 
 Wight i with Guernfey and Jerfey, Itlands ly- 
 ing upon the Coaft ot Normandy. Salisbury, 
 WiltJhire and Berklhire. Exeter, Devonlhire 
 and Cornwaly' Bathe and IVells jointly, Somer- 
 fetfhire. Glocefier, Glocefteriliire. IVorceJier, 
 Worcefterfhire and part of Warwicklhire. He- 
 reford, Herefordfliire and part of Shropihire. 
 Coventry and Lichfield, Staffordfhire, Derbyfhire, 
 and the other part of Warwicklhire ; as alfo 
 that part of Shropihire which borders upon 
 the River Repil. Lincoln, the largeft, fix Coun- 
 ties, Lincolnfhire, Leicefterlhire, Huntingdon- 
 (hire, Bedfbrdfhire, Buckinghamfhire, and the 
 other part of Hertfordfhire. Ely, Cambridge- 
 fhire and the Ble of Ely. Norwich, Norfolk 
 and Suffolk. Oxford, Oxfordfhire. Peterbo- 
 rough, Northamptonlhire and Rutlandlhire. 
 Briflol, Dorfetfhire. To which eighteen Dio- 
 cefes in England, muft be added thofe of 
 Wales, which are depriv’d of all Archbifliop of 
 their own, and are alfo made fewer ; *feven 
 hardly coming entire into four. Thefe are 
 
 SwtvtVi. *="“5 at Sp. Bavids) Lan- 
 
 dafi, Banchor, and Afaph or Elweufis. 
 
 In the Province of York. 
 
 Y ork it felf comprehends Yorkfliire ai)d 
 Nottinghamfhire. Chefler, Chethire, 
 Richmondfhire, and Lancafhire, with part of 
 Cumberland, Flintfhire, and Denbighfhire 
 Durham, the Bilhoprick of Durham, and Not- 
 thumberland. Carlifie, part of Cumberland, 
 and Weftmotland. To which number, may 
 be added the Bifhoprick of Sodor, in the Hie of 
 
 Among thefe,- the Archbifhop of Canterbury 
 has the firft place ; the Archbifhop of Pork, the 
 lecond ; the Bilhop of London, the third j the 
 Bifhop of Durham, the fourth ; and the Bi- 
 fhop of IVinchefier, the fifth. The reft take 
 place according to the time of their Confecra- 
 tion. But if any of the other Bifhops happen 
 «f State, in virtue thereof he 
 1 Fifth, C. claims the p firft place, f next to thefe.l There 
 are befides, twenty fix Deaneries, thirteen 
 whereof were erefted in the larger Churches, 
 by King Henry the eighth, upon his expullion 
 ot the Monks. The Archdeaconries are hx- 
 ty ; and the Dignities and Prebends make five 
 hundred and forty four, 
 
 Parlflies. There are alfo nine thoufand two hundred 
 eighty four Parifh-churches under the Bifhops ; 
 ot which, three thoufand eight hundred forty 
 five are Appropriate ; as is plain from the Ca- 
 talogue exhibited to King James fthe firft,] 
 which I have here fubjoyned. Now, Appropri- 
 cUe Churches are fuch, as by authority of the 
 Pope and the confent of the King and Bilhop 
 of the Diocefe, were on certain conditions an- 
 t 
 
 nex d to thofe Monafteries, Bifliopricks, Colle- 
 ges, and^Hofpitals, whole revenues were but 
 Imall ; either becaufe they were built upon 
 their ground, or granted by the Lords of the 
 Manour. Such a Settlement is exprefs'd in 
 law, by being united, annex’d, and incorporated for 
 ever. But upon the fubverlion of the Mona- 
 fteries, thefe (to the great damage of the 
 Uiurch; were made * Lay-fees. 
 
 Diocefes, 
 
 Parifh- Churches 
 Churches, appropri- 
 
 » Jraitf Laica-r 
 lia. 
 
 ate. 
 
 Canterbury, 
 London, 
 Winchefter, 
 Coventry and ? 
 Lichfield, S 
 Salisbury, 
 
 Bath and Wells, 
 Lincoln, 
 
 Peterburrow, 
 
 Exeter, 
 
 Gloceftcr, 
 
 In the 
 
 Vince of Can-"^ 
 ter bury. - 
 
 Rochefter, 
 
 Chichefter, 
 
 Oxford, 
 
 Worceflcr, 
 
 Briftol, 
 
 S. Davids, 
 
 Bangor, 
 
 Llandaff, 
 
 S. Afaph. 
 Peculiars in the ) 
 Province ofp 
 Canterbury. \ 
 
 257 
 
 623 
 
 557 
 
 248 
 
 388 
 
 1255 
 
 2 P 3 
 
 504 
 
 i6~j 
 
 313 
 
 II21 
 
 141 
 
 98 
 
 2 JO 
 It) 5 
 241 
 235 
 308 
 107 
 177 
 121 
 
 57 
 
 140 
 
 185? 
 
 I 3 f 
 
 250 
 
 I op 
 i5o 
 
 577 
 
 23 P 
 
 125 
 
 16S 
 
 3 Sy 
 
 7 J 
 
 3 « 
 
 lit, 
 
 88 
 
 75 
 
 d 4 
 
 120 
 
 3 ^ 
 
 p8 
 
 19 
 
 "The luhgle number in the ? 
 Province of Canterbury, i 
 
 82IP 
 
 3305 
 
 (York, 
 
 In the Pro-jDurham, 
 vince ofTork^ Chefler, 
 ^Carlifie, 
 
 581 
 
 135 
 
 2J<? 
 
 P 3 
 
 33(5 
 
 87 
 
 lOI 
 
 18 
 
 The -whole number in Tork. 
 
 io 5 j 
 
 JP2 
 
 fhe whole number in both V 
 
 Provinces. , 9204 
 
 3845 
 
 But in the Book of Cardinal which was 
 
 WTitten in the year 1520, there are reckon’d 
 in all the Counties, P407 Churches. I know 
 not how this difference fllould happen, unlels 
 it be, that fome w'ere demolifh’d in the Lift 
 age ; and the Chapels which are Parochial, be 
 omitted, and others which are barely Chapels, 
 reckon’d among the Parifh-Churches. Hw- 
 ever, I have fet down the number of Churches 
 at the end of each County, out of that Book 
 of the Cardinal. 
 
 There w ere alfo in the Reign of King Hen-Monafien'es. 
 ry the eighth (if it be not a crime to men- 
 tioll them) monuments of the piety of our 
 fore-fathers, crefied to the honour of God, and 
 the propagation of Chriftianity, and of learning, 
 and the fupport of the poor ; I mean, the Re- 
 ligious houfes ( i. e. Monafteries or Abbies, 
 and Priories,) to the number of 545 : Where- 
 of 40 were fupprefs’d by a Grant from Pope 
 Clement the feventh, obtain’d by Cardinal Hen. <. had 
 IVolfey, who had then laid the foundation of before that 
 two Colleges, one at Oxford, and another at 8iflblved 100 
 Ipfwkh-. And prefently after, “bout the 35111^^5,“ 
 
 ofAliens, 
 
ccxxxx 
 
 The Divifion of BRIT A1 N. ccxxxii 
 
 * The next 
 year, C. 
 
 of Henry the eighth, a torrent (as it were) 
 cafting down the banks, broke in upon the 
 Eccicfiaftical Rate of England j and, to the fur- 
 prize of the world, and the grief of the nation, 
 at once call: down the greateft part of the 
 Religious, with their curious ftruftures. For the 
 fame Liberty which the Pope had granted the 
 Cardinal, the King, by confent of Parliament, 
 took himfelf. Whereupon, in the year 153d, 
 all Religious houfes, with their revenues, 
 which had 200 1. a year, or under, were grant- 
 ed to the King j in number 3 yd. *And in 
 the year 1539, under a fpecious pretence of 
 rooting out fuperflition, the reft were given- 
 
 up to the King’s difpofal j with the Colleges, 
 Chauntries, and Hofpitals, ^ears after.! 
 
 At which time, there were f yalu d or tax d t Cenfitaftiff 
 do 5 religious houfes, ftanding; Colleges 
 fides thofe in the Univeriities) p 6 . Hofpi- 
 tals, no. Chauntries and Free-chapels, 2374. 
 
 Moft of thefe, in a fhort time after, were de- 
 molifh’d, and their revenues fquander’d away, 
 and the rich Treafures which had been gradually 
 confecrated to God by the pious munificence of 
 the Englifli from the time they receiv d Chri- 
 ftianity, were in a moment difpers d, and . 
 
 ( if I may ufe the word without Offence ) 
 
 ' Profan’d. ■ ■ 
 
eexxxiu 
 
 ccxxxiv 
 
 * inginuiit 
 
 The King. 
 
 SraBon^ 1. i, 
 
 c. 8. 
 
 ■f Jara Majt 
 fiatis. 
 
 Seneca, 
 
 The prince. 
 * Princtps ji 
 ventmis. 
 
 MtheVing. 
 
 Clyto. 
 
 THE 
 
 DEGREES 
 
 ENG 
 
 O F 
 
 LAN 
 
 JiS to the divifion of bur State, 
 it confifts of a King or Mo- 
 narch, the Nobles, Citizens, 
 i * Freemen (which we call 
 j Teo^nen) and Tradefmen. 
 
 The KING, filled by our 
 
 _ __ ’ Anceflors Coning, and Cyning, 
 
 ( a name (a) under which is couch'd both 
 povier and iuifdo?n) and by us contraded into 
 King, has in thefe Kingdoms the fupreme 
 power, and a meer government. He neither 
 holds his Empire by vaflalage, nor receives it 
 by Iiivcftiture from another, nor owns any 
 fuperior but God. As that Oracle of the 
 Law has deliver’d it, Every one is tender him, 
 and bimfelf tinder none but God. He has very 
 ,_many \ Imperial Rights (which the learned in 
 the law term “The Holy of Holies, and Indivi- 
 duals, becaufe they are infeparable ; but the 
 common People, The Kings Prerogative i ) and 
 thefe, they tell us, are denoted by the fioiuers 
 in the King’s Crown. Some of thefe the King 
 enjoys by 'written Law, others by Cuftom, 
 which without any exprefs Law is eftablifh'd 
 by the tacit confent of the whole body : and 
 furely he deferves them, fince by his watchful- 
 nefs every mans Hotife, by his labour every mans 
 Eafe, by his induftry every one's Pleafure, and by 
 his toil every one's Recreation, is fecur d to him. 
 But thefe things are too fublime, to belong 
 properly to our prefent Subjeft. 
 
 Next the King, is his Eldeft fon ; and as 
 he among the Romans who was defin'd Suc- 
 ceflbr, was at firfl call’d * Prince of the youth, and 
 afterwards (as flattery prevail’d) Cafar, No- 
 ble Cafar, and the tnofi noble Cafar ; fo our’s 
 was by our Saxon Anceflors term’d JEtheling, 
 i. c. noble, and in Latin Clyto, from the Greek 
 xxy?9s-, famous i that age afleding tlie Greek 
 tongue. Upon which, that Saying concerning 
 Eadgar, the lafl heir male of the Saxon line, 
 is ftill kept up among the People, Caoj^ap 
 jCSelin^, Snglanoej* Deaplin 5 , i- e. Eadgar the 
 
 noble, England's darling. And in the antient 
 Latin Charters of our Kings, we often read. 
 
 Ego E. vel JE. Clyto, f the Kira’s fon. But this + film, 
 name of Clyto, I have obferv’d to be given to 
 the King’s children in general. After the 
 Norman Conquefl, he had no flanding hono- 
 rary title, nor any other that I know of, but 
 barely "The Kings Son, or 'The Kings eldefl Son ; 
 till Edward the firfl fumraon’d to Parliament 
 his fon Edw ardj under the title of Prince 
 Wales, and Earl of Chefler ; to whom alfo he^*^*‘ 
 afterwards granted the Dukedom of Aquitain. 
 
 And the Son, when he came to be King Ed- 
 ward thf fecond, fumraon’d his own fon Ed- 
 ward to Parliament (then fcarce ten years of 
 age) under the title of Earl of Chejier and 
 Flint. But this Edward coming to the Crown, 
 created Edward his fon (famous for his migh- 
 ty Exploits in war) Duke of Cornwall ; fince 
 which time, the King’s eldefl fon (b) is born 
 Duke of Cornw'all. And a little after, he ho- 
 nour’d the fame perfon with the title of Prince 
 of Wales, by folemn Invefliture. The Princi- 
 pality of Wales was confei*red upon him in 
 thefe Words, to him and his heirs Kings of Eng- 
 land. And as the heirs apparent of the Ro- 
 man Empire were (as I obferv’d jufl now) 
 call’d Cafars j of the Grecian, Defpota, Lords; 
 of the Kingdom of France, Dauphins ; and of 
 Spain, Infantes : fo thofe of England have been 
 ever fince fliled Princes of Wales. And this ti- 
 tle continu’d till the time of Henry the eighth, 
 when Wales was entirely united to the King- 
 dom of England. But * when the divided* Now, C. 
 Kingdoms of Britain | were reduc’d into one, t Are, C. 
 under the government of the mofl potent 
 Prince King fames fthe firfl ;1 his eldeft fon 
 Henry, the darling and delight of thefe King- 
 doms, II was fill’d Prince of great Britain : II I-S C. 
 whom nature made capable of the nobleft At- 
 tainments ; and that God would blefs him with 
 allthcricheft virtues and honour immortal, that 
 be t might outdo both * Britain’s hopes and the 
 
 * Our. C, 
 
 (a) Either relating to eene, which in Saxon fignifies flout, valiant, &c. or to cunnan, which lignifies to knoro or 
 underflani ; from whence a defigning fubtle man is called a Cunning man, 
 
 (i) If he be the eldeft Son ; but if the firfl dies, thefccondis not*born to the fame Title. See concerning this in 
 ComvMP, p. 28. 
 
 g g glorious 
 
CCKXXV 
 
 The Degrees oj England^ 
 
 ccxxxvi 
 
 glorious atchievements of his fore-fathers j that 
 + May, C. he f might enjoy length of days, and all other 
 ^ Is C. Bieffings ; * was the conllant and hearty pray- 
 * er of Great Britain : TBut not more conilant, 
 
 nor more hearty, than are the Prayers of eve- 
 ry true Briton ^t this day who has a juft va- 
 lue and concern tor his Ileligion and Liberty, 
 That the like Bleflings may be plentifully pour’d 
 upon his Royal Highnefs, GEORGE Prince 
 of Wales, together with his illuftrious Con- 
 fort, and their Royal Ifl'ue j upon whofe Suc- 
 ceflion to the Throne (after his prefent Ma- 
 jefty, the beft of Kings) nor only the Happi- 
 nefs and Profperity of thefe Nations, but the 
 very Being ot our Conftitution, under God, 
 entirely depends.! 
 
 Our Nobles are divided into Greater and 
 Lefs. The Greater Nobles we call Dukes, 
 Marquifles, Earls, and Barons ; who either 
 enjoy thefe titles by hereditary Right, or re- 
 ceive them from the King, as the reward of 
 their merits. 
 
 ADuh. A DUKE is the next title of honour to 
 the Vrince. At firft, this was a name of office, 
 and not of honour. About the time of J^lim 
 Vermy tliey who \vere appointed to guard the 
 Frontiers, wore firft called Dukes i and this 
 title, in Conftantine'’s time, was inferior to 
 that of a Count. After the deftrudioil of the 
 Roman Empire, the title continu’d to be the 
 name of an Office ; and the great numbers who 
 in the Saxon times are ftil’d Duces in the 
 antient Charters, were in Saxon only called Eal- 
 dormen. The fame alfo who are named Dukes, 
 are term’d Counts too ; for inftance, moft peo- 
 ple call William the Conqueror of England 
 Duke of Normandy, whereas William of Malms- 
 bury ftiles him Count of Normandy. However, \ 
 that both Duke and Count were names of Of- 
 fice, is plain from that form of Creation, which 
 Marculphf find in Marculphus, an antient writer. 
 
 fprmuht. T’he Royal clemency is particularly fignalixdd upon- 
 this account, that in all the people goodnefs and 
 watchfulnefs are requir’d nor is it convenient to 
 commit the judiciary power to any, who has not 
 firfi approved his loyalty and valour. Since there- 
 fore we have fifficiently experienc’d your fidelity and 
 *Ailionem. worth, we commit to you the * Office of a Count, 
 t Patrhiatus. Duke, Or f Prefident, |1 in that Lordjhip which your 
 II inpagotUa. predeceffor govern d, to aEi in and rule over it. Pro- 
 vided always, that you he entirely true to our Go- 
 vernment ; and that all the People within thofe li- 
 mits, live under and obey your authority ; and that 
 you rule jufily according to law and cuflom ; that 
 you z^ealoufiy proteSi widows and orphans that you 
 fevei-ely punijh the crimes of robbers and malefa- 
 Bors i fo as thofe who live orderly under your go- 
 vernment, may be eafy and undifiurb'd : and that 
 % Adione, whatever profit arifes from | that Office to the Ex- 
 chequer', you bring yearly with your own hands into 
 our coffers. 
 
 sigoni-M, 1. ^ 5 . It began to be an honorary title under Otho 
 Regni Italicu the Great, aboiit the year pyo. For he, to 
 engage Perfons of valour and wifdom more ef- 
 fedually in his intereft, honour’d them with 
 ■ ’Regalia. what he call’d * Royalties. Thofe Royalties 
 were either Dignities, or Lands in Fee. The 
 Dignities were thofe of Dukes, Marquiffes. 
 Counts, Captains, Valvafors, and Valvafins. It 
 was late e’er it became an hereditary title in 
 France j not till Philip the third. King of 
 France, granted that they fhould be thence- 
 forth ftiled Dukes oj Britain, who were before 
 called promifeuoufly Dukes and Counts. But in 
 \ 
 
 England (in the Norman times, when the 
 Norman Kings themfelves were Dukes of 
 Normandy) none had that honour for a long 
 time ; till Edward the third created Edward 
 his fon, Duke of Cornwall, by a] garland on\Strtum. 
 his head, a ring on his finger, and a * filver verge : * A gold 
 as the Dukes of Normandy were formerly after..' 
 created by a fword and a banner deliver’d 
 them, and afterwards by girding on rlie fword 
 of the Dutchy, and by a circle of gold gar- 
 nifh’d on the top wdth little golden rofes. 
 
 And the fame King Edward the third created 
 his tw'o fons, Lionel, Duke of Clarence, and concerning 
 John, Duke of Lancafter, in Parliament, “ By^oin created 
 “ girding on a fword, and putting upon their 
 “ heads a furr’d cap, with a circle of gold fet 
 “ with pearls, and by the delivery of a Char- 
 “ ter. ” From that time, many hereditary 
 Dukes have been created in this Kingdom, ^ 
 
 W'ith thefe and like expreffions in the Char- 
 ters, T"he name, title, Jiate, fiile, place, feat, pre- 
 heminence, honour, authority and dignity oj Duke of 
 N we give and grant ; and do inveji you therein, 
 by the putting on a fword, and a cap with a golden 
 circle upon your head, and the delivery of a golden 
 verge. 
 
 A MARQUISS (i.e. (a) according to MarquilTes; 
 the import of the word, one who is fet to guard 
 the marches or limits') is a title of honour, the 
 next to a Duke. This title , came late into 
 England, none being invefted with it before 
 the time of Richard the fecond. For he made 
 his Favourite, Robert Vere Earl of Oxford, 
 
 Marquifs of Dublin ; but that honour was 
 merely titular : For they who had the care of 
 the Frontiers, were commonly called Lords 
 Marchers, and not Marquiffes, as we ftile them. 
 
 They are created by the King, by the girding 
 on a fword, putting on a Cap of homnr and * dig- * Dignitaut', 
 nity, and delivei-ing a Charter. And here I fhall 
 take the liberty to relate what I find record- 
 ed in the Parliament-rolls. When John de^-pien.ki 
 Beaufort, Earl of Somerfet, was made Mar- 
 quifs of Dorfet by Richard the fecond, and 
 was depriv’d of that title by Henry the fourth, 
 the Commons in Parliament made an humble 
 R.equeft to the King, that he would reftore 
 him to the title of Marquifs j but he himfelf 
 oppofed the motion, and openly declar’d that 
 it was t a novel dignity, altogether unknown! Novam. 
 to our Anceftors j and therefore that he did 
 not by any means defire it, nay, that he ut- 
 terly refilled it. 
 
 The title of EARL, which holds theE*ffi* 
 third place, feems to have been deriv’d from 
 our German Anceftors. For, as Tacitus tells 
 us, they had always * Earls attending their Prin- * Omtts. 
 ces, for counfel, and for authority. But others are 
 of opinion, that both the Franks and we re- 
 ceiv’d the title from the Romans. For the Em- 
 perors, after the Empire was come to its 
 height, began to keep about them a fort of 
 domeftick Senate, which was call’d Csfar’s 
 t retinue j and thefe, by whofe Counfel they \ comitmsl 
 afted in war and peace, were called Cotnites, 
 Attendants ; from whence vve find frequent- 
 ly in old inferiptions, Comiti 2upp. In a few 
 years this name prevail’d fo much, that all 
 Magiftrates * who gave their attendance af^ifaerum 
 that Council, or had been of it, were ftil’d Comitatum 
 Comites ', and thereupon it was afterwards ob/crvarufit. 
 extended to all who had the fupervifal of any 
 bufinefis j and Sui-das (as Cujacius has told us) paratit^B 
 defines Comes, i a*? a Governor of the Peo- Cod. 
 
 pie. 
 
 (a) From tlie Saxon mearc, a bound ; 
 language. 
 
 and manan, martian, to fet out, mark difiinilly, in the fame 
 
cxxxvii ne Degrees of England. ccxxxviii 
 
 fie. From whence alfo we learn, that before 
 Conftantine the Great, the name Comes was 
 not a name of Dignity. But he, modelling 
 the Roman go\'ernment a-new, and endeavour- 
 ing to oblige as many as poffible by favours and 
 honours, firft inftituted the title of Comes, as 
 merely honorary, without any duty : And there 
 were certain rights and privileges annexM to the 
 title; to accompany the Prince, not only when 
 he appear’d iit publick, but in his palace and 
 private retirements; and to be admitted to his 
 table, and to his fecret confultations. Upon 
 which we read in Epiphanius, 'Os- ^ 'sreif’ ftUTB, 
 &c. i. e. Who alfo obtained of the King the Dig- 
 nity of a Count. At length, fuch as had the 
 favour of this title, had other honours confer’d 
 upon them to which Dutywas annex’d; and 
 again, to thofe who were before in Office, and 
 engag’d in the affairs of State, he fuper-added 
 this honour. By this means, the name of 
 Count came to imply both Dignity and Go- 
 vernment ; and, being at hrfl but temporary, 
 it was afterwards for term of life. But when 
 the Roman Empire was divided into feveral 
 Kingdoms, this title was ftill retain’d ; and our 
 Saxons call’d thofe in Latin Comites and Con- 
 fules, who in their owm tongue were named 
 Galbopmen. The fame perions were ftil’d by 
 Eorlss, at this ^^he Danes in their own language, Eorlaa, i. e. 
 day Earls, honourable men, as Ethelwerd tells us ; and, 
 
 V a little melting of that word, we call them 
 
 ASacSp*- ^ 
 
 nix. fl^^ply fo call’d, till at laft an addition was made 
 
 of the name of the Place, over which they iiad ju- 
 rifdiction. But this Dignity was not as yet he- 
 reditary. (The firft hereditary Earls in France, 
 by the way, w’ere the Earls of Bretagne.) But 
 when William the Norman Conqueror had pof- 
 fefs’d himfelf of the Government of this King- 
 dom, Earls began to be Feudal, Hereditary, and 
 Patrimonial : and thefe (as appears from Domef- 
 day) were ftij’d fimply Earls, without any ad- 
 dition, as, Earl Hugh, Earl Alan, Earl Roger, 
 See. Afterwards, as appears by ancient Re- 
 cords, Earls were created with an addition of 
 the name of the place, and had the third penny 
 of the County affign’d them. For inftance ; 
 Mawd the Emprefs, daughter and heir of King 
 Henry the Firft, created an Earl in this form of 
 words ; as appears from the Charter, now in 
 my hands. I Mawd, daughter of King Henry, 
 and Queen of England, do give and grant to Gau- 
 fred de MagnaviUa, for his fervice, and to his heirs 
 for ever, the Earldom of EJfex^ and that he have 
 the third fenny in the Sheriffs Court, iffuing out of 
 the fleas, as an Earl ought to have from his County, 
 in all things. This is the moft ancient Creation- 
 Charter that I ever faw* Likewife, Henry II. 
 King of England, created an Earl in thefe 
 words. Know ye that we have made Hugh Bigod, 
 Earl of Norfolk, namely of the third fenny of 
 Norwic and Norfolk, fo as no Earl in. England may 
 hold his County more freely. Which an old Book 
 belonging to Battle-Abbey explains thus : It was 
 an ancient cufiom throughout England, that the Earls 
 of Counties Jbould have the third penny for their 
 *i.e. from own ufe', * from whence they were calfd Comites, 
 Comitatus, Earls. And another anonymous Author delivers 
 it more diftinftly. Comitatus is deriv’d from 
 Comes, or elfe this from that. Now he is call’d 
 Comes (an Earl) becaufe he enjoys in every County 
 the third fart of the profits arifing from the Pleas. 
 But yet all Earls do not enjoy them, but fuch only who 
 have them granted by the King, hereditarily, or fer- 
 fonally. So that Polidore Virgil, as to the 
 
 cuftom of the prefent age, delivers this rriattef 
 right ; It is a cuflotn in England, that titles of 
 Counties be diffos’d of at the pleafure of the Prince, 
 even without the fojfejfion of the places from whence 
 they derive their title. Upon which account, the King 
 ufiially gives to fuch as have no fofiejfions in the 
 County, a certain annual fenfion out of the Exebeque)-, 
 in lieu thereof. 
 
 They were formerly created, without any 
 farther ceremony than the bare delivery of the 
 Charter. Under King Stephen, who Jeiz,’d the 
 Crown while the Kingdom was embroil’d with 
 civil wars, there w'ere feveral rliat ufurp’d the 
 title of Earl ; whom the Hiftory of the Church 
 of Wdverly calls * filfe Earls, and imaginary * Pfcudocomi* 
 Earls, where it tells us how they W'ere depos’d 
 by King Henry II. But King John (as far as 
 my obfervation has carry ’d me) w^as the firft 
 who usd the girding oj a fword. For Roger of 
 
 Hoveden writes thus : King John, on his Corona-^ 
 tion-day, girt William Marfball with the fword of 
 the County of] Strigulia,iZKi^ Geofry Fitz.~Peter, with f Penhrochia 
 that of the County of Efex', and thefe, tho’ in other wrl- 
 were called Earls before, and bad the government 
 their Counties, had not beenyet girt with the fword 
 of the County ; but that very day they fervid at 
 the King's table with their fwords on. In the fol- 
 lowing age, there was an additional ceremony, 
 of putting on a cap with a golden circle (which 
 is now changed into a f Coronet with rays)-f- Cormam 
 and a * Robe of State. Which three, namely 
 a fword and a belt, a cap with a Coronet, and * 
 a Robe of State, are at this day carry’d by three 
 feveral Earls, before him who is to be created; 
 and then he is introduc’d to the King upon his 
 Throne, betw een two Earls in Robes of State, 
 and himfelf in a fSurcoar : where, kneeling up-f%eri«n?V4. 
 on his knees while the Inftrument of his Crea- 
 tion is read ; at thefe words, T'he fame T. we 
 advance, create, appoint and confiitute Earl of and 
 accordingly do give, grant, and by the girding of a 
 fword inveft him with the name, title, fiate, fiyle, 
 honour, authority and dignity of Earl of S the 
 King puts on him a long robe, hangs a fword 
 at his neck, puts a Cap with a Coronet upon 
 his head, and delivers into his hand the Inftru- 
 ment of his Creation, as foon as it is read. 
 
 But thefe things do not properly belong to my 
 defign. 
 
 As to a cuftom now in ufe, that whoever is 
 to be created Earl, if he be not a Baron before, 
 muft firft be advanced to the dignity of a 
 Baron ; it is a new thing, and only praftis’d 
 fince the days of King Henry VIII. Among 
 the Earls or Counts they were by far the molt 
 honourable, who were call’d (a) Counts Palatine.^°^'^'^^^ Pala- 
 For as the Title of Palatine was a name com- 
 mon to all who had any office in the King’s 
 Palace', fo that of Count Palatine was a tide oiP*Tithxus, 
 honour conferr’d upon fuch who were before 
 Palatini, with a kind of Royal Authority 
 to be Judges within their own territories. 
 
 After the Earls, the next in order are theVifcounts. 
 VISCOUNTS; call’d in Latin Vice-comites. 
 
 This, as an office, is an ancient title ; as a dig- 
 nity, but modern ; for it was never heard of 
 among us, before Henry the fixth’s time. 
 
 Among the Nobility, the B A RO N S l^arons. 
 
 have the next place. And here, tho’ I am not 
 ignorant what the learned write concerning the 
 fignification of this word in Cicero ; yet I am 
 willing to clofe with the opinion of Ifidore, 
 and of an ancient Grammarian, who will have 
 Barons to be mercenary Soldiers. This feems to 
 be pretty plain from that known place of Hir- 
 
 tius 
 
 (a) Of the nature and authority of thefe Counts Palatine, fee Cbtjhire. 
 
ccxxxix 
 
 The Degrees of England. 
 
 ccxl 
 
 tius in T'he Alexandrian war : idhey run to the 
 alftflame of Cal]im: fir he alwap ufed to have 
 Barons, and a good number 0/ Soldten fir Judden 
 oecafmts, with their weapons ready, about him, and 
 feparate from the reft. Nor is the old Latin and 
 Greek Glofl'ary againft us, when it tranflates 
 Bare by »'"f, a man ; as always, in the Laws ot 
 the Longobards, Haro is us d tor a man. 
 
 The Etymologies of this name which lome 
 havefanfy’d, do not by any means pleafe me. 
 The French Heralds will have Barons to be lo 
 calfd from Par-hommes in French, that is, oj 
 enual dignity i the Englilh Lawyers fay it is 
 trom robora bellit the liiiews of war j fome Ger- 
 mans think it a contradion of Banner-heirs, 
 i. e. Standard-bearers ; and Ifidore derives it 
 In his Parer-from i. e. grave or weighty. Alciatus 
 
 thinks the name comes from the Bermes, an 
 ancient People of Spain, which he fays were 
 formerly ftipendiaries. But that other, from the 
 Gernian Bar, i. e. a free man, pleafes me 
 better. 
 
 See GoJdtfiut, The precife time when this name came into 
 p. 4 - 14 . our liland, I have not yet difeover’d : the Bri- 
 tains difown it ; and there is not the leaft men- 
 tion made of it in the Saxon Laws, nor is it 
 reckon’d in Alfrick’s Saxon GlolTary among the 
 titles of honour ; for there, Domimis is tran- 
 flated Laford, which we have contraded into 
 Lords. Lord. And among the Danes, the Free Lords, 
 fuch as our Barons are at this day, were called 
 T'hanes, and (as Andreas Velleius tells us) are 
 term’d fo IHll. In Burgundy, the ufe of this 
 name is very ancient ; tor Gregory of Tours 
 About the fays thus, T'he Barons of Bur^ndy, as weB.Bifrops_ 
 year 580. Qffjgys of the Laity, &cc. The firft mention of 
 a Baron in England, that I have met with, is 
 in a Fragment of the Laws of Canutus King 
 of England and Denmark ; and even there, 
 according to different copies, it is read Vironis, 
 Baroms, and T'hani. But that the Barons are 
 there meant, is plain from the Laws of William 
 the Conqueror i in which, that word in the 
 Laws of Canutus is tranflated by Baro. Take 
 *Heriotsot the whole paffage. Let the * Exercituals be fr 
 Reliefs. moderated, as to be tolerable. An Earl frail pro- 
 vide fuch things M are fitting, eight horfes, four fad- 
 died and four unfaddled; Jmir fleet caps, and four 
 f Zancea. coats of mail ; eight f javelins, and as many frields ; 
 
 (Tw f frvords, and two hundred (| mancje , of gold. 
 
 jZeufJ. i.” ” r j’ 
 
 30 pence, frail have four horjes, txvo jaddled and two unjad- 
 dled'y two fwords, four javelins, and as many finelds, 
 one fleet cap, and fifty mancje of gold. 
 
 Many Thanes the beginning of the Norman times, the 
 in England in yy^i^^foy; and ‘Thanes were reckon’d, in order 
 ror’s tim^'^^* dignity, next to the Earls and Barons 5 and 
 the Greater Valvafors (if we may believe thofe 
 W'ho have written concerning Feudal-tenures) 
 were the fame that Barons are now. So that 
 Baro may feem to have come from that name 5 
 which time has, by little and little, made 
 fomewhat fmoother. But even then it was not 
 a title of any great honour i for in thofe times 
 there w^ere Earls who had their Barons under 
 them : and I remember, I have read in the an- 
 cient Conftitutions of France, that there were 
 * Capitanes. Barons under one Earl, and as many * Chief- 
 tans under a Baron. It is likewife certain, that 
 there are Charters fince the Norman Conqueft, 
 wherein the Earls w rite thus. To all my Barons, 
 as well French as Englifh, greeting, &c. Nay, 
 even Citizens' of the better rank were called 
 Barons : fo, in Domefday-book the citizens of 
 Warwick are ftil’d Barons j and the citizens of 
 London, with the Inhabitants of the Cinque 
 Ports, had the fame title given them. But, a 
 few years after, as Senators of Rome were 
 
 chofen according to their eftates lo they were 
 accounted Barons with us, who held their lands 
 by an entire Barony, or thirteen Knights fees 
 and one third of a Knight’s fee j every fee (as we 
 have it in an ancient Book) being computed at 
 twenty pounds, which in all make 400 Marks. For 
 that was the value of one entire Barony and they 
 who had lands and revenues to this value, were worn 
 to be fummond to Parliament. It feems to have 
 been a Dignity with Jurifdibiion which our 
 Court-Barons do in fome raeafure Ihow. AndJ^°“'^ 
 the great number of Barons, is an argument 
 that they were fuch Lords who could hold Pleas 
 within their own jurifdidion (like thofe whom 
 the Germans call Free-beirs,) efpecially if they 
 had their calHes j for then they anfwer’d the 
 definition of Baldus the famous Lawyer, who 
 calls hint a Baron, that had a ] mere and mixt\Merum 
 government in fome Cafile, by tU grant ofthePrince.mixtum^ut 
 And (as fome would have it) all who held 
 ronies, feem to have claim’d that honour -, fo 
 that fome of our Lawyers think, that Baron and 
 Barony, Earl and Earldom, Duke and Dukedom, 
 
 King and Kingdom, were in the nature of Con- , 
 
 jugates. It is certain, that in that age King 
 Henry III. reckon’d 150 Baronies in England. 
 
 From hence it is, that in the Charters and Hi- 
 ftories of that age, almoft all Noblemen are 
 fill’d Barons : a name, which in thofe times 
 was exceeding honourable j the Baronage e/Barona|eof 
 England including in a manner all the prime England. 
 Orders of the Kingdom, Dukes, Marquifles, 
 
 Earls, and Barons. 
 
 But that name has been much more hono- 
 rable fince King Henry III. out of fuch a mul- 
 titude, which was feditious and turbulent, 
 fummon’d to Parliament, by Writ, fome of 
 the t only. For he (the words are taken f Optimi. 
 out of an Author of confiderable Antiquity) 
 after thofe great diflurhances and heart-burnings be- 
 tween himfelf, Simon de Montefort, and other Ba- 
 rons, were laid appointed and ordained, that aU 
 fuch Earls and Barons of the Kingdom of England, 
 to whom the King frould vouchfafr to direB his IVrits 
 of fummons, frould come to his Parliament, and no 
 others, unlefs their Lord the King frould pleafe to di- 
 reSi other Writs to them alfo. And what he be- 
 gan a little before his death, was flridtly ob- 
 ferv’d by Edward the firll and his fuccefibrs. 
 
 From that time, they only were look’d on as 
 Barons of the Kingdom, whom the King by 
 
 fuch Writs of fummons had call’d to Parliament ^ Summons to 
 
 until Richard the Second, in the eleventh year 
 of his reign, created John de Beauchamp of Holt, 
 
 Baron of Kederminfler, by the delivery of a 
 Diploma, bearing date the loth of Oftober. 
 
 From which time, the Kings have often con- 
 ferr’d that honour by Diploma (or rather hono- 
 rary Letters,) and the putting on of an hono- 
 rary long robe. And that way of creating 
 Barons by Diploma, and the other of Writs of 
 fummons, are in ufe at this day j tho’ they are 
 mention’d therein not by the name of Baron, 
 but of Chevalier. They w'ho are thus created, 
 are call’d Barons of Parliament, Barons of the 
 Kingdom, and Barons honorary s to difiinguilh 
 them from thole who are commonly call’d Barons 
 according to the ancient conllitution •, as, thofe 
 of Burford, and Walton, and fuch as were Ba- 
 rons to the Counts Palatine of Cheller, and of 
 Penbroch ; who were feudal, and Barons by 
 tenure only. 
 
 The Parliamentary Barons are not (like thofe 
 of France and Germany) Barons by name onlyi 
 but are all by birth. Peers, Noblemen, t the States fr 
 and Counfellors-hotn ; being fummon’d by the 1 
 King in this form. To treat of the weighty affairs 
 of the nation, and to give mnfel upon them. Tliey 
 
 have 
 
ccxli 
 
 The Degrees rf England. 
 
 Bi/liops Ba- 
 rons. 
 
 * So faid, 
 ann. 1607. 
 
 Abbots, Par- 
 liame ntar^ 
 Barons. 
 
 have their peculiar immunities and privileges ; 
 as, in criminal caufes, to be judg’d by their 
 Peers only ; Not to be put to an o'atJ^y But to 
 deliver the truth upon honour ; Not to be im- 
 pannel’d among the oj twelve to enquire 
 into 5 Not to be liable to the Writs Sup- 
 plicavity Capicu, EJfoins ; with many other pri- 
 vileges, which I leave to the Lawyers i whofe 
 proper bufmefs it is to treat of thofe, and other 
 things of the like nature. 
 
 Belides thefe, the two Arebbifhops and all 
 the Bifliops of England, are Barons of the 
 Kingdom, or Parliamentary Barons j and fo 
 (in the memory of our ^ grandfathers) were 
 feveral Governours of Monafteries, of whom 
 this is a Lift. 
 
 Abbot of 
 
 Glajfenhury. 
 
 St. Aufiins, Canterbury. 
 St. Pete/sy lVefimin(ler. 
 St. Albans. 
 
 St. Edmundsbury. 
 Peterburgh. 
 
 St. JohnSy Colchefier. 
 
 Evejham. 
 
 bplnchelcomb. 
 
 Crowland. 
 
 Battaile. 
 
 Reding. 
 
 Abingdon. 
 
 IValtbamy S. Crofs. 
 Shrewsbury. 
 
 Cirencefier. 
 
 St. Peters Glocefier. 
 Bardney. 
 
 S. BenediB of Hulm. 
 T'horney. 
 
 Ramfey. 
 
 Hyde. 
 
 i Malmesbury. 
 St.Marys at Xork. 
 \Selbey. 
 
 rCoventry. 
 
 j The Order of Sr. John of Jeru- 
 Prior of ftlem, commonly ftil’d Mafier 
 J OJ the Knights of St. fohn who 
 j would alio be accounted the 
 L firft Baron of England. 
 
 To thefe it belong’d (as it flill does to the 
 Bifhops) by right and mflom^ in every Parliament 
 (as the Pubiick Records have it^ to he prefent in 
 perfin as Peers of the Realm, with the reft of the 
 Peers s to confult, treat, order, decree, and define, 
 by virtue of their Baronies held of the King. For 
 William the ^firil (as the Eedefiaflicks of that 
 age complain d, though thofe of the next look’d 
 Msnb. tlicirgreateftglory)pat Bijhoprkh and 
 
 Abbies (who held Baronies in Frank almoigne, 
 onf fo were free from all fecular fervices) under 
 military fervice ; enrolling every Bijboprick and Ab- 
 bey at pleafurey according to the number of foldiers 
 which he and his fuccejfors might demand of themy in 
 times of war. 
 
 Since that, the Ecclefiaftical Barons enjoy all 
 the Immunities which the other Barons of the 
 Realm doi except, that they are not judg’d by 
 their Peers. For as they, by the Canons of 
 the Church, are not to be prefent in fanguiiiary 
 caufes ; fo, in the fame caufes, themfelves are 
 to be judg d as to fadt, by a Jury of twelve. 
 But whether this be agreeable to the ftrict rules 
 of the Law, let the Lawyers determin. 
 
 VAVASORS or VALVASORS for- 
 merly took place next the Barons ; a name, de- 
 ny d by our La wyers from Valvay folding-doors ; 
 
 ahd a dignity, that feems to have come to us 
 from the French. For, during their dominion Sigon'm. 
 in Italy, they call d thofe Valvafors, who 
 govern d the people, or part of them, under 
 the Duke, Marquifs, Earl, or Chieftain, and 
 (as Buteler, the Lawyer, words it) “ Had a 
 full power of punifbing, but not the right of fairs 
 and markets. TJiis was a title of honour very 
 uncommon among us i and. whatever it was, 
 is long fince grown into difufe. In Chaucer’s 
 time it was not very conliderable, as appears 
 from what he fays of his Franklin, or free- 
 holder. 
 
 A Sheriff had he heeny and a contour 
 PVm no where focb a worthy Vavafour. 
 
 The LESSER Noblemen, are the [BaronetSyl Lefler Noble* 
 Knightsy Efquiresy and thofe whom we commonly men. 
 call Gentlemen. 
 
 TBARONETS are (as appears by the Baronets, 
 name) an inferior fort of Barons, and the 
 loweft degree of thofe that enjoy Hereditary 
 Honour. This was firft inftituted by King 
 James the firft, in the eleventli year of his 
 Reign, and is given by Patent to a Man and 
 the heirs male of his own Body lawfully 
 begdtten.l 
 
 j\ IN 1 o n 1 5, 
 
 — ^ E.ngum Law-Kniabts. 
 
 yers in Latin Mlitesy have almoft in all Nations 
 had their name from horjes. Thus they are ' 
 call’d Cavelliers by the Italians, Chevalier by the 
 French, Reuter by the Germans, Marchog by 
 the Welfti ; all, with reJ^edt to riding. They 
 are call’d KnightSy only by the Englifti } a word, 
 that in the Saxon, as alfo in the German 
 tongue, fignifiespromifeuoufly a fervant (or one 
 that does fervice) and a young man. And there- 
 fore in the old Saxon Gofpels, the Difciples are 
 call d Leomung^ cnyhts ; and in another place we 
 read inenyht, for a Client j and our old Com- 
 mon-Lawyer Bradton mentions the Radenihtesy 
 t. e, Serving-horfemen j who held lands upon 
 this conation, that they fhould furniih their 
 Lord with horfes : from whence, by fhorcening 
 the name (as we Engliih love contradions) I 
 have long thought that the w'ord Knights de- 
 fended to us. 
 
 But for what reafon the Laws of our Country, Knights why 
 and all the Writers fince the Norman Con-call’d 
 queft, fhould term them in Latin, Milites 5 
 I do not well apprehend. Not but I know, 
 that in the decline of the Roman Em- 
 pire, the name of Milites was transferr’d to 
 fuch as w'ere always about the King’s perfon, 
 and had the nioft confiderable Pofts in the 
 Prince s retinue. But if I am not much mifta- 
 ken, the firft who were call’d I’o among us, 
 were they that lield lands beneficiary or in fee, 
 to ferve in the wars. For fuch Fees were call’d 
 Militarky and they who in other Countries 
 are call’d Feudataries, were with us ftil’d Mi- 
 litesy Soldiers (as the Milites of the King, of 
 the Archbifhop of Canterbury, of Earl Roger, 
 of Earl Hugh, &c.) becaufe they had lands 
 beftow’d upon them on this condition, that 
 they fhould fight for them, and pay them fealty 
 and homage j whereas, others who ferved in the 
 wars t as ftipendiaries, were call’d Solidariiy'^ 
 and Servientes. SoUdarii. 
 
 Thefe (Milites or Equites, which you pleafe 
 to call them) are fourfold : The moft honour- 
 able, are thofe of the Order of S, George or 
 the Garter -y the fecond, the Bannerets-, the 
 third, Oj the Bath ; and the fourth, fuch as 
 we call fimply, Knights, and in Latin Equites 
 auratiy or Milites, without any addition. Of 
 h h 
 
ccxliii 
 
 The Degrees oj England, 
 
 ccxliv 
 
 the Knights of the Order of S. George I will 
 fpeak in their proper place, when I come 
 to Windfor : Of the reft, briefly, in this 
 
 Bannerets. 
 
 place. 
 BANNERETS, 
 
 jj IV X otherwife call’d Baronets 
 
 (butfaJfly,) have their name from a banner ^ for they 
 were allow’d, upon account of their Bravery, to 
 ufe a ic^oxQbanner as well as the Barons j and from 
 thence they are by fome, truly, call’d Equites 
 Vexillarii, tiwdhyxht Germans Banner-heires. I 
 cannot trace their antiquity beyond the reign of 
 Edward the third, w'hen England was at it’s 
 height for martial difcipline ; fo that till time 
 lhall bring to light a more probable account, 
 I muft believe that this honorary title was then 
 lirft invented, as a reward to Valour. In the 
 publick Records of that age, among the military 
 titles, there is mention made of BannerettSy and 
 H^^ities ad vexillumy \\’ho feem to be the 
 22^^23. famei and of homines ad arma (men attending 
 in arms.) And I have read a Charter of King 
 Edward the third, by W’hich he advanc’d John 
 Coupland (tor taking David the fecond King of 
 Scots, prifoner in a battle at Durham) to the 
 honour oi a. Bannerety in thefe words; Defiring fo 
 to reward the [aid Johiy who took Dawd de Bruis, 
 and delivered him up to pUy and to fet fuch a mark oj 
 Efieem upon Ins loyalty and 'valour y as may gvve others 
 an example to ferve m faithfully for the future ; We 
 have advane d the faid John to the Dignity of a 
 Banneret ; and, to Jupport that title y have for m and 
 our heirs granted to the fame John the fum of 500 1 . 
 yearly y to him and his heirsy &c. Nor may it be 
 improper to mention out of Froflardus, the 
 form by which John ChandoSy a celebrated foldier 
 inhis time,was made Banneret. WhenEdward 
 Prince of Wales was ready to engage Henry the 
 Baflardy and the French, in defence of Peter 
 King of Caftile ; John Chandos came to the 
 Prince, and deliver’d into his hands his banner 
 folded, with thefe words ; My Lord, this is my 
 banner, may it pleafeyou to unfold it, that I may this 
 day carry it. For I have, by the blefjtng of God, 
 fufficient revenue for this. The Prince and Peter 
 King of Caftile who ftood by him, took the ban- 
 ner in their hands, and reftor’d it unfolded, with 
 W'ords to this eftedt. Sir John, as you expeB fuecefs 
 and glory, behave your fef with courage, and fiew 
 what a man you are. Having receiv’d the banner, 
 he return’d to his men full of joy, and holding 
 it up. Fellow foldiers (fays he) behold my banner, 
 and yours, if you defend it Jloutly as your own. In 
 after ages, w'hoever was to be honour’d with 
 this title (either before a battle, to excite 
 courage, or after, as a reward of bravery) was 
 brought before the King or his General, carry- 
 ing an oblong f Enfign call’d Pennon (wherein 
 his Arms were painted,) and going between 
 two of the fenior Knights, with Trumpeters, 
 and Heralds, before him; and the King or Ge- 
 neral, wifhing him fuccefs, commanded the 
 end of the Pennon to be cut off, that fo the 
 banner inftead of an oblong might be made a 
 Iquare. 
 
 Concerning the Milites or Equites Balnei 
 (Knights of the BAtH) I haveobferv’d no- 
 thing more ancient, than that this dignity was 
 111 ufe among the old Franks ; and tliat Henry 
 the fourth Kingqf England, on the day of his 
 Coroiiation, did in the Tower of London con- 
 fer Knighthood upon forty ftx Efquires, who 
 had watch’d all night before, and liad bath’d 
 themfcives : that he gave to every one of them 
 a green coat reaching dowm to the ancle, ftrait- 
 * 1- d, and furr’d with miniverej and that 
 
 f Signum', 
 
 Knights of 
 the Bath. 
 
 hanging loofc, with t Tofl'ek 
 
 + TarulU. 
 
 in the Lift age, were fuch of the greatefl: of* So fta 
 the Nobility as had not been Knighted before 1607! 
 and were chofen to this honour at tile Corona- 
 tion of the Kings and Queens, or at their 
 marriages; and fometimes, when their fons 
 were made Princes of Wales, Dukes, or 
 Knights. It was then done with a variety of 
 Ceremonies, which are now in a great mealure ■ 
 difus’d. At t prefent, they who are appointed + So r,ia 
 by the King to this honour (not that I intend a ifc?’ 
 full account of the Order,) the day before 
 their Creation, put on a grey Hermit habit, a 
 hood, a liiinen Coif, a pair of boots ; and in 
 that drefs go devoutly to divine fervice, to be- 
 gin their warfare there, as principally intended 
 for the honour and fervice of God. They fup 
 together that night, each one being attended 
 by two Efquires, and a Page; after fupper, 
 they withdraw to their bed-chamber, where 
 there is prepar’d for each of them a little bed 
 with red curtains, and the arms of their fami- 
 lies upon them ; with a bathing Veffel clofe by, 
 covered with a linnen cloth, in which, after hL 
 ving Commended themfelves to God, they wajh, 
 to pur them in mind that they ought to keep 
 their bodies -and minds undelil d. Early next 
 morning, they are awaked with mulick, and 
 drefs themfcives in the fame habit. Then, the 
 High-CmJlahkj the Earl-Mar^al^ and others 
 appointed by the King, go to them, and call 
 them out in order, and give them an o.ath, to 
 fear God, and defend his Church ; to honour 
 the King, and maintain his prerogative, and to 
 proteft widows, virgins, orphans, and all others 
 (as far as they are able) from injury and op- 
 prelHon. After they have taken this oath, they 
 are conduced to Morning-prayer by the King’s 
 mufick, with the Heralds before them : and 
 from thence to their chamber again, where 
 they put off their Hermit-habit, and drefs 
 themfelves in a mantle of red Taffata (tlie 
 Emblem of Blood and War,) and a white hat 
 adorn d with a plume of white feathers over 
 their linnen coif, with a pair of white gloves 
 hanging at the * pendant cordon of their * 
 mantle. Then, they take Horfe ; and their aiamilps. 
 Horles are accouter’d with black faddles and 
 Trappings, fpeck’d with white , and have a 
 crofs on their forehead. Each has his Page on 
 horfe-back, carrying before him a fword with a 
 gilded hilt, at which there hang golden fpurs ; 
 and alfo Efquires, riding on both fides of them. 
 
 In this ftate, with trumpets founding before 
 them, they march to Court, where they are 
 conduded by two of the Senior Knights into 
 the King s prefence. Then, tlie Page delivers 
 the belt, and the fword hanging in it, to the 
 Lord-Chamberlain, and he with great reverence 
 gives it to the King, who j puts it on over- f Thm/v;# 
 thwart the Knight, and orders the two foiior 
 Knights there to put on the fpurs. Thefe for- 
 merly were wont, after wifhing them joy to 
 kifs the knees of the perfon to be Knighted. 
 
 Alter the Creation, they us’d heretofore to 
 ferve up the dilhes at the King’s table. Then, 
 they dme together, fitting all on one fide, each 
 under an Efcutcheon of his own Arms. At 
 Evening-prayer, they repair to the Chapel, 
 and ofter their fwords upon the altar, and then 
 lay down money to redeem them. As they re- 
 turn, the King’s head-Cook ftands with his 
 kiiite m his hand, admonilhing them to fhew 
 themfelves faithful and worthy Knights, or 
 e 11 cut oft their fpurs, with difgrace and in- 
 famy. On the Coronation-day, they attend 
 the King in their proper ftation, with 
 Iwords and fpurs on, attired in a blue mantle ; 
 
 with 
 
ccxlv 
 
 The Degrees of England. 
 
 ccxivi 
 
 Knfgbts. 
 
 De Morihia 
 
 ■with a knot of white filk (the emblem of a 
 clear and propitious day) in the form of a 
 crofs, and a hood upon the left fhoulder. Thus 
 much may fuffice, upon a fubjed which my 
 Defign does not oblige me to treat of parti 
 cularly. 
 
 Now, of ^^Knighn fimply fo call’d, with- 
 out other addition ; an Order, tho’ ioweft at 
 this day, yet of greateft antiquity and honour 
 in the original Inllitution. For, as the Ro- 
 mans, whofe habit was a gown, gave the fame 
 to all, as they arriv’d at the ftqte of manhood; 
 fo our anceftors the Germans prefented their 
 youth with arms, as foon as they were found 
 of ability to manage them. This we learn 
 Cermamrum, Cornelius Tacitus i^Noone by cuftom was to 
 ‘ take arms, till the city judg’d him able to bear them. 
 And then, in the publick ajfembly, either one of the 
 Princes, or the father, or fome Relation, honour’d 
 him with a fhield and javelin. 'This is the Gown 
 with them, this the firft honour confer’ d upon their 
 youth: before this, they are only members of a fa- 
 mily ; from that time, of the Commonwealth. 
 
 Now, feeing thefe military Youths were 
 call’d in tlieir language Knechts, as they are 
 alfo in our’s; I am of opinion, that both the 
 name and the inllitution are to be deriv’d 
 from thence. This was the primitive and 
 moll plain method of creating Knights j that 
 W'hich was in ufe among the Longobards, and 
 the Franks, and our fore-fathers ; all, defcen- 
 Lib. I. c. 22.ded from the Germans. Paulus Diaconus tells 
 us of a cuftom among the Longobards, That the 
 King’s f on is not permitted to dine with his father, 
 till i.rms are beftow’d on him by the King of fome 
 other Nation. And we find in the Hillory of 
 the Franks, that their Kings gave arms to their 
 fonsand others, and girt them with a fword; 
 and Malmsbury fays, that our King Alfred 
 confer’d Knighthood upon his * nephew Athel- 
 ftan, a youth of extraordinary hopes ; giving 
 him a fcarlet mantle, a belt fet with jewels, 
 and a Saxon fword with a golden fcabbard. 
 
 Afterwards, when Religion had gain’d fo 
 great refpect in the world, that nothing was 
 thought to be done well or fuccefsfully, unlefs 
 Religious men had the firft hand in it ; our 
 Anceftors (a little before the coming-in of the 
 Normans) Avere wont to receive the Sword 
 from them. This, Ingulphus (who liv’d at 
 that time) tells us. He who was to be confecrated 
 to lawful w'arfare, did the evening before make 
 confejfton of his Jins, with contrition, to fome Bijbop, 
 Abbot, Monk, or Prieft ; and being abfolv’d, fpent 
 that night in the Church, in order to hear divine 
 Service next day ; then, he offer’d his fword upon 
 the altar, and after the Gofpel, the Prieft put it (as 
 f Militis coJ~ then hallowed) with a blejjing, f upon the Knight s 
 Jhoiilder •, and fo, having received the facrament, he 
 became a law'ful Knight. Nor was this cuftom 
 prefently difus’d by the Normans. For thus 
 John of Salisbury in his Polycraticon : 
 There was a cuftom, that on the day when any one 
 was Knighted, be went to the Church, and laying 
 his fword upon tlx altar, offer’d it there ; by this 
 Solemn profeffm, devoting himfelf to the fervice of 
 the Altar, and alfo obliging himfelf to be ever rea- 
 dy to aftift it with his fword ; that is, to do his du- 
 ty to it. Petrus Blefenfis alfo : The young men 
 at this day receive their fwords from the altar, that 
 they may thereby profefs that they are fons of the 
 Church, and that they take tlseir fwords, for the 
 honour of the Priefthood, the proteiiion of the poor, 
 the punifhment of malefaHors, and the Liberties of 
 their Country : Tet thefe good ends of the Inftitution 
 are little remember’d in our days’, for, from the 
 
 * ^epotem. 
 
 Epift, 94. 
 
 VI./ uttyi f jw-j jront ztje low a 100 s. J07 j ly^auipape^ 
 'Very time oj their KnightJmd^ they rebel againji the j King, but the Earls alfo 
 
 Lord s anointed^ and make hamck of the revenues 
 0} the Church. 
 
 As for the cuftom of having a fword girt 
 on them, it is without doubt deriv’d from the 
 dlfciplin of tlic Romans. For, as they thought 
 it unlawful to^ fight an enemy before they had 
 taken the military oath with their fwordCic. I. i. 
 drawn; fo our Anceftors believ’d they could O®'- '*= Ca- 
 not la-wfuly go to war, before they were con-*“““ 
 fecrated by this ceremony to the fervice. And 
 m that manner, we find William Rufus Kin<r 
 of England made a Soldier in form, by Arch- 
 bifhop Lanfrancfc. Yet this Cuftom by de- 
 grees grew into difufe ; from the time, as In- 
 gulphus fays, that it was jefted on and explo- 
 ded by the Normans ; and a Synod was held 
 at Weftminfter in the year iioa, whereby it 
 was decreed, that Abbots fhmld net create Knights. 
 
 Yet fome interpret this, that Abbots fhould mt 
 grant Church-lands to be held by Kiiight-fervlce. 
 
 Afterwards, it became a cuftom for Kinas 
 to fend their fons to neighbouring Princes, to 
 receive Knighthood at their hands. Thus, 
 our Henry the fecond was font to David King 
 of Scots ; and Malcolm King of Scots to our 
 Henry the fecond on the fame err.and ; and fo, 
 our Edward the firft was fent to the King of 
 Caftile, to receive military arms, or the virilia ; 
 for fuch was the form and ftyle in the Crea- 
 tions of that time. Then alfo, to the fword 
 and girdle, were added the gilt fpurs, as a 
 further ornament ; and hence they are call’d at 
 this day Milites, and Eqiiites, aurati. The pri- 
 vilege of a feal was alfo granted them ; for 
 till they were created Knights, they might not 
 ufe a feal; as I infer from the Abingdon- 
 Book, which has thefe Words. Which writing 
 Richard Earl of Chefter intended to feal with bis 
 mother Ermentrud’s feal ; for (being mt as yet 
 Knighted) all his letters were feal’d with his mo- 
 ther s feal. Ill the following age, it is pretty 
 apparent, that Knights were made upon ac- 
 count of their Eftates; for they who had a 
 great Knight’s-fee (that is, if we may credit 
 old Records, * d8o acres of land) claim’d the* Others 800. 
 honour of Knighthood, as thereby entitl’d to 
 it. Nay, in Henry the third’s reign, whoever 
 had the yearly revenue of fifteen pounds in 
 lands, was compeU’d in a manner to receive this 
 dignity ; fo that the title Avas become rather 
 a burthen, than an honour. In the year ffill. Minor, 
 the King iffud a Proclamation, whereby it was or- 
 der’d and declar’d throughout the Realm, that who- 
 ever had * fifteen f Librats of land or above, fhould* entire 
 be Knighted, for increafe of the military ftrength 
 England, as it was in Italy ; and that they whoterrx!‘*‘^^" 
 would not or could mt fupport the honour of Knight- 
 hood, fhould compound for a difpenfation. This is 
 the Reafon why Ave fo often find in the Re- 
 cords, For * refpite of Knighthood, A. ofN. J. H. * 
 
 &C-, and fuch Prefentraents as thefe by the Ju- 
 rors,^ R. oj St. Laurence holds an entire fee, and 
 is of full age, and mt yet Knighted ; and therefore 
 amerc’d. To that rime, and fomewhat longer 
 (unlefs I am much deceiv’d) in all our Law- 
 forms,^ where a Jury of tAvelve is empannell’d 
 to be judge ot fad; he who had a Knights- 
 tee, was ftil d Miles, or Knight, and thofe 
 who were created by the King, Milites gladio 
 cincii. 
 
 And in thofe days, Avhen the King made a 
 Knight, as the fame Matthew Paris relates, 
 he fat in ftate upon his throne, and in robes of gold 
 of the moft coftly * Bawdkin, with a little crown of * BamJkino 
 gold^ upon his Head ; and to every .Knight he al- 
 low d loo S. for t Equipage. And not only thet Hamefia-- 
 
 t 
 
 confer’d Knight-»^««^«. 
 hood. 
 
ccxlvii 
 
 ccxlviii 
 
 The Degrees 
 
 of England. 
 
 hood, in tint age. For the fame Author has 
 told us, how the Earl of Gloceller, having 
 proclaim'd a Tournament, Knighted his bro- 
 thcr U'lUiam ; anti how Simon de Montejort, 
 Earl ot Leicefter, conter’d the fame Honour 
 upon Gilbert de Clave. And fo it was in 
 France ; as appears from the ftyle^of the Pa- 
 tents, ichereby any 6 ne who has procuv d letters to 
 that pwpofei is allow d to be created by what Knight 
 he pleajes. From that time, none have reeeiv d 
 this honour in England, but either from the 
 King himfelf, or the Prince of Walea (permit- 
 ted by his Father fo to do) or from the Gene- 
 ral of the army as the King’s Lieutenant j 
 and that, upon account of fome brave A.< 5 tions 
 either done or expelled, or elfe for fervices in 
 the Civil Adminiftration. 
 
 And this was, without queflion, a wife 
 contrivance of our Kings, when they had no 
 more Fees to give away. For nothing could be 
 more effciSual to encourage Bravery , and lay 
 an obligation upon their beft and moil defer- 
 ving Subjefts, fuch as were nobly defeended, 
 and men of great eftates j than, as a teftiraony 
 of their favour, to bellow upon them the ho- 
 nourable title of Knights j. which in old time 
 was a name of Dignity only. For when the 
 Prince confer’d it deliberately, and upon me- 
 rit, it was thought a high reward and favour, 
 and look’d on as a badge of the greateft ho- 
 nour. They who were thus Knighted, efleem d 
 it the price of Virtue, a lafling honour and 
 memorial to their family, and the great glory 
 of their Name. So that it is faid by our Law- 
 Milesa nameyers, that Miles is a Name of dignity, but not 
 of dignity. Baro.. Fot a Baron in ancient times (if he 
 was not alfo a Knight) was written barely by 
 his Chriflian name and the name of his fami- 
 ly, without any addition, except that of Do- 
 mimts, which is likewife applicable to Knights. 
 But the name Knight feems to have been an 
 additional title of honour to the greatefl digni- 
 ties j feeing Kings, Dukes, Marquiffes, Earls, 
 and Barons, were ambitious both of the name 
 and dignity. And here I cannot but infert, 
 what Mutth. Florilegm writes, concerning the 
 creation of Knights ift Edw’ard the firh’s time. 
 Fbe King, to enlarge his Expedition into Scotland, 
 publiJJfd a Proclamation throughout England, that 
 whoever was by hereditary fuccejjion bound to be a 
 Knight, or had wherewithal to jupport that dignity, 
 1306. fhould be prefent at IVeflminfler at the feajl of 
 IVhitJontide, there to receive all Knightly accoutre- 
 f E^uitatura, mgyits (Jove f Equipage') out oj the Kings Ward- 
 robe. Accordingly, there ajjembled thither 300 
 young Gentlemen, the fons of Earls, Barons, and 
 Knights, and * had purple liveries, filk-fcarves, 
 and II robes richly embroidered with gold, be/lowed 
 upon them, according to their feveral qualities. 
 And becaufe the Kings Palace, though very large, 
 was too little to receive the ConcoiMe, they cut down 
 the apple-trees at the f new Temple in London, 
 and ras’d the walls, and fet up pavilions and tents, 
 wherein the young Gentlemen might drefs themfelves, 
 in garments embroider’d with gold 3 and that night, 
 * Suas vigi- as many of them as the Temple would hold, * per- 
 has fpgjy. Watching therein. But the Prince 
 
 of Wales, by his father s order, together with the 
 chief of them, watch’d in the Church of Weflminfter. 
 And Jo great was the found of trumpets, minftrels, 
 and acclamations of joy there, that the \ chaunting 
 of the Consvent could not be heard from Quire to Quire. 
 The day following, the King knighted his fon in his 
 Palace, and gave him the Dukedom of Aquitain. 
 The Prince being thm knighted, went to the Church 
 of Weflminfter, that he might confer the fame 
 honour upon his Companions. And fuch was the 
 
 • Dijlribue- 
 bantUT pur- 
 pura. 
 
 II Cyclades. 
 
 i Nevum 
 Templum. 
 
 t Conventus 
 jubilatio. 
 
 prefs and throng about the high Altar, that two 
 Knights were kilt’d, and many fainted^ though eve- 
 ry Knight had at leafi three or four Soldiers to mn- 
 duH and defend him.. A Prime himfelf, the 
 throng was fo great, was forc’d to knight them upon 
 the high Altar, having made his way thither by 
 his * warlike Guards. At prefent, he who 
 to be knighted, kneels down, and in that po-'^ 
 fture is lightly ftruck upon the Shoulder with 
 a naked fword by the Prince, faying thus in 
 French, Sois Chevalier au mm de Dieu, i, e. Be 
 thou a Knight in the name of God : and then he 
 adds, Avancez Chevalier, i. e. Rife up Sir Knight. 
 
 What relates further to this Order 3 how 
 famous, how glorious, and how eminent a re- 
 ward it was accounted by men of honour in 
 former days ; how Religious they were in the 
 point of Fidelity and Phin-dealing, when it 
 was a fufEcient furety if they promis’d upon 
 the Honour of a Knight 3 how liberal and gene- 
 rous they were 3 and w^hat Contribution was 
 due from every Knight’s-fee, w'hen the King’s 
 eldeft fon was honour’d with this Dignity 3 
 all thefe things I leave to other Writers. As 
 alfo, when they had committed a crime that Degradations 
 was capital, how they were flrip’d of their of 
 Ornaments 3 their military belt ungirt, their 
 fword taken from them, their fpurs cut oft' 
 with a hatchet, their gloves taken away, \ and \Clypeo genii. 
 their arms inverted 3 Juft as it is in degrading^^*‘° 
 thofe who have lifted themfelves in the Spiri- 
 tual warfare 3 the Eccleliaftical ornaments, the 
 book, chalice, and fuch like, are all taken 
 from them. 
 
 I leave it likewife to be confider’d, wbOcher 
 thefe Knights have been by fome rightly ftyi’d 
 Knights Bacchallers, and whether Baccballers were Knights Bs- 
 not a middle Order between Knights and'^^^°^^* 
 Efquires. For fome Records run, The names j^iorfoVtu 
 of the Milites, Baccalaurei, & ValeBi, of the Earle^iH.i. 
 of Glocefter. Hence, fome will have Baccballers 
 to be fo call’d quafi Bas Chevaliers 3 though 
 others derive the name from Battailer, a French 
 word which hgnifies to ftght. Let them ex- 
 amin further, whether the honour of Knight- 
 hood (which formerly, when very rare, was 
 fo very glorious, and the eftablidi’d reward of 
 virtue) becomes not mean and little, as it 
 grows common, and is proftituted to every 
 one who has the vanity to deftre it. Aimi- 
 lius Probus formerly complain’d of the fame 
 thing, in a like cafe, among the Romans. 
 
 Next to the Knights, in order, were theErqiirc?. 
 Armigeri, ESQUIRES, call’d alfo 
 Homines ad anna, and among the Goths Schll- 
 por, fi’om bearing the Shield 3 as heretofore, a- 
 mong the Romans, Scutarii : Who had that 
 name, either from their coat of Arms, which 
 they bore as badges of their nobility 3 or be- 
 caufe they t carry ’d the armour of Princes and^ amis 
 great men. For anciently, every Knight -wascrant. 
 ferv’d by two of thefe 3 they carry’d his hel- 
 met and buckler, and were his infepa'rable 
 companions 3 holding lands of the Knight, 
 their Lord, in Efeuage, as he held of the King 
 by Knights-fervke. Efquires are at this day 
 of five forts 3 for thofe I juft now fpoke of, 
 are out of ufe. The Chiet^ are they, who are 
 chofen to attend the King’s Perfon. Next 
 them, are the eldeft fons of Knights, and their 
 eldeft fons fucceftively. In the third place, 
 the eldeft fons of the younger fons of Barons 
 and of others of tlie Greater Nobility : And 
 when fuch heir-male fails, the title dies with 
 him. The fourth in order, are they whom 
 the King himl'elf, together x\ith a title, ho- 
 nours with arnjs, or makes Efquires; adorning 
 
 them 
 
CGXlix 
 
 The Degrees o/^Erigland. 
 
 ccl - 
 
 So fatd, 
 ,nn. 1607. 
 
 them with a collar of S. S. of filver, and a pair 
 of filver fpurs : whence at f this day in the 
 weft parts of the lOngdom they are call'd 
 If/Ijite-fpursy to diftinguifti them from Knights, 
 or Equites Aurati, who have fpurs oigtild: and 
 of thefe, the eldefi fons only can bear the title. 
 In the fifth place, they are reputed Efquires, 
 who are in any great Office in the Govern- 
 ment, or ferve the King in any honourable 
 ftation. 
 
 But this Name of EJ^irej which in ancient 
 times was a name of Office only, firft crept 
 in among the titles of honour, as far as I have 
 obferv*d, in the reign of Richard the fe- 
 cond. 
 
 GENTLEMEN, are either thofe in gene- 
 ral who are defcended of good families ; of 
 they whom Virtue or Fortune have rais’d a- 
 bove the common level. CITIZENS, or 
 geJfeSj are fuch, as are in publick offices in their 
 feveral Towns or Cities, or are elected to fit 
 in Parliament. 
 
 The common people or YEOMEN, are Yeomen, Ge» 
 fuch as fome ftyle lagemi; the Law calls them*”®"* Sax« 
 homines legates, i. e. freeholders j thofe who can 
 fpend at leaft forty (hillings of their own, yearly, people, 
 
 * LABOURERS are fuch as labour for wa- Labourers* 
 ges /Or profit; Ani'^-ans, li^cbanicks. Smiths,' Qpijicet. 
 Carpenters, 6cc. who were term’d capite cenji, and 
 Proletarii, among the Romans. 
 
 
 I M'R 
 
 ill 
 
 
 
 It 
 
 THE 
 
cell 
 
 cclii 
 
 
 THE 
 
 LAW-COURTS 
 
 O F 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Parliament. 
 
 ^ S for the Tribumls or Courts of 
 : fuftice in England, there are 
 . three feveral forts of them j 
 1 fome Spiritual^ others Tempo- 
 ) ral» and one mixf, which laft 
 J is the greateft and by far the 
 
 - moft honourable, call'd the 
 
 Varliament i a French word of no great antiqui- 
 ty. Our Saxon Anceftors nam'd it f icenasemoc, 
 that is, anajfembly of the wife men, and Gep«6nipf, 
 or Council, and Cpicil 6yno6 (from the greek 
 word Synod) a great meeting. The Latin writers 
 of that and the next age, call it Commune Con- 
 cilium, Ctiria ahiffma, Generale Plucitum, Curia 
 Magna, Magnatum Conventus, Prafemia Regis, Pra- 
 latonmi, Procerumque coUeSiorum, Commune totius 
 regni concilhm, trc. And as Livy calls the ge- 
 neral Council of iEtolia, Panetolium, fo this of 
 our's may be term’d very properly Pananglium. 
 For it conliils of the King, the Clergy, the 
 Nobility, and Knights and Burgefles elected \ 
 or, to exprefs my felf more plainly in Law- 
 language, the King, the Lords Spiritual and tem- 
 poral, and the Commons, who reprefent the body 
 of the Nation. This Court is not held at any 
 fet time, but is call'd at the King's pleafure, 
 w hen matters of great difficulty and importance 
 are to be confider'd, for the general benefit of 
 the States and then again, is diflblv’d when he 
 Stat.i.Georg. • [(Only by a late Statute, he is now 
 c. 38. Before, obliged, in Law, to fummon anew Parliament 
 bydW. CS-M. once every feven years, at leaft :)1 It has a 
 three. fupreme and over-ruling Authority in making, 
 confirming, repealing, and explaining Laws, 
 reverfing Attainders, determining caufes of 
 more than ordinary difficulty between SubiecS 
 and Subjeft ; and, to be fhort, in all things 
 which either concern the State in general or 
 any particular Perfon. ' ’ 
 
 Kl.g-s Court. Immediately after the coming-in of the Nor- 
 mans, and for fome time before, the next to 
 this was the Kings Court, which was held in the 
 King s Palace, and follow’d the King where- 
 everhewent. For in the King’s Palace there 
 was a peculiar place for the Chancellor or Clerks ■ 
 who had the ifluing-out of Writs, and the or- 
 dering of Che Seal; and likewife for Judges 
 
 who had not only power to hear pleas of the 
 Crown, but all Caufes between private perfons. 
 
 There was alfo an Exchequer for the Treafurer 
 and his Receivers ; who had chaige of the 
 King’s Revenue. Thefe, each of them, were 
 accounted members of the King’s family, and 
 had their meat and cloaths of the King. 
 
 Hence, Gotzelin in the life of S. Edward, calls 
 them Palatii Caujidici ; and Joannes Sarisburi- 
 enfis, Curiales. But befides thefe, and above 
 them, in the Adminiftration of Jullice, was 
 the Juflitia Anglia, Prima Jujlitia, Jujlitiarms 
 Anglia, and Juflitiarius Anglia Capitalis, i. e. The Chief 
 the Clsief Juft ice of England; who was con-J“®‘“' 
 ftituted, with a yearly ftipend of a thoufand 
 marks, by a Patent in this form : fhe King to 
 all the Arehbiftiops, Eijhops, Allots, Priors, Counts, 
 
 Barons, Vifeoums, Forefters, and all other his faith- 
 ful fubjeBs of England, Greeting. Wheretufor 
 our own prefervation, and the tranquillity of our 
 Kingdom, and for the adminiftration of juftice to all 
 and ftngular the SubjeBs of tins Realm, we have 
 cmftituted our trufiy and well beloved Philip Ball'et, 
 
 Jullice of England, during our Royal will and plea- 
 fure ; we do enjoyn and require you by the faith and 
 aliegianoe you owe m, that ih ad things relating to 
 the /aid Office, and the prefervation of our Peace and 
 the peace of cur Kingdom, you be aiding and affifling 
 to him, fo long m he fh ad continue in the faid Office. 
 
 TVitnefs the King, Hoc. ^ 
 
 But in the reign of Henry the third, it was 
 enacted, that the Common-Pleas fiiould nor follow 
 the King’s Court, but be held in fome certain 
 p ace ; and therefore a little after that, the 
 Chancery, the Pleas of the Crown, and the Ex- 
 chequer, were remov’d from the King’s Court, 
 and ellablifli d a-part infix’d and certain pLaces; 
 as fome Jhow truly I know not) have told us. 
 
 Having premis’d thus much ; I will add . c„,. 
 fomewhat concerning tliefe Courts and others Chair, 
 that Iprung from them, as they Hand at this Court of 
 day. And feeing fome of them are Courts 
 Law, namely the pngs-Bemh, Common-Pleas,lPSSln^ 
 Exchequer, Affi^s, J and the Court of Admiralty 
 and another ot Equity, viz. ciie Chancery (| .• I will Councils 
 briefiy infert under the feveral heads, what PI’''"’!",' 
 have learnt concerninp each 
 
 ® and in the 
 
 The North, C. 
 
ccliii 
 
 The Law-Courts of England. 
 
 ccliv 
 
 The King’s 'Y\\c King s-Bench, fo call’d becaufe the Kings 
 Bench. themfclvps were wont to prefide in that Court, 
 t^kes cognizance of all pleas of the Crown, 
 and many other matters relating to the King, 
 and weal-publick j it has power to exam in and 
 rev'crfe the Judgments of the Common-pleas. 
 The Judges there, befides the King hirafelf 
 when he is pleas’d to be prefent, are, the 
 ■f Four, C. Chief fufiice of England^ and t three others, 
 or more, as the King pleafes. 
 
 Common The has this name, becaufethe 
 
 Pleas. between fubjeft and fubjedl are bytheCorn- 
 
 mon law triable therein. The Judges are the 
 ■f Chief fujlice of the Common-Pleas, and | three o- 
 
 thers, or more, toaffifthim. Officers belong- 
 ing to tliis Court, are the Keener of the Writs, 
 three Protonotaries, and feveral others of an in- 
 ferior rank. 
 
 Exchequer. xhe Exchequer deriv'd that name from a table 
 at which they fat. For fo Gervafius Tilburi- 
 enfis tells us, who liv’d in the year i ido. 'The 
 Exchequer is a fquare table about ten foot long, and 
 five broad', contriv’d like a dining-table, to (it 
 round. On every fide, it hoe a ledge about four fin- 
 gers broad. Under it, is fpread a cloath of black, 
 and no other colour, bought in Eafter-term, with 
 flripes diftant from each other about a foot, or a /pan. 
 A little after: This Court, by report, heu been from 
 the very Conquefi: of the Realm by King William j 
 the defign and model of it being taken from the Ex- 
 chequer beyond Sea. In this, all matters belong- 
 ing to the King’s Revenue, are heard. The 
 Judges are, the Lord Treafurer of England, the 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Chief Baron, and 
 Barons. The Officers of this 
 * Ann.' 1^07. Court * are, The King’s Remembrancer, the Trea- 
 furers Remembrancer, the Clerk of the Pipe, the 
 Comptroler of the Pipe, the five Auditors of tlse an- 
 cient Revenues, the Foreign Oppofer, Clerk of the 
 Eflreats, Clerk of the Pleas, the Marfial, the Clerk 
 of the Summons, the Deputy-Chamberlains, two 
 Secondaries in the office of the King’s Remembrancer, 
 two Secondaries in the office of the Treafurer s Remem- 
 brancer, two Secondaries of the Pipe, four other Clerks 
 in feveral Offices, ike. In the other part of the 
 T Recepta. Exclicquer, call’d f the Receipts, Two Chamber- 
 lains, a Plce-treafurer, Clerk of the Tallies, Clerk of 
 th Pells, four Tellers, two Joyners of the Tallies, 
 two Deputy-Chamberlains, the Clerk of the TaUies, 
 the Keeper of the Treafury, four Purfevants ordinary, 
 two Scribes, &c (a). The Offieers alfo of the 
 Tenths and Firft-fruits belong to this Court. For 
 when the Pope’s authority was fupprefs’d, and 
 an Aa pafs’d, that the Tenths and Firft-fruits 
 of all Ecclefiaftical Benefices fliould be paid to 
 the King, thefe Officers w ere Infiituted. f Which 
 Revenue hath ever fince been enjoy’d by the 
 Crown, until our late Gracious Soveraigii Queen 
 Anne, out of a tender Concern for Religion, 
 and the Eftabliflied Church, gave it in perpe- 
 tuity, for the augmentation of the Mainte- 
 nance of the Poorer Clergy ; which pious Gift was 
 confirmed in Parliament, in the fecond year of 
 her Reign.1 
 
 ran^*^^ Befides thefe three Royal Courts of Judica- 
 
 ture j for the fpeedy execution of Jufiice, and 
 to eafe the fubjed of much labour and expence, 
 Henry the fecond feiit fome of thefe Judges, and 
 others, every year, into each County ; who 
 
 were call’d Juftkes Itinerant, or Juftices in Eyre. 
 
 Thefe had jurifdidion as well in Pleas of the 
 Crown as iu common caiifes, within tlie Coun- 
 ties affign’d them. For that King, as Mat- 
 thew Paris fays, by the advice of his fon and 
 theBifliops, appointed Juftices in fix feveral parts 
 of the Kingdom ; in each part three : who took im 
 oath, to do every man right and juftke. This In- 
 ftitution expir’d at length in- Edward the 
 third’s time ; but was in fome meafure reviv’d * 
 
 by Ad of Parliament a little after. For, the 
 Counties being divided into fo many Circuits, 
 two of the King’s Juftices go thofe Circuits 
 twice every year, for the trial of prifoners or 
 Gaol-delivery. Hence, in Law-latin, they are 
 call’d Jufliciarii Gaola deliberandi : They are 
 likewife to take cognizance of aSAffizes of no- 
 vel dijfeifin and of fome other things (from 
 which they are call’d Jufiices of A ffize',) and 
 are alfo to try all iflues between party and par- 
 ty, in any of the King’s three great Courts, 
 by t their Peers. Hence they are commonly f Per Fans. 
 call’d Jufikes of Nifiprius from the Writs di- 
 reded to the Sheriff, which have the words Nifi 
 prim in them. 
 
 The t Star-Chamber, or rather the Court ofThc Star- 
 the King’s Council, * took cognizance of all Chamber. 
 matters criminal. Perjuries, Impoflures, 
 
 Excejfes, 8 cc. This Court f was, in Age, the moft 
 ancient, and in Dignity, the moft honourable, is, C.* 
 of them all. For it feems to be as early, as 
 Appeals from tlie Subjeds to their Sovereign, 
 and the birth and rile of the King’s Council. 
 
 The Judges i| were perfons of the greateft ho-[[ Are C. 
 nour and eminence ; being of the King’s Privy- 
 Council. It had the name of Star-Chamber, ever 
 fmee it was held in a Chamber of that name at 
 Weftminfter adorn’d with Stars •, which f had ^ Has C. 
 been long fet a-part for that ufe. For, in an 
 Ad of Parliament in Edward the third’s time, 
 we find Confeil en le Cbambre des Efloielles, pres de 
 la receipte al Weflminfter, i. e. The Council in 
 the Star-chamber, near the Receipt at Weft- 
 minfter. The Authority and Jurifdidion of this 
 Court was fo much enlarg’d and confirm’d in 
 Parliament by that wife Prince, Henry the 
 feventh ; that fome have falfly alcrib’d the /«- 
 flitution of it to him. The Judges of this 
 Court * were, the Lord Chancellor of England, the » Are C. 
 Lord Treafurer oj England, the Lord Prefident of 
 the Council, the Lord Keeper of the Privy-Seal, and 
 all of the King’s Council, whether perfons 
 fpiritual or temporal alfo fuch of the Par- 
 Ikmentary Enrons as the Kmg f thought fit to ^ shall think, 
 call ; with the two Chief Jufitces, or two other C. 
 
 Judges in their abfence. The Officers || were Are, C. 
 the Clerk of the Council, the Clerk of the Writs, 
 and of the Procefs of the Council of Star-chamber, See. 
 
 Caufes in this Court * were not try’d per * Are, C, 
 Pares according to the Common-Law, but after 
 the method of the Civil-Law. fBut this Court, 
 having been guilty of great Abufes (as was de- 
 clared in Parliament) w'as entirely taken away, 
 by a Statute made in the fixteenth year of King Cap. x, 
 Charles the firft.l 
 
 The Court of f Wards and Liveries (fo call’d The Court 
 from or (I Af/»oj-/,wbofe caufes * were here 
 
 try’d) was inftituted by Henry the eighth. 
 
 Whereas before, their Caufes were heard in the 
 
 Courts • Are, C. 
 
 „ ®f ® follows: King’s Remembrancer, Deputy 
 
 Kings Remembrancer, eight Attorneys, Treafurer’s Remembrancer, five Attorneys, Office of Pleas, Mailer and 
 tour Attorney^. two Auditors of the Impreft, Deputy Auditor, two Auditors of the Revenues, Deputy- Auditor 
 Clerk of the Pipe, Comptroller of the Pipe, a Marflul, Mailer of the firft Fruits and Comptroller, Deputy Re.’ 
 
 Clerk of the Eflreats, Receiver, two Chamberlains, two Deputy.Chamberlains, a 
 Chief Ulher. fmir t g ■/ , 
 
cclv 
 
 The Law-Courts of England. 
 
 cclvl 
 
 f Dies, C. 
 
 * Ars, C. 
 
 + May, C. 
 ills, C. 
 
 Cap. xxiv. 
 
 Courts of C/mbcc)-, wiEMheiuer. For, by an old 
 Cuftom (derived from Normandy, and not, as Some 
 write, inftituted by Henry IIIJ when any one 
 t died holding lands ■ of the King m cafite by 
 Knight! firmice, both the heir, and the eilate, 
 with the revenues of it, t were in fVitrd to the 
 King, till he compleated the age of one and 
 twenty, and then he j might fue out his livery. 
 The 'Judge in this Court, || was the Mafler- 
 Gmeral 1 under him, a Sttpervifor of the Liiie- 
 riei, an Amriiey-General, it Receinier-Gemral, an 
 Auditor, a Clerk of the Liveries, a. Ckrk of the 
 Court, forty Feudariei, and a Mejfenger. iBut 
 this Court, with all the Powers thereunto be- 
 longing, was taken away and utterly abolilhed, 
 by a Statute made in Parhament in the twelfth 
 year of King Charles the fecond.J 
 
 In after-ages, tWO other Courts were Infll- 
 mted for Correbiing of Errors ', one, for thofe of 
 the Exchequer, the other for thofe of the Kmg s- 
 Bench. The Judges of the firft, are, the Chan- 
 cellof-i and the 'freafuTer oj Englnndj taking inch 
 of the Judges to their affiftalice as they ftlall 
 think ht ; thofe of the latter, are the Judges of 
 the Common-Pleas, and the Barons of the Ex- 
 
 chequer. 
 
 The Court of The Court of Admiralty has jurifdiaion in 
 Admiralty, n'.aritime affairs j and is adminifterd by the 
 * Locumte- Jdmral of England, his * Lieutenant, a ftidge, 
 two Clerks, a Ser'vant of the Court, and the Vice- 
 Admirals. Now, for the Courts of Equity. 
 
 The Court of The Chancery takes its name from the Chan- 
 Cha«cery. cell or , a Title of no great honour under the 
 
 old Roman Emperors, aswe learn from Vopif- 
 cHi. At prefjnt, it is a name of the greateft dig- 
 nity, and the place of Chimcellor, the higneft 
 honour in the State. Cafllodorus derives the . 
 word d cuncdlis, i. e. rails, or Balifiers, becaufe 
 i hirafecretathey e-xamine matters t hi a private apartment 
 CanceUorum. enclos’d with lails, fuch as the Latins call d 
 Epifl, 6. ^il>‘Cancetli. Conftder, fays he, by what natne you are 
 enWd. IVhat you do within the rails cannot be a 
 f-cret : your doors are tranfparent, your cloy jiers lye 
 open, your gates are all windows. Hence it plain- 
 ly appears, that the Chancellor fat expos’d to 
 e\ ery one’s \ iew, within the rails or cancels ; fo 
 that his nam.e feerrs to be deriv’d from them. 
 Mow, it being the bufmefs of that Minifler 
 (xvho is the mouth, the eye, and the ear, of the 
 * Cancellatim.Vnwct,) to ffrike or dafh with crofs lines, * lat- 
 tice-like, fuch writs or judgments as are againft 
 law or prejudicial to the State, which is not 
 improperly call’d Cancelling j fome think the 
 word Chancellor 'vv^as deduc’d from thence. 
 And thus we fmd it in a miodern Gioflary : A 
 Chancellor ts he, whofe office it is to infpebi the 
 writings, anfwers, and orders of the Empei-or 
 to cancel thofe that are wrong, and ftgn thofe that are 
 right. Kor is that of PoHdore Virgil true, 
 namely, that IVilliam the Conqueror infiituted a 
 College of Scribes to write Letters-patents and 
 nam’d the Mafler thereof, CHANCELLOR : 
 tor it is evident, that Chancellors were in Eng- 
 land before the Conqueft. 
 
 HowgreattheIionourandauthorityofC/jflWce//or 
 is at this day, is fo very well known, that I need not 
 enlarge uponit:Tofhewhowgreatitwasformerly,I 
 will iub joyn a word or two from an ancient Author. 
 
 of the Chancellor of England, is this j 
 liv’d under reputed the fecond perfon in the Kingdom, and 
 
 Hen. 2. next to the King : with the f King s feal {whereof he 
 + ^Itera parte the keeping to feal his own Injun^iions j to have 
 pgtUi Regtt. the ordering of the Kings Chapel', to have the cu- 
 ftody of all Archbifhopricks, Bijhopricks, Abbies, and 
 BaronieSfVacant and fallen into the Kings hands', to 
 be prefent at the Kings Council, and to repair thither 
 without fummons j to feal all things by the hand of 
 
 a Clerk who carries the King s feal ; and to have aU 
 matters difpos’d and order d with his advice. Alfo, 
 
 * that by the grace of God, leading a jiff and up~* Ut fu^^u 
 right Life, he may (if be will himfelf) die Arch-^^’^^'f‘iy ei 
 bijhop or Bifhop : Whereupon it is, that theCHAN-\Yamyi,f^ 
 CELLOKSHIP ism to be bought. ritis, non mo- 
 
 The manner of making a Chanafflor (to ob~riatur,mfAr- 
 ferve this by the way) was, in Henry the 
 cond’s time, by hanging the Great Seal about 
 the neck of the perfon chofen to that office. 
 
 But in Henry the fixch’s reign, ,the method was 
 thus, as appears from the Records: Upon the GaaJt, Mapa. 
 death of the Chancellor of England, three great 
 Seals, one of gold dnd the other two of filver, . 
 which were kept by the Chancellor, are, immediate- 
 ly after his deceafe, lock’d up in a wooden chefl, 
 and feal’d by the Lords prejent, and fo convey’d 
 into the Treafury. From thence they are brought 
 to the King, who in the prefence of the Nobility 
 delivers the fame into the hands of the fucceeding 
 Chancellor, (homing taken an oath before him, 
 that he will well and faithfully admimfler that 
 Office ;) firft, the great filver feal, next that ofgol^ 
 and laftly, the other of filver. After he has receiv d 
 them, he puts them into the cheft again, and fends 
 them home feal’d with his own feal i where, before 
 certain of the Nobility, he caufes the Kings Letters 
 Patents and Writs to be jeal’d with them. When a 
 Chancellor is difeharg’d, he delivers up the three feals 
 into the Kings hands, in the prefence of his Nobles ; 
 firft, the feal of Gold, then the broad feal of filver, 
 and next, the other filver one of a kfs fix.e. At this 
 day, only one feal is deliver’d to the Chancellor ; 
 nor is there any mention ot thefe three feals, 
 but in the reign of Henry the fixth. In proceis 
 of time, m.uch honour and authority 'W'as added^ 
 to the office of Chancellor by feveral Ads of 
 Parliamait efpeciall}', fince all that rigour and 
 flridnefs crept into the Common Law, and the 
 Pleadings, by niceties to a word, became fo en- 
 fnaring, that a Court of Equity was found ne- 
 ceffary : and this was committed to the Chan- 
 cellor, to judge according to the rules of Equi- 
 ty, and to moderate the of juftice, which 
 
 is oft-times Oppreffion. 'I’here prefide in this 
 Court, the Lord Chancellor of England, and^ 
 twelve Mafters of Chancery, as Affejfors, the chief 
 whereof is tlie Keeper of the Rolls belonging to 
 that Court, andther.ee call’d Rotulomm, 
 
 or Mafier of the Rolls. There f are alfo many + Ann. 1607. 
 other Officers belonging to this Court ; fome 
 concern’d about the Great-Seal, namely, the 
 Clerk of the Crown, the Clerk of the Hannaper, A 
 Sealer, A Cbauff-wax, A Comptroller of the Hanna- 
 per, twenty four Curfitors, and a Clerk of the Sub- 
 pcena-writs. Others concerned in the Bills ex- 
 hibited - there 7 a Protonotary, the Six Clerks or 
 Attorneys of the Court, and a Regifter. 7 ’here 
 are alfo the three Clerks of the petit bag. Clerk 
 of the Prefentations, Clerk of the Faculties, Clerk 
 for examining Letters-Patents, Clerk for Difmij- 
 fions. See. _ 
 
 There t was another Court which fprung out The Courtw 
 of the King’s Privy-Council, call’d the Court is^c!* 
 Requefls, from the addrefles of Petitioners de- ' ’ 
 liver’d there ; where private caufes || were heard || Are, C 
 as in Chancery, if firft prefented to the King 
 or his privy Council j and fometimes otherwife. 
 
 In this Court, bufinefs f was adminifter’d by 1 
 the Mafters of the Requefts, and a Clerk, or Re- 
 gffer, with two or three Attorneys. As for 
 thofe Councils fwhich were heretofore"! held in 
 the Marches of Wales, and in the North, I will 
 treat of them, God willing, in their proper 
 places. 
 
 The Chief Spiritual Courts, are j Theii}'»oJ',Spiriwd 
 which is call’d the Convocation of the Clergy, 
 
 and 
 
cclvii 
 
 The Law-Courts of England. 
 
 cclviii 
 
 Court of 
 Arches. 
 
 and is always held at the fame time with the 
 Parliament j and the Provincial Symdsy in each 
 Province. 
 
 After thcfc, are the Courts of the Archbi- 
 fliop of Canterbury i namely, tlie Court bf 
 Arches ; the Judge of which is tiie Dean of the 
 Arches, fo call’d from St. Marys Church in 
 London, famous for its arclsd fleeple. All Ap- 
 peals within the Province of Canterbury are 
 made to him ; fbut this, not properly as Dean 
 of the Arches, in virtue of which title, Eriftly 
 fpeaking, he has Jurifdi<5tion only over di- 
 vers Peculiars in the City of London; but as 
 he is alfo Official Principal to the Archbifhop.l 
 
 * Now, above There are in this Court * fixteeii Advocates, or 
 twenty, more, as the Archbifhop fhall think fit, all of 
 
 them Doctors of Law ; with two Regifiers, and 
 I Ten, C, f thirty-four Prothrs for more, if the Arch- 
 bifhop pleafes.l 
 
 The Court of The Court of Audience, where all complaints, 
 Audience, caufes, and appeals of the Bifhops of the Pro- 
 „ -vince, are receiv’d. 
 
 The Court of Court of Prerogative ; where a Com- 
 
 *^H°fedita- milfary judges * of the Eftates of Perfons 
 tibui. deceafed, whether inteftate, or with Will 
 
 TheCoui;t of Court oi Faculties ', manag’d by a * Ma- 
 
 * pi/Sia cognizance of the Requefls of 
 
 thofe who defire that the rigour and feverity of 
 the Canon-law may be moderated , and by a 
 Regifler, to record fuch Difpenfations as arc 
 granted. 
 
 As to the Court of Peculiars (which has ju-The Court of 
 rifdidion in certain parifhes exempt from the 
 Bifhop of the Diocefe where they lye, and pe- 
 culiarly belong to the Archbifhop, with other 
 things of lefs note) I omit them : For X confefs 
 it was imprudent in me, to dip at all in fub- 
 jefts of this nature ; but Guicciardin encourag’d 
 me in it, by doing the like in his defeription 
 of the Netherlands. 
 
 I intended here to infert fome few things, 
 chiefiy concerning the Antiquity of the great 
 Officers of the Realm ; the Chancellor (of whole 
 Office we have already faidfomewhatJeheTreiz- 
 furer, the Prefident of the Coumll, the Keeper of 
 the Privy-Seal, the Lord Great Chamherlain, tlie 
 Lord High Conflable, the Earl Marfhal, the Lord 
 Steward of the Kings Huujhold, &c. But lince I 
 hear, that this is defign’d by other hands, I am 
 fo far from defiring to toreftal them, that 
 I fhall mofi: willingly impart to the Under- 
 takers, whatever obfervations 1 have made upon 
 thofe heads. 
 
 k k 
 
 A Pofthu- 
 
cclix 
 
 ology. 
 
 - '■■■ ■ 
 
 , 
 
 A 
 
 Pofthumous Difcourfe 
 
 concerning the 
 
 Etymology, Antiquity, and Office 
 
 O F 
 
 EARL MARSHAL of ENGLAND. 
 
 Written in Englifti by Mr. Camden. 
 
 U C H is the uncertainty of 
 Etymologies, that Arguments 
 drawn from them are of leaft 
 force, and therefore call’d by 
 an antient Grecian, Ma’flygji 
 as proofs only which 
 do nothing but fet a good face 
 on the matter. Neverthelcfs, whenas Plato 
 \s'ill have them admitted, if there be a confo- 
 nancy and correfpondence between the name 
 and the thing named, we will produce three 
 Etymologies of this W ord Marjhal^ wherein the 
 name is or hath been anfwerable to the Office 
 in fome part or other, in fignification. For the 
 word Marejcallus is ufed for a principal officer 
 in the court ; in the camp, for a Ferrar, and an 
 Harbinger. The Germans, from whom the 
 word was firfl borrow’d, call’d him MarefcaJk j 
 the Latins mollifying the fame, MarefcaSus the 
 office, Marefcalcia : The French, Marefcaux j 
 and w'e Martial. All, deduced from the Ger- 
 man ELirefcalk ; which according to the receiv’d 
 opinion is compounded of Mare, oi mark, which 
 do both, fay they, fignify an Horfe ; and Scalk, 
 which doth not fignify skilful, as forae will, 
 but an Officer, Servant, or Attendant. So 
 Godfcbakk is interpreted God*s fervant ; and in 
 the old German nunc dmittas fervum, this word 
 Servus is tranflated Scalk. So that jointly the 
 word notifieth an officer and attendant about 
 horfes. This Etymology is confirmed firft, by 
 the Laws of the AUamanni ; If any Marfml, -who 
 has the Care of twelve Horfes, kill any perfon, let 
 him pay four Shillings. Then, out of Choniates, 
 who writing the life of Baldwin, Emperor of 
 Conftantinople, faith, that this word Marefcal- 
 dos noteth him, wLom the Grecians call’tl nf^- 
 losesiTaf, which, according to the name, doth 
 
 fignify him which marclieth foremoft before the 
 Army. To maintain this Etymology, thev 
 fay, it may not feem ftrange, that fo high an 
 office as it is now, fliould be derived from 
 horfes ; whenas all preferment in antient time, 
 as one faith, had the firfl rife from the Stable ; 
 and fuch as were there brought up, proved moft 
 feryiceable horfemen ; and many other names* 
 which time hath advanced to high dignity, 
 had very mean and fmall originals. But this 
 Etymology lieth open to fome obje<aions, as, 
 that the Marflials now have no command over 
 the horfes or liable i but certain it is, that in di“ 
 vers offices, albeit the fundions are altered, the 
 name remaincth. And as Varro writeth, Equi- 
 fo among the Latins doth not only fignify Ma- 
 iler and Ruler of the hories, but alfo of all other 
 things committed to his cliarge ; fo accordingly 
 it is to be fuppofed, this word Marjhal, not 
 only to fignify an Officer of Horfes, but alfo of 
 other Civil and Military matters appropriated 
 to his fundion. It is faid alfo, that Mare doth 
 not fignify an Horie in the German tongue, 
 but, as in our’s, that which is more ignoble in 
 that kind, and that names are to be impofed d 
 potiori. ^ And albeit it is moil certain out of 
 Paufanias, that Mare fignify ’d an Horfe to the 
 old Gauls, as it doth llill to our Britains their 
 defeendants ; yet they fay it is unfitting to com- 
 pound one ^ word of two different Languages. 
 But Quintilian iheweth the contrary in Epi- 
 rhedium, Anti~cato, Biclinium, Epitogium ; being 
 compounded of Greek, Latin, and other 
 Tongues : and to this Etymology do they in- 
 cline, which will have the Marflial to be call’d 
 in Latin, Magifer Equitum, rather than 'Tribu- 
 nm Militum. 
 
 There 
 
ccixi 
 
 cclxii 
 
 Antiquity. 
 
 Epift. 14.. 
 
 Earl Marflial of England. 
 
 There is alfo another dedudion of Marfhal 
 from Muer, the Latin word Major, and Sda, 
 which ligiiiheth a Kings-court in the High- 
 Dutch; for chat they were Magijiri Domks, 
 and principal officers tor ordering the Court. 
 
 I'hcre is a third derivation of this name from 
 Marke, as it fignitiech a Marche, bound, or li- 
 mit, and ScaLk, which is Minifier, as we faid 
 before. From Mark in tliis fenle we have 
 ihio tor a Lord Marcher, and Mark-grave in 
 the very fame fenfe : and therefore he reliech 
 upon this opinion, which caileth the Marfhal in 
 Latin, Prator Comitatus Auguftalis, as being the 
 civil Judge within the limits of the Court, 
 which we call now the Verge ; for that the 
 Verge or Rod of the Marfhal’s authority ftretch- 
 eth to fir : and they alfo, which have the Mar- 
 flial call’d in Latin, Dejignator cafirorum : for it 
 was incident to his office to be as it were an 
 harbinger, and to appoint limits and lodgings 
 both in war and peace. Of thefe Etymologies 
 happily one may be true, happily none. 
 
 When this word enter’d firll into England, 
 I cannot refoive. I do not find that our Saxons 
 ufed it, or any other name equivalent unto it, 
 unlefs it was Stal-here, which lignifieth Mailer 
 of the Stable; but that may feem rather aii- 
 fwerable to the name of Conflable ; yet Efgar, 
 ■who was Stal-here to King Edward the Confef- 
 for, writeth himfelf in a donation to Waltham, 
 Regia Procurator aula', where-s William Fitz- 
 Osborne, in the Chronicles of Normandy, is 
 call’d the Marfhal. 1 believe, that William 
 Tailleur the Author fpake according to the 
 time he lived in, and not according to the time 
 he wrote of. Faucliet, a learned-man in the 
 French Antiquities, faith, the name of Marfhal 
 was firfl heard about the time of Lewis le 
 Groffe, who was in time equal to our King 
 Henry the firfl, and Stephen of England, and 
 from thence doubtlefs we borrow’d that name, 
 as many other. The firfl Author that ufed the 
 word in England, was Petrus Blefenjts, Chancel- 
 lor, as he was then called, but indeed Secretary, 
 to King Henry the fecond of England, who 
 ufed this word MarefcaSm for an Harbinger, in 
 thefe words, complaining of them ; Vidi plurh 
 vios, qui Marefcallis jnanum porrexerunt liberalem ; 
 hi, dum hofpitium poji longi fatigationem itineris cum 
 pliirimo labore quafiffcnt, cum adhuc ejfent eorum 
 epula femicruda, aut cum jam forte federent in 
 menfd, quandoque etiam cum jam dormirent in fira- 
 tis, Marefcalli fupervenientes in fuperbid. d?' abufime 
 abfcijjh equorum capiflris ejeBifque foras fine de- 
 left & non fine jaciura farcinalis, eos ab hofpitiis 
 turpiur expellebant : U.e. “ I faw very many, who 
 reach’d out a bountiful hand to the Mar- 
 “ fhals. When they had, with much ado, 
 found a Lodging after the fatigue of a long 
 “ journey, and while their meat was half raw, 
 or perhaps while they were fitting at Table, 
 
 “ nay, fometimes when they were afleep in 
 “ their Beds ; the Marfhals coming upon them, 
 
 “ would, in a fupercilious and abufive way, 
 “ cut the Collars of the Horfes, and throw out 
 “ the loading without diftindion and not with- 
 out damage, and turn the people out of their 
 “ Lodgings in a fhameful raanner.l 
 
 The firfl mention, that I find of a Marfhal 
 in record, is, in the red book of the Exchequer, 
 written in the time of Henry the fecond, whidi 
 hath reference unto the time of King Henry 
 the firfl : Regis avm, that is, Henry the firfl, 
 jeofavit Wiganum MarefcaUum fuum de tenementis, 
 qua de eo tenuit per fervitium Marefcalcia fua, & 
 Rex reddidit ea Radulpho filio IVigani, tanquam 
 MarefcaUo fuo. ii. e. “ The King’s Grandfather, 
 viz. Eknry the firfl, enfeoffed Wigan, hxs 
 
 “ Marfhal, in certain Tenements, which he 
 “ held of him by Service of the Marfhalfie ; 
 
 “ and the King reflored them to Ralph, fon 
 ‘‘ of Wigan, as his Marfhal^ What Marfhal 
 this was, I cannot determin. The fecond men- 
 tion of Marfhal is in the firfl of King John, 
 and hath alfo a reference to the time of King 
 Henry the firfl, in this Charter, where King 
 John confirmeth the office of Marfhal, unto 
 William Marfhal Earl of Pembroke, in thefe 
 w ords : fobannes Dei gratik, ejXc. Sciatis ms cOn- 
 cejfljfe, & prafenti noflrd cartn confirmaffe dileBo & 
 fideli noflro fViUielmo MarefcaUo Com. de Petnbroco 
 dr haredibm fuis, Magiflratum Marefcalcia curia 
 noflra, quern Magiflratitfn Gilbertm MarefcaUm 
 Henrici Regis avi Patris mflri & 'Johannes filim ip- 
 fim Gilberti difrationaverunt coram pradiBo Rege 
 Henrico in Curik fud contra Robertum de Venoiz,, 
 contra Willielmum de Haflings, qui ipfum magiflra- 
 tum calumniabantur j ^ hoc judicio, quia defece- 
 runt fe d reBo ad diem, quern eis conflituerat pra- 
 diBus Rex Henricus in Curia fuk, ficut carta ipfius 
 Regis, quam vidimus, teflatur. \i. e. “ John, by 
 “ the Grace of God, d^c. Know ye, that we 
 have granted, and by this our prefeiit Char- 
 ter, have confirm’d, to our well beloved and 
 “ faitlitul William Marfhal, Earl of Pembroke, 
 
 “ and to his heirs, the office of Marfhalfie, in 
 “ our Court ; which office, Gilbert, Marflial of 
 “ King Henry our Grandfather, and John, f>ii 
 of tiie faid Gilbert, claim’d before the faid 
 King, in his Court, againfl Robert de Ve- 
 “ nois, and William de Haflings, who alfo 
 “ claim’d the fame office ; and in this Judg- 
 “ ment, becaufe they did not make good their 
 “ Claim, at the day which the faid King Hen- 
 “ ry appointed them, as the King’s own Char- 
 “ ter, wffiich we have feen, witnelleth— — 1 
 
 Here is to be noted, out of thefe authentick Earls Mar- 
 Records, that there were Marfhals in the^*^* 
 time of King • Henry the firfl, anfwerable in 
 time to the firfl Marfhals of France ; that there 
 were more Marfhals than one ; and, that Wil- 
 liam Marfhal, Earl of Pembroke, had only Ma- 
 giflratum Marefcalcia Curia, that is, Marfhalfie of 
 the King’s Houfe : which office was fo long in- 
 vefled in that Family, that it gave them a fir- 
 name ; as alfo to other families, which have 
 been Marfhals in great Houfes : and laflly, 
 that it was given to William Marflial and his 
 heirs, and fo it was challenged by them as he- 
 reditary. Neverthelefs it is certain, that the 
 next fucceeding King, Henry the third, took 
 away that office from Richard Marfhal, the 
 fon of the faid William ; for, among the grie- 
 vances of the faid Richard, he complain’d, as 
 appeareth in the Hiflory of Thomas Rudborne, 
 that the King, in thefe terms, fpoliavit me of- 
 ficio Marefcalcia, quod haredharib ad me pertinct 
 & poffedi, nec aliquo ad iUud me reflituere voluit re- 
 quifitus. [i. e. “ Depriv’d me of the office of 
 “ Marflial, ‘S^hich belongs to me in riglit of 
 Inheritance, and which I was in poffieffion 
 “ of; and would by no means reflore it to me, 
 
 -when demanded.1 Happily upon this grounds 
 which Rigordus the French Hiflorian writeth 
 in this age of the Marflialftiip of Fr.ance, Ha- 
 reditaria fuccefflo in talibus officiis locum non habet. 
 
 [i. e. Hereditary Succeffioii hrf>s no place in fuch 
 Offices.! And after he was dead, and his bre- 
 thren, his five fillers and co-heirs, which, as 
 appeareth by the partition, had every one a 
 thoufand five hundred and twenty pounds year- 
 ly rent, began to contend about the office of 
 the Marfhalfhip, and the Manour of Hamfled- 
 Marfhal, in the County of Berkfhire, belong- 
 ing to the fame; Roger Bigod, fon of the 
 eldefl Daughter, with great difficulty obtained 
 
cclxiii Earl Marlhal of England. 
 
 Office. 
 
 the fame. For as Matthew Paris writeth i 
 Multiflicatis intercejfmihuSy concejfa ejl Marejcal- 
 cid cum officio & honorey Comiti Kogero Bigody ra- 
 tione Comitijfa fiUa Comitis magni Williehni Mare- 
 fccidi frimogenita, matris fucs. f?. e. “ Upon re- 
 “ pcated interceflions, the Marflialiie, with the 
 “ Office and Honour, was granted to Earl Ro- 
 “ ger Bigod, in right of his mother, the Coun- 
 “ ids, who was eldcft Daughter of the great 
 “ Earl William MarBial .1 His nephew, Roger 
 Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, was enforced to furren- 
 der to King Edward the firft this office, with 
 all his' inheritance in Ei^gland, Ireland, and 
 Wales, for certain infolencies againft the King : 
 and this Roger, or his Unkle Roger, was he, 
 which firft ftiled himfclf, as pride is higheft 
 when downfal neareft , MarejeaUus Anglix \ 
 whereas all his Predcceflbrs ufed no ocher 
 ftiles than the fimple addition of Marefcallus, 
 as Gulielmusy Rkhardus, Gilbertus, MareJeaUus, 
 Comes Pembrocia.A.i\d. no doubt, but as the great- 
 nefs of William Marfhal the elder, called the 
 Great Earl, \s’hich he had gotten in the miiro- 
 rity of King Henry the third, gave the firft 
 greatnefs to this office , fo there was a far 
 greater accefs of dignity thereunto, when King 
 Edward the fecond granted to Thomas of Bro- 
 therton, his half Brother, a Prince of the 
 blood, the lands of Bigod, and ftiortly after the 
 office of Marflialfhip with the rights thereunto 
 belonging, and performing the fervice accor- 
 dingly. After the death of Thomas of Bro- 
 therton, we find William Montacute Earl of 
 Sarum, Thomas Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, 
 Henry Lord Picrcy, John Fitz-Alaiic, Lord 
 Matravci'S, Thomas Holland Earl of Kent : 
 And then T’homas Mowbray, right heir unto 
 Brotherton, had the office of Marftial of Eng- 
 land, with the name, ftile, title, ftate, and 
 honour, granted unto him in the twentieth year 
 of King Richard the fecond, de ajfenfu Parlia- 
 menti Jibi& hxredihusfuis jnafcuUs de corpore. [i.e. 
 “ By alfent of Parliament, to him, and to 
 “ the heirs male ot his Body begotten."] Yet, 
 ucverthelefs, the next year after, he being ba- 
 niflied, it was granted to Thomas Holland 
 Duke of Surrey, as amply as it was to him j 
 that he might as well bear in the prefence as 
 abfence of the King, a Rod of Gold, enaraePd 
 at both ends, with the King*s Arms in the up- 
 per end, and his own in the lower end. Af- 
 terwards, according to the alteration of times, 
 fometimes the Mowbrays, and the How- 
 ards, defeended from them ; fometimes others, 
 by interruptions upon fundry occalions, enjoy- 
 ed the fame dignity. 
 
 What belonged to that office anciently, I 
 have read nothing ; but that at the Corona- 
 tion of Ring Richard the firft, William Mar- 
 flial Earl of Pembroke carry ’d the Royal 
 Scepter, which had the Crofs on the top ; and 
 at the coronation of Queen Eleanor, Wife to 
 King Henry the third, the Marflial carry’d a 
 Rod before the King, made way both in 
 Church and Court, and orderM the Feaft, as 
 Matthew Paris writeth. There is a Treatife 
 carry’d, about the Office of the Earl Marffiat 
 in the time ot King Henry the fecond, and a- 
 nother of the time of T'homas of Brotherton ; 
 where I find, contufedly, w'hat belonged to 
 them in court and camp : As in Court, that at 
 the Coronation, the Marfhal fhould have the 
 King's horfe and harnefs, and the Queen's pal- 
 frey ; that he fhould hold the Crown at the 
 Coronation that he fliould have upon high 
 feafts, as the high Ulher, the table-cloths afid 
 cloth of ftate for that day ] that he keep the 
 hall in quiet ; that he fhould bring offenders 
 
 within the Verge before the high Steward; 
 that he fhould affign lodgings, and when the 
 King palled the fea, each man to his fhip; 
 that he fhould have for his livery three winter 
 robes at Chriftmas, and three fummer robes at 
 Whitfuntidc ; that he fhould allow but twelve 
 common women to follow the Court (in wiiich 
 fervice, I fuppofe, he had Hamo de Gaynton his 
 fubftitute, which was called Marefcallus mere- 
 trkum ; by which fervice, he held the manour 
 oiCateJhalim the County of Surrey ;) that he 
 fhould have a Deputy in the Kings-Bench ; that 
 he fhould keep Vagabonds from the Court. 
 In Camp, that he fliould lead the forward ; that 
 the Conftable, with him, fhould hold courts in 
 camp ; that he fhould have certain fpecial for- 
 feitures, as armour and weapons of Prifoners j 
 to appoint lodgings; to be abroad till all be 
 lodged ; to have fees of armourers and vidual- 
 lers of the camp ; to have all the armour and 
 whole cloth of towns taken by compofition ; to 
 have ranfom of Prifoners efcaped, if they be 
 taken again ; with many fuch like, too long 
 here to be fpecily'd : And, in Peace and IVar, 
 the Marfhal fliould execute the Conftable’s 
 commandments in Arrefts and Attachments ; 
 and that appeareth by the procefs between 
 Grey and Haftings. In the fecond ftatute of 
 Weftminftcr, held 13 Ed. I. when many grie- 
 vances of the Marfhal were complain'd of, it 
 was ordain'd in thefe words, Marefcallus de quo- 
 libet Comite & Barone integ-ram Baroniam tenente, 
 de uno palfrido jit contentus, vel de pretio, quale an- 
 tiquittis percipere cenfuevh, ita quod fi ad homa- 
 gium, quod fecit, palfridum vd pretium in jorma 
 pradiSia ceperit, ad militiam fitani nihil capiat. Et 
 Ji forte ad homagium nihil ceperit, ad militiam fu- 
 am capiat. De Abbatibus & Prioribiis integram 
 baroniam tenentihus, cum homagium ant fidelitatem 
 pro Baroniis Juis fecerunt, capiat palfridum vel pre- 
 tium, tit prccdiSium ejl. Hoc idem de Archiepifeopis 
 & Epifeopis obferuandum ejl. De his autem, qui 
 partem Baronies tenent, jirue /int Religioji, jive Secu- 
 lares, capiat fecundnm portknem partis Barcnia, 
 quam tenent. De Religiofs tenentibus in liberam 
 elymofynam, dr non per Baroniam vel partem, nihil 
 de astero exigat Marefcallus. \i. e. “The hlarftial 
 “ of every Earl and Baron holding by an en- 
 “ tire Barony, fliall be contented with one 
 “ Pallrey, or with the Price of it, fuch as he 
 “ hath ufed to have of old : fo that, if he took 
 “ a Palfrey, or the Price of one, at the doing 
 “ of his Homage, in form aforefaid, lie fhall 
 “ take nothing when he is made Knight : and 
 “ if he took nothing at the doing ot his Ho- 
 “ mage, when he is made Knight he fhall 
 “ take. Of Abbots and Priors, holding a 
 whole Barony, when they do Homage or 
 “ Fealty for their Baronies, he fhall take one 
 “ Palfrey, or the Price, as afore is faid. And 
 “ this fhall alfb be obferv’d amongft Archbi- 
 “ fhops and Bifhops. But of fuch as hold 
 “ but one part of a Barony, whether they be 
 “ Religious or Secular, he fhall take according 
 “ to the Portion of the part of the Barony that 
 “ they hold. Of Religious Men that hold in 
 “ free Alms, and not by a Barony, nor part 
 “ of a Barony, the Marfhal from henceforth 
 “ fhall demand nothing. And about that time, 
 were fet down all tlie Droites belonging to the 
 Earl Marfhal, in a Roll, which w as laid up in 
 the Wardrobe ; but that vanifhed fhortly after. 
 For as it appeareth by Record, in the eigh- 
 teenth of Edw’ard the third, the King direded 
 a brief to the Barons of the Exchequer, of the 
 fees, and all things elfe belonging to the office 
 oi Earl Mar ffial and they returned in their 
 certificate, annexed to the Brief, nothing -but 
 
 certain 
 
Earl Marllial of England. 
 
 cclxvi 
 
 certaiil petty allo\%-anct'S of money, wine, can- 
 dles for the Marpaly and Magifter MareJcallpUy 
 :md Norths jour Marpals for everyday, quafa- 
 dant berbergeriam. And out of the red book ot 
 the Exchequer, they certify in thefe words t De 
 offuio Marefcakia j'urvivit Gilbertm MarefchaU 
 Comes de Strigaly cujm esi officmn tumultm fedare 
 in domo RegiSy liberationes hofpitiorum facerey oflia 
 mix Regis cufiodire. Accipit atitem de quolibet^Ba- 
 ronefdh Milite a Rege & quolibet Comite ea die 
 paijredum am fella, fi. e. ‘‘ In the office of Mar- 
 ‘‘ fhairy,/^^^;^^ William Marfhal Earl of Strigah 
 ivbofe duty it iSy to appeafe Tjumults in the King s 
 “ Houfcy and to make delivery of LodgingSy and to 
 “ keep the Gates of the Royal Palace. He hathy oj 
 “ every Baron who is made Knight by the Kingy and 
 “ of every Early that dajy a horfe, with the Saddle."". 
 And by an inquifition taken about the iith of 
 
 Henry the fifth, it appeareth, that there be- 
 longeth to the Earl Marpals difpofing, the 
 ofEce of tlie Marfbal in the King^s-Bench, the 
 Marpal of the Exchequer, with the office of 
 the Cryer before the Marflial, and the Marpal 
 of the Hall of the King's Houfe, and fome o- 
 ther fuch Places. But the greateft encreafe of 
 the authority of this Office hath been, fince 
 there were no Conftables : for the Kings, fince 
 that time, have referred many matters to them, 
 which in former times were proper to the Con- 
 fiable. Neither had the Marfhal any preceden- 
 cy in refpeft of his place, until King Henry 
 the eighth, in the 3 ifi year of his reign, by Par- 
 liament afllgned him place next to the Lord 
 Conftable, and before the Lord Admiral. 
 
 WILLIAM CAMDEN. 
 
 Another Difeourfe concerning the Original and Succeffion of the 
 Earls Marlhals of England. 
 
 Written in Englijh hy Mr. Camden. 
 
 Original, 
 
 Succelllon. 
 
 O M E Learned men, which 
 have diicourfed of Offices 
 and Magiftracies , in re- 
 fpeft of fome conveniencies 
 in military matters, have 
 thought the office of Marfhal 
 in our age, to be anfwerable 
 to that of the Ttribuni militum in the ancient 
 Roman ftate j and of the Protofirator in the late 
 ftate of the Greek or Eaftern Empire. ^ But 
 this name of Marflial now in ufe, w'hich in 
 procefs of time hath afeended unto fo high a 
 dignity, began at fuch time as the Goths, Van- 
 dals, Franks, and other Northern people over- 
 flowed Europe, who fetling themfelves in tlie 
 provinces of the Romans, liking well their po- 
 licy and government, began not only to imitate 
 the fame, but aifo to tranflate their titles of 
 civil and military dignities into their own 
 tongues; fo they tranflated, retaining the fig- 
 nification; Limitanei Duces into Alarche-grafesy 
 Scutati into Sbield-KnightSy Prajellm Palatii into 
 Senefcbalky Comes Stabuli into Mar-flaHery Mini- 
 fier Dei into Gods-fchalkey PrafeSius Equitum into 
 Mar-fchalk. For all they, who have lately tra- 
 ced out Etymologies, do confent, that as Mar 
 and Mark lignify a horfe ; fo Schalk fignifies a 
 Ruler, an Officer, or Provoft. But the French 
 mollified this harfh concurrence of confonants, 
 and have made of Senefcbalky Marfchalky &c. 
 Senfchal and Marfhal. This name_ (albeit hap- 
 pily the office might be) was not in ufe in this 
 realm in the Saxon government; only they had 
 their Stallery which by fignification and autho- 
 rity of Hifiorians, doth feem to be all one with 
 the Confiable. But as this name came out of 
 Germany with the Franks into France ; fo out 
 of France, firft arrived here with the Normans: 
 
 and Roger de Montgomery, which was Mar- 
 fhal of the Norman army' at the Conqueft, is 
 accounted the firft Marfhal of England. 
 
 For fome years after, there is in Hiftories no 
 mention of this office, until in the confufion under 
 King Stephen: when, as Maud Fitz-Emprefs, for 
 ftrengthening of her part, made Milo, Earl ot 
 Hereford and Conftable of England ; fo he, 
 for afl'uring his faftion, made Gilbert Clare, 
 Earl of Pembroke and Marfhal of England, 
 
 with the ftate of inheritance, who in refpeeft of 
 his ufual habitation at Stryghall, was commonly 
 called Earl of Stryghall; in which office, his fon 
 Richard, firnamed Strongbow, fucceeded, who 
 firft opened the way to the Englifli for the con- 
 queft of Ireland, by whofe only daughter and 
 heir, it defeended to William Marlhall, who 
 had by her five fons, which died all without 
 ilTue ; and five daughters, the eldeft of them 
 named Maud, to whom, in the partition, was 
 affigned the office of Marflial of England, with 
 the Manner of Hampfted-Marflial, which, as 
 it is in old records, the Marfhals held in Mare- 
 fcaugihy & per virgam Marefcballm. 
 
 This Maud was married to Hugh Bigod Earl 
 of Norfolk, whofe fon Roger, in right of his 
 mother, was Marfhal of England ; and after 
 him Roger Bigod, his nephew by the brother, 
 who incurring the difpL^fure cf K.ing Edward 
 the firft, by denying to ferve him in Guienne, 
 praiftifing to hinder the King’s expedition into 
 Flanders, and difl’uading the Commons to pay 
 fublidies impofed by Parliament in that refpe£t, 
 for recovery of the King’s favour, furrender’d 
 up to the King for ever, both his Earldom of 
 Norfolk, and office of Marfhal of England ; 
 which King Edward the ftcond granted to his 
 brother Thomas of Brotherton, from whom it 
 came inheritably to Thomas Mowbray, Earl of 
 Nottingham, whom King Richard the fecond 
 created Earl Murpal of England ; whereas in 
 former time they were ftiled only Marflials 'of 
 England: and fo from the Mowbrayes to 
 Howards, late Dukes of Norfolk. Yet this 
 office hath not fo defeended without interrup- 
 tion in the aforefaid families, but that upon 
 disfavours and attainders, it hath been often- 
 times conferred upon others, as appeareth by 
 this Catalogue of them, wherein they are fet 
 down fucceffively. 
 
 The Marflials of ENGLAND. 
 
 Roger de Montgomeryy Earl of Shrewsbury. 
 
 Walter Giffardy Earl of Buckingham. 
 
 Robert Fitz.-Edey bafe Son of King' Henry I. 
 
 Gilbert de Clarey Earl of Pembroke. 
 
 Richard his Son, Earl of Pembroke. 
 
 L 1 Wtlliatn 
 
cclxvii Earl of England. cclxviii 
 
 William Mafh^H the eldev, Earl ot Pembroke. 
 
 his Ion, E.irl of Pembroke. 
 
 Richard his brother^ Earl of Pembroke. 
 
 Gilbert his brother, Earl of Pembroke. 
 
 Walter his brother, Earl of Pembroke. 
 
 Anfelme his brother, Earl of Pembroke. 
 Ro^erEigod, Evirl of Norfolk. 
 
 Roger, his brother's fon, Earl of Norfolk. 
 Roger, Lord Clifford. 
 
 Nicholas, Lord Segrave. 
 
 ‘Thomas Brotherton, fon to King Edward the 
 firft, Earl of Norfolk. 
 
 William Montacute, Earl of Sarisbwy. 
 
 Thomas Beauchamp the elder, Earl of Warwick. 
 Edmund Mortimer, Earl of, March. 
 
 Henry^ Lord Percye. 
 
 John Fitz.-Alan, Lord Maltravers. 
 
 Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, half Brother to 
 King Richard the fecond. 
 
 Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham. 
 
 Thomas Holland, Duke of Surrey. 
 
 John Montacute, Earl of Sarisbury. 
 
 Ralph Nevill, Earl of Wefimoreland. 
 
 Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham, 
 
 John his brother, Duke of Norfolk. 
 
 John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon. 
 
 John Mowbray, Duke of Norf olk. 
 
 John Mowbray his Ton, Duke of Norfolk. 
 Richard, fon of King Edward the fourth, 
 Duke of Tork and Norfolk. 
 
 Thomas Grey, Knight. 
 
 John Howard, Duke of Norfolk. 
 
 William Marquifs Berkeley, and Earl of Not~ 
 tingham. 
 
 Henry Duke of Tork, fon to King Henry the 
 feventh. 
 
 Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, afterwards 
 Duke of Norfolk. 
 
 Omrles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. 
 
 Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk. 
 
 Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerfet. 
 
 John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland. 
 
 Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, reftored. 
 
 Thomas Howard his Nephew, t late Duke of-f- So fa!d 
 Norfolk. ann, 
 
 George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. 
 
 Robert Devreux, Earl of Efjex, defcended from 
 E-va de Breofa, daughter and co-heir of 
 William Marffal, Earl of Pembroke, by the 
 Bohuns, Earls of Hereford and EJfex, and 
 from Ralph Bigod, brother unto Roger Bigod, 
 Marfhal, by Lacy, Verdon, and Crophul. 
 
 \Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel and Surrey. 
 
 Henry Howard, fon of Thomas aforefaid. 
 
 Thomas Howard, fon of Henry, and Duke of 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Henry Howard, brother of the lafl Thomas j 
 and to the heirs male of his Body. 
 
 Henry Howard, fon of the lafl Henry. 
 
 Thomas Howard, the prefent Duke of Norfolk.! 
 
 f Conclufon General Defer iption of BRITAIN. 1 
 
 Under what 
 Sign Britain 
 lies. 
 
 >Ome perhaps will expeft to be 
 told from the Aflrologers, un- 
 der the influence of what Sign 
 andP/tfKefourBritainlies. lam 
 not wholly a flranger in thofe 
 learned Errors; and therefore 
 fbrrhefatisfadion of the Curi- 
 ous, I willfayforrething; tho’ the conjeftures of 
 Aflrologers are fo different in this point, that 
 the variety of opinions feems to fhake the rea- 
 lity of the thing, and to leave no room even 
 for truth. M. Maiiilius, an ancient Poet, in- 
 timates that Capricorn prefides here, according 
 to that verfe. 
 
 Tu, Capricorne, regis quicquid fub foie cadente 
 Expofitum. — 
 
 rhou, Capricorn, prefidefl o*re 
 What e re lies on the Weflern fhore. 
 
 Ptolemy, Albumazar and Cardan, made Aries ; 
 John de Muris w'ould have Saturn ; the Frier 
 Perferutator, Efquidus , and Henr. Silenus, 
 make the Moon,the ruling Planet, becaufe it is, 
 as they fay, in the feventh Climate. Roger of 
 Hereford, Thomas of Ravenna the Philolo- 
 ger, and Hifpalenfis, prefer Pifees. To con- 
 clude, Schonerus and Pitatus fubjed us to Ge- 
 
 ' mini upon no better grounds than tlie reft ; fo 
 that there is no manner of agreement among 
 them. 
 
 NOW, by God's afliftance, I will begin my 
 journey through the Counties of England ; in 
 which (according ro the old Wifh at firft fetting 
 out) may Succefs and Happinefs attend me. 
 
 In my Defeription of each County, I will fhew The method 
 with as much plainnefs and brevity as I can, 
 who were the ancient inhabitants, what was the 
 rcafon of the name, what are the bounds of the ’ 
 County, the nature of the foil, the places of 
 greatefl antiquity, and of greateft eminence at 
 prefent ; and laftly, who have been Dukes or 
 Earls of each, fince the Norman Conqueft. In 
 the fucceflions of the Earls (to own ingenuoufly 
 the affiftance which I have had) I muft freely ac- 
 knowledge that Thomas Talbot (a perfon excel- 
 lently vers d in the publick Records, and a 
 compleat mailer of our Antiquities) has given 
 me very great light. 
 
 I will begin this work at the remoteft point 
 weftward, tliat is, at Cornwall, and thence will 
 proceed to a Survey of the other Counties ,* in 
 imitation of Strabo, Ptolemy, and the moft 
 ancient Geographers, who in their deferiptions 
 always begin at the moft Wefiern parts, as firft 
 from the great Meridian. 
 
THE 
 
 COUNTIES 
 
 O F 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 AND 
 
 WALES. 
 
xr 
 
 fahte ofy 
 
 explanation 
 
 f V- figures itiy Map 
 
 IIJU 
 
 SfAtchel 
 
 k 
 
 t6 Trejanyan 
 
 ■if 
 
 ij fenten G-allon 
 
 il Bar 
 
 tS S^CIcmcnt 
 
 ds eiiJ cf 
 
 to .\Larthcr 
 
 SiuTTt et 
 
 z 0 Trewardyno ck 
 
 in gram 
 
 XI Comely 
 
 fall Cci'c 
 
 Z3 Killiov 
 
 r-,0 
 
 i ; Trethurfo 
 
 Tnioht 
 
 xdTt ahan 
 
 Bore 
 
 xelragardon 
 
 
 xOTra/tllian S' 
 
 r 
 
 xy Si Staghens 
 
 tok 
 
 x8 Trcmatcn 
 
 cl 
 
 xg Shillinghani 
 
 JpCIX' ^I'luitS of Iitnc 
 
 
 
 ^ere :Yafc/ in a/l/ Jlajys Th^c .Harks 
 Stgnifie ^...Harket Town 
 ,'iTariJh 
 
 0 jil*illa^i or .Uamlet 
 ^ An Ahby or Religious Tlace 
 £ ATaJlll 
 
 1 A.^oufe ^ ^ ^ 
 
 . ■iller'cotttt '■ 
 J\i/AJiatnntcn 
 
 TON- 
 
 Q C^ct'tvn 
 
 fTStra^nn Centery‘Jl>elbof^ 
 
 5h;3ttoii.--'‘’/ 
 
 ~'^L<nitxcetJj‘ 
 
 ^'Tfuirl:l>ai\ / ^ 
 
 •kam i i , .. ,W 
 
 Bort’fv^X^^ridaruel 
 'l’/ialciber,yi^^^ Sere ^ { 
 
 f^Lmigford V; 
 
 Ml 1l'i>l/te’i\o.derris t 
 
 Senlcnc° -.^rc/rw ^ > 
 
 o Dvxavd ;• j. o \0-a-anaect 
 
 ji».w : . 4«vW> ^""“"42 
 
 /> ,1. ® lacohj-ten/ '*T. cuiefait 
 
 -. olcalUe .1 otterhaui. . .t^,,, ■/■.,, BRED. 
 
 S,JItn/h'r Ji / jji, B^rtcrtJ-- 
 
 •eralga- }^Jlfu/eC .-• fV‘l L A.” 
 
 Tfwaiyrf ^ 3-^^>eo}Af t ^ S T 
 
 N o-wTH a ,, A 
 
 ^ ]/fenetndIa > ,-, "i -,- 
 
 /fd'Iiatli :(^o ^ ^ ^ laJytrtiirOjM’^ ^ --^ ^ r..^,. 
 
 
 -oTTgun^er ogfrcherad^A ^-ttcthor 
 
 Jfrefern °Saimo^J^^fpur^cttmX^a.tt\e Itbrct- 
 i^Advtnkj/ ' 
 
 Trvaedu / — X Alfcmon 
 
 fTrejver 
 
 £ ? — j3 
 
 , Pet/iillii ^Frsatiii, 
 
 ,/ \ '- \A. Uic/iacl 
 
 Treneiuh 
 
 oSayiilK'n 
 
 yj^rennar jp j 
 ,,, ^Colan-y 
 
 ■i t ti/v.ym 
 
 'Tra.iis/ ^ yenedor 
 Mi.vkm 
 
 Fenhal'^. , '' ^ ""FUdcd:^ 
 
 o ^ SMer - ' - - 
 
 ■Uel-iJor 
 
 fell 
 
 ..^ColomU^ / 
 
 a5\rr.;;W/.vA„i:^ /R 
 
 Frc.yuth °/^SI.a,„.L 
 S^JdennS ^y-^V-'idnal 
 
 fejVJx* Srtdo n 
 
 Laiuiceflv-.i je — ^ — r > 
 
 [a/uden\ W 
 
 Xau//is\^diern'iit k,fZaieiiWvn 
 Byenel o\ , \Sradden 
 
 •' \t I *r • X •• oA d:e/7t,iA--.^>^'‘'^"g^ 
 
 . 1^-^' N .J,t/,„r,ial T> ^ E I> Y \ 
 
 '-._.viflAv':i|i'c{bi(;clQ* V 
 
 ^ oPendre f taraeen f\ 
 
 ^B/i/Iand / Saaean^^^S. 
 
 ' £cretkaml\ Xiimair 
 
 i> ^ \CheSyrwT:f^»’-‘:s \3rtda 
 
 ■^T'jyRX 
 
 __Suchcrertf- 
 Penjharst i^/Cca'di'naham 
 
 i / AVarieedf 
 
 Sodmul 
 
 ,fi,uheUv i, L 
 
 f"'"*'" f.yju£cct 
 
 Scritief .i ■• 
 
 . ftani^L 
 
 r.uu/n/ 
 
 _ ... _ . —— We 
 
 .. j^kecAe Za/fa/ynTn V 
 .. .,' -4?- I-'eftWtbiel AMysEiAi TopkeuleJ 
 
 ~^f c, [XAndiipanf J ~^PeIenia<ten/si-ade.:i: 
 
 - -^Si-jih.u! luadiM, f , • X ir Leji]s?ai-[).)*^feiS^ 
 
 Fruiduiwi; O£irt\o I Sarreto 
 ^■Xlaife \ 1,1^ 6olame.^ 
 
 
 ^ Gmnipoiul 
 
 CreaT^^-aurf 
 
 JXernath 
 
 vl%\. ’Cr^cajS^ 
 
 ^Titlaton Clifiei 
 
 \Jtninahetii 
 
 laurr 
 
 SacaneeA J- \oIanre»t ^.ha/p-etia/t W^^j^kSh.] Landi/p, 
 
 •IT”-** f'"'‘t 
 
 •rmthick\^ _ r.,f\ I I 0 J-auActutk 
 
 ureviimcK\y~^ 
 
 '»/K-A " UM-^jTrmUj: 
 
 
 kojAu rfy ^ 
 
 • Badreaam 
 
 "’^Tclnart 
 
 \ " Parti^s‘^Jr,.^^OtharSrUy 
 
 V’e/huviA ;j d 
 
 \ SaJ^“\. ' 
 
 i.dorval \ Shariakc jfl ^ u 
 
 ^ HmJ-'f£%;Shlh„ltri ,„ , Xj6_i5 
 
 - '-. % -r •> j 
 
 Vi!L.ir(* - - -- J/ Tregenek ^ 
 
 •Saltaili j 
 
 ary Say 
 
 Tertil/v 
 
 Ui^'‘ 
 
 irt-*' 
 
 
 1^' 4 ^ S i ^ 
 
 II ll'l 
 , II I -,1 
 
 A \jw^ani,o' 
 
 Jrehmnt ^ 
 
 , \\7cltXoW”^ 
 
 Mnicllos Tall/and 
 
 iTan 
 
 Xittagute 
 
 ^ipe>yvd 
 
 “i? 
 
 y 
 
 
 J^Ans 
 
 . .H-dcek 
 
 Antanv^ 
 
 ^ Aakar 
 
 , ,lr 
 
 Tame 
 
 5 
 
 ^ y -f' 
 
 J? ^ 
 
 H 
 
 C H ^ 
 
 
 
 A. Scale of to Jdiles 
 
 I — iJ 2 j «*. Si B, o,- 
 
 fi. S. £. y, S, p_, 
 
 1 
 
I 
 
 2 
 
 D A N M O N I L 
 
 HAT TraBj which according to Geographers is as it were the firji of all 
 Bricainj reaching out a long way to the IVe/i, and contratled hy little and 
 little i is bounded on the North by the Severn-Sea, on the South by the Bri- 
 tifli Ocean, and on the Wefi- by S. George’s Channel- It was formerly 
 inhabited by thofe Britains, who are called in Dunmonii, in Ptole- 
 
 my Damnonii, or^ as they are more correElly term'd in other Copies, Dan- 
 monii. JVhich name, if it be not deriv'd from the inexhaufible mines of 
 T inn, found in thofe parts and call’d by the Eritains Moi'na’, ^and fo im- 
 plies as much as a hill of mines, for which it bath been always more famous , 
 than for any other thing-, if, I fay, it be not derived from thence, itl proba- 
 bly comes from dwelling under the mountains. For throughout the whole Coun- 
 ty, they live low and in valleys, a way of dwelling that the Eritains call 
 Danmunich in which fenje, the very next County is term’d hy them 
 at this day. But whether the called alfo Oftxi Oftio- OlUdaiUnih 
 
 nes, and mention’d by Strabo out of PicTixas of Marfellls, be the fame with our Danmonii, 1 would de- 
 fire the Antiquaries to conpder a little more accurately. For (<w they tell us) they were feated in the remotefb 
 parts of Europe, upon the Wefiern Ocean, over-againp Spain, not far from the IJland Ufliant, or Ux- 
 antifla. Which circumflances do exaSHy agree in every particular, to this Country of the Danmonii. And 
 further, ftnce by Arcemidorus thofe Oftiones are called Coffini {as Stephanas in his Book of Cities has 
 hinted.) 1 would entreat them alfo to conpder, whether inpead of Collini we ought not to read Corini ‘ r* o' * 
 for this Country is alfo call’d Corini. After the fame manner, f Fufii is read for FurVi, Valefii /or 
 Valerii, rVetufius, for Veturius .1 If the Geographers exclude the Oftidamnii and ColSni from thisl^A. i.c.4, 
 place, it will be extreme bard to fnd any other for them upon the JVepern Ocean. fPancirollus in his Com- Liv. 1 . 3. 
 mentary upon the Notitia, thinks that the Tribunus Cohortis Cornoviorum ftould be read Cornubio- 
 rum, and jo makes that to be one of the Roman names of this TraSl bow truly, let others judge. But by 
 whatever names they were anciently called,^ their Bounds are divided at this day into two parts, Cornwall 
 and Devonfhire , of which in their order. 
 
 Duffneint, i. e. low valleys. 
 
 CORNWALL. 
 
 ORNTf'JLL, call’d alfo by 
 modern Writers in Latin Cor- 
 nubia, reaches out to the Weft 
 the fartheft of all Britain, and 
 is inhabited by thofe remains 
 of the Eritains, which Maria- 
 nus Scotus calls Hritains. 
 
 By them, in the Britifii tongue (for they have 
 not yet quite loft their ancient language^ it is 
 call’d Kernaw, as leftening by degrees like a 
 horn, and on every fide running out into high 
 Promontories, like fo many horns. For the 
 I and Eritains call a horn Corn, and horns in the plu- 
 ’• tal number Kern : tho’ others will have the 
 name Cornwall, deriv’d from one Corineus, a fup- 
 pofed Companion of Brute, and have it called 
 Corinia, according to that of the fabulous 
 Poet : 
 
 Tars Corinea datur Corinao, de duce nomen 
 Tatria, deque viro gens Corinenfis habet. 
 
 Cornwall by grant to Corinsus came ; 
 
 The Country from the Prince receiv’d its 
 name.- 
 
 Bur if you look into Antiquity, it is no new 
 thing for places to take their names from fuch a 
 ur!ca fKuation. In Crete and the * Precopenpan Cber- 
 onefus. fonefe, lome promontories are call’d x-ys ^iT&Tct, 
 Ram’s horns, becaufe like Ram’s boms they 
 fhoot forth into the fea. So, Cyprus was for- 
 merly call’d by the Greeks Cerapis, becaufe it 
 hangs into the fea, wich large promontories. 
 
 reprefenting Horns. fSo alfo the City Carnon, 
 otherwife Carna, was call’d meerly on account 
 of it’s ftanding upon an angle, cut out by 
 two high-ways that met there in a point 3 and 
 Corpea was call d by the Phcenicians, Carnatha j 
 which was afterwards mollify’d by the Greeks 
 into KsfMs-, all from it’s having 
 
 fo many Promoncories. And thefe names, be- 
 ing all in the Eaftern Countries, may feem to 
 favour an opinion produced by a |] later Author, j| Sa mmes 
 chat this County had the name originally Brit. p. 59, 
 from the Phcenicians, who traded hither for 
 Tinn ; cheren in their language being a horn. 
 
 For, befides that there is no other Promontory 
 in our llland of that name, tho’ the fiiape of 
 feveral would anfwer it very well (which ar- 
 gues, that it was no cuftom amongft the Bri- 
 tains, to give fuch names j ) befides this, 1 fay, 
 the nature of the thing feems to favour it : for 
 the form depending incirely upon the increafe 
 or decreafe of the fea-coaft. Sailors might 
 better difeover it at a diftance, than the inha- 
 bitants could do by land, or by the affiftance 
 of their little boats, with which they ply’d 
 only upon the very ftiores.T 
 
 But however this be, it is no wonder that 
 this trad fliould be called Kernaw and Corn- 
 ' fince it is like a horn, crooked, and (if I may 
 ^fofay) horn’d with promontories. On account 
 ;of which, in the times of the wars, when 
 'great numbers of the Eritains recreated into 
 I this country, trufting to the nature and fuua- 
 cion of it 3 (for, as for the land-roads, they 
 ■knew they were, by reafon of mountains and 
 A the 
 
D A N M 0 N I I. 
 
 the breaches made by iEftuaries, in a manner 
 unpalTable j and that chofe by fea, were ex- 
 treme dangerous to perfons altogether ignorant 
 of them;) then the Saxon Conquerours, who 
 in their language call’d foreigners and every 
 *Wealrh chat was ftrange^ * Wealh fas pealb*|3eo6 
 
 Camd * ^ foreign nation, pealh-prc6 an lnterpreter ,1 
 nam’d the inhabitants of this parr, Copn-pealap 
 and Wepc-pealaj*. From hence arofe the Latin 
 name CornwalUa, and in later writers Cornubia ^ 
 as alfo that of fome writers, Occtdua Wallia, i. e. 
 Weft-Wales. 
 
 TAnother Etymology of the name is from 
 Cam, which hgnifies in Britifh a rock ; and 
 it muft be own’d, this feems to be eafie and 
 natural. For, that the Place fuics this conje- 
 dure, is agreed by all ; and our Hiftories in- 
 form us, that when the Britains betook them- 
 lelves to thofe parts, they had a particular eye to 
 the rocks and mountains, as the moft likely places 
 for (helter fo eminent was that country for 
 them. Which opinion is the lefs improbable, if 
 we confider, that feveral of thefe rocky hills to 
 this day retain the name of Cam, as Carn-Innis, 
 Carn-chy, Carn-bray, Carn-margb, Carn-ulac, &c. 
 
 •* De Vitiis As to the fecond branch of the name, * FoJJius, 
 Serm. 1.2. ^ Buchanan, \\ Cluver, and others, rejeding the 
 ^ R°nim forementioned opinion of it’s coming from 
 Scotic?i?2. Wealb, have advanc’d another ; affirming it to 
 IlGerman.’ come from Gauk, by a change of Cg) into (w) 
 Anti<iu. 1. i.according to the German dialed. For (fay they) 
 9 * the Saxons coming over, and obferving them 
 to have the fame language with the Gauls, as 
 alfo the fame cuftoms and ways of living, 
 prefently term’d them Gaules, or Wauks, But, 
 befides that the Saxons could not be fo much 
 furpriz’d at this affinity, having by their piracies 
 for many years, got a tolerable knowledge of 
 *Soniner’s both nations j *thenameof Weallap was not 
 dollar. fiibverfion and expulfion of 
 
 the Britains. Bede calls them Britones, and in 
 Alfred’s Verllon of him we meet with Bpyccap, 
 and Bpeocene, Bpeuene, Bpycene, &'c. but 
 not a word of the Weallap or WalUa‘, whereas 
 to exprefs Gaule, we find Gallia, and Gallia- 
 pice. The firft mention of it is in the Laws of 
 King Ina, which were made at leaft a hundred 
 years after the extirpation of the Britains i and 
 when chat was effeded, what could be more 
 natural than to call thofe, peregrines, and extra- 
 neos, (pilgrims and travellers) whom they had 
 forced to quit their native Country, and to 
 look out for a new feat 
 
 So far is Cornwall from borrowing its name 
 from the conquering Gauls, as is urg’d by 
 fome Writers, out of complement to that Na- 
 tion. But if they were as knowing at home, 
 CornoTaille as they are inquifitive abroad, they would 
 inArmori- find that their Bretagne upon the fea-coaft, 
 called from ours ; and that a little 
 ® ' Trad therein call’d Cor»ox'<?i//e, where the Cor- 
 nifh language is fpoken, was fo named from 
 thofe of our Nation, who tranlplanced them- 
 Strabo. felves thither. For as thofe Weftern Britains 
 of ours, were affifting to the Armoricans in 
 France, in their wars againft Cafar (which 
 was indeed his pretence for the invafion of 
 Britain,) and afterwards, marching over thither, 
 and changing the name, call’d it Bretagne-, fo, 
 in former Ages, they fenc aids to their country- 
 men the Britains againft the Franks, and in 
 thofe cruel Danifii wars many of them went 
 over thither, where they left that more modern 
 name of Comovaille. 
 
 This County (as if nature had defign’d to 
 arm it againft the incurfions of the fea) is for 
 the moft part mountainous : in the bottoms it is 
 pretty fruitful of it felf ; but they make it 
 
 incredibly rich, with a fort of fea- weed called 
 
 Otewood. Orewood, and a fat kind of fea-fand. The fea- 
 
 coaft is beautify ’d with many Towns, which 
 are able to man out a conliderable fleer. The 
 inner parts abound with rich mines. For Tinn Tinn 
 CO the vaft advantage of the inhabitants, is 
 dug up in great plenty ; of which, houfehold 
 veffels are made (not inferior to filver in 
 brighenefs,) and carry’d for table-ufe to all parts 
 of Europe. They make their tinn of little 
 black ftones, which they either dig, or gather 
 off the fands, after they are waflic. Now, there 
 are two forts of thefe Stannaries or Metal- 
 
 works : one they call Lode-works, the other 
 
 The Sun. | 
 
 Stream works. The latter is in the lower places 
 when they trace the veins of tinn by ditching, 
 by which they carry off the water fehae would 
 otherwife break in upon them ;] the former 
 is in places that are higher, when they fink 
 the holes (called Shafts) in the mountains, to 
 a vaft depth, and work by undermining. In 
 both kinds, they fhew wonderful arc and in- 
 genuity, as well in draining the waters and 
 reducing them to one chanel • as in fupporcing 
 and propping up their pits ; not to mention 
 their arts of breaking, wafhing, melting, and 
 refining their metals chan which nothing can 
 be more ingenious. 
 
 That the ancient Britains dealt in Tin-mines, 
 is plain from Diodorus Siculus, who liv’d under 
 Auguftus j not to mention Timzus the , 
 
 rian in Pliny, who tells us, that the Britains 8, 0 j. ^ 
 fetch’d tinn out of the Ifle IBa in their little ’ 
 wicker-boats cover’d with leather. fFrom 
 whence, by the way, Cafar’s Portus locks, 
 called in fome Copies and in the Greek 
 Verfion ’'iultos and”Ox']»o? might have the 
 name, as being the chief Port to the Ifland 
 For Diodorus tells us, that the Britains 
 who liv’d in thofe parts, digging tinn out of a 
 rocky fort of ground, carry’d it in carts at 
 low water to certain neighbouring Iflands; 
 and that thence the Merchants tranfported it 
 into Gaule, and then on horfe-back in thirty 
 days to the fprings of Eridanus, or the city 
 Narbona, as to a common Mart, ^chicus too, 
 
 (he, whoever he was, that groundlefsly claims 
 the honour of being tranflated by St. Jerom,) 
 intimates the fame thing, and, adds that he 
 himfelf gave diredtions to thofe workmen. The 
 Saxons feem not to have medled with them, or 
 at moft, only to have employ’d the Saracens : 
 for the inhabitants to this day call a mine that 
 is given over, Attal-Sarifin, that is, the leavings 
 of the Saracens. 
 
 After the coming in of the Normans, the 
 Earls of Cornwall had vaft revenues from thofe 
 mines ^ efpecially Richard, brother to Henry 
 And no wonder; when Europe was not fup- 
 plied with tinn, from any other place. For, as 
 for the mines in Spain, the incurfions of the 
 Moors had Ihut them up • and the veins in 
 Germany (which too are only in Mifnia and 
 Bohemia) were not then difeover’d, nor open’d 
 before the year of Chrift 1240. At which time, 
 as a writer of that age has it, the metal called 
 Tinn was found in Germany (Jay a certain Cornifa 
 man who was hanijh'd his country,) to the gttat 
 damage of Richard Earl of Cornwall. FThe Tinn 
 alfo which is brought from the Eaft-Indies, 
 was but lately found out.l Afterwards, a 
 Charter was obtained for them by Edmund, 
 
 Earl Richards Brother, with feveral Immuni- 
 ties ; by whom alfo the Stannary-Laws were 
 tramd, and confirm’d under his own Seal, 
 laying a certain import upon the tinn, payable 
 CO the Earls of Cornwall. 
 
 Thefe Liberties, Privileges, and Laws r(parti' 
 cularly recited in Plewdens Commentaries , )1 Pag- 
 were afterwards confirm’d and enlarg'd byTl» « 
 Edward, who divided the whold fociety off„f ‘ 
 Tinners (til! then, as it were, one bsdf) into 
 
 four 
 
5 
 
 CORNWALL. 
 
 6 
 
 four parts, or quarters, call’d from the places, 
 Foy-morcy Black-more, Trcwarnaile, and Veniviih, 
 He confticuced one general Warden or Over- 
 leer over all the reft, to do juftice in caufes 
 both of Law and Equity, and to fet over every 
 company a Sub-warden, who every month 
 within their refpe6tive jurifdidions, are to 
 determin all controverlles ^ and fuch Sen- 
 tences, from the Stannum or tinn, are called 
 Stannary-Judgments : but from thefe, an Appeal 
 is fometimes made to the Lord Warden him- 
 felf. And left the tribute Ihould not be 
 duely paid, to the prejudice of the Dukes of 
 Cornwall (who, according to ancient cuftora, 
 for every thoufand pound of tinn are to have 
 40 (hillings I ) n is provided, that whatever 
 tinn is made, (hall be carried to one of the 
 + Now •{■ four towns appointed for that purpofe ; 
 
 where twice every year it is weigh’d, and 
 ftamp’d, and the impoft paid : and before 
 that, no man may fell or convey it away, 
 without being liable to a fevere fine. TThe 
 ftampis the feal of the Dutchy ^ and the Towns 
 are, Liskeard, Lefi-ivithiell, Truro, and Helfion 
 to which Penfans alfo is added and made a 
 Coynage-town. In Edw. iH’sticntiBodmyn made 
 up a fifth, but in the reign of Edw. 2. upon a 
 petition to the King and Council, made by 
 the men of Leftwithkll, it was given in favour 
 of the latter, and Bodmyn was deprived of that 
 privilege. There are alfo two other Coynages, 
 which the Tinners call Pofi-Coynages, and for 
 which they pay 4 d. for every hundred weight : 
 thefe are at Lady- day and Cbrifcmas. After the 
 Coynage and other legal duties are fatisfy’d, 
 the Tinner is at liberty to fell his tinn as he 
 thinks fit, except the King or Duke has a mind 
 to buy it for they have a right of Praemp- 
 tion. But cho’ Cornwall now has the greateft 
 (hare in thefe Mines, (there being little or no 
 tinn madQ \n Devonjhire;') yet in King John’s 
 time, there was more found in that County, 
 than in Cornwall. For it appears that the Coyn- 
 age of Devon(hire was then fee to farm for 
 100 1. per An. whereas that of yield- 
 
 ed but 100 marks. And according to this 
 131.4^1. proportion, the* tenth thereof is at this day 
 paid by the Crown, to the Bilhop of Exeter. 
 But K. John did not firft beftow thefe tenths 
 upon the Church (as fome fay,) for he only 
 reftor'd them, upon a complaint made by the 
 Bilhop, that thofe who rented the Stannaries 
 refus’d to pay him his due. 
 
 In the ;jd year of K. Edw. i. the Tinners 
 of Cornwall pray’d and obtain’d a Charter of 
 their Liberties, diftind from thofe of Devon* 
 (hire, according to the form of K. Henry’s 
 confirmation j and the Merchants buying tinn 
 in Cornwall, obtain’d a grant of 2 Coynages 
 yearly, that is, at the Feafts of S. John and 
 S. Michael i and from the dare of K. Edward’s 
 Charter the Tinners of Cornwall became a 
 feparace body from thofe of Devonfhire. But 
 the Officers of the Stannaries in both Counties, 
 under colour of their Liberties, ufing divers 
 oppreflions; upon complaint made, 5-0 Edw. 
 an Explanation of the Charters was made by 
 Ad of Parliament ; which was confirm’d, and 
 the jurifdidion of the Stannaries further re* 
 drain’d by a Statute in the 17 Car. i. 
 
 Prince Arthur, eldeft fon to K. Hen. 7. made 
 certain Confticutions relating to the Stannaries, 
 which the Tinners refus’d to obferve; and, 
 taking a greater liberty than was juftifiable by 
 their Charters, K. Hen. 7. ( who feldom let 
 flip any opportunity of filling his coffers) made 
 that a pretence, after Prince Arthur’s death, 
 to take the Stannaries into his own hands. But 
 finding chat they did not turn to fo much ac- 
 
 count, as he had propos’d, he was prevailed 
 with to accept of 1000 1. for all the pretended 
 Forfeitures ; granting them his Charter of 
 pardom By which Charter he farther granted, 
 chat no Law relating to the Tinners Ciould be 
 made without the confen: of 24 Stannators ; 
 and thofe to be chofen by the Mayor and 
 Council of a Borough in the 4 divifions, 6 out 
 of each. 
 
 In the working of thefe tin-mines, there 
 has been often found mix’d with the tinn, ano- 
 ther fort of Ore which was yellow, commonly 
 call’d Mundkk', negleified for a long time by ^hir.a-ck. 
 the Tinners j and when it was work’d along 
 with the tinn, went all away in a fmoak, which 
 was look’d upon to be very unwholfom. But 
 lately it has been try’d and wrought fmgly by 
 fome curious undertakers, and is found to turn 
 to very great advantage, by affording true 
 Copper. So that whereas before, the value of 
 the tinn made that negletfted ; now, the extra- 
 ordinary return that copper makes, is like to 
 leffen the value of tinn. This Mundkk, as in 
 fome refpe<fts it is very unwholfom, fo in 
 others it is a fovereign remedy. Where there 
 have been great quantities of it^ the working 
 in the mines was very dangerous, by reafbn 
 of the great damps and unwholfom fteams, 
 which often rifmg on a fudden, choak’d the 
 workmen. But for this it makes fome amends 
 by another effe<ft ,• for, being apply’d to any 
 wound, before it is wrought, it prefently heals 
 it ; and the workmen when they receive cuts 
 or wounds (as they often do in the mines) ufe 
 no other remedy, bur the wafiiing them in the 
 water, which runs from the A^«»^ic;& ore. But 
 if it be dreft and burnt, the v/ater in which 
 it is wafiied, is fo venomous, that it feflers 
 any fore, and kills the fifli of any river it falls 
 into.T 
 
 Nor is Tinn the only Mineral found here 3 
 but there is likewife gold, filver, and diamonds Cornifli 
 naturally cut into angles and polifli’d ,* fome Diamords, 
 of which are as big as a walnut, and only in- 
 ferior to thofe in the Eaft, in blacknefs and 
 hardnefs. fThey are alfo exceeding good, to 
 be cut into Seals, whether of Coats of Arms, 
 
 Crefts, or any other Device ,* having foftnefs 
 enough to receive the Inftrumenr, and hard- 
 nefs enough to retain the figure ; which they 
 do, better than filver, gold, or fteel, or per- 
 haps than any other ftone .1 Sea- bolme is found Sea-holme, 
 in great plenty upon the coafts ; and all man- 
 ner of grain, tho’ not without great induftry 
 in the husbandman, is produced in fuch plen- 
 ty, that it does not only fupply their own 
 neceffary ufes, but Spain alfo yearly with vaft 
 quantities of Corn. They make likewife a 
 very gainful trade of thofe little fiflies they 
 call Pylchards, which are feen upon the fea- Pvlchafds* 
 coaft in great fwarms, from July to Novem- 
 ber ; thefe they catch, fait, fmoak, barrel, 
 prefs, and fo fend them in great quantities to 
 France, Spain, and Italy, where they are a 
 welcome commodity, and are called Fumado’s. Fumado’s, 
 i”At one Fifliery, viz,, Moufehole, many times perhaps 
 800, fometimes 1000 Hogflieads of Fumado's,^'^'^y '^ 
 are faved in a year ; but they do not 
 them (as is ufually done with ocher kinds of 
 fifli i) the Entrails being the fatteft part, and 
 recommending the reft .1 Upon thefe, Michael 
 a Cornifti-inan fwho flourifhed in the year Ra!. Cent. 4. 
 i2fo, and was! by much the moft eminent N. 10. 
 
 Poet of his age, writing againft Henry of Wood Ant. 
 Auranches, Poet-Laureat to King Henry (who P‘ ^ 5 * 
 had play'd upon the Cornifli men, as the fag- 
 end of the world,) in defence of his country 
 has thefe verfes, which I (hall here fet down 
 for your diverfion : 
 
 Non 
 
7 
 
 D A N M 0 N I I. 
 
 ^on opus e/ tit opes numrem ejuihus eji opulenta, 
 Et per cjuas inopes fu/ientat non ope lenia : 
 
 Pifcibus & fianiio nuf^uam tarn fertUis era. 
 
 ’Twere needlefs to recount their wondrous 
 ftore, 
 
 Vaft wealth and fair provifions for the poorj 
 In fifli and tinn they know no rival fltore. 
 
 Nor is Cornwall more happy in the foil, 
 than in the inhabitants j who, as they are ex- 
 tremely well bred, and ever have been fo, 
 even in thofe more ancient times, (for, as Dio- 
 dorus Siculus obferves, hy conwrfation iviih mer- 
 chants tradwg thither for tinn, they became remar- 
 kably courteous to fir anger s fo.are they lufty, 
 
 ifout, and of aconipetenc Stature: their limbs 
 Wraftling, are well-fet ; and for wreftiing (not to men- 
 Hcsrling. tion that manly exercife of hurling the Ball) 
 they are fo eminent, that they go beyond all 
 other Countries, both in art, and firmnefs of 
 body. And the forementioned Poet Michael, 
 after a long harangue made upon his country- 
 men, telling us in his jingling verfe, how 
 King Arthur always fet them in the front of 
 the battel, at laft concludes ftoucly, 
 
 nos deterret ? fi firmiter in pede fiemus, 
 Fraus ni nos fuperet, nihil efi e^uod non fuperemus. 
 
 What can e’er fright us if we ftand our 
 ground ? 
 
 If fraud confound us not, we’ll all confound. 
 
 And this perhaps may have given occafion to 
 that tradition, of Giants formerly inhabiting 
 thofe parts. For Hauvillan, a Poet who liv’d 
 f four, C. t five hundred years ago, deferibing certain 
 Briiifh Giants, has thefe verfes concerning 
 Britain, 
 
 — litanibus iUa 
 
 Hauvillan, Sed paucis famulofa domus, e^uibus uda ferarum 
 in Ijis Ar~ Ferga dabant vefies, cruor haufius,pocula trunci, 
 ihtremum. Antra Lares, dumeta thorss, canacula rapes, 
 
 Vr<eda cibos, raptus Venerem, fpeLiacula cades, 
 Jmperium vires, animos furor, impetus arma. 
 Mortem pugna,fepulcbra rubus : monfirifq\gemebat 
 Monticolis tellus : fed eorum plurima trattus 
 Tars erat occidui, terror majdr^ue premebat 
 Te furor, extremum Zephyri, Cornubia, limen. 
 
 — " ■ Of Titan’s monftrous race 
 Only fome few difturb’d chat happy place. 
 Raw hides they wore for cloaths, their drink 
 was blood. 
 
 Rocks were their dining-rooms, their prey 
 their food. 
 
 Their cup fome hollow trunk, their bed a 
 grove. 
 
 Murder their fport, and rapes their only love. 
 Their courage frenzy, ftrengch their foie 
 command ; 
 
 Their arms, what fury offer’d to their hand. 
 And when at lafl in brutifli fight they dy’d, 
 Some fpacious thicket a vaft grave fuppiy’d. 
 With fuch vile monfters was the land op--y 
 preft, 
 
 But moft, the farther regions of the Weft 
 Of them thou Cornwall coo waft plagu’d^ 
 above the reft. 3 
 
 Wedern But whether this remarkable firmnefs of con- 
 ftirution (which confifts of a due temperature 
 ronge . moifture) be caufed in the Danmo- 
 
 nii, by the fruitful breezes of the Weft-wind- 
 and their wefterly ficuacion, (as we fee, in Ger- 
 many the Batavi, in France the Aquitani and 
 Rutheni, which lie furtheft to the Weft, are 
 moft lufty ;) or rather is owing to fome pe- 
 
 culiar happinefs in the air and foil is not my 
 bufinefs nicely to confider. 
 
 TAfter this account of the Soil, and the In- 
 habitants 5 we will proceed to their Triviledges, 
 and Language j in which they may feem, in 
 fome meafure, to be another kingdom. 
 
 To begin with the Priviledges. In the 2ip. , 
 of Elizabeth, it was order’d, that all charge i 
 
 of Cuftom (for tranfporting of Cornifti C/wfife) 
 upon any Englifii man within the Ducchy of 
 Cornwall, fhould be difeharg’d ; and chat for 
 the future no Cuftom fhould be paid for itj 
 This was firft granted them by the Black Vrince, 
 and hath always been enjoy’d by them, in con- 
 fideracion that they have paid, and do ftill pay, 
 
 4J. for the coynage of every hundred of tinn, 
 whereas Devonfiiirc pays no more than 8 d. 
 
 They have alfo the freedom to cake find out 
 of the fea, and carry it through the whole 
 County, CO manure their ground withal. * This* . 
 they enjoy by a Grant from Richard Duke 
 Cornwall, which is confirm’d An. 4^ Hen. 
 by chat King. Whereupon, in the next Reign, 
 on an Inquifuion made, we find a complaint 
 that Saltafi had lately taken yearly izs. for each 
 Barge that carry’d Sand up Tamar ^ whereas 
 nothing ought to have been demanded. 
 
 By this it appears, that ever fince Hen. 
 at leaft, this hath been the chief way of f .]• philofopb 
 proving their ground : and they ftill continue Tranfaa.^ 
 the fame niechod i carrying it ten miles up in- Numb. 113 
 to the country ; and a great part of the way,P^o-293' 
 upon horfe’s backs. Mr. Ray is of opinion, 
 that the virtue hereof depends chiefly upon the 
 fait mix’d with it ; which is fo copious, that 
 in many places fait is boyl’d up out of a Lixi- 
 vium made of the fea-fand j and the reafon 
 why fand, after it hath lain long in the fun and 
 wind, proves lefs ufeful and enriching, is, be- 
 caufe the dews and rain which fall upon it, 
 fweep away a good part of it’s fait. 
 
 They had likewife a privilege of trading to 
 all parts of the world, granted them by King 
 Charles 1. in recompenceof their Loyalty ^and 
 the fame King writ them a j] Letter of Thanks, 
 which begins thus i We are fo highly fenftble cfieyCaille, 
 the extraordinary merit of our County of CornwAll,S(^x,\.\^t{-, 
 &c. and concludes with an Order, to have it 
 read and preferv’d in every Church and Cha- 
 pel, throughout the County. 
 
 Their Government is now much the fame Govemmeoc 
 with the reft of England ; for in the 32 Hen. 8. of Cornwall 
 a Prefident and Council were eredled for the 
 Weft : but Cornwall and fome others, defirous 
 to be under the immediate government of the 
 Kin^ and Common Law, vigoroufly oppos’d 
 it j fo that it came to nothing. 
 
 Their Language too, is the Englifh ; andLangusg!. 
 (which is fomething furprizing) is obferved by 
 Travellers to be more pure and refin’d, than 
 that of their neighbours, Devonfiire and Somer- 
 fetjhire. The moft probable reafon whereof, 
 feems to be this ; chat Englifh is to them an 
 introduced, not an original Language j and 
 thofe that brought it in, were the Gentry and 
 Merchants, who imitated the Dialect of the 
 Court. Their neat way of living and houfe- 
 wifery, upon which they juftly value rhem- 
 felves above their neighbours, does probably 
 proceed from the fame caufe. 
 
 The old Cornilh Tongue is almoft quire 
 driven out of the Country, being fpoken only 
 by the vulgar in two or three Pariflies at the 
 Lands-end j and they coo underftand the En- 
 glifti. In other parts, the inhabitants know little 
 or nothing of it; fo that in all likelihood, a 
 ftiort time will deftroy the fmall remains that 
 are left of it. ’Tis a good while fince, that 
 only two men could write it, and one of them 
 no Scholar nor Grammarian, and then blind 
 
COR NW A L L. 
 
 lo 
 
 ) 
 
 wich age. And indeed, ic cannot well be 
 otherwile ; for, befide the inconveniencies com- 
 mon to them wich the Welfli (fuch as, the de- 
 ftrudion of their original Monuments, which 
 Gildas complains of ^ and the Roman Language 
 breaking-in upon them, hinted by the fame 
 Gildas^ wich Tacitus and Martial ■ ) befides thefe 
 (I fay) their language has had fome peculiar 
 difadvantages. One is, the iofs of commerce 
 
 and corrcfpondence with xht Armorkansj underCaufes of 
 Henry 7 i before which time, they had 
 tual interchanges of families and Princes wich°tj^^^® 
 them i and the prefenc language of that peo- 
 ple, * is no other in it’s Radicals, than the* Howell 
 Cornifhf and they ftill underftand one another. Let. 19. 
 The affinity between them, and the agreement 
 of Welfh with both, will be beft apprehended 
 by a Specimen of the Lord’s Prayer in each. 
 
 Cornifh. 
 
 Ny Taz, ez,yn neau, hovegas 
 yw tha hanaiv. Tha Givlakath 
 doaz,. Tha bonogatb bo g-wrez^ 
 en nore focaragen neau. Roe 
 thtnjen dpbma yon dytb bara 
 givians ny gan rabn weery cara 
 ny givians mens 0 cabin. Ledia , 
 ny nara idn tentation. Buz, dil- 
 'ver ny tbart doeg. 
 
 The Lord’s Prayer in 
 
 Welfh. 
 
 Ein Tad yr hwn -ivyi yn y 
 nefoeddy fanSleiddier dy enw : i 
 Deued dy deyrmas ^ bid d) t 
 ewyllys ar yddasar megis y mac I 
 yn y nefeedd dyro i ni heddyw t 
 ein bara beunyddiol ; a mad- I 
 deu i ni ein dyltdicn,fely mad- c 
 dewn ni i’n dyledwyr : ac nar r 
 ar^vatn mi brofe digaetb, eitbr 1 
 gwared in rhag drwg, ^ 
 
 Armoric.' 
 
 Hon Tat, petung fo en eoun, 
 ot'b Hano bez,et famtifiet De vet 
 de omp bo Rovdntelez, Ha vo» 
 lonte bez>ct gret voar an doiiar 
 euel en eoiin Rost dez,omp hinou 
 bor bara hemdezder. Ha par- 
 donnit dezomp hon effanfon eveU 
 ma pardon nomp d’ac re odeus 
 hon o^anfet. Ua nhon digafit 
 tjuel e tentation. Hoguen hon 
 delivrit a droue. 
 
 But they affirm the affinity in general, tolguage, as it will gratifie the Lovers of Anti- 
 be much greater than appears here. However, quity, fo will it prefetve to pofterity feme 
 the remains of the Cornifh being fo very nar- of that little we have ftill left, 
 row, the inferring the Cmd alfo in that Ian- 1 
 
 The Creed in Cornifh. 
 
 Me agreez in du Taz ollgologack y wrig en neu han noare. ffay» Jefu Creft y vabe har mu 
 arlyth any mnjtnyy, dor an fperiz fanz, geniz thart an Voz Mareea, fufferai dadn Pone Pilar 
 *ve goris dan Vernans ha betbis, ha tbes kidnias the yfFarn, y favas arta yn tryfa dyih ha fetb 
 war dighow dornjndue taz ollgologack, thurc ena eu ra dvaz tha juga yn beaw han varaw. Me 
 agreez yn fperiz fanz, fanz Cathalic Eglis, yn communion yn fans, yngivyans an pegh yn 
 dersvyans yn corf, ban Bowians ragnevtra. Andellarobo. raw 
 
 Another particular caufe of the decay of the 
 Cornifh Language, is, that when the A^ofU- 
 niformity was made, the Wellh had it in their 
 • own tongue ^ but the Cornifh, being in love 
 with the Englifh, to gratify their novelty, de- 
 fir’d (it feems) to have the Common Liturgy 
 in that Language. To which we may add a 
 third caufe, namely. The giving over of the 
 Guirimears, i. e. great Speeches, which were for- 
 merly us’d at the great Conventions of the 
 people, and confifted of Scriptural Hiftories, &c. 
 Thefe were held in the fpatious and open 
 Downs, wherein earthen banks were thrown 
 up on purpofe, large enough to enclofe thou- 
 fands of people, as appears by their fhape in 
 feveral places, which remains to this day. 
 
 Thefe (with the coming in of Artificers, 
 Trading-men, Minifters, c^c.) muft have con- 
 tributed very much to this general negle<ft of 
 their original language ^ fb that almoft nothing 
 now appears of k in their converfation, and 
 but very little in any old writing. Three books 
 in Cornifh, are all that can be found : One, 
 written in an old court-hand on Vellum, con- 
 taining the Hiftory of the Paffion of our Sa- 
 viour in 1036 verfes. Ic always has Crey? for 
 Chriji, according to the ancient Roman way of 
 aua. c. writing Cbrejfus for Cbrifius : fo t Suetonius, 
 Judaos, impulfore Chrefto, tumuituantes, &c. But 
 perhaps this may not be any mark of it’s Anti- 
 quity, becaufe the Cornifli pronounce ic Crefi. 
 By the characters and pidures, ic looks like 
 the time of Richard 3. or thereabouts ^ and po- 
 fitively determins againft Tranjubfiantiation. The 
 other two are cranferib’d out of the Bodleian Li- 
 brary 5 one is tranQated, and the other was 
 .Xdg- fome years fmee tranflating by the cw/7 f per- 
 
 fon perhaps who then perfeSlly underftood the 
 congue.T 
 
 Now let us deferibe the Promontories, cities, 
 and rivers mention’d by the Ancients, (for that 
 is our main defignj ) and beginning at the 
 utmoft promontory, cake a view of the Sou- 
 thern, then of the Northern coafts, and laftly 
 of the courfe of the river Tamar, which divides 
 this County from Devonfhire \ fhaving firft 
 obferv’d, that on a little Ifland feparated from 
 the Lands-end, fo as a Boat with Oars may 
 pafs between, flood Caren an Peale, commonly 
 called The Armed Knight. Caren fignifies a 
 rock, and Pek a Spire 3 which Spire was ten 
 fathom above the ordinary flux of the Sea, and 
 very narrow ac the top. In the year before the 
 beheading of King Charles the firft, it was pro- 
 digioufly cutoff by a ftorm, in that part where 
 ic was fourteen foot fquare 3 and falling, it 
 broke in three pieces.l But this, by the way. 
 
 The uemoft Promontory, which lies-out into 
 the Irifh Ocean, and is 17 degrees diflanc from 
 the Fortunate JJlands, or rather from the Azores) 
 is called by Ptolemy Bolerium, by Diodorus Bf-Belerlum or 
 lerium 3 poffibly from the Bricifh Fell, which Antiveftsum. 
 fignifies a thing very remote. Ptolemy calls ic 
 alfo ’AjTisjVoKor, or Antive^d-aum, and the Britains 
 Venrhinguaed, i. e. the Promontory of blood ; but 
 thefe are only the Bards, or Poets 5 for the 
 Britifh Hiftorians call ic Penwith, i. e. a Pro- 
 montory to the left j as the Saxons, Penpijj- . 
 
 Y^eopz ; Steort ^ with them figoifying ground Steort, what 
 uretchd out into the fea. From hence, the k fignifies, 
 whole Hundred is call’d Tmwith, and by the 
 inhabitants in their language. Pen ven lot, i. e. 
 the end of the earth ; in which fenfe the Englidi 
 cal! it the Lmdt end, as being the fartheft part 
 B of 
 
12 
 
 of the in.tnd weft-ward. Now if this Promon- 
 tory was ever call’d Hclcnum, as Volaceranusj 
 and the more modern writers affirm ; it was not 
 To nam’d from HeUnus Ion of Priam, but from 
 ?t» E/i«, which in Briuffi (as Ancon among 
 the Greeks) lignifics an elbow. For fince the 
 Greeks call’d crooked fhores, Ancones (which 
 Pliny affirnts of the Ancona in Italy,} it cannot 
 be any abfurdity to fuppofe that this winding 
 fhore was called in the fame fenle by the 
 Britains Ptn-Elh, and that thence came the 
 Latin Hslemm. As to the name Antivefianm, 
 
 I have fometiines doubted, whether it was not 
 of a Greek original. For obferving it very 
 common with the Greeks to call places, from 
 the names of thofe which were oppofite to 
 them (and that, not only in Greece, where they 
 have Rhium and Antirrhiarn but alfo in the A- 
 rabian gulf, where is Baccblum and Antibacchi. 
 urn, and in the gulf of Venice, Antibarrium, 
 diredfly facing the Barrium in Italy j) obfer- 
 ving thefe, I fee my felf to fearch, whether 
 there was any place oppofite to our Antivefia- 
 um, that went under the name of Vejb^el*m. But 
 finding nothing of that, I betook my felf to 
 the BrttiOi Language ^ and yet, there, can 
 meet with no fatisfatftion. The inhabitants are 
 of opinion, that this Promontory did once 
 reach farther to the Weft ; which the Seamen 
 pofitively conclude from the rubbifh they draw 
 up. The neighbours will tell you too, from a 
 certain old tradition, that the land there 
 drown’d by cheincurfions of the fea, was call’d 
 lionejfe. Eionejfe, 
 
 fTo which Opinion, of the Promontories 
 reaching further, thefe hints may perhaps con 
 tribute foniething of probability; That about 
 the middle w-ay becw’een LamPs-end and Scilly, 
 there are rocks call’d in Cornilh Letbas, by the 
 Englifti Seven-fiones \ and the Corniffi call that 
 place within the ftones Tregva, i. e. a dwelling ; 
 where it has been reported chat windows, and 
 other fluff, have been taken up with hooks 
 (for that is the beft place of fifiiing ; ) That 
 from the Lands-end to Scilly, is an equal depth 
 of water ; That $■ Michael’s Mount is call’d in 
 Cornifti Gareg cowfe in clowfe^ i. e. the hoary 
 rock in the wood,- Thac’ds certain, there have 
 been large trees, with roots and body, driven 
 in by the fea between S. Michael’s Mount and 
 Tenfance, of late years. To thefe we may add 
 a tradition, that at the time of the Inundation 
 fuppofed here, Trevelyan fwam from thence, 
 and in memory thereof bears Gules an horfe ar- 
 gent ijfuing out of the fea proper.1 
 
 In the uemoft rocks of this Promontory, 
 when they are bare at low water, there appear 
 veins of white lead and brafs : and the inhabi* 
 tants fay, there was formerly a watch»tower, 
 with lights for dirc<ftion of Sailors. It was 
 without doubt defign’d for a guide to the tra- 
 ders to Spain ; for Orofius has told us, that the 
 high watch-tower of Brigantia in Gallicia, of a 
 mofi admirable [irubture, was built ad fpeculam 
 Britannia:, chat is (if f apprehend him right) 
 either for the ufe of fuch as traded from Britain 
 to Spain, or elfe over-againft the watch-tower 
 of Britain : for there is no other place in this 
 . Ifland, that looks towards Spain. There now 
 a little Village csWd Saint Buriens, for- 
 merly Eglfs Buriensi i. e. the Church of Buriana 
 or Beriana, dedicated to Burianaj a certain Re- 
 ligious Irifii Woman. For this Country did all 
 along pay fo mudi Veneration to the Irifii 
 Saints as well as their own, that, between both, 
 there was hardly a Town, but what was con- 
 lecrated to feme one of them. There is a 
 Tradition that Ring Atbelfan gave it the pri- 
 vilege of a Sancftiiary, when he arriv’d here 
 from his Conqueft of the Scilly-Ipnds. However 
 
 it is certain, that he built a Church here ^ and 
 that in William the Conqueror’s time here was 
 a College of Canons, to whom the neighbour- 
 ing grounds belong’d. 
 
 rXhis St. Buriens is an independant Dea- 
 nery, formerly belonging to the Pope, and 
 feiz’d into the King's hands by one of the 
 Edwards, it contains within it’s jurifdiftion 
 the ParifiiGS of Burian, Zennen, and S. Leven ; 
 and the Bifhops of Exeter holding it in Com- 
 mendam, all Ipiricual jurifdiction is fo entirely 
 lodg’d in them, that there lies no Appeal 
 from them, but to the King diredly. Upon a 
 Tomb in the Church, is this Infcripcion, 
 
 The Infcripcion is old French ; and the im' 
 port of it Teems to be this, Clarice^ the wife of 
 Geffrei de Bolleit^ lies here ^ God of her Soul have 
 mercy. They who Jhall fray for her foufjhall have 
 ten dap of fardon. In this Parifii, is a place called 
 Bollait, to which there is no doubt but the 
 name on the Infcripcion refers. 
 
 Not far from hence, in a place call’d 
 wDune, are nineteen ftones plac’d in a circle, 
 about i 2 foot diftanc one from another^ and 
 in the center, there ftands one, much larger 
 than any of the reft. We may probably con- 
 jedfure this to have been fonie trophy of theM 
 Romans Under the later Emperors j or r(ifthe|S< 
 Romans never pafted the Tamar, f as indeed 
 there are neither Ways nor Coins to prove thaejj' 
 they did)] the Trophy of Achelftan the Saxon, 
 after he had fubdued the Danmonii. Dr- 
 
CORNWALL. 
 
 H 
 
 riiucyct it may be worth clie Reader’s en- 
 quiry ; whether it is not more probably an 
 ancient Sepuichrai monument of the Bricains i 
 efpecially, fince ir plainly appears from the 
 • ?Jeetntli:5inicripii\;ns of f other Stones thus fee up on 
 :ounty tin- end, that they were fuch. One particularly in 
 ler the ci- obfeiv’d by a * very learned perfon 
 
 li/unvyd (cncuiiipafs’d, indeed, with a inflead of 
 
 '' ‘ftones,) has an Infcription to this fenfe, 
 th:u awake.~\ 
 
 From hence to the South, the fiiore wheeling 
 in by iictle and little, makes a hay in form of 
 4our.t>bay. a ilcw-moon, call'd Mounts-bay \ where they 
 fay, that the Ocean breaking violently in, 
 drown’d the land. Upon this, lies Moufehole, 
 in Britilh, Port-Ims, that is, the port of the 
 Ifland fOrom an llland lying before it,)l for 
 which Che privilege of a market was procur’d 
 Jsrons of of Edward i. by Henry dc This, who had the 
 Dignity of a Baron, and was Lord of Ahverton 
 ’enfsns. and Tiu’frwj/ in this County. And i- e. 
 
 the head of the fand, for rather the head of the 
 J.unt ; for chat this laft is the right name^ appears 
 from the Arms of the town, which are, St. 
 John head in a charger. If this did 
 
 not pu; it beyond difpute ; it would not be 
 abfurd to imagin the original name to have 
 been Venfavas j which fignifies the bead of the 
 channel^ and agrees very well with the nature 
 of the place.l This is a little marker-town 5 not 
 Is. C- fyr from whence * was that noted ftone Main- 
 rtain.Am- which tho’ of a vaft bignefs, you might 
 
 (fone ol with your little finger ; noewithftanding 
 which, a great number of men could not re- 
 move it out of the place, fin the lare Civil 
 wars, it was thrown down by the Governour 
 of Fendtnnisj not without great labour in the 
 undermining. 
 
 Maddren’s In the parifil of Penfans, is (a) St. Maddren's 
 Vei). JVelf the cures whereof have been very remar- 
 V^'odlP * Bifhop Hall tells us, that a Cripple 
 
 who for 1 6 years together was forc’d to walk 
 upon his hands by reafon the finews of his legs 
 were contracted, was induced by a dream to 
 wafli in this Well ; which had fo good efFed, 
 that himfelf faw him both able to walk, and 
 to get his own livelyhood.1 
 
 "Sulvea'J. Next, upon this bay, ftands where 
 
 is the Tombftone of an ancient Britain, now 
 turn’d into a foot-bridge, and commonly called 
 the blew-bridge j on which, is this Infcription, 
 
 The name, probably, in Britifii, was Kynadhav 
 ef Icbdinow. 
 
 Upon this Bay alfo ftandsl Merktu^ i. e. 
 the market of Jupiter, becaufe a market is 
 there kept on Thurfday [Jupiter’s day ; ] but 
 this is no good harbour. In the very cor- 
 ner, \s S. Mlcbaer s Mount ^ which gives name toS. vW/fWs 
 the whole bay, call’d formerly Dinfof as ’cis 
 the book of Landaif; by the inhabitants Careg- 
 Cowfe^ i. e. a hoary rock ; and in Saxon fPycbel-Mychelftow. 
 pcop, i. e. Michads-place, as Nb«/ has Laurence 
 
 obferv’d, a perfon of great learnings who 
 t chelaft age did firft reftore the Saxon language + This, C; 
 fpoken by our Ancefiors, which had been quite 
 laid allde and forgotten. Here is a rock pretty 
 high, and craggy, which, when the tide is in, 
 is encompafs’d with water ; but when our, is 
 joyn’d CO the main land. Upon this rock, John 
 Earl of Oxford, not many ages fince, crulHng 
 CO the natural llrength of the place, forcify’d 
 himfelf againft K. Edward 4. and defended it 
 bravely, tho’ without fuccefs. For his Men 
 yielded upon the firft afiault of the King’s 
 party. Upon the very top of the rock, with- 
 in the Fort, was a Chapel dedicated to S. Mi- 
 chael the Archangel i and William Earl of 
 Cornwall and Moricon, who by the munifi- 
 cence of William tlie Conqueror held large 
 polfeffions in thefe parts, built a Cell there 
 for a Monk or two, who pretended that S. 
 
 Michael had appear’d in that Mount. But 
 this Vifion, the Italians alfo are very earneft 
 to fix upon their Garganus ^ and the French, up- 
 on their Michael's Mount \n Kormandy. Ac the 
 bottom of this mountain, within the memory 
 of our’*’ Grandfathers, as they were digging for* Fathers, C. 
 tinn, they met with fpear-heads, axes, and®''^*® 
 fwords of Brafs, all wrap’d-up in Linnen ; 
 the fame fort, with chofe found long ago in 
 Hircinia in Germany, and others of the like 
 kind in Wales. For ic is plain from the Monu- 
 ments of Antiquity, that the Greeks, Cimbri- 
 anSj and Britains, made ufe of brafs-weapons ; 
 notwithftanding, chat the wounds made by 
 them are lefs hurtful, on account of a medici- 
 nal virtue in Brafs ^ which Macrobius cakes no- 
 tice of from Ariftocle. Thofe ages were not 
 fo well verfed in the killing-arts, as ours is. In 
 the rocks underneath, and all along this coaft, 
 breeds x\it Pyrrhocorax, a Crow with a Pyrrhoco- 
 
 bill, and red feet ; which therefore is not pe- 
 culiar to the Alps, as Pliny imagin’d. "This^^^JjjJ" 
 Bird is found by the Inhabitants to be an Incen-'^^ ° 
 diary, and very thieving. For ic often fees hou- 
 fes on fire privately, and Reals pieces of mo- 
 ney, and then hides them. 
 
 In this place, the country is the moft nar- 
 row, and contracted into a fort of Ifthmus ; 
 there being fcarce four miles diftance between 
 this and the Upper or Severn-fea. A little 
 beyond the mountain, is a bay, pretty wide, 
 call’d Mountsbaf, from the mountain ; ic is aMountsbay. 
 very fafe harbour from the South and Souch-eaft 
 winds, and at low water is fix or feven fa- 
 thom deep. More to the Eaft, Rands Godol- 
 '.can [(they now call tc Godolpbin^ Jl a hill fa- Godolphin-. 
 Imous for Rore of tin -mines, but , much more bill. 
 
 (a) T knew not whether tins is a dlfUnft inftance, from another that is fald to be undoubtedly true. Two perfbns 
 who had found the preferiptions of Phyficians and Chirurgeons inelTeftual, went to this well faccording to the ancient 
 CLulom) on Corpus Lhrifii Eve, and laying a fmall offering upon the Altar, drank of the water ; lay upon the ground 
 •ill night 5 in the morning took a good draught more, and each of them carry’d away fome of the water in a bottle. 
 Within 3 weeks they found the effeft of it, and (their ftrengch increaling by degrees) they were able to move them* 
 felves upon crutches, Ne.\t year, they took the fame courfe, after which they were able to go up and down by the 
 help of a ftafi. At length one of ’em, being a fiiherman, was, and, if he be alive, is ftill able to follow his bulinefs, 
 Tlie other was a Soldier under Colonel IViBiam Godolphin, and dy’d in the fcrvice of King Charles I. 
 
 After this, the W’eli was fuperftiticujly frequented ; fo that the Reftor of the neighbouring Parifh was forced to re- 
 prove feveral of his Parifhiuners for ir. But, accidentally, meeting a woman coming from it with a bottle in her 
 hand, and being troubled with colical pains, he defir’d to drink of it, and found himfelf eas’d of that diftemper. 
 
 Theinftances are too near our own times, and too well attefted, to fall under the iufpicion of idle Traditions, or 
 legendary fables: But it is worth our obfervation, that the laft Inftancc dellroys the iWr>ai. 7 e • for if hewas cured upon 
 x.'cidentally tailing it, the Ceremonies of offering, lying on the ground, CS’f. contributed nothing ; and fo, the Virtue 
 of the water claims the whole remedy, 
 
 noted 
 
D A N M 0 N I I. 
 
 15 
 
 Heilfton. 
 
 Loo pole. 
 
 Family of noted for its Lords of chat name, whofs virtues 
 theGodol- aj-g no lefs eminent, than their Family is an- 
 ciem, Hand whofe honour, however confidera- 
 ble before, hath been greatly augmented of 
 late years by Sidney Earl of Godolphin, who 
 Was advanced by King Charles the fecond to 
 the Dignity of a Baron of this Realm by the 
 title of Barcn Godolphin of Kialton j and was 
 afterwards raifed to the more honourable titles 
 of Vifcount Rsalton and Earl of Godolphin^ by 
 Q. Anne ; in the firft year of whofe reign, he 
 was confticuted Lord Treafurer of England ^ 
 in the adminiftration of which high and im- 
 portant Office, his Abilities and Integrity were 
 equally confpicuoiis. Godoknac is laid by a 
 Sammes^m.late writer to fignifie in the Phcenician lan- 
 guage a place of Tinn.'\ But the name in Cor- 
 nifh comes from a White Eagle ; and this Fa- 
 mily has a long time born for their Arms, in a 
 jhield guleSj an eagle difplay’d between three flower- 
 de-luces argent. 
 
 From S. Michael's mount to the fouth, there 
 Jurts out a Peninfula ^ at the entrance whereof, 
 we meet with Heilfion^ in the language of the 
 natives Hellas^ from the fair-water thereabouts j 
 a town, famous for the priviledge of ftamping 
 tinn. And a little lower, by the conflux of a 
 great many waters, is made a lake two miles 
 long, call’d Loopole^ feparated from the fea by 
 a linle ridge running out, and when the vio- 
 lence of the waves breaks through that, it 
 makes a wonderful roaring all over the neigh- 
 bourhood. At a little diftance from thence, 
 there is a military Camp (they call it Earth,) 
 built in a large circumference of great ftones, 
 heap’d one upon another without mortar j fueh 
 as are to be met with, here and there, in other 
 places j and made, as Ifuppofe, in the Danifti 
 wars. Nor is it unlike thofe fortifications of 
 the Britains, which Tacitus calls a rude and 
 confus’d flruSiure of great ftones. The Peninfula 
 it felf (pretty large, and well (lock’d with little 
 villages,) is call’d Mtneg j without all doubt, 
 the fame with Menna, which Jornandes in his 
 Gitkks deferibes from Cornelius (1 know not 
 whether the fame with Tacitus,) a writer of 
 Annals ; and which fome Copies read Memma. 
 It is (fays he) in the furtbefl- part of Britain, and 
 abounds with feveral forts of metal ; affording good 
 paflure, and contributing more to the nouriflsment of 
 cattel, than of men. But as for what he fays of 
 it’s abounding with federal forts of metal, it is 
 now fo far from it, chat it feems long fince, 
 to have been quite drain’d. fThis Meneg, as 
 Sammes alfo the Ertb in ir, a late writer will have to 
 P- 59- be of a Phoenician original j the firft, from Me- 
 neog fignifying kept-in by the fea ; and the fecond, 
 from Arith, a common name, as he fays, for 
 lakes •, and this military fence being placed by 
 a lake, may well enough be fuppos’d to have 
 its denomination from thence.l it is by the 
 Seamen call’d the Lizard, by Ptolemy the Pre- 
 Ocriniim. wsontory of the Dannipnii, and Ocrinum ^ by 
 
 thicus, in that monftrous Geography of his, 
 Ocranum j and reckoned among the mountains 
 of the Weftern Ocean. I dare not be poficive 
 that it took it s name from Ocra, which (as 
 Sextus Pompeius has it) fignifies a craggy moun- 
 tho tis certain that Ocrea among the Alps 
 asalfo Ocriculum Interocrea, were fo called 
 front their fteep rough fuuation. But fince Ocbr 
 in Britifh fignifies an edge, what if we ftiould 
 luppofe that this Promontory had it’s name 
 from bung edg d and pointed like a cone ? 
 
 The fhore, fhooting-in again from this Me- 
 neg, makes a bay full of winding creeks fin 
 where is a (lone commonly 
 called Mawgan-crojs, with this infeription. 
 
 Menna. 
 
 Meneg, 
 
 ^lawgan. 
 
 The Charaifters are all plain, except the fe- 
 cond G in Gnegumi • who might probably be 
 fome Britifli Prince. A little further, the (hore 
 opensl to receive the fmall river yAe, upon 
 which, foniething inward, flood an old town 
 call'd Voluba, mention’d by Ptolemy. But itVoluha, 
 has, long fince, either loft it’s being, or it’s 
 n.ame ; which yet does ftill in fome meafure 
 remain in Volemoutb or Falemouth. I'his harbourfa/sBi(«,i,, 
 is as noble as the Brunduflum of Italy, and very 
 capacious : for an hundred fiiips may ride in 
 it’s winding bays at fuch diftance, that, from 
 no one of them, fhall be feen the rop of ano- 
 ther’s main-maft. It is alfo fecure from winds 
 being guarded on all fides with high creeks. 
 
 Ac the very entrance, there is a high uneven 
 rock, call’d by the Inhabitants • and each 
 fide of it is forcify’d with a Caftle, built by 
 K. Henry 8, for the fafecy of the place, and 
 terror of the enemy : that on the eaft, is S. 
 Maudit’s j and chat on the weft, Pendinas ; 
 which an Antiquarian Poet writes thus : 
 
 Pendinas tenet afperi cacumen 
 Celfum montis, intonat frequenter. 
 Maudici quoque fubfldet rotundum 
 Cafirum, dt' impetu fulminat furenti, 
 Tortus ofiia qua patent Falenfis. 
 
 High on a craggy rock Pendennis ftand?. 
 And with it’s thunder all the Port commands. 
 While ftrong St. Maudit’s anfwers it below. 
 Where Falmouth’s fands the fpacious harbour 
 (how. 
 
 J5UC tne naroour ic lelt is call’d by Ptolemy Cemoni 
 Centonis oftium\ without all difpute, from theolHum. 
 Bricifti word Geneu, fignifying a mouth and an 
 entrance : which Tregenie, the name of a townXregenif, 
 hard by, confirms ; as much as if one fliould 
 fay, a little town at the mouth ^ fif indeed there 
 is any occafion for the diminutive j as I am in- 
 form d there is not j and this is the more pro- 
 bable, becaufe "^TiraznA by contra<5lion frijinlSamme 
 the Phcenician, is fo far from fignifying any^"^’ 
 inconfiderable place, that ic denotes a Fort or 
 Cafile, The not knowing the fignification of 
 this word, feems in former days to have led 
 fome of the Cornifh Gentry into an error, in 
 caking their Coat-armour, according ro the im- 
 port of their name. Thus, Trefufis fwhich re- 
 aily fignifies a walled town or fortify’d place,) is 
 turned imo three fu(ils and fo, three /pW/ej are 
 m the arms of chat Family. Trenances, is a 
 place (>r town by a vale,* but becaufe ic founds 
 not unlike frej e»yef^ zfefl between three fwordsis 
 born by this family. Many more inflances of 
 chis^ kind might be given, efpecially where the 
 initial Ire (as if it were of a Latin original,) 
 nath determined them ro take three of whatever 
 they chule.l But to return. In the reign of 
 Charles the fecond, Charles Lord Berkley, 
 and \n<:.Qnnt.Fitzbr.rding, was in the 16th year 
 thereof created at the finne time Lord Botetort 
 and Ear of Falmouth ; but he lofing his life the 
 y^ear follovj-mg in the Sea-fervice againft the 
 uutch, ai^ leaving no ilTue-male, this Honour 
 wasextinft : In which year, an A<ft of Pariia- Scat. la- 
 ment was alfo paffed for the making of the^- "ij; 
 Church erefted here at Falmouth, a Parilh-^h® 
 Churdi, and no part of the Parifli of St. G/«- ’ 
 or Chapelry of St. Budodie. 
 
 There 
 
COR NWA L L. 
 
 i8 
 
 :land. 
 
 ffc. 
 
 There are fame towns which ftand upon the 
 yn. inner parts of this Harbour. Verytty a famous 
 market ; where Walter -Bronefcombe Bifhop of 
 Exeter;, An. raSS. built a Collegiate Church 
 zC.* (call'd G/a/w/t/j) fwith * thirteen Prebendaries i 
 as the Hiftory of the Foundation in the Leiger- 
 fcnack. Book of that College, exprefsly faith.l Arwe- 
 nack, the feat of the ancient and famous family 
 iro. of the Killegreivs^ Truro^ in Cornifh Truru^ fo 
 called from three ftreers, in a manner encom- 
 pafs’d with two little rivers; and diftinguifhc by 
 being a Mayor-town, and by the privileges it 
 ipound. hasin the bufmcfs of rhe Stannaries. Gram- 
 founJj the moft remote from the harbour; fro 
 the Burghers whereof, John of Eltham Earl of 
 Cornwall, in his Charter which is ftill extant, 
 granted and confirm’d the whole Ville of Gram- 
 fontj and all the lands of Coytfala^ which in the 
 Britifh fignifies Fala-wood: and, at this day, there 
 are certain Lands adjoyning to the town, and 
 within (he precincis of the borough, call’d Cois- 
 fala. Which remains of the old name, and the 
 fituation of the town, exadkiy agreeing with that 
 tuba, of Voluba in Ptolemy, feem to juftifie a Con- 
 jecture, that upon erecting the adjoyning bridge 
 ' over the river Vaky it exchang’d the name of 
 ! Voluba for Ponfmar ; by which name (in Britifli 
 fignifying a great bridgef) Edmund Earl of Corn- 
 i wall enfranchis’d it ; and this being put into 
 French, is exactly Granpond, or, as it is call’d 
 at this day, Grampond. Upon the fea-coaft at 
 »onan. fome diftance, is Trtgomn the feat of the Trt- 
 denhamsy an ancient and well-ally’d family.! 
 Below this, is Rofelandy a plot of ground lying 
 along the fea-fide ; fo call’d, as fome would have 
 it, from rofetum, a garden of rofes ; or, as others, 
 becaufe it is erkettm, a heath ; for Ros in Britilh 
 fignifies a heath. From whence Rojfe in Scotland, 
 and another Rojfe in Wales, have had their names, 
 
 I as being a dry, thirfty ground : but this, by 
 
 ; the induftry of the husbandmen, is made more 
 
 rich and fruitful. fNotwithftanding which Con- 
 jedures, this neither borrows the name from a 
 rofiy nor from heath ; but from Rofe or Rofsy 
 which is in Cornifb, a Vale or Valley. The 
 found of this word, implying fomething of a 
 ! rofe, and the beauty of that flower, hath led 
 fome Families into the fame error in their ta- 
 king of Arms, as the foremention’d Tre hath 
 ; done others. So Rofagan (which fignifies no more 
 than a white valleyy) took 5 red Rofes ; Rofcar- 
 rock (i. e. a rock in the valley j a rofe and i 
 tench ; Penrofe (i. e. head of the valley) a bend 
 fet about with rofes; with others of the fame 
 hidrock. kind. Farther up in the land, is Lanhidrocky the 
 feat of the Right honourable the Earl oi Radnor, 
 
 ' whofe Great Grandfather was created Baron of 
 Truro by K.Ch. r, and his Grandfather Earl of 
 Radnor by K. Ch. 2.I From Rofeland the fea im- 
 mediately follows- the dintings of the Land, and 
 makes a large bay, call’d Trueardraithbay, that 
 ' is to fay, The bay of a tovm at the fand. 
 
 \ Scarce two miles from hence, where the river 
 
 '©wy. pawey runs into the Sea, is FoM7-town,in Britifh 
 ’ Foath, ftretch’d along the creek : it was very fa- 
 
 mous, in former times, for Sea-fights ; the me- 
 mory whereof remains in the Arms of the place, 
 which are a Compound of all thofe of theCj»^«f- 
 ports. On each fide of the harbour, is a fort, 
 built by Edward 4; who a little after, upon a 
 difpleafure conceiv’d againft the men of Fowy, 
 for preying upon the French coafts, tho’ a 
 peace had been made with that kingdom ; took 
 from them all their fliips and Naval Scores. O- 
 ill. ver-againft on the other fide, Q.ani$Hall, 
 
 noted for it’s pleafant walks on the fide of an 
 nn. 1607. hiil, and | the feat of Sir William Mobun, Knight, 
 of an ancient and noble family ; defcended 
 oh'.trs. from the Mohans Earls of Somerfec, and the 
 Courtneiesy Earls of Devcnfliire : [Since which 
 
 time, it has been fold ; and the feat of the 
 Lord Mobun (while living) was at Boconnock. 
 
 Not far from Fowy, is Sc, Blaife, where is as. Blaift. 
 Crofs, by the Almes-houfe ; on two fides of 
 which are Infcriptions, as follow : 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 -cU 
 
 po 
 
 In the high-way, near Fowy, is a Stone,' 
 commonly called the Leng Stone, on which is 
 this Infcription : 
 
 'cjKvi I Vi' /T/c7ac I T 
 CYK'OWOWP/LiVS 
 
 
 The reading is, Cirufius hie jacit Cunomori file- 
 us ; for the w in Cunomori muft needs be an m 
 reverfed ; the letter w being but lately intro- 
 duced into any Alphabet. This man’s name 
 in Britifli was Kirys ap Kynvor ; and it is pro- 
 bable, that Vol Kirys (a village, within half a 
 mile of this Stone) received the name from 
 him. About a mile from the Stone, is a round 
 ditch, called Cafle-dore, where, within the me- 
 mory of man, Urns full of Aflies have been 
 dug-up ; and the like hath been heretofore 
 found in the neighbouring Parifll of Trewardritb .1 
 
 More within land, upon the fame river, UzelUi 
 ftands the of Ptolemy ; and it has nocThe BritaJM 
 yet quite loll the name, being called at this had not the 
 day Lejluthiell, from it’s fituation. For it was'®^'’®‘^ ** 
 upon a high hill, where is Lefiormin an ancient 
 caftle ; tha’, fince it is removed into the valley. 
 
 Now, uchel in Britilh fignifies high and lofty; 
 from whence the Uxellodunum in Gaul is fouxellodu- 
 nam’d, becaufe the town, as being built upon anum, in 
 mountain, has a fteep rugged afcenc every 
 way. This, in the Brkifh hiftory, is called 
 Pen-Uchcl-coit, i.e. a high mountain in a wood; 
 by which fome will have Exeter to be meant. 
 
 But the fituation of it in Ptolemy, and the 
 name it has to this day, do fufficiently fhew, 
 chat it was the ancient Uz>ella. Now, it is a 
 little town and not much frequented ; for the 
 channel of the river Fawey, which in the laft 
 age us’d to carry the tide to the very town, and 
 convey veflelsof good burthen, is now fo ftoptHow the 
 up by the fands coming from the portsin 
 
 char it is coo {hallow for barges : and indeed, Cornwall 
 all the harbours of this County are in danger J®-.'' 
 to be choak'd up by thefe fands. However it ^ 
 is the County-town ; where the Sheriff every 
 month holds the County-court, and where the 
 C ^ar- 
 

 D A N M 0 N 
 
 Leskerd. 
 
 Eodman. 
 + 2. C. 
 
 The book 
 
 Warden of the Stannaries has his prifon. For 
 it has the privilege of Coynage, by the favour 
 (as they fay) of Edmund Earl of Cornwall^ 
 who formerly had his Palace here. But there 
 are two towns which do greatly ecliple the 
 glory of this Uzella-^ Leskerd to the eaftj fea- 
 ted on a high hill and famous for an ancient 
 caftie, and a market : And Bodmnn to the north, 
 fcarce t four miles diftanr ; in Bricifti (if I mi- 
 ftake not} Bofuenna, and in ancient Charters, 
 Bodmlniam. This town is feated between two 
 hills, not very healthfully ; extended from 
 eaft to weft. 'Tis a noted market ; popu- 
 lous, and well built j and is diftinguilh’d by 
 the Privilege of ftamping tinn. But it was 
 formerly more famous for a Bi/hop’s See : For 
 about (he year 905-. when the difeipHne of the 
 X oc oouft Church was quite negledled in thofe parts, Ed- 
 of Winche. ward the Elder, by a Decree from Pope For- 
 Per Mona- mofus, fettled a Bifhop’s See here, and granted 
 the Bifhop of Kinon three villages in thofe 
 parrs, Polton^ Caling^ and Lanv/ttbam ; that he 
 might every year vifit the County of Cornwall^ in 
 order to reform their errors j for before that time, they 
 refified the Truth to the utmof, and would not fub- 
 mtt to the Afofiolical Decrees, \ Fob on is proba- 
 bly Paulton in S. Breague ; Lawhiiton ftill be- 
 longs to the Bifhop ; but where Caling was 
 Inqu.An. p.feated, doth not appear. The Manours men- 
 Edw. 2, tioned hereabouts to be the Bifliop’s, are Law- 
 bitton, S. Germans, Pawton, Pregaer, Penryn, and 
 Cargaul, without any mention of Caling. In 
 thofe Manours, the Bifhops had View of Frank- 
 pledge, and all other Privileges, except Hue 
 and Cry.l But afterwards, thofe difmal wars 
 of the Danes breaking our, the Bifiiop’s See 
 was tranflaced to S. Germans. Near Leskerd'^ was 
 a Church formerly called S. Guerir, which in 
 Britifh fignifies a Pbyfician j where (as After 
 tells us) iving Alfred, while he was in the 
 midft of his devotion, recovered of a fit of 
 ficknefs. But when Neotus, a man of eminent 
 Sandlity and Learning, was buried in chat 
 Church, he fo much eclips’d the glory of the 
 other Saint, that from him the place begun to 
 be call’d Neotes^ow, i. c. the place of Neoth, and 
 S. Neoth’s. now S. Neoth’j ; and the Religious there were 
 called Clerks of St. d^eot, who had pretty large 
 revenues, as appears from TAt pre- 
 
 fenr, the very footfteps of the old Church or 
 College are quite gone ,• fo that there are no 
 ruins of it within the parifh, no body knows 
 where it flood, nor are there any Church-lands 
 that are known to have formerly belong’d to 
 it : which makes it probable, that it was alie- 
 nated long before the Reformation. Here is 
 at prefent a fine Country Church ; and in the 
 windows, feveral pictures relating to fome par- 
 ticular traditions of the Jewsj which are exatftly 
 deliver’d in a Cornifli book, now in the * pub- 
 lick Library at Oxford. ’Tis probable they 
 had thefe traditions immediately from the Jews 
 themfelves, who were here in great numbers 
 “bout _ the Tinn.l Hard by (as I have been 
 St, Clare, told) in the Parifh of St. C/are, there are in 
 a place callM Tennant, i. e. the head of the 
 valley, two ftone-monumems ; one, with the 
 upper part hollow in form of a chair • the 
 ocher, called Otber-balf-^cm, inferib’d with bar- 
 barous characters now almoft worn out. 
 
 ^ Is, c. 
 
 * Arcluv. 
 B.ji. 
 
 do n 1 
 
 eR-CTfSi 
 
 Trocuius 
 Jp^0(xn^ 
 imcc I 
 
 Which I think are to be read thus, DmierteRi. 
 gavit fro anima ; unlefs we may imagin, that 
 thefe two points (:) after Donkrt, are the re- 
 mains of the letter E ; and fo read, Donkrt en- 
 gavit ; implying, that he gave that land to the 
 Religious, for the good of his foul. 1 cannot 
 but think, that this Donkrt muft be that petty 
 King of Cornwall, which the Annals call Dui 
 gerth, and tell us he was drown’d in the year 
 872 J (not only by reafon of the affinity of the 
 names, but alfo becaufe the Letters are exaaiy 
 the fame with thofe on a Monument in Den- 
 bighlhire, which was fet up by Konken King 
 of Powys, at the very fame time.l 
 
 Hard by, is a heap of pretty large rocks jWting- 
 under which is a great ftone, form’d fo like a**- 
 ebtefe, tliat it feems to be frtjTd by the others ; 
 from whence the whole has the name ofWrkg- 
 cbeefi. [They were, doubtlefs, naturally and 
 accidentally fo piled one upon another ; lying 
 askew, and not perpendicularly, the leaft at 
 the bottom.! A great many ftones likewife, 
 almoft in a fquare, are to be feen upon the ad- 
 joyning plain ; whereof feven or eight are at 
 equal diftance from one another. The Neigh- 
 bouring people call them Hurlert, from a pious Hurlte, 
 perlwafion, that they are men transformed into 
 ftones, for playing at Ball on Sunday. Others 
 will have them, to be a trophy, in memory of 
 lome battle ; and others think, they have been 
 let for boundaries j becaufe in the Authors that 
 have writ about Bounds, they have read, that 
 large ftones us d to be gather’d by both Parties, 
 and eretfted for limits, f Thele are oblong, 
 rude and unhewn ftones, pitch’d in the ground 
 on one end, Handing upon a Down in three 
 circles, the centers whereof are in a right line; 
 the middlemoft circle the greateft. They feera 
 neither to be trophies, nor land-marks, f but burfSeeki 
 rying-places of the ancient Britains. For Thtuaus^ 
 Otber-half-ftom not far from thofe Hurlers, ap-'",‘''“^ 
 pears by the infeription to have been a fepulchral^^* 
 ftone. And that alfo call’d the Long-Bone, ftand- 
 ing in the Downs about half a mile from the 
 Hurlers (above two yards and a half high, with 
 a CroJs on both lides) was doubtlefs a funeral 
 monument. The figure of it is this, 
 
 i 
 
 About two miles from the river Loo, is the 
 prelenc feat of the ancient family of the Lrc- 
 tawmes ; to which, by marriage with one of 
 me dai^hters and coheirs of Courtney Earl of 
 Devonlhire, a great part of the inheritance of 
 that noble family came. They were poiTefs’d 
 or this place only fmee the reign of Queen 
 
 Eliza- 
 
21 
 
 C 0 R N W A L L. 
 
 21 
 
 Elizabeth ,• having^ before, been for many a- 
 ges feated firft at TrcUwny, and afterwards at 
 Minhinncad diftant about 6 miles ont':e 
 
 fame river Eoo,) where they Hill have a large 
 fool. houfe (the place of their former refidence) 
 call’d Tool. Towards the northern coaft of this 
 Trericc. County, \sTrerice, the feat of the ancient family 
 of Arundel^ of John Amndd^ in con- 
 
 llderation of his eminent Loyalty and Services 
 to the Crown, was advanced by King Charles 
 the firft to the dignity of a Baron of this Realm, 
 by the title of Lord Arundel oi Trericc.~\ 
 
 Loo r/v. The river Zotf opens it felf a palTage into the 
 fea upon this coaft ^ and, at it’s mouthy com- 
 municates the name to two little towns, joyn- 
 ed together by a ftone-bridge. That upon the 
 i Weft, C. t caft-fide, as newer, flourifhes moft ; but time 
 has very much decay’d the other which is more 
 Upon the * weftward j tho’ it ftill retains the Honour of 
 .aft C. a Mayor and Aldermen. From hence, we meet 
 with nothing memorable, till we come to Liver ^ 
 a little river abounding with oyfters ^ which 
 >. Gerojans. runs by S. Germans^ a fmall village, whither the 
 Biftiop’s See was tranflated, for greater fafety, 
 in the time of the Danifh war. There is a lit- 
 tle Religious houfe dedicated to St. German of 
 Auxerre^ who fupprelTed the Pelagian herefie, 
 then growing again in Britain. After the fuc- 
 ceffion of fome few Bifliops, Levinus Bilhop 
 of Kirton, a great favourite of Canutus the 
 
 11 1607. 
 
 Dane, obtain’d a Royal Grant to have it an- 
 nex’d to his own See. From which time, there 
 has been but one Bifiiop for this County and 
 Devonfiiire, who now has his See at Exeter ; 
 and he appointed this little village of S. Ger- 
 for a feat to his Suffragan. There j] was 
 nothing left at it long fince, befides fifliermen’s 
 
 * Get, C. hutts, who * got themfelves a pretty good live- 
 
 lyhood by fifhing in the fea and the neighbour- 
 ing rivers j fbut even that is now wholly laid 
 afide.l At a few miles diftance, upon the fame 
 rematon. ^iver, Trematon ftill fupports the name of a ca- 
 ftle, by it’s ruinous walls ; where (as it is in 
 Domefday) William Earl of Moriton bad bis 
 cafile and market ; and it was the head of a Ba- 
 rony of the Earls and Dukes of Cornwall, as 
 we learn from the Inquifitions^ When the Liver 
 has pafs’d by this, it empties it felf into Tamara, 
 the Hmit^ of this County ^near Saltafhe, for- 
 
 • Of the the feat of the t Valtorts, now 
 
 rooled Val- pretty well ftor’d with merchants, and endow’d 
 i. with many privileges ^ ) where Mont-Edgecombe 
 
 dgecombe. the Seat of the ancient family of the Edgeombs, 
 
 is pleafantly fituated, with a profped of the 
 winding harbour beneath it. TThis place and 
 a great part of the Parifh of Maker^ though on 
 the weft-fide of Tamar, do not properly be- 
 long to Cornwall, but Devonfiiire ; only, as 
 to Ecclefiaftical Jurifdidion, they are within 
 the Archdeaconry of Cornwall. On the other 
 hand, the tradt over-againft Saltafii on the eaft- 
 fide of Tamar, is within Cornwall; and fo it 
 is al(o about Nortbamerton. The reafbn whereof 
 is probably this j thar, upon the divifion of 
 Shires, fome eminent perlbns living on one 
 fide the river, and having part of their Eftates 
 on the other, procured the latter to be inclu- 
 ded in the fame County with the formre. So 
 the family of Vallecorc or de Valle tertd^ having 
 their manfion on the eaft-fide oPthe river (per- 
 haps, at or about Plimouth, where is yet known 
 the Manour of Va'wtort or Vallctort,) had pro- 
 bably fome branch of their eftate on the weft- 
 fide, and got that united to Devonfiiire. And 
 thus, all that rradt of ground, of which Mount- 
 Edgeomb is parr, being callea by the name of 
 VawtorTs heme, continues part of Devonfiiire. 
 Whether that fmall part of Kent near Wool- 
 wich, lying on Effex-fide ; alfo, a piece of 
 
 of ^cafTordfiiire on Derbyfiiire-fide ; whe- 
 t her thele, I fay, niay not have happened on 
 me like occafion, can only be refolved by thofe 
 wno nave opportunity to confulc the private 
 records and hiftories of the refpedive Places. 
 
 But to rerurn.l Next to Mounr-Edgecomb, is 
 
 remarkable for ic’s neatnefs, and a fifii- Anthony, 
 pond which lets in the fea, from whence it is 
 furmlhd with fifii, both for ufe and pleafure ; 
 but much more, tor the * Lord of ir, / 2 /cW* Ann. 1607 
 Larew, who not only lived up to the dignify of 
 his anceftorsj bur excell’d them all in the orna- 
 ments of Virtue. Thus far we have been upon 
 Che louth-coaft ; now let us Purvey the north. 
 
 _ Ihe northern fiiore, from the Lands~end, run- 
 ning forward on a long tra<ft of fandy banks 
 _waflit-up by the fea, comes to a town hang- 
 inginco the fea like a fort of little tongue, called 
 
 woman of great piety S. lies, 
 who liv d here. It was formerly call’d Tendinae ; 
 and the harbour below, which receives cheri- 
 ^ name from the Town, being 
 call d by the Sea-men S. lies bay. The town it 
 ,lelf IS now but fmall. For the North-weft- 
 wind, the tyrant of this coaft, by heaping- 
 in lands upon it, has been fo very prejudicial 
 to It, that they have removed the fituation more 
 than once. From hence, the country grow- 
 ing broader on both fides and running Eaft- 
 ward, the northern fiiore, with an oblique 
 Winding, goes north-eaft to Tad^otv, meeting 
 with nothing remarkable in its way, befides a 
 Chapel built upon the fand, and dedicated to 
 S. Tiranus, another Irifii Saint, bury’d here • to 
 whole fandity, a filly childifli Writer has attri- 
 buted the finding provifion for ten Irifii Kings 
 and their armies, for eight days together, with 
 no more than three Cows ; as alfo the bring- 
 ing to life dead hogs, and dead men. Farther 
 
 ^ fiiore is fRialton, which gave the title, Rialton. 
 nrlt of Baron, and then of Vifeount to the 
 Right Honourable Sidney Earl of Godolphin, 
 
 Lord High Treafurer of England; and! S.&-s.CoU,mK 
 lumbs, a little market-town, dedicated to Co/«w- 
 ba, an exceeding pious woman and a martyr 
 and not to the Scot (as I am now^ a v -a 
 
 ^lly fatisfied by her life, ftranflated from the 
 Cornifii.)n Near which, at a little-lefs diftance ‘ 
 ftom jhe fea, ftands [heretofore] the Lhanheron. 
 
 feat of the family of the Arondels Knights, who 
 on account of their vaft riches, were not long 
 fince called The great Arondels, They are fome- 
 rimes ftild in Latin De Hirundine, and appo- Family of 
 ncely enough m my mind ; for a Swallow intbsA’^ond^h* 
 rrench is Arondel, and their Arms are in a field 
 fable fiix Swallows argent. It is certainly an an- 
 cient and noble family, as alfo very largely al- 
 ly d ; to the name and Arms whereof, William 
 Brito, a Poet, alludes, when he deferibesa war- 
 like Gentleman of this Family affaulting a 
 French-man, about the year 1170. 
 
 ■ Hirundela velocior alite, <^ua iat 
 Hoc agnomen ei^ firt cujus in agide fiignum, 
 
 Se rapit agminibus mediis, clyped^ue nitenti 
 ^uem fibi Guilielmus lava pratenderat ulna, 
 
 Jmmergit validam praacuta cufpidis hafiam. 
 
 Swift as the Swallow, whence his Arms device. 
 
 And his own name are rook, enrag’d he flies 
 Thro’ gazing troops, the wonder of the field. 
 
 And flicks his lance in William’s glittering 
 ftiield. 
 
 ^ pictc ui itcu iiJG £.ngmn coaiis, en 
 
 OxfordihirenearCuIhamonBerkfiiire-fide ; and in ocher places hereabouts, 
 
 At a little diftance, is a double rampire on 
 the top of a hill, and a caufey leading to it : 
 it is call d Cafiellan Danis, i. e. the camps ofcafiif.nan?, 
 the Danes, becaufe the Danes, when they infe- 
 fted the Englilh coafts, encamp’d here, as alfo 
 
 Not 
 
23 
 
 D A N M 0 N I I. 
 
 
 padftow. 
 
 A-ntiq.p.292. 
 
 So faid, 
 1607. 
 
 Wadebrldgff. 
 
 Not far from hence, is the river AIm, call J 
 alfo Cimb ahn, and Cimel, from it’s windmg chan- 
 nel (for Caw with them implies fo much.) Run- 
 ning gently imo the Upper-lea, it has at the 
 momh a little market-town call’d FaJftew, con- 
 traced from Ptirockfioiv (as ’tis call’d m tl^ 
 ries of the Saints,) from onePtmcai a Britifh Saint, 
 who liv’d here in a Religious way ; whereas, 
 VU. Uffcr. town was before call’d * LadirUk and Lap- 
 nac. TLcland fays of it, that in old writings it 
 is called Adtlpw, i.e. Athenian’s place, kmg 
 Athenian being lookt upon as the chief Author 
 of it’s Privileges ; but he tells us alfo, that the 
 Tomb and Shrine of St. Tnmk were remain- 
 ing in the eafl-part of the Chuich.l It is very 
 conveniently feated for trading into Ireland, be- 
 ing but 14 hours eafie fail ; and is very much 
 adorn’d by a beautiful houfe in the neighbour- 
 hood, like a caflle, which N. PriiMf,*, a Gen- 
 tleman of an ancient name and family, t lately 
 built in thofe Weftern parts. 
 
 r About y miles above Pm/ow, IS fPltarwidjr, a 
 
 bridge of feventcen arches, and much the lar- 
 II LA Itire. goft in the whole country. H It was built by 
 rar. Vol. 2. Lomhone Vicar of the place, to prevent thole 
 dangeis which paffengers on horfe-back were 
 expos’ d-to, by ferrying over. The foundations 
 of fome of the arches were firft laid upon quick 
 fands : which made the undertaker defpair of 
 effeCing his defign, till he laid packs of wool 
 for the ground-work.T Ac the head of the ri- 
 ver Alan, is feated Camelford, otherwife writ 
 GaRelford. Gaffelford, a little village, formerly calldX^m- 
 hlan in the opinion of Leland, who tells us that 
 Arthur, the Englilli tte<aor, was flain here. For 
 (as he adds) pieces of armour, rings, and brals- 
 trappings for horfes,are fometimes dug-up here 
 by the Countrymen i and, after fo many ages, 
 the tradition of a bloody viftory in this phce, 
 is ftill preferv’d. There are alfo extant fome 
 verfes of a middle-age poet, about Camel’s run- 
 ning with blood, after the battle of Arthur 
 againft Mordred : which, becaufethey feem to 
 flow from a good vein, I will venture to 
 infert : 
 
 on a high terrible Rock environed wiih the 
 Sea, with a draw-bridge from the refidue of the 
 Cattle CO it.1 Of this a modern Poet writes 
 thus : 
 
 Ey? locus Ahrini flnuofo Uttorepontl 
 Rupe ficus media, refitius ^uem circuit ajlus j 
 Bilminat bic latl turrito vertice caftrum, 
 Nomine Tindagium veteres dixere Corini. 
 
 On a fteep rock within a winding bay 
 A cattle ftands furroundedby the fea, 
 
 Whofe frequent thunder (hakes the trembling 
 hill, 
 
 Tindage of old ’twas call’d, now Tmdagel. 
 
 It would be tedious to relate here, from the 
 Hiftory of Geoffrey, how Uther Tendragon, King 
 of Wales, fell in love with the wife of Gorlois 
 Prince of. Cornwall, in this cattle j and how, 
 by arc-magick atfuming the fh.ipe of her hus- 
 band, he defil’d the Lady, and begat this Ar- 
 thur. The verfes of our countryman Hijm- A rckitrenlB, 
 villan (hall fuperfede chat : 
 
 • Facie dum falfus adulter 
 
 Tindagel irrupit, nee amorh Fendragon ajlu 
 VinciC, & omnijicas Merlini confulU artes, 
 Mentiturcjue duds habitus, rege latente, 
 Induit abfentis prafentia Gorlois ora. 
 
 Nor could the Prince conceal his raging 
 flame. 
 
 But in falfe thapes to I'mdagel he came. 
 
 By Merlin’s arc transform’d from King to 
 Duke, 
 
 And Gorloi’s Perfon for Fendragon s took. 
 
 _ Naturam Cambala fontis 
 
 Mutatam (lupet effe fui, tranfeendit inundans 
 Sanguineus torrens ripas, volvit in ai^uor 
 Corpora caforum, plures natare •videres 
 Et petere auxilium, tfuos undis vita relit^uit. 
 
 - Camel’s flream 
 
 This Uther Fendragon was a Prince, in whom 
 were all the accompUfhments of a Soldier, and 
 who valiantly fupported the linking (fate of his 
 country againft the Saxons. I dare not affirm 
 that the Royal banner of the EngUf} (having the efi-h. drigonia 
 gies of a dragon -ufitb a golden head, fo well 
 to our neighbours, and fo terrible to the Fagans in 
 Holy wars under Richard the ^d,) was deriv’d from Cemijus 
 him. I rather think we owe it to the Romans, TUburienfc 
 who for a long time us’d the Eagle, after Ma- 
 rius had rejected the Standards of a wolf, a 
 minotaure, a horfe, &c. and came at laft un- 
 der the later Emperors to make choice of a 
 Dragon. Upon which, Claudian, 
 
 Feels the fad change, and wonders whence 
 it came : 
 
 The yielding banks are drown’d with rifing 
 blood. 
 
 And mangled corps lie gafping on the flood : 
 
 Poor half-dead wretches fpend their fainting 
 breath 
 
 In cries for refeue from a fecond death. 
 
 It is certain (not to tltny the truth of this 
 Ilory concerning Arthur,) that we read in 
 Marianus of a bloody battle here between the 
 Britains and Saxons, in the year 820. fo that 
 the place may in Corns meafure feem to be fa- 
 cred to Man. And if it be true, that Arthur 
 was kill’d here ; the fame (hore gave him his 
 firll breath and depriv’d him of his laft. For, 
 upon the neighbouring fhore. Hands Tindagium 
 (the birth-place of the great Arthur,) pan of 
 it as it were on a little tongue thrufl our, and 
 part upon an Illand formerly joyn’d to the main- 
 land by a bridge. They now call it Tindagel , 
 tho’ nothing is left, but the fplendid ruins o: 
 Mrtb-plaoc. ftately caftle ; (which Leland faith, 
 
 hath been a marvellous ftrong and notable for- 
 trefs, made by the nature of the place in a 
 manner impregnable; efpecially, the Dungeon 
 
 . Tindagel, 
 Atxbu 
 
 Colla levant. 
 
 Hi piSta Draconum 
 
 Exalted Banners wrought with dragon’s, 
 heads. 
 
 And Nemejianus, 
 
 Signa micant, Jinudt^ue truces levis aura Dra- 
 
 in Enfigns mov’d by gentle air 
 Fierce Dragons heads eredi appear. 
 
 That the Weft-Saxon kings carry’d a Dragon 
 in their Standards, we have the auchoricy ot 
 Hoveden. But as for chat ocher banner of ^|!fj /ui 
 Saxons (which Bede calls Tufaf) and the Reafan^^ 
 of the Danes ; I will fay nothing of them in 
 this place, left I fhould be thought to make too 
 large a digreflion. 
 
 Upon the fame coaft ( which is not very 
 fruitful, and wants wood,) there ftands ~ .„5jut 
 
 to the lea, SoterM»x-caftle, corrupted by thevu!-B<^ 
 gar into Bof-caftell, and built by the Lords ofit 
 the Botereauxs, who bore in a fhield argent three 
 .toads fable. William Botereaux was the firft perfon 
 
 or 
 
25 
 
 CORN TV A L L. 
 
 •26 
 
 Orig-48E'3 
 
 R. 12. 
 
 * 2J.C. 
 
 Stow. 
 
 Greovills. 
 
 j- Lately, C. 
 
 Stratton. 
 
 1643. 
 
 De Calvo 
 Monte. 
 
 lamara riv. 
 
 * William 
 Warwift, 
 Bp, of Exe- 
 ter. Lei. 
 
 t Often C. 
 I Georg, 
 
 of nore and eminence in this family ; and mar- 
 rv’d Atice^ daughter cf Rchert CoTbet, whofe 
 Jider was concubine to King Henry 1. and had 
 bv her Reginald Earl of Cornwall. From this 
 WilUanijeleven fiourifh’d fucceflively. But Mar- 
 garetj only daughter to the was marry’d to 
 Robert Hungerford, by whofe polferity cheEftate 
 came to the Hafiings^ after it had been much 
 augmented in extent and honour^ by the mar- 
 riages of the Botereauxs with the heirefTes of the 
 noble families of the Moeks^ Sc. Laud or S. Lo, 
 and T’h-weng. fBy her^ Robert had ilTue Robert 
 Lord Hungerford and Molins^ and he^ Thomas 
 I, Old Hungerford his fon^ whofe foie heirefs^ 
 Marj, was marry ’d to Edward Lord Haftings 
 and Hungerford ; by whom he had George the 
 firft of that Sirname Earl of Huntingdon. This 
 caftle with a large inheritance continu’d in that 
 family, until the reign of Queen Elizabeth.*! 
 
 i-'rom hence northward, the land rifes and 
 Hmots it felf fo far into the fea, that the coun- 
 ty between the two feas is * above 50 miles 
 broad i tho’ichas been hitherto but very nar- 
 row. At the greateft breadth of it, 5 njiyftands 
 upon the fea-coaff, the ancient feat of the fa- 
 mily cf the Gmiw/Zi, famous for their antiquity 
 and nobility ; fand of later years raifed to the 
 dignity of Earls of Bathe ; who have built here a 
 very {lately houfe .1 Among the reil, Richard, in 
 the time of William Rufus, fignaliz’d his courage 
 in the Conqueftof Glamorganjhire in Wales; and 
 .in t the laft age fave one, another of the fame 
 Chriflian-name, exceeding the nobility of his 
 birth by his own bravery,loft his life gallantly in 
 an Engagement with the Sp.iniard at the Az,ores. 
 Not far from this, is Strattotiy a market-town 
 noted for gardens, and its garlick ; fnear which 
 place, the CornifK forces for King Charles i. 
 gain’d a vicftory over the Parliament-army. la 
 the place, there follow’d a prodigious crop of 
 barley, ten or twelve ears on one ftalk. So, for- 
 merly, after the battle with the Danes in Sworn- 
 field; a certain Ihrub fprang up (therefore call’d 
 Danc-ball or Dane-worty by others Dwarf-elder') 
 which is faid to be no where found, but there, 
 or tranfplanted from chence.l Next to this is 
 Lancellsj a new feat of the ancient family of 
 the Chaumonds, now extindl. 
 
 The river Tamara, now Tamar, rifing here, 
 not far from the Northern fliore, runs fwifcly 
 and violently towards the South ; and, after it 
 is encreas’d with many little rivulets, paffes by 
 Tamara, a town mention’d by Ptolemy, now 
 Tamerton ; and, at a little diftance from it, 
 is Lanfiuphadon, i. e. the Church of Stephen, com- 
 monly call’d Launflon ; a pretty little town, fi- 
 tuate upon a rifjng ; which, out of two ocher 
 burroughs, and Newport grown in- 
 to one Town. In the beginning of the Normans, 
 William Earl of Moriton built a caftle here ; 
 fche moles whereof on which the Kepe Rood, 
 as Leland tells us, were of a large and terri- 
 ble height ; and that the Arxof it, having three 
 feveral Wards, was the higheft, cho* not the 
 biggeft, that ever he fawin any ancient work 
 in England.*! It had alfo a College of Canons, 
 as appears by Domefday-book, where it is 
 call’d Launflawton ; which name it had, with- 
 out doubt, from the College there, dedicated to 
 S. and about the year iifo, converted 
 
 into a monaftery by * Reginald Earl of Corn- 
 wall. This change, the Bifhops of Exeter (too 
 much carry ’d away by paflion and incereft,) did 
 vehemently oppofe, fearing it might come to be 
 a Bifiiop’s See, and foleffen their jurifdiiSion. 
 At this day, it is moil remarkable for the pub- 
 lick Gaol, and for the Aflizes fhaving been 
 t conftantly kept tliere ; till it was provided 
 by a fpecial Ad of Parliament, that it fhould 
 be in the power of the Lord Chancellor, or 
 
 Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, to appoint a- 
 ny other place in the County, for the holding 
 of them.“l 
 
 ^ Tamar going from hence, has the view of a 
 ligh mountain, ftretch’d out a great way in. 
 length, call’d by the Saxon annals ben5ip-er6un, 
 by Marianus HengepSoun, and by him inter- 
 preted the mountain of Hengifi : the name it 
 has at prefenr, is HengHon-hilL It was formerly Hengflon 
 pretty rich in veins of tinn, and the ftandingf.e.afc;7/’p/ 
 place where the Tinners of Cornwall and Dt-borfes. 
 vonlhire met every feventh or eighth year in 
 great numbers, to concert their common inte- 
 refls. Ac this place alfo, in the year 831, the 
 Danmonian Britains, with the affiftance of the ^arlarus 
 Danes, trying to break into Devonfiiire to drive Scotus, 
 out the Englifli who had then got pofleffion 
 of it, were totally routed by King Egbert, and 
 cut off almoft to a man. Lower down near 
 Saltefe (a little market-town, as I obferv’d be- SaltefT*. 
 fore, plac’d upon a rifing ground, and having 
 a Mayor, with certain Privileges,) Tamar re- 
 ceives the river Liver, upon which Hands the' 
 
 Town of S. Germans, mention’d above. With 
 this increafe, ic paffes to the fea, and makes a 
 harbour, call’d in the Life of Indradus, Tamer- 
 worth ; after ic hath been the Boundary between 
 Cornwall and Devonfiiire. For King Aihel- 
 ftan (who was the firll King of England, that 
 entirely fubdud chofe parts) made this the 
 Bound between the Cornilh Bricains and his 
 own Englifii, after he had removed the Bri- 
 tains out of Devonlhire ; as we learn from 
 Malmesbury, who calls the river, Tambra. Where- 
 upon, Alexander Necham, in his Hymns upon 
 the Divine TVifdom, writes thus ; 
 
 Loegri/s Tamarls divifor Cornubiaque, 
 
 Indigenas ditat pinguibus ificiis. 
 
 Cornwall from England Tamar’s ftreams 
 divide. 
 
 Whence with fat Salmon all the land’s fup- 
 ply’d. 
 
 This place feems to require fomething to be Urfula, and 
 faid concerning Urfula, a Virgin of great fan- the 11000 
 (Ricy, born here, and of the I'looo Britifli Vir- Virgins, 
 gins. But whilft feme hold, that they were orayt. Poly- 
 drown’d in the time of Gratian the Empe-olb. p.\3i.ac 
 ror, about the year 383. upon thecoafl of Ger- large, 
 many, as they were failing to Armorica ; and 
 others tell us, that in the year4jo. at Cologn 
 upon the Rhine, in their return from Rome, 
 they fuffer’d Martyrdom from Actila the Hunne, 
 that inftrumenc of the divine Vengeance: This 
 difference among Authors has made fome, in- 
 ftead of believing ic an hiftorical truth, fufpedt 
 it to be a mere Fable. But as to chat Conftan- 
 tine (call’d by Gildas the tyrannous whelp of an 
 unclean Danmonian Lionefs,) and the disforefting 
 of all this County under K. John, (for before 
 that, ic is thought to have been a foreft, for 
 rather, was certainly a Foreft, as appears by 
 the Inftrumenc of that King, in the 5'ch year 
 of his reign, whereby he exprefly disforefis all 
 Cornwall : )1 of chefe matters let the Hiliorians 
 give an account, for they are befide my bufinefs. 
 
 As to the Earls; Candorus, call’d by others Earls of 
 Cadocus, is mention’d by modern writers as the CornwaH, 
 laft Earl of Cornwall of Britifli excradlion : his 
 Arms (as the Heralds cell you) were ly befants^ 
 in a field fable. The firft Earl of Norman de- 
 fcenc, was Robert Moriton, brother to. William 
 the Conqueror, as fon of Herlotta ; to whom 
 fucceeded William his fon. This William, fi- 
 ding with Robert the Norman againft Henry r. 
 
 King of England, was taken prifoner, and loft 
 both his liberty and honors : in whofe place, 
 
 Henry z. whilft he was making warlike prepara- 
 D tions 
 
27 
 
 28 
 
 D A N M 0 N I I. 
 
 tions againrt Stephen, advanc’d Reginald, na- 
 tmallbn to Heniy i, to theRarldom : (for that 
 King was fovery incontinent, that he had no 
 kfs than Children, that were illegimate.) 
 Rob. de Reginald dying without lawful iflue male, 
 Montu Henry 2. (affigning certain lands to his daugh- 
 i‘75‘ ters) referv'J this Earldom for his young Ton 
 John, then bat nine years of age; upon vvhom 
 iiis Brother Richard i. afterwards bellow’d it, 
 with ocher Counties. But John coming to the 
 Crown of England, his fecond fon Richard had 
 this honour, vvith the Earldom of Poi(ftou, con- 
 fer’d upon him by his Brother Henry 3. This 
 Richard v./as a powerful Prince in his time ; as 
 alfo a religious perfon, valiant in war, and of 
 great wifdom and conduct ; behaving himfelf 
 in Aquitain with wonderful courage j where 
 ylfo he had great Tuccefs. Going to the Holy 
 Land, he forced the Saracens to a truce, refus d 
 the kingdom of Apulia when offer’d him by 
 the Pope, quieted I'everal tumults in England, 
 and being chofen King of the Romans by fome 
 of the 7 Eiedlorsof Germany in the year 12^7, 
 was crown’d at Aix la Cbapelle. There is a 
 common verfe, which intimates that he bought 
 this honour j 
 
 jAiimmus ait pro me mbit Cormhia Roma. 
 
 Cornwall to Rome Almighty money joyn’d. 
 
 For before that time, he w^s fo famous a mo- 
 ny’d-man, that a Contemporary Writer has 
 told us, he was able co fpend a hundred marks 
 a day for 10 years together. But the civil wars 
 breaking out in Germany, he quickly return’d 
 to England, where he dy’d, and was bury’dac 
 the famous Monaftery of Hales, which himfelf 
 had built ; a little after his eldeft fon Henry 
 (in his return from the Holy wars, as he was 
 at his devotions in a Church ac Viterbium in 
 Italy) had been villanoufly murder’d by Guido^ 
 de Mcntefort, (on of Simon Earl of Leicefter, in 
 revenge for his father’s death- Whereupon, his 
 fecond fon Edmund fucceeded in the Earldom 
 of Cornwall ; who dying without ilTue, that 
 large Efface return’d to the King ; he (in the 
 language of the Lawyers) being found next in 
 Tlie Arms and heir at law. Now, fince Richard 
 
 oKthe Earls and his Son Edmund were of the blood Roy- 
 «r Corn- al of England, I have often wonder’d, as others 
 waU. gjfy done, how they came to bear Arms 
 
 different fromthofe of the Royal Family, viz. 
 in a field argent a Lyon rampant gules, crowned or, 
 within a border fable garni fi’d with bez^ants. And 
 the only reafon 1 can offer for it, is, that they 
 might poflibly doit in imitation of the Royal 
 Family of France, (fince this way of bearing 
 Arms came to us from the French.) For the 
 younger fons of the Kings of France, have 
 Arms different from the Crown, to this day ; 
 Banded’ Or we may obferve in the Families oiVerman- 
 ct d’Azur Dreux, and Courtneys. And as Robert Duke 
 
 a labor- of Burgundy, brother of Henry i. King of 
 
 deure dc France, took the ancient Arms of the Dukes 
 
 Gueules. Burgundy ; fo this Richard, after he had 
 
 the Earldom ofPoiilou beftow'd upon him by 
 his brother K. Henry might probably take 
 Memorlales crown d, which ( as French Au- 
 
 deAqui- tliors inform us) belong’d co his Predecelfors 
 taine. Earls of Poidou, and might add chat border fable 
 garnifh'd with bezants, Out of the ancient Arms 
 of the Earls of Cornwall. For as foon as the 
 younger fons of France began to bear the 
 Royal Arms with fbme difference, we prefent- 
 ly follow’d them ; Edward id’s children being 
 the firft inffance. But whither am 1 rambling, 
 to pleafe my felf with the niceties of my own 
 profeffion i After Cornwall was united to the 
 Crown, Edward 2. (who had large poffeflions 
 
 given him by his father, in thole p.< fs) ca- 
 ter’d the title of Earl of Cornwall upor Tisrce 
 Gavefion, a Gafcosne, who had been thr great 
 debaucher of him in his youth. But iie being 
 feiz’d by the Barons for corrupting the Piince 
 and for ocher crimes, was beheaded ; and fuc- 
 ceeded by John de Ehbam, younger fon of 
 Edw. 2. who being young, and dying without 
 iffue, Edw. 3. etedcd Cornwall into a Duke- 
 dom, and, in the year 1 33C invefted Edward^.i^^^ . 
 his fon, a moft acconiplilh’d Soldier, with thecoit 
 Dukedom of Cornwall, by a wreath on bis head, 
 a ring upon his finger, and a filver verge. Since 
 which time (as 1 (hall obferve from the Record, 
 leaving the Lawyers to make a judgment abouc 
 it) the eldeff fon of the King of England h 
 born Earl of Corn wall; and by a /pedal AB 
 inthatcafe, he is to be prefum’d of full age affoon as'^lee^.L 
 ever he is born, fo that he may claim livery and 
 feifin of the f aid Dukedom the fame day he is born, 
 and ought by right to obtain it, as if he had fully 
 ccmplcated the age of twenty one. fBut this (ac- 
 cording to the exprefs words of the Grant, ) 
 is limited to the firfi~born Son, and heir. So 
 that Richard de Bourdeaux fon to the Black 
 Prince was not Duke of Cornwall by virtue 
 hereof, but was created by Charter 3 Nor was 
 Eli:{abtth, eldeft daughter to K. Edw. 4. Dutchefs 
 hereof, becaufe it is limited to the Son : Nei- 
 ther was Henry 8, in the life-time of his Fa- 
 ther, after the death of Prince Arthur, Duke 
 hereof, becaufe he was not 'eldeji fon.l 
 The Duke of Cornwall hath alfo Royalties 
 and Prerogatives in certain A( 5 lions, and in the 
 ftannaries, wrecks, cuftoms, &c. for which, 
 and the like, he appoints feveral Officers under 
 him. But chefe matters are laid open, more 
 diftindly and fully, by Richard Carew of Antk- 
 ny (a perfon no iefs eminent for his honorable 
 Anceftors, chan his own virtue and learning,) 
 wl)o hath deferib’d and drawn this County, not 
 in little, but at large, and whom 1 cannot but 
 acknowledge to have been my chief Guide 
 through it. 
 
 There are in this County i6i Parifhes. 
 
 A Catalogue of more rare Plants gromng 
 wild in Cornwall. 
 
 AUine fpuria pufilla repens, foUis faxifraga: 
 aurex. Small creephg round-leaved bafiard chick- 
 weed. On moift banks in many places both of Corn- 
 wall and Devonfijire, together with Campanula 
 Cymbalaria; foliis. This Plant is fgur’d by Dr. 
 Plukentt Phytograph, Tab. 7. and dejerib’d in Sy- 
 nopf. Scirp. Britan. 
 
 Afparagus paluftris Ger. marinus 5 ^. R. mari- 
 nus craffiore folio maritimus craffiore fo- 
 
 lio C.R. Marfh-Afparagus or Sperage. It is found 
 growing on the cliffs at the Lizard-point in 
 Cornwall. 
 
 Alcyrum fupinum villofum paluftre C.B. Park. 
 Afcyr. 2. live lupinum lAcJS'ug Clufii Ger. emac. 
 Round-leaved mar[h St. Peter’s wort. On boggy 
 grounds about Springing waters in many places, moji 
 abundantly towards the Landes end in this County. 
 
 Campariula Cymbalarix foliis Ger. emac.Park. 
 Cymbalariae foliis vcl folio hederaceo C. B. fo- 
 lio he^racec, fpecics Cancabricae Anguiilatse 
 j. B. Tender ivy-leaved Bell-flower, On many motjb 
 and watery banks in this County, and elfewhere in the 
 mfi of England. 
 
 Centauiium paluftre luteum minimum. The 
 leaf ALarfh Centory. On a rotten boggy ground be- 
 S. Ives and Penfans. It grows alfo in JevtrA 
 the like places thereabouts, 
 
 odoraciffimum repens fiorelin’.- 
 ‘plici j,B, nobile feu odoratius C. B. Romanum 
 
 Ger. 
 

WJLt 
 
 IjiinJtf J 
 
 Umbrae omlj 
 
 /lonn 
 
 .7,/ ^Vtteom/! ' A ^Jle/ord ^ 
 
 -J(r ^ t B iltade n. 
 
 ■ iT/-«<*7?: t' . #. 
 
 Hui7 2>oint 
 
 ^^Shet^nU J,H% 1 
 
 1^,-,iy 
 
 f^n/UCh 
 
 iam«t^le„ , giMrta/ 
 
 ..„y^. ..JlWlJot/raZlnrf Jj 
 
 ■ ,^>Sw'«-7 * i/‘*°'^ 
 biusS . i _i. 
 
 
 HeirtiliS Promojitorj uijx 
 
 ^:7,..^r^/->r^^fl'HlTND/ ‘‘ir' 
 ifo^a. ^ 
 
 ^arnel^mb ^ 
 
 !b {rktfinytm^ 
 
 /unc//uLtv , i 
 
 •„rr.ugto 
 
 a. ( Cpnibe I iK 
 
 S (riles ) 
 
 HartlaiK 
 
 Lvtieha^ 
 
 iiorwn • 
 
 tHARTLi^,^ 
 
 .JUuurt-.pn. 
 
 liUND' 
 
 , y,l%i^narut S 
 
 Tarkharn \ ^' '^</7oc^ /^ / lk 
 
 . J^Sw^BE AR/E^ 
 
 i^uiirtJ(«-d y' ^ 
 
 ,'iSSt I -‘‘■'y®'" ntUhp 
 
 . ■ 3\hi,t.i^nFci’-iJ^k A '-^ 
 
 H u\ #'iS'“ / 
 
 lor-o ^Jheh^t'' Buek^anJ. g 
 
 7 >s;_ i ^ ■% 
 
 
 .dot‘>ftru'4‘^ 
 
 itmtfnMt 
 
 Burruiton 
 Kinys -.l/h' 
 
 JCtIkkamj’tei 
 
 yprton 
 yhhtU ^ 
 Stratton 
 
 '.offirdl 
 
 ^li pu'i/gTafid 
 
 'yy^/lseorni BlaekTciyintBn , 
 
 ®JL AC K-To^mSGTO "4 
 
 ’aantcn / jPalwell 
 
 — *■ , ...••_ ^ V -V 
 
 ^^HirND y ..■■"XorlhLutf \ 
 
 j CteotC ^ ^ 
 
 Xamfird dif / ‘ X/nhury luoerlcu 
 
 ZiiyettcPtA-/ y-^^r«7i7L,-_,»^fi \.^_ 4'' I 
 
 . 
 
 J^ OlseWa^toi 
 
 LyPTOJ^I ) I 
 
 ' 1 
 
 # J^rhur/hclP^P 
 
 ’’attcre/) 
 
 t^atd^oe 
 
 ~k-Jnktiifi/elel m\ ’ 
 
 ^ xL 
 
 ^rlAdau/vnJdaf/piprpii. 
 
 Lnnnct/Uj^ , 
 giiferd / 
 
 ^ Bridoti 
 \j^aefiam£liiii'eli 
 'H'/uteflen 
 
 i^yXiuueA^ 
 
 lEsiein. 
 
 Xavtiioi 
 
 Samfort^' XB'oi/uSX/ 
 Bow^ 
 
 / ° ({H' 
 
 ' . Spreten (X 
 ^SouthJpuUw] WOO^ 
 %aifliy ,- 
 
 ZedlJfpTUukrrum.^ 
 
 Crpiern- o->rti 
 
 hi-cUlcrw- 
 
 Renhale 
 
 ''PBndeliSCDTv ■ 
 ' Tt'ineAati'leM’e 
 
 D 
 
 ■CorileoTV Lydjord 
 
 Sale/iery 
 
 ‘ Teunten 
 
 ^Cridlty 
 
 Launflon 
 
 Xm-Aittpn 
 
 ^Jidn 
 
 ICelUy ^ ^ y 
 
 ■“ Jlaippfiav 
 
 id/ton V —■••'' Srenter 
 
 i ^t-fhlccn.flilmt/^^ /f 
 
 »/«r'^-...,;iXVES T UKE | 
 
 ^uth^iiidenham. k ’X. | 
 
 Laihi’tertptb ‘X - 1 
 
 ® ^TTl^D Jf 
 
 Taveitoker"^! 
 
 CtiUacatnhe 
 
 
 'Xhuc/iiirch 
 
 . attlfiek. 
 
 1{ilk/tamtffr^\ ' 
 
 ymysbndo 
 
 UND 
 
 ,yorNL 
 
 kBuMsjid 
 
 . Hetuchttrc 
 
 \^Sbepi/hr 
 
 cbfandnonnc 
 
 Corpont' 
 
 Warilc, 
 
 ^BtaipriCf 
 
 iTAwiNB^ 
 ^ ^( Ram-e '■ 
 
 Salta fk 
 
 ')■ ^Tamerljr 
 
 ■_'S‘Mudix 
 
 
 ibiedam^ 
 
 SrWd 
 
 toil 
 
 ^P/ymjhk 
 
 Ikiebd ^ ^ 
 
 '"s; 
 
 7l',-miurv i *"4^ 
 
 fpa«f^SL 
 
 \i!'ir^'ibn^y,Uar/he J ^ 
 
 0 R^y^pdSjury \ 
 
 cJnif/bn 'idd.ie/tirj WooS 
 
 /«4 :W .0,. 
 
 t/ ""y 
 
 ‘pdor 
 
 ^Uylten. \ 
 
 •3, 'X^$^JouVi.yiu(ne^ 
 
 \_ '"X 
 
 ^ ^ f-dtalbora 
 
 \ <f>^ ^1alccnu> f 
 
 LpUatcn 
 '- . Ke’nland , 
 

 . -tlrn/jyirf^ 
 
 ll'ct/njfc/e ',•. 
 
 \i« "N i ‘Samian Reotf 
 
 ^ r Vumsfar.-/ V >■' 
 
 ° . ^ChiffiaU: 
 
 li- A 'HuisrD^^;^— ^ 
 
 XiintifftanU' ^Jfh^Utle 
 'VERf j .Vhleomt'. 
 
 rM ‘^'^I'^es^forcLi ,;/ 
 
 'Kn»w)h 
 
 Wroffliuhs 
 
 Ulararet/fiu 
 
 • J!i/haiat 
 
 ^iud&e 
 
 ll/arlinittin- 
 
 ,r//t/rcA/i3>)i‘f.*f 
 
 IItjk 
 
 VlbrltU 
 
 ^einii 
 
 '•■ft£yonfliir& 
 
 ^JtatiUrcfturch 
 
 tAard 
 
 ^Dr\tl-c 
 
 t oHUNI 
 
 ; yunple^^ 
 
 *^i-7(uiChlt ^(Caa 
 EaciiiriC/i/i' -i '^''• 
 
 T'l/mUan. 
 
 '■-•..(f.’Wi? 
 ^Aulrre ' 
 liMARV ^ 
 ITERY E. 
 Sw -p, SJtan 
 
 \^uiki7t.am.-f 
 
 !,^U" is' 
 
 Punfun. y. J 7 f -•••• • 
 
 , .*■ \3t>A£tAica’n6xj-, -, 
 
 >- o i Z^damf 
 
 ,Cu 3 JcjToi<r^^ 
 
 •^\d. V 
 
 •.:^7 
 
 • ( J^fhjymh \ai n 
 
 ) Oldridaei 
 
 ^tbr 
 
 o \J/ec/^ertari. 
 'JlantTedhottijy^l.^i 
 Cha-t/tafL ' r • ; 
 Diuttfird * / 
 
 •etoti 
 
 •jjoint 
 
 \Seyttra^e. 
 oy ^2!mjf/ite>i 
 
 vUaiuteu- y 
 
 HTiNir 
 
 ,4/heetnh 
 
 'noten 
 
 
 ^je«>? 5 «Sia indn/tead 
 “tcmbufij^ Sla ^i-e. 
 ..■dw/h’Ld/ L - tin^ad^ 
 
 K 
 
 Ce/j^tfirelL J 
 
 L„ £e/»’ell M 
 
 h ^doUiwi/L •J'^Uaruchw^k 
 
 ton 
 
 idland i 
 
 Devonshire 
 
 3v JLz’bt ^'^ Jiorz/erv 
 
 . ttarudan ^ 
 
 Pe’^\Bei-i/Pai/ier% IB tack dan . 
 
 ‘^Faefan 
 
 * '■•i‘-. 7 .'.-rv.-.-.,, darnrarlAd^^ii^i^ 
 
 f Blaekanein% 
 
 i 3 - V. _ ‘Bfi/hm/aft 1 ' 
 
 J 7/’ , ^arioltdiVt'n K 
 
 •Jt;,.r\mtiahn ^ o 
 
 Sl^ti'^oudi- 
 » - F V -V ^ Ca0t 
 
 fr/ard gr • 
 
 ifki/iAa/niw " c 
 
 ‘Srixka/r. 
 
 Mtjnd( 
 
 hitm 
 
 S tUft Po.lJlt 
 
29 
 
 DEVONSHIRE. 
 
 Gcr, Siveet-fcenied creeping Camomile^ or common 
 Camomile, h grows fo plentifully upon the downs in 
 this County^ that you may [cent it all along /is you ride. 
 
 Erica foliis Corios mulcifiora J. B. Coris fo- 
 lio lecunc!^ altera fpecies Clus. Joniperifolia 
 Natbonenlls, dense fruticans Lob. Fir-leaved Heath 
 juitb many flowers. On Goon-hilly downs going from 
 Helflon to the Liz>ard point, plentifully. This is 
 different from the fecond Erica Coris folio of Cle- 
 fiuSj, noiwichftanding that C. 13 auhine,and Par* 
 kinfon following him, make it the fame there- 
 with. For Ciulius himfelf diftinguifhech them. 
 
 Euphrafia lutea latifolia paluftiis. Euph. !a- 
 tifolia vifcata ferrata H. Reg. Bias. Great yellow 
 Marfa Eye-bright. About boggy and watery places, 
 efpecially towards the further end of this County, plen- 
 tifully. Figured in Dr. Plukenet’s Phytogr. 
 Tab. 27. 
 
 Fanieulum vulgare Ger. Bark, vulgare minus 
 nigriore & acriore femine J. B. vulgare Ger- 
 raanicum C. B. item fylveftre ejafdim. Common 
 Fennel or Finckle. All along the cliffs between La- 
 lant and St. Ives, and thereabouts, plentifully. 
 
 Geranium pufillum maritimnm fupinum Be- 
 tonicjE folio noftras. Small Sea-Cranesbill with 
 Betony leaves. In fandy and gravelly places near tbs 
 Sea, about Fenfans and elfewhsre abundantly. This 
 is fgured by Dr. Flukenet in his Phycographia, 
 Tab. 31. Fig. 4. 
 
 Gnaphalium raaritimum C. B. maricimum 
 muUis J. B. marinum Ger. marinum feu cotona- 
 ria Fark. Sea-Cudweed or Cotton weed. On the 
 batch or gravelly jhore between Fenfans and St. Mi- 
 chael’s mount plentifully. 
 
 Gramen daftyloides radice repente Cer. dadty- 
 Ion folio arundinaceo majus C. B, repens, cum 
 panicula Graminis Mannse B. canarium, If- 
 chsemi paniculis Fark. Creeping Cocksfoot grafs. 
 Found by Mr. Newton on the fandy faores between 
 Fenfans and Marketjeu, plentifully. 
 
 Herniaria glabra. Herniaria Ger. J. B. Mil- 
 legrana major feu Herniaria vulgaris Fark. Po- 
 lygonum minus S. Millegrana minor C. B. 
 Smooth-leaved Rupture-wort. At the Liz,ard-point 
 plentifully. 
 
 Hyacinthus Autumnalis minor Ger. Fark. Au- 
 tumnalis minimus J. B. ftellaris Autumnalis 
 minor C. B, The lefl'er Autumnal Star-Hyacinth. On 
 the Fromontory called the Liz,ard-point-plentifully. 
 
 Pifum maririmum Anglicum. The Englijh 
 Sea-pe.afe. The fume, Ifuppofe, which grows on the 
 batch betv/ecn Ald'aurgb and Orfard in Suflolk, wbete 
 fee the Synonyma. On the batch near Fenfans where 
 the Gnaphalium marinum 
 
 Linaria odorata Monfpeflulana J. B. Ati 
 Linaria capiilacco folio ered.a, flore odoro 
 C, B ? Linar, caryophyllata albicans C. B. Blue 
 \ fweet-fmelling Toad flax. Near Ferin along the hedges 
 \ plentifully. It grows fometimes a yard high. The leaves 
 are not fet confufedly on the (talk, as in iheCommonL'.- 
 naria, in rundles at difiances. The (talks are brittle, 
 much branched toward the top, and the flowers fiand 
 not thick cluflering together, but more fparfed, or at 
 greater intervals : and are of a pale blue, and freaked 
 all along, heel and all, with a deeper. Tbs lower lip 
 at the gaping is fpotted with yellow. 
 
 Einum lylveftrc anguftifolium, floribus dilute 
 purpurafeentibus vel carncis C. B. fylv. angufti- 
 folium f. B. AnLinum fylveftre anguftifolium 
 6. Clus ? an Lini fy!v. quinci varietas ejufdem ? 
 Narrow leaved v’ild Flax. In the paflutes by the 
 Sea-fide about S. Ives and Truro plentifully. 
 
 Peplis J. B. ffer. Fark. maritima folio obtufo 
 C. B. Small purple Sea-fpurge. On the fandy fisres 
 between Fenfans and Marketjeu plentifully. 1 have 
 not found this any where elfe in England • but in hot 
 Countries, as Italy abund.tntly. 
 
 Pinguicula Hore minore carneo. Butterwort 
 with a fmall fltjh-colourcd flower, in moi(t meadows 
 and marjh grounds about KUkhampton and eljcwhere. 
 
 Polygonum Serpyllifolium verricihatum. Po- 
 lyg. parvum flore alb. verticillaro f. B. \n 
 Polygala repens nuperorum Lob ? repens F.vk ? 
 repens nivea C. B. Verticillate Knot-grafs with 
 Thyme-like leaves. It grows in wa’ery places near 
 Springs, het^veen S. Columbe and .Vlicbil, and about 
 Fenfans, and towards the Land’s end in many places. 
 
 To thefe I fliall add a fort of grain^ Town 
 plentifully towards the further end of this 
 County 3 that i?, 
 
 Avena nuda Ger. J. B. C. B. Fark. Naked 
 Oats, called hereabouts Fillis or Fill-corn, from its 
 being naturally as it were pilled or denuded of the 
 busk, wherewith the common Oat is covered. It is 
 much efleemed, and of e^ual price with Wheat. 
 
 30 
 
 DEVONSHIRE. 
 
 H E hither Country of tiie Dan- 
 monii, already mention’d, is now 
 commonly call’d Denfinre fandi)e- 
 vonJhire,~i by the Cornifii-Bricains 
 Deunan, by the Welftl-Britains 
 Buflneint, that is, deep vallies, be- 
 caufe they live every where low^ in the boc- 
 'Deuen- foms 3 by the Englifti Saxons * Depnaycyjae, 
 ebype, whence comes the Latin Devonia, and the 
 
 contrafted name, us’d by the vulgar, Denjhire ; 
 and not from the Danes, as fome, who would 
 be thought Antiquaries, do ftiffly maintain. 
 This Country, as it ftioots out on both fides 
 into a greater breadth than Cornwall, fo has it 
 more commodious harbours on each, fit is 54 
 miles broad 3 and 61 long 3 and has in it abun 
 dance of rivers, more perhaps than any other 
 County in England, and bridges to the number 
 of i66, according to the general computation.! 
 Kor Uit.C.t Nor has it been lefs rich in tin-mines, efpe- 
 cially towards the weft part, fan evidence 
 whereof, are the four Stannaries or Jurifdidti- 
 onsj with as many Stannary-Courts and towns 
 of Coynage, viz. Flympton, Tavifloke, Aflhurton, 
 and Cbagford. By thefe, are chofen from time 
 
 to time, at the diredion of the Lord-Warden, 
 certain Jurates to meet in a general Seftion of 
 Parliament at ' Crockern-Torr-, a high hill in the 
 midft of Dartmore. This Parliament lias power 
 CO make Laws couching the ftace of the Mines 
 and Stannaries, a volume whereof was printed 
 in Queen Elizabeth’s time, the Earl of Bedford 
 being then Lord-Warden. Such regular Courts 
 and Proceedings, give us an Eftimate of the 
 great quantities of tinn that mutt have been 
 formerly dug-up here, the regulation whereof 
 (hould require lb much folemnicy. Befides, it 
 exprefly appears (as was obferv’d in Cornwall) 
 chat in King John’s time, Devonflire produced 
 greater ftore of tinn, than that County 3 the 
 Coynage of this being fee to farm for roo 1 . 
 yearly, and that only for 1 00 marks. But now, 
 Cornwall has almoft the whole trade 3 and 
 tho’ they ftill work in fome parts of this Coun- 
 ty, it turns to no conflderable Advantage : 
 however, the Government remains, and the 
 Devcnftiire Tinners are not under the Lord 
 Lieutenant of the County, but form a fepa- 
 rate Milith by chemfelves. 
 
 I 
 
 There 
 
D 
 
 3 ‘ 
 
 D A N M 0 N 1 1. 
 
 32 
 
 There were formerly^ in DevonJl}irej mines alfo 
 |]_Sir J. Pet.Qf gQj(3 and filver, |) as appears from feveral 
 1-od. K.eg. made by K- Edw. and ocher Kings, 
 
 wich a refervation of the Tenths to the Church. 
 Iron-mines have been difcover’d too j but for 
 want of fuel, and for feme other reafons, they 
 are noc yet wrought to perfedion. Mineral 
 Chalybiate waters ars dz Cleave, Tavi/loke, La- 
 tnertof}, Lifton, Bam^tsn, and Other places in the 
 County 3^ which is alfo enamel’d wich finer 
 meadows, and fhelcer’d with more woods than 
 Cornwall, and very full of towns and houfes. 
 Tut the foilin fome places is again as poor and 
 lean j which however makes a good return to 
 the husbandman, if he has skill in husbandry, 
 with diligence, and a good purfe. For indeed 
 there are not many places in England, where 
 land requires greater charge in the tillage : 
 it is well nigh barren in many parts, unlefs it 
 A rich fand. improv’d by a * certain fand from the fea, 
 TOdy^-'anT renders it very fruitful, and as it were 
 
 Philor,Tranf.f«v/>^f£”'2f« the glebe ; and therefore in places 
 N. 103.P.29. more remote from thefiiore, it is deartfwhich 
 dearnefs has, 1 fuppofe, in fome places put 
 them under a neceffity of ufing marie, lime, 
 and the turf of the ground skin’d off, and burnt 
 to afhes ; a method of Agriculture very agree- 
 f I Georg, able to t Virgil’s rule, 
 
 Sape etiam fieriles, &c. 
 
 Wich crackling flames to burn the barren 
 earth. 
 
 Has oft produc’d an advantageous birch ; 
 Whether an higher nutriment it get. 
 
 And fecrec vigour from the genial heat : 
 Or ’caufe the noxious dregs being purg'd by 
 fire. 
 
 The ufelefs juices in moift fumes perfpire : 
 Or that the heat relax the ftubborn mafs. 
 And find new waysfornouriflimencto pafs. 
 And feed the tender plants : or make 
 It hard, fo that it no impreflion take 
 From the fofc Courtfhip of defeending 
 fliowers, 
 
 Or from the fun’s, or wind’s more adtive 
 powers. 
 
 That the Romans vve're in pofTeilton of this 
 County, appears from the FoJJe~-way crofling it, 
 and from Roman Coyns dug-up in feveral pla- 
 ces. As 2, gold Coyn of FJero in Exeter, and 
 another of Thcodofius at a place near Barnfia- 
 fie I feveral/z/wr Coyns alfo, as of Severus and 
 other Emperors ; and of l>rajT a great many. 
 
 There were indeed two Roman ways, which 
 led to J/ca DaHmo?)ioruM ^ one from Durmvaria, 
 by the Sea-fide, taking in MorUunum 3 the 
 other from I(cbalis, now call’d lUbefier. The 
 broken parts of both which Ways are Hill to 
 be feen in feveral Places. The Weft-Saxons 
 made this County for fome time the feat of 
 their Kingdom ; and after their removal thence, 
 committed it to the cuftody of the Earls, which 
 were at that time Officiary. The Danes migh- 
 tily infefted it, and left behind them, on feve- 
 ral high hills, a rude kind of fortification, com- 
 monly call’d Danes-caftle.1 
 
 In deferibing this County, my way fhall be, 
 firft along the weft-fide, bounded by the Tamar ■ 
 then along the fouth, which lies upon the O- 
 cean j from thence, along the eaftern-bounds 
 where it couches upon the Counties of Dorfer 
 and Somerftt, 1 will return to the north-coaiK 
 which is bounded by the Severn-Sea. 
 
 The Tamar (which divides thefe Counties,) 
 firft, on this fide, receives the little river Lid 
 from the Eaft ; upon which ftands iMon, a 
 Lidiord. Imall market-town 3 and Lidford now a liede 
 village, but formerly a famous town moft 
 
 grievoufly fhacter’d by the Danes, in the year 
 997. This town (as it appears from that book- 
 wherein William i. took his furvey of Engl.tnd) 
 was wont to be taxed at the fame time, and 
 after the fame manner, that London was. Qc 
 had then in it 140 Burgefles 3 and, as an argu- 
 ment of what importance it was, the cuftody 
 of the caftle here was committed from time to 
 time to perfons of the greateft quality. What- 
 ever were the caufes of it’s decay, the Mayo- 
 ralty of it is now loft ; and whereas it fent 
 Burgeffes to Parliament, it was difeharged 
 from that obligation, propter paupertatem, in zon- 
 fideration of it’s poverty.! This liede river Lid,Ui. 
 being here at the bridge pent up wich rocks, 
 has made it Idf fo deep a fall into the ground 
 by continual working, chat the water is noc to 
 be feen, but only the murmur of it to be heard, 
 
 CO the no fmall Admiration of thofe that pafs 
 over. 
 
 fFrom Lidford, two or three miles Weftward,B,er.t-roti 
 
 ftands Brent-Torr, a name fignifying a high 
 rocky place. On the top of this high hill, is a 
 Parifti- Church, dedicated to S. Michael, and a 
 famous fea-mark. And hard by, there is a vil- 
 lage nam’d the Gubbins, the inhabitants whereofTheGak 
 have been by miftake * reprefenced as a lawlefs'^^'’^' 
 Scythian fort of people.l Wo^'^ 
 
 Lower down, the Teave, a little river, runs 
 into the Tamar ; upon which flourifties Teavifioke, 
 commonly Tavifioke, formerly famous for an xavidok!, 
 Abbey, which Ordulph the fon of Ordgar Earl The fain' 
 of Devonfliire, being admonifh’d by a 
 from heaven, built about the year of our Lord”''* 
 961. Theplace (fays Malmesbury) ispleafant for 
 the convenience of wood, for fine fjbing, and for m 
 uniform Cburch : the banks of the river lie alongfif; 
 by the fijops, which by the force of iFs current wajkt 
 away all the rubbifh cafi into it. Saint Rumon a 
 Bifiiop is much talk’d-of here, where be lies burfd 
 And there is feen in the fame Monaftery thefepulcber 
 of Ordgar^; and the huge bulk of Maufolsus bis 
 Son is look’d upon as a wonderful Sight: he iscalH 
 Ordulf, of a gigantick growth, and prodigms 
 (Irength: For he could break the bars of gates, 
 and go along a little river ten foot broad, ftride- 
 wife, if we may credit the faid William. Butit 
 had hardly continu’d thirty three years from the 
 foundation, till it was burnt down by the Danes. 
 
 Yet it flouiifli’d again, and, by a laudable In- 
 ftitution, here were Ledlures of our old mc-Sa.wn 
 ther-tongue (I mean the Saxon-language, which^i"'”' 
 is now grown into difufe,) continu’d down to 
 the laft age, left (that which hath almoft now 
 happen d,) the knowledge of it fiiould be quite 
 loft. fThis School, in which the Saxon-Tongue 
 was taught, is ftill in being j and (as I have 
 heard) there was alfo in the beginning of the 
 Hce Civil wars, a Saxon-Grammar printed, in 
 Tavifioke.^ Upon the fame defign, to preferve 
 that ancient Language, and to promote the 
 Antiquities of our own kingdom. Sir Henry Spel- 
 man lounded a Saxon-Ledlure \nCambridge,'X\'d^ 
 town has given feveral great Lawyers to the 
 State ; as, Sir John Glanvill a Judge, Serjeant 
 Glanvill his fon, and Sir John Maynard j and 
 hath been further honoured by giving the title 
 of Mar^ttifs to the Dukes of Bedford. Two 
 miles from hence, is Lammon-pmOi, in the 
 Church whereof is an ancient monument of 
 the Tremaines, where may be feen the etfigies 
 of l^icholas and Andrew Tremaine, twins, who 
 were alike in all lineaments, fuft'er’d like psin 
 
 j t diftance, defir’d to fleep, walk, e.it, 
 and drink together, and were flain together at 
 New^-haven in France, An. 1663. Nearer to 
 thefea fo nam’d from the fa-BcatrF« 
 
 mily call dpe Ferrariis, anciently famous in this 
 County. In this parifli, were Silver-mines in 
 the reign of K. Hen. 6 3 which were re-sntet’d 
 
 by 
 
33 
 
 DEVONSHIRE. 
 
 by Sir yobn Maynard, but have been f?nce dif- 
 continu’d.1 The Tamar^ having receiv’d the 
 T'eiive, comei to it’s mouth ^ where the Him, in 
 conjundlion with ir^ rolls into the fea^ and gives 
 l[inoitli. Jisme to the town Plimoutb feated on it^ which 
 was formerly call’d Sutton. This Teems to have 
 been two Towns ^ for we find mention in the 
 I Hen. 4. Records of Parliament, of Sutton Vautort, and 
 Sutton Trior, as it partly belong’d to the family 
 of the Valieiorts, and partly, to the Triors. In 
 the lift age, from a Tmall fifher-vill ige it grew 
 to a large town i and is not inferior to a City, 
 in number of inhabitants, as we fee it at this 
 day. The convenience of the Harbour was 
 the caufe of this rife i which receives the 
 greateft Ibips that are, without fpreading the 
 Tails, and yields them Tafe harbour tho’ never 
 To big, as well in the Tamar, as the Him. fHere 
 are alio two Docks, begun in 1691, and finiflTd 
 in 169; i and of 1-tte years, a new Yard was 
 ereded, 1200 foot Tquare ; and a dry-dock, ca- 
 pable of a firft-rate Ihip, with a baTon before 
 it of above 200 footfquare as alfo dwelling- 
 houTeSj ftore-houTes, a Rope-houfe, and all 
 other conveniences required to an Arfenal, cal- 
 culated for the Service of To important a Piace.1 
 Befides, it is Tufficiently fortify ’d againfl: an 
 Enemy. For in the very middle, the Ifle of S. 
 S. Micha-# Tof 2 acres or more,l lies before it j 
 
 • which is alfo fortify’d. And then the Harbour, 
 at the town, is guarded on beth Tides, and ftmt 
 up with a chain crofling it, upon occafion ,• 
 being fortify'd on the Touth by a baftion ; and 
 by a caftle, on the next hill, built, (as is 
 thought) by zhQ Valletorts, FThey have alfo a 
 Royal Citadel, built by King Charles the Se- 
 cond,^ confifting of five regular Baftions and 
 165 Guns j' which, added to the numbers in the 
 other Fortifications, make in all, 2^5.! The 
 whole town is divided into four Tribes, which 
 we call IVards j and which are all govern’d by 
 a_Mayor, confiituted by Henry 6: and under 
 Capita* him, formerly, a f Captain was appointed to 
 ■s. every fingie ward , each of whom had alfo his 
 inferior Officers. Tit had anciently but one 
 .16, 17. Churchy till a new one waseredled in the i6th 
 , 1. N. year of K. Charles the firft, and Confecrated 
 in the reign of K. Charles the fecond.T As to 
 'magog. the fable of Corinarus’s wreftling with Gogmagog 
 the giant, in this place j it may Tuffice to lub- 
 join a verfe or two from the Arebitrenius, con- 
 cerning our giants : 
 
 Hes, avidum belli rohur, Corinaus Averno 
 Pracipites mi/it ; cubitis ter (juatuor ahum 
 Gogmagog Herculea fufpendit in acra ludla, 
 Antbaum^ue fuum fcopulo detrufit in a^uor ‘ 
 Potavit^ue dato Thetis ebria fanguine fluSlus, 
 Divifumt^ue tulit mare corpus, Cerberus um- 
 bram. 
 
 With thofe rude Mongers bred in wars and 
 blood. 
 
 Brave Corina?us clogg’d the Stygian flood : 
 High in the air huge Gogmagog he fiiook. 
 And pitch’d the vile Antsus from his rock : 
 His hated carcaTs on the waves was toft. 
 
 And Cerberus ftarced at his monftrous ghoft. 
 
 That Rock, from which the Giant is report- 
 Haw. ed to have been thruft, is now call’d the Haw, a 
 hill between the town and the Tea ; on the cop 
 whereof, which is a delicate plain, there is a 
 very pleaTant proTpcdl on all Tides, and a curi- 
 ous Compajs, for the uTe of Sailors. The town 
 is not very large, but it’s name and reputation 
 is very great among all nations j and this, not 
 lo much for the convenience of the harbour, 
 3s for the valour and worth of the Inhabitants. 
 For, to mention no more, this town gave be- 
 
 ing to Sir Erancfs Drake Knight; in maritim at- Sir Francis 
 chievements, without difpuce, the greate.ft Cap- 
 tain of 01^ age. Who firft, to repair chelolTes 
 he had luiter d from the Spaniards, as I have 
 heard himfelf fay, did as it were, block up the 
 Bay of Mexico for two years together, with con- 
 tinual defeats ; and cravell’d over the Straits of 
 Darien ; whence having defery’d the Soutb-Sea 
 (as the Spaniards call it,) it made fuch impreffi- 
 on on his mind, that like r^ewr/<?c/w inflam’d 
 with the trophies of Miltiades, he thought he 
 fliould be wanting to himfelf, his country, and 
 his own glory, if he did not complete the dif- 
 covery. Therefore in the year 1577. Teccing 
 fail from hence, and encring that Tea by the 
 Straits of Magellan-, thro’ the affiftance of God, 
 and his own condudl, tho’ not without great 
 change of fortune, he, next to Magellanus, Tail’d 
 quite round the world, in two years and ten 
 months time. Whereupon a certain Author hag 
 thus complemented him, 
 
 Drake, pererrati no'vit e^uem terminus orhis, 
 
 ^emejue femel mundi vidit uter^ue polus : 
 
 Si taceant homines, facient te fydera notum, 
 
 Sol nefeit comitis immemor ejje fui. 
 
 But the reft of his exploits, and thofe of 
 others born here, who have been famous for 
 naval atchievements, being not within the com- 
 pafs of my defign, are left to Hiftorians.' [ 1 
 will only add, with reference to Sir Francis 
 Drake, that as both he and Mr. Candiflt began 
 their voyage from this town, for difeovery of 
 the unknown parts of the world ; To by his 
 contrivance and at his own proper charge, there 
 was brought hither a large ftream from a great 
 diftance, through many windings and turnings, 
 which is a mighty benefit to the Place; carry- 
 ing feveral_ Mills, and ferving the otlier com- 
 mon ufes of the Inhabitants. 1 Nor have I any 
 thing farther to fay here, but that in the 
 reign of William Rufus, Ealpbege, a learned and The Clergy 
 a marry’d prieft, flourifti’d in this place: for firft reftrain- 
 before the year 1102. the Clergy were not pro- ed from mar* 
 hibited to marry, here in England. Then,L^^"f’ 
 Anfelm Archbifliop of Canterbury firft intro- ° 
 duced this violence to the Holy Scriptures and 
 human nature, as our Hiftorians of that age 
 complain ; and as Henry of Huntingdon ex- 
 prefly fays of Anfelm : He prohibited the Clergy of 
 England to have wives, who before that were not 
 prohibited. Some thought it a matter of great purity, 
 others of great danger ; left affebling cleannefs above 
 the power of human nature, they Jhould fink into 
 horrible uncleannelTes, to the great fcandal of the 
 ebriflian name. 
 
 TTo conclude ; This place hath given the 
 tide of Earl, firft, to Charles Fitz-Charles, 
 created Baron of Dartmouth, Vifcounc Totnefs, 
 and Earl of Plimouth, in the year 167J ; and 
 fince, to Thomas Lord Windfor, advanced to 
 the higher honour of Earl of Plimouth, in the 
 thirty fourth year of King Charles the Tecond. 
 
 Oft of Plimouth, is the EdyHone,z moft£djftonc. 
 dangerous Rock to Sailors ; till a Lighc-hou'fe 
 (begun iri the year 1696.) was erected thereon; 
 which being blown down by the dreadful Storm 
 in November 170;, an Atft of Parliament was 
 paffed in the fourth year of Queen Anne, for 
 E the 
 
 Drake, who in triumph round the world haft 
 gone, 
 
 W’hom both the Lines and both the Poles have 
 known ; 
 
 Should envious men their juft appliufe deny. 
 Thy worth wou’d be the fubjeCl of the sky : 
 Pha’bus himfelf wou’d ling thy dcachlefs 
 praife, 
 
 And grace his Fellow trav’ller with his rays. 
 
35 
 
 D A N M 0 N I 
 
 I. 
 
 
 Plimpton.] 
 
 the ereaing of a new one, by certain Duties 
 upon all Veffels.T 
 
 Inward from PUmouth, and not far from the 
 river P/iw, ftands Tlimpton, a pretty populous 
 market-town, where are ftill the remains arid 
 deform’d ruins of a caftlej of which many he d 
 by a 7'ennrey which our Lawyers call Caitle- 
 ffar^e. For this was the chief feat of the Red- 
 vtrftes ovRiparii (it is written both ways) who 
 were Barons of Vlimpton and Earls of Devon- 
 (hire. fThefe were accounted The Head^ of the 
 Honour of the County of Devon, having 89 Knigh^ts 
 fees appendant. Afterwards, by marriage, the 
 Caftle, Manour, and Honour of Vlimton, to- 
 gether with the Earldom of Devonlhire, and 
 other large Eftates, pafs’d into the Family of 
 the Cour\mp^ Next to this, flood Tlmpton 
 * Atthe Dif. S. Mary, which loft its glory * not long fince, 
 folution. when the College of Canons there was dtf- 
 folv’d which William W'ar/iwaj?, Biihop of Exe- 
 ter, had formerly built. THere had been be- 
 Godw. Bi- fore, a College of a Dean and four Prebenda- 
 ihops. ries, founded by feme of the Saxon Ivings^ j 
 Dudg. becaufe they would not part with their 
 
 wives, they were difplaced by the faid Bifliop, 
 and a Priory of Canons-Regular ereaed in 
 their ftead.T More Eaftward, appears Modbery, 
 a fmall town which belongs to the famous and 
 ancient family of the Campernulphsj who are alfo 
 call’d De Campo Arnulpbi, and by the vulgar 
 ChampernounSj Knights ; and who received a 
 great acceffion of honour by the heir of the 
 Vautorts, TFrom the Forttfeues of IVimpfon in this 
 Parifti,wasdefcended Chancellour Fortefeue, Au- 
 thor of the famous book De Laudihus Legum An- 
 glia. Between Modbery and KingsAridge, is a 
 fair bridge over the river Avon about a quarter 
 of a mile long. At the mouth of the river, 
 ftands S. Michael's Rock, feveral acres in circum- 
 ference i in which are to be feen the remains 
 of an old Chapel. This ancient Rhyme feems 
 to refer to it : 
 
 tVhere Avon's waters with the fea are m'ixt, 
 
 St, Michael firmly on a rock is fxt.- 
 
 Modbery. 
 
 Champcf' 
 noun. 
 
 IVales,) as far as Totnef. This anci^mc lirde Xo:r.cf. 
 town, hanging from weft to eaft upon the fide 
 of a hill, was formerly of great note. It did 
 not geld (according to Domefday) hut when Ex- 
 eter gelded ; and then, it yielded 40 pence, and was 
 to ferve upon any expedition either by land or fea. 
 
 And Totenefs, Barne-fiaple, and Lidfird, fervd, as 
 much as Exeter paid. King John granted them 
 the power of chufing a Mayor for their chief 
 Magiftrace j and Edward i. endow’d it wich 
 many Privileges^ and afterwards izvsis forci- 
 fy’d wich a caftle by the Z)uches j as the Inha- 
 bitants believe. It was formerly the Eftate of 
 Judeal firnam’d deTotsnais; afterwards of Willi- 
 am Brukr a Perlon nobly defeended, by one 
 of whofe daughters it came to the Breofes, and 
 from them by a daughter likewife to George de 
 Cantelupo Lord of Abergevenny ; whofe filler Me- 
 licent being marry’d to Eudo de la Zeuebe, brought 
 it CO the Barons Zo«ci6g ; and in them it con- 
 tinu’d, till John Baron Zouche being banillfd 
 for fiding with Richard 3 ; Henry 7, gave it, 
 as 1 have heard, to Feter Edgecomh, a perfon 
 both wife and noble, fin the reign of King 
 Charles the firft, it gave the title of Earl to 
 George Lord Carew of Clapton, Son of Dr. George 
 Carew Dean of Windfor ; and in that of King 
 Charles the fecond, the tide of Vifccunt to 
 Charles Fitz-Charles Earl of Plimouth.l 
 
 Hard by this town ftands Bery~Pomery, deno-pomer)'. 
 minated from the Pomeries, one of the nobleft 
 families in thefe parts j who, fomewhat more 
 to the eaft, and a little further from the river, 
 had a very neat Caftle. They derive their pe- 
 digree from Radulph de Pomery, who, in Willi- 
 am the Conqueror’s rime, held Wich, Dmwl- 
 nefdon, Brawerdine, Pudeford, Horewood, TuriUnil, 
 Helecom, and this Berle, &c. TThe noble Lord- 
 Ihip of Bery-Pomery, in the reign of King 
 Edward the fixch, came into the family of the 
 Seymours .1 From Totnefs, the neighbouring 
 lliore was heretofore call’d Totenefe : and the 
 Britifti Hiftory tells us, that Brutus the founder 
 of the Britifli nation landed here j and 
 lanus, in the Poetical way, following the famenio. 
 Authority, writes thus: 
 
 Kingsbridge is a pretty market-town, pleafantly 
 bridle’ fituated, and particularly deferves our notice 
 _ . ^ * .. for the benefadlion of a t late charitable citi- 
 ^in ” ’ Exeter, who founded here a Free-fchool, 
 
 ^ * . and endow’d it. Near which is Dodbrooke, fin- 
 
 Dodbrooke. ^ cuftom of paying tythe to the Par- 
 
 fon for a certain fort of liquor, call’d White- 
 Ale.l 
 
 From the mouth of the Plim, where the South 
 fhore of thefe parts begins, the Country goes on 
 stert a tail ^ large front as fat as Stert, fin 
 
 in High- ’ Saxon Sreopcl a promontory, as the word ligni- 
 duteb. fies in that language ; But afloon as the fhore 
 winds back again, the river Dert breaks through 
 it, which flows from the inner part of the Coun- 
 ty, and runs fwiftly through certain dirty and 
 Dertniore. mountainous places, thence call’d Dertmore, 
 where Load-Hones have been found. Then the 
 Dert very fteep and ftrong (wafliing away with 
 it the fands from the Stannaries, which by de- 
 jcftaNevilH-greeschoak up its channel,) runs thro’ the foreft 
 of Dertmore, where David de Sciredun held lands in 
 Sciredun and Siphgb by Knight- fervice, on condition 
 that he fhould find two arrows, when our Lord the King 
 came to hunt in that forefi. I'lt was firft made a 
 Foreft by King John, and had anciently in it 
 many Tin-works. It is very large \ being zo 
 miles in length and 14 in breadth, and yielding 
 pafture every Summer to near 100,000 Sheep, 
 befides a proportionable number of other Cat- 
 tle. It alfo fupplies north, weft, and fouth, 
 with variety of pleafant Rivers.l Then the 
 Dertintoa. Dert runs by Dertinton, the Barony heretofore' 
 of the Martins (who were Lords of Keims in 
 
 Inde dato curfu, Brutus comitatus Achate, 
 
 Gallorum fpoliis cumulatis navibits ai]uor 
 Exarat, S' fuperis auraeyue faventibus ufai, 
 
 Littora fcelices intrat Tutonefia portus. 
 
 From hence great Brute wich his Achates 
 fteer’dj 
 
 Full fraught with Gallic fpoils their fiilps ap* 
 pear’d ; 
 
 The winds and gods were all at their com- 
 mand. 
 
 And happy Totnefs ftiew’d them grateful land. 
 
 The river Derr (which I fpoke of) being 
 paft T^rwe/j-bridge, where it heaps-up the fand 
 brought along wich ic from the Stannaries; fees 
 nothing on either fide, but fertile grounds, nil 
 it comes at laft, flowly, and as it were tired, to 
 it’s mouth ; where, upon a long hill, fl.inch ^ 
 Dertmouth, which by reafon of tlie cominodioul- 
 nefs of a harbour, defended by two CHftles, 
 is a town well-ftor’d with merchants, and tvicii 
 the beft fhips. Ic has a Mayor, by the gtaiK 
 of King Edward 3. The Zouches, Nicholas de 
 Teukesbury, and the Brients (according to fever:u 
 changes of the times,) were formerly owners 
 of it 3 and ic hath often ftoudy reftfted tne 
 French. In the year 1404. Monlkur dt 
 a Frenchman, who had lime up che trade m 
 chefe parts by his piracies, and had burnt 
 mouth', whilft he attack’d this place, 'vas 
 ■ upon by the peafants and the women, and cut 
 off with his whole party, fin the year 
 
87 
 
 DEVONSHIRE. 
 
 38 
 
 5toke-Fle- 
 
 ming* 
 
 Torbay. 
 
 ?(. 204. 
 
 Moreley, 
 
 George l.egg was advanced to the title of Baron 
 of Dartmouth; and in the year 1710. WiUiam 
 Legg, his only Sonj being Principal Secretary 
 of bcate to her Majefty Queen Anne, was 
 advanced to the honour of Earl of Dartmouth.! 
 
 I mull not here forget to mention Stoke-Flc- 
 ming, which is hard by ; and (taking it’s name 
 from a nobleman of Flanders formerly Lord 
 of it,) came by a daughter of Mohun to the 
 Carews. 
 
 The fliore going back from hence, the fea 
 prelTes after ir, and by that great in-let makes 
 a bay of about 12 miles in compafs, call’d at 
 this day Torbay, which is a Iccure harbour for 
 Ihips when the wind is at fouth-weft ; and has 
 a fmall village fituate upon it of the fame name, 
 the feat of the Bruiers heretofore, (who in Ri- 
 chard I, and King John’s time, were men of 
 great note \ ) but afterwards of the Wakti. 
 rOf late years, it has been memorable for the 
 landing of the Prince of Orange, afterwards 
 King William the third, for the deliverance of 
 thefe Kingdoms, when they were upon the 
 point to be deftroyed and fwal!owed-up by Po- 
 pery and Arbitrary Power. Mary-Churcb, in this 
 place, was the firft Church founded in the Coun- 
 ty, according to tradition. Near this bay, is a 
 remarkable * well, Lay-iveU, which ebbs 
 jl Tranfaft.and fiows, and lometimes bubbles up like a 
 boiling pot. The water (as clear as cryftal, 
 very cold in fummer, and never freezing in 
 winter,) is accounted by the neighbours, to be 
 medicinal in fome fevers : It appears not, to 
 have any communication with the Sea, nor is 
 the water brackilb at all. The ebb and flow is 
 every hour, and about y or 6 inches. 
 
 Farther up in the country is Moreky, remar- 
 kable for it’s Church, built upon this occafion. 
 In the time of Edward i. Sir Teter Fifliacre 
 Knight (upon a controverfie between him and 
 the Parfon of Woodley about tythes) kill’d the 
 Parfon in a rage ; and, being conftrainM to an- 
 fwer the fame at Rome, was by the Pope con- 
 demn’d to build this Church ; where he lies 
 bury’d. From hence towards Dertmore, lies 
 Wytbkombe ; where, in a violent ftorm of thun- 
 der and lightning, a ball of fire came into the 
 i^Car. I. Church in time of divine Service, kill’d three 
 perfons, wounded 62, turn’d the feats upflde 
 down, and did great damage. Alike ftorm hap 
 Crews-Mor- pen’d at Crews-Morebard in this County, which 
 rent the fteeple, melted the bells, lead, and 
 glafs ; and nothing efcap’d but the Commu- 
 nion-Place. 
 
 But to return to the fliore : Near Torbay, is 
 a feat of the Ridg-ways, a family of good Anti- 
 quity in this Country;! and near the fame 
 place ftands Cockingtov, where the family of the 
 CockiDgton. Carys, different from that of the Carewsy have 
 long flourifli’d in great repute ; from which 
 the Barons of Hunfdon (of whom in their pro- 
 per place) are defeended, fas alfo the noble 
 Families of the Earls of Dover and Monmouth ; 
 and Vifeount Falkland in North-Bricain.! A 
 Hacombe. pule higher ftands Hacombe, where formerly 
 liv’d Jordan Fitz,-Stephens Knight, denomina- 
 ted, from this place, de Hacombe ; by whofe 
 daughter Cecily it came to the family of the 
 Archdeacons ; from whom, likewife, by Hugh 
 Tbc family Courteney, it came at laft to the Carews, whofe 
 js ygj.y famous and numerous in thefe 
 parts. For jane the daughter of this Hugh and 
 heir to her mother, being marry’d to Nicho- 
 las, Baron Carev, had many children ; and 
 their eldeft fon Thomas proving undudful to his 
 mother, fhe fettled this fair inheritance upon 
 the three younger fons (from whom are de- 
 feended the three families, of Carews, de Hacombe, 
 Anthony and ££7,) and upon John Pere her fon by 
 
 Wytln- 
 
 combe. 
 
 chard. 
 
 An. 1689. 
 
 Cary of 
 
 of the Ca* 
 rews. 
 
 a fecond husband, from whom t were defeendedt 
 the Earls of Oxford fof chat name.! 
 
 Hence we come to Teignemoutb, a fmall vH- Xeigne- 
 lage upon the mouth of the River Teigne, from mouth, 
 which alfo it cakes the name ; where the Danes 
 who were fent before to difeover the fttua- 
 cion of Britain and the harbours, firft landed The firft 
 about the year of Chrift 800. and having kill’d landing of 
 the governour of the place, had that early pre-^*^"^ Danes, 
 fage of future victory ; which afterwards they 
 purfu’d with the' greateft cruelty, thro* the 
 whole Ifland. reflate years alfo,thefameTown 
 was burnt by the French.! More inward, near 
 the rife of the Teigne, ftands Cbegford, where chegford. 
 formerly flourifli’d the famous Family of the 
 Frowst then Chidley or Cbidleigh, which gives chidley. 
 name to the numerous family of the Chidleys, 
 fand the title of Baron to the' noble Family 
 of the Cliffords ; of which family. Sir Thomas, 
 
 Lord High Treafurer of England, was created 
 Baron of Chudleigh by King Charles the ad.! 
 
 Near the mouth of Teigne, h Bifhops-Tdgnton, fo B. Teignton. 
 call’d becaufe it belong’d to the Bifliops ; where, 
 upon account of a fancluary in it, John de 
 Grandifon a Burgundian, Bifliop of Exeter, fore- 
 feeing what might happen in after-times, built 
 a very fine houfe, thati;/ fuccejfors (as die words 
 of liis Will are) might bat-e where to lay their 
 heads, in cafe their Temporalties were at any time 
 feiz.d into the King’s hands^ Yet lb far was this 
 from anfwering his defign, that his fucceffors 
 are now depriv’d of this houfe, and alniolt all 
 the reft. 
 
 Six miles from hence, the river Ifca, men- xiie river 
 tion d by Ptolemy, which the Bridfli call Ifc, if. 
 and the Saxons Ex ; flows out of a large Mouth 
 into the Ocean. Whether it took this name 
 from ifeaw, which fignifies in Britifli, Elders, I 
 cannot tell. Some derive it from reeds, which 
 the Britaiiis call Hesk, and with which the nor- 
 thern nations (as did the Bricains) thatch’d 
 their houfes, and faften’d the joyncs of their piiny. 
 ftiips. But feeing no reeds are found here, 1 
 cannot agree to ir. The head of this river lies 
 in Exmore, a filthy barren ground near the Sc- 
 vern-fea ; the greateft part whereof is in So- 
 merfetfhire. fThe River rifes after a manner 
 chat is not very common, and which may be of 
 ufe cowards explaining the origin of Fountains. 
 
 Some of the Hills in this Moor are very high, 
 and on the cop of one of the higlieft is a Plain, 
 almoft of a round figure, near a mile in dia- 
 meter, which is full of little Springs ; and there 
 being no declivity noreafy paffage for the Wa- 
 ters, they fwell upon the Surface of the Earth. 
 
 The peipetuity of which waters, without any 
 regard to the Seafons of the year or the wea- 
 ther, feems to be an argument, chat they are 
 not condenfed from Clouds or Mifts, but 
 brought hither by an Under-current.! 
 
 In Exmore, fome monuments of antiquity Exmore. 
 ftill remain ; namely, ftones fee in the form of Ancient 
 a triangle in fome places ; in others, of a circle -Stones, 
 and one among them is inferib’d with Saxon or 
 rather Danifh letters, for the diredion of chofe, 
 as it fliould feem, who travell’d that road. 
 
 TAlfo, of later years, feveral Urns, with Ro- 
 man Coins in them (and fome, Greek) have Brit. MS. 
 been found, in digging of the Barrows.! Ex 
 or Ifc flows from hence fouthward, firft by TwT 
 fordton, fo call’d from the- two fords, atprefent 
 Teverton, to which the woollen trade brings Teverton. 
 both gain and glory, fand which, both Caftle 
 and Manour, by match with one of the coheirs 
 of the Courtneys, came to the Trelawnies ; but 
 has been for fome time in the family of the 
 Wefis. Here, Veter Blundell a Clothier built a 
 free-fehool, and endow’d it with a liberal main- 
 tenance, for a fchool-mafter and ufher. He 
 
 gave 
 
39 
 
 40 
 
 D A N M 0 N I I. 
 
 gave alfo 2 fellowfliips and as many fcholarfliips 
 to Sidney College in Cambridge^ and one fel- 
 lowlhip and cv-vo fcholarfliips to Baliol College 
 in OKtord, for fcholars bred-up in this fchool.1 
 Then it runs through pretty rich grounds, and 
 is enlarg’d chiefly by two little rivers, Creden 
 from the wefl, and Columh from the eaft, Upon 
 Creden,m the time of the ancient Saxon Church, 
 there flourifli’d a Bifliop’s See in a town of the 
 fame name,caird Cridiantun, now contraded into 
 Winifrld Kirtovj where was born chat Winifridj or Boni- 
 the who converted the and 
 
 Apollle. Frijiansy of Germany, to the Chriftian Religi- 
 on- fHe was Archbifliop of Mentz, and ha- 
 ving had the title of Legate of the Apoftolical 
 See under feveral Popes, was martyred by the 
 Pagans ann. ^5'4 ; and his day in the Roman 
 Kalendar is the jth of June.T Now, it is on- 
 ly remarkable for a thin marker. It had a houfe 
 of rhe Bifliops of Exeter; and within the me- 
 fLaflC. mory of the t lafl: age fave one, was much 
 more noted for a College of twelve Pre- 
 bendaries, who are now diffolv’d, Hand the 
 houfe, together with the manour, having been 
 alienated to the Killegrews, there do not remain 
 the leaft footfteps of the Bifliop’s having any 
 concern there ; except the name of a great 
 meadow, caWd My Lord’s Meadov;J\ The river 
 Columb. Columb which comes from the eaft, waflies 
 Columbton, a fmall town, that 'takes it’s name 
 from it ; which King Alfred by his laft Will 
 Poltiniorc. left to his younger fon ; and, near Toltimore, 
 the feat of the famous and very ancient family 
 of Bampfieldj it runs into the river Ifc, And 
 now the Ifc (grown bigger, but dividing it felf 
 into many ftreams, very convenient for mills,) 
 flows to the City Ifca, to which it leaves it’s 
 name. Hence Alexander Necham f(once Prior 
 of S. Nicholas in this Place ; )1 
 
 Exonia fama celeberrimas Ifcia nomtn 
 Brabuit. 
 
 To Exeter the famous Ex gives name. 
 
 The city is call’d ifca by Ptolemy, by Anto- 
 ninus Ifca Dunmoniorum for Danmonlorum, and by 
 Ifca Dan- Others falfly Augufa, as if the fecond Legion 
 jnoniorum, call’d Aagujta had quarter’d here ; whereas that 
 E-mellcr. was garrilbn’d at the Ifca Sikram, as fliall be 
 ftown hereafter. It was call’d by the Saxons 
 reaxan-cea|-iep andl exan-ccafuep ; and Mou- 
 kctov, from the monks ; at this day^ it is called 
 Exciftrr^ by the Latins Exoma,nai by the Welfli, 
 Caer-iik, Catr-utb and Ptn-caer, that is, a chief 
 city. For Caer (that I may note it once for all) 
 Caer, tvhat fignlfies a Cily in Britifh ; hence they call Jeru- 
 ir fignifies. falem, Gaer Salem j Paris_, Caer Paris ; Rome^ 
 Caer Ruffaytte. So Carthage in the Punick tongue^ 
 as Solinus teftifies^ was call’d Cartbeia, that is 
 to fayj a new City. Among the Syrians like- 
 wife, 1 have heard that Caer iignify’d a city ; 
 and feeing it is taken for granted, that the whole 
 world has been peopled by them, it feems very 
 probable, that they alfo left their tongue to 
 pofterity, as the mother of all future langua- 
 ges. This city, (as Malmesbury fays) the’ the 
 gromi about it is wet and filthy, and will fcara hear 
 a crop of bad oats, often yielding empty ears without 
 grain ; yet, by reafon of it’s fiately Buildings, as well 
 as the richnefi of the citis^ens, andrefort of Strangers 
 all kind of merchandife is fo plentiful in it, that one 
 need lack nothing there that is ufejul or necejfary. It 
 Hands on the eaft fide of the Ifc, upon a'hill 
 of an eafie and gentle rife to the eaft, and fteep 
 to the weft ; encompafs’d with a ditch and 
 very ftrong walls, with many towers. ’ The 
 City is a mile and half in circuit, with fuburbs 
 fliooting out here and there, for a long way ■ It 
 contains i f Parifir-Churches ((feveral of which 
 were, in the late Civil Wars, expos’d to pub- 
 
 1224- 
 
 ick Sale, by the Common Cryer)1 and in the 
 .aigheft partj near the Eaft-gate, it has a ca- 
 ftle call’d formerly the feat of the R,i<T,-n„u, 
 
 Weft'Saxon Kings, afterwards of the Earls of ^ 
 Cornwall ; which now has nothing to recom- 
 mend it, befides its antiquity and firuation; fbe- 
 ing fuppofed to be the work of the Romans • 
 and, as a place of great Truft: and Importance 
 committed from time to rime to perlbnsof the 
 heft rank.T For it commands the city under 
 ir, and the country on all (ides ; and has a very 
 pleafanc profped: to the fea. In tlie eaft part 
 of the city, ftands the Cathedral in the midft 
 of fine houfes quite round it; built by King 
 Achelftan (as rhe private hiftory of this place 
 wicnefTes,) in honour to S. Peter, and fill’d by 
 him with Monks j at laft, the Monks being re- 
 mov’d CO Weftminfter, Edward the Confeffor 
 graced it with an Epilcopal See, having trans- 
 fer’d the Bifliopricks of Cornwall and Kirton hi- 
 ther, and made Leofric a Britain, firll Bilhop 
 of it : whofe fuccelTors have much improv’d 
 the Church, both in buildings and Revenues, 
 ric was, for a long time, no bigger than our 
 Lady’s Chapel. In the year 1112, WilllamWar- 
 lewafij Bifliop, laid the foundation of the pre- 
 fenc Quire. Two hundred years after, Veter 
 ^ivell, another of the Bifliops, began the Nave 
 ot the prefent Church ; to which John Grandi- 
 fon, alfo Bifliop, added an Ifle on each fide. 
 
 An. 1450. Bifliop Lacy built the Chapter-houfe j 
 and about the fame time, the Dean and Chap- 
 ter built the Cloyfter. So that this Church was 
 about 400 years in building : and yet the fym- 
 mecry of it is fuch, as one might eafily imagin 
 the work of one fingle man. The organ here 
 is accounted one of cue largeft in England, the 
 greateft pipe being ly inches diameter, which 
 is two more than that of the celebrated Organ 
 'atU/we.l PFilliam Bruiery thz ninth Bifliop from 
 Leofricj in lieu of the dilplaced Monks, brought 
 in a Dean and twenty four Prebendaries. In 
 that age, flourifti’d Jofepbas ifeanusy who owesjoffipk 
 both birth and name to this place j a Poetofunus. 
 very lively wit, whofe pieces were fo highly 
 approv dj that they met with an applaufe equal 
 to the ancients. For his poem of the Trojan 
 war h^s been twice publifli’d in Germany, un-Comelus 
 der the name of Cornelius Nepos. 
 
 (This city alfo gave birch to He»r;err<* 
 youngeft daughter to K. Charles i ; to miiiam 
 Petre, who was Secretary and Privy-Counfellor 
 to King Henry 8. Edward 6 . Queen Mary, 
 and Queen Elizabeth, and feven times Ambal- 
 lador m foreign parts ; and laftiy to Sir Thomas 
 Bodleyy employ’d by Queen Elizabeth to feveral 
 foreign Courts; but efpecially famous for his 
 founding the Publick Library in the Univerfity 
 of Oxford, call’d after his own name.1 
 
 When Ifca firft fell under the Roman Jurifdi- 
 ction, does not plainly appear; lam fb far 
 rroin affirming char it was conquer’d by Vefpaf- 
 an (as GeofFery of Monmouth afferts,) when, 
 m the time of Claudius the Emperor, Suetoni- 
 us teUs us he was firft ftiown to the world; thac 
 1 rather think it was fcarce built fo early. Yet 
 in the time of the Antonines it was probably of 
 good note; lor Antoninus continues his Itint- 
 CO this City, and no further. It fell not 
 a olutely under the dominion of the Saxons, 
 before the 46^^'* year after their coming into 
 Britain. For then, Achelftan forced the Bricains 
 out of It (who, before that, liv’d in the city, in 
 equal power wich the Saxons,) and drove them 
 beyond the river Tamar, and encompafs’d the 
 city with a ditch, a wall of fquare ftone, and 
 bulwarks. Since that time, our Kings have 
 granted it many privileges ; and among the 
 i^ft (as we i^ad in the book of William the 
 onqueror) This city did not geld but when London, 
 
 Tork, 
 
42 
 
 DEVONSHIRE. 
 
 Tork^ and IVinche/ier geldtd that was half a mark 
 of fiver for a Knight’s fee. And in cafe of an ex- 
 pedition hy land or by fea, it ferv’d after the rate of 
 fve hides. It hath alfo^ from time to time,fuf- 
 fered many and great Difafters ; once fpoil’d 
 by the ouc-rage of the Danes in the year of our 
 Lord 87? • butj meft difmally, by Suen'o the 
 DanCj in the year 1005 (being betray’d by one 
 Hugh a Norman, the governour : ) when it was 
 laid level from the eaft to the weft-gate. And 
 it had fcarce begun to recruit, when William 
 the Conqueror laid clofe fiege to it ; at which 
 time, the Citizens not only ftme their gates a- 
 gainft him, but gall’d him with many bitter 
 reflediions. However, part of their wall hap- 
 pening to fall down (which the Hiftorians of 
 that age attribute to the hand of Providence,) 
 a furrender quickly follow’d. At that time (as 
 it is in the faid Survey) the King had in this city 
 500 houfes .* it paid ly pounds a year. Eight and 
 forty houfes were deHroyd after the King came into 
 England. After this, it was prefs’d by three 
 lieges ,• yet eafily elcap’d them all. Firft by 
 Hugh Courtney Earl of Devonfliire, in the civil 
 war between the houfes of York and Lanca- 
 fter : again, by Perkin PVarbee&j a ftiam counterfeit 
 Prince, who tho’ a young man and of mean 
 defeent ; yet, pretending to be Richard Duke of 
 York, the fecond fon of King Edward 4, rais’d 
 a very dangerous war; ffor their oppoheion to 
 whom, the King gave great commendation to 
 the Citizens ; and beftow’d upon them the 
 Sword he then wore, to be born before the 
 Mayor, and alfo a Cap of maintenance : 1 third- 
 
 This City (chat I may not be guilty of an Dukes of 
 omiflion) has had its Dukes. For Richard 
 2d King of England of that name, made "Jobn 
 Holand Earl of Huntingdon, his brother by the 
 mother’s fide, firft Duke of Exeter. Henry 4. 
 depriv’d him of this honour, and left him only 
 the tide of Earl of Huntingdon ; which (be- 
 ing beheaded Toon after) he loft, together with 
 his life. Some few years after, Henry y. be- 
 ftowed this Dukedom upon Thomas Beaufort 
 Earl of Dorfer, defeended from the houfe of 
 Lancafter, and an accomplifti’d Soldier. He 
 dying without iffue, John Holand, the fon of 
 John already mention’d, (as heir to Richard 
 his brother who dy’d without iflue, and to his 
 father,) was reftor’d to all again, having his 
 Father’s honours beftow’d on him by the boun- 
 ty of Henry 6 ^ and left the fame to his fon 
 Henry, who, whilft the Lancaflrians ftood, 
 flourifli'd in great Renown ,• but after, when the 
 houfe of York came to the Crown, he became 
 a melancholy inftance, how unfafe it is to re- 
 ly upon the fmiles of fortune. For this was 
 that Henry Duke of Exeter, who, noewithftand- 
 ing his marriage with the fifter of Edward 4,Phil.Comi. 
 was reduced to fuch mifery, chat he was feen to cap. 
 beg his bread, in rags, and bare-footed, in the 
 Low-countries. And at laft, after Barnet-^ghz, 
 where he behav’d himfelf gallantly againft Ed- 
 ward 4, he never was feen more, till his body 
 was caft upon the fhore of Kent, as if he had 
 been fiiipwrack’d. Long after this, Exeter had 
 it’s Marquefs, namely Henry C£?«rr«ey, defeended 
 from Catharine, Daughter of Edward 4, and 
 
 ly, by thefeditious Cornifti, in the year if49 , 1 rais’d to that honour by Henry 8. But to this 
 when the citizens, tho in extreme want of alii Marquefs, as well as to the firft Duke, a great 
 ^rts of provifionsj continu’d loyal, till John fortune did but raife great ftorms ; which alfo 
 Baron rais d the fiege. fFor which deli- quickly funk him, while he endeavour’d Inno- 
 verance, ti^ 6th of Auguft was appointed tojvations in Government. For, among other 
 obferved, as a day of things, becaufe with money and counfel he had 
 
 C. 
 
 Thankfgiving, and commonly called Jefus-i 
 As a reward of their Loyalty on this occafion. 
 King Edward the fixth gave them the rich ma- 
 nour of Ex-Jfand.'] 
 
 But Exeter has not fuffer’d fo much by thefe 
 enemies, as by certain heaps {Wears, as they 
 nard.C.call them) which Hugh Courtney Earl of De- 
 vonfhire, in a Difference that he had with the 
 citizens, threw into the chanel of the river 
 Ifc, whereby fhips are hinder’d from coming to 
 the town ; fo that all merchandife t was 
 brought thither by land from Topefham, a lit- 
 tle village three miles from the city, fthat 
 belong’d to him j for which one of the Hughs 
 of this Family (perhaps the fame,) procured a 
 weekly Market and a yearly Fair ; and for the 
 improvement whereof, this obftrutftion was 
 [moved. Pf^bably made.l Nor are thefe heaps 1 | quite 
 removed, tho’ it has been commanded by A6t 
 of Parliament, fand feveral Attempts have been 
 made for that end ,* but none with fo good Suc- 
 cefsj as the new Works in the time of King 
 Charles the fecond ; by the benefit of which 
 (however vaftly expenfive to the City,) Ligh- 
 ters of the greateft burden do now come up to 
 the Cicy-key.n From thefe Wears, a Iball vil- 
 «re. lage hard by, is call’d Weare, but formerly He- 
 neafon, which belong’d heretofore to Auftin de 
 Baa, from whom by right of inheritance it 
 a+Ed.j.came to ^ohn Holand, who in a feal that I have 
 feen, bore a lion rampant gardant among flower-de- 
 luces. The government of this City f(incorpo- 
 rated by Kingjohn,)"! is adminifter’d by 245 
 of whom one yeaily is chofen Mayor, w-ho 
 with four Bayiiffs manages all publick affairs ; 
 fand it was alio made a diftinrt County by 
 King Flenry 8.1 As for the Pofition, the old 
 Oxford-Tables have defin’d it’s longitude to be 
 39 degrees, 11 minutes j and it’s latitude, yo 
 degrees, 40 minute:-. 
 
 affifted Reginald Poole {who was afterwards Car- 
 dinal, and had left England, to intriegue with 
 the Emperor and the Pope againft his King 
 and Country, who had withdrawn from the 
 Romifti Communion ^ ) he was arraign’d, found 
 guilty, and beheaded, with fome others. By 
 the Bounty of K. James fthe ift,l Thomas Cecil Ei-sh of 
 Lord Burgbley enjoy’d the title of Earl of 
 ter, a perfon truly good, and the worthy fon 1605. 
 of a moft excellent father j being the eldeft 
 fon of William Cecil, Baron Burghley, Lord 
 Treafurer of England, whofe wifdom did long 
 fupporc and maintain the peace of this King- 
 dom. FHe was fucceeded by William his fon 
 and heir ; who dying without iffue-male, left 
 that honour to David Cecil, Son of Sir Richard 
 Cecil (who was fecond fon to Thomas Earl of 
 Exeter.) Which David was fucceeded by John 
 his fon and heir ; who had iflue John the late 
 Earl, father of John, the prefenc Earl of Exe- 
 ter. 
 
 On the eaft of Exeter is a parifh call’d Heavy- Heavy-tree. 
 tree, memorable for the birth of Richard Hooker, 
 the judicious Author of the Eccleflaflical Polity, 
 and of that great Civilian, Dr. Arthur Duck. 
 
 The next parifh is Pinboe, remarkable for bring- pjnhoe. 
 ing forth the two Rainolds (John and William, 
 brothers) zealous maimainers both of the Re- 
 form’d and the Popijh Religion, in their turns. 
 
 Not far from whence is Stoke-Canon, given by Stoke-Canon. 
 
 King Canute to the Church of Exeter ; a re- 
 
 prefentation of which gift was to be feen not 
 
 long fince in a window of the Parifti-Church 
 
 there, viz. a King with a triple Crown, and 
 
 this Infcripcion, Canutus Rex donat hoc Manerium 
 
 Ecclef Exon. i. e. King Canutus gives this Ma- 
 
 nour to the Church of Exeter. Four miles eaft 
 
 of Exeter, we pafs the river Clyfi, near which 
 
 upon Clyfl-heatb, the Cornifti rebels were totally ciyft.heath; 
 
 r defeated ^ 
 
43 
 
 DANMONIL 
 
 defeated An. 15:49. by John Lord RulTelj after- 
 wards Earl of Bedford .1 
 From Exeter, to the mouth of the river, there 
 Exminfler. is nothing of antiquity, befides Exinin^er, for- 
 merly Exanminjler, bequeath’d by King Alfred 
 Poudcrham.to his younger fon : and Touderbam, a cattle 
 built by IfaM de Rifariii, which has a long time 
 been the feat of a very noble family, the Co«rr- 
 ney!, Knights j who, being defcended from the 
 Earls of Devonftiire, and ally’d to many great 
 Families, are flouriihing to this day, and are 
 moft worthy of fuch noble anceftors. Upon 
 the very woutb on the other hde (as the name 
 Exanmouib. felf (peaks,) ftands j known for no- 
 
 thing, but the bare name, and the fifher-hutts 
 there. 
 
 Otterey. More eaftward, Otterey, that is, a river of 
 Otters or water-dogs, as the name it lelf implies, 
 Honniten. j-yns into the fea : It pattes by Honniton, a town 
 well known to fuch as travel thefc parts. fHere, 
 the market was anciently kept on Sundays, as 
 it was alfo in Exeter, Launcefton, and divers 
 thsr places j till in the reign of King John they 
 were alter’d to other days. Over the river Ot- 
 Vennyton* terey, is Vennyton-bridge, at whicli in the time of 
 
 bridge. 
 
 Edward 6, a battle was fought againft the Cor 
 nifh rebels."! Otterey gives name to divers pla- 
 ces. Of which, the moft remarkable above How- 
 nlton, is Mobuns-otterey, which belong’d formerly 
 to the Mohuns,Uon\ whom it came by marriage 
 to the Carews ; and below Honniton, (near 
 Holdcombe, the Seat of the family of Le Denis, 
 Knights, who derive their original and name 
 from the Danes,) S. Mary’s otterey, fo call’d from 
 the College of S. Mary, which John de Grandi- 
 /o»Bifhop of Exeter founded, who had got the 
 wealth of all the Clergy of the Diocefe, into 
 his own hands. For he had perfuaded them to 
 leave him all they had, when they dy’d ; as in- 
 tending to lay it out in charitable ufes, in en- 
 dowing Churches, and building Hofpicals and 
 Colleges ; which, they fay, he perform’d very 
 Religioufly. fThis College was afterwards fup- 
 prelfed by a Parliament held acLeicefter in the 
 reign of Henry 
 
 From the mouth of this Otterey, the fhore with 
 Budly. many windings goes on to the eaft, by Badly, 
 ffamous for being the birth-place of that great 
 States-man and Hiftorian Sir IVaher Rawleigh ,• 
 Stdmouth. Sidmouth, now one of the chiefeft Fifiier-towns in 
 Seaton, thofe parts and formerly, as the other 
 
 two, a fine harbour, but now fo choak’d with 
 fand, heap’d before the mouth of them by the 
 ebbing and flowing of the fea, that this benefit 
 is almoft quite loft. fHere, at Seaton, the in- 
 habitants formerly endeavour’d to cut out a har- 
 bour, and procur’d a ColleAion under the 
 Great Seal for that purpofe 5 but now there re- 
 main no footfteps of that work .1 That this is 
 Moridunum. the Moridunum of Antoninus which is feated 
 between Durnovaria and Ifca (if the book be 
 not faulty,) and is maimed, and written Ridu- 
 nnm, in the Peutengerian Table j I fliould con- 
 jefture, both from the Diftances, and the fig- 
 nification of the name. For Moridunum is the 
 fame in Britilh, that Seaton is in Englifli^ name- 
 ly, a town upon a hill by the fea. Near this, ftands 
 Wlfcombe. Wifcombe, memorable on account of William 
 Baron Bonevill who liv’d there whofe heir Ce- 
 ^ cily brought by marriage the titles of Lord 
 the Count"- u^ringun, with a fair eftate in 
 
 ofSomerfc't. thole parts, to Gre/ Marquefs of Dorfet. 
 
 Below thefc, the river Ax empties it felf 
 frorn a very fmall chanel ^ after it has palTed 
 by \Eord, to which Abbey the Courtneys were 
 great benefadours. Baldwin, Archbiftiop of 
 Canterbury, in the reign of King Richard r, 
 was firft Monk,, and afterwards Abbot here. 
 
 Saxon princes who were flain in the bloody 
 battle at Brunaburg, and brought hither: it ftands 
 on the very edge of this County. Below this 
 place, Reginald Mohan of Dunfier, to whom the 
 manour of Axminfter came hereditarily by the 
 fourth daughter of William de Bruier, built the 
 Abbey of Newenbam, in the year 1246. rTheNeweni, 
 river Ax, after a fhort courfe in this County Regifiir! 
 runs into the Sea at Axmoutb, formerly a good Axnwiiti 
 harbour for Ships •, and feveral attempts have 
 been made by the family of the Earls to repair 
 it, but hitherto without Succefs.l 
 
 From hence, the Eaftern bound runs in a 
 crooked line by villages of little note, to the 
 Severn-fea which we will now coaft. 
 
 The firft fliore after we leave Cornwall, ly- 
 ing for a long way upon the Severn-fea, is call’d 
 by Ptolemy Hercules’s Promontory, It retains fome-p 
 
 thing of chat name in the prefenc one of 
 
 ■ Proitionto 
 
 F«rd. 
 
 typoint i and hath on it two fmall towns, Herton, 
 and Hertlond, formerly famous for the reliques 
 of Nedan a holy man, to whofe honour a fmall 
 monaftery was here built by Gitba, Earl God-yjr 
 win’s wife, who had a particular Veneration 
 for NeSlan, upon a conceit that her husband had 
 efcap’d fliipwrack in virtue of his merits. Yet, 
 afterwards, the Dinants, call’d alfo Dinbams, 
 who came originally from Bricaine in Armori- 
 ca, and poflelTed this place, were accounted 
 the Founders ; from whom defcended Baron 
 Dinbam, High Treafurer of England in Hen-Dj^w 
 ry the yth’s time, by whofe fitters and heirs 
 this Eftate was divided between Zouebe, Fitz- 
 warin, Carew, and Arundel. fThe polfeffions 
 of the forefaid Monaftery were confirm’d by 
 Richard i, with the grant of great Immunities} 
 particularly of a Court holding plea of all 
 matters, faving life and member, arifing with- 
 in their own lands. In the time of Queen Eli- 
 zabeth, a Bill was preferr’d in the houfe of 
 Commons, for the finifliing of this port. "I 
 The name of the forefaid Promontory has Whnlier 
 given credit to a very formal ftory, that Hercules 
 les came into Britain, and kill’d I know not 
 what Giants. Whether that be true, which 
 the Mythologifts affirm, that there was no fuch 
 man as Hercules, but that it is a meer fiftion toV.SimiiH 
 denote the ftrength of human prudence, where- Brie. p.j' 
 by we fubdue pride, luft, envy, and fuch like 
 monfters j or whether by Hercules be meant the 
 Sun, according to the Gentile Theology, and 
 thofe twelve labours undergone by him be an 
 emblem only of the Zodiack and it’s twelve 
 figns, which the fun runs thro’ yearly } as to 
 chefe, let them that have afterced them, look to 
 the truth of them. For my part, I readily be- 
 lieve there was a Hercules, nay, if you pleafe, 
 chat there were 4^ of them, as Varro does ; 
 all whofe Anions were aferib’d to that one, 
 the fon of Alcmena. Yet I cannot imagin,thac 
 ever Hercules was here, unlefs he was wafted 
 over in that cup which Nereus gave him, and 
 of which Athensus makes mention. But you’ll 
 objeft, that Francifeus Pbilelpbus in his Epiftles, 
 and Lilius Giraldus in his Hercules, affirm this 
 very thing. With fubmiffion, thefe later wri- 
 ters may move me, but they will not convince 
 mej when Diodorus Siculus, who has writ the 
 hiftory of Greece from the firft known ages of 
 u, exprefly tells us, that neither Hercules nor 
 Bacchus ever went into Britain. And therefore 
 I take k for granted, that the name of Hercules 
 was given this place, either by fome Greeks 
 out of vanity, or fome Britains upon a Religi- 
 ous account. Thefe, being a warlike People, 
 had brave men in great admiration; fucheipe- 
 cially as had deftroy’d monfters : the Greeks, on 
 
 Then it runs tow^famot^s found' m^gnmce^tln'^anTp^ 
 
 only ,n ane.ent hiftones for the tombs of thofe | of ; and becaufe great haveh 
 
 ler, 
 
45 
 
 46 
 
 DEVONSHIRE. 
 
 ler, they who travell’d, were wont to offer fa- 
 crificeSj and confecrate the places where they 
 arriv’d^ to him. Hence comes Hercules’s Rock in 
 Campania^ Hercules’s Haven in Liguria^ Hercules’s 
 Grove in Germany, and Hercules’s Promontories in 
 Mauritania, Galatia, and Britain. 
 
 CIovclI/. ri^^ot far from this Promontory, is Clovelly- 
 harbour, fecured with a Piere, erefted at great 
 charges by the Carys, who have had their 
 feats here from the time of Richard 2. It 
 is now the moft noted place in thofe parts 
 for herring-fifliing. At a little diftance, lies 
 South-hold. Hole or South-hold^ the native place of Dr. John 
 Moremany Vicar of Maynbennet in Cornwall, to- 
 wards the latter end of Henry 8 ; memorable 
 upon this account, that he was the firft who 
 taught his Parifhioners the Lord’s Prayer, Creed, 
 and ten Commandments, in the English tongue. 
 By which we learn, in how ftiort a time this 
 language did entirely prevail againft the native 
 Cornifli.T 
 
 As the fhore goes back from the Promontory 
 of Hercules ; two rivers, the Toivridge and Ta-w, 
 which are the only rivers in this north-part ot 
 the County, fall from one mouth into the fea. 
 The Towridge rifing not far from the Promontory 
 of Hercules already mention’d, runs towards the 
 caft^ and receiving the Ocke^ which has given 
 Ockhaiwpton.name to Ockbampton ffomierly but“l a little mar- 
 ker-town j where Baldwin the Vifcount had his 
 caftle in William the Conqueror’s time, as ap- 
 Domerday. pears from Domefday. fit had 92 K.nights-fees 
 belonging to it ; and is at prefent a good mar- 
 ket-town, incorporated by K. James fthe 
 fends Burgeffes to Parliament,and gives the tide 
 of Baron to the family of the Mohunsj of whom, 
 Jubnj fonof Sir Reginald Mohuu, Baronet, was 
 fiift advanced to this honour in the fourth year 
 of Ring Charles the firft, by the title of Lord 
 Mobun of Ockbampton. More to the north, lies 
 Stamford- Stamford-Courtney, where began a great infurre- 
 Courtney. Aioii in the time of King Edward 6, by two of 
 the Inhabitants i one of whom would have no 
 Gentlemen, the otherno Jufticcs of Peace. At 
 North-Taw- a l.ctle diftance, is Nortb-Tatvtony where is a 
 m. pic of large circumference, 10 foot deep; out 
 
 of which fometimes fprings up a licde brook 
 or bourn, and continues for many days. It is 
 taken by the common people to be a fore-runner 
 of publick Calamity ; like that Bourn in Hert- 
 fordfhire, call’d IVoobournmore. DiredHy to the 
 5 outh-Moul- north, upon the river Mouky Soutb-mouUonj 
 K>n. an ancient town incorporate, formerly call’d 
 
 Snotv-moulton j at which time it was held by the 
 Martynsy by Sergeant}', to find a man with a 
 bow and three arrows to attend the Earl of 
 Gloucefter, when he fhould hunt thereabouts.! 
 
 The Towridge turns it’s courfe fuddenly to- 
 Tourirgton. ward the north, by Touringtony to which it gives 
 name ^ feated on the fide of a hill, and hang- 
 ing over it for a good way. Tin old Records it 
 is called Cbepan-Torrington j an ancient Borough, 
 which fenc Burgeffes to Parliament. But that 
 privilege hath been long difcontinu’d, both 
 here, and in other places of this County. It 
 was incorporated by Queen Mary, by the name 
 of Mayor, Aldermen and Burgeflesjand yielded 
 the title of Earl to George Duke of AlbemarUy 
 the great Inftrumenc in the Reftoring of King 
 Charles 2 ; and after him, to Cbrifiopber his only 
 fon. By whofe death, this, among the other 
 titles, became excincft, and was beftowed upon 
 Arthur Herberty Admiral } and he alfo dying 
 without iflue, this place hath given the title 
 of Baron, to the Honourable Thomas Newport, 
 a younger branch of the Family of the Earls ol 
 Bcdiford. Bradford.! Thence, it runs by bediford, pretty fa- 
 mous, for the refort of People to ir, and for an 
 arched ftone bridge. fXhis is fo high, that a 
 Ihip of f o or 60 tun may fail under it. For which, 
 
 and for number of arches, it equals, if not exceeds 
 all others in England. It was begun by Sir Theo- 
 bald Granvill • and for the finifhing of it, the 
 Bilnop of the Diocefe granted out Indulgences, 
 to move the people to liberal contributions ; 
 and accordingly, great fums of money were 
 colleded. This place hath been in the poflef- 
 fion of the Granvills, ever fince the Gonqueft jGranvins, 
 a family famous for Sir Richard Granvill’s beha- 
 viour in Glamorganlhire, in the reign of Wil- 
 liam Rufus; and for another of the fame name 
 under Queen Elizabeth, who with one fhip 
 
 maintain d a fea-fight for 24 hours againft fo of 
 
 the Spanifti Galleons ; and at laft yielded upon 
 honourable terms, after his powder was fpent, 
 having flain above loso of the Spaniards, and 
 funk 4 of their greateft velTels. Which family 
 hath fince been honour’d with the cities of Ba- 
 ron of Bediford and Kilbampton, Vifcount Lans~ 
 and Earl of Batb^ Below Bediford, the 
 Towridge joins the Taw, which, rifing in the 
 very heart of the County, is firft carry’d by 
 Cbitnligh, a little market-town ; not far from Chimligb, 
 Chettelbampton, a fmall village, where Hierytha,c\iettt\- 
 kalendar d among the She-faints, was bury’d.hampton. 
 From thence, flowing by Tawton, where IVerfian J- Hooker, 
 and Putta^ the firft Biftiops of Devonlhire, had°^ 
 their See about the year 906; and by TawJloke^°^^°^ 
 which ftands over-againft ir, and * was the feat * C. 
 of the right honourable the Bourchiers, Earls of ’ 
 
 Bath ; it haftens to Btrflable. This is accounted Berftable. 
 an ancient town, and for neatnefs and popu- 
 loufnefs far furpaftes all upon this coaft; firua- 
 ted among hills in the form of a femicircle, and 
 upon the river, which makes, as it were, the 
 diameter to it. This river, upon a fpring-tide 
 at every new and full moon, overflows the 
 fields to chat degree, that the town ir felf feems 
 zPeninfula: but then, as the Poet fays, when se a^uor re- 
 the fea returns into the fea, ’tis fo fmall, chat it funiUt in 4- 
 will hardly carry little velTels ; being diffus’d, 
 in a winding Current, among the fands. On 
 (he fouth, there is a ftacely bridge, built by 
 one Stamford a citizen of London ; on the north, 
 near the confluence of the little river North- 
 Ewe, are the remains of a Caftle, which is com- 
 monly faid to have been built by King Athel- 
 ftan j but fome aferibe it to Judael de Totenais, 
 
 For the defence of it, certain lands hereabouts 
 are held in Cafile-garde. It had formerly walls 
 quite round, whereof there is hardly the leaft ‘ 
 fign remaining. This Judael de Totenais had it 
 given him, to hold by j) Tenure of King Wi\Vi-\\CJienteUri 
 am I ; and, after chat, the Tracyes held it a con- 
 fiderable time : next to them the Martyns ; and 
 then, in the reign of Richard 2, it came to 
 John Holand E3.1l of Huntingdon, who was af- 
 terwards Duke of Exeter ; and laft- of all, to 
 the Crown. But Queen Mary gave this manour 
 to Thomas Marrow \ whofe fon fold it. In the 
 reign of William i, (as it is in Domefday,) it 
 bad forty burgeffes within the Burg, and nine without. 
 
 Henry i. endowed it with many privileges, and 
 King John with more. It was govern’d a long 
 time by a Mayor and two Bailiffs ; but Queen 
 Mary granted k a Mayor, two Aldermen, and 
 a Common-Council of four and twenty. The 
 inhabitants, for the moft part, are merchants, 
 who drive a confiderable trade with France and 
 Spain. Nor muft I forget to take notice of 
 two very learned men and moft famous Divines 
 educated in this School j John Jewel Bilhop of John Jewell, 
 Salisbury, and Thomas Harding Profeffor in Lo- Tho. Har- 
 vain ; who very warmly, and very acutely en-ding. 
 gag’d each other, upon the fubjetft of Reli- 
 gion. 
 
 From hence, the Taw (paffing by Ralegh, 
 
 which formerly belong’d to it’s noble lords of 
 the fame name, and after, to the famous family 
 firnam’d de Cbicbefitr ; and then being enlarg’d 
 
 by 
 
47 
 
 D J N M 0 N I I. 
 
 48 
 
 by the river 7'owrUge j ) runs inco the Severn- 
 Kinuith. fea, but finds not the Kinuith-cajtkj mention’d 
 by Afferius. Yet there was upon this coalt a 
 caftls cf chat name j and fo ficuaced, that there 
 was no approaching it on any fide but the eaft i 
 where in the >’631-8793 Huhha the Dane, who 
 had harafs’d the Englifli, and cut off great num- 
 bers of them, was himfelf cut off; and the place, 
 Hubbctlovv. thence-forwarcJ, call’d Uuhbejlow by our Hi- 
 i^orians. Ac the fame time, the Danifii ftan- 
 dard called Rcafan, was taken by the Englifii. 
 Which I the rather obferve, becaufe from a lit- 
 tle fiory in Ajjer Memvenfis^ who has recorded 
 thefe things, it may be gather’d, that the Danes 
 had a Crow in their ftandard, which is faid to 
 have been wrought in needle-work by the 
 daughters cf Lothbroc the Danej and, as they 
 conceived, made them invincible. 
 
 There is nothing, hence-forward, to be feen 
 Braurton. on this Northcrn-lhore bat iBrauntony where 
 many hundred acres of land are overflown by 
 the hands ,• and the place, from them, is called 
 Santon : tall Trees, home of 50 foot in length, 
 have been dug-up here. And Morty to which 
 Sir WillUm "tracyty one of the murtherers of Tho- 
 mas Beckst Archbifhop of Canteibury, retir’d, 
 25 years after the fa(ft i contrary to what the 
 vulgar Chronicles fay, that all who were con- 
 cerned in that murder, dy’d miferably, in three 
 years after ; andl llfarcombe, which is a pretty 
 fafe harbour lor (hips ; hand remarkable for the 
 lights kept here for the diredion of Sailors ; 
 and much more, for Mr. Camden s being Frehen- 
 dary hereof; which Preferment belongs to the 
 
 Mort. 
 
 Church of Salisbury, and might then be enjoy’d 
 by Lay-men."! To this joins Combmarton, below 
 
 * Lately ope- which have been ’^opened fomeold lead-mines, 
 ned. C, not without veins of filver alfo. Now Combe, 
 Combe, what (that I may obferve it once for all) which is fre 
 
 it figpifies. 
 Nicotiu;. 
 
 Marlin de 
 Tours. 
 
 quently added to the names of places in thefe 
 parts, fignifies a low Jituation, or a vale, and per- 
 haps may come from the Britifh word Kum, 
 which has the fame meaning ; and the French 
 alfo retain it in the fame fenfe to this day. 
 FThe addition of Martin, is from Martin de Tours 
 a Norman Lord, who had great polfeffions 
 here in the time of Henry x. The filver-mines 
 juft now mentioned, were firft difcover’d in Ed- 
 ward id’s days, when %%-j Men were brought 
 from the Feake in Derbylhire, to work here. In 
 the reign of King Edward 5, they yielded that 
 King great profits, towards carrying on the 
 French war. After they had been long neg- 
 ledied, they were re-enter’d in Q. Elizabeth’s 
 time, who prefented a Cup made here, to the 
 then Earl of Bath, with this Infcripdoa : 
 
 ton in the time of King Henry 6, a Carmelite 
 Monk and a learned man, who firft read Ari- 
 ftotle publickly in theUniverfity of Cambridge, 
 where he commenced Dotftor, and writ divers 
 Books ; and it hath been noted, of late years, 
 for an excellent Chalybeate Spring .1 
 
 In the beginning of the Norman Government Earls of d 
 ( nor CO mention Hugh the Norman, whomvonibire, ' 
 Queen Emma had formerly fet over this Coun- 
 ty) King William i. made one Baldwin here- 
 ditary Vifcount cf Devonftiire, and Baron of 
 bckbampton : and he was fucceeded in this ho- 
 nour of Vifcount by his fon Richard, who dy’d 
 without iflue-male. King Henry i. afterwards 
 conferred upon Richard de Redveriis, firfl, Tiver- 
 ton, and after that the honour of Plimpton, with 
 other places appertaining to it ; and then made him 
 Earl of Devonfhire, granting him the third penny 
 the yearly revenue of this County. But 
 belonging to the King, did wof, at mof, exceed 50 ° 
 marks ■ out of which the faid Earl was to dedabl 
 ten, yearly y for his own jhare. After thefe, he ob- 
 tain’d the Ijle of Wight of the faid King, and thence 
 was fil’d Earl of Devonftiire, and Lord of the 
 Ifle. He had a fon, Baldwin, who was banifti’d 
 for fiding with Mawd the Emprefs againft Ste- 
 phen. Yet Richard, the fon, recover’d this his 
 Father’s honour; and left two fons, Baldwin 
 Richard, fucceftively Earls of Devonftiire, who 
 dy’d without iiTue ; and then this honour fell to 
 their Uncle, William, firnam’d de Vernon. He 
 had a fon, Baldwin, who dy’d in the life-time of 
 his father 5 having firft (by daughter 
 
 of Guarin Fitz Gerold) had Baldwin, the third of 
 that name, who was Earl of Devonftiire. He 
 had two children ; Baldwin, the laft Earl of this 
 family, who dy’d without ilfue (and chang’d 
 Gryphon clenching a little beafi, which his anceftors 
 us d in their feal, into a fcutcheon or, a lion rampant 
 a&ure ; ) and Ifabel, who was married to Willi- 
 am de Fortibus Earl of Albemarle, and had a fon, 
 
 Thomas, who dy’d young ; and Avellina, mar- 
 ry d to Edmund Earl of Lancafter, whom Ihe 
 very much enriched. But llie foon dying with- 
 out iflTue, Hugh Courtney, defcended (as it is de- 
 liver’d down to us) trom the Royal line of 
 France, and aliy’d to the former Earls, was by 
 King Edward %, by his Letter only, without 
 any other ceremony, created Earl of Devon- 
 Ihire: For fo he commanded him, to ufe chat(-|,y); 
 tide. He was fucceeded by his fon Hugh ; afterj El j. m. 
 whom Edward, his grand-child by his fon 
 ward, enjoy’d it ; and dying, left it to his fon 
 Hugh. He Hkewifp rr» !» frtr. 
 
 In Martyn’s combe I long lay hid, 
 Obfcure, deprefs’d with grofter foyl, 
 Debafed much with mixed lead 
 Till Bulmer came, whofe skill and toyl 
 Reformed me fo pure and clean. 
 
 As richer no where elfe is feen. 
 
 Thefe filver-mines were again wrought in, 
 not many years fince.1 
 
 More to the fouth-eaft, and adjoyning to So- 
 Bampton. merfedhire, ftands formerly Baentun, 
 
 which in William the Conqueror’s time fell to 
 Walter de Doway or Duacenfis, with ocher very 
 large eftates eifewhere ; of whofe pofterity 
 Juliana heirefs (marry’d to William Faga- 
 Paganell or conimonly P^^«J/) had ilTue F«/co Bamp- 
 Pajhell. ton : he alfo had a Ion, William, and Chriflia- 
 na the wife of Cogan an Iriftiman, whofe po- 
 fterity came to the eftate ; die heir of William 
 dying without ilTue. From the it came 
 - by Inheritance to the Bourebiers Earls of Bath 
 through the hands of Haneford, and the Fitzf- 
 warins. fThis phee brought forth Jphn deBamp- 
 
 Hugb. He likewife to a fon, Thomas, who dy’d 
 in the 36th year of King Henry 6. This Tho- 
 mas had three fons, Thomas, Henry, and John ; 
 whofe Condition, during the bloody wars be- 
 tween the houfesof York and Lancafter, was 
 very uncertain they ftill refolutely adhering 
 ^ the Lancaftrians. Thomas was beheaded at 
 York j and Henry his brother, who fucceeded, 
 underwent the^ fanie fate 7 years after at 
 
 altho King Edward 4. created Humfrey 
 Staffed Lord Stafford of Suthwick, Earl of De- 
 vonlhire, who dy d that fame year ; yet John 
 Comtney, the youngeft brother, would never 
 pare with this Title, till he loft his life in 
 _ From hence-forward this fa- 
 mily tor a long time lay, in a manner, exdnft; 
 yet It flounftied again under Henry 7, who 
 reltored Edward Courtney, the next heir male, 
 r° Anceftors. He had a 
 
 Earl of Devonftiire, who mar- 
 ry \^fharm, daughter of Edward 4, by whom 
 e had Henp^ Earl of Devonftiire, who was 
 mfo Marquefs of Exeter, and was beheaded in 
 Henry 8th s time. His fon Edward, a noble 
 
 young Gentleman of 
 
 h It ,■ — 'A '■* hopes, being re- 
 
 ftor d to aU by Queen Mary, dy’d at Padua 
 in Italy : for, to ufe the words of Quadriga- 
 
DE.VONSHIRE. 
 
 5 ° 
 
 riuSj The better the Man^ the jhorter the life. In 
 the 46'^ year after his death, Charles Blunt Lord 
 Montjoye, Vice-Roy of Ireland ( a perfon not 
 only of ancient and noble excradiion, but fa- 
 mous for Condu(5f, and Learning ,•) as a reward 
 for having recover’d Ireland, and reduc’d it to 
 its former flare, by driving out the Spaniard, 
 and either defeating the rebels, or forcing them 
 to fubmit, was by James fid,! created Earl 
 of Devonfliire, advanc’d to many other honours, 
 and by the bounty of the King rais’d to great 
 riches : but death foon put an end to the enjoy- 
 ment of all this wealth and honour, f Where- 
 upon, the fame King in the year of bis reign, 
 created IVilliam Lord Cavendijh of Hardwick, 
 Earl of Devonlhire ; whofe fon and grandfon, 
 both WiUiamsy fucceflively enjoy’d that dignity ^ 
 as did alfo his great grandfon, of the fame name, 
 till by the fpecial favour of King William and 
 Queen Mary, he was, in the fixch year of their 
 reign, created Marquifs of Harrington and Duke 
 of Devonfliire; which Titles are now enjoyed 
 by Williamy his Son and heir, a perfon of great 
 Virtue, and Honour.! 
 
 There are in this County 394 Farijh-Churches. 
 
 More rare Plants growtngwild in Devonfhire- 
 
 Arena nuda Ger. J. B. C. B. Park. Naked Oats 
 or Pillis. This by report is foivn in fame places of 
 ibis County y as well as in Cornwall. 
 
 C. Alfme fpuria pufilla repens, foliis Saxifra- 
 ge aures. Small round-leaved creeping baflard chick- 
 weed. This is no leJS frequent in this County than in 
 Corriwally on the like watery banks. 
 
 Afcyrum fupinum villofum paluftre : Marfs 
 round-leaved S. Peter s wort. On moift boggy grounds 
 and about jhallow pools of water. See the Synonyma 
 in Gornwall, 
 
 C. Campanula Cymbalarict foliis. Ivy-leaved 
 Bell-flower. No hfl common in this County than in 
 Cornwally in the like places. 
 
 _ Eryngium vulgare J.B. vulgare & Camera- 
 rii C. B. mediterraneuin Ger. medicerraneum fi- 
 ve campeftre P ark. On the rock which you defcend 
 to the Ferry from Plimoutb over into Cornwall. This 
 plant y probably, grcweth not wild any where in Eng- 
 land fave here, near Daventry in Northamptonjhire, 
 and on the (hore call'd Friar-goofe near NewcaHle upon 
 Tine, ^ 
 
 Gramen junceum maritimum exile Plimoftii 
 Park. p. i^y\. Small fea Rujh-grafs of PUmcuth. 
 Near Plimouth on the wet grounds, 
 
 Juncus acutus maritimus capitulis rotundis 
 C. B. acutus maritimus alter Park. Sea-rujh with 
 globular heads. Found by Mr. Stephens in Braunton- 
 boroughs in this County, 
 
 Lichen feu mufcus marinus variegatus. Fun- 
 gus auricularis Cajfalpini J. B. Fucus mariti- 
 mus Gallo-pavonis pennas referens C. B. The 
 Turkeys feather. Found by the fame Mr. Stephens on 
 the rocks near Exmoutb, plentifully. 
 
 Lamium montanum MeliflW folio C. B. Me- 
 lilTa Fuchfii Ger. MelilTophyllon Fuchfii Park. 
 Melifla adulterina quorundam, amplis foliis, & 
 floribus non grati odoris J. B. Baulm-leaved 
 Archangel, Baft'ard-Baulm. In many woods in this 
 County, and particularly near Totnes. This is the 
 Plant, I fuppofe, that the Authors of Phytologia 
 Bricannica meant by Melifla Moldavica, which 
 they fay grew in Mr. Champernons wood by his boufe 
 on the bill-fide near Totnes. For MelilTa Molda- 
 vica is a plant fo far from growing wild with us 
 that it continuetb not long in gardens fdf-fown. 
 
 Rubia fylveftris Park. lylv. afpera, qux fyl- 
 veftris Diofcoridis C. P. fylveftris MonfpefTuIana 
 major J. B. nonnullis Rubia hexaphyllos. Wild 
 Madder. It grows on the rocks near the bridge at 
 Bedifordy and all along the hedges on both fldes the 
 way between Weflly and Bedford, and in many other 
 places of this County. 
 
' 
 
 
 DUROTRIGES. 
 
 EXT to the Danmonii FaJlivarJ, Vtolemy in his Geographical Tables has 
 placd the A8£j'le^5'5f, as he Jliles them in Greek, who in Latin Copies are alfo 
 written Durotriges ; The very fame People, whom the Britains about the 
 year of our Lord 890. call’d Dwr-Gwyr, according to AlTerius Mene- 
 venfis, 'who liv’d at that time, and was bimfelf a Britain by birth. The 
 Saxons call’d them Dop-)"ezcan as we at this day call the TraU, the Coun- 
 ty of Dorfet, and Dorfetfhire. The name of Durotriges is ancient, and 
 purely Britifh, and feems very probably to be deriv’d from Dour or Dwr,^jj^ 
 which in Britifh fignifies Water^ and Trig an Inhabitant; as if one ’ 
 fhould fay. Dwellers by the Water or Sea-fide. TJor is there any other 
 Etymology of the names oftbofe places which begin or end in Dur or Dour in 
 ancient Gaul (where formerly they fpoke the fame language with that of 
 Britain', ) fuch are, Durocafes, Durocottorum, DuraniuSj Dordonia, 
 Durolorum, Doromellum, Divodurunij Breviodurum_, Batavodurum^ Ganodurum, Ododurum, 
 and many others, as ovell in Gaul as Britain. But the Saxon word Dop-j"e”a is a compound of Britifh 
 Setta, what, and Englifh ; and is of the fame import and fgnification, as Durotriges : Seecan among our Saxon 
 
 Anceflors as well as other Germans, jignified to inhabit or dwell upon. Thm, we find the dwellers upon 
 mountains, call’d in their language, Dun-pe-can ; thofe who dwell upon the Chilcern-hills, Cykepn- 
 yer;t:an ; and thofe who border upon the river Arow, Apow-pe-ean ; as the Germans call’d the People 
 who dwelt among the woods, Holc-fatcen, from inhabiting the Holts or Woods. Nor did the Briitm 
 deviate from the fenfe of the ancient name, when they call’d tbefe Durotriges^ Dwr-Gweir^ that is, 
 Dwellers on the fea-coafl ; fnce their Country, for about miles together, fronts the Britifh Ocean ; k- 
 
 ing ftretch’d-out in length from Eafl to Wefl, with an uneven fore, full of turnings and windings. 
 
 TtORSETSHIRE. 
 
 *Can. C. 
 + I.. C. 
 
 HE County of Dorfet is boun- 
 ded on the North by Somerfet- 
 fhire and Wiltfliire, on the Weft 
 by Devonfbire, on the Eaft by 
 Hantftiire ; and Southward (on 
 which fide it is of the largeft 
 Extent) it is ail Sea-coaft, ly- 
 ing ( as I juft now obferv’d ) fome yo miles 
 together upon the Britifh Ocean, fwhich fup- 
 lies if with great plenty of the beft Fifh, 
 and gives it an opportunity to improve it felf 
 by Trade. The Inhabitants reckon it much for 
 their honour, what they affirm King Charles 2. 
 to have declared, ^ That he never faw a finer 
 ‘ Country, either in England, or out of it.’l The 
 Soil is fruitful, and in the North part it has 
 woods and forefts Icafter’d here and there ; 
 whence, with feveral green hills that feed great 
 flocks of fiieep, and with pleafant paftures, and 
 fruitful Vales, it comes down to the fea-lhore ; 
 which I (hall follow in my defcription, .know- 
 ing no better method or guide. 
 
 At the very entrance into this County from 
 Devonflnre, the firft place that appears upon the 
 fea-coaft, is Lyme, a little town (landing upon 
 a fteep hill, and fo call’d from a rivulet of that 
 name gliding by it. This [formerly 3 ^ could 
 fcarce be call’d a fea-porc town, tho’ it t was 
 frequented by fiffiermen, and hath a kind of har- 
 bour below it, which they call the Cobbe ; well 
 fecur’d againft Storms, by rocks and lofty trees. 
 TBut fince, it is much improv’d; having very 
 
 confiderable Merchants; and the Peer, for the 
 
 nature and largenefs of it, being one of the beft 
 in England, tho* very chargeable. It is alfo a 
 Burrough, confifting of 16 Capital Burgefles 
 and a Recorder; whereof, there is a Mayor, 
 and two Juftices. The Mayor, the next year 
 after his Mayoralty, is ajuftice of the Peace, 
 
 and the year following, Juftice and Coroner .1 
 We fcarce meet with the name in ancient books; 
 
 only I have read, that King Kinwulf, in the 
 year of our Lord 774, gave the land of one man- 
 (ion to the Church of Scireburn, near the wejlern banks 
 of the river Lim, not far from the place where it 
 falls into the fea •, that fait might be boil’ d there to 
 fupply the neceffities of that Church. TBut, in our 
 time, it is made more remarkable, for being the . 
 
 landing-place of the unfortunate Duke of Mon- J'^”'*** 
 mouth, when he afferted his pretended right 
 to the Crown. He brought with him but one 
 Man of War of about 50 guns, and two other 
 fmall Veflels, with Arms for about 4000 men ; 
 not above too coming over with him. But, 
 notwithftanding the great increafe of his For- 
 ces, in a very (hort time he was routed in a 
 pitch’d battel, and his attempt prov’d fatal to 
 him and his followers.! 
 
 Hard by, the river Carr empties it felf into the 
 fea ; where ftands Carmouth fcommonly Char~Cit&°*^t 
 moutbfl a little village, at which the pirating 
 Danes had the fortune to beat the Englifh in two 
 Ei^g^gements ; firft, conquering King Egbert 
 in the year of our Lord 851 ; and then King 
 iEthelwuif, eight years after. Next, is Burtport, Bunp’f 
 or rather Birtport, fand Bridport, and of 
 
 ^ faith 
 
jvm 
 
 P M 
 
 \6tllin(7/ian\ 
 
 •? ^ctcamlt' 
 
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 Lffn.iliii 
 
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 lit. CucKtnaUi 
 
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 ''■c„fr-,,i Steputaii'/t 
 
 7b O N 
 
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 Utan/ortiv 
 
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 V( 7 'i- ;■ Candcl 
 
 trancJ/rritaii 
 
 TarraitC i 
 ,t/pnkto(i 
 
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 mrl>i-. 
 
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 3s. L itch et L cehtBt 
 ,1/atrivenr * Bectccti 
 
 Biii.j/iam 
 
 J/c^.nA. 
 
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 VROTRIGI 
 
 \por/h;l "j 
 
 ^urncrJPuifa 
 
 V’allcr/lcw ^ 
 
 .. Puc\dleton^^ 
 
 Brankjeu^flitnel^ 
 
 ^£^BrthJiavenp0mt 
 ^Bratii/h/ Cci^Ht 
 i J * outkt Ptaf-eiL Tciiit 
 
 Bcrmotan 
 
 ■Warhani^ 
 
 -'^tvtrlrct'oitcrA 
 
 rR^TOVARfM 
 
 jf,i t Si^ 
 
 '■ ' Bfyrv 
 
 lof Pm 'beclc e 
 
 ^/twtcu bar jF 
 
 )'• Xarc/lon \ £ 
 
 J'/ter(crJ Srti^ ■ 
 2soJcf 
 
 Cos-fe P/7/?^^J^ 
 
 l!'itccjr?th'^. . 
 
 ■■■■.Spf^^xiiihrrS 
 
 £rac/n 
 
 feuc//,md Ca/t 
 nti^ilPcitnt 
 
 £a/t ChaiJon 
 
 yS:M 
 
 ''mnahn Jtchfdr,£c 
 
 Barnilc 
 
 Jutton 
 
 i‘ 7 Bracileji' 
 4 u Kunbt'iJ(7 * 
 
 ^eymoitl 
 
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 velooixih CReg*i.s 
 
 sJSafKkt/B Ct C. 7/? h 
 
 Pcrtht/i.i ' Lct/Ue 
 
 Scale, of fillies 
 
 5 , 
 
)3 
 
 DORSETSHIRE. 
 
 Dgford* 
 'k. ' 
 
 Aubr. 
 jn. Brit. 
 
 S. 
 
 faith Leland, written Bratefort ; 1 feaced between 
 two fmall rivers meeting there, in a foil which 
 produces the beft hemp. In this town, an hun- 
 dred and twenty houfes were computed in Ed- 
 ward the ConfelTor’s time ^ but in William the 
 Conbueror’s reign (as appears by Domefday- 
 book) there were no more chan an hundred. It 
 was heretofore fo famous for making ropes and 
 cables for ftiips, chat it was provided by a | fpe- 
 cial Law which was made to continue for a 
 certain time, that fuch tackle, for the ufe of 
 the Englifii Navy, fliould be made no where 
 elfe. Nor can this Place bear out the name of 
 a Port i tho’ at the mouth of the river that runs 
 by it, which is enclos’d with hills on both fide?. 
 Nature has projedled a very commodious place 
 for an harbour, and Teems to call upon Arc and 
 Indullry to finifii it. TAnd thefe, it was believ’d, 
 wou’d have elfefted it, till the Inhabitants of 
 lace years made the attempt, and fail’d in the 
 undertaking : the Tydes perpetually barring it 
 with Sand, againft which they could not find 
 any remedy. North-eaft from hence, is Wing- 
 ford-Eagk, * near which, in a ground call'd Fern- 
 du'wn^ upon the road to Bridport, is a barrow (a- 
 mong many others thereabouts,) which was 
 fearch’d and open’d Tome years fince. Upon 
 the firft removing of the earth, they found it 
 full of large flints, and at length came to a 
 place perfeaiy like an Oven, curioufly clay’d 
 round ; and in the midft of it a fair Um full of 
 very firm bones, with a great quantity of black 
 alhes under it. And, what is moft remarkable ; 
 one of the diggers putting his hand into the 
 Oven when firft open’d, pull’d it haftily back, 
 not being able to endure the heat i and feveral 
 others doing the like, affirm’d it to be hot e- 
 >. jorden nough CO bake bread, t The fame natural heat 
 Baths, is often found by our Mineral-men in their 
 4. p. xc6. j^ines, fo as, fometimes, they are not able to 
 touch them. Digging further, they met with 
 16 Urns more, but not in Ovens ; and in the 
 middle, one with ears; they were' all full of 
 interbornc. found bones and black alhes. Not far from hence 
 Aubr. is Winterborne'y [] in the Parilh whereof, within an 
 inclofure near the great road to London, Hand 
 certain ftones, nine in number, in a circular 
 form. The higheftis feven foot, the next higheft, 
 almoft fix I the reft are broken, and now not 
 above a yard high. And upon the fame road, 
 half a mile further, ftand three ftones which 
 are four foot high. The ftones of both thefe 
 Monuments feem to be petrify’d lumps of flinr.l 
 From Bridportf the lliore winding very much, 
 A heap ofruns ouc into the fea j where * a bank of gra- 
 nd. C. vel and pebbles thrown up, and call’d Cbeftl 
 .hefil, (with a narrow Sea running between it and the' 
 Seven Xe/.(hore) continues for f nine miles together; 
 >outh-eali. which, when |1 the fouth wind rifes, gives, and 
 ‘iorth-wefl cleaves afunder; but the * north 
 
 
 Aon. Brit. 
 AS. 
 
 [Mtland. 
 
 wind binds and confolidates it. By this (helf of 
 fandj Portland, formerly an Ifland^ is now joyn’d 
 to the Continent, As for the etymology of the 
 name, 1 know it not ; unlefs it be call’d Port- 
 land, becaule oppofite to the Port call’d fVeyrmuth , 
 bat it feems the better conjeflure of the twol 
 that it took it’s name from one Port, a gallant 
 Saxon, who about the year of our Lord 525. 
 annoy’d this coaft. This Portland, towards the 
 decline of the Saxon Government (for no men- 
 tion is made of it by Writers, before,) fuffer’d 
 as much by the Danes, as any place whatever. 
 But, after that war was at an end, it came to 
 Bor. win.ihe Church of Winchefter. For when Emma. 
 ’> the mother of King Edward the Confeffor (ha- 
 
 ving been accus’d of incontinency with Alwin 
 Bifhop of Winchefter, and her reputation at 
 ftake) clear’d her felf from the guilt in the Ca- 
 thedral Church of Winchefter, by palling, bare- 
 
 foot and unhurt, over nine red-hot plough-Shares 
 (which was a common way of tryal in thofe 
 days, call d Ordale,) lb as the miracle of her de- Tryal call’d 
 liverance prov’d the memorial gf her cliaftity yria/r, 
 to iucceeding generations ; (he, in memory of ''•So"’”"’. 
 
 gave nine farms to that Church : and her S'""'"/’ ■“ 
 Ion Edward, repenting that he had accus’d 
 mother wrongfully, laid this whole Illand, with 
 other revenues, to it. f After which dona- 
 tion of Edward, the Ifland continu’d in the 
 Church of Winchefter to the time of Edward r 
 in whofe reign Giifcrt * Earl of Hertford 
 and Gloucefter (probably looking upon it as an 
 impregnable place,) gave other Lands to the 
 Church in exchange for it j through whofe 
 heirs it came to the Crown.T It is fcarce feven 
 miles round ; fbut, faith Leland.ifa man (honld 
 compafs it by the very roots, and the deepeft ' 
 fiiore, it would amount to ten .1 A ridge of 
 rocks round it raifes it higher there, than in the 
 middle, where it is flat and low ; it is here and 
 there inhabited, and affords good plenty of 
 corn, with commodious pafture lor flieep ; but 
 lo little wood, that they are forc’d to make ufe 
 ot cow-dung dry’d in the Sun, for fewel. fin 
 the year 1652. it gave the title of Earl, to Ri- 
 chard Lord Weffon of Ntiland, Lord High Trea- 
 furer of England, who was fucceeded by feve- 
 ral of the fame family. And in the reign of 
 King William the ;d, mlliant Bmtinck was ad- 
 vanced to the honour of Earl olPortland, in con- 
 fideration of his great and faithful Services to 
 that Prince ; and was fucceeded therein by Hen- 
 ry his fon and heir ; now advanced to the fur- 
 ther dignity of Duke of Portland.'] 
 
 The inhabitants are the moft famous of all the 
 Englifli, for flinging of ftones. Among the fea- 
 weeds they often meet with Ijidit Plocamon that 
 is, //.'liaiV, which (as Pliny has it from Jub.i,)is m;, 
 a fort ot flirub produced by the fea, not unlike mo.,, IGs’s 
 Coral j ic has no leaves, and when cur, ic chan- hair, 
 ges colour, growing black and hard ; and the 
 leaft fall breaks it. TotheEaft, ic has one only 
 Church, and a few houfes adjoyning ; ffin Le- itinerar.MS. 
 land s titnc, the luand had about 8o in number, Vol. 3- 
 and there had been as many more, as appeared 
 by the ruins :)1 to the North, it has a Caftle 
 built by K. Henry 8, commanding the mouth of 
 the port call d This is a fmall town Weymouth, 
 at the mouth of the little river (Teyjfwhich gave 
 the title of Vifcount to the Right Honourable 
 Tiomas Phynne of Longlete ; created in the 34''’ 
 year of King Charles the fecond, Baron Thynne 
 of Warminfter, and Vifcount Weymouth .1 The 
 Wey fees upon the oppofite hank, Aft/waiJe, call’d Mdtomhc. 
 Melcombe Rtgii, that is, King’i Alelcombe, and par- 
 ted from Weymouth only by the harbour. The 
 privileges of a Port were raken from it by h& 
 of Parliament 3 but afterwards recover’d. Thefe ti Hen. e, 
 (ftanding, formerly, upon their diftind Immu- 
 nities, and rivalling each other,) are now uni- 
 ted by Ad of Parliament, (it is to be hop’d to 
 the benefit of both,) and having communicati- 
 on, by a Bridge * lately made, are very much * St. raid, 
 enlarg’d in buildings. ann. 1607, 
 
 From thence, the Ihore lies ftrait, to the Ille 
 oiPurbeck, which is full of heath, woods, and fo- p„rbetk. 
 refts, t well flock’d with Fallow-deer and flags Not fo 
 f( but the South part is very good land ,)1 and now. 
 under ground, here and there it has veins of 
 marble fand many forts of good ftone ; from 
 which (as Tradition informs us) the Cathedral 
 Church of Salisbury was fupply’d ; and large 
 quantities thereof are ftill carried to London, 
 to the great advantage of the Inhabitants.! In 
 the middle of it there Hood an old Caftle call’d 
 Corffe, a very ancient ruin, and at laft confum'd Corfe. 
 by Age ; but it is a notable memorial of theTheiii-wil! 
 fpite of Mothers-in-Iaw. For e^lfritb (to make “f Step- 
 way mothers. 
 
r, „ Vth,u„l ,n thp Throw) 1 fliould feem to have been formerly alfo a town 
 
 >.,av for f of feme note, and of good antiqnity. For it ,p. 
 
 /• ™-i f J _ I. _ - ^ 
 
 having a \ --- 
 
 Edward^ King of England, as he came from 
 ting fet certain Ruffians upon him, who Uew 
 
 . . ^ i_?i_ u:,. •n-on-mnrhf 
 
 CkTil. 
 
 him : while his impious fiep-inother glutted 
 her eyes with that bloody Scene. Which Itn- 
 
 nietv me afterwards us’d her utmoft endeavours 
 r . . ._i.t .u„ u..u:> o Mnn, ailQ 
 
 foexpiarej by caking the habit of a Nun, 
 building of Religious houles. fThe firft toun- 
 dation of this Caftle is not diftindUy clear d by 
 any hiftory; though there are fome circumltan- 
 ces chat feem to juftifie a conjedfure, of it s be- 
 ing built by King Edgar. For by an Inquifi^ 
 tion taken J4 Henry 3. concerning the Abbels 
 of Shafesbury’s claim of fVreck in her manour 
 of Kington in Purbeck, it is thus mention d 5 
 Juratores dkunt, &c. I e. the Jurors fay, 
 iore tbc building of the Cafile of Corffe, the Abbefs 
 and Nuns of Sr. Edward at ShaHon had the wreck of 
 the Sea within their manour of Kington, without ktt 
 or moleflation. Now, the Nunnery ot Shafion was 
 founded An. 941. by King Edmund ; after which 
 time the caftle muft have been built: and ic is 
 probable, this was not done in either of the 
 two fucceeding Reigns, which were but ftiort j 
 till Edgar (the peaceable, the rich, and the great 
 builder too, for he founded and repair’d 47 Mo- 
 nafteries,) came to the Crown. After the 
 ftrength and fafecy of the Realm began to con- 
 lift in Caftles, this was one of the chief, be- 
 longing to the Crown ; and in the 42 of Hen. j. 
 when Simon Montfort had taken the King pri- 
 foner, ic was the third Caftle requir’d to be 
 deliver’d up to that party j and was afterwards 
 by Mortimer look’d upon as the ficteft place, 
 wherein to fecure his prifoner Edward 2. It 
 was repair’d by King Henry 7. and in the late 
 Civil Wars was a garrifon for the King, and 
 defended by the owner of it, the Lord Chief 
 luftice Banks : nor did it come into the Enemies 
 hands, otherwife, chan by the treachery of one, 
 who pretending to have brought relief, let in 
 the befiegers. The town is one of the nine 
 burroughs of the County, which fend BurgelTes 
 to Parliament; and, what is remarkable, the 
 principal members ot it, (efpedally as many of 
 them as have born the Office of MayorJ are 
 call’d Barons ; as the Chief citizens of London 
 anciently were, and the governing part of all 
 the Cinque-ports (till are.l This Turbeck is call’d 
 an Ifland, though ic be but a Peninfula ; being 
 every way wafti’d by the fea, except weftward; 
 f(on which fide alfo, the river Frome, and ano- 
 ther little river, do almoft make ic an Ifland :)1 
 To the Eaft, the bank of the fea winds very 
 much inward, and finding a narrow inlet or 
 pafiage (oppofite to which, within, is an Ifland 
 with a block-houfe call’d Brenkfey fnow gone to 
 decay,!) widens ic felf into a bay of great breadth, 
 rin this Ifland, there is one family of the name 
 of CU'vil, recorded in Domefday-book to have 
 been here, in the time of the Conqueror.l 
 North of Turbeck, in a peninfula hard by, is 
 Took, a fmall town furrounded every way with 
 water, but to the north, where ic is joyn’d to 
 the continent, and has only one gate. It is not 
 unlikely, that ic took the name from a bay be- 
 low it, which, in a calm, looks like a ftanding 
 water, fuch as we call a Tool. This, in the latt 
 age rfave one,! was improv’d from a Sedge-plat 
 with a few Fifhermens huts, to a well frequent- 
 ed market-town, and grew exceedingly in 
 wealth, and in fair buildings. fLeland attri- 
 M. butes the rife of this Town to the decay of IVar- 
 ham ; imagining, that while the Ships could go 
 up fo far, and there unlade, ic was in a profpe- 
 I'ous condition ; but when for want of depth of 
 water they loft that road, they cook up aePeo/c, 
 .and fo by little and little enriched it. And yet it 
 
 pears by Records, that in the 2 of Edward 2, the 
 Free-Burgeffes of Poo/e (Thomas TUntagewt 
 of Lancafter being then Lord of ic in right of 
 his wife) paid to the faid Lord the fum of 
 8 13 J. (equal to about 80/. now,) for the 
 
 farm of their Liberties ; and in 14 Edward 5, 
 they fent BurgefTes to Parliament! King Hen- 
 ry 6. by Atftof Parliament transferr’d thefran- 
 chifes of the port of Melcombe, which he had 
 disfranchis’d, to this place ; and gave leave to 
 the Mayor to enclofe ic with walls, which were 
 afterwards begun at the harbour by Richard 3, 
 who defervedly bears the charadler of one of 
 the worft of men, and belt of Kings. But from 
 that time (by I know not what ill deftiny, or 
 rather negligence of the Inhabitants,) it has 
 been decaying ; fo that now the houfes, for want 
 of inhabitants, are dropping down. 
 
 Into the weft-corner of this bay, Frome ah- 
 mous river of this County difeharges ic felfjiromf. 
 for fo ic is commonly call’d, tho’ the Saxons 
 (as we learn from Afferius) nam’d ic Fpau; and 
 becaufe this bay was formerly call’d Fraumoittl),'p,iumv(i^ 
 later ages have probably imagin’d, that the 
 river was call’d Frome. Ic has its rife at Evarjhot, 
 near the weftern bounds of the fliire, from 
 whence ic runs Eaft ward by Frompton, to which 
 it gave the name ,* and is joyn’d by a rivulet 
 from the north that flows by Cerne Abby, which 
 was built by Auftin theEnglifh Apoftle,when heMateb, 
 had dafti’d to pieces the Idol of the Pagan Saxons 
 there, call’d Heil, and had deliver’d them from 
 their fuperftirious Ignorance. A little beneath 
 this, Fratf or Frome (call it which you pleafe) 
 dividing it felf, makes a kind of Ifland; and 
 firft vifics chat ancient town which in the Itine- 
 rary of Antoninus is call’d Durmvaria, that is,Dotc\ie[ler; 
 the pajfage over the river. Ptolemy, according to 
 different Copies, calls ic erroneoufly Durnim, 
 and Dunium. This has the name of the princi- 
 pal town of the County ; and yet it is neither 
 large nor beautiful, the walls having been pull’d 
 down by the Danes, who have thrown up feye* 
 ral Barrows about the town, fit has very wide 
 ftreets, and is delicately fituated on a rifing 
 ground, opening at the fouch and weft-ends, 
 into fweec fields and fpacious downs^ Icis a 
 Corporation, formerly govern’d by two Bai- 
 liffs and BurgefTes ; but ic was, in the 5 Cha. i, 
 incorporated a-new by the name of Mayor, 
 Bailiffs, Aldermen, and Burgeffes; with an en- 
 largement of Privileges, Franchifes, and Im- 
 munities. It appears, that in the 29 Henry 8, 
 ic contain’d 549 houfes.! This place daily dif- 
 covers very vifible tokens of Antiquity j fuch 
 are, the Roman military or confular way, with 
 brafs and filver coins of the Roman Emperors, 
 which the common people call King Dorns pence, 
 whom they fondly believe from the name to 
 have been the Founder of the town. Hn 
 time of the Romans, ic was one of the two witv 
 ter Stations of their Legions, mention’d in thole 
 parts ; Vindogladia (now Winburnef) being the 
 other.! And a mile off, there is a ditch with a, 
 Bulwark on the cop of an hill, pretty large 1“^ 
 circumference, and calVd Maiden-cafils, which 
 one may eafily fee was a Summer-Camp of thecaKl'- 
 Romans. rXhey who have curioufly view’d the 
 place, have trac’d-ouc the particular ufes ot 
 each part: as, that the weftern part of it, facing 
 the Tratorium, was for the foot, and it could 
 not contain lefs than three I.egions, about 
 18000 Soldiers : that the eaft part, behind the 
 Tratorium, was for the Horfe and Carriages: 
 and that, between both, on each fide the Tra- 
 torium, thQjribunes and other Officers werefea^' 
 ed. On the fouch fide of this work, is a place 
 
 feem- 
 
57 
 
 DORSETSHI RK 
 
 58 
 
 fcemingly the mouth of a hollow cave, which 
 fome nice Obfervejs will have to be artificial ; 
 but for what ufe it fhould be contriv’d, is alto- 
 gether uncertdin .1 This Town fuffer’d moft, 
 wlien the cruel and barbarous Sue»o renew’d the 
 Danilh Wars ; and when Hugh the Norman, a 
 
 Migree from a younger fon of Henry, the firft 
 Earl of Warwick of the Norman race ,• and 
 held here fVinfrott with the whole Hundred, WIftfrott. 
 (rhe gift of King Henry i.) fervlce of Cham- 
 herlam in chief of oar Lord the King^ as it is in the 
 Inquifition. But I have read, that in Edward 
 
 man of treacherous principles, and Governonr the 5 d’s reign, it was held in Sermnty, by hoU- 
 of thefe parts fuffer d the Country to be plun- bnfon for the King to wojh on hit Coronation- 
 
 det d and deftroy d. But in what condition it day. Ralph Moien likewife held the adioynine 
 was. about the hepinninp- of the Norman rimes I m M /? • /*i-. * . - 
 
 was, about the beginning of the Norman times, 
 learn, if you pleafe, from Domejday-hook. In 
 King Edward^ s reign j there were 170 houfes in Dor- 
 chefier • thefe defended themfelves for aH the King’s 
 fervicesj and f aid geld for ten hides, but to the work 
 >Buthfe^r- of * Hufcarls one mark of filver, excepting thofe cu~ 
 which were for one night’s entertainment. 
 T57. There were in it twb mint-majiers. There are now 
 ’ Ad firnsam 82 houfes ; and 100 have been totally demolijls’d, 
 flftis. pnee Hugh was Sheriff. If this language be ob- 
 feure and unintelligible, as Sextus Csecilius faid 
 in a cafe of the like nature, it is not to be im- 
 puted to want of Skill in the Writer, but to 
 want of Capacity in the Reader. fEromthis 
 place, Henry Lord Pierpoint, Earl of King- 
 ilon, Vifeount Newark, and Baron of Holme, 
 was created Maiquifs of Dorchefterin the 20'** 
 year of King Charles the firft ; who dying, 
 without iftue-male furviving,rhis title lay dead ; 
 tilTQueen Anne, in the fifth year of her reign, 
 advanc’d the right Honourable Evelyn, Earl 
 (and fmee, Duke) of Kingfton, to the title of 
 Marquifs of Dorchefter.l 
 
 Voodford. From hence the river Frome runs by Woodford, 
 Bjiient. C. where formerly Guido * de Brien, a'martial hero, 
 had a fmall cafUe 5 afterwards the habitation 
 of Humphrey Stafford of Suthwick, by whofe 
 Coheir it defeended (as 1 have been told) to 
 fSir Edmund Cheney, of Brook ; and by his 
 a'angwaics. daughter tol T. Strangwaies, a native of Lan 
 cafhire, who came to a fair eftate in this 
 country ; and whofe Pofterity built a very 
 fine Sear at Milbery. From hence it runs by 
 Byndon. Byndon, call’d by the Saxons Bean6un (which 
 likewife had its monaftery,) where Kinegilfe 
 in the year 614, fas is commonly faidT with 
 great difficulcy overcame the Bricains. fBur, it 
 is obfervable, that in all the Copies of the an- 
 cient Saxon Annals, the place of that Vidlory 
 is called BeamSune, and not BeanSun. And I 
 fee no reafon why this Adlion may not very 
 well be remov’d to Bampton, upon the borders 
 between Somerfeilhire and Devonjhire. The march 
 of the Britains, and all other circumftances, do 
 no lefs agree to this 5 and the old name does 
 much better fuit it, it being ufual for after-ages 
 m add the ( p ) after ( m ) to ftrengchen (as 
 it were) the pronunciation. Unlefs one fiiould 
 fuppofe that Bcamdune was the ancient name of 
 Byndon, and that thofe works upon a hill fouth 
 of it (namely a double-form’d camp) were 
 So fald, done by one of thofe two People.l f Some time 
 in. 1607. fince, it was the feat of the Lord of Marney : 
 and afterwards gave the honorable title of Vif- 
 counc to Thomas Howard Knight of the Garter, 
 whofe father nam’d Thomas (fecond fon of Tho- 
 mas Howard, the fecond Duke of Norfolk of chat ■ 
 name) Q. Elizabeth created Vifeount Howard of 
 Byndon, when by marrying fElizabech"! daugh- 
 ter and heir of Baron Marney, he came to the 
 wboroiigh. great eftate of the Newboroughs in thefe parts. 
 fAnd in the f'*' year of Queen Anne, Henry 
 Howard, Lord Walden, cldeft Son to the Earl 
 of Suffolk, was created Baron of Chefterford 
 and Earl of Bindon.l The Family juft now 
 mention d, who are called de Novoburgo, com- 
 monly Newborougb, r(to whofe Eftate the Family 
 of Marney came by John Lord Marney, father 
 of the faid Elizabeth, marrying the daughter 
 and heir of SirRe^er Newborougb, )~\ derive their 
 
 manour of Owres by fervice of Sergeanty in the 
 htebin (the gift aUb of King Henry i : ffand 
 imee, the pofftfTion of the Lord Stourton, as be- 
 ing defeended of William de Stourton^ who in 
 the time of Richard 2, married Elizabeth, the 
 daughter, and afterwards heir3 of Sir John 
 Moigne; )1 and R. de Welles held the manour of 
 Welles adjoyning, ever fince the conc^uefi of England, 
 by the fervice of being Baker. But this, by the 
 way. 
 
 Where Frome difeharges it felf into the bay 
 on which Toole is feated, near the mouth of it 
 iUn^sWarham, by the Saxons call’d Weapeharn,Warham. 
 very ftrong and fccure on ail fides but the weft 
 being every way elfe encompaffed, by the ri- 
 ver Trent, tht Frome, and the feaj fand fortified 
 on the weft-fide, as alfo on the eaft, with earth- 
 en walls, both ftrong and high.l In Edward 
 the Confeffor’s time (as it is recorded in Domef- 
 had 148 houfes, and two mlnt- 
 mafters ^ but in William the Conqueror’s days, 
 there were but 70 houfes. Afterwards, it re- 
 flourifli’d, and was in great profperity (fortify’d 
 with walls quite round, had a mint-office, was 
 full of inhabitants, and had a very ftrong caftle, 
 built by William the Conqueror,) till the reign 
 of Henry the fecond. But from that time, ic 
 fuffer’d much by the wars and the cafualties of 
 fire, together with the fea’s robbing them of 
 their haven, and fo is well-nigh run to ruin j 
 and the ground that was in the very heart of 
 the ancient town, produces great quantities of 
 garlick. fit is probable enough, chat this arofe 
 out of the ruins of a little poor place call’d 
 Stowborougb, (in the fame manner, as the pre- 
 fenc Salisbury has rifen out of the ruins of the 
 oldj) for Stowborougb, tho’ but a mean place,Stowborough, 
 IS ftiii govern’d by a Mayor j which fliews, 
 that ic has formerly been much more confidera- 
 ble; and the natural ftrength of Warbam, among 
 ocher things, might invite them, in thofe crouble- 
 fome times, to remove thither. At prefenc, 
 there are not the leaft remains of the Caftle be- 
 foremencion’d ; only, the ground upon which 
 it was built, is call’d An Argument 
 
 of its once flouriffiing condition, is the num- 
 ber of Churches, which they reckon were in 
 all 8 i but now only three are us’d. The eaft 
 part alfo of the town, and much of the weft, 
 is now turn’d to gardens j but the principal 
 ftreets remain ftili.l 
 
 The little river Trent has likewife it’s mouth Trent, 
 here, named fo by Ajfer, tho’ the inhabitants 
 call ic now Fiddle i from whofe northern bank, 
 fcarce three miles off, I faw the ruinous walls 
 of an old Abby call’d Middleton, which King Middleton. 
 Athelftan founded by way of atonement for 
 caking away both the life and Crown of his 
 brother Edwin. For when his ambitious defire 
 of government had overcome the principles of 
 natural juftice, he put the poor youth who was 
 heir apparent to the Crown, with his little page, 
 into a * fmall skiff without any tackle, chat he* Aftuariola. 
 might charge the Sea with his own guilt : And 
 Edwin, helplefs, and diftradled with grief, 
 threw himfelf headlong into the fea. fThe 
 greaceft part of the Abby is ftilt ftanding, as 
 having been the feat of the Tregonwells from 
 the time of the Diffolucion ; from whom ic 
 came (by the marriage of the daughter and 
 H heic 
 
R I 
 
 6o 
 
 heir of lohn Tregoniveu) to uio 
 
 ^nd from 'hem, by m^n.ge. to the 
 
 •Onthewell.^j, ' f * Beneath this A/tMtt«», ano 
 
 ^=‘.'-1''"= rr litde titter rifes, which runs by ajmall 
 
 Church. 
 
 Bere 
 
 Lt^ket town call’d L,. where for a long t.me 
 the ancient and famous family 
 
 Turtefill. commonly call’d T’»rfer««, had their fea. 
 
 But to return to the weft part ot me inne 
 At the rife of Frame where the foil is exceeding 
 frnhfol B(«iw»«-foreft (once »cll wooded 
 now mote naked,) affords very good hunting. 
 Forettof It is commonly call’d Tfe/OT/f 
 mite-hart, p > io„g fince disfotefted .1 The Inhabi 
 
 have a tradition, concerning the occaf.on of 
 the name. That King Henry hunting here 
 
 and having rundown feveral Deer, fP'" f 
 mof ^mUk-whi,e bar,, which afterwards T * 
 
 U Linde, a gentleman of this County, and his 
 company, took and kill’d ; but they were foon 
 mad^ fenfible, how dangerous it is to Pt°™^ 
 a Lyon. For the King, being highly incens d 
 at \l fin’d them fevetely, and the very Lands 
 
 SL^rtnualira^pSr 
 
 S11r»! Tchluke^fe call’d 
 f This feems borders upon this foreft ; formerly Scipebupn, 
 to have been l . ^ ftrinz of clear water j fand accordingly^ 
 
 only Lett. L^iana faith, in fome old Evidences termed 
 Son,. F»». Chr«t^ It is plac’d on the decline of a 
 Fora liiupi- hill: and is very pleafant (as Malmsbury writes) 
 h reafan of the multitude of inbahitanu, and a ie- 
 lihtil fiiaaiUn : It is at prefent the moft fre- 
 qtemed town in this County, their woollen 
 manufaaure turning to great account. fLeland 
 faith, in his time, it was about two miles in 
 compafs ; and fubfifted partly by m^ng^ of 
 Cloath, but moftly by all manner of Trades, 
 iovntly .1 In the year of our Lord 704. an Epi- 
 fcopai See was eredled here ; and Aldelrn was 
 confecrated the firft Bilhop. Afterwards, in the 
 reign of King Etheldred, Herman, Biinop of 
 being advanc’d to this Biftioprick, trans- 
 ferr’d his Epifcopal See hither, and annext the 
 Bifiioprick of Sunning to it^ which in William 
 the Conqueror’s reign he remov’d to Salisbury, 
 referving Sbirburn to his fuccelTors for a retiring 
 place \ to whom it belong’d for many ages 5 and 
 one of them, nam’d R-oger, built a fortify’d caftle 
 in the Eaft part of it, beneath which was a 
 large marfh, and many filh-ponds •, but thefe 
 being fill’d up, are converted into fruitful mea- 
 dows. fAnd as all the old Bifliopricks have 
 been cruelly lopp’d ; fo Salisbury has loft this 
 fthe chief rents only referv’d,) to the Crown. 
 The main ufe it hath ferv’d, has been to gra- 
 tifie great Favourites ; none of whom having 
 long enjoy’d it, a remark hath been niide, from 
 this and other like inftances. That Church- 
 lands will not ftick by Lay-owners .1 
 
 The Cathedral Church, immediately upon 
 the tcanflation of the See, was converted into 
 a monaftery, and feems very ancient j though 
 * Not many. many years ago, in an uproar between the 
 C. townfmen and the monks, it was fet on fire j 
 
 the figns of which appear plainly at this day in 
 4 Aduflus the t blacknefs of the ftones. fThis quarrel 
 color, ^as Leland tells us) was occafioned by the Monks 
 taking the liberty to Bapdfe in the Chapel of 
 All-ballowes ^ the Font-ftone whereof, one of the 
 Ivell. rh. Townfmen defaced .1 Below this, the river Ivell 
 (of which we fhall fpeak elfewhere,) with ma- 
 ny turnings and windings, runs weftwartl, to 
 II Maulbauch. Clifton, formerly the feat of the family of j] Mai- 
 
 ^ tirViJ/'k A cCf'ottA Ku Inhpriruncf 
 
 More to the Ball, the famous river Siom 
 (rifmg out of fix Springs in Wiltlliire, and yield- 
 ing great plenty of Tench and Eel) flows to 
 Stourton, the (ear of the Barons of SfcMitev.StQurton, 
 When it firft enters this County, it runs by 
 G;«iWj«m-foreft, where Edmund firnam’dJrra-Qillintkm, 
 ftde defeated the Danes in a memorable battle ; 
 and then vifits Shaft, bury three miles oft, (eatedShafolw,, 
 on the top of a high hill ; by the Britains call’d 
 Caer Paladnr (as the common people fallly ima- 
 ein) and Septonia : by the Saxons Sceap..eibypyg, 
 perhaps from the remarkable Chutch-fpite, 
 which they call a Sohiaf. A little before the 
 Normans came in, it had 104 houfes, and three 
 mint-inafters, as I have read in Domelday-Book, 
 fo often cited. It was afterwanjs more famous 
 for a Nunnery founded by the pious Lady 
 Elfgiva, wife to Edmund great * Grandfon of* f*t)* 
 King Alfred ; and had in it about ten Patilh- 
 Churches. But it is moft remarkable, for what 
 our Hiftorians fay of one Ayaila, who prophe-TktPtj 
 
 uui 11111 _ ; T3..:.:fu pWof 
 
 our ililioiicinb i«iy uuv ^i^***'**, »»i*v 
 fy’d concerning the change of the Bridfii go-^" 
 vernment. Some think it was the bird calld ^ 
 
 verniiiGiit.. — — W 
 
 Aquila, an Eagle ; others, that it was a perfon 
 of that name, who foretold that the govern- 
 ment of Britain, after having been in Saxon 
 and Norman hands, fhould return at length to 
 the ancient Britains : And thefe would have the 
 town to be older than time it felf ; tho’ it was 
 undoubtedly built by King Alfred. For Malms- 
 bury the hiftorian has told us, that there was an 
 ancient ftone in his time, remov’d out of the 
 ruins of the walls into the Chapter-houle of the 
 Nuns, which had this infeription : 
 
 ANNO DOMINICAE INCAR- 
 
 nationis aelfredvs rex 
 FECIT HANC VRBEM. DCCCLXXX. 
 REGNI SVI VIII. 
 
 King Alfred built this city in the year of our Leri 
 DCCCLXXX. and the eighth year of bis reign. 
 
 C. 
 
 Clifton. 
 
 lUilllCiiy lUC 1C«»L Ul xaiiJiij x->i [j 
 
 baneb, from which it defeended by Inheritance 
 to the family of the Horfeies, Knights, fand from 
 them, by purchafe,co the Heles ; and now it be- 
 , longs CO the Hervies *,1 and here the Ivell enters 
 Somerfetlhire. 
 
 I was the more willing to infert this Inferip- 
 tion for clearing of the truth, becaufe it is 
 wanting .in all the Copies I have feen, except 
 one which belongs to the Lord Burghky, Lord 
 Treafurer of England, f This place gave the 
 title of Earl to Sir Anthony AJhley Cooper, Lord 
 Afhley of Winburn St. Giles, in the twenty 
 fourth year of King Charles the fecond ; m 
 which year he was alfo made Lord Chancellor 
 of England.! _ . 
 
 From thence the Stoure, running by Marnbtii’Smt- 
 (from which Henry Howard had his title of Ba- 
 ron Howard of Marnhill, before he was crea- Baron » 
 cedEarl of Northampton fand which 
 the pofleffion of the HuJJies,)'\ makes to 5 fo«r* 
 minfier, chat is, a monaftery or minjier upon tbs 
 Stoure, a very mean town, and of a low n- 
 tuation ; to which Newton-ca.ft[& is joyn d by 
 a ftone bridge, where there is a mole of wnh 
 rais’d with no fmall pains, fand cut-off by 
 a deep and wide ditch from the high land 
 behind it ; 1 but nothing remains of the Calhe, 
 lave the name. Nor is there any thing of greater 
 Antiquity relating to this place, chan that 
 Alfred by Will gave Stourminfier to his 
 fon ^ fand that loo years after, King 
 gave it (being ;o Hydes) to the Abby of GUl- 
 fenbury ; as King Edmund Ironfide gaveNfU'- 
 ton~Ca(lle (being 17 Hydes) to the fame Abby* 
 both which are now part of the poffefiions 0 
 the Frekes!^ In the neighbourhood, at Sillep^s 
 are two pretty high hills ; one call’d 
 with a* treble rampire 5 the ocher, treble, ^ 
 
 with a fingle rampire 5 and it may feeni 
 have been a Camp, where the enemies to the 
 more fettled garrifon in Hameldon, lodged. By 
 
 whom 
 
62 
 
 6i 
 
 DORSETSHIRE. 
 
 whom it was call upj is hard to determine ; 
 however, we may more fafely conclude ic to 
 have been a work of the Danes, than of the 
 Romans, both becaufe of it’s irregularity, and 
 it’s being omitted by Antoninus. The place where ! 
 thefe hills are, is at prefent call’d ShiltiT>g(ton ^ 
 and more anciently AukforJ-Eskillitfg, as having 
 been the polTeffion of the family of EskiUing -1 
 Not far off ( I cannot be particular in the 
 Okeford. place) wzs Okeford, fwhichy in the reign of K. 
 Stephen or before, was the inheritance of the 
 great Family Lincolnia (call’d by the French 
 de Nicboly) and Alured being an ufual name in 
 that family, it was fometimes nam’d Auckford 
 Aluredy as in the 9 Edw. 1 • and fometimes Auck- 
 ford Hicboly as in the 10 Edward i ^ when the 
 Lord thereof procur’d ic a Fair and Market. 
 The difference and reafon of the name, is the 
 more worthy of obfervation, becaufe itfecures 
 lis againft an error, chat thele might be diftint^ 
 places.! Afterwards, it was the chief Barony of 
 Robert the fon of PagaPy commonly call’d Ftlz,- 
 Payne : he married the daughter of Guido de 
 •Brienc.C. who alfo had his Barony in thefe wc- 
 
 )u2d Bar. ftsrn parts in Edward the ;d’s reign ; but for 
 ar. i.p.572* want of heirs male of the family of Fitz-Payne, 
 r(from whom the common people^ to this day, 
 corruptly call the place Fipenny Okford,)! the 
 Brient. C. titles of Baron Fitz-PaynCy and * BrieVy coming 
 S°Pay«e, Poynings (Barons alfo in that age,) 
 
 srons'^B^- did by a daughter of their family, in the 
 r, Barons reign of Henry 6, Center (together With the Poj- 
 tynings. nings) in the Percies Earls of Northumberland. 
 The lafl,C. But within the memory of the flaft age fave 
 one, by the favour of Henry the dignity of 
 Baron Poynings reviv’d in Thomas PoyningSy a war- 
 like-man, who had many illegitimate children ,* 
 and, with him, ic foon expir’d. 
 
 Brienfton, From hence, the Stoure paffes by Brknfiony that 
 is, Brientiuss towny the feat of the ancient and 
 Knightly family of the Rogers, fin which fa- 
 mily it continu’d, till Sir William Portman pur- 
 chas’d it, who left ic to Henry Portmassy his adop- 
 ted heir ; and he, by buildings and otherwife, 
 much adorn’d and improv’d it. This was held 
 in Grand Sergeanty by a pretty odd jocular 
 tenure ; viz. By finding a man to go before the King’ 
 army for forty days when he (Isould make war in Scot- 
 land ((omQ Records fay in Walesy) bare-headed and 
 hare-footedy in bis Shirt and Linnen-drawerSy holding 
 in one hand a bow without a firingy in the other an 
 Bhndford. arrow without feathers.^ Next it goes to Blandfordy a 
 Market-town ; which, having been by an acci- 
 Thekft, C. dent burnt down in the* laft age fave one, was 
 rebuilt, with great advantage, in point of beauty 
 and number of inhabitants, f This is an ancient 
 burroughj which in the 22 Edward 5. and the 53 
 Edward 3. fent Burgeffes to Parliament, in 
 the 34 Edward i. Henry Lacy Lord of the ma- 
 nour of Kingfion-Lacyy had divers Burgeffes in 
 ic, belonging to that manour, paying in all 
 40/. a year, rent ; and of lace years, it hath 
 been honour’d, by giving the Title of Mar- 
 quifs to the llluftrious General, John Duke 
 of Marlborough.! From thence, flowing by 
 Tarrent r(parcof the large poffeflioiis of Henry 
 Portman')~\ where Richard Poor Bifliop of Salisbu- 
 ry founded a little Nunijery , ic haftens to that 
 ancient town, call’d Vin%gladiay and mention’d 
 by Antoninus ^ by the Saxons call’d Wynbupn- 
 ’inburne. bam, now Commonly IVinburney and from its 
 Monaftery, Winburnminfer : From hence ic is 
 juft 16 miles to Dorcbejier ■, the fame diftance 
 that Antoninus makes between Vindogladia and 
 Durnovaria. 1 fuppofe, it took the name from 
 its fiiuation between two rivers ftlie Stoure 
 and Alen for IVindugledy in Bririfli fignifies, 
 between two fwords ; and, that ihe Britains 
 call’d their Rivers peculiarly by the name of 
 fwordsy is plain from AberdugUdiau (the Briiifb 
 
 Stoure. 
 
 A!en. 
 
 Iname of Milford-baveny) that is, the mouth of two 
 fwords becaufe two rivers call’d Glediauy chat is, 
 fwordsy run into it. The modern name alfo 
 Teems to be taken front Ritters ; for Whhurm is 
 a compound of Vin a piece of the old word^ and 
 the Saxon Baroe lignifying a river ; by the ad- what 
 dicion ot which word, they were went to among the 
 exprefs the names of places that flood by the 
 water-fide. The town is feared at the foot of 
 a hill ; being large, and very well inhabited. 
 
 Ic was of great reputation in the Saxon times j 
 I believe, upon no other account, but for the 
 Remains of the Roman magnificence^ In the 
 1" “tJ filler to Ina King of xhe S«on 
 the Welt-Saxons, being weary of a marry’d life. Annals, 
 had procur’d a divorce from her husband the 
 King of the Northumbrians 1 fiie founded a 
 Nunnery here, which being confum’d by Age, 
 a new Church was eredled in the place, with a 
 fair vault under the Choir, and a very high fpire 
 (befides thefteeple,) Twhich is now fain, and 
 nothing remains, but the fine Tower on which 
 it ftood.1 Into this. Prebendaries were intro- 
 duc d, inftead of Nuns; where, in the memory 
 of the laft age fave one, Reginald Poole was *The laft. 
 Dean, who afterwards was made Cardinal, and C. 
 Archbifhop of Canterbury ; adding to the no- 
 bility of his Birth (for he had royal blood in his 
 veins) the Ornaments of piety, wifdom, and 
 eloquence. THe was fon to Margaret Poole, 
 
 Countefs of Salisbury and daughter to George 
 Duke of Clarence, who was 'brother to King 
 Edward the fourth.! King Etheldred (one of 
 the beft of Princes, and brother of Alfred) who 
 was flain in a battel with the Danes at Witting- 
 hawy lies buried in this Church ; upon whole 
 comb (tnoc long fince repair’d) this infeription + So faia, 
 is to be read: ann. 1607. 
 
 IN HOC LOCO QVIESCIT 
 CORPVS S. ETHELDREDI R E- 
 G I S W E S T-S A X O N V M, M A R T Y- 
 RIS, QVI ANNO DOMINI DCCCLXXII. 
 
 XXIII. APRILIS, PER MANVS 
 DANORVM PAGANORVM OC- 
 CVBVIT, i.e. 
 
 In this place rejls the body of S. Etheldred King of 
 
 Weft-Saxons, Martyr y who in the year of cur 
 Lord DCCCLXXII. on the XXllI of Aprily fell 
 by the hands of the Pagan Danes. 
 
 Near whom, lies buried Gertrude Marchionefs of 
 Exeter, and mother of Edward Courtney, the 
 laft Earl of Devonftiire of that family ; and on 
 the other fide of the Choir, John de Beaufort 
 Duke of SomerfeCj with his wife ; whofe daugh- 
 ter Margaret Countefs of Richmond, Mother 
 of Henry 7. a Princefs of extraordinary piety, 
 founded a Ichool in this place for the education 
 of youth ; r which hath fince been confiderably 
 improved, by the bounty of Queen Elizabeth.! 
 
 But to fhift the feene from the Church to the 
 Town. When the Danes endeavour’d to raife 
 a civil War among the Englifh, and had broken 
 the alliance between King Edward the elder, 
 and /Echelwald his kinfman ; ^thelwald, high- 
 ly ambitious of Government, and out of an in- 
 veterate hatred to his Prince, fortified this place 
 with the ftrongeft Works he could contrive. 
 
 But affoon as Edward approach’d with his Ar- 
 my, and had encamp’d at Baddan-bypig, now 
 call’d Badburyy he fled to his Confederates thcBadbury. 
 Danes. This Badbury is a hill fcarce two miles 
 off, entrench’d with a triple ditch, where, they 
 fay, a Caftle flood, formerly the feat of the 
 Weft-faxon Kings. But if ever there was fuch 
 a one, ic is now fo entirely deftroy’d, that I 
 could not difeover the leaft footfteps of it. flc 
 
DUROTRIGES. 
 
 63 
 
 is probable, thac this was a fummer-Station of 
 a Legion, or part of a Legion, which might 
 have their winter-Scation at J-Einburne. Batj 
 however this may be ; that it belong’d to the 
 Romans, is evident from their coins found 
 there ^ where alfo a Roman Sword, and divers 
 Urns, have been lately dug^up : and, what puts 
 it beyond all difpute, is, a FoJ]t--way beginning 
 there, which leads to Sorbiodurmm or old Sails- 
 buryJ] 
 
 In the neighbourhood, I faw Kingfbonj a little 
 Kingflon- village, call’d King(ion~Lacyj becaufe it belong’d 
 to the Lacys Earls of Lincoln^ together with Win- 
 burn ; to whom it came by bargain and fale, 
 thro’ the hands of ^incie Earl of Winchefter, 
 from the Earls of Leicefter ,• (for King Henry i . 
 gave it to Robert Earl of Mellenc and Leice- 
 iler j ) and at laft, both places came to the houfe 
 of Lancafler, who (as lhave faid) had a par- 
 ticular favour for JVinburn. fit is now called 
 Kinglbon-hall, and the poffeflion of the family of 
 Banksj of whom Sir Ralph Banks built upon it 
 a ftacely houfe ; and his Grandfather Sir John 
 Banks bought it of the adopted Son of Charles 
 Blunt Earl of Devonfhire, to whom it was given 
 by Kingjames i j having come to the Crown 
 by Henry 4, Son to John of Gaunt Duke of 
 Lancafter.l At a little diftance from Winburny 
 Alen. the Stcure receives a fmall river call’d AUn ; up- 
 on which ftands St. Giles Winburn, the feat of 
 the honourable and ancient Family of A^dey^ 
 Knights, fit came by defcent to the Earl of 
 Kmgbts. $hafcsbury, from Sir Anthony Afhley {who was in 
 feveral publick Employments, in the reign of 
 Queen Elizabeth i) behaving given his only 
 daughter and heir in marriage to Sir John Cooper 
 of Rockbourn in Hampfiiire, who had ilfue by 
 her. Sir Anthony Aflsley Cooper who in the year 
 1661. was made a Peer of this Realm by the 
 title of Baron A(hley of Winburn St. Giles ; having 
 chofen that title purfuant to an Article in the 
 aforefaid Marriage, That if Sir John Cooper or his 
 Heirs fhould come to be honoured with the de- 
 gree of Peerage, they fliould take that for their 
 title.l Upon the fame river, ftands Wickbampten, 
 once the patrimonial eftace of the Barons of 
 Uiitnvets. Maltravers ; the laft of whom, in the reign of 
 Edward ;• left only two daughters ; one, mar- 
 ry ’d to John de Arundel y the grandfather of John 
 Earl of Arundely who left to his heirs the title of 
 Baron of Maltra'vcrs ; the other, to Robert leRouSy 
 and afterwards to John Keynes Knight. From 
 Canford. hence the pafles by Canford ‘yhe>\ow which, 
 James Baron of Montjoy (a great Virtuofo, par- 
 Coperas. licularly in Metals,) began to make Coperas and 
 Alum. Alum. It was from this place alfo, that John 
 Earl of Warren forcibly took away Alice Lacy 
 the wife of Thomas Earl of Lancafter, to his 
 own great ftiame, and no lefs damage to all 
 England ; as appears at large by our Chroni- 
 cles. Here, the river Stoure leaves Dorfetfhire 
 and running thro’ fome parts of Hancfhire, dif- 
 charges it felf into the Ocean j having firft re- 
 Cranborne. ceiv’d a little river which runs by Cranborne a 
 * Ayuh ir- * Town very well water’d j where in the year 
 iguum. our Lord 930. z^ilward a nobleman (llrnam’d 
 Meav^ from his fair complexion,) founded a little 
 Monaftery, which Robert Fitz-Haimon a Norman 
 (to whom the Eftate of iEilward defeended) re- 
 mov’d to Tewkesbury ’y leaving only a Monk or 
 two here. From tAEilwardy it came through the 
 hands of the Clares Earls of Glocefter, and 
 Burbs Earls of Ulfter, to Lionel Duke of Cla- 
 vifeoune rence, and by him to the Crown. Robert Cecil 
 Cranborne. was Vifcount of Cranborne-, whom Kingjames 
 1604. fthe iftl in the firft year of his reign, did, in 
 confideration of his great Wifdom, honour with 
 the title of Baron Cecil of Ejfendon ^ in his fe- 
 cond year, with that of Vifcount Cr4»W- and 
 in his third, with the title of Earl of Salisbury. 
 
 fOn Hambledon-hilly at the end of Cranborri-AuT^ 
 chafe, is an ancient Camp ; and another nearickri^'jl^'’'’^ 
 on Hod-hill ; in, or near the firft of which 
 Roman Coins are faid to have been dug-up .1 * 
 Touching the Earls and MarquelTes of thisEai 
 County; William the Conquerour, alToon asMarlS 
 he had got the Crown, made Ofmundy who was^^^Ve; 
 Earl of Seez, in Normandy, Biftiop of Salisbury 
 and firft Earl of Dorfer, and alfo his own 
 cellour ; having a peat opinion of his piety, 1189]^’'“ 
 wifdom, and Abilities. A long time after, Ri-Sectle 
 chard 2. in the 21ft year of his reign advanc’d of 
 John de Beaufort y fon to John of Gaunt and Earl^°"'"^'^ 
 of Somerfer, to be Marquefs of Dorfet ; of 
 which honour he was afterwards deprived by 
 Henry the 4'^, out of fpite to Richard 2. And 
 when, in full Parliament, the Houle of Com- 
 mons (with whom he was much in favour) did 
 earneftly intercede, thac his dignity of Mar- 
 quefs might be reftor’d ; he utterly refus’d it, 
 as an upftart title, never known in the world 
 before j and his younger Brother Thomas de 
 Beaufort was Created Earl of Dorler, who af- 
 terwards, for his great valour, was honour’d 
 by Henry f. with the title of Duke of Exeter, 
 and the Government of the County of 
 court. For he gallantly defended Harfew in 
 Normandy againft the French, and defeated 
 the Earl of Armeniac in a pitch’d battel. After 
 his deceafe without iftue, Henry 6. created Ei/- 
 mundy of the fame houfe of Lancafter, firft 
 Earl, and then Marquefs, of Dorfety and at laft 
 Duke of Somerfet ; whofe fons being all cut- 
 off in the Civil Wars, and the Houfe of Lan- 
 cafter quite routed, Edward 4. created Thomas 
 Grey ot the family of RuthitSy who was his fon- 
 in law (for the King had marry’d Grey’s mo- 
 ther,) Marquefs of Dorfer, when in right of 
 his wife he was come to the great eftace of the 
 Bonvils in this and the neighbouring Counties. 
 
 Thomas his fon, and Henry his grandfon by the 
 faid Thomas, fucceeded him ; which laft was 
 created Duke of Suffolk by Edward 6, upon 
 his marriage with Frances, daughter of Charles 
 Brandon Duke of Suffolk, and Neice to King 
 Henry 8, by his fifter. He fuffer’d for High- 
 Treafon in Queen Mary’s reign ; having had 
 too Ute Experience, how dangerous a thing it 
 is CO marry into Royal Families, and to en- 
 courage one’s felf, or others, in that kind of 
 Ambition. 
 
 From this time, the title of Dorfet was con- 
 ferr’d on none ; till Kingjames fthe firftl in 
 the beginning of his reign, advanc’d Thomas 
 Sackvily Baron of Buckhurft, Lord Treafurer 
 of England ( a perfon of great Wifdom and 
 Application ) to the Earldom of Dorfet j as a 
 juft reward of his extraordinary meric, and emi- 
 nent fervices to the Publick. fWho dying of 
 an Apoplexy, April 19. 1608, was fucceeded 
 by Robert his fon and heir ; whofe fecond fon 
 Richard fucceeded his father ; Thomas the eldeft 
 fon dying before, and unmarry’d. This Ri- 
 chard dying without iffue, his younger brother 
 Sir Edward Sackvil fucceeded him in his ho- 
 nours, who, firft, was Lord Chamberlain to 
 Queen Mary, wife of King Charles r, and aft I 
 cerwards Lord Chamberlain to the King. His 
 fon Richard was next Earl, and was fucceeded 
 by Charles his fon by the Lady Frances, daughter 
 to Leowel Earl of Middlefex, and at length heir 
 CO James Earl of Middlefex her brother; upon 
 which account the faid Charles was created Earl 
 of Middlefex by Letters Patents bearing date 
 April 14. 27 Car. 2 ; in which honours, he was 
 fucceeded by his only Son Lionel-Cranfield Sack- 
 vily the preienc Earl.T 
 
 There are in this County 24S Pariflsts. 
 
 More 
 
DORSETSHIRE. 
 
 66 
 
 More rare Plants growing Wild in Dor- 
 fetfliire. 
 
 Calamogroftis five GramehtomentofumP*jr* 5 . 
 Gramen comenrofumj Calamograftis quorun- 
 dam, & vulgi Gramen plumofum Lob. Belg. Gr. 
 flrundinaceura panicula molli fpadicea majus 
 C. B. The [oft or woolly Reed-graJS. This growetb in 
 the borders of dry fields in many Countries of this 
 Kingdom^ effecially in Dorfetjhire Park. p. 1182.. 1 
 am fufftciousj there will he Ho fuch grafs found in 
 this or any other County of England : neither am 1 
 fatisfied what fort of Grafs Lobel meant by this 
 title. See his defcription of^ his own tranjlation out of 
 his Dutch Herbal^ in Tarkinfon. 
 
 Carduus ftellatus luteus foliis Cyani C. B. Sol- 
 ftitialis G. R. Spina Solftitialis y. B. Cardui ftel- 
 laci varietas, jacea iutea clufiiic^. S. Barnabfs 
 ThiHle. By the hedges not far from Cirencefier in 
 GloceBerfiiire. Mr. Boberc. 
 
 Cyperus longus Ger. longus odoratus Fark. 
 odoratus radice longa, feu Cyperus Officinarum 
 C. B. panicula fparfa fpeciofa y. B. The ordinary 
 
 fwta Cyfcru! grafi or Evglijh GalimU. Found by 
 
 Mr. Newton in tht IJk of Vmbtck, Dorfetihm. 
 
 Gale frutex odoratus Septentrionalinin, Elat- 
 agnusCordi ,3^. B. Myrtus Brabantica, five Els- 
 agnus Cordi Ger. Rhus myrtifolia Belgica C B 
 Syltreftris five Myrtus Brabantica vel Anglica 
 C. B. Gaule, fweet WillotB or Dutch Myrtle. In 
 a low level marjh-ground near Wareham in tbit Conn- 
 tyy plentifully. 
 
 Malva arborea marina noftras PdrEEvfM S.a 
 ■nee-mullow. About the cottage, of the Village call’d 
 ChifTel tn Fortland IJland. 
 
 Sedum Portlandicum Ad. Lob. majus marinum 
 Angiicum Fark. Fortland Sengreen. Lobel writing fo 
 ambiguoujly of this flant^ and we having notfeen nor 
 heard of it at Fortland , I jhould not have thought it 
 worth mentioning, but that 1 find it in [owe Catalogues 
 of Gardens. * 
 
 Vermicularis frutex minor Ger. frucicofa al- 
 tera^ Fark. Sedum minus frufticofum C. B. An 
 Cali fpecies feu Vermicularis marina arbore- 
 fcens J. B. Shrub-Stonecrop, or rather Clajfwort. On 
 the fione batch running from the fisore of DorfetMrie 
 almofi to fortland IJland, 
 
 B E L G iE. 
 
 t 
 
B E L G 
 
 EXt the Durotriges, to the North and Eafi, were the Belga^j w;^/row 
 the name and other good authorities^ feem to have come into Britain from 
 among the Belgjc, a People of Gaule. For the Belgae (as Cafar learn d of 
 the Rhemi) were defcended from the Germans^ and pajfing over the Rhine, 
 were induced by the fruitfulnefs of the Place to fettle there, after they bad 
 expeU’d the Gauls. From whence (as the fame Author has it) they pafs’d 
 over into Britain^ to plunder and conquer j and were all call’d by 
 the names of the Cities where they had been born, and from 
 whence they came over thither j and making war upon the Inha- 
 bitants, they fettl’d there, and began to cultivate the Land. It does 
 not precifely appear, at what time they came over ; unlejS pojjibly Divitiacus, 
 
 King of the bueffiones, who fiourijb'd before Cafar, might tranfplant the 
 3 q\%x hither. For he had the government of a great part of 'Bvmm as mil 
 4jo/Gaule. Neither is it clear, frcm whence the name c/ Belgffi fjould come. Hubert Thomas f afiLsoJias. 
 Leige, a very learned man, was of opinion, that Belgx is a German word, becaufe the Germans call the 
 Gauls and Italians Wallen, and fame of them term them Welgen. John Goropius a Belgian, will have 
 it to come from the Belgick word Belke, fignifying Anger, as if they were more prone to anger others. 
 
 But fince the name of Belgse does not feem to be properly deriv’d from the language us’d at this day by the 
 Low-Dutch which is almofb the fame with our Englijh'Saxon (for it was carrkd.thither by tbofe Saxons, 
 which Charles the Great tranfplanted into Brabant awti Flanders ;) I am inclin’d to favour the opinion of 
 tbofe, who fetch it from the <?/</Gaulifii tongue (which our JVelJh in a great meafure keep entire,) and who 
 will have the ’Qelgx fo nam’d from Pq], i,e. remote. For they were the remoteft Peo/i/e i» Gaule j 
 and at tbegreatefi difiance from the Roman Province, as well in fituation, as in breeding andhumaniiy. 
 
 And the Poet tells us, that the Morini, a people of Gallia Belgica, were the mofi remote, when he calls 
 them, Extremi hominum, the remotefi part of mankind. But now let us come to our Belga:, wbofe Ur- 
 ritories were very large, viz. Somerfetftlire, Wiklhire, and the inner part of Hamfllire. 
 
 SOMERSETSHIRE. 
 
 Porlock. 
 
 Watthet- 
 
 HE County of Somerfet, fcall- 
 ed by the Saxons Sumuppsce- 
 fcype j(as the Inhabitants were 
 called Sumuppjcuaj', Sumop- 
 f2e-e,and Sumffipyjeuap ^ now~l 
 commonly Somerfetjhire,) is a 
 large and plentiful country. On 
 the north, the Severn-fea beats upon it, to the 
 weft it bounds upon Devonfhire, to the fouth 
 upon Dorfetfhire, and to the eaft upon WiUfiiire, 
 and part of Gloceftcrfliire. The foil is very 
 rich, and chiefly employ’d in grain and paftu- 
 rage ,* it is very populous, and tolerably well 
 furnifli’d with harbours. Some chink, this name 
 was firft given it, becaufe the air is gentle and 
 as it were a fummer-air, in thok parts jin which 
 fenfe the Britains at this day call it Glad-arhaf, 
 tranflating the word out of our language. But 
 the truth is, as in fummer-time it may really 
 be term’d a fummer-country, fo no lefs may it in 
 the winter-feafon be call’d a winter-country ; fo 
 wet, moift, and marfliy it is for the moft parc^ 
 which makes it very croublefom to travellers. 
 However, I lhall not fcruple to affirm that this 
 name was certainly given it from Somerton, for- 
 merly the chief and moft celebrated town of 
 the County •, fince AJJer, a very ancient Au- 
 thor, calls it every where, the County of So- 
 mertuni 
 
 Upon the Severn-fea (where this County bor- 
 ders on the Danmonii) the two firft places we 
 meet with, are Porlock, in Saxon Popdocan 
 and (Vatcbet, formerly IVecedpoert two harbours^, 
 
 which in the year 886. fuffer’d very much from 
 the fury of the Danes. *^lVatcbet was again h3r-*Chr()ii.S 
 rafs’d by them ann. 997. and amongft the reft 
 of the neighbours in thofe wefterly parts, fuf- 
 fer’d whatever fire and fword could inflitft. Por- 
 lock was the place where Harold landed from 
 Ireland, (ann. 10J2.) who, being oppos’d by the 
 inhabitants and neighbouring people, flew great 
 numbers of them, and carry’d ofFa large bootyJ 
 Between thefe two, lies D«»y?or-caftle, in a low 
 ground, every way Ihuc up with hills, except on 
 chat fide which faces the fea. It was built by 
 the Moions qy Mohuns, from whom it came, by^,'’®^ 
 bargain, to the Luierells. This family of 
 Mohans was for a long time very famous and 
 powerful, and flourilh’d from the days of Wil- 
 liam the Conqueror (under whom the caftie 
 was built) to the reign of Richard 2. Of the 
 fame Family, were two Earls of this County, 
 William, and Reginald who was depriv’d of that 
 honour in the Barons wars. From chat time, 
 their pofterity were in the number of Barons, 
 thelaft whereof, left three daughters, 
 lippa wife of Edward Duke of York, Eliz,absih 
 marry ’d to I'Tilliam de Monte-acuto or Montacute, 
 fecond Earl of Salisbury of that name, and 
 Mawd to the Lord Lefirange of Knokyn. The 
 mother of thefe (as the ftory goes) obtain’d of 
 
 her husband, below this town, fo much ground 
 
 for a * Common co the inhabitants, as file could * 
 go about barefoot in one day. TNear this 
 ftle, is, Minhead, which was, with many other 
 Lordfliips, given by William the Conqueror to 
 
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69 
 
 SOME RSETSHIRE. 
 
 Cap. 9. 
 
 Sir William de Mohm j from whofe Family it 
 came to that of Luttrell It is one of the moft 
 frequented paffages to Ireland^ and is of late 
 improved by the catching of Hsrrivg!, which 
 come up the Severn about Michaelmas, in migh- 
 ty Shoals, and being caught and cured, are 
 fent hence to Markets up the Mediterranean, 
 with great advantage. In the iz*'' year of Wil- 
 liam the 3'i, a Statute was made, for the re- 
 covering, I'ecuring, and keeping in repair, 
 this harbour, for the benefit and fuppon of tbena- 
 ’vigation and trade of thii kingdom. On the rocks 
 and pebbles, where the Severn waihes them, 
 31d-Cleve. more efpecially near Old-Clem, between Dun- 
 idicr.Mati-ftor and Watcher, grows the Lichen Marmus 
 1!. (Sea-Liverwort) commonly called Laater, Hi- 
 ther, when the Tide is out, the Inhabitants come 
 and gather if, and, when cleanfed and pickled, 
 fend it to a great diftance 3 being of a pleafant 
 tafte, very nourilhing, a good antifcorbutick, 
 and of excellent ufe by way of diet and me- 
 ("''dlum In this vale, lies Orchard-Pr^ndbam, onset 
 
 • belonging to the Orchardi, who had formerly 
 great poffellions in this Country. From them 
 it came to the Sydtnhamsy and from them by 
 marriage to the Wjndbams. Near which place, 
 at Neitlecomb, was a feat of the Rawlcighs, whofe 
 Monuments are dill to be feen in the Parilh- 
 Church ; and who were fucceeded by the Trem- 
 Ijam, of Conijh extraflion, enriched afterwards 
 by marriages, with great eftates in Devonihire 
 and this County, particularly in and near this 
 iijiitoclis- place. In this neighbourhood, is ^antocks- 
 W, for many years one of the Seats of the 
 ancient family of LutereB ; of whom, Robert 
 was fummoned to Parliament among the Ba- 
 rons of this Realm in the year of Edward 
 the firll- From Hafi-^uantock bead^ runs a ridge 
 of hills (of the fame name) through a rich 
 Countrey, fouthward, as far as the vale of 
 Taunton-Dean j affording a profpedi, extremely 
 pleafing to the eye, by reafon of it’s great va- 
 riety of fea and land, of barrennefs and fruit- 
 fulnefs. At the fouth-end of which hills, is Co- 
 tburfion^ ^ the ancient feat of the family of Stawel^ 
 which is of great antiquity irr this County s 
 but the houfe was, in the Civil wars, brought to 
 a heap of Ruins.l 
 
 Near the caftle of Danfior aforefaidj are two 
 fmall villages, dedicated to two of their Coun- 
 ■arenton. try-Saints; Carenton is the name of the one, from 
 Iccombes. Carentocus the Britain ; the other, S. Decomhe,, 
 from Decumamts, who letting fail out of South- 
 Wales, landed here (as we find it in an ancient 
 S Agonal) in a horrid defert full of (liriibs and hriari, 
 
 the moods thick and clofc, firetckd out a ■vajf way 
 both in length and breadth, firutting up with lofty- 
 tnountains, fetter’d wonderfully by the hollow ttallies. 
 Here, having bid farewell to the vanities of the 
 world, he was ftab'd by an Affaffin, and fo 
 deputation of a Saint among the com- 
 vIlfoTth;?”'' . S’^ECurgy, a Barony fo nam'd 
 
 (tdes ^ Lords of tr, lies at a little greater di- 
 
 ftance from the fea; the feat of William deC«rcr 
 , Butler to King Henry r. Of which family, 
 
 « decor- was John de Curcy who fubdued Ulfter in 
 Ireland, a perfon defign’d by nature to be great 
 and honourable, endu’d with a brave Spirit and 
 a majefty of Soul ; whofe fignal valour mull be 
 learnt from the IrilhHiftorles. fMore eaftward 
 from hence, at feme diftance from the fea, is 
 itington. Cannington, at or about which place, in the year 
 lOio. we find the Danes pradifing their old 
 methods of burning and plunder. The prefeiit 
 name agrees well with the ancient * Caningan, 
 and the fituation of it, with the Marches of 
 that army. Nor does the matpfeep (the marlhesl 
 which is added to it, lefs confirm the opinion, 
 K being, as hath been laid (efpecially in the 
 winter) extreme wet and fenny. This place was 
 
 70 
 
 ^hron. 
 3-'^. Mii. 
 
 rrff Charles the z-*, to the Lord 
 
 Clifford of Chudleigh.I From the adjoyning 
 coaft to the Swipriw, the Ihore Ihoots out by 
 
 httle and httle, wtiere two of the largeft rivers 
 ; m the whole County meeting together, empty 
 themlelves at one mouth, call’d by Ptolemy the 
 teftuary of Utoella from the river Ivell, which The 
 leaves that name before it comes hither. It ri-’“f 
 fes in Dorfetftiire, and at it’s firft coming into 
 Somerfetlhirt, gives name to a well-frequented 
 market-town call’d Ettill, and receives a little Even. ■ 
 river, upon which is Camalet, a fteep mountain C^malet. 
 of a very difliculc afeenr, on the top whereof 
 are the plain footfteps of an old decay’d Camp, p, "."to. 
 and a triple ramprre of earth call up, including Drayt. Fo- 
 zo acres. The inhabitants call it Arthur’s palace ■ p. 54. 
 but chat It was really a work of the Romans, is 
 plain from the Roman Coins daily dug-up 
 there. f The hill is a mile in compafs at the t t-elsnd's 
 top, tour trenches circling it, and between eachl“’”a''*v. 
 
 I ^ 15 ?? earthen wall. On the very top ofy?!' 
 the hill, as hath been faid, is an zfr« of zo ' o» 
 acres or more, wherein fever.1l places, as Le-Poljoft.*^ 
 land obferves, might be feen the foundations of 
 walls And there was much dusky blew ftone. 
 which the people of the adjoyning villages had 
 m his time carry d away. Befides the coins. 
 
 Stow tells us of a filver horfe-ftoe, there dug- 
 up, in the memory of thatage ; and Lelandde- 
 Icribp K in a kind of extafie ; Good Lord what 
 deep dscohes what high Walls, what precipices art here ! 
 in Ihort Hook upon tt as a very great wonder both of 
 Art and IdatureA What the Romans might call 
 It, l am altogether ignorant ; unlefs it be that 
 CaerCalemson which we meet with in Ninnius’s 
 Catalogue, by a tranfpofition of letters for Ca~ 
 rmlion. Cadbury, the adjoining little village, may Cadbury. 
 prob,tbly enough be thought that Cathhrerion 
 where Arthur (as Ninnius has it) routed the 
 Saxons in a memorable Battle. Another town 
 
 of the fame name, N»r(4-CArr, was given by 
 
 King Henry 3, to Nicholas de Moeles, who had 
 marry’d Hawilia one of the two Co-heirs of 
 James de Novo mercatu, Or New-.market This 
 man’s pofterity liv’d a long time in great fplen- 
 dour, nil jehn^ in Edward ^d’s rime dying 
 left only ilfue 2 daughters, Murkla, and Ifabel ; 
 this marry d to William Boteteaux^ and the other 
 to Thomas Coartney. fAfuneral Infcfiption up- 
 on the northern wall of St. Margaret’s \Veft- 
 minffer, mentions one John Mulys of Halmfion 
 m Devonihire, familia oriundum fui norrtsms, stux 
 tnfigmta erat olim titulo de Norlh-Cadbury i e de- 
 fended from a family of that mme, which 
 was formerly diftingurfiied by the title of North- 
 Cadbury. It continu'd in the family of the So- 
 tereaux, till the death of William the laft Lord 
 Boiereaux, who dying z Edward 4, without iffue- 
 male, this Lordlliip, with a very great inheri- 
 mnee, defeended to Margaret his daughter and 
 foie heir, marry’d to Robert Lord Hangerford 
 from whom it defeended to Mary Lady Hunger- 
 ford their great Grand-daughter, who was mar- 
 ry d to Edward Lord Hafhgs and Hangerford 
 father to George the firft of chat firname Earl 
 of Huntingdon ; in which family it continu’d / 
 to the reign of King James i. that Sir Francis J 
 
 Hafisngs, younger fori to Francis Earl of Hun- 
 tsngdon being poffels’d of the fame, and having 
 no children, did alienate it.) 
 
 Fromjience the river runs to Ifcbalis,\!oUXio. 
 mention’d by Antoninus, now Inffc/rr, call’d Iveken'cr. ‘ 
 (if I miftake not) in Nirinius’s Catalogue Fonta- 
 vel-coit, for Pont-Ivel Cost, i, e. a bridge over 
 the Ivel in a wood ; and by Florence of Wor- 
 ce^er, Givelcefier. It is riow famous for nothing 
 but the marker, and the antiquity of the place* 
 for now and then they dig-up Coins of the Ro^ 
 man Emperours, of gold, brafs, and filver. Thar 
 K was formerly large, and encompa/s’d with a' 
 
 double' 
 
72 
 
 71 
 
 B E LG M. 
 
 Chard, 
 
 double wall, is evident from the ruins. TLe- 
 land fays, it is one of the moft ancient Towns 
 in all that quarter ; and that it had had 4 Pa- 
 rifh-Churches j the ruins of two of them were 
 ftandisg in his time, the third was quite demo- 
 liihed,and one ufed.l Aboutthe coming-mpl 
 the Normans it was a populous placCj having m 
 i Burgtnfes.i^ a hundred and feven Burghers. And at that 
 time it was a place of ftrengch, and well for- 
 tify ’d ; for in the year of Chrift 1088. when the 
 Nobility of England had form’d a wicked Con- 
 fpiracy to depole William Rufus, in order to 
 advance Robert his Brother Duke of Normandy 
 to the throne, Robert Moubray a warlike man, 
 after he had burnt Bathe^ vigorouAy alTauUed 
 this place ; but in vain. However, time has 
 done what he could not do ; having at laft as 
 
 it were and it. 
 
 A little more inward, the confluence of Ivell 
 MuAdnej.. and MiJ form a river-Illand call’d Mmbdney, 
 i e the large Ifland^ wherein are lome Re- 
 mains of the walls of an old Monaftery, which 
 Hilforians tell us was built by King Atheiftan. 
 Fedred rir. Tedred. commonly Tarret^ rifes in the very louth- 
 bound of the County, and, with a winding 
 Chanel runs by Crakirtie, in Saxon Cpucepne ; 
 feaftfrom whence, lies Chard, which Hands fo 
 high, as to have in it a ftream of water, that 
 by being turned (as it eafily may be) north or 
 fouth, will run, as is affirm’d, either into ' the 
 Severn, or the South-Sea. Near which, lies 
 Whithking- Wbitlakingtan, the feat of the Sfehs, in a rich 
 ton. and healthy foil ; who have, for many Centu- 
 
 ries, flouriffied in Devonlhire and this County ; 
 there being reckoned, in the genealogy thereof, 
 from Richard k Effec to the prefent heir, no lels 
 than 20 defcenis. 
 
 Below Croo.k-horne, is Hinton St. Gtorgc, on 
 a plain, raifed higher than the rich feeding 
 Country adjacent, and much lower than the 
 neighbouring hills ; from which plain, in a clear 
 day, there is a vail profped, extended wide, to 
 both the Seas. This excellency of the lituation 
 by nature, has been greatly improved by new- 
 modelling of the Park, and adorning it with 
 Plantations ; and by fpacious and beautiful Gar- 
 dens. It is the feat of John Earl Tmlit ; whofe 
 family, being of the ancient Gentry of thif 
 County, and of great figure in it, was by King 
 Charles the ill, made noble, under the title of 
 Baron Towlei of Hinton-, which Q. Anne changed 
 into that of Baron Hinton St. George, with 
 the addition of two other titles, toiz,. Vifcount 
 of the fame place, and Earl Powlet. 
 
 Then the Pedrcd runs near Eajl-Chtnock, where 
 is a Salt-fpring, above 20 miles from the Sea ; 
 and foT by Fedderten, to which it gave the name ; 
 formerly Fedridan, the palace of King Ina, now 
 icaaerton. only for a Market and Fair, procur’d 
 
 of Henry 6. by Henry Daubtmy. Then the Farrct 
 runs into the Ivell, and robs it of its name. 
 Montacute, Three miles hence, to the Ball, it falutesAfow- 
 in Donief- tactite, fo nam’d by the Earl of Moriton brother 
 day mother’s fide to William i. (t who built 
 
 +” Leland a caftle on the very top of the hill, and a Re- 
 ikys, he had ligious houfe at the bottom of it,) becaufe it 
 this by rifes by degrees into a ^arp point ; whereas, 
 
 heor-tay. i^efore that time, it was nam’d |1 Logoreihurg for 
 
 Ghiffenbuf Logaretbimh^ and Bifchopefion. But the caftle 
 
 grandfon,Sir Edward Philips, dying fome years 
 llnce, left no iffue-male ; )1 built at the foot of 
 the mountain. fThis is one of the moft remar- 
 kable buildings in the weft of England, being 
 of freeftone fquared, very large, with a beau- 
 tiful and magnificent Front,! The place gave 
 name to the honourable family of the Mmta-.^ 
 cutes, defcended from Drogo* the Tcung. OfthiSM„„„“ 
 family, there were four Earls of Salisbury ; the* ]a,t». 
 laft left iffue one only daughter, who by Richard 
 Nevil, had the famous Richard Earl of Warwick 
 (that \ Whirlsvind oi England,) and Mar- b Tatbin 
 quefs of Montacute ; both kiU’d in the battle of 
 Harnet, in the year 1472- But the title of Baron 
 Montacute was confetr’d upon Henry Foale (Son 
 of Margaret, daughter of George Duke of Cla- 
 rence by a daughter of the faid Richard Nevil 
 Earl of Warwick) in the time of King Henry 8, 
 who ptefently after beheaded him. Queen 
 Marybeftow’d the title and honour of Vifcount 
 Montacute upon Anthony Brown, whofe grandmo- 
 ther was daughter of John Nevil Marquefs ofll 
 
 Moniacuii if Hand this Honour ftill continues in 
 the fame Family.! ^ , joysit. c. 
 
 Next to this, is Odcosnbe, which, tho but aOdcomk, 
 very fmall town, muft not be omitted, becaufe 
 
 u,-.- TJ/illiejtyt Af Rripvjpr ifnr fnB 
 
 it has had it’s Baron, William de Briewer (for foBafons 
 his father was call’d, as being born in a 
 
 Hinton St. 
 georgc. 
 
 Eaft-Chc- 
 
 noclc. 
 
 Philofoph. 
 
 who having great inrereft at Court, and being 
 a particular Favourite of Richard i, was re- 
 fpeiAed and careffed by all j and fo got a very 
 large eftate^ with which, by the marriage of 
 his daughters (for his fon dy’d without iffue) he 
 made a great acceflion to the eftares of the Brns, 
 Waktiy Mohuns, La-ferts, znd Percy s. fAndhard' 
 by, is Brlmporiy the liabitation of Sir W/; 5;-Brimpton. 
 denbamy Baronet ^ whofe family hath lived for 
 many Centuries in this County, with great 
 repute.l Below Odcembcy at a little diftance, is 
 Stoke under Hamden, where the Gornays had their Sok*. 
 caftle, and built a College. This family, fur- 
 nam’d de Gornaico, and commonly Gornay, was 
 very ancient and illuftrious, defcended from the 
 fame ftock with the Warrens Earls of Surrey, 
 and the Mortimers. But tin the laft age fave one,fTheljJ, 
 it was extintft, and part of that eftate came by 
 the Hamptons, to the Knightly family of the 
 Newtons, who value themfelves upon a Welfti 
 extradlion, and that, not long ago, they were 
 call’d Caradocks. Nor muft we forget to men- 
 tion, that Matthew Gornay was bury’d here, a 
 ftout foldier in the time of Edward who 
 11 dy’d in the 96'’’ year of his age, after he hadu Sepc. 5 ^^ 
 been (as the Infcription fin French*! wicneffeth)snn- '♦ 
 at the fiege of D’algiztr againft the Saracens, 
 and at the battles of Benamax,in, Sclufe, 
 
 Ingenos, Poiriers and Naz.ara, in Spain. 
 
 Next, the Parret waters Martock, a little mar- ’ 
 kec-town, which formerly William of Bologne 
 fon to King Stephen, gave to Faramujias of 
 
 has been quite deftroy’d and gone, thefe many 
 years, and the ftones carry’d off, to build the 
 Religious houfe, and other things. Afterwards, 
 on the very top of the hill, was a Chapel ere- 
 <fted, and dedicated to S. Michael ■, the arch and 
 roof curioufly built of hard ftone, and the afcenc 
 to it round the mount, up ftone-ftairs,for near 
 half a mile. Now, chat the Monaftery and Cha- 
 pel are both demolifii’d, the greateft ornament 
 it has, is a beautiful houle, which the worthy Sir 
 Edward Philips Knight, Serjeant at Taw f(whofe 
 
 logne, whofe only daughter and heir 
 
 marry’d to Ingelram de Fienes, and from them 
 arc defcended the Fienes Barons of Dacre, 
 and the Barons of Say and Zele. From hence, 
 the Parret cuts it’s way into the north through 
 a muddy plain, by Langport, a market-town Bsi'cr 
 
 pretty well frequented : and by Aulre, a littleAu^®’ 
 village of a few fmail hucts ; which yet 
 CO have been once a town of better note. 
 
 For when Alfred had fhaccer’d the Danes, and, 
 ftraitening them in a fiege, had forced them to 
 furrender, and to take an Oath to depart our ot 
 his dominions with all expedition, and * Godran* Cc 
 their King (as Affer tells us) had promis’d to 
 embrace Chriftianicy 5 then Alfred in this place 
 was his Godfather, and lifted him out of the facrta 
 font of Regeneration, with great Solemnity. 
 
 The Parret, running from hence, receives 
 river Thone 5 which, rifing at a great diftance in ' 
 the weftern part of the County, next Devon- 
 
 Ihire, 
 
S 0 M E RS ET S H I R E. 
 
 74 
 
 (hire, p^ffes through pleafanc fields^ Fnear JVi- 
 eifcomb. vflfcomK v.'here was found, not long fince, an 
 
 Dirgton. 
 
 ^iiard. 
 
 Urn full of Roman Coins to IVellingtonjWluchj 
 jn the reign of Edward the Elder, was the ground 
 of fix Mtsnfion-houfes ; at which time he gave chis^ 
 together with LedUrd, which war of twelve Man- 
 fm-houfes,iox\\^ Billiop of Shirbourn. Itisnow 
 a little market-town^ receiving it*s greateft 
 glory from an honourable Inhabitant (for per- 
 fons eminent for virtue, and good fervices 
 to their country ought never to be forgotten) 
 ■pofhm. John Popba/Kj memorable, as for the antiquity 
 of 'his noble defeent, fo for his ftri^f Jurtice, 
 and unwearied Diligence. This perfon, being 
 Chief Juftice of the King’s Bench, admini- 
 fter’d with fo much Evennefs, and fuclia tem- 
 per’d feverity, that England, for a long time, 
 was moftly indebted to him, for it’s domeftick 
 peace and fecurity. fHe built, in this place, 
 a Urge, ftrong, and beautiful houfe, which in 
 the time of the great Civil War was turned into 
 a Garrifon, and was held againft the King, not 
 by any of the Founder’s name fas hath, with- 
 out juft reafonand contrary to fad, been affirm- 
 ed,) but by Bovet of Taunton; who, getting 
 puileffion of the Houfe by Stratagem, did (to- 
 gether with his Accomplices) defend it for 
 fome time againft Sir Richard Greenvil \ by 
 which means, it was turned to ruins.l 
 
 The Thone going froin hence, with a gen- 
 aunion. tie and eafie courfe, waflies Thonton or Taunton^ 
 and gives ir the name. It is a neat town, deli- 
 cately feared, and in fhort, one of the Eyes of 
 this County. Here Ina King of the Weft-Sax- 
 ons built a caftle, which his wife le- 
 
 veled with the ground, after ftie had driven 
 EadbriBb King of the Eaft-Saxons out of it, 
 who had got pofleffion, and made it a kind of 
 Curb to aconquer’d Country. In thereign ofEd- 
 ward the Confeffor, it gelded (fo it is in Domef- 
 day-book) for J4 bides, had 65 Burgers, and was 
 held by the Bifsop of lEinchefier, wbofe Pleadings were 
 here hpt thrice a year. Tbofe Cufoms belong to Taun- 
 ton ; Burgberifie, robbers, breach of the peace, ban- 
 Tiifare, pence of the hundred, and S. Peters pence, to 
 hold thrice d year the Bijhops pleadings without ad- 
 monition, to go into the army with the Bijhops men. 
 
 . fLet me obferve here, that what is render’d 
 Peter-pence, is in theText Denarii 5 . Petri circieti ; 
 which the learned Selden thinks, ought to be 
 read Cirefeti \ but I am rather of opinion, that 
 the true reading is Cirefeeati, from the Saxon 
 Sceac, Revenues or Riches, implying Pcfer- 
 .to be the revenues of the Church. In the 
 10'^ year of the reign of King William, an A(ft 
 paffed for the making and keeping the river 
 Thonenavigable from Bridgwater to this place.*! 
 The country all about is beautify’d with green 
 meadows, and abounds in delightful gardens 
 and orchards, which, with the thicknefs of the 
 villages, does wonderfully charm the eyes of 
 the Spe«ftator. Among the villages, thofe of 
 Orchard, moft note, are. Orchard, which had ii’s Lords 
 of the fame name ; from whom it defeended, 
 by inheritance, to the Portmans Knights. fBut 
 that family being extind in the late Sir miliam 
 Poriman, he left it to the Seymours, his Coufin- 
 germans by the mothei’s hde, wiio now en- 
 joy ir, and have their refidence here ; taking 
 lach-Beau- the name of Portma».~l Next, is Hacb-Beauebamp, 
 hann). and then Cory-Maliet ; the latter part whereof 
 is added from the name of it’s Lords. For it 
 was the Seat of the Mallets, who were of Nor- 
 man extra<ftion, and from whom it 
 
 fliorc time, byanheirefs, to the. Pointzies. OfPointxies. 
 which family, Hugh, in the time cf E-’ward 
 was among the Earliamencary-Barons ; and 
 fome others of it are "'‘at this day Knights of* Ann. 1607. 
 great figure and fplendor. Bur as to the Beau- Barons Beau- 
 champs, otherwife call’d de Bello campo, they champs, 
 flourifh’d in great honour from the time of 
 Henry 2 ; efpecial'y after Cecil de Fottibus, de- 
 feended from the Earls de Ferrariis^ and from 
 that famous Marefchal of England IVilli'tm Earl 
 of Pembroke, married into this family. But 
 in the reign of Edward the eftatc came to 
 be divided by fifters, between Roger de S. Mau- 
 ra or Seimore, and J. Meriet, both of them de- 
 feended from ancient and honourable Ance- 
 ftors. This was the caufe why Henry 8. af- 
 ter he had marry'd JaneSeimor, mother of Ed- 
 ward the fixth, created Edward Seimor her hxo- 
 cher, Vifeount Beauchamp j whom Edward 6.Vifcount 
 ifrerwards advanced to the honour of Duke of 
 Somerfet. f On the fouth of Taunton, is Trull, 
 which gave birth to Sir George Bond (Lord May- 
 or of London in the year ijSS;) from whofe 
 daughter defeended the great General of this 
 age, John Duke of Marlborough.] 
 
 Where Toone mixes with the Pirmr, there isTarrec. 
 made a Rivcr-lfland formerly call’d <iy£thelin- 
 gey, i. e. an Ifland of Nobles, now commonly 
 Athelney, which to us is no lefs remarkable for Athelney. 
 King Alfred’s abfeonding there, when the 
 Dane over-ran all before him ; than are thofe 
 Minturntnfian fenns to the Italians, for being a 
 hiding-place to Marius For to that King (as 
 an ancient Poet writ of him,) 
 
 • Mixta dolori 
 
 dallet. 
 
 came in a 
 
 Gaudia femper erant, fpes femper mixta ti- 
 mori. 
 
 Si modts. viBor erat, ad crafiina Bella pave- 
 bat. 
 
 Si modo viBus erat, ad craftina Bella para- 
 bat, 
 
 Cui vefes fudore jugi, cui Jsca crucre 
 
 TinBa jugi, quantum ft onus regnare proha- 
 runt. 
 
 Allay’d with grief the cautious joys ap- 
 pear’d. 
 
 And when he hop’d the moft, the moft he 
 fear’d. 
 
 Conqu’ring, he expeded ftill the rallying 
 foe j 
 
 O’ercome, he fitted for a fecond blow. 
 
 Whofe fweaty hands and garments ftain’din 
 blood. 
 
 Shew chat a crown is but a noble load. 
 
 And truly, this Ifland -is . very well made for 
 a Place of Refuge ; for the Handing pools and 
 inundations ( which AJfer call’d by a Latin- 
 Saxon word Grennas) make it inacceffible. JfGronnes. 
 bad formerly a bridge between two towers, which were 
 built by King Alfred ^ alfo, a very large fet of alders, 
 full of goats and deer ; but the firm ground not above 
 two acres broad. Upon this he built a monafiery ’ the 
 whole firuBure whereof (Malmesbury herefpeaks 
 for me) is fupported by four pojls fafien’d in the 
 ground, with four arched chancels round it, fNear 
 Athelney, fome years fince, was found a moft 
 remarkable curiofity, belonging formerly to 
 King Alfred, and loft by him (in all likelyhood) 
 when he abfeonded at this place, after he was 
 defeated by the Danes; 
 
 K 
 
 The 
 
75 
 
 B E L GjE. 
 
 + Dr. Hickes, 
 Fhilofoph. 
 Tran fa A. 
 
 N. 260. 
 Vid. The- 
 (aur. Scp> 
 tentr. p. 142. 
 
 Somcrton. 
 
 Scdgcmoor. 
 
 Enmore. 
 
 The Infcription plainly fiiows, that it was 
 King Alfred, who caufed this Picture to be madej 
 the language being Saxon^ and thus Englilh’d, 
 z/£lfred commanded me to he made. And it is the o- 
 pinion of a very t learned perfon, that the oc- 
 cafion of ir, was the Vifion of St. Cutbbert, which 
 William of Malmsbury fpeaks of, appearing to 
 him and his mother the fame night (after he 
 had been beaten by the Danes^ and retir’d into 
 Athelney) and alTuring him that he ftiould be a 
 great King. In memory whereof, we may well 
 fuppofe, that the Image upon it is St. Cuthhert’s 
 (to whofe merit he was wont to afcribe his fu- 
 ture SuccelTes over the Danesi)and not only fo, 
 but being plainly made, on purpofe to hang on 
 a firing, it is very probable that himfelf con- 
 ftantly wore ir, in honour to this his tutelar 
 Saint.l 
 
 The Barret, after it has got again into one cha- 
 nel, does not go far alone, before it is joyn’d 
 by another river from the Eaft, which runs by 
 Somerton r(in Saxon, Sumup”on)l formerly the 
 chief town of the County, as giving name to 
 the whole. It had a caftle belonging to the 
 Weft'Saxon Kings, which Ethelbald King of 
 the Mercians poffefs’d himfelf of, by ftorm \ 
 but now it has yielded to Time, fo that nothing 
 of it appears : and the Town would fcarce fup^ 
 port that name, were it not for a great Beaft- 
 fair kept there from Palm-Sunday to the middle 
 of June i for thofe parts make Grazing their 
 great employment, fit gives the title of Baron 
 to the chief of the Family of the Staivels ; in 
 confideration of whofe loyalty, King Charles 
 the fecond advanced Ralph Stawel to the title 
 of a Baron of England, by the name of Lord 
 Stawel Baron of Somerton. North of the fame 
 , river, lies Sedgemoor, where the forces of King 
 James 2, engaged and defeated the Duke of 
 Monmouth and his party ; and, with the lofs 
 of eighteen Men (for no more were killed on 
 the King’s fide) put a timely end to an Infur- 
 rei^ion, which might otherwife have drawn on 
 a Civil War. In the 10'^ year of William the 
 third, it was provided by a Statute then made, 
 that the ancient water-courles of this moor 
 fliou’d be open’d, and new ones made, for ren- 
 dring it more healthful and profitable to the In- 
 habitants.! 
 
 After the Parret has receiv’d this river, it 
 fruns at fome diftance from Enmore, a feat of 
 tlie Mallets: the laft Gentleman of which name, 
 owner of this fear, having no iffue-male, lett 
 one only daughter Eliz.abetl} ; by whofe mar- 
 riage with John Wilmot Earl of Rochefter, this 
 great Eftatc was carried into that Family, and 
 
 afterwards, for want of an heir male, was divided 
 among her three daughters and co-heirs. £»cife-Bucklint 
 land Sororum, in thefe parts, was anciently a 
 Nunnery, but of late years hath been the feat 
 of the Lords Hawley of Dunamore in Ireland. 
 Somewhat lower, the Parreci vifits a large and 
 populous town, commonly call’d Bridge-water, 
 as ’tis thought from bridge and the M'/Jfirjwatel 
 but the ancient Charters refute that conjetfiure, 
 which always call it exprefly Burgb-lVakeri ; and 
 it is highly probable, that it cook the name 
 from PTalter de Doway, who was a foldier under 
 William the Conqueror, and had many Lands 
 bellow’d on him in this County. Nor is it 
 otherwife call’d in that Charter, wherein 
 Baynel Lord of Bampton gave polTeflion of this 
 place to William de Briewer, to ingratiate him- 
 felf with that Gentleman, who was a particu- 
 lar favourite of King Richard the firft. The 
 fon of this William, of the fame name with 
 the father, having Licence granted him by 
 King John to forcifie a caftle, built one here, 
 which now time has deftroy’d j and began a 
 bridge, which was finifti’d at great expence by 
 'Trivet * a noble-man of Cornwall. But when*Nobii;5 
 William de Briewerths younger dy’d without ilTue,CornubiJ 
 this by partition fell to Margaret his After ; by 
 whofe daughter which Ihe bore to William de la 
 Fert, it came to the family of the Chaworths oc 
 de Cadttreis, and from them by inheritance to 
 the Dukes of Lancafter. But the greateft ho- 
 nour it ever had, was, it’s being made a Coun- 
 ty by King Henry 8, upon his creating Henry 
 Dauheney, Earl oi Bridgewater ; fwhich dy-£jri of 
 ing without ijrue-male,this title lay dead till theBridgs** 
 ij'^’orjac. I. when it wasconferr’d [xponjoha 
 Egerton, Baron of ElLJmere, \ ifeount Brackley, and 
 fon to the Lord Chancellor Egerton. He was 
 fucceeded by his fon John ^ and this John by a 
 fon of the fame name 5 who is alfo lince fuc- 
 ceeded by the Right Honourable Scroop Earl 
 of Bridgewater, his Son. Near this place, is 
 Cbidley-mount, where Roman Coins have beenchidUy 
 found i and out of the ruins of which, as fomcmount- 
 think, the town of Bridgewater fprang. Well-Aubr. 
 ward from the fame river, near Stogurfy, is 
 Fair-field, which formerly belong’d to a branchFair-fifi^ 
 of the Ferneys, but came by marriage to the 
 SuflTex-family of Falmer, in which having con- 
 tinued near two Centuries, it has produc’d 
 Ornaments to this County. And, on the eaft- 
 fide of the river, a little lower, is 
 Lordlhipjfrom which two great and ancient Fa- 
 milies took their firname. For Sir John Pawlec 
 dying in the fecond year of Richard 2,leftfc 
 two Ions, Sir Thomas Vawlet, his fon and 
 
 from 
 
77 
 
 SOMERSETSHIRE. 
 
 78, 
 
 from whom is defcended the prefenc Earl Paw- 
 lec ; and from whom is defcended the 
 
 prefenc Duke of Bslton.~\ 
 
 BeioWj at a few miles diftance, the Tarnt rolls, 
 into the Severn-Sea out of a wide mouth ; call'd 
 UmIU. (as we obferv'd before) the .^ftuarie 1/z.e/fa by 
 Ptolemy, and by fome at this day Evelmouthj 
 but by the ancient Englifh, Pe 6 pe 6 an-mu 3 ; 
 fand by the Saxon-Annals Pe 6 pi 6 an-mu 5 ,• 1 
 where (as Marianus tells us) about the year 
 84^. Ealftan Bifhop of Shirburn utterly routed 
 the difperfed army of the Danes. Ac the fame 
 yEftuarie, we meet with another river, which 
 Brius. fome call Brius^ rifing out of thatfpacious wood 
 in the ealt part of this County (call’d by the 
 Selrtood. Britains Coitmaur, by the Saxons Selwood, i. e, as 
 V. blor. interprets it, a great wood) not far from 
 
 Wigorn. inconfiderable village, where the God 
 
 of war feems to have confpir’d the extirpation 
 of the Britifhname, and alfo the utter ruin of 
 the Danes. For Keniwalch^ the Weft-Saxon, gave 
 the Britains fuch an entire defeat in this place, 
 that they were never able to make head againft 
 the Saxons : and many ages after, in the fame 
 place, Edmund Ironfide gain’d a memorable vifto- 
 ry over the Danes, whilft he purfu’d Knute the 
 Dane, who had poffefs'd hlmfelf of the king- 
 dom i fcho’ they were too hard for Etheldred, 
 when he encounter’d them in this very place, 
 Mere. ann. 1001. In the adjoyning Pahfti of Mere are 
 Hill the Remains of thefe Engagements, name- 
 ly, four Camps ; one whereof, particularly, ha- 
 ving a double ditch, appears to have been a 
 Brulton. Danilh work.T This river firft vifics BruUon, 
 and gives it that name j a place famous for the 
 tombs of the Moions^ who built a Monaftery 
 there : fand for being the feat of the Lord Fitz,- 
 bardingj a younger branch of the family of 
 Charlton- Berkley. Not far from which, is Cbarlton-Muf- 
 },iuC^Tave. grave ; fo called (to diftinguilh it from the fe- 
 veral other Charltons in this County) from a Fa- 
 mily of that name, in whofe polTeflion it re- 
 main’d for many years. John Mufgrave^oi x.h\% 
 place, was by virtue of the Efface he had in 
 WiUfliire, Sheriff of that County, in the fecond 
 year of Richard the 5^^, from whofe fecond fon 
 (the eldeft dying without ilTue-male, and 
 the Eftate going with daughters into ocher Fa- 
 milies) are defcended all of this firname, in this 
 County, and Devonfhire : The chief of whom 
 at prefencis Mufgrave of NettUcamb in this Coun- 
 Alford. *y* Lower, upon the forefaid river, lies Alford', 
 where arifes a mineral water, of a purging na- 
 ture, no way inferior to Epfom, or any other of 
 the purging kind ; and is of great benefit cothefe 
 Weftern parts of England, being carried hence 
 to places very remote.! Then the river, run- 
 ning a long way thro’ nothing but fmall villa- 
 ges, with the encreafe of a few rivulets, waters 
 many fruitful fields ; rill, meeting with a fofeer 
 foil, it in a manner ftagnaces, and makes an 
 Ifland, call’d formerly Avalon, in Britifh, from 
 the apples there j afterwards Inis-Witrin, i. e. a 
 glaffy Ifland, and in the fame fenfe Glapcn-ey, 
 in Latin Glafconia, A Poet of pretty good an 
 tiquicy has thefe verfes concerning it, 
 
 Infula pomorum c^ute fortunata vocatur^ 
 
 Ex re nomen habet, c^uia per fe fiHgula profert. 
 Non opus efi ills fulcantihus arva colonis, 
 
 Omnis abefi cultus, ni(i cjuem natura miniflrat 
 XJltro fscundas fegetes producil, &• berbas, 
 Nata^ae poma fuis praionfo germine fylvis. 
 
 The ifle of Apples, truly fortunate. 
 
 Where unforc’d goods and willing comforts 
 meet. 
 
 Not there the fields require the ruflick’s 
 hand, 
 
 But nature only cultivates the land. 
 
 The fertile plains with corn and herbs are 
 proud. 
 
 And golden apples fmile in ev’ry wood. 
 
 r King Charles the ■2.'^ conferr’d upon John 
 Mordamt, fecond fon of John Earl of Peterbo- 
 rough, the title of Lord Mordaunc of Rygace, 
 and Vifcounc Avalon ^ who marrying Elizabeth, 
 daughter of Thomas Cary, fecond fon to Ro- 
 bert Earl ofMoiimoucb, had by her theprefent 
 Earl of Teterborougb and Monmouth?^ 
 
 In this Ifland Itood the monaftery of William of 
 
 bury, which is very ancient; deriving its 
 nal from jofeph of Arimatbea, the fame who 
 ry’d Chrift’s body, and whom Philip the Apo-Glaflenburj'. 
 ftle of the Gauls lent into Britain to preach the U/Ter. Ant. 
 Gofpel. For this is attefted by the moft ancient P* ^ 3 * i°l; 
 Hiftories of this Monaftery, and alfo by 
 Epiftle of S. Patrick the Irifti Apoftle, who led Brliaiue. 
 a monaftick life here for 50 years together ; f(if 
 it be indeed true chat he wrote the account of 
 Avalonia afcrib’d to him, which Dr. Ryves^ in 
 his difeourfe relating to that Saint, denies.)! 
 
 From hence, this place was by our Anceftors 
 call’d, Ebe firji ground ofGody The firft ground of the 
 Saints in England, Ehe rife and fountain of all Reli- 
 gion in England^ Ebe burying-place of the Saint s,Ebe 
 mother of the Saints ; and they faid of it, that it was 
 built by the very Difciples of our Lord. Nor is there 
 any reafon why we fhould call this in queftion, 
 fince I have before ftiewn, chat the Chriftian 
 Religion, in the very infancy of the Church, 
 was preach’d in this Ifland ; and fince Freculphus 
 Lexovienfis has told us, chat this Philip brought 
 barbarous nations^ bordering upon darknefs, and living 
 upon the Ocean, to the light of knowledge, and haven 
 of faith. But let us return to the Monaftery, 
 and deferibe it out of Malmesbury’s little treatilc 
 upon that fubjed. When that fmall ancient 
 Church founded by Jofeph was wafted with age, 
 
 Devi Biftiop of S. David’s built a new one in 
 the place. And when time had worn out chat 
 too, twelve men coming from the north of Bri- 
 tain repair’d it ; but at length King Ina (who 
 founded a fchool at Rome for the education of 
 the Englifli youth, and to maintain that, as alfo 
 for the diftribution of alms at Rome, tax’d every 
 fingle houfe in the kingdom at one penny) pull’d 
 this down, and built a ftately Church dedicated An. 59s. 
 to Chrift, S. Peter, and S. Paul, fafeerwards 
 the See of Savaricus Bifiiop of Bathe.! Juft un- 
 der the roof whereof, round it, he order’d thefe 
 verfes to be written ; 
 
 Syderei monies, fpeciofa cacumina Sion, 
 
 A Libano gemina fiore comante cedri^ 
 Ccelorum porta lati duo lumtna mundi. 
 
 Ore tonat Faulus, fulgurat arce Fetrus .* 
 
 Inter Apofiolicas radiants luce coronas, 
 
 DoSHor bic monitis, ctlfior ille gradu. 
 
 Cor da per hunc bominum referantur, afira per 
 
 Thefe verfes,' 
 with a very 
 little altera- 
 tion, are in . 
 the 4th book 
 of Venantius 
 Fortunatus 
 
 ilium .* 
 
 docet ijte ftyh, fafeipit ille polo, 
 
 Fandit iter celi hie dogmate, clavibus alter. 
 
 Eft via cut Paulus, janua fida Fetrus. 
 
 Hie Fetra firma ma'nens, ille Architettus ba~ 
 hettir, 
 
 Surgit in his templum quo placet ara Deo. 
 Anglia plaude lubens, mittit tibi,Roma falutem, 
 Fulgor Apofiolicus Glafconiam irradiat. 
 
 A facie bofiili dm propugnacula furgunt, 
 
 ^od fidei turrets urbs caput orbit habet. 
 
 Hac plus egregio Rex Ina refertus arnore. 
 
 Dona fuo populo non moritura dedit, 
 
 Eotns in affeitu diva pietatis inharens, 
 Ecclefiaque juges amplificavtt opes. 
 Melcbifedecb nofter merito Rex, atque Sacerdos,- 
 Complevit vera relligionis opus. 
 
 Fublica jura regens, celfa palatia fervans, 
 XJnica Fontificum gloria, norma fuit. 
 
 Hire 
 
 partly in 
 praife of the 
 Church at 
 Paris, and , 
 partly of thaS 
 of Nantes. 
 
19 
 
 B E LG Ai. 
 
 8o 
 
 time a^iini, illtttc weritorum ful^et honore, 
 
 Hie cjuoi^at gejiorum laude ftrennis erit. 
 
 The two fair tops that lofty Sh» gracCj 
 Cedars of Tibanus that all furpafs I 
 The world’s great lights, and the two gates 
 of heav’n, 
 
 Thuiider from one, from one is Hght’ning 
 giv’n. 
 
 Among the bleft Apoftles they excel, 
 
 Peter in honour, and in learning Paul. 
 
 One ope’s mens hearts, and one the ftarry 
 fphere. 
 
 One guidts to heav’n, and one receives us 
 there : 
 
 One’s doftrine Ihewi our journey, and one’s 
 keys j 
 
 One is the way, and one the gate of blifs. 
 The builder one, one the foundation laid,* 
 
 By both a temple for kind heav’n is made. 
 England be glad^ and pay juft thanks to 
 Rome, 
 
 Eternal health to Glaftenbtify’s comei 
 Againft our foes two fortreffes are (hown, 
 Thar all the world the FaitEs great tow’rs 
 fhall own. 
 
 Plefl: Ina, faithful fervant of his God, 
 
 Thefe laUing gilts upon his realm bellow’d. 
 Vinue and goodnefs all his thoughts pof-^ 
 feft, / 
 
 The Church’s old revenues he encreaft, > 
 Our great Melchifedech, our prince and ^ 
 prieft. 
 
 His equal care of piety and ftate. 
 
 To Crowns and Mitres an example fet. 
 
 In heav’n his works their bleft reward receive. 
 And here his worthy praife^ftiall ever live. 
 
 In thofe early times, Religious perfons devo- 
 ted themfelves here to the fervice of God ■, and 
 efpecially the Irifli: who were maintain’d at the 
 King’s charge, and intruded the youth in Re- 
 ligion and the liberal fciences. For they made 
 choice of a folicary life, that they might attend 
 divine ftudies'wich greater quiet and retirement, 
 and inure themfelves to a fevere courfe of life 
 to prepare them for the Crofs. But at length, 
 Dunftan, a man of excellent wit and judgment, 
 after his reputation of fandiry and learning had 
 given him free accefs to the converfation of 
 Princes, inftead of chefe brought in Monks of 
 a newer Order, namely, Benedi£lines , and was 
 himfclf firil made Abbot over that large body 
 fettl’d there : and ihefe, by the bounty of good 
 and pious Princes, got fo much wealth as even 
 exceeded that of Kings. After they had, for 
 about 600 years together, reign d a it were in 
 great abundance (for all their neighbours were 
 at their beck,) they were driven out by Hen- 
 ry 8 ^ and the Monaftery, which by degrees had 
 grown into a little city, was demoHfti’d,and laid 
 level with the ground : how large and how late- 
 ly it has been, may be learnt from the ruins. 
 
 I ftiall be reckon’d among the Credulous of 
 our age, if 1 Ipeak any thing of the Wallnut- 
 * Buds. C. tree here, which never * budded before the feaft 
 of S. Barnabas, and on that very feaft-day (hot 
 out leaves in great abundance : or the t Haw- 
 thorn-tree^ which || budded on Chriftmas-day as if 
 it were in May : And yet (if men may be traded) 
 chefe things are affirm’d by feveral credible per- 
 fons. fThe Hawthorn-tret has been cut downthefe 
 many years j yet there are fome Hill growing 
 in the County from branches of that ; as parti- 
 * w. Stroud, cularly, one in the garden * of the poffelTor of 
 the ground, where the other flood j and ano- 
 ther in a garden now belonging to an Inn there. 
 Mr. Rajr thinks, the former of thefe is what is 
 commonly called Nux Saniti Jobannis^ which 
 flioots out about Midfummer or the Nativity 
 of St. John, but 12 days after the feaft of St. 
 
 Barnabof; and that the H.iW-thorn,{o much calk’d 
 of here, differs but accidentally from the Fr«- 
 tex commonly fo called aferibing this flngular 
 effedl, either to Chance or Art.l Before I Rave 
 this head, take in fhort what Giraldus Cam- 
 brenfis, an eye-witnefs, has deliver’d at large 
 concerning Arthurs Grave in this Church-yard. 
 
 When Henry 2. King of England had learn’d xhe wirlib 
 from thefongs of the Bcitifli Bards, that Arthur Arthur, 
 the moft noble heroe of the Bricains, whofe Va- ■ 
 lour had fb often difeomficed the Saxon forces, 
 was bury’d at Glaflenbury between two Pyra- 
 mids, he order’d fearch to be made for the bo- 
 dy ; and they had fcarce du^ feven foot deep, 
 when they light upon a * cro/iV-ftone, or aftone*Qppus. 
 in the back-part whereof was fatten’d a rude 
 leaden Cro/},of good breadth. This being drawn 
 our, appear’d to have an infeription upon it; 
 and under it, almoft nine foot deep, they found 
 a Coffin made of hollow’d oak, wherein were 
 depofited the bones of the famous Arthur. As to 
 the Infeription, which was taken from the origi- 
 nal, and was formerly written and preferv’d in 
 the monaftery of Glaflenbury, I thought it pro- 
 per to fubjoyn a draught of ir, becaufe of the 
 Antiquity of the letters. They have a fort of bar- 
 barous and Gothick appearance ; and are a plain 
 evidence of the barbarity of chat age, which 
 was overfpread with an Ignorance fo grofs and 
 fatal, that it afforded not one Pen to celebrate 
 the name of King Arthur. A fubjed, without 
 all difpute, worthy the Parts and Invention of 
 ^moft learned ; who by praifing fo great a 
 pilnce, might have alfo procur’d to themfelves 
 an immortal Name. That mighty Bulwark of 
 the Britifii Government may juftly reckon this 
 among his greaceft misfortunes, that the age did 
 not afford a t Panegyrift equal to his Virtues.. 
 
 But nov^r take a view of the Crofs and inferip-' 
 tion. 
 
 
 ,EfTp/ 
 
 IE 1 ] V/ 
 
 \Ornus, C. i 
 \\ Buds.C. . 
 
 Oxyacaniba. i 
 
 ikTV <Jr<'Q[H]EL 
 
 iLA'>/ 
 
 Hift. Plant. 
 L. 25. c. I. 
 & I. 26. c. 6 - 
 
 Not 
 
82 
 
 8i SOMERSETSHIRE. 
 
 Nor will it be improper to fubjoyn what our 
 Countryman Jofephus Ifcanus^ no mean or ordi- 
 nary poetj has laid of Arthur, in his Antiocbeh. 
 
 Jims celebri fato fxlici claruit ortu 
 Flos Regum Arthurus^ cujus zhm falia Jiuprij 
 Hon micuere minus j totus ^uod in aure voluptaSj 
 Et jojulo flaudente fa'Vtts. ^uemcmqtte jrio- 
 rum 
 
 Infffce, Felaum commendat fama tyrannum, 
 Tagina Cafareos loejuitur Romana triumpbos^ 
 Alcidem domitis attollit gloria monfiris. 
 
 Sed nec pinetum coryli^ me fydera folem 
 ty£ejuant Annales Latios, Graio'f^ue revolve, 
 Trifca parent nefeit^ a^ualem pojlera nullum 
 Exhibitura dies. Reges fupereminet omnes, 
 
 Solus prateritis melior^ majortpue futuris. 
 
 From this Heft place immortal Arthur 
 fprung, 
 
 Whofe wondrous deeds ftiall be for ever 
 fung j 
 
 Sweet mufick to the ear, fwcet honey to the 
 tongue. j 
 
 Look backj turn o’re the great records of 
 fame. 
 
 Proud Alexander boafts a mighty name. 
 The Roman Annals Csefar^s adions load. 
 And conquer’d monfters rais’d Alcides to a 
 God. 
 
 But neither fhrubs above tall pines appear. 
 Nor Phosbus ever fears a rival ftar j 
 So would our Arthur in conteft o’recome 
 The mightieft heroes bred in Greece or 
 
 Rome. 
 
 The only Prince thar hears this juft applaufe, 
 Greateft that e’re Ihall be, and beft that ever 
 was. 
 
 This Heroe (to obferve it by the way out of 
 Ninnius, if it be worth our notice) was call’d 
 Mab-Usery i. e. a horrible fon, becaufe from his 
 childhood be was of a cruel temper ; and Arthur, 
 which fignifies in Britifh a horrible bear, or an iron 
 f Molx, hammer to break the t grinders of Lyons. 
 
 Take alfo, if you pleafe, fome other monu- 
 ments of this place, tho’ not altogether fo an- 
 cient, out of William of Malmsbury. What is 
 a myijery to all mankind y J would willingly fet downy 
 if the truth might pojfbly be fifted out j i. e. what 
 Pyramids meaUy fome feet diflant from the old 
 I en ury. Q\}^Ychy and facing the Monks Church-yard. "The 
 higher, and that nearer the Churchy has five fiories, 
 and is 26 foot high. ThiSy tho it is ready to fall for 
 ag0y has yet feme monuments of antiquity plainly legi- 
 hky but not fo plainly intelligible. For in the uppermofi 
 fiories, there is an image of an Epifeopal figure. In 
 tbefecond, an image Jhowing fometbing of a King-like 
 pompy and tbefe letters, H E R. SEXI. and BLIS- 
 WERH. In the third too are thefe names, WEM- 
 CHESTE. BANTOMP. WINEWEGN. In the 
 fourth, HATE. WVLFREDE. W EAN- 
 FLEDE. In the fifth (which is the lowermofl,') an 
 Image, and this writing, LOGWOR. WESLIE- 
 LAS, and BREGDENE. SWELWES. HWIN- 
 GENDES. BERNE. "The other Vyrawid is 18 
 foot high, and has four fiories, in which are written 
 HEDDE bijlsopyand BREGORRED, and BE- 
 ORWALDE. 
 
 What thefe may fignifie, I dare not rajhly determin 
 but only make a probable conjeSlure, that the bones of 
 tbofe men whofe names are written on the outfide, may 
 be laid in hollow fiones within. As for LOG WOR , 
 
 ^ he is pofitively affirm'd to be the perfon from whom the 
 
 Mons ic\i- place now call'd Montacute' was formerly nam'd 
 X-OGWERESBEORH. fFrew BREGDEN.o 
 BRENTAK.NOLLE, now called Brenremers : 1 
 And BEORWALDE too was Abbot after HEM- 
 GISELUS. 
 
 To give a lift of the Weft-Saxons Kings bu- 
 ry d here, would be befide my bufinefs. Yet I 
 cannot but mention Edgar the Feaceful (if it Edgar tbe 
 were upon no other account, but that he al- Beuceful, 
 ways labour’d after Peace,) and fubjoyn his E- 
 pitapb, penn d very well for that age ; 
 
 AuSlor opum, vindex fcelerum, largitor honorum, 
 
 Sceptriger Edgarus regnafuperna petit. 
 
 Hie alter Salomon, legum pater, orbita pacts, 
 
 ^_uod caruit bellis, cla> uit inde magis . 
 
 Templa Deo, templis monachos, monachis dedit 
 agros : 
 
 Ne^uitia lapfum, ^ufiitieeque locum. 
 
 Novit enim regno verum per^uirere falfo, 
 
 Immenf im modico, perpetudmque brevi. 
 
 He that good adlions did with honours "V 
 crown. 
 
 Enrich d the realm, the daring vice put ^ 
 down, I 
 
 Edgar to heaven, which he deferv’d, is 
 gone. J 1 
 
 laws and lafling peace, 
 
 Yet honour d more than with a conqueror’s I 
 praife, y 
 
 While bold oppreffion fell, and juftice kept ^ 
 her place. ■ 
 
 Churches to God, to Churches Monks he 
 „ gave, 
 
 To Monks poffeffions they fiiodj -c-v-i l-.r/e. 
 Thus for a fliort, a falfe, a bounded reign. 
 He knew a vaft, a true, an endlels one >0 
 gam. 
 
 Below GlalTenbury, the three rivers met,, 
 there, make a fenn ^ and afterwards difeha. 
 ging cbemfelves together at one little mouth, 
 run weftward in one chanel to the ^Eftuary of 
 Uzella, hy Gedney^moore ; or (as others will have Geci 
 itCi\\d)Godney-moir:, alfirming it to import 
 mu^ch as God’s^ Ifiand, and chat it was granted to 
 
 t)f Arimathea : Then, paft Weadmore aWeadmoi 
 Village of King Alfred’s, which he gave by his 
 
 Will to hisfon Edward: Band, at the likeAubr. MS. 
 diftance on the other fide, by Edington, where, Edington. 
 about fifty years fince, were found feveral hun- 
 dreds of moulds of fine clay, for Coining; and 
 near them, a floor of Chequer-work : 1 and then 
 through that fenny fpacious traift, Brentmerfh,'Brer^tmetlh, 
 which the Monks of GlalTenbury have inter- 
 preted a country of fenn-frogs, and it’s little town* SeeGlaflen- 
 * Brent knoly a little hill of frogs. bury 
 
 From hence to the Eaft, Mendippe-hills run outMcndippe. 
 a great way both in length and breadth. Ls-hdls. 
 land calls them Mimrary-bills , and, I think, not 
 amifs, fince in old Records they are nam’d Mu- 
 neduppe; abounding with lead-mines, and afford- 
 ing very good pafture. fin thefe, it is free for 
 any Englifli-man to work, except he has for- 
 feited his right by ftealing any of the oar, or 
 tools, of others. And their law or cuftom in 
 that cafe, is very remarkable. The Groviers (for 
 fo the Miners are call’d, as the pits they fink 
 are call’d Groves) living at fome diftance, leave 
 their tools, and the oar they have got, fome- 
 times Open upon the hill, or at moft only fimt- 
 up in a flight hutt. Whoever among them fteals 
 any thing, and is found guilty, is thus punifti’d : 
 
 He is flmc up in a hutt, and thun dry fearn, fur- 
 zes, and fuch other combuftible matter, is put 
 round it, and fire fet to it. When it is on fire, 
 the Criminal who has his hands and feet at li- 
 berty, may with them (if he can) break down 
 his butt, and, making himfelf a paflage out of 
 it, get free and be gone ; but he muft ne- 
 ver come to work, nor have to do any more, on 
 the hill. This they call Burning of the hill. There 
 is lead alfo dug on Broadwell-down, and other Broa^.w-dJ 
 parts thereabouts, lying between Wrhton and 
 L Blackwell. 
 
83 
 
 B E L GJE. 
 
 BUckwell. About the weft-end of Mendiffe-hilh 
 + Philof. is found plenty of t Calamlnarls, lying near 
 Trani'. furface of the earth. ThiSj calcin’d, and 
 
 mix’d with copper, makes brafs. Here are alio 
 fome veins of Magnefia or Mavgontffe^ and ol 
 Tellow Oker.l In thele Hills, there is a cave ot 
 a vaft winding length, wherein are difcover d 
 Ochle-hole.pQf^g Wells and rivulets. Ocbiebok is the name 
 of it ; and the inhabitants thereabouts have 
 broach’d as many wild fanciful Stories concer- 
 Strabo. ning it, as the Italians have of their Sibyllas cave 
 in the Apennine Alps. But without doubt it had 
 the name from OgOy a Britifla word fignifying a 
 cave • as the Illand Eubaa^ from a cave of the 
 fame nature, was call’d by a name like this, 
 OCHA. iBy others it is call’d Wockey-hole-, 
 and deriv’d from poc, which fignifies crooked, or 
 creeky\ from whence the Britilh Ogo might alfo 
 come. From a very narrow entrance, it opens 
 into a large vault, the roof whereof (either by 
 reafon of it’s height, or the thicknefs of the 
 air) they who go in, cannot difcover by the 
 light of the candles which they carry with them. 
 After having clamber’d over fcveral rough and 
 unequal paftages among the moift rocks, you 
 come at laft to a ftream of very clear cold water \ 
 which did, in all likelyhood, heretofore dif- 
 charge it lelf by the mouth of the Cave that 
 now is ; but, changing its courfe, and breaking 
 out by an under-current, was the caufe that the 
 Cave, of confequence, came to be as we now 
 fee it. In feveral places of this Cave, one may 
 perceive that the droppings of water encreafe 
 the rock, and are turn’d into ftone ; in fome pla- 
 ces hanging down like icicles.l Not far from 
 this Cave, in the reign of Henry 8, in plowing 
 they caft up an oblong plate of lead, vvhich 
 had been erected for a Trophy, with this In- 
 fcription • 
 
 TI. CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVG. P.M. 
 TRIB. P. VIIII. IMP. XVI. DE. BRI- 
 TAN. 
 
 This ninth Tribunefiiip of Claudius, fell-in 
 with the year 802. from the building of Rome, 
 and with the Confulfliip of Anciftius and M. 
 Suillius ; at which time great difturbanccs hap- 
 pen’d under P. Oftorius Propraetor of Britain. 
 From the circumftances of this time, give me 
 leave to infer fome Conjeftures. Thar,this fame 
 •year, Claudius had two fignal victories over the 
 Britains, is attefted by an ancient Coin of that 
 Emperour, the beft evidence that can be. On 
 one fide of it is this Infcription, TI. CLAVD. 
 CAESAR AVG. P.M. TR. P. VHIE IMR 
 XVI. PP. On the reverfe, DE BRITAN. 
 ^itb a triumphal arch, the figure of an horfeman at 
 full fpeed, and two trophies. Now, who thefe 
 Britains were that he conquer’d, Tacitus informs 
 us • for he fays, that Claudius, by the conduct 
 Cartgl, a peo-^f Oftorius, fubdu’d two of the Britilh Teople this 
 pie of’Bri- year, namely, the Iceni and the Cangi. 
 tain. But feeing the Ic<ni are at a great diftance, 
 
 and as it were in another Hemifphere ; what if 
 we ftiould fay, that this Trophy was eredted in 
 memory of a victory over the Cangi^ a fmall 
 people comprehended under our Belga, and that 
 thofe Cangi were’feated here? For not far from 
 Annal. 1. 12. hence is the Irifh-fea, near which he places the 
 32. Cangi i and there feem to be remains of the 
 mmQ Cangi in fome places hereabouts, as in the 
 hundreds of Cannington and Canings^ in Wmcaun- 
 tcn, which is fometimes call’d Cangton 3 and 
 * Kaingfhamj as much as to fay, the manfion of the 
 
 Canid. EpT' let the reader judge of thefe raac- 
 p.24. * ^ ters ; for my own part (as I faid) I do not go 
 
 Still. Orig. beyond conjedure, but only endeavour to trace 
 P* 32- out the Cangiy * which 1 ttill hope to meet with 
 c io another place. (And yet (if weconfider two 
 
 or three reafons more, that may ftill be added 
 to ftiengthen the foregoing) we may polTibly 
 fee fufficient Inducements to reft here, without 
 fearching further. For, i. The whole courfe of 
 Ofiorius's march feeins to convince us, that the 
 liv’d in this part of the Ifland ^ efpe- 
 cially if the/«»imay, upon the authority and 
 reafons of a late * Author, be brought to thofe* 
 parts where the Ikenild-fireet pafs d. After he hadof5(,^(,j 
 quell’d the Iceni, he immediately march’d againft>»«,cap,; 
 the Cangi ; but before he had finifh’d his Con-*®'^- 3 - 
 quefts over them, the commotions of ^he firi- 
 games requir’d his prefence in their Country, 
 and brought back the General, as the Hiftorian 
 fays. Now if the Cangi had inhabited Chefbirey 
 they had almoft lain in his way to the Brigantes, 
 who therefore could not be faid to bring back the 
 General. But after they were fubdu’d, he comes 
 back, and fettles a Colony at Camulodunum, which 
 (if the refemblance of the name, the nature of 
 the place, and all the figns of a Roman ftation 
 be of any force) we may place ac t Camakt in-f Secthe( 
 this County. Befides, it muft needs bein thofe{"‘P‘'™‘^ 
 parts, becauferhe Romans march’d from thence 
 CO fubdue the Sdures, from whom they march’d 
 againft the Ordovices. And can we imagin that 
 any prudent General (as Ofiorius no doubt was) 
 would harrafs his Soldiers with fuch a needlefs 
 march, as from Chefhire ox Staffordfiiire into South- 
 Wales, and fo leave enemies behind him in 
 North-Wales 3 into which they would firft have • 
 bent their courfe, if Camulodunum had been 
 fo near it, as * fome endeavour to prove ?*Pb*H 
 2. Lipfius’s conjeiiure, of reading (inftead 
 the Cenimagni of Csefarj Cangi, confirms chis^ 
 opinion ; for if that be allow’d, then from Cs- 
 far’s own words thofe Iceni and Cangi, muftbe 
 plac’d in the fouth parts of Britain, near the 
 Bibroci (in Barklhire,) and the SegontiadimHam- 
 {hire •, ) fo that the licuation of the Cangi will 
 in all probability fall in North-Wiltfhire an^ So- 
 merfetjhire. 3. The memory of thefe people, pre- 
 ferv’d in feveral names of places befides thofe 
 already mention’d : Such are, Canin5an-m£p- 
 pcef* in the Saxon Chronicle ; which are un- 
 doubtedly the marfhes in Somerfetlhire. InWilt- 
 ftiire, there is the Hundred of Caningt ; and in it 
 a town of the fame name, call’d in old Writings 
 Caningas ; as in another Hundred is Alcannings 
 (as much, poffibly, as old, or old Cannings.) And 
 that ancient town of Cain (efpecially if fpell’d 
 as we find it in Domefday, Cauna, or, as at this 
 day, Caun) feems to retain fomeching of the 
 name. 4. Why may not the Severn-fea be that 
 which Tacitus fays looks towards Ireland, near 
 which the Cangi liv’d j and Avon in thofe parts, 
 the Antona of Tacitus, on the banks whereof 
 Ofiorius, before the rebellion broke our, had made 
 feveral garrifons ? But this, by the way.T 
 
 Amongft the hills, is Cbuton, the feat (if I rai-CliaW' 
 ftake not) of William Bonvill, whom Henry 6 > 
 by the name of William de Bonvill and Cbuton, fum-B»jon Bo 
 mon’d CO Parliament among the Barons,and made 
 him Knight of the Garter,and enrich’d his fon by 
 marriage with Baron Harrington s only daughter, 
 who was then but young. But when he, very 
 ungratefully, fided with the houfe of York in 
 the Civil wars as if fome Fury had haunted 
 him for revenge, he was an eye-witnefs of the 
 untimely death of that his only Ion, and of 
 Baron Harrington his grandchild by him, fialnin 
 the bacrle of Wakefield. And prelently after, to 
 make his old age as miferable as ic could be» 
 whilft he was in fome hope andexpei 5 tacion of 
 better Days, himfelf was taken in the fecond 
 battle at S. Albans,and,when hisglafs had well- 
 nigh run our, was beiieaded, leaving behind 
 him Cecilia his grand-daughter and heir, then 
 very young, but, afterward marry’d to Thomas 
 Grey Marquefs of Dorfet, to whom flie brought 
 
 a 
 
86 
 
 
 SOMERSETSHIRE. 
 
 a large eftate. Notwithftanding, this Gentle- 
 min’s Honour was in fome meafure reftor’d to 
 Eatfard4.him. by an Ad of Parliament declaring him 
 * innocent. fThe faid and his Wife, lie 
 
 ijuerr’d in the Chancel of the Church ; and it 
 is now the Manour, as well as title, of the Lord 
 WaUgrave^ ^which Family, by K. James 2, were 
 Chi'eWagna created Barons WaUgrave of Chutcn^ Towards 
 pBiilioiis i);\Q north is Cbue Magna or Bi(l}ops-Cbuej where is 
 Chu* , dug-up a red holus, call’d by the country-people 
 ReJhg, from thence diftributed all over Eng- 
 land for the marking of fheep, and fuch other 
 ufes : it is alfo often us’d by Apothecaries in- 
 Stowey- Itead of Bolus Armenus. And at Stowey^ on the 
 fide of a hill above the Church, rifes a large 
 I'pring, that is never dry. The water coming 
 from thence as it runs through Stowey, covers 
 the things that it meets in it’s courfe, with a 
 jlony cruft. This efFeift it has not, in the very 
 fburce, nor within 20 yards where it rifes: the 
 place where it works moft, is about forty or 
 fifty yards from the rifing, at a fall higher than 
 a man’s length. There it ftieaths every thing 
 tMr. Lake’s ftony cafes, and makes the fides of the 
 ‘Jri> bank, a hard rock ; and from thence all along 
 ftream, it covers (ticks, &c. with a cruft.tl 
 Under Mendi^^e-hills to the north, is the little 
 Ccmgersbury. village Congersbury, fo call’d from one Congarusa 
 perfon of great fandtity (Capgrave tells us, he 
 was the fonof an Emperour of Conftantinople,) 
 Harpetre. ^vho here liv’d a hermit i and Harfitre, formerly 
 a caftle belonging toafamily of the fame name, 
 which defcended hereditarily to the Gornaies, 
 and from them to the Ah-Adams, who (as I have 
 |jXe\vtors.j-ead) reftor’d it to the Gornaies, fto whom |] the 
 prefent PoftefTors are related. To the north- 
 Ckurclul. weft from thefe Hills, lies CWcW ; which gave 
 firname to the family, that happily produced 
 the celebrated Jleroe of this age, John Duke of 
 Wroxhall. /Marlborough. Wroxhall (in fome old writings call’d 
 JVrekefjale) hath been for a long time the feat of 
 the Gorges of which ancient Family, Ralph de 
 Gorges was in the 47^“ year of Henry 3, made 
 Governour of Shirburn-Caflle, and, a little af- 
 ter, of the Caftleof Exeter 5 from whofetime, 
 the Family hath been continued here, and is 
 lately reduced to an iffue-female.l But to re- 
 turn. Southward, not far from the famous Cax»e, 
 at the bottom of Mendippe-bills, is a little city 
 (built upon a rocky foil) and an Epifcopal See. 
 Leland tells us (upon what grounds I know not) 
 that it was formerly call’d Theodorodanum S the 
 V^dles. name of it now isHfij/tcj, fo call’d from th^WeHs 
 I which fpring up in all parrs of it ; fo * Sufa in 
 
 Croia in Dalmatia, and Pagafe in Mact- 
 Siephanus'^indonia, had their names from wells or fountains: 
 I'isBook De from whence alfo this Church is call’d The Church 
 liiells. It may juflly challenge the pre-emi- 
 nence in this County, both for populoufnefs, 
 and ftatelinefs of buildings. It has a Church 
 and a College built by King Ina to the honour 
 of St. Andrew j which was prefendy endow’d 
 with large revenues by feveral great men. A- 
 mong the reft, King Kinevt/ulph gave to 
 it a great many neighbouring places, in the 
 year 766. For thus his Charter runs: 
 wulpb King of the Wef-SaxonSj for the love of God^ 
 and (-which flsallnot be here particularly Mention d) 
 feme vexations of our Corni(h enemies^do by the confent 
 efmj Bijhops and Noble-Men, humbly make-over by gif t 
 a certain parcel of ground to the Apofile and fervant of 
 God, S. Andrew, i- e. xi Man/ions near the river 
 call’d J'Ftlwe, towards the increafe of the Monaftery^ 
 Jituatencar the great fountain call’d Wielea. Which 
 1 fet down here, both on account of it’s Anti- 
 quity, and becaufe fome are of opinion that 
 the place cook it’s name from this river. The 
 Church indeed is exceeding beautiful, and no- 
 thing can be finer chan it’s frontifpiece towards 
 Che Weft, which is one entire pile of ftacues 
 
 curioufly wrought out of ftone, and of great 
 antiquity. 
 
 The Bifliop’s palace is very fplendid, and to- 
 wards the fouih looks like a Caftle, as it is for- 
 tily d with walls and a ditch ; and the Pteben- 
 daries houfes on the ocher fide, are exceeding 
 near. For there are 27 Prebends, with 19 pec- 
 ^-Canons, b>.;fides a Dean, a Precentor, fa 
 ireaiurer, la Chancellor, and 3 Arch-deacons, 
 
 ^his Church. Tin the year 
 ot Henry the 8-^, an A <51 of Parliament pafledCap. 15,' 
 lor the Dean and Chapter of Wells to be one foie 
 Chapter of it felf .1 A Bifhop's See was fettl’d 
 herein the time of Ed ward the Elder. For when 
 the Pope had Excommunicated this Edward, 
 upon pretence that the difeipline of the Church 
 vvas quite negledted in this wefterly part of his 
 kingdom ; he, knowing himfelf notwichftand- 
 ing to be a nurfing father of the Church, ere- 
 ifted three new Bifliopricks, Kirton, Cornwall^ and 905. 
 
 ^is of Wells, where he made Eadulph firft Bi- 
 mop. Not many years after, Gifo was fee over Hiflory of 
 this Diocele, whom Harold Earl of the Weft- Bath. 
 Saxons and of Kent (gaping after the revenues 
 of the Church) did fo periecute, that this See 
 was almoft quite deftroy’d. But William the 
 firft, after he had conquer’d Harold, lent a 
 helping hand to Gifo, then in exile, and to this 
 diftreffed Church : at which time (as is evident 
 from Domefday-book) the Bijlsop held the town it 
 felf, which gelded for <;o hides. Afterwards, in the 
 reign of Henry i. ^oh-n deViUula a French-man 
 of Tours was eledfed Bilhop, and tranflated the 
 See to Bath, by which means thefe two grew 
 into one, and the Biftiop has his title from both , 
 fo that the fame perfon is ftyl’d Bi(hop of Bath 
 and Wells : Which occalion’d fome hot difputesSee In the 
 between the Monks of Bath and the Canons 
 Wells, about the eledlion of the Bifhops. fBuc?'?'*'”-/^ . 
 yet it is obfervable, that almoft 200 years after 
 John, the Bilhops were called Bifliops of Bath See is vacant. 
 only, and fometimes of Glafton, but not of 
 Wells. For,l in the mean time t Savaricus Bifliopf Savanari- 
 of Bach, being aUb Abbot of Glaffenbury, tran-cus, C. 
 flated his See thither, and was ftyl’d Bi^sop of 
 GlaJJenbury, but that title dy’d with him : afid 
 the difference between the Monks and the Ca- 
 nons was at laft compos’d by that Robert who 
 divided the revenues of his Church into fo many 
 Prebends, and fettl’d a Dean, a Sub-dean, &c. 
 
 Bifhop Jocelin alfo, about the fame time aug- 
 mented the Church with new buildings 3 and 
 in the memory of f our Grandfathers^ Ralphs So faid, 
 de Sbrowsbery (as fome call him) built a very 
 neat College for the Vicars and finging-Men ad- 
 joyning to the north part of the Church and 
 alfo fas is faid by fomel enclos’d the Bifhop’s 
 palace with a wall. fBut that was certainly 
 done by Ralph Ergbum (the fourth Bifhop after 
 Sbrowsbery) who hnifil’d this work and his life 
 together, 10 Apr. A. D. 1400. whereas Shrows- 
 berydfd 14 Aug. An. 1 3 36. The truth of this 
 is evident from a Record made by a Monk of 
 Bath who liv’d at the fame time, and not long 
 after in a Menology to the 10'^'* of April, wrote as 
 follows : Obsit Dominus Radulphus Epifeopus Batbon. 
 
 ^ Well, ifio die Sabbati ; qui valluvit muris d'' 
 fojfis palatiuM Epifeopi apud Wells, facet ibidcMj 
 Anno Dorn. MCCCC. litera Dominicali C. i. e. On 
 chat Sabbath, dy’d Ralph Biftiop of Bath and 
 Wells, who made a wall and a trench about the 
 Bifhop’s Palace at Wells, where he lies bury’d, 
 
 A. D. MCCCC. the Dominical Letter C. This 
 Book was writ by the Monk, An. 1428.I Iri 
 the way from the palace to the market, Thomas 
 Bekington, Bifliop, built a very beautiful gace^ 
 and 12 ftately ftone houfes of the fame height 
 hard-by in the market-place : In the middle 
 whereof is a market-houfe fupporced by feven 
 outer pillars and a curious arch, built by Bifhop 
 
 Williani 
 
8 ; 
 
 B E L G AL. 
 
 WilUam Knigke and Dean WoMman for the ufe 
 of the market-people. Fit is commonly call cl 
 The CroS ■ and befide that, there has been built 
 a fair market-houfe of late years between the 
 faid Crofs, and the gate which leads to the pa- 
 lace.1 All thefe are in the eaft part oi the 
 town. In the weft is a Parifli-Church dedica- 
 ted to S. Cuthbert ; and near it, anHofpual 
 built by Nicholas Buhwith Bifhop, for 24 
 people. rWeft of Wells ^ juft under Mendippe- 
 Cheddar, bills, lies Cheddar^ famous for the excellent and 
 prodigious great Cheefes made therCj fome 01 
 which require more than one man’s ftrength to 
 fee them on the table, and are of a delicate 
 tafte ; equalling, if not exceeding that of the 
 Parmefan. Above this place, is a gap as it were 
 cut into the hill, which affords a narrow pal- 
 fage for travellers between, and has ftupendous 
 high rocks on both fides, famous in this Coun- 
 Cheddar- try, under the name of Cheddar-Cliffs. At the 
 Cliffs. foot of thefe rocks, rifes a great and clear fpring, 
 whichj within a quarter of a mile of the fource, 
 drives 12 mills."! ^ ^ 
 
 Out of the Mineral-mountains before-mention d, 
 Fiomc. arifes the river Frome, which F(fpringing at 
 fome diftance from Sirattony from whence Sir 
 Stratton. Berkley, Was, for his eminent Services to the 
 
 Crown, created by King Charles 2, Lord Berk- 
 ley ol Stratton^^ haftens eaftward by chofe pits 
 of coal, that are made ufe of by fmiths as moft 
 proper to foften iron 5 and before it has run any 
 great way, wheeling towards the north, it is the 
 boundary between this County and Gloucefter- 
 Farlcy. fiiire^ and wafties Farley, Foncel a caftle on a bill 
 F(but now pulled down,)1 belonging not many 
 years fince to the Hungerfords, where formerly 
 Humphrey Bohun built a monaftery ; at a little 
 Pkilips-Nor- diftance from Philips-Norton, a famous market- 
 town, taking it’s name from the Church, dedi- 
 •Wellow. cated to Sc. Philip ; Fand not far from Wellow, 
 Aubr. MS. in which manour, was difcovered, <?«». i68y. a 
 Gale, p. 88, Roman chequer’d pavement; as was alfo ano- 
 T?’bf d thtr at Batbford, in a room which was found 
 Bathford. ^j^^gj._ground in digging; the Pavement where- 
 of was cheqiier’d-work of white, blue, and red ; 
 and a third, near KnolUbill in this County .1 
 Lower down, is Selwood before-mention’d, a 
 wood that fpreads it felf a long way both in 
 length and breadth, and is chick fee with trees. 
 From this (as Ethelwerd tells us) the neigh- 
 Lib.2. c. 11. touring Country was call’d Selvsoodpnre, F(his 
 words are, Sealwudfcire, Epifeopatus Scireburnenjis, 
 the Biftioprick of Shirburn ; )1 and a town near 
 it is to this day call’d Frome-Selivood, fupporced 
 moftly by the woollen manufadture. Scarce 
 two miles from hence to the weft, is a fmall 
 but pretty neat caftle, built by the De la Mares, 
 Nonneyde and thence call’d Nonney de la Mare, which by 
 la Mare, inheritance defcended from them to the 
 
 letts. Not far from whence is Witbam, where 
 King Henry 3. built a Nunnery. FAfcer the 
 Difl’olution of Religious Houfes, it came into 
 the Family of Hopton, and was the poffeflion of 
 the famous Lord Hopton, whofe fidelity and Ser- 
 vices to the Crowiij in the moft perilous times, 
 defervedly raifed him to that honour.T 
 And now Frome, encreas’d by fome little ri- 
 vers out of this wood, at laft throws it felf into 
 Avon. the noble river Avon, which with a winding 
 coiirfe prefently runs to that ancient City, call’d 
 by Ptolemy, from the Baths, i. e. Hot 
 foils, waters ; and by Antoninus, Waters of the Sun ; by 
 the Britains, Tr ennaint Twymin, as alfo Caer Badon^ 
 by the Saxons, Bajiaiicei-oep, hac Bajjan, and 
 (from the concourfe of lick people) fAceman- 
 nej-ceaprep,! Ackmanchefer, as much as a City oj 
 Valetudinarians', fandby Florence of Worcefter, 
 *Dsurbibus. * Stephaiius calls it Badiz,a', 
 Bathe. we at this day Bathe ; and the modern Latin Ba- 
 thonia. It lies low in a plain not very large. 
 
 Knoll-hill. 
 
 Selwood. 
 
 W’itham. 
 
 and is as it were fortify d on every fide with 
 hills of an equal height, which fend down ma- 
 ny fprings into the City, to the great advan- 
 tageof the citizens. Inthe cicy it felf, arifeThe hath 
 three hot fprings, of a blewifh and fea-colour, 
 which exhale a thin fort of milt, and fomething 
 of tan ill favour, proceeding from corrupt wa.|Mjpyj, 
 ter mix’d with earth and brimftone ; (for the 
 water it felf has a fulphur, and bituminous mat- 
 ter, incorporated with it.) They are an effe- 
 dual remedy to fuch bodies, as by reafon of ill 
 humours are dull and heavy ; for by virtue of 
 their heat they caufe fweating, and by that 
 means the ftrength of the humour is abated. But it 
 is not at all hours that they are wholfom ; for from 
 eight in the morning till three in the afternoon, 
 they are extream hot, and boy! up violently, by 
 which they are mudded, and throw up a filthy 
 fort of fluff from the bottom : fo that at thefe 
 times they F \\ ufed formerly to be! fliut ^ 
 
 nor * did any go into them, till by their flukes* po’c,' 
 they had eas’d themfelves ot that fluff, and were 
 purg’d. FBut now the Bath may be enter’d 
 without danger at any time ; and in the hot wea- 
 ther when the feum arifes, the guides of the 
 bach take fome time to cleanfe the water, 
 (which they generally do at their coming-in;) 
 and many bathers are in the morning in each 
 till dinner-time, without any prejudice from the 
 fcum.l Of thefe three, that which is call’d 
 The CroJS-batb, from a Crofs formerly ereded in 
 the middle of it, is very gentle, and moderate- 
 ly warm. Upon the fide of it are * 16 ftone-^j^ 
 leats ; and it is enclos’d with a wall. The fe- ’ 
 cond, t foot and a half diftanc, is rauchf Scarce 21 
 hotter, whereupon it is called Whot-bath,oi Hot-Q. 
 bath. Near thefe, is an Hofpital built by Regi- 
 nald Bifhop of Bathe, to relieve the neceffides 
 of the fick ; and thole two are in the midft of 
 a ftreet on the wefl-fide of the City. The third, 
 which is largeft, is in the very heart of the Ci- 
 ty, and is call’d, the King*s or Royal bath j it is 
 near the Cathedral Church, and enclos’d alfo 
 with a wail. It is accommodated with \\ 28 featsu 32, C, 
 arch’d over, Fand with other ftonc-benches,"! on 
 which the men and women fit apart ; and both 
 of them, when they go into the water, put on 
 linnen drawers. Where the Cathedral Church 
 now ftands, a Temple is faid to have been for- 
 merly dedicated to Minerva. It is out of allTempleo 
 doubt, that Solinus Polybifior means thefe baths, Mlnervi. 
 when he fays. In Britain there are hot fprings, 
 richly accommodated with all conveniences for the jer- 
 vice of mankind ; their tutelar Deity is Minerva, in 
 whofe Temple thoje perpetual fires never turn to embers, 
 but when they go out, are converted into round pieces 
 of hard fione. Notwichftanding which, Arhe- 
 n^us affirms, that all hoc baths naturally fpring- 
 ing out of the earth, are facred to* Hercules 
 and indeed, amongft other old monuments 
 moft quite defac’d by age, there is here upon 
 the walls fomething of an ancient image of 
 Iiercules,holding a Serpent in his hand. But ra- 
 ther than any difference fliould arife upon this 
 head, we are willing to grant, that Baths were 
 dedicated both to Hercules and Minerva. For 
 the Greeks have cold us, chat Minerva was the 
 firft who furnifh’d Hercules with a bach after 
 he had finifh’d his labours. It is enough, if I 
 am allow’d to conclude, upon Solinus's autho- 
 rity, that fince (as he lays) Minerva was the 
 tutelar Goddtfs of chofe fprings, this muft be 
 the lame ciiy which the Britains caWd Caer Pal- 
 Uddur, that is in lacin Urbs Palladia a<^ua,OT, the dur. 
 city of Pallas’s water. For the thing, name, 
 and meaning do exactly anfwer. 
 
 The finding of thefe fprings, is by our fabu- 
 lous traditions referr’d to a Bricifli King call’d 
 Bleyden Doyth, j. e. Bleyden the fooch-faycrjtCIo)'^ 
 1 with what fiiow of truth, 1 leave others to de- 
 
 termin- 
 
Up 
 
 SOMERSETSHIRE. 
 
 90 
 
 j,5 very termin. However, Pliny affures us, chac thxsArt- 
 ?;SinArt- vvas in fuch wonderful efteem among 
 
 ^gick. 
 
 the Britains, that even the Perfians feem’d to 
 have derived it from hencej but as to chefebaths, 
 
 I dare not attribute their original to that art. 
 Some of our own nation, coo fupinely, affirm 
 that Julius Ca^far firft found them out. But I 
 cannot but think, that it was late before the 
 Romans came to know them, fince Solinus is 
 the ftrft that makes any mention of them. The 
 Aim S20. Saxons indeed about the * 44'*^ year after their 
 [nai‘o'”ore landing in Britain, by a breach of Articles re- 
 newing the war, laid fiege to this city, but be- 
 ing furpriz’d by the warlike Arthur, they betook 
 I Bsdon-hill. chemfelves to Eadoti-hillj where (tho’ in a def- 
 ' perate condition,) they fought it out to the laft, 
 
 and were flain in great numbers. This feems to 
 be the fame hill with that we now call Larmef- 
 dow»i hanging over a little village near the city, 
 Bailiibne. nam’d liatbjlone, and Blowing at this day ic^s bul- 
 warks, and a rampire. I know there are fome 
 who leek for it in Yorkfiiire ^ but let Gildas 
 himfelf reftore it to this place. For in an old 
 Manufeript-Copy of his Hiftory, in the Cam- 
 bridge-Library, where he treats of the vi- 
 ctory of Aurelius Ambrofius, he fays ,• To the 
 year of Badon-hiil (iege, which is not far from the 
 mouth of Severn. But if this will not convince 
 them, let them underftand farther, that the ad- 
 joyning vale lying along the river Avon for a 
 ' great way together, is call’d in Britifh Nant~Ba- 
 
 doH, i. e. the vale of Badon ; and where to feek 
 Badon~bill but near Badon-valleyj 1 cannot tell, 
 j For a long time after this, the Saxons, difeoura- 
 
 gedfrom making any more attempts upon this 
 City, left it quiet to the Britains. But in the 
 year of Chrift 577. after Ceawlin King of the 
 Weft -Saxons had defeated the Britains at Deor^ 
 
 I hantj this city being both befieg’d and ftorm’d, 
 
 kNottilla- lurrender’d to the Saxons; and t in a few 
 Lc95o, as years, recovering it felf, took the new name of 
 [feme f:iy. Akmancefier^ and grew up to a good degree of 
 Iplendor. For Osbrich, f(or rather Ofrick, a 
 petty King of the lVicciiy)~[ in the year 676. built 
 a Nunnery ; and prefently after, when it came 
 I into the hands of the Mercians, King Offa built 
 
 1 another Church ; but both were deftroy’d in the 
 
 Danifii Wars. Out of the ruins of thefe, there 
 ‘ grew up another Church dedicated to S. Pe- 
 
 , tar, to which Edgar (firnam’d the Teaceful) be- 
 
 . caufe he was here Inaugurated, granted feve- 
 
 ral Immunities; the memory whereof the in- 
 habitants ftill keep up by certain anniverfary 
 fports. fBut yet it is faid to be found, upon an 
 accurate learch into the records of the place, 
 that the Church wherein Edgar was crown’d, 
 ’ was the very building rais’d by Offa, which 
 
 flood fome years after ; and chat after Offa’s 
 time there was no new Church built till the year 
 1010. when Elpbege^ Archbiftiop of Canterbury, 
 founded one.T In the time of Edward the 
 Confeffor (as we read in Domefday-book) it 
 gelded for 20 Hides, when the Shire gelded. There 
 were 64 BurgeJJes of the King’s, and 30 of others. 
 But this flourilhing condition lafted not long; 
 lor prefently after the Norman Conqueft, Ro- 
 bert Mowbray nephew to the Bifhop of Con- 
 ftance, who rais’d a warm rebellion againft 
 William Rufus, plunder’d and burnt it. But it 
 recover’d in a fhorc time, by the affiftance of 
 ^ohn de Villula born at Tours in France, who be- 
 ing Biftiop of Wells, did (as Malmesbury in- 
 IlMarks c.formsus) for five hundred |j pounds purchafe 
 the city of Henry i. whither he tranflaced his 
 • See, tho’ Tas fome fayl ftill retaining the name 
 
 of Bifhop of Wells, and built him here a new 
 Cathedral. fBut as to the retaining of the 
 name, it muft be obferv’d, that Billiop Godwin 
 the contrary ; and a curious perfon, who 
 examin’d the Records, affirms, in his Hiftory 
 
 of Bathe, that he fubferibed himfelf only 
 Bathan.^ The faid Cathedral, hot long ago, 
 bein^g ready to drop down, Oliver King, Bifliop 
 01 Bath, laid the foundation of another near it, 
 exceedmg large and ftately ; which he well- 
 nigh finilh d. And if he had quite finilh’d it, 
 without all doubt it had exceeded moft Cathe- 
 drals in England. But the too early death of 
 that great Bilhop, with the publick dillurban- 
 ces, and the avarice of fome perfons, who (as 
 It IS faid) converted the money gather’d thro’ 
 England for that end, to other ufes, envy’d the 
 place this glory, fit is probable, that in me- 
 mory of him, were engraven thefe two veries, 
 which are ftill to be leen on the weft-end of 
 this Church. 
 
 'The trees geeing to cheefe a King, 
 
 Said, he to us thou, Oliver, KingU 
 
 However, from that time forward, Bath has 
 been a flouriCiing place, both for the woollen 
 manufadture, and the great refori of ftrangers; 
 and it is encompafs’d with walls, wherein they 
 have fix’d fome ancient Images and Roman In- 
 feriptions, to evidence the Antiquity of the 
 place : but age has fo worn the Letters, that 
 they are fcarce legible. And left any thing 
 fhould be wanting to the Dignity of Bath, it Earls of Bath, 
 has honour’d divers of our Nobility with the 
 title of Earl. For ws read that Thilebert de 
 Clsandew, born in Bretagne in France, had that 
 title conferr’d upon him by King Henry 7. Af- 
 terward, King Henry 8. in the 28’'' year of his 
 reign, created BoMrtAiVr Lord Fitz-Warin,Inquif. 
 
 Earl of Bath ; who dying in the 51ft year of 31 Hen. 8. 
 the fame King, was fucceeded by Johrs his fon, 
 who dy’d in the third year of Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 He, before the death of his father, had a Son, 
 
 John Lord Fitz.-Warin, from whom defeended 
 '^William, who greatly improv’d the nobility The pre. 
 of his birth by the ornaments of learning. Earl, C. 
 
 Harts, dying 12 July 1625. left this honour to 
 Edward his only fon then living, who having 
 no iffue-male that furviv’d him, the title, upon 
 his death, came to Sir Henry Bourchier, as fon to 
 Sir George Bourchier (who was third fon to John, 
 the fecond of that name, Earl of Bathe.) This 
 Henry dying without ilfue. An. i6f4. the title 
 lay vacant till King Charles the ad’s Refto- 
 ration, when, among other honours, it was 
 conferr’d (together with the titles of Baron of 
 Kilkbamftors and Biddiford, and Vifeount Grersevil 
 of Lanfdovm) upon John Grenevil, for his emi- 
 nent Services to that Prince, and his being par- 
 ticularly inftrumental in bringing about that 
 happy change.! Geographers make the Lon- 
 gitude of this City to be 20 degreesj and fS 
 minutes; the Latitude, fi degrees and 21 mi- 
 nutes. For a conclufion, take, if you picafe, 
 thofe Verfes, fuch as they are, concerning Bathe-, 
 made by Necbam, who flourilh’d f 400 years + Sa Mi, 
 
 ago. 
 
 ann. 
 
 Bathonia thermos vix prsefero Virgilianas, 
 ConfeSlo profunt balnea nofira feni. 
 
 Brofunt attritis, collijis, invalidijyue, 
 
 Et quorum morbis frigida caufa fubejb. 
 Bravenit bumanum jiabilis natura Itborem - 
 Servit natures legibus artis opus, 
 
 Jgne fuo fuccenfa tyuibus data balnea fervent, 
 o^nea fubter a^uas vafa latere putant. 
 Errorem fgmenta folent inducere pajfim, 
 
 Sed tjuid ? fulphureum novlmus e£e locurrss 
 
 Scarce ours to Virgil’s Baths the preference 
 give. 
 
 Here old decrepit wretches find relief. 
 
 To bruifes, fores, and ev’ry cold difeafe, 
 
 Apply’d, they never fail of quick fuccels. 
 
 M Thus 
 
pi 
 
 B E L G Al. 
 
 Thus human ills kind nature does remove ; 
 Thus nature's kindnefs human arts improve. 
 They’re apt to fanfy brazen ftoves below. 
 
 To which their conftant heat the waters 
 
 A little below, in a broken piece of ftone, 
 and large letters, is 
 
 Thus idle tales deluded minds poffefs ; ^ 
 But what ? we know that 'tis a fulph ry 
 place. 
 
 Take alfo (if you think them worth your 
 reading) two ancient Infcripcions lately dug- 
 up near the high-way below the city in WaUcot- 
 field i and remov’d by Rohert Chambers a great 
 admirer of Antiquities, into his gardens i where 
 I tranfcrib’d them. 
 
 Between the weft and fouth gates, O^hiucus 
 enfolded by a ferpent : two men’s heads with 
 curl’d locks, within the copings of the walls : 
 a hare running, and joyn’d to this, in a great 
 ftone, in letters a-crofs. 
 
 CMVRRiyS- 
 
 Adjutricis, 
 pi;s, felicU. 
 
 Hie Gtus 
 eft. 
 
 
 raSMANIBVS 
 NrvATIRIVSM 
 RFL'O'INXSCEQ 
 MIXSLEGXXAN 
 XX/STIPEWa 
 H S E 
 
 ■fVid. Muf- 
 grav. Belg. 
 Brit. p. 70, 
 212. 
 
 I faw likewife thePe t Antiquities fatten’d on 
 the inner fide of the wall, between the north 
 and well gates ; Hercules holding up his left 
 hand, with his Club in the right : In a broken 
 piece of ttone, is this writing in large and beau- 
 tiful letters. 
 
 Decurioni. 
 Glevi. i. c. 
 GJoceftgr. 
 
 
 Next, leaves folded in, Hercules bending two 
 fnakes ; and in a fepulchral table between two 
 little images, one whereof holds an yimahbaan 
 horn, there is written in a worfe charafter, 
 and fcarce legible. 
 
 Menfes. 
 
 Dies. 
 
 Filix Ka- 
 riflimx fecc- 
 runt. 
 
 swcpriuo? 
 
 AMIIMIfflD^a)0 
 MViySavlOSAEm 
 IriL KAR FFO. 
 
 ILIA 
 
 LIA 
 
 
 LIIVSSA 
 
 svxso 
 
 /■ 
 
 And Medufa’s head with her fmiy hairs.' 
 
 T U L I U S V I T A- 
 LIS. FABRICIES 
 IS. LEG. XX. V. V. 
 STIPENDIOR 
 IX. A tW R U M. XXIX 
 NATIONE BEL- 
 GA. EX COLECjO 
 FABRIC E. ELATU 
 S. H. S. E. 
 
 92 
 
 A naked man as it were laying hands upon 
 a foldier ^ alfo, between the battlements of the 
 walls, leaves, two lying killing and embracing 
 each other j a footman brandilhing his fword, 
 and holding forth his Ihield ; another footman 
 with a fpear i and thefe letters a-crofs on a great 
 ftone. 
 
 fTo thefe, we will add another Monument, 
 which was tound, a mile from this place in the 
 year 1708, in repairing the Foffc-way. 
 
 To be read thus : Julius Vitalis^ Fabricienjis Le- 
 gionis Vicefima Valeriana ViHricisy Stifeniiorum no- 
 vem, Annorum •viginti no'ueWy Natione Belga, ex 
 Collegio Fabricien/ium elatusy hie /itus efi. UponpodneUi 
 which Infcripcion, fome Critical Notes and Ex- Not. Cn 
 
 ^ A .. _ ;viufgrar< 
 
 plications, together with a Commentary, were 
 
 publiihed, not many years fince. As alio upon pjjDoCji 
 the fragment of an E<jue(lrian StatuCy with a 
 fia in the right hand, and a Parma in the 1711- 
 left ; which was found near this City, and is to 
 be feen there j and which the Learned Anno-]^ufgrivi 
 tacor is willing to determin to Geray as wellcfw^ 
 
 from a fimilitude that he hathobferv’d between 
 
 Philor.T' 
 
 
 the face of this Statue and the Coins of Geta jP- 
 as from the particular fondnefs which that Em- 
 peror is known to have had for Herfes, 
 
 The foil, for fome miles about Baihty efpecial* 
 ly to the weftward, as at Co/^on and thereabouts, Couor- 
 is fo very ftony, that when it is newly plough d, 
 one would rather take the ridges for fo many 
 pitch’d Caufeys to walk on, than for a plough’d 
 land to fow corn in i fo little of earth is to be 
 
 feen 
 
93 
 
 SOMERSETSHIRE. 
 
 H 
 
 feen among thofe ftones which the plough- 
 fliare turns up. Yet here, they have excellent 
 wheat ; tho’j perhaps, not altogether To much 
 as in deeper land. The Countrymen attribute 
 (heir good crops, moftly, to the ftones ; and if 
 rhofi were carry ’d off, the earth left upon the 
 hard rock would be fo little, that it would not 
 cover their corn ; and fo light, that the wind; 
 would blow it away. 
 
 Between Bath and Brifiol^ a little river runs 
 tanton* the * upon which is Stanton-drew, 
 
 i)?e"v. the latter part whereof might feem to point 
 »Aubr. MS. out fome relation to the old Druids (but that 
 preu; is the name of an ancient family in the 
 weftern parts j ) and the monument there, call’d 
 the Wedding, would ftrengthen fuch a conje- 
 dure. The occalion of the name Wedding^ is a 
 tradition which paftes among the common peo- 
 ple, Ehat a. Bride wat going to be married, Jhe and 
 the reji of the company were chang'd into tbefe fonts. 
 They are in a circular form, y or 6 foot high j 
 and the whole monument is bigger chan Stone- 
 henge, the Diameter here being 90 paces j tho’ 
 no appearance of a ditch. On the top of a 
 hill between Bath and Cain^iam, is a great Camp 
 focton bury. called Stanton-bury ; the works whereof are large 
 and double, and they are eftimated at about 
 thirty Acres .1 
 
 Upon the river Avon (which is the bound 
 here between this County and Glocefterfhire,) 
 jCainllism. and on the weftern bank of ir, is afore- 
 
 I faid, fo nam’d from Keina a devout BriiiCh Vir 
 
 I gin, ffrom whom the Keines of this County have 
 
 ' thought themfelvesdefcendediandl whommany 
 
 Irhelaft.C.of thejl laftage faveone, through an over-cre- 
 ferpents of dulous temper, believ’d to have chang’d ferpencs 
 into ftones, becaufe they found in the quarries 
 thereabouts, fome fuch little fporting miracles 
 of Nature. And 1 have feen a ftone brought 
 from thence, like a ferpent, in a round, the 
 head whereof, tho’ but imperfed, jetted out fas 
 it feemedl in the circumference, and the end 
 of the tail was in the center ; but moft of them 
 want the head. fAnd indeed all our Natura- 
 lifts now agree, that fuch ftones are form’d in 
 Nautili (hells, and that there are no heads be^ 
 longing to them. Indeed, many of them have 
 rough and broken pieces of ftone iffuing from 
 them beyond the moulded wreath at the broad 
 end \ which may lead one to imagine, chat 
 thofe pieces were imperfed heads ; but really 
 j they are not fo. Such kind of fnake-ftones of 
 
 I all fizes, from above a foot to an inch or two 
 
 I diameter, are found frequently in their quar- 
 
 j ries.l In the neighbouring fields, and other 
 
 jPercepier. places hereabouts, the herb Percepier grows na 
 *l5 peculiar turally all the year round. It b a plant * which 
 to England, Bath been fuppofed peculiar to England; fbut 
 
 Jones. 
 
 as an exad mould or cafe, receives the protu- 
 berant figure of the like leaf ftanding out on 
 the other ride-l 
 
 Scarce five miles from hence, the vWtv Avon 
 parts Brifol in the middle, call’d by the Britains Briftol. 
 
 Caer Oder Nant Badon, i. e. the City Odera in 
 Badon-yalley. In the Catalogue of Anci- 
 ent Cities it is nam’d Caer Brito, and in Saxon 
 Bpigbcpcop, i. e. a famous place. But they 
 who have *^affirm d it to be the Renta Belgarum, * Leland. 
 have impos’d both upon themfelves and 
 world. This Cicy is plac’d partly in 5 <?wcr/er- 
 fsire and partly in Gloceferjhire, but does not be- 
 long to either, having diftind Magiftraces of 
 it’s own, and being a county incorporate by it feif. It 
 (lands upon a pretty high ground, between the 
 and the little river Frowe J and what with 
 walls and rivers, is guarded very well : foric 
 was formerly enclos’d with a double wall. It 
 makes fuch a beautiful ^ow,hoth ofpublickand 
 private buildings, chat it anfwers it’s name; 
 and there arc what they call Goutes (in Latin 
 Cloaca) built in the fubcerraneous caverns of the 
 earth, to carry off and wafii away the filth ; fo 
 chat nothing is wanting here, either for neac- 
 nefs or health. But by reafon of thefe. Carts 
 are not us’d here, but only Sledges, {which do not 
 endanger the arches of the Goutes.l It is alfo fo 
 well furnifli’d with the neceffaries of life, and 
 is fo populous, that next to London and York, 
 it may juftly claim the pre-eminence over all 
 the cities in Britain. For the trade of many 
 nations is drawn hither by the convenience of 
 Commerce, and of the harbour, which receives 
 veffels under fail into the very heart of the city. 
 
 And the Avon fweils fo high by the coming-in 
 of the tide, that (hips upon the (hallows are 
 born up 1 1 or 12 fathoms. The citizens drive 
 a rich trade throughout Europe, and make voy- 
 ages to the remoteft parts of America. At what 
 lime, and by whom, it was built, is hard to 
 fay : but it feems to be of a late date, fince in 
 all the Danifli Wars, it is not fo much as men- 
 tion’d in our Hiftories. For my part, I am of 
 opinion it rofe in the declenfion of the Saxon 
 government, fince it is nor any where taken 
 notice of before the year of our Lord loS^, 
 when Harold (as Florence of W’orcefterhas it) 
 fee fail from Brytfow to invade Wales. In the 
 beginning of the Norman times, Berton an 
 joyning t farm, and this Brifow, paid to the King + Prsdium, 
 (as it is in Domefday-bookj no marks of fiver', 
 and the Burgejfes return’d, that Bifhop G. bad ^ ^ 
 marks, and 1 mark of gold. fWho chiS BlftlOp 
 was, is not exprefs’d in Domefday, nor have 
 we any more than the bare initials, either of his 
 name or See. If we durft fay chat G. were in- 
 (lead of S. (for thofe two letters are not unlike) 
 
 Hiil Plant fame is often met with |5i6er/’i3r» or Salisbury (under whofe jurifdidion it 
 
 I4. C.14. foreign Countries : 1 one taftes in it a fort of feems to have formerly been) would folve the 
 tartnefs and bitcernefs ; it is never higher than 
 a fpan, and grows in bulhy flqwers without a 
 ftalk. It provokes urine ftrongly and quickly; 
 and there is a water diftill’d from it, of great 
 ufe 5 as V.Tesna in his Mifcsllantes upon Plants 
 has obferv’d. fBeeween this place and Bri- 
 BriHletor, fol, upon the Avon, is Brifiletcn, abounding in 
 the fame fort of Cole that is brought from 
 New-caftle. From Brifleton in feveral places of 
 the adjacent Country, as far as Stratton and Men- 
 dippe-kilis, as alfo Northward in G/ocf/?erjlj<Ve, are 
 found veins of this cole, which afford a ftrong 
 and cheap firing to all thofe parts. Thefe veins 
 are cover’d with a (hell of a black hard ftony 
 fubftance, call’d Wark, which will fplit like 
 blue (late, but is much more brittle, and not 
 near fo hard. Upon dividing this Wark, there 
 is often found, upon one of the leparaced lur- 
 faces, the perfed (hape of a fearn-leaf, as if it 
 had, by a skilful hand, been engraven ; which. 
 
 Wark. 
 
 difficulty ; but if that will not do, I find none 
 of the BKhop’s names about that time begin- 
 ning with G. If we preferve the reading, Gk- 
 vum or Glocefer offers it felf faired ; which tho’ 
 annex’d at times to Litchfeld, and Worcefier, feems, 
 notwithrtanding, to have had the title of a Bi- 
 Ihop’s See.l But this by the way. Afterwards; 
 llGeofffy Bilhop of Conftance, raifinga Rebel- 
 lion againft William Rufus, chofe this for thewilUam of 
 feat of war, and forcify’d the little city with Wircefier. 
 that inner wall (I fuppofe,) part of which re- 
 mains to this day. But a few years after, the 
 Suburbs began to enlarge on every fide ; foron 
 the fouth, Radclijf (where were fome little hou- RadclifFb 
 fes belonging to the fuburbs) is joyn’d to the 
 reft of the city by a ftone-bridge, which is fo 
 tbick-fec with houfesj that you would not think it 
 2 bridge, but a ftreet. This part is included with- 
 in the walls, and the inhabitants have the pri- 
 vileges of citizens. There are hofpitals built 
 
 in 
 
£ E L GJE. 
 
 _£5 
 
 in all pares for the poor, and elegant Churches 
 to the honour of God. Among the reft, the 
 moft beautiful by far is 5 . Mary’s ofRadcliffe with- 
 out the walls, into which is a noble afeent by a 
 great many fteps. So large is it, and thework- 
 manfiiip fo exquifite i the roof fo artificially 
 vaulted with ftone, and the tower fo high j that 
 in my opinion it far furpaftes all the Parifti- 
 Churches in England, that 1 have yet feen. In 
 it, the founder William Canninges has two hono- 
 rary monuments ; one in the habit of a Magi- 
 ftrate, for he was five times Mayor of this City \ 
 the other in the habit of a Clergy-man, for in 
 his latter days he took Orders, and was Dean of 
 Wefibur/. the College which himfelf founded at Weftbury. 
 
 Hard by it is alfo another Church call’d Temple^ 
 the tower whereof as often as the bell rings, 
 moves to and again, fo as to be quite parted 
 from the reft of the building ; and there is fuch 
 a chink from top to bottom, that the gaping is 
 three fingers wide when the bell rings, grow- 
 ing firft narrower and then again broader. Nor 
 muft we omit S. Stephen s Church ; the ftatcly 
 * So faid, cower whereof was in the memory of * our 
 ann. 1607. 5y one ShipTi^arJ, a citizen 
 
 and merchant, with great charge and curious 
 workmanftiip. On the eaft and north parts alfo, 
 it vyas enlarg’d with very many buildings, and 
 thofe included within the walls, being likewife 
 defended by the river Frome j which, after it 
 has pafs’d by thefe walls, runs calmly into the 
 y^vort, making a fafe harbour for fhips, and a 
 creek convenient to load and unload wares j 
 The MarJb.^i^ich they call the Kay, Below this, between 
 the confluence of Avon and Frame, is a cham- 
 pain ground, which is fet round with trees, 
 and affords the Citizens a pleal'anc walk. Upon 
 the fouth-eaft, where the rivers do not encom- 
 pafs it, Robert, natural Ton to King Henry i. 
 (commonly call’d Robert Rufus Conful of Glo- 
 cefter, becaufe he was Earl of Glocefter) 
 built a large and ftrong Caftle for the de- 
 fence of his city ; fCwhich is now quite ds- 
 molifiied and built into a ftreeti)T and out of a 
 pious principle, fet afide every tenth ftone for 
 the building of a Chapel near the Priory of S. 
 ’James, which he had alfo ereded juft under the 
 City. He cook to wife Mabil, daughter and 
 foie heir of Robert Fitz-Hamon, who held this 
 city in fealty of William the Conqueror. This 
 caftle, being yet fcarce finifh’d, was befieg’d 
 by King Stephen i but he was forc’d to draw- 
 off his forces without effe<ftingany thing j and 
 the fame perfon, not many years after, being 
 a prifoner therein, was a fair inftance how un- 
 certain the Events of War are. Beyond the ri- 
 ver Frome, over which at Frome-gate is a bridge, 
 one goes obliquely up a high hill of a fteep and 
 difficult afeent, from whence there is a plea- 
 fant profpect of the City, and of the haven 
 below it. This, on the top, fpreads into a large 
 and green plain, fliaded all along the middle 
 with a double row of trees among which is a 
 pulpit of ftone, and a Chapel, wherein they 
 lay, that Jordan, Companion to St. Auftin the 
 Englifli Apoftle, was bury’d ; but it is now a 
 free-fchool. This place, not to mention the 
 private houfes, is beautify’d on all fides with 
 publick and ftately buildings : On one fide with 
 Gaur.ts. a Collegiate Church call’d Gaunts, from its foun- 
 der Sir Henry Gaunt Knight, who quitting the 
 world, did here dedicate himfelf to the fervice 
 { But now— of God ; t but by the munificence of T. Carre, a 
 it if, C. wealthy citizen,it was converted into a Hofpital 
 for Orphans. On the other fide over-againlt it, 
 are two Churches dedicated to Sc. Auftin ; the 
 one but fmall and a Parifti-Church ; the other 
 larger, and the Bifliop’s Cathedral, adorn’d by 
 King Henry 8. with fix Prebendaries. Now, 
 the greaceft part of it is pull’d down, and the 
 
 96 
 
 College-gate, which indeed is curioufly built, 
 has this Infcription, 
 
 REX HENRieVS II. ET DOMIN VS 
 ROBERTVS FILIVS HARDlNGl FILII 
 REGIS DACIAE, HViVS MONASTE- 
 Rll PRIMI FVNDATORES EXTITE- 
 RVNT. 
 
 That is,' 
 
 King Henry 2. and Lord Robert, the fon ofHar- 
 ding, fon to the King of Denmark, ■were the firjt 
 founders of this Monaftery, 
 
 This Robert, Harding’s fon, of the blood- 
 royal of Denmark, was a Principal man in Bri- 
 ftol,andfo much belov’d by King Henry, that 
 fby his favour) Maurice his fon marry’d the 
 daughter of the Lord de Barkley: from whence, « 
 his poftericy, who have flourifh’d in great ftate,Ba*S 
 are to this day ftil’d * Barons of Barkley, fome*Earli!' 
 whereof were bury’d in this Church. fThe R^g'H'ro; 
 honour of this place hath been encreas’d, 
 giving the title of Earl to John Lord Digby of 
 Shirburn, created 20 Jac. i. to whom fucceeded 
 in the fame honour George his fon, and John his 
 grandfon, who died without Iffue ; and the fame 
 title hath been conferr’d upon the Right Ho- 
 nourable John Harvey, who had before been 
 created Baron Harvey of Ickworth.l 
 
 Where the Avon paffes from hence, are high 
 rocks on both fides the river, as if Nature had 
 induftrioufly contriv’d them. One of thefe, 
 which hangs over the river on the eaft-fide, is 
 call’d S, Vincent’s, and is fo ftock’d with Cia- Britiili Di 
 monds, that one may gather whole bufliels of monds. 
 them. Nothing but the great plenty leffens 
 their value among us : for befides chat in cran- 
 fparency they even vie with thofe from the In- 
 dies, they do not yield to them in any ocher 
 refpedl, fave hardnefs : but their being fmooth’d 
 and fil’d by nature into fix or four corners, does, 
 in my mind, render them more admirable ; 
 rhowever,if we may truft our Naturaliftsjthey 
 affure us, that very often Cryfals, and Berilli, 
 and even fometimes the common Sparrs,\n many_ 
 parts of England as well as elfewhere, are of 
 chat figure . 1 The other rock on the weftern 
 bank is likewife full of Diamonds, which by a 
 wonderful contrivance of nature are contain’d 
 in hollow reddifh flints (for the ground here is 
 red,) as if thefe were big with young. The 
 Avon, after it has pafs’d by thefe rocks, isatlaft 
 with a full chanel difeharg’d into the Severn- 
 Sea^ ffurnilhing Brijiol (at the vernal equinox 
 or ihen-abouts) with a difii perhaps not to be 
 met with but in this County j which they call 
 Elvers. Some time in the fpring, the river a-Elwrs. 
 bout Cainjham is yearly cover’d over and colour’d 
 black with millions of little Eels fcarce fo big 
 as a goofe-quili, tho’ fome would have them a 
 particular fpecies. Thefe, with fmall nets, they 
 skim up in great numbers, and by a peculiar 
 way of ordering them, make them fcowre off 
 their skins. Being thus ftripp’d, and looking 
 very white, they make them up into little Cakes, 
 which they fry, and fo eat them.l - . 
 
 It remains now, that I give a Catalogue 
 the Earls and Dukes of this County of 
 The firft Earl of Somerfet is faid to have been 
 William de Mohun or Moion, the fame probably 
 that * Maud the Emprefs in her Charter (where- 
 by ftie created William de Mandevil Earl of Ef-Hiit.Mir 
 fexj makes ufe of as a witnefs, under the name 
 of Comes W. de Moion, i. e. Earl W. de Moion. 
 
 From this time we meet with no diftindl men- 
 tion of the Earls of Somerfet, unlefs it be in this 
 Refeript of King Henry to Feter de patents » 
 
 which i will let down, in order to invite others 1 Hen-J- 
 
 to 
 

 SOMERSETSHIRE. 
 
 to fpend their . judgment upon it. Know p, that j mi Jarfty, &c.) was, as if he had been fortune’s 
 have receiv’d the homage of odr beloved Uncle ^ ‘^oot-ballj all on a fudden kick’d down^ for a very 
 
 Earl of Sarlim^ for all the lands which he 
 boUi of us, efpecially for the County of Somerfet, which 
 we have given to him with all the Afpartenances,for 
 homage and fervice, referving fill to our f elves the 
 Royalty : and therefore we comma'nd you, that you 
 grant him full feifin of the faid County with all it’s 
 jMurtenances, and for the future not to intermeddle 
 with any thing belonging to the fai'd County, &C. 
 ^ndwe charge all our Earls, Barons, Knights, and , 
 Tree-tenants of the County of Somerfet, that they do 
 Fealty and Homage to the faid Earl, with a referve 
 
 flight crimCj and that too contriv’d by the trea 
 chery of his enemies ^ and depriv’d of his ho- 
 nours and life together. [By the attainder of 
 Edward Duke of Somerfet, this title lay yacant 
 for a long time j only Sir Robert Carr, Knight 
 of the Bach, was by the favour of King James i. 
 created Earl of Somerfet j who falling under 
 difgrace upon the account of Sir Thomas Over- 
 bury\ death, and having only a daughter, that 
 Honour was again extindf. Upon the refto- 
 
 ration of King Charles 2, Mar- 
 
 only of fidelity to the King j and that for the future quefs of Hertford, was for his eminent fervices 
 they he obedient and anfwerable to him m their Lord, reftor’d to the title of Duke of Somerfet, and 
 Whether one may from hence conclude, that was fucceeded by grand-child by He«r^ 
 
 he was Earl of Somerfet, as alfo of Devonlhire his third fon (JVilUam and Robert the two elder 
 (for the King wrote in the fame words to Ro- brothers dying unmarry’d : ) William alfo dy’d 
 bert Courtney alfo concerning this William,) 1 leave unmarry’d, and had for his luccelTor John Lord 
 to the judgment of others. Under^the fame Seymour his Uncle, who dy’d without iffue. 
 
 Henry (as we read in a Book in French be- 
 longing to the family of the Mohuns Knights) it 
 is faid that Pope Innocent on a folemn feftival 
 made Reginald Mobun, Earl of EHe, i. e. fas our 
 Author interprets it) of Somerfet^ by the dcU- 
 vety of a golden Rofe, with the grant of an 
 annual penfion to be paid at the altar of S. Taul’s 
 in London. So that he feems not to have been 
 in Apoftoli- ftrialy and properly an £<*r/, but an Afofiolical 
 a! Earl. Rarl for fo fuch Were term’d in that age, who 
 were created by the Pope (as thofe created by 
 the Emperor, were call’d Imperial Earls,) ha- 
 ving a power of licenfing Notaries and Scribes, 
 making Baftards legitimate, &c. under fome 
 certain conditions. A confiderable time after. 
 Ifc the Earls JoiB de Beaufort, natural fon to John of Gaunt 
 jl Dorfec. Duke of Lancarter by Catharine Swinford,(fcst\n^, 
 with his brothers and fifter, made legitimate by 
 King Richard 2, with the alfenc of Parliament,) 
 Was advanc’d to the honour of Earl of Somerfet, 
 and afterwards created Marquefs of Dorfetj 
 but was prcfently depriv’d of that honour by 
 Henry 4, and had only the title of Somerfet re- 
 maining. He had three fons, Henry Earl of So- 
 merfer, who dy’d young ; John, created by 
 King Henry y, firft Duke of Somerfet, who 
 
 Whereupon, this title devolv’d upon the heirs 
 of Sir Francis Seymour ( third fon to Edward 
 Lord Beauchamp, fon and heir to Edward Earl 
 of Hertford j ) delcending firft to Francis, grand- 
 fon of the faid Francis ; who being bafely mur- 
 dered in Italy, the title defeended to Charles his 
 brother, the prefenc Duke of Somerfet.1 
 
 There are in this County g 8 f Tarijhet, 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Somcr- 
 fetfhire. 
 
 Aria Theophrafti Ger. Alni effigie lanato fo- 
 lio major C. B, Sorbus Alpina J. B. Sorbus fyl- 
 veftris. Aria Theophrafti di£ta. Bark, Wbit^ 
 Beam-tree, On the rocks over-againjb St. Vincent’s 
 rock near Brifiol, and in many other places on billy 
 and rocky grounds among other Jhrubs andtre.es, 
 Afplenium five Ceterach J. B. Ger. Park. Af- 
 plenium five fcolopendra, Ceterach Officina- 
 rum C.B. Ceterach^ Spleenwort, Miltwafr, On the 
 fiohe walls about Brifiol, plentifully. 
 
 Carduus toraencofus Anglicus Lob. Ad. Bark, 
 had an only daughter mother to King F.nglifa woody-headed Thifile. Obfervd by Lohelin 
 
 Henry 7 j and Edmund, who fuceeeded his bro- many barren fields of this County, particularly near one 
 ther in the Dukedom, and was for fome time Mr. Saintloo’s boiife. This plant is without doubt the 
 Regent of France. But being recall’d, he was fiame with Carduus romentofus. Corona fratrum 
 accus’d of having loft Normandy, on which didfus of Barkinfon, Carduus capite comentofb 
 account he fuffer’d many indignities from the 5. eriocephalus Ger. emac, capite rotundo 
 people-, and in that lamentable war between tomentofo C. B. Andfo C. Baubine and Barkinfon 
 the houfes of Lancafter and York,, he was deceived by Label, who in bis Icons gives two figures 
 flaininthe firft battle of S. Albans,. Henry his of the fame Thifile, make two fpecies of one. This is 
 fon fuceeeded him, who being a Time-lerver fiound in feveral other Counties of England, but not 
 (one while Tiding with the houfe of Tork, and .yery frequent. 
 another with the houfe of Lancafier) was by the 
 York-party taken prifoner in the battle of Hex- 
 am, and was punifti’d for his Inconftancy with 
 the lofs of his head. And his brother Edmund 
 
 who fuceeeded him in this honour, the ialt 
 Duke of Somerfet of this family, after the defeat 
 of the Lancaftrian party at Tewksbury, was 
 dragg’d (being all over blood) out of the Church 
 wherein he had taken Sandluary3 and behead- 
 ed. The legitimate heirs male of this family 
 being thus extindf, firft Henry 7. honour’d Ed- 
 mund his young fon with this tide, who foon 
 after dy’d : and next, Henry 8. bis natural fon 
 Henry FiiZj-Roy. He dying without ilTue, Ed- 
 ward 6. invefted Edward de Sanito Mauro, com- 
 monly call’d Seimor, with the fame; who being 
 full of Honours, and as it were loaded with 
 Titles (for he was Duke of Somerfet, Earl of Hert- 
 ford, Vifeount Beauchamp, Baron of S. Maur, Uncle 
 To the King, Governour to the King, BreteBor of his 
 Kingdoms, Dominions, and SubjeBs, Lieutenant of 
 his forces by fea and land, Treafurer and Earl Mar- 
 pal of England, Governour of she ijlands of Guernfey 
 
 Ciftus humilis Aipinusdurior, Polii noftratis 
 folio candicante Blukenet. Bhytograpb. Tab. 22, 
 Dwarf Cifius or Sunflower with Boley-mountqin leaves. 
 Found by Dr. Blukenet on Brent-downs in this County, 
 near the Severn-fea. 
 
 Colchicum commune C. B. Anglicum purpu- 
 reum Bark. Ger. Colchicum J. B. Meadow-Saf- 
 fron. In fome meadows about Bath, It is alfo found 
 in rtiany meadows in. GUcefier and Worcefier Jhires^ 
 and tlfewbere in the Wefi of England. 
 
 Equifetum five Hippuris lacuftris foHis manfu 
 arenofis. On a bog by Smocball a wood nigh Bath, 
 Phyc. Brir. See the Sjmnyma in the Kentifh Cata- 
 logue. 
 
 Ferrum equinum Germanicum filiquis in fum- 
 mitate C. B. Ger. emac. equinum comofum Bark. 
 Ornkhopodio affinis, vel potius Solea auc Ferro 
 equino herba, J. B, Tufted Horfepoe-vetch. On 
 the hills about Bath, and between Bath and Marie- 
 borough. Phyr. Brit. 
 
 Hederacerreftris faxatilis LobelH Bark. p. 677. 
 Saxacilis Ger. emac. faxat. magno flare C. B. A- 
 farina auc Hederula laxatilis Lob. item Afarina 
 N fterilis 
 
B E L G AL. 
 
 If 
 
 99 
 
 fterilis Savens & Narbonenfis agri ejufdetn. Stone 
 Alebovf. In fome 'places of Sofnerfetllnrej as Varkin- 
 fon faitbj he found it quoted among Label's papers 
 ivbicb came to bis bands. 1 do not much rely upon 
 Label's memory as to the places of plants^ and fear there 
 will be no fach herb found in this Country ; yet for 
 the authority of fo great a Botanifj I would not omit 
 it. 
 
 Lunaria minor Ger. Park, bocrytis j^- B. race- 
 mofa minor vel vulgaris C, B. Moonwort. About the 
 Bath, efpecially at a place call'd Carey^ two miles 
 from Bruitony in the next-clofeto the Church-yard. 
 Ger. p. 406. Scarce a County in England but this 
 plant may fomewhere or other be found in it ; yet be- 
 caufe it is not commony and the knowledge of it defi- 
 red by manjy I thought fit to mention a particular place 
 for ity but upon Gerard's authority, not my own know- 
 ledge. 
 
 Ornichogalum anguftifolium majus, floribus 
 ex albo virefcentibus C. B. Afphodelus bulbofus 
 Ger. bulbofus Galenij feu Ornithog. majus flore 
 fubvirefcente Park. Afphodelus bulbofus Dodo- 
 n^i, feu Ornithogalum fpicatum flore virente 
 
 B. Spiked Star of Bethlehem with a greenijh flower. 
 Obferwd by Thomas Willifel on' a bill three miles on 
 this fide Brifiol in the way to Bath. It may be the 
 fame place mention'd with that in Phyt. Brit. 'vix,. in 
 the way between Bath and Bradford, not far from 
 little Afiilty. 
 
 Polygonum maritimum longius radicatum no- 
 ftras, Serpylli folio circinato craifo mtenccj 
 forte Polygonum lentifolium C.B. 282. SzProd. 
 1 ; I. Polygonum minus Monfpeiienfe Patife. 446. 
 Found by Dr. Plukenet on the Severn-Jhore near Wefion 
 fuper mare. 
 
 Polygonatum Hellebori albi foliOj caule pur- 
 purafcente D. Bobert. Solomon s feal with white 
 Hellebore-leaves and a purplifh fialk. In the woods on 
 the north-fide of Mendippe-hills. 
 
 Rapunculus Corniculacus moncanus Ger. flore 
 globofo purpureo J. B. folio oblongo, fpica or- 
 bicular! C. B. Alopecuroides orbiculacus Park. 
 Horned Rampions. Between Selbury-hill and Beacon- 
 bill in the way to Bath. Phyt. Brie. Upon the credit of 
 which book 1 do not at all rely : only becaufe the place 
 makes it probable, I have put it down. 
 
 Scorodoprafl'um primum Clufii Ger. emac. Al- 
 lium Sphrericco capUe, folio latiore, five Scoro- 
 dopraffum alrerum C.B. Great round-headed Gar- 
 lick of the Holms Jfiand. Found growing plentifully 
 there by Mr. Newton. 
 
 Vermicularis frurex minor Ger. fruticofa al- 
 tera Prfr>&. Sedum minusfruticofumC.fi. An 
 Cali fpecies feu vermicularis marina arborefeens 
 y. B. Shrub-fione-crop or Glafi-wort. Found on the 
 Holms IJland in the Severn-fea by Label plenti- 
 fully. 
 
 Vicia fylvatica multiflora maxima V.B. pe- 
 rennis mukiflora fpicaca major Morif.bifi. Great- 
 tufted wood-vetch. In a wood nigh Bath. Phyt. 
 Brir. This is alfo found in many places in the North 
 and Weft parts of England. 
 
 Virga aurea maxima radice repente D. Bobert, 
 aurea ferraca larifolia C. fi. aurea ferratis foliis 
 Park, aurea Arnoldi Villa-novani Ger. ewac. au- 
 rea five folidago Saracenica lacifolia ferrata y. B. 
 Broad-leaved indented Golden-rod. Found plentifully 
 by the fide of a fmall river between Wells and Gla- 
 jtenbury, by Mr. Bobert. 
 
 WILT. 
 
 *Vi(3. Somer- 1 L TS HIRE, ( *" which was 
 
 fetflure, zn likewife inhabited by the Bel- 
 
 is a mid-land County ; 
 
 "unj-cype (as the Inhabitants 
 were, called filpsetaj- and fil- 
 yxze,y\ and by the modern Latin Hiftorians 
 Wiltonia, from it’s once chief Town Wilton, 
 which alfo took it’s name from the river Willy : 
 fWe find it alfo called by Latin-Writers, Pro- 
 vincia Semerana and Sevtrnia, or Provincia Seve- 
 rorum.l It is bounded on the Weft with 5 «j- 
 merfetpiire fand Glocefierfinre ; 1 on the Eaft with 
 the Counties of Berks and Southampton ; on the 
 North with Glocefierjhire, on the South with 
 Dorfet(hire and part of Hamfiiire. A Country^ 
 renown’d not only for the valour of it’s Natives, 
 who (as Joannes Sarisburienfis Tone of the beft 
 Scholars of his age, and Bifhop of Chartres in 
 Lib. 6, c. i8. France, 1 tells us in his Polycraticon ) together 
 with thofe of Cornwall and Devonjhire, did on ac- 
 count of their bravery, challenge the honour 
 of being the Referve in our Englifh Expediti- 
 ons ; but alfo for the extraordinary fertility of 
 the foil in all kinds, and for it’s delightful va- 
 riety, which affords a very pleafant profpeft. 
 fThis is the largefl mid-land County in England, 
 li Appendix as may be eafily obferved by the || ancient com. 
 to the ad putation of it’s Hides. For we find that in Wilty- 
 the^re(as it is there term’d) were 4800 hides, which 
 iSans more by 2000, than any Shire mention’d 
 by chat Author. The miles in length, and 
 29 in breadth, which Spede afligns ir, will be 
 found too little both ways, upon an accurate 
 furvey.l 
 
 The Northern part, once over-fpread v;ith 
 woods, which are now almoft deftroy’d j is full 
 of pleafant rifings, and water’d with clear 
 
 i H I R E. 
 
 ftreams. For Ifis, which is * called and* Aftem 
 
 is the chief of the Britifii Rivers, (with ochers^^l®*^* ^ 
 of lefs note, of which I (hall make mention in 
 their proper places,) while it is yet but fmall, 
 glides thro’ iL fBur, upon this firft mention 
 of the river Thames, it will not be improper to 
 obferve, that cho’ the current opinion is, that it 
 had that name from the conjundlion of Thamejhmlis, 
 and Ifis, it plainly appears that that river wasfrom ao 
 always call’d Thames, or Terns, before it 
 near the Thame. For inftance •, in an ancient 
 Charter granted to Abbot Aldbelm, there k par- 
 ticular mention made of certain lands upon the 
 eaft part of the river, cujus vocabulum Temis, 
 juxta vadum qui appellatur Summerford ; and this 
 ford is in Wiltlhire. The fame thing appears 
 from feveral ocher Charters granted to the Ab- 
 by of Malmsbury, as well as that of Enefium 
 and from the old Deeds relating to Crkklade. 
 
 And perhaps, it may with fafety be affirm’d, 
 that, in any Charter or authentick Fliftory, ic 
 does net ever occur under the name of Ifis j 
 which indeed is n®c fo much as heard of, but 
 among fcholars : the common people, all along 
 from the, head of it to Oxford, calling it by 
 no ocher name, but that of Thames. So alfo, the 
 the Saxon Temepe (from whence our Ttms im- 
 mediately comes) is a plain evidence, that that 
 people never dreamt of any fuch conjunefion. 
 
 But further ; all our Hiftorians who mention 
 the Incurfions of /Erhelwold into Wikfliire, 
 
 A. D. 90?. or of Canute, A.D. 1016. tell us, 
 that they paft’d-over the Thames at Cricklade. 
 
 As for the original of the word ; it feems plain- 
 ly to be Britifli, becaufe there are feveral rivers, 
 in feveral parts of England, of almoft the fame 
 name with it j as Tame in Scaffordfhire, Ttmein 
 Herefordfiiire, Tamar in Cornwall, And 
 
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WILTSHIRE. 
 
 01 
 
 d.a learned t perfon of thac Narion^ affirms ic 
 to be the fame with their 7 '^/^ which is the 
 name of many rivers in Wales j the Romans 
 
 changing the pronunciation of the Britifii (f) 
 
 into (m,) as the Latin word Demeiiaj is in Welih 
 Dyfed^ But this by the way. 
 f The fouth parr, being a large chainpain 
 
 fruitful Country^ feeds innumerable flocks of 
 llieepj and is watered with other Rivers^ Land- 
 floods, and running Springs. The middle of 
 this {hire is for the moft part plain and level j 
 a-crofs which, from Eaft to Weft, a wonderful 
 ditch is thrown up for many miles together : it 
 •r’liirdike. js called by the neighbouring Inhabitants 
 
 Mkej and they have a groundlefs tradition, that 
 . it was made % the Devil on a Wednefday. The 
 
 ' Saxons indeed term’d it Wo6ene}-6ic, that is, 
 
 Woden s or Mercury's ditch, probably from Woden 
 \ the falfe God and Father of the Heathen Saxons. 
 
 I have always thought, thatit was caft up by the 
 t Saxons for a Boundary between the Dominions 
 j, of the We/dSaxons and the Mercians \ for this 
 
 Country was the feat of war, during the con- 
 tentions between thefe two Kingdoms for the 
 enlarging of their Territories. fBut others are 
 of opinion, that it was made long before the 
 fettlemenc of the Mercian Kingdom, 'viz^. by 
 Ctrdic the firft King of the Weff-Saxons, or by 
 Kenric his fon, againft the incurlions of the Bri- 
 tains, who even in King Ceawlin’s time (as 
 Malmsbury tells us) made frequent inroads into 
 this County from their garrifons at Bath^ Gloce- 
 Wodens- fitr, and Cirencefter.'\ And the village Wodens- 
 burge. fwhich Brorapeon, by miftake, calls 
 
 is near this ditch ^ where Ceavilin the moft 
 valiant King of the Wefi-Saxons^ A. D. J90. en- 
 deavouring to defend the frontiers of his king- 
 dom, was routed in a bloody battle by the Bri 
 Tains and ffome malecontentl Saxons, to chat 
 degree, that he was forced to flie his Country, 
 and, being the pity of his very enemies, dy’d 
 sodborow. miferably in exile. fBut Woodhro-Wj three miles 
 fouth of the Dike, being the only village that 
 has any remains of Wodenshurge in the name, and 
 there being not the leaft fign or tradition of a 
 ^anborow. battle fought there ^ others guefs, that Wanhoro-w^ 
 on the borders of Wilcftiire and Barklhire, is 
 the town mention’d by our Hiftorians. For (fay 
 they) as Wodenfdic pals’d into Wanfdic, fo might 
 Wodenshurgb by the fame reafon be chang’d into 
 Wanhurgh, or Wanborow. And without doubt this 
 has been formerly a town of great note, as ap- 
 pears by the quantities of Roman Coins that 
 have been frequently found at it j and the 
 neighbourhood of a Saxon Camp on Badbury- 
 hill, (hews that the battle muft have been fought 
 hereabouts.! But, that I may omit other Adli- 
 I ons, fit is certain! that Ina the Weft-Saxon, and 
 
 k Ceolred the Mercian, fought here, with equal 
 
 fuccefs. This Ditch is much like that, which 
 iLlmit- offa made m feparace the Britainsftom his Mer- 
 )V-*dike Offa-dike to this day : there are 
 
 * others of the like nature to be feen in the King- 
 dom of the Ball-Angles, whereby they fortified 
 themfelves againft the incurlions of the Merci- 
 ans : (of which I fliall treat more largely in 
 their proper places,) fThe rampire and graft 
 of this, are very large ; and the rampire is on 
 the fouth-fide. And befides this ditch, there are 
 feveral others of left note ftill vifible upon the 
 plains,, efpecially about Stone-benge ', and in the 
 lIMoraft. II Saxon-Charter of lands belonging to Wilton- 
 "S' Abby, mention is made of no left than 1; di- 
 ftintft Dikes that, probably, the Saxons might 
 draw them, to divide the great Lordfliips, or 
 i for fome fuch purpofe,! 
 
 In North Wiltpiire,thQ Thames fbefore It comes 
 to Crecklade, receives from the north a little ri- 
 ver call’d Churn j not far from which, is Pulton, a 
 town that is within the bounds ol Glocefterlhire, 
 
 102 
 
 Churn. 
 
 Pulton, 
 
 yet belongs to and is reckon’d part of VViUfiiire; 
 where was a Priory of the Order of S. Gilbert, 
 munded in the time of Edward i.! Then the 
 Thames runs by the town cnWdCrecklade ;and byCreckUde, 
 others, GrekeUde, irom the Greek Philofophers, 
 as fome creduloufly think ,* by whom, as ic is 
 recorded inthe Hiftory of Oxford, an Univer- 
 lity was here founded, which was afterwards 
 tranflated to Oxford, ff: is call’d Creckanford, 
 
 Cricgelada, &c. and by the Saxon-Annals Cpec- 
 ca5ela6e and Cpxccilabe. And here ( if the 
 Monkiffi Writers could always be rely’d on) we 
 might fafely fettle a Greek fchool, which they 
 in a manner unanimoufly affirm to have been foun- 
 ded, or rather reftored, by that learned Arch- 
 bifhop of Canterbury Theodorus. But chofe 
 over-credulcus Authors feem to have no other 
 grounds befides the bare afftnity of names ^ and 
 CO make that a good argument, * they are * Decern 
 willing to have ic call’d Grey&eWg ^ which makes Scriptores. 
 their opinion the more plaufible. How true theP*^^'^* 
 matter of fact may be, I fliall not undertake to 
 determine; fincefthat point has been already b Vita Regiy 
 manag’d pretty warmly on both fides. Ic ft AIM* 
 certain, however, that Cricklade has formerly 
 been a town of great repute ; for ic appears by 
 the Red Book in the Exchequer, that there once 
 belong d to ic 1 500 Hide-lands,and ic gave name 
 to the Hundred of Cricklade, which is now uni- 
 ted to that of High-ivorth. But if it’s Greek- 
 fchool have nothing to fupport it, befides the 
 fimilicude of names ; ic may with more reafon 
 be deriv’d either from the Bricifh Cerigwldd, i. e. 
 a ftony country (co which the nature of the 
 foil does very well agree;) or from the Saxon 
 cpsccca a brook, and ia6ian to empy ; for here, 
 the Churn and Bey empty themfelves into the 
 Thames. Ic has now a Free-fchool, founded 
 by Robert Jenner, Efq; and jj well endow’d by II 4 ^ 1 . ann. 
 him.! Below KVtii\i\iCt,\sLediardTregoz>e, the Lcdiard Trc- 
 feat of the Knightly Family of St. Johns, which 
 Margaret de Bello Camp or Beauchamp, afterwards 
 Ducchefs of Somerlet, gave to Oliver St. John 
 her fecond fon. To her ic came as heirefs co 
 thofe great names o(PatiJhull,Grandi/cn, Tregoze, 
 
 ^ 2ind Eivias from whence ic is a!fo called in 
 fome Records Lediard Ewias!^ Near this, is 
 Wotton-liajfet, whofe additional name fiiews that Wotton-Baf- 
 ic fometime belong’d to the noble family of chef^t. 
 
 Bajfets. FFrom tlicm ic came to Hugh Difpenfer, 
 and upon his Attainder, to the Crown. King 
 Edward 3^ gave ic co his fon Edmund de Langele 
 Duke of York ; and 1 in the f laft Century but ^ The laft, 
 one (as 1 have been inform’d) it was the feacC* 
 of the Duke of Tork, 1 probably the fame! who 
 here enclofed a very large park for deer. All 
 the Country hereabouts (once cover’d with 
 Breden-wood,. now caW’d Breden-fore/l) was mife-Breden-foreft. 
 rably wafted by Ethelivald Clito and his auxiliary 
 Danes, A. D. 90^. On the Weft-fide of this 
 Foreft, the forementioned river glides on 
 fmoothly ; which, arifing almoft in the very 
 North limit of this County, runs toward the 
 fouth, and was (as Etbelwerd obferves) for fome l. 4. c. 4. 
 time the boundary of the Wef ‘Saxon and Mer- 
 dan Kingdoms ; at whicli there were feveral 
 great battles fought, fit is called, for diftindi- 
 on’sfake. Lower Avon (probably, the Antona of 
 Tacitus, and the Bladon of William of Malmes- 
 bury;) which, at it’s firft entrance into Wilc- 
 fhire, croflfes the Fop-way, that is ftill very plain FolTe-way. 
 in this part of the country. From Cirencefier ic 
 comes into this county near Kemble, and fo Kemble, 
 runs on weft of Crudwcll (which gave the title Crudwcl!. 
 of Baronefs to Lady Mary Lucas of CrudweU, 
 whofe Father Jobnhoid Lucas [) built here anAubr.MS. 
 Free-fchool, with a* competent Endowment)Wiic. 
 by A(l)ley, to Long Newnton ; then weft of Broken* 
 bridge to Ea (Ion-Grey ; and fo not far from 5-6«r-Sherfior. 
 fion, which appears to have been a Roman fta- 
 
B E LG 
 
 103 
 
 tion as well by it’s fituation near this Confular 
 Way, as by the Roman Coins frequently found 
 at it. Some of the filver onesj viz., of Antoni- 
 tiuSy Eau^inciy Gordianus^ and Fl.y»ltif^ds de* 
 poficed in Aftimole’s Adufaum in OKford. What 
 it’s name was in the Roman times, we have no 
 light from Hiftory ^ but this, in all probability, 
 was the place of battle between King Ed- 
 mund and the Danes, A. D. 1016. call’d by the 
 Saxon Chronicle Sceopfcan. For as the agree- 
 ment of the names juftifies the conjedure, fo do 
 the particular circumftances, both of the place 
 andadlion. The feveral hereabouts, put 
 
 it beyond difpute, that here has been a battle ; 
 and the Inhabitants have to this day a tradition, 
 that it was againft the Danes. Now, this of 
 King Edmund’s lays the beft claim to it ; both 
 Pen, becaufe SherHon is nearer to Fen (where the laft 
 battle before this was fought,) than any town 
 yet afltgn’d to be the place j and alfo becaufe 
 the account, that Florence of Worcefter has left 
 us of that matter, agrees very well to it. He 
 exprefly fays, that his Sceor(tan was in Wiccia j 
 within the borders whereof this Sherjion is. For 
 there is no doubt, but Wiccia extended oft both 
 fides the Severny as far as the Kingdom of Mer- 
 cia did : now, it hach been obferved out of 
 Echelwerd, that the Avon was the limit between 
 Mercia and the Kingdom of the Weft-Saxons j 
 * Concil. and the learned * Sir Henry Sfelman tells us, that 
 Tom. I. jildhelm Abbot of Malmsbury was prefent at a 
 P' ^ 9 ?* Mercian Synod ; fo that, without doubt, this 
 part of Wiltlhire belong’d to Mercia, and confe- 
 quently this SherHon might be in IViccia. And 
 this is confirm’d by that paffage in Brompton, 
 where he fays, that the cities of Cirencefter ana 
 Chippenham M/erc in the foutb part of the Country 
 of the Wiccians. 
 
 From Sherfton, the Foffe palTes by Alderton, 
 W. Kington, and LittUton~t>rm ; and fo, cafl: of iVefi-Kington, 
 + Aubr. MS.t in which parish, on a Down call’d Ebdown, 
 Ebdown. is a fingle-ditch’d Camp, fuppos’d to be Ro- 
 man. Hence it goes to CajHe-eomb, and fo weft 
 Slaughten- of Slaughtenford ; the very name of which de- 
 ford. notes what the conftant tradition of the Inha- 
 bitants has handed down, concerning a great 
 /laughter of the Danes in this place. Their 
 Ij Ibid. Camp might probably be [1 that double En- 
 trenchment in Bury-woody between Colern and 
 North- Nortb-Wraxall 'y not far from which, the Fo/fe 
 Wraxall. enters Somerfetftiire, at the Shire-fiones,^] But to 
 return to the Avon. While it is yet fhallow, it 
 runs at the bottom of the hill upon which 
 Malmsbury. Malmsbury is built i and, having receiv’d ano- 
 ther brook, it almoft encompalTeth it. This 
 recalled by the Saxon Annals Meal6elme]'by- 
 pig)! is a neat town, and in good repute on 
 account of the Cloathing-trade : and was, as 
 the Eulogium Hi^oriarum reports, together with 
 the Gaftles of Lacock and Tetbury, built by Dun- 
 wallo Mulmutius King of the Britains, and by him 
 Caer Bladon. call’d Caer Bladon. fCGeoffrey of Monmouth alfo, 
 without any warrant from authentick Hiftory, 
 affirms it to have been a town in the Roman 
 times, and built fome hundreds of years before 
 their coming into this ifland.)! When it had 
 been deftroy’d by the wars, there arofe out of 
 it’s ruins (as Hiftoiians have it upon record) a 
 Caftle, which our Anceftors in their language 
 Ingelborne. nam’d Ingelbopne, at the fame time that the 
 Saxon petty Kings had their Palace at Caerdur- 
 Broken- burge, now Brokenbridge, a village fcarce a mile 
 bridge, from hence. TThis Caflle belong’d to the Bi- 
 fliops of the Weft-Saxons, and, in all probabi- 
 lity, is the place from whence the Charters from 
 Ekuthtrius to Aldhelm are thus dated, A^um pub- 
 lice juxta /lumen Badon, i. e. dated publickly upon 
 the river Badon.l It was known by no other 
 name, but that of Jngelborny for a long time 
 i till one an Irifh Scot, and a 
 
 great Schola.r,and eminent for his devotion and 
 ftriiftnefs of life, beihg delighted with the plea- 
 fantnefs of the Wood under this hill, liv’d here 
 an Hermit : but afterwards, inftituting a fchool, 
 and with his fcholars devoting himfelf to a 
 monaftick life, he built a little monaftery. Frorii 
 this Maildulpbus, the town of Ingelborn began to 
 be call’d Maildulfesburgy and by Bede Maildulfi 
 urbsy Maildulf’s City, which in procefs of time 
 was contraifted into Malmesbury^ In fome Hi* 
 ftorians and ancient Charters granted to this 
 place, it is written Meldunum, Maldubury, and 
 Maldunskurg. Among Maildulfs fcholars. Aid- Aldlitlm. 
 helm was the moft eminent ; who, being defign’d 
 his fucceflbr, did by the help of Eleutberius Bi- 
 fliop of jl Wirtche/ler (to whom the ground ofll M-Su, 
 right belong’d) build here a ftately Monaftery, 
 of which himfelf was the firft Abbot ,* and from 
 him this town in a certain MS. is called M- 
 delmesbyrig. But this name foon grew out of 
 ufe i tho’ the memory of that holy man (as be- 
 ing Canoniz’d) ftill remains. fA meadow alfo 
 near this place, * is called St. Aldhelms w«a</;*Aulir,MSi 
 and before the Reformation they had feveral 
 other Memorials of him, as his Pfaker, the 
 Robe wherein he faid Mafs^ and a great Bell 
 in the Abby-Steeple, called St. Aldbelm’s bell. 
 
 The Village alfo about 6 or 7 miles fouth-eaft 
 from Malmsbury, called Hilmartony is probably Hilmrtdn. 
 denominated from this Saint ^ for in Domefday- 
 book, it is written Aldbelmertone.l Upon his 
 Feaft-day, here is a great Fair, at which time 
 a Company of foldiers were ufually lifted to 
 prevent diforders amidft fuch a concourfe of 
 People, fbut I think that is difufed at prefent .1 
 And truly his memory deferves immortal ho- 
 nour, not only for the fanftity of his life, but 
 alfo for his Learning ; due allowances being 
 made for the ignorance of the times he liv’d in. 
 
 He was the firft Saxon that ever wrote in La- 
 tin, and the firft that taught the Saxons the 
 way of compofmg Latin verfe j and fo, per- 
 form’d what he promis’d of himfelf, in thefe 
 verfes : 
 
 Frimus ego in patriam mecum, modovitafu- 
 per/it, 
 
 Aonio rediens deducam vertice mufas. 
 
 I to my Country firft, if fates permit, 
 
 Will bring the Mufes from their native 
 feat. 
 
 The great ^thelftan made this Aldhelm his 
 tutelar Saint, and for his fake granted theTown 
 large immunities, and enriched the Monaftery 
 with ample Donations ; he chofe this for the 
 place of his Burial, and the inhabitants fliew 
 his monument to this day* fWhich monument, 
 notwithftanding, is fo far from having been 
 erected immediately after his death, that it feems 
 CO have been fet up long fince the Conqueft, 
 and pofiibly fince the Reformation. For Wil- 
 liam of Malmsbury tells us, that this King was 
 incerr’d under the High-Altar, whereas the 
 monument is in the Nave of the Church ; and 
 grafs now grows where the Choir was. A. D. 
 
 9j 6. after the Monks had had pofTeflion of this 
 Monaftery for the fpace of 270 years, they were 
 turn’d out by the command of King Eadwy, and 
 fecular Priefts were put in their roonii but the 
 Monks were reftor’d by King Edgar. Bilhop 
 Herman would willingly have tranflated the 
 Bifhop’s See hither, but was prevented in his 
 defign by the diligence of the Monks. So that, 
 tho Abingdon Hiftoriographer is under a 
 ftake, when he tells us, that the feat of tbeAn&^^' 
 Biftiop of Barklfiire and Wiltfiiire-wasac MalT»s-?‘ 9 i' 
 bury j as is alfo Radulpbus de Diceto, when he calls 
 Odoy who was Biftiop of Ramesbury, Biftop 
 
 I0| 
 
io5 
 
 WILTSHIRE. 
 
 io6 
 
 Condi. A- 
 quif|rac. 
 
 ' of Malr«>hury • and Ger'vajius Ttlhurienf.s , when 
 
 he lays that S. AUhclm had the city of Maidulf that 
 isScirehr»S\ From the rime of yEchelftaiij the 
 Abbey was famous for it’s wealth ; and here 
 was educated (befides many ocher learned men) 
 Biam of William, from this town called Malmshuricnfs^ 
 iiluic^bu. to whofe learned Pains the civil and ecclefia- 
 )• Itical tliftory of England are greatly indebted. 
 The town (entirely fupported by the Abbey) 
 was fortify ’d by Roger Bifhop of Salisbury j 
 who, when the War broke out between Henry 
 of Anjou and King Stephen, I’ecur’d it with 
 walls, and a Caftle, which was once bcfieg’d 
 b.t!nvjin,by King Henry 2,*,ind (after a brave defence) 
 taken. This magnificent Bifhop eretfted buil- 
 dings, here and at Salisbury, for [face very large, 
 for coj^ very chargeable^ for f^iew very beautiful. The 
 Jhnes are fet in juch exali order, that the joynts can- 
 not be feen, and the whole firuSlure feetns to be but 
 one font. But the caftle, not many years after, 
 by the permiflion of King John, was rafedfor 
 the convenience of the Monks, that fo the Ab- 
 bey might be enlarged \ which daily increas’d 
 in buildings and revenues, fand exceeded all the 
 reft in Wilcftiire, both in riches and honour 
 (the Lord Abbot fitting in Parliament as Peer 
 of the Realm)! till the fatal diftblution of 
 Monafteries. Then the lands, and riches which 
 had been fo many years in gathering, were 
 diiTipated j cho’ in ancient times accounted the 
 Oferings of fious Chriflians, and penances for fins, 
 and the patrimony of the poor. And the Church it 
 felf had fuffered the common fate, bad nor one 
 Stump, a rich clothier, by a great deal of in- 
 tercdlion and more money, redeem’d it for the 
 ufe of the Town’s-folks, who turn’d it into a 
 Parifh-Church ; and a great part of it is yet re- 
 maining. TRobert Jenner, Goldfmich or Lon- 
 don, built an Alms-houfe here for 8 perfons, 
 and endow’d it with 40 i. a year.! 
 
 From Malmsbury, the Avon runs to Dantefey, 
 which gave name to the Lords of it, a Knightly 
 Family, once very eminent in thefe parts 5 from 
 whom it defeended to the Eajlerlings, common- 
 ly known by the name of Stradlings ; and from 
 them to the family oi Danvers. Of which, Henry 
 Danvers was dignified, by the favour of King 
 James fthe ift! with the title and honour of Ba- 
 BaronDan- ron Danvers of Dantefey, land by K- Charles i. 
 
 with chat of Earl of Danby. He it was, who 
 built the Phyfick-garden in the Univerfity of 
 Oxford j and, among many other ads of cha-' 
 licy, he founded here an Alms-houfe and Free- 
 fchool. Upon the attainder of his brother and 
 heir Sir John Danvers, the town was given by 
 King Charles 2, to James then Duke of York, 
 .whofe fecond Ion James was created Baron of 
 Dantefey 5 it was afterwards part of the dowry 
 of Queen Mary, and, fince the Revolution 
 hath belong’d to the Earl of Peterborough and 
 Monmouth. 
 
 The Avon, bending it’s courfe fouthward from 
 Bradenfioke. hence, runs near Bradenjioke \ the fame Place, 
 without doubt, to which yEthelwold carry’d his 
 devaftations, in the year 90 j. At which time, 
 Brampton fays, he put to military execution all 
 Brithendune, (i. e. all in Bradon-iotQ^) as far as 
 Erandejlokf or, as Higden more rightly calls it, 
 Bradenefioke ’,io chat Polydore Virgil, Holinfhed, 
 Speed, and our late Hiltorians, are much mi- 
 Ifaken, in afferting this to be Bafingfoke in 
 Hamfhire .1 Six miles from Dantefey, the Avon 
 from the eaftj a rivulet, which frifeb 
 
 Dantefey, 
 
 Aubr*^'^Ms'’‘^^ the bottom of QJdbury-hill, whereon is a large 
 Oval Camp, with double crunches, pofiibly Da 
 Caine, nifh j and! runs through Ca/«e, an ancient little 
 town, on a ftony Soil, adorned with a neat 
 A Synod a- Church where, during the contentions be- 
 |>aittlieCce. tween the Monks and ffecularl Priefts, about 
 CiSy^^ the Coelibacy of the Clergy, a great Synod 
 
 was conven’d A. D. 977. But in the inidft of 
 :he diTpute^ the iloufe, in which the States of 
 the Kingdom v.?ere affcmbled (the beams break- 
 ing, and the timber-frame burfting afunder) 
 fuddenly fell to the ground, together with the 
 Bifhops and Nobility of the Kingdom ;by wiiich 
 fall moft were bruis’d, and fome kill’d : Dunjian 
 alone, who prefided in the Synod, and of the 
 Monks-party, efenped unhurt. By which mi- 
 racle (for fo it was accounted in thofe times) 
 ihe Monaftick Infticution was probably very 
 much confirmed, l*cho’ || fome Fliftorians make || Huncing- 
 "his a judgment upon the Hobility, for betray* don, and 
 ng and murdering their late King Edward. 
 
 As for the town of Caine, it probably arofe out 
 of the ruins of the old Roman Colony on the 
 other-fide of the water, near Studley, where Studley. 
 Roman Coins are frequently found. It wasone 
 of the Palaces cf the Weft-Saxon Kings ; and, 
 at the time of the Conqueft, enjoy’d great pri- 
 vileges, one whereof was, that it never gelded. 
 
 For fays Domefday, Caunenever gelded, and there- 
 fore it is not known bow many Hides are therein. 
 
 The name of Cafile-field, given to the Common- Cafile-fieU. 
 field adjoyning to it, and of Cafk-fireet, given 
 to the ftreet which leads to that field, fliow that 
 here hath formerly been a Caftle, but no foot- 
 fteps of it are now to be feen. 
 
 Not far from Caine is Cummerford, probably theCummerfordp 
 Cynemaepe)'por6 of the Saxon Chronicle, call’d 
 by Florence of Worcefter Kimeresford • where 
 iEthelmund, Earl of Mercia, making an inroad 
 into the country of the Weft-Saxons, was met 
 by Werfian Earl of Wiltftiire ; between whom 
 was a bloody battle, wherein both Comman- 
 ders loft their lives ; but the viftory fell to the 
 Wilt(hire-men. Upon* fecond thoughts, the* GloHar. ad 
 circumftances ofthatadtion feem toagree more Chren. Sax. 
 exactly to this place, than to Kempsford in Gloce- 
 fter^hre ; for fetcing afide, that the Saxon name 
 is more eafily melted into Cummerford, Higden 
 tells us it was out of the bounds of Mercia , 
 
 Ethelmund (fays he) leaving his own Territories, 
 marched out as far as the ford, Chimeresford ; and 
 if fo, it cannot be in Glocefterfliire. There 
 are alfo the remains of a large entrenchment, 
 near this Cummerford, which fets this matter fo 
 much the more beyond difpute.! 
 
 From Caine, the Avon, now grown bigger, 
 runs to Chippenham, by the Saxons call’d Cyp- Chippenham, 
 panham, Tby Brornpton Vrbs Chipenham j one of 
 the chief Towns in the Kingdom of the Weft- 
 Saxons, and fo, very often mention’d in the 
 Hiftories of thofe times.! Now, it is only fa- 
 mous for its market, from whence it had the 
 name : for Cyppin in the Saxon language fig- cyppan, what 
 nifies to traffck, and Cypman a Merchant \ and^^‘*‘ 
 we yet retain Cbeppen and Cbappman, or, as the 
 Germans fpeak, Coppman f(and of the fame ori- 
 ginal z\fo\iCbeapfide in London.)! In thofe times, 
 it was the Country-houfe of the Saxon-Kings, 
 which King Alfred by Will bequeathed to his 
 younger daughter. Now, there is nothing worth 
 feeing, but the Church ^ built, as appears from 
 the Coats of Arms on the Walls, by the Lords 
 Hungerford. fBut whether the Church was 
 founded by the Hungerfords, or not, (which fome 
 difpute,) it is more than probable, that the 
 Chapel, ftill call’d Himgerford’s Chapel, wrs foun- Hunger- 
 ded by Walter Lord Hungerford ^ for 21 Henry 
 6, he obtain’d Licence for the founding ofaP^’ 
 Chantry in the Chapel of our Lady, within 
 the Parifh-Church of this place. Queen Mary, 
 in the beginning of her reign, granted her 
 Charter to this Corporation, which confifts of 
 a Bailiff and 12 Burgeffes.! Oyer-againft this 
 Town, tho’ at fome diftance from the river, 
 lies Cofham, now a fmall village, but heretofore Colbam- 
 the Country-palace of King Etheldred, and the 
 retiring-houfe of the Earls of Cornwall ; fof 
 O whom. 
 
107 
 
 B E L G yE. 
 
 ic 
 
 whonij Richard granted them feveral Privileges_, 
 which they ftill enjoy j and Edmund obtain’d 
 for them a Charter for a weekly market. Since 
 the Reftoration of K. Charles the fecond, Mar- 
 garet Hungerford here an Alms-houfe and a 
 Caftleconib. Free-School.1 From Chippenham, yon fee Cajllecomb, 
 an ancient caftle^ famous on account of the 
 Walters of DunHavill, Lords of it ; from whom 
 the Wriotbtjleys, Earls of Southampton, derive 
 their pedigree. For Petronilla, daughter and 
 heir of the laft Walter, was married to Robert 
 de Montford, and had a Ton named William, 
 who fold this caflle and the reft of his lands to 
 Bartholomew Badilfmer •, from whom it came 
 (as I have heardj to the Scroops, who have held 
 it ever fince. But let us now return to the 
 Leckham. courfe of the river ; on which lieth Leckham, 
 * Now Cby the eftate of the noted * family of the Bainards, 
 where Roman coins are very often found ; and 
 Lacock/' diacock, [ wherQ alfo, in a field hard by, fas Le- 
 land faith) much Roman money ufed to be found, 
 Silverfieia. from which the Place was called Silverfieldi and'l 
 where that pious matron Ela, Countefs of Sa- 
 lisbury, in her widowhood, built (as fhe did 
 Henton, likewife at Henton fin Somerfetfhire,^) a Mona 
 ftery, A. D. 1252. to the honour of the Blelfed 
 Virgin and St. Bernard, in which flie devo- 
 ted her felf, foul and body, to the fervice of 
 God. 
 
 The Avon, with banks thick-fet with trees, 
 Brumham. hath not run far beyond Bruwbam, once the feat 
 De s. Qf Lord * Samond ; before ic receives a ri- 
 vulet from the eaft, which rifes near the caftle 
 The Vies, De Vies, Devifes, or the Vies ; the Divijio of Flo- 
 Devizes, j-entius Wigornienfis, the Divifa of Neubrigen- 
 fis, fche Vifee of Matthew Weftminfter, and the 
 Wyfa of Walter Hemingford. That this town 
 was built by Dunwallo King of the Bricains, 
 is fcarce probable : neither is it eafie to imagin 
 that ic could be inhabited by the Romans j tho’ 
 Rund-way. the utmoft part of Rund-way-hill which over- 
 ‘ * looks the town, there is a fquare fingle-trench’d 
 Camp, that feems to point out to us the pre-? 
 fence of the Romans in thofe parts ; and there 
 have been difcovered in the neighbourhood of 
 this place feveral hundred pieces of ancient Ro- 
 r»a» Coin of different Emperors ; and, within 
 a few yards, feveral Pots, without Coins, but 
 fuppofed to be of the fame Antiquity. Very 
 lately alfo, there hath been dug-up a large 
 Urn, full of Roman Coins ; and a number of 
 t Vid.Muf. little t brafs Statues of feveral of the Heathen 
 and Goddeftes, crowded betwixt three 
 Scones, and covered with a Roman brick.l 
 It was once a noble caftle, ftrongly fortify’d by 
 art and nature, but ic is now ruin’d by Time. 
 TThe Annotator upon the Life of King Alfred, 
 hath told us, upon the authority of Tradition^ 
 that the caftle here was built by that King ;buc 
 Hiftorians tell usl it was built at the vaft%x- 
 pence of Roger Biftiop of Sarum (that ic might 
 cxcell all the caftles in England:) fand, at 
 leaft, it was repaired by him.l This man’s For- 
 tune had advanc’d him from a poor Mafs-prieft 
 to be the fecond man in the kingdom. But 
 Fortune (as one faith) favours no man fo far, 
 as to exempt him from the fear of lofing what 
 flie gave. For King Stephen, conceiving fome 
 difpleafure againft him, cook from him this 
 caftle, and chat of Shirburn, together with his 
 great wealth, and fo harrafs’d the poor old man 
 in prifon, with hunger and other vexations 
 that between the fear of death and the torments 
 of life, he was unwilling to live, and knew 
 not howto die. About this time ic was very 
 much controverted, whether ic be lawful for 
 Bifliops by the Cano;i-law, to hold Caftles or 
 .if this by fpecial permiffion was indulg’d, whe- 
 ther in troublefome times they ought not\o be 
 at the King’s dil'pofal f fSpeed fays. This was 
 
 Phil.Tranf. 
 N. 268. 
 
 ene of the geodliefi Cafiles in Europe • and Ho* 
 linfhed. That it was the firongefi hold in England, 
 Which made Ralph Fiiz,-Stepben, in the war 
 between King Stephen and Mawd the Emprefs 
 after he had polTels’d himfelf of ir, boaft, that 
 by the afiiftance of it he would fubdue all the 
 Country between London and Winchefter. The 
 government of this Caftle was formerly look’d 
 upon to be fuch an honourable poft, that ic has 
 been accepted by the greateft among the NobU 
 liry. Ic was not fo entirely demolifli’d, but 
 that fome fhew of fortifications were left, till 
 the Civil Wars; when ic was befieg’d more 
 than once. And Sir Ralph Hoptons being en- 
 clos’d herein by Sir William Waller, occafion’d 
 that memorable battle, call’d * * Rund-m 
 
 fight, from the Down upon which it was^KHii 
 fought. Now, all the Fortifications aredif-'^^* 
 mantled, and the very top of the Keep (which 
 Leland calls a work of incredible cofi) is dug-up 
 by Gardeners. The town is a very populous 
 Corporation, confifting of two great Parifh- 
 es; and is govern’d by a Mayor, Recorder, 
 
 &cA ’ 
 
 The Avon, joyn’d by this rivulet, bends it’s 
 courfe toward the weft, and prefemly another 
 brook from the fouth runs into it, which gives 
 name to the houfe called Broke, licuate upon it. 
 
 This houfe was heretofore the feat of John 
 Vavelyhoxd of the Hundred od We fi bury, find. 
 afterward gave the title of Baron to Barons 
 Willoughby (becaufe by the Cheneys he was 
 cended from the family of Tavely) when King 
 Henry 7. advanc’d him to that Honour ; of 
 which King he was a great favourite, and by 
 him, as it is reported, was made for fome time 
 Lord High Admiral. For whichreafon, hegave 
 the rudder of a fhip for his Cognizance,r('painced 
 alio in feveral windows of his houfe as Po«- 
 pey, the Admiral of the Roman Navy, ftamp’d 
 the ftern on his medals. But this family was 
 foon extin£t ; for he left but one fon, Robert 
 Baron Brooke, who had by his firft wife a fon 
 call d Edward, who dy’d in his fathei’s life-time, 
 and left one daughter, afterwards married to 
 Sir Fulk Grevile ; by his fecond wife, he had 
 two daughters, by whom this large eftate came 
 to che_ Marquefs of Winchefter, and the Lord 
 Montjoy. 
 
 Not far from hence, to the eaft, lies Edindon,U\nioe^~ 
 heretofore Eathandune, fwichout doubt, a Ro- 
 man town, as is evident from the foundations of 
 houles that have been dug-up here for a mile 
 wgether, and the finding of filver and copper 
 feveral Roman Emperors ; fome of 
 which have been given to the Royal Society, 
 and to Ainmole’s Mufaum in Oxford. Thefe 
 circumltances, and the fituacion of this Redding- 
 ton exaetly on the road between Bath and Marl- 
 orougb, t^ade the learned Commentator on 
 King Alfred s life conclude ic to be the Verluch 
 plac’d by him ly miles from 
 Sohs, and 20 from Cunetio. But Hedding- 
 ton not being above 12 from Bath, and but lo 
 trom Marlborough, we muft f look for in+ 5eeafter- 
 
 lome other piace.1 Here King Alfred won the««^‘^'‘ 
 molt glorious yiftory that ever was obtained 
 over the ravaging Danes ; and drove them to 
 at extremity, that they took a folemn Oath, 
 immediately to depart the land. In this place 
 alio, WtlUamde Edindcn, Bilbop of Winchefter 
 k a great favourite of King Edward;.) who 
 as orn here, and from hence took his fir- 
 name, founded a College of Canons call’d 
 . ^^^cs, rSouch from hence, is Bonhomf*’* 
 
 ■vmgton or Eafi-Lavhgton, commonly call’d 
 
 from the great Corn-market week-E"»' 
 ly kept here on Wednefdays. How long h has 
 een a does not precifely appear; but 
 
 in t le jj" Henry 6, William ds Beauchamp Lord 
 
 St. 
 
no 
 
 109 
 
 WILTSHIRE. 
 
 St. Jmond bequeath^ his body to be bury’d in 
 the Chapel of the Chantry of this place ; and, 
 at his death, which happen’d in the fame year, 
 he was feiz’d, among fcveral other Lordfhips 
 in Wiicfhire, of Chefing-LavingtoH ^ which is the 
 Jee before, lame with || Markst-Lavington ; and if foj it has 
 been a market above 200 years at lead. The 
 nianour belongs now to the Right honourable 
 Earl of Abingdon j as doth alfo the 
 'etl-Laving'next village call’d Wefi-La'oingforty or Lavington- 
 «'• where his Lordfliip hath a very plea- 
 
 fane (eat, finely accommodated with a park, 
 gardens, a grotto, and feveral ocher conveni- 
 ences. It came to him by defcenc from his 
 Father, who had it by marriage with the in- 
 comparable Lady Eleonora., one of the daugh- 
 ters of Sir Henry Lee by Ann his wife, to whom 
 it defeended as heirefs to the Dan'uers’s and Dan- 
 tefe/sj who had been Lords of this manour for 
 many generations j two of whom founded and 
 liberally endow’d the Free-fehool and Alms- 
 Litileton- boufes in this town. In this Parifli is Littleton- 
 Painell. ?aineli, now an obfeure village, tho’ heretofore 
 a market-town ; which privilege was obtain’d 
 for it, 12 Edward 2, by John Lord Eaganelot 
 Talnel. 
 
 The next river that the Avon receives, is the 
 Weftbury. JVere^ which runs not far from iVeslbury^ a fmall 
 Mayor-town that probably arofe out of the 
 ruins of the old Roman one, about half a mile 
 to the norths which, without doubt, was once 
 very famous, as appears by the great quantities 
 of Roman coins that have been here found. If 
 the Verlucio of Antoninus were fettl’d here, the 
 diftances from A^ute Solis and Cunetioj which 
 agree better in this town than in any other, 
 would juftifie fuch a conjedure. And Holinjhed 
 w«re. calls the rivulet that runs near it, Were ; which 
 might give name to the town feated upon it, 
 P.134. Verlucio. Alfo, the late learned Annotator up- 
 on Antoninus chufes to fettle it in this place. 
 The new name Wejlbury is purely Saxon ; and it 
 was natural enough for them to give this name 
 to a town vvhich they found to be the moft 
 confiderable in thefe ivefiern parts i calling it 
 by way of eminency fej'-anbypi5 j if* 
 lame manner as they did the great neighbour- 
 ing wood known by the name of Selwood : for 
 lome Copies of the Saxon Annals read it firaply 
 fercanpuba, others Fej--an-6ele-pu6a. Near 
 Ley. Weftbury, is a village call’d Leigh, or Ley, 
 which is moft probably the place where King 
 Alfred encamp’d, the night before he attack’d 
 the Danes at Eddington. For the name comes 
 very near it, it being an eafie miftake for the 
 Saxon Scribe to write yFglea for sco-Lea : here 
 Courtfield. is alfo a field call’d Courtfield, and a garden ad- 
 joyning, encompafs’d with a mote ,• and a tra- 
 dicicn goes, that here was a Palace of one of 
 ^ by fbe found, might 
 
 ftand fair to be this i/Eglea ^ but then it would 
 have been very ill condud in King ^Elfred, to 
 have pitch’d his tent upon fuch a high place, 
 vifible from all parts of the Country, when he 
 intended to furprize the enemy. So that it is 
 more likely, he march’d along this vale, which 
 was then over-fpread with woods, being part 
 of^Selwood-fore/l. Befides, fhews no marks 
 
 of any trenches, or the like ; and is too far 
 from Eddington, where the fight was, namely, 
 in the fields, between the town and Bratton- 
 cajHe\ which, without doubt, was the fortifi- 
 cation, whither the Danes fled after their rout, 
 and held out h fiege of 14 days. For it is feated 
 upon the extremity of a high hill, which com- 
 mands all the country ^ being encompafs’d with 
 two deep ditches, and rampires proportionable. 
 The form of it is ova), in length 5^0 paces, 
 and almoft 200 broad in the wideft parr. Near 
 the middle, is a large oblong barrow, 60 paces 
 
 probably the burying-place of fome of 
 the Danifh Nobility flain here. Within chisvaft 
 Entrenchment, there have been feveral pieces 
 of old Iron-armour ploiigh’d-up. It hath bile 
 two entrances, fortify ’d with out-works; one 
 toward the fouth-eaft, opening to the plain ; 
 the ocher toward the north-eaft, leading diredly 
 down to Eddington.~\ Upon a hill fomewhac 
 lower, on the fame little river Were, ftands Trw-Tru’bridg?. 
 bridge, in old time Tpuljabpizr, that is, ^rong 
 or tv\xQ. bridge. But for what reafon it had this 
 name, does not appear, fit is much more pro- 
 bable, that the right name is Trolbridge ; for, 
 befide the natural melting of I into «, there is 
 a Tithing in the Liberty and Parifil call’d Trol, 
 and a large Common near it of the fame name. 
 
 Alfo in a Manuferipe Hiftory of Britain (which 
 
 is a Compendium of Geffrey of Monmouth) 
 
 the place is written Trolbridge', where it is faid Trolbridge. 
 
 to have been built by Molmutius,~\ Now it is 
 
 very noted for the Clothing-trade, and ftiews 
 
 the ruins of a Caftle, which belongs to the 
 
 Dutchy of Lancafter. fLeland faith, in his 
 
 time, that it was clean down, and that there were 
 
 in it feven great Towers, two of which were 
 
 ftanding. He adds, that the Earls of Sarum 
 
 were Lords of this Place, then the Dukes of 
 
 Lancafter, and in his rime the Earl of Hertford. 
 
 Now, the Court of the Dutchy of Lancafter 
 for the County, is annually held in this Town 
 about Michaelmafs .1 The Avon, encreas’d by 
 this rivulet, waters Bradford, in old time Bradan- Bradford. 
 ford,(fo call’d from the Broad ford,') which ftands 
 on the fide of a hill, and is built all of ftone ; 
 where a bloody battle was fought in the Civil 
 wars between King of the Weft- Ann. 652. 
 Saxons, and Cuthred his Kinfman. fit was like- 
 wife famous in the Saxon times, for the Mona- 
 ftery built here by Aldhelm, and deftroy’d in 
 the Danifh wars ; as alfo on the account of a 
 Synod probably held here, A. D. 964. in which 
 S. Dunfian was eledled Bifhop of Worcefter.l 
 Here, the Avon leaves Wiltfhire, and enters in- 
 to Somerfetfiiire, running toward the Bath. 
 
 From hence, the weftern limits of this Shire 
 go direcftly fouchward fhy Farley-Caflle, which E'‘*‘ley-Ca- 
 tho’ in Somerfetfhire, yet part of the Park bc-^^®* 
 longing to it lies in ; and in this parr^ 
 
 not many years ago, was dug-up a Roman pave- 
 ment of Chequer-work ; a piece whereof was 
 given to AfhmoWs Mufsum in Oxford ; andT 
 by Longleat, the curious and fplendid houfe (tho’ Long 1 e*t. 
 more than once damnified by fire) of the Knight- 
 ly family of the Thynnes, defeended from the 
 Boteviles ; fand ennobled in the perfon of Thomas 
 Tbynne, who was created Vifeount Weymouth by 
 K. Charles the fecond ; 1 to Maiden- Bradley, fo Maiden- 
 named becaufe one of the daughters and heirs 
 Manajfer Bijfet a famous man in his time, being 
 her fell a Leper, built a Hofpical here for le- 
 prous maids, and endowed it with her own in- 
 heritance ; fftho’ others account this a \u\g^&r'^i^.Worce- 
 Fable, and affirm that the Hofpital was 
 long before the divifion of that Eftare among 
 daughters : )1 her father had founded a Priory 
 here before, fin the reign of King Stephen.! 
 
 Stourton, the feat of the Barons of who 
 
 were dignify’d with this title by Henry 6, after 
 
 a very great eftare had fal’n to them by mar- 
 
 riage with the heirefs of the family of Le Motgn Dogd. Baron. 
 
 or Monk (not Mobun as fome have erroneou% 
 
 imagin’d ; ) and from thence their Creft is, a 
 
 Detni-Monkwiiba[\)&mttmu\'] whip in bis hand. 
 
 iThis honour ftill continues in the fame fa- 
 
 mily.l The town took its name from the river 
 
 Stour, rifing here out of fix fountains, between 
 
 which [proper] the 5 r(?«rfo»/ Lords of this place 
 
 bear for their Aims, a Bend Or in a field fable. 
 
 f From^ hence, the fouthern Limit goes to jvjere , 
 
 fo call’d, probably, from being a Meape or Land- 
 
 mark ; 
 
Ill 
 
 B E L G jE. 
 
 112 
 
 this ac.pre- 
 fent. 
 
 Verlucto. 
 
 Werminfier. 
 
 Battle-bury. 
 
 Scratchbury. < 
 
 mark; for it is near the borders of 
 mrfeilhiri, and Dtrre'fim. In the neighbourhood 
 of this town and Siourtov, are 4 Entrenchments , 
 one of which, in Stmrtm-park, is double-ditch d, 
 WHteMe- and is call’d by Leland W'to/l.rWiil, 
 hill. the Camp of ihe Danes m one of che battles at 
 
 By the forefaid Ma’uUn-BradUy , glides a little 
 DevcMi!. river call’d Drver-ril, becanfe like Anas in SpM, 
 and the Mote in Surry, which took their nanip 
 *Nothingis from thence, it * dives under the earth, and, n- 
 tobeheardofpjpg again a mile from henccj haitensto 
 
 this ac.pre- a very ancient town, mention’d by An- 
 
 toninus the Emperor in his Itinerary ; which 
 name it has not yet quite loft, being fas is lup 
 pofedl call’d mrmin/hr, a compound of that old 
 name and the Saxon word opmrcep, which 
 fignifieth a Monafiery. TBut tho’ this is the com- 
 mon opinion, it is not back d with Coins or 
 other remains of the Romans that have been 
 difcover’d there ; and it is therefore refert d to 
 the judgment of the Reader, upon what is of- 
 fered before, whether Wefibury is not^ a more 
 probable place for it. Concerning it’s ftate in 
 the Saxon times, I think our Hiftorians are fi- 
 lent ; only, we may obferve, that upon the 
 Downs on the eaft-fide of the town, there are 
 two Camps j one call’d Battle-bury ^ having 
 double-works, and fo probably Danifti ; the 
 other Scratchbury^ a fquare fingle-trench’d forti- 
 ftcation.T Heretofore, it had peculiar privi- 
 leges ^ for it is recorded in the book of William 
 the Conqueror, that nec geUavit nee bitlata fuit ; 
 that is, it paid no tribute. Now, it is only famous 
 for a great Corn-market Ton Saturdays ; 1 and 
 it is fcarce credible, what quantities of Corn 
 are every week carried hither, and prefentl> 
 fold. 
 
 From this place, toward the fouth, north, and 
 caft, all along che middle of the Shire, the 
 Downs are fo wide, that fcarce any bounds can 
 be difcover’d ; from whence they are call’d tht 
 Thins j but thinly inhabited, and infamous here- 
 tofore for frequent robberies. The fouth pan 
 of them is water’d by two pleafanc rivers, the 
 JVilley-bourn, the Guilou of /ijj'erius j and the J^ad 
 der, commonly called Adder- bourn. Willey-bourn. 
 having its rife at Werminfter, runs by Heitesbury 
 Heitesbury. qj Hegedibury, the feat of the Barons of Hun- 
 gerford, fwhere Walter "Lord. Hungerford, Lord 
 High Treafurer of England, founded an Hof- 
 pical for 12 poor men and one woman ^ with 
 an allowance for a Chaplain, who was like- 
 wife to be Warden, and to teach a Free- 
 fchool. But this being not fully perform’d in 
 his life-time, Margaret^ widow of his fon Ro- 
 bert Lord Hungerford, efFedled it 5 and it re- 
 mains to this day.l From hence, it runs to a 
 village called Willey. Oppofite to which, there 
 is a very large Camp fortify’d with a deep 
 double ditch, and called by the neighbouring 
 Yancsbury* inhabitants Tanesbury-Ca/He. From it’s figure, 
 Caflle. I has been thought by fome, to be a Roman 
 eafil°^con-^ Camp. Some think, it was Vefpafian’s, when, 
 dude iTto being Lieutenant of the 20'^* Legion under CUu- 
 havebeen,C. dius, he fubdued two Nations in this part fof 
 England,"! to the Roman Empire ; and fome 
 remains of Vefpafian’s name are thought to be 
 inYanesbury. fBut, on the other hand, it is 
 alledged, that the Roman Camps were for the 
 moft part fquare, and had only a fingle W/«w, 
 whereas this has a double ditch. It’s being fo 
 very like Bration-caftle^ only fomething bigger, 
 and of an oval form, induces one to think it 
 Danifh. The length cf it is 560 paces, and it 
 has three entrances, one toward the north, a- 
 nother toward the fouth, and a third (which 
 is che principal, and fortify'd with cut-works 
 after the Danifh fdfbion,) toward the eaft.l The 
 riling in the fouth border of this County, 
 
 Salisbury- 
 
 Plains. 
 
 Willey. 
 
 with a winding ftream creepslike an adder(hom. 
 whence it feems to have it’s name,rnx66pe in 
 Saxon fignifying an Adder, which is corruptly 
 written, for a nadder or nedder, as it is ftrll called 
 in the northern parts of England,)! not far 
 from Wardour,a. beautiful Caftle,which once be- Wardour. 
 long’d CO the ancient family of S. Martin. To o-Caitie, 
 mic feveral of it’s intermediate owners f(amongft 
 whom were the Lords Level, and y. Tutchet 
 Lord Audley,)~l it came into the polleffion of 
 John Arundel, created by yi.James fthe iftlLord 
 Arundel of War dour, of whom very honourable B^onArii 
 mention ought here to be made, becaufe 
 his youth he pioufly went to ferve in the wars 
 againft the fworn enemies of Chriftendom, the 
 Turks i and there, for his valiant Behaviour at 
 the ftorming of Gran, had the honour to be 
 made a Count of the Empire, by Patent from M 95 < 
 the Emperor Rodolpb 2. in thefe words j Foraf-Cmttih\t 
 muebas be bath behaved himfelf couragioujly in the field, 
 and at the (irge of feveral Cities and Caftles ^ and 
 efpecially hath given eminent proof of bis valour at 
 the fjjault made upon the Water-town near Gran, 
 taking the Flag from the Turks with his own bands ] 
 
 We have created, made, and nominated him, and all and 
 every one of bis children, his heirs and lawful ijfte of 
 both [exes for ever, true Counts and Countejfes of the 
 facred Empire ^ and have dignified them with the 
 Title and Honour of a County Imperial, &C. fNo 
 lefs valiant was che Lady Arundel, who in the 
 year 1645, with only 25” men, made good this 
 Caftle for a week, againft 1300 of the Par- 
 liament-forces, from whom (contrary to the 
 Articles of Surrender) the Caftle and Parks re- 
 ceived great damage . 1 On the ocher fide of 
 che river is Hache, of little note at prefenc, butHache. 
 famous in the reign of King Edward i, for it’s 
 Baron Eufiace de Hache, who was then fum-Baron of 
 mon’dto Parliament among the reft of the No-bKhe. 
 oilicy. 
 
 Ac the conflux of thefe rivers, Willey waters 
 a place denominated from it, Wilton, once the Wilton, 
 chief town of the County, to which alfo it 
 gave name. It was anciently call’d £/Wa»«w;EllandiiM 
 as appears from fome old Charters, which ex- 
 prdly make mention of Weolflhnn Earl of £/- 
 landunum, that is, of Wilton •, and again, that he 
 built a little Ellandunum, that if, at 
 
 Wilton fand alfo from the [j Monafikon 
 canum, and from Mr. Brian Twine’s Collefti- 
 ons, where we find Ellendinia or Edenduna, that 
 is, Ellenge donne, or a place naked, defolate or wiU ; 
 from hence is Wyldton or Wylddoun j and he faysViy'l''*** 
 immediately after, that he takes Ellendunt to 
 be Salisbury-plain. But he tells us nor, in 
 what language it is, that Elian or Ellenge figni- 
 fies wild ; or in what age Wilton was called 
 Wyldton or Wylddoun.^ From the name Elhn, I 
 am induc’d to think this river the whichAlsD,n^- 
 Ttolemy places in this Tradb. At this place, 
 Egbert King of the Weft-Saxons fought fuccefi- 
 fully with Beorwulf th^ Mercian A. D. 821. but 
 the battle was lb bloody on both Tides, that the 
 river ran plentifully with che blood of near 
 relations. fHowever,ic is thougheby fome, that 
 this Battle was fought elfewhere, and that the 
 circumftances of ic make the foregoing opini- 
 on, that this is the old Ellandune, fomewhat 
 futpicious : For ic is not probable (fay they) 
 that Egbert, the moft powerful Prince in the 
 Ifland, Ihould let an enemy make an inroad 
 into tne very heart of his kingdom, without op- 
 pofition. And ic is as unaccountable, why none 
 of our Hiftorians fhould tell us that the battle 
 was toughc at Wilton, when it is plain che town 
 was known by that name long before. There- 
 fore, CO place Ellendunt liere, feems to them as 
 unreafonable,as SrowptcBS fettling ic in Middle-* Mow*- 
 
 
 Tex. But if che amhority of the * WinctiefterAng. “ 
 
 Annolc maw k.% .,11 theCOn-P'5’* 
 
 Annals may be allow’d in this cafe. 
 
 troverfy 
 

 WILTSHIRE. 
 
 
 ,n,ver|-.e is clearly decided. For they tell us 
 ftorellv, that this fight was at Ellendm, a raa- 
 nour belonging to the Prior of. Wmchefter : 
 now chis Teems to be no other place than b.- 
 near Highwortli (upon the borders of 
 the Mercian kingdom,) which once belong d 
 to the Monaftery of S. Swithin. But to return.! 
 Here alio, at Wilton, A. D. 871. King Alfred 
 fi=bting againftthe Danes, had the advantage 
 
 a” rhe beginning ; bur, the fortune of the battle 
 changing, he was driven out of the field. In 
 the times of the Saxons, it was a very P°P“- 
 lous place. King Edgar founded here a Nun- 
 nery (as the Hiftorians relate) and made nis 
 daughter Edith Abbefs. But it is evident irom 
 an ancient Charter of Edgar himfelf, dated 
 A. D. 974- that the Nunnery was much older : 
 for in it are thefe words i The Religious Houje 
 3vbich was built by my great grandfather K. Ed w ard, 
 in a noted flacBj by the Inhabitants called WiUon. 
 And we read in the life of Edward the ^t)n- 
 fcffor : Pl^hilfi S. Edward was building the Abbey of 
 S feter at fVeflminfler, Editba his wife, imtaung 
 the royal charity of her Husband, laid the foundation 
 of a fiately MonaHerj of fone, inHead of the woodm 
 Church at WiUon, where jhe was educated. The 
 town did not much decay (tho’ miferably pun* 
 der’d by Swain the Dane ) until the Bimops 
 of Salisbury turn’d the Road into the vyeitern 
 Counties another way, fbefore which time C^s 
 Eeland faith) it had 12 Parifh-Churches, chat 
 are now reduced to one.l Since that time, it 
 has dwindled, by little and little, into a Imall 
 village } only, it hath the honour of a Mayor 
 for its chief Magiftrate, and the moft beamiml 
 houfe of the Earls of Tembroke, built out of the 
 fupprefs’d Abbey. But in old_ time, Sorbio- 
 cnrKJoau* dunum was, fas New-Sarum, which arofe out 
 Lnu of its ruins, is,) a mighty injury and detriment 
 to it. Antoninus’s Itinerary calls that town 
 Scrbiodunum, which the Saxons afterward^ named 
 6 eapyrbypi 5 , and the modern Latin-writers 
 pv.j c ind Sarisburia. For the courfe of the Iti- 
 
 nerary, and the remains of the name, evidently 
 fliew this without my remarking it. ^ And Sea- 
 *Was un- * may Teem to have been derived from 
 
 doubtedly Sorbiodunum, the Saxon word Bypys ( which 
 derived, C.denoceth a town) being put in the place of 
 Vumim, Dunum, which word the Britains and Gauls ufu- 
 what it lig- ally added to places of a high lituation, as this 
 Mf.ed Sorbiodunum is. So that (as one very well skill’d 
 in the Welfli language informed me) Sorviodu- 
 ntsm fignifieth a dry hid ^ which is a more pro- 
 bable conjedure, than the far-fetch’d derivation 
 of it from Saron in Berofus, or from Severus the 
 Severia. Emperor, from whom they call it Severia. FYet 
 others there are, who, tho’ complete Matters of 
 the WeKh Tongue, cannot dilcover any thing 
 in it, which both anfwers the found of^ Sorbio- 
 dunum, and at the fame time can pottibly be 
 wrefted to that fenfe. The Saxons indeed Teem 
 to have drawn their 6eapypbypi5 from this qua- 
 lity of the foil, peapan in that language Tigni- 
 fying to dry j which I cake to be a more proba- 
 ble original of the Saxon name, than either 
 HoUinfhed’s derivation from Salisbury in Ger- 
 many, or John Rofs’s, from a tower built here 
 by Julius Cafar, which he fays might be call 
 Cafaris burgus, and fo corrupted into 5 
 
 as Cafar Augufa in Spain into Saragofa. But 
 fecting afide, that Julius Csfar did not purfue 
 his vidories thus farj chat denomination is not 
 warranted by any Author and to be Cure, An- 
 toninus would have us’d the true genuin Roman 
 name, if there had been any Tuch. How it 
 came by the name Severia, 1 cannot certainly 
 tell i but it is pollible enough, chat Severus the 
 Emperor, living mott of his time in Britain, 
 might luinecimes rcfide here : and, either by 
 re-edifying the town, or doing fume other me- 
 
 morable thing at it, might derive to it chat 
 name, which occafioh’d.che calling of this Coun- 
 ty Severnia, and Provinoia Severorum. However, 
 in general3 that it was rriuch frequented in the 
 times of the later Emperors, appears by the 
 Coins o^Confians, Magnentius,Confiantine, zed Crif- 
 pus, found here. Agreeably to the other branch 
 of the name Dunum, 1 ic was built on a high 
 hill, and,. as Malmsbury faith. The town was more 
 like a Cafile than a City, being environ d with a high 
 wall ^ and notwithfanding it was very wed accom- 
 modated with all other conveniences, yet fucb was 
 the want of water, that it was fold there at a great 
 rate. This gave occafion to the dittich, which 
 was made upon Old Sarum by one that lived in 
 thofe times ; 
 
 £/? tibi defeBus lympha, fed copia cretdj 
 Savil ibi ventus, fed Philomela filet. 
 
 Water’s there fcarce, but chalk in plenty 
 
 li^s. 
 
 And thofe fweet notes that Philomel de- 
 nies, 
 
 The harfher mufick of the wind fup- 
 plies. 
 
 By the great pieces of Walls and Bulwarks 
 yet CO be feen, it feems to have been a, very 
 ttrong place, and about half a mile in circum- 
 ference. Kenric the Saxon, after he had fought 
 the Britains with fuccefs, A. D. yy;. was the 
 firft of the Saxons who won it j land between it»s Condlti- 
 his taking ic, arid King Egbert’s age, we meet on in the Sax- 
 with no mention of it : but chis Prince very tinies. 
 often refided at ic ; and King Edgar call’d here 
 a Parliament or Great Council, A. D. 960 
 but t Swain the Dane damnify’d ic very much 4 Canute, C. 
 by fire, about A. D. looj. Ic recover’d it’s an- 
 cient fplendour, when by the authority of a 
 Synod FAnn. 1076. (decreeing that all Bifhops- 
 Sees fhould be removed into great Towns, put 
 of Villages,)! and, by the munificence of Wil- 
 liam the Conqueror, Herman Bifhop of ^hirburn 
 and Sunning, tranflated his See hither j and his 
 immediate bucceffor Ofmund built the Cathe- 
 dral Church. FAfter the Conqueft, ic flourifh- 
 ed mightily ; the Norman Kings very frequent- 
 ly living, and fometimes holding their Parlia- 
 ments, here.l And the faid William the ift, aPeef* 
 he had made his Survey of England, fummon’d 
 all cheEftaces of the Kingdom hither, to fwear 
 Allegiance to him. Ac that time, as ic is in 
 Domefday-book, Salisbury gelded for yo bides 
 and of the third penny the King bad*X)i.S. by weight, Weight and 
 and of the increafe [k. 1 h. by tale. This I obferve, by Tale. 
 
 becaufe not only the Romans, but alfo our * 
 
 Anceftors, ufed to Weigh as well as Tell their ^{bras ad 
 Money. No: long after, in the reign of (| Hen- pondus. 
 ry 5, by reafon of the infolencies of the gar-li R«. i* C. 
 rifon-foldiers, and the fcarciry of water, the 
 inhabitants began to remove, and feated them- 
 felves in a low ground fcarce a mile off, to the 
 fouch-eaft j which, being the conflux of the Avon 
 and the Nadder, is as ic were a Rendezvous of 
 feveral Rivers. fPor the Cattle, which formerly of the 
 belong’d to the Bifhop, had, upon the difference reaioval. 
 between King Stephen and Bifiiop Roger, been 
 feiz’d by the King, who plac’d a Governouc 
 and a Garrifon in it. But that was look’d upon 
 as a violation of the Liberties of the Church, 
 and gave occafion for frequent differences j by 
 which the Bifhop and Canons were induced to 
 think of removing into a place where they 
 might be lefs difturb'd. This was proj'jdled by 
 Herebertus Pauper (brother and immediate prede- 
 ceffor 0^ Richard Poor,') in the reign of Richard i. 
 
 But that King dying before the defign could be 
 effedled, and the turbulent reign of Kingjohn 
 enfuing, they were forced to lay afide the 
 thoughts of it till Henry the 5'^’s reign, when 
 P it 
 
B E L GJE. 
 
 115 
 
 ic was reviv’d and completed by Richard Poor. 
 Not but the Citizens, for the caufes above- 
 mentioned^ began by degrees to remove from Old 
 Sarum in the reign of Richard i j which ferves 
 to corredt the error of thofe^ who chink that 
 the Bifliop and Clergy removM firftj and that 
 the Cidzens follow’d i or, at leaft, that they 
 . remov’d about the fame time.T Of this remo 
 bury. Petrus Blefenfts makes mention in his Epi 
 
 Epilh 105. he defcribes Old Sarum. It -svas 
 
 a flace expo/ed to the wind^ barren^ dry^ and foli- 
 tary a Tower was there^ as in Siloam^ bf which 
 the inhabitants were for a long time enfia'ved. And 
 afterward ; The Church of Salisbury was a Cap- 
 tive on that hill : let us therefore in God^s name go 
 down into the level .* there the vallies will yield plenty 
 of Corn^ and the champain fields are of a rich foil. 
 And of the fame place^ the forementionM Poet 
 writes thus ; 
 
 Toteiue patent porta, i^uot mcnfibus anms ^ 
 bundat. 
 
 Res mira, at vera res eeUbrata fide. 
 
 d^id domini domus in cafiro ? niji fxderis area 
 In templo Baalim • career uter^ue locus. 
 
 A Church within a Camp looks juft as 
 well. 
 
 As th’ ark of God in the vile houfe of Baal. 
 
 t How many days in one whole year there 
 
 So many windows in our Church we fee 
 So many marble pillars there appear 
 As there are hours thro’out the fleeting year 
 So many gates as moons one year does' 
 view. 
 
 Strange tales to tell, yet not fo firanee as 
 true. ^ 
 
 t He 
 
 lin. 
 
 And he thus defcribes the place to which thev 
 defeended : 
 
 EJb in valle locus nemori venatibus apto 
 ContfguuSy celeber fruBibus, uber aquis. 
 Tale creatoris matri natura creata 
 Hafpitium toto quafiit erbe diu. 
 
 Nigh a fair chafe a happy vale there 
 lies, I 
 
 Where early fruit the burden’d trees fur- [ 
 prize, 
 
 And conftant fprings with gentle murmurs 
 rile. , 
 
 Not careful Nature o’re the world could meet 
 With luch another for our Lady’s feat. 
 
 As foon as they were removed : that thev 
 might begin at the houfe pf God, Richard Poor 
 \A. T Bilhop, in a pleafant meadow before call’d 
 
 New f 'he great Church, 
 
 a ftately pile of building. Ton the e"! of the 
 blends of May, A. D. 1220 ; for the more 
 "-efind that the 
 
 to recommended 
 
 to all Ptiefts m his Diocefe, to put dying per- 
 fons in mind of a charitable contributi™ To this 
 intended fabnck.l Which (with it’s high fteeple 
 Tof 4,0 foot from the ground,! and douWe 
 crofs-ifles, ) by a venerable kind of grandeur 
 ftrikes the fpedlators with a facred joy and ad- 
 miration, It was, in the fpace of 45 years 
 fimlh d at vail expence, and dedicated A. D 
 Ilf 8. in the prefence of King Henry j : con- 
 
 X”ue*verfo : 
 
 Regis enim virtus templo fpeBabitur ifio, 
 Prajulis affeitus, anifieumque fides. 
 
 Workman’s skill, 
 tdl 
 
 
 M,ra camm, fill, emtimt a«m„, !„ unk 
 Tam mminfa, firm,, ride, fi„i/fra mica,. 
 Marmmafim cap; fa fa, ,ct ab arti clam- 
 nasy 
 
 Cmprmfa, hora, ijmt vagu, amm habit. 
 
 For they fay, this Church hath as many win 
 dows as there are days in the year, as many 
 pillars and pltlafters as there are hours and as 
 many gates as months. On the fouth-lide of 
 the Church, is the Cloyfter, as great and of as 
 fine workmanfhip asany [in England,]to whichi 1 i 
 IS adjoyn d the Btfliop’s Hardy Palace^ ; and on ^ 
 the north-fide Hands, apart from the Cathedral 
 a very flrong-built and high Bell-tower. ThiJ 
 Church, in a fliort time, lo increas’d in wealth 
 and revenues, that it maintains a Dean, a Chan- 
 ter, a Chancellor,a Treafurer.and *41 Preben-* „ c 
 daries,all very well endow’d ; fome of whom (viz. ’ 
 thoie they call Canons Refidentf) have very good 
 houfes near the Church : and all thefe are inclo- 
 led with a wail, apart from the town. fBefides 
 the 4, fmgle Prebends, there are 4 annex’d to 
 the EhgmtiesoftiieBifhop, Dean, Chancellor, 
 and Treafurer. When the Church of New- 
 Sarum was built, it had fo, befides thofe an- 
 nex d as aforefaid ; but by the fuppreilion off, 
 the diffolution of 2, and alienation of 2 mote 
 they were reduced to this number. There were 
 f mo^ alienated, but f others were ereaedin 
 
 'f 7/^ enjoyed that 
 
 ot llfarcomi, above 50 years.! 
 
 WhilH the Bifiiop was building the Church, 
 
 ‘ o® ."’n'l'ier with great zeal 
 founded the City, fettled the Civil governraenc 
 thereof, and fupphed every flreet with a rivu- 
 “‘’'billed licence from Simm 
 the BiHiop to fortifie it, they threw up a ditch 
 on that fide which is not defended by the river, 
 ana to luch Iplendour did Ncm-Salhhury rife by 
 degrees, out of the ruins of Old-Sorbicdamm, 
 
 ^at (prefently after the High-road into the 
 row V vT* Hoyal Authority turn’d thro’ this 
 became the fecond City in thofe parts; 
 being very populous, abounding in all neceffa- 
 nes, elpecially filh ; and adorn’d with a very 
 hne Council-houfe of wood, which Hands in a 
 ^acious Market-place. But it hath nothing of 
 ’’“H, as of JdnJimtl, 
 
 fn wonder of bis age||LateBi- 
 
 ”” Divinity, anda mofl flrtW & 
 ter rhiP Religion. Af- 
 
 reipn nV declining, was, in the 
 
 Pow thP "'5'°“!' ‘^sferced ; fo thau 
 
 whirh a ^ I'^'i'^ins a turret of the caflle ; 
 
 had lepP’ ^ '*1® inhabitants 
 
 Salisb, Earls of 
 
 wa a of Edward 3, there Elw. !■ 
 
 iTllbe controverlie about ir. For R.ftrtTmii.Hill.- 
 
 mir venue of a Writ which 
 
 ftinn th de brought inque- 
 
 um ^o»,acu,i iid ofSa- 
 
 he wonlfi' Earl anfwered, that 
 the dau ‘^nf^od his right by Csmiar. So, onAD«el»ta“ 
 iflshkrr’’°'"'‘^‘'’ Eidiop brought to tbe.teC.ltis - 
 
 he eX °ver which he had a Surcoat ' 
 
 a kPP. = 'here follow’d him"‘" 
 
 oiPnPfX ? f 'h^Earl led-in hisCham- 
 
 nied bv rw manner, accompa- 
 
 nied by two Knights bearing white Haves. Juft 
 
117 
 
 WILTSHIRE. 
 
 1 1 8 
 
 Hainham. 
 
 Harnham* 
 
 bridge. 
 
 'Vid. p. 200. 
 iMonall. 
 lug. T. I. 
 M&7- 
 
 fearls oF Sa- 
 Ikbury. 
 Hiflory of 
 Lacock. 
 
 f GtfoU, 
 Dugd. Bar. 
 T.i.p. 174, 
 
 Anns of the 
 Earl of Sa- 
 
 fUfD. 
 
 as the Champions were about to begin the 
 Duel, whilftthey withdrew to have their wea- 
 pons view’d and examin’d, unexpedledly came 
 an Order from the Ring, that the caufefhould 
 not be decided then, left the King fliould lofe 
 his right. In the mean time they compounded the 
 matter j the Earl agreeing to furreiider all his 
 right in the caftle to the Bifhop and his fuc- 
 ceiTors for ever, upon the receipt of 2^00 
 Marks. 
 
 fThe other ornaments of this place, in fhort, 
 are, the Library, built by Bifliop Je-wel^ and the 
 Chapter-houfe of a large odbagonal figure, fu- 
 ftain’d only by a fmall marble pillar in the mid- 
 dle; as aifo the College, built and endow’d by 
 Bifliop Ward for 10 Minifter’s widows. 
 
 In chat part of the Suburbs of Salisbury call’d 
 Harnham, flood the College de Faulxj which 
 was built by Giles de Bridport, Bifliop of this 
 place. An. Dom. 1260. for the entertainment 
 of feveral Scholars who retir’d hither upon ac- 
 count of fome diflui'bances at Oxford. Here, 
 they fludy’d Univerfity-Learning ; and, having 
 a teftimonial from their Chancellour of their 
 progrefs in Learning, frequently went to Ox- 
 ford and took their Degrees. And fo they con- 
 tinu’d even till Leland’s time, who, fpeaking 
 of ir, has thefe words : That part of thefe Scho- 
 lars remain in the College in Saresbyri, and have 
 two Chaplains to ferve the Church there dedicated to 
 S. Nicholas : the refidue fludy at Oxford^ &c. 
 
 Beyond this, is the great Bridge call’d Harn- 
 bam-bridge \ built by virtue of a privilege which 
 Richard Poor obtain’d of Henry ^ when New- 
 Sarum was incorporated, viz. That for the benefit 
 efthefaid City^ they changeand remove the ways and 
 bridges leading to it, and do therein what to them Jhall 
 feem meetyprovided it be without injury to any perfon. 
 in purfuance of thofe Powers, Robert Bingham, 
 his next fucceffbr, built this flately Bridge, An. 
 i24f I which I the rather cake notice of, be- 
 caule it made fuch a conflderable alteration in 
 Wilton, and this place j for by bringing the 
 great Weflern road this way, the firfl prefently 
 decay’d, and the latter ( which by the bye, 
 * Matthew IVefiminfier reckons a County of it felf 
 diftin^ from Wiltshire) daily improv’d.1 
 
 Salisbury had Earls very early, whofe pedi- 
 gree 1 will draw very fully and faithfully, out 
 of the Hiflory of Lacock. fNot to mention 
 Edrick, Duke of Mercia, whom Knighton ftiles 
 Earl of Salisbury j 1 Walter de Evereux Earl of 
 Rofmar in Normandy had by the munificence 
 of William the Conqueror very large poflefli- 
 ons in this (hire, which he bequeathed to his 
 younger ion Edward, firnamed of Salisbury, who 
 was born in England ; leaving his other lands 
 in Normandy, with the title of Earl of Rof- 
 mar, to t Walter his eldefl fon, whofe line not 
 long after was extind. This Edward of Salis- 
 bury flcurifii’d in the twentieth year of William 
 the Conqueror, and is often mention’d in Do- 
 mefday-book, but without the tide of Earl. 
 His fon Walttriown^Q^ a fmall raonaftery at Bra- 
 denfioke, and there, in his old age, after he had 
 had a fon call’d Patric, who was the firfl Earl 
 of Salisbury, by Sibilla de Cadurcis or Cbawortb • 
 he alfunj’d the habit of a fblack] Canon. This 
 Patric, the firfl Earl, was flain by Guy of Lu 
 iignian, A. D, 1169. in his return from a pil- 
 grimage to S. James of Compoftella, and was 
 I'ucceeded by his fon William, who died at Pa- 
 ris in the reign of Richard i, Ela his only 
 daughter (by the favour of the faid King Ri- 
 chard) was married to William Longfpee, fo fir- 
 naraed from the long fword which he ufually 
 wore, a natural fon of King Henry 2 ^ to 
 whom, upon this marriage with Ela, accrued 
 the title of Earl, and her Coat of Arms, viz,, 
 aiz.fix LionceUs Rampant Or. His Ion was alio call’d 
 
 Longfp,, from whom Henry 5. (being 
 offended, becaule he ftgnU himfdf with the CtefZ 
 and went to the Holy Wars, without his leave,) 
 took the title of Earl, and .the caftle of sf 
 "“'*i'''ftandinp;, pethfted in his 
 delign, and went into Egypt with S. Lewis Matt. Paril. 
 
 and, fighting valiantly in the P’ & - 
 
 Damiata, which '°5‘- 
 
 t^he Chrtftians had taken, died in the bed of 
 honour, a little before chat holy King was un- 
 '’ad a fon, call’d 
 
 alfo mu, am who did not enjoy the tide of 
 nari , and had only one daughter named Walilngham, 
 gam, who was, notwithftanding, call’d Coun-P- 74.- 
 c ^ c *.a'’sbury, and married to Hemt Lacy 
 Earl of Lincoln, by whom (he had one only 
 daughter, mz,. Alice the wife of Thamas Earl of 
 Lancalter ; who being outlawed. King Ed- 
 ward 2. feized the lands that (he had made over 
 to her husband : fome of which, -viz,. r«»- 
 hndge, mnterhoun, Ambreehury, and other ma- 
 nours. King Edward 5. gave to William de Words of*. 
 t acute in as full and ample manner as ever the Pro- Patent. 
 gt«‘tor, of Margaret Coumefi vf Saram held them. 
 
 And, at the fame time, he made the faid William 
 de Mmtacute, Earl of Sarum , and by the Girdino- 
 m of a fword the faid Earldom war veiled in him 
 and h,t heirs forever. This William was King 
 of the Ifle of Man ; and had two fons, William 
 who fucceeded his father in his honours, and 
 died without ilfue ; and John, a Knight, who 
 died before his brother, leaving by Margaret his 
 wife, daughter and heir of Thomas * de Mon- * „ 
 chermer, Earl of Salisbury, who hZgVjLT^ 
 time-(erver, and confpmng againft King Hen- 
 ry 4, was (lam at t Cirencefter, A. D. 1400 andt*'’’’*'®"’ 
 afterwards attainted of High Treafon. Notwich- 
 (tanding which, his fon Thomas was reftored in 
 blood and ellate ; being one of the greateft Ge- 
 nerals of his age, whether we confider his extra- 
 ordinary Diligence in whatever he undertook ; 
 his unwearied conftancy in purfjing, or his 
 qmcknefs in executing, all his Deligns. Whilil 
 he belieged Orleans in France, he was woun- 
 ded by a Dart from all Balift, of which he died IU.“™ento 
 
 A. D. 1428. Alice his only daughter was niar-"’“'"‘‘ 
 ried to Richard Nevil, to whom (he broughtP^t. 20 
 the title of Earl of Sarum, who following theP^'”’* 
 York-party, was taken Prifoner in the battle 
 of Wake field, and beheaded j He was fucceeded 
 by Richard his fon, Earl of Warwick and Salis- 
 bury ; who, taking delight in defperare Enter- 
 prifes, engaged his Country in a frc(h Civil 
 War, in which he loll his own life. Ifabella one 
 of his daughters was married to George Duke of 
 Clarence, brother to King Edward 4, by whom 
 he had a fon call’d Edward, who was unjufl- 
 ly beheaded in his childhood and innocence 
 by King Henry 7 ; and his filler Margaret (to 
 whom the title of Councefs of Salisbury was re- 
 llor’d ) fuffer’d the fame fate from Henry 8, 
 when (he was 70 years of age : according to 
 the ufual praaice among Princes, to put to 
 death or perpetually imprifon their kindred, up- 
 on flight furmizes, which at all times are eafily 
 rais’d ; that they and their pofferity may be 
 ellablifhedin the Throne. Ann,the other daugh- 
 ter of Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick and Sa- 
 lisbury, was wife to Richard 3, and, after (he 
 had born him Edward Prince of Wales (who 
 dy’d young, and whom Edward 4. made Earl 
 of Salisbury, ) (he her felf dy’d, not without 
 fufpicion of poyfon. From that time, this ho- 
 norary title ccaled, until, A. D. i6oy. the moll 
 potent Prince K. James fthe 1 111 dignify’d there- 
 with Rrforr Cecil (fecond fon of the Nellor of 
 our age and nation, William Cecil) for his great 
 Wifdom, and the eminent Services done there- 
 by to his King and Country ; whom (as I have 
 faid) he had before honour’d with the tides of 
 
 Baron 
 
lip 
 
 B E L GAL. 
 
 I 20 
 
 Baron Cecil of fijfemien, and Vifcount Cranburn, 
 for his extr.^c>^di^ary Diligence and Merir, in 
 promoting the publick Welfare of the King- 
 dom. rwhich honourable Titles defcended to 
 William his Son and heir whofe eldeft Son 
 Charles dying in the life rime of his Father, the 
 honour was next enjoyed by James his grand- 
 fon, who was father of James^thQ prefent Earl. 1 
 So much, concerning the Earls of Salisbury. 
 Weft-Dean, f^ot far from this place, is We(l-Dean^ the feat 
 of Sir John Evelyn Knight, of the Surrey-fa- 
 mily i and now, being devolved to a daughter, 
 is the poffeffion of the Right Honourable Eve- 
 Ijn^ Duke of Kingfton.T 
 
 Below Salisbury^ upon the Avon, is feated 
 Dunflon. DunSlon or Donketon, which is reported to be a 
 very ancient Burgh, and famous for the feat of 
 Bogo, com- Qgavofs of Southampton, who, being much cele- 
 moniy ^y the Bards for his Valour, is reckon’d 
 
 by the common People among oar great He- 
 Lar3gfor(a. j-ogg. fNot far from whence, is Langford, the 
 {lately feat of the Honourable the Hares, Vif- 
 counts Colrain in Ireland.l 
 
 Salisbury is every way encompafs’d with an 
 open Plain, except toward the eaft, on which 
 fide it hath the neighbourhood of the large Park 
 Clarendon, Clarendon, very commodious for keeping 
 and breeding of Deer, and once beautified with 
 a royal palace. Of this Park, and the twenty 
 groves therein, Michael Mafebertus L. L. D. made 
 the following Verfes : 
 
 LPobilis eft lucus, cervis clufura, * Saronam 
 Bropter, a claro vertice nomen habet. 
 Viginti bine nemorum, partito limite, bofeis 
 Ambitus tfi pajfus, mille cui^ue fuus. 
 
 A noble Park near Sarum’s (lately Town, 
 
 In form a mount’s clear top call’d Claren- 
 don. 
 
 Here twenty groves, and each a mile in 
 fpace. 
 
 With grateful (hades, at once protedl the 
 place. 
 
 fin the Park at Clarendon, are the footfleps 
 r^'uf and Royal Pahces, King-manour and ^een- 
 
 Queen-ma- And, befides the famous Parliament 
 nour. held here, in the time of Henry 2, another was 
 fummon’d to meet here by King Edward 2, 
 A- 1 517 5 but the Differences at that time be- 
 tween the King and the Barons were fo high, 
 that nothing of moment was tranfadled. This 
 place was honour’d in the time of King Charles 
 2, by giving the title of Earl to Edward Hide, 
 Baron of Hindon, Vifcount Cernbury, and Lord 
 Chancellor of England ; who, dying at Roan 
 in Normandy, wasfucceeded by his eldeft fon 
 Henry j by whofe death, the Titles are now en- 
 joyed by Edw»rdh\s eldeft fon. 
 
 Farle. Not far from Clarendon is Earle, where Sir 
 
 * This name 
 was made by 
 his own fan- 
 cy, as a Poet, 
 
 Stephen Fox, out of refpeA to this his native 
 place, founded an Flofpital for 6 old men and as 
 many old women ; with a Mafter who is to 
 teach a Free-fehool, and to officiate in the 
 Church ; which he alfo built from the ground a- 
 new (in the room of an old ruin’d Chapel, )and 
 procur’d it to be made Parochial. North of 
 this, is Frippsbury^ a very great entrenchment Frippsbu,y, 
 of a rude circular form ; it’s Diameter contain- 
 ing ;co large paces ; it is fingle-trench’d, but 
 the ditch is deep, and the rampire high. Only, 
 about 80 paces within the outer circumvalla- 
 cion, is a deep trench without a rampire. It 
 has but two entrances, one by the eaft, and the 
 other on the weft j and there is a probability 
 of it’s being Saxon .1 
 
 About fix miles north of Salisbury, on the 
 Plains, is to be feen infana fubfruBio (coufe Oceru’s 
 words) that is, a wild kind of ftrutfture. For with- ' 
 in a trench, are plac’d huge unhewn ftones in 
 three circles, one within another, in the figure 
 of a Crown, fome whereof are 28 foot in 
 height, and feven in breadth, on which others, 
 like Architraves, are born-up, fo that it feems 
 to be a hanging pile} from whence we call 
 it Stone-henge, as the ancient Hiftorians, from 
 it’s greacnefs, call’d it Gigantum Chorea, the Gi- 
 ants dance. fit is ficuaced on a riling ground, •‘‘tone-hen^ 
 environ’d with a deep trench, dill appearing, 
 and about 30 foot broad. From the plain, it 
 has had three entrances, the mod confiderable 
 of them lying north-eaft } at each of which 
 were rais’d^ on the out-fide of the trench, two 
 huge ftones gate-wife j parallel whereunco, on 
 the infide, were two others of lefs proportion. 
 
 After one has pafs’d this ditch, he afeends 
 yards before he comes at the Work it felf, 
 which confifts of 4 Circles of Stones. The out- 
 ward Circle is about loofoot diameter, the 
 ftones whereof are very large ; 4 yards in height, 
 two in breadth, and one in thicknefs. Two 
 yards and a half within this great Circle, is a 
 range of lelfer ftones. Three yards further is 
 the principal part of the Work, call’d by Mr. 
 
 Inigo Jones, The Cell, of an irregular figure made 
 up of two rows of Stones; the outer of which 
 confifts of great upright ftones, in height 20 
 foot, in breadth 2 yards, and in thicknefs one 
 yard. Thefe are coupled at the top, by large 
 cranfome ftones like Architraves, which are 7 
 foot long, and about three and a half thick. 
 
 Within this, was alfo another range of leffcr 
 Pyramidal (tones, of about 6 foot in height. 
 
 In the inmoft part of the Cell, Mr. Jones ob- 
 ferv’d a (lone (which is now gone ) appear- 
 ing not much above the furface of the earth, 
 and lying toward the eaft, 4 foot broad and 
 fixceen foot long ; which was his fuppos’d AU 
 tar-fione^ But feeing it cannot fully be de-. 
 feribed by words, I have here fubjoyn’d the Scul- 
 pture of it. 
 
 Our 
 
WILTSHIRE. 
 
 122 
 
 Sion^ caMJ t-x.’I'ann.iPe^h. 
 3.4. fbat y ir-geni, (trul- j -mutiei 
 
 c^lil Cofonettj", f Of yTonn 
 J^he -place icAet- e.=^ M.enr banes- are dug 
 
 Atttficul 
 
 Rocks. 
 
 Our country-men reckon this atnong the 
 wonders of the Nation. For it is unaccounta- 
 ble, how fuch ftones fhould come there (feeing 
 all that country wants ordinary ftones for build- 
 ing i ) and by what means they were raifed . Of 
 thefe things I fliall not attempt any exa(ft ac- 
 count, but only lament, that the founders of 
 this noble Monument cannot be traced out. 
 Yet it is the opinion of fome, that thefe ftones 
 are not natural or fuch as are dug out of the 
 Quarries, but artificial, of fine fand cemented 
 together by a glewy fort of matter,* like thofe 
 monuments which I have ieen in Yorkfhire. 
 And this is no new thing: for do we not read 
 in Pliny, that the fand of Tutecli, if cover’d 
 with water, is prefently turn’d into ftone? and 
 that the Cillerns at Rome being made of fand 
 and ftrong lime, are fo tempered, chat they 
 feem to be real ftone? and that fmall pieces of 
 marble have been fo cemented, that ftacues 
 made of it have beCQ taken for one entire piece 
 of marble? [However, others who have view- 
 ed them (and particularly Mr. Inigo Jones, 
 who hath written an entire Difeourfe concern- 
 ing them) affirm, that they are purely natu- 
 
 ral! The Tradition is, that Athbrofius Aurelia- 
 nus, pr Uther his brother, eretfted it by the 
 help of Merlin the Mathematician, in memo- 
 ry of the Britains there flain by treachery, in a 
 conference with the Saxons. From whence A- 
 lexander Necham, a Poet of the middle age, 
 in a poetical way, but without any great fancy, 
 made the following verfes; grounding them on 
 the Britifh Hiftory of Geoffrey, 
 
 Hobilis efi lapidum ffruBura^ Chorea Gigantuml 
 Ars experta fuum pojfe^ peregit opus. 
 
 ^od ne prodiret in lucem fegnius, artem 
 5f, 'virefque fuas confuluijfe reor. 
 
 Hoc opus adferibit Merlino garrula fama^ 
 
 FiUa figments fabula vanarefert. 
 
 Ilia congerie fertur decorata ftiffe 
 
 Ttl'-us^ c^ua mittit tot Palamedis aveSi 
 Hinc tantum munus fufeepit Hibernia gaudens, 
 Nam 'virtus lapidi cu ‘ibet ampla fatis. 
 
 Nam refperfus a^uis magnam transfandit in Hid 
 Vim, i^ueis curari japius ager eget. 
 
 XJther Tendragon molem tranfvexit ad Ambri 
 Fines ^ deviHo viBor ab hofie means* 
 
 Q 
 
 0 
 
1 1 .'. 
 
 B E L Q AL. 
 
 ■'4 
 
 O nfuot nobiliuMy e^uct corpora facra virorum, 
 jUic Hcn^tjti -proditione jacent 
 Inlercepta fait gtns inclyta, gens generofa 
 InterceftHy nimis credula, cauta minus, 
 Sed tunc enituit praclari ConfuUs Eldol 
 yirtusj qui htho feptujginta dedit. 
 
 The Giant's Dance^ the ever famous pile^ 
 Where painful Art hath fliew’d her deepeft 
 skill. 
 
 OU rtories this afcribe to Merlins fpells. 
 
 And prating Fame the mighty wonder te-lls. 
 At flirt the monftrous work in Scythia rtood. 
 Thence joyful Ireland took the happy load. 
 For all the Scones fonie ufeful fecrets have, 
 And rteep’d in waters, healing virtues leave. 
 Renown’d Pendragon from the conquer’d Ifle 
 Remov’d to plains his wondrous fpoil. 
 
 Of what brave fouls are there the reliques 
 laid. 
 
 By wicked HengiH's treacherous arts betray’d ! 
 Scout hearts they had, and ftrengcb unmacch’d 
 in war, 
 
 But too much credit, and too little care. 
 
 Yet furious E/iior here his valour lliow’d, 
 
 And clear’d his way with fev’my Traytors 
 blood. 
 
 any other nation had fo much footing in this 
 kingdom, as to be Authors of fuch a huge and 
 magniflcent pile. For, to pafs by the Phcg. 
 nici-tns i that it could nor be built by the Ro- 
 mans, is evident from the radenefsof the whole 
 work. So then (as t Mr. Juhey has very welU ju 
 obferv’d) ivbilfi Mr, Jones pleafes himfelf 'ivith 
 trieving a piece of ArchitcBure oui of Vitruvius he 
 ahtifes his reader by a falfe fcheme of the whole work. 
 For the Cell Is not of an exadf figure* 
 
 but very irregular, and comes nearer a Heptagon^' 
 fo that the whole work cannot be form’d upon 
 the bafis of four equilateral triangles, as Mr. 
 Jones fuppos’d. Neither are the entrances into 
 the trench fo regular and fo equidiftanr, asthat 
 Author would make them. Till thefeand fome 
 other doubts (which may be rais’d from the 
 Order of the building) be refolv’d, and till we 
 are alTur’d from good authority, that the Ro- 
 mans us’d to build fuch ftupendous piles, 6 or 
 7 miles from any of their Stations (no Infcrip- 
 cion nor Roman coin being found near this ;) 
 it cannot be fafe to clofe with Mr. Jones^ cho’ 
 his Book oiherwife is a learned and ingenious 
 
 Opinions con- 
 cernin^Ston:- 
 hcftge. 
 
 Penes Dorn, 
 Pafchal. 
 
 Stonehenge 
 
 Brkilfi. 
 
 Others relate, chat the Britains built this as 
 a magnificent monument for the fame Ambrcfi- 
 ys, in the place where he was flain by the Ene- 
 my ; that this Pile might be as it were an Altar 
 ereded at the publick charge, to the eternal 
 memory of his Valour. 
 
 fThis celebrated piece of Antiquity hath 
 engaged the Pens of feveral curious and lear- 
 ned Perfons ; and almoft as many as have 
 written, have fallen into feveral and diftind 
 .Opinions concerning the Oecajton and Antiqui- 
 ty of it. Which Opinions, with fome few 
 remarks upon them, it may not be improper 
 to fubjoin ; and fuch a (hort view, is all that 
 the nature of our prefent defign will admit. 
 The opinions about it may be reduc’d to thefe 
 7 heads ; i. That it is a work of the Phoenici- 
 ans, as Mr. Sammes in his Britannia conceits \ a 
 conjedure, that has met with fo little approba- 
 tion, that I fliall not flay to confute it. 2. That 
 it was a Temple of the Druids long before the 
 coming-in of theRomans^ which Mr. 
 brey^ Fellow of the Royal Society, endeavours 
 to prove in his Manuferipe Treatife, entitled 
 Monumenta Britannica. g. That it was an old 
 Triumphal Bricifii Monument, ereded to Ana- 
 raiib the Goddefs of Vidory, after a bloody 
 battle won by the illuftricus Stanings and his 
 Cangick Giants, againft Divitiacus and his Bel- 
 ga-, and that the Captives and Spoils were fa- 
 ciificed to the faid Idol in this Temple. An 
 opinion advanced (upon what grouncis 1 know 
 not) in an anonymous MS. written about the 
 yeari666. 4. That it was a monumonc rais’d 
 by the Britains in memory of Queen Boadicia , 
 which is advanced by the Author of ISJero-Cafar. 
 y. 3. hat it was a Temple, built by the Romans 
 to the God Ccelum or Terminus, of the Tufean 
 order ; which is Mr. Jones\ opinion in his in- 
 genious Conjedures upon this fubjed. 6. That 
 it was the burial-place of Uther Pmdragon, Con- 
 ftantine^ Amhrofms, and other Bricifii Kings ; or, 
 as others would have it, a monument fet-up by 
 Ambrofiusin memory of the Britains flain here. 
 7. That it was a Danifli monument, ereded 
 either for a burial-place, or as a trophy for fome 
 vidory, or for the eledion and coronation of 
 their Kings. 
 
 Thefe are all the Opinions, that have been 
 advanc’d about it. And in general, I think, 
 we need not fcruple to affirm, chat it is a Bri- 
 tifti monument, fmee it does not appear that 
 
 pit.ee. 
 
 Nor could it be built by the Danes; as forNotDjsii 
 many other reafons, fo particularly bccaufe it 
 :is mention’d in fome Manufcripcs of Hmnius', 
 who, as every body knows, wrote almort 200 
 years before the Danes were Mafters of any 
 confiderable part of this Ifland. Other argu- 
 ments which make againft this, may be found 
 in Mr. Webb’s Vindication of Stonehenge refiord, 
 wherein he hath endeavour’d, with great Lear- 
 ning, to defend his father-in-law, M.r, Jones’s 
 Scheme; tho’ chat is in it fdf falfe. 
 
 One great argument by which Mr. Jms 
 eftabliflies his own opinion, is, that it is a thing 
 altogether improbable, that the Britains could 
 build fuch a Monument. But the contrary is evi- 
 dent from the fortifications of Caracacus’s Camp; 
 from the vaft ftones mention’d by Dr. P/on to 
 be in or near the Bricifii city or fortification 
 hard by JVrotteJley in Scaffordfliire ; and from 
 the parcels of ftones (not unlike Stonekngt) 
 that are in fome parts of Scotland and Wales, 
 whither the Romans and Danes never came. 
 
 It ia true, thofe monuments have not their Ar- 
 chitraves ( which Stonehenge has, not only in the 
 ftones round the Ceil, but alfoon the great {tones 
 of the utmoft circle ;) and this makes it pro- 
 bable, that Stonehenge was built after the Ro- 
 mans came in, and in imitation of fome of 
 their ftrutrtures ; tho’, as to the general part of 
 the work, it appears to have been unartificial, 
 and favours of their primitive rudenefs. For 
 that the Britains, among other parts of Huma- 
 nity and Elegance, learn’d fomeching of Ar- 
 chittBure from the Romans, is plain from the 
 life of Agricola, 
 
 In that other point, namely, the Occafion 
 on which it was built ; it is eafier to confute 
 thofe Opinions chat have already appear’d, chan 
 CO deliver a true one. There is no authority to 
 convince us of the truth of what Nero-Cafar, or 
 Mr. Pafchal’s MS. have laid down; and it is 
 not eafy to aflent to the later Bricilh Writers, 
 who cell us it was the fopulchre of the Britilh 
 Kings, or elfe rais’d in memory of the Britains 
 here maiTacred by the Saxons. For, not to men- 
 tion the improbability of what thefe Authors 
 have deliver’d, they tell us further, that the 
 Kings bury’d,or Britains martyr’d, in this place, 
 were Chrirtjans. Now, if fo, it is ftrange, 
 that there fiiould be no Croft, nor any ociier 
 token of the Ciniftian Faith, about this monu- 
 ment. What reafon c.in be given, why the 
 furviving friends of thefe Princes and Noble- 
 men, fhouid not be fo careful of their memory, 
 as they of the fame age were of King Arthur’s, 
 
12 ^ 
 
 WILTSHIRE. 
 
 126 
 
 in whofe monument at GlalTcnbury was found 
 fo Infcription ? But what makes more 
 
 acainft this opinion, are the aflies and pieces 
 of burnt bones frequently found here ^ by which 
 it is plain, that it could be no ChriBian burial- 
 place i fince facrifices_j and the cuftom of burn- 
 ing the dead, grew out of ufe, upon the re- 
 ceiving of the Chriftian Faith. 
 
 For the Name-., Leland^s opinion that theBri- 
 tifh one, Choir gaure, fiiould not be tranflaced 
 ‘ gigantum, a Choir of Giants, but Chorea 
 nohilis, a noble Choir ; or elfe that gaure is put 
 for vaure^ which makes it Chorea tnagnaj a great 
 Choir; is probable enough. But the true Sax- 
 on name feems to be Stanhengefi (and fo it is 
 iTom I. written in the t Monafticon, out of a Manu- 
 I97. ' ' fcripcof good authority,) from the memorable 
 ** flaughter which HengiJI the Saxon here made 
 of the Britains. For tho’ it is not very proba- 
 ble, that they were eredfed by Ambrofius in me- 
 mory of the Britains ; yet without doubt that 
 treacherous flaughcer was made at or near this 
 place. If this Etymology may be allow’d, 
 then that other receiv’d derivation from the 
 hanging of the ftones, may be as far from the 
 truth, as that of the vulgar, Stone-edge, from 
 Stones fet on edge. However, it is not likely, that 
 by the Heef^anne Byn5elpe mention’d in the 
 Saxon Chartulary of Wilton-Abbey, Stone- 
 henge is to be meant, as the Editors of the Mo- 
 would have it. For, not only the words 
 may be well attributed to any Barrow rais’d by 
 the Romans or Danes (by the latter efpecially, 
 who are often call’d in the Saxon Annals Fla:- 
 ]jene-men, and accordingly by Latin Writers. 
 Tagani;) but the bounds alfo of thofe places, 
 where this Taganorum je^ulchretum is noted for a 
 Land-mark, could never extend fo far by a 
 great many miles, as to Stone-henge. But, which 
 foever of thefe Opinions is true ; thefe two 
 things are certain ; 1 Thar, fas we obferved be- 
 fore,! men’s bones are frequently dug-up here ; 
 and that a village hard by which lies upon the 
 Ambrcsbury, Avon, is called Ambreshury, that is, Ambrofe’s 
 Town, fby Matthew Weftminfter Tagus Ambri:,‘] 
 where, as the Briiifh Hiftory tells us, fome anci- 
 ent Rings lie buried : and the Eulogium relates, 
 that here was a Monaftery of 500 Monks, fto 
 pray for the fouls of thofe who were (lain by 
 the treachery of Hengift ; 1 which Monaftery 
 was deftroy’d by a barbarous villain, one Gur- 
 mundus, fwhom no body elfe ever heard of. It 
 is alfo faid to have been the burial-place of 
 ^inever, wife to the vidlorious Ring Arthur, 
 whofe tomb was found here within the lait 
 Century, and this Infcription on the wall in 
 malfy-gold letters R. G. A. C. 600. The an- 
 tiquity of which is very fufpicious, not only 
 becaufe, by this computation, file muft have 
 liv’d almoft ^■o years after Ring Arthur ; but 
 alfo becaufe leveral Hiftarians of good credit 
 affirm that file was bury’d at GlaJJinbury.'\ Al- 
 fritha wifeto Ring Edgar fto expiate-her crime, 
 in killing her fon-in-law RingEdward, by pe- 
 nance and good works) built and endow’d a 
 llately Nunnery in this place : PFlcre, alfo, 
 was a Synod held in Ring Edgar’s reign ; and 
 here, A. D. 99J. Elfric was eleded Archbifiiop 
 of Canterbury. It enjoy’d great Privileges at 
 the time of the Conqueft ; for in Domefday- 
 book we find, AmbUsbury nune^mm gcldavit, nec 
 bidata fuit. in the year 1177. the Abbefs and 
 ;o Nuns were, for their incontinence and loofe 
 lives, expell’d, and difpers’d into other Religi- 
 ous Houfes, to be kept under llrider difcipline ; 
 whereupon Ring Flenry gave this Monaftery 
 to the Abbey of Ecnttvrelt, and a Convent ol 
 thofe Nuns were lent ever the fame year, and 
 admitted into full pofTefiion of this Abbey. Af- 
 
 ter, it came to be in great repute, and Mary, 
 daughter of R. Edward r, and 13 Noblemen's 
 daughters, were veil’d here on Afiunption- 
 day, A. D. iiSf as afterwards alfo. Queen 
 Eleanor Widow of King Henry the third, re- 
 nouncing all Royal Pomp, devoted Imr felf to 
 God here among the Nuns. Ambrofius Aureli- AmbroliuD 
 anus (who gave name to the place) in the de- 
 cay of the Roman Empire took upon him the 
 Government of Britain, as P. Diaconus reports, 
 and fuccour’d his finking Country, and by the 
 alliftance of the valiant Arthur repell’d the af- 
 faults of the Enemy ; conquering great ar- 
 mies compofed of clie moft warlike nations of 
 Germany : and, at length, in a fet battle upon 
 thefe plains, he loft his life in the fervice of his 
 Country. But Gildas and Bede write, that his 
 t Anceltors were * Emperors, and fiain here ; + 
 and if fo, why may not I poficively affirm 
 he was defeended from that Conftanrine, 
 
 (in the fourth Confulfiiip of Theodofius the 
 younger, from the hope they had that good for- 
 tune would attend the name,) was chofen Em- 
 peror in Britain, and afterwards murder’d at 
 Arles? 
 
 About four miles from Ambreshury, on this 
 fide the Avon, is a warren commonly called E~ 
 verly-Warren •, where is a great breed of hares, Everly-War* 
 which afford the recreation of Hunting to 
 neighbouring Gentry. But the number is not 
 fo great, as that the adjacent inhabitants are 
 forced to demand a guard of foldiers againll 
 them; as Pliny repo'ts that the inhabitants of 
 the Bd/wre/ did ; alcho’ they are alike mifehie^ 
 vous to the Harvefts. fThis was the country- 
 feat of King Ina ; above which^ in the way to 
 
 Lurgefhall, on the Higheft hill in Wiltfiiire, call’d 
 Sutbbury-hill, is a vaft fortificacion, encompalb’d5^'"^‘^'’>’‘ 
 with two deep ditches, and of an ova! figure. 
 
 All along the declivity of the hill, there runs a 
 deep trench ditch’d on both fides^ ; made, pro- 
 bably, tofecure their communication with fome 
 watering-place in the neighbouring Bourn. It 
 plainly appears to have been a Danifii Camp, 
 whereby they feem to have commanded all this 
 part of the Country ; and fix or feven barrows 
 in the plain beneath, may be thought to pre- 
 fervethe memory of a battle here.*! Near this 
 is Lutgcrpall, heretofore the Caftle of Gef/rey Lutgerlliall. 
 FUz,-Ttters the rich Earl of Ejjex, and Lord 
 Chief Juftice of England. fNigh to which, is 
 Efccurt, where (not far from a great Cauley Efcourt. 
 fuppos’d to be a Roman Vicinal way) there 
 was dug-up, in the year 1693, a large earthen 
 veffel with two leffer pots in it ; one of which 
 was full of afhes, or bones. The largeft of 
 thefe migiit probably be an 1| Obruendarium 
 the Romans, wherein they inclos’d their Audoies 
 la Cineraria, &c. About four miles north of this Agrarios. 
 place, is Gnat Bedwyn, which in the Saxon- 
 times * was the Metropolis of the Bounds of CiJJa, * Monaft. 
 a Viceroy of Wih[hire and Berk(hire, under Hii*. 
 
 Ring of the Weft-Saxons. This CiJJa built a 
 Caftle in the fouch part of that city, and call’d 
 it Cijfe ; the ditches of which are yet to be feen. 
 
 Flere it was, that Wulfere and Ejewin fought a 
 bloody battle, An. dyy ; and the place has been 
 honour’d in our age, by giving to the world the 
 moft famous Phyfician of his time Dr. Themas 
 Willis. Not far from hence, is Tokenham, a leac Xoj^enbam. 
 of the Duke of Somerfet ; 1 and Wolf-hall, the Woifbail. 
 feat of the noble family of the Sehmurs or de 
 SanBo Mauro, who became Lords of great pol- 
 fefiions in tins County by marriage with an 
 heirefs of the EBurmies, who bore Argent, three gnurmy or 
 Demi-Lions Gul. and had been, ever fince thesturmy. 
 time of Henry 2, hereditary Bailiffsand Keep- 
 ers of the neighbouring Foreft of Savernac (fa- Savernsc- 
 mous for plenty cf game^ and for a fort offoreil, 
 
 fweet-’ 
 
r'27 
 
 B E LG J±. 
 
 I2!i 
 
 fweec-fmeiling Fern.) In memory wiiereof, thejr 
 great Hunting-horn, tip’d with filver, is ftill 
 preferv’d by the Sdmoitrs. 
 
 TBeing how return’d to the banks of the Avon, 
 Uphaven. Upbaven, for which Peter de Man- 
 
 /> procur’d a weekly market of Henry by 
 prefenting to him a Palfrey. About a mile to 
 Cafterly. the weft is a large irregular Camp call’d Cafier- 
 ly : it has but a fingle trench ; and the name 
 feems to point-out to us fomething of Roman. 
 Merdon. About two miles north-weft, is Merdon, which 
 might probably enough be the CQejie-une or 
 cpepeoune in the Saxon Annals ; famous for the 
 battle between King Etheldred and the Danes. 
 For here remain to this day the marks of en- 
 trenchments, and the largeft barrow in thefe 
 |)arts, except ; together with the Tradi- 
 
 tion of a fight, and of fome great man’s being 
 bury’d under the barrow.l 
 
 f Eaftward, A little more f weftward, the river Cunetio, 
 by the Saxons called Cynecan, but vulgarly 
 Rennet, riv. Rennet, rifes near a village of the fame name ; 
 
 which fome would have to be the Cunetio men- 
 tion’d by Antoninus : but the Diftances on both 
 Selbury. fides contradidl that affertion. Here Selburj, a 
 round hill, juft now mention’d, rifes to a confide- 
 rable height, and feems by the fafiiion of it, and 
 by the Aiding down of the earth about it, to have 
 been caft-upby men’s hands. Of this fort there are 
 many in this County, round and copped, which 
 Burrows or ®re call’d Burrows or Barrows •, perhaps raifed 
 Barrows! in memory of the Soldiers flain there. For bones 
 are found in them and 1 have read, that it 
 •was a cuftom among the Northern People, that 
 every Ibldier who furviv’d a Battle, fhould 
 bring a Helmet full of Earth toward the raifing 
 t’. Monuments for their flain Fellows. Tho’ 
 I rather think tliis 5f/^«7-hiIl to have been 
 made for a Boundary, if not by the Romans, 
 yet by the Saxons, as well as the ditch call’d 
 Wodenfdlke ^ feeing there were frequent battles 
 in this country between the Mercians and Weji- 
 In his Qto- Saxons about their limits ; and Boetius, and the 
 metry. Writers who treat of Surveying, tell us, that 
 fuch heaps were often raifed tor Land- marks. 
 FThis is the largeft, and moft uniform barrow 
 in the County, and perhaps in all England. 
 Upon what account it was rais’d, we have no 
 light from antiquity j the tradition is, that King 
 Sill or King Silber was bury’d here, which, if 
 compared with Hiftory, comes neareft to Ceol 
 King of the Weft-Saxons, who might pofTibly 
 be fiain hereabouts, as his Uncle and Predecef- 
 for Ceaulin was Aain 7 iX.Wodenfdike ; unlefs one 
 Ihould fay that it comes from j-el great and 
 Several forts bcopg a bill Or barrow. Upon thefe Downs, are 
 oi barrows, feveral forts of Barrows, i. Small circular trench- 
 es with very little elevation in the middle. 
 2. Ordinary barrows. 3. Barrows with ditches 
 round them. 4. Large oblong barrows, fome 
 with trenches round them, others without, y. Ob- 
 long barrows with ftones fet-up all round them. 
 It is very probable, that few, or none, of thefe 
 are land-marks. 
 
 Aubiiry, - About half a mile from Stlbury, is Auhury, j] a 
 il Aubr. Mon. monument more confiderable in it felf, than 
 Brit. MS. ijnown to the world. For a village of the fame 
 name being built within the circumference of it, 
 and (by the way) out of it’s ftones too what 
 by gardens, orchards, inclofures, and the like, 
 tire profpeift is fo interrupted, that it is very 
 hard to difcover the form of it. Iris environed 
 with an extraordinary Vallum or Rampire, as 
 great and as high as that at Winchefter j and, 
 within it, is a graft of a depth and breadth 
 proportionable : from which we may infer, that 
 it could not be defign’d for a fortification, be- 
 caufe then the Graff would have been on the 
 outfide. From the north to the fourh port are 
 60 paces, and as many from the weft port to 
 
 the eaft. The breadth of the rampire is four 
 perches, and that of the graft the fame. The 
 graff hath been furrounded, all along the edge 
 of it, with large ftones pitch’d on end, moft 
 of which are now taken away but fome marks 
 remaining, give liberty for a Conjedure, that 
 they flood quire round. 
 
 From this place to Wefi-Kennet,-\ a, walkfAulir.ii,: 
 that has been enclos’d on each fide with large 
 ftones ; one fide, at prefent, wants a great many, 
 but the other is almoft, if not wholly, entire; 
 above which place, on the brow of the hill, is 
 another Monument, encompafs’d with a circu- 
 lar trench, and a double circle of ftones, four 
 or five foot high, tho’ moft of them are now 
 fallen down; the diameter of the outer circle 
 is 40 yards, and of the inner, ly. Between 
 PVefi-Kennet and this place, is a walk much like 
 that from Auhury thither, atleaft a quarter of a 
 mile in length. About 80 yards from this mo- 
 nument, in an exad Plain round ir, there were 
 fome years ago great quantities of human bones 
 and skeletons dug-up ; which probably were 
 the bones of the Saxons and Danes fiain at the 
 battle of Rennet, A. D. 1006. In the plough’d 
 field near Rennet, ftand three huge upright 
 ftones, caWd the Devil^s costs-, which (if * Dr. Tlie Devil's 
 Plot’s opinion be true) may be Britifli Deicies,'°‘^:. 
 Upon thefouth-fide of the Rennet, on the eaft oSjj/ 
 part of t)\t Marttnfall-h\\\, is a fingle-trench’dch.iay’io, 
 quadrangular Camp ; the form whereof argues Martenftl. 
 it to be Roman ; and a brafs Coiil of Conjian- 
 fw which was found near this hill, ftrengchens 
 that Conjedure. 
 
 On the north fide of the Avon, are barrows, 
 
 &c. fcatter’d all over the Downs. That large 
 oblong barrow in Munkton-field, call’d Milbar-yii\^tm,- 
 row, is more efpecially remarkable, as being 
 environ’d with great ftones about 6 or 7 foot 
 high. And, in this, as well as in all other cir- 
 cumftances, it is fo like thofe which 1| 
 deferibes^ that there is no doubt, but it was the 
 Sepulchre of fome Danifh Commander. About 
 four miles north from hence, is Barbury-cafle,^^^^n'- 
 feared on the top of a high hill, and 
 pafs’d with a double ditch ; the vaft fortifica- 
 tion whereof, the barrows on the adjicent 
 plain, the fimilitude of names, the courfe and 
 time of the Saxon Vidories, with all ocher cir- 
 ciimftances, feem to point out this as the Be- 
 panbyjng, where Renrick King of the Weft- 
 Saxons and his fon Ceaulin fought againftthe 
 Bricains, in the year yy6. Befides, the modern 
 name of this place comes much nearer to Be- 
 panbypig, than Banbury doth, where this Bat- ■v.Orfoti- 
 tie hath been fixed. For it is obfervable, tint (hire. 
 
 {an) when it is in the fecond fyllable of the 
 Saxon name of a place, is generally left out, 
 in our modern pronunciation. So Babianby- 
 P15 is now Badbury, Opepanuune now Merton, 
 Occanpopb now Osford, Exanceapeep now Ex^ 
 cefier. Nor is it at all probable, that the Saxons 
 could carry their Conquefts fo far as the bor- 
 ders of Norchamptonfhire, by that year. Add 
 to this, chat the name of Banepbypig is not 
 to be found in any Copy of the Saxon Chro- 
 nicle ; fo that an argument drawn from thence, 
 is of no force. But now let us follow the 
 courfe of the Rennet.~\ At firft it runs through 
 fields, wherein are abundance of rocky ftones 
 ftanding-up (from whence there is a village 
 call d Rockley,) Among thefe ftones there noWRockkp 
 and then breaks out water on a fudden like a 
 
 * Land-flood, which the Counrry-people call*r^"wW'^_ 
 
 Hungerborn ; believing it a Prognoftick of great 
 fcarcicy. From thence the Rennet runs to 
 town of its own name, call’d Cunetio by Anto- 
 ninus, and placed 20 miles from Verlucio- Ac 
 which diftance, the old town, called by the^ 
 new name of Marleborcucb i heretofore Kennec- 
 
129 
 
 Marga. 
 
 WILTSHIRE. 
 
 130 
 
 herge^tand in the Saxon Annals M$plbeopge,)T 
 is feated along the fide of a hill from eaft to 
 weft, upon the banks of the river Cunetio. I 
 lhall not pretend to determine, whether this 
 new name came from Marga^ which in our 
 language we call Marle^ and ufe it for the 
 improvement of our Lands. But this is cer- 
 tain, that it lies at the foot of a hill of white 
 Hone, which our Forefathers called Marie, 
 before they had borrowed the word Chalk 
 from the Latin Calx. The derivation of this 
 place from Merlins Tomb, which Alexander 
 JSlechatn, in his book of Divine Wifdom, ham 
 merM out in this Diftich, is ridiculous ; 
 
 Merlini tumulus tihi Merlehrigia nomcn 
 Fecit, teHis erit AngUca lingua mihi. 
 
 ~~ — Great Merlins grave 
 
 The name to Marlborough in Saxon 
 gave. 
 
 TThe Caflle here Teems to have been a Ro- 
 man work, by the brafs Roman Coins that 
 were found in fhaping the Mount, now be- 
 longing to the Duke of Somerfet ^ which was 
 contrived out of the Keep of the Caftle.l 
 The Hiftory of the Fortune, as well as the 
 Name and Antiquity, of this were all 
 
 bury^'d in oblivion, from the coming-in of the 
 Saxons, to the Norman Conqueft ; for in that 
 interval, not fb much as it’s name occurs in 
 any of our Annals, fexcepc the reverfe of a 
 *Vit. ^Ifre* * Saxon Coin, on which is engraven CVFl 
 di,X.3.n.3o. NET 'i' Tl. ; and the learned Anno- 
 tator’s obfervation, is, that it is to be meant 
 of Cunetium.'] In the next Age, we read, that 
 John, firnamed Sine terra or Lack-land, who 
 was afterwards King of England, had a Ca- 
 flle here, which in his rebellion againft his 
 brother King Richard I. was taken by Hubert 
 Archbilhop of Canterbury. The thing that 
 it was afterwards moll famous for, was, the 
 f 52 Hen. 3. great t Parliament here alTembled, which u- 
 nanimoufly made a Law for the lupprefling 
 of Riots, commonly call’d Statutum de Marle- 
 * Ann. \ 6 o’j.boroiv. This Caftle is * now, by the injury of 
 
 dridge) was advanced by King William and 
 Queen Mary to the Dignity of Earl of Marl- 
 borough ; and by Queen Anne, in the year 
 1702, was honoured with the title of Marquifs SeeSlen- 
 of Blandford and Duke of Marlborough, and with^«^> /n Ox- 
 other fignal Favours fince ; which he had 
 highly merited by a long courfe of the greateft 
 and moll important Services that a Subjetft: 
 could perform to his Prince and Country. 
 WhichHonours, in default of ilTue-male, have, 
 fince the death of his only Son, John, lliled 
 Marquifs of Blandford (a youth of very great 
 hopes) been fettled, fucceffively, upon the fe- 
 veral daughters of the faid Duke, and their 
 ilTue i according to the tenor of a particular 
 Statute, made for that purpofe.l 
 On the fame fide of this river, lies 
 bury, a fmall village, now only famous for 
 it’s pleafanc meadows tho’ once honoured 
 with the See of a Blfhop, who wasDiocefan 
 of this County ; but the See being joyn’d to 
 Sbirburnhy Herman the eighth Bifhop, wasWil. Mai- 
 atlaft (as I have faid before) tranftated to ‘if 
 
 Salisbury, and carried with it all the Glory 
 from this place 3 becaufe at Ramcsbery there 
 was neither a Chapter of the Clergy, nor any thing 
 for their maintenance. On the other fide the 
 river, more to the Eaft, is Littlecot, to beLittlecot, 
 mention’d on account ot John Popham Lord 
 of it, who, being Chief Jultice of the King’s 
 Bench, difcharged that Office with the great- 
 eft applaufe 3 as I have faid before. 
 
 Hitherto, we have furveyed the County of 
 JVilts 3 which, as it is in Domefday-book (for 
 I do not think it improper to note this) paid 
 the King 10 1 . for an Hawk, 20 s. for a Sump- 
 ter-horfe, one hundred (hillings and five -f Ores forj 
 Hay. 1 am wholly ignorant what fort of 
 ney thefe Ores were 3 only, thus much I ^tat. 
 have obferved out of the Regifter of Bur- 
 ton-Abbey, that 20 Ores were worth 2 marks 
 of filver. ^ 
 
 The Earls of this Shire have been but 
 (tho’ of divers Families,) befides chofe of 5.2- ^ * 
 
 Usbury, which I have mention’d before. For, 
 excepting WeolfibanhQ^OTQ the Norman Con- 
 queft, [and Echelhelm, about the year 886,1 
 it had none, that I know of, till Richard the 
 
 H Lapis obfi- 
 iianus. 
 
 time, nothing but ruins3 there are only, with- _ 
 
 in the Ditch, fome few remains of the Walls, 2‘^’s time 3 who advanc’d William le Scrope to 
 and near it, an Ale-houfe, with a Caftle for; that honour: but this man’s grandeur flood 
 the fign. But the inhabitants boaft of nothing ; and fell with his Prince ; for when that King 
 more, than of the Font (probably of y Touch-! was dethron’d, this Earl was beheaded. Not 
 ftone) in the neighbouring Church of Pre-j many years after, he was fucceeded by 
 Jhut 3 in which, as the tradition goes among '.Bat/er Earl of Ormond, who was raifed to 
 them, feveral Princes were baptifed. And 1 this diginty jay King Henry 6, 
 cannot omit what I have read, namely, chat 
 Give?, C. every Free-man, by ancient cuftom, * gave 
 to the Mayor, at his admiflion, a couple of 
 Greyhounds, two white Capons, and a white 
 Bull. TNow, they only pay Tomeching in 
 money, in lieu of it 3 but the Arms ot the 
 Town plainly point to this cuftom, being 
 blazon’d thus : Tarty per faltier Gules and A- 
 zure, on the firfi quarter Gules a Bull Arg. on the 
 fecond Azure a Cock or Capcn Arg. the third as the 
 fecond, and on the baje Gules are three Grey-hounds 
 currant Arg. between two Rofes Gules. This 
 place afforded the title of Earl to James Lord 
 
 Earls. 
 
 But when 
 
 the Ho"ufe of Lancafter was in a declining 
 condition, he was attainted 3 and King Ed- 
 ward 4. conferr’d this title on John Stafford, 
 younger fon of Humphrey Duke of Bucking- 
 ham, to whom Tucceeded his fon Edward, 
 who died without iffue. King Henry 8. af- 
 terwards beftow’d this honour upon Henry 
 Stafford, defcended from the Buckingham-fa- 
 mily, who, having for Tome rime enjoy’d this 
 title, died without iffue. Ac laft, it came 
 CO the family of the Bollens, by the favour of 
 the fame King 3 who made Thomas Bollen Vif- 
 counc Roebford (defcended from one of the 
 
 Ley, Lord High Treafiirer of England, crea- two Coheirs of Earl of Ormond,) 
 
 ted Feb. y. 1 Car. i *, to whom fucceeded his'Earl of TVilt(lnre 3 whofe daughter Ann the 
 Ton, and grandfon but the laft being flainl King married 3 a match, unfortunate to her 
 
 in the fea-fight againft the Dutch, 1665', 
 without ift'ue 3 the honour came to William 
 his Unde, who alfb dy’d without iffue. In 
 the year 1689^ John Lord Chtsrcbil (who had, 
 before, been created by King Charles the fe- 
 cond Baron of Aymoutb in Scotland, and by 
 
 felf, her Brother, and her Parents ; but very 
 fortunate to England 3 becaufe flie it was 
 chat gave birth to that excellent Princefs 
 Queen Elizabeth, who deferves immortal Ho- Queen Eliia- 
 nour, for her moft prudent Adminiftration,ts':b. 
 and lor her own perfonal Virtues 3 great, and 
 
 King James the Iccond, Lord CWci6//of hcroical, beyond her Sex. But when this 
 
 R. Thom 
 
'Thomas Bolien diedj without ilTue-male, of 
 grief, occallon’d by the unhappy fare of his 
 Children ; this tide lay dormant, till King 
 Edward 6. dignify ’d therewith William Tow- 
 See Bafing inlet Lord S. "John of Bafing^ whom afterwards 
 Hamihirc. railed to be Marquifs of Winchefter, and 
 Lord High Treafurer of England ; and in 
 whofe Family it Hill remains. TFor, to Wil- 
 liam^ fucceeded John his fon and heir ; to 
 whom fucceeded in thefe Honours his only 
 fon, William \ and to him, John his fon ; the 
 father of Charles, who, in tlie firll year of 
 K. William and Q. Mary, was alfo created 
 Duke of Bolton i and to whom fucceeded,. in 
 his honours and eltate, Charles, the prefent 
 Earl of Wilclhire, Marquifs of Winchefter, 
 and Duke of Bolton.l 
 
 There are in this County 504 Farijhes. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Wilt- 
 fhire. 
 
 Agrifolium baccis luteis nondum defcrlp- 
 tum Fhjt. Brit. Tellow -berried Holly, By War- 
 der-cafile belonging to the Lord Arundel. This I 
 take to be rather an accidental variety of Holly, 
 than a difiinti fpecies. It bath alfo been found elfe- 
 vshere, as at Wifion in Suffolk. 
 
 Filix fcemina odorA(2LFhyt. Brit. Sweet-fcent- 
 ed Female Fern. Somewhere about the Marquefs of 
 Hartford’s forefi of Savernake, which 1 remem- 
 ber the old Earl took fo much notice of, that he cau- 
 fed afair infcrifiionto be made in hisgarden-pond, 
 at his houfe of Tutnam near it, to direB to it. Mr. 
 Stonehoufe. This may be enquired into by thofe Her- 
 barifis that live hereabouts. 
 
 Gramen caninum fupinum longiHimum 
 nondum defcriptum Phyt. Brit. Long trailing 
 Dog’s grafs. By Mr. Tuckers at Madington feme I 
 
 nine miles from Salisbury, with which they fat hogs 
 and which is four and twenty foot long. We are 
 not yet fatisfied what fort of grafs this might be • 
 and recommend the in^ui/ition thereof to the indu- 
 jirious and skilful Herbariffs of this Country. 
 
 Gramen geniculatum aquaticum majus & 
 minus Park, who blames Cafp. Bauhine for re- 
 ferring this to the Ifchsmon, calling it Gramen 
 dadylon aquaticum. He tells us, they both grow 
 in fundry places of England, hut have been tfped- 
 allyobfervd, the greater to grow about Wilton, and 
 a great meadow lying among the bridges at the 
 town’s end ■, and the other at Warminfter, both in 
 this County. I fear they were neither of them well 
 known to Parkinfon, and wijh they do not kfe 
 their labour that fearcb for them in thofe places. 
 
 Nafturtium fylveftre Erues affine C. B. fylv 
 Valentinum Clulio J. B. Park. Eruca Na- 
 fturtio cognaca tenuifolia Ger. Creffe-Rocket. 
 Found by Mr. Lawfon on Salisbury-plain not far 
 from Stone-henge. ^ 
 
 Onobrychis feu caput gallinaceum Get. vul- 
 garis Park, foliis vrciz, fru«u echinato major 
 C. B. Polygalon Gefneri J. B. Medick VctchUn 
 or Cochhead, commonly but faljly call’d Samt-ftiti. 
 It is [aid to gram on the further end of SalUhury- 
 flain : and likely enough it may, though I nevtr 
 bmtn'd to fee it there, becaufe the foil feemi to h of 
 tho fame nature with Gogmagog hillt and New- 
 market heath, on the borders whereof it growi plen- 
 tifully. ‘ 
 
 Polygonatutn vulgare Park. Solomon’s Seal. 
 See the Synonymet in the Kent. Cat. In a bulky 
 chfe belonging to the Parfonage of AUerbury neat 
 
 Clarendon, two miles from Salisbury. Park uae 
 
 699. 
 
 Polygonatutn humile Anglicum D. 'Bobert. 
 Dwarf-Englijh Solomons Seal. Found by Mr. Phi- 
 
 Z-fi""’ of Grays-Inn, in the Woods of 
 
 Wtlijhire. 
 
 HAMSHIRE. 
 
 t Hanri 
 rchyp, C. 
 
 Vefpafi.'in. 
 
 E X T to Wiltfiiite, is that 
 Countrey, which by the Sax- 
 ons was call’dtHamcunpcype, 
 fand by later Writers Hamte- 
 fehyre, and Hamtejhire ; 1 now 
 commonly Hamjhire. fplo- 
 rence of Worcefler calls it 
 Hantunfeyre (a miftalie of the Librarian, for 
 Hamtunfeyre ■, fince the Saxon-Aunals call it 
 10, and he tranferib’d from them) from whence 
 however, and from the names Hantfcyre and 
 Hentfcyre in Domefday-book, out modern 
 Hants and Hamfltire (generally us’d as the true 
 names,) do plainly proceed,) The inner 
 part ot this County, without doubt, belong’d 
 m the Belgw ; and that which lies along the 
 ka-coalt, to the Regni, an ancient people of 
 Btitain. It is bounded, on the Weft by Dor- 
 fttfhire and Wikfliire ; on the South, by the 
 Ocean ; on [he Halt, by Snflex and Surrey ; on 
 the Korih, by Barkftire. It is a fmall Coun- 
 ty, very fruitful in Corn, and in many places 
 well wooded ,■ it is rich in herbage, and has 
 lea-coinmodities m great plenty ; being well 
 contriv d, by it’s many creeks and harbours, 
 for all forts of traftick. It is thought to have 
 b-en one of the firft, that was reduc’d to the 
 i fince our Hiftories 
 
 th^e '^5' Veffafsan ; and 
 
 there are fufficien: grounds to believe ic. For 
 Dio tells us, that Plautius and Vefpaffan 
 
 when they were fent by the Emperor Claudi- 
 us againft the Britains, divided their forces 
 nf'i!! ‘5^^® fatties for the greater convenience 
 of landing ; left they ihould be repuls’d fence 
 tor all) it they attempted a Defcent, all at 
 Suetonius we learn, 
 that Velpafian in this expedition engag’d the 
 enemy p times, and brought under the Ro- 
 man yoke the J/& of Wight (which lies oppo- 
 fite to this County) and two other valiant 
 people ; for which viaories by land, and his 
 fortunate voyages at fea, Valerius Flaccus 
 complements him, and makes him more 
 Proiperous than Julius Caifar : 
 
 ^ I Wiyor aperti 
 
 tama, Caledonius pofiquam tua Carbafa 
 vexit 
 
 Oceanus, Pbryghs prius indignatus liilos. 
 
 - O you, whofe glorious reign 
 
 Can boaft new triumphs o’re the conquer’d 
 mam, ^ 
 
 That fcorn d the Cxfars and the Roman 
 Iway, 
 
 thus^f Collatius Hovarienfs writes 
 
 * Ut 
 
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 1 -! 3 
 
 
 
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 T A R T O 
 
 B E ^ K S H 1 A E 
 
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 \ZiutA»l^it 
 
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 / •^HVTi D \ AVI lA .1 
 
 T'Ih* 
 
 ■'“■ • ‘^-■V 4 «i]i. 
 
 /. 7 . 7 / 7 , //{•//** ^ »!t 7 -^ ^ / 1 
 
 : / X-. r I JV tf>5, R A' 
 
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 fli vuiu;u/ 7 *,ji 
 
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 Part 
 
 r,v/a 
 
 ..•;: />’ A^DoyWH 
 
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 /■ ■•• Xiaiplm^ ti-’l.UHrn Aw, 
 
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 \ K" .Hvioix^tf*^ ,*.v.|^ 
 
 — J'itmhmi 
 
 fir vuHf;ii n 
 
 /■'t'!!,. - ■ 
 
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 fprw/,.,/,.„, ~if^ .jH • 
 
 'i, J 5 EOUEs'.^f^Wa 
 
 jr^.Sj.vy 1 ^ ' 
 
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 I'pjmBfp *-p« • *- / 1 ;• 
 
 *?'>A_ 77 /'.i/W'<n<p ' 
 
 \i. 
 
 Witt 
 
 S hire 
 
 1 j 7 'Hbwh X. 
 
 '-M 
 
 \ - ' /(P \ I ?■ 
 
 '¥‘‘' 
 
 ***^^' .-iV-/'/ ’‘(•ndj -Parti'n^'avlf 
 
 -•'■^'^^i.o />{ot 7 //&- e Affilu/exr. / 
 
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 i }L .Edtorxd . '-X 
 
 *A \lJ'lln -^jLiJrZs:. . ., J -.i-iAXJ'U-, 
 
 iLiriA (m/Zw ~^_ti_!"X:. I 
 
 TYlJVliWOOD ‘ Ji7 
 
 ttrhun/ 
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 t \ f.V/'^w rrMc’i^i’ I 
 
 iJSNfIjt 1 * } 'a 
 
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 fArA^lc^ 
 
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 Al 
 
 \ -^r zr^l /A ,--^' '’y 1 *//-,^> 
 
 k (m:\j).u.r. / 
 
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 COijiu^jjjy 
 
 ■■ <., Jiaiiiwij ^h’li -■ *-j * ••„ ■•^ "^nani,,. i 
 
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 F.U 
 US 
 
 ¥'t 
 
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 J^/.T/f,M. 
 
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 hLlhinai.-"'' i ’w//>/e 
 
 / Hoy D MiUllUM^ 
 
 
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 hiU'"'. 
 
 
 aSUi'f.'iii 
 
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 /iw. 
 
 y^wi,iir;-Vij«-.. 
 
 !w<w ’ y o 
 
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 w' ./'^'^T‘ --^Z 
 
 r/njJ .11 
 
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 cwri;;?!; 
 
 
 
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llle ijuUem nuper felici Marte Britannos 
 Fudemt. ' -- 
 
 — The Britains he of lace o’recame 
 
 In profp^rous war. 
 
 How, in the courfe of this war, Titus ref- 
 cu’d his father Vefpafian from imminent 
 danger, when he was clofely befieg’d by the 
 Britains and how a fnake cwifted round him 
 at that time, without doing him any harm, 
 which he interpreted an omen of being af- 
 terwards Emperor ; chefe things you may 
 learn from Dio and Forcatulus. 
 
 I, confining my felf to my own Province, 
 fhall begin with the weft-fidc of this Coun- 
 ty ; and, having firft furveyM the fea-coafts, 
 and the rivers that fall into the Ocean , 
 fhall then pafs to the inland parts. 
 
 Uverj^vena, Near the weftern bounds of the County, 
 xAvona. runs the gentle ftream of the Avon ; which, 
 as foon as it enters Hamfhire, comes to the 
 Cerdicks- of Cerdickj call’d formerly Cerdicks-ford^ 
 
 iord. f(from the Saxon Cep6icej--popb,)T afterwards 
 Cerdeferd^ and now by contradion Chardford j 
 all from Cerdick, a valiant Saxon. For, in this 
 place, the famous Cerdick engaged the Britains, 
 and gave them fo terrible a defeat, that he 
 not only enlarg’d the limits of his own go- 
 vernment ; but left it eafie for pofterity to 
 maintain his conquefts. Before this, in the 
 year cfour Lord yo8. he had, in a very fharp 
 Natanleod, engagement, conquer’d Nata»leod^(c^\\’dhy 
 or Nazaleod. others a potent King of the Bri- 
 
 tains, together with great numbers of that 
 People i and from his name a trad of land 
 reaching to this place was call’d NatanUod^ 
 as we read in the Saxon Annals ^in the fearch 
 of which trad I have been very curious, but 
 cannot yet find the leaft footlleps of the name, 
 fit is indeed more than probable that this 
 King’s name was not NacanIeo6, but rather 
 Kacan or Kara, which, by the addition of 
 leo6, i. e. a country j fignifies the traSi or country 
 of Natan : and one of the Copies of the Saxon 
 Annals calls it Nacanlea5, that is, the field of 
 Natan j which fuggefts what cannot be fo 
 well inferr’d from the ocher, 'viz,, feme re- 
 mains of the old name ; as in Neiky and Nut- 
 iVhether Na- ley^, in this County .1 Who this Natanleod for 
 anieoi and Natanf\ was, I cannot imagin ; yet, it is 
 SrXr nioft certain, that at the fame time Aurelius 
 had manyconflids with the Saxons 
 lerfon. in thefe parts, with various fuccefs : not- 
 withftanding which, this great man is never 
 mention’d in the Annals of our Saxon Ance- 
 ftors; who, as I obferve, have been forward 
 enough in reciting thofe battles, wherein 
 they had the advantage, but mention none 
 of thofe wherein they were worfted^ therein 
 betraying too great partiality to their own 
 caufe. Hence, the river runs by Regnervood^ 
 Regnum or Ring-wood^ in Domefday-book Rmtewd^ 
 Rirgwood. which was that Regnum (a town of the Regni) 
 mention’d by Antoninus ; as is plain from the 
 courfe of the Itinerary, the remainder of the 
 old name, and the fignificacion of the pre- 
 fenc. For Ringwood^ with the Saxon addition, 
 feems to fignifie The -wood of the Regni. That 
 this was formerly a place of Note and Di- 
 ftindion, is probable from the adjacent Hun- 
 dred which derives the name from it ; but it 
 is now only famous for a good market. The 
 Avon running from hence, takes-in the river 
 Stour^ which comes out of Dorletfliire ; and 
 at the confluence of chefe two, there Itands 
 a fmall, but well-frequented, market-town. 
 
 now called Chrift-church, from the Church de- ChriiU 
 dicated to Chrift ,• and heretofore, from it’s Church, 
 fituation between two rivers, called r^;^W-Tvvmam. 
 hurne \ on the fame account, as the 7?;t«r<z»jw<ihurne. 
 m Italy. It was formerly defended by a Ca- 
 ftle, and adorn d with an ancient Church of 
 Prebendaries , which, being built in the Saxon 
 age,^ was in the reign of William Kut^s * r^- i ieflaurata. 
 pair J by Ralph Plammard Bilhop of Durham 
 (who had been Dean there) and plentifully 
 endow d by Richard de Rivers Earl of Devon- 
 fiiire, to whom King Henry i. gave this 
 place /ee j and it continu’d in great repute 
 to the time of Henry 8, and the fatal Period 
 of Monafteries. Below this town, the Stour 
 and the Avon joyning, empty themfdves into 
 the fea at one mouth, which Ptolemy call’d 
 the mouth of the river Alaun ^ and very truly. The river 
 For I can fcarce believe, that Avon was the Alaun. 
 proper name of this river, fince that word is an 
 appellative, and the name by which the Bri- 
 tains call’d rivers in general. I rather think it 
 was czYCdAlaun^ becaufe there ftill remain feme 
 footfteps of chat word inthe villages which ftand 
 upon it, as Allinton, Allingham^ &c. On the 
 eaft-fideof this river, William the Conqueror 
 deftroy’d all the towns, villages, and Church- 
 es \ and, curning-ouc the poor inhabitants, 
 made a foreft for wild beafts about thirty 
 miles in circuit, which the Englilh in chat 
 age call d Tiene^ we at this day New-Forefi jNewForeft. 
 of which, Walter Mapes, who liv’d in the 
 next age, writes thus : The Conejutror took away 
 much land from God and men^ and made a Sacri- 
 fice of it to the wild-beafisy and his bunting-dogs j 
 'by which he demolijhed thirty fix Mother-Churches, 
 and drove away the poor inhabitants belonging to 
 them. This he did, either to make a more eafie 
 Paffage for his Normans to come into Eng- 
 land (for ic lies oppofite to Normandy,) in 
 cafe of anew infurre< 5 lion in the Ifland, after 
 his fuppos’d Conqueft ; or ro indulge liimfelf 
 in hunting ; or to raife money by any me- 
 thods, how unjuft foever. For he, more mer- 
 ciful CO beafts than to men, appointed a moft 
 grievous pecuniary mulct, and other fevere 
 penalties, to be inflidled on thofe who fliould 
 trefpafs on his game. But divine vengeance Example of 
 clofely purfued this impious project of the Divine Yen* 
 Kirig : for Richard his fecond fon, and 
 liam Rufus King of England another of his 
 fons, both loft their lives in this Foreft ; the 
 latter cafually fliot with an arrow by dFalter 
 Tirrel the ocher ftruck dead by a peftilen- 
 tial blaft. f (The place vhere William Ru- 
 fus was kill’d, is call’d (faith Leland) TArcHf- Througham. 
 ham, where there yet fiandetb a ChapelT^ And 
 alfoHewr;' his grand-child by Robert his eldeft 
 fon, while he was here eagerly purfuing his 
 Sport, was caught by the head in the boughs, 
 and there ended his life; to teach us, that the 
 crimes of parents are often punifti’d upon their 
 childrens children, fin this Foreft, arc 9 Walks, 
 and to every one a Keeper. Ic has two Raun- 
 gers, Bow-bearer , ^nd -d Lord-Warden ^ which 
 
 office ( as t Leland fays) formerly belong’d, 
 by right of inheritance, to the Earls oi Arun-^^^'''^°^‘^' 
 del j but ic is at prdenc in the hands of the 
 Duke of Bolton. In ic alfo is the CaHle of 
 Malwood, |j the area whereof contains many MaUvood- 
 acres. The' form of ic inclines towards ^ j. ]yi5 
 fquare i and on it’s banks or works (which" 
 are fingle, and nut very great) there grow 
 Oaks. On the nonh-fide hard by it, is the 
 Oak that buds on Chriftmas-day, and withers 
 again before night i which was order’d by 
 King Charles the fecond to be pal’d round. 
 
 The Tradition is, that William Rufus was kill’d 
 
 near 
 
 
35 
 
 B E LG AL, 
 
 136 
 
 near this Caftle ; and that this is the Tree up- 
 on M hich T’h reh arrow glanced. In the fame 
 Godstiill, foreft, at GodshiU near Fcrdingbridge, * is a Camps 
 * upon the hill, which is overgrown with Oaks : 
 
 one lidc is a ftecp cliftj and the other double- 
 trenchM .1 Of this Foreft, there are extant fome 
 Vcrfes of "John PElnte Bifliop ot Winchefter ; 
 which falfly attribute the making of it to Wil- 
 liam Rufus : howe^'^er, becaufe many readers 
 are pleas’d with them, it may not be amifs to 
 infert them in this place. 
 
 T'empla adhnit Di'viSi fora civibtis, arva co- 
 hnis 
 
 Rufus, & inflituit Beanlenfi in rure foreflam 
 Rex cervum infequitur. Regem 'uindi'cla, Tt~ 
 rellus 
 
 Non bene fro'vifum transfixit acumine ferri. 
 
 Towns, Fields, and Churches, took from God 
 and Men, 
 
 A fpatious foreft made in Beaulieu-iphm : 
 
 The King a Hart, Vengeance the King 
 purfu’d. 
 
 And" Tirrel’s arrow drunk his guilty blood. 
 
 He calls it Rus Beaulenfe ; becaufe nigli this 
 place King John founded a fmall Monaftery 
 Beaulieu, called Beaulieu, from it’s picafant lituation i 
 
 Amputat enje caput, nomen tenet iirde perempti 
 Harntnonis Bonus, longumque tenebh in a- 
 
 ■' As to the bank he fled,^ 
 Enrag’d Arviragus with happier fpeed { 
 
 Aim’d a Herce blow, and fell’d his trem- r 
 bling head. ) 
 
 And tiius great Hamnion’s death proclaim’d 
 by fame 
 
 To Hamton gave an everlafting name. 
 
 FThis was, poflibly, the Cep6icepopa of the 
 Saxons ; which feems to have been in the we- 
 ftern parts of England. For the fame perfons 
 that Matthew WeBminfler aftirms to have land- 
 ed in Occidentali parte Britannia:, ( in the weft 
 part of Britain,) are faid by the Saxon-Annals 
 to have come afiiore at CepbiCepopa. If upon 
 fuch a conjecture, w'e might remove it from 
 Tarmoutb into thefe parts, 1 know no place can 
 lay better claim to it than this, whether w'e 
 confider the fituation, or the other circum- 
 ftances.l 
 
 At this Port is fituated * the town of South- *Ufigcuk 
 hanton near which, to the north-eaft, ftoodSouthanton. 
 once another town of the fame name, \s’hich 
 was the Claufenturn of Antoninus as is proba- 
 ble by the diftance from Regnuni on one fide, 
 and Venta on the other : and as Trifanton figni- 
 
 •1 Lafl age, 
 C. 
 
 ^vhich continu’d very famous, till tvithiii Bay of Anton, (o Claufenturn iigniiies in 
 
 memory of the t laft age fave one : for here ms Britifil the Port Entum ; for I have learnt, that 
 an inviolable fanduary, and a fate refuge lor claudh implies the lame among the Britains as 
 Saaauary. criminals i and our forefathers thought it did among the Greeks, that is, f afPimisif- 
 
 unpardonable lin, to take from hence the moH \jfaven made iy caUing-uf Batiks. That thisplace/</dWfi«- 
 bloody murderers or traitors. But fure, when our j\^.as called Hanton and Henton, no one need'™®"' 
 ancelfors did in feveral parts of England erect ’ q^.ftion ; becaufe in Domefday-book, the whole 
 thefe Sanauaries or Temples of Mercy (as they County is exprefly call’d Hantfcyte, and in ano- 
 call’dthem,) they feem rather to have follow’d ther place ; and the town it lelt, from 
 
 the example of Romulus, than of Mofes, who ^ its Southern lituation, Southamon. THowever, it 
 commanded that they who were guilty of wil-'muft be confefs’d, that in the Saxon-Amuls, 
 
 Exodus xxi, 
 fofeph. 
 
 :ib. Amiq.4. lul rnm-der filould be taken from the altar, and which are of greater Antiquity, the County is 
 *• ^ ... ........ ...... .1 1 . . . ■>' * 
 
 put to death ; and appointed a city of refuge 
 only for them who fhould flay a man by chance, 
 without laying in wait for him. 
 
 But that fo great a trad of ground as this 
 Foreft, on the fea-coaft, might not lie defencelefs 
 and expos’d to the enemy ; Henry 8. began to 
 fecure it with Caftles : iorin that neck of land 
 that runs into the fea, from w hence is the ihort- 
 HurR-Caflle. eft paflage^ to the J/le of J-Vight, he built Hurfi- 
 Caflle, which commands the fea on all fides. 
 
 called hameunpeype, and this town bameun; 
 which are of a pure Saxon original, and can 
 have no relation to Anton, the fuppofed name of 
 the river What the condition of the an- 
 
 cient town w\as, is difficult to determine ^ but 
 it was lituated in that place where is now the 
 Field of St. Maries, and reach’d as tar as the 
 harbour ; and I'eems to have extended to the 
 other lidc of the river alfo. For a little high- 
 er at (aplace juft oppofite) Francis Mills, Bittern. 
 
 Calfliot-Ca- 
 
 file. 
 
 And more to the velf, he built iinother llror,g!a worthy Gentleman, who || liv’d there, Ihew’d II 
 
 Fort, called Caljhot inftead of Caldjhore, to fe- 
 cure the Entrance of Souch-hamton-Bay. For 
 here, by the great diftance of the two fhores, 
 and the oppolite fituation of the Ifle of pp’ight, 
 is a very commodious Harbour, w hich Ptolemy 
 Mouth oF the mouth of the river Trifanton; in my 
 river Trifan- opinion, i'oT Traitb Anton,tha.t is, the Bay of 
 
 Wellh Dift. 
 *Trailatus. 
 
 ton (for Ninnius, an ancient Author, calls it al- 
 nioft by the fame name, the mouth of the ‘T -ahan- 
 non:) [it 7 'raith do indeed fignify a Bay j which, 
 acceming to Dr. Davis, impfies only a * Treaty, 
 or Trcatije.l The -river that runs into this bay, 
 which’ W'e ik'W' call Tcfi, was in former times 
 (as we le."rn from the Lii’es of the Saints ) nam’d 
 TerBan ; and that it was before call’d Ant or 
 Anton, is pix ba ble from the towns upon it,Ant- 
 pert, Andove; and Hanton. So far am I from 
 tliinking that it was fo call’d from one Mammon 
 a Roman kill’d here ; which yet Gcoffry of 
 Monmouth delivers in his romancing wav, .and 
 h follow’d by a Poet, v'ho has this paflagecon- 
 <'erning that Mammon : 
 
 ■ Ruit hue, iPaicque ruentem 
 
 Octupat Aratiragus, ejufque in margine ripa 
 
 me Ibme rubbifli, and pieces of old walls, and the 
 trenches of an ancient Caftle half a mile in 
 compafs ; whicli at full tide is three parts fur- 
 rounded with water. The Antiquity of it is fo 
 fufficiontly attefted by the Roman Coins w'hich 
 have been dug-up here, that if it was not the 
 Caftle of the ancient Claufenturn, you may well 
 judge it to have been one of thofe forts which, 
 the Romans eredted on the fouchern’ coaft ( as 
 Gildm tells us , ) to prevent the Saxon piracies 
 and. inroads, fit is not long fince, thata Golden 
 Coin w as found here ; but the place where Coins 
 were formerly dug-up, is now a Dock for the 
 building of Men of War .1 
 ^ When all parts were miferably harrafl’d 
 witli tlie Danifli Wars, C/d Hanton fell a 
 prey to that People in the year p8o ; and in 
 the time ot William the Conqueror ( to ufe 
 the expreffion of his own Book) the King had 
 m that to\ni only 80 men or tenents in Demefne. 
 
 But about *400 years ago, wften King Edw.ird * 30a, C 
 5, and Philip of Valois contended for the King- 
 of France, it was burnt by the French. 
 
 Out ot the afhes whereof, there fprang up ano- 
 ther, more conveniently lituated, between two 
 
 rivers i 
 
31 
 
 H A M S B I R E. 
 
 1 38 
 
 he 
 
 anute. 
 
 the feme that we fee at this day ; i once 1 
 floas for the number and neatnefs of it s 
 buildinSSj tho ■S'ealtli of the inhabitants, and 
 Xt of merchants. fBut now, it is hot in 
 the fame flourifliing condition, as tormerly it 
 was ; for, leaving loft a great part of it s Trade, 
 ft has loft moft of it’s inhabitants too, and the 
 ffreat houfes of merchants are now dropping to 
 L ground, and only lllew it’s ancient magnifi- 
 cence.l It hath a dollble ditch, and ftrong 
 walls, with feveral battlements ; and, tor the 
 fecurity of the harbour, a ftrong Caftle ot fquare 
 tone was built, upon a high-rais’d mount, by 
 Richr.rd 2. That action of Canale the moft po- 
 tent King of England and Denmark (reproving 
 the bafenefsof a flatteriiig Courtier, who pre- 
 tended that all things would obey his royal wi 1 
 and pleafure ) was in this place, and is well 
 rworth the mentioning. When became (lapHen- 
 ° tv of Huntingdon) to fliore, he commanded a chan 
 to he fetfor him, andfaid to the fea fio-teing uf to 
 him, Thoti an under my dominion, and the ground 
 on -which I fit is mine, mr did e-v^ any man d.Jo- 
 hei my commands with Imfmity : Therefore, 1 com- 
 mand thee, not to come upon my ground nor to wet 
 
 the cloaths or the feet of me thy Lord and Mafier. 
 
 But the rude Wanes prefently came up, and wet hu 
 royal feet : upon which he fiep d baek, aiidjatd. La 
 all the inhabitants of the world know. That the 
 tower of Bionatths is a vain and empty thing, and 
 that none deferves the name of a King, but he whoje 
 will, by an eternal decree, the Heaven, Eanh, and 
 Sea do all obey. Nor -would he ever ajter jufier the 
 Crown to be put on his head, &c. 
 
 Of the two rivers between which this town 
 is plac’d, the wefterii one (now call’d Tefi, but 
 formerly, I think, Anton,) rifing outol theho- 
 refl of Chute, runs lirft to Andover, in baxon 
 Andeacapan, [and Andepepali,! that is, the Fer- 
 ry or paffage of the river Ande ;vhae, sn the 
 
 ,, 4 . Clil. year t 893- lEthelred King of England (wl«n 
 X. the Danes were plundering his kingdom) that 
 he might bicfs his harrafsd nation with a late 
 t f iirti and lafting peace, did adopt A-nlaf the Dane : 
 iby Ki^gtho’ this le.^gne of frielidftlip was foon broken ; 
 thelrcd. for fo great an honour could not reftrain that 
 barbarous foreigner from his ufu.al rapines. } it 
 is now a populous Corporation ; wtere Is a 
 Free-fchool founded by fobn Hanfon, A.D. 1 5<Sp. 
 and an Hofpital for the maintenance of fix men, 
 Ubr. Mon. built and endu’d by -John Pollen. About a 
 IS. mile from tins Town, is a Roman Camp calltd 
 Bere-hill; and half a mile hence, is another large 
 Camp, with double works; and there is a third, 
 feme miles to the north, neat a village called 
 Eabury. Egbury. At g«flr/cy-W, alfo, IS a gl'e-at loruh- 
 larley-hill. cation, with quadruple works on one fide, ine 
 two outward trenches are diftant^ farther than 
 ordinary, one ftom the other : from the outer 
 to the fecond, are 6a paces ; from the fecond 
 to the third, 35 paces. This is ahfwered by 
 another great Camp, called DaBfeoj, near Grate- 
 ly ; and about fix miles hence is Okebury, ano- 
 ther large Roman Camp, wliich feemsto 
 fwer’d by Frippesbury, about five miles diftalit 
 from it.I From Andover, this river runs near 
 Wliorwel Whorwel, where Queen AHfrith built a Mona- 
 ftery, to expiate her heinous crime ot murthe- 
 ring King Edward her fon-in-law, and alfo to 
 atone for the murder of her former Husband, 
 
 Ten 
 
 Andover. 
 
 ancient language) a little fountain on the Jide of a 
 bill i \vhich gives name to the ancient and 
 Knightly family of the IVaHops, w'ho live near 
 it. Hence, the river runs in learch of Brige or BngCc 
 Brage, an ancient town plac’d by Antoninus p 
 miles from the old Sorbiodunum i kt which di- 
 fiance, it finds, betw^een Salisbury and Winche- 
 fter, and not far from its banks, a fmall coun- 
 try-village call’d Broughton j and if the old Brage Broughton, 
 was not at this place, I am of opinion it was 
 entirely demoliih’d, when William the Conque- 
 ror converted thele parts into the Foreft we 
 juft now mention’d. Next, Rnmfey, in Saxon Rumfey, 
 RUmfes (where King Edgar built a Nunnery, 
 the Church whereof is ftill ftanding,) is vifited 
 by this river ; which prefently falls into South' 
 hampmi-bay at the Vadim Arundinisy as Bede 
 calls it, which he interprets but now> 
 
 from the where the ford was, inftead ol 
 Bedford it is call’d Redbridge ; where, in the in- R^eibtidge. 
 fancy of the Saxon-Church, flood a Monaftery. 
 
 Of this one Cymberth was Abbot, who baptis d 
 (as Bede tells us) two young Brothers ol Ar^ 
 njandm, petty King of the J(le bf^ Wighty, juft as 
 they were about to be murder’d. For, when 
 Cedixalla thii Saxon invaded that Ifland, thefe 
 two boys made their efcape, and hid themfelyes 
 at a little town c.alled ad Laf.dem ; till, btingad Lapidem. 
 betray’d, they were kill'd at the command ot 
 Cedwalla. If you ask where this little town ad 
 LaPidem flood, I fiiould guefs at Stonehamy aStoneham. 
 fmall village next to Redbridge, as the name it 
 felf very plainly directs me. The other river 
 which runs on the paft-fide of South-hampton, 
 r(now called Itchin, from a town of that nameltchin* 
 near its head,)! feems to have been ‘^miirly 
 call’d Aire ; for a market-town on the bank ot 
 it not far from the lake out of which it rifes, 
 is now call’d Alresfird, i. eJ the ford of Aire. kiaAti. 
 Which place (in the words ot an old Regifter 
 of the Church of Winchefter) the religiom King 
 Kinewalc, out of a moft piom Difpofttion,^gave to the 
 Church of Wmchefter, after he had receiv d theChrt- 
 fiian Sacraments from Bifiiop Birinm, at the begin- 
 ning of Chriftianity in thofe parts. In the year a took of 
 JJ Godfrey Lucy, Eilhop ot Winchefter ^ re- Waverly Mo- 
 ftored the market here, and call d 'he place 
 ILew-market, perhaps in refped: ot the old At 
 reford that lies near it. But this new name did 
 not laft long with the people, who have the 
 foie Prerogative in Words and Names. ^ 1 Ine 
 Town, on May-day i5po, was deftroy d by a 
 fire, which began in feveral parts ot it, al- 
 moft at the fame time j and burnt down alio 
 their Market-houfe and Church : but the Heu- 
 fes, and the Market-houfe, are rebuilt. Be- 
 fore this fire, the place was in fo good a con- 
 dition, that thefe was not cue inhabitant who 
 
 receiv’d afliftance out of the Collections lor the 
 
 Wallop. 
 
 poor From this place to Aulton,%ots all along 
 a Roman High-way,; and nearer the rivers 
 head, are three noted feats : Chilton-Candov^, 
 built by the late Sir Robert Worlley ; tnej^^g^^ 
 Graunge, by the late Sir Robert Henley 3 ^^Graurge. 
 ILpn, bVthe late Duke of Bolton.1 
 Alresford, lies which I muft pot omit, 
 
 becaufe It has given name to an eminent and 
 ancient family., , . 
 
 On the weflerii bank of this river lies the 
 
 a love-intncguc, and h^d by llidirea arts go '' ® j j WmteheHer. Yet there are wintcheder. 
 
 from him this Lady lEllrith, thegroateft beau- and we at ems Qa> 
 ty of her age. After this, 'he T# takes-in fome \Wrs. J 
 
 another fmall river, coW’iWaCop, or XlS™ ^-,'Z'lLta’ Beltafurn : but that there was 
 
 no 
 
 s 
 
 another imau river, can u 
 
 /op, that is (if we interpret it from our own [betng th.tV xnta 
 
139 
 
 B E LG Ai. 
 
 no Tuch People as the Shneni in this Ifland, I 
 fhall prove when I come to the Iceni. In the 
 mean time, be they ever fo delirous to con- 
 firm that conjedure, by feeking any where elfe 
 for the towns which Antoninus places near 
 Venta ; they may depend upon it, they will find 
 nothing to their purpofe. 
 
 The original of Venta r(from which, the Bi 
 Ihop of Winchefler is often call’d in our Hi- 
 ftories, Epifcopm Ventanus and Wemanm^ is by 
 fome fetch’d from VeMpti (wind j ) by others from 
 Vinum (Wine,) and again, by others from Wina 
 ^^ihon£ a Bifhop ^ || who all of them might be afliam’d 
 m;nu lita. ^f fuch triHing derivations. 1 fliould rather 
 fubfcribe to the Opinion of our country-nwn 
 Leland, who derives the word from the Bri- 
 tifh Guin or Guen, that is, luMtey as if it were 
 Caer Giciny the PVme City. And why ihould it 
 not ? fince from this Colour the old Latins 
 gave name to the cities AEa Longa and AHjo. Re- 
 gia', and the Greeks to Leuca, Leucas, and other 
 places. For this Venta ( as alfo two other 
 towns of the fame name, Venta Silurum, and 
 Venta Icenorum') is iituate in a foil of Chalk and 
 whitilli Clay. 
 
 This city, without doubt, was very famous 
 in the Roman times ; for it was here, that the 
 f Textrina Roman Emperors feem to have had their f Ira- 
 fuafacra. perial Weaving-fiiops ; this being the chief of 
 all the Britiili Venta, and lying neareft Ita- 
 ly. For, in the Notitia, there is mention made 
 of a Procurator or Governour of the Cynegium 
 . Ventenfe or Bentenje in Britain ; which ^aco- 
 Cujacim, the eminent Civilian, reads Gy- 
 interprets the Royal Weavery, in 
 perors in his \\Paratitles to the Codes. Guidia Pancirollmis 
 Brit. Gynx- of the fame opinion ; and writes, that thefe 
 ■'vere appointed for weaving the deaths 
 * St (t i' Emperor and Army, and for the making 
 
 of fails, linnen, * flirouds, and other necefl'aries 
 for the furniture of their houfes, or quarters. 
 lVolphgangP 26 Lazius thinks, that this Procura- 
 t ynegtum. j Emperor’s f dogs in this 
 
 place. And thus much is certain, that Bri- 
 Bnti/Ii dogs, tifh Dogs have been thougiit preferable to ail 
 others in Europe ,• infomuch, that Strabo fays, 
 they have ferved as foldiers ,* and the ancient 
 Gauls us’d them in their wars and they were 
 bought-up by the Romans for their fports in 
 the Amphitheatre, and the pleafures of hunt- 
 ing : for they were (as Strabo fays) 
 
 Tttf that is, naturally made for excellent 
 
 hunters. Hence Nemclianus, 
 
 14, 
 
 The aticient Greeks alfo were acquaintcj 
 with, and highly efteem'd, that kind of Dons 
 among us, which was called Agafmis, and we 
 yet term a Ga^e-heund as Optian will tell 
 in the firft Book of his Cpmgakks ; ^ bS** 
 
 Erj Si Tl CUVMKUt yly@^ Af>Xlf401 ’XVSyrif^^v, 
 
 Baioc, ctT»'p f^iycbMs dtrcl^ioy iftfj.il tCoiS^s. 
 Tse T^(piY a.y^a fvna. BpCTcti’Cui' euoMrd'iar 
 
 Avrdf t7nio<jSU(i v(pcis- 'AycccrcdtiS oyofcrn'a,r. 
 TiCr jiVoj fityiSo^ o^oiVon sVi j'avoTffi 
 Ai'xwf hxiSimi xJ»ew;. 
 
 Which Bodimis renders thus in Latin : 
 
 Efl etiam catuli ffecies indagine clam. 
 
 Corpus huic brm, magnifao fed corpora dignat 
 PiSa Britannorum gens illos effera hello 
 Nutrit, Agafaofpue meat viliffma firma 
 Corporis, ut credos parafitos effe latrames. 
 
 Another fort of dogs for lurching knowh 
 Tho’fmall in bulk, in value yield to none’ 
 In Britain bred, they thence the name re-o 
 ceive 
 
 Of Gat£--hounds t by their bignefs youM 
 believe 
 
 They’re mungril Curs that under tables 
 live. 
 
 Claudian likewife fpeaks thus of our MaiHff- 
 dogs : 
 
 Magnique tauromm fraBuri colla Britami. 
 
 And Englilh Mafiifti us’d to bend the ,, 
 necks 
 
 Of furious bulls 
 
 'Divifa Britannia mittit 
 
 Veloccs, mUrique orhis mnatibus apns. 
 
 ■ — The Britains from this world dlf- 
 
 joyn’d. 
 
 Fleet dogs, and ufeful for our huntine 
 fend. ^ 
 
 And Gratius, of their goodnefs and value : 
 
 Quod fretaji Morhmm dnlio refiuentia ponto 
 Veneris, atque ipjos libeat penetrare Bri- 
 tamos, 
 
 O quarna efi menes, & quantum impendia 
 Jupra ! 
 
 But if at farthell Calais you .arrive. 
 
 Where doubtful tides the paffive fliore de 
 ceive ; 
 
 And thence your dang’rous courfe to Britain 
 Iteer, 
 
 What ftore you’ll find, and how esceffive 
 dear! 
 
 But this by way of digreflion only. 
 
 this City (as our Hiflorians tell you) in 
 ttetimeof the Romans, liv’d that the 
 
 Monk, who was firft made Cafar and afterwards f,„„ , y 
 Bmperor by his father ConR antinet .and who ufur- nwde Cal 
 ped the Government in oppofition to Honori- 
 us, out of a conceit that Succefs would attend 
 the name For long before this (as Zolimus, fpeak- 
 mg of that time, delivers it) there were, oswrfMonillm 
 inCtties an Villages, large Coleges of Monks, whoinCim 
 before had led nfolitaryhk in mountains, woods, 
 and dens from whence they derive their t name, a mJ®, 
 l hat old piece of wall of great ftrength and^“ 
 thlcknefs, ftill to be feen towards the weft- 
 gate of the Cathedral Church, feems to be the 
 remains of this ancient College. But the Monk 
 who was here declar’d Cafar, after he left this 
 place, ftion met with Death, as a juft judgment 
 upon his fethcr s ambition, and his own Con- 
 tempt of ^Religion. During the Saxon Heptar- 
 chy, tho this place was once or twice lick’d, 
 yet It recover d, and was the Palace of the Weft- 
 Saxon Kings, and adorn’d with magnificent 
 Churches, and was honour’d with an Epifeo- 
 p.al See ; and had from King Ethelftan the pri- 
 vilege of 1.x Aloney-mints. In the Norman 
 times alfo it flourifli’d very much, and the 
 Archives ( or Repofitory of publick Records) 
 were in it. Thus it continu’d long in a prof- 
 perous condition ; excepting one or two acci- 
 dents of fire, and tlmt it was plunder’d by the 
 foldiers in the Civil War between King Ste- 
 phen and Maud the Emprefs. Hence, our Poet 
 Necham, who liv’d in that age : 
 
 Guintomam tttiilis olaram, gasaifaue reple- 
 tarn o j I I 
 
 Nonierunt mterum tempom prifea patrum. 
 
 Sii 
 
I 4 I 
 
 ham S in~R~K 
 
 Seijam facra fames auri, jam cams hahmii 
 Urbibus egregiis farcm nejcit amor. 
 
 For wealth and ftate, for honour and renown 
 In good old times fair Winchefter was 
 known : 
 
 But in our age, in our degenerate days, *) 
 When all the World tyrannick Gold o- / 
 beys, ✓ 
 
 The richefl Cities are the fureft preys. j 
 
 Yvcic luiin-iciiLiy icpnii u uy xving tLciwarcl 3. 
 The Staple, when he fettled here the for Cloth and 
 Wool. What figure this City made in former 
 ages, is not now to be known j which (as the 
 fame Necham writes) 
 
 ——Flamjnts toties gens aliena dedit. 
 
 Hinc facies urhis toties mutata, dokrem 
 Pratenditi cafm nuntia verafui. 
 
 *■ -So oft tlie haplefs town 
 
 The rage of foreign flames hath undergonej 
 She fhow^d Iier fad misfortunes in her face, 
 Anddifmal looks her ancient griefs exprefs. 
 
 and about a mile and half in compafs within 
 the walls, which have fix gates i the paflage alfo 
 to each, for a confiderable way, being Suburbs. 
 
 At the fouth-fide of the weft-gate, ftands an 
 ancient Caftle, which has been often befieged ; 
 but never fo ftraitly, as when Maud the Em- 
 prefs maintain’d it againft King Stephen. At 
 laft the Emprefs cauled a report to be fpread 
 of her death, and w'as put in a Coffin to deceive 
 the enemy, and fo w'as carry’d off as one dead, 
 rin the place where this Caftle ftood, is now a 
 
 Great, and others O but, being not finiih’d after it's 
 before the deathof thatPnnce, itremains only northern fuburbs m 1 ,,I r ^ j ^ 
 
 the model of a noble Defign. There was par' by tL 1 celS rf V “ae-Abb 
 
 front ofthehoufe^ for which andfor PnrK d -bliftoiy of that place tells 
 
 the^ ground wus procured. The South fide is r\e /ift'^rf ^ Ua.t: S- 
 
 ind theSnpiL as if j..i: n . . ' . _ 
 
 2 Id toot, and the Weft 3 2d; and the Shell, as it 
 V A , , is faid to have coil: 25000 pounds.! Of 
 
 rm^Taul Table which now hangs up, .and 
 
 * Meafa ch- ™ tommon people take for Kmg Arthurs 
 cularit five dable, Jlnall obferve no more than this, that it 
 nlicuUrU P'hiily appears to be of a much later d.ate. For 
 wai-jAi, in former ages, when thofe military exercifes 
 Journaments.calldTJsj-MWfjitj (inftituted for tlie trial and 
 improvement of warlike Spirits,) were much 
 in vope ; they had this kind of round tables, 
 that there might be no difpute for precedency 
 III, A n ■ Nobility. And this feems to be a 
 
 tofcphilt T Tor Athenams tells us, 
 
 that the old Gauls fat at round Tables, and that 
 their Armour-bearers ftood at their backs with 
 their fhields. Almoft in the middle of the city, 
 oilly a little more to the fouth, Kenelwalch 
 King ot the Wett-Saxons (.after that College 
 Or Monks, of the Roman age, w’as deliroy’d) 
 
 142 
 
 Malmesbury writesT^^ 
 filendtd for thofe tmes ; on the flte whereof was af- 
 ‘^ardsereSed a Cathedral 0/ the fame Ldel, th 
 
 .zl&,tss£i 
 
 and honour, than for piety and devotion ; and 
 
 the aS '’To®' Chancellors to 
 
 the Archbilhop of Canterbury, .and Prelates of 
 
 the Gmer. Some of thefe at great expence 
 
 rill the beginning of the late Civil Wars (to thTchXh™MttirT "“"d enlarged 
 
 obferve this by the way,) the Soldiers, opening fc&,^but above all ‘‘"d l^al- 
 
 the Marble-Coffin of William Rufus which airmc-i, j -i , who at a prodi- 
 lies in the Choir, found on his thumb a golden from th^ Chofr t’*'* f'f ’’T 
 Ring with a Ruby fet in it .1 ' *"‘1 eunous piece of 
 
 But to return : All the foremention’d Ioffes pillars’ is his'’nw^ which, between two 
 were fufficiently repair’d by King Edward 2 The Church has 
 
 ...bon U.A a 1,« cA.,!. eh. oi.., been accordingly dedicated to feveral Patrons 
 
 Amfhibalus, i Peter, S.Swithin, and laftly to the 
 Holy Trinity ; by w hich iMme it is call’d at pre- 
 lent. Among the Saxons, it was in great repute, 
 for Its being honour’d with the Sepulture of 
 fome of their Kings; whofe bones were gathe- 
 red by Richard Fox Bifliop, and pnt into little 
 gilded Coffins, which, with their feveral In- 
 fcriptions, he placed upon a wall that runs a- 
 long the upper part of the Qiifre. It w.as for- 
 merly calld II ealben-mynpeen, i e the old 
 Mmaileiy or MinHer, to diftinguifhfr from the" 
 more modern one, * Neyan-mynp-en. i. e iVew ’ 
 
 MnHm which King 2 ElfreVfo:!:a’de]; SfNm.;n ' 
 At this day, the City is pretty populous, and “if ^^mlToj\e%Zf'^^ 
 well water d by the divided ftreams of the ri- for ll v T ground, Ghron. Sai. 
 
 tHp nlA rmo C„fl r__ 1 1 * 
 
 ,, /«ruy well 
 
 as the o/i one, was firft founded for marry’d 
 Pneftsi who were afterwards expelled by Dun- 
 Itan Archbifhop of Canterbury, upon the mi- 
 mcle of a Crofs fpeaking, and condemning the 
 Order : ^d fo. Monks were brought into their 
 room. Thefe two Monafieries had their walls 
 fo near one another, that when they were ring- 
 ing in one, the noife was a difturbance to the 
 other ; upon W'hich, there arofe fome quar»*els 
 between the two Societies, and thefe afterwards 
 broke out into open feuds. This reafon, and 
 another inconvenience of a great flow of wa- 
 
 .2 ■ xv.uic, >viuLa ^as lome 
 
 old Records deliver it) coft him one year’s Re- 
 venue of the whole kingdom. But the Mona- 
 ftery rofe again in a noble fabrick (as the ru- 
 ins teftify,) growing, by degrees, till the fatal 
 period for the deftmdtion of Monks. For then, 
 
 ^is W'as demolifli d; and that other of the Holy 
 Trinity, which is the Cathedral Ciiurch, up- ' 
 on the ejedtion of the Monks, had a new foun- 
 dation of a Dean and 12 Prebendaries. On the 
 Eaft-fide of the Cathedral, ftood a fpacious pa- 
 lace of the Bifhop s, call’d Wohefey fbuilt am. Wolvefey. 
 Dotn. 1137. by Henry Bifhop of Winchefter, Leiger-hoc 
 andl fortify’d with feveral turrets, and almoft of 5 # CroJi 
 lurrounded by the river, and reaching to the 
 City-walls. TT^his was feiz’d in the late Civil 
 W ars, and pull’d down, to make money of the 
 Lead and other materials bur, fince the Re- 
 ftoration, Bifhop Morley laid out f a great Sum x j.qq j 
 on a handfbme ftruefure for that ufe, and, dy- ‘ ^ ‘ * 
 
 ins 
 
143 
 
 B E LG 
 
 144 
 
 A Conege 
 
 built by 
 William of 
 Wickham. 
 
 ]| With fome 
 others, C. 
 
 * Partheno 
 nem. 
 
 St. Mary’s 
 Abby. 
 
 Maud wife 
 to Henry !• 
 
 \ rfonsptis 
 
 ing brfore itwas finifll’d, left 500 pounds more 
 
 to complete it. Over the door IS this Inftriptn 
 
 on : Geomu! Murkj Efijcofm hm edes prop™ 
 i„fenfu A.D. idS4. .• e. Geo | 
 
 Morley, Eimop, built this houfe a-ne\v at his 
 charge, A. D. id84.1 In .t ie South-lu- 
 burbs, there is a neat College within it s view, 
 which mSiam of Wickham Bifhop of this See 
 rone of the greateft patrons and encomagcrs ot 
 Learning that England had, 
 rv will by that means be convey d to aU Mte 
 ritv ) built for a publick fchool, and which 
 fends out great numbers of learned men, into 
 Church and State. In this, there is a pleiitliul 
 maintenance for a Warden, ten Fel ows, two 
 Mailers, fcventy Scholars, fllthree Chaplains,thr 
 Oerks an Organift, lixteen Chorillers, and the 
 ftatutable Servants.! There were alfo other 
 noble buildings in this City (moftly confecra- 
 ted to religious ufes) which I (hall not menti- 
 on, becaule Time has dellroy d them ; tho 1 
 cannot but take notice of the * Numery, foun- 
 ded by JElfinide, wife to Ring Alfred ; it ha- 
 ving been fo noble a Pile (as the rums ot it 
 ftiU (hew,) and the place out of which Henry 1. 
 took his wife Aiiad, daughter of Malcolm King 
 I of Scots, by whom the Royal families ot the 
 Saxons and Normans were united ; whereby that 
 Prince gain’d much on the afteSions of the 
 . Engliih. For (lie was t grand-daughter ^°Ed- 
 ' mund Irmfide, by his fon Ed-ward, I'he baniflied ; 
 and a Lady endow d with all the vertues be- 
 coming a CJueen, but more efpecially eniinent 
 for piety and devotion. Whereupon, this old 
 Tetrafticfc was made in her commendation : 
 
 Projfera ttm hetam feclre, nee ajfera tri- 
 fient : 
 
 Jjpera rifus ei> profpera terror erant. 
 
 Non decor effecit Jragilenii non feeptra fu- 
 perbuni ; 
 
 Sola potens humilisy fola pudica decent. 
 
 Nor blefs’d, rejoye’d; nor when unhappy, 
 m.ourn’d ; 
 
 To laughter, grief ; and joy to fear (he 
 turn’d. 
 
 Nor beauty made her frail ; nor feeptres, 
 proud ; ... 
 
 Humble, tho' great ; and fcarce more fair 
 than good. 
 
 fThere have been in this City (as appears by 
 Bifhop Andrews’s Regillry) 3 2 Parilh-Churches, 
 which are now all demolifh’d, (ave eight. In 
 r- „ the Cathedral Church-yard, is a College ere- 
 
 aed by the late Bilhop M«r(cy, An. 1672. for 
 
 10 Minifters Widow s, and by him very well 
 endow’d with a yearly Revenue.! 
 
 Of Guy Earl of Warwick fo famous in flory, 
 (who here in fingle combat overcame Colbmnd 
 MTvBh(£us. the Danilb |1 Giant;) and of Waltheof^A of 
 Huntingdon, beheaded in this place, where ar- 
 terwards was the Chapel of St. Giles j and of 
 the famous adjoyning Hofpital of St. foun- 
 ded by Henry de Blots, Brother of King Stephen 
 and Bifliop of this City, and farther endow’d 
 by Henry de Beaufort Cardinal : Of thefe I fliall 
 lay nothing, becaufe they are related at large 
 in our common Hiftories. 
 
 Earls of Win- As to the Earls o^mncheflerj to paft by 
 cbefler. Clito a Saxon, who, at the coming-in of theNor- 
 . mans, was depriv’d of this * hereditary ho- 
 Saer gyiKcy Earl of 
 Arm^ Winchefter ; whofe Arms were f a Fcjje vnth a 
 + Baltheus \\ label of feven, as I learn’d from his feal. To 
 militaris. • fucceeded Roger his fon, who bore in a 
 
 Gnfo Jhen * mfclesveided Or. But hedy- 
 
 ing without Ifl'ue-male, the honour was extina 
 in him : for he marry’d the eldeft daughter and 
 co-heir by a former wife, ot Alan Lord ot 
 Galloway in Scotland, in whofe right he w.as 
 Conflable of Scedand. But he h.ad only riiree 
 daughters by her; the eldeft, marry d to^ft- 
 am deFermriis Earl ot Derby, the fecond to 
 Alan de la Zoiiche, the youngeft, to Comme Earl 
 of Buchan in Scotland. A ^ long time after, 
 
 Hmh le Defpencer was honour d with the title, 
 during life, by K. Edward 2, who doted much 
 on him ; but he and his ion had too late Expe- 
 rience, how fatal it often proves to be the fa- 
 vourites of a Prince : for both were put to 
 death by the fury of the People. A good while 
 after, by the bounty of King Edward 4, Lewis 
 de Bi-Uees a Belgian, Lord of Gruthufe,sni Prince 
 of Steinhufe (who had entertain’d that Prince m 
 Flanders when he fled thither for refuge,) ob- 
 tain’d this title, with Arms not much differing 
 from thofe of Roger de Quincy ; but, after the 
 death of Ring Edward, he furrender d it to 
 King Henry the In the * laft Age lave one,* ,vitMno»t 
 William P owlet. Lord Tre.ifurer ot El^land, c. 
 
 was honour’d by Edward 6 , with a new title of 
 Marquefs of Winchefter .which his Pofterity^„ 
 now enjoys, [with the additional title of |lDuke'^.jju^.^^^ 
 
 of Bolton in Yorkfhire.! Winchefter {lands m 
 the longitude of 22, and the latitude ot 51 > 
 according to the Obfervations of later ages. 
 rOn St. Katharine Wincheller, there 
 
 is a Camp with a Tingle work, and Tingle graft, rine’s hill. 
 neither exadly round nor fquarej but according Aubr. M 5 . 
 to the ground oi the hill.l Eaft from Win- 
 chefter, the river Hatnble difeharges it Telf outHarable. 
 of a large mouth into the Tea : Bede calls it 
 Homelea, and fays it runs through the country 
 of the Jutes, and falls into the Solente ; for losoieow' 
 he calls the chanel between Britain and the 
 of Wight, into which the two oppoTite tides 
 come-up at certain hours from the Ocean, 
 and meet here with great violence, and were fo 
 aftonifhing a light to thofe ancient Inhabitants, 
 that they reckon’d it one of the wonders ot 
 Britain. Of which, take Bede’s own words ; 
 
 T/coo tides luhich flow round the Britiflo Ifland out of 
 the vafl northern Ocean, do daily meet together and 
 encounter each other beyond the mouth of the river Ho- 
 melea, and, the confliEi ended, the waves retire into 
 the fea from whence they came. Into this chanel, 
 another fmall river empties it felf, which, ri- 
 ling near Warnjord, runs between the foreft of 
 
 ling lltili yy lit iLJ\il IX, A wiio ^ 
 
 Waltham (where j was a ftately feat of the Bi- Waltham. 
 Ihops of Winchefter, fruin’d in the late Civil + h, C. 
 
 mops or W lllLllCLLCl, liuiuu. lu I - . 
 
 Wars)! and the foreft of Bere, by 
 where was formerly a fmall Monaftery, built by 
 Peter de Rupibm Bi^op of Winchefter, and lince, 
 the chief feat of the Wriotbeflys Earls of South- 
 ampton j fthe laft of whom dying without ilTue- 
 male, this Eftate came to Edward, firft Earl of 
 Gainsborough, by marriage with Elizabeth, 
 daughter and co-heir of the faid Earl j whofe 
 fon dying without iflue-male, it defeended to 
 'two daughters, co-heirs.1 
 
 Hence, the Ihore winds inwards, and, together 
 with the Bland call’d Ponefey, makes a creek ; portefe)> 
 at the upper-part of which flourilhed formerly 
 Port-peris, where tradition fays that Vefpalian 
 landed. Our Anceftors gave it the new name 
 of Portchefler, not from Port, the Saxon, but 
 from por^Kj a harbour. For Ptolemy, from its 
 largenefs, calls it Mlyas i. e. the fpacious 
 Port; and fo, a place in Africa was call d portus 
 tus magnus, as we learn trom Pliny. 'I’here is a nu5. 
 large Caftle ftill remaining, which commands a 
 free and full profpeft to the harbour below. 
 
 But when the fea, retiring from this lliore, 
 made the harbour by degrees lefs commodious. 
 

 hamshire. 
 
 1^6 
 
 portfey. 
 
 * Ofltnfu 
 uxiSo. 
 
 they remov’d hence to Portfey, an adjoyning 
 Illand, about 14 miles round. At high tide it 
 is eucompafs’d -with fea-water, of which they 
 make fait j and is joyn’d to the continent by a 
 bridge, which had a Fort to defend it. AtJoel- 
 pd, wife of King Edgar, gave this Ifland to 
 New-Minfler in Winchefter ^ and, at the en- 
 trance or ■ mouth of the creek, our Anceftors 
 built a town, which from thence they call’d 
 Portfmouth.Portj?KO«?/j, i. e. the ?noutb of the Port. This, in 
 time of war, is very populous, but not fo in 
 time of peace j and they apply themfelves more 
 to War and Navigation, than to the politer 
 Studies. It has a Church, of ancient w^ork j 
 God’s-houfe.and an Hofpital (which they call God’s-houfe) 
 founded by Peter de Rufibm Billiop of Winchc- 
 fter. It was fortify ’d with a wall of timber 
 lin’d with mud, and a high mount to the north- 
 eaft, near the gate, and two torts of tree-ltone 
 at the entrance of the harbour, which the in- 
 habitants fay were begun by King Edward 4, 
 and finifh’d by Henry 7, who, they add, fettl’d 
 a garrifon in this tow'n. But Queen Elizabeth, 
 at vaft expence, fo fortify’d it by new Works, 
 
 * Is, C. t 4 iat it * was hard to fay how a Place f could 
 + Can,C.poflibly be made II ftronger. And the garrifon 
 
 Fo>'’keep guard night and day, fome attheTown- 
 gates, and others upon the top of the Church- 
 5m.?. Ann. tower, w'here, by the tolling of a Bell, they give 
 c. 2^. notice what numbers of Horfe and Foot are 
 at any time coming toward the Town, and, 
 
 * by hanging out the Colours, fhew from what 
 quarter they come. [The appearance of this 
 place (as to the extent, flrength and magnifi- 
 cence of the land-fortifications, as well as things 
 belonging to marine affairs) is very much im- 
 proved of late years. For through the growth 
 of in England, it is now reckon’d 
 
 amongft the principal Chambers of the King- 
 dom, for the laying-up of it’s Royal Navy ; a; 
 being furnifh’d on fiiore with Docks wet and 
 dry, Store-houfeSf Rope-yards^ materials and re- 
 quifites of all kinds for the building, repairing; 
 rigging, arming, victualling, and complcat fit- 
 ting to fea, fliips of the higheft rates. It has 
 alfo Dwelling-houfes and ample Accommoda- 
 tions for a Commiflioner, and all the fubordi- 
 nate Officers .and Mafter-Artizans, needful for 
 the conftant attending and executing the day 
 and night-fervices of the Navy in this Port, 
 both in Peace and War. It hath given the title 
 of Dutchefs, to Lovife de QjieronaUei created by 
 King Charles the 2^^, in the year i<573.1 
 Hence, from Portes-bridge, upon a little turn- 
 ing of the Ihore, I faw Havant, a fmallmarket- 
 Warblington. towm j and near it Warblingm, formerly a beau- 
 tiful feat of the Earls of Salisbury, now of the 
 f Knights, family of the Cottons Before thefe, there lie 
 C. ^ two Ifiands ; the larger, call’d Haling, the lefs; 
 Haling. 'f]mney, from the thorns ; and each has it’s Pa- 
 rifh-Church. In fevefai places along this fliore; 
 out of the fea-water that comes up, they make 
 fait ; which at firft is of a fort of pale green 
 colour, but by an art they have, it is after- 
 wards boil’d into a pure white. And it is of 
 this fea-falt, not of the other which is made in 
 Britiih Salt.our Englifh pits, that St. Ambrofe is to be un- 
 Hexameron, derflcod : Let m look upon thofe things vjhich are 
 lib. 4. cwd luithal full of kindnefs to man", hoiv 
 
 “water is turnd into fuch firm and folid fait, that it 
 is often cut with infirutnents oj iron •, which is ufu- 
 aliy Jeen in the BritiJIo falts, that are crufted into a 
 fukflance hard and white as marble, and are very 
 wholfom, &c. 
 
 * Live, C. At a greater diftaiice from the fea, * liv’d the 
 Mcanvari. Meanvari, whofe Country (togerher w'ith the 
 
 Ille of Wight) Edilwalch King of the Soiith- 
 Saxons receiv’d from fVulpherKing of the Mer-, 
 
 cians, who was his God-father, and at his Bap- See Bede, 
 tifm gave him ^ this as a token of Adoption, 4- 
 1 heir Country is now divided into three Hun- 
 dreds, with a very little change from the an- 
 cient name, viz. Aleansborow, Eaflmean, Id/'eafi^’ 
 tnean, f(this laft has the name of a Tything-,)'] 
 within w'hich, is a high hill fortify’d at the top 
 with a large trench, and call’d Old IVinchefley, Old Winebe* 
 where tradition tells us there was an ancient 11", 
 
 City j but now there is not the leaft mark or 
 fign of it ; fo that it feems to have been only 
 a Roman Summer-Camp, fin thefe parts, the 
 learned Annotator upon the Itinerary, places a Gale, p. 
 People of the Iceni (dilHncf from thofe that 
 are commonly known by that name) about the 
 river Iching', and indeed Cxfar himfdf fpeaksof 
 the Icenimagni or Cenimagni (deicended probably Bell. Gall, 
 from the Cenimanni in Gaule) as neighbours to^* 5 * 
 the Segontiaci, and the names of MeanHoke, Me- 
 ansburrow, and Mean, are fuppofed - by him to 
 be the Remains of the ancient name Cenimag- 
 ni ; how truly, I dare not fay.l 
 
 Below the forementioned Fort, lies Warn- Warnford. 
 ford, where Adam de Portu, a man of great 
 wealth and figure in thofe parts, under William 
 the Conqueror, rebuilt the Church, as we learn 
 from this rude Diftich in the wall : 
 
 Aug. 19. 
 Havant. 
 
 Addi£ hk portu, benedicat folis ah ortu, 
 
 Gens Deo dicata, per quern fic fiim reno-^ 
 vata. 
 
 Good folks, in your devotions ev’ry day. 
 
 For Adam Port, who thus repair’d me, 
 pray. 
 
 fNoWs the Infcriptioii is thusi 
 
 Ade hie de Portu Solis benedicat ab ortu, 
 
 Gens cruce Jignata, per quern Jic fum re- 
 novata. 
 
 And, as by thefe the Repairer is difeover’d, 
 lb is the Founder of it by three others upon the 
 South-iide : 
 
 Fratres orate, prece veHra fanclificate, 
 
 T'empU faiiores, feniores Cj juniores, 
 
 HMjrid jtmdavit, bonus Adam fic rem- 
 vavit. 
 
 All you that come here. 
 
 Reflow a kind prayer 
 On the Church’s builders. 
 
 Both youngers and elders; 
 
 What pious Wilfrid rais’d 
 Good Adam increas’d.! 
 
 More inward, there border upon thefe, the 
 Segontiaci I who fubmitted themfelves to Cxfar, 
 and inhabited the Northern limits of this Coun- 
 ty, in the Hundred of Holefm : in which w'e 
 meet with Aidton, a Market-town that KingAulton. 
 Alfred left by will to the Keeper of Leodre ; and 
 Bafmgfioke,^ well-frequented market, which fhowsBafingftokc. 
 a very neat Chapel, dedicated to the Holy 
 Ghoft, built by William the firft Lord Sands, 
 who lies bury’d there. Upon the root, the Hi- 
 ftory of the Prophets, Apoftles, and Difciples 
 of Chrift, is very curioully deferib’d with their 
 feveral piftures. Below this place to the Eaft, 
 lies Bc^ng fmemorable .of old for a Battle ofBafirg. 
 Etheldred and Alfred .againft the Danes, where- 
 in tile latter v^ere Conquerors ; and lince,! fa- 
 mous for it’s Lords of that Sirnan^e, and theSt. Johns. 
 St. Jolms, Poynings and Powlets. For when A- 
 dam de Portu, Lord of Bajing, marry ’d the 
 daughter and heir of Roger de Aurevali, whole 
 wife was daughter and heir of the noble fa- 
 
 T mify 
 
H 7 
 
 B E L GJE. 
 
 148 
 
 Out of ap old mily ct: the St. ^ohns j Williayn, fon of the fnid 
 itii/Tal of' this great refpeftj took the name of St.yohn, 
 
 fami which -was clerlvt'd to his poflerity, in a lineal 
 
 Succcflion. But -when Edmund de St. yoJyn, in 
 the time of Edward 3, died without iflue, Mar- 
 garet his fider brought to her husband, john de 
 St. PhiUberty the Edate of the Lords St. John. 
 She likewife dying without ilfue, JJdbel her 
 other lifter, wife of Luke PoyningSy had by him 
 T’lmnaa Lord ot Bajingy whofe grand-child Cm- 
 ftantiay by his fon Hugh, was heir to this part 
 of the eftate ; and marrying into the family ot 
 Powlet. the Poivlets, was the great grandmother of that 
 William Poiukt, who by King Henry 8. was 
 made Baron St. yobn of Bajlng ; and by King 
 Edward 6 . Earl of Wiltfijire, and Marquefs ot 
 WtmheHer. He was Lord High Trealurer of' 
 England, and, after he had in themoft trouble- 
 fome times palled through a courfe of the 
 He lived 97 higheft honours, he dy’d in a good old age : a 
 
 jears. 
 
 Vines firft 
 brought in- 
 
 happinefs,that Courtiers feldom find. He built 
 here a feat, both for largencfs and beauty ex- 
 ceeding magnificent ; but fo overcharg’d with 
 it s own weight, that his pofterity were forc’d 
 to pull down part of it. 
 
 Nigh this place we fee The Vine, a beauti- 
 ful houfe of the f Barons Sandes, and fo call’d 
 
 On the ground luhereon this City ijeai built (I fpeak 
 in Ninnius’s ^■.•ords) the Emperor ConHantim fov/d 
 three grains of Corn, that no perfon inhabiting there, 
 might ever be poor. So Dinocrates, at tlie build- 
 ing of Alexandria in Egypt (as Marcellinus has 
 it) ftrewed all the out-iines with f Wheat, by + Farinj. 
 w hich Omen he foretold, that that City ftiould 
 alw'ays be fupply’d with plenty of proviiions. 
 
 I’he fame Autlior reports, that ConBantim dy’d 
 here, and that his Tomb was to be leen at the 
 gate of the City, as appear’d by the inferipti- 
 on. But in thefe matters let Niunius vindicate 
 his own credit ; who, indeed, has ftutf’d that 
 little hiftory with many trifling lies. But thus 
 much I dare affirm, that this was a flourifhing 
 City in that age j and I my fclf have found 
 tiiere feveral coins of ConBantine Junior, fon of 
 ConBantine the Great, whicli on tiic reverfe have 
 the figure of a building, with this inferiprion, 
 PROVIDENTIAE CAESS. But all Writers 
 agree, that ConBantim, whom Ninnius makes 
 the builder of this city, dy’d at MopfueBia, or 
 Mebfete, in Cilicia, and was thence carry ’d to 
 Conftantinople to be interr’d among his Ance- 
 ftors. L deny not, but that a Cenotaphium or 
 honorary Tomb might be fet-up here for the 
 Emperor; for fuch like || Barrows of earth were ]] Ti/wa//, 
 
 + Now ex^'fjom whicli we have had in Britain, more | often made in memory of the dead; round which, Honorar^ 
 
 tinft. 
 VopiTcus. 
 
 for fhade than fruit, ever fince the time of the foldicrs had yearly folemii Courfes or ” 
 
 Probm the Emperor. For it was he, who gave ercifes, in honour of the deceas’d party. l^^rrows. 
 
 Barons de 
 Sandes, 
 
 liberty to the Britains and others, to have 
 Vines. The firft Baron of this family^ was 
 William Sandes, whom King Henry 8. ad'vancM 
 to that honour, when, being his Chamberlain, 
 he had encrcas’d his eftate by marriage with 
 Margery Bray, daughter and heir ot John Bray, 
 and Coufin of Reginald Bray Knight of the 
 Garter, and a Knight-Banneret of great name. 
 
 * "Eo him was born Thomas Lord Sandes, f*who. 
 
 ^ was fucceeded by three ot the fame family, and 
 
 liam ROW r , 
 living, C. ™ ^he name ot William ; the laft of whom, 
 was fucceeded by Henry, Lord Sandes or San- 
 dys. 1 Nigh this place, to the/outh-eaft, lies 
 
 ^ t adorn’d with a Palace of the Kings 
 
 and once the prifon of David 2, King of Scots. 
 It was formerly a free burrough efthe Bifliops 
 Matth. Paris. of Wiiichffter ; the Caftle whereof in the reign 
 of King John was defended by 13 EngliHi-men, 
 for 15 days together, againft Lewis Dauphin 
 of France, who attack’d it vigoroully on all 
 fides. 
 
 Higher up, among thefe Segontiaci, upon the 
 North-border of the County, lay the City of the 
 Vindonum. Segontiaci, cdikcWindcnum I and in Manuferipts 
 Coinme nc. in (faith Dr. Gale) Vindini, from Vindinum in Gaule, 
 Itmcrar, p. chief city of the Julinxi Cenimagni ; who 
 
 * 35 ' 
 
 fettled here, l' This Vindonum, leaving it’s old 
 name, took that of the Inhabitants ; as Lute- 
 tia in France borrow’d it’s new name from the 
 Parifians. For this place was call’d by the Bri- 
 tains Caer Segonte, that is, the City of the Segon- 
 tiaci, (and fo Ninnius terms it in his Catalogue 
 Silcefier. of Cities ; ) we at this day call it Silcefier ; and 
 Higden feems to^ give it the name of Britenden, 
 trem the Britains. I am induc’d to call this 
 the antient Vindonum, becaufe it agrees with 
 the diftanccs of Vindonum, from Gallena orcGiial- 
 lenford, and from Vinta or Winchefier, in the 
 Itinerary of Antoninus ; and further, becaufe 
 a military w'ay is ftill vifible between this Sil- 
 cefter and WincheBer. Ninnius tells us, that 
 tills City was built by ConBantius fon of Con- 
 ftantine the Great, and that it was once call’d 
 Murimirtam. Murimintiav, perhaps for Muri-vindun, that is, 
 the Walls oj Vindom?n .- for the Britains retain 
 the word Mure, which they borrow’d from the 
 Roman language ; and as to tlie V cenfonant, 
 they often, in pronunciation, change it into M. 
 
 When the Roman Empire began to decline, 
 and the barbarous nations made incurlions on 
 all Tides into the Provinces ; the Eritifh armies, 
 fearing that they might be involv’d in the ca- 
 lamity of their Neighbours, chofe themfelves 
 Emperors, firft Marcm, and then Gratian; and 
 prefently murder’d both. And laft of ail, in 
 the year 4 ® 7 > *i*^d in this City Caer Segont, they * 
 
 chofe one ConBantine, purely for the fake 
 
 — J :..n. 1 ^ ... ^.r. . Conltancine 
 
 his name and againft his own will ; as Ninni-J^JJlXiT 
 us and Cervafius Dorobernenfis tell us. He, Emperor for 
 fetting fail from Britain, arriv’d at in of hi$ 
 
 France, and got all the Roman forces, as far"^'”®* 
 as the Alps, to joyu him. He defended Va- 
 lence, a city cf Gaul, with great refolution, a- 
 gainft the forces of Honorim the Emperor, and 
 placed Garrifons upon the | Rhine, which hadf 
 been a long time negledcd. He alfo built for- 
 treljes at the feveral Paflbs of the Alps. In 
 Spain, by the affiftance ot ConBans his fon, 
 whom from a Monk he had rais’d to the title 
 of AuguBus, he w’as very fuccefsful ; and then 
 fending letters to Honorius to beg pardon for 
 fuffering the foldicrs to caft the Purple upon 
 him, he receiv’d an Imperial Robe from the 
 Emperor. Buoy’d up with this, he pafs’d the 
 Alps with defign to march to Rome ; but hear- 
 ing of the death of Alaric the Goth, who had 
 been a friend to his caufe, he retreated to Arles, 
 where he fixed the Imperial feat, and com- 
 manded the city to be call’d || after his own il 
 name, and fummoii’d thither afolemn meeting 
 of feven Protinccs. In the meantime, Gerontim 
 rais’d a faction againft his Mafter ; and, after 
 he had traitcroufly flain Confians his fon at Vi- 
 enne in Gaul, befieged Conftantine the Father, 
 in Arles : but when one, whom the Hiftorians 
 call ConBantim (lent by the Emperor Honori- 
 us,) was marching againft him w ith an army ; 
 
 Gesontim laid violent hands upon himfelf In 
 the mean time, Conftantine, being reduc’d to 
 peat ftrairs, and by fome unfuccefsful Tallies 
 fought todcfpair, quitted his burthenfome 
 Honour, and, entring into the Church, took 
 cm him the Order ot a * Prieft : upon wliich, * Pritijuri- 
 thf city was prefently furrender’d, and he led 
 prifper into Italy, where he was beheaded, 
 
 With Julian his fon (whom he had entitled the 
 
 niifi 
 
150 
 
 HAMSHIRE. 
 
 Julian enti- mofi Noble, ) iinti Sebaftian his brother. The 
 tied tlic moft jjjfjory of thtfe aftairs, which is before dcli- 
 Noble. more at large, I have here abridged from 
 
 Zojinitu, Zofomen, Nice^horm, Orofim, and Olym- 
 fiodorm ; that 'i'ruth may triumph over the 
 vanity of thofe, who by the help of their own 
 invention have adulterated this Hiftory with 
 idle and ridiculous Fables. 
 
 Our Hiftorians report, that in this city was 
 the Inauguration of our Valiant King Arthur', 
 and foon after, the place W’as demolished, ei- 
 ther in the Saxon "Wars, or when Athelwolf (in 
 rebellion againflK. Edward his brother, and afli- 
 flcd by that crew of Danilh Robbers) deftroy’d 
 all this country as far as Ba/iuglioke- Nothing now 
 remains, but the walls, which (though they 
 have loft their coping and battlements) feem to 
 have been exceeding high. For, by the rub- 
 bifli and ruins, the earth is grown io high, that 
 * I could Scarce thruft my felf through a * paf- 
 
 ium. lage which they call Onion s-hole ; though I 
 
 Onion’s-hole- .^ioop’d very low. The walls remain in good 
 meafure entire ,* only, with Some few gaps in 
 thofe places, where the gates have been ; and 
 out of theie walls, there grow Oaks of fuch a 
 vaft bignefs, incorporated as it were with the 
 ftones, and their roots and boughs are Spread 
 fo far round 5 that they raife admiration in ail 
 that behold them. The walls are about two 
 Italian miles in compafs ; fo that, perhaps, it 
 was from the largenefs of the place, that the 
 Saxons call’d it Selcefter, that is, the great City. 
 
 Sel, whst. For Sel Seems in their language to have fignified 
 great ; fince Afl'erius Menevenfis interprets the 
 Saxon vwd Seluwd,by Sylva magna, i. e. a great 
 rs^ood. On the weft-fide of the walls, whore 
 it is level, there runs a long ridge, caft-up for 
 a Defence to the place. It contains about 80 
 acres, being a very good foil, now divided into 
 Separate fields, with a little grove to the weft ; 
 and eaftward, near the gate, a farm-houfe, with 
 a Small Church of modern building ; in w'hich, 
 I Search’d for ancient Inscriptions, but found 
 only Some Coats of Arms in the window's, viz. 
 Arms of the in a field fable /even FujUs argent Bendwife as 
 Bleyiets, alfo, in a field fable a JFeffe between two chevrons 
 Or, and in a fioield Or an eagle difplayd with two 
 " heads, gules. I find thefe laft to be the Arms 
 
 of the Blewets, to whom this eftate came, after 
 the time of William the Conqueror ; the Second, 
 are the Arms of the noble family of Bainard of 
 Leckham ; and the firft is the Coat of the family 
 of the Cufanz., through whom the eftate pafs’d 
 by Inheritance from the Blewets to the Bainards. 
 But in the reign of William the Conqueror, 
 this was the Eftate of IVilliam de Ow the Nor- 
 man, who, being accus’d of high Treafon, choSe; 
 to maintain his Innocence by Duel •, bur, be- ; 
 ing conquered, he was by command of William 
 Rufus punifh’d with the lofs of his eyes and 
 tefticles. The inhabitants of the place told 
 me, it had been a conftant observation among 
 them, that tho’ the foil here is fat and fertile, 
 yet in a fort of baulks that croSs one another, 
 the corn never grows So thick as in other parts 
 cf the field ; and along thefe they believe the 
 ftreets of the old City to have run. They very 
 frequently dig-up Britifli tiles, and great plenty 
 of Roman Coins, which they call Onion-petmies, 
 from one Onion whom they fooliflily fanSy to 
 have been a Giant, and an inhabitant of this 
 city. They alfo often find Inscriptions, which 
 the Ignorance of the Country-people has de- 
 ftroyed, and rendered ufelcfs to the World. 
 There is only one remaining, which was brought 
 up to London, and plac’d in the garden of the 
 honourable William Cecil Baron ofBurghley, and 
 Lord High Treafurer of England ; 
 
 MEMORI^ 
 
 FL. VICTORI- 
 NA. T. TAM: 
 
 VICTOR CONIUX 
 POS VIT. 
 
 I fhall not be pofitive, as Some are, that this 
 was a monument in memory of ViSiorina, who 
 W'as called Mater CaCirorum, i. e. Mother of the 
 Camps ; and who Set up the lAitiorini, ion and 
 grandfon,_ and Poflhumm, LoUianm, Marins, and 
 Tefrkm, in Gaul and Britain, againft Gallie^ 
 nm the Emperor. But I have Somewhere read, 
 that there were two Viclors in Britain, and thofe 
 at the Same time ; one. Son of Maximus the 
 Emperor i the other, * Captain of the Guards* pratorh 
 to the fame Emperor, and mention’d by St. PnefeUM. 
 Ambrofe in his Epiftles. However, I dare af- 
 firm, that neither of thefe was the Vi£ior, 
 who fet up this monument in memory of his 
 wife. 
 
 As there is one Roman military way that 
 runs South from hence, direftly to Winchefter ; 
 fo is there another that goes weftward, thro’ 
 
 P amber (a thick and woody foreft ^ ) thence, Pamber. 
 
 by Some places now uninhabited, near Litchfield, 
 
 that is, the field of carcajfes i and So to the tbreft 
 
 of Chute, very pleafant by reafon of its fliadyChute.forefi. 
 
 trees, and the diverfions of hunting ; where 
 
 the HuntSmen and Forefters admire the paved 
 
 Ridge, which is plainly viSible, tho’ here and 
 
 there interrupted. 
 
 More to the North, almoft on the limits 
 of this County, I Saw Kings-cleare, former- Kings-clcare. 
 ly a feat of the Saxon Kings, now a well- 
 frequented market ^ fwithin a mile of which 
 is an ancient Square Camp, and Some obfeure 
 Remains of a large Building, that is Said to 
 have been a Caftlc: 1 Sidmamon, the feat of theSidmanton. 
 Knightly family of Kingfmils', [(within half a 
 mile of which, on Ladle-hill, is another ancient Ladle-hill. 
 Encampment j )1 z.v\di Burgh-cleare, under a high Burgh-clearc. 
 hill, on the top of which is a military camp 
 (fuch as our anceftors call’d Burgh,) Surrounded 
 with a large trench : and there being a proSpe(ft 
 from hence all the country round, a Beacon 
 I w^as built upon it, which by fire *gave notice f Li C, 
 to the neighbouring p.arts, of the approach of* 
 an enemy. TAnd a very proper place this was, 
 for'fuch a purpofe ; there being from hence a clear 
 profpeft northward to Cuckhamfley-hill (w’here a- 
 nother Beacon was ufed to be kept) and Eaft- 
 ward almoft as far as Reading, and Southward 
 all over Hamfliire, as far as the Ifle of Wight.l 
 This kind of watch-towers have the name of 
 Beacons, from the old word Beaman, i.e. to 
 beckon : They have been in uSe, here in Eng- 
 land, for Several ages in Some places made of 
 a high pile of wood, and in others, of little 
 barrels fill’d with pitch, fet on the top of a high 
 pole in places moft expos’d to view, where 
 fome always keep watch in the nightj and for- 
 merly the horfemen, call’d by our Anceftors 
 Hohelers, w'ere fettl’d in Several places, to figni- 
 fy the approach of an enemy by day. TNorth- 
 weft from hence, on the edge of Barkfhire, is 
 a Square Camp, nigh w'eft Wbodhay, in a place Woodhay. 
 call’d Wdllborough ; which, without doubt, took 
 the name from the Fortifications.1 
 
 I’his County (as w'ell as all the reft which we 
 have been hitherto defcribing) belong’d to the 
 Weft-Saxon Kings ; and (as Marianus tells us,) 
 when Sigebert was depo&d for tyrannical op- 
 preflions of his Subjects, he had this County aS- 
 lign’d him, that he might not feem intirely 
 divefted of Government. But, for his re- 
 peated crimes, they afterwards expeli’d him out 
 
£51 
 
 B E LG yE. 
 
 152 
 
 of thole parts too; and the milerable condition 
 of this depos^’d Prince was fo far from moving 
 :Andcrida. pity, that, concealing himfelf in the wood An- 
 deridat he W'as there kill’d by a Swine-herd. 
 
 This County has had very few Earls, befides 
 
 thbfe of WinebefteYi which 1 have mention d be- 
 fore. rin the Saxon times, particularly in the 
 year 860 (in the time of King Ethelbert) O/n'e 
 feems to have had this honour, by his leading 
 up the Hamfliire-men againft the Danes, toge- 
 ther with Etheiwulf and his Berkfhire-men ; 
 tho’ by the Saxon-Annals they are both ftyl’d 
 Calaopmeii. Whether, in K. Edgar’s time,^^/'er^, 
 and afterwards JEdfhdm^ had the fame Honour, I 
 dare not be poiitive.1 About the coming-in of the 
 * Beavofm. Normans, one Bogo, or* Beavoyfe, a Saxon, had 
 this title ; who, in the battle at Cardiff in'W lies, 
 engaged the Normans. He was a man mighti- 
 ly fam’d for his valour and condufl: ; but while 
 the Monks endeavour’d to extol him by legen- 
 dary tales, they have cbfeured and drow'ned 
 his truly noble Exploits. From that time, we 
 read of no Earl of this County, till the reign 
 of Henry the 8'^, who advanced William Fitz.- 
 WiUiams (defeended from the daughter of the 
 Marquefs Montacute, and then very old,) to 
 
 the honours of Earl of Southampton, and Lord 
 High Admiral of England. But he loon dying 
 without iflue. King Edward 6 . in the hrft 
 year of his reign, center’d that honour upon 
 ‘Thomo6 WriotheJley'Lord Chancellor of England; 
 and his grandfon Henryk by Henry his fon, 
 t enjoy’d the fame title ; who in his youngerij^Q,^ 
 years improv’d the nobility of his birth with C. 
 the additional ornaments of Learning and mi- 
 litary arts ; that in his riper age he might em- 
 ploy them in the fervice ofhis King and Coun- 
 try. [After his death, this Honour defcended 
 to 'flmnoi his fon, who, upon the Reftoration 
 of King Charles 2, was created Knight of the 
 Garter, and made Lord High Treafurcr of 
 England. He was thrice niarry’d, but left no 
 iffue-male, nor any other to inherit his Title; 
 fo that Charles Fitx.~Royt eldefl fen to the 
 Dutchefs of Clea'velandi had the honour of 
 Duke of Southampton confer’d upon him by 
 King Charles the fecond, in the 27'*^ year of 
 his reign ; being alfo created, at the fame time, 
 Baron of Newberry and Earl of Ciiichefter.l 
 
 "there are in this County 253 Parffes^ and 1 8 
 Market-tov:ns. 
 
 ISLE of W 1 G HT. 
 
 O this County of Southamton, 
 there belongs an Wand which 
 is ftretch’d out,over-againfl it, 
 to the South; by the Romans 
 call’d Veda, Vellis, and ViBe- 
 Jis ; by Ptolemy, ’Ov'idhmss by 
 the Britains, Guith ; by the 
 Saxons, ffihc and Fib-laii6,l fuidanb and 
 FiCt)-ea (for they call’d an Wand, Ca,) and by 
 us at this day. The IJle of Wight, and^ Whight. 
 It is feparated from the Continent of Britain 
 by fuch a fmall rapid Chanel (formerly call’d 
 Solent,) that it feems to have been joyn’d to it; 
 whence (as Ninnius obferves) the Britains call’d 
 it Guith, w’hich fignifies si Separation : As Sicily, 
 in the opinion of fulim Scaliger, had it’s name 
 from the Latin .Sw; becaufe it was broken oftj 
 and as it were dijfeB:ed from Italy. Whence 
 (with fubmilTion ahvays to the Criticks) I would 
 read that paflage in the fixth of Seneca’s Na- 
 tural Quefiions, Ab Italia Sicilia refedta ; and not 
 rejeBa, as it is commonly read. [But this opi- 
 nion concerning the original of the name, 
 however plaufible, is not uniterfally agreed-to. 
 For tho’ Ninnius, a Britain, has call’d it Guith; 
 yet it was after the coming-in of that people 
 wEichourHiftorians term futa,o.nd the Saxons 
 Jocap and juena cymn ; and, at the fame time, 
 all agree that this Wand fell to their fhare, 
 upon the expulfion of the Britains. Now, 
 Bede exprefly names them Vita, which the 
 Saxon Idiom, of courfe, would make Wita, as 
 it changed Vir into Wep. And the Interpreter 
 of Bede calls the fates who came over, Geauap, 
 or Getes, which points out to us their firft 
 original from the Goths, once fo confidera- 
 * Cap. 35. ble a People in Germany. In the * Laws of 
 Edward the Confelfor, they are named Guti, 
 t GloITar. in ^yhich (as f Sir Henry Spelman obferves) by a 
 * cuftom of changing Gu into Wy or Wi, becomes 
 
 the fame with Wyti or Witi ; and the Saxon 
 Afpiration, us’d in hundreds of the like inftan- 
 
 ces, brings it to the true writing fibc and 
 fibdand. If the names may be thus recon- 
 ciled without draining, the reafon of the thing 
 makes the conjefture probable enough. For 
 what can we inuagin more natural, than that 
 this People fhould call their Divifion after their 
 own name ; in the fame manner as the Saxons 
 and Angles (the two other fharers) fix’d their 
 names upon their relpedive bounds; as any one 
 may obferve by the ancient Divifion of Eng- 
 land ? But of thefe two Opinions, every one 
 is at liberty to chufe which he pleafes.1 From 
 the nearnefs of fituation, and likenefs of the 
 name, we may guefs this VeB:a to be that Ida 
 wEich (as Diodorus Siculus has it) at every 
 tide feem’d to be an Wand ; but, at the time 
 of the ebb, the ground between this Ifland and 
 the Continent was fo dry, that the old Bri- 
 tains us’d to Carry over their tinn in Carts, in 
 order to tranfport it into France. But I can- 
 not think this to be Pliny’s MiBis, tho’ lo like 
 the name VeBa : for in that Ifland there was 
 wEite lead, wEereas in this there is not any 
 one vein of metal, that I know of. 
 
 This Ifland, from eaft to w'ed, is of a Lentil 
 or oval form ; in length, 20 miles, and in the 
 middle, where it is broadeft, 12 miles over; 
 the fides_ lying north and fouth. To fay no- 
 thing of the abundance of Fifli in this fea; 
 the foil is very fruitful, and enables the Inha- 
 bitants to export Corn to other parts. There 
 is every where plenty of rabbits, hares, p-ir- 
 tridge, and pheafants ; and it has, befides, a 
 foreft and two parks, wEich are well flock’d 
 with deer, for the diverfion of hunting. Through 
 the middle of the Ifland, there runs a long 
 ridge of hills, where is plenty of paflure for 
 fheep ; whofe wool, next to that ofLemfler and 
 Cottefwold, is reckon’d the beft, and is in fuch 
 requeft with the Clothiers, that the Inhabi- 
 tants make great advantage of it. In the north 
 part, there is very good meadow-ground, pa- 
 ' fture, 
 
1 5' 
 
 HA M S H I R E. 
 
 154 
 
 fiurcj and wood j the IbutK part is all, in a 
 n;aniicr, a Corn-Country, enclos’d with ditches 
 and hedges. At each end, the fea from the 
 north, edges-in to inch a degree, that it makys 
 almoit tw o Wands ; which indeed are call’d 
 To by the inhabitants, that at the weft- 
 Frefii-water- end, FnJJ)^ater-IJle, the other at the eafl-end, 
 jOe. Bihbridg>i~ IJle. In Bede’s time, there were in 
 
 Binbridge- | hmtilics j now, it has towns, vil- 
 
 cailles. As to EccJefiaBkal Govern- 
 ment, it is under the jurifdiction of the Bifhop 
 of Winchefler ; as to CA/ 7 , under the County 
 of South-hamton. The inhabitants facetioufly 
 boaft, how much happier they are than their 
 * CucuJlam Neighbours, iince they never had either *Monks, 
 mnac'm. or Lawyers, or Foxes : FBut as to Monks, it is 
 certain that St. Mary’s in Carisbrooke, was a^ 
 Cell of Black Monks, belonging liril to Lyra in 
 Normandy, and afterwards to the Abbey of 
 Montgrace in Yorkfliire, and then to the Cifter- 
 cians of Sheen. Beddes tsLich, there were in 
 the Wand three Priories.! 
 
 Ncwpori:. '^he places of greateft note, are thefe : Nevo- 
 prt, the beft market in the Wand, formerly 
 call’d Medena, and Novus Burgm de Msden, i. e. 
 the nevj Eurrough oj Meden, whence the country 
 Eaft-Meden. it lies ealt or weft) is divided into Eaji- 
 Wcll-Meden. Meden and IVefi-Medtn. TTliis place hath given 
 the title of Earl to Montyoy Blount, created Aug. 
 3 - 4 ° Car. I. who was liiccecded in the fame 
 honour by his fon and heir George Blount and 
 he, by Henry his brotlier. In the year 1 7 1 1 . 
 'Thomas JVindjor (fon ot Thomas Lord Windfor, 
 Earl of Plimouth,) who had been created Vif- 
 count Windfor of the Kingdom of Ireland by 
 IGng William the third, was by Queeh Anne 
 created Baron Montjoy, from this place.! 
 Caere^brok Next, is Caereshrok, an old caftle in the 
 ’very middle of the Wand, feminent in the 
 Saxon-times ; 1 and fo call’d by a ftrange 
 mangling of the name for fLibcsapabupb, or! 
 Whitgaresburg, from one IVhitgar a Saxon of 
 * Lately, C. whom more hereafter. It was, * in the laft Age, 
 magnificently rebuilt by the Governcur. To 
 this caftle belong’d very many Knights Fees and 
 for antiquity, it exceeds all others in the liland 
 fbeing alfo frequently mention’d in our modern 
 Hiftories, lince the Imprifonmcnt of that Pi- 
 ous and Religious Prince, King Charles i\\q. firft, 
 Newton! Caftle.l Brading, another market-town. 
 
 Yarmouth. Neviton and Tarmouth Mayor-towns, which alfo 
 fend Burgefles to Parliament. This Tarmouth 
 and Shar^nore have their caftles, which t\ith 
 kVorJleys-zcsvitv fecure the north-weft fhore. Op- 
 pofite to thefe, and not above two miles di- 
 Hurft-caftle. ftant, is /fe}y?-caftle, built upon a little tongue 
 of land in Hamfhire. Quarre, where a || Mo- 
 ■vlMon.Anal. was founded Anno Dorn. 1132. fby 
 * Baldwin Earl of Devonlhire, and confecrated to 
 God^ijl, Virgin Mary.l Codjlnll, where J. Worfley 
 Eait-Co'ir* ^ Free-fchool : Weji-Govs and Eaft-Covs, 
 
 now both in rufis, were built at the Entrance 
 into Newport by Henry 8 of which Leland, 
 
 Coua fuhninea dux corufeant 
 Hac cajum colit, ille Solis ortnni 
 VeBam qua Neoportm intrat altam. 
 
 The two great Cows that in loud Thunder 
 roar. 
 
 This on the Eaftcrn, that the Weftern 
 fliore. 
 
 Where Newport enters ftatciy Wight. — - 
 
 Sandham. On the North-eaft fide, ftands Sandham~zs.~ 
 file, fortify ’d, like the reft, with great pieces of 
 Cannon. 
 
 The Illand is alfo well fortify ’d by Nature ; 
 being encompafs’d with a continu’d ridge of 
 rocks i and fbme lie under water all along be- 
 fore the Wand, to the great hazard and danger 
 of Sailors. But the raoft dangerous are, the 
 Needles, fo call’d becaufe they are very Jharp,and 
 pointed and the Shingles, which lie before the 
 weft-corner of the Illand : as on the eaft-fide,are 
 the Owers and the Alinon -, and on the North-Owers. 
 coaft, the Brambles ; fhelves, which often deceive Mi-xon. 
 the Seamen. And if there be any place wftere i^rambles. 
 an Enemy may conveniently land, that, accor- 
 ding to the old w’ay, is fenced with flakes fa- 
 ftened in the ground. 
 
 But for all this, it is not fo W'ell fortify ’d by 
 its rocks or caftles, as by it’s Inhabitants; who 
 are naturally warlike and coufagious ; and, by the 
 daily diligence and care of the Governour,have Ann. 1607. 
 the methods of Exercife fo perfeft, that, be the 
 fervice they are put upon what it will, they are 
 mafters of it : for they fhoot at a mark admira- 
 bly, keep their ranks, march orderly ; asocca- 
 fion requires, they can clofe into a round, or 
 loofen their Ranks : thew can endure long march- 
 es, and the fatigues of hot and dufty weather ; 
 in fhort, they are Mafters of whatever is requi- 
 lite in a good foldier. The Wand, of it felf, can 
 raife 4000 fuch men in times of war ; belides, 
 there are 3000 of the Hamfhire Militia, and 
 2000 of the Wiltiliire, appointed for the de- 
 fence of the Ifiand, upon all Emergencies. And, 
 that they may with greater cafe make head a- 
 gainft an Enemy, it is divided into eleven parrs, 
 every one of which has it’s Centoner, or Centu- 
 rion ', and it s Vintons, or Vicenarii, i. e. Leaders 
 of Twenty j not to mention the f great Cannon, 4 Tormenta 
 and tlie Centinels who keep W'atch on the high ma\ora. 
 hills where the Beacons ftand ,* and their Polls 
 and Couriers, ( by an obfolete name call’d 
 Hoblers,) who arc to give intelligence of all 
 occurrences to the Governour. 
 
 Vefpafian was the firft who reduced this 
 Illand to the power of the Romans, while he 
 ferv’d as a private Officer under Claudius. For the life of 
 thus Suetonius WTites of him ; In the reign ofT. Vejpafian, 
 Claudim, by the favour 0/' Narciilus, he was 
 Lieutenant of a Legion into Germany : being thence 
 removed into Britain, he fought 30 pitch'd Battels 
 with the Enemy, fubdud 2 powerf ul nations, took a- 
 bove 20 towns, together with the IJle of kVight which 
 lies upon the Coafl of Britain ; partly under the com- 
 mand of Aulm Plautim a Confular Lieutenant, part- 
 ly under the conduB of the Etnperor Claudim him- 
 felf. For which he was honour d with Triumphal 
 ornaments and, in a fhort time after, with * two * Duplex Sa^ 
 Sacerdotal Dignities. It was at this Wand, that cerdotium. 
 AleBm, when he had ufurp’d the Government 
 of Britain, f lay in wait for the Romans with ^ infpecuUs 
 his Fleet ; who yet by the help of a favourable IJ Midiis col- 
 fogg, got to fhore undifeover’d by the Enemy, 
 and fet fire to their own fhips, that there might 
 be no temptation to run away. The firft of the 
 Saxons that fubdu’d it, was Cerdiem ; and he 
 gave it to Stufu and who put thegiva- ' 
 
 teftpart of the Britilh Inhabitants to the Iword An. Dom. 
 mWhitgaraburgh, call’d fo from him, and now 53 °* 
 by contraftion Caeresbrok. After that, Wolpher 
 King of the Mercians fubdu’d this Wand, and 
 gave it, together with the country of the Ale- Bede 1. 4, 
 anvari, to Edelwaleh King of the South-Sax- ‘ 3 * 
 ons, when he flood Godfather to him. Cead- 
 walla King of the Weft-Saxons ( after Edd- 
 walch was kill’d, and Arvandus, a petty Prince 
 of the Wand, was made away) joyn’d it to his 
 own Dominions, and cruelly maiiacred almoft 
 all the Nativt-s of the Illand. He gave 300 
 Hides, the fourth p.art thereof, to Bilhop JVil- 
 
 C 
 
155 
 
 B E LG jE. 
 
 1 56 
 
 T?ede, I.4, 
 c. 16. 
 
 ViKtens, 
 
 •j- t'rwnHa- 
 
 Reodford. 
 
 f.af, who firfl inflrutSed the Inhabitants in the 
 Chrifiian Religion. But let Bede fpeak in his 
 own words. 
 
 Ajur Ccadv:aJ}a had got the Kingdom of the 
 Geuilli, he took alfo the J(le of IVight, vehich till 
 then zias veholiy gi’i'Ln to Idolatry, and by a bloody 
 Miijfdcre endea^'our d to extirpate the natives and 
 in their fiead to people it veith his ovon Country-^ 
 men I obliging himjelf ixi they fay, by 'vovo {tho 
 he v:as not as yet become Chrifiian) that if he con- 
 quer'd ti\ Ijlandy he vooidd devote the fourth part 
 both of it and of his fpoil, to God ; vihich he ac- 
 cordingly did, by giving it to Bijloop IVilfrid for the 
 *rrnei(egen-j'fy^ji\-^ of God ; f or * he being of that eoimtry hap- 
 le jna feper- q%g is judgd by the Eng- 
 
 ■’* lifi) to include tvcelve hundred f hides : ivhereupon 
 three hundred of them zuere given to theBifhop. But ^ 
 he committed that part vchich be receiv’d, to one a/ 
 his Clerks, by name Bernwin, zvho vtai his fijfer s 
 jen giving him a Priefl, vsbofe name voas Hildi- 
 la, vsith order to baptix,e, and preach the vsord to 
 all vd'o zvere defiroHi of Salvation. Where I think 
 tny fclf bound to obferve, that among the firjl- 
 jruits of thofe vd:o zvere converted in that Ijiand: 
 tv:o )0ung boys of the blood-royal, brothers to Ar- 
 vandus King of the Jfland, veere by the fpedal 
 grace of God, crovened zeith martyrdom. For when 
 the Enemy zicas ready to invade the Ifle, thefe 
 )oung brothers made their efcape, to the next Pro- 
 vince ; where, coming to a place that is call’d Ad 
 jutarum. Lapidem, and thinking to fecure themfelves there 
 seep. the fury of the conquering Prince, they werr 
 
 betray'd, and order'd to be put to death. Which co- 
 ming to the ears of a certain Abbot and Priefl call d 
 Cynbreth, zvho at a fmnll diflance from thence 
 had a MonaHery in a place call’d Reodford; 
 i. e. the ford ot reeds ; he came to the King, zvho 
 wcu then privately in thofe parts for the cure of the 
 zvounds he had receiv’d in the Ifle of Wight, and 
 dcflrd of him, that if thofe young brothers mufl 
 be kill’d, he zvould pleafe jirfl to permit them to be 
 baptis'd. ‘This requefl the King granted j upon 
 which the Abbot having infiruthd them in the word 
 of truth, and baptized them, he gave thetn a fure 
 title to the Kingdom of Heaven. And immediate- 
 ly after, the Executioner coming to them, they joy- 
 fully fubmitted to a temporal death, as a certain 
 pajfnge to eternal life. And in this order, after aU 
 the Provinces of Britain had receiv d the Chrifiian 
 faith, the Ifle of Wight was alfo converted ; in 
 which, notwithflanding, becauje of the miferies of a 
 foreign yoke, none had the dignity of a Minifler or 
 Biflsop, before Daniel, who is now BifhopoftheWefl- 
 Saxons and the Geuijfl. 
 
 From which time, Authors fay nothing of 
 this IP.and, till the year 1066. when ToPHm, 
 brother to King Harold, invaded it with fome 
 . Pirate-fliips from Flanders, out of fpite to his 
 brother ; and when he had compell’d the inhabi- 
 tants to pay him a certain Tribute, he fail’d off. A 
 few years after (as I Hnd in an ancient book 
 belonging to the Priory ot Caeresbrok, which 
 was fliew n me by Roben Glover Somerfet-herald, 
 ctir great oracle in Genealogical Antiquities,) 
 iZd William the Baflnrd conquer’d England, fo Wil- 
 liam FitzrOsborne {who was bis Marefchal, and Earl 
 of Hereford) conquer’d the Ifle of Wight, and was 
 firfl Lord of it. A long time after, the French 
 in the year 1577- furprisM and phtiidcr’d the 
 Ille. They made another unfuccefsful attempt 
 A. D. 1403. being bravely repuls’d j as they 
 were again, in the reign of HenrytheS'*’, when 
 the French GalHeS fet fire to one or two fmall 
 * <^0 faid Cottages, within the memory of our * Fa- 
 arn. i6cy, thcTS. 
 
 j nrds of tl-e I.ords of this Ifle : William Fltz.- 
 
 Osborne being prefcntly after llain in the wars of 
 
 Florsnce of 1 
 Worcelier. 
 
 Flanders, and his Ton Roger attainted and ba- 
 nifii’d ; it came into the King’s hands, and 
 Henry 1. King of England gave it to Richard 
 de Ridvers (otherwife call’d Redvers and de Ri- 
 pariis,) Earl of Devonihiiv, and with it the Fee 
 of the village of Chrifl-Chtircb : Where this 
 Richard built a Caflle, as likew'ife another at 
 Caeresbrok but his fon Baldwin (in the trouble- 
 lomc reign of King Stephen, when there were 
 as many 'I’yrants in England as Lords of Ca- 
 files, who all tifurp’d a power of coining mo- 
 ney, with other branches of Soveraign Autho- 
 rity) was depriv’d of this caflle by King Ste- 
 phen. Yet his poflerity recover’d their ancient 
 right whofe pedigree I have already drawn, 
 where I treated at large of the Earls of Devon- 
 fhire. At length, Ifibella, widow of William 
 de Fortibpu, Earl of Albemarle and Holdernefs, 
 lifter and heir of Baldwin the laft Earl of De- 
 vonfliire of this Family, was very hardly pre- 
 vail’d with to furrender all her right and title, 
 t by Deed, to King Edward i. i Per Chit- 
 
 Since that time, the Kings of England have 
 held this Ifle ; and Henry de Beauchamp Earl of 
 Warwick was by King Henry 6. (of whom he 
 \\’as a mighty Favourite) crozvnd King of the 
 Ifle of Wight, and afterwards entitl'd Firfl Earl of 
 all England. But this new and extraordinary 
 Title dy’d with Iiim. Afterwards, Richard 
 Widevile Earl ot Rivers, was made Lord of the 
 Ille of Wight by Edward 4. and Reginald Bray 
 it ofKing Henry 7. (whofe Darling 
 was) at the yearly rent of 3 00 Marks. Belides 
 thefe Lords, it has had a noble Family call’d 
 de Infula or Lifle', one of whom in the reign of 
 Edward 2. was fummon’d to P.arliament by the 
 name of fohn de Infula VeUa, i. c. of the Ille 
 of Wiglit. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild zwHam* 
 Ihire. 
 
 Afeyrum fupinum \'illofum palnflre C B. 
 Park. BFirfh S. Peter's wort with woolly leaves. On 
 a rotten moorifl) ground not far from Southampton a- 
 bundantly. It grows on the like grounds in many pla- 
 ces, efpecially of the Wefl-Country. 
 
 Alopecuros maxima AnglicaP^jr/t. altera maxi- 
 ma Aiiglica paludofa Ger. emac. altera maxima 
 Anglica paludofa, feu Gramen Alopecuroides 
 maximum J. B. Lob. Ad. part. alt. The great 
 Englifli marJh-Fox-tail-grafs. In the moifl pafhires 
 of this County, near the Salt-works, and an ancient 
 houfe call’d Drayton, about two miles from Ports- 
 mouth, over-againfl the Ifle of plentifully. 
 
 Lobel. 
 
 Afphodelus luteus Acorifolius paluflris An- 
 glicus Lobelii ff. E. Lancaflris verus Ger. emac. 
 defer. Pfeudo-alphodelus paluflris Anglicus C-B. 
 Lancafhire. Afphodel or Baflard-Afphodel. On a 
 bog in a heath in the mid-way between Sartshury and 
 Southampton. This is very common in bogs and wa- 
 tery places both in the Wefl and Nonh parts of Eng- 
 land. 
 
 Bardana minor, Ger. Xanthium feu lappa 
 minor J. B. Park. Lappa minor, Xanthium. 
 Diofeoridis C. B. The leffer Burdock. I once found 
 it in the road from Portfmouth to London, about 
 three miles from Portfmouth. But, it being an annual 
 Plant, may be lofl again there. 
 
 Ciflampelos altera Anglica minima Park, p- 
 173* 'dfbe leafl Englifl) "Black Bindweed. This 
 grows about Drayton near Portfmouth. It difle>‘s 
 little from the common black Bindweed but in the 
 
 fmall- 
 
HAMSHIRE. 
 
 jmallnej's of its farts : -vjlnch may he o-Mtng to the 
 barrennefs of the joil. 
 
 Dryopteris Penas & Lobelii Ger. ernac. p. 1135. 
 ^rae Oak-Fern. This Mr. G'oodyer found in a 
 fvery wet moor or hog^ call’d Wlnte-row-mooYy where 
 Peat is now dug a mile from Petersfield in Ham- 
 jhire. This is found in many wet and boggy grounds 
 in divers Counties of England. It is called by fo. 
 Bauhine Filix minor non ramola 3 and by m Fil. 
 minor paluftris repens. 
 
 Erica maritima Anglica fupina Park. Engliflo 
 low Sea-heath. Found by Lobel about Portjmouth. 
 P.ark. p. 1485. This we have found in many f laces 
 on the Sea-coafls both in Ejfex and Sujfolk. 
 
 Malva arborea marina noftras Park. Englifo 
 Sea-T -ee-Mallow. About Hurfi-cafile near the Ifle 
 of Wight : where alfo grows Critbmum chryfan- 
 thcmum in great plenty on the miry marflj-ground. 
 
 Mercurialis mas & fcemiiia f. B. vulgaris 
 mas & fcemina Park. Ger. Merk. tefticulata fi- 
 ve mas Diofcoridis & Plinii : & fpicata five 
 fcemina corundem C B. French Mercury the male 
 and female. On the baicb near Ryde in the Ifle of 
 Wight plentifully. 
 
 Nidus avis flore & caule violacco-purpureo 
 colore, an Pfeudo-limodoroii Cluf. hift. p. 270. 
 Ger. emac. p. 228. Found inthe border of a Field 
 
 caU d Marborn, near Habridge in Haliborn a mile 
 from Alton. Mr. Goodyer. 
 
 Pulmonaria foliis Eckii Ger. rubro flore, fo- 
 liis Echii J. B. anguftifolia cccruleo fubente 
 flore C B. Buglofs Cowflips, or long-leaved Sage of 
 femfalem. Found by Mr. Goodyer flowei-ingy May 
 25. in a wood by Holbury-Houfe in the new forefiy 
 Hamfhire. 
 
 Rapunculus corniculatus montanus Ger. flore 
 globoifb purpureo J. B. folio oblongo, fpica 
 orbicular! C. B. Alopecuroides orbiculatus Park. 
 Horned Rampions with a round head of flowers. 
 Found by Goodyer in the enclofed chalky hilly grounds 
 by Maple-Durhamy near Petersfield in Hamfhire. It 
 grows in divers places of the Downs in Suffex. 
 
 As for the Geniftella Anglica fpinofa fupina, 
 five Chamxfpartum fupinum, which Lobel is /aid 
 to have obferved growing not jar from Southfea-ca- 
 ftky where it flower’d ffuly and Augufly with flen- 
 der trailing branches of a fpan long. 
 
 And the Geniftella five Chamxipartum re- 
 (ftum, flore & acutis ipinis fparro fupino pa- 
 ribus & fimilibus, found by the fame Lobel jiower- 
 ing in fuly near Portfmouthy both which he is faid 
 to have defcrib’d in the Margin of his Dutch Her- 
 bal P. B. We could not find any juch Plants in thofe 
 placesy neither heard we of them. 
 
159 
 
 i6o 
 
 ATTREBATIL 
 
 HE Attfebatii, as in France^ fo likevsife in Brhainy border upon the Bafgar. 
 ISfow that name is ushoUy dijusdi and the countrey they inhabited iseommonly caldd 
 Barkfliire. But it ought to be taken for granted {jtnee Cafar informs m that the 
 
 Foreigners vohich came out of Gallia Belgica inhabited the fea-coajis of Britaini 
 
 and jiiU retain d the names of their own Countries) that our Atrrebatii removi 
 hither from among the Attrebates in Gaule ; who, according to Ptolemy, pojjefsd 
 the maritim parts of Gaule, upon the Sein, to wit, that very countrey, which may 
 befaid, in a manner, to lie oppofite to our Attrebatii. Tfherefore Cafar faid, not 
 without great probability, that Coraius Attrebatenfis was a perfon of conjiderable 
 ^thciity in thefe parts, that is, amongji his own cduntrey-men ; and that after his being conquer d by Cafar, he 
 / 7 -aj ’ Frontinus, his Jhips being run a-ground, he commanded his fails to 
 
 be hoi fled up, and by that means hinder d Cafar s purfuit ; who, feeing his full fails 4 “>' «/. and fuppnfing 
 he tnade^ away with afrefh gale, dejified from following him further.- Whence they had this name of At- 
 trebatii, IS a matter fiiU in difpute ,■ as for thofe that derive it from Attrech, which they would have to 
 
 fpiify a land oi bread in the old Gaulifh Tongie, I am afraid they are miflaken. Let it be fufficmt 
 
 for me, that I have fhewn, from wJietKe they came into Britain : As for the Etymology of their name, I 
 leave it to the fearch of others. 
 
 BARKSHIRE. 
 
 HAT County which we call 
 Barkfhire, was term'd by tht 
 Latin writers Bercheria, anc 
 anciently by the Englifti-Saxon; 
 Bepjjocpcype. Which name 
 Afl'erius Menevenfis derive; 
 
 Berroc. from Berroc, a certain Wooc 
 
 where Box grew in great abundance j other: 
 from an Oak disbarl’d (fo the word Beroke ligni- 
 lies) to which, when the State was in mon 
 than ordinary danger, the inhabitants were worn 
 in antient times to refort, and confult aboui 
 publick Alfairs. [However, it is certain^ thai 
 in the moft ancient Saxon Annals, the narat 
 is Beappucycype, melted by degrees int( 
 Beappuepeype and Bappucpcipe, from whence 
 the prelent name of Berkjhire is immediate' 
 ly derived.] The north-lide of this Coun- 
 ty is wafli’d by the winding, but pleafant anc 
 •I See this no. gentle dreams of the Ilis or Oufe ( f which af 
 ’ the name of thamifis, the Thames, 
 
 ^ ■ and hrft feparates it from Oxfordfhire, anc 
 then from Buckinghamfhirc. The fouth-fide. 
 towards Hamfhire, is water’d by the river Kemet 
 till it runs into the Thames. Weilward, where 
 it touches upon Wiltihire, and is broader, a; 
 likewile ill the middle parts, it is rich and fruit 
 ful, efpedally where it falls into a Valley, whicl 
 they call the Vdc of IVhite Horje, from I know 
 not what lllape of a White Horfe, fanfy’don tht 
 lide of a whitini hill. But the caft-lide, which 
 borders upon Surrey, is downright barren, oi 
 at beft bears but little ; and is very much taker 
 up with woods and forefrs. 
 
 Farer.don. To the weli, near the Oufe, frauds Farendon 
 on a high ground ; now noted for it’s Market 
 GuiLNeu. toieri) fer n certain Fortification built b) 
 brigeni'. •‘Robert Earl of Gloceder, againft King Ste- 
 
 phen ; who nevcTthelefs took it at the expened 
 of much blood and labour, and laid it fo level 
 with the ground, that nothing of it is now to 
 be feen. But (as we find in the Chronicle of Wa- 
 verley-Abbey) King John, in the year MCCIL 
 mov d by divine Infpiration, granted the Site, with 
 all it s appurtenances, for the building of an Abbey, 
 for the Ciftercian Order. 
 
 From hence the Oufe, fetching a great com- 
 pals, and making it’s way toward the North, 
 waters feveral villages of little note ; till wind- 
 ing inwards again, and dividing it’s ftream, it 
 arrives at Abbendon, a handfom town, well fre- AbbendonJ 
 quented , call d firfl; by the Englifh-Saxons 
 6heoyepbam, then Abbanoune j no doubt from Abbandune. 
 the Abbey, rather than from Abbenm, I know 
 not what Irifli Hermit, as fome have written. 
 
 It was a place (as we have it in the old book of 
 Abbendon) upon the plain of a hill, extreamly plea- 
 fant to the eye, a little beyond the village which is 
 now call d Suniggewelle, between two ve>y fine rivu- 
 lets, which encloftng within them the place it felf {as 
 it were a fort of bay) yield a delightful profpeH to 
 the beholders, and a convenient fubfiftence to . the In- 
 habitants. _ It was in ancient times call'd Sheove-^ 
 fham, ajamous City, goodly to behold, full of riches, 
 encompafs d with very p-uitful fields, g-reen meadows, 
 fpaciOHS paflures, and flocks of cattel abounding with 
 milk. Here, the King kept his Court hither the 
 people refined, while Confultations were depending 
 about the greatefi^ and mojh weighty affairs of the 
 kingdem. Thor which reafon, and its ancient name 
 ^mvefijam (written by Leland, whether from 
 Record, or by miflake, I know nor, Seukefijam,) 
 
 It IS not unreafonable to think this the ve- 
 ry place wlierein two Synods were held, one 
 in the year 742. and the other in 822. both 
 hud to be at Clocep-hoo. For tho’ it hath been 
 
 fettled 
 
i 62 
 
 i6^ 
 
 BJRKS HIRE, 
 
 '"T'w i^ictlcd in Kent, at a place called Cliff- at boo, 
 cuff at conjeaure is wholly founded upon the 
 
 {imi'itude of names, and doth by no means a- 
 <Ti-oe with what is fuppofed, that ClovefiKO was 
 probably in Mt-rcia : And iEthelbakl King of 
 the Mcniaiis, had the greateft hand in it, be- 
 cr.ufe the Saxon Annals mention him parti- 
 cularly, as prefent ; and Cliffathoo in Kent is 
 too much in a corner, to ani^ycr the charafter 
 oi Clovejhoo, which is mention’d but twice in 
 the Amals, and both times exprefly laid to be 
 the place of a Synod. And in a Council at 
 Htrtjord, in dya. we find it decreed, that there 
 ff)0uld be two S^^Kods yearly but becaufe there were 
 fe-veral incidental caufes which might prevent thein, 
 it weii unanhnoii/ly agreed, however , that there ffoould 
 me meet yearly the firft day of Augufl, at the place 
 Clofeliioli. cah'd Clofeflioh. Which cannot be fuppos d, 
 unreafonably, to point out a place fo little tor 
 the convenience of moft of the members ; but 
 may very rationally be meant of this place -, a 
 place, perhaps, by reafon of its lituation, as 
 eligible by all parties, as could well bethought 
 of. ! But to return. As foon as Cijfa, King 
 of the Weft-Saxons, had built the Abbey here 
 it began by degrees to lay alide it s old name, 
 and to be called Abbandun, and Abbin^on, that 
 is, the Abbey s Town. This Abbey had not 
 flourifh’d long, e’re it was thrown down, as it 
 were in an inflaiit, by the violent fury of the 
 Danes. Yet it foon alter recover’d it ielf, thro 
 the liberality of King Edgar ; and afterwards, 
 by the induftry of the Norman Abbots, it 
 grew to that . magnificence by degrees, as to 
 hand in competition almoft with any Abbey in 
 Britain, for riches and grandeur, as it’s prefent 
 ruins hill declare. But the town, tho’ it had 
 it’s dependance for a long time on the Abbey; 
 ffenrlm i4id. when King Henry 5. 
 
 Quintus built Bridges over the Oufe (as appears by a 
 to /«Hiidwrai tiihich in a window of S. Helen’s Church therej 
 anno, Rex pen. turned the high-road hither for a fhorter 
 R"*- became fo much frequented, as to be 
 
 reckon’d among the principal towns of this 
 County j having a Mayor, and much enrich- 
 ing it felf by fteep’d barley fprouting and chit- 
 ting again, which the Greeks call Byne, and 
 we Mault. It hath belides, a Cr^s of excellent 
 workmanfhip in the middle of the Market- 
 place ; erefted, as they report, in the reign of 
 King Henry 6 , by the fraternity of St. Crofs, 
 which was inftituted by him. FAt prefent, 
 this is one of the Towns for the publick Bu- 
 finefs of the County, and is particularly ho- 
 noured by affording to the Right Honourable 
 Mwmtague Bertie the title of Earl ; which was 
 firft confer’d upon his Father, yames Lord 
 Noris of Rycot, in the 34*^*! year of Kin^ 
 Charles the fecond.l 
 
 As Cilia was. the founder of the forefaid Ab- 
 bey, fo Cilia /ifie-)- of King Cedwalla (as 1 have it 
 out of an old book) built a Nunnery at Hel- 
 neftow near the ‘Thames, whei'e her jelf prefded 
 ever the Virgins, who were aftei-wards tranjlated to 
 Witham. In the heat of the war between Ofa 
 and Kinulph, the Nuns, upon the btiilding oj a cajUe 
 there, retired from thence. Bor after that Kinulph 
 was overthrown, whatfoever lay under his jurifdicii- 
 cn, from the town of Wallingford in the fouth part 
 * Now A Ichenilde-Jlrcet as far as * Effebury, and in the 
 
 bury near nO)th part OS jar as the River Thames, King Ojfa 
 Whitehork-fizfd. fAt the feuth part of Oxford, there 
 Hill. begins a great Canfey, going from Fryar-Ba- 
 con’s Study, for near two miles, towards A- 
 4 Aubr.Mon.bingdon 5 j which one would imagin, at firft 
 Brit. fight, to have been a work of the Romans; but 
 
 it appears by Records to have been made by 
 
 Byne. 
 
 Mault. 
 
 Robert Doiley, in the time of William the Con- 
 quercr.1 
 
 Near Ahingdon, to the north-weft, lies Lee, 
 which, by the daughter of a certain Knight lir- 
 nam’d de Lee,, came to the family of the Befles, 
 and thence was CtdB d Befiks-Lee ta\d from that BeGIes-Lce. 
 family, in right of marriage, to A/c/jW Teh-petiplace. 
 place whofe progenitor, Thomas, brought fome 
 honour to his polterity, by matching with Aerz- 
 trisc, natural daughter of John i. King of Por- 
 tugal, i'rom whom they are defeended. But 
 now let us return. Hard by Abingdon, the lit- 
 tle River Och, which waflies the Ibutb-fide of 
 the town, and over which Sir fohn St. Helens 
 Knight did formerly build a bridge, falls gently 
 into the Oufe. It hath it’s rife in the vale of 
 White-horfe, a mile or two from /Cm^//oK-Z 7 yZ^’,Kirigfion.; 
 anciently the pofiefiion of Warm de Injula or Lille. 
 
 Tijle, a renown’d Baron. fohnTalbot, a younger Vifeounts 
 foil of that famous Warriour John Earl 
 Shrewsbury, being by the mother’s fide defen- 
 ded from that Baron, was firft created Baron 
 Tijle (as Warin de Injula was before, in regard 
 of his being polfcfs’d of this place ; as if that 
 honour were annex’d to it) and afterw^ards Vi- 
 fcount llijle. This title, by the favour of our 
 Kings, in a continu’d feries remain’d in his 
 pofterity. For (to fum up all in fliort) when 
 Thomas Talbot, fon of John before-mention’d, 
 dy’d witliout ilTue, being fliot through the 
 mouth with an aiA'ow', as he was detending his 
 eftate in a skirraifh againft Baron Barkley ; 
 
 Edward Grey, who had marry’d his fifter, re- 
 ceiv’d the fame honour from King Richard 3, 
 and had a fon nam’d fohn, whofe only daugh- 
 ter and heir being an infant, w'as contraded to 
 Charles Brandon by K. Henry 8, and thereupon he 
 became Vifeount L’ijle : but file dying before 
 the folcranization of the marriage, this his ti- 
 tle dy’d with her. Afterwards, the fame King 
 Henry confer’d this honour upon Arthur Rian-' 
 tagenet, a natural fon of King Edward 4, who 
 had marry’d Elizabeth the fifter of John Grey 
 Vifeount Z’?) 7 r, widow ol Edmund Dudley. And 
 upon his dying without ifiue-male,^ fohn Dud- 
 ley fon of Edmund Dudley by the fame ElHa~ 
 heth Grey, afterwards Duke of Northumber- 
 land, was honour’d by the fame King with this 
 title. But he being attainted, C^eeii ElHabeth 
 reftor’d in blood his fon Ambroje ; and, before 
 file created him Earl of Warwick, did the fame 
 day create him Baron Vifle ; and - Robert Sidney 
 his lifter’s fon, a perfon illuftrious for his noble 
 defeenr, and his own virtues, was honour’d 
 with the title of Vifeount llifle, in the year 
 1605. by King James fthe firft;! who had before 
 created him Baron Sidney of PenJIse-rjl, and made 
 him Chamberlain to his Royal Confort Queen 
 Ann. TThe fame perfon was alfo advanced to 
 the honour of Earl of Leicefter in the 14'^. 
 year of the fame King ; all which Honours 
 have been continued dow'n, and do ftill remain, 
 in the fame name and family. 
 
 Above the head of the river Ock, by Ajhbury- 
 park, * is a Camp, of a figure as near round as * 
 fquare, the diameter above an hundred paces, jvlonum. 
 and the works Tingle ; which feems to prove MS. 
 it Danifh. But the works are now almoft quite 
 fpoil’d and defac’d, by digging for the Sarfd^- SiAden- 
 ftones (as they call them,) to build a Houfe inffones. 
 the Park, belonging to the Lord Craven. 
 
 Above the fame hill, is another Camp with 
 fingle works, but very large ; and at about two 
 furlongs diftance, is a barrow call’d Dragon-hill :Dngon-hi\\ 
 but whether from hence one may conclude this 
 to be the tumulus of IJther Vendragon,^ fince the 
 coniefture is not warranted by any direef tefti- 
 X mony 
 
1^3 
 
 ATTREBATIL 
 
 * Now the, 
 
 C. 
 
 Wantage, 
 
 . rcony trom Jiiitory, I leave others to determine. 
 As allb, vvhecher the White horfe, on the iide 
 ot" the hill, was made by Hengill:, fince the 
 Horfe was the Anns or Mgiire in his Itan- 
 dard. About a mile from the hill, are a great 
 many large floiies, which, tho’ very confusMj 
 muft have been laid there with deiign ; Ibme of 
 them being placM edge-wife ; but the reft in- 
 deed appear fo diforderly, that one W'ould ima- 
 gine they h.ad only been emptied out of Carts. . 
 
 From Kingfton-Lille, the river Ockj juft now 
 Denchworth. mention’d, runs between Dencbiuorth, and Pu- 
 Pufey. fey the pofieflion of a Family of that Sir- 
 name, and held by a Horn given to their ance- 
 liors by King Canute the Dane. fThus much 
 the infeription implies but both the character 
 and ftiie thereof are modern, many hundreds 
 of years after the Conqueft ; fo that of what 
 raitiquity foever the Horn it lelf may be, the 
 Infeription muft have been added long after the 
 age ot Canutm, Not but the tradition of Ca- 
 nutus’s giving it, may probably be very true, 
 fince there are fo many inftanccs of this kind, 
 in many parts of England ; and Ingulph^n has 
 exprefly told us, that in thofc days it was com- 
 mon to make Grants ot Lands hy Horns, among 
 other things.1 The two Denchsxorths are hard- 
 by, v'herc two noble and ancient Families did 
 long flourifh, Hide at South-Denchworth, and 
 Fetiplace at North-Deiichworth i both which 
 feem to have fprung from the fame ftock, fince 
 they give the tame Coat of Arms ; f and are 
 now feated, the firft at Kingfton, and the fe- 
 cond at Swinbrock.1 After this, the Ock re- 
 ceives a namelcfs rivulet j which flows out of 
 the fame Vale to Wantage, call’d in Saxon Wa- 
 iiacms, anciently a Royal Vill, and the birth- 
 place of ^ the famous King Alfred, which he 
 bequeath’d at his death to Alfrith. It was made 
 a Market-town, a long time after, by the in- 
 tereft of that valiant Soldier Foulk Fitvxarm, 
 upon whom Roger Bigod, Earl Marfhal of Eng- 
 land, had beftow’d it, for his fingular courage 
 and conduct in War, and f afterwards it own’d 
 for it’s Lords the Bourebiers Earls of Bath, 
 defeended from thfe race of the Fitz.v:arins of 
 which family fome are bury’d here. FA mile 
 Aubr. MS. above Wantage, eaft from Afhbiiry, there is a 
 very large Camp on the brow of a hill, of a 
 quadrangular form, and fingle-w^ork’d j from 
 which it appears to be Roman. Eaft from 
 Cuckamney. hence is Cuckamfley-htU, call’d in Saxon CjJichel- 
 mej-bleape, and by Florence of Worcefter Cuk- 
 celmeflau-e from whence, by degrees, the pre- 
 fent name is melted, and the word added 
 ^ by a tautology, for want of knowing, that bleape 
 in Saxon implies fo much. (| Over this it 
 
 • 100 • -yvas, that the Danes pafs’d in their Depredati- 
 ons, after they had deftroy’d 'Wallingford, in the 
 year of our Lord 1006.I 
 ^ The Oufe lea\'ing Abingdon, prefently re- 
 ceives the Tains' out of Oxfordfhire (of which 
 river, elfev/hcre.) Now, by a compound word 
 ^ See this being call’d * Thamifts (the Thames,) it firft 
 confuted in j^^^hes a vifit to Sinodun, a high hill, defended 
 Sinodun. ^ where it is certain that in 
 
 ancient times there was a Roman fortification; 
 for, when the ground is broken up with the 
 Plough, Roman Coins (a certain iign of anti- 
 quity) are now and then found by the Plough- 
 men. ^ 
 
 Ercttwell. Beneath it, at BrettweP, there was a Caftle 
 Robert Mon- ™ not really upon this hill) which 
 tenfis. Henry 2. took by ftorm, a little before hisma- 
 I^Placcd hy king peace with King Stephen. From hence, 
 
 F’hv “n-'" 
 
 Ibrdftire j Amebtttu, which Antoninus calls 
 
 which lee. T Gmeva Attrehatum, and Ptolemy Gakva ; both. 
 
 •f It now 
 owns, C. 
 
 through the carcleinefs of Copiers, inftead of ' 
 
 GaUena-, and thefe likewife in the Greek Co- Gillem 
 pies obtrude upon us N.eMc=e, by a tranfpofitioii 
 of the letters, lor raMiim. For I have thought 
 that it was fo call’d in the Eritifh tongue, as 
 it were GuaU-heUi that is, the Old Fort. Which 
 n.ame being Hill kept, and Ford, from a fliallow Ford 
 place in the river, added to it, the Saxons in 
 ancient times c.ill’d it Eualleiigapopih and fal- 
 Ien5apop6 ; and we now-a-days by contraaion 
 WaUin^ord-, fas it is allb call’d in the Saxon An- W.n;. r , 
 nals (according to the feveral ages) Fealm^a- 
 pop6, falinsepopo, falin5pop6.1 In Edward the 
 Confc^flor s rime, it was counted a Borough, and 
 contain d in it (as we find in Domefday-book) 
 
 275 • houfes, yielding nine pound f Tan', and thofe* „ 
 that dwelt there, did tbs King fer-vice on borfe 4 ack,\ 1 )fGchu 
 or elfe jj by Sea. Of thofe houfes, eight were ' de-W Ver 
 jtroy d for the caflk. It was formerly walled a- 
 bout, and, as may be feen by the track fof the 
 ditch and wall (beginning from the Caftle, 
 faith Leland,) i was a mile in compafsjformore.l 
 It hath a caftle feated upon the river, very large, 
 and fo w'ell fortify’d in former times, that the 
 hopes of it’s being impregnable hath made fome 
 perfons over-refolute. For when the flames of 
 Civil War had fet all England on fire, we read 
 that King Stephen did ever now an<l then at- 
 tempt it by liege, but always in i^ain. We much 
 wonder d at it s greatnefs and magnificence, 
 when we were boys, and retir’d thither from 
 Oxford ( for it * was a retiring-place for the* is now C 
 Students of ChriH-Cburch at Oxford.) It is ' ' 
 double-wall d, and fiirrounded with two ditch- 
 es ; FLeland fays, with three dikes, large and deep, 
 and well-wateredA In the middle ftands a tower, 
 rais <1 upon a very high mount ; in the fteep 
 afeent whereof, which you climb by ftairs, Ifaw 
 a well of an exceeding great depth. The Inha- 
 bitants believe it was built by the Danes ; but 
 ^ fomething was here 
 
 1 Romans, and afterwards denic- 
 
 Saxons and Danes, when Sueno 
 the Dane harrafs d the Country, up and down 
 At length, it recover’d under 
 Wiliam I, as plainly appears by DomefcLay- 
 Eook, wherein makes mention of eight * 
 fes being pull d down for the Caftle, as I ob- 
 lerv d but now.^ Yet WiUiarn Gemeticmfis takes 
 Ciiftle, when he writes, that 
 William the Norman, after Rarold’s defeat, im- 
 mediately led his army to this city (for fo he 
 terras it,) and pafling the Thames at the ford, 
 encarnpd here, before he march’d to London. 
 
 c ^ PP^igod an Engiiflioian was Lord Lords of 
 or Wallingford, who had one only daughrerWalliDgrord. 
 given in marriage to Robert D'Oily by whom 
 he had Maud his foie heir ; married firft to 
 Md^Crijfin, and alter his death by the favour 
 ot King Henry i, to Brim f Fttx.-Omnf, andt,Fili»C"i 
 he being bred a foldier, and taking part with 
 Maud the En-yrefs, ftoutly defended this Ca- 
 ftle againft King Stephen (who had rais’d a 
 ton over-.ag.,nift it at Craumefi,) till the peace, 
 fo much wiih d tor by England in general, was 
 coiKluded in this place, and an end put to that 
 terrible quarrel between King Stephen and King 
 Henry 2. And then, the love of God did fo 
 prevail apoa Brknt and his wife, that, quitting 
 the tranfitory vanities of this world, they wholly 
 devoted themfelves to Chrift ; and by that 
 means this Honour of Wallingford fell to the 
 Grown. Winch appears by thefe words taken , „„ 
 out of an old liiquilition in the Exchequer, 
 hn mllbeloaied Lords, our Lords the Khigs >/i-li„gferd in 
 Eotcheiue,-, the Confia-Teh 
 
 bleef WaSmgjord, || Greeting. Know ye that pinotlstU. 
 haue made diltgmt Intyvifition by the Knights of my'^cTJm. 
 
 Baily- 
 
i<55 
 
 B A R K S H I R E. 
 
 1 66 
 
 Bnilyvjkk, in purjuame of wj Lord the Kings p\ 
 cept direBed to me by the Sheriff ; and this is the 
 Jim of the Jnquifitionthm taken: igod of Wal- 
 
 lingford held the honour of Wallingford in King Ha- 
 rold's timcy and afterwards in the reign of King 
 William i ; and had by his Wife a certain Daughter, 
 whom he game in marriage to Robert D^Oily, L"his 
 Robert had by her a Daughter named Maud, which 
 was his heir. Miles Crifpin efpous'd her, and bad 
 with her the ajorefaid honour oj Wallingford. Af- 
 ter Miles’^ deceaje, our Lord King Henry i. befiowd 
 the aforefaid Maud upon Brient Fitz-Couiit, 
 
 Yet afterwards, in the reign of Henry 3, it be- 
 long’d to the Earls of Cheifer, and then to Ri- 
 chard King of the Romans and Earl of Corn- 
 wall, who repaired it j and to his fon Edmond, 
 who founded a Collegiate Chapel within the 
 inner Court : but he dying without iflue, it re- 
 turn’d to the Crown, and was annexed to the 
 Dukedom of Cornwall fince when, it hath 
 A terrible fallen much to decay. More efpecially, about 
 plague. tl«i time w’hen that plague and moitality which 
 follow’d the conjunction of Saturn and Mars 
 in Capricorn, raged over all Europe, in the 
 year of our Lord 1348 ; this Wallin^'ord was 
 lb exhaufted, that whereas before it was very 
 well inhabited, and had tw^elve Churches in it, 
 r (Leland fays, fourteen, and that in his time 
 feverai were living, who could fhow the Pla- 
 ces where they all flood ; )1 now it has but 
 one or two. But the inhabitants rather lay 
 the caufe of this their decay, upon the bridges 
 See tbe like built at Abingdon and DorcheUer j by which 
 inftance at means the High-road is turn’d from thence, 
 wits** ^ Notwithftanding which misfortunes, their 
 ^ Mault-trade, and the convenience of fending 
 corn and other commodities by w'ater to Lon- 
 don, do flill fupport it ; fo that of late years 
 it is very much encreas’d both in buildings 
 and number of inhabitants. It is a Corporation 
 govern’d by a Mayor and fix Aldermen, w'ho 
 are Juftices of the Peace within the Burrougb 
 and they have a Free-fchool, and a Market- 
 houfe wherein the Mayor and Juftices keep the 
 Quarter-Seflions .1 
 
 • From hence. Southward, the Thames glides 
 gently between very fruitful fields on both lides, 
 Moiilesford. which King Henry i. gave to 
 
 Girald Fitz>-Walter j from whom the noble Fa- 
 mily of the Carews are defeended. A Family, 
 that hath receiv’d the addition of much honour 
 by it’s matches with the noble families of Mo- 
 hutt and Dinham, and others in Ireland, as 
 AWwortb. as England. Not far from hence is Aid- 
 worth, where are certain tombs, and ftatues- up- 
 on them larger tlian ordinary, mucli wonder’d 
 at by the common people, as if they were the 
 pourtraidures of Giants ; when indeed they 
 are only thofe of certain Knights of the family 
 of De la Beche, which had a Caftle here, and is 
 fuppos’d to have been extind for want of iflue- 
 male in the reign of Edward 3 , And now at 
 The river ^^e 'Thames meets with the Kennet, which, 
 
 Kennet, as I faid before, waters the fouth-fide of this 
 County, and at it’s firft entrance, after it has 
 Hungerford,^*^^ Wiltfliire, runs beneath Hmigerford, call’d 
 in ancient times Ingleford Cbarnani-fireet, a mean; 
 town, and feated in a moift place ; which yet 
 gave both name and title to the honourable fa- 
 . mily of the Barons of Hungerford, firft advanc’d 
 to it’s greatnefs by Walter Hungerford fSon of 
 Sir Thoni'as, Speaker to the Houfe of Com- 
 mons 51 Edward 3, the firft Parliament where- 
 in they had a Speaker,}! who was Steward of 
 the King’s Houfliold under Henry 5, and had 
 confer’d upon him by that Prince’s bounty (in 
 confideration of his eminent fervices in the 
 wars) the Caftle and Barony of Hornet in Nor- 
 
 mandy, to hold to him and his heirs males by ho-Prima pars, 
 mage and jer^ke, to find the King and his heirs at^l^P^- Patent, 
 the Cdjlle oj Roan one Lance with a Fox s tail ' 
 
 mg to it .- which pleafant tenure I thought it ^ 
 not amifs to inferc iiere, among more ferious 
 matters. I Jie fame Walter in the reign of 
 Henry 6 , was Lord High Treafurcr of England, 
 and created Baron Hungerford-, and, by his pru- Barons Hun. 
 dent management, and his matching with Ca-gsrford. 
 tharine Revered (defeended from the Moels and 
 the Courtneys') much augmented his eftate. His fon 
 Robert, who marry ’d the daughter and heir of 
 the Lord Botereaux, enrich’d the family much 
 more j and afterwards Robert his fon, who had to 
 Wife Eleanor, daughter and heir of William Mo- 
 lines (upon which account he was honour’d, a- 
 mong the Barons of the Kingdom, by the name 
 of Lord MoUnes, and during the Civil Wars 
 between theHoufes of York and Laucafterwas 
 beheaded at New-caftle,) made great additions 
 to it. Thomas his fon, llain at Salisbury in his 
 father s life-time, left M.ary an only daughter, 
 married to Edward Lord HaHings, with whom he 
 had a great eftate. But Walter, brother to the 
 faid Thomas, begat Edward Hungerford, father 
 of that Walter whom Henry 8. created Baron 
 Hungerford of Heytesbury, and condemned after- 
 wards for a very heinous crime : neverthelefs. 
 
 Queen Mary reftor’d his children to every thing 
 but the dignity of Barons. TThis Town is 
 famous for the beft Trouts j but tho’ fituate 
 upon a gi'eat road, neither its buildings nor 
 marker are grown confidcrable. I'he Confta- 
 ble (who is annually chofen) is Lord of the 
 Manour, and holds it immediately of the 
 King. They have a Horn, holding about a 
 quart j the inferiprion whereof affirms it to 
 have been given by “John of Gaunt, along with 
 the Rial-fijhing (fo it is there exprefs’d, ) in a 
 certain part of the river.l Not far from hence, 
 to the South, lies Widehay, for a long time the widehay; 
 feat of the Barons of St. Amand, whofe eftate Barons of 
 by marriage came to Gerard Braybrok ; and Eli- Amand, 
 z.abeth, his cldeft grand-daughter by his fon Ge- 
 rard, transfer’d the eftate by marriage to Willi- 
 am Beauchamp, who being fummon’d to Parlia- 
 ment by the name of William Beauchamp of St. 
 
 Amand, was a Baron j as was alfo his fon Ai- 
 chard, who had no ifiue that was legitimate. * ' 
 
 From thence the river Kennet (taking it’s 
 courfe hstvs tQW.Hemfled Marfhall, anciently heldHemfted 
 * by the Rod of the Marfliaifea, and belonging 
 to the Marfhals of England, where Thomas 
 Parry Treafurer of the Houfliold to Elizabeth 
 built a very beautiful feat, fand where now is 
 the feat of the Lord Cravenjl and Benham 
 Valence, fo call’d, from it’s belonging ^o Willi- 
 am, Valence Earl of Pembroke ;) comes to Spi-s^mx’, 
 nee, an old town mention’d by Antoninus; 
 which, retaining it’s name to this day, is call’d 
 Spene : but inftead of a town, is now a poor 
 little village ; fcarce a mile from Newbury, a 
 noted town, that had it’s rife out of the ruins 
 of it. For Newbury with us, is as much as the Newbury, 
 New Borough, in regard to Spinee the more anci- 
 ent place, which is quite decay’d, but hath left 
 the name in a part of A'hu^arj, which is ftill call’d 
 Spinham-lands. And if there were nothing elfe, Spinham- 
 it were enough to prove Newbury to have badlands, 
 it’s original from Spina, that the inhabitants 
 of Newbury own the little village Spene for their 
 mother, tho’ Newbury (compar’d with Spene) is 
 in point of building and neatnefs a very conli- 
 derable town, mucli enrich’d by cloathing, and 
 commodioufly feated upon a plain, with the 
 river Kennet running through it. At the Nor- 
 man Conqueft, this town fell to the fliare of 
 
 Ernulpb de Hefdin Earl of Perch, whofe great 
 
 s a ^ & tioruin. 
 
 grand- 
 
i6y 
 
 AT T RE B AT I J. 
 
 i68 
 
 Dunnirgton- 
 
 caflle. 
 
 grandfcn thmoA Idn-l of I^^Tch being flaiii at 
 the licgc of Lincoln, the Biiliop of Chalons^ his 
 •heir, iold it to IVilllxim Alar^oull Earl of Pem- 
 broke, who likewife held the manour of Hemp- 
 Jled hard-by (and fpokeii of before,) as did his 
 lucceflbrs Mr.rflials of England, till Roger Bigod 
 by his obftinacy loft his Ijononr of Earl Mar- 
 flial and pofli-Hions too ; which, notwithfiand- 
 + Precario. ing, by much | intcrceflion he obtain’d again, 
 for life. rOf late years, it is better known in 
 our Hiftorics, on account of the Engagements 
 there, between his MajeEy King Charles_ i, 
 and the Parliament-Army, in the late Civil 
 Wars.'l 
 
 The Kernel continues it’s couiLe from hence, 
 T and receives the little river Lamboniy which at 
 
 am orn. imparts the name to a fraall market- 
 
 town, that in ancient times belong’d to Al- 
 fi-ith King Alfred's Coufin, having been left him 
 by the laid King by Will j and afterwards it 
 was the Fitz/venrin s, who obtain d for it the 
 . privilege of a market from King Henry 3. * It 
 *o”rc ' “'fo belong’d to the Knightly family of j 
 imltlve's C which II derived it’s pedigree trom WilUmn de 
 ’ ’ EJfex Undcr-Treafurer of England in Edward 
 the time, and from rhofe of the fame Sir- 
 namein£/ex, who have liv’d in great repute and 
 Ifonour there. Frcm thence this little river runs 
 beneath Dehningtorii call’d alfo Dunnington, a fmall 
 but very neat callle, feated on the brow of a 
 woody hill, having a fine profpect, and win- 
 dows on all Tides very lightfome ; Twhich in the 
 late Civil Wars was a garrifon for the King. ' 
 They fay it was built by Sir Richard de Abler- 
 bury Knight, founder alfo of God’s-Houfe be- 
 neath it, for the relief of the poor. After- 
 W'ards, it was the relidcnce of Ckaucert then of 
 the De la Poles ; and, within the memory of 
 *OufFa-* the laft age fave one, of Charles Brandon 
 thers, C. Duke of Suffolk. THere was an Oak, handing 
 till within thefe few }'ears, commonly called 
 Chaucers Oak ; under which he is faid to have 
 penn’d many of his famous Poems. In the 
 3 y'h year of King Henry 8, an A6t of Parlia- 
 ment palled, to enable the King to ereft this 
 Caftle into an Honour.l 
 
 And now the Rennet having run a long way, 
 Aldermafton. by AldermaRon, which Henry i. gave to 
 
 * Robert Achard, from whofe pofterity, by tlic 
 De la Mares, it came at length by marriage to 
 the FoBers, a Knightly family. At laft it runs 
 into the Thames, having firft, with it’s windings, 
 Reading, encompafs’d a great part of This lit- 
 tle city or town of Reading (call’d in Saxon 
 Rbeabyge, from Rhea, that is, the Ri’ver, or 
 from the Britifli word Redin, fignifying Fern, 
 which grew in great plenty hereabouts ; fbut by 
 the Saxon Annals called Reading, Rjedmg, 
 and Reding ; )1 for the neatnefs of it’s ftreets, 
 and thefinenefs of it’s buildings, for it’s riches. 
 Hath <^01* the reputation it * got for making of 
 ten, C. * cloath •, goes beyond all the other towns of 
 this County. TBut of later years, the conveni- 
 ence of the rit'er gii’ing great encouragement 
 to the Mault-trade, they apply thcmfelves ef- 
 pcciallyto that, and find it turn to fo good ac- 
 count, that their employment about Cloath is 
 in great meafure laid alide. For whereas they 
 have had formerly levenfcorc Clothiers, now 
 their number is bur t'ery fmall.1 And it hath 
 loft it’s greateft ornaments, the beautiful Church, 
 and a very ancient Caftle. For, Afferius tells 
 us, that the Danes kept pofl'elfion of this Caftle, 
 when they drew a ditch between ihc-Kennet and 
 tile T’hames, and that they retreated hither, af- 
 Ingkfield. ter King Ethchvolpli had routed them at Ingle- 
 field, a little village in the neighbourhood which 
 gives name to a noble and ancient family. But| 
 
 Chaucer’s 
 Oak. 
 
 it was demolilh’d by King Henry 2. (becaufe 
 it had been a place of refuge for King Stephen’s 
 party) to ftich a degree, that nothing now re- 
 mains of it, but the bare name in .the next 
 ftreet. fWhere this Caftle flood, * Leland fays, * itinerar. 
 he could not exactly difeover j but imagines MS. 
 it might ftand at the weft-end of CaBle-fireet, 
 
 It is probable, that fome part of the Abbey 
 was built out of the ruins of it, and it might 
 perhaps be upon the very fpor w'here the Abbey 
 was. Now, there is not fo much as a tradition 
 of any Caftle, that ever was there : only about 
 the procinfts of the Abbey, are fome ligns of 
 Fortifications ; but tliofe they affirm to have 
 been caft-up no longer fince, than the laft Civil 
 Wars ; and the tracks alfo of the two Baftions 
 are according to the modern way of fortifica- 
 tion. However, the Coins lound there are an 
 evidence of the Antiquity of the place (one 
 particularly of gold, and another of bralsj) 
 but of what P-eople, I have not learn’d.l Near 
 the Caftle, King Henry i. having pull’d down 
 a little Nunnery (founded formerly by Queen 
 Alfritha, to expiate cevtain crimes,) built a 
 moft magnificent Abbey for Monks, and en- 
 rich’d it with great Revenues. Which Prince, 
 to ufe the very words of his Charter of Foun- 
 dation, hccatife three Abbeys in the kingdom of Eng- 
 land were formerly for their fins dejiroy'd, that is, 
 Reading, Chelfea, and Leonminftre, and were 
 long in Lay-mens hands •, did by the advice of 
 the Bifhops, found a new Monafiery at Reading, 
 and endow it with Reading, Chellea, and Leon- 
 minftre. In this Abbey, was inter’d the Foun- 
 der himfelf King Henry, together with his 
 daughter Maud, as appears by the private 
 ftory of the place tho’ fome report that fhe Emprefs. 
 was bury’d at Becc in Nonnandy. She, as well 
 as that Lacedsmonian Lady Lampido, men- 
 tion’d by Pliny, was a King’s Daughter, a 
 King’s Wife, and a King’s Mother : that is. 
 Daughter of this Henry i. King of England, 
 
 Wife of Henry 4, Emperor of Germany, and 
 Mother of Henry 2, King of England. Con- 
 cerning which, take here a Diftich inferib’d 
 upon her tomb, in my judgment ingenious e- 
 iiough : 
 
 Magna ortu, ?naforque viro, fed maxima 
 partu. 
 
 Hie jacet Henrici fiUa, fponfa, parens. 
 
 Great born, match’d greater, greateft brought 
 to bed, 
 
 Here Henry's Daughter, Wife, and Mother’s 
 laid. 
 
 And fhe might well be counted greateft and 
 moji happy in her iflue. For Henry 2. her fon 
 (as Joannes Sarisburienfis, who liv’d in thole AenufisCu- 
 times, hath obferv’d) was the befi King of Britam,''‘fi‘^'^' 
 and the moji fortunate Duke of Normandy and A-'^'"^ ‘ 
 quitain ; and as well in great aHions, as confpicu- 
 om virtues, above all others. How valiant, how magnifi- 
 cent, how wife and modefi he was, almofi from his very 
 itf ancy. Envy it felf can neither conceal nor dijfemble, 
 fince his nclions are flillfrcfi} in our memory, andillu- 
 ftriom ', fince he hath extendedthemonuments of bis Va- 
 lour from the bounds of Britain to theKIarches of Spain. 
 
 And ill another place, concerning the fame 
 Prince .• Henry 2 . the migktiefi King that ever was in 
 Britain, thunder'd it about Garumna, and befieging 
 Tholoufe with fuccefs, did not only firike terror into 
 the inhabitants of Provence as far as the Rhofne 
 and Alpes, but alfo by demolifjsing their firong-holds, 
 and fubduing the people, made the Princes of France 
 and Spain to tremble, as if he threaten d univerfal 
 Conqueji. I will add, if you pleafe, a word or 
 * two 
 
i6p 
 
 RK S H I R E. 
 
 two relating to the lame Prince, out of Giral- 
 dus Cambrenfis : From the Pyrenaan Mountains to 
 the •weflern hounds and fartbejl limits of the northern 
 Oceany this our Weftern Alexander hath Jiretcbed- 
 forth his arm. As far therefore as nature in thefe 
 parts hath enlarged the Land, fo far hath be extend- 
 ed his viBories. If the bounds of his Expeditions 
 •mere fought for, fooner ivoud the globe of the earth 
 fail, than they end j for vshe-re there is valour and 
 refolution. Lands may poffibly be -wanting, but viBo- 
 ries can never fail ; matter for triumphs may be 
 wanting, but triumphs themfelves never. How great 
 an addition to his glories, titles, and triumphs was 
 Ireland ! With how great, and how laudable Cou~ 
 rage, did he pierce thro the very fecret and unknown 
 places of the Ocean ! But take liere an old verfe 
 upon his death, which fully exprefles in fhort, 
 both all this, and alfo the glories of his fon 
 King Richard i. 
 
 Mira cam, fol occubuit, 
 efl. 
 
 nox nulla fecuta 
 
 Strange ! the Sun fet, and yet no Night 
 enfu'd. 
 
 Richard i. For Richard was fo far from bringing night 
 upon this our Nation, that, by his Viflories in 
 Cyprus and Syria, he enlightened it with brighter 
 beams of glory. But this by way of digreflion. 
 Let us now return from perfons to places. This 
 Monaftery, wherein King Henry i. lies inter ’d, 
 * Is now, C.* was converted into a Royal Seat ; adjoyning 
 { Stands, which, f ftood a very fine liable, ftor’dwith 
 noble horfes of the King’s j fbut all thefe are 
 now demolilhed, probably in the late Civil 
 W ars } the buildings which remain, being very 
 far from_ aiifwering fuch a Charader.l Concer- 
 ning this place, take the Verfes of a Poet. 
 wi», defcribing the fhames as running by 
 it, fays, 
 
 Hinc videt exiguum Chawfey, properatque vi- 
 dere 
 
 Redingum nitidum, texendis nobile pannis. 
 
 Hoc docet .^Ifredi noBri viBricia ftgna, 
 
 Begfcegi cadem, calcata cadavera Dani : 
 
 XJtque Juperfufo maduerunt fanguine campi. 
 
 Principis hie Zephyro Cauroque parentihm 
 orti 
 
 Comipedes crebris implent hinnitibm auras, 
 
 Et gyros ducunt, grejfm glomerantque fu- 
 perbos, 
 
 Dum cupiunt noRri Martis fervire lupatls. 
 
 Haccine fed pietas ? heu dira piacula, pri- 
 mum 
 
 Heujlrim Henricm Jitm hie, inglorius iirna 
 
 Nunc jacet ejeBfu, tumulum mvm advena 
 quarit 
 
 Frulh a i nam regi tenues invidit arenas 
 
 Auri facra fames, Regum metuehda fepul- 
 chris. 
 
 Thence little Chawfey fees, and haftens on 
 To Reading, fam d for Cloth, an handfome 
 Town. 
 
 Here iElfred’s troops their happy valour 
 ftiowM, 
 
 On flaughter’d Regfceg and his Pagans \ 
 trod, , 
 
 And drown’d the meadows in a purple 
 
 flood. J 
 
 Here too in ftate the royal courfers fland. 
 Proud to be govern’d by our Mars’s hand, 
 xull Itretch d for race they take their eager 
 round, 
 
 the air, and trampling 
 make the ground. 
 
 But where, poor banifli^d Virtue, arc thou^ 
 
 gone ? A 
 
 Here Henry lies without a lingle ftone, > 
 
 Lquall d, alas, with common dead too 
 
 foon. \ 
 
 So fatal avarice to Kings appears. 
 
 It fpares their Crowns more than their Se- 
 pulchres. 
 
 FFrom this Tow^n, Sir Jacol Jfliey, for his 
 eminent Services to King Charles the firft, was 
 by that Prince created Lord Aflley of Reading 
 And in the year lytS, miliam Cadomn, who 
 had greatly fignahzd his Valour and Condufl, 
 under our famous General John Duke of Marl- 
 borough, in the courfe of the French War, 
 
 W'as advanced to the honour of Baron of Read- 
 ing-, and afterwards, in the year 1718, to the 
 honour of Baron of Oakley, Vifeount CaverJIeam, 
 and Earl Cadogan the lafl mentioned Place, 
 
 VIZ. Caverfham or Cauiham, being the Place 
 of his Lordfhip’s Rdidence, and not above two 
 miles diftant from Reading. Near which, a 
 fome Fats hnee was diicovet’d a lalge Stratum “‘'S’ 
 of OyBer-jbelk, lying on a bed of green Sand, Numb. aCi.' 
 and extending to live or fix Acres of ground ,■ 
 with a bed of bluifh Clay immediately above 
 It. Among thefe, divers have been found, with 
 both the valves or Ihells lying together ; and 
 tho’, in moving them, one of the valves hath 
 frequently broke off from its fellow, it is plain, 
 by comparing andjoyning them, that they ori- 
 ginally belonged to each other.l 
 
 Scarce half a mile from Reading, among fine 
 green Meadows, the Ken-net joyns the Thames ; 
 which, by the conflux being now broader, 
 fpreads it felf towards the north, by Sunning, a Sunning, 
 little village, that one would wonder fltould 
 ever have been the See of eight Biiliops, who 
 had this County and Wiltfllire for their Dio- 
 cefe ; yet our Hillorians tell us it was. The 
 fame was afterwards tranflated by Herman to 
 Sberlurn, and at laft to Salisbury; to which Ei- 
 fhoprick this place flill belongs. Not fat off; 
 ffands^ Laurence JHaltham, where the foundati- Laurence 
 ons of an old fort are to be feen, and Roman Waltham, 
 coins are often dug-up. Thence the Thames 
 paffes by [Hurley,(tom which place Sir Rich-ard Hurley 
 Lovelace, in the third year of King Charles 
 the firft, was advanced to the dignity of a Ba- 
 ron of tliis Realm, by the title of Lord Love- 
 lace of Hurley : then byl Biflleham, contracted Birtleham, 
 now into Bijbam, at firft the Eftate of tlieBilham. 
 Knights-Xcmplars, then ot the Montacutes, '\\iio 
 built a little Afonaftery here j afterwards of" 
 that famous and worthy Knight Sir Eisnards-,, Edward 
 Hobey, a perlon to ■\\hom I owe a very particu- Hobe/» 
 lar refpea, and whofe more than ordinary ob- 
 ligations are, and always will be, fo much the 
 Jubjeft of my thoughts, that I can never poffibly 
 forget them. 
 
 The Thames, leaving Bifiam, fetches a com- 
 pafs, to a little town call'd in former ages Southe- 
 
 dtngm, mv! Maidenhead,* (tom I know nor what Maidenhead. 
 
 Britim Maiden s head, j one of thofe eleven * A cuUu ca. 
 thouland Virgins, who, as they returned home 
 from Rome with Urfula their Leader, ftiffer’d 
 Martyrdom near Cologne in Germany, from that 
 fcourge of God, Attila. Neither is the town 
 of any great antiquity,- for no longer ago than 
 f our great grandfathers time, there was a ferry, f So hid, 
 in a place fomewhat higher, at Babham’s-end.^rio, i6oj] 
 But, after they had built here a wooden bridge 
 upon piles, it began to have inns, and to be fo 
 frequented, as to outvie its neighbouring mo- 
 ther Bray a much more ancient place, as ha- 
 ving given name to the whole Hundred. I have 
 long been of opinion, that the Bibroci, whogii,--^ 
 
 Y fubmit- 
 
IJl 
 
 172 
 
 ATTREBATIL 
 
 iubmitted themfelves to Cafar’s protetSion, in- 
 habited thefe parts ; and why fhou’d I not 
 think fo ? Here are very clear and plain remains 
 ot the name ; alfo, BibraUe in France, is now 
 contrafted into Bray ; and not far from hence 
 Cifar crofs’d the Thames with his Army (as I 
 fhall fhew in its proper place,) when theie parts 
 fubmitted to him. Certainly, fliould one feek 
 for the Bthroci elfewhere, ever fo diligently, he 
 wou’d, I believe, hardly find them. 
 
 Windfor. AmongthefeSi^mi,flourifhes fVindefor, inSax- 
 on TFinblepoppa, Finblei"Oupe, Pmblepopa, and 1 
 Finblephopa, perhaps from the winding fiiore; 
 foppe in that language fignifying a bank or jhore. I 
 It is teimM Windle-JJ^ora in King Edw'ard the 
 Confefibr’s Charter •, who in thele very words 
 made a Grant of it to Weftminfter : To the 
 praife of Almighty God^ I have granted cm an en- 
 dowment and perpetual inheritancey to the ufe ofthofe 
 that ferve the Lord, Windlefhora, with its appur- 
 tenances. And 1 have read nothing more ancient 
 concerning JVindjor. But the Monks had not 
 held it long, when William the Norman, by 
 exchange, brought it back to the Crown. For 
 thus his Charter runs ; IVitb the conjent and fa- 
 vour of the Venerable the Abbot of WeBminBery 1 
 have enter d into a compojiiion about Windfor’i be- 
 ing in the pojfejfon oj the Crowny becaufe that place 
 feems commodious for the Kingy by reafon oJ the 
 neamefs of the river, and the for^fi for hunting, and 
 many other conveniencies being likewife a place fit for 
 * Perhendi- the King's * Retireinent : in lieu whereof, / have 
 nationi, granted thesn Wokendune and' Ferings. Scarce 
 any Royal Seat can have a more pleaikur litua- 
 tion. For from an high hill, it hath a mofi 
 delightful profpedl all round. Its front over- 
 looks a long and w'ide Vale, chequer’d with 
 corn-fields and green meadows, clothed on each 
 fide with groves, and water’d with the calm 
 and gentle Thames. Behind it, there arife hills 
 every where, neither craggy, nor over-high 
 adorn’d with woods, and, as it wx^re, conjecra- 
 tedhy Nature to the Exercife of Hunting. The 
 plealantnefs of it hath drawn many of our 
 Princes hither, as to a retiring-place ; and 
 here King Edw’ard 3 . (that potent Prince) was 
 born, to conquer France : who built new from 
 the ground a Caftle, in bignefs equal to a little 
 City, fortified with ditches, and towers of 
 fquare-flone ; and, having prcfently after fub- 
 du’d the French and the Scots, he kept at the 
 fame time ydn King of France, and David 
 King of Scots, Prifoners here. This CafUe is 
 divided into two Courts. The inner, w-hich ■ 
 looks towards the Eaft, contains in it the ■ 
 King’s palace than which, if you confider the 
 contrivance of the buildings, nothing can be • 
 more {lately and magnificent. On the north- 
 fide, where it looks down to the river, Queen 
 Elizabeth added a mofi; pleafant Terrafs-Walk. 
 The outer Court hath at it’s entrance a fiately : 
 Chapel, dedicated by King Edward 3, to the 
 blefled Virgin Mary and St. George of Cap- 
 padocia j but it w^as brought to it’s prelent 
 magnificence by King Edward 4. fin our 
 time, the Lodgings, Hall, Chapel, &c. have been, 
 at vaft expence, exceedingly adorned, and 
 beautified with curious Paintings, and other 
 noble Improvements.! 
 
 1350. Here, King Edward 3. (for the adorning 
 and encouraging of military Virtue, with ho- 
 nours, rewards, and glory,) inftituted a mofi 
 noble fociety of Knights, which (as fome re- 
 port) from his own Garter, given for the Sig- 
 nal in a battle that prov’d fuccefsful, he filled 
 Order of Garter. They wear on their left 
 
 ®*^^^*^* leg, a little below the knee, a blue Garter, car- 
 ^ tying this Motto embroider’d in letters of gold. 
 
 .and in French, HOMI SOlD QfiJi M.AL 
 T P E NSE, and fafien the fame with a buckle 
 ol gold, as a token of Concord and a tye of 
 the firideft Amity, to the end there might be 
 among them a kind ot Confociatioa and commu- 
 nity of Virtues. Others refer it to the Gar- 
 : ter of the Queen, or rather of Joan Countefs 
 ; of Salisbury (a Lady of incomparable beauty) 
 
 ' that fell from her as Ihe was dancing, and was 
 raken-up by the King : at which the Nobles 
 - that flood about him, laughing, the King told 
 i them, I'hat the time fhould fhortly come, 
 
 : when the highefi honour imaginable fhould be 
 I paid to that Garter. This is the common rt- 
 ; port neither need it feem a mean original, 
 
 ! conlidering that, as one faith, NobilitcM fub a- 
 ? more jacet, i. e. Love carries in it a A/o/j/ea^ of 
 
 • mind. There are fome too, who make the 
 ? Infiitution of this Order, much more anci- 
 
 • eiit ; afcribing it to King Richard i, and per- 
 : fuading themfelves that King Edward only re- 
 : viv’d it ; how truly, I know not. Yet in the 
 
 very book of the firfi Infiitution, which hVilli- 
 am Detbick Garter Principal King at Arms gave 
 me a fight ot (a Gentleman very inquifitive af- 
 ' ter every thing relating to Honour, and the ISbo- 
 
 ■ bility,) we read thus ; PVhen King Richard led 
 his Army agaiyifi the Turks and * Saracens, Cy- . 
 
 I prus and Aeon, and vocm weary oj Juch lingring 
 
 ■ delays, while the fiiege was carried on with a wonder- 
 
 ■ ful deal oj trouble : at length, upon a divine infpi- 
 ration ( by the apparition, as it was thought, of St. 
 George,) it came into his mind, to draw upon the 
 
 • legs oj fame ckofen Knights of his, a certain tach 
 OJ leather, juch as he had then ready at hand, where^ 
 
 ■ by being minded of the juture glory promfed them if 
 they conquer d, they might be incited to behave them- 
 felves with courage and refolution : in imitation of 
 the Romans, who had juch variety of crowns, wbere- 
 
 '■ with, upon feveral accounts, they prefented and Iso- 
 nour d their foldiers j that, by inBigations and al- 
 lurements of this kind, cowardice might be jhaken of, 
 and valour and bravery might fpring up, and Jhovi 
 themjelves with greater vigour and refolution. 
 
 However, the mightieft Princes of Chriften- 
 dom have reckon’d it among their greateft ho- 
 nours, to be chofen into this Order ; and lines 
 it s firfi infiitution, there have been already ad- 
 mitted into this Order (which confifis of twen- 
 ty-fix Knights) * twenty-eight Kings or there-* « 
 abouts, belides our Kings of England, who are ’ 
 term d Sovereigns thereof ; not to mention a great Sovereigns; 
 many Dukes, and ocher ^rfons of the greateft 
 quality. And here, it will not be amifs, to fet „ 
 down the names of thofe who' were firfi admit-^jj^J* order, 
 ted info this Order, and are commonly call’d 
 the Founders oj the Order ; for their glory ought 
 never to be obliterated, who in thofe days had 
 Very few Equals in point of military Valour 
 and Bravery, and were upon that account di- 
 fiinguillied, and adv'anced ^ this honour. 
 
 Edward the third. King of England. 
 
 Edward his eldeji Son, Prince of PVales, 
 
 Henry Duke of Lancajier. 
 
 Thomas Earl of Warwick. 
 
 Capdall de Buche. 
 
 Ralph Earl of Stafford. 
 
 William JVIontacute Earl of Salisbury. 
 
 Roger Mortimer Earl of March. 
 
 John Vifie. 
 
 Bartholomew Burgwafh. 
 
 John Beauchamp. 
 
 John de Mohun. 
 
 Hugh Courtney. 
 
 Thomas Holland. 
 
 John Grey. 
 
 Richard 
 
171 
 
 Barks IfmE 
 
 * WiStm 
 ftpcli C. 
 
 Wickham’s 
 
 Apophthegm, 
 
 ou-wina- 
 
 for. 
 
 *Hag*. 
 f De Gablo. 
 
 Eaton. 
 
 Barons of 
 Windfor, 
 
 Richard Fit^r Simon. 
 
 Miles Stapleton. 
 
 "Thomas Walie. 
 
 Hugh JVrotheJley. 
 
 Niel Loring. 
 
 John Chandos. 
 
 James de Awdeley. 
 
 Otho Holland. 
 
 Henry Erne. 
 
 Zanchet Dabridgecourt. 
 
 * IValter Paveky. 
 
 On the left-fide of the Chapel, are the hou- 
 fes of the Warden or Dean, and the twelve 
 Prebendaries. On the right-fide, is a building, 
 much of the nature of the Grecian Prytaneum, 
 in which twelve aged foldiers. Gentlemen born, 
 are maintained. Thefe wear conftantly a fear- 
 let gown, reaching down to their ankles, with 
 a purple mantle over it j and are bound to be 
 at Divine Service, and to offer up their prayers 
 to God daily for the Knights of the Order. 
 Between the two Courts, there rifes a high 
 mount, on which the Round Tower ftands ; and 
 hard by it, ftands another lofty Tower, called 
 WincheBer-Towert from H^lliam of IVickham Bi- 
 fhop of Winchefter, whom King Edward 3 
 made overfeer of the work. Some report, that 
 Wickhami after he had built the Tower, cut 
 thefe words (which are not to be exprefs’d with 
 the fame turn in Latin) on a certain inner wall. 
 This made Wickham. Which fentence, in the 
 i.Englifh tongue, that feldom makes any diftin- 
 ftion of cafeSi bears fuch a doubtful conftructi- 
 on, as renders it uncertain, whether he made 
 the Caftle, or the Caftle made Iiim. This was 
 carried to the King by fome fecret Backbi- 
 ters, and fo reprefented to his prejudice, as if 
 Wickham did arrogantly challenge to himfelf all 
 the honour of the building. Which when the 
 King took ill, and Jfharply chid him for j he 
 made this anfwer, that he had not arrogated to 
 himfelf the honour of fo magnificent and royal 
 a Palace, but only accounted this piece of work 
 the foundation of all his Preferments. Neither 
 /jizw /(continued he) madef^fj CaflUy but this Ca- 
 flle hath made me,andyjrom a mean conditiony hath 
 advaned me to the Kings favour, and to riches, and 
 honours. Under the caftle towards the Weft and 
 South, lies the town, indifferent large and po- 
 pulous : fince King Edward the 3‘^’s time this 
 hath been growing into repute and the other, 
 which ftands further off, now calfd Old Wind- 
 foYy hath by little and little fallen to decay: in 
 which (in the reign of William i, as we read 
 in his book) there were an hundred '* houfes, inhere- 
 of two and twenty were exempt from tax | j out of 
 the refi there went thirty fhillings. Here is nothing 
 elfe, worth the mentioning, except fthe beauti- 
 ful feat of the Duke of St. Albans; andl Eaton, 
 which lies over-againft Windfor on the other 
 fide of the Thames, and is joyn’d to it by a 
 wooden bridge. It hath a fine College, and a 
 noted School for Humanity-learning, founded 
 by King Henry 6 -, wherein, befides the Provoftj 
 eight Fellows, and the Choir, fixty Scholars 
 are maintain^, and taught Grammar, and in 
 due time are prefer’d to the Univerfity of 
 Cambridge. But this is reckon’d in Bucking- 
 hamfhire. There remains nothing more to be 
 faid of Windfor, but that there is an honoura- 
 ble family of Barons, firnam’d de Windfor, who 
 derive their original from Walter fon of Other) 
 Caftellane of Windfor in the reign of King 
 William i ; from whom likewife, Robert Glover 
 Somerfet-Herald (a perfon very induftrious and 
 skilful in the art of Heraldry) hath prov’d, 
 that the Fitzgeralds in Ireland, Earls of Kftdare 
 
 and Cefaond .re defeended. And now let it 
 not be thought troublefome to run over thefe 
 verfes ™on Windfor, taken out of the mI- 
 
 hrnt endeavours to cele- 
 
 brate the d, gutty of the place, and the Maje- 
 
 there^'^‘'‘‘ tbzabeth, then keeping her Court 
 
 'hm Windefirf furgum in culmina ripi 
 durrigerx, celfo lambimes Venice caelum, 
 ^uaeuh confpexit doclc ^ gmtatm Etonce, 
 iplcejmt Orhlm nimium JubjeSa plagofis ; 
 Cxruleum caput iHe levant, ita farier infit. 
 .nenae molet,gradibm furgemia templac ^ 
 Ferratos poftes, pinnas, vivaria, vere 
 ^rpetuo lam Campos, Zephyrique colono 
 Elorentes boras, regum cunabula, regum 
 Amatos thalamos, regum praclara fepukhra, 
 ht quacunque refers ', nunc, Windefora, re- 
 jerre 
 
 ^ff^’Cappadocis quanquam fa clara Georg} 
 Milttsd, procerimque cohors chlamydata ni- 
 tenti 
 
 CinSa perifcelidi furai, te lumme tanto 
 Illuflret, t antis radiis perliringit & orbem ; 
 
 Ut jam Pbryxamn fpernat Burgundia veUmj 
 Contemnat achleis variatos Gallia torques, 
 
 Et a-uce confpicuas PaUas, Rhodes, Alcala it 
 Elba ; 
 
 SoUque militix fit fpkndid'a gloria veflra. 
 Define mirari, latari define tandem. 
 
 Omnia concedunt uni, fuperatur in uno 
 Qidcquid babes, tibi major horns, tihi gloria 
 major, 
 
 Accola quod mflrze ripa fiet incola vobis 
 Elizabetha. ( Simulque fuo quafi poplite 
 fiexo 
 
 tamifaen ! placide fubjidets & inde profa- 
 tur) 
 
 Elizoabethafuis Diva & Deafola Eritannis, 
 Cujus inexbauficu laudes fi carmine nofiro 
 CompJeSli cuperem, Melibocco promptim Alpes 
 Imponam, numeremque meas numerofm a- 
 
 reiiof. 
 
 St quafdam tacuiffe velim, quameunque ta- 
 cebo. 
 
 Major erit ; primos aSlm, veterefque labored 
 Profequar I adfefe revocant prafentia mentemi 
 Juflitiam dicam ? magis at chnentia fphndet. 
 Vtclrices rejeram vires ? plm vicit iner^nis. 
 Qtiod pietas floret, quod non timet Anglia 
 Martem, 
 
 Quod legi nemo, quod lex dominatur (y 
 Omni, 
 
 Qjild vkina trud nonfervit Scotia Gallo, 
 
 Exuit atque fuos fyl'ueflris Hibernia mores, 
 Criniger Ultonim quod jam tnitefeere dij'cit, 
 
 Lam fibi fola cadit, nil non debetur gjy HU < 
 Crimina qua pellunt, tanta qua principe 
 digna 
 
 Omnes templafacro pofuerunt peSiore Divai 
 Relligio juperos janSie monet ejfe colendas, 
 Juflitia Utilibus femper praponere jujium 
 Edocet'y ut praceps nil fit, prudentia fuadet 
 Temperies ut ca/ia velit, cupiatque pudica 
 Inflruit ; immotam mentem confiantia firmat. 
 Him EADEM SEMPER, reBe fibi vindi- 
 cat ilia. 
 
 Proferat undofo quis tantas carmine laudes? 
 
 Sola tenet laudim quicquid numerahitis omnes. 
 Sit jelix, valeat, vivat, laudetur, ametur', 
 
 Dum mihifunt fluBm, dum curfpu, dum miki 
 ripa, 
 
 Angligenum foeljx Princeps moderetur ha~ 
 benas, 
 
 Finiat una dies mihi curfm, & fibi vi- 
 tam. 
 
 Now 
 
 174 
 
 •f 
 
 Queeft Elizas 
 beth. 
 
 Qiiesn Ellia- 
 bech’s Motto. 
 
AT T RE B AT II. 
 
 176 
 
 Now on the bank fam*d Windfor’s towers 
 appear. 
 
 Mount their high tops, and pierce the ut- 
 moft air. 
 
 At this (but firft does Eaton’s walls falute. 
 Where ftern OrbiliM governs abfolute. 
 
 And in prbud ftate his birchen fcepter 
 fhakes) 
 
 Thames lifts it’s azure head, and thus he 
 fpeaks : 
 
 WindJoYy no more thy ancient glories tell, ^ 
 No more relate the wonders of thy hill ; f 
 Thy Forts, thyFenns, thy Chapefsilate-f 
 ly pile ; ) 
 
 Thy Spires, thy fmiling Fields, thy happy 
 Springs i 
 
 Thy Cradles, Marriage-beds, or Tombs of 
 Kings. 
 
 Foi^et the Knights thy noble ftalls adorn. 
 The Garter too by them in honour worn : 
 Tho’ that great Order found the hrft in 
 fame. 
 
 And fwells fo high with mighty Georges 
 name. 
 
 That Burgmdy contemns her golden Fleece, 
 And the light French their Icallop’d chains 
 defpife. 
 
 Rhodes, Alcala and Elbe with fhame difow'n 
 I'ka painted Crofles on their mantles 
 fhown. 
 
 Thefe glories now are all eclips’d by one. 
 One honour vies with all thy old renown. 
 When on thy courts, and on my bank we 
 fee 
 
 Elizabeth (then T’hames with bended knee 
 Stoops low to pay obeyfance to her name ; 
 And thus goes on, pleas’d with his mighty 
 theme.) 
 
 Elizabeth, whom we With wonder ftile 
 The Queen, the Saint, the Goddefs of our 
 IQe : 
 
 Whofe praife fhould I endeavour to rehearfe 
 Within the narrow bounds of feeble verfej 
 As foon huge Athos might on Atlas ftand 1 
 Kais’d by my ftrength •, as foon my weary j 
 hand 
 
 But ah ! my numbers all are fpent in 
 vain. 
 
 And grafp at that they never can con- 
 tain. 
 
 Should fome wild fancy all rh’ encomiun\sl 
 
 , I 
 
 That w’orth could e’re deferve, or poet 1 
 
 feign, f 
 
 The Panegyrick would be ftill too 
 
 mean. j 
 
 O may her years increafe with Iter re- 
 
 nown, I 
 
 May conftant joys attend her peaceful ! 
 
 Crown, I 
 
 While I my llreams or banks can call my 
 own 1 J 
 
 And when fhe dies (if Goddefl'es can die) 
 May I ilraight fail, and be for ever dry 1 
 
 Might count the endlefs globules of my : 
 land. J 
 
 If any grace on purpofe I’d conceal. 
 
 What I pafs by will prove the greateft ftill. 
 If her palt deeds inipire my joyful tongue, 
 Her prefent actions flop th’ imperfeiS long. 
 Should her Hrict juflice fill my rifing 
 thought. 
 
 Her mercy comes bewceii and drives it out. 
 Or was my fubjeft her triumphant Arms, 
 Alas ! more trophies grace Iter conqu’ring 
 charms. 
 
 That virtues flourifli, and the peaceful 
 gown ; 
 
 That all to laws are fubjeft, laws to none : 
 That Scotland hath refus’d the Gallkk yoak. 
 And Ireland all her favage arts forfook : 
 
 That IJlBer s fons at laft reform’d appear, 
 ,To her they owe ; the fame belongs to 
 her. 
 
 Virtues, that fingle make us thro’Iy blell. 
 United, all adorn her princely breaft. 
 
 To heaven her Godlike mind Religion 
 bears, 
 
 Juftice to profit honefty prefers. 
 
 Deliberate prudence cautious thoughts in- 
 fpires. 
 
 And temp’rance guides her innocent de- 
 fires. 
 
 Her fettled conftancy’s unlhaken frame 
 Deferves the noble Motto, STILL TH E 
 SAME. 
 
 (Not far from Windfor, on a hill call’d St. 
 
 Leonard' s-hill, have been difcover’d great St Leonard's 
 bets of Antiquities, fuch as Coins, Inllrumentshi'i}. 
 of War, and an ancient Lamp.l 
 The reft of Burkjhire, fouthward from Wind- 
 for, and lhadow’d with woods and groves, is 
 commonly call’d Windfor-Forefi, and is butwjndLr. 
 thinly planted with villages (of which Oking-Fareil ' 
 ham is the moll noted, for bignefs, and icsOkingliam. 
 cloathing-trade ■, ) but is well-ftock’d every 
 where with game. FNor is there any other 
 thing remarkable in this part, except a large Brit,* 
 Camp at Rafl-hamflead, commonly called Caja/i Ead-ham* 
 Camp.l Now (fince we have often Ipoke 
 Forefts already, and firall hereafter have occali- a Fore!! 
 on to fpeak of them ;) if you defire to know w-hat wh.u it is. 
 a Forefi is, and whence the name comes, take it^nd w’lerfs 
 here out of the Black Book of the Exchequer. 
 
 Forejl, is a fafe harbour for beafis ; not of every fort, 
 but for fuch only as are vsild : not in every place, but 
 in fome certain places fit for that purpofe : -whence it 
 is call'd Forefta, quafi Fereila, that is, Ferarum 
 ftacio. And it is incredible, how much ground 
 the Kings of England have fuffer’d every where 
 to lie wafte, and have fe-t apart and enclos’d 
 for Deer ; or, as our writers term it, have affo- 
 refted. Nor can I believe, that any thing was 
 the caufe, but an immoderate delight in * hunt- * Or for find- 
 ing (tho’ fome attribute it to want of people;) for mgtheCour: 
 fince the Danifh times, they have continurdly afo-'-^ VenifoR. 
 rejied more and more places, and, for the pre- 
 fervation of the Game there, have impofed very 
 ftrief laws, and appointed a Chief-Ranger or To- rar^sr. 
 reffer, to take cognizance of all cauies relating ° 
 to the Forefts ; who might punifli, with lofs of 
 life or limb, any one that fliould kill the Deer 
 in any Chafe or Foreft. But foannes Sarisburi- 
 enfis lliall briefly relate thele things, in his own 
 w^ords, out of his Polycraticon : Fhat 'xhkh vsill 
 make you more admire ; to lay gins for birds, to lay 
 fnares, to allure them ivith fprings or pipe, or to en- 
 trap them any manner of vsay, is by proclamation 
 often made a crime, punifhable vAth forfeiture of 
 goods, or lofs of limb and life. Tou have heard, 
 that the fovsls of the air and fifhes of the fea, are 
 common. But thefe are the Kings, and are claimed, 
 by the Foreji-Lavs, luhere-e're they fly. With-hold 
 thine^ hand, and f orbear, leji thou fall into theHuntf- 
 man s hands, and be punifh'd for ‘Treafon. “The Huf- 
 bandmen are debar/ d their Fallovjs, whiljl the Deer 
 have liberty to jiray abroad ; and, that their feedings 
 may be enlarg d, the Farmer is cut fhort of the ufe of 
 his own grounds. W^lsat is fown or planted they keep 
 from the Country-man, and pafiuragefrom the Gra- 
 ziers and throw the Bee-hives out of the Flowry 
 Plots j nay, even the Bees themfelves are fcarce fuf- 
 ferd to enjoy their natural liberty. Which courfes, 
 feemingtoo inhuman, had often been the occa- 
 fion of great difturbances, till, by the Barons 
 
 revolt, 
 
BAR 
 
 Juflices i: 
 £>re. 
 
 revolt, the Ghana de Forefta was extorted from 
 Henry 5 j wherein, having abrogated tliofe ri- 
 gorous laws, he granted others more equitable, 
 to which they who live w'itliin the limits of the 
 Forefts, are at this day bound to be conforma- 
 I ble. Afterwards, two Juftices were appointed 
 for thefe Caufes, whereof one prelides over all 
 the Forefts on this fide the river Trent, the 
 other over thofe beyond it as far as Scotland ; 
 and both, with great authority. Throughout 
 all this County ( as we find in the Survey- 
 book of England) Fhe T'aine or Kings Knight 
 holding of him as Lord, whenfoever he died, left to 
 the King for a Relief, all his Armour, one Horfe 
 v^ith a Saddle, and another toithout a Saddle. And 
 if he had either Hounds or Havsks, they were tendred 
 to the King ; that if he fleas’ d, he might take them. 
 
 in King ^ Edwards time 
 
 all Barltfiire, an hide yielded 3 d. ob. 
 jore ClmJhnas, and as much at Whitfuntide. 
 
 I Barkftire gave the title of Earl.firft to Fmnde 
 Norns, created Jan. 2 8. 1520 ; but he dying 
 Without iffne-male, it was beftow’d upon rLl 
 Hmard, Lord Howard al Charlton, and Vifcount 
 Aiowr ; who was fucceeded in this Honour 
 S and heir ; and Charles, by 
 
 Thomas Hmard his brother: Which Thomas dv- 
 title of Earl of 
 
 grandfonof William, whowas fom-th fon of Tho- 
 mas the firft Earl of Barklhire, of this Family.! 
 
 The-re are in this County 140 Purifies. 
 
 »/ Danmonii, Durotriges, BeW 
 
 J- and Attrebatii, while tlx Saxons had the Sovereimv here in R ritmvi. lielnvtr^ A +n tUr. J 
 
 jTT a Q L - 1. 1 • 7 • 7 ^ Sov^reigytty here in Britain, belong d to the Kingdom of the 
 
 mft-Sanon^, tuhtch they ,n therr language caltd * Fearc- 6 eaxan-pic, as Ly catted themfZfdt. 
 
 
 Geuiffi, and others Vifl-Saxones, frotn their ■wedern fttuation ■ at th, ' d ChC 
 
 Gothi. Tte/e at lenffh tutsm the Englifi Empire Js grmn t’o maturity, iduc^d the 7 aZmffhy"lZf"" 
 mto a Monarchy, M nmerthelejs, afterwards thro the laz.inefs of their Kings, cyuickly gyrew 7 TwJe • 
 decrcptt, and tsamfi d. So that h^-em we daily fee it confirm’d, that the r act of the mofl tsaliam, Zd 
 mllejl Famhes, as the Shots of Plants, have thdr firfi fiproming-up, their tije of fijering, and mZt 
 rtty and m the end, by little and little, fade and die. 
 
 More rare "Blanu growing wild i«Bark- 
 fliire. 
 
 Myrtus Brabantica five Elseagnus Cordi Get. 
 Gaule or Dutch Myrtle. See the Synonymes in Dor- 
 fetfhire. By old LVindfor-fark corner. Park. p. 
 1451 - 
 
 Orchis galea & alis fere cinercis J. E. Cy- 
 nos orchis latifolia hiante cucullo minor C. B. 
 latitolia minor Park, major altera Ger. The man 
 Orcbies. On Cawfham hills by the Tfbames-fide, not 
 far from Reading. 
 
 Polygonatum Ger. vulgare Park. latifoHum vul- 
 gare C. B. Polygonatum, vulgo ligillum Solo- 
 monis y. B. Solomon s Seal. In a field adjoyning to 
 the Wafh at. Newberry, and in divers other places 
 of Barkjhire. Obferved by my worthy friend Mr. 
 George HorfneU Chirurgeon in London. 
 
 Hieracium Pulmonaria diftum anguftifoJium. 
 Pulmonaria Gallica feu aurea anguftifolia Ger. 
 emac. Narrow-leaved golden lamg-wort. Found in 
 an old Roman camp at Sidmonton near Newberry. 
 Ger. emac. p. 305. 
 
179 
 
 i8o 
 
 a?C^J9^ 
 
 
 R E G N I* 
 
 X"T the Attrcbatii to the Enfii the Regni {call’d by Ptolemy P^>»oi,) inbahi-* 
 ted thofe Counties ’which we no-w call Surrey and Southiex j with tlse fea-coafi of 
 Haraftiire. As to the Etymology of the name, / am inclin d to conceal my prefent 
 opinion ; hecanfe it is poffble it may be as much out oj the way, as if / f>ould 
 affirm the P»>v!« to be Jo called from their being a Regnum or Kingdom, to whici) 
 the Romans granted the Privilege of continuing under Kingly government. For, 
 as Tacitus tells m, Cogidunus King of the Eritains bad certain Cities put un- 
 der his furifdiBion, according to an ancient cufiom of the -Romans ; with no other 
 defignMt that they might have Kings their (laves. But this cenjeBure, to my felf 
 'dries not appear probable, and to others will feem abfurd andfo I give it up. As for the Etymology of 
 the Saxon names {which are of a later date) I readily clofe with them, fince they have fuch a clear ap- 
 pearance of truth : Namely, South-fex yi'ow the Soiith-Saxons ; and Surrey from the Southerly fituation 
 with regard to the river. For that this is the meaning o/Suth-rey, no one can deny, who confiders that f 0-\ofrg, ,'n 
 
 ver-rhey in the old Saxon (ignifies Over the river. Saxon, is a 
 
 ^ Bank. Vid, 
 
 ’ Smkpari, 
 
 S U T H-R E T. 
 
 Rhey. 
 
 ^ Rea, C. 
 
 xVRRET, call’d by Bede 
 riona, commonly Suthrey and 
 Surrey, by the Saxons, from 
 it’s iituation on the South- 
 iide of the river, 6uSpea (for 
 6u3 with them fignifies the' 
 South, and * Ca. a river : ) 
 joyns, on the Weft, to Barkfhire and Ham- 
 fhire, on the South to Sufiex, on the Eaft to 
 iCent ; and on th$ North it is wafli’d, and 
 parted from Middlefex, by the river Thjimes. 
 The County is nor very large, but pretty rich, 
 where it lies upon the Thames j and where it 
 is an open champain, it is tolerably fruitful in 
 'corn, and more fo in hay, efpccially to the 
 South, where a continu’d low vale runs along 
 Holmfdale, ( call’d formerly from the . "Nvoods, Holmfdale, ) 
 vhich a mixture of woods, fields, and mea- 
 dows, renders exceeding picafant. Here and 
 there, are long ridges of hills j the parks are 
 every where ftord with Deer, and the rivers 
 with fifti ', which two aftbrd the agreeable plea- 
 fures of hunting and fifliing. 'It is by fome 
 compared to a coarfe garment, or cloth of a 
 flight and coarfe make, with a green border ; 
 the inner part of the County being barren, 
 but the outer, or as it were the Hem, more 
 fruitful. In the furvey of it, I will make the 
 Thames, and the rivers that flow into it, my 
 guides (by which means I fliall omit nothing 
 memorable; becaufe all the places of any note 
 for antiquity, lie upon the rivers :) fhaving firft 
 premifed in general, that the moft confiderable 
 piece of Antiquity that this County aftbrds us, 
 Stone-flreet, famous Roman Stone- fir eet, vifi- 
 
 ble in feveral parts of it. It goes through 
 D«3r/^?V^“Church-yard ; as they plainly find by 
 digging the graves ; and, between that place 
 and Stanfied, it is difeover’d upon the hills, by 
 making of ditches. Afterwards, in the Parifh 
 
 of Okeley (which in winter is extrcamly wetjokeley. 
 it is very plainly trac’d. Had not the civil 
 wars prevented, we might before this time 
 have had a more diftind: account of it ; for 
 Fbomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey, had made 
 fome attempts towards the exadt difeovery of 
 its remains, tracing it from Arundel through all 
 the deep country of Sujfex but the wars co- 
 ming on, hinder’d his further progrefs.l 
 
 The Thames (to go along with the ftream of 
 it) as foon as it has left Barklhire, glides to 
 Chertfey, call’d fin Saxon Eeop^epge and I byChertfev, 
 Bede Ceroti Infula, i.e. the Ifland of Cerotus : 
 but now it fcarce makes a Peninfula, except in 
 winter-time. In this, as a place moft retir’d 
 from the commerce of the world, Frithwald, 
 a petty King of Surrey under Wulpher King oj the 666. 
 Mercians (tor fo he ftilcs himfelf in the Foun- 
 dation-Charter, ) and Erchenwald Bifliop ot 
 London, built a little Monaftery in the in- 
 fancy of the Englilh Church, which was for 
 fome time the Burying-place of that moft Re- 
 ligious King, Henry 6; whom the York-family, Henry 6. 
 atter they had dethron’d him, cut off, to make 
 tiiemfelves fecure of the Crown, and bury’d 
 him here without the leaft mark of honour. 
 
 But King Henry 7. removing him to Windfor, 
 bury’d him in a New Tomb with the folem- 
 nity becoming a King, and was fuch an admi- 
 rer of his Religion and Virtues (for he was an 
 exadt pattern of Chriftian piety and patience,) 
 that he apply’d himfelf to Pope Julius, to have 
 him put in the kalendar of the Saints. AndHiftoryof 
 
 this had certainly been done, if the Pope’s ava-Canterbury- 
 rice had not ftood in the way, who demanded 
 too large a fum for the King’s Apotheofts or Ca- 
 nonization ; which would have made it look, 
 as if the honour had nor been pay’d, fo much 
 to the fandtity of the Prince, as to the gold. 
 
 Below 
 
•'iBjcklia 
 
 'errjn 
 
 '‘Tjvtsirpi-fh 
 
 .^idlejtOK 
 
 yafKnd 
 
 Ifr.’tKnd 
 
 
 ^idevjdlCyjd 
 
 
 SLu-iu-aUr 
 
 i ihh'lui'ifireet- 
 
 Jdjdeif 
 
 •jh-erl/ujt 
 
 ^^Oekham 
 
 d'aiah h)d 
 
 Xenyti^ < 
 JC^tlewell ' 
 
 £urbriaht 
 
 V 7 ■ 
 
 — -y Sutrpret 
 
 'JMhfu/d ^ * 
 
 V'&r^^jv/et/ 
 
 ' RuittKii^k .th 
 
 Cn\i^na,iJuU 
 f hiMo/ce 
 
 "S/a.yt/Cwfk 
 
 " ‘ "“iS-w/, 
 
 T«;;; ’S’f 
 
 •ueliai-’i «/ / , 
 
 Guili’qjsi" . , 'fc •.-•2--ir--.-.-- 
 k'^Lti^haChapiM." 
 
 X?9vrll',-<rlcr _^~rT ! 
 
 \i/imf/iNr/7- 
 
 I.i,df 7 .anS 3 n 
 
 :k h k 4 
 
 ■■% M In 
 
 ^Vff ^ ■6*^^ -,^Jledi'A^iSlr/el I 1* 
 
 \^jdgbridjeJfil( dU’linbnru o \ 
 
 
 lltUfordS 
 
 '•’^afs^ti/l 
 
 GoAalniii 
 
 Tj LitdhcrjiBdi^ ^ ^ (j 
 
 JtrencJiLtm 
 
 • Cherfe 
 
 JiMuhtcdo , 
 
 'ffeen 
 
 mere. 
 
 'bidiri^^folj^ 
 
 Sk^ftni'erJUlU'- 
 
 
 BUlllUL IW ul 1il,-//e 
 
T^lino 
 
 
 .KrtisinjLm 
 
 
 
 /itVM’ici 
 
 ■ <7 * ■ • r / ^L -^fiJimriniitcin \ K 
 
 / - ‘■'’^^'t ^^ueham ,'*V,^ 
 Y ^tm^AZJ->^h/fi■^Ay,^,.^,^f^ To . ^ 
 (JJi.iUt'rseif ,' \ « \ 1 t 
 
 /*< i-/.y/;.r/.. ^ umA.^^ £,Aan • ' 
 
 1 lU-''''" ' 
 
 I oS^ch’ell Q -|^\ 
 
 .Jlv-^rtA 4, _ 7^«A,;,V/, 
 
 '- ICniphtAffil! 
 
 I A <»iil isri^^-G 
 
 , ife.^ . 
 
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 JBulmv — u 
 
 f^*ivh-ini/jt,v 
 
 ''Feteivimm 
 
 ^thunU.’ 
 
 ' 7 .ichhSmRv 
 
 Sq i 5 '■■■•'•.. ' ; 
 
 V l.fi 'Si'iiuh fiJonlElacl 
 
 W \ ( 
 
 'A yi'iinbl/A(^^p-’~X. 
 
 
 Aj^v’Tiwj llj? N rC.-yn 
 
 YLvtinSlreet 
 ® & A 
 
 ftfegr--' 
 
 Vppen HorAen/ 
 
 -dr feX 
 
 
 Tj’l’erJjc^ain 
 
 J^hnoresO 
 
 ^hldens 
 
 ’^^Broml^ 
 
 \lsnm^rP}:- 
 
 ’njPilt’n 
 
 
 ier“reen 
 
 jCroydi 
 
 Ckir/fvrft 
 
 '^eJinptDn 
 
 Pulti’u'l 
 
 pa/iT^ri c Tl o 
 
 -■ — ' ® V\r//in(?{if>t 
 
 '-t.v/wA; . J 
 
 A TiT^p.Avfi’ f. a .; 
 
 
 .Wluhit,- 
 
 Widhled 
 
 
 \^!'>'--'ikeRak 
 
 £ r 1 ' T 
 
 •eji'rfecn 
 
 Mjodiif.tnih 
 
 M’ iirlin^jhtun 
 
 I^iaindjiU fe’. 
 
 Voal.JinaAiain 
 
 ■ Aa/treet 
 
 sit.>hriii;ii 
 
 ^Citipjltd 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 ham 
 
 I )v E ^ A 
 
 , A-riii-voate' 
 
 “ -mcachrartk ' 0 ^ 
 
 'hreef 
 
 laalton 
 
 'tah it I a /.^fc 
 
 
 
 ijw\ ^ ^ °Alijhiipd 
 
 ’^''^WffcatJfeath 
 
 '^^IdiRriJat 
 
 yu-JiTtan 
 
 dipbn»'ciodB,vc’ 
 
 Avmi'W fc Ji!,hJ/„.A,tA 
 
 JS.utav Xo.fp 
 
 .hamlet 
 
 ^TSina^iel.l 
 
 /f JMeelii't^-l 
 V.’.'.hiyeAPrrda . 
 
 A >1-' Chajr^el 
 
 d 1 .andtreet 
 
 A‘ It'oodj^vel' 
 
 jRatiiilf^t — r“" 
 
 
 urarilj^i 
 
 ^^CVrinfteil 
 
 .JJimLtdd 
 
 ^ framhjrj (j^ 
 
 icm . 
 
i8i 
 
 S U T H-R ET. 
 
 1 82 
 
 Wey. 
 
 Clover. 
 
 Saintfoine, 
 
 Farnham. 
 
 Waverley. 
 
 Oxenford. 
 
 Godelmbge. 
 
 Cattefhull. 
 
 Hafcomb. 
 
 Aubr."MS. 
 
 Chapel-hill. 
 
 Lofeley. 
 
 Guilford. 
 
 II Is, C. 
 
 * So faid, 
 ann. 1607, 
 
 t Hags. 
 
 Military De. 
 cimation. 
 
 t Redtcima* 
 yit. 
 
 Below this place, the little river Wey empties 
 it felf into the Thames j fand brings-in great 
 profits to this part of the County •, having 
 been made navigable by the indufhy (among 
 others) of a worthy Knight, Sir Richard IVe- 
 fion late of Sutton-place j to whom the whole 
 Shire is oblig’d, as for this, fo for fevcral other 
 improvements, particularly Clover and SaintfoineA 
 Wey^ running out of Hamfiiire, doth at it’s firft 
 coming into Surrey vifit Feornham, commonly 
 Farnham, fo nam’d as being a bed of ferns ; given 
 by iEthelbald King of the Weft-Saxons, to the 
 Bijhop and Congregation of the Church of tVinchefler. 
 In this place it was, that about the year Spj, 
 King Alfred worftcd the plundering Danes 
 with a handful of men ; and afterwards, when 
 King Stephen had granted licence to all who 
 lided with him, to build CalUes, Henry of 
 Blois, his brother and Bifhop of Winchefter, 
 built a caftle upon the hill that hangs over the 
 town ; which, becaufe it was a harbour for fe- 
 dition. King Henry 3. demolifh’d; but after a 
 long time, the Bilhops of Winchefler, whofe 
 it is to this day, rebuilt it. Not far from hence, 
 at Waverley, William Gifford Bifliop of Win- 
 chefter built a little monaflery for Ciftercian 
 Monks. From thence the Wey f receiving a 
 little river, on which ftands Oxenford, where, in 
 digging, hath been found old Englifli money, 
 and alio Rings ; and then 1 running by Godel- 
 minge, which King Alfred gave by Will to JE- 
 thelwald, his brother’s fon ; and not far from 
 Cattefhull-manour, which Hamo de Catton held,! 
 to he Marfbal of the vohores uhen the King fJ)ould 
 come into thofe parts -, and at a little diftance from 
 (Hafcomb, in which Purilh, on a place called 
 Chapel-hW, are the Remains of an old Roman 
 Camp j and from! Lofeley, where, within a Park, 
 
 I faw a delicate feat of the Knightly family of 
 the Mores : By thefe Places ( I fay ) the Wey 
 comes to Guilford, in Saxon Gulbe-pop5, and 
 in fome Copies Gegldford. It is now a mark.t- 
 town of great refort, and well ftor’d with good 
 Inns ; but was formerly a Vill of the Englifli- 
 Saxon Kings, and was by Will given to Athel- 
 wald, by his Uncle. There |] was a houfe of 
 the King’s, (tho’*" gone much to decay 5 ) and, 
 .not far from the river, the ruinous walls of an 
 old caftle, which has been pretty large. In the 
 middle of the town is a Church, the eaft end 
 whereof, being arch’d with Hone, feems to be 
 very ancient. Here ( as we learn by Domel- 
 day-book ) the King had fe'uenty five f houfes, 
 vsherein one hundred feventy five men dwelt. But it is 
 famous for nothing fo much as the treachery 
 and inhumanity of Godwin Earl of Kent, who 
 in the year of our Lord 103 G when Alfred, 
 King Ethelred’s fon, and heir to the Crown of 
 England, came out of Normandy to demand 
 his right, receiv’d him with folemn Afl'urances 
 of fafety, but prefently treated him in fuch a 
 manner, as was very inconfiftent with that Pro- 
 mife. For, in the dead of the night, furpri- 
 zing the fix hundred Normans which were 
 the retinue of the Royal youth, he puniih’d 
 them (as our Writers w’ord it) by a Decimation: 
 not, according to the ancient Rules of War, by 
 drawing out every tenth man by lot, and then 
 killing him : but killing nine, he difmifled eve- 
 ry tenth man ; and afterwards, with the ex- 
 treameft cruelty f retith’d thofe tenths which 
 he had fav’d. And as to .iElfred himfelf, he 
 deliver’d him to Harold the Dane, wlio firft put 
 out his eyes, and then clapt him in chains, and 
 kept him in prifon to his dying day. FThis Place 
 (noted heretofore for Clothing and Clothiers) 
 hath given the Church of England fince the 
 Reformation two famous Prelates, George and 
 
 Robert Abbot : the one Archbilhop of 'Canter- 
 bury, who founded here a very fine Hoftical, 
 and lies bury d in Trinity-Church ,• tiie other, 
 mat learned Billiop of Salisbury, his brother. 
 
 1 hey were both Lons of a Clothier j and had a 
 brother Sir Maurice Abbot, w'ho w^as Lord May- 
 or of London, at the fame time when tliey 
 were Bifhops. Upon which trade this Obfer- 
 vationhath been made. That feveral ofthemoft 
 eminent families among the Nobility in this 
 nation, have had their rife from it. Here is a 
 curious Free-fehool founded by King Edw'ard 
 to which (as alfo to Baliol-College in 
 Oxford; one Hammond was a great Bencfadlor. 
 
 This place gave the title ofCountefs, to Eliz.a- 
 beth Vifeountefs of Keymelmeaky in Ireland, and 
 that of Earl to fohn Maitland, Duke and Earl 
 of Lauderdale. A,nd, in the year 1683, Sir 
 Francis North, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal 
 of England, was advanced to the honour of 
 Baron of Guilford. Near Guilford, upon the river 
 Wey, is the Friery, lately the feat of Daniel 
 Colwall Efquire, adjoyning to which is a delight- 
 ful Park i both, at prefent, the pofielTion of the 
 LoxtiOnflow, who, by marriage, hath made great 
 acceffions to the ancient Eftate of that honOu- 
 bie Family. Something nearer the Thames, is 
 Staugbton, _the feat of a family of that name, Staugliton. 
 \\hofe Pedigree is probably as ancient as any in 
 this County. But it is now at laft out of that 
 line, by the death of Sir Lawrence Staugbton, Ba- 
 ronet, a young Gentleman of great hopes. About 
 two miles from Guilford is Clandon-place, tncClandon. 
 Seat of the Lord Onflow, defeended from Onflow 
 of Onflow-hall in Shroplhire, an ancient Gaitle- 
 man’s family. Their firft fettlement in this Coun- 
 ty was at Knowle in Crandley ; thence they remo- 
 ved to Clandon-place, being pleafaiitly fituateon 
 the edge of CIandon-dot\ ne ; from whence is a 
 goodly profped into ten feveral Counties, It 
 is well fliaded with wood, and fupply’d witli 
 good water, and hath been much improv’d by the 
 late pollefior,Sir RichardOnJlow, yrho was Speaker 
 of the Honourable Houle of Commons, in me 
 eighth year of tlie reign of Qiieen Anne, as his 
 Anceftor of both the names was, in the eightli 
 year of Queen Elmabetb •, and who, as an Ac- 
 knowledgment of his fignal Services to liis 
 Country, and particularly of his firm Adherence 
 to the Proteftant Succeflion in the Houle of Ha- 
 nover, was advanced by his Majefty KingCrov^f, 
 
 CO the honour of Baron of this Realm, by the 
 title of Lord Onflow of Onflow, andClandon.l 
 From Guilford, the Wey runs towards the 
 north for a long way together, and meets with 
 nothing memorable ; except Sutton, the feat ofsutton. 
 t\stWefions Knights Woking, a royal ((cax-, and Ann. 1507. 
 Pyriford, where, f in our memory, Edward Earl''''°*^i'^g‘ 
 of Lincoln and Baron Clinton, built a houfe [eii-PgpJ-jl’j* 
 doled with a pleafant Pafk, well wooded •, to am! 1607. 
 which belong large Royalties, Fifh-ponds, and 
 a delightful Decoy; now the feat of DenxAU On- 
 flow Efq; youiigeft fon of Sir Richard Onflow, of 
 Clandon-place : 1 and in the neighbourhood is Ock- 
 ham,wb^XQ William de OckJjam, that great Philo- w'ilHatn dc 
 fopher and P'ounder of the Nominals, was born, Ockham, 
 and had his name from the place; fnow the feat 
 of Sir Peter King, Lord Chief Juftice of the Com- 
 mon Pleas, a perfon of great Learningaud Know- 
 ledge. But where it comes to empty it felf out of a 
 double mouth into the Thames, We fee OtelandesOceUnSieu 
 fonce! a handfome feat of the King’s, within a 
 park; Tbut now fo decayed, that it hardly bears 
 the figure of a good Farm-houfe ; having been 
 demolifhed in the late Civil Wars .1 Near this, 
 
 Csefar pafs’d the Thames, and enter'd the ter- Where Cs- 
 ritories of Cajfvelan. For this was the only far paiVd the 
 place in the Thames formerly fordable, and Thames. 
 
 that 
 
[83 
 
 R E G N I. 
 
 184 
 
 that too not without great difficulty ; wliidi 
 
 the Britains themfelves in a manner pointed out 
 
 to him. For on the other lide of the river, a 
 ftrong body of the Britifli had planted them- 
 fclves ; and the bank it felf was fenced with 
 'fliarp flakes driven into the ground, and fomeot 
 the fame fort w'cre faflen’d under water. "The 
 footfteps v^hereof {hys Bede) arefeen to this day ^ 
 and it appears upon the wevo, that each oj them is 
 as thick as a mans thighs and that being foder d 
 vshb lead) they /lick in the bottom oj the river, jm- 
 jnoveable. But the Romans enter’d the river 
 with fo much vigour and refolution, that tho 
 they had only their heads above water, the Bri- 
 tains were not able to bear-up againfl them, 
 but were forc’d to quit the bank, and Bie. It 
 is impoflible, 1 fliould be miflaken in the place, 
 becaufe here the river is fcarce fix foot deep j 
 and the place at this day, from xhok jiakes, is 
 Coway.flakej. call’d Coway-Hakes ; to which we may add, that 
 Czefar mak’S the bounds of Cafftwlan, where 
 he fixes this his pajfage, to be about So miles 
 diftant from that fea which w^afhes the eaft part 
 of Kent, where he landed: Now, this ford we 
 fpeak of, is at the fame diflance from the feaj 
 and I am the firft that I know of, who has n.en- 
 tion’d, and fettled it in it’s proper _ place. 
 [Not far from hence, upon the Thames, is 
 Walton. ton, * in which Parilh is a great Camp of about 
 * Aubr, MS.fwelve Acres, lingle work, and oblong. There is 
 a road lies thro’ it, and it is probable, iho.tlVal- 
 ton takes its name h*om this remarkable Valium. 1 
 Some few miles from Otelandes, towards the 
 Mole, riv. eafl, the little river Mole haftensinto the Thames, 
 after it has crofs’d the County from the fou- 
 thern bound j but, being Hop’d at laft in it’s 
 Anas, a river way, by the oppofiticii ot hills, this, f like that 
 in Spain. _ noble river ot Spain Anas, forces open a paf- 
 fage underground, as if it werea Mole', from 
 Seld. Polyolb. whence it has the name. But there is nothing 
 p. 267. famous upon this river ; only, at fome diflance 
 from it’s head (near the old military way of the 
 Stanyftreat. Rornans call’d Stanyflreat) is the towm Aclea, 
 Ockley. commonly called Ockley, from the Oaks. Here, 
 ^thelwolph fon of Egbert (who, notwithftand- 
 ing he had enter’d into Holy Orders, did by 
 dilpenfation from the Pope fucceed his father 
 in the kingdom) engag’d the Danifli army, with 
 fuccefs (for he kill’d mofl of their bravefl men^) 
 tho’ with no great advantage to his country 5 
 that Danifli Hydra ftill iprouting-up a-new. 
 FHere alfo, is a certain cuilom, obferv’d time 
 out of mind, of planting Rofe-trees upon the 
 graves, eipecially by the young men and maids, 
 who have loft their lovers; fo that this Church- 
 yard is now full of them. It is the more re- 
 markable, becaufe we may obferve it to have 
 been anciently us’d, both among the Greeks 
 and Romans ; who were fo very religious in it, 
 that we find it often annex’d as a Codicil to 
 their Wills ; (as appears by an old Infcrip- 
 tion at Ravenna, and another at Milan, ) by 
 which they order’d Rofes to be yearly ftrew’d 
 and planted upon their graves. Hence, that 
 L. I. Eleg.of * Propertius, implying the ufage of burying 
 2. amidfl Rofes (Et tenera poneret ojfa rofd ; ) and 
 
 old Anacreon fpeaking of it, fays, that it does 
 dfiedw, proteSi the dead. 
 
 Okewood. Upon the edge of Sujfex is Okewood (all that 
 part being formerly one continu’d vsood of Oaks,) 
 W'here Hands a defolate Chapel of Eafe to five 
 large Parifhes ; three in Surrey, and two in Suf- 
 fex, built by Edward de la Hale, as appears by 
 a monument of the pious Donor, who dy’d 
 1431. and lies buried here. The revenues that 
 of right belong to it, are above 200/. per Ann. 
 out of which there is not allowed above twenty 
 Nobles to one who now and then reads Pray- 
 
 ers to them. It is fo much the more deplora- 
 ble, becaufe the alienation long llnce appears 
 to have been made, through a miftake ,* tor it 
 was made in Queen Elizabeth’s time, by vir- 
 tue of an Inquilition unjuftly taken, upon pre- 
 tence of its being a Chantry tor the mainte- 
 nance of a Mafs-prieft to pray for the foul of 
 the Founder. Whereas, really, it was built 
 and endow’d for no other ufe, but a Chapel of 
 Eafe, to inftruct the people of the adjoyning 
 Pariflies, who were at too great a diftaiice from 
 their owm Parifli-Churches. Near this place, 
 are certain Pitts, out of which Jett has been 
 fometimes dug. 
 
 But to return towards the north ; at the 
 head of a river which runs into the IVey, not 
 far from Guilford, is Abinger', near the Church-At>inger. 
 yard whereof is a heap or mount caft up, which 
 fome imagine to have been a fmalLfortrefs rais’d 
 by the Danes or Saxons. But it is plain, it was 
 done by neither ; but by the neighbouring peo- 
 ple, whom the high grounds on which they 
 live, put under a neceflity of contriving a pond 
 to water their cattle ; and this rubbifh was 
 thrown out of that place. The foremention’d 
 river, riling out of a hill hereaboutSj runs to 
 Albury, which (when but a mean ftrudlure)w'as Albury, 
 yet the delight of that excellent perfon Thomas 
 Earl of Arundel, a great lover of Antiquities ; 
 who, purchaling this place of the RandyHs,rcioA(t 
 it his darling. Henry his grandibn, Duke of 
 Norfolk, had no lels aftedtion for it : he began 
 there a magnificent Pile, cut a Canal, planted 
 fpacious Gardens and Vineyards, adorn’d with 
 Fountains, Grots, But what is above all 
 lingular and retnarkable, is, the Defign of an 
 Hypogxum, or Perforation, through a mighty hill, 
 and large enough at one end lor a Coach to 
 pafs ; about a iurlong or more in length, and 
 leading over, into an agreeable and pleafanc 
 valley. It w'as at firft iutended.for a way to the 
 houfe, but a rock at the fouth-end hinder’d 
 that defign. I'his noble feat is enclos’d with 
 a Park, and much improv’d by the Right ho- 
 nourable Heneage Finch, now Earl of Ailesford, 
 a perfon of great knowledge in the Laws and 
 Conftitution of this Realm ; who having pur- 
 chas’d it of the father of the prefent Duke of 
 Norfolk, is daily adding to its beauty. Nor is 
 this place Icfs celebrated for that famous Ma- 
 thematician William Ougbtred, who liv’d and 
 dy’d Redor of this Parilh ; wherein are alfo 
 the Remains of an ancient fquare Roman Aubr. MS. 
 Building, and a Circle within it, fuppos’d to be 
 a Temple ; the ground-pinnings of both which, 
 and alfo fome of the bafes of the Pillars, were 
 plainly vifible in the laft age, but have been 
 lince dug-up for the fake of the Stones and 
 Bricks ; as in the prefent age, pieces of Ro- 
 man tiles and bricks have been found on the 
 heath, where hath been a great deal of building 
 in old time. 
 
 At a little diftance from hence, is St. Mar-St. Martha’s 
 tha’s Chapel, feated confpicuoufty on a copp’d Cbapel. 
 mountain, This feems to have been thrown-up 
 by fome fiery Eruption or Vukano, as feveral 
 other luch Elevations tow'ards the edge of Suf- 
 fex confirm. Beneath this hill, is Chilwortb, the Chihvorcb. 
 feat of Morgan Randyll Efq; owner of the moft 
 confiderable Powder-works (brought firft into 
 England by George Evelyn Efq;) and belt Hop- 
 gardens in England. And, not far oft; is Toxo-Tower-hili- 
 er~hill, the feat of the Brays, a very ancient 
 and honourable family. But to return to the 
 Mole ; 1 a little way from the head of this ri- 
 ver, Hands Gatton, now hardly a village, 
 formerly a famous town. For an argument of 
 it s antiquity, it ftiews Roman Coins dug-up 
 t tlieiv. 
 

 SUTH-REY. 
 
 i86 
 
 there, and fends two Burgelles to Parliament. 
 Rhie-gate. Lower, is Rbie-gate, (i, e. according to our an- 
 cient language, the courfe or chattel of a fmall ri- 
 ver) fianding in a vale, which runs a great way 
 j^olaicfdale.eailward, and is call’d Holmejdale fprpbably 
 from Holm-trees', w'hich abound very much 
 through all this traft j )1 the inhabitants where- 
 of, becaufe once or t^\ice they defeated the plun- 
 dering Danes, have this rhirae in their pwn 
 conuuendation : 
 
 T’he vale of HohnefdaU 
 Never v^ome, ne never Jhall. 
 
 This Khie-gate is more confiderable for it’s 
 largcnefs, than buildings ; on tlie fouth-iide of 
 it, is a park full of little groves j wherein the 
 moft noble Charles Earl of Nottingham, Baron 
 of Effingham, and Lord Lhgh Admiral of Eng- 
 f Ha-s C. land, f had his feat j and where formerly the 
 Earls of Warren and Surrey built a fmall Mo- 
 nafteiy. On the ealf-fide is a CaiUe handing 
 upon a high-ground, now neglefted, and de- 
 cay’d with age it was built by the fame Earls, 
 Holmas- and is commonly call’d Holmes-caHk, from the 
 caille. vale in which it hands. Under this, there is a 
 wonderful Vault, of arched work made of free^ 
 hone, the fame with that of the hill it felf,and 
 hollow’d with great labour. The Earls of War- 
 jn Saronia yen (as it is in the book of Inquihtions) held it 
 yia de Con. ^ Barony, from the Con- 
 
 giiL“ *'* of England, fin the ii’^" year of King 
 Charles the lecond, Charles Mordaunt, fecoiid fon 
 of John Earl of Peterborough, was advanced 
 to the dignity of a Baron of this Realm, by 
 the title of Lord Mordaunt of Rbie-gate.l From 
 Bechworth- thence the Mole runs by Bechwortb-cajile, for 
 Caftle. which 'Thomas Brovsn procur’d the privilege of a 
 Fair, of Henry the 6 ^. For it was the ieat of 
 Browns, the Knightly family of the Brovsns (of which, 
 * So hid, in the memory of * our Grandfathers, after An- 
 ann. 1607, Broivn had marry ’d Eucy fourth daughter 
 
 of John Nevil Marquefs of Montacute, with 
 whom he had a couliderable fortune j Queen 
 Mary honour’d his grandchild by his fon with 
 the title of Vifcount Montacute-,) TBut now 
 that name, after a long feries of Knights, is at 
 laft extinguifh’d in a daughter. Between Bech- 
 Dccpden, v)orth and Barking {lands Beepden, the fituation 
 whereof is fomewLat furprifing, by reafon of 
 the tilings and uniform acclivities about it 
 which naturally refemble a Roman Amphithea- 
 tre, or rather indeed a Theatre : it is open at 
 the noith-end, and is of an oval form. Now 
 it is moft ingenioufly call, and improv’d into 
 gardens, vineyards, and other plantations, both 
 on the Area below, and on the {ides of the en- 
 vironing hills : with frequent grotts here and 
 there beneath the terraces, leading to the top ; 
 from w'hence one has a fair profpeft of that 
 part of Surrey, of Sujfex,as far as the South- 
 downs, for near 30 n\iles out-right. The ho- 
 nourable Charles Hovsard (Lord of half the ma- 
 nour of Barking) is folely entitled to this inge- 
 nious contrivance. 
 
 Going along Rolmefdale ( which extends it 
 fclf to the foot of that ledge of Mountains 
 which {Iretch and link themfeJves from the ut- 
 moft promontory of Kent to the Lands-end, ) 
 White-down, w’e have on the right hand where is 
 
 a vaft Belf ot chalk, which in fummer-time 
 they carry with great labour as far as the mid- 
 dle of Suflex j as they bring of the fame mate- 
 rial, from the oppolite hills by the fea-coaft of 
 that County ; and thefe tw'O being mingled to- 
 ther, are burnt into lime for the enriching of 
 their grounds. Here are Hkewile dug-up cockle- 
 fhdls, and other Lufm natura, with pyrites, bed- 
 
 ded an incredible depth within the bowels of 
 the mountains ; upon which many. Yew-trees 
 gpw fpontaneoufly, tho’ of late they are much 
 diminiHi d, and their places taken up with com. 
 
 Not far from the bottom of this hill, {lands an 
 ancient feat of tlie Evelyns of Wotton, among Wotton 
 feveral {Ireams gliding thro’ the meadows, a- 
 dorn’d with gentle rilings, and w'oods which 
 as_it were eiicompafs it. _ And thefe, together 
 with the g.ardens, fountains, and other bortu— 
 lane ornaments, have giv'en it a place and name 
 amongil the moft agreeable feats. In opening 
 the ground ot the Church-yard of Wotton, tp 
 enlarge a Vault belonging to this family, they 
 met with a Skeleton which was nine foot and 
 three inches long, as the worthy and famous 
 Mr. John Evelyn had it attefted by an ancient 
 and underftanding Man then prefent (who ac- 
 curately meafur’d it, and rrwrk’d tiie length on 
 a pole,} with other workmen, who afSrm’d the 
 fame. They found it lying in full length be- 
 tween two boards of the colEn ; and meafur’d 
 it, befpre they had difeorapos’d the bones. But 
 trying to take it out, it fell all to pieces ; for 
 which reafon they flung it r.mongft the reft of 
 the rubbifh, after they had feparately meafur’d 
 feveral of the more folid bones. 
 
 Hereabouts, is a thing remarkable, tho’ but 
 little taken notice of ; I mean, that curious 
 profpei^ from the top of Lith-hill, w’hich from Lith-hill. 
 Wotton rifes almoft infenfibly for two or three 
 miles fouth but then has a declivity almoft as 
 far as Horjham in SuJJex, eight miles diftant. 
 
 From hence, one fees, in a clear day, the goodly 
 Vale, and confequently the whole County, of 
 Sujfex, as far as the Southr-downs, and even be- 
 yond them to the fea ; the entire County of 
 Surrey part of Hamfhire, Barkfiire, Oxfordjhire, 
 Buckinghamjhire, and Hertfordjhire ; as alfo of 
 Middlefex, Kent, and EJfex and farther yet (as 
 is believ’d) into Wtltfhhe, &c. could one well 
 diftinguifh them witliout the aid of a Telefcope, 
 
 The whole circumference cannot be lefs than 
 tw'o hundred miles, far exceeding that of the 
 Keep at Windfor, over which ( as alfo over the 
 City of London twenty five miles diftant) one 
 fees as far as the eye, unarm’d with the glafs, 
 is able to diftinguifli land from sky. The like, 
 
 I think, is not to be found in any part of Eng^ 
 land, or perhaps Europe, befides ; and the rea- 
 fon why it is not more obferv’d, is, partly its 
 lying quite out of any road, and partly its ri- 
 fing fo gently, and making fo little fhow till 
 one is got to the very top of it. From the fide 
 thereof, a great part of the brow is Hidden 
 down into the grounds below, caus’d by a deif 
 of ftones dug out of the fides of the mountain ; 
 and the bare places (from whence the earth is 
 parted) being of a reddifli colour, plainly ap- 
 pear above forty miles off. Here, ■^\’e muft nor 
 forget Barking, memorable for a very large Marking. 
 Camp in that Parifli, near Homehury-hill, and Homebury- 
 nor far from tfle road benveen Barking and A-hiW 
 rttndel. It is double trench’d and deep, con- 
 taining by eftimation ten acres at leaft.l A 
 few miles to the north-weft, we fee Effingham, EfEngliam. 
 formerly the pofleflion of Williatn Howard (that 
 Conqueror of the Scots, fon to Thomas Duke 
 of Norfolk,) who was created Baron Howard o( 
 
 Effingham by Queen Mary ; and being made 
 Lord High Admiral of England, was firft, 
 Chamberlain to Queen Eliz^abeth, and after- 
 wards Keeper of the Privy-Seal. His fon Charles 
 fucceeded him, in * a flourifhing condition,* And is 
 and t was alfo made Lord High Admiral of now, C. 
 England ; whom the fame Eliscabetb, in thet 
 year 15^7, for his valour and great fervices, ad- 
 vanced to the dignity of Earl of Nottingham. 
 
 A a fTho 
 
187 
 
 i88 
 
 R E G N I. 
 
 FThe honour of this place hill remains in the 
 fame Family, being now enjoyed by ThomcK, 
 the prefent Lord Howard of Effiiigham.l But 
 to return to the River. 
 
 White-hill. Xhe Mole, coming to l' 0 :itehi!l, upon which 
 box-tree grows in great abundance, liides it 
 felf, or is rather (a) fwallow’d-up at the foot 
 •l-Hil! C. the t Caftle there ; and for that reafon, the 
 TheSwallow.piace is call’d Snallow : but about tw^o miles 
 below', it bubbles up and rifes again ; fo that 
 A bridge Inhabitants of this trafl:, no lefs than the 
 
 on -which " Spaniards, may boaft of having a bridge that 
 flocks of fheep feeds feveral flocks of fheep. For the Spaniard 
 feed. jiji5 made this a common proverb, in relation 
 
 to the place where the river Anas (now call’d 
 Guadiand) runs under-ground for ten miles to- 
 gether. Our river Mole appearing again, ffpreads 
 it felf fo very wide, as to require a bridge of 
 many arches (a flately fabrick, ot-ftoue,and tyles 
 laid flat upon one another;)! and goes w'ith a 
 flow current to the "Thames, and enters it hard 
 Mofeley. by Mofeky, to which it communicates the name; 
 Letherhead. fhaving in its courfe feen Letherhead, on which 
 Aabr. MS. Down is a perfect Roman way, in the road 
 from London to Darking : between Guilford 
 and Ripley, and between Richmond and Putney 
 in this County, the Roman High-way dotli alio 
 appear in feveral Places.1 
 
 After our Thames has receiv’d the Mole, it 
 Kingftone. runs dircdly to the North ; by Kingjlone (for- 
 Matth.Pa- merly call’d Moreford, as feme would have it,) a 
 market-town of very great refoit, and once fa- 
 mous for the caftle ot the Clares Earls of Glo- 
 cefler ; having had it’s rife out of the ruins of 
 a more ancient little town of the fame name, 
 fituate in a level ground, and much expos’d to 
 inundations. In this town, when the Daiiifli 
 wars h.ad almoft dellroy’d England, Athelftan, 
 Edwin, and Ethelred, Kings, were inaugura- 
 ted ; whereupon, from the Kings, it came to 
 Aubr.MS.be Kingficn, i. e. a Royal Town. fEaft 
 
 from hence, upon a gravelly hill, near the road, 
 was a burying-place of the Romans. H<.re are 
 often found Urns, and pieces of Urns, which 
 lie about two foot deep. One particularly was 
 difeovtr’d about the year 1670. cl a kind of 
 amber-colour, fili’d-up half way wuth black 
 afhes, and at the bottom Ibmething like coarfe 
 hair, as if it had been laid there before. At a 
 ^_ombe-Ne. diflance from the Thames, w'e fee Comhe- 
 Nevil, a feat ot the Harveys, where have been 
 found Medals and Coins of fevtr;-I of the Ro- 
 man Emperors, efpecially cf Dkckfmn, the Ma%i- 
 minians, Maximm, ConBantine the Great, &c. and 
 betw'ecn this place and Wimbledon, is a round 
 Camp; fuppoltd therefore to be a work of the 
 Danes.l 
 
 In the neighbourhood cf KingBin, the Kings 
 of England chofe them a fear, which from its 
 Riebmond, Joining or fplendor they call’d Shene, but now' it 
 viHage^ Mird name oi Richmond. [This, on account 
 
 before wholfomnels of the Air, became the 
 
 Henry 7. ufual Nurfery of our late Princes and Princelfes, 
 when Childrcn.1 Here it was, that the meft 
 Edward 3. Potent Prince, King Edward 3. after he had 
 liv’d enough both to glory and irature, dy’d of 
 grief for the lofs of his warlike fon ; w hofe 
 death was fuch an afflidion to him, and to all 
 England, as was not to be conquer’d by the 
 ordinary methods cf Confolation. And indeed. 
 
 if ever England had a juft occafion for forrow, 
 then it was. For in the fpace of one year, it was 
 entirely bereav’d ot it’s two great Ornaments 
 in military difeipline and untainted Valour. 
 
 Both thefe carry ’d their conquering fwords 
 through France ; and put fuch a terror into 
 that Kingdom, as might defervedly give the fa- 
 ther, with Antiocbm, the name of a Thunderbolt, 
 and the fon, with Pyrrhm, that of an Eagle. 
 
 Here alfo dy’d Anne, Wife of King Richard 2, 
 
 Sifter to IVenZjelam the Emperor, and Daugh- 
 ter to the Emperor Charles 4. She firft taught 
 the Englifh-women that way of riding on horfe- ; 
 back w'hich is now in ufe ; w'hereas formerly 
 their cuftom was (thu’ a very unbecoming one) 
 to ride aftride like the men. Her husband 
 laid her death fo much to heart, and mourn’d 
 fo immoderately, that he neglected and evt-n 
 abhorr’d the vt-ry houfe. But King Henry j. 
 beautify 'd it with new buildings; ^ntiin 
 an adjoyning little village, he founded a Mona- 
 ftery of Carthulians, wliich he call’d Bethlehem. 
 
 In Henry the yth’s time, this royal feat was 
 quite burnt down by a moft lamentable Are ; 
 but, like a Phccnix, fprung again out of it’s 
 own allies with greater beauty, by the affi- 
 ftance of the fame Henry, and took the new 
 name of Richmond, Irom that Country w'hereof 
 he had been Earl, whiift a private perfon. This 
 Henry had fcarce put the laft hand to his new 
 ftruiture, but he ended his days here ; by 
 whofe care, induftry, couniel, prudence, and 
 forcllght, the Kingdom of England has flood 
 hitherto unfhaken. From hence it was alfo, 
 that ninety years after, his Grandchild thebetb’s death, 
 moft Serene Queen Elizabeth, after file had , 
 it w'ere glutted nature with length of d.iys upon 
 Earth (tor file was about fevenry years of age,) 
 was receiv’d by Almighty Cod into the hea- 
 venly Quire. A Princefs, far exceeding her 
 fex, both in courage and conduct j as in face, 
 fo in difpofttion, die true pidure of her grand- 
 father ; the love of the world, and the delight 
 of Britain. And fo far was file, cho’ but a wo- 
 man, from coming fiiort of the lafting and re- 
 nown’d Virtues of her Anceftors, that, ifflie 
 did not exceed, file did at leaft fully equal 
 them. Let pofterity believe this, without the 
 leaft doubt or fcruple,(for I do not corrupt Truth 
 with flattery,) That a Virgin for 44 years to- 
 gether, did govern the Nation with that Pru- 
 dence, as to be belov’d by her fubjeds, fear’d 
 by her enemies, and admir’d by all ; a pattern, 
 fuch as no Age hitherto can produce the like. 
 
 Her death put England under fuch a general 
 grief, that it muft have lain in defpair and de- 
 folation, without the leaft profpect of comfoit; 
 but that immediately upon her departure, the 
 moft Serene 'James, the true and undoubted 
 heir, mark’d-out by all hearts and eyes for her 
 fucceffor, filed forth his beams of Comfort, and 
 poflefled all his Subjeds with the hopes of a 
 lafting Happinefs. When they look’d upon 
 him, they could fcarce believe her dead. Tho’, 
 whyfiiculd we talk of her dying, whofe im- 
 mortal virtues ftill live, and whole facred me- 
 mory will ever be preferv’d, both in the minds 
 of Men, and the Annals of Time ? 
 
 As far as this place, the Thames receives the Ho'v 
 
 Tide, about 60 Italian miles irom the mouth- 
 
 (a) Notwithftanding this, there is row an epen Chanel above-ground, which winds round, in the Valleys, as 
 other Rivers do, all the way from Darking to Letherhea l ; with a conftanc llreain of Water for the ffreatell part 
 of the year. Nor can it be certain that that part of the Water which finks here into the eartl. direfts its courfe 
 under_ground, the very /awe the Chanel runs above-ground; nor, by confequence, that the Bubhlings-up 
 
 r f lu ^ ® Springs which arife in that place ; 
 
 and the waters of the Mole, for ought we can tell, may run a quite contrary way. 
 
 And 
 
SUT H-RET. 
 
 189 
 
 And there is no other river in Europe that I 
 know of, where the tide comes up fo many 
 miles f to the great advantage of thofe who 
 Wh it ‘^oes 'Whether it be, that from this 
 
 jb far.* ** place there are hardly any windings, but the 
 
 river is carry’d eaftward in a chanel more direft, 
 and is generally fenc'd with higher banks, and 
 opens a wider mouth’ than other rivers, to let 
 V Scalig. del” the Sea (which, as I have long thought, by 
 Subtil. Exerc. the rapid circulation of the orbs from eaft to 
 ^2. Seld= in weft, is carry'd the fameway j ) this I leaveto the 
 polyolb. pag- enquiry of Philofophers, to whofe judgments I 
 willingly fubmit, in this and the like matters. 
 However, concerning thefe places, and this 
 fubjeif, take fome few verfes ( if you can re- 
 
 lifti 
 
 Ifis. 
 
 them ) out of *The ' wedding of Tame and 
 
 A dextrOi nobis RichmondiOi Shena vetufiis 
 Celja nitety fastens name^ue banc Ricbmondia 
 diet 
 
 Henricm moluity JiU quod retulijfet homrem 
 Et titulos Comitis Ricbmondia jure paterno : 
 HeBoris Edwardi fed defies funera nojiri ; 
 Proh dolor ! bic ilii regi mens libera cejjit 
 Corpore contemptOy fedes habitura fupernas. 
 Quern Ji non fubito rapuijfent ferrea fatUy 
 Aut te Valejiis rapuijfet Gallia ’viBory 
 Aut tibi Valefios. 
 
 Now ftately Richmond to the right is 1 
 feen, 
 
 Richmond, whofe name, wife Henry I 
 chang'd from Sheeny C 
 
 Who Richmond’s Earl had by his father | 
 been. J 
 
 Long this our HeBor Edward’s fate hath 
 mourn’d. 
 
 Who’s godlike foul from hence to heav’n L 
 return’d. 
 
 And left the mortal fetters that it 
 fcorn’d. 
 
 Ah I had not the bleft powers Thee call’d too 
 foon. 
 
 Or Valois had refign’d the Gallick crow'n. 
 
 Or that had Valois loft. 
 
 [And a few Verfes after 
 
 Tamijts alternum fentit reditumque fugamque 
 Hue refiui pelagiy quoties vaga Cynthia 
 pYonos 
 
 OBava librat coelt fiatione jugales. 
 
 Aut tenet oppojitam varianti lumine plagamy 
 Plenior increfeit celeremque recurrit in ajlum : 
 Atque fuperbus ait, Concedant fiumina no- 
 biSy 
 
 Nulla per Europa dotatas nomine terras 
 Fiumina tarn longe fic certis legibus undas 
 Altemas remvanty nifi fratres Scaldisy & 
 Albis, 
 
 Here Thame’s great current with alternate 
 courfe 
 
 Maintains it’s rife and fail at conftant 
 hours. 
 
 When Phoebe refts at our Meridian line, O 
 Or i’th’ Horizon-point does faintly fhine, > 
 In hafty waves the ruftiing waters joyn. j 
 While the proud river thus his worth pro- 
 claims i 
 
 * Great you that Europe boafts her nobleft 
 
 ftreams, 
 
 ‘ Yield all to me ; for fuch an ebb and 
 flow 
 
 * No rival flood but Scbeld and Elb can 
 
 Ihow. 
 
 rin this neighbourhood, is a delightful Park 
 belonging to the Kings, and encloied for the 
 diverlion of hunting ; adjoyning to which, are 
 two pleaiant Seats, Hamy the Seat of the Lord Ham, 
 Dyfert, and Peterfijaniy a Seat of the Earl ofPeterftam. 
 Rochefter.1 
 
 More inward, at about four miles diftance 
 from the Thames, None-fucb, a retiring feat ofNone-fucIii 
 our Kings, * eclips’d all the neighbouring build- * EcUpfes, 
 ings. It was erected by tliat magnificent Prince, f-* 
 
 King Henry the 8’^’’, in a very wholfom air ; 
 
 (being called before, Cuddington,j and was de-Cuddington. 
 
 fign’d by him tor a place ot pleafure and diver- 
 
 fion. It t was fo magnificent, and withal fof Is, C. 
 
 beautiful, as to arrive at the higlieft pitch of 
 
 oftentation 5 and one would think, that the 
 
 whole art of Architefture had been crowded 
 
 into this fingle work. So many images to the 
 
 life [| were upon all fidcs of it, fo many won-n Are, c. 
 
 ders of workmanfhip, as * might even vie with* May, C. 
 
 the remains of Rojnaii Antiquity j fo that it 
 
 t might lay juft claim to the name, and |l was + May, C. 
 
 very able to fupport it ; None-fucb being in I! Is, C. 
 
 Latin NuUa ejufmodi, or, as Leland .exprefles 
 
 it in verfe, 
 
 Hanc, quia non babeant Jlmilemy laudare Bri- 
 tanni 
 
 Sape folent, Nullique parem, cognomine 
 dicunt. 
 
 Beyond the reft the Englifh this extol. 
 
 And None-fucb do by eminency call. 
 
 The houfefwas fo furrounded with parks f Is, C. 
 full of deer, delicate orchards and gardens, 
 groves adorn’d with arbours, little garden-beds, 
 and walks fhaded with trees i that * Pleafure * Am^enttas 
 and Health might feem to have made choice oicum Salubri- 
 this place, wherein to live together. But Queen 
 Mary exchang’d it with Henry Fitz-AIaii Earl 
 of Arundel, for other Lands ; and he, after 
 he had inlarg’d it with a well-furnifh’d Library, 
 and fome new works, left it at his death to the 
 Baron Lumley, a perfbn w'hofe whole courfe of 
 life was truly anfwerable to lus high charaifter : 
 from him, by bargain, it return’d to the Crown. 
 
 [But now there is nothing left of all this noble 
 and curious Strufture, fcarce one ftone remaining 
 upon another ; which havock is owing to the 
 late Civil Wars.l Near this place (for I can- 
 not think it unworthy the mentioning) is a vein 
 of potter’s earth, out of which thofe little vef- 
 fels, that the goldfmiths ufe to melt their gold 
 in, are made j and upon that account it car- 
 ries a good price. 
 
 The fmall and clear river Vandal, abounding Vanlal 
 with the beft trouts, rifes at Cafhakon, a little 
 diftant from hence, and, running by Morden, 
 wafhes a town upon it’s wefterii bank, fituate 
 in a moft fruitful place, call’d Merton, in Sax- Merton, 
 on Cpepe6une, formerly famous for the death of 
 Kenulph King of the Weft-Saxons, who was 
 llain in the cottage' of a certain harlot here (his 
 Miftrefs) by | Prince Kinehard and the Prince + 
 himfelf, being prefently kill’d upon the fpot by 
 the friends of' Kenulph, was punifli’d as his trea- 
 chery deferv’d. Now, it fhews nothing but 
 the ruins of a monaftery built by Henry i, at 
 the inftance of Gilbert Vfcount of Surrey, which 
 was famous for a Parliament held in it under 1235. 
 Henry 3. 
 
 After\vards, the Vandal is augmented by a 
 fmall river from the eaft, which rifes at Cro)'- Croydon. 
 don, formerly Cradiden, Ij’ing under the hills, 
 and particularly famous for a Palace of the Arch- 
 biftiops of Canterbury (whofe it has been now 
 
ipl 
 
 R EG N I. 
 
 192 
 
 t Arjn. 160-} A long time) f and for Coals, which the inhabi- 
 tants trade withal. They tell you that a Roy- 
 al palace flood formerly on the weft part of the 
 town, near Haling, where the rubbifh of build- 
 ings is now and then dug-up by the husband- 
 men j and that the Archbilliops, after it was 
 beftow’d on them by the King, added it to their 
 own palace, Higher the river. Near which, 
 the moft Reverend father in God John IVhitgift, 
 Archbifliop of Canterbury, of blelled memory, 
 cut of a moft pious difpofition, built and en- 
 dow’d a beautiful Hofpital for the relief of the 
 poor, and a School for the promotion of Learn- 
 Tlie bourn, ing. As to the torrent which the vulgar affirm 
 to rife here fometimes, as a prefage of dearth 
 and pcftilence ; it feems hardly worth the men- 
 tioning, tho’ perhaps it may have fomething of 
 Beddington. truth in it. Near this place is Beddington, where 
 is a moft neat and curious hoxife, adorn’d with 
 pleafant orchards and gardens, ffirfll built by Sir 
 Francis Carew Knight. For it is an ancient feat 
 of the Caretvs, who are defeended from Nicho- 
 las Baron Carew of MouJesford (the Carews of 
 Devonfhire have the fame original too) and 
 have Hourifli’d a long time in this County j ef- 
 pecially, lince J. Carew raarry’d the daughter 
 and one of the two coheirs of the noble Baron 
 Hoo. TBut as the Orchards and Gardens in ge- 
 neral, fo particularly its Orange-trees, deferve our 
 mention. I'hcy have now been growing there 
 more than a hundred years, and are planted in 
 the open ground, under a moveable Covert du- 
 ring the winter-months. They were the firft 
 that were brought into England, by a Knight 
 of that noble family ; who deferves no lefs 
 commendation than Lucullus met-with, for 
 bringing cherry and filbert-trees out of Pontns 
 into Italy : for which we find him celebrated 
 by Pliny and others. At fome diftance from 
 Bottle-bin. hence, is Bottle-hill, on the top of which is a 
 Roman camp, with a fingle rampart, and fquare j 
 and another, on the top of a neighbouring hill, 
 near Kathernm. I 
 
 ■Wimbledon. IVibbandnne, now commonly Wimbledon, is 
 feated upon the other bank of the Vandal, where 
 Tlie firft civil (after the Britifh war was ended, and too much 
 ivars among happinefs began to breed civil difientions among 
 the Saxons. Saxons) iEthelbert King of Kent firft rais’d 
 a civil war againft his own Countrymen. But 
 Ceaulin, King of the Weft-Saxons, happily de- 
 feated him in this place, with a very great 
 ftaughter on iEthelbert’s fide i particularly the 
 two Captains OJlan and Cneben wereftain; from 
 the latter whereof, it is p'offible that the mili- 
 tary fortification I faw here, of a circular form, 
 Bensbury. call’d Bensbtiry, for Cnebensbury, might take it’s 
 name. Now', it’s greateft ornament is a houfe, 
 as ftately in it’s ftrudture, fo made exceeding 
 pleafant by it’s profpect and gardens j it was 
 built by Sir 7 'honias Cecil Kt. Ion of that moft 
 wife and prudent Statefman the Lord Burghky, 
 in the year 1588, when the Spanifh Armada was 
 upon oui- coafts. 
 
 Two miles from hence to the fouth, on the 
 top of a hill, is a little wood call’d at this 
 Woodcote. day Woodcote, where are the plain remains of a 
 fmall Town, and fevcral Wells built of little 
 pieces of flints; fbefides other certain marks of 
 Antiquity ; 1 the neighbourhood talk much of it’s 
 ancient populoufnefs and wealth, and number 
 Patricio- of it’s t Senators, fit is now a pleafant feat 
 IT „ among groves, much adorn’d of late years ; to 
 
 Fpfum.Wel]s. ^hjeh belong thofc medicinal Wells, that rife 
 in the adjoyning Common. They are tindur’d 
 with Allom, and are in fo much repute, as to 
 cccafion a very great increafe of buildings in the 
 parifli of E^j'om, for the reception and enter- 
 tainment of fuch as refort hither for the fake 
 
 of the Spaws, with the diverfion of the Downs 
 hard by.l This Woodcote I take to be the City 
 which Ptolemy calls NohmagPts, Antoninus iVo- Novioma 
 womagm ; nor need I iniift upon any other ar- 
 guments for ir, belidcs that of diftance. For 
 it is ten miles from London, and eighteen from; 
 
 Vagniacee or MaidHon ; the diftance that is noted 
 by the old Itinerary, I’liey therefore are very 
 much out of the way, who have plac’d this 
 Nonjwnagm cithQt tct. Buckingham, orGwi^rJ. 
 
 It was the chief City of the REGNI, 
 is taken notice of by Mirinm "Tyrim, a very * ’ 
 ancient Geographer, whom Ptolemy thought 
 fit to cenfure, becaufe he had put Noviomagm 
 in Britain in a more northerly Climate than 
 London, and yet in the method of his Itinerary 
 had made it more fouthefly. fTo the weft, is 
 AJhfted, where the honourable Sir Robert Alhfted. 
 ard (brother to the Earl of Barkfhire) enclos’d 
 a fair new houfe within a park, and laid out and 
 planted the fields, paftures, and arables about 
 it in fuch order and with fo gre.at improve- 
 ments, as to make it vye with the moft confi- 
 derable dry-feats in this County. There was 
 near it, formerly, a mean decay’d farm-houfe ; 
 yet for the wholfom air breathing from the hills, 
 it was often reforted to by Thomas Earl of A- 
 rundel and Surrey, of wliofe grandfoii Sir Ro- 
 bert purchas’d it.l 
 
 Upon the Thames, next to the mouth of the 
 V tndal ( where is a little town call’d from it 
 
 Wandlefivorth,) ftands the fmall village 
 in old Saxon Paepykp-ea, and in latiii Patritii worth. 
 infula, i. e. Patrick’s Ifle ; fwhich gives the ti-Barerf?y, 
 tie of Baron xo Henry St. 'John (created alfo, at the 
 fame time, Vifeount St. John) who hath his 
 feat here. Not far from which lies DuUvjich ; 
 where William Aden ( fometime a famous Co- 
 median) did in the reign of King James i . ereft 
 and endow a pretty College and a fair Chapel, 
 for fix poor men, and as many poor women ; 
 with a Ichool for the education of twelve chil- 
 dren. Here are alfo Medicinal Springs call’d 
 Sidnam-vcells, as tliere are like wife at *SWw?eZ-'iZ»i;sicInam. wells, 
 both frequented in their proper feafons.l Near 
 thefe, was the Royal feat call’d Kennington, whither Bennington, 
 the Kings of England us’d to retire ; the difeove- 
 ry of which it is in vain to aim at or endeavour, 
 there appearing neither name nor ruins todireft 
 us. Next is Lambith or Lomebith, that is, aLj^bith. 
 dirty ftation or harbour ; formerly made fa- 
 mous by the death of Canutm the valiant King 
 of England, w'ho there breath’d-out his laft, in 
 the middle of his Cups. For he, giving him- 
 felt over to eating and drinking, ordered (as 
 Henry of Huntingdon has it) that a Royal meal 
 fjould be ferv d up to his vobole Court four times a 
 day ; chojing rather that dijhes foould be fent off bis 
 Table untouch d by thofe 'whom he had invited, than 
 that other dijhes Jhould be cad’d-for by^ thofe who came 
 uninvited. But now, it is more famous for the 
 Palace of the Archbifliops of Canterbury. For 
 about the year of Chrift 11S3, Baldwin Arch- 
 bifhop of Canterbury, by exchange with the 
 11 Church of Rochefter, became polfefs’d of a||BI(hopjC 
 manour in tliis place, wherein he began a Pa- 
 lace for him and his fucceflbrs ; and this, by 
 little and little, was enlarged by them. But 
 when the Archbifhops began to have thoughts 
 of building a fmall Collegiate Church here ; 
 
 Good God ! what numbers of Appeals were 
 pack d to Rome by the Monks of Canterbury? 
 and what thundrings, threatiiings, and cenftires, 
 wre level d by the Pope againft the Archbi- 
 fhops ? For the Monks were jealous, that this 
 rnight prove an encroachment upon their Pri- 
 vileges, and deprive them of their right to eleiS 
 the Archbilhop. Nor could thefe difturbances 
 
 be 
 
iP3 
 
 SUT H-RET. 
 
 be quieted, till the little Church which they 
 had begun, W'as, at the inftance of the Monks, 
 laid level with the ground. Near this r(over 
 the fields called St. George^ fields, in which a 
 Roman High-way is ftill vifible,)! is the moft 
 iamous mart-town of all the County, call’d at 
 Southwark, this day the Burnmgh of Soutbvjarki in Saxon 
 6ul)pepke, i. e. a work or building to the fouth, 
 fituatcd fo to the fouth over-againft London, as 
 that it feems to be a fort of luburbs to it^ but 
 yet fo large and populous, that it may vie with 
 moil Cities in England, being as it were a di- 
 ftindl Corf)oration of it felf. For within the 
 * So laid, memory of *' our Fathers, if had it’s own Bat- 
 ann. 1607. Ufs^ but in the reign of Edward 6 y it was an- 
 nex’d to the City of London, and is at this 
 day reckon’d a Member of it. For wEich rea- 
 fon we will defer the Account of this place, 
 till we come to London. fOnly, one thing we 
 will take notice of here, which bears no rela- 
 tion to the faid City ; viz. the Grant of St. 
 ]^ry O'vereys Church to the Church-wardens 
 atid their Succeflbrs for ever, together with 
 the Tithes, to provide two Chaplains at their 
 pleafure, who are neither prefented nor en- 
 dowed 5 and thus it differs from all other Church-^ 
 es in England. In this Church, lie bury’d the 
 learned Bifhop Andrewsy and our famous Eng- 
 liftl Poet Gower. But a very ample and ancient 
 palace, with fair gardens, belonging to the Bi- 
 fiiops of Winchefter, is now converted into Te- 
 nements.! 
 
 Beneath this, the Thames leaves Surrey ; the 
 eaft-bound whereof runs in a diredt line to the 
 fouth, near Laghant, which in the reign of Ed- 
 Barons Ward i, had it’s Parliamentary Barons, call’d 
 Lghaln^* -S’- John de Laghanty whofe eftate came at laft 
 ^ ■ by a daughter and heir to J. Leodiard. Some- 
 
 what lower, almoft in the very corner where it 
 borders both upon Sufl'ex and Kent, is Sterbor- 
 row-cafiky formerly tlie feat of the Lords de 
 Cobhanty who from this place were nam’d de 
 Sterborrow. Sterbonow ; and being delcended from de 
 Cobham Lord oi Cobhant and Coulingy and from 
 the daughter of Hugh Nevil, flourifii’d for n 
 long tim-c in great iplendour and reputation. 
 For Reginaldy in the reign of Edw^ard 3, was 
 made Knight of the Garter, and Admiral of 
 the Coaft from the T'hames-v^outh weilward. 
 But 'Tbomaa the lafi: of them, marrying Anne 
 daughter of the Duke of Buckingham, had by 
 her one only daughter Anwy marry’d to Ed- 
 ward £Kr^/7,defcended from the Percies and Earls 
 of Athol. His foil T"bomas was created Baron 
 Burgh by King Henry 8, and left a fon Williamy 
 father to T'homasy who was a great encourager 
 of Learning, and Governour of Briely and was 
 made by Queen Elizabeth Knight of the Gar- 
 ter and Lord Deputy of Ireland, where he 
 dy’d Fin defence of his country.! As to the 
 account of Eleanor Cobbam of this family, w'ife 
 to Humphrey Duke of Glocefter, whofe reputa- 
 tion was fomewhat tainted j I refer you to the 
 Englifh Hiflories. FHere, inthe clole,Wemufl 
 not omit the mention of one, who was a gene- 
 ral Benefactor to the w'hole County. His name 
 was Smithy onze a Silver-fmith in London; but 
 he did not follow that tr.nde long. He after- 
 \s ards went a begging for many years, and was 
 fg-Smuh, commonly call’d Dog-Smithy becaufe he had a 
 Dog which always follow ’4 him. When he dy’d. 
 
 he left 
 
 194 
 
 a very great Eftate in the hands of 
 i ruttees upon a general actount of Charity, 
 and more particularly for Surrey, (a) But this 
 Chanty was not limited to Surrey, but left to 
 the I ruftees to extend to other places of the 
 kingdom, as they found occafion ; and fo, the 
 revenue is greater out of this Countv, than 
 what is paid in it.! 
 
 We muft now reckon up the Earls. William Earl, of Sur. 
 Kiitus, King of England, firft made who were 
 
 de IVarren Governour of Surreyy under the titled “"’J . 
 
 of Earl; whofe Arms were Cheeky, Or mi a-fen 
 
 For in his Foundation-Charter 0/ Pm- of die Earls 
 yy oj LewtSy we read thus : / have given, See. Warren. 
 for the good of my mafler King JVWiam, who brought 
 me over into England, and for the good of my Lady 
 Queen Maud, my wife’s mother, and for the good of 
 my mafler King William his fon, after whofe coming 
 into England I made this Charter, and who created 
 me Earl of Smrey, &c. 'I’o him fucceeded his 
 fon, and his grandchild by him, of the fame 
 name. But this laft had only a daughter, who 
 brought the fame title, by marriage, firft to 
 William, fon of King Stephen, and afterwards 
 to Harnelin bafe fon ot Geoffrey Plqntagenct, Earl 
 of Anjou. But the firft husband dying with- 
 out iflue, Harnelin had by her William Earl of 
 Surrey ; whofe poflericy, taking the name of 
 Warrens, bore the fame title. This William 
 marry’d the eldelt daughter and coheir of Wil- 
 liam Marfhal Earl of Pembroke, widow of Hugh 
 Bigod ; and had by her, yohn and yohn, by 
 Alice daughter of Hugh le * Brune, lifter by the *£3^1$ of 
 mother’s fide to King Henry 3, had William, March in 
 who dy’d before his father, and had by yoarma France. 
 
 Vere, daughter of the Earl of Oxford, yohn, 
 
 who was born after the death of his father^ and 
 
 was the laft Earl of this family. He was (as 
 
 I learn d from his feal^ Earl of THarren, Surrey, 
 
 and Strathern in Scotland ; Lord of Bromftld and 
 
 Tale, and f Count Palatine. But he dying with-f Comes FaW 
 
 out lawful illue in the 21ft of Edward 3, his»". 
 
 lifter and heir Alice w^as marry’d to Edmund 
 
 Earl of Arundel, and by that marriage brought 
 
 this honour into the family of the Arundels 
 
 from which it came at laft by the Muwbrays to 
 
 the Howards. For 'Thomas Mowbray marry’d the 
 
 eldcft filler and coheir of Thomas Fitz.-Alan, Earl 
 
 of Arundel and Surrey. In the mean time, 
 
 Richard 2. conferr’d the title of Duke of Sur- 
 rey upon Tloomas Holland Earl of Kent, who 
 did not enjoy that honour long. For, while he 
 was fecretly endeavouring to refeue the fame 
 Richard then taken prifoner, and to reflore Iiim 
 to iiis Crown, his plot was difeover’d, and him- 
 felf, making his efcape, was feiz’d by the town 
 of CirenceBer, and beheaded. Next, Thomas de 
 Beaufort, who was the King’s Chancellor, was 
 poflefs’d of this honour ; if we may believe 
 Thomas Wallingham : For he tells us, that in 
 the year 1410, The Lord Thomas Beaufort Earl 
 of Surrey, dy d. ^ But let Wallingham make good 
 his alfeiticn ; for no fuch thing appears in the 
 Records bur only that Thomas de Beaufort was 
 about that time made Chancellor. It is evident 
 however from the publick Records of the. King- 
 dom, that King Henry 6 . in the 2p'^ year of 
 his reign, created yohn Mowbray, fon of John 
 Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Warren and Surrey ; 
 and at length. King Richard 3. after he had 
 villanoufly pofiefs’d himfelf of the Crown, did. 
 
 {.a) After the Truflees had made a confiderable improvement of the eRace, and purchas’d fevcral Farms, they 
 lettlcd Fifty Pounds per JSnn. or thereabouts upon every market-town in Surrey, or gave one Thoufand Pounds in 
 money. Upon every Parilh, except one or two, they fettled a yearly revenue ; upon fome fix Pounds, others eight 
 Pounds ; and upon the reft more or lefs, as they thought convenient. 
 
 B b in 
 
R E G N I. 
 
 19$ 
 
 196 
 
 in order to win the family of the Howards (de- 
 fcended from the Mowbrays) to his own party, 
 create on the fame day John Baron Howard:, 
 Duke of Norfolk, and Thomas his fon, Earl 
 of Surrey ; in whofe pofterity this honour con- 
 tinu’d, and doth ftill remain. fFor from this 
 ‘ThomaSi whom Richard 3. made Earl of Sur- 
 rey, three of the fame name and family fuccef- 
 fively enjoy’d the Honour ; the laft whereof 
 dying 1546', was fucceeded by Henry his fon, 
 and Henry by his fon 77 jowiiw;w'ho dying with- 
 out ifl'ue, the title defcended to Henry his bro- 
 ther, who was fucceedcd by a fon of the fame 
 name : but he leaving no ifl'ue, was fucceedcd 
 by Thomas the prefent Earl, fon of Thomas 
 Lord Howard, his younger brother. 
 
 This County hath 140 Parip-Churches. 
 
 More rare Vlants growing wild in Surrey. 
 
 Aria Theophrafti Ger. See the Symnymes in 
 Somerfetpire. The white Beam-tree., or mountain 
 Service-tree. About Croydon. Park. 1421. Com- 
 mon in the Copfes near the Downs. 
 
 Acorus verus five Calamus Oificinarum Park. 
 Verus, live Calamus aromaticus Officinarum 
 C. B. Verus, Oflicinis falso Calamus Ger. Cala- 
 mus aromaticus vulgaris, multis Acorum J. B. 
 The Jweet-fmeUing Flag or Calarnm. Found by 
 Dr. Brown of Magdalen Cod. Oxon. about Hedley 
 in this County. 
 
 Buxus arbor. The Box-tree. On Box-hill near 
 Darkingj thence denominated, plentifully. 
 
 Dentaria major Matthiolo Ger. Orobanche 
 radice dentata major C. B. radice dentata, feU 
 Dentaria major Matthiolo Park. Anblatuni 
 Cordi live Aphyllon J.B. The greater Tooth- 
 wort. Thomas Willifell pewd it me in a pady 
 lane not jar from Darking in this County ^roui- 
 ing plentijully. 
 
 Rapuneulus corniculatus montanus; See the 
 Symnymes in Hampfhire Cat. Horned mountain- 
 Rampion with a round head oj flowers. On many 
 places oj the Downs. 
 
 Vida Lathyroides nolfras, feu Lathyrus Vi- 
 cijeformis. Chkhling Vetch. Found by Thomas Wtl- 
 lifell in Peckbam-field on the back of Southwark, in 
 afqualid watery place. 
 
 S U T H-S E X. 
 
 E X T to SutJ>-rey, lies Suth-fex, 
 in a long trad on the fouth- 
 lide of that County. It was 
 anciently the feat of the Regni, 
 and call’d in Saxon Su 5 -pex, 
 now Supex, as much as to fay^ 
 the Country oj the Soutls-Saxons. 
 A word, compounded of the Southerly fituati- 
 on, and of the Saxons, who, in the Heptarchy, 
 plac’d the fecond Kingdom here. It lies all to 
 the fouth, upon the Britifh Ocean, with a 
 flreight fliore, and in an oblong figure ; but it 
 has but few Tgoodl Ports, the fea being very 
 dangerous by reafou of ShelvesandSands,which 
 make it rough j and the fhore alfo is full of 
 Rocks. The fea-coaft of this County Fabout 
 the middle,! has very high green hills, call’d 
 Downs, the Downs, which, 'confilling of a fat chalky 
 foil, are very fruitful. The middle-part, che- 
 quer’d with meadows, paflures, corn-fields, and 
 groves, makes a very fine firow. The hither- 
 moll and north-fide, is fliaded pleafantly wdth 
 wmods,. as anciently the whole Country was, 
 Anderida fyi. which made it unpafl’able. For the wood An- 
 va. dradjwald, in Britilh Coid Andred, fo nam’d from 
 
 Anderida an adjoyning city, fand now common- 
 ly called the kVeild or IVild, t took up in thefe 
 parts 120 miles in length, and 30 in breadth, 
 (memorable for the death of Sigebert King of 
 the Wefl-Saxons j who being depos’d, was Fin 
 ^thclw. 1. 2. ^ piace called Pryfetespdanj\ ftabb’d to death by 
 e, 17. a Swine-herd.) FBy confequence, Andradfwald 
 mull, in its way to Hampire,take up a confide- 
 rabletrad of this Shire 5 from whence we may 
 infer, that the Inhabitants ( as to that part ) 
 were very few, and thin-plac’d, for a long time. 
 *Lambard is plain from the two * Kentifh Anti- 
 
 PerambuJat. quaries ; affirming, that, for a great while, the 
 p. 224. Som- whole Weald was fcarce any thing elfe, belides 
 a 4efert and vail wildernefs not planted with 
 towns, nor peopled with men, but fluft’d with 
 herds of deer, and droves of hogs only. For 
 no part of the Weald appears by the Grants to 
 have been let-out by the King (the only Lord 
 
 and Proprietor of it) in Manours, but in fo ma- 
 ny Dens, which imply ’d only a woody place 
 yielding covert and feeding for cattle ; and there 
 is no other ufe of them exprefs’d, but only 
 Pannage for hogs ; by one of the Keepers where- 
 of, Sigebert ( as we juft now obferved ) was 
 flain.! 
 
 This County has many little rivers ; but 
 thofe that come from the north-fide, prefently 
 bend their courfe to the fea, and fo do not car- 
 ry vefl'els of burden. It is full of Iron-mines Iron, 
 all over j for the cafting of which, there are 
 Furnaces up and down the Country, and abun- 
 dance of wood is yearly fpent ; many ftreams 
 are drawn into one chanel, and a great deal of 
 meadow-ground is turned into Ponds and Pools, 
 for the driving of Mills by thefflafhesj which, | i'BC iwjirt#. 
 beating with hammers upon the iron, fill the 
 neighbourhood round about, night and day, 
 with continual noife. But the iron wrought 
 here, is not every where of the fame goodnefs, 
 yet generally more brittle than the Spanilh ; 
 
 . whether it be from it’s nature, or tincture and 
 temper. Neverthelefs, the Proprietors of the 
 mines, by cafting of Cannon and other things, 
 make them turn to good account. But whe- 
 ther the nation is any way advantag’d by them, 
 is a doubt t! which the next age will be better [| So fail, 
 able to refolve. Neither * did this County ann. k5o7* 
 want Glafs-houfes ; but the glafs (by reafon o^ Q^afs-houfe- 
 the matter, or making, I know not which) t f is rot, C. 
 not fo clear and tranfparent ; and therefore was 
 only us’d by the ordinary fort of people. FSo 
 that now (whether it was, that it turn’d.to lit- 
 tle^ account, or that they found themfelves out- 
 yy’d by other places) there are no Gl.afs-houles 
 in the whole County. At prefent (as fonnerly,) 
 they continue moft famous for the Iron-works, 
 which are ftill in feveral places of the County ; 
 fome whereof have both a Furnace and Forge, 
 others a Forge only, and others only a Furnace. 
 
 "Fietiv HaHings alfo are two powder-mills, where HaftingJ* 
 
 is made very good Gun-powder j and in that 
 end of the County, where the Iron-works 
 
 are, 
 
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 j97_ 
 
 , namely the Eaft, Chav-coal is made in great 
 TbidanceJ 
 
 -l.pivifi. This whole County, as to it s Civil Partition, 
 jn” is divided into fix parts, which by a peculiar 
 term they call Rapes, that is, of Chkbejier, A- 
 rundelh Brembvei Levies, Pevenfey, and Hafiings : 
 every one of which, befides their Hundreds, 
 has a Caftle, River, and Foreft of it’s own. But 
 becaufe I have little knowledge of their feve- 
 * They arc ral Limits *, I defign to fteer my courfe along 
 now duly di- the fliore, from weft to eaft : for the inner 
 videdinthe pj^^ts have only a Village here and there, and 
 Maps* fcarce any thing worth the mentioning. 
 
 In the very confines of Hamfhire and this 
 Bofcnhain. County, ftands BofenhamyCOmmonly call’d Bofe 
 ham, environ’d with woods and the fea toge- 
 ther, where, as Bede faith, Dkul a Scotch Monk 
 had a very fmaU Cell, and jive or jix Brothers, living 
 poorly, and ferving God which was, a long time 
 after, converted into a private retreat of King 
 Harold. From which place, as he once in a 
 little Pinnace made to fea for his pleafure, he 
 was by a fudden turn of tlie wind driven upon 
 the coaft of France, and there detain’d, till he 
 had upon oath afliir’d the Kingdom of England 
 to William of Normandy after the de.ath of 
 King Edward the Confefibr j by vvhich means 
 he drew upon himfelf his own ruin, and the 
 kingdom’s overthrow. But how by fubtilty 
 and double-dealing that cunning catcher of fyl- 
 EarlGoa* kbles, Godviin Earl of Kent, and Father of 
 win’i double jjarold, got this place, and deluded the Arch- 
 meaning, j^jf^op by a captious change of letters, Walter 
 Mapes, who liv’d not many years after, fhall in- 
 form you in his own words, out of his book 
 de Nugis Curialium. 'I'his Bofeham belovi Cbiche- 
 ftei- (fays he) Godwin faw, and had a mind to j and 
 being accompanied with a great train oj Lords, came 
 fmiling and jejiing to the Archhijhop oj Canterbury, 
 whofe town it then was ; My Lord, fays he, give 
 ^ -me \ Bofeam. ‘the Archbijhop wondering what he 
 
 Jerhapst? dejtrdby that Requeji, 1 give you, fays he, Bofe- 
 £afium, a am. He pvejently, with his company oj Knights 
 Kifs, in Soldiers, jell down (as he had hjore defipid) at 
 
 rp8 
 
 usT* hijfng them, with a world of thanks, 
 
 ?na homage, retired to Bofeham, and by force of arms kept pof- 
 fejfton cu Lord of it ; and, having his followers as 
 Witnejfes to back him, gave the Archbijhop in the 
 Kings prefence a great many commendations as the 
 Donor ; and fo held it peaceably. Afterwards, as 
 we read in fejla de Wevil (which was an Inqui- 
 fition of lands made in King John’s time) King 
 William who conquer d England, gave this to Willi- 
 am F/^z.-Aucher and his heirs, in fee-farm, paying 
 cut of it yearly into the Exchequer forty pounds oj 
 fiver tryd and weigh’d and afterwards William 
 Marfall held it as his Inheritance. 
 
 Chkhefter. Chichefter, in Britifh Caercei, in Saxon Cip-an- 
 ceajrep, in Latin Cicefiria, ftands in a Plain 
 II Upon, C. farther inwards, |1 near the fame arm of the fea 
 with Bofeham ; a pretty large city, and wall’d 
 about. It was built by C^a the Saxon, the 
 fecond King of this Province, and took it’s name 
 from him. For Cijfan-ceaHer is nothing elfe but 
 the City of Ciffa ; whofe father JElla was the 
 firft Saxon that erefted a kingdom here. Yet, 
 before the Norman conqueft it was of fmall 
 reputation ; noted only for St. Peter’s Mona- 
 ftery, and a little Nunnery. But in the reign 
 of William r . (as appears by Domefday-book) 
 + Hagoe. there were in it an hundred | houfes, and it was in 
 * I>e Monte the hands of Earl Roger * j and there are | in the 
 ^memo,i.e.faid place fxty houfes more than there were before : 
 It paid fifteen pounds to the King, and ten to the 
 ma^grisT’ Afterwards, when in the reign of ^Vil- 
 
 liam I, it was ordain’d, that Bilhops Sees fliould 
 be tranflated out of little towns, to places ot 
 greater note and refoit, and this city was ho- 
 
 nour d with the Biftiop’s refidence (which w'as 
 before at Selfey) it began thereupon to flourifli. 
 
 Not many years after, Bifhop Ralph built a Ca- 
 thedral Church, which (before it was fully fi- 
 nifii d ) was by a cafual fire fuddealy burnt 
 down. Notwithftanding, by his endeavours, 
 and King Henry the ift’s liberality, it was rai- 
 fed-up again ; and now, befides the Bifhop, 
 has a Dean, a Chaunter, a Chancellor, a Trea- 
 furer, two Archdeacons, and thirty Prebenda- 
 ries. At the fame time, the City allb began to 
 flourifil ,* and had certainly fiourifh’d apace, 
 had not the haven been a little too far off, and 
 lefs commodious ; but f now the citizens arefSofaid, 
 about making it more convenient by a 
 Chanel. It is wall’d about in a circular form, 
 and is wafh’d on every fide, except the north, 
 by the little river Lavanf, fthe courfe of which Layant, 
 ftream is very unaccountable, being fometiraes 
 quite dry, but at other times (and that very 
 often in the midft of Summer) fo full, as to run 
 with forae violence.l It hath four gates open- 
 ing to the four quarters of the world, from 
 whence the ftreets lead direftly, and fo crofs 
 in the middle ; where the market is kept, and 
 where Bifhop Robert Read built a fine ftone Pi- 
 aza^a. As for the caftle, which ftood not far 
 from the north gate, it was anciently the feat 
 of the Earls of Arundel, who from hence wrote 
 themfelves Earls of Chichefter ; but it was af- Earls of Chi- 
 terwards converted to a Convent of Francif- chefter. ‘ 
 cans. All the fpace between the weft and fouth 
 ;ates, is taken up with the Cathedral Church, 
 lifhop’s palace, and the Dean and Prebenda- 
 ries houfes : which, about King Richard the 
 ift’s time, were again burnt down and Sef- 
 frid, fecond Bifhop of that name, re-edify’d 
 them. The Church it felf is not great, but very 
 near, with a high ftone fpire j and on part of the 
 fouth-fide of the Church, the hiftory of it’s 
 foundation is curioufly painted, as alfo the pi- 
 ctures of the Kings of England on the other part 
 are the piftures of all the Bifhops as well of Selfey 
 as of Chichefher ; all done at the charge of Bifhop 
 who beautify’d this Church very 
 much, and has his Motto fet-up every where. 
 
 Credits operibus, and Dilexi deiorem domus tua, 
 
 Domine. But that great tower which ftands 
 near the weft-fide of the Church, was built by 
 R. Riman, and, as is reported (upon his being 
 prohibited the building a Caftle at Aplederham 
 hard by, where he liv’d) with thofe very ftones 
 which he had provided for the Caftle. TBelides 
 the Cathedral, there are, within the Walls of 
 the City, five fmall Churches. Chichefter hath 
 given the title of Earl, to Francis Leigh Lord 
 Dunfmore, and after him, to Charles FitzrRoy 
 natural fon to King Charles 2 . 
 
 Near this place to the north, is St. Rooljs- St. Kook's- 
 hill j |j and upon it is ftill to be feen an oldhik 
 camp, the diameter whereof is two furlongs, 
 and better. The form is circular j from which 
 it may be gather’d, that it is not Roman, but 
 probably Danifli. The true name of it feems to 
 be St. Rod’s hill ; for he was patron of the Pil- 
 grims i and here was formerly a Chapel, which 
 might polTibly be dedicated to him. A mile and 
 half from this place to the weft, is a Camp call’d 
 Gonjhil, which being of a different form, muft pro- Gonfhiil. 
 bably have been the work of fome other People. 
 
 The figure of it is an oblong fquare, which comes 
 neareft to the Roman way of encamping. Hard 
 by Chichejier to the weft, there has been alfo 
 another large Roman Camp call’d the Brile, of xhe Brilc, 
 an oblong form ', four furlongs and two perch- 
 es in length, and two furlongs in breadth. It 
 lies in a flat low ground, with a great ram- 
 pire and fingle graff ; and in fuch a place, as 
 
 makes 
 
199 
 
 RE G N I. 
 
 Stanfted. 
 
 Up.Park, 
 
 Goodwood. 
 
 Halnaker. 
 
 Selfe^-, 
 
 Seales. 
 
 * yaflus fun- 
 dee. 
 
 Slaves. 
 
 Leonard’s. 
 
 Forell. 
 
 Amberley, 
 
 Arundel, 
 
 Mullets. 
 
 Stanes-ilrcet. 
 
 Eelinghurfl 
 
 makes it probable enough that it was that of 
 Vefpafian, after his landing. In the neighbour- 
 hood of Chicheftei*, are alfo feveral Houfes of 
 the Nobilit}., fo advantogeoufly lituated, as to 
 ftftbrd a molt delightful and entertaining prof- 
 pedt to the Sea : At feme diftance, Stanfledy 
 the feat of the Earl of Scarborough ; and Vp- 
 Park (fo called from the high ground, and the 
 Park enclofing it ) belonging lately to Ford 
 Lord Grey Earl of Tankervil, and now, by 
 marriage, to the prefent Earl : And, nearer the 
 City, Goodzcoiid, the feat of his Grace the Duke 
 of Richmond ; and Halnakerj lately come to 
 the Earl of Derby, by marriage with the daugh- 
 ter and foie heir of Sir William Morky.^ 
 
 Selfey before mention’d, in Saxon Sealp-ey, 
 that is, as Bede interprets it, the We of Sea- 
 Calves (which we in our language call Seales, a 
 creature that always makes to iflands and fhores, 
 to bring forth it’s young) Hands a little lower. 
 A flace (as Bede lays) encompafs'd with the fea, 
 mlefs on the wefl-Jide, where it has an entry into it 
 •of about a * Jione’s-cafi over. TThe Street of Sel 
 fey Hands on a dry gravelly foil, and is not un^- 
 healthful to fuch a degree, as places lituated fo 
 low, and fo near the Sea, ufually arc. It is 
 famous for it’s excellent Cockles, and for pro- 
 ducing the^ beH Wheat.! It contained eighty 
 level! families, when Edinwalch King of this 
 Province, gave it to Wilfrid BiHiop of York, 
 then in exile ; who HrH preached the Gofpel 
 here, and, as he writes, not only fav’d from the 
 bondage of the Devil two hundred and fifty bondmen, 
 by baptifm ; but alfo by giving freedom, deliver d 
 them from being flaves to men. Afterward, King. 
 Cedwalla, who conquer’d Edinwalch, founded 
 a MonaHcry here, and honour’d it with an E- 
 pifcopal See ,• which Stigand, the 22.^ Bifiiop, 
 tranflated to ChicheHer, where it now flourifh- 
 es, and owns Cedwalla for it’s Founder. In this 
 Ifle there are fome obfeure remains of that an- 
 cient Httle city, in which thofeBilhopsrelided; 
 cover’d at liigh water, but plainly vilible at 
 low water. 
 
 Beyond Selfey, the Ihore opens to make way 
 for a river, that runs out of St. Leonard's Forejli 
 firft by Amberley, where William Read Bifhop 
 of Chichefler, in the reign of Edward 3, built 
 a caHle for his fuccelfors: and then by Arundel, 
 feated on the Hde ot a hill ; a place of great 
 name, but of it felf not very confiderable, nor 
 ycty ancient j for I have not fo much as read 
 it s narne before King Alfred’s time, who gave 
 it in his Will to Athelm his brother’s fon. Un- 
 lefs we Ihould believe Porttis Adurni to be cor- 
 ruptly written, by a tranfpolition of letters, for 
 Portus Arundi. fit is now a market-town, and 
 a borough fending two Burgefies to Parliament ,• 
 and is famous for the beft AluHets, which come 
 plenty, into this river. The no- 
 ’ !’iz. Stemes-fireet caufeway, which 
 
 IS in fome places ten yards broad, but in moH 
 •leven, comes to this town out of Surrey by Be- 
 linghurfi. It is a yard and half deep in Hones 
 (whidi tliey difeover by cutting paflages to let 
 in the water,) and runs in a Hrcight linej and 
 IS made of flints and pebbles, tho’ no flints are 
 found within feven miles of it.1 The etymo- 
 logy of Amndel, is neither from Bevoftm i Ro- 
 mantick horle, nor from Chanidum a pro- 
 montory in Denmark, as Goropius Becanus 
 dream d ; but from a vale lying along the Ri- 
 ver Arun; in cafe Arun be the name of the ri- 
 ver, as iome have told us, and upon that ac- 
 count have nam’cl it Aruntina vallis. fHowe- 
 ver, there are thole, who on one hand contend 
 tor the Styry of Bcvis% horfe ; and on the other 
 hand, will by no means admit this derivation 
 
 2 00 
 
 from Arun and tliey offer their reafons for 
 both. That Bevis was founder of the Caftle 
 (fay they) is a current opinion handed down by 
 tradition ', and there is a tower in it Hill known 
 by the name of Bevis % tower, W'hich they tell Beris’^ t 
 you was his own apartment. Befides, they 
 think it natural enough to imagin, that the 
 name of a horfe might be Arundel, from his 
 fwiftnefs ^ lince that w^ord in French fignifles 
 a Swallow, and the prefent Arms of the town 
 (which is corporate by Prefeription) oxe, a. Swal- 
 low. Now why (fay they) might not Bevis’s 
 Arundel, as W'ell have the lionoiir of naming a 
 town wherein his mafter had a particular In- 
 tereft ; as Alexander’s Bucephalm had, of a city? 
 
 Then, againH the derivation from Arun, they 
 urge, that that river is call’d High-fh-eam, todi-Hi^J, ft.., 
 Hinguifh it from the other fmall rivulets or ^ 
 Hreams ,• and feems to have born the fame 
 name (as to the fenfe at leaH) all along. The 
 Norman Englilh call’d it Hault-rey ; and aii- 
 fwerably, the middle-aged Latin ^vriters, Alta 
 ripa (ior Bhie, a towm in this County, is call’d Rhie. 
 in Latin Ripa ; and feveral branches breaking 
 out of the High-fiream, are at tiiis day call’d 
 Pipes or Rifesf) There was alfo an ancient fa- 
 mily of -Knights, owmers of much land in thefe 
 parts (even in the bolom of this great river, in 
 the parifli of Hariham, otherwile Firitigham)tcAr,Am 
 call d from it de Hault Key ,* and their poHerity 
 remains in ^thefe parts to this day, under the 
 name of D' Awtrq,m Latin Z>e Much 
 
 lefs, add they, will the interpretation, Amntim 
 ■vaUis, fuit cither the name of the place, or the 
 circumftances of it. For tho' it be written ie- 
 veral ways, yet no one mates it end in dale ; 
 nor is a low traS of ground ever exprefs’d by 
 that word in this County (as it is in other parts 
 of England,; but by a Level ; as Pevenfey-Lml, 
 Lewes-Level, Brambre-Level, Arundel-Level, with 
 many others. And the Commiffioners of Sew- 
 ers asW the Impolition laid upon Land for re- 
 pair of publick b.anks and fluices, a Level-tax. . 
 
 Of thefe Opinions, every one is at liberty to 
 take which he pleafcs; and we will now return 
 to the account of the Town it felfl All the fame 
 whereof is owing to the Caftle, which flourilh’d 
 under the Saxon Government, and was, as we 
 read, prefently after the coming-in of the Nor- 
 mans, repair d by Koger AZontgomery, who was 
 thereupon ftil d Earl of Arundel. For, it is large, 
 and well fortify’d with Works. But his ion 
 Robert Belcfme, who fuccecdcd his brother 
 Hugh, was outlaw’d by King Henry i, and loft 
 that and all his other honours. For breaking 
 into Rebellion againft the King, he chofe this 
 caftle tor the feat of war, and fortify’d it 
 very ftrongly ; but had no better fuccefs, th.an 
 
 what generally attends Treafon : For the King’s 
 forces furrounding it, at length took it. Upon 
 Ais Roberts outlawry and Ranifliment, the 
 King gave the caftle, and the reft of his eftate, 
 to Adeh^ daughter of Godfrey (firnam’d f Anr-f Long- 
 batus, of Lmaine, and Duke of Lomin and Bra- 
 bant) his fecond Queen, for her Dower. In 
 whole commendation a certain * Englilh-man * V. Henry 
 
 .1 cciLitiii i:,iigiim-mau* v.rienr' 
 
 wrote thefe verfes, very ingenious for that un- Hunt, l.y- 
 learned age: ‘ n. 9 t8. 
 
 >. 2i3. 
 
 Anghrum Regina, tuos, AdelisLU, decores 
 Ipfa referre parans Mufa, fiupore riget. 
 
 Quid Diadema tibi pulcherrima ? Quid tibi 
 Gemma ? 
 
 PAlet Gemma tibi, nec Diadema nitet. 
 Deme tibi cultHi, adtum natura minifirat : 
 Non t exornari forma beata potefi. 
 Oinamenta cave, nec quic^uam luminis hide 
 Accipis, ilia micarit lumine clara tuo. 
 
 Non 
 
 * In other _ 
 Copies md'f 
 ran. 
 
202 
 
 201 
 
 SU T H-S E X. 
 
 iVoK puduit modicas de magnh dicere laiides^ 
 JSlec pudeat Domirimny te^ p-recor, ejfe 
 meam. 
 
 When Adeliz,as name Ihohid grace my 
 
 A fudden wonder flops tlie Mufe s tongue. ' 
 Your Crown and Jew'els, it compared to 
 you, 
 
 How poor your Crow-n, how pale your Jew- 
 els fhow ! 
 
 Take oft' your robes, your rich attire remove j 
 Such pomps will load you, but can ne er 
 improve. 
 
 In vain your coflly Ornaments are worn. 
 
 You they obfeure, while others they adorn. 
 Ah 1 what new luflre can thefe trifles give. 
 Which ail their beauty from your charms 
 receive ? 
 
 I’hus I your lofty praife, your vaft re- 
 
 nown ^ ^ I 
 
 In humble flrains am not afliam’d t’ have ! 
 
 fliowm : _ ‘ 
 
 Oh ! be not you afliam’d my fervices to 
 own. 
 
 She, after the King’s death, match’d with 
 . WilUam'^'D’Aubeneyy who taking part with Maud 
 If.fot‘StheEmprefs againft King Stephen, and defend- 
 dt’AlUai’o, ing this Caftle ; -was by the iald Maud t Lady 
 and ie AlU- of the Englifil (for that was the title file us’d,) 
 «/««. Now Earl of Arundel, in recompence for his 
 
 fZXum good Senices. And her fon King Henry 2, 
 DomSa. gave the fame WtUiam the whole Rxife 0/ Arun- 
 del, to hold of him hy the fertike of eight] four 
 Knights fees and an half: and to his fon William, 
 King Richard l. granted (in wdrds to this ef- 
 Ea* of A-feS) Arundel Caftle, together with the whole Ho- 
 mndeland nour of Arundel, and the third (enny of the Pleas 
 Suflex, (jyj Sujfex, whereof he is Earl. And when, af- 
 SeethoEarlater the fifth Earl of this Sirname the ife- 
 Of Suflex. male failed i one of the fiflers and heirs oi Hugh 
 the fifth Earl, was marry’d to John FitZe-AIan 
 II tmepes. Lord of Clun, whofe || great grandfon Richard. 
 Chartx Anti- on account of his being feisued of the Caftle, Honour] 
 nanso.m.2f. l„jft)if ef Amndel in his own deniefn as of 
 Fee, and in regard of this his pojfeffion of the fame 
 Caftle, Honour and Lordfhip, and without any other 
 confideration, or Creation, was Earl of Arundel, and 
 the Name, State and Honour of the Earl of A- 
 rundel, &c. peaceably enjoy’d ; as appears by a de- 
 finitive Judgment in Parliament in favour of 
 John Fia-A/d?!, challenging the Caftle and Title 
 of Arundel, againft John Mowbray, Duke of 
 * ArSlrnmo Norfolk, the right heir by his mother, * in the neareft 
 
 Pari. II. 
 Hen, 6. 
 
 gradu. 
 
 ........ From” whence it is inher’d. That the 
 
 Name, State, and Dignity of Earl, was annex’d to 
 the Caftle, Honour and Lordfhip of Arundel, as may 
 be feen in the Parliament-Rolls, An. 27 Hen. 6 s 
 out of which I have copy’d thefe notes, Avord 
 for word. Of thefe Fitz.-Alans, the eleventh 
 f So raid, E.arl liv’d in f our time, and dying without if- 
 ann. 1607. Avas fucceeded by Philip Howard his 
 
 grandfon by a daughter ; Avho, not being able 
 to digeft the Injuries and hard meafure put 
 upon him by the cunning of fome envious men, 
 fell into the fnare AA'hich they had laid for him ; 
 and being brought into the utmoft danger of 
 his life, dy’d. But his fon ‘Thomas, a moft ho- 
 nourable young Gentleman, ennobled with an 
 eager purfuit after virtue and glory worthy 
 his great birth ; and alfo of an affable obliging 
 temper, was reftor’d by King James fthe ift,l 
 and had all his father’s honours return’d to him, 
 by kSc of Parliament. TThis Thomas dying 
 An. 1546, AAas fucceeded in his honours by his 
 fon Henry, Avho in the life-time of his father 
 was fummon’d to Parliament by the titles of 
 
 Lord Mowbray^ and Maltrawers. By whofe death 
 An. l 6 yi, this title came to Thomas his eldeft 
 fon, reftor’d alfo, 13 Car. 2, to the title of 
 Duke of Norfolk, Avhich had been forfeited 
 by the Attainder of Thomas the laft Duke. 
 By Avhich means, the title of Duke of Nor- 
 folk came to Henry his brother, with the 
 Earldoms of Arundel and Surrey, Asliich he left 
 to Henry his fon ; who dying, without iffuc, in 
 the year 1701, this, and the other high and 
 honourable Titles belonging to this noble Fa- 
 mily, defeended to Thomas, the prefenr Duke 
 of Norfolk, fon of Thomas Lord HoAvard, 
 younger brother of Henry the laft Duke.I 
 
 Except the Caftle and it’s Earls, Arundel 
 hath nothing memorable; for the College foun-, 
 ded there by the Earls, having loft it’s Reve- 
 nues, is noAV funk. There are fome monuments 
 of the Earls in the Church ; and amongft them, 
 one of Alabafter more noble than the reft ; in 
 AAhich ( in the middle of the Quire ) lie Earl 
 Thomas, and Beatrix his Wife, Daughter of yohn 
 King of Portugal. Neither muft I pafs by an 
 infeription, very beautifully gilt, and fet-up 
 here, to the honour of Henry Fitz,-Alan the 
 laft Earl of this Line ; ftnee fome Perfons Avill 
 be pleafed, to fee it. 
 
 VIRTUTI ET HONORI SACRUM. 
 
 MAGNANIMUS HERDS, CUJUS HIC 
 CERNITUR EFFIGIES, CUJUSQJJE HIC 
 SUBTER SITA SUNT OSSA, HUJUS 
 TERRITORII COMES FUIT : SUI GE- 
 NERIS AB ALANI FILIO COGNOMI- 
 NATUS, A MALATRA VERSO, CLU- 
 NENSI, ET OSWALDESTRENSI HO- 
 NORIBUS EXIMIIS DOMINUS INSU- 
 PER AC BARO NUNCUPATUS : GAR- 
 TERIANI ORDINIS EQUESTRIS SANE 
 NOBILISSIMI SODALIS DUM VIXIT, 
 ANTIQUISSIMUS ; ARUNDELIiE CO- 
 MITIS GUILIELMI FILIUS UNICUS ET 
 SUCCESSOR, OMNIUMQJJE VIRTU- 
 TUM PARTICEPS : Q_UI HENRICO 
 VIII. EDWARDO VI. MARIdS ET ELI- 
 ZABETHiE ANGLIjE REGIBUS. A SE- 
 CRETIS CONSILIIS, VILLiE QJJOQIJE 
 CALESIdE PRiEFECTURAM GESSIT, 
 ET CUM HENRICUS REX BOLONI- 
 AM IN MORINIS OBSIDIONE CIN- 
 XERAT, EXERCITUS SUI MARESCAL- 
 LUS PRIMARIES, DEINDE REGIS FU- 
 IT CAMERARIUS : EJUSQUE FILIO 
 EDWARDO DUM CORONARETUR 
 MARESCALLI REGNI OFFICIUM GE- 
 REBAT: EIQJJE SICUT ANTEA PA- 
 TRI CAMERARIUS FACTUS. REG- 
 NANTE VERO MARIA REGINA CO- 
 RONATIONIS SOLENNI TEMPORE 
 SUMMUS CONSTITUITUR CONST A- 
 BULARIUS, DOMUSQUE REGIME 
 POSTMODUM PRiEFECTUS, AC CON- 
 SILII PRiESES, SICUT ET ELIZABE- 
 THaE REGINaE, CUJUS SIMILITER 
 HOSPITII SENESCALLUS FUIT. 
 
 ITA VIR ISTE GENERE CLARUS, 
 PUBLICIS BENE FUNCTIS MAGISTRA- 
 TIBUS CLARIOR, DOMI AC FORTS 
 CLARISSIMUS, HONORE FLORENS; 
 
 C c LABO- 
 
203 
 
 R E G N L 
 
 L/VBORE FRACTUS,^TATE CONFEC- 
 TUS, POSTQUAM ^TATIS SUiE AN- 
 NUM LXVIIL ATTIGISSET, LONDI- 
 NI XXV. DIE FEBRUARII, ANNO NO- 
 HKJE SALUTIS A CHRISTO MDLXXIX. 
 PIE ET SUA VITER IN DOMINO OB- 
 DORMIVIT. 
 
 204 
 
 JOANNES LUMLEY, BARO DE 
 LUMLEY, GENER PIENTISSIMUS, 
 SUPREMiE VOLUNTATIS SUM VIN- 
 DEX, SOCERO SUAVISSIMO, ET PA- 
 TRONO OPTIMO MAGNIFICEN- 
 TISSIME FUNERATO,NON MEMO- 
 RI^, QUAM IMMORTALEM SIBl 
 MULTIFARIIS VIRTUTIBUS COM- 
 PARAVIT, SED CORPORIS MORTA- 
 LIS ERGO, IN SPEM FELICIS RE- 
 SURRECTIONIS RECONDITE HANC 
 ILL I EX PROPRIIS ARMATURIS 
 STATUAM EQUESTREM PRO MU_ 
 NERE EXTREMO UBERIBUS CUM 
 LACHRYMIS DEVOTISSIME CONSE- 
 CRAVIT. 
 
 That is, 
 
 Sacred to Virtue and Homur. 
 
 *Tbe Valiant Heroey whofe Effigies you here fee, 
 and whofe Bones are buried underneath, was Earl of 
 this 'Territory : he had his Simame, from being the 
 fon of Alan j and moreover took the honourable titles 
 of Lord and Baron of Maltravers, Clun, and Of- 
 waldeftre : be was Knight oj the Garte-r, and livd 
 to be the Senior oj that Noble Order : only Son to 
 William Earl of Arundel, and heir both Sj' his E- 
 fate and Virtues. He was Privy Counfellor to Hen- 
 ry 8, Edward 6 , Queen Mary, and Queen Eliz,a- 
 beth. Kings [and Queens'] of England ; alj'o Gover- 
 nour oj Calais ; and, when Bologne (a town of the 
 old Morini) was hefiegd by the fame King Henry, 
 he was General oj the Army. He was aferwar^ 
 Lord Chamberlain to the faid King, and at the Coro- 
 nation oj his fon Edward, executed the Ofice of Mar- 
 fhal oj England', to which King be was Lord Cham- 
 berlain, as he had been to bis Father. Upon Queen 
 Marys coming to the Crown, he was made High- 
 
 County j it is enlarg’d by the influx of many 
 Rivulets on both lides : the moft noted of 
 which, waflles Cowdrey, a noble feat of Vifcount^°”‘lr6)'. 
 Montacute -, and has on it’s other fide Midherjl,y^[^\^^^<y^ 
 proud of its Lords the Bohuns, who bear for 
 
 their Aims A Crofs Azure in a Field Or; andgotj^ij.^ 
 
 Conjlable of England for the Coronation, afierwards 
 
 who, from Ingelricus de Bohun under King Hen- Midhcrll 
 ry I, flourifh’d till Henry the 7'** ’s days, who Their Arms, 
 gave the Daughter and heir of John Bohun in 
 marriage to Sir David Owen Knight, natural 
 Son of Owen Theodore [or Tudor j] with a large 
 Inheritance. Thefe Bohuns (to note, by the 
 way, the antiquity of a word now grown out of 
 ufe) were for fonie time the Kings S^gm-nelshySflgam], 
 inheritance, that is, the Sealers of his Writs •, h ilgni* 
 which OfRce, together with tlie Serjeanty of"®*‘ 
 the King’s Chapel, was refigued to King Ed- 
 ward I, by John de Bohun the Son of Franco •, 
 as we read in an old Charter concerning that 
 particular matter. 
 
 Next we have a fight ofP^'^uw^/^, wEich ^/-Petworth. 
 Ham D’ Aubeney Earl of Arundel gave, together 
 with a large eftate, to Jofceline of Lovain (a Bra- 
 baiider, Qiieen Adeliza’s brother, and a younger 
 Ion of Godfrey Duke of Brabant, defeended 
 from the ftock of Cbarlemain,) upon his marri- 
 age with Agnes the only daughter and heir of 
 the Percies. Since which time, the poflerity The Pcrcler, 
 of that Jofceline (having afiumed the name of 
 Percy, as we fhall elfewhere tell you) have held 
 and enjoyed it. A family, certainly very an-Sce Nor* 
 cient and noble, which derive their defeent 
 from Cbarlemain, by a feries of Anceftors much 
 lefs interrupted, than either the Dukes of Lor- 
 rain or Guife ; who value themfelves fo highly 
 upon that account. This Jofceline, as I have 
 feen in a donation of his, us’d the following 
 Title : Jofceline of Lovain, Brother of Queen A- 
 deliza, CaHellane of Arundel. FBut the ifllie- 
 male of that noble Family failing in Jofceline 
 the eleventh and laft Earl of Northumberland, 
 this, together with other large Eftates in di- 
 vers parts of England, came by marriage with 
 Elizabeth foie daughter and heir of the laid Jo- 
 fccline, to Charles Duk-e of Somerfet, whofe 
 Courage, and Zeal for the Proteftant Religion, 
 in refuling to introduce tiie Pope’s Nuncio, will 
 eyer be recorded to his honour, in the Hifto- 
 ries of the reign of King James the fecond ; 
 and to whom this ancient feat owes the noble 
 Improveirients w’hich it hath receiv’d, as w'ell in 
 the Buildings, as in other Ornaments and Ac- 
 
 Steward oj her Houjhold, and Prefdent of the Coun- 
 cil’, which honour he had under Queen Elizabeth- 
 to whom he was likewife Steward of the Houjhold. 
 
 Thus, tbisperfon, noble by birth, by the honoura- 
 ble difeharge of Offices yet more noble, and mojl of 
 all fo by his great Exploits at home and abroad', with 
 his honour untainted, his body broken with labour, 
 und worn out with age, hi the fxty eighth year of his 
 life dyd in the Lord, devoutly and peaceably at Lon- 
 don, on the 25'}^ of February, in the year of our 
 Lord 1579. 
 
 John Lumley, Baron of Lumley, his mojl duti- 
 ful and difconjolate Son-in-Law, and Executor, with 
 the umoji rejpeci put up this Statue with his Ar- 
 mour (afier he had been buried in great pomp) for 
 the kindeji of Fathers-in-Laxo and the bejl of Pa- 
 trons, as the lajl Office he was able to pay him : not 
 to preferve his memory {for that bis many Virtues 
 had made immortal) but his Body, which was com- 
 
 mitted to the ground in hopes of a joyful Refurre- 
 Bion. 
 
 As for the River, which runs by this place, 
 and has its Spring in the North part of the 
 
 commodations luitable thereunto.l 
 
 As the Ihore goes back from the mouth ofo/Engtonj. 
 Arun, neaf Tering, lies Offiingtons, f the feat off Ann. k5o7.' 
 William Wejl Baron De-la-Ware. This of the 
 Wefls is a noble and ancient family, who ha-°^*^® 
 ving much advanced themfelves by matching 
 with the heirs of Cantelupe of Hempflon, and 
 of Fitz-Regmald Fitz-Herbert, 'were adorn’d alfo 
 with the title of Baron, by the heir general of 
 the Lord De-la-ware. Hard by, is a military Barons De-U* 
 fort compafs d about with a bank rudely 
 up, where the inhabitants believe that Csfar 
 intrench d and fortify ’d his Camp. But CiJsbury,Qy^^^}Q^jy, 
 the name of the place, plainly ihewsit was the 
 work of Cijfa ; who w^as the fecond King of 
 this Kingdom, of the Saxon race, fucceeding 
 uEda his father ; and who, with his brother Ci- 
 men and a confiderable Body of Saxons, landed 
 on this coaft at Cimen-jhore, fo called from the 
 faid Cimen : a place, whicli now hath loft it’s 
 nam^ ; but that it was near Wittering, King 
 Cedwalla s Charter of Donation made to the 
 Church of Selfey, is a convincing proof. There 
 is another Fort likewife, two miles from Cifs- 
 hury, which they commonly call Chenkbwry. Chenkbury. 
 
 Thence, 
 
SUTH-S EX. 
 
 206 
 
 , „ Thence, near the fea, lies Broodwaterf the 
 oU Barony of the Lords de Camois, who flourifh’d 
 * sTSd, from the time of Edward i, till * our Grand- 
 ann. i6°7* fathers remembrance, when by female-heirs the 
 eftate came to the Lezvkenors and Radmilds. Of 
 this family, ^ohn Camois fon of Lord Ral^b Ca- 
 wois (a precedent not to be paralleled in that, 
 or our own age) oat of his own free will (I fpeak 
 A Wife given from the Parliament-Rolls themfelves) ganje and 
 and granted demfed bis own wife Margaret, daughter and heir 
 to another, John de Gaidefden, to i’rV William Painel 
 Pari. 30 Knight j and to the fame [William] voluntarily 
 *' gave-, granted, rekafed, and quit-claimed all the 
 goods and chattels which foe had, or otherwife here- 
 after might have, and alfo whatever was in his 
 hands of the aforefaid Margaret^ goods and chattels 
 with their appurtenances. So as neither hmfelf, nor 
 any other in his name, might, nor for ever ought to 
 claim or challenge any interefi in the aforefaid Mar- 
 garet from bencejorth, or in the goods or chattels of 
 the faid Margaret. Which is, what the Anci- 
 ents faid in one word, Vt omnia fua fecum hahe- 
 ret, that (he fiiould takeaway with her all that 
 was her’s. By occalion of which grant, when 
 fhe demanded her dower in the manour of 
 'torpull, an eftate of fohn Camois her firft hus- 
 band, there commenced a memorable fuit. But 
 fhe was caft in it, and fentence pals’d, ‘That jhe 
 ought to have no dower from thence. I’his I men- 
 tion with Indignation ; but I perceive Pope 
 Gregory might have good grotind to write to 
 Archbi^op Lanfrank, that he heard, there 
 W'ere lome among the Scots w'ho not only for- 
 fook their Wives, but fold them too ; lince 
 even in England they gave and demis’d them in 
 this manner. 
 
 Shoreham. Upon the fliore, a little lower, appears Shore- 
 ham, anciently 6cope-bam, which by little and 
 little has dwindled into a poor village, now 
 call’d Old Shoreham j having given rife to ano- 
 ther Town of the fame name, the greateft part 
 whereof is alfo ruin’d and under water, and the 
 Advantage of it’s Port, by reafon of the banks 
 of fand caft-up at the mouth of the river, is 
 wholly taken away : whereas in former ages it 
 was wont to carry fliips under fail as high as 
 Bremfcer-Ca- Brember, a pretty good diftance from the fea. 
 
 Sterling. 
 
 Findon. 
 
 Tltis was formerly a CalUe of the Brecfes •, for 
 King William i. gave it to William de Breofe, 
 from whom the Breofes, Lords of Gower and 
 Brechnock, are defcended 3 and from them alfo 
 are defcended the Knightly Families of the 
 Shirleys in this County and Leicefterfhire. But 
 now, inftead of a caftle, there is nothing but 
 a heap of ruins j beneath which lies Stening, 
 a well-frequented market j and in ^Elfred’s 
 Will, if I miflake not, it is called Steningham. 
 fNot far from Stening, lies Findon •, within a 
 mile of which is an ancient Camp, about two 
 Csefar’s-hill. miles diftant from the fea. It is call’d Cafars- 
 hiU, becaufe the people imagine it was Cafars 
 Camp ; and they pretend to ftiew the place 
 where Cafar s tent was. Notwithftanding 
 which, the form of it fhows that opinion to be 
 ill grounded j for, being roundijh, it feems 
 rather to have been a Britifh work Farther 
 Eaftward, alfo, near Lewes, is another Camp.l 
 Portus Adur- That ancient port, call’d Forms Adurni, is, 
 m. Notitia as it fhould feem, fcarce three miles from the 
 mouth of this river where, when the Saxons 
 foil infefted our leas, the band of Exploratores 
 under the Roman Emperors had their Station 3 
 but it is now^ choaked up with heaps of fand 
 driven-in. For both the name, ftill remaining 
 almoll entire, and alfo fome adjacent cottages 
 tflade. call’d Portfade, that is, the Way to the Port, 
 Edcrington. perfuade us to think, that this was Ederhgm, 
 
 a little village which the faid iElfred granted 
 to his younger fon : not to obferve, how eafily 
 they might land here, the Ihore being fo open 
 and plain. And for that very reafon, our men, 
 in the reign of Henry 8, chiefly reckon’d up- 
 on the French Gaiiies landing here, and waited 
 their coming 3 while they hover’d upon our 
 Coalls, and fet one or two cottages on lire, by 
 furprile, at Brigbthelmfied, which our anceftors Brighthelm* 
 term’d Bpigbcealmej-cun, the very next Station fted. 
 to it. 
 
 Some few miles from hence, a certain ano-^ 
 uymous river difeharges it felf into the fea, 
 which rifes out of St. Leonard’s Foreft near 
 Slaugham, the feat of the Coverts 3 who inSlaughair. 
 King Henry the third’s time flourilh’d in this 
 trad, w’ith the honour of Knighthood. 
 
 In thefe parts, but at fome diflance from 
 the fea, Hands Lewes, upon a riling ground Lewes, 
 (taking its name perhaps from Futures, call’d 
 by the Saxons Lej*pa,) which is, for largenefs 
 and populoufnefs, one of the chief Towns of 
 the County. In the reign of Edward the Con- 
 fellbr, It paid fx pounds and four fEliings * for* Gablo 
 Tax and Toll. The King had there one hundred^ TbeJ^eo. 
 twenty feven Burgeffes. It was their aijlom, if 
 King had a mind to fend his foldiers to fea with- 
 out them 3 that of all of them, whofefoever the lands 
 were, there jhould he colleBed twenty Jhillings, and 
 they had it \ who ferv d in the flips. Whofo fells ant^ InaavlBus 
 korfe within the Borotigh, gives the Provofi || one arma cufiodic- 
 penny, and the buyer gives another ; for an ox cr^fX’ 
 cow, a halfpenny 3 for a man four pence; wherefo-*' 
 ever within the Rape he buys. He that fieds blood, 
 
 ^ pays feven foillings. He that commits Adultery or* Smendat 
 a Rape, eight Shillings and jour pence, and the wo-P’^o, 
 man as much. The King bath the Adulterer, and. 
 the Archbifiop the woman. HAien the money is new 
 made, every Mint-malier gives twenty foillings. Of 
 all thefe payments, two parts went to the King, and 
 a third to the Earl. William de Warren, the 
 firft Earl of Surrey, built a Caftle here, at the 
 foot whereof he dedicated a Priory to St. Pan- 
 crafe, and fill’d it with Cluniack Monks, in re- 
 gard of the holinefs, religion, and charity, which he 
 found in the MonaHery of Clugny in Burgundy, 
 
 ( I cite this out of the original Inftrument of 
 Foundation,) whilfl; going in pilgrimage, toge- 
 ther with his wife, he lodg’d there. But this 
 I was converted into a houfe of the Earls of^- Isnowcon- 
 Dorfet. Yet there are fix Churches ftill 
 maining in the town 3 of which, not far from 
 the Caftle, and beneath it, there Hands a little 
 one, defolate, and ovcr-grow’ii with brambles 3 
 in the walls w'hereof are- engraven, arch-w'ife, 
 certain rude verfes in an obfolere Charader ; 
 which imply, that one defcended of 
 
 the Blood Royal of the Danes, and devoted to 
 a folitary life, was buried there. But here, 
 
 ' take the verfes themfelves, tho’ imperfed, and 
 gaping, if I may fo fay, by reafon ot the Stones 
 being disjointed : 
 
 Provincia- 
 lum. 
 
 Which 
 
207 
 
 R E G N I. 
 
 208 
 
 Which perhaps are to be read thus : 
 
 Clauditur hk miles Danorum regia frolesy 
 Magnus nomett eiy magna nota progeniei, 
 Deponem Magnum, prudentior induit ag~ 
 nwn : 
 
 Prapete pro wta fit parvulm Anachorita. 
 
 Here lies a Knight of Denmark’s royal 
 blood, 
 
 APagnpii his name, whence his great race is 
 fhow’d. 
 
 Refigning all his grandeur he became 
 
 Hermit tfora foldier, and from wolf a 
 lamb. 
 
 M. Paris, 
 P* 1350. 
 
 During the reign of the Saxons, upon 2E- 
 thclftan’s making a law that no money fhou’d 
 be coin’d but in Towns only ,* he appointed 
 t\yo Minters here. But afterwards, in the time 
 oi the Normans, it became famous for a bloody 
 battle between King Henry 3, and the Barons j 
 1263. in which the hopeiul on-fet of the King’s Party 
 The Battle h'rft, prov’d their overthrow at lafl. For 
 while Prince Edward the King’s fon, breaking 
 thro’ fome of the Barons troops, careleily pur- 
 fu’d the enemy too far, as making fure of the 
 vidory ; the Barons rallying their forces, gave 
 a frefli charge, and lb routed the King’s array, 
 that they compell’d him to ofter conditions of 
 peace which were very unreafonable, and to 
 deliver his fon Prince Edw^ard, with otliers, in- 
 to their hands. FNot far from this place, is 
 Laughton. Laughton, where, the Pelhams have flouriftied for 
 many ages 3 ot whom, T'bomas, the late poll'ef- 
 was created a Baron of this Realm, by the 
 in the 5"> year 
 
 land. ^lecn Anne. *1 
 
 From Lewes, paffing by a large lake well-llor’d 
 
 rune. wjthfift, near Far/e, the feat of the (who, 
 
 advancing their ellate by marriage with one of 
 the heirs of the honfe of Sr. Clare, became a Fa- 
 mily ot good note ; ) w e come to Cuckmer, a 
 pretty good Harbour. Then, having p.afs’d the 
 promontory, call’d from the Beach, Beachr ■ 
 Flor=«”fu 7 ’ S*’" place that comes in our way is Peven- 
 Wigorn. >7? anciently Peopenj-ea, by the Normans Pe- 
 p. 452. 'venjel, commonly Pemfey 3 a caftle, in former 
 
 Mome',,.S Earl Mcretcn, half- 
 
 Mome. ,,58. brother (by the mother’s fide) to William the 
 Treaty ba- Conqueror ; afterwards, to William fon of King 
 nveen King Stephen, who furrender’d it again to Henrv - 
 
 Ki’n°7stt‘‘ '■"‘waiv’d it as a free gift,*) 
 
 phen. together with the lands formerly belonging to 
 The honour Richer de Aeiuihi, or, of the Eagle, from whom 
 ofthcEagIc.thcy had tlie name of the Honour of the Eagle 
 
 Cuckmer. 
 
 Beachy 
 
 It remain’d a long time in the Crown ; till 
 King Henry 3. granted it to the Earls of Rich- 
 mond t of Bretagne, from whom it palled to the 4. B,itu ■ 
 Crown again. But now there are no remains 5i. ' 
 of the caftle, but the old walls. Some part of 
 this Hmoiir of the Eagle, Henry 4. gave after- 
 wards to the family of the Pelhams, for their 
 loyalty and valour. FThis, * Mr. Somner (dif- * Fom ,„i 
 allowing the common conjeaure of Newrndm in’’“'“ in 
 Kent,) was inclined to think the ancient 
 derida, where was the band of the Abida-, 
 grounding upon Gildas’s words, which exprefs 
 the fitu.ation of thefe garrifons. In littore Ocean! YiicKm ,t 
 ad meridiem, on the fea-lhore to the fouth ; and ' 
 alfo upon the defign of them, which was 
 to ken and fpy-out the invading enemy : and 
 laftly, upon the antiquity of the place, which 
 Archbilliop Ufher makes the old Caer Penfavel- 
 eoit ^ of the Britains ; the co«, i. e. wood, im- 
 plying the ancient flare and condition of this 
 County.l H.ard by. Hands Efej)?, amongll the ffrry?, whit 
 woods, and has it’s name from it’s woody fitua-it fgnifie., 
 tion ; for the Saxons call’d a wood, Hyppe. 
 
 Thi.s, immediately after the firfi coming-in of 
 the Normans, was the feat of certain Gentle- 
 men, who from the place were for fome time 
 named De Herfi till William fon of WalleranlLeiAet n 
 de Herji took the name of Monteaux, perhaps ^1*® Monafie- 
 from the place of his birth (a thing ufual in 
 that age •, ) whereupon, that name wus annex’d 
 to the place, call’d ever fince from it’s Lord, 
 
 Herji Alonceaux. From whofe poilerity it Mon* 
 
 feended hereditarily to the Fiemies. Thefe ,, 
 
 cKm, call’d likewife Fmis and Denies, are def-Sa 
 cendecl from Ingelram de Fienes, who marry’d theP2t,37*H.6. 
 heir of Pbaramufe of Boloigne ; of whom. King 
 Henry 6. accepted, declared, and reputed Richard 
 Ferns to be Baron of Dacre. And King Ed- An. 13 Edw. 
 ward 4. who was chofen honorary Arbitrator 4* 
 between him Humphrey Dacre, confirmed it 
 the faid Richard Fenis,and to his heirs lavsfully begot- 
 ten •, becaufe he had married Joan the Coujtn and 
 next heir of Thomas Baron Dacre ; fince which 
 time his pofterity have flourifh’d under the Ti- 
 tle of Barons Dacre, till George Fiemies Lord 
 Dacre | died without iffue. Whofe only fifter 4 1^0. 
 and lieir, Margaret, was married to Sampfon 
 Lennard Efquire, a perfon of extraordinary vir- 
 tue and civility, fand their defeendants in right 
 of the laid Margaret were Lords Dacre, and 
 afterwards advanced to the dignity of Earls of 
 bufiex. 1 
 
 But to return : at this Pevenfey ^to give you 
 a ftiort account, becaufe tlie place requires it, 
 of that which I have related more fully elfe- 
 where) William the Norman arriv’d with his 
 whole navy upon thecoaft of Britain, and land- 
 ed his army, and, having ftrongly entrench’d 
 
 his camp, fet his fhips on hre, that their only 
 hope might lie in their courage, and their only 
 farety in vifiory. Quickly after, he march’d to 
 a Pkin near HaBmgs, where the Difpute for 
 the Crown of England was finally determin’d, 
 and the Saxon Government came to an end. 
 ror there, our Harold ( notwithfianding his 
 forces were much diminifh’d by a former fight 
 with the Danes, and fatigued by a long march) 
 ga^ him batt k’ in a place call’d Epiton, on tlieK. Harold’s 
 14 or Oftober 1066. When the Normans fight with 
 had given the fignal, the Encounter began with 
 flights of arrows from both armies, which held 
 or ome time; then, coming to a clofe Engage- 
 ment, t ey mamtain’d the battle a long while : 
 u \v eu the Englifli, with admirable courage 
 an ravery, had receiv’d the firft attack, they 
 were furioufiy charg’d by the Norman horfe. 
 n when thefe coud not make their way, 
 ley, as they had before agreed, retreated, but 
 
 kept 
 
209 
 
 SUT H-S EX. 
 
 210 
 
 HaH'mgs before mentioned, call’d in Saxon Hafiirgs. 
 Haj“nn5a-ceajTep, lies fomewhat higher, upon 
 the fame fhore. Some there are who ndicu- 
 loufly derive it from HaBe^ in our tongue; be- 
 cauie, as Matthew Paris writes. At HaBingSj 
 William the Conqueror haftily fet up a fortrefs of 
 timber. But it rather feems to have taken this 
 new name from HaBing the Danifli Pirate, Henry Hunt, 
 who, where he landed for booty, built fome-Hift.7.f.2xi. 
 times little fortreifes ; as we read in AJferius 
 Menevenjis, of Beamflote-CaBle built by him in 
 Elfex, and of others at Apkdore and Middleton 
 in Kent. Here, in the reign of King Athel- 
 flan, was a Mint. It is the chief of the Cinque- Cinque* 
 ports, which with it’s members Wincbelfea, Ryey Ports, 
 
 &c. was bound to find twenty one fhips for a- 
 
 ny naval Expedition. If you have a mind to 
 
 know in what form, botli this and the reft 
 
 were bound to ferve the King in his wars at 
 
 fea, for thofe ample immunities which they en- , 
 
 joy ; take it in the very words, wherein it was 
 
 anciently recorded in the King’s Exchequer. 
 
 Haftings, with it’s members, ought to find twenty 
 one fi}ips at the Kings fummons. And there ought 
 to he in every fi?ip twenty one men, able, fitly quali- 
 fied, well arm’d, and well furnifi) d for the King s 
 Jervice. Tei fo, that the fummons be made on the 
 Kinfs behalf forty days before. And when the afore- 
 
 kept their ranks. The Englifh, thinking they 
 fled, broke their ranks, and without any order, 
 purfu’d the enemy ; who rallying their forces, 
 charg’d afrefh on every fide; and, encompafling 
 them round, repuls’d them with a mighty 
 flaiighter : yet the Englifh, having got the high- 
 er ground, ftood it out a long time, till Ha- 
 rold himfelf was fhot thro’ with an arrow, and 
 fell down dead ; upon which they prefently 
 turn’d their backs, and betook themfelves to 
 flight- ; , 
 
 The Norman, exalted with this vidory, ere- 
 cted an Abbey in memory of the Battle and 
 Battle- dedicated it to St, Martin (w'hich he call’d Baty 
 tle-Abbey,) in that very place where Harojd, af- 
 ter many wounds, died inthemidft of his ene- 
 mies ; that it might be an eternal monument 
 of the Norman viiftory. About this Abbey, 
 there grew-np afterwards a town ot the fame 
 name ; or, to ufe the words of the private Hi- 
 ftor)'^, As the Abbey encreas’d, there were built a- 
 bout it one hundred and fifteen houfes, of which the 
 town of Battle confified. Wherein there is a place, 
 
 1 fcall’d by a French name Sangue-lac, trom the 
 
 Saegue a . jjjgd) which after a fliower of rain, 
 
 from the nature of the foil, feems to look red- 
 difti; and thereupon Guilielmm Neubrigenfis'^rot.<i 
 
 thus, but with little truth, ‘The place in winch _ ^ . . . . , 
 
 the-re was a very great flaughter of the EngUfl) figh- jaid fhips and men are come to the place whereunto 
 ting for their Country, if it happen to be wet with a they were fummond, they floall abide there in the 
 [mall (bower, fweats out real, and as it were frefh Kings fervke for fifeen days at their own proper 
 blcod ■ as if intended for a tefiimony, that the voice coBs and charges. And if .the KingfhaU have jur- 
 of fo much ChrijUan blood doth ftiU cry from the ther need of their fervke after the fifteen days afore- 
 eanh to the Lord. But William the Conqueror faid, or will have them (lay there any longer ; thofe 
 granted many and great privileges to this Ab- fioips, with the men, while they remain f here, fhall 
 bey Araongft others, to ufe the very words be in the Kings fe:vke, at the Ktngs cojis and 
 of the Charter, If any thief, or murderer, or per- charges, fo long as the King pleafes. The Mafter 
 (on guilty of other crime, fly for fear of death, fof each fhall have fixpence a day, and the 
 
 and tome to this Church; let him have no harm, but Conjlable fixpence a day, and every one of the refi three 
 be freely difmiked. Be it lawful alfo for the Abbot pence a day. a , 
 
 Ahifmi ^rchto deliver from the GaBowe my The whole Rape of together 
 
 thid' or robber wherefoever, if he chance to oome-bj, the Honour, was held by the Earls of Em m 
 
 at the execution. Normandy (defeended from a natural fon Ri- Earh of E>v. 
 
 Henry the iftlikewife (to give you the very chard i, Duke ot Normandy, ) till Henry 
 
 a on words of his Charter) a matte /« it the thirds time, when Ra/pi * IJJodun m 
 
 il f there on the Lori’s Day, free from all Duty mhatjo- France, marry d Alue, whofe pofterity loft a 
 
 filer But Anthony Vifeount Meuntague, who noble eftate in England, lecaufe ( as the 
 -Softid • not long fince built a beautilul houfe Lawyers then dehver d it ) ticy um 
 ann. 1607. there did lately, by authority of Parliament, 0/ Btanoi s Allegiance. lurthermo^, as 
 
 obtain to have the market chang’d to ano- there were certain Gentlemen in this Coun- 
 ther day. And as for the privilege of San- ty, at the beginning of the Norman times, 
 auary for thofe more heinous and grievous firnam’d de Hafhngs, one of whom Matthew 
 crimes; they are here, and every where de held the manour of 
 
 elfe abolifh’d by Aft of Parliament, For tenure, That he fhould find at this haven an ^ 
 
 they found, that the fear of punilhment being whenever the King would crojsthefeas ; fo die no-Edw. i. 
 once remov’d, men grew bold and defperate in ble family of the now ^rh of Hun- 
 
 wickediiefs; and that the hope of impunity was tmgdon, do enjoy this title of Hafltngs. tor 
 the greateft motive to it. Neither here, nor in King Edward 4. beftow dit, with certain Roy- 
 the neighbourhood, faw I any thing worth the altics, upon William Hafirngs his Chamberlain .William 
 AlHiarrhara notice, but only AJbburnham, which has given who is commended by Cominam, (or that, ha- Lord Ha- 
 A(hburnhara.no^^,^ a family as great antiquity as any ving receiv’d a yearly pe-nfion from Lewis xgftmgs. 
 in this traft. fOf this place and family, John the French King, he could not upon any terms 
 Alhburnham built here adiandfom Church with be prevailed w-ith, to give him an Acquittance 
 three Chancels ; whofe fon of the fame name under his hand. 
 
 was created Baron Afhburnham of Afhburn- 
 ham, in the year i68p. Here alfo is a noble 
 houfr of the hold Afhburnham, which, for ftately 
 buildings and convenient gardens, is faid to be 
 one of the beft in this County. North-eaft 
 Brccde, from hence, lies Ereede, the Court whereof is a 
 br.anch of that at Battle, and hath the fame 
 privilege and procefs. The Lands in the ma- 
 nour of Breede, tho’ in Suflex, defeend accord- 
 ing to the cuftom of Gavel-kind. Here is i 
 kind of Court kept every three weeks, where 
 Aftions between man and man are try’d ; and 
 rhe Officers are exempt from attending the Af- 
 fizes or Seflions.'l 
 
 I will in no cafe, faid he, that 
 
 my hand be feen among the accounts of the French 
 Kings Treafury. But this man, by finking 
 too deep into the friendftiip of Kings, ^over- 
 whelmed himfelf. For, whilft he deliver’d his 
 mind too freely in a private Conference with 
 the XJfurper Richard 3, he was uncxpeftedly 
 hurried away, and without tryal beheaded im- 
 mediately. fHe had, notwithftanding, an ho- 
 nourable Burial in Sc. George’s Oiapel at Wind- 
 for ; leaving iflue Edward Lord HaBings, his 
 fon ’and heir.l Nor muft we forget to take no- • 
 tice, that King Henry 5 . ennobled Hen. 6. 
 
 a worthy perlon (whom he had made Knight garon Hoo 
 of the barter) with the Title of Baron HooandHaftings-' 
 1 D d and 
 
21 1 
 
 R E G N I. 
 
 i! m 
 
 
 ilEi 
 
 hi E l; 
 
 III « 
 
 ■I Ih 
 
 h I'S 
 
 and HaBings ; « hofe daughters and heirs were 
 marry ’d to Geoffrey Bdlen (from whom by the 
 mother’s fide Qiiecn Elizabeth was defcended,) 
 to Reger Cofeley, John Carew, and John De-eenifi. 
 
 Thence the Ihore retires, into a winding 
 VUnchelrea. creek, within which &wis Winchelfea, fnot call- 
 ed Windchelfeum , ' as being expofed to the winds, 
 according to T'veines opinion ; but more truly 
 interpreted by Mr. Somner , vmterjjh fface feated 
 in a eoruer ; which exadly anfwers the lituation 
 of the place, lying at the corner of Kent and Suf- 
 fex. I It was built in the time of King Ed- 
 ward I, when a more ancient towm of the fame 
 name, in Saxon Wincely-ea, was fwallow’d-up 
 by the Sea, in a terrible tempeft, ann. izjo. 
 (at which time, the face of the earth both here, 
 and in the adj'oyning coaft of Kent, was much 
 alter’d.) It’s fituation I will fet before you in 
 the very words of Thomas Walfingham. Situate 
 it ii upon a very high hid, very fleep on that fide, 
 vthicb looks towards the fiea, or overlooks the Road 
 vsb'ere the Ships lie at Anchor. tVhence it is that 
 the way leading from that part to the haven, goes not 
 ftreight forward, left, it fijould by a fleep dej'cent 
 force thoje that go down to fail head-long, or them 
 that go up to creep on their hands, rather than walk : but 
 lyingjide-ways, it winds with many crooked turnings, 
 to ^ one fitde and the other. At firfl: it was inclos’d 
 with a rampart i and after, with a very firong 
 w-all : but as it began to flounfii, it was fuck’d 
 by the French and Spaniards ; and by the re- 
 tirement of thefea, fell to decay all on a fud- 
 den. fThe new town was endow’d with the 
 lame privileges that the old one had, namely, 
 thofe of the Cmque-ports, to which it belongs 
 M one of the ancient towns ; but the fea, which 
 before had fiwallowed-up the old Town, Ifft the 
 new, before it was quite finilhed. It Hill re- 
 tains that of fending two BurgelTes to Parlia- 
 ment, tho the Eledtors are very few ; the town 
 being molt mlferably decay’d by the lofs of it’s 
 market and trade. An argument whereof is, 
 that the grafs grows in the very ftreets ('tho' 
 
 ■HI vet Are “ "lakes 
 
 ■f4i- per Ann. the very herbage lometimes fconlidcrable. The 
 
 town abounded every where with fine flone- 
 Mchd Vaults, for bellowing of Merchants 
 Goods, during its flourifhing Hate. It feems 
 at firfl to have been built with admirable 
 Ttgularity, the flreets Handing all at right 
 angles, and divided into thirty two fquares 
 or tjuarters, as they are now call’d. The flone- 
 work of the three gates, is yet Handing. There 
 were anciently in it three Parilh-Churches, tho* 
 now there is only the chancel of the largeH re- 
 maining, which is the firefent Parifh-Church ■ 
 and in winch are the monuments of three 
 
 Emghts Temp/ars (as it feems, by their Ivina 
 crols-legg d in armour ; ) one of which 
 
 2i: 
 
 1 ) oneof which aye^“! 
 by the Arms, to have been of the family of Ox- 
 
 Seffparts ° 
 
 tpf^ro*ln“,‘’f’’ afforded the title of Coun- 
 tels to Elttcabeth wife to Sir Moyle Finch, and 
 daughter and heir to Sir rhomm nLage Knight 
 who was before created ViTcounteff of Maid- 
 hT Which titll 
 
 have defcended to her Poflerity 
 ■ fonicdiflance from WdWW/oi is Se/ficombe 
 wheie (as alfo in feveral places of this Coun- 
 ty ) are mineral-w'aters of the fame nature 
 with thofe at tunbridge, and altogether as 
 flrongly impregnated. I By the forefaid accident 
 at Winchelfea, and the benefit of the fea it’s 
 neighbour Rye began to llourifh,,, or rathe’r to 
 reflourifli ifor thatitflourifh’d.in ancient times 
 S that «A/Wi„,of Ipres Earl of Kent forth 
 
 Jpres 1 ower. fy d it, Ipres Tower and the immunities and pri - 1 
 
 Selfeombe. 
 
 
 vileges that it had in common with the Cinn,,,^ 
 
 Ports, do fufficiently fhew. But either byma- 
 fon of the Vicinity of Winchelfiea, or the recefs 
 of the Sea ; it was mconiiderable for a long 
 time. But when Winchelfiea decay’d, and King 
 Edward 3 . wall d it about, it began to reco? 
 ver ; and within the memory of | the laft ae 
 the Ocean, to make full amends for the ini,™ H 
 It had done (being fwell’d with an extrLrdi^’™' 
 nary tempefl,) broke-in fo violently, and with 
 fuel, advantage, that it made a very convenie, 
 
 Port, which another Tempeft in our own age 
 did not a little improve. Since when, it has 
 greatly flourifli d, in Inhabitants, buildings 
 hilling and navigation ; and is now the uftal 
 pallage from hence to Normandy. But as to 
 It s name, whether ft took it from Rive, a Nor 
 man word, which fignifies a Bank. I cannot fay 
 let fince in the Records it is very often call’d 
 in Latin Rtpa, and they who bring fifii 
 thence are termed I rathe? i„cli„e t”„. . 
 
 this original, and fiiou’d incline yet more, if the 
 French ns d this word for njhore, as Pliny does 
 Rtpa. fNcm Rye, in the pariHl of Eafl-Guildfiord „ 
 
 (which is the utmoft bounds of Sulfex eaHward 
 IS a peculiar way of Tithing their m.arlh-lani^ 
 whereby they pay only 3 d. per Acre to the Re- 
 Sor, while inpafture; but if plough’d, jil 
 Into Rye-haven, the river Rother or Rahertr „ 
 
 feld (tor fo the old Englift call the town, which 
 
 Bargherff, winch had it’s Lords of that firname • 
 amonglt whom, was Banholomev) de Burowafh aJ*®? 
 mighty man in his time, who having appiWd '®' 
 
 himfelt, in the moll folemn Embaffies, and m the 
 wars in Aquitain, to be a perfon of great 
 
 prudence imd undaunted valour, was creafed a 
 Baron of England, and admitted into the Or- 
 dcr of the Garter at the very firfl Inftitution 
 ammgft the Founde-rs, and was made Conftable 
 of Dover-Calile and Warden of the Cinoiie- 
 Ports. And Ins fon of the lame Chriftian name, 
 no vvay degenerating from his father’s Virtues 
 liv dm great Iplendor and honour, but left onl? 
 one daughter, who was marry’d into the fami- 
 \y oi Le Defipencer ■, borer whom are defcended 
 
 ?a?^ T/ ; t thistSofaid, 
 
 day. ^ Echtngham, next adjoyning, had alfo a B.a-“". tiff 
 
 WillZ 7 f a, namely, 
 
 ftdtam de Eclnngham ; whofe anceflors wereB„„„E 
 
 bv w' , Bd”he Inheritance cl, TnghL 
 
 by heirs females came at laft to the Barons of* SeW 
 mndfior, mid the Firwhitts. Then the Rother 
 dividing It s waters into three chanels naflbs 
 rv reign of Hen- Roberts. 
 
 rJ fouuded a Afonafte-lfMs'otRo- 
 
 ry, fcalled St. Marys of Roberts-bridge, and of?"i,"-?' 
 the Ciflercian Order. That part of it which is 
 
 KSJf^n 7 ^ “ ^ =Bodla. 
 
 the Dalegr^s, faflsfitVdieTef'"’ 
 
 I have done with the fea-coaft of Suffex As 
 for the inner-parts, there is nothing wmh tt 
 
 7efl '[-(UOT Kr'fro ri,7«il7s.uLrTT7t Awoid Fo. 
 reyf. Knot fer from whence, to the north, is roll. 
 
 c * I • . to the north, is 
 
 John Earl of r iecond ronof’'-'*;"' 
 
 Kmbv rf r “ "'■“"-■d d Baron of this 
 
 Foredanl . oflfield)! Wordyj„a 
 
 hurffctct77oUh. lies Buck- AMom. 
 
 vih- nf «ri • 1 of the,S', 2 Ci^-BaronBuck- 
 
 of wind), Queen Eli^ahth ^dv^ned 
 
 
213 
 
 SUTH-RE T. 
 
 mas Sackvih a Gentlemnn of great wifdom, to 
 be Baron of Buckhurfi, took him into her Pri- 
 vy Council, and made him Knight of the Garter, 
 and Lord I'reaiurer ot England ; whom alfo 
 King James fthe created Earl ot\Po>fe^ j ) 
 then fVaterdown-Forefi, and tliat of Dallington, 
 which is the leaft ot aU 
 
 Earls of Suf’ Suflex had five Earls of the family of D'Au- 
 fcx, See the leneyi who were iikewife called Earls of Arun- 
 William D'Auheney., 
 
 ' fon of William, Butler to King Henry i, and 
 Lord of Buckenham in Norfolk, who gave for his 
 Arms GuleS) a Lion rampant Ovy and was call’d 
 fometimes Earl of Arurrdcl, and fometimes Earl 
 ^Sedes prxci-Q^ Chichefter, becaufe in thofe places he kept f his 
 fuas. chief refidence. He liad by Adelina (daughter 
 of Gadjrey Barbatus Duke of Lorraiii and Bra- 
 bant, Quc.en Dowager to King Henry i.) Wil- 
 liam thefecond Earl of Suffer and Arundel, Fa- 
 ther ot William the third Earl j to whom Ma- 
 hily filler and one of the heirs of the lall Ra- 
 nulph Earl of Cheller, bore William the 4'^ 
 Earl, and Hugh the 5 Earl, who both died 
 without iflue ; and alfo four Daughters, mar- 
 ried to Robert Lord of T'atefhally John FitzrA- 
 lan, Roger de Somery^ and Robert de Mount- 
 hault. Afterwards, the title of Arundel was 
 reviv’d, as I fiid before, in the Fitz^-Alans. Bur 
 that of Sujfex lay, as it were forgotten and loft, 
 
 * Ann. 1607. to our * age ; which hath feen five Ratcliffs, 
 defcended from the moft noble houfe of theD'tx.- 
 
 214 
 
 Walters (who derive their pedigree from the 
 Clares') ^ bearing that honour ; viz. Robert created 
 Earl of Sullex by King Henry 8 j who married 21 Henr;» i 
 Elizabeth daughter of Henry Stafford, Duke of 
 Buckingham, by whom he had Henry, the fecond 
 Earl j to whom Elizabeth daughter of Thomas 
 Howard Duke of Norfolk bore Thomas ; who 
 was Lord _ Chamberlain to Queen Elizabethi 
 and dy d without ilftie ; a Heroe of great worth 
 and honour, in w'hom w'ere joyn’d the wifdom 
 ot a Statefman, and the courage of a Soldier, 
 as both England and Ireland had feafon to ac-^ 
 knowdedge. Henry his brother fucceeded him ,• 
 and after Henry, his only fon, an honour- 
 
 able young Gentleman ; fwho dying 5 Car. 1. 
 left the title of Earl of Suffex to his fon Edward; 
 but he having no ifiiie, the family of the Rat- 
 cliffs Earls of Suflex ended in him, and that ti- 
 tle was confer’d on the 25'^ of May i<?44, up- 
 ' on Thomas Lord Savil of PontfraSi, and was af- 
 terwards enjoy’d by James his fon, who dy’d 
 without iflue. Upon which, ‘thomas Leonard, 
 
 Lord Dacres of Gillijland, An. 1574, had this ho- 
 nour confer’d upon him. By whofe death the 
 Honour being again extindl, hath been confer’d 
 by King George upon T'albot Telverton, who was 
 before dignified with the Honourable Titles of 
 Vifeount Longuevilie, and Baron Grey of Ru- 
 then.1 
 
 'This County contains 312 Parijhes. 
 
 ^0 much for Svi&x.; which, together withSxxrxey, was the feat o/r/;rRegni ; and afto-wards, theKing- 
 f The king- dom of the South-Saxons, called in Saxon f 6 u 5 -yeaxan-pic, which in the 3 i years after the coming- 1 The true 
 domof^thejK 0/ the Saxons, was begun by AElla, who, according to Bede, “ Firfi among the Kings of the Enghff '■fading is 
 South-Sax. « fffation, ruled all the jouthern Provinces, which are fever’d by the Rive-,- Humber, and the adjacent //_ 
 mits!’ The firfi Chriflia-n King was EdibftoXch, baptized in the prefence of King ff Mercia, 
 
 his Godfather, who gave him in token of adoption two Provinces, namely, the l]le’ofVH^hx.,andthe Province 
 of the Meanvari. But in the 3 06* year from the beginning of this Kingdom, upon Aldinius the lafi 
 Kings being fain by Ina, it came wholly under the Dominion of the Wefi-Saxons. 
 
 More rare BUnts growing wild in Suffex. 
 
 Alyffon Germanicum echioides Lob. Buglof- 
 fum fylveftre caulibus procumbentibus C. B. Bo- 
 rago minor fylveftris Park. Cynoglofla forte ro- 
 piaria Plinii & Echium lappulatum quibufdam 
 5 ^. B. Aparine major Plinii Ger. Small wild 
 Buglofs, by feme great Goofe-grafs and German Mud- 
 won. Found by Boxley in this County. 
 
 Chamxdrys fpuria foliis pediculis oblongis 
 infidentibus. An chamxdryi fpuria afiinis ro- 
 tundifolia fcutellata C. B ? Alyfl'on Diofeoridis 
 montanum. Col. Wild or baflard Germander with 
 leaves funding on longfoot-fialks. In moifi woods and 
 hedges. / obfei-ved it firfi at Cockfield in Suffex. 
 
 Filix faxatilis ramofa maritima noftras. Fi- 
 lix faxatilis crifpa Parkinfoni D. Merret Pin. 
 Small-branched Stone-fem- J obferved this firfi grow- 
 ing on the rocks by the fea-fide in this County, where 
 it was fometimes doffed with the fea-water. , 
 
 Foeniculura vulgare. Common Fennel or Finckle. 
 Obferved by Mr. Thomas Willifell to grow plentifully 
 at the wefi-end of Pemfey-marff. 
 
 Lathyri majoris fpecies flore rubente & albi- 
 do rainore dumetorum, five Germanicus J. B. 
 lylveftris Dod. angufiifdlius Clufii ex fententia 
 f. B. fylv. major C. B. fylv. Dodonsei Park. The 
 other great wild Lathyrus or Peafe-everlafiing. 1 
 found this firfi near Poynings a village on the Downs 
 of Suffex. Since, Mr. Dale hath found it in 
 Effex. 
 
 Oenanthe Cicuts facie Lobelii Park. Chsre- 
 phylli foliis C. B. Succo virofo, Cicutx facie 
 Lobelio J. B. Filipendula Cicutas facie Ger. 
 Hemlock Drop-wort. Frequent in watery ditches and 
 rivulets in his Country. 
 
 Peucedanum Ger. vulgare Park. Germanicum 
 C. B. Minus Germanicum J- B. Hogs-Fennel, 
 SldpbuY-wQYt, Hare-fir(mg> In the marff ditches 
 about Sboreham. 
 
215 
 
 2l6 
 
 * Suhlefla 
 fide agerc. 
 
 * Rumney 
 niar/h. 
 
 Flm. 1 . 15 . 
 c. 25. 
 Cherries 
 brought in- 
 to Britain, 
 about the 
 year of 
 Chrilt 48. 
 ■f In quincun- 
 ftm 
 
 3MMM 
 
 qpqpqpqpqpqp-5P^^pqpqpqpqp‘qp£^/qp‘Qpqpqpqpqpgpqpqp‘qpqp‘qpqpqp'gp 
 
 C A N T I U M. 
 
 A M now oojno to Kent ; a Country 3 winch William Lambard, a perfoh emi- 
 nent for Learning and piety, has defcril/d fo much to the life in a complete Volume, 
 and who has withal been fo happy in his fearches ; that he has left uery little 
 for thofe that come after him. Tet in purfuance of my intended method, IwiPfur- 
 •uey this among the refl ■, and left {as the Comedian fays) any one jhould fufpetl 
 me of Plagiarifm, or Injincerity, 1 here gratefully acknowledge, that his IVork 
 is my Foundation. 
 
 Lime has nM yet depriv d this Country of it’s ancient name i hut as Ciefar,carm eor-' 
 Strabo, Diodorus Siculus, Ptolemy, and others, call it Cantium ; fo the Sixoiwrnptly’ read 
 (<ij Nitmius tells us) nam’d it Canc-guap-lantO, i. e. the country of Men inhabitino Kent; and'”'. K»l"tas 
 toe Hou), Kent. Lambard derives this name from Cows, fignifying in Britifh a gteeli’ leaf, becaufe^'“'’^‘”' 
 
 . it was formerly much fiaded with woods. But for my part (if / may be allow’d the liberty of a conje- 
 Bure,) when I obferve that, here, Britain jhoots out into a large corner eaftward, and do further take 
 notice, that fuch a corner in Scotland is call’d Cantir, that the inhabitants alfo of another corner in that 
 part of the Ifland are by Ptolemy call’d Cant*, and that the Cangani were pojfefs’d of another corner in 
 IVales, (mt to mention the Ctmtihri, inhabiting a cormt: among the Cehibenons, who as they had t&||From 
 fame original, Jo did theyfpeak the fame language with our Britains ; ) upon thefe grounds, I jbould guefsn'otoce in 
 It to have had that name from the fituation. And the rather, becaufe our French have us’d || Canton 
 fn a corner, borrowing it, probably, from the ancient language of the Gaules (for it is neither from thet’TJX'- 
 German nor Latin-, which two, together with that ancient one, are the only ingredients of our modern French ;) niche cm!- 
 as aljo becaufe this County is call d Angulus, or a comer, by all the old Geographers. For it faces France “1 dchcHd- 
 with a large corner, furrounded on evety fide by the JEfua-ry of Thames and the Ocea-n, except to tie toe«. 
 wha-e It borders upon Surrey; and upon part of Suffex, to the fouth. I Whether the of KerodoW.Kh C- 
 
 are the Cantu of Cafar and our Kentijh-men, as fane have thought, I fhall mt take upon me to de-tms, is if ‘ 
 hermine.^ ■ „„„ 
 
 fajf, Corneri. 
 
 KENT. 
 
 HIS Country, which we now 
 call Kent, is not- altogether u- 
 niform : to the weft it is more 
 plain, and fliaded with woods j 
 but to the eaft, rifes with hills 
 of an eafie afeent. The In- 
 habitants, according to it’s fi- 
 tuation, from the Thames fouthward, diftin- 
 guifh it into three p/ots or portions they call 
 them Degrees the «/-/-er,lying-upon the Thames, 
 they look upon to be healthy, but not altoge- 
 ther fo rich i the middle, to be both healthy and 
 nch ; the lovser, to be rich, but withal un- 
 healthy, * becaufe of the wet marfhy Soil in 
 moft parts of it : it is, however, very fruitful 
 in grafs. As for good 'meadow's, paftures, and 
 corn-fields, ^ it has thefe in moft places, and a- 
 , bounds with apples beyond meafure i as alfo 
 with cherries, which were brought out of Pon- 
 ms into Italy, 58 o years after the building of 
 Rome j and 120 years afterwards, into Bri- 
 tain. They thrive exceeding well in thofe parts, 
 and take up great quantities of ground, making 
 a very pleafant fhow byreafon f they are plant- 
 ed Iquare, and ftand one againft another, 
 which way foever you look. It is very thick- 
 fet with villages and towns, and lias -pretty fafe 
 harbours, with fome veins of iron : but the 
 air is a little thick and foggy, becaufe of the 
 vapours rifing out of the waters. The Inha- 
 
 t 
 
 bitants at this day may juftly claim that com- 
 mendation for humanity, wliich Cxfar beftow’d 
 upon thofe in his time j not to mention their 
 bravery in war, w hich a certain Monk hasob- 
 ferv d to be fo very eminent in the Kentifh- The warli! 
 men, that in their engagements among the 
 of the Englifh, the front of the battle was*^'”^'"”"’* 
 look d upon to belong properly to them, as to 
 
 fo many ■ Triarii ; fw'ho, among the Romans, we 
 
 were always the ftrongeft men, and upon whom 
 the ftrefs of the Battle lay .1 This is confirm’d Rom. 
 by John of Salisbury in his Polycraticon- As a 
 r^ard (fays he) of that Jignal courage which our 
 Kent, with great might andfleadinefs,fhevj d againjl 
 the Danes, they do to this day lay claim to the ho- 
 nour of the firfi Ranks, and the firfl Charge in all 
 Engagements. ^ And Malmesbury too has written 
 ^us in their praife. Tfhe country people and the 
 CtttZaens m Kent, retain the fpirit of that ancient 
 nobiUty, ^ove the refl of the Englifh ■> being more 
 rea y to afford refpeEi and kind entertainment to others, 
 and lejs inclinable to revenge injuries. 
 
 Caf^ {to fpeak fomething by way ofPi'e-Juli' 
 
 ^ come to the places themfelves) in 
 IS >lt attempt upon our Ifiand, arriv’d on this 
 coalt 5 and, the Kentilh Britains oppofing his 
 an mg, there W'as a hot difpute, before he got 
 to ore. In his fecond Expedition alfo, he 
 landed his army here i and the Britains, with 
 t eir horfe and their | chariots, receiv’d him f ElTedI; 
 
 W'armly 
 
 Cs(i 
 
ti8 
 
 on. SaX; 
 830. 
 
 on. Mail* 
 p. I 42 i 
 
 irel-kirid,- 
 
 5omner 
 
 ivelkind, 
 
 sef. Scp.63. 
 
 ord War- 
 5n of the 
 Ports. 
 
 cc in Suflex. 
 
 Sx incolis 
 >ui Baronum 
 •omine ^au- 
 ent. 
 
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 MiMrv 
 
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 -p'P‘y 
 
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 f-'^rcliVi’-'^ Cafztium 
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 Aftiford 
 
 
 
 
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* Sablejie 
 fiie a£ere 
 
 * Rumnej 
 niarlb. 
 
 Tlh. 1. 1 
 
 C. 2^ 
 
 Cherries 
 hroughc j 
 to Britain 
 about the 
 year of 
 Chrirt 4§ 
 ■f In ^uincu 
 cem dire^a 
 
Jiomi'ii 
 
 Bfiini” 
 
 t Reguli. 
 
 Calc. Ltlt. 
 
 wsrmly at the river Stour ; but being quickly 
 repuls'd by the Romans, they retir’d into the 
 woods. Afterwards, they had fome hot skir- 
 niilhes with the Roman Cavalry in their march ; 
 but ftill the Romans were upon all accounts 
 too h-ard for them. Some time after, they at- 
 tack’d the Romans again, broke through the 
 midft of them, and, having Rain Lal/erius Du- 
 nii a Tribune, made a fafe retreat, and next 
 Seettegt"'- dayVurpris’d the forragers, 6-c all which I have 
 ,il part, an- before related out of Cxfar. At this time. Cyn- 
 ic, the title Carmlim, T'aximagulm, and Segonax, Were 
 
 in of Kent, whom he therefore calls 
 
 ^inp, becaufe he would be thought to have 
 conquer’d Kings ; whereas they were really no 
 more than * Lords of the Country, or Noble- 
 men of the better fort. After the Roman go- 
 vernment was eftaUilll’d here, Kent was under 
 the Governour of Britannia Prima. But the 
 fea-coaft, which they term’d Littus Saxoniam, 
 or the Saxon fmre, had (like the oppolite fhore, 
 trom the Rhine to Xantoigne) a pecuhiir^ Go- 
 vernour from the time of Dioclefian, call d by 
 Count of the Marccllinus, Count of the Sm-toaji, and by the 
 Saxon filore. honourabhythe Comit oj tJ?e Saxnn-Jhore 
 
 Jf.iiiA Britain ; whofc particular bulinefs it was, to 
 
 fix garriibns upon the fea-coaft in places conve- 
 nient, to prevent the plunders of the Barbari- 
 ans, efpecially the Saxons, who heavily infe- 
 fted Britain ; fro which end, he had under him 
 two thoufand two hundred foot and horfe. I He 
 was under the command of the llluHrious-, the 
 MaHer of the foot, whom they ftil’d Prafeutalis, 
 rffrom his conftant Prefence in the Army,)l 
 and who, befides the particuLat garrifons for the 
 ports, did put under him the FiBcres Juniores 
 ■ Britannkiani, the Primani Jtinicres, and the Semn- 
 dani funiores (thefe are the names of lo many 
 Companies,) to be in readinefs upon all occali- 
 ons His ogtee or Court he had in this man-- 
 ner ; Primifem ex officio Magiftri frafentalium a 
 parte peditum, Numemrios duos, Comnuntanenjem, 
 Comkularium, Adjutorem, Sabaijuvam, Regenda- 
 ritm, Exceptores, Singulam, Siz. i. e. KPrmapal 
 or Mafler out of the Maften or Generals rela- 
 ting to the foot, two Accountants, Koiie tor the 
 Emperor’s Gifts, another of his Privy purfe; )1 
 a Gaoler, a fudge-Advocate fw'ho wrote and pub- 
 liftled the Sentences of the Maglftrates, and 
 was called Cornicularius, from a Horn, by the 
 w inding of w hich he commanded Silence in the 
 Court,! an AffiBant fto * officiate in cafe of the 
 abfence or infirmity of the proper Officer,! .an 
 Under-Affislant, a Regifier, the partiailar Re- 
 ceivers, I fuch as kept the Accounts of the Ar- 
 my, belonging to the Pay-Office; from W'hich 
 the Singulares feem to be different, and to fig- 
 nify fome particular and fingular Employments, 
 as Informers,&cct. To which, the Notitiaadds, & 
 reliquos Officiales, i. e. all the Under-Oflicers,eirt.! 
 And I no ^vay doubt, but it was in mutation 
 of this method of the Romans, that our Ance- 
 ftors fet over this coaft a Governour or Portrevey 
 Warden of commonly call’d M^arienof tie Cinque-Perti, be- 
 the Cinque- caufe, as the Count of the Saxoii-fhore prefi- 
 ports. over nine, fo does he over five ports. 
 
 Kent deli- But after the Romans had quitted Britain 
 ver’d totheVortigern who had the Government of the 
 Saxons, greateft part of it, fet over Kent a Guorong, l- e, 
 a Vice-Roy or Free-man ; without whofc know- 
 ledge, he frankly beftow’d this Country ( as 
 Ninnius, and Malmesbury have it) upon Hen- 
 gift the Saxon, oil the account of his daughter 
 Rmoenna fas is generally faidl with whom he 
 w'as paffionately in love. TBut the Saxon Chro- 
 nicle (which fays nothing of that Rmenna) fhews 
 us, that Hengift rather got it by force of arms, 
 having worfted Vortigern in two pitch’d bat- 
 
 * Brady, 
 Pr$r. & 
 
 p.41. 
 
 ties : one, at Aylesford ; and the other at Cray- 
 fordy where he kilfd four thoufand Britains, 
 and put the rell to tiight.l Thus was the firft 
 kingdom of the Saxons fettled in Britain, in 
 the year of Chrift45i5, call’d by them Can-pa- 
 pa-pyc, i. e. the kingdom of the Kentifj-men ; which, 
 after three hundred and twenty years, upon 
 Baldred the Jaft King’s being conquer’d, came 
 under the jurifdidion of the Weft-Saxons, and 
 continu’d fo till the Norman Conqueft: f(al- Chron. Sa*; 
 though indeed Baldrcd’s leaving that kingdom 830. _ 
 to his foil ^thelflan, feems to imply that he Chron. Mail- 
 r ■ 1 5j II ros, p. 142. 
 
 was not 10 entirely conquer d, as to be the very 
 
 laft King of this Country.)! 
 
 At the Norman Conqueft (if we may believe 
 T’homas Spot the Monk, no ancient Writer faying 
 any thing of it,) the Kcmilh-mcn, carrying 
 boughs before them, furrender’d themfclves to 
 William the Conqueror at Swanefcombe (a fmall 
 village, where they tell us that Suene the Dane 
 had formerly encamp’d,) upon condition, that 
 they might have the Cuftoras of their Country 
 .preferv’d entire ; that efpecially, which they ^ . 
 
 call Gavel-kind. By which, all lands of that Gavel-kindi 
 nature, are divided among the males by equal 
 portions ; or, in default of iifue-male, among 
 the females. By this, they enter upon the e- 
 ftate at fifteen years of age, and have power to 
 make it over to any one, either by gift or fale, 
 without conlent of th. Lord. By the fame, 
 the fons lucceed to this lort of lands, though 
 .tlieir parents be fentenced for theft, &c. So 
 that x\hatwe find in an ancient Book, is very 
 true, tho’ not elegantly w.ritccn : The County of 
 Kent urgesy that that County ought of right to beex-^ 
 empt from any jucb buYtheUy becauje it afirms that 
 their Count) voas never Conquer’d as voas the refl 
 of England, but furrender’d it felf to the Con<yueror s 
 power upon Articles of agreementy by which it was 
 provided that they JJmId enjoy nil their liberties and 
 free cujloms which they then had, and us’d. FThe 
 foregoing relation is oppos’d by f Mr. Somner \ Somner 
 and others, and yet it muft be confefs’d to have Gavelkind, 
 fome remains in their prefent Conftitucion.Pfsf* P- J* 
 And whoever oppofes it, will be obliged to find 
 fome other fair account, how they in particular 
 come to retain thatcuftom of Gavelkind) which 
 once prevail’d all over Britain, as it does ftill 
 in ibmc parts of Wales ? and why the Heirs 
 paitkularly in Kent, luccced to the Inheritance, 
 though their Father iuifer for felony or mur- 
 
 der ? 1 r 1 r 
 
 William the Conqueror afterwards, to le- 
 cure Kent, which is look’d upon to be the Key 
 of England, fet a Conflable over Dover -caftle j 
 and conllicutcd the fame Perfon (in imitation^ 
 of the ancient Roman cuftom) Governour ot: 
 five ports, ftiling him Warden of the Cinque-ports, r^ord War- 
 Thofe are Hujlings, Dover, Hitb, Rumney and den of the 
 Sandwich ; to which Winchelfey and Rie are ad- $ o^ts. 
 ded as Prinapals, and fome other little towns as 
 members only. And becaufe they are obhg d to 
 ferve in the wars by fea, they enjoy many and 
 large immunities: For inftance, from payment _ 
 oi Subfidics, and from Wardihip of their chil-S« m SufTex. 
 dren as to body f(while that continu’d a Law 
 in England; )! as alfo not to be fu’d in any ^ 
 Courts but ^^ithin their own town. Andt/iich 
 of their inhabitants as have tne name ot lia- 
 tons do, at the Coronation of the Kings 
 Queens of England, fupport the Canopy, and 
 for that day have their table fpread and to- 
 ■niOi’dupon the King’s right hand, CTc. Andthe 
 Lord Warden himft-lf, who isalwajs fome one 
 of the Nobility of approv’d loyalty, has ^vlch- 
 in his jurifdiaion, in feveral cafes, the authority 
 of Admiral, and other privileges. But now let 
 us come to the Places. , 
 
2rp 
 
 C A NT IV M. 
 
 220 
 
 The Thames^ the chief of all the Britifh ri- 
 vers, runs (as 1 oblerv’d juft now) along the 
 north part of this County j which, leaving Sur- 
 rey, and by a winding courfe alhioft returning 
 to the Chanel above, freceives the river Rxi- 
 Ravcnsbourn,'yf’HJ-^o«)-K. Upon this river, there yet remains a 
 riv'. large lortificr.tion, the area whereof is enclos’d 
 
 with treble rampires and ditches of a vaft height 
 and depth, near two miles in circuit ; which 
 mvift certainly have been the work of many 
 *rhilpot’s hands, but of whofe, is uncertain. Some 
 Villare would have it to be the Camp which C^rfar made. 
 C;inc.p.203. the Britains gave him the laft battle, with 
 their united forces, juft before he paft the 
 T’hames in purfuit of Cajjivdaun. But it is not 
 probable, either that Ctefar had time to caft-up 
 luch a w'ork, or that he W’ould not have men- 
 tion’d a thing fo confidcrable, in his Commen- 
 taries. Much more likely is it (if at all the 
 work of the Romans) to have been done fome 
 time after, when they had reduc’d the Nation 
 into a Province, and made them ftations at cer- 
 tain diftances lor the better quartering their 
 Armies and ( to offer a Conjecture) this pof- 
 libly is what remains of the old Noviomagus, 
 which feems to be hereabouts, betwixt London 
 and Maidfione. It is indeed a little too far di- 
 ftant from London, and lo likewife from Maid- 
 fione, the old Vagniaca (the ftations on each hand 
 of it; ) being about twelve miles from London 
 in a ftraight line, and twenty at leaft from Maid- 
 fione ; whereas in the Itinerary it is but ten, and 
 Woodcot. eighteen. But fo alfo is Woodcot in Surrey, 
 II See Cam- H ^vhere Noviomagushoxh been placed ; for tho’ 
 deninSur- that be but ten miles from London, as the Itine- 
 rey. y^yy fets it, it IS at leaft thirty from Maidfione. 
 
 And this opinion of it’s being here, is favour’d 
 f Antiq.Cant.f)oth by f Mr. Somner,CL'AdoMX * learned Bifliop 
 
 * Ori Brit conclude from the courfe of 
 
 p. 6 i, ‘ Itinerary, that it muft necellarily be fome- 
 
 where in Kent. But yet Dr. Gale, in his late 
 Learned Comment on the Itinerary, continues 
 it at Woodcot ; upon thr.t exadt diftance of ten 
 miles from London. 
 
 Somewhat lower, near the fame River, lies 
 Bromley. Broiiiley, remarkable not only for the Bifhop of 
 Rochefiers Palace, but tor a College or Hofpital 
 Stat.22Car. eredfed there, in the reign of King Charles 2, 
 2- r. 15. by Dr. yohn Warner, Billiop Roihefie^',iov the 
 maintenance of twenty poor MiniRers nidovss, 
 ^^■ith the allowance cf twenty pounds per Ann. 
 to each, and fifty to their Chaplain ; which is 
 the firft of this kind th.at was ever erefted in 
 England ; and w^as the Pattern whereby George 
 Morley Bifliop cf IVincheffer, and Seth Ward Bi- 
 fliop cf Salisbury, did both proceed, in the like 
 Endowment at their relpeccive d'ccj. Near the 
 place where Ravensbourn falls into the Thames,! 
 Uepford. jt fees Depford, a moft noted Dock, where the 
 Royal Navy is built, and repair’d : There is 
 alfo fettled a famous Store-houfe ; [and the 
 whole area of the Yard, is now widened to 
 more than double what it formerly was, with a 
 wet dock, of two Acres, for Ships, , and ano- ‘ 
 ther of an Acre and half for Mafts ; bclides 
 an Enlargement of it’s Store-houfes, Dwel- 
 iing-houfes. Launches, 6't. fuitable thereto, 
 and to the greatnefs of the prefent Ser- 
 vice.! Here is a fettled Corporation, fomething 
 
 * Holy Tri- like a * College, for the purpofes of the Nav^ 
 miyhoufc. fome have faid ; but more truly, for the 
 
 ufe of the Seamen. For by a Grant, 4 Hen- 
 ry 8, made to the Ship-men and Mariners cf 
 tills Realm, they w-'ere enabled to begin (to the ' 
 honour of the Biefled I'rinity and S. Clement) 
 a Guild or Brotherhood Perpetual concerning the 
 Cra.fi or Cunning of Mariners, and tor the in- 
 creafe and augmentation of the Ships thereof ; 
 
 'lamignot. 
 
 which, as the body Corporate of tlie Seamen 
 of England, ftili continues (and this the Seat 
 of it,) under the ftile of the Trinity-houfe of 
 Depford Strond ; but without the leaft fliare, 
 either of I'ruft or Authority, in the Navy Royals 
 
 It was formerly call’d Wefi Greenwich, and up- 
 on the Conqueft of England fell to the fliare of 
 Giflcbert de Mumignot, a Norman f Baron; !Mai 
 whofe grandchild by a fon, Walkelin by name, 
 r(and Lord Warden of the Cinque-Ports)! de- 
 fended Dover-caftle againft King Stephen ; 
 for (as Mr. Lambard reporteth it) delivered it to 
 him, and for that reafon, after the King’s death, Peramb 
 abandoned the charge, and fled into Norman-p. n-;. * 
 dy.! He left behind him one only lifter, who, 
 upon the death of her brother, brought by 
 marriage a large eftate, call’d the Honour of 
 Mamtgmt, into the family of the Says ; ffroni 
 whom it receiv’d the name of Sayes-Coun, c, . p 
 which it ftili retains, tho’ now enjoy’d by the 
 ancient family of the Evelyns?. 
 
 From hence the Thames goes to Grenovkum, 
 commonly Greenwich, i. e. the green creak (fotQj.ggj,j^j^[j 
 the creak cf a river is call’d in German Wir,) 
 formerly noted for being the harbour of the 
 Danifli -fleet, and for the cruelty that that peo- 
 ple exercis’d upon Ealpheg Archbifliop of Can- 
 terbury (wiiomthey put ' to death, by moft ex- 
 quifite torments, iiithe year 1012.) His death, 
 and the occalion cf it, Ditmarus Merfepurgim, 
 who liv’d about that time, has thus deferio’d, 
 in the eighth book of his Chronicle. By the rela- 
 tion oj Sewald, I catne to know a very tragical, and 
 therefore memorable all : How a treacherous company 
 of I Northern-men, whofe Captain Tiiurkil now iSiL^fonbrnan. 
 feiz^ed upon that excellent Archbijbop of Canterbury, 
 
 Ealpheg, with others ; and, according to their the Danes. 
 barous treatment, fetter'd him, and put him to the 
 extremities oj famine, and other unfpeakable pains. 
 
 He, overpower'd by human frailty, promifes them 
 money, fixing a time againfl which he would procure 
 it ; that, ij within that time no acceptable ranfom 
 offer'd it Jelf whereby he might efcape a momentary 
 death, he might however purge himfelf by freciuent 
 gi'oans, to be offer'd a lively fucrifice to the Lord. 
 
 When the time appointed was come, this greedy gulf of 
 Pirates call forth the fervant of the Lord, and with 
 many threatenings prefently demand the tribute which 
 he had promis'd. His anfwer was. Here am I like 
 a meek lamb, ready to undergo all things, for the 
 love of Chrifi, which you fball prefujne to injliti up- 
 on me ; that I may be thought worthy of being an 
 example to his fervants. This day, I am no way di- 
 fiurb'd. As to my feeming to deceive you, it was 
 
 not my own will, but the extremity of want that forc'd 
 
 me to it. ’Thi^ hnl.V nl mivie .I-J p//- Exillo. 
 
 me to it. 'This body of mine, which in this '' 
 grimage I have lov'd but too much, I furrender to 
 you as a criminal ; and 1 hiow it is in your power 
 to do with it what you pleafe : but my f.nful foJ, 
 over which you have no power, I humbly commend to 
 the Creator of all things. While he fpake thefe things, 
 a troop of profane villains encompajsd him, and got 
 together fe‘ue-ral Jorts of weapons to difpatch him. 
 
 Which when their Captain Thurkil perceiv'd at 
 fome difiance, he run to them in all hafie, crying, I 
 ' defire you will not by any means do this ; I freely di- 
 vide among you my gold,ftlver, and whatever I have 
 or can procure (except the fioip only,) on condition you 
 do not offend againfi the Lord's || Anointed. But this y ChriSum. 
 ffir language did not foften the unbridled anger of his 
 fellows ; harder than iron and rocks, and not to be 
 appeas'd but by the effufion of innocent blood, which 
 they prefently and unanimoufiy fpilt, by pouring upon 
 him Ox-heads, and fhowers of fiones and fiicks. This 
 place * was famous for a Royal feat, which 
 was built by Humfrey Duke of Glocefter, and 
 
 call’d by him Placentia. King Henry 7. very Placentia. 
 
 much enlarg’d it, added a fmsil houfe of Fri- 
 
221 
 
 KENT. 
 
 222 
 
 firs Mendicants, and finifli d that tower, begun 
 by Duke Humjrey on the top of a high hill, 
 irom which there is a moh pleafant profpect 
 down to the winding river, and the green mea- 
 dows. It was ffinifli’d by King Henry the 8'’^; 
 and afterwardsl much enlarg’d and beautify’d j 
 for which it was indebted to it’s new inhabi- 
 tant Hmry Howard Earl of Northampton. jBut 
 that houie now is in a manner quite demolifh’d, 
 and another was begun in the place by King 
 Charles the fecond, which hands imperfedt. The 
 Cahle alfo, or Tower, is now quite ras’d, and 
 a Royal Objh-vatory fet in the place by the fame 
 King Charles the fecond, furuifli’d with all forts 
 of Mathematical Inftruments lit for AJironomical 
 Obfernatiops i Inch as Clockst Telefcopes, Quadrants^ 
 and a deep dry well for obfervation of the Stars 
 in the day time ; all which have been for many 
 years moft diligently and skilfully us’d by the 
 learned Mr. FlamHed, the King’s Mathematici- 
 an. The fame Earl of Northajuptoiz built alfo an 
 Kofpital here j endowing it with lands for the 
 maintenance of a Governour and twenty poor 
 men : he built likewife two others in Shrop- 
 (hire and Norfolk, as appears by the Etitaph on 
 his magnificent tomb in the fbuth ille of the 
 Church in Dover-Caflle , where he lies, not in- 
 terr’d, but in a marble coffin, which is fup- 
 ported above the marble table of his tomb, a- 
 bout five foot from the ground. The Epitaph 
 is this ; 
 
 Henricus Howardus, Henrici Cotnitis Surria: fi- 
 lms 'I'homx, fecundi Norfolciae Ducis, Nepos ; 
 cir Thoms lertiifrateri Comes Northamptonis j 
 Baro Howard de Marnhill ; privati Sigilli Cu- 
 flos j Cafiri Durovernenfis Confiahularius ; quin- 
 que Portuum Cufios, Cancellarius, & Conflahula- 
 rim j Jacobo magnx Britannia: Regi ah intimis 
 Confiliis ; Ordim's Perifcelidis E^ues auratus, & 
 Academia Cantabrigienfis Cancellarius inter No- 
 biles literatijfimus ; in fpem refurgendi in Chrifto hie 
 conditur^ 
 
 Ohiit 15® J/Vjunii MDCXIV. 
 
 Liclytus hk Comes tria Hofpitalia fundasvit & 
 latifmdiis ditu'vit, anum Greenwici in Cantio, 
 in quo xx egeni Prajecius ; Alterum Cluni in 
 Comhatu Salopia, in mo xii egeni cum PrajeBo j 
 Tenium ad Cafirum Riling in Com. Norfolcis, 
 in quo xii paupercuJa cum Gubernatrice, in perpetuum 
 aluntur. 
 
 The latter part whereof, in relation to the 
 forefaid Charities, runs thus in Englifh : 
 
 *This renowned Earl founded three Hofpitals, and 
 endow’d them with Lunds i one at Greenwich in 
 Kent, in which a Governour and twenty poor men \ 
 another at Clun, in Shropfhire, in which a Go- 
 •vernour and twelve poor men i (t third at the Cafile 
 of Riling in Norfolk, in which a Governefs 
 with twelve poor women i are maintained for e~ 
 ver.- 
 
 Here Queen Mary was born, and here Ed- 
 ward the lixth died.1 
 
 But the greateft ornament by far that Green- 
 wich has- had, is our Eliz,abeth, who, being born 
 here, by the goodnefs of Providence, did fo 
 enlighten Britain, nay, and even the whole 
 world, with the rays of her royal virtues, that 
 no praife can equal her merit. But as to what 
 concerns Greenwich, take alfo the verfes of our 
 Antiquary Leland, 
 
 Ecce ut jam niteat locus petitm, 
 
 ‘Tanquam fyderea domm cathedra.. 
 
 Qua fajiigia picla ? qua fenefira ? 
 
 Qua turres vel ad ajira Je efferentes ? 
 
 Qua porro viridaria, ac perennes 
 pontes I Flora finum occupat vemijiu 
 Fundens delkias nitentis horti. 
 
 Rerum commodm afiimator ille, 
 
 Ripa qui variis modis amxna. 
 
 Nomen contuUt eleganter aptum. 
 
 How bright the lofty feat appears ! 
 
 Like fove's great palace pav’d with liars. 
 
 What roofs, what windows charm the 
 eye ? 
 
 What turrets, rivals of the sky ? 
 
 What conflant fprings ? what fmiling 
 meads ? 
 
 Here Flora’s felf in Hate refides. 
 
 And all around her does difpence 
 
 Her gifts and pleafing influence. 
 
 Happy the man, who’ere he was, 
 
 Whofe lucky wit fo nam’d the place, > 
 
 As all it’s beauties to exprefs. \ 
 
 I have nothing further to obferve in this place, 
 unlefs it be (not to fuller the memory of de- 
 ferving and worthy perfonsto pcrifli) that IVil- 
 liam Lambard, a perfon of great learning and 
 lingular piety, built a hofpital here for relief 
 of the poor, which ho call’d Queen Eliz^abetls s EHia- 
 College for the poor ; fandthat John Duke of Ar-beth’s Col- 
 gyle, a perfon of diftinguifli’d Figure and -Abi- lege* 
 lities, was created a Peer of Great Britain in 
 the fourth year of Queen Anne, by the titles 
 of Baron of Chatham, and Earl of Greenwich, 
 
 Near Greenwich, is Leufham, for the ereddngLeufliam. 
 in which place, two Frec-fchools and an Alms- Stat. i6Cai'. 
 houfe, by Abraham Rolfe, Clerk, anAi 2 ;of Par- 2. n, 14. 
 liament was made in the lO'*' year of King 
 Charles the fccond .1 
 
 Behind Greenwich, fcarce three miles di- 
 llant, lies Eltham, which was alfo a retiring Eltham. 
 place of the Kings j built by Anthony Bee Bi- 
 Ihop of Durham and Patriarch of Jerufalem, 
 and beftow’d by him upon Eleanor vile to King 
 Edward I, after he had cr.aftily got the efiate 
 of the Vefeies, to w'hom it formerly belong’d. 
 
 For it is laid, that this Billiop, whom the lall 
 Baron of Vefey made his Feoftee in trull (that 
 he might keep the ellare iox William de Vejcy hum, 
 his young fon, but illegiriraate ) did not deal 
 fo fairly by this Orphan, as he ouglit to have 
 done. 
 
 Below Greenwich, the ‘Thames throwing dowiiXbe Breach, 
 it’s banks has laid fev'eral acres of ground un- 
 der water ; and fome perfous having for many 
 years endeavour’d to keep it out at vail expence, 
 fcarce find their works and walls able to de- 
 fend the neighbouring fields againll the Vio- 
 lence of the Stream. There is great plenty of 
 Cochlearia or Scuroygrafs growing here, which Scurvygrafs. 
 fome Phylicians will have to be Pliny’s Britanni- 
 ca ; and upon that account I mention it in this 
 place. TBut Mr. the great Botanillof this 
 age, affirmed, that this was not Cochlearia ro- 
 tundifolia five Batavorum, \s'hich we call Garden- 
 Scurvygrafs (tho’ that alfo be found in many 
 places on our coalls, and on fome mountains in 
 the midland;) but Cochlearia Britannka, orSea- 
 Scurvygrafs j and fo cannot be the Britannka 
 of Pliny, tho’ it may have the fame virtues. 
 
 What the true Britannka of Pliny and the An- 
 cients is, Ahraham Muntingim thinks he has 
 found out. He makes it to be the ^reat- water- 
 doik, Hydrolapathum maximum, Ge-r. parkA Bur, 
 
 in 
 

 ■m- 
 
 223 
 
 C A NT IV M. 
 
 224. 
 
 The herb 
 Sriiannica, 
 
 See in theBri- 
 tiflj fflescor 
 cerning the 
 A'fTiamenta- 
 rium Britari' 
 nicum. 
 
 * So, qnn. 
 1695. 
 
 in relation to this Britannica take Pliny’s o\yn- 
 words ; In Gnmany^ iV.Kn Germanicus Collar 
 rmovd his Oimp forvsard beyond the Rhine ; in the 
 maritime trail, there rcas one fountain ( and no 
 more) of frefh veater, 'lehich ij one drank oj. Ids teeth 
 vjould drop out in tiuo years time, and the joints oj 
 his knees become loofe and feeble. Thofe E-vt’s the 
 Pbyjlcians temtd Scomacace, and Sceletyrbe. For 
 remedy hereof, the herb calid Britannica 'leas found 
 out, as not only good for the fncvjs and mouti>, but 
 alfo againjl the Squinjie, and flinging o f Jerpents, &c. 
 T/:e p'rilians, inhere our Camp vsas, flow’d it to our 
 Joldiers : and I wonder for what reafon it jhould he 
 fo called, unlefs the Inhabitants of the feorcoajts gave 
 it the name of Britannica, as lying fo near Britain. 
 -But the learned Hadrianm funim, in his No- 
 menclatoY, gives another, and indc;.d more pro- 
 bable, reaion of the name ; \vhom for your fa- 
 tisfadtion pleafe to confult ; for this word Bri- 
 tannka has drawn me too far out of my road 
 already. 
 
 [From Greemuich the ‘T’hames goes cn to 
 TVoolwich ; which, how it came to be overlook’d 
 by the Hiftorians of this County, is much to 
 be wonder’d j and the more, for it’s having con- 
 tributed to the number of our Ships-Royal 
 equally with any other two : bolides it’s Right, 
 by feniority, to the title of AIother-Doek to them 
 all. Witnels her * having given birth to 
 
 f Harry Grace de Dieu. 
 
 I Prince Royal. 
 
 ^ J Soverciign Royal. 
 
 H j Naz,eby, afterwards the Charles. 
 I Richard, afterwards tire fames. 
 . Andrew. 
 
 3 Hen. 8. 
 8 Jac. I 
 1 3' Car. I 
 
 io>Car.2. 
 12 J 
 
 Darent> riv. 
 Seven-ohe, 
 
 See Star, 39 
 Eliz. 
 
 Knoll. 
 Chevening. 
 Vid. Shelfordj 
 in Notting- 
 hanifhire. 
 
 Otford, 
 
 Ann, 766. 
 794, 795‘ 
 797* 
 
 But, whatever that OmifTion was owing to. 
 Woolwich mull be owned to ferve the Crown, 
 among thofe of the grcatcll Importance, at this 
 day. ! 
 
 The T’hames growing narrower, is met by the 
 river Darent j which, coming out of Surrey, 
 flows with a gentle chanel fby MTfnwn, where 
 is a feat of the Earl of Jerley, Midi not far 
 from Stven-oke, fo call’d (as they' Uy) from fe- 
 ven Oaks of an exceeding heiglitj f.and only re- 
 markable for a Lord Mayor of that name, who 
 gratefiLlly built an Hofpitalciwd School there and 
 tor the defeat given by fack Cade and his fol- 
 lowers to Sir Humphrey Stafford, whom the King 
 font againll them. Adjoining to which, is 
 Kmll, the feat of the Earls of Dorfct.l Then 
 it runs to iClavening, not long fince the feat of, 
 Thomas Lcnnard, Earl of Su!lex ; now, the 
 feat of James Sranlwpe, Earl Stanhope, Viicount 
 Mahonc, and Baron Elvaflon ; w'hich Honours 
 have been moft dofervedly confer ’d upon him 
 by King Geoige, in conlidcration of the fignal 
 Services perform’d by him to his Country, as 
 well in the Camp, as in the Court and the Se- 
 nate 3 and particularly that of Vifeount Ma- 
 lone, in teftimouy of his gallant Behaviour 
 in the Spanifh War. Then to1 Orjcan- 
 pop^), now Oford, fw'here Offa, King of the 
 Mercians, focompleatly (whdud EalhmundY^m^ 
 of Kent, and his whole Country^, Ann. 773, 
 that he endeavour’d to transfer (as it were in 
 triumph) the Archiepifcopal Chair into his own 
 dominions ; which he efefled lb far, that he 
 got Lichfield exempted from the jurildidion of 
 Canterbury, obtaining a Pall for it of Pope Adri- 
 an I. Ann. -J66 : the Sees of IVorcefler, Legecefler, 
 Sidnactfler, Hereford, Hehnham, and Dunwkh, be- 
 ing alfo eredted into a Province for it ; in which 
 Hate it contimi’d from the year jSS, to 797, in 
 all thirty one years. And in that rime (as Mat- 
 
 thew of Wellminller tells us) there fat three 
 Archbifhops at Lichfield, viz. Ealdulpims, Huni- 
 beitm, and lallly Higbertm ; in whole time the 
 See of Canterbury was rellor’d to it’s former dig- 
 nity, by Kinulf or Kenwolf who was likewife 
 King of the Mercians. It was furtherl famous 
 for a bloody defeat of the Danes in the y^car 
 loib ; and proud of it’s noble -Palace, built by 
 Warham Archbifhop of Canterbury for him and 
 his fuccellbrs, with fuch Iplendour and magnifi- 
 cence, that Cranmer his immediate fucceflor, to 
 avoid envy, was forc’d to exchange it. with 
 Henry 8. Lullingfion, where was formerly a ca- Lulllngfton. 
 file, the feat of a noble family of the fame 
 name, lies lower down upon the [which 
 
 runs next, to Derwent, otherwife Darent, giving 
 it’s name to the place ; where Vonimer the fon 
 of Voniger (who was depos’d, as Nennius tells 
 us, not for * marryfing Hengifl’s, but his own * See to- 
 daughter) fet upon the ihxw, and kill’d many the b?. 
 nf them ;land at it’s mouth gives name to 
 .rentford, commonly Dartjord, a large and throng Dartford"^’ ’ 
 market, [infamous for the rebellion of fVut fy- 
 lar and fack Straw, w'hich began here. But 
 now of late re-cnnobled by giving title to Sir 
 Edward Villiers, who, March 20. rOpo, was cre- 
 ated Baron Pllliers of Hoo in this County, and 
 f Vifeount HtUiers of Dartford. I Below this place, + See lerfey, 
 receives the little river Cm?. At Cm- Greece, riv. 
 canford, now Creyford, a ford over this river, Crej-ford. 
 Hengifl the Saxon, eight years after the co- 
 ming-in of the Saxons, engag’d the Britains j 
 where he cut off their Commanders, and gave 
 them fuch a bloody^ defeat, that .afterwards he 
 quietly effablifh’d his kingdom in Kent, without, 
 fear of difturbance from that quarter. 
 
 From Darent to the mouth of Medway, tlv.) 
 
 Thames fees nothing but Ibme fmalltownsi the 
 omiffion whereof would be no damage either 
 to their reputation, or any thing elfe. How- 
 ever, the moft [noted andl moft confiderable 
 of them are thefe, \Green-hithe, where, as Mr.Green-hithc, 
 Lamhard tells us, Swane King of Denmark land- y'"’ 
 ed and encamp’d himfelf : but ft feems rather 
 to have been higher up in the 'Country, at the^"’ • P- 4 • 
 town caif d Swanfeombe i there appearing no re- Swanfeombe. 
 mains of any fuch fortification now at Green- 
 hithe, nor any tradition of it 3 whereas Swarf- 
 combe feems to have taken it’s name from fome 
 fuch occafion.l Graves-end, as noted as moll Graves-end. 
 towns in England, for being a fort of flation 
 between Kent and London 3 where King Hen- 
 ry 8. fortify’d both fides of the river. On the 
 back of this, a little more within land, ftands 
 Cobham, for a long time the feat iof the Barons Cobbam.' 
 of Cobbam, the laft whereof fohn Cobham built Barons of 
 a College here, and a Caftle at Coulir.g, leaving 
 one only daughter, wife of de la Pok,^^lf 
 Knight : who had by her one only daughter^' 
 
 Joan, marry’d to feveral husbands. But fhe 
 had iflue only by Reginald Braybrooke. Her third 
 husband fohn de Oldcafile, was hang’d, and burnt, 
 for endeavouring Imiovations, for more truly 
 Reformations,! in Religion. But the only 
 daughter of Reginald Braybrooke, nam’d foan, 
 was marry’d to Thomai Brook of the County ot 
 Somerfet : from him, the fixth in a lineal dc- 
 feent was Henry Brook Baron Cobham, who, be- 
 caufe fortune did not humour him in every 
 thing, was driven by his ungovernable Paflions 
 to throw off' his Allegiance to the moft graci- 
 ous of Kings : for v/hich he had the fentence 
 of death pafs’d upon him ,* but his life was 
 fpared, for a monument of the Clemency of his+See 
 Prince, t 
 
 From Graves-end, a fmall tfa£l, like a Cher- 
 fonefe, call’d Ho, (hoots it felf out a long way'Ho. 
 to the caft, betw'een the "Thames and the Med- 
 
KENT. 
 
 “126 
 
 225 
 
 ~^ay : the fituatioii of it not very wholfom. In 
 ClilTe. it is clife, a pretty large town, fo nam’d from 
 the Clij} upon w hich it ftands. But whether 
 this be that Cli'ues at Ho, famous for a Synod 
 in the infancy of the Englifh Church, I dare 
 not (as fome others are) be politive ; partly be- 
 caufe the fituation is not very convenient for a 
 Synod, and partly becaufe the old Clives at Ho 
 feems to have been in the kingdom of Mercia. 
 [According to the opinions of Sir Henry Spel- 
 man, and Mr. ‘Talbot, both eminent Antiqua- 
 ries, three feveral Councils were held in this 
 place ; the firfl call’d by Cuthbert Archbifhop of 
 Canterbury, at which was prefent JEthdbaU 
 King of Mercia, An. 742 j the fecoud under 
 Kenulph, alfo King of Mercia, An. 803 j and 
 the third under Ceohoulf his fucceilor. An. 
 S22 : upon which account Mr. Lambard alfo 
 doubts whether Clove^fm w^ere not in Mercia 
 rather ihun in the Kings oi Mercia being 
 
 either prefent at them, or the Councils call’d by 
 their Authority j neither of which would pro- 
 bably have been at a place fo remote from 
 or fo incommodious for fuch a purpofe. 
 Keverinolcfs Mr. Lambard, upon the authority 
 of Talbot (yet reierving a power of revoking 
 upon b'-Ucr inlorniation) agrees that Clijf at 
 Jioo mufl be the place j and the rather, becaule 
 he finds no fuch place as Clovejhoo within the 
 precinits of Mercia, altho’ there be divers pla- 
 ces there, that bear the name of Cliff dS w^ell as 
 Norn. T.0C0- this. But a later conjecture feems to come 
 rum Fxpli* nearer the truth, placing it at Abbandun, now, 
 Abbington, in the Kingdom of Mercia, near the 
 sLmmVsax.ntitidle of the Nation ; and therefore moll con- 
 on Dift. venient for fuch an Aflembly. This place an- 
 ciently, before the foundation of the Abbey 
 there, w^s call’d Sheovejham, which might ei- 
 ther by corruption of Speech, or carelefsnefs of 
 the Scribes, be eafily fubftituted inftead of Clo- 
 vejham or Clovejhoo, as any one, moderately skill’d 
 in thefe affairs, w'ill eafily grant.! 
 
 JWeaway. "J'he river Medvoege, now Medway (in Britiffi, 
 if I miftake not, Vaga, whereunto the Saxons 
 added Med ffor the making of which naviga- 
 ble in Kent and Suflt-x, a Statute pafEd in the 
 16^*’ year of King Charles the fecond ; )1 rifes 
 Wealde. in the wood Anderida, call’d Wealde (i. c. a 
 woody country,) which tor a long way toge- 
 ther covers the feuth part of this County. At 
 Pens-herft. tirR, being ytt but fmall, it runs by Pens-hurji, 
 the feat of the ancient family of the Sidneys, 
 Sidney, defcended from H iUiam de Sidney, Chamberlain 
 to Henry 2. Ot which family was Henry Sid- 
 ney, the famous Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 
 
 . who, by the daughter of John Dudley Duke of 
 
 Northumberland and Earl of Warwick, had 
 Philif and Robert. Robert was honour’d, firll 
 with the title of Baron Sidney of Pens-hurjl, and 
 *Viceco- ^hen with that of * Vifeount Lifle by King 
 mesinfuls. James fthe iff, to which the title of Earl of 
 See in Bark- Leicefier was alfo added by the fame Prince.! 
 Sir^PhT Philip (not to be omitted here without an 
 
 Sidney, ^ unpardonable crime, the great glory of that 
 family, the great hopes of mankind, the mofl 
 lively pattern of virtue, and the darling of the 
 learned w^orld) hotly engaging the enemy at 
 Zutphen in Gelderland, loft his life bravely 
 and valiantly. This is that Sidney, whom as 
 Providence feems to have font into the world, 
 to give the prefent age a fpecimen of the Anci- 
 ents ', fo did it on a fudden recall him, and 
 fnatch him from us, as more worthy of heavt-n 
 than of earth. Thus, when Virtue is come to 
 perfection, it prefcntly leaves us and the beft 
 things are feldora lafting. Reft then in peace, 
 O Sidney! (if I may be allow’d this addrefs j ) 
 we will not celebrate thy memory with tears. 
 
 but with admiration. Whatever we lov’d in Tacitus of 
 thee (as the beft of Authors fpeaks of that 
 Governour of Britain,) whatever we admir’d 
 in thee, continues, and will continue in the 
 memories of men, the revolutions of ages, and 
 the annals of time. Many, as inglorious and 
 ignoble, are bury’d in oblivion ; but Sidney fliall 
 live to all pofterity. For, as the Greek Poet 
 has it, Virtue's beyondthe reach of fate. 
 
 From hence the river Medway goes bn to 
 Tunbridge, where is an old Caftle built by Rir Tunbridge, 
 chard de Clare, who had it by exch.inge for 
 Briony in Normandy j his grandfather Godfrey, 
 natural fon to Richard i, Duke of Normandy, 
 being Earl of Eive and Briony. For after a long 
 conteft about Briony, Richard (as we are told 
 by Gulielmus Gemeticenfis) in recotnpence for the 
 fame cajlle, took the town I’lih bridge in England. 
 
 For they affirm that the ^ Lowy of Briony was mea- * -f Lowy 
 fur d about with a line, and that he receiv'd <ZKofXunbridge, 
 equal ciuantity oj ground at Tunbridge, meafurd 
 the fame line, which was brought over into England. 
 
 But his fuccedbrs, Earls of Glocefter, f beldf cUentelari 
 the mamur of Tunbridge, of the Archbifliops of jure. 
 Canterbury ; upon condition, that they fliould 
 be Stewards at the Inftalmcnt of the Archui- 
 fhops, and fliould grant them the Wardfliip of 
 their children. .TFor the better maintenance of 
 a Free-School here, we find H two Statutes, ex-|l u EHz. 
 prefsly alluring certain Lands and Tenements 3 ^ 
 for that purpofe. This place hath given the 
 title of Vifcouut, to William Henry of NaJJaa, 
 nearly ally’d to his Majefty King William 
 the third, and created by him, in the feventh 
 year of his reign, Baron of Enfield, Vifcounc 
 Tunbridge, and Earl of Rochford ; to wdiom 
 fucceeded William his eldeft Ion, the prefent 
 pofleflbr of the Honours aforefaid. South from 
 hence, at about four or five miles diftance, lie 
 the famous Chalybiat fprings call’d Tunbridge-Tunhrid^e- 
 weds, fo happily temper’d with martial fait, and wells, 
 lo ufeful in carrying oft' many radicated diftem- 
 pers, and procuring impregnation ; that they 
 have been frequented ot late to that degree, as 
 to caufe the building of a great number of 
 houfes all about the place, together with a fair 
 Chapel, wherein there are prayers read twice a 
 day during the feafon ; mofi of which Houfes be- 
 ing fituate in the parifli of Tunbridge, the whole 
 .are filled Tunbridge-'welis, tiio’ the Wells them- 
 felves are in Spelhurjl, the neighbouring parllh.! 
 
 Then, AieiTUtiy glides forwvard, fnear 
 where, in the year ib83, was found in digging, phijofoph. 
 about fix yards deep, a hard floor or pavement, Tran f. N. 
 compofed of Shells orfhell-like ftoiies, about an 155- 
 inch deep, and feveral yards over. They are 
 of the lort called Conchites, and refemble Sea- 
 fifli of the tejiaceom kind j but yet it appears 
 not, upon enquiry, that in the memory of man, 
 any floods from the river have reached fo far as 
 this place. I'lien the Medway runs on, not far 
 from Fair-lane, the feat of the Lord Bernard j ! Fair-lane, 
 nor far from Mereveorth, where is a houfe like Merewortb. 
 a little Caftle, which from the Earls of Arun- 
 del came to the Nevils Lords of Abergevenny, 
 and to Le DefpenJ'er ; whofe heir, in a right 
 line * w^as Alary Fane, to whom and her heirs, * jj q. 
 King James fthe ift,! in his firft Parliament, 
 rejiofd, gave, granted, &c. the name, (lile, title, 
 honour, and dignity^ of Baronefs le Defpenfer ; 
 and that her heirs Jucceffvely be Barons le Defpen- 
 fer for ever The Medway haftens next to 
 Alaidjlone, which (becaufe the S.axons call’d ituaronef^le 
 Aledwegfion and fpebpeageycon) I am inclin d Defpenfer. 
 to believe was xhit Vagniacx mention’d by An-C»Jt: ot the 
 toninus, and to be calkd by Ninnius in his 
 Icgue of Cities Caer ALgwad, corrupth.' for Med- Vagniacr. 
 wag. Nor do the DiuancLS gainfay it, on one Maidfione. 
 
 P' f hand 
 
227 
 
 22 § 
 
 c 
 
 A NT I U M. 
 
 hand from Noviomagusy and on the other from 
 DuYobrovis » of which by and by. fAnd this 
 perhaps is as near the mark, or nearer (if fimi- 
 litude of found be of any importance) as the 
 conjecture of Archbifiiop Ufher, who would have 
 the Caer Meguaid or Megivad of Ninnim, rather 
 to be Meivod in MontgomeryPjire ; hich alfo he 
 would have to be the Mediolanum of Antoninmy 
 and not our Vagntaca. This, doubtlefs, was io 
 nam'd from the River VagUy and that fo ftil’d 
 from it's extravagant flragling and winding, as it 
 does hereabout.l Under the later Emperors (as 
 we learn from the Peutegerian Table publifli d 
 So faid, '’^lately by M. Velferus) it is call'd Madm.Neif^ 
 ann. 1607. thus we fee the change of Ages, is the change 
 Madus. Names. This is a neat and populous towiij 
 
 ftretcl/d out into a great length i f and, ever 
 (ince the Roman times, it hath been eflecm d 
 conliderable in all ages, having had the favour 
 and protection of the Archbiiliops ai Canterbury i\ 
 In the middle, is their Palace, begun fas is 
 faidl by John Uftbrd, and finifhed by Simon 
 Illip. TBut if Archbifiiop Uftord begun it, he 
 Anglia Sacr.^^ft certainly be very early in it, f not living 
 after his Eleftion much above fix months, and 
 never receiving either his Pall or Confecration , 
 inlbmuch, that he is feldora number'd among the 
 Archbiihops. Archbifhop Courtney was alfo a 
 great friend to this tow’n ; who built the Col- 
 lege here, where he ordered his Efquire, yo/m 
 Boteler, to bury him, in the Cemitery of this 
 his Collegiate Church, and not in the Church 
 it felf where yet he has a tomb, and had an 
 Epitaph too, which is fet down in || Weaw : 
 but this fecms rather to have been his Ceno- 
 taph, than his real place of burial ; it having 
 been cuftomary in old time for perfons of emi- 
 nent rank and quality, to have tombs ereCled 
 in more places than one. For Mr. Somner tells 
 us, that he found in a Lieger-book of Chrift- 
 Church, that King Richard the fecond, hap- 
 pening to be at Canterbury w'hen he was to be 
 bury’d, commanded his body (notwithftanding 
 his own order) to be there interr'd, * w'here 
 he ftill lies at the feet of the Black Prince in a 
 goodly tomb of Alabafter yet remaining.! Here 
 is likew'ife one of the two common Gaols of 
 this County ; and itis beholden for a great many 
 Immunities to Queen Eliz^abethy who made 
 their chief Magiftrate a Mayor inftead of a 
 Portgrcre. Portgreve, which they had till that time j a 
 thing I the rather take notice ofj becaufe this 
 is an ancient Saxon word, and to this day, a- 
 mong the Germans, fignilics a Govermur, as 
 Markgrave, Reingrave, Landtgrave, &c. fNor 
 has it yet much fallen from it’s ancient dignity, 
 it remaining to this day the Shire-town (as 
 they call it,) where the Aflizes for the County 
 are ufualiy kept. It is alfo a Burrough, fend- 
 ing two Burgeiles to Parliament. In fhort, it 
 is a large, fweet, and populous tovvn, and is of 
 later years render’d more remarkable, by giving 
 the title of Vifcount Maidfione to the honou- 
 rable family of the Finckes, Earls of Winckelfea 
 {Eliz^abeth, wite of Sir Moyle Finchy foie daugh- 
 ter and heir of Sir ‘Thomas Heneage, being firft 
 advanc'd to the dignity of Vifcountefs Maid- 
 fione, July 8. 21 Jac. i. with remainder to the 
 heirs males of her body ; ) and for a light which 
 happen’d here June 2. 1^48, between Sir Tho- 
 mas Fairfax General for the Parliament, and 
 lome Kentilh Gentlerhen, who had taken Arms 
 in defence of King Charles i , and pofted them- 
 fclves in this town. Which they fo well de- 
 fended, tho' unequal in number (theftreets be- 
 ing w^ell man’d, and the houfes well lin’d with- 
 in,) that General Fairfax, with an army of 
 near ten thoufand men,, could not gain it from 
 
 vol. I. p. 42. 
 & 118, 119. 
 
 II Fun. Mon. 
 p. 2S5. 
 
 * Somner’s 
 Hift. of 
 CanG. pag, 
 265, 266. 
 
 them till after three aflaults by ftorm, which it 
 endured with fuch obftinacy, that the veteran 
 foldiers confefs’d, that whatever they got was 
 by inches and dearly bought, and that they had 
 never met with the like defperate forvice du- 
 ring all the war.! 
 
 Here, * at MaidRone, the Medway is joyn’d* Below C, 
 by a fmall river from the eaft, which rifes, ffaith ’ 
 Lambard, at Bygon, others at Ewel, in a lit- 
 tle w:ood lefs than a mile t weft of Lmham ; l+AtLen- 
 very probably the Duroknum of Antoninus, 
 writ follly in fome Copies Dimlevum. For D«-Durolenu 
 rolenum iri B>riliP[\y is, the water Lenum ; and, be- Leneham. 
 lides the remains of the name, the diftance 
 from Durovernum and Durobrovis confirms this 
 to be the Duroknum ; not to mention it's fitua- 
 tion upon a Confular w'ay of the Romans, 
 which formerly (as Higden of Chefter affirms) 
 went from Dover, through the middle of Kent. 
 fBut others will not allow this to be the 
 Aqua-Lena thinking rather that that is the 
 fpring, in the town call’d Street-well, perhaps 
 from the Strata of the Romans that led hi- 
 ther heretofore ; which ( as it is pleaded ) 
 might give name to the Station here, call’d Du- 
 roknum, || it having the true diftance in the Iti-|| Burton’* 
 nerary from Durobrovis or Roebefter according to Commenr. 
 Aldms copy, which is fixteen miles ; but 
 fo from Durovernum or Canterbury ; which in all 
 the copies I have yet feen is but twelve from 
 Durolevum, whereas it is diftant from Lenham at 
 leaft fixteen. It is pleaded further, that no Ro- 
 man Antiquities were ever found about Lenham, 
 to confirm that opinion. The diftances then 
 difagreeing fo much, and no Antiquities ap- 
 pearing, it is plain there is little elfe left be- 
 fide the fimilitude of names to fupport it. What 
 then if we fliould pitch upon Bapchild, a place 
 lying between Sittingbourn and Ofpringe, the an- 
 cient name whereof is Baccancelo, afterwards 
 contraded into Beck-child, and now corruptly 
 call’d Bap-child. For as Dnr denotes vsater, foBap.jiji'j^ 
 Bee in the Saxon anfwers that ; or at leaft the 
 termination edd, implying a pool, will in fome 
 meafurefuit the old name. But what is of more 
 confequence in this matter, is, it’s being in the 
 Saxon-times a place of very great note •, info- 
 much that Archbifhop Brightwald, An. 700, 
 held a Synod at it. Now, it is a general re- 
 mark made by Antiquaries, that the Saxons 
 particularly fix’d upon thofe places, where the 
 Romans had left their Stations , from whence 
 at prefent fo many of our towns end in Chefier. 
 
 And even at this day, here are the ruins of 
 two old Churches or Chapels, befides the Parifli- 
 Church. Moreover, if the Roman-road be- 
 twixt the Kentifh cities was the fame with the 
 prefent, then Durolevum (which, by the by, is 
 only read Durolenunt to reconcile it to Lenbain) 
 muft be fomewhere about this Parifhi becaufe 
 no other place in the prefent road is of fo agree- 
 able a diftance, between the faid Cities. Now, 
 there cannot be a fliorter cut between Roche- 
 fter and Canterbury, than the prefent, unlefs 
 .one fhould level hills, or travel through bogs ; 
 and yet by this, the diftance between is about 
 twenty five miles, the fame with the * Itinera- * fjgf. 2, 5c 4. 
 ry ; as alfo where Durolevum comes between, 
 thirteen to it from Rochefter, and twelve ffom 
 it to Canterbury, make exadly the fame num- 
 ber. Thar there are no vilible remains of the 
 old Road, may be very -well attributed to this, 
 that having been all along one of the moft fre- 
 quented Roads in England, and us’d probably 
 ever fince the Roman works were made, itis now 
 levell’d with the adjacent earth, and only ferves 
 for a good bottom. The oldCaufey indeed be- 
 tween Canterbury and Lemanis does .ftill in part 
 
 remain, 
 
KENT. 
 
 130 
 
 ' » remain, Sane-Hreet, being the 
 
 common way into thofe quarters. But then 
 for thefe thoufand years, that has been private 
 and inconfiderable with relpeft to this other ; 
 and the foil alfo may make a dlfterence.^ For 
 that which goes to Lemanis has a foundation all 
 of natural rock and hard chalk, and the adjoyn- 
 ine fields afford fufEcient quantity of moft la- 
 IKne materials. Whereas from Rochefter to 
 Canterbury, the foil is of it felf foft and ten- 
 der, and the neighbouring parts yield no fuch 
 fupply of durable materials. 
 
 As to it’s having been a confla nt road, it may 
 be thus made probable. In Bede s time the diftance 
 between RccheRer and Canterbury was * twenty 
 * P’S- V*’, four miles (and fo feme call it at this day twen- 
 EJii. Wl'''’' others twenty five, ) fo that it could 
 
 not be alter’d then. In the 12''’ Century, there 
 was a Maifon Dieu ereded at Offringe, tor the 
 
 yeav 1321, came Queen Ifabel to the caftle of Leeds 
 about Michaelmoii tuhere Jhe had de[ignd to lodge all 
 nighti but v)as not fujferd to eitter. The King highly 
 rejenting this, as done in contempt of him, calfd toge- 
 ther fame neighbouring inhabitants out of EJfex and 
 London, and gave them orders to befiege the Cajlle- 
 Bartholomew de Badilfmer voas be viho ownd 
 it i and having left his wife and fons in it, was gone 
 with the reft oj the Barons to Jpoil the eftate of Hugh 
 De Spenfer. “The befiegd in the mean time defyah- 
 ing oj fuccour, the Barons with their Affociates came 
 cu far ixr Kingllon, and, with the mediation of the 
 Bijhops oj Canterbury and London, and the Earl oj 
 Pembroke, petition d the King to raife the Siege, pro- 
 mijing to furrender the Caftle into his hands, after the 
 next Parliament. But the King, confidering that the 
 beftegd could not hold out long, and moreover, incens d 
 at this their contumacy, would not liften to the peti- 
 ; tion of the Barons. After they had difperfed them- 
 . felves to other parts, he gain’d the Caftle, tho’ with 
 no fmall difficulty ; and fending his wife and fons to 
 the Tower of London, hang d the reft that were in 
 it. 
 
 COinii Ail i n -,1 1 
 
 *Howe“r,^fomnft”^ Thus the Afeitvay, after it has receiv’d the 
 
 olared with greater probability at leu- little river Zck, paffes through fruitW Com- ten. 
 maybe p w ^ g or Mr. BsrtOB, fields ; and by ^/&5J»B-CaiHe (where T 7 io. fFMtAui„gto„, 
 
 "f : where it is true fenior, a learned Knight * built afair houfe).M„„, 
 
 SSry! 'xtNmiington near Sittmghurn ; where it is true 
 
 many Roman Antiquities have been found i 
 
 f. 17s. 180, .gj ^oing but eight miles from Rochelier, and 
 feventeefi from Canterbury, it is altogether out 
 of diftance on both Tides. But though no Anti- 
 mities (as hath been faid) do appe,ar at 
 (here is a thing exceeding remarkable, men- 
 tion’d on the Tomb of Robert thomffin Efq; in 
 the Church there, who was grandchild to that 
 rrulv religious matron Mary Hmywood wife of 
 
 liuiy JV s ,Ti7- vr«. « SJhfr li-fH nr 
 
 fenior, a learned Knight * built afair houfe)»jjgyyaarav/#. 
 'runs to Ailesford, in Saxon Gaglej-pop^, caUMAiiesford. 
 by Henry Huntingdon Elftre, and by Ninnius 
 Epifford; W'ho has alfo told us, that it was call'd 
 Saijfenaeg-haibail by the Britains, becaufe of the 
 Saxons being conquer’d there as others have 
 in tire fame fenle call'd it Angleford. For 
 Guortimer the Britain, fon of Guortigern, fell 
 upon Hengift and the Englifh Saxons here •, and, 
 having diforder’d them fo at the firft onfet, that 
 
 rrnlv telieious matron Wilt oi iiid.vj.iifc, v.^ij.vxsxv, « w - a ' ~ Uc 
 
 truly leiig 7 Kfn- « She had at they were not able to Hand a fecond cnarge, he 
 
 Kobe-n Hofiyv^o doiChartng m^^^^^^ L. tofliiihti and thev had been routed 
 
 Bofton M»1 
 herb. 
 
 iioucrt jionyvjwu' ^ ^ o ^ . 
 
 « her deceafe, lawfully defeended from her, 
 
 “ three hundred fixty feven children ; fixteen 
 « of her own body, one hundred and fourteen 
 grand-children, two hundred twenty^ eight 
 “ 111 the third generation, and nine m the 
 <t fourth : her renown liveth with her pofteri- 
 tv • her body Heth in this Church, and her 
 *< monument may be feen in Marks-HaU in Ef~ 
 
 “ fex, where file died.”l 
 
 Hard by Lenham, at Bobion Malherbe, the no- 
 erb. ble family of the Womns * dwelt a long time j 
 • Has dwelt, of ^^ich t within our memory fiourilh d 
 
 to mtton Dodor of Laws, Privy-Counfellor 
 to King Henry 8, Edward 6, Queen Ma- 
 rv and^Queen^Elizabeth; Embaflador to fo- 
 reign Courts nine times, and employ’d thrice in 
 a Treaty of Peace between the Englifll, French, 
 and Scots ; and fo he run through the courfe of 
 a long life* with great commendation both for 
 piety and prudence : as alfo. Ed-war d IVmm 
 the fon of his nephew by a brother, whom, for 
 his great experience and knowledge. Queen E- 
 lizabeth made Lord Controller, and King 
 Baron Wot- Cmes (the firftl created Baron Wottm of Mer- 
 lay. r Afterwards, this Eftate came by m.arriage 
 to the Family of the Stanhopes, Earls of Chefter- 
 field. In the fecond year of King Charles the 
 fecond, Charles Benry Kirhhoven was created 
 Lord Wotton of BoBon Malherbe.^ 
 
 Nor hath this river any other thing memo- 
 leeJs caftle. table upon it, befldes Leeds-caSlle, built by the 
 PamilyofthCjjQyg Crevequers, call’d in ancient Charters de 
 Crete, uers. i,nd Jc Crepko Cor*. Afterwards, it 
 
 was the unfortunate feat of Earthelomm Baron 
 of Badilfmer, who treacherouily fortify’d it a- 
 oainft King Edward the fecond, who had given 
 ft; him ; but afterwards he found the rewards 
 of his treachery, upon the gallows. Take, if you 
 pleafe, the whole relation, out of a little hiftory 
 
 .t r-j of 7 ?M® 23 e-/a-iWore, aNoblePcrfonwholivd 
 
 ann! 1S07. in the fame age, which I * lately publifti d. In the 
 
 put them to flight j and they had been routed 
 once for all, had not Hengift, by a fingular art 
 of preventing dangers, betaken himfelf to the 
 Ifle of Thanet, till that refolute fiercenefs of 
 the Britains was a little allay’d, and frefit forces 
 came out of Germany. In this battle, the two 
 Generals were flain, Catigera the Britain, and 
 Hoijri the Saxon; the latter was buried at f*r-Horllecl, 
 fed, a little way from hence, and left his name 
 to the place; the foimer was bury ’d in gjo^'^catigetn’i 
 ftate, as it is thought, near Ailesford, wnerCgjjy.. 
 thofe four vaft ftones are pitch’d on end, with 
 others lying crofs-ways upon them ; much of 
 the fame form with that Britiih monument call d 
 Sme-henge. And this the common people do ftill, 
 from Catigern, call Keith-coty-houfe. IHither alfo,Kcith-coty. 
 King Edmund Itmftde purfu’d the Danes, andhoaft- 
 flew many of them, and from hence drove them 
 into 5fepey, where, had he not been flop d by the 
 treachery of Duke Eadric, he had finally de- 
 ftroy’d them. Here alfo Radulphus Frisburn, 
 under the patronage of Richard Lord Grey of 
 Codnor, with whom he return’d from the wars 
 of the Holy Land, founded a houfe for Carme- 
 lites m Ayksfi-fd-vood, An. 1240, in imitation of 
 thofe, whofe lives he had obferved in thewil- 
 dernefs of Paleftine ; * and they throve fo well, * pjtf. it 
 that quickly after in the year 1 245, there was a Script ?. 
 general CMpter of the order held here, in which 345 . 354 - 
 70/m Stock (fo call’d from his living in a hollow 
 tree! was chofen General of the Orde-r, through- 
 out the world. We will only add, that this 
 Place gives the title of Earl to Hene.age Finch 
 (fecond fon of Heiie.age Earl of Nottingham,) 
 who h.ath been fucceffively honour d with the 
 Titles of Baron of Guernfey, and Earl of 
 Ailesford, in confideration as well of his noble 
 Defcent, as his great knowledge in the Laws 
 and Conftitution of this Kingdom. 
 
 Nor mult we forget BoBey, haiA by, whereBoAy, 
 miiarn de Ipre, a Fleming, Earl ot Kent, built 
 
221 
 
 C A NT lU M. 
 
 32 
 
 Biding. 
 
 Hailing. 
 
 a monaftery in the year 1 145, fupplyingit with 
 Monks from ClarenjaUe in Burgundy. And not 
 far from the oppofite bank, juft over-againft 
 this, is Bhlingy formerly the Barony of the 
 MamimtSi and then of tiie Saiesy w^hofe eftate 
 at laft came by females to the families of 
 Clintony Fienes, and Auhon. 
 
 On the eaft-fide of Med-ccay (after It has 
 pafs’d by Hailing) where Hamo de Heath, Bifliop 
 of Rochefter, built a feat for his Succellbrs, 
 [and where Mr. Lambard, thefirft Hiftoriogra- 
 ^pher of this County, fometime liv’d in the Bi- 
 fliop ’s houfej )1 a little higher up, is an anci- 
 ent City, call’d by Antoninus Duro-brm, Huro- 
 hriva, and in fome other places more truly, 
 Durobrevis. Duro-prova, or Durohova. Bede has it Duyo~ 
 In an ancient and in the decline of tlie Roman En.- 
 
 table pub- pire, time had To contrafted this name, that it 
 fc7 with the additioi. 
 
 Ce 4 er[\sh 3 .t.^^ Ceapeep (which, being deriv’d from Uie 
 Latin cailnim, was us’d by our Anceftors to 
 fignify a city, town, or caWe, ) they call’d it 
 Rochefler. bpoueceapcep, and by contradcion RochePJer •, as 
 the Latins call’d it kojja, from one Rhojfus as 
 Bede imagines, though to me there feems to be 
 fome remains of ReJ-a in the old Dura-brow. 
 And as to the name, there is no reafon to doubt 
 of that j fince (btfidcs the courfe of the Itine- 
 rary and Bede’s auchorit)’) in the Foundation- 
 Charter of the Cathedral Church it is expreflv 
 call’d Durobrovis.Only, this 1 would have to be 
 obferv’d, that the printed Copies of Bede read 
 Darueruum, where the Manuferipts have Duro- 
 brovis. It is plac’d in a Vale, and on fome 
 fides encompafs’d with walls, but not very 
 ftrong ; and ( as Malmesbury fays ) is pent 
 within too narrow a compafs : fo that it was 
 formerly look’d upon as a Cafile, rather than a 
 City ; tor Bede calls it Caflellum Cantuariorum, 
 i. e. the CaHle of the Kentif})-men. But now it 
 runs out with large fuburbs, towards weft, caft, 
 and fouth. It has had a great many misfor- 
 tunes. In the year of our Lord 6 j 6 , it was 
 deftroy’d by ^Ethelred the Mercian i and after 
 that, was more than once plunder’d by the 
 Danes. Tit was facked by them in the days 
 of Ring Ethelred, An. Sjp, and befieg’d by 
 them again in An. 885, when they caft-up 
 works round it, but it was reliev’d by King 
 Alfred i and all the lands of the Bifhoprick 
 were laid wafte by King Ethelred, An. pS^.l 
 For ^Ethelbert, King of Kent, had built a 
 ftately Church in it, and honour’d it with an 
 Epifcopal See, making fuflm the firft Bifliop i 
 but when that Church was decay’d with age, 
 Gundulphus repair d it about the year 1080, 
 and. turning out the Priefts, put Monks in 
 their fleadj who are themfelvesnow ejected, and 
 * SiboJaflici. a Dean, with fix Prebendaries, and * Scholars 
 
 'Rochefler, would give the King f one hundred poundT^ 
 4 D«mrs: A, laft by the imerceffion of 
 F,tx.-Hammm, and Henry Earl oj IVararii, the’rum 
 Kmg yielded, that mSlead of the money mhicb he de- 
 manded in canflderation of the Grant of the maimur 
 Bijhop Gundulfh (becaufe he mas melt vers’d in Ar- 
 chiteBure and Mafonry) fhould build for him the 
 Cafile of Rochefier, all of flone, and at his omit pro- 
 per charge. At length, mhm the Eifbops, tho’ mith 
 fome difficulty, mere brought to a compliance in the 
 prejence of the King, Bifhop Gundulph built the ca- 
 file entirely at his own cofl. And a little while af- 
 ter, Kmg Henry i. (as Florence of Worceller 
 ius K ) granted to the Church of Canterburv 
 and the Archbifllops, the Cuflody and Coiifta- 
 bl.lliip of it tor ever ; and liberty to build a 
 tower in it for themfelves. Since which time 
 It has undergone one or two fieges ; but then 
 Specially, when the Barons wars allarm ’d all 
 England, and Smon de Montefort vigoroully af- 
 laulred it, though in vain, and cut down the 
 wooaen bridge. Inftead of w'hich, a curious 
 arch’d fione-bridge r(one of the linefl, if not 
 the very befi in England)! was afterwards built 
 with money rais’d out of the French fpoils, by 
 John Cobharn, and Robert * Kncrmks ; the latter* rawe 
 wnereof rais’d himfelf by his warlike courage, 
 ftom nothing, to the higheft pitch of honour f""'!!- 
 : Ol late years, it gave an additional title to 
 the Lord VFilmot of Adderbury in Com. Oxon. 
 who, in coniideration of his great and manyfi^- 
 nal fervices done to the Crown at home and 
 abroad, was created Earl of Rochefler by Let- 
 ters Patents, bearing date at Paris, Dec. I? 
 
 Idya 4 Car. a Who dying An. i 5 jp, wasfuc- 
 ceeded in his Honour by his only fon John, a 
 perfon ot extraordinary wit and learning He 
 dying without iliue July z 6 . i 6 So ; Lamrence 
 hyde, fecond foil to Edmard Earl of Clarendon, 
 Vilcount Hyde of Kenelmorth, and Baron of 
 Wotttm Buffet, was created Earl of Rechefler 
 Nov. ap 1682. 34 Car. a.! 
 
 The Medway polls thro’ the forefaid bridge 
 with a violent courfe like a torrent ; but pie- 
 fently growing more calm, attbrds 1 Dock toch.tI,»ni 
 the beft appointed Fleet that ever theSuufaw,TheRoyj 
 ready for Aflion upon all occafions, and built Nury. 
 
 .at gre.at cxpence by the moll Ihrcne Queen Eli- 
 zabeth for the fatety of her Kingdoms, and 
 the terror of her enemies ; who alfo, for the 
 feurity of it, rais’d a fort upon the bank. 
 
 I I his Tard was at firll confin’d to a narrow 
 flip on the edge of the river, beneath the 
 Church ; and furmlli’d only with one fmall 
 Dock. Which, becoming too llreight for the 
 then growing Service, was affign’d to the ufe of 
 the Office ofthe Ordnance (where it Hill remains,) 
 while that for the Navy was, about the year 
 id22, reniovdto tlie place where it now is. 
 
 l-innc T i n , r- - ' 
 
 by art and nature ;■ which, according to the 
 common Tradition, was built by Odo, Bifliop 
 of Bayeun mai. Earl of Kent. But without all 
 doubt, William i. was Founder of it. For 
 we read in Domefday, The Bifhop of Rovecefier 
 holds m Elesforde, for exchange of the ground upon 
 mhtch th cafUe fiands. It is certain however, 
 foat Bllhop Odo, depending upon an uncertain 
 Keyolution, held this againll William Rufus ; 
 and that at lall, for want of provifions, he did 
 ULT \ t degraded alfo, 
 
 atpuut. and quitted the Kingdom. As to the repair- 
 
 the 7ixttu 
 
 Textu,^4en.Ropnfts. IVhen WtUiam 2. mould not . confirm 
 
 US i t Hedcnha,/ 
 
 that Church, a County 4 Buckingham, to the Church of Roche- 
 Jter ; unlefs Lanfranck, and Gundulph Bifhop of 
 
 tions of Decks, launches, Store-houfes ( one, no 
 lefs than fix hundred fixty foot long) Mafl-lm- 
 jss, Eoat-hoiifes, &c, all ot' late ere&ion, exceed.- 
 ing what had ever been before known in the 
 Navy of England. All which being fo well fen- 
 ced with new Forts, fuch as thofeat Gillingham, 
 Cock/mm-woffd, the Swomp, &c. and order’d to 7 Ann. c. % 
 be further fortified by an exprefs Law to that 
 purpole perhaps there may not be a more 
 wmpleat Arfenal than this, in the whole world, 
 lo thele, add the Royal Fort of in Shhenefs. 
 
 the lOe ot Shepey ( wiiere, by the wa}-, there 
 hath been alfo eftabliflied a Yard, as an Ap- 
 pendix to Chatham, furniflied for anfweriiig 
 all occafions of Ships of lower rates, refort- 
 ing thither in time of Adtion: ) which fort was 
 built at the mouth of this river by K-ng 
 
 Charles 
 
 \ 
 

 Charles the fecond, and (lands more commodi- 
 oully for the fecurity of the ^River, than the 
 Caftle of Queenhorough did, which was built 
 there for that purpole by King Edward 3, but 
 
 is now demolifh’d. 
 
 At Chatbflm alfo is repofited that folemn and 
 only yet eflablifli^d Fond of Naval Charity for the 
 Telit'f of Perfons hurt at Sea in the fervice of the 
 CrowTii under the name of T’he Chefi at Chatham^ 
 inftitutedAn. 1 588. When, with the advice of Sir 
 Erancis Drake, Sir “John Hawkins, and others, the 
 Sea-men ferving the then Queen, did volunta- 
 rily affign a portion of each raan^s Pay to the 
 fuccour of their then w'ounded Fellows ; 
 which method, receiving Confirmation from the 
 Queen, has been ever fince maintain’d, and yet 
 continues. Here alfo was erefled an Hofpital 
 
 for the like pious ufe, at the private Cods of 
 Sir 'John Hawkins, in the 36*^ of the fame Queen. 
 
 And now, having touched upon all the Tards 
 and Docks in this County, in fuch order as their 
 fituation required i and this one County having 
 contributed more than the whole number be- 
 fide, to the Building, Repairing, Safe-harbouring, 
 and Equipping of the Navy of England we 
 will here give the Reader a fliort view of the 
 vaft Growth and Improvement of the faid Na- 
 vy in this and the laft age, according to the 
 C.alculation made f fome years fince by Samuel\ 
 Pepys Efq; a Perfon of great skill and experi- 
 ence in Naval Affairs ; and to whofe Informa- 
 tions the Reader is alfo indebted for the fore- 
 mentioned Accounts. 
 
 The different States of the Royal Navy. 
 
 In Mr. Camden s time. 
 
 At this day. 
 
 I. The number of Ships and Veflels, from 50 
 
 but— —40 Ships 
 
 above — 200 Ships. 
 
 
 under 2 36'oo Tons 
 under 7800 Men 
 
 above 1 12400 Tons, 
 above 45000 Mon. 
 
 3'. The number of Men requir’d for manning 
 
 A. The medium of it’s annual charge during 
 
 
 
 
 under 15500/. 
 under 96400 1. 
 
 
 «; years or«>,i[7-... 
 
 above 1620000 1. 
 
 
 Now Medway, grown fuller and broader, 
 makes a pleafant fhow with it’s curling waves ; 
 and pafles through fruitful fields, till, divided 
 by Shepey-Ifland (w'hich I fanfy is the fame that 
 Ptolemy calls Toliatis) it is carry ’d into the Ri- 
 ver of T’hames by two mouths ; the one where- 
 \xr ft r 1 of, weftward, is call’d Wefi-fwale ,* and the 
 sSr eaflern one, which feeras to have cut Shepey 
 Eafl-Twale. from the Continent, EaB-fwale ; but by Bede 
 Cenlad and Tenlett. This Ifiand, from xha Sheep 
 (a multitude whereof it feeds, ) was call d by 
 our Anceftors Shepey, i. e. an IJland of fheep : it 
 is exceeding fruitful in corn, but wants wood ; 
 and is twenty one miles in compafs. Upon the 
 northern fhore, it had a fmall Monaftery, now 
 Minftcr. call’d Minfie^', built by Sexburga, wife to Er- 
 combert King of Kent, in the year 7 10. Below 
 + So faid, atin. which, a certain Brabander f lately undertook 
 1607. to make brimftone and coperas, of (lones round 
 upon the fhore, by boyling them in a furnace. 
 * H«b C. Upon ■^''0 it * had a very beautlW 
 
 * and (Irong caftle, built by King Edward the 
 third, and was (as he himfeif exprelfes it) pka- 
 fant iw Jituation, the term of his enemies, and the 
 cmfirt of his fubjeBs. To this he added a Burgh, 
 and inhonourofP&%aofHainault his Queen, 
 
 Qjiieiilio. call’d it Queeniorough, i. e. the burgh of the Queen. 
 
 rough. II Q„g oj the Conftables of it, was Edward. Ho- 
 highly deferring honour and re 
 C. ^ fpeft, as having very much improv d his own 
 excellent Wit, with the ornaments of Learning. 
 
 Shurland. To the eaft is Shurland, formerly belonging to 
 *Now C. the Cbeineys, * afterwards to Philip Herbert {i&~ 
 
 * cond fon to Henry Earl of Pembroke) w'hora 
 King James fthe firft,l the fame day, created 
 Baron Herbert of Shurland, and Earl of Montgo- 
 mery i [which Hill remains in the fame Fa 
 raily. 
 
 The right honourable Eliz^abeth Lady Dacrei^ 
 mother to 'Thomas Earl of Sujfex, w'as enobled 
 with the title of Countefs of Shepey during life, 
 Sept. 6. i<58o, the 32“^ of Car. 2. Since whofe 
 death, in confideration of many eminent fer 
 
 vices done the Crown by the honourable Henry 
 Sidney Efqi fourth fon of Roben Earl of Lekefter, 
 the titles of Vifeount Shepey and Baron of Mil- 
 ton, near Sittinghourn, were both confer’d on 
 him by King U^illiam the third, April p. i68p, 
 who was alfo afterwards a'eated Earl of Rom- 
 ney, and made Lord Warden of the Cinque- 
 Ports, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and Mafter 
 of the Ordoance.1 
 
 This Ifland belongs to the Hundred of Mi- 
 dleton, fo called from the town of Midleton, now 
 Milton ; [and (as we juft now obferved) erefred Milton, 
 into a Barony.l It was formerly a Royal Vill, 
 and of much more note, than at prefent •, tho’ 
 
 Haftiiig the Danifh pyratc fortiiy’d a Caftle 
 hard by, in the year 893, with a defign to do 
 it all the mifehief he could fthe footfteps 
 w^hereof do yet remain at AeJ«/Zej-downs, be- 
 yond the Church. This they now call (as be- 
 ing overgTown with bufht-s ) the Caflle-niff, Caflle-ruff. 
 whither King Alfred coming againft him, for- 
 tified himlelf on the other fide of the water 
 the ditches of which fortification, and fome 
 fraall part of the ftone-work alio, ftill remain 
 by the name of Bavord-CecltlQ, * feemfontes Can-'*^ EXkt&i vi- 
 tianos, mear unto Sittingbourn. But the Dane ne- P- 44>4'5> 
 ver did the town of Milton fo much real mif- ^ * 
 chief, as did Godwin Earl of Kent ; who being 
 in rebellion againft Edward the Cont'eflbr, in the 
 year 1052, enter’d the King’s Town of Midle- 
 ton, and burnt it to the ground f j which, in all f Chran.Sax. 
 probability, ftood in thole days near the Church, 
 
 . and near a mile from the prefent town, and was, 
 upon the rebuilding, remov’d to the head of 
 the Creek, where it now (lands. I Near this, 
 is Sittinghourn, a town well ftor’d with Innsj fonceSittuigbourn. 
 both a Mayor and Market-l’owm, but now, 
 through difufe, enjoying neitlp*: 1 and the re- 
 mains of ToK^g-caftle, do alfo appear in the Tong, 
 neighbourhood : This laft was the raicient Seat 
 of Guncellin de Badilfmer, a perfon who enjoy’d The Fainily 
 great Honours; whofe fon Bartholomew was the Badilltner. 
 father of that GxinceUin, who by the heirefs of 
 G g Ralph 
 
235 
 
 C A N T I U M. 
 
 Ralph Fiz.-Bernardy Lord of Kin^downet had that 
 feditious Bartholomew mention’d before. He a- 
 gain, by Margaret Clare, had Giles, who dy d 
 without ifluc ; Margery, wife of William Roos 
 of Hamlak', Mawd, of John Vere Earl of Ox- 
 ford i Elix.abeth, of William Bohun, Earl of 
 Nortbatnpton, and afterwards of Edmund Morti- 
 mer ; and Margaret, of John Tiptoft : from 
 whence defeended a fplendid race of Prin- 
 ces and Noblemen. TNot far from Sittingbourn. 
 is fenham, from which place Sir fohn Roper, in 
 the time of King James the firft, was crea- 
 ted a Baron of this Realm, by the title of Lord 
 T'enham ; which is flill enjoyed by the fame fa- 
 mily.! 
 
 Next, I faw Feverfham, which is very com- 
 modioully fituated : for the moft plentiful part 
 of this Country lies round it, and it has a bay 
 very convenient for importation and exportati- 
 on ; by which means it fiourifhes at this day 
 
 f Vol. I. 
 p. 688. 
 
 II Hift. of 
 
 above it’s neighbours. And it Teems formerly alfo 
 to have made a good figure ; feeing King 2E- 
 
 * VruAentum thclftan held a * Meeting here of the Wife men 
 Conventus. of the Kingdom, and made feveral Laws, in 
 
 the year of our Lord 903 -, and that Stephen 
 who ufurp’d the Crown of England, built a 
 Monaftery for Cluniacs wherein himfelt, his 
 wHq Mawd, and his foil Euftace were all bury’d. 
 TAnd that this was founded for the Monks of 
 Clugpny, appears to be true by his foundation- 
 Charter printed in the f Monajlkon •, he taking 
 his firfl Abbot and Monks out of the Abbey 
 of Bermondfey of the fame Order : But yet 
 W'hAr. Somner, and * Mr. .SoKr/jow/i*, from the ab- 
 Cant,p.244. folutory Letters of Peter Abbot of Bermondfey, 
 
 * Monafiicon jiiid of the Prior and Monks of S. Mary de Ca- 
 
 finding Clarembaldns the firfl Abbot of 
 *» p. 7 j • pgrygyJJ^am, and his Monks, releas’d from all o- 
 bedience and lubje&ion to the Church of Clug- 
 •f Monaft. ”73 Abbot and Prior aforefaid f, are 
 
 Angl. p. 6S9. inclin’d to believe that the Abbot and Monks 
 of Fever foam (purfuant to their abfolution ) pre- 
 feutly took upon them the rule and habit of 
 S. Bennet. Notwithflanding, it is clear they 
 were flill cfleem’d of the Order of Clugny for 
 feveral years after j as farther appears by the 
 Confirmation-Charters of King Hmry 2, King 
 H Ibid. 33 ah printed in the i| Monafti- 
 
 688, 689. con ; and by the Bulls of Pope Innocent 3, Gre- 
 
 * MS. inter gory 10, and Boniface p, all in a * MS. book in 
 Munimenta_ Chriji-Church Canterbury. So that I guefs, the 
 
 on Mr. Somners and Mr. Soti- 
 thoufes fide ; the abfolutory Letters in all pro- 
 bability tending only to their abfolution from 
 thofe particular Houfes making any claim up- 
 on them, and not from the Order it lelf: tho’ 
 it cannot be deny’d but that the Abnot and 
 Monks of Reading w'ere at firfl Cluniacs, and 
 after became Benediciines, as perhaps thefe might 
 do fome years after their firfl foundation. And 
 thus much for the Ecclejiajiical hate of this 
 Towm. As for Secular matters, it has of late 
 days been honour’d by giving title to Sir George 
 Sands of Lees Court in this County, Knight of 
 the Bath, who, in confidcration of his faithful 
 fervices to King Charles i, was, by King Charles 
 2, advanced to the degree and dignity of a Ba- 
 ron of this Realm, by the title of Baron of 
 T'hrowky, as alfo of Vifeount Sands of Lees 
 Court, and Earl of Feverjham, by Letters Patents 
 bearing date at IVefiminfier April 8. 28 Car. 2, 
 which he was only to enjoy for term of life 
 with remainder to Lewis Lord Dwrtw Marquefs 
 of Blancpuefort in France, and Baron of Holdenby 
 in Engla-nd', w ho marrying the Lady Mary, el- 
 deft daughter of the faid George Earl of Fe-uer- 
 jhum, who dy’d Apr. 16. 1677, the faid Lord 
 lyuras, being naturalized by Aft of Parliament, 
 
 + Monad. 
 Angl. vol. I 
 
 p. 417- 
 
 ^36 
 
 An. 166$, fucceeded his Father-in-law in all 
 his titles f; by whofe death, that of Earl offDudg.Bar 
 Feverlham is no\v extindtj and Lees-Court afore- 
 f;.id is become a Cat of the Earl of Rocking- 
 ham, by marriage w'ith Catharin the filler of 
 Mary, and (lince the death of the Earl of Fe- 
 verlham) foie heir of that Eftatc. I 
 
 Near this place (as alfo in other parts of the 
 County) they difeover here and there pits of 
 great depth j which tho’ narrow at the top, 
 yet more inward are very capacious, having as 
 it were diftindt chambers, with pillars of Chalk. 
 
 Several opinions have been broaen’d about them. To wliat end 
 For my part, I have nothing to offer as my own the pits in 
 conjedture unlefs they were thofe pits out^®"^ flight 
 of which the Britains dug Chalk to manure*^ 
 their ground, as they are laid to have done by 
 Pliny. _ For (fays he) they usd to Jtnk pits a hun- 
 dred foot deep, narrow at the mouth, but within, of 
 g-reat compajs : and juft fucli, are thofe pits vve 
 'deferibe j nor are they met-with any where, but 
 in chalky grounds. Unlefs fome will imagine, 
 that the Englilh-Saxons might dig fuch holes 
 for the fame ufes the Germans did, from whom 
 they were defeended. T^hey were wont (fays Ta- 
 citus) to dig holes under-ground, and to cover them 
 with great quantities of dung ; thus, they prov’d a 
 refuge againfl winter, and a garner for their com ; 
 for the bitternefs of the cold is allay’d by fuch places. 
 
 And if at any time the enemy furprife them, he 
 phindcrs only what s open and expos’d i the fecret cor- 
 'ners and pits berng either altogether unknown, or fafe 
 upo'n this account, that they are to be fought for. ' 
 
 From thence, upon an open fhore abounding 
 with Ihell-filh, and particularly OyBers (the pits 
 of which are very common,) we fee Recuher, R.ecalm. 
 in Saxon Reaculp, but formerly by the Romans 
 and Britains Regulbium, as it is call’d in the Regulbium; 
 Notitia ; which tells us, that the Tribune of 
 tile firft Cohort of the Vetajians lay here ingar- 
 rifon, under the Count of the Saxon Ihore (for 
 fo in thofe times were the fca-coafts here-abouts, 
 ftil’d.) And it juftifies this it’s Antiquity, by 
 the coins of Romrai Emperors dug-up in it. 
 
 TThis is the firft Roman Watch-tower, that 
 comes in our way ; And thefe Cafilcs or JVateb- 
 towers being uluaJly built upon the highefl 
 ground that was near the placv, where it was 
 thought convenient they Ihould be let ,• we may 
 conclude, that this Hood in that fquare-plot of 
 riling ground, within which, afterwards, King 
 Etbelbcrt’s Palace, and after that, the Monajhry, 
 flood, and now the Minfler or Church only 
 Hands encompafs’d with the foundations of a 
 very thick wall : Which may polliblybe the re- 
 mains of this ancient Roman Fort ‘, it being of 
 the fame figure with the reft, that are Hill more 
 perfect. However, that it was fomewhere here- 
 abouts, the great number of Clfiems,^ Cedars, 
 
 &c. daily difeover’d by the fall ot the cliff, am- 
 ply teftify j together with the great quantities 
 of Roman brick or tile, 0 pm Mufivum, Coins, 
 
 Fibula, Gold-wire, Ear-rings, Bracelets, &c. dai- 
 ly found in the lands. Which yet do all come 
 from the land-ward, upon the fall of the cliffs ; 
 the earthen parts whereof being waHi’d away 
 by the Sea, thele metalline fubitances remain 
 likewife behind in the fands, whence the^ sre 
 conftaiuly pick’d out by the poor people of the 
 place. ^ And thefe they find here in fuch great 
 quantities, that we mull needs conclude it to 
 have been a place heretofore of great extent, 
 and very populous ; and that it has one time or 
 ocher underwent fome great devaftatioii either 
 by war or fire, or both. I think I may be 
 confident of the latter, there being many pat- 
 terns tbijnd of metals run together, whereof 
 the Reverend Hr. Batteley, late Arch-Deacon of 
 
 Cwnter- 
 
KENT. 
 
 238 
 
 ' — Canterbury (a curious and skiitul Collector ot 
 fuch like Antiquities) had a cogent proot, viz.. 
 of a piece of Copper and Gold thus joyned in 
 the melting, ^vhich he had from thence. About 
 half a mile off, there appears in the Ciitf, a 
 phlloroph. Stratum of fhdls of the white Conchites, in a 
 Xranfaft. grccnifh Sand, not above two foot from the 
 N. 268* beach.l jEthclberc King of Kent, when he 
 gave Canterbury to the Monk, built here 
 
 a palace for himfelf j Bajfo a Saxon adorn’d it 
 with a Monaflery, out of which Brightwald, 
 the eighth in the See of Canterbury, was call’d 
 to be Archbifhop. Whereupon, it w'as from 
 Raculf-min- the Monaflery call’d alfo Raculj-minjier, w)icn 
 Her. Edred, brother to the Elder, gave it to 
 
 Chrifl-Church in Canterbury. At this day, it 
 is nothing but a little Country-village, and the 
 fmall reputation it has, is deriv’d from that 
 Monaflery, the towers w'hereof in the form of 
 Pyramids, are of ufc to fea-men for the avoid- 
 ing of fands and fhelves in the mouth of the 
 Jfadrknui river Thames. For as a certain Poet has it in 
 
 yunius. Hoi- bis PhilippfB : 
 in marg. 
 
 Cernit olorifenm T’amifim fua Dpridi a-^ 
 mara 
 
 Flumina mijeentem. — 
 
 Sees 77 )<i»icirenown’d for Swans, with brack- 
 ifll waves 
 
 Mix her pure ftream.- 
 
 Afliford. 
 
 ,Wy. 
 
 TThe Sea hath got all the Town, except a 
 very few houfes, and the Church it felf is in 
 great danger to be lofl ; for the preferving of 
 which, there are men almoft continually em- 
 ploy’d to make good the Walls or Banh^ 
 
 Now we are come to the Ifle of T'hanet j 
 which }S divided from the Continent by the 
 fmall chanel of the river Stour, called by Bede 
 TVantfum, and made up of two different rivers 
 Weald. * in that wQody trad ^nam’d the Weald j fnear 
 Hotlifield. one of which, frauds Hothfield, a Seat of the 
 ’ Earl of Thaiiet.l AfToon as the Stour gets in- 
 to one chanel, it vilits Afiford and Wy, noted 
 market-towns, but fmall. Both of them had 
 their College of Priefrs i that at the latter was 
 built by John Kemp Archbifhop of Canterbury, 
 a native of the places iTVy had a lofty Steeple 
 in the middle, the Spire whereof was formerly 
 fired by lightning, and burnt down to the 
 Stone-work or Tower ; w hich too, of late, for 
 want of timely repair, fell down of it felf, and 
 beat down the greateft part of the Church ; 
 where it now lies in it’s ruins.l It had alfo 
 a peculiar Weil, into which God was moved to 
 inhife a wonderful virtue by the Prayers of a 
 certain Norman Monk ; if we may believe Ro- 
 Fag* 457 * ger Hoveden, whom I would by all means re- 
 commend to you, if you are an admirer of Mi- 
 Eaft-well. racles. Next, the Stour fleaving Eaft-v^ell, the 
 Seat of the Earl of Wincheifea, and pafling 
 by Olanige or Olamigh, i. c. an Eight or Illand,! 
 Chilhara. Chilham, or as others call it Julha?n, 
 
 where are the Ruins of an ancient Caftle, that 
 Mbert ot Ftilbert of Dover is faid to have built j 
 which family foop ended in an heir female, mar- 
 ry’d to Richard, natural fon of King John, to 
 ■whom fhe brought this Cafrlc and very large 
 poflefrions. He had tw'o daughters by her, Lora, 
 wife of William Marmion j and Ijabel, wife of 
 David de Strathbolgy Earl of Athole in Scot- 
 land, and mother to that John Earl of Athole, 
 1306. who, having been fentcnc’d for repeated trea- 
 
 dead and beheaded j and the trunk of his body 
 thrown into the fire : a punifliment too inhu- 
 man, and very rarely pradis’d in this kingdom. 
 
 Hereupon, his goods being confifeate. King 
 Edward the firfl gave thisCafrle with the Hun- 
 dred of Felebergh to Bartholomew de BadiJfmer 5 
 but he alfo, within a fliort time, forfeited both 
 lor Treafon ; as I obferv’d but juft now. 
 
 It is a current Opinion among the Inhabi- 
 tants, that Julius Cxfar encamp’d liere in his 
 fecond expedition againft the Britains,and th.at 
 thence it was call’d Julham, .as if one fhould 
 fay, JuUms fiation, or houfe ; and, if I mifrake 
 not, they have truth on their fide. For Cscfar 
 hinifelf tells tts, that after he had march’d by 
 night twelve miles from the ftiore, he firft en- 
 counter’d the Biitaiiis upon a River ,• and, af- 
 ter he had beat them into the woods, that he 
 encamp’d there 5 wiiere the Eritains, having 
 cut dow'n a great number of trees, were pofred 
 in a place wonderfully fortify ’d both by natulre, 
 and art. Now, this place is exaftly * twelve * jt is /a/i to 
 miles from the fea-coaft ; nor is there a river be more, 
 between ; fo tliat of necefiity his firft march 
 muft have been hither ; w-here he kept his' men 
 cncampM for ten days, till he had refitted his 
 Fleet (which had been fltatter’d very much by a 
 Storm,) and got it to firore. Below this to-wn, 
 is a green barrow, faid to be the burying-place 
 of one Jvl'Laber many sgt‘s fince ; who, fome 
 , will tell you, was a Giant, others a Witch. For 
 my own part, imagining all along that there 
 might be fomething of real Antiquity couch’d 
 under that name, I am almoft perfwaded that 
 Laberius Durm the Tribune, {lain by the Bri-j^g^jerms Du. 
 tains in their march from the Camp we fpokerus the Tri- 
 of, was buried here ; and that from him thebune. 
 Barrow\^as ccdlidJul-Laher. 
 
 [Pieloss Chilham is Chanham, where, in the year Chartham. 
 166%, in the finking of a Well, w^as found, about 
 feventeeii foot deep, a parcel of jlrange an<i nion- 
 firom Bones, together with four perfect and 
 found, but in a manner petrified aiid turned 
 into Stone : each almoft as big as the hand ot 
 
 man. They are fuppofed by * learned and somner, 
 
 dicious Perfons, who have feen and confidered jfPJ. 
 
 them, to be the bones of fome large Marine A-]is, Philof. 
 nimal which had periflicd there, and that theTranf. N. 
 long Vale of twenty miles or more, through 272,275,27 . 
 which the river Stour runs, was formerly an 
 Arm of the Sea (the river, as they conceive, 
 being named Stour from jE/luarium ; ) and laft- 
 ly, that the Sea, having by degrees filled up 
 this Vale with Earth, Sand, Oufe, and other 
 matter, did then ceafe to difeharge it felf this 
 way,wlien it broke through the ^hmm between 
 Dover and Calais. Another opinion is, that 
 they are the bones of Elephants ; abundance of 
 which were brought over into Britain by the 
 Emperor Claudipu, who landed near Sandwich, 
 and who therefore might probably con^e this 
 way in his march to the Thames j the fliape 
 and bignefs of thefe teeth agreeing alio with a 
 f late defeription of the Grinders ol an Elephant j ^ 
 and their depth under-ground, being ( as is Ana- 
 conceived ) probably accounted-ior, by the tom. Account, 
 continual waftiings-down of earth from the 
 
 Hills.1 , , . , 
 
 At five miles diftance from Chilham atordaid, 
 the Stour (dividing it’s chanel) runs with a 
 Iwift current to Durovernum, the chief City of 
 this County, to which City it gives the 
 name ; for Durwhern figiiifies in Britifh a rapid 
 river. It is call’d by 'Ptolemy, inftead of Duro- 
 
 fons (to make his punifliment Exemplary and I vernum, Darvemum by Bede and Ocher^, Do- 
 publick, in proportion to the greatnefs of his \ rohernia\ by tht.' Saxons Caiio-pap^bypit,, 1. e. 
 birth) was bang’d at London upon a gallows U/?e City_ of^ the people of Kent , by mnius ..n 
 fifty foot high, and taken down when half-lthe Britains Caey Kent, 1. e. the Cttyoj Kent, y 
 
2 39 
 
 C A NT IV M. 
 
 24.0 
 
 Carterburj'.uSj CuKterbuYy, and by the Latins, Ciintuaria. A 
 very aiicknt City it is, and no doubt was fa- 
 mous in the times of the Romans. Not very 
 large (as Malmesbury fays) nor very little fa- 
 mous for it^s good Jituationi for the rkhnefs of the 
 neighbouring loil,Jor the entirenefs of the voaSs enclo- 
 fing iti fr it’s conveniences of "water and wood : and 
 befdes all this, by reafon of the nearnefs of the Sea, it 
 has fifh in abundance. While the Saxon He^ar- 
 ' - ftouriHi’d, it was the Capital city of the 
 
 Englifli A' 
 poftle. 
 
 Kini^domof Kent, and the feat of their Kings; 
 Aufiin the Ring Ethelbert gave it with the Royalties to 
 jitijlin, when confecrated Archbifliop of the En- 
 glifh nation ; W'ho here fix"d a Sec for himfelf and 
 SuccelVors. And though the Metropolitan-di^- 
 Vhata Pal] together with the honour of the PaU {this 
 
 '• was a Bifliop’s veftment, going over the fhoul- 
 
 ders, made of a llieep's skin, in memory of 
 him who fought the Loft fheep, and when he 
 had found it, lay’d it on his fhoulders ; and 
 was embroider’d with Crofles, and taken off 
 the body or cofEn of St. Peter) were fettled 
 at London by St. Gregory, Pope, for tlie ho- 
 nour of S. Auguftine ; it was remov’d hither, 
 An. 793. por Kenulfus King of the Mercians writes thus 
 to Pope Leo. Becaufe Auguftine of bleffed me- 
 mory {who firfi preach’d the word of God to the 
 Englifb nation, and glorioufly prefidedover the Church- 
 es of Saxony in the city of Canterbury) is now dead, 
 and his body bury d in the Church of St. Peter Prince 
 of the Apoflles (which his Succejfor Laurentius con- 
 fecrated', ) it feemeth good to all Wife-men of our 
 nation, that that City fhoiild have the Metropolitan 
 Ijonour, where his body is bury’ d who planted the true 
 faith in thofe parts. Bur whether or no the Archi- 
 epifcopal See and Metropolitical Dignity of this 
 Nation, were fettled here by authority of the 
 Wife-men, i. e. (to fpeak agreeably to our pre- 
 fent times ) by authority of Parliament j or by 
 Auftin himfelf, in his life-time, as others 
 would haVe it : it is certain, that the Popes 
 immediately fuccceding, fix’d it fo firm to this 
 place, that they decreed an Anathema, and hell- 
 fire, to any one that fhould prefume to remove 
 it. From that time, it is incredible how the 
 Place flourifh’d, both by the Archiepifeo- 
 pal Dignic)', and alfo a School which Theo- 
 dore the fuvench Archbifliop founded there. And 
 though it was m.uch fhatter’d in the Danifh 
 wars, and has been feveral times almofl: quite 
 deftroy’d by the cafualties of fire ; yet it has 
 always rifeii again with greater beauty. 
 
 After the coming-in of the Normans, when 
 "U^illiam Rufus (as it is in the Regifter of S. 
 AuguTiines Abby) had given the City of Canter- 
 bury entirely to the Bijloops, which they had former- 
 ly held only by courtejle ; by the relation which it 
 bore to Religion, and by the bounty of it’s 
 Prelates (cfpccially of Simon Sudhury, who re- 
 pair’d the walls,) it did not only recruit, but 
 on a ludden grew up to fuch fplendour, as even 
 for the beauty of it’s private buildings to be 
 equal to any City in Britain ; but for the mag- 
 nificence of it’s Churches, and tlieir number, to 
 exceed the beftolthem. Amongft thefe, there, 
 f- Are, C. fweretwo peculiarly eminent, C/’rz/?’s and S.Au- 
 flins ; both inftituted for Benedidline Monks. 
 As for Chrifi-Cburch, it is in the very heart of 
 the City, and rifes with fo much Majefty, that, 
 even at a diftaneb, it imprints upon the mind 
 a fort of Religious veneration. The fame Au- 
 ftin that I fpokc of before, repair’d this 
 Church, which (as Bede tolls us) had formerly 
 been built by the Romans that were Chrifti- 
 ans : he di.dicated it to Chrijl, and it became a 
 See h r his Succelibrs, wiiich 80 Archbifhops 
 have no\ hi a continu’d Succefilon Le a pof- 
 iCio d ei. Ot \Mioiii, LiunyrunK auu Ccr~ 
 
 boyl, when that more ancient fabrick was burnt 
 down, rais’d the upper parr of the Church to 
 that Majefty whereiri it now appears ; as their 
 Succeflbrs did the lower part : both done at 
 great charges, to which the pious luperftition 
 of former ages, very liberally contributed. For 
 numbers of all forts (of the higheft, middle, 
 and loweft ranks,) flock’d hither \s ith large of- 
 ferings, to vilit the 'I'omb of Tfimiaa Bucket 
 Archbifhop. He was Haiti in this Church 
 by the Courtiers, for oppofing the King too 
 refolutely and warmly in D.hlnce of the Liber- 
 ties of the Church ; and was regifter’d on that 
 account by the Pope in the Kalendar of Mar- 
 tyrs, and had divine honours pay ’a him, and 
 was fo loaded with rich ofierings, that gold 
 was one of the meaneft 'Freafur'.s of his Siirine. 
 
 AH (fays Eraftnus, who was an eye-witnefs) 
 f}}in d, fparkl’d, glitter’d with rare and very targe 
 jewels ; and even in tloe whole Church appear’d a 
 profufenefs above that of Kings. TAnd, at the dif- 
 folution, t the Plate and Jewels filled two great+ Monaft. 
 Chefts, each whereof required eight Angl. m i; 
 to carry them out of the Clmrch.l So chai. cheP* 
 name of Chrifl^ \ to whom it was dedicated! was 
 almoft laid alide, for that of S. 'thoman. Nor 
 was it fo much' fam’d for aii) other thing, as 
 the memory and burial of this Man ; tho’ it 
 has fome other Tombs that might defervedly 
 be boafted of, particularly that of EdwardPnnzQ 
 of Wales, firiium’d the Black (a heroc, for bis 
 warlike Valour, almoft a miracle,) and of that 
 potent Prince, King Henry the fourth. But 
 King Henry 8. difpers’d ail this -wcaltii which 
 had been fo long in gathering, and drove out 
 the Monks ; in lieu whereof! Chrift-Churcli 
 has a Dean, Archdeacon, twelve Prebendaries, 
 and fix Preachers, whofe bufinefs it is to pi^mt 
 the word of God in the neighbouring Place.s. It 
 had another Church below the City to the Eaft, 
 which difputed pre-eminence with this, known 
 by the name of St. AuGnis, becaufe St. Au-^^AugKjUnt't 
 ftjn himfelf, and King Etii Joert by his advice, 
 founded it to the honour of Sc. Peter and St. ' “ 
 Paul, for a burying-place both of the Kings of 
 Kent and the Archbifliops (for it was not tnen 
 lawful to bury in Cities : ) It was richly en- 
 dow d by them ; and the Abbot there had a 
 Mint granted him, and the Privilege of Coyn- 
 ing. r* After the Diiiblucion,! tho’ the greateft * Now, C; 
 part of it t lay in ruins, and the reft * was turn’d f Lies, C. 
 into a houfe for the King, yet any one that*f*j 
 II beheld it, might from thence eafily apprehend '' 
 what it t had been. Aufiin himfelf was bury’d inx yis C. 
 the Porch of it, and (as T'bomcaa Spot has told * 
 us) \vitli this Epitaph : 
 
 Inclytm AngUm 7 n prafil pius, & decpn 
 ahum, 
 
 Hie Augufiinus requiefdt corpore fanSlpH. 
 
 The Kingdom’s honour, and the Church’s 
 grace. 
 
 Here AuHin, England’s blcft Apoftle, lays, 
 
 But Bede, who is a better Authority, aft'ures 
 us, that he had over him this much more an- 
 cient infeription. 
 
 ♦ 73 , C. 
 
 HIC REqyiESCIT DOMINVS AV- 
 GVSTINVS DOROVERNENSIS AR- 
 CHIEPISCOPVS PRIMVS, QVI OLIM 
 HVC A BiiATO GREGORIO ROMA- 
 NCE VRBIS PONTIFICE DIRECT VS. 
 ET A DEO OPERATIONS MIRACV- 
 lORVM bVFi VLTVS, ET ETHELBER' 
 
 THVM 
 
KENT. 
 
 24.1 
 
 XHVM regem AC GENTEM ILLIVS 
 ab idolorvm cvltv ad fidem 
 
 CHRISTI PERDVXIT, ET COMPLETIS 
 IK PACE DIEBVS OFFICII SVI DE- 
 FVKCTVS EST SEPTIMO KALEN- 
 
 das ivkias, eodem rege reg- 
 
 KAKTE. 
 
 'That is, 
 
 Hei-e refieth S. AugufUne the firfi Archbifiop of 
 Canterbury, v^ho being formerly fent hither by the 
 Blejfed Gregory, Eijhop of Rome, and fupported of 
 God by the working of miracles ; both converted 
 Ethelbert with his kingdom from theworjhip of Idols 
 to the faith of Chrifi j and alfo, hawng fulfilled the 
 days of his Office, df d on the of the Kalends of 
 
 fime, in the fame Kings rei^. 
 
 fAgainft the Authority of this Infcription, 
 and the pretence thereof to fo great Antiquity, 
 it is juftly objected, that the ftile Archiepifcopus 
 Still. Orig. could not then be in the Weftern Church j as 
 p. 21, 227 not being commonly allowed to Metropolitans 
 (according to MabiQon and others) till about 
 the ninth Century ,1 
 
 With him, there were bury’d in the fame 
 porch the fix Archbifhops who immediately 
 fucceeded ; and, in honour of the whole feven, 
 namely, Aufiin, Laurentius, MeDitus, yufim, Ho~ 
 norius, Dem-dedit, and Theodofius, were thefe 
 verfes engraven in marble, 
 
 SEPTEM SUNT AKGT.T PRIMATES 
 ET PROTOPATRES, 
 
 SEPTEM RECTORES, SEPTEM COE- 
 EOQVE TRIONES; 
 
 SEPTEM CISTERNAE VITAE, 
 SEPTEMQVE LVCERNAE ; 
 
 ET SEPTEM PALMAE REGNI, SEP- 
 TEMQVE CORONAE, 
 
 SEPTEM SVNT STELLAE, QVAS 
 HAEC TENET AREA CELLAR 
 
 Seven Patriarchs of England, Primates 
 feven. 
 
 Seven Redors, and feven Labourers in 
 heaven. 
 
 Seven Cifterns pure of life, feven Lamps 
 of light, 
 
 Seven Palms, and of this Realm feven 
 Crowns full bright. 
 
 Seven Stars are here beftow’d in vault 
 below. 
 
 It will not be material, to take notice of 
 nother Church near this ; which (as Bede has 
 it) was built by the Romans, and dedicated 
 to S. Martin--, and in which (before the coming 
 of Aufiin) Bertha, of the blood Royal of the 
 Franks, and wife of Ethelbert, was us’d to have 
 divine Service celebrated in the Chriftian way. 
 As to the Cafile, which appears on the fouth- 
 fide of the City, with it’s decay’d bulwarks 
 fince it does not feem to be of any great Anti- 
 quity, I have nothing memorable to fay of it ; 
 
 + Ratter by ^'^Et by the f Normans. 
 
 the Saxons. Of the dignity of the See of Canterbury, which 
 was formerly exceeding great, I fhall only fay 
 thus much ; that as in former ages, under the 
 Hierarchy of the Church of Rome, the Arch- 
 bifhops of Canterbury were Primates of all 
 England, Legates of the Pope, and(fo Pope Ur- 
 ban 2. exprels’d it) as it were Patriarciis of the 
 
 242 
 
 other world ; 10 when the Pope’s Authority 
 was thrown oft, it was decreed by a Synod 
 held in the year 1534, that, laying afide that 
 title, they fhould be ftill Primates and Afen-opo-pi-imate and 
 litim 0^ all England. This dignity was * lately Metropolitan 
 polfefs d by the mofi reverend Father in God, Erg- 
 John Whitgift who, having conlecrated his * 
 whole life to God, and all his labours to thejnn? 1607. 
 ferv’ice of the Church, dy’d in the year 1604, 
 extremely lamented by all good men. He w'as 
 fucceeded by Richard Bancroft, a perfon of fin- 
 gular courage and prudence in all matters rela- 
 ting to the Difeipline and Efir.blifliment of the 
 Church. TAs to it’s prefent State, it is a City 
 of great trade j to which the Foreigners in it 
 feem to have contributed very much. They 
 are partly Walloons, and partly French ; the firfi 
 (being driven out of Artois, and other Provin- 
 ces of the Spanifh Netherlands, in the reign of 
 Queen Elizabeth, for adhering to the Reformed 
 Religion) c;.me and fettled here, and brought 
 along with them the Art of w'eaving Silk, into 
 this Kingdom. And this is now improv’d to 
 fuch perfection, that the filks woven at Canter- 
 bury, equal, if not exceed, any foreign filk 
 whatfoever ; great quantities being fent to Lon- 
 don, where it is ^'ery mucli efieem’d by the 
 Merchants. The fettlement of the French is 
 but of late date, only fince the iafi perfecuti- 
 on under Lewis the 14^*’, but they are nume- ' 
 
 rous, and very indufirious, m.aintaining tneir ' , 
 own poor, and. living frugally. In the Publick 
 Service, they joyii with tiie Walloons, who have 
 a large place allow’d them near the Cathedral ; 
 and thefe, together, make a very great Congre- 
 tion.l Canterbury is fifty one degrees, fixteen 
 minutes in Latitude ; and twenty four degrees, 
 fifty one minutes in Longitude. 
 
 The Stour, having garner’d it’s waters into 
 one chanel, mns by Hackington,\\hnTe Lora Coun-'HacJtIng- 
 tefs of Leicefier, a very honoufaole Lady in her ton. 
 time, (Quitting the pleafures of the w^orld, fe- 
 quefter d her felt from ail commerce with it, 
 and devoted her whole life to the fervice of 
 God. At which rime, Baldwin, Archbifhop 
 of Canterbury, begun a Church in this place 
 to the honour of S. Stephen, and of Thomas 
 of Canterbury but, the Authority of the 
 Pope prohibiting it, for fear it fhould tend 
 to the prejudice of the Monks of Canter- 
 bury, he let the defign fall. However, from 
 that time the place has kept the name of 
 
 Stephen^', and Sir Roger Manwood Knight, S. Stephens. 
 Chief Baron of the Exchequer, a perfon of great 
 knowledge in our Common Law (to whofe 
 munificence the poor inhabitants are very much 
 indebted,) was f lately it’s greatefi ornament j^Sofaid, 
 nor * was his fon, Sir Peter Manwood (Knightann. 1607. 
 of the Bath) a lefs honour to it, whom I could* Lj C. 
 not but mention wiLh this refpeft, fince he f was 4 is, C. 
 fo eminent an Encourager of virtue, learning, 
 and learned men. From hence, the Stour, by 
 Fordkh (which in Domefday-book is call’d weFordkh, 
 little burrough of Forewich) famous for it’s excel- 
 lent trouts i pafles on to Sturtmoutb, where itSturemouth. 
 divides it’s w'aters into two chanels j and, lea- 
 ving that name, is call’d Wantfume, and makes 
 the life of Thanet on the w^efi and fouth-fides,ifleof Tha- 
 which on other parts is w.afh’d by the fea. So- net. 
 linus call’d this Athanaton, and in fome Co- 
 pies Thanaton ; the Britains his Ruhin (as Af- 
 fer witnefles,) polfibly for Rhutupin, from the 
 City Rhutupium hard by the Saxons, Tanec 
 and Tanedand ; and we, Tenet. The foil isaxenet. 
 white chalk, and very fruitful in corn and grafs; 
 it is eight miles in length, and ibur in breadth;^ whaewas 
 and was reckon’d formerly to have (omefis hun--^^ Engliih 
 dred * families in it ; upon which, it is corruptly call’d a 
 
 H h read and 
 
243 
 
 C J NT lU M. 
 
 244 
 
 confifled C^s read in Bede, 7nilliarium fexcentorumy i. e. fix 
 'tisthoughO hundred miles, inftead of familiarum fexcenta- 
 hundred families. As to what So- 
 folme"rly VL" linus oblervcs, that there are no fnakes in this 
 milia.Manfa, liUndy and that Earth carry’d from hence kills 
 and Manens. ^hem J Experience has difcover d it to be an 
 » Now, 15, jhat Etymology ctVJ to Wts, 
 
 from the death of ferpents, falls to the ground. 
 Here was the firft landing of the Saxons ; here 
 .they firft fettled, by the permilTion of Vorti- 
 gern ; here was their place of refuge j and here 
 it was, that Guortimer the Britain gave them 
 Zaph tituli. that bloody defeat, when at the La^is T'ituli (for 
 fo Ninnius calls it, as we, almoft in the fame 
 fenfe, Smar ; and it appears to have been a 
 • harboury) he oblig’d them to make a hafty and 
 dilorderly retreat to their Pinnaces, or little 
 boats. [The only Objection againft this Ana- 
 logy between Lapis tituli and Stanat, is, that 
 in the fame ancient Records it is written, not 
 Smar, but Ejiamre which writing, however, 
 {hews it to have been a landing-place, as the 
 fame termination doth in Cerdkefore, Cymene- 
 fore, and other harbours.l In this place (as the 
 fame Author tells us) Guortimer commanded 
 them to bury him, as a means to curb the info- 
 lence of the Saxons : like Scipio Africanus, who 
 order’d his Tomb to be fo contriv’d, as to look 
 towards Africa ; thinking, that even the fight 
 of it would call a terror upon tlie Cartha- 
 4 Forts and ginians. f f Mr, Somner, and after him * the 
 Ports, p. 94, Lord Biftiop of Worcefter, feem rather inclin’d, 
 9/» 97 ; from fomerefemblance of the name, and the 
 P rl}' ^"^’reafons following, to place this at Folkjione or 
 
 ^ * Lapis populi -y Stonar nothmsg fupra 
 
 ripam Gallici marts (upon the bank of the French- 
 fea,) as Ninnius deicribes his lapis tituli to be ; 
 nor ftanding high, but in a low place, apt to 
 be overflow’d, and therefore unfit for erefting 
 a confpicuous Monument, that was defign’d to 
 ftrike a terror at a diftance j both which are 
 more agreeable to Folkjione : and laftly, becaufe 
 Ninni^ is not exprels, that Lapis tituli was in 
 + Cap. 4^, ‘fhanety fas he is concerning three other bat- 
 ties before : whence they conclude (and per- 
 haps rightly) that had it been in ‘Thanet, he 
 would have told us fo, as he did in the reft 
 which yet, being a queftion too intricate to be 
 debated here, is wholly left to the decifion of 
 the Reader ^ It was alfo in this Ifland, at IVip- 
 yiipptiicete.pedjleete (fo call’d from Wipped a Saxon flain 
 there,) that Hengift routed the Britains, after 
 they were almoft worn out with a long courfe 
 of Engagements ; fand yet a defeat here 
 (unlefs it may be an objeftion againft fixing 
 JVippedjleete in this place,) makes it look, as if 
 the Saxons had been almoft driven out of the 
 Nation again : whereas they had defeated the 
 Britains in many battles juft before, and dri- 
 ven them our of Kent, as is evident from the 
 Ann. 4^5, Saxon Chronicle.! Many years after, Auftin 
 457 » 465. landed in this Ifland, to whofe blefling the cre- 
 dulous Priefts aferib’d the fruitfulnefs of it 
 and Gotcelin, a Monk, cries out, Tanet, a 
 . land happy in fruitjulnefs, but moji of all happy for 
 it s aforditig reception to fo many guejis v^ho brought 
 God along vsith them, or rather, to jo many citiz^ens 
 11 Tkhd, C. heuajen. Egbert, |] the eighth King of Kent, 
 to appeafe the Lady Domneua, whom he had 
 - formerly very much injur’d, granted her a fair 
 eitate here, f (as much as a Hind fhould run 
 over at one courfe, which amounted to no lefs 
 than forty eight plough-lands, about a third 
 parrot the luand j as appears by the Map in 
 Vol. I. p. 34. the Monafticon, and the Courfe delineated in 
 Minftir, itj ) 1 upon which Ihe built a Nunnery for fe- 
 veniy Virgins: Mildred\ 70 & Priorefs there; who 
 tor her ianctity was kalender’d among the 
 
 Saints. The Kings of Kent were very liberal 
 to it ; efpecially IVithred, W'ho ( to fhow the 
 Cuftom of that age, from this particular Do- 
 nation) in order to complete his Grant, laid a turf 
 of the ground he gave, upon the holy Altar. After- 
 wards, this Ifland was fo harrafs’d by the plun- 
 dering Danes (who by all kinds of cruelty poUutei 
 this Monajiery of Domiicua) that it aid not re- 
 cover;, before the fettlement of the Norman 
 Government. 
 
 Nor muft I here omit the mention of ayfjg 
 thing very much to the honour of the Inhabi- duftryTf 
 taiits, thofe efpecially who live near the roads tbefc parts, 
 or harbours of Margat, Ramfgate, and Erodjiear : 
 namely,That they are exceeding induftrious, and 
 are as it W'ere Amphibious creatures, and get their 
 living both by fea and land : they deal in both 
 elements, are both fifhers and ploughmen, both 
 husbandmen and mariners ; and the felf fame 
 hand that holds the plough, fteers the fhip. 
 According to the feveral feafons, they make 
 nets, fifh for * Cod, Herring, Mackarel, 6'c.*Afclk, 
 go to fea themlelves, and export their own 
 commodities. And thofe very men alfo dung 
 their ground, plough, fow, harrow, reap, inne; 
 being quick and active in both employments : 
 and fo, the courfe of their Labours runs round. 
 
 And when there happen any Ihipwracks, as 
 there do here now and then (for thofe (hallows 
 and t fiielves fo much dreaded by fea-men, lief Pulrlnl; 
 over-againft it ; namely, the Godwin, of which 
 in its proper place among the Iflands, the 
 Brakes, the Four-foot, the JVhitdick, &c.) they are 
 extremely induftrious to fave the Lading, f Of 
 late years, this Ifland hath been advanced to 
 the Honour of an Earldom ; the title of Earl 
 of TJhanet being defervedly given to Sir Nicholai 
 Tufton, Baron T'ufton of Tufton in Com. Suffex, 
 
 (4 Car. I.) who, dying the 30'^ of "fune. An. 
 
 16^2, was fucceeded by hiseldeft furvivingfon 
 John, who, by his wife Margaret, eldeft daugh- 
 ter and coheir of Richard Earl of Dorfet, having 
 fix fons, Nicholm, yohn, Richard, TJhomai, Sack' 
 vill, and George', and dying MayxhQ 7'^ 166^, 
 
 II hath been already fucceeded by four of themq| Oudg. Biri 
 his fourth fon 'Thomas, a perfon of great ho- vol. 2. p. 454. 
 nour and vertue, and of moft exemplary Cha- 
 rity, being now Earl of Tbanet.'\ 
 
 On the fouth-fide of the mouth of Wantfum, 
 
 (which they imagine has chang’d it’s chanel) 
 and over-againft the Ifland, was a City, call’d 
 by Ptolemy Rhutupia ; by Tacitus Portm Tl^^a-Rhotuplj:. 
 lenjis for Rhutupenjis, if B. Rhenanus’s con-Portus Tru; 
 jedure hold good j by Antoninus Rhitupis par' 
 tus ; by Ammianus Rhutupia Jlatio ; by O- 
 rofius the port and city of Rlmubm ', by the Sax- 
 ons (according to Bede) Reptacejier, and by 
 others Ruptitnuth ; by Alfred of Beverley Rich- 
 berge and at this day Richborrow : Thus has R.khborrow< 
 time fported in varying one and the fame name. 
 
 FBut whether Rhutupia was the fame with the 
 Portm Rutupenfis, Rutupia Jiatio, or the old Rup- 
 timuth, is ( 1 confefs ) a queftion among the 
 learned. * Mr. Somner, it is plain, would have * Ports and 
 them to be two places, contrary to the opinion ^*®*'*®j 
 oiLeland, Lambard, and others; wherein, in the 
 general he may be right ; but it is by no means 
 probable, that our Portm Rutupenfis was Sand- 
 wich, but rather Stonar, which he himfelf al- 
 lows to have been an ancient Port. Sandwich 
 indeed lies well-nigh as near to the old Rutupi- 
 urn, as Stonar docs, and confequently might as 
 defervedly have aflum’d the name of Portus Ru- 
 tupenjis, as Stonar could, had it had the fame 
 conveniencies in point of fituation for fuch a 
 purpofe, that Stonar once had; for this, evident- 
 ly, was the road W'here the (hips lay, that came 
 ad urbem Rutupia, as Ptolemy calls it, which was 
 
 a little 
 
KENT. 
 
 116 
 
 
 a little mile higher in the Country ; juft as 
 
 Leith in Scotland is the Port to Edenburghy and 
 Topjham in England to Exeter. And this too 
 denwic, was afterwards the LundenwiCy or the Port to 
 which all fuch as traded either to London from 
 foreign parts, or from London into foreign parts, 
 had their chief refort.1 What the original of the 
 name might be, is not certainly agreed on. But 
 fince Sandwich and Sandibay, places near this, 
 r(if there was the port,)! have their name from 
 Sand, ahd BJ^yd Tufith in Britifh lignifies a fan- 
 dyford ; I would willingly derive it from thence. 
 I'he City was ftretch’d out along the defcent 
 of a hill i and there was a tower upon a high 
 ground, that over-look’d the Sea : which now 
 the fands have fo entirely excluded, that it 
 fcarce comes within a mile of the place. Un- 
 der the Government of the Romans, it was 
 exceeding famous. From hence they common- 
 ly let fail out of Britain for the Continent, and 
 here the Roman fleets arrivM. Lupicinus, who 
 was fent over into Britain by Conftantius, to 
 ftop the excurfions of the Scots and Piets, land- 
 ed here the Heruliath the Batavian, and the 
 ■kjLmrnu Regiments. And Theodolius, father 
 
 of Theodolius the Emperor (to whom, as Sym- 
 machus tells us, the Senate decreed ftacues 
 on horfe-back for having quieted Britain) came 
 to land here with his Herculii, ^oviip t^Eiores, 
 Fidentes (which were fo many Cohorts of the 
 Romans.) Afterwards, when the Saxon pi- 
 rates ftopM up all trade by fea, and infefted 
 our coafts with frequent robberies ; the fecond 
 Legion, call’d AuguBa, -which had been brought 
 out of Germrny by the Emperor Claudius, and 
 refided for many years at the ifea Silurum in 
 Wales, was remov’d hither, and had here a 
 ^PrjepoEtus. t Commander of it’s own under the Count of 
 ^ the Saxon Ihore. Which olEce was poffibly 
 born by that Clemens Maximm, who, after he 
 was faluted En.peror by the foldiery in Britain, 
 flew Grattan, and was himfelf afterwards flain 
 by TheodoJiM at Aquikia. For Aufonius, in his 
 Verfes concerning Aquikia, caOs him Rhutufi- 
 mm Latronem, i. e. the Rhutupian Robber : 
 
 Maximm armigeri quondam fuh nomine 
 lixa. 
 
 Feelix qua tanti fpeEiatrix lata triumphi, 
 
 Fudifii Aufonio Rhutupinum Mane laironem. 
 
 Vile Maximm, at firft a knapfack rogue. 
 
 O happy you who all the triumph view’d. 
 
 And the RJmtupian thief with Roman arms 
 fubdu’d 1 
 
 There was alfo another Prelident of Rhutu- 
 pia, Flavim SanElm, whofe memory the fame 
 Poet has prelervM in his Parentalia, fpeaking 
 thus of him } 
 
 Militiam nuUo qui turbine fedulm egit, 
 
 * Some are of Prajide latatm quo * Rhutupinm ager, 
 
 opinion, that 
 
 Uuiupinus in Aufonius likewife bellows an Elegy upon his 
 iiifies'la] BrF Claudim Contentm, who had a great ftock 
 tain. * of money at ufury among the Britains, and 
 mightily encreas’d the principal by intereft j 
 but, being cut oft by death, left it all to fo- 
 reigners, and was bury’d here. 
 
 Et patruos Elegeia meos reminifeere cantm, 
 Contentum, teUm quern Rhutupina tegit. 
 
 And let my Uncle grace the mournful 
 found, 
 
 Contentm, buried in Rhutupian ground. 
 
 This Rhutupia flourilh’d likewife after the 
 coming-in of the Saxons. For Authors tell 
 us, it was the Palace of Ethelbert King of 
 Kent i and Bede honours it with the name of a 
 City. But from that time forward, it decay’d ; 
 nor is it lo much as mention’d by any writer, 
 except Alfedof Beverley, who has told us how 
 Alcher with liis Kentilh-men routed the Danes, 
 then encumber’d with the fpoil, about this 
 place ; call d at that time Richberge. But now, 
 age has eras’d the very tracks of it and to 
 teach us that Cities die as well as Men, it is 
 at this day a corn-field, wherein, when the 
 corn is grown up, one may oblerve the draughts 
 of Streets crolfing one another, (for where they 
 have gone, the corn is thinner,) and fuch crof- 
 fings they commonly call there, S. Augufiines Crofs. S. Auguftine’s 
 Nothing now remains, butfome ruinous walls Crofs. 
 of a fquare tower, cemented with a fort of fand, 
 extremely binding. One would imagin this 
 had been the Acropolis ; it looks down iVora fo 
 great a height upon the wet plains of 'Toanet, 
 which the Ocean, withdrawing it felf by little 
 and little, has quite forfakeii. But the plot of 
 the City, now plow’d, has often caft-up the 
 marks of it’s Antiquity, gold and lilver coins 
 of the Romans ; and fhews its daughter a little 
 below, call’d, from the Sand, by the Saxons 
 Son6pi(^ ||id hy MS Sandwkh.This is one of tne Sandwich. 
 Cinque-Po^s ; fenc’d on the north and weft-fides 
 with walls : on the reft, with a rampire, a ri- 
 ver, and a ditch, fit is an ancient Town ; be- 
 ing mention’d (ffays Somner) in one of the + Ports and 
 Chanalaries Q)i the Church of Canterbury in the Forts, p. i -5 . 
 year pyp. But the * Saxon Chronicle cells us,*Chron.Sax, 
 that above a hundred years before, .^thelBan 
 King of Ke-at, and a certain Duke call’d Eal- 
 f/;er,ovenhrew the Danes in a Sea-fight at 60116- 
 pic in Kent; from wiiich time ic grew greater 
 and greater, upon the decay of Richborougb and 
 Stonar, till the days of Edward the Confeffor ; 
 when, at the firft inftitution of the Cinque- 
 Ports which now are, ic was thought fitter to 
 be efteem’d one of the five, than Stonar then 
 was. Since when, it has ftill retain’d that title, 
 being the fecond port in order, and has always 
 been efteem’d a Town of trade and repute.! 
 
 As it formerly felt the fury of the Danes, lo 
 did itinthe*laftage the fire of the French. Now,* 
 it is pretty populous; though the haven i^by*”"' ^ ’’ 
 reafon of the fands heap’d in, and of that 
 great fhip of Pope Paul the fourth’s, funk in the 
 very chanel) has not depth enough to carry vef- 
 fels of the larger fort. \ Edward Mountague, 
 having gotten the foie Command of the Englifh 
 Fleet in the late Ufurparion, with Angular pru- 
 dence fo wrought upon the Seamen, that they 
 peaceably deliver’d up the whole Fleet to King 
 Charles the fecond ; for which lignai fervice he 
 was {July 12. 12 Car. 2.) advanc’d to the ho- 
 nours of Lord Mountague of S. Neots, Vifeount 
 Hinchingbrook, and Earl of Sandwich ; who, dy- 
 ing at Sea the 28^^ of May i6']i, was fucceeded 
 in his honours by his eideft foil Edward, who is 
 now Earl of Sandwich. Not far from hence, is 
 Wingham, which hath lately been honoured, by Wingham, 
 giving the title of Baron to the Right Honou- 
 rable the Lord Cowper, who, for his great Elo- 
 quence, Wifdom, and knowledge in the Laws, 
 was alfo advanced to the honour of Lord Chan- 
 cellor of Great Britain (being the firft, who 
 bore that high Office, after the happy Union of 
 the two Kingdoms ; ) andwho hath fince been 
 advanced by King George to the higher titles 
 of Vifeount Fordwkhe, and Earl Cowper.! 
 
 Below 
 
247 
 
 C A N T I U M. 
 
 Caniium 
 
 Prom. 
 
 Below Rhutu^ia, Ptolemy places the Promon- 
 tory Cantiuriti as the utmoft cape of this Comer: 
 read corruptly in fome Copies, Nucanthmy and 
 Acantium ; and call’d by Diodorus Carton, and 
 by us at this day, the Fore-land. Notwith- 
 ftaiiding which, the lobole fiiore here-abouts 
 is called by the Poets the Rhutupan fijore, from 
 Rhutupia. Agreeable to which, is that of Juvenal 
 (where he Satyrically inveighs againft Curtim 
 Montanm, a nice delicate Epicure, ) concern- 
 ing the oyflers carry ’d to Rome from this 
 Ihore. 
 
 •‘niilli major fuit ufm edendi 
 
 7 empefiate men, Circais nata forent, an 
 
 Lucrinum ad faxum, Rbutupindve edita 
 fundo 
 
 Oflrea, caUehat primo deprendere morfu. 
 
 The exquihteft palate in my time. 
 
 He, whether Circe’s rocks his Oyflers bore. 
 
 Or Lucrine Lake, or the Rhutupian fliore, 
 
 Knew at firfl Tafle : nay, at nrfl look could 
 tell 
 
 A crab or lobfter’s country by the fhell. 
 
 And Lucan : 
 
 Aut vaga chn Thetis, Rhutupindque limra 
 fervent. 
 
 Or when Rhutupian billows beat the 
 fhore. 
 
 From the Promontory Cantium, the fhore, run- 
 ning fouthward for fome miles, is indented with 
 the things of feveral hills. But when it comes 
 Sandon. to Sandon (i. e. a fandy hill) and Deale, two 
 neighbouring caflles built by K. Henry 8, within 
 *So faid, the memory of * the lafl age, it falls, and lies 
 a-nn. 1607. plain and open to the fea. That C^far landed 
 at this Deale, call’d by Ninnius Dole (and in 
 my Judgment, very right ; for fo our Britains 
 at this day call a low open plain upon the fea 
 + Philofoph. or upon a river,) is the current opinion f j and 
 Tranf. N. Ninnius confirms it, when he tells us (in his 
 licifarad t>arbarous flile, ) that (| Ca/ar fought a war at 
 Dole bellumL>o/^. A Table alfo, hung up in Dover-caflle, 
 pugnavic. fays the fame thing ; and Csefar adds flrength 
 to the opinion, when he fays that he landed 
 upon an open and plain fhore, and that he 
 was very warmly received by the Britains. 
 Whereupon, our Country-man Leland in his Cyg- 
 naa Cantio, 
 
 y aflat Dela novas Celebris arces, 
 
 Notm Cafareis locus trophais. 
 
 And lofty Dele’s proud towers are fliown. 
 
 Where Cafars trophies grace the town. 
 
 Csefar’s at- For he (to take the liberty of a fhort digref- 
 tempt upon lion) having, as Pomponius Sabinustells us out of 
 fubdu’d all bySca and Landi cafl his eye 
 Ocean : and, as if the Roman 
 in Britain, w'ere not fufficient for him, he began to 
 
 think of another; and with athoufand lail of 
 Ships (for fo Athen^us has it out of Cota) en- 
 ter’d Britain, fifty four years before Chrift; and 
 the next year after, a fecond time : either to 
 revenge himfelf upon the Britains, for having 
 alTifled the Gauls, as Strabo will have it ; or, 
 in hopes to find Britifh Pearls, as Suetonius 
 fays ;or inflam’d with a defire of glory, as others 
 tell us. He had before-hand inform’d him- 
 felf of the harbours and the paflage, not, as 
 * In his Book * Roger Bacon romances, by the help of mag- 
 Of Art and nifying glafles from the coaft of France, and by 
 mure. Art Perfpedive ; but by Spies, as botlr himfelf 
 
 248 
 
 and Suetonius wimefs. fThe day of his Land- 
 ing, was the 2(5'^ of Augufl, in the afternoon ; 
 as hath been demonflrated by an ingenious per- 
 fon, from all the circuraflances of the Story, 
 and the ebbing and flowing ofthetides.l WhatTran^ 
 he did here, himfelf has given us a pretty lar^e 193. ’ ' 
 account of, and I already out of him, and out 
 of the loft monuments of Suetonius concerning 
 Scava, who particularly lignaliz’d his valour at 
 Dyrrachium, in the Civil w'ars ; and whom our 
 Country-man Jofeph, the Poet, in thofe verl'es 
 of his Antiocheis relating to Britain, will have 
 to be of Britifh extraction ; tho’ I think it is 
 
 not true. 
 
 Hinc & Scava fatm, pars non obfeura tn- 
 mukm 
 
 Civilis, Magnum film qui mole filut^ 
 
 Obfedit, meliorq ue ftetit pro Cafare murm. 
 
 Hence mighty Scava too derives his ftem,' 
 
 Scava in Roman wars no vulgar name. 
 
 He, when he faw the batter’d turret 
 fall, 
 
 Back’d with its ruins, flood himfelf a 
 wall : 
 
 Unmov’d the vain aflaults of Pompey bore, 
 
 A ftronger fortrefs than had been before. 
 
 But astoC^far’s Actions in this Country, learn 
 them from himfelf, and from what we h.ave^majn. * 
 faid concerning them before. For it has not 
 been my good fortune to converfe with that old 
 Britain, whom M. Aper (as Quintilian fays) 
 faw in this Illand, and who confefled that he 
 was in the battle againft Ca:far when the Bri- 
 tains endeavoured to keep him from landing j 
 and befides, it is not my prefent defign to write 
 a Hiftory. 
 
 Juft upon this fhore, are ridges, for a long 
 together, like fo many rampires, which 
 fome fuppofe that the wind has fwept up toge- 
 ther. But I fanfy, it was that fence (or rather 
 Station, or a fort of Ship-camp,) v/hich Csfarf^jp^^.j 
 was ten days and as many nights in rnaking,camps. 
 to draw into it his fhatter’d Ihips, and fo fe- 
 cure them both againft Storms, and alfo againft 
 the Britains ; who made fome attempts upon 
 them, but without fuccefs. For I am told, 
 that the Inhabitants call this Rampire Romes- Romes-ffor) 
 work, that is. The work of the Romans. And 
 I am the rather inclin’d to believe that Csefar 
 landed here, becaufe himfelf tells us, that feven 
 miles from thence (for fo an ancient Copy cor- 
 retfted ^ by FI. Conftantinus, a perfon ot Con- 
 fular dignity, reads it) the Sea was fo narrow- 
 ly pent up between mountains, that one might 
 fling a dart from the hills to the fhore. And 
 all along from Deale, a ridge of high rocks 
 (call d by Cicero Moles magnifiae, ftately cliff's) 
 abounding with Samphire, in Latin and Sampetra. 
 
 Sampetra, runs for about feven miles to Dover ; 
 where it gapes, and opens it felf to paffengers. 
 
 And the nature of the place anfwers Csefar’s 
 charafter of it ; as receiving and enclofing the 
 fea Letw'een two hills, la this break of that 
 ridge of rocks, lies Duhris, mention’d by 
 toninus ; called in Saxon Doppa, and by us 
 Dover. DarelJus tells us out of Eadmer, thatporer. 
 the name was given it, from being fhut up and 
 hard to come to. For (fays he) becaufe in old 
 time, the fea, making a large harbour in that place, 
 fpread it filj very wide, they were put under a ne- 
 cejfity^ of fiutting it up within clofir bounds. But 
 William Lambard, with a greater fhow of pro- 
 bability, fetches the name from Dujyrrha, 'which. 
 in Britifla flgnifies a fleep place. The Town, 
 which is feated among the rocks (where the 
 
 harbour 
 
249 
 
 KENT. 
 
 harbour it felf formerly was, while the fea 
 came up farther ; as may be gathered from the 
 anchors and planks of fhips dug-up) is more 
 celebrated for the convenience of its harbour 
 (though it has now but little of that left,) and 
 the paffage from thence into France ; than ei- 
 ther neatnefs, or populoufnefs. For it is a famous 
 pi p g. paffage and it was formerly * provided by 
 ^Edij^VsiLaw, that no perfon going out of the King- 
 4Ed.tc.10.d0m in Pilgrimage, Ihould take fhipping at a- 
 ny other Place. It is alfo one of the Cinque- 
 Ports, and was formerly bound to find twenty 
 one Ships for the Wars, in the fame manner 
 and form as Haftings ; of which we have fpo- 
 ken before. On that part lying towards the Sea, 
 (which is now excluded by the beach,) there 
 was a wall, of which there is fbme part itill re- 
 maining. It had a Church dedicated to St. 
 Martini founded by Wihtred King of Kent ; 
 and a houfe of Knights-Templars j nothing of 
 which is now to be feen : it alfo aftords a See 
 to the Archbifhop of Canterbury’s Suffragan, 
 
 , , cwho, when the Archbifhop is taken up with 
 cl£b °ry°s more weighty aftairs. has i(as often as any Suf- 
 Suffragan, fragaii is appointed) 1 the Adminiilration ot fuch 
 tilings as concern OrderSi but does not meddle 
 in the bufinefsof Epifcopal Jurifdiction. There 
 is a large caftle like a little city, with ftrong 
 fortifications and a great many towers, wliich, 
 as it were, threatens the fea under it, trom a 
 hill, or rather a rock upon the right hand; 
 this Rock is on every fide rugged and fteep,but 
 towards the fea it rifes to a wonderful height. 
 Matthew Paris calls it, T'/je Key and Bar of En- 
 gland. The common people dream of it’s be- 
 ing built by Julius Cxfar : and I conclude, that 
 it was really firft built by the Romans, from 
 thofe Britifh bricks in the Chapel, which they 
 us’d in their larger fort of buildings. When 
 the Roman Empire began to haften to it’s end, 
 *Numerus a * Company of the EungrkanSi who were^rec- 
 Tungricano-kon d among the Aids Palatine, were plac d by 
 them here in garrifon ; part of whofe armour 
 thofe great arrows feem to have been, which 
 1 -Bafilifcis, ^^ey us’d to fhoot out of f Engines like large 
 11 Are lhown,Crofs-bows, and which |1 were formerly fhown 
 
 2 5 ( 
 
 in the Caftle as miracles ; fbut now, no fuch 
 thing is to be feen.l Between the firft coming- 
 in of the Saxons and the laft Period of their 
 government, I have not met with fo much as 
 the mention either of this Caftle or the Town, 
 unlefs it be in fome loofe papers trauferib’d 
 from a Table hung up and kept here ; which 
 tell us, that Csfar, after he had landed at 
 Deaki and had beaten the Britains at Baram- 
 /ioiune (a Plain hard by, very fit to draw up an 
 Army in,) began to build Dovcr-caftle ; and 
 that Arviragus afterw'ards fortify’d it againft 
 the Romans, and fhut up the harbour : and 
 next, that Arthur and his men defeated here I 
 know not what Rebels. However, a little be- 
 fore the coming-in of the Normans, it was 
 look’d on as the great Strength of England; 
 and upon that account, William the Norman, 
 ,when he had an eye upon the kingdom, took 
 an oath of Harold, that he fhould deliver into 
 his hands this Caftle, with the Well. And, af- 
 ter he had fettled matters in London, he thought 
 nothing of greater confequence, than to fortify 
 it, and to aflign to his Nobles large pofteffions 
 in Kent, on condition that they fhould be in 
 readinefs at all times with a certain number of 
 Soldiers for the defence of it ; but that fenice is 
 now redeem’d with certain Sums of money year- 
 Cjftlegard ly. For vjhen Hubert de Burgo was wade^ Conjiable oj 
 chang’d, this Caftle (thefe are the words of an ancient 
 writer) he, confidering that it wo6 not for the fafety 
 of the Caftle to have new Guards every monthj pro- 
 
 cur d, by the affent cj the King, and of aU that held 
 of the Caftle, that every Tenant for one month’s 
 Guard ftjould fend ten Jhillings ; oj which, cer- 
 tain perfons eletled and fworn, as well horfe as foot, 
 ftjould be maintain d, for guarding the Caftle. It is 
 reported, that Philip fimam’d Auguftpu, King of 
 France (when his fon Lewis made. his attempts 
 upon England, and had taken fome Cities) 
 fhould fay, My fon hae not yet fo much as footing 
 in England, if he have mt got into bis hands the 
 Caftle of Dover ; looking upon it to be the 
 ftrongeft place in England, and to lie m.oft con- 
 venient tor Fr.'ince. Upon another rock over- 
 againft this, and almoft of equal height, there 
 are the remains of fome very ancienffbuilding. 
 
 One Author, upon what grounds I know not, 
 has call’d it Cafars Altar ; but fohn Twine of 
 Canterbury, a learned old man, who in his 
 youth had feen it almoft entire, affirm’d to me 
 that it was a Watch-tower, to direct Sailors by 
 night-lights; ffome part W'hereof is yet remam- 
 iug, now vulgarly called BredenftoneA Such a-Bredenftone. 
 nother there w'as over-againft it at Bohgne in ■ 
 
 France, built by the Romans, and repair’d a 
 
 long time after by Charles the Great (as Regino 
 
 tells us, who writes it corruptly Phanirm for 
 
 Pharum,) now call’d by the French Tour d'Order, 
 
 and by the Englifh, Tlje old man of BuUen. Be- 
 
 ne.ath this rock, w'ithin the memory of j the+So Did, 
 
 laft age, the moft potent Prince King Henryk""' 
 
 the 8'^*' built a mole or pile (we call it the Peere) l^o'^er-Peere. 
 
 wherein Ships might* ride wdth greater fafety.* 
 
 It was done with much labour, and at infinite 
 charge, by faftening large beams in the fea, then 
 binding them together with iron, and heaping 
 on it great quantities of w'ood and ftone. But 
 the fiiry and violence of the fea was quickly 
 too hard for the contrivance of that good Prince; 
 and the frame of the work, by the continual 
 beating of the waves, began to disjoint. For 
 the repair whereof, Queen Elizabeth expended 
 greatiums ofmoney,and,byt Aft of Parliament, 4- Alfo, Stat. 
 lay’d a Cuftom for levcn years upon every Eng- ‘ ‘ 
 lifli Vellel that either exported or imported^ 
 Commodities. [Here, the Lord Wardens of the 
 Cinque Ports ( fince Shipway was antiquated) 
 have been of late fw'orn ; and indeed moft of 
 the other bulinefs, relating to the Ports in ge- 
 neral, is done here. Here are all the Courts 
 kept, and from hence is the moft frequent paf- 
 fage out of England into France, wliich has ren- 
 der’d it famous throughout the world. It hath 
 •been the more fo, by having given the title of 
 Earl to the right honourable Henry Lord Himj- 
 don Vifeount Rochfort, f who on the 8'^ of Marcb, \ Dug'!. Bar. 
 3 Car. I. was advanced to the tide of Earl ofvol. 2. p. 398. 
 Dover. He, dying about the year 1666, W'as 
 fucceeded by his Ion fohn : who dying die year 
 following without illue-male, this title lay cx- 
 tinft, till it was revived by King James 2, 
 in the perfon of the honourable Hemy Jermin 
 Efq; Nephew to the right honourable Henry_ 
 
 Earl of St. Albans, who was created Baron of 
 Dover May 13. id85. ijac.z. And being a- 
 gain extinft, Qiccn Anne conferr’d the title of 
 Duke of Dover (together with thofe of Mar- 
 quifs oi Beverley and Baron of Rippon) upon 
 his Grace James Duke of Queensberry in 
 confideration of his great and eminent Ser- 
 vices.! _ . f 
 
 This Coaft is parted from the Continent Ot 
 Europe by a narrow fea ; where, fome aie of 
 opinion, it wrought it felf a paiiage througli. 
 
 Solinus calls it Fretum GalUcim^ or The French 
 ftrait ; Tacitus and Ammianus, Fretum Oceani 
 and Oceanumjretalem, tht ftrait of the Ocean, ar\(i, 
 the Ocean-ftrait. Gratius the Poet terms it. 
 
 I i 
 
 Freta 
 
2^1 
 
 CANT 
 
 Freta Morimhn dubio rejiuentia ponto. 
 
 The narrow feas on Bullen-coaft that Iceep 
 uncertain tides : 
 
 The firait the Hollanders call it Dehofden, fmm the two 
 of Calais, or promontories we, T'be ftrait of Calleis j the 
 Narrow-feas. prench, Pas de Cadais. For this is the place, as 
 a Poet of our ow'ii time has it, 
 
 gemim qua jama ponti 
 Faucibpis anguflist lateque frementibus undis 
 Gallorum Anglorurnque vetat comirrere 
 terras. 
 
 Wliere the two foaming mouths of boift’rous 
 feas 
 
 Preferve a narrow, but a dreadful fpace. 
 
 And Britain part from Gaul. 
 
 7’his narr(nv Sea fas Marcellinus hath truly ob-: 
 lerv’d) at every tide fweds with terrible wavesy and 
 again fin the ebbl is as plain as a field : Between 
 two rijings of the moony it flows twice, and ebbs as 
 often. For, at the two times, when the moon 
 mounts to our meridian, and, when it is at the 
 point oppofite to it , the lea fwells here ex- 
 ceedingly, and a vaft body of waters rulhes a- 
 gjiinft the fhore with fuch a hideous noife, that 
 the Poet had reafon enough to fay. 
 
 I U M. 
 
 252 
 
 whereof, as drawn from the whole, is wonderful. For 
 
 though it rage but in fome part, yet it is of the uni- 
 ihus has the fea rent 
 
 verfal power that it fo rages. 
 
 Spain from the Continent of Africa. And by that 
 inundation fo much talk’d of by the beft Poets, Si- 
 cily was * cut off frotn Italy. From whence chat * i\ 
 of Virgil : ’ 
 
 Hac loca VI quondam, & vaBa cmmlfa 
 ruina 
 
 (ftantum avi longinqua valet mutare ve- 
 tuftasj 
 
 Dijfiluijfe ferunt, cum protims utraque tellus 
 Una foret, verdt medio vi pontus & undis, 
 Hefperium Siculo lotus abfddit, arvaque & 
 urbes 
 
 Littore diduElas angufio interluit ajiu. 
 
 Thefe fhores long fince, as old traditions 
 fpeak, I 
 
 (Such ttrange diforders powerful time can ^ 
 make) | 
 
 With violent fury did afunder break. j 
 
 When battering waves coUetSing all their 
 force, 
 
 Thro’ folid land urg’d their impetuous 
 courfe. 
 
 While towns and fields on either fide gave 
 way. 
 
 And left free palTage for a narrow fea. 
 
 I Rhutupinaque littorafervent. 
 
 And Rhutup’s fliore doth boil and bellow. 
 
 Eplft. 2 . ad And T>. Paulinus, where he fpeaks of the tratSi: 
 Viftricium. of the Morini, which he calls the utmofi bound 
 of the world, ftiles this, an Ocean raging with bar- 
 barous waves. 
 
 Whether Bri-' Give me leave to Part a queftion here, not 
 tain ^was ever unworthy the fearch of any learned perfoii, that 
 joynM to the ^ genius, and leifure ; Whether in the place 
 on men . narrow fea parts Gaul and Britain, 
 
 there ever was an JJlhmus or neck of land that 
 joyn’d them, which being afterwards fplit by 
 the general deluge, or by the breaking-in of the 
 waves, or fome earth-quake, let the Sea through? 
 For certainly, no one ought to doubt, but that 
 the face of the earth has been chang’d, as w^ell 
 by the deluge, as by a long fuccelTion of Ages, 
 and other caufes ; and that Iflands, either by 
 earth-quakes, or the retreat of the waters, have 
 been joyn’d to the Continent. That they have 
 likewiie, by earth-quakes and therulhing-inof 
 waters, been broke oft from the Continent, is 
 a point evident beyond difpute from Authors 
 of the beft credit. Upon which Pythagoras in 
 Ovid, 
 
 Pliny alfo has taught us, that Cyprus was 
 broke oft from Syria, Euboea from Bosotia, Bes- 
 bicus from Bythinia ; which before were parts 
 of the Continent. But that Britain was fo 
 rent from the Continent, no one of the Anci- 
 ents has told us ; only thofe verfes of Virgil 
 and Claudian (which I have quoted in the ve-pjgg j. 
 ry beginning of this work) together with Ser- 
 vius’s conjeSure, feem to hint fo much. Not- 
 withftanding, there are thofe who think this to 
 be affirm’d by the Ancients ; as, Dominicus Ma- 
 rius Niger, John Twine a very learned man, and 
 who ever he was that wrefted thefe verfes con- 
 cerning Sicily, to Britain : 
 
 ■ • Britannia quondam 
 Gallorum pars una fuii, fed pontus & afius 
 Muiavere fitum, rupit confnia Nereus 
 ViBor : abfcijfos interluit aquore monies 
 
 Once did the Bricifh touch the Galliek 
 fliore. 
 
 Till furious waves the cliffs in funder 
 tore 
 
 Thus broke, they yielded to the conqu’ring 
 main. 
 
 And Neptune ftill in triumph rides be- 
 tween. 
 
 Vidi ego quod quondam, fuerat folidijfima 
 tellus 
 
 EJfef return ; vidifaBas es aquore terras. 
 
 I’ve feen the Ocean flow where Lands once 
 flood ; 
 
 Vve feen firm Land where once the Ocean 
 flow’d. 
 
 For Strabo, inferring things to come from 
 things paft, concludes that IBhmus’s or necks of 
 land have been wrought thorough, and will be 
 Nat. Quatft.6. again. Tou fee (fays Seneca) that whole countries 
 are torn from their places', and what lay hard by, is 
 now beyond fea. Tou fee a feparation of cities and 
 nations, as often as part of Nature either moves it 
 felf, or the winds drive tloe fea forward the force 
 
 f Of the fame Opinion, were Mr. Somner, and pfijiofopli. 
 Dr. Wallis7\ Tranf. Pag- 
 
 Since therefore the Authority of Writers has 
 left us no certain grounds in this matter; learned ^ 
 men, comparing fuch narrow feas one with a- 
 nother in order to difeover the truth, propofe 
 thefe and the like heads to be obferv’d and ex- 
 amin’d. 
 
 Whether the nature of the foil be the fame 
 upon both fliores ? Which, indeed, holds good 
 here ; for where the fea is narroweft, both 
 coafts rife with high rocks, almoft of the fame 
 matter and colour s which fliould imply that 
 they have been broken through. 
 
 How .broad the narrow Sea may be ? And 
 the Straits here are not much broader, than thofe 
 
 or 
 
KENT. 
 
 253 
 
 254 
 
 ■' ' ^ Gibraltar or Sicilyy to wit, twenty four miles : 
 
 fo that one would imagine at firft fight, that 
 thofe two trafts were fever’d by the waves that 
 now beat ^’iolently, firft on one fide, then on 
 
 * .^y 
 
 ^ ' Earth-quakes, 1 dare not once iraagin or iuf- 
 peft, fince this northern part of the world is 
 very feldom fliakcn with Earth-quakes, and 
 thofe but inconliderablc. 
 
 How deep fuch Straits may be ? As that of 
 Sicily does not exceed eighty paces, fo this 
 of our’s fcarce exceeds tw'enty five fathom ; 
 and yet the fea on both fides of it, is much 
 deeper. 
 
 How the bottom is, fandy, hilly, or muddy ; 
 and whether in feveral parts of fuch narrow 
 feas there lie fhelves of fand ? As for our s, 1 
 could not learn from the Seamen that there are 
 . any fuch, f except one in the middle of the 
 
 Shoalc. chanel, which, at low water, lay hardly three 
 fathoms deep ; fand now, no fuch is either to 
 be heard of, or feen in the Sea-Charts.l 
 
 Laftly, whether there be any place upon ei- 
 ther fhore, that has it’s name in the ancient 
 language of the place, from a breaeJh rewt, fe- 
 parationy or the like ? as Rheghm, upon the 
 Straits of Sicily, is fo call’d from the Greek 
 fiyyvfi.it that is, to breaky becaufe at that place 
 Siciiy was broken off from Italy, by the violence 
 of the waters. But I can think of none here, 
 unlefs we may imagin, that VitJanyUpow the coall 
 of France, took that name from Gwith, figni- 
 fying in Britifli a divorce or feparation. fAgainft 
 which, however, two Arguments are plaufibly 
 alledged ; the firft, that the Saxons call this 
 place alfo bpicyano, which lignifies no more 
 than a white fandy difeerned, as we may fup- 
 pofe, from the Coaft of Kent : the fecond, 
 Bdun!* ^hat the name, implying a Breach, ought in 
 reafon to be fought-for in the leffer part of the 
 Di^ ifion, which is faid properly to be rent from 
 the greater, and not the greater from that j as, 
 the name of Sicily was given to T’rinacria, and 
 not to Italyy\ 
 
 They who contend, that Britain remained 
 one Continent with France after the general 
 Deluge, argue from the Wolves, which wep 
 formerly common in England, as they are ftill 
 in Scotland and Ireland. How is it poflible, 
 fay they, that they fhould be in Iflands (fince 
 all living creatures that were not in the ark, 
 were dellroy’d,) unlefs for a long time after, 
 the whole earth had been one free continu d 
 paflage, without any Iflands ? St. Auguftine 
 De Civitat thoughts about this queffion, and 
 
 Dei 1! 16. *folv’d it thus : Wolves and other animals may be 
 c. 7! thought to have got into the Iftands by fwimming j 
 but they nmft be fuch as are near (fo Stags every 
 year fwim out of Italy into Sicily for pafture.) 
 But then there are fome at fuch diftance from the 
 Continent^ that it does not feem pofftble for any beafl 
 to fwim to them. Ij we fuppofe that men may have 
 caught them, and carry d them over, it fuits well 
 enough with the delight which they took in hunting ; 
 though it cannot be deny d, hut they might be carry d 
 over by Angels, at the exprefs command of God, or 
 at leaji by his permifjion. But if they fprattg out 
 of the earthy according to their firfi original, when 
 God faid. Let the Earth bring forth a Living Soul 
 it is far more evident, that all kinds were in the 
 ark, not fo much for the reparation of the fpecies, 
 
 * P 0 1 E ^ ^ 0 '/’^ 9 f feveral nations, * becaufe of 
 
 ckfijfacra-’ Sacrament of the Church ; if the earth produc’d 
 mentum. many animals in the Iflands whither they could not 
 
 pafs. Thus he. Nor can any thing be faid 
 upon this lubjeft, more perfect or more nice. 
 Let it be enough for me to have propos’d it : 
 the confideration of it I leave to the Reader i 
 
 and he that fees fartheft into the truth of this 
 matter, fhall have my vote for a perfon of true 
 Quicknefs and Sagacity. 
 
 Over-againft this place, in the Continent, 'Morini. 
 were- the Morini feated, fo called in the ancient 
 lai^uage of the Celta, as if one fhould fay, ma- 
 ritime people, or, dwellers upon the fea-coafi. Their 
 Country is now call’d Conte de Guines, and Conte 
 de Bolomis j and had formerly two moft noted 
 places, Gefforiacum, and Itium, from which laft Itius portuj. 
 was the moft convenient paflage out of Gaule in- 
 to Britain ; as Ccefar tells us. Moft are of opi- 
 nion, that it is the fame w'ith Calais but Ho- 
 fpitalius, the great and learned Chancellour of 
 France, a very excellent Antiquary, affirms 
 Calais not to be an anciLMit tow n ; and that it 
 was only a fmall village, fuch as the French call 
 Burgado’s, till Philip Earl of Bologne wall’d it 
 round, not many years before it W'as taken by 
 the Englifti. Nor do w'e read, that before 
 thofe times any one fet fail from thence into 
 Britain. For which reafon, I think Itium is to 
 be fought for in another place, namely, a little 
 lower near Blacknefs, at Vitfan, by us call’d 
 Whitfan, a word which feems to carry in it 
 fomething of Itium. For, that this was the 
 common port from ourlfland, and the dfual place 
 alfo of fetting fail hither from that Kingdom, 
 may be eafily obferv’d from our Hiftories. In- 
 fomuch that Ludovkus funior. King of France, 
 when he came in pilgrimage to Thomas of 
 Canterbury, humbly requefted of that Saint, 
 by w'ay ot interceffion, that none might be 
 fhipwrack’d between Vitfan and Dover-, imply- 
 ing, that, then, this was the moft commodious 
 paflage to and again : and indeed, this Strait is The fhorteft 
 not any where more contracted. Tho’ at the paflage be- 
 fame time we muft imagin, that the fea-men did 
 not fteer their coui'fe only by the fhorteft roads, 
 but that they had an eye to the commodiouf- 
 nefs of the harbours on both coafts. So, tho’ 
 the fea be narroweft hevsfieewBlacknefs in France 
 and the Neffe in England, yet the palfage now 
 is between Dover and Calais ; as in former ages, 
 before Vifan was flopp’d up, it was between 
 that and Dover ^ and before, between Rlnitupiiz 
 &nd Gefforiacum, from whence Claudius the Em- Gcflbrlacuiu. 
 perour, and other Generals w'hom I have eile- 
 where mention’d, fet fail into Britain. Pliny 
 feems to call Gefforiacum, the Britifh haven of the 
 . Morini, poflibly from their fetting fail thence 
 for Britain ; and Ptolemy (in whom it * is*Hathcrcpt, 
 thought by fome to have crept into the place C. 
 of Itium) Gefforiacum Navale, tlie harbour or 
 dock, Geflbriacum in which fenfe alfo, the 
 Britains call it Bowling long', fand a late Hlearnedf] Somner, is 
 Author doubts not to affirm, (nay, feems to ferta if«a, 
 have abundantly proved) that Gefforiacum or Bo- 
 logne, was the very place from whence Carfar fet 
 fail.l For, that Gefforiacum was the fea-port- 
 town call’d by Am'mianus Bomnia, by the 
 French Bologne, by the Dutch Beunen, and byBononia in 
 us Bolen, I dare pofitively affirm againft Boeti- Gaul, 
 m the Scotch Writer, and Turnebm depending 
 upon the authority of Rhenanus, who had the 
 fight of an old military f Table, wherein it + ThePeute- 
 was written Gefforiacum quod nunc Bomnia, i. 
 
 Gefforiacum, which is nowBononia ; as aUb up- 
 on the courfe of the Itinerary, which exactly 
 anfwers the Diftance that Antoninus has made 
 between the Ambiani or Amiens, and Gefforiacum. 
 
 But wffiat convinces me beyond alt the reft, is, 
 th.at the Pirates in the faftion of Caraufius, 
 which, by one Panegyrick (fpoken to Conftan- 
 tim the Emperor) are faid to be taken and fhut 
 up within the w?lls of * Gefforiacum -, are, in*pag. 271. 
 another (fpoken to Conftantine the Gre.at, his of the Baiil 
 fon> affirm’d to have been routed at f Bononia : Edition. 
 
 ^ Pag.251. 
 
255 
 
 C A N T I U M. 
 
 fo that Bononia and Gejforiamn mufl ofneceiTity 
 be one and the fame town j and the older 
 name of thefe two fcems to have gro\^'n into 
 difufe about that time. For we muft not fup- 
 pofe, that Authors of that note could poflibly 
 make a miftake about the place, before io great 
 Princes, and when the matter was fo frefh in 
 memory. But what have I to do with France? 
 Thofe places, I confeis, I mention’d the more 
 willingly, becaufe the Valour of our Anceflors 
 has been often llgnaliz’d upon that coaft ; par- 
 ticularly, in their taking of Calais and Bolen 
 from the French j the latter whereof they fur- 
 render’d, after eight years, for a certain fum 
 of money, at the requeft of that Prince but 
 held the firft, in fpight of them, for the fpace 
 of two hundred and twelve years. Now, let 
 us return to Britain. 
 
 From Dover, the chalky rocks as it were 
 hanging one by another, run in a continu’d 
 Folkllone. ridge tor five mileS together, as far as Fvlkflone', 
 which appears to have been an ancient town, 
 from the Roman Coins daily found in it ; but 
 w'hat name it had in thofe times, is uncertain. 
 It was probably one of thofe Towers, which 
 the Romans (under Theodofius the younger,) 
 as Gildas tells us, built upon the fouth-coajl of Bri- 
 tain at certain difiances, to guard it againft the 
 Saxons. In the time of the Saxons, it was fa- 
 mous on the account of Religion, from a Nun- 
 nery built there by Eanfwida, daughter of Ead- 
 bald King of Kent. Now, it is nothing but a 
 little village, the fea having W’orn away the 
 greateff part of it. It was, notwithftanding, a 
 Barons of Barony of the family de Abrincis, from whom it 
 FolkfloBC. came to Hamon de Crevequer, and by his daugli- 
 ter to John of Sandwich, whofe grandchild Ju- 
 liana, by his fon John, brought the fame, as a 
 portion, to John de Se^rave. Tit hath been ob- 
 ferv’d of fome Hills in this neighbourhood of 
 Folkfione, that they have viiibly funk and grown 
 lower, within the memory of man.1 
 
 From hence, the fhore turning weflward, has 
 Saltwood. Saltwood near it, foncel a Caflle of the Archbi- 
 fliops of Canterbury, enlarg’d by William Courtney 
 Archbifhop of that See \ and Ofienhanger, where 
 Edw'ard Baron Poinmgs, who had many Baftard- 
 Childreii, began a {lately houfe. At four miles 
 Hitb, or, diflance, is Hith, one of the Cinque-Ports 
 Hide. fj-om whence it had that name ; bi 5 in Saxon 
 lignifying a Port or Station : though at prelent 
 it can hardly anfwer the name, by reafon of 
 the fands heap’d in there, which have fluit out 
 the fea to a great diflance from it. Nor is it 
 very long fince it’s firfl rife, dating ir from the 
 Wefl-hythe. decay of Weihhythe j which is a little town 
 hard by to the weft, and was a harbour, till 
 *So faid, in the memory of* our grandfathers the fea re- 
 ann. 1607. tir’d from it. But both Hythe and Wefi-hythe 
 Lime. original to Lime, a little village ad- 
 
 joyning, and formerly a very famous port, be- 
 fore it was fliut up with fands caft in by the 
 Portus Le. fea. Antoninus and the Notitia call it Portm 
 mams. Letnanis j Ptolemy AiiAw, which being what we 
 call a fignificati^e word, in Greek, the Librarians, 
 to fupply a feeming defea, writ it Kou>'os 
 and fo the Latin Interpreters have tranfla- 
 ted it Nbvm Portm, i. e. the new haven ; where- 
 as the name of the place was Litnen or Leman, as 
 it is at this d^ Lime. Here the Captain of the 
 Company of Ttsmacenfes had his Station, under 
 the Count of the Saxon fhore : and from hence 
 Scony-ftreet. to Canterbury there is a pav’d military way, 
 which you may eafily difeern to be a work of 
 the Romans; as is alfo a Caftle iiard by call’d 
 Stutf all, which included ten acres upon the de- 
 feent of a hill ; and the remains of the walls, 
 built of Britifh bricks and Hints, are fo clofely 
 
 Philofoph. 
 T ranfaft. 
 N. 349. 
 
 Stutfall. 
 
 cemented with a mortar of lime, land, andpe- 
 bies, that they ftill bear up againft Time. fThis 
 * Mr. Somner allows to have been a Roman Fort, * Ports 
 but not the old Portm Lemanis ; fince that lies, Forts, 
 according to all the Copies of the Itinerary, lix- 
 teen miles from Canterbury ; whereas Stutfall is- 
 but fourteen, about the fame diftance (fayshe) 
 that . Dover is from ir : Wherefore, he rather 
 fuppofes, that there was a miftake of the Libra- 
 rians in fetting a V for an X, and that the di- 
 ftance indeed fhould have been XXI, which 
 fets it about Romney, the place that he would 
 ha\’e to be the true Portus Lemanis. But this 
 conjedure puts it more out of diftance than 
 before ; and it is a much eafier miftake in the 
 Librarians to tranfpofe a V and an I ; which be- 
 ing fuppofed, fets it in a true diftance again, 
 according to Mr. Somner himfelf, viz., at XIV 
 and no more. Or (to admit of no miftake in 
 the Librarians at all,) if we fet Lyme at the fame 
 diftance from Canterbury that Dover is, which is 
 fifteen miles, and the lower iide of Stutfall Ca^ 
 file, where the port muft be, near a mile be- 
 low Lyme, as really it is (allowing too, that 
 the Roman miles are fomewhat Ids than the 
 Englifli ; ) we fliall bring it again in true di- 
 ftance at XVI miles, without carrying it to 
 Romney ; w'hich, in all probability, in thofe days 
 lay under water, at leaft in Spring-tides : or if 
 not fo, the Marfh certainly did, betwixt Stut- 
 fall and Romney, which they could never pafs, 
 nor did they ever attempt it ; for we find the 
 Roman way ends here, as it was iieceflary it 
 fiiould, fince it could not be carry ’d further, 
 through a Marfh, or rather fea, eight miles to- 
 gether ; for fo far it is from hence to the town 
 of RomneyP\ Tho’ Hyfhe is not a Port at this 
 day, it f retains a conliderable badge of it’s 
 cieiit glory ; for here, at a place cah'd Shipway, hngi now to 
 the Warden of the Cinque-Ports takes a foIemn-®‘’"‘'«''>whicli 
 oath, when he enters upon his office ; and here 
 allb, on certain days, Controverfies wore ufed^“‘^™^' ’ • 
 to be decided between the Inhabitants of the 
 Ports. 
 
 Some have been of opinion, that a large ri- 
 ver did once empty it Iclf into the fea at this 
 place, becaufe a Writer or two has mention’d 
 the river Lemanus, and the mouth of Lemanis,^ 
 wLere the Danifh fleet arriv’d in the year of 
 our Lord 892. But I believe they are miftaken 
 in the defeription of the place, both becaufe 
 here is no fuch thing as a river, fave a little 
 one that prefeiitly dies ; and alfo becaufe ■[Hen- 
 ry'] Archdeacon of Huntingdon, an Author of great 
 credit tells us, that this fleet arriv’d at the Por- 
 tus Lemanis ; without one word of the River. 
 
 Unlefs any one think (as, for my part, I can- 
 not) that the river Rotber, which runs into the R^other riv^. 
 Sea below Rby, had it’s chanel this way, and ’ 
 chang d it by little and little, when that cham- 
 pain tradl, Rumney-marfh, grew into firm land.Rumnej-. 
 For this plain Level (which from, Lemanis con-mar|li. 
 tains . fourteen miles in length, and eight in 
 breadth, and has tw^o Towns, nineteen Parifh- 
 es, and about forty four thoufand two hun- 
 dred acres of land, very fruitful, and exceeding 
 good for the fatting of Cattle) has by degrees 
 been joyn’d by the fea to the land. Upon 
 which, I may as well call it the gift of the fea, as 
 Herodotus has call’d ^gypt the gift of the river- 
 Nile, and as a very learned perfon has ftil’d the Peter Nan* 
 paftures of Holland, the gifts of the north wind'^^'^^‘ 
 and the Rhine. For the fea, to make amends for 
 what it has fwallow’d up in other parrs of this 
 coaft, has reftor’d it here ; either by retiring, 
 or by bringing in a muddy fort of fiibftance 
 from time to time ; by which it comes to pafs, ^ ^ . 
 chat fome places which f within the memory of 
 
257 
 
 KENT. 
 
 * VirifaJu- 
 fires. 
 
 795 - 
 
 Romney. 
 
 our grandfathers flood upon the fea-fhore, are 
 now a mile or two from it. How fruitful the 
 foil is, what herds of cattle it feeds that are 
 lent hither from the remoteft parts of England 
 to be fatted, and with what art they raife walls 
 to fence it againfl the incurfions of the fea ; are 
 things which one can hardly believe, that has 
 not feen them. For the better government of 
 it, King Edward 4. made it a Corporation, con- 
 fifting of a 'Juratest and a Common- 
 council. In the Saxon times, the inhabitants 
 of it were call’d opeppe-pape, i. e. * Marlh or 
 Fen-men ; the fignification of which name a- 
 grees exaftly to the nature of the Soil. And, 
 for my part, I do not underhand iEthcl- 
 werd (that ancient Writer) when he tells us, 
 that Kimlph, King of the Mercianst dejlroyd Kenty 
 and the country call'd Merfc-W'arum ; and, in ano- 
 ther piaCe, that Herhythus, a Captain, vjas Jlain by 
 the Danes in a place call'd Merje-wamm ; unlefs 
 he means this marfhy little tradt. Rumney, or 
 Komeney, and formerly Romenal (which lomc 
 conclude from the name to have been a work 
 ot the Romans, ) is the cliicf town of thefe 
 parts, and one of the Cinque-Ports, having 
 Old-Romney and Lid as members of it which 
 See Su^ex un- (in the form above-mention’d) are bound jointly 
 dcr the title to fit out five Ships for the wars. It is feated 
 Cin^us-?tTts, a high hill of gravel and fand, and on 
 the weft fide of it had a pretty large harbour 
 (guarded againft moft of the winds) before the 
 lea retir’d from it. 'The inhabitants (as Domef- 
 day-book has it) on account of their Sea-fei-vice, 
 •were exempt from all cufioms ; except robbery, breach 
 of the peace, and Foriflell And about that time, 
 it was at it’s height for it was divided into 
 An. 1287. twelve Wards j and had five Parifti-Churches, 
 and a Priory, and an Hofpital for the fick. But 
 in the reign of Edward the firft, when the fea , 
 (driven forward by the violence of the winds,) 
 overflow’d this tradt, and for a great way to-, 
 gether deftroy’d men, cattle, and houfes, threw 
 Prom-hUl. down Prom-hiU a little populous village, and 
 remov’d the Rother (which formerly empty ’d it 
 felf here into the fea) out of it’s chancl, flop- 
 ping up it’s mouth, and opening it a nearer 
 pdiage into the fea by Rhie ; then it began by 
 little and little to forfake this town, which has 
 been decaying ever fince, and has fal’n much 
 irorr it’s ancient Populoufhefs and Figure. 
 ■"Rut It hath afforded the title of Earl to Henry 
 Sidncy,\ounge{k ion of Robert Earl of Leicefter j 
 who uyiiig unmarried, the title of Baron of 
 Ron nt} hath been lately conferr’d upon Sir 
 Robert Murfham Baronet.l 
 
 Below this, the land fhoots forth a long way 
 to the eaft (w’e call it Nejfe, as refembling s 
 ntfe s ) upon which ftands Lid, a pretty popu- 
 lous town, whither the Inhabitants of Prom- 
 hid betook themfelves after that Inundation. 
 And in the very utmoft Promontory, call’d 
 Dergenefie. Denge-neffe, where is nothing but beech and 
 + UUes, pebbles, there grow f Holme-trees with fharp 
 pricky leaves, and always green, like a little 
 low wood, for a mile together and more. A- 
 Stone-end. mong thofe pebbles, near Stone-end, is a heap 
 of large Stones, which the neighbouring people 
 call the monument of S. Crifpin and S. Crifpini- 
 cm, who, they fay, were caft upon this fhore by 
 fhipwrack, and call’d from hence into their hea- 
 venly Country. From hence, the fhore turn- 
 ing it’s courfe, goes direcftly w'eftward j and 
 has a fort of peafe which grow in great plenty 
 and naturally, amongft the pebbles, in large 
 bunches like grapes, in tafte differing very lit- 
 tle from field-peafe j and fo it runs forward to 
 the mouth of the Rother, which for fome fpace 
 is the boundary between Kent and Suflex. 
 
 258 
 
 Nefle. 
 
 Lid. 
 
 The courfe of this river, as to the Suflex- 
 lide, we have briefly fpokeu-to before. On the 
 Keiit-fide, it has iNe^u^cnden, which, I am.almoftNevvendeH. 
 perfwaded, was the haven fo long fought for, 
 call d by the Notitia, Anderida, by the Britains 
 Cacr Andred, and by the Saxons An6pe6fCeaj*-.^«der/Va. 
 -ep. Firft, becaufe the Inhabiunts affirm it Andreds- 
 to have been a town and harbour of very great 
 Antiquity ; next, from its fituation by the wood 
 Andredfwald, to which it gave the name and 
 laftly, becaufe the Saxons feem to have call’d 
 it Brittenden, i. c. a valley of the Britains ( as 
 they alfo call’d Segontium, of which before,) 
 from whence Selhrittenden is the name of the 
 whole Hundred adjoyniug. The Romans, to 
 defend this coaft againft the Saxon Pirates, 
 plac’d here* a baftd of the Abuki, with their * Wi/weraw. 
 Captain. Afterwards, it was quite deftroykl 
 by the Fury of the Saxons. For Hcngift ha- 
 ving a defign to drive the Britains entirely out 
 of Kent, and finding it expedient to ftrengtheii 
 his party by frtfh fupplies, lent for ^Ella out 
 of Germany with great numbers of Saxons. 
 
 I’hen, making a vigorous aflault upon this An- 
 derida, the Britains who lay in ambufeade in 
 the next wood, difturb’d him to fuch a degree, 
 that when, at laft (after much blood-fhed on 
 both fidcs) he by dividing his forces had de- 
 feated the Britains in the woods, and at the 
 fame time had taken the tOAvn his barbarous 
 heart was fo inflam’d with revenge, that he 
 put the Inhabitants to the fword, and demo- 
 lifh’d the place. For many ages after (as Hun- 
 tingdon tells us) there appear'd nothing but ru- 
 ins j till under Edward the firft, the Friars 
 Carmelites, juft come from Mount Carmel in 
 Paleftine, and, defiring folitary places above all 
 others, had a little Monaftery built here at 
 the charge of Thomas Albuger Knight j up- 
 on which a Town prefently fprung-up, and, 
 with refped to the old one that had been de- 
 molifh’d, began to be call’d Neveenden, i. e. a 
 nevs toven in a valley. Lo^\■er down, the river 
 Rother divides it’s waters, and furrounds Ox-Oxney. 
 ney, an Ifland abounding with grafs : and near 
 its mouth has Apuldore, where that pcftilent Apuldore. 
 rout ot Danifli and Norman Pirates, after they 
 had been preying upon the Frencli-coafts un- 
 der Haiiing their Commander, landed with 
 large fpoils, and built a Caftle ,* but King 
 Alfred, by his great courage, forced them to 
 accept conditions of peace. TThis, in the time 
 of the Saxons, An. 8^4, flood at the mouth 
 of the river Limene, as their * Chronicle tells ♦ Ahn. 894 
 whence, it is plain, that Romney, or at 
 leaft Walland-NlsixPci, was then all a fea ; for 
 we ne\'cr fix the mouth of a river, but at it s 
 entrance into the fea : now if the fea came 
 fo lately as An. 894, to the town of Apledore-, in 
 all probability five hundred years before, in the 
 Romans time, it might.comeas far as 
 the place of the City and Caftle of Anderida, 
 erefted here by the Romans to repel the Sax- 
 on rovers ; the fea here, in all ages, having 
 retired by degrees. Here alfo, Mr. Selden fet- 
 tles it i but II Mr. Sornner rather inclines tollPofts^ '' 
 believe, that cither or on the coaft 1' 
 
 of Sujfex, muft have been the old Anderida 
 founding his opinion upon what Gildas fays 
 concerning the fe Ports and Forts, viz,, that they 
 were placed in littore oceani ad meridiem. But 
 I fuppofe, this ought to be underftood in a 
 large fenfe, every thing being to be taken for 
 fea, whither fuch veflels could come aS they 
 had in thofe days ; in which fenfe, no doubt, 
 
 Nevicnden might be accounted a fea-town, and 
 liable to fuch Pirates as the Saxons were, as 
 well as either Pemfey or HaPhngsPi 
 
 K k Near, 
 
259 
 
 C A NT I U M. 
 
 Earls of 
 Kent, 
 
 Cranhroke. Near, in a woody tract, are Cranbrokej Ten- 
 Tenderden. derdeny Benenden, other heighbouring towns, 
 Eenendcn. -wherein the cioath-trade very much flourifh’d 
 fince the time ot‘ Edward the third, .who, 
 in the tenth j^car of his reign, invitedi fome 
 of the Flemings into England, by promifes of 
 large rewards, and grants of feveral immunities, 
 TheCloath-to teach the Eiiglifli the cloath-manufafturc, 
 Manufat'iure which is iiow become one of the pillars of the 
 land kingdom. fBut the Cloathing-Trade in Kent, 
 
 is very much decayed.l 
 
 To reckon up the Earls of Kent in their 
 order (omitting Godwin and others, under the 
 Saxons, who w'ere not hereditary, but only of- 
 ficiary Earls ; ) Odo, brother by the mother s 
 fide to William the Conqueror, is the firft Earl 
 of Kent that we meet with, of Norman extra- 
 dion. He was at the fame time Bifhop of 
 Baieux ; and was a perfon of a wicked and 
 fadious temper, always bent upon Innovations 
 in the State. Whereupon, after a great rebel- 
 lion that he had rais’d, his Nephew William 
 Rufm depriv’d him of his whole eftate and 
 dignity, in England. Afterwards, when Ste- 
 phen had ufurp’d the Crown, and endea- 
 vour’d to win over perfons of courage and 
 conduft to his party, he confer’d that honour 
 upon William of Ipres, a Fleming } who, being 
 * Violentus ( as Fitz-Stephen calls him ) * an infupportable 
 Caniii In- luythen to Kent, was forc’d by King Henry the 
 cubator. fecond, to march off, with tears in his eyes. 
 
 Henry the fecond’s fon likewife (whom his fa- 
 ther had crown’d King ) having a delign to 
 raife a rebellion againft his father, did, upon 
 the fame account, give the title of Kent, to 
 Philip Earl of Flanders ; but he w'as Earl of 
 Kent no further, than by bare title, and pro- 
 mife. For, as Ger'uafim Dorobernenjls has it, 
 Philip Karl of Flanders promised his utmofl ajf- 
 fiance to the ^oung King, binding himfelf to homage, 
 by oath. In return for his fervices, the King pro- 
 mis'd him revenues of a thoufand pound, veiith all 
 Kent 06 aljo the Cafile of Rochejier, usith the Ca- 
 file of Dover. Not long after, Hubert de Bur- 
 go, who had deferv’d lingularly w’ell of this 
 kingdom, was for his good fervices advanc’d 
 to the fame honour by King Henry the third. 
 He was an entire Lover of his Country, and, 
 amidft the florms of adverlity, difeharg’d all 
 the duties that it could demand from the beft 
 of fubjefts. But he dy’d, divefled of his ho- 
 nour j and this title flcpt, till the reign of 
 Edward the fecond. Edward bellow’d it up- 
 An. £d.2.on his younger brother Edmtmd of Wood/lock, 
 who, being tutor to his nephew King Edward 
 the third, fell undefervedly under the lafli of 
 Envy, and loft his head. The crime was, that 
 he openly profefs’d his affection to his depos’d 
 brother, and after he was murther’d ( know- 
 ing nothing of it) endeavour’d to refeue him 
 out of prifon i but his two fons Edmund and 
 ^ohn, enjoy’d the honour fucceflively : and both 
 dying without ifliie, it w-as carry ’d by their 
 filler (for her beauty, call’d The fair Maid of 
 Kent) to the family of the Hollands Knights. 
 For, Thomas Holland her husband was llil’d 
 Earl of Kent, and was fucceeded in that ho- 
 nour by Thomas his fbn, who dy’d in the 
 twentieth year of Richard the fecond. His two 
 fons were fucceflively Earls of this place ■, Tho- 
 mas, who was created Duke of Surrey, and 
 prefently after, railing a rebellion againft King 
 Henry 4, was beheaded and after him, Ed- 
 mund, who W0.S High Admiral of England, 
 fFanum and, in the fiege of f S. Brieu in Little Bri- 
 ThTw.l- ‘Jy’dof a wound in the year 1408. This 
 linghani. for Want of iflue-male in the family. 
 
 being extincl, and the eftate divided among 
 lifters ; King Edward the fourth honour’d with 
 the title of Earl of Kent, firft William Nevil 
 Lord of Fauconberg ; and after his death Ed- 
 mund Grey Lord of HuHings, Weiford, and Ru- 
 thyn, who was fucceeded by his fon George. He, 
 by his firft wife Anne Widevile, had Richard 
 Earl of Kent, who, after he had fquander’d a- 
 way his eftate, dy’d without iflue. But by 
 his fecond wife Catharine, daughter of William 
 Herbert Earl of Pembroke, he had Henry Grey, 
 Knight, whofe grandchild Reginald by his fon 
 Henry, was made Earl of Kent by Queen E- 
 lizabeth, in the year 1572. He dying with- 
 out iflue, was fucceeded by his brother Henry, 
 a perfon plentifully endow’d with all the Or- 
 naments of true Nobility : fV/ho alfo dying 
 without ilTue, An. 1625, was fucceeded by his 
 brother Charles ; who by his wife Sufan daugh- 
 ter of Sir Richard Cotton of Hampjhire, had illue 
 Henry ; who dying without ifliie, An. 1539, 
 the honour (by rcafon of the entail upon the 
 heir male) defeended to Anthony Grey Rcclor of 
 Burbach in tJie County of LeiceHer, fon of George, 
 fon of Anthony Grey of Barnfpeth, third fon to 
 George Grey the fecond Earl of Kent of this fa- 
 mily : which Anthony, by Magdalen his wife, 
 daughter of William Purefoy of Caldicot in Com. 
 Warwick Efq; had five fons and four daugh- 
 ters, w'hereot Henry the eldcft fon fucceeded in 
 the Honour, and had iflue Henry (avIio dy’d 
 young ) and Anthony Earl of Kent -, to whom 
 iucceeded Henry his fon, who hath been ho- 
 noured by divers great offices in the Court, 
 and advanced to the title of Vifeount Goode- 
 lick, Earl of Harold, and Marquilsof Kent j 
 and afterwards to the more Honourable Title 
 of Duke of Kent.l 
 
 This County hath 398 Parifh-Churches. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Kent. 
 
 Acinos Anglicum Cluf. pan. Acinos Diofeori- 
 dis forte ejujdetn in Hiji. Acin Anglica Clulii 
 Park. Clinopodium 3. feu Ocimi facie alte- 
 rum C. B. Clinopodium 4. Ger. emac. Englifh 
 wild Bafil. This grows in chalky mountaimm, bar- 
 ren, and gravelly grounds, not only in Kent {where 
 Clufius found it) but in many other Counties of 
 England. I take it to be only a variety of the com- 
 mon Acinos Or Stone-Bafil, differing in having a 
 thicker, even-edged, or not-itidented leaf The Herb- 
 Women were wont formerly to fell this Plant for 
 Poley-mountain at London. J fuppofe now they are 
 better informed. 
 
 Adiantum album Offic. Tab. Cam. Ruta mu- 
 raria Ger. J. B. C. B. Ruta muraria live Salvia 
 vit* Park. White Maiden-hair, Wall-Rue, Tent- 
 wort. This grows in many places on old (lone-wallsi 
 and in the chinks of rocks : as in this County on 
 Rochefier-bridge, on the walls of Sir Robert Barn- 
 ham’s houfe at Boclon Munchelfey : at Cobham, 
 where all the houfes are cover’d with it. P. B. on 
 AJhford-bridge and at Dartford. Park. 
 
 t Alcea niinor Park. The lejfer Ve,vain-mal- 
 lovs. Parkinfon for Symnyma of this gives Al- 
 cea Matthioli & Tragi, which others make fy- 
 nonymes of the common greater Vervain-mallow. He 
 tells Hi alfo, that it grows in fome places of Kent, 
 but names no particular ones : Mow Kent is a large 
 fpot of ground to feek out a plant in. 
 
 Alchimilla Ger. vulgaris C B. major vulga- 
 ris Park. Pes leonis live Alchimilla J. B. La- 
 dies mantle. This is found freiyuently growing 
 in mountainous meadows and paHures, efpecially 
 
KENT. 
 
 262 
 
 in the North of Englandy where by the common 
 people it is called Bears-foot. It grows alfo in 
 the fouthem partSy but more rarely. 1 have found 
 it in fome pajiures near my own dwelling in Ef- 
 fcx » and therefore can eajily believe Parkinfon, that 
 it may be found at Kinfwood nigh Feverfhani, and 
 elfewhere in Kent. 
 
 Alga fontalis trichodes C. B. Alga five Con- 
 ferva fontalis trichodes Park. Trichomanes a- 
 quaticum Dalechampii f. B. Water Maiden- 
 hair. I happened to find this plant in the cijiern 
 or conduit-houfe at Leeds-Abbey in Kent belonging 
 then to Sir William Meredith : howbeit I do not 
 think it peculiar to Kent, but common to the like 
 places all England over ; though it hath not yet 
 been my hap to meet with it elfewhere. 
 
 Alopecuros altera maxima Anglica paludo- 
 fa Ger. emac. altera maxima Anglica paluclo- 
 fo, five Gramen Alopecuroides maximum f. B. 
 Lob. Adv. pan. alt. Alopcc. maxima Anglica Park. 
 Great Englifi Marfi Fox-tail grafs. In the fait 
 marfi} by Eriff'e Church. P. B. 
 
 t Alfine Cochlearix longx facie nondum de- 
 feripta P. B. Chick-weed refembling the long-leaved 
 Scurvy-grefs. Between the two Parks at Eltham 
 on the mud. What Plant the Authors of Phy- 
 rologia Britannica meant by this name^ I cannot 
 eaftly divine. Some have thought that they in- 
 tended Alfine longifolia uliginofis proveniens 
 locis f. B. Howevevy no man that I have heard 
 of hath as yet been able to difeover any non-defeript 
 plant thereabout. 
 
 f Alfine corniculata Clufii Ger. J. B. Park. 
 Lychnis fegetum minor C. B. Horned Chick- 
 weed. 'This is a fort of Moufe-ear Chick-weed, and no 
 Campion, as C. Bauhine would have it. In Weft- 
 gate Bay in the IJle of Thanet P. B. I do not 
 believe that ever it grew there, unlefs in fome garden, 
 or of feed accidentally Jhed. Its natural place is in 
 Spain among corn. 
 
 The fame Authors 0/ Phyt. Brit. tell , us, that 
 Anchufa lutea is alfo to be found in the fame Ifle : 
 
 1 believe as much as the former. 
 
 Anagallis aquatica rotundifolia Ger. aquat, 
 rotundifolia non crenata C. B. aquat. 3. Lobe- 
 Ui, folio fubrotundo non crenato Park. Sa- 
 mius valerandi J. B. Round-leaved Water- 
 Pimpernell. This herb, growing in many watery and 
 tnarjh-grounds, and about little rivulets and fprings 
 in moft Counties of England, I fhould not^ have 
 mentioned as a peculiar of Kent, but that it is no 
 very common plant, and others have ajftgned places 
 to it in this County. In the Salt marfhes two 
 miles below Gravefend. P. B. 
 
 Anagallis f'cemina Ger. czerulea feemina, J. B. 
 terreftris caeruleo flore. C. B. Park. Female or 
 blue-fiower'd Pimpernell. This may Ukely enough 
 be found in Rumney-marfh, as Parkinfon tells us. 
 We have obferved it among the corn in other pla- 
 ces of England, but more fparingly : beyond feas 
 it is more plentiful in fome Countries than the red. 
 However, I take it to be, not a diftinll fpecies, but 
 an accidental variety of Pimpernell, differing only in 
 the colour of the fower. r 1 • 1 • 
 
 Arraeria fylveftris altera calyculo foliolis ta- 
 ftigiatis cinfto Lob. Caryophyllus pratenfis Ger. 
 pratenfis nofter major & minor Park.^ barbatus 
 fylveftris C B. Viola barbata aiwulHfolia Da- 
 lechampii J. B. Deptford-pink. This is fo called, 
 either becaufe it grows plentifully in the paftures a- 
 bout Depford, or becaufe it was there firfl taken no- 
 tice of by our Herbarifts. It is not peculiar to Kent, 
 hut common to many other Counties in meadows and 
 pajiures, efpecially where the ground is fandy or gra- 
 velly. _ . . 
 
 Atriplex maritima iaciniata C. B. maritima 
 7. B. marina Ger. marina repens. Lob. Park. 
 
 fagged Sea-Orracbe. At Queenborough and Mar- 
 gate in the Ijle oj Thanet, and in many other pla- 
 ces on the Jandy jkores Ger. Though I have not ob- 
 feived it in thefe places, yet I believe it may there 
 be found as well as on the coafts of EJJex. 
 
 Braflica arborea feu procerior ramofa mariti- 
 ma An BralTica rubra vulgaris f.B? 
 
 Perennial tree-Colewort or Cabbage. On the chalky 
 cliffs at Dover, plentijidly. 
 
 Bralfica marina monofpermos Park, marina 
 multifiora, alba monorpermos Lob. monofper- 
 mos Anglica 7. B. marina Anglica Ger. ma- 
 ritima C. B. Englift) Sea-Colewort. This is com- 
 mon on fandy jhores and ftone-baiches not only in 
 Kent, but all England over. The tender leaves of 
 it are by the country-people eaten as other Coleworts, 
 yea accounted more delicate than they. 
 
 Buxus 7 - B. Ger. arborefeens C. B. arbor 
 vulgaris. Park. The Box-tree. I find in the 
 notes oj my learned friend Air. John Aubrey, 
 that at Boxley in this County there be looods of 
 them : as likewife at Boxwell in Cotefwold, Gloce- 
 jlerftjire : which places took their denomination 
 from them. 
 
 Caflanea f. B. Ger. vulgaris Park, fylvefiris, 
 qux peculiaritcr Cafianea C. B. The Chefnut- 
 tree. This I obferved in Jbrne woods near Sitring- 
 burn, vshether Jpontaneous or formerly planted there, 
 
 I cannot deter?nine : I rati.er think fpontancous ; it 
 growing fo frequent. 
 
 Centaurium minus luteum Park. Small yel- 
 low Centory. This dijjers little from the common 
 purple Centory, fave in the colour oj the flower. 
 Parkinfon, who alone, fo far as I yet know, men- 
 tions this kind, tells us it grows in a field next v.nto 
 Sir Francis Carew’s boufe at Beddhigton near Croy- 
 don, and in a field next beyond Southflete-Chiirch to- 
 wards Gravefend. I never yet met with it in En- 
 gland I but in Italy I have found about Baix a 
 Jmall yellow Centory, differing from the Centau- 
 rium luteum minimum of Columna, and agree- 
 ing in all points with the common fnall purple Cen- 
 tory, fave in the colour of the flower. Vide Park. 
 P- 273- 
 
 Chamspitys vulgaris Park, vulgaris odorata 
 flore luteo J. B. lutea vulgaris leu folio tri- 
 fido C B. mas Ger. Common Ground-pine. From 
 Dartford along to Southflete, Cobham, and Rochefter ; 
 and upon Chatham-Down hard by the Beacon, &c. 
 Park. p. 283. 
 
 Crithmum chryfanthemum Ger. Park, mari- 
 timum flore Afteris Attici C. B. marinum tt-vti- 
 um Matthiolo, flore luteo Buphthalmi f. B. 
 Golden-flower d Sampire. In the miry marfi} in the 
 ijle of Sbepey, as you go from the Kings ferry to 
 Sherland-boufe. Ger. p. 534 * 
 
 Crithmum fpinofum Ger. maritimum fpino- 
 fum C. B. maritimum fpinofum feu Paftinaca 
 marina Park. Paftin.ica marina, quibufdam Se- 
 cacul & Crithmum fpinolum J. B. Prickly Sam- 
 pire or Sea-Parfemp. Near the j'ea, upon the jands 
 and haich, between Whitjiable and the Ijle of Tha- 
 net by Sandwich. Ger. p. 534 - growetb 
 
 here I will not warrant, having m better authority 
 than Gerardos. 
 
 Cyperus rotundus litoreus inodorus Anglicus 
 C. B. Park, rotundus litoreus inodorus Lob. 
 7. B. rotundus litoreus Ger. Round-rooted b'a- 
 fiard Cypems, In divers places of Shepey and Tha- 
 net. Park. p. I 25 y. 
 
 Equifetum feu Hippuris corolloides Ger. e- 
 mac. An Hippuris lacuftris qua’dam foliis 
 manfu arenofis Gefn. Coralline Horfe-tail. Found 
 by Dr. Bowles on a bogg near Chijfelhurft in this 
 
 County. ^ . 
 
 Fagus C. B. Ger. Park. Fagus Latmorum, 
 Oxya Gracorum 7 * Beech-tree. It is 
 
 common 
 
263 
 
 C A NT I U M. 
 
 I 
 
 common in this ConntrSj as alfo in Sujfex, 
 NampfoirCi Hartjordpire, &C. Whence v:e cannot\ 
 + Comm. wonder ^ that Cajar Jlsould f that there 
 
 J 3 eIlo G'allico, u'ere in Britain all forts 0/ trees for timher) ex- 
 cepting Birr and Beech. We may alfo take n(ctice 
 that the Horn-beam-tree is in this Country called the 
 Horfe-bcech, whence jome learned men have been de- 
 ceived, and induced to believe, that there grew two 
 forts of Beech here. 
 
 Fungus perniciofus 25'"^ five Cinarjcformis 
 Pvirk. pjig- 1324. Artichoke Muflrrome. At Rip- 
 ion near Afijford, alfo on Bromley-green, and at a 
 place in Rumney-marfio called Warborn. Park, loco 
 prsmiflb. 
 
 Geranium colmnbinum difleftis foUiSj flo- 
 rura pediculis longiffimis. Doves-foot wiw jag- 
 ged leaves, andfiowers Jlanding on longfialks. In 
 the layes about Swanley near Dartford ', and doubtlejs 
 in many the like places. 
 
 Gentianella fugax quarta Cluf fugax mi- 
 nor Ger. brevi folio C B. fugax 4. Ouiii, flore 
 dilute purpurafcente & carruleo elegantilTimo 
 jf. B. Autumnalis Centaures minoris foliis 
 Park. Autumnal Gentian with fmall Centory leaves. 
 Chifius in his Enghfh Voyage obferved this not far 
 from Dover. J was once fufpicious that it might 
 be no other than our common dwarf Autumnal Gen- 
 tian, but I am fince ajfured by credible perfons, that 
 there is a fort of Autumnal Gentian growing in. 
 England, which is fpecifically different from the mofi 
 common kind, and probably the fame with that which 
 Clujius found near Dover. 
 
 Gentiana paluftris anguftifolia C. B. Pncu- 
 monanthe Ger. Cientianella autumnalis Pneu- 
 monanthe didta Park. Gentians fpecies, Gala- 
 thiaua quibufdam, radice perpetua, five pa- 
 luflris f -B. Marfb Gentian or Cahithian Violet. 
 Near Longfield by Gravefend, as aljo Green-bithe 
 and Ccbham ; about Sir Percival Hart's Houfe at 
 I.ellingjion, and in a chalky pit, not far from Dart- 
 ford, by a Paper-mill. Park. pag. 407. / ne'uer 
 
 yet f ound it but on boggy and heathy grounds and moifi 
 places in Lincolnfliire and Yorkfhire. 
 
 Herba Paris Ger. J. B. Park. Solanum qua- 
 drifolium bacciterum C. B. Herb Paris, True- 
 love, or One-berry. In ffady woods and copfes in 
 many places i as in Hinbury-wood three miles from 
 Maidfione, alfo in a wood called Harwa>ff near to 
 Pinneden-heath, one mile from the /aid Maidfione : 
 in a wood by ChffAhurfi called Longwood, and in 
 the next wood thereto, cuUed Ifeets-uocd, ejpecially a- 
 boi.t the skirts of a hop-garden adjoyr.ing : in a wood 
 alfo cver-agah.Jt Boxle)-Abbey, a mile from Maid- 
 ftcne, in great abui.aance, net far from the hedge- 
 fide of that tne.idcxv rhyergh which runs a rivulet. 
 Park. p. 3510. Tnis is to be found in the like pla- 
 ces all England cvei, but not coi„monly. 
 
 Hicracium montanum afperum Chondrillae 
 folio. C. B. Rough mountainous Hawk-weed with 
 Gum-fuccory leaves. This waf jound in Kent by 
 Mr. Newton, but I renumber not the place where, 
 
 Horminum pratenfe Lavendulx flore C. B. 
 Park. Wild Clary with Lavender-like flowers. Found 
 by Clujius nigh the riding-place at Greenwich. This 
 is, without doubt, our common Englifh wild ClcCry. 
 For the Horminum pratenfe foliis ferratis C. B. 
 which Parkinfon miflakes for our common wild Cla- 
 ry, grows not fpontaneoufly with us in England, fo 
 far as I have yet jeen or heard. 
 
 Hali geniculatum pereraie fniticofius pro- 
 cumbens. Perennial procumbent Shrub-Glafs-won. 
 Found near Shepey-Ifland by my learned friend Dr. 
 Hans Sloane. 
 
 Lepidium latifolium C. B. Pauli J. B. Pipe- 
 ritis Teu Lepidium viilgare Park. Rhaphanus 
 fylveflris Officinarum, Lepidium iEginets Lo- 
 bclio J. B. Dittander, Pepper-wort, Poor-ynans Pep- 
 per. On a bank between Feverfj)am town and the 
 
 t 
 
 haven. Parkinfon tells us it grows wild on Rochefier 
 Common, pag. Sjd'. 
 
 Lychnis major nodiflora Dubrehfis pereii- 
 nis Hifl. itofl. pag. ppj. Great Night-flowering 
 Campion. Found on Dover Cliff s by Mr. Newton 
 who aflirms it to be fpecifically different from the 
 L. fylveflris alba p Clulii : and fo I am mdimd 
 to believe it may, though the difcyiptm of Cluflus 
 agrees in mofi particulars to this. 
 
 Mercurialis maS& Iccmina J. B. Ger. vulga- 
 ris mas & icemina Park, tefliculata feu mas 
 Diofeoridis & Plinii, & fpicata flu feemina 
 eorundem C. B. French-Mercury the tnak and 
 female. It grows very plentifully by .2 village called 
 Brookland in Rumney-marflo. Park. p. apy. 
 
 Ophris bitolia' paluftris. Bifolium paluftre 
 Park. Marfh Tway-blade. F divers places of R:m-* 
 ney-marfh. Park. p. 505. 
 
 Orchis myodes flore coccineo eIog.ans P.B. 
 In Swatf combe Wood. Tho-.gh I know not what 
 fort of Orchis the Ainhors of Phyt. Brit, mean by 
 this name : yet becauje I remember, my very ^ood 
 Friend Mr. George Horlncll Surgeon in Loh.iin, 
 told me. That fome of his Acquaimance did for- 
 merly fhew him jack a kind of elegant Fly-Orchis ; 
 I have given it a place in this Catalogue. 
 
 Orchis barbata fosdda f. B barb .ta odore 
 hirci breviore latioreque tolio C B. 'I'ragorchis 
 maximus & Trag. mas. Ger. Trag. maxima & 
 Trag. vulgaris Park. The Uz.ard-flower or great 
 Goats-fiones. Obferved by Dr. Bowles nigh the higle 
 way between Crayford and Dartford. lilr. Watts 
 hath fince found it alfo in Kent. It hath not been yet 
 my hap to meet with it. 
 
 Orobanche afiinis Nidus avis f. B. Orchis 
 abortiva ruft'a, five Nidus avis Park. Orch. 
 abort, fufea C. B. Satyrion abortivum five Ni- 
 dus avis Ger. M'ffapen Orchis, or Birds-nefl. I 
 jound it in fome thickets at Boclon Muncheljey neat 
 Maidfton. I never obferved many of them together in 
 one place. 
 
 Pifum marinum Ger. aliud maritimum Bri- 
 tannicum Park. Englff Sea-Peafe. At Gilford 
 in Kent over-agninji the Comber. Park. io 5 o. 
 On the Sca-coaft among, the flints and peb- 
 bles near new Romney. Upon the beach run- 
 ning along the floore from Denge-neffe wefiward. 
 Camden Brit. pag. 257. See more of this fort 
 of Peafe in Sufiolk Catalogue. Parkinlon makes 
 two lorts ot Englifij Sea-Peafe : The firft he 
 calls Pifum fpontaneum maritimum Angliciim, and 
 chefecond Pif. aliud mark. Brit. No man that 
 I h.ave heard of befidt’S him hath been as yet 
 able to diicover more than one. 
 
 Plantago major panicula fparfa f. B. latifo- 
 lia fpica multipiici C. B. paniculis fparfis Ger. 
 emac, latifolia fpiralis Park. Befome-Plantain, or 
 Plantain with fp.oky tufts. Found by Dr. Jolmfott 
 at Margate in the Ifie of Thanet j and by Thouias 
 M'illijei. at Reculver there. 
 
 Polygonatum Ger. vuigare Park. l:'.tifoliiim 
 vulgare C. B. Polygonatum, viu^o iigii'um So- 
 lomonis J. B. Solomon ■ Seal At Cr.ijfvrd, Ger. 
 In a wood two mtles from Canterbury by F:jh' 
 pool-hill i and in Ci>ejfon-wocd on Chejjon-hill, be- 
 tween Newington and Sitiii.gbourn. Park, pag. 
 
 6pp. 
 
 • Rhamnus SrJicis folio angufto, fradu fla- 
 vefeente C. B. fecundus Cluhi Ger. emac. pd' 
 mus Diofeoridis Lobelio, five litoralis Park. 
 Rhamnus vel Oivaftor Gvrmanicus f. B. Sal- 
 low-thorn or Sea-Buck-thorn. On the Sar.dy grounds 
 about Sandwich and Deal, as alfo about Folkflon on 
 the other fide of Dover. 
 
 Rubus faxatilis Alpines Park. 
 faxatilis C. B. Rubus Aipunus humilis f ' 
 Saxatilis Ger. Stone-Bramble or Rafp. Parkinfon 
 tells us, it grows in the Ifie of Thanet and other pin' 
 
 ce'i 
 
KENT. 
 
 266 
 
 ces in Kent. I never found it but among the'iMoun- 
 tains in the North. 
 
 Salix purtiila folio fubrotundo, utrinque la- 
 nuginofo & argenteq. Dwarj-vjidovj with round 
 leaves-, and a fiver down on both fides. On the fan- 
 dy grounds near Sandwich. 
 
 iJatyrion abortivum v. Orobanche affinis. In 
 the middle of a Wood near Gravefend. 
 
 Serpyllum dtratum Ger. Park. Cirrii odo- 
 re f. B. tdliis Citri odore C. B. Lemon-T'hyme. 
 Between South-fleet and Longfield-Downs, and be- 
 tween Rochefler and Sittingbourn in the high-way. 
 Park. pag. 
 
 Speculum Veneris majus Park. Veneris Ger. 
 Onobrychis arvenfis, vel Campanula arveiifis 
 ereda C.B. Avicularia Sylvii quibufdam 5. 
 T'be greater Venus’s Looking-glafs. Parkinfon teds 
 us it grows among the com at Greenwich and Dart- 
 ford. I was never yet fo happy as to efpy it among 
 corn. Pojflbly it might fpring of feed, cafi out among 
 the weedings of gardens, and carried into corn-lands. 
 
 Spongia ramofa alcera Anglica, S. Sp. mari- 
 na Anglica planta nodofa Park. Fucus fpongio- 
 fus nodofus Ger. emac. Sea-ragged faff. Near 
 Margate in tne Ifle of T’hanet. 
 
 Verbafcum flore albo parvo f. B. Lychnites 
 flore albo parvo C. B. Lychnites Matthioli Ger. 
 mas foliis longioribus Wlnte-flower d Mul- 
 lein. It is common in this Country by the way-fdes. 
 
 Urtica Romaiia Ger. Park. Romana feu mas 
 cum globulis J. B. urens, pilulas ferens, pri- 
 
 ma Diofcoridis, femiiie Lini C. B. Common Ro- 
 man Nettle. Parkinfon faith it hath been found 
 growing of old at Lidde by Romney, and in the 
 llreets of Romney. Of the original whereof he 
 tells us a very pleafant ftory. It is recorded 
 ffaitii he) that at Romney, Julius Cafar landed 
 with his Soldiers, and there abode for a cer- 
 tain time, whence the place (it is likely) was 
 by them tailed Romania, and corruptly tliere- 
 from Romeney or Romney. But for the growing 
 of this Nettle in that place, it is reported. That 
 the Soldiers brought fomc of the Seed with 
 them, and fowed dt there fot their ufe, to rub 
 and chafe their Limbs, when through extreme 
 cold they lliould be Hitf and benumnedj being 
 told before they came from home, that the Cli- 
 mate of Britain was fo extreme cold, that it 
 was not to be endured without fome fridtion or 
 rubbing to warm their blood, and to ftir up 
 their natural heat : iince which time, it is 
 thought, it hath continued there, riling yearly 
 of its own fowing. 
 
 T'bis Story ha^ nothing of likelylmd in it, be- 
 caufe the Roman Nettle is found not only here, but 
 in divers other places on the Sea-coajl nor, had it 
 been a Jiranger or exotick, would it likely have con- 
 tinued fo long, coming up yearly of its own fowing. 
 Outlandifh Plants ufually failing, and' being lofl, if 
 not cultivated in gardens. Add hereto that Julius 
 Cafar landed not hereabouts. 
 
D O B U N I. 
 
 E have gone through aU thofe CountieSi ■which are hounded by the Britiih Ocecmt 
 the Severn Sea, and the river Thames. Let us now take a furvey of the reft, 
 in their order ; and, crojjlng the river, and returning back to the Thames-Ziefl^ 
 and to the Mjhtary of Severn, let m view the Territories of the Dobuni who 
 inhabited Glocefterfhire and Oxfordfhire. 
 
 The Name feems to be deriv’d from j Duffen a Britiftj word becaufe of their^ in 
 living in a Couniry which conjifts for the moft^ part of '^hins and Valleys, 
 upon, the whole People took their Denomination from thence ; and, from fuch a ft- 
 tuation, Bathieia in Troas, Catabathmos in Africa, Deepdale in. Britain, re- 
 ceiv'd their feveral Names. And I am the more eaftly indue d to this Opinion, becaufe I find that Dion 
 calls thefe People by a name of the fame fignification, Bodumii, if there is not a tranfpofition of the Let- 
 * Sodo, * jgoJo or Bodun in the ancient language of the Gauls, as Pliny informs ph, fignifiesDeep, 
 
 language I have before demonftrated to^ be the fame with the Britifij i from whence, as he fuppofes, 
 tai»f and is the name of the City Bodincomagus, plac’d upon the deepefl part of the river Poe and that of the 
 Cauls. Bodiontii, a People that inhabited the deep Valley new call’d Val de Fontenay, near the lake Lema- 
 ne not to mention Bodotria, the deepefl Frith in all Britain. 
 
 I have met with nothing in ancient Authors concerning thefe Boduni, but that Aulus Plautius, who 
 was fent by Claudius to be Proprator in Britain, took part of them into his proteHion, who before were 
 fubjeB to the Catuellani (their next neighbours,) and placed a Garrifon among them about the 45'’’ year_ 
 of our Lord ', and this I have from Dio. 
 
 But ajfoon as the Saxons had conquer’d Britain, the Name of Dobuni was loft, and part of them, with 
 other Inhabitants bordering upon them, were by a new German name call’d Wiccii ; but from whence, 
 without the Reader’s leave, I fhould fcarce prefume to conjeBure : Tet if Wic in Saxon ftgnifie the Creek 
 of a River, and the Vignones a German People are fo call'd, becaufe they dwell upon the Creeks of 
 Rivers and the Sea (as is term’d by B. Rhenanus ; ) it cannot be abfurd to derive the name of Wic- 
 cii from Wic ; ftnee their habitation was about the mouth of the Severn, which is full of windings 
 and turnings. 
 
 GLOCESTERSHIRE. 
 
 IVoYcelhrfhire, 
 
 bVarwklfbire, 
 
 ' Locefterftjire, in Saxon TDleap- 
 ceayepe-j-cype, Erleapce j*cpe- 
 ycypeand lEHeauceyrepycbype, 
 was the chief Territory of the 
 Dobuni. It is bounded on the 
 weft by Monmouthfhire and He- 
 refordfhire, on the north by 
 on the call by Oxfordfiiire and 
 and on the fouth by Wiltfhire 
 and part of Somerfetfhire. A pleafant and fer- 
 tile County, extending from north-eaft to fouth- 
 Y’eft j fand faid to be fixty miles in length, 
 twenty fix in breadth, and one hundred and 
 fixty in circumference .1 The moll eafterly part, 
 which fwells into rifing Hills, is call’d Cottef- 
 The middle partis a large fruitful Plain, 
 water’d by the moft noble river Severn, that 
 gives as it were life and fpirit to the Soil. The 
 more wefterly part, lying on the other fide Se- 
 vern, is all fhaded with Woods. But enough 
 of this : William of Mahnesbury eafes me of 
 the labour ; v.ho fully deferibes this County, 
 and lets forth the Excellencies of it. Take 
 what he writes in his V>Q<SkDePontifictbtis. 
 
 The Vale of Glocefter is fo call’d from its chief 
 City ; the foil fields plenty of Corn and Fruit ( in 
 jome places, by the natural rkhnefs of the ground, in 
 
 \ others, by the diligence of the Country-man ) enough 
 to excite the idleft perfon to take pains, when it re- 
 pays his labour with the increafe of an hundred- 
 fold. Here you may behold high-ways and pub- 
 lick roads full of Fruit-trees, not planted, but 
 growing naturally. The Earth bears fruit of its own 
 accord, much exceeding others both in tafte and beauty, 
 many forts of which continue frefh the year round, 
 and ferve the owner till he is fupplyd by a new In- 
 creafe. No County in England has fo many or fo 
 good Vineyards cu this i either for fertility, or fweet- yineyirds. 
 nefs of the Grape. The wine hae in it no unplea- 
 fant tartnefs or eagemefs j and is little inferiour to the 
 French in fweetnefs. The Villages are very thick, 
 the Churches handfome, and theTowns populous and 
 many. 
 
 To all which may be added, in honour of this 
 County, the river Seveme , than which there is not Seycm«. 
 any in the Land, that has a broader Chanel, fwifter 
 ftream, or greater plenty of Fifh. There is in it as 
 it were a daily rage and fury of Waters ', which / 
 know not whether / may call a Gulph or Whirl- 
 pool, cafting up the Sands from the bottom, and 
 rowling them into heaps ; it comes with a great tor- 
 rent, but lofes its force at a Bridge. Sometimes it 
 overflows its banks, and, marching a great way into 
 the neighbouring Plains, returns back as Conqueror of 
 
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270 
 
 2(59 
 
 G LOC EST ERSHIR E. 
 
 the Land. That Vejfd is in great danger -which is 
 fiyicken hy it On the fide ; the Water-men are usd to 
 Hjgr'' it, and when they fee this Hygre coming (fir fi 
 they cad it) they turn the Vejfeh and, cutting through 
 the midft of it, avoid its force. 
 
 What he fays concerning the hundred-fold 
 increafe, doth not at all hold true ; neither do 
 I believe, uith thofe idle and difcontented 
 Husband-men, v horn Columeda reprehends, that 
 the foil, worn out by exceflive fruitfulnefs in 
 former Ages, is now become barren. But from 
 hence (to pais by other Arguments) we are not 
 to wonder, that fo many places in this Coun- 
 ty from their Vines are called ViiKyards,^ be- 
 caufe they formerly afforded plenty of Wine ; 
 and that they yield none now, is rather to be 
 imputed to the doth of the Inhabitants, than 
 the indifpofition of the Climate. TFor nowy 
 thele Vineyards have nothing left in this Coun- 
 tv, but the places nam’d from them j viz. one 
 near Tewkesbury, at prefent call’d the Vineyard, 
 vershriage.and .another on a rifing hill by Oversbridge near 
 . GkceBer ; where was a large houfe moted 
 round, belonging to the Biiliop of Glocefler, 
 
 ■ built, about the year 1351, by the Abbot of 
 
 Glocefter ; but it was totally ruin’d in the late 
 Civil Wats.l Why, in fome parts of this Coun- 
 , (. ty (*as we read in our Statutes) The Lands 
 Ed.'l'il. and Tenements of condemned perfons (by a 
 fHas now, private Cullom, Svhich | had the force of aSm- 
 C’ tute,) are forfeited to the King, only for a 
 
 year and a day, and after that term expir’d, 
 contrary to the cuftom of all England befide, 
 do return to the next heirs, let the Lawyers 
 enquire, lince it is not to my purpofe ; [and the 
 Cullom or Privilege it felf is now loft by de- 
 fuetude ; for upon the ftriSeft enquiries .among 
 underftanding men, it does not appear that it 
 is us’d or claim’d in any part of this County.l 
 And now let us furvey, in order, thofe three 
 Parts, which I mention'd before. 
 
 The more wefterly part beyond Severne 
 (which was formerly poflcls’d by the Silures) 
 as far as the river Vaga or Wye which divides 
 England and Wales ■, is all cover’d with thick 
 Fore# of Woods, and at this day is call’d Dean-Forefi : 
 Dean. gome of the Latin writers call it Sylva Dauica, 
 from fhe Danes ; others with Giraldus, Danu- 
 iia Syha. But unlefs it take the name from a 
 fmall neighbouring Town call’d Deane ; 
 fllould fanfy that by cutting off a fyllable, it 
 is deriv’d from Arden ; which word the Gauls 
 and Britains heretofore feem to h.ave ufed for a 
 Wood, fince two very great Forefts, the one in 
 Gadia Belgica, the other amongft us in War- 
 wkkjhire, are call’d by one and the fame name, 
 Arden. This formerly was fo thick with Trees, 
 fo Very d.ark and terrible by reafon of its lhades 
 and croft-ways ; that it rendred the Inhabi- 
 tants barbarous, and embolden’d them to com- 
 mit many outrages. For, in the reign of Hen- 
 ry the lixth, they fo annoy’d the banks of the 
 Sraerne with their Robberies, that there was 
 * S Hen. 6 . * an Act of P.arliament made on purpofe to 
 curb and reftrain them. But, fince fo many 
 Iron, rich veins of Iron have been difeover’d here- 
 abouts, thofe thick Woods by degrees are be- 
 come much thinner. TThe prefent Foreft of| 
 Dean contains about thirty thoufaiid Acres j 
 the foil is a deep clay, fit for the growth of Oak. 
 The hills, full of Iron-ore, colour the feveral 
 Springs that have their pafiage through them, 
 tlVid.Philof.tlHere are feveral Furnaces for the making of 
 Tranf. N. Iron, which by the violence of the fire be- 
 comes fluid, and, being brought to their forges, 
 is beat out into Bars of various lhapes. The 
 workmen are very induftrxous in feeking out 
 the Beds of old Cinders j which, not being 
 
 fully exhaufted, are burnt again in the furna- 
 ces, and make the bell Iron. The Oak of the 
 foreft was fo very coniiderable, that it is faid 
 to have been part of the Inftruftions of the 
 Spanifh Armada, to defiroy the timber of this 
 place. But what a foreign power could not 
 efteft, our own Civil Dillentioiis did j for it 
 went miferably to wrack in the CMl 'wars^ In 
 this Foreft, upon the river, ftood two Towns 
 of good Antiquity, Tudenham and WoUalion, Tudenliam. 
 which Walter and Roger, the brothers of Gifle- 
 bert de Clare, about the year ii< 5 o, took from 
 the Welfh : and hard by thefe, is Lydney, where Lydney. 
 
 Sir William Winter, Vice-admiral of England, 
 a moft worthy Knight, built a fair houfe. 
 
 TThis Family fufteFd much for their Loyalty 
 to King Charles the firft.l But moft noted for 
 Antiquity, is Antoninus’s or Avoney-^h-izh Abone. 
 is not yet wholly deprived of its old name, 
 being now called * Aventon fa Chapel of E;^fe * Alvin^ton, 
 to WollaHon, the Eftate of Henry Duke of Beau- 
 fort^l a fmall village indeed, but by Severn- 
 fide, and diftant exactly nine miles, as he alfo 
 makes it, from Venta Silurum, or Caer IVent. 
 
 And fince Avon in the Britifli Language ligni- Avon, 
 fieth a River, it is not improbable that it took 
 it’s name from the river. In the fame fenfe, 
 among us (to omit many others) we have JVa- 
 terton, Bourne, Riverton ; and the Romans had 
 their Aquinum and Fluentiiim. And I am the 
 more inclin’d to believe, that the town 
 cook it’s name from the rivei-, becaufe at this 
 place they us’d to ferry over j from wht:nce 
 the town oppolite to it was called TrajeHus byTraje*us. 
 Antoninus : but without doubt there is an 
 error in the computation of the diftances, 
 fince he makes it nine miles betwixt TrajeShts 
 and Abone j whereas, the river is fcarce two 
 miles over. 
 
 But I fuppofe it may have loft it’s name, or 
 rather dwindled into a village, w lien p.aflengers 
 began to ferry over lower, or when Athelltan The Ferry, 
 expell’d the Welfh thence. For he was the 
 firft, according to William of Malmesbury, 
 who droi e the Welfh beyond the river Wye ; 
 and whereas, in former times, Severn divided 
 the Welfli (or the Cambri) and the Englifh i 
 he made the Wye their Boundary : whence our 
 Country-man Necham, 
 
 Inde Vagos Vaga Cambrenfes, him refpkit 
 Anglos. 
 
 On this fide, Wye the Englifh views, 
 
 On that, the winding Welfh purfues. 
 
 • fin the late Commentary upon Antoninus, 
 
 Abone is placed elfewhete, upon the river Avon, 
 namely at Hanham j which the Author accor-Hanham. 
 dingly interprets, either as a contraction of A- 
 vonham, a ham or manfion at Abone, or elfe a 
 contraSion of Henham, an ancient ham or fla- 
 i. i 
 
 Not far from Wye, ftands, amongft tufts of 
 trees, St. Breulais Caftle, more tliaii half de-St. Breulais. 
 molifhedj famous for the death of Malselyoxin- 
 geft fon of Miles Earl of Hereford : for there, 
 the Judgments of God overtook him for his 
 rapacious ways, inhuman Cruelties, and bound- 
 lefs Avarice, always ufurping on other men’s 
 rights ; (with all thefe vices he is taxed by the 
 writers of that age.) For, as Giraldus tells 
 us, being courteoully entertained here by Wal- 
 ter de Clifford, and the Caftle caking fire, he 
 loft his life by the fall of a ftone on his head, 
 from the higheft tower. TThis Caftle ( now 
 qiin’d) ferves as a Prifon for Offenders in the 
 pbreft. The Government of it has been always 
 
 efteem’d 
 
271 
 
 DOBUNL 
 
 272 
 
 
 efteem’d a place of honour, and feveral Noble- 
 men have been Governours. Here it is, that 
 Wine-Court, the Mi'fie-Coun, Sv)ain~Motei and Speech-Court 
 Swain-Mote. kept, vhcreiii arc feveral old Cultoms of 
 By the river JVye^ Neti^Iand, a 
 large Parifh, Handing in a pleafant plain, -where 
 are vaft Mine-pits of lixty or feventy foot deep, 
 and as large as a conliderable Church. Mr. 
 ^vnes, a Hamborough-Merchaiit, erected here an 
 Alms-houfe for lixtecn poor men and women, 
 and gave a v'ery good houfe and ftipend to a 
 Ledturer of which the Company of Haber- 
 dafhers in London are Truftces. North-weft 
 Wefibury. trorri hence, is hVa&ljury, a very large Parifli, 
 reputed about twenty miles in compals-1 
 
 Nothing more is remarkable in this woody 
 trait, but"that Herbert, who marry ’d the daugh- 
 ter of the forefaid Mabel Earl of Hereford, was 
 in right of his wife call’d Lord of Deane ; from 
 whom the noble family of the Herberts deduce 
 tlieir original, who gave rife to the Lords ot 
 Blanlenjeny, and more lately, to the Herberts, 
 See in Derby- Earls of Huntingdon, and Pembroke, and others. 
 Ibire. From which family (if we may credit D. Povsel in 
 
 Anthony kis Welili Hiftory,) w'as defcended^Kf/jOKy Fitz,- 
 Fitzherbert-^^.,^^^,^^ whomtlu- Court of Common Pleas, of 
 which he was fometime chief Juftice, and. his 
 own moft elaborate treatifes ot the Common 
 Law, do manifeft to have been exceeding emi- 
 nent in his Profeflion. But others affirm, that 
 he was dcfccndcd from the Fitz-Herberts, a 
 Knightly family in the County of Derby and 
 indeed, in my opinion, more truly. 
 
 The river Severn, call’d by the Britains Haf- 
 fren f runs in this County above forty miles, uy 
 land : it is in fome places tw o or three miles 
 over, and yet the tide floweth the whole length 
 of the current as high as T'ev^kesbury. It is re- 
 markable, that the tides one year are largeft 
 at full Moon, the next at the change and 
 that one year the night-tides are largeft, the 
 other, the day-rides.l After it hath run a long' 
 way in a narrow chanel, at it’s ftrft entrance 
 into this Shire it receives the Avon, [(near 
 Ack. p. 791. which, on the top of a Hill call’d "Towbery- 
 Towbery- there is an Incampmentj}! and another 
 
 ' fmall river that runs into it from the Eaft; be- 
 
 Tewkesbury. tween which, is fcated T’evakesbury, in the Sax- 
 on tongue I’beocpbupy, by others nam’d Theoci 
 Cwn’fl, and fo call’d from Theocus,who there led 
 the life of an hermit : a large and fair town, 
 having three bridges leading to it over three 
 rivers ; famous for the making of -woollen-cloth, 
 Bitirg-Mu- and fmart-biting MuBard ; but formerly moft 
 flard. noted for an ancient Monaftery founded by 
 Odo and Dodo, two brothers, in the year of our 
 Lord 715,' w here their Palace formerly Hood, 
 as they teftify’d by the following Infcrip- 
 • tion : 
 
 HANC AULAM REGIAM DODO 
 DUX CONSECRARI FECIT IN 
 ECCLESIAM. 
 
 Which, being alraoft ruin’d by Age and War, 
 Fiti-hamftn. repair’d by Robert Fitz-hamon a Norman, 
 our of a pious defign to make fatisfaffcion on 
 his part, for the lofs that the Church of £a- 
 ;>zixin Normandy fuftain’d, which Henry i. had 
 confumed with fire to free him from prilon, but 
 afterwards, repenting of the fad, rebuilt. “ It 
 “ cannot (faith William of Malmesbury) be 
 ‘‘ eafily conceived, how much Robert Fitz-ha- 
 “ mon adorned and beautified this Monaftery, 
 “ W'here the ftarelinefs of the buildings ravifli’d 
 “ the eyes, and the pious charity of the Monks 
 “ the afteeftions, of all Perfons, that came th-I- 
 y ther”. In this Monaftery, he and his fuc- 
 
 ceiiors Earls of -Glocefter, w-ere interr’d, who 
 had a caftle hard-by call’d Holmes, that is »ow Holmes Ca 
 ruin’d. [Little of the Abbey remains, faveftle. 
 only the Church, which is Parochial, and had 
 once a fair Spire upon it. Mr. Fuller, in his 
 Church-Hiftory, makes it a controverted point, 
 w'herher the Abbot oiT'evikeshiiry bad a Voice in 
 Parliament j but by Bifhop Godvdns Annals it 
 appears he had one. An. 1555?. So that this 
 County had four mitred Abbies, GloceBer, Ci- 
 . renceBer, T’exekesbury-i and Wincktombe. 1 Nor 
 was feiiskesbnry lefs famous for the bloody over- 
 throw chat the Lancaftrians receiv’d in this 
 pi.ace in the year 1471 j in which battle ma- 
 ny of them were llain, and more taken and be- 
 headed, and their power fo weaken’d, and their 
 hopes fo funk by the death of Edward the on- 
 ly fon of King Henry the fixth, while very 
 young ( his brains being barbaroufly beaten 
 out here } ) that they w-ere never after able to 
 make heiid againft King Edward 4. Whence 
 J. Leland writes thus of this Town, 
 
 Ampla foro, partis fpoliis pralara F’heoci 
 
 Ctiria, Sabrina qua fe committit Avona, 
 
 Fulget J nobilium facrifque recondit in an- 
 tris, 
 
 Midtonm cincres, quondam inclyta corpora 
 bello. 
 
 Where Avon’s friendly ftreams with Severn 
 joyn. 
 
 Great TewEesbury’s Walls, renown’d for 
 Trophies, ftiine. 
 
 And keep the fad remains, with pious 
 care. 
 
 Of noble fouls, the honour of the War. 
 
 [This Corporation was diffolv’d, in the year 
 1688, by the Proclamation of King James the 
 fecond.l 
 
 From hence we go down the ftream to Deo;- Deorhirll. 
 hirft, wiiich is mention’d by Bede : it lies very 
 low upon the Severn, -whereby it fuftains great 
 damage, when the river overflow's. It had for- 
 merly a fmall Monaftery, which was ruin’d by 
 the Danes, but flourifhed again under Ed"ward 
 the Confeflbr, who, as we read in his Will, 
 afjigned it, vsith the government thereof, to the 
 Monajiery of St. Denis near Paris. But a lit- 
 tle after, as Malmesbury faith, it vsas only an 
 empty monument of antiquity. [Here, a * Gen-*Mr.Pwl« 
 tleman of this place, in the year idyy, dug-up 
 in his Orchard an old ftone with this Infcrip- 
 tion : Odda Dux jufjtt ham Regiam Aulam conjirui 
 atque dedicari in honorem S. Trinitatis, pro ammo, 
 germani fui Elfrici, qua de hoc loco affumpta. Eal- 
 dredus veto Epifeopus, qui eandem dedicavit 2 Idi- 
 bns April. 14 autem anno Regni S. Eadxvardi Re- 
 gis Anglorum : i. e. Duke Odda commanded 
 this Royal Palace to be built, and to be dedi- 
 cated to the Holy Trinity, for the foul of his 
 Coufin Elfrick, which w as parted from his bo- 
 dy ill this place. But Ealdrcd'was the Bifhop 
 who confccrated it, on the fecond of the Ides 
 of April, and the 14'^^ year of the reign of 
 the Holy King Edward .1 Over-againft this, 
 in the middle of the river, lies a place call’d 
 Oleiieag and Alney by the Saxons [(and inOlefieaS- 
 their ancient Annals more truly Olanige) 1 now 
 the Eight, i. e. an IJland. : Famous upon thisEigkt- 
 account, that when the Engiifli and Danes had 
 much weaken’d themfelves by frequent encoun- 
 ters, in order to iliorten the War, it was agre- 
 ed, that the fate of both nations flioulo be 
 determin’d here, by the valour of Edmund 
 King of the Engiifli and Canutus King of the 
 Danes, in Angle combat ; wno, after a long 
 
G LOC ESTERSHIRE. 
 
 274 
 
 and doubtful Encounter, agreed upon a Peace, 
 and the Kingdom was divided between them : 
 but Edmund being quickly taken out of the 
 world, not without fuipicion of poyfon, the 
 Dane fcizcd upon the whole. fHowever, it 
 muft be confefs’d, that general tradition will 
 not allow this to be the place ; neither is it 
 iuftify’d by any analogy between the old and 
 new names. 'Near GhaUerr, betwixt Oven- 
 Iriige and Majfmme, there is an IQand call’d 
 t(i.ofAlney.to this day the IJle of Alney, which perhaps 
 may rather fcem to be, as fome are clear and 
 poKtive that it was, the very place of that 
 
 aaion.1 „ , . o c 
 
 From Deorbirft the river bevern, alter many 
 windings, parts it felf, to make the forefaid lile 
 oi Alney (which is rich, and beautiful, with fruitful 
 green meadows ; ) and then haftens to the chief 
 City of the County, which Antoninus calls 
 clmum or Glevum, the Britains Coer Glmiy the 
 Saxons rCleapanceaycep and! Dle.aucerc:0p, we 
 GhceSler, the modern Latins Glovernia, others 
 aandioceflria from the Emperor Claudius, who, 
 as is reported, gave it that name when he here 
 'married his daughter Gem/a to A;-viragus the 
 EritiOi King, whom Juvenal mentions : 
 
 Rigem aliquem cafies, vel de temone Bri- 
 tanno 
 
 Excidet Arviragpa. 
 
 Some captive King thee his new Lord 
 fhallown. 
 
 Or from his Britify Chariot headlong 
 thrown 
 
 The proud Awhagm comes tumbling 
 down. 
 
 Gloceller. 
 
 as if Claudims three wives had brought him 
 anv daughters befides Claudia, Antonia, and 
 OBavia or as if Arviragus was known m that 
 ace when his name was fcarce heard of in Do- 
 mitian's reign. But> leaving thofe who cor- 
 rupt Antiquity by their own Fancies, i ra- 
 ther adhere to Nirmius his Opinion, who de- 
 rives this name from Ghms, great grand-father; 
 of King Vortigern ; only, I find Gl^m men- 
 tion’d long before by Antoninus (which the 
 diftance from Corinium, together with its name, 
 fhews to be the fame place ; ) But as the &x- 
 on name Gkmcefter, came from Gtnum,io Gk- 
 vum by analogy c.ame from the Britilh name 
 Caer G/oui, and that, I believe, from the Bri- 
 tiftl word Glm, which in their language hg- 
 nifies fair .and ffleniii i fo that Caer Glow is 
 the fame as a fair City. Upon the like ac- 
 count, among the Greeks, were the names of 
 Callipolis, Callidromos, and CaUiflratta ; and a- 
 •SdJJmU mongfttheEnglifli * Brigbftow j and m this 
 pair-jord. This City was built by the 
 fe/'””” Romans, on purpofe to be a curb to the & 
 ‘ lures ■ and a Colony was placd here call d Co- 
 Ionia Glevum ; for I have feen the remains of 
 an ancient Stone in the walls of Bat/i near the 
 North-gate, with the following Infcription, 
 fftill remaining there :1 
 
 a flrong wall ; being beautify^d with many fair 
 Churches, and handfome well-built Streets. On 
 the fouth part, was once a CafUe, built of 
 fquare ftone, but now almoft quite ruin’d ; fbe- 
 ing only the common Gaol for debtors and te- 
 lons.l It was firft erefted in the time of IVUli- 
 am the Conqueror, and fixtecn houfes were 
 dcraolifhed in that place (as Domefday-book 
 mentions it) to make room for this edifice. 
 
 About which (as Roger de Monte writes) Roger ^ 
 the fon of Myks Conftable of Glocefler, com- 
 menced an Aftion at Law againft King Henry 
 the fecond ; and Walter his brother loft the 
 right he had, both to the City and Caftlc. Ceau- 
 lin. King of the Weft-Saxons, firft took this 
 City by force of arms from the Britains in the 
 year 570; then it came under the Jurifdicftioti 
 of the Mercians, under whom it fiourifh’d a 
 long time in great repute. Here Ofrick King 
 of the Northumbrians, by the permiflion of 
 Etbelred King of the Mercians, founded a large 
 and ftately Nunnery ; over which Kineburga, 
 
 Eadburga, and Eva, all Mercian Qiieens, fuc- 
 ceffively prefided. Edeljleda likewife, the fa- 
 mous Lady of the Mercians, adorned it with a 
 noble Church, in which her felf lies intomb*d. 
 fThis Nunnery, being ruin’d and decay’d, was 
 repaired by Beornulph King of the Mercians, in 
 the year 821, who chang’d the former inftitu- 
 tion into Secular Priefts ; and they continu’d till 
 Wulftan Bifliop of Worcefter plac’d Regulars 
 there, of the Order of St. Benedick, in the 
 year 1022.I 
 
 Not long after fthe Erection,! when the 
 whole County was ravaged by the Danes, thofe 
 facred Virgins were forc’d to depart, and the 
 Danes, as Mthelv:erdt\\^‘i ancient Author writes j 
 after many turns and changes of War, fet up their 
 tents at Gleuu-cefter. And, thofe more ancient 
 Churches having been ruin’d in thefe times of 
 Calamity, Aldred Archbifhop of York and Bi- 
 fhop of Worcefter, erefted a new one for Monks, 
 which is the prefent Cathedral, and hath a Dean 
 and fix Prebendaries belonging to it. Which 
 Church, in former ages, receiv’d great additi- 
 ons and ornaments from feveral Benefactors : 
 for j?. Hanly and 7 ! Farley, Abbots, fare faid 
 to have! added the Virgin Marys Chapel; 
 for rather Ralph WHUngton (as hath been dif- 
 covered by iome ancient Records) who alfo 
 gave Lauds to find two Priefts for ever.! Ni- 
 cholas Monxient built the weftern front from the 
 ground, very beautifully, f Fhomas Horton Ab- f G, Cam, 
 bot joyned to it the northern crofs Ille j Ab- 
 bot |1 built the curious neat Cloy-HTrowcefler, 
 
 fters, and Abbot Seabroke the great and ftately C. 
 
 Tower, i This is fo neat and and curious, that 
 Travellers have affirm’d it to be one of the beft 
 pieces of Architecture in England. Abbot Sea- 
 broke, the firft defigner of it, dying, left it to 
 the care of Robert Fully a Monk of this place ; 
 which is intimated in thofe verfes written in. 
 black Letters, under the arch of the Tower in 
 the Quire : 
 
 Decurlo. 
 
 iVIXlAlNLXKK^/"^ 
 
 This City lies extended upon the river 
 vem ; and, on that fide where it is not wafh d 
 with the river, it is fecured in fome places w'ith 
 
 Hoc (imd digeflum fpecularis, opufque po- 
 litum, 
 
 Fullii bac ex onere, Seabroke Abbate ju^ 
 bente. 
 
 This Fabrick which you fee, exaCk and 
 neat. 
 
 The Abbot charg’d the Monk to make 
 compleat.1 
 
 The South Ifle was rebuilt with the offerings 
 chat devout People made at the Shrine of King 
 Edward the fecond, who lies here interr’d in an 
 M m Alaba-* 
 
275 
 
 DO BU NI. 
 
 276 
 
 Aijibaiter tomb. And not far from him lies 
 in the middle of the Quire, the unfortunate • 
 Robert Cun-hofey eldeil fon of William the 1 
 Conqueror Duke of Normandy, in a wooden ' 
 monument. fThe forefaid Ott'erings at King 
 Ed^^’ard’s tomb, were very large ; for prefently 
 after his death, fo great a reipeft was paid to . 
 the memory of their injur’d Prince, that the 
 Town was fcarce able to receive the Votaries 
 that flock’d thither. And the Rcgifter of the I 
 Abbey affirms, that if all the Oblations had 
 been expended upon the Church, they might 
 have built an entire new one from the very 
 foundation.! Beyond the Quire, in an Arch 
 of the Church, there is a wall built with fo 
 f Angulofum. great artifice, in the form of a fcmicircle, f with 
 corners, that if any one whifper very low at 
 one end, and another lay his ear to the other 
 end, he may eafily hear every Syllable diftinft. 
 TThis, however, may poffibly be accidental j 
 for if one furvey the out-fide of the Church, 
 he will fee, that two parts of it were tack’d- 
 on, only as paflages into a Chapel erefted 
 there.! In the reign of William the Conque- 
 ror and before, the chief trade of the City 
 feems to have been forging of Iron ", for as it is 
 mention’d in Domefday-book, there was fcarce 
 any other tribute requir’d by the King, except 
 *An Jen is certain * Icres of Iron, and Iron-bars, for the 
 ten Bars, ufe of the Royal Navy ; and a few pints of 
 Honey. After the coming-in of the Normans, 
 it fufter’d fome Calamities, when England was 
 in a flame, by the Barons W'ars ; being plun- 
 der’d by Edward the fon of Henry the third, 
 and, after, almoft laid in afhes by a cafual fire. 
 
 But, by the blefling of a continued peace it 
 ftourifh’d again. TKing John made it a Bur- 
 rough, to be govern’d by two Bailift's , and King 
 Henry the third (who was crown’d here) made 
 it a Corporation. On the fouth-fide of the Ab- 
 bey, King Edward the firft ereSed a noble 
 Edward’s Frec-ftoiie-gate, which is ftill call’d Edward's 
 Gate. Gate ; and was repair’d by the laft Abbot, 
 but almoft demolifh’d in the late Civil wars.! 
 Afterwards, having the two adjacent Hun- 
 dreds added to it fby King Richard the 
 third (who aifo gave it his Sword and cap of 
 Maintenancey\ it was made a County of it felf, 
 and call’d The County oj the City of Glocefie'r. [But 
 after the Reftoration of King Charles the fe- 
 cond, the faid Hundreds were taken away by 
 A£l of Parliament, and the walls pull’d down, 
 becaufe they had fhut the gates againft King 
 Charles the firft, when he laid fiege to the 
 place, in the year id43. Before that fiege, the 
 City was adorn’d with eleven Parifh-Churches ; 
 but five of them were then demolifh’d.! Hen- 
 + So faid, ry the eighth, in the memory of f our fa- 
 ann. 1607. thers, adorn’d it with an Epifcopal See, with 
 which dignity ( as Geoftfy of Monmouth 
 faith) it was anciently honour’d i and I have 
 reafon, not to queftion the truth of that afler- 
 * Cluvienlis. tion, lince the Biihop of * Cluve is reckon’d 
 among the Britifii Prelates (which name be- 
 ing deriv’d from Clevum or Glow, doth in part 
 confirm my conjedure, that this is the Glevum 
 mention’d by Antoninus.) fAlfo, in the Hall 
 of theBifhop’s Palace, is written Eldeedus Epif- 
 copM GkceHrenJis ; and Bifhop Godwin fays, 
 that Theonus was tranflated from Glocefter to 
 London in the year 553. Here is great pro- 
 vifion for the poor, by Hofpitals ; particularly 
 Bartholomews Hofpital maintains fifty four poor 
 men and women, to whom belong a Minifter, 
 Phyfician, and Chirurgeon. And Sir Tlmncu 
 Rich Baronet, a native of this place, gave fix 
 thoufand Pounds by Will for a Blew-dat Hof- 
 pital, wherein are educated twenty Boysj and 
 
 ten poor Men, and as many Women, are, 
 maintain’d, and all cloath’d annually. Belides thefe 
 (and three more) there are many other Bene- 
 fadions to encourage young. I’radefmcn, and 
 CO place out Boys Apprentices. 
 
 Juft beyond Glocefter, the Severn pafleth by 
 Hetnpfiead, the Church whereof, till that time Hempftead. 
 Impropriate, was changed into a Redory, up- 
 on a tree gift of the Impropriation made to it 
 by John Lord Scudamore, Vifeount Slego in 
 Ireland which faid Gift was confirmed to 
 the Church by a Ipecial f Ad of Parliament pro- 1 ^ 
 cured by him for that end. Then it pafleth by * 
 Lanthony, a ruinated Priory built in the yeavr , 
 
 1135, as a Cell to that of St. John Baptifl^ in 
 Wales. Above this, on a little hill, ftood 
 Newark-houfe, which belong’d to the Prior, 
 was rebuilt by the Lord Scudamore, the owner houfe. 
 thereof. 
 
 Below this, the river Stroud runs into the Stroud, m, 
 Severn upon which ftands a town of the fame 
 name, famous for cloathing; the water where- 
 of is faid to have a peculiar quality for dying 
 Reds. It is a Market-tow'ii, ftanding on the 
 afeent of a hill, and is the chief refidence of 
 the Clothiers in thefe parts, whofe trade in 
 this County amounts to five hundred thoufand 
 Pounds per Annum ; fome making a thoufand 
 Cloaths a year, for their own fhare. Not ftt . v « . 
 from hence, in the Parifh of Btfey, was horUg.^^^*^ 
 the famous Friar Bacon, and educated at 
 Mary’s Chapel (now St. Bury-mill on Stroud- 
 river) wherein is a Room call’d at this day 
 Friar Bacons Study. Between Stroud 
 Glocefter, ftandeth Paynfwick, a Market-town, Study, 
 faid to have the beft and moft wholfom airPayHfvfick. 
 in the whole County : and near it, on the 
 hill, was Kembsborow-Cafik, the fortification.Cj^g^,^j|jQj^,y. 
 and trenches whereof are ftill vifible. Thiscaille. 
 is exceeding high i having on the north-fide 
 a vaft precipice, .and on the other fides ftu- 
 pendous works. From hence is a moft lovely 
 profpea over the Vale, to Mahem-hiUs, Shrop-Malrern- 
 fhire, Worcefterfliire, Herefordlliire,andMon-hil!s. 
 mouthfhire. Beyond which, lierh 
 once the manfion of the Abbot of Glocefter, a 
 pleafant feat on the fide of a hill : now 
 the inheritance of the Bridgmans, delcended 
 from Sir John Bridgman, Chief Juftice of Ciie- 
 fter. 
 
 South of the river Stroud, and not far from 
 Minchin-hampton ( a neat Market-town, onceMinchin-i 
 belonging to the Nuns of Sion,) is fVood-cheJlerf^oyyton. 
 famous for it’s tejferakk work of painted 
 and flowers, which appears in the Church-'^ 
 yard, two or three foot deep, in making the 
 graves. If we may believe tradition, Earl God- 
 win’s wife (to make reftitution for her hus- 
 band s fraud at Barkley) built a Religious-houfe 
 here, with thofe pretty Ornaments that are 
 yettobefeen. Here, anciently ftood a Cha-Atk. p. 474- 
 pel dedicated to St. Blaife ; and in digging-up 
 the Foundations of it, there were found ma- 
 ny modern Coins, as alfo ancient Roman Coins, 
 and other Roman Antiquities. In a Vault al- 
 fo, many liuman Bodies were difeover’d, w’hofe 
 skulls and teeth were entire, white, and 
 firm.! 
 
 But now, to return to the river Se%iern. Ha- 
 ying left G/o£:ey?er, and united its dividedftreams, 
 it waxes broader and deeper by the tide, and this 
 m.akes it rage and foam like the Sea ; towards 
 which it runs with frequent turnings and 
 w indings. But in its courfe, it toucheth upon 
 nothing memorable Tafter Lanthony aJreadymen- 
 
 tion’d,! except Cambridge, a finall Country-ham- Cambridge- 
 
 ■ let fof five or fix houfes! (where Cam a little 
 river runs into it,) at which bridge, as uEthel- 
 t ' werd 
 
277 
 
 glocestershire. 
 
 27B 
 
 ■werd writeth, the DaneSi laden ivith rich 
 Spoils, pajfed over, by filing offi the IVeft-Saxons 
 and Mercians recerod them with a bloody encounter 
 in IVoodnesfield : in which HeJilfdeu, Cinuil and 
 *Reguli. Inguar, three of their * Princes, were /lain’, fwhich 
 Shrop-yet is faid by others, to have been at ] Bridge- 
 jhire. nortbl\ 
 
 On the fame fide of the river, not much 
 Berkley, lower, ftandeth Berkley, in the Saxon tongue 
 Beopkenlau fthe largeft Parifh in the County, 
 which alfo gives name to the largeft Divifion.1 
 It is eminent for a ftrong Caftle, and Mayor 
 (the chief Magiftrate, Ttho^ now only titular,)] 
 as alfo for the Lords thereof the Barons of 
 Barkley, of an ancient and noble family ; of 
 which w'as William Baron of Barkley, who in 
 the reign of Henry the feventh was made Vif- 
 count and Marquefs Barkley, Earl of Notting- 
 ham, and Marfhal of England but he dying 
 without illue, thofe titles dy’d with him. fit 
 is now honoured, by giving title to the Earls 
 of Barkley, who have a fair Caftle here ; though 
 not fo large as formerly : Of whom, James the 
 prefent Earl, in confideration of his early Va- 
 lour and fignal Services at Sea, was fummoned 
 to Parliament in the life-time of his Father.1 
 Earl God' If you would know by what ftratagem Godwyn 
 wyn’s de- Earl of Kent (a man exceeding fit for the cx- 
 ceit. ecution of any wicked defign,) got poll'effion 
 of this place ; take this fhort account from 
 * 400, C. Walter Mopes who lived * five hundred years 
 fince, for it is not unworthy the Reader’s 
 perufal. Berkley is a Village near Severne, of the 
 yearly value of five hundred pounds, in which was a 
 Nunnery govern d by an Abbefs, that was both noble 
 and beautiful. Earl Godwyn a notable fubtle man, 
 not defiring her but her s, as he pafs’d by, left his 
 Nephew, a young proper handfome Spark (under pre- 
 tence of being fciz.ed with ficknefs,) till he fijould re- 
 turn back thither, and infiruSled him to counterfeit 
 an Indifpofition, till he had got all who came to vi- 
 fit him, both Lady Abbefs, and as many of the Nuns 
 as he could, with child. And to carry on the in- 
 triegue more plaufibly, and more efieSiually to obtain 
 the favour of their vifits, the Earl fumi/h d him 
 with rings and girdles, that by thoje prefents he might 
 the more eafily corrupt and gain their inclinations, 
 'there needed no great intreaty to perfwade this young 
 Gallant, to undertake an employment fo amorous and 
 pleafing. *The way to deflruBion is eafie, and quick- 
 ly learnt i he feernd wonderful cunning, to himfelf 
 but all his cunning was but jolly. In him were 
 concentred all thofe accompU/hments that might capti- 
 vate fooU/h and unthinking Virgins ’, beauty, wit: 
 riches, and obliging mein : and he was mighty folici- 
 tons to have a private apartment to himjelf. 'the 
 Devil therfore expelled Pallas and brought in V e- 
 nus j and converted the Church of our Saviour and 
 his Saints into an accurfed Pantheon, the 'temple in- 
 to a Stew, and the Lambs into Wolves. When many 
 cf them proved with child, and the youth began to 
 langui/h, being overcome with the excefs and variety 
 tj pleafure, he hafiend home with the reports oj his 
 conquefis (worthy to have the reward of iniquity/) to 
 his expeSUng Lord, 'the Earl immediately addrejfes 
 the King, and acquaints him, 'that the Abbefs and 
 the Nuns were gotten with child, and had render d 
 themfelves profiitutes to aU comers ; all which upon 
 inquifition wets found true. Upon the expulfion of 
 the Nuns, he begs Berkley, and had it granted him 
 by the King, and fettled it upon his wife Gueda ; 
 Domefday. (^s Domefday-book hath it) fhe refufed to 
 ° • eat any thing that came out of this Manour, be- 
 caufe of the deflruBion of the Abbey : And there- 
 fore he bought Udecefter for her maintenance, 
 whilfi fhe lived at Berkley : Thus, a confeien-. 
 tious mind can never relifh ill-gotten poflefli- 
 ons. 
 
 ftiould be informed from 
 Hiitorians than from me, how King Edward 
 the fecond, being deprived of his Kingdom by 
 the artifice of his wife, was afterwards mur- 
 der d in this Caftle, by the damnable fubtilty 
 ot Adam hiBiop of Hereford, who fent thefeTheflynefsoF 
 enigmatical words to his keepers, without any^BUhop. 
 points : 
 
 Edvardum occidere nolite timere bonum 
 efl. 
 
 To feck to filed King Edward’s blood 
 
 Refufe to fear I think it good. 
 
 fo as, by the double fence and conftruftion Murder of 
 of the w’ords, they might be encouraged to E<lward 2. 
 commit the murther, and he plaufibly vindi- 
 cate himfelf from giving any direftions in it. 
 r The little room, where this unhappy Prince 
 was murther’d, is ftill to be fecn. The Ma- 
 nour of Kings-M^eflon, though at twelve miles Kings. Wc- 
 diftance from Barkley, is yet in the fame Hun-^°"- 
 dred ; and was (as appears by Domefday) at 
 and before the Conqueft, parcel of the manour 
 of Barkley. In the year idyS it was purchas’d 
 by Sir Robert SoiitlyweU, being a pleafant Seat, 
 between the Avon and the Severn. It hath a 
 profpecl into feveral Counties, and the Ships in 
 Kings-road are at an eafie diilance. Tlie Soutlrwells 
 were formerly confiderable in Nottingham- 
 fiiire, at the town of the fame name, from 
 whence they removed into Norfolk In King 
 James the ift’s time, the eldeft branch went 
 into Ireland, where the faid Sir iJo^^jtdid enjoy 
 a fair eftate on the oppofite fhore to King- 
 wefton, at King-fale, and thereabouts ; which 
 at preient is enjoy’d by his fon and heir.1 Be- 
 low Barkley, the little river Avon runs into the 
 fea ; at the Iiead of which, fcarce eigiit miles 
 from the ftiore, on the hills near Alderley a fmall Alderley. 
 town, are ftones refembling Cockles and Oy-Stones like 
 ftersj which, whether they were living ani-Cockles. 
 mals, or the ludicrous fancies of nature, let the 
 natural Philolophers enquire. Bur Fracaftorius, 
 the Prince of Philofophers * in our age, makes a So faid 
 no queftion but that they were animals engeii-ann. 1607, 
 dred in tlie lea, and carried by the waters to 
 the tops of mountains : for he affirms Hills to 
 have been caft-up by the fea, and that they 
 were at firft only heaps of fand tumbled toge- 
 ther 3 alfo, that the fea overflow’d, where Iiigh 
 hills now are : upon the return of which into 
 its wonted courfe, Illands and Hills did firft 
 appear. But thefe things are belide my pur- 
 pofe. r Alderley is of late famous for being the 
 birth-place of Sir Matthew Hale Lord Chief 
 Juftice of England ; who, dying in the year 
 i6-j6, lyeth buried in this Church-yard under 
 a tomb of black marble.l 
 
 The TrajeBm which Anminm mentions toTrajeftus. 
 be oppofite to Abone, where they ufed to pafs 
 the Severn, was, as I imagine by the name, at 
 Oldbury, L e. an ancient Burrough (as now we Oldbury, 
 ferry over at Au/i a village foinewhat lower ; ) Autt-Village. 
 fwhich, as in both parts of the name it carries 
 fomctliing of Antiquity ; fo has it that title 
 confirm’d to it by a large Campm major of the 
 Roman Fortifications: and, where the Church 
 now ftands, was the Campus ?ninor : there are 
 in this County feveral more of the fame 
 kind.1 Auft aforefaid was formerly call’d Auft-Clive. 
 Clive, for it is fituate upon a \'cry higii craggy 
 cliff. What the aforementioned Mapes has told 
 us as done in this place, is wortJi your know- 
 ledge. Edward the elder, faith he, lying at Auft 
 Clive, and Leolin Prince oj Wales at Bethelley, 
 when the latter would neither come down to a Con- 
 
 jerence 
 
279 
 
 D 0 B U N i. 
 
 28c 
 
 Pride con- 
 quer’d by 
 buniilitY. 
 
 fercw, mr crofs the Severn, Eiheari faffed mier 
 to Leolin ; eato feeag the King, and knowing who 
 he voai, threw his royal Rohes upon the ground {which 
 he had prepared to fit in judgment with) and leaped 
 into the water breafl high, and emhradng the boaU 
 (aid, Moft wife King, your humility has conquer d 
 my pride, and your wijdom triumphed ower my jolly 
 mount upon that neck which I have joolijhly exalted 
 againft you, fo fball you enter into that Country winch 
 your gcodnejs hath this day made your own. ^ And 
 jo, taking him upon his Jhoulders, he mcide him fit 
 * Hcmimum.upon his Robes, and joyning hands did * homage to 
 
 ' rNot far from Auft, is Aheflon, in which 
 Atk 'p ™7 Parifli is a large round Camp, on the edge of 
 an hill, from v^■hcnce is a pleafant profpea ol 
 the Severn ; and near the Camp, is a large Bar- 
 row, in which were found, upon digging, the 
 Bones of divers men laid in diftina Tombs of 
 Stone (Another Camp alfo, which is an ob- 
 long fquare, with a Angle ditch, is to be fen 
 not far from hence, at a place call d Caplle- 
 
 in length, and forty one in breadth, with a 
 large Pool of water at the bottom of it. 
 
 On the top of St. Vincent’s Rocks near Bri-s, 
 ftol, * is a roundifll fortification or Camp ; the Rocks, 
 rsmm're nnd (rrafte thereof not great ; for by*Aabt.MS. 
 
 hiU.)'\ 
 
 Tliornbury. 
 
 Puckle- 
 
 Churcht 
 
 On the fame fhore, Wes^Tlrnnhury f(a titular 
 * Mayor-town)'! where are to be feen the foun- 
 dations of a magnificent Caftle, w'hich Edward 
 ■f The laft i Duke of Buckingham defigned to ered hi the 
 Duke, C. year i5H> the infeription teitihes, iViz. 
 
 ‘this Gate was begun 1 5 1 1. z Hen. 8. by me Ed- 
 ward Duke of Buckingham, Earl oj Hereford, Staj- 
 ford, and Northampton. He was beheaded be- 
 fore he perfefted his defign ; for he had intend- 
 ed to make the Church at thornbury. Collegiate; 
 with Dean and Prebendaries. They have here 
 four fmall Alms-houfes, a Free-fehool, and 
 weekly market. The moft confiderable Gen- 
 try, heretofore, paid an annual attendance at 
 *JI)Ornbury-Qoxtxt, where the Abbot of tewkef- 
 buryvfAS oblig’d perfonally to fay Mafs.1 Se- 
 ven miles from hence, the river Avon running 
 into Severn, divides GloceRer(hire and Somerfet- 
 (hire : and not far from the fide of the river, 
 IS Puckle-Church, anciently a royal Vill call’d 
 Puckle-kerks, where Edmund King of England 
 was kill’d with a dagger, as he interpofed be- 
 tw'eeii his Sewer, and one Leof a profligate Fel- 
 low, who were quarrelling. fNow, it is only 
 a fmall Village, the feat of Sir Alexander Co- 
 ming, by marriage with one of the Coheirs of 
 the Denniss, w'hofe Family have been eighteen 
 times High-Sherifts of this County. Beyond 
 this, near Briflol, lietli Kingfwood-forejl, former- 
 ly ot a much larger extent, but now draw^n 
 within the bounds of five thoufand acres. It 
 confifls chiefly of Coal-mines ; feveral Gentry 
 being pofl'efl'ors of it by Patent from the Crow'ii. 
 It is a controverted point, whether it be a Fo- 
 rejl or Chafe ; for it is faid to have been de- 
 pendant upon Micklewood, that is now deftroy’d. 
 R -C urt Within it, are two fine feats, Barrs-Coun in 
 arrs- 0 . belonging to the Newtons Baronets^ 
 
 Sifton-houfe. and Siflon-houfe, to the trotmans. 
 
 ■Not far from Briftol lieth IVeflbury, upon 
 trin ; which river is now dwindled into a lit- 
 tle brook. Here w'.as a famous College, en- 
 compafs’d with a ftrong wall, built by John Car- 
 penter Bifhopof Worcefter abouttheyear 1443: 
 who defign’d to have been ftil’d Bijbop of IVor- 
 cefier and IVeftbury. This, with the adjacent 
 Parilhes in Glocefterfhire that lie round Bri- 
 flol, arc under the Jurifdidion of the Bifhop of 
 Briftol. 
 
 About three miles from Briftol, and three 
 from Severn, is Pen-parkrkole, the paflage into 
 wh.ich is dow'n a r.agged and rocky Tunnel for 
 thirty nine yards i after w'hich, the hole fpreads 
 "into an irregular oblong figure feventy five yards 
 
 rampire and grafte thereof not great : for by 
 realon of the nearnefs of the rock, which is 
 as hard as marble, the ground is not eafily 
 dug. Whether rhofe rocks towards the top, 
 confift moftly of petrify ’d pieces of wood (as 
 feme are inclin’d to think) let the Naturalifts 
 examine. The precipice of the Rock over the 
 river Avon, has made all Works on the weft- 
 flde needlefs. In the fame Parilh, is tl^e Fitf Atk. p. 360; 
 PHed, famous for curing feveral Diftempers, andHot Well, 
 efpecially the Diabetes', and a very cold ftream Diabetes, 
 at Jacob’s Well, w'hich js mucli efteem’d forJ^ob’s Well 
 it’s wholfom Waters. About two miles from 
 St. Vincent’s Rocks, is Hmhury, f where is aHenbury, 
 Camp with three rampires and trenches \ fromt Aubr. MS. 
 which w'e may conclude it to have been the 
 W'ork, rather of the Britains, than of any other 
 People. But now to return.! 
 
 Near Puckle-Church, lieth Winterbourne, of WinterboarnJ 
 which the Bradfiones W'ere Lords fCfo named fromBtadliones. 
 Bradflone in the Parifh of Berkley, where they 
 erefted a Chantry )1 from w'hom the Vil- 
 counts Montacute Barons of Wentworth, &c. are 
 defeended ; as alfo ABon, which gave name toAftonIrston, 
 a Knightly family, whofe heirefs being marri- 
 ed to Sir Nicholo 6 Pointz. in the time of EdwardMnn. 
 the fecond, left it to her Pofterity ; Derbam, aoerham. 
 fmall Village, in Saxon DeO,nbam, where Marianas.' 
 lin the Saxon in a bloody engagement flew three 
 of the Britiih Princes, Commeail, Condidan, Fa- 
 riemeiol, with divers others, and fo difpoflefled 
 the Britains of that part of their Country, for 
 There are yet to be feen in the place. 
 
 huge Rampires and Trenches ( the Fortificati- 
 ons of their Camps) and other evident figns of 
 that memorable Battle. fThefe are (I fuppofe) 
 the fame with thofe which f Mr, Aubrey takes-j-Mon. Brit; 
 notice of, upon Henton-hiU in that parifh. It is MS. 
 call’d Burrilh is iingle-trench’d, and feems ‘ 
 
 have been ruin’d before fully finifli’d. With- 
 in the bank it contains twenty acres of arable 
 land but on the w'eft and fouth fides there is 
 no bank nor trench i which probably was qc- 
 cafion’d by the fteep Meres that would not give 
 leave to draw them-1 This was the Barony of 
 James de nwo Msrcatii, who having |i |[ Three, 
 
 Weftbury. 
 
 daughters, [Hawys Si.n^ Ifabelf^ married one, fifftJ^^°^“^J^ 
 Botereaux, and then to Nicholae 
 
 Rujfel ; whofe 
 
 Pen-park- 
 hole. 
 Philofoph. 
 Tranftift, N. •, 
 143 * 
 
 to John 
 
 Moils j and the other to Ralph 
 Pofterity, being enrich’d by marriage with an 
 heir of the honourable Family of the Gorges, 
 aflumed that name. fFrom Ralph Rujfel it 
 defeended to Sir Gilbert Dennys, who marry, d 
 the heirefs of that family ; thence to the Win- 
 ters, whofe heirefs w'as marry’d to William 
 Blatlmayt, who built here a ftately fabrick, in 
 the room of the old one. Nor far from hence 
 lieth Great Badminton, a feat belonging to thecreat Bail* 
 Dukes of Beaufort j w'hich having been madeojinwn. 
 their Country-refidence fince the demolifhment 
 of Rayland-CaUle, is fo adorn’d with ftately ad- 
 ditions to the houfe, large parks,, neat ana fpa- 
 cious gardens, variety of fbuatains, walks, ave- 
 nues, Paddocks, and other contrivances for re- 
 creation and pleafurc •, as to make it juftly 
 efteem’d one of the moft compleat feats in the ^ ^ 
 kingdom. Here, w'e muft not omit Ghippingr^^'^^^ 
 Sodbury, a market-tow'ii below the hills, whicji So ^ 
 hath a Free-fehool, and w'as govern’d by a Bai- 
 liff : but about i<58i it was made a Corpora- 
 tion, with a Maj^or, Aldermen, and Burgefles ; 
 which was fupprefs’d by the Proclamation of 
 King James the fecond, in the year i<?88. Next 
 
G LOC ESt ERS HI RE. 
 
 Durellej'. 
 
 Xinf^rnood- 
 
 Ab'ue^* . 
 
 2 81 
 
 '^on-uti- is W«mn-mder~edge,{&moMS for Cloathing; where 
 ier-edgc. is a noble Free-fchool erected by Catbarim, relift 
 of 'Thomas Lord Berkley, in the year 1385; and 
 an Abns-boufe by Hugh Perry Alderman of Lon- 
 don, in i< 532, which coftone thoufand Pounds j 
 and the like fum was given by Sir Jonathan 
 Davss, Shcriflf of London, for the relief of the 
 Q poor. Near in the Parifh of ColdA- 
 
 Jion, was difcover’d in Plowing, a Hole like the 
 Tun of a Chimney ; through which feveral 
 Perlons were let down, and found a Cavity, 
 wherein one might walk about half a mile one 
 way, and it is not known how far the other j 
 and, in walking, they obferv’d feveral fuch. 
 Tunnels afcending towards the Surface of the 
 Earth. Alfo, at Tormarton, not tar from Der~ 
 to the north, are found in the Fields, 
 Stones about the bignefs of Bullets, wliich be- 
 ing broken, look rulfy like Iron-Ore. There 
 are alfo many Cockle-lhells incorporated into 
 large Stones j and a Spring, which has the pe- 
 triiying quality of t.urning wood into ftone. 1 
 More northward is Durefiey, the ancient pof-, 
 felTion of the Berkleys, hence call’d Berkleys of 
 Hurejiey (Founders of the adjacent Abbey of 
 Kingjvsood of the Ciftcrcian order.) fit is a 
 market-town, famous for Cloathing j and as to 
 A'/Kj/wooii-Abbey, it is by all writers plac’d in 
 Glocefietjhtre ; W'hereas the whole Parifh is really 
 in tne County of Wilts, under the power of 
 their Sheriffs and Juflices, but within the Dio- 
 cl1.‘ ot Glocefier. It was founded ^ William 
 Berkley 1 1 3 pj thence remov’d to Tethury, and 
 at l.ft hx’a here, till the Diflblution. From 
 this Diirfley, the Earl of Berkley, at the fame 
 time that he w'as advanced to that Honour, was 
 created alfo Vifeount Durjley^ Not far eafl- 
 BererfionCa-''''^i'‘^3 w‘e behold 5 ea/er/?owe-cafUe, formerly be- 
 file. longing to the Gournys and Ab-Adams, who 
 
 Ab. Adams, flourilh’d under Edward the ift; and afterwards, 
 to the Knightly family of x\\& Berkleys : fbut is 
 now in the poliellion of the Hicks’s Baronets, Be- 
 Tetbury. yond which lieth Tetbury, w'here is a great mar- 
 ket for Yarn ; and a Free-fchool and Alms- 
 houfe, both owing to the bounty of Sir WiUiam 
 Romney a native of the place. It belong’d to 
 the Berkleys, but they fold their right to the 
 Inhabitants, who now enjoy the tolls and pro- 
 fits of the Markets and Fairs; In this neigh- 
 Kinefcot. bourhood, at Kin^cot, Roman Coins have been 
 AubrrMon.frequently found in the Helds, after fhowers of 
 Brit. MS. Rain, w'hich they call Chejle-money, perhaps for 
 CheQe-Mo. Chef^er-Taonej : and alfo in the year 
 
 1691, was found a Roman Fibula, of the fame 
 fhape and Hgure with that which is reprefented 
 in the Table annex’d to the defeription of 
 , Wales j and not far from hetice, is a largi 
 call’d 
 
 Hitherto I have made curfory remarks upon 
 the places in this County which are fituate be- 
 yond or upon the Severn ; now I will pafs to 
 the eafterly parts, which I obferv’d to be hilly ; 
 
 Cotfwold. '■o Cotjwold, which takes it’s name from 
 the hills and fheep-cotes, (for, mountains and 
 Would, what Hills, the Englifli formerly called Wculds ; on 
 in Erglifli. w hich account an ancient GloCfary interprets the 
 Alps of Italy, the Woulds of Italy.) Uponthefe 
 hills, are fed large flocks of Sheep, with the whi- 
 teft Woolj having long necks and fquare bodies, by 
 reafon, as is fuppofed, of their hilly and fhort pa- 
 fture 3 whofe fine Wool is much valued in foreign 
 Parts. Under the fide of thefe hills, as it were 
 in a neighbourhood, together, lie the following 
 places, remarkable for their Antiquity. 
 
 Cmpden. Qampden, commonly call’d Camden, a noted 
 market-town, where (as John Caftor avers) all 
 the Kings of the Saxon Race had a Congrefs in 
 the year 689, to confult how to carry on the 
 
 282 
 
 War jointly againft the Britains : which town, 
 in Williani the Conqueror’s time, w^as in theinq. 2 Ed. 2^ 
 pofleffion of Hugh Earl of Chefter, and from 
 his pofterity defeended by Nkholoi de Albeniaco, 
 t6 Roger de Somery. fit is a market-town^ 
 famous for Stockings. It gave the title of Vif- 
 eount to Sir Baptifl Hicks, 4 Car. i. who was 
 a great Beiiefaftor to this place, by erecting an 
 Alms-houfe, rebuilding tlie market-place, and 
 annexing the Impropriation of Winfrytb in Dor- 
 fetfhire, for the augmentation of the Viairidge. 
 
 He built here a curious Houfe near the Ciiurch 
 (which was burnt in the late Civil Wars, left it 
 fliould be a garrifon for the Parliament 3 ) and 
 liesbury’din thefouth lie of the Church, which 
 is adorn’d with fuch noble monuments of mar- 
 ble, as equal, if nor exceed, moft in England. 
 
 He gave in his life-time ten thoufand Pounds 
 to charitable ufes, as his Epitaph mentions 3 
 and leaving only two daughters, the honour 
 defeended to the Lord Noel, by marrying ilie 
 eldeft of them t whofe pofterity were after- 
 wards created Earls of Gainsborough. Beyond 
 Camden, on a riling ground, is Ebburton, whereEbburton. 
 the Lord Chancellour Fortefeue lies buried 3 but 
 his Monument was not erected till the year 
 1577.1 Adjoyning to Camden, is Wefion, of no 
 great Antiquity. f heretofore a moft flou-* Mr. Cam- 
 
 rifhing Abbey, built by Richard Earl of Corn-^®" places 
 wal and King ot the Romans, and famous 
 its fcholar Alexander de Hales, a great matter Sheldon, by 
 of the knotty and more fubtile fort of School- iniftake’ for 
 divinity 5 funlefsitbe true, what we find in in 
 his Epitaph, in the Cordeliers Chmxh in 
 ris, that he dy’d 1245, a year before this Abbey ’ 
 was begun. For the foundation was laid in the year + Not long 
 1245 3 and when it was dedicated, the King, fince, c. 
 Queen, and Court, were all prefent at the So- 
 lemnity. There are now but fmall remains 
 of it, only a neat cloyfter; the reft being turn’d 
 into a fair houfe, now in the polfeflion of Wil- 
 liam Lord Tracy of |1 Toddington tw'o mileSjj telow. 
 off, where alfo he has a ftately houfe, the feat 
 of his Anceftors .1 
 
 Sudley, formerly Sudleagh, a beautiful caftle, Sudicy. 
 
 * heretofore the feat of Giles Bruges Baron of* Lately, c, 
 Chandos, whofe grandfather John was honour’d Barons of 
 by Queen Mary with that title, fand whofe 
 noble and generous Defcendant, James Brid- 
 ges, hath been lately advanced to the ho- 
 nour of Duke ofChandois 3I becaufe f they de-^^g 
 rive their pedigree from the ancient family of his, C. 
 Chandos : Of which, there flourifh’d, in the 
 reign of King Edward the third, John Chandos, 
 
 Vilcount St. Saviours in France, eminent for 
 his fervices, and great fuccefs, in war. The 
 former Lords and Inhabitants, hence called Ba- 
 rons of were of an ancient Englifh Race, Barons of 
 deducing their original from Goda the daughter Sudley. 
 of King jEthelred, whofe fon Ralph Medantirms 
 Earl of Hereford, was the father of Harold 
 Lord of Sudley. His Pofterity continued here 
 a long time, till, the ifl'ue-male being extinft, 
 the heirefs married William Butler of the fa- 
 mily of Went, and brought him a fon named 
 Thomas. He was father of Ralph, Lord High 
 Treafurer of England, whom Henry the fixth 
 created Baron of Sudley, and who new-built 
 this caftle 3 fthe beft part of which is now 
 pulled down 3 as the neat Church here was rui- 
 ned in the Civil Wars .1 His fifters were mar- 
 ried into the families of Northbury Belknape i 
 by which the Eftate was in a little time divi- 
 ded into feveral Families. 
 
 Hard by this, is Toddington, where the Tracies, Toddington, 
 of a worlhipful and ancient family, have long 
 flourifhed, and formerly received many favours 
 from the Barons of Sudley. But how, in the 
 N n ftrft; 
 
283 
 
 DOBU NL 
 
 284. 
 
 ■Wirclict 
 00 mb. 
 
 Ivy-Caflle. 
 
 firft Reformation of Religion, William 'Tracy 
 Lord of this place, was cenfured after his 
 death, his body being dug-up and buni’d 
 publickly, for fome flight words in his laft 
 Wjill, which thofe times call’d heretical; or 
 how, in preceding times, another William Tra- 
 cy imbrued his hands in the blood of Thomas 
 Archbifliop of Canterbury ; Ecclefiaftical Wri- 
 ters have cold us at large, and it is no part of 
 my buflnefs to relate. IVinchelcombis oX^o^esX-- 
 ed here, a populous town, where Kenulph the 
 Mercian King erected a Monaftery, and, on 
 the day of it’s confecration, freely fet at liberty 
 Edbridth King of Kent, then his prifoner, with- 
 out ranfom. 
 
 It is fcarce credible, in what great repute 
 this Monaftery was, for the fake of the reliques 
 of Ring Kcnelm, a child of feven years old, 
 whom his lifter pri^'ately murder’d to gain the 
 inheritance ; and who by that Age vvas put into 
 the Catalogue of Martyrs. T There are fcarce any 
 ruins vifible, either of the or of that which 
 
 was call’d Ivy-Caflki or of St. Nicholas Church 
 that flood in the eaft part of the town. The 
 Inhabitants made planting of Tobacco their chief 
 bufinefs, whicli turn’d to good account ; till, 
 reftrain’d by the 1 2 Car. 2, they decay’d by 
 little and little, and are now generally poor.l 
 The neighbourhood of this place was formerly 
 reckon’d as a County or Sheriffdom by it felf ; 
 for we find in an ancient manufeript belonging 
 to the Church of Worcefter, thefe words, Ed- 
 ^ Adquifitor. vie firnamed Streona^ that fr, the * Acquirer, viho 
 under Ethelredy and for fome time after under Cmte' 
 or Canute, frejtded and reigned as Viceroy over all 
 England, joyned the Sherijfdom of Winchelcombe, 
 vchicb was then entire within it felf, to the County 
 oj Glocefier. 
 
 Brimesficld. Lower in the County lieth Brimesfield, where 
 affords Ba«the Giffords were formerly Lords ; f(of which 
 reos. Family, fobn Gifford Lord of this place, founded 
 GloceJler~hall in Oxford, for the Monks of Glo- 
 cefter.)! To them, by marriage with the Clif- 
 fords, came a plentiful Eftate ; but foon after, 
 it w as carry’d by daughters to the Lords Le 
 Strange of Blackmer, the Audleys, and others. 
 TThis w'as formerly a place of fome repute ; 
 for w e find, that Lionel Duke of Clarence had 
 a Charter for a w eekly Market here on Tuef- 
 days, and a Fair on the Eve of Corpus Chrifh : 
 here was alfo a Priory and a Caftle ; but both 
 are vanifli’d.1 
 
 Thefe places are fituate among the hills : but 
 under the hills, upon the Eaft-confines of the 
 County, I faw that famous Roman High-way call- 
 FofTe-way. edthe Foffe. Out of Warwickfliireitcomes dow'ii 
 Lemington. by Lemington, where there feems to have been a 
 Station of the Romans, from the coins which 
 are often plow’d up there ; fome of which, Ed- 
 ward Palmer^ an induftrious Antiquary, whofe 
 Anceftors lived long here, very courteoufly be- 
 ftow’d upon me. fThe place belongeth now 
 to the Family of fuxon ; the fame with that 
 of Dr. WiUiam Juxon, Archbifliop of Canter- 
 Stovr on the bury. I Thence it goes by Stow on the Would, 
 Would. w hich, by it’s high fituation, is too much expo- 
 fed to the winds, fit is now a great Market ; 
 where (as the common Obfervation goes) they 
 have but one element, viz. Air ; there being 
 neither wood, common field, nor water, be- 
 longing to the town. It hath an Alms-houfe,' 
 a Free-fehool, and a multitude of poor. Here, 
 in the year 1^45, March 21, the forces ofKing 
 Charles the firft, being over-power ’d, were rou- 
 ted by the Parliament-Army. Next, the Fofle 
 Burton, goes by Burton, in ancient Grants Burgtone ; which 
 feems to have been a place of fome note, as well 
 by the name, as by the tracks of Houfes which 
 
 are difeover’d here, after great Rains. Here 
 alfo, the marks of a Camp of large Extent, are 
 ftill to be feen.l Then, hy North-leach, fo call’d 
 from the rivulet running by it, fa market-town, 
 with a neat Church. Here is alfo a good Gram- 
 mar-fchool founded by Hugh fVefiwood, Efq; 
 who (as it is commonly reported) came after- 
 wards to be low in tlie world, and defiriiig to 
 be Mafter of his owm fchool, was deny’d that 
 favour by the Truftces. By a Statute made in 
 the* fourth year of King James the firft, it* Cap. 7' 
 was fettled upon Queen’s College in Oxford. ' 
 Near wftich, at Farmington, is an exceeding Farm, -nirt™,- 
 large Roman Camp, called Norbury, eight ^ 
 hundred and fifty paces long, and four hundred 
 feventy three broad ; The works are fingle, 
 and not very high : it is now a Corn-field ; and 
 not far from it, weftward, there is a Barrow.1 
 From North-leach, the Foll'e-way goes to OVeK- Cirentefier; 
 cefler, to which town the river Churn, running 
 fouthward among the hills, and very commodious 
 for mills, gave that name. This was a famous 
 City, of great Antiquity, call’d by Ptolemy Co-Cojjjjium 
 rinium, and by Antoninus Durocomeviur,:, 
 the water Cornovium ; juft fifteen miles (as lie 
 alfo obferves it to be) from Glevum, or Glo- 
 cefter. The Britains call’d it Caer-cori and Cuer- 
 ceri, the Saxons Cyjien-ceaj-ceji, and at this 
 day it is call’d Circe&er and Circiter. The rui- , 
 nated walls plainly fliew that it hath been very 
 large, for they are faid to have been two miles 
 about. That this was a confiderable place, is 
 evident from the Roman coins, chequer’d pave- 
 ments, and inferiptions in marble, dug-up here ; 
 
 ( which coming into the hands of ignorant 
 and illiterate perfons, have been flighted and 
 loft, to the great prejudice of Antiquities ; ) 
 ralfofrom the large Vaults of Brick, more late- Atk,p. 3^0.’ 
 ly dug-up, fuch as were in ancient times made 
 by the Romans for Baths ;1 and from thofe Con- „„ 
 
 fular ways of the fame People, which here of tlie Ro- 
 crofs’d each other : Efpecially, that which mans, 
 leadeth to Glevum or G/oceBer, is ftill vifible 
 with a high ridge, as _ far as Bird-lip-hiU ; and Bird-lip-hiH, 
 to a curious obferver, it feems to have been pa- 
 ved with ftone. [From this place alfo a Ro- 
 man High-way runs to Cricklade, Strattoii-Sr. 
 Margaret, and fo to Badon and New'bury.l 
 The Britifli Annals tell us, that this City was 
 fet on fire by one Gurmundus, J know not 
 W'hat African tyrant ; and that he made ufc of 
 fparrow'S to efFeift it : whence Giraldus calls it 
 the City of Sparrows : And from thefe Memoirs, 
 
 Necham writes thus ; 
 
 Urbs vires experta tuas, Gurmunde, per annos 
 Septem. 
 
 A City that defy’d proud Gurmund’s 
 ftrength 
 
 For feven long years. ■ .. 
 
 Who this Gurmund was, I confefs I am ig- 
 norant : [(the Author of the Welih Hiftory 
 makes mention of one Gurmundus an Arch- 
 pirate, Captain of the Norwegians, w'ho afllftcd 
 the Saxons ; )1 The Lihabitaiits Ihew a mount 
 of earth near the town which they fay Gur- 
 mund caft-up ; but they call it Grifmundls 
 Tower ; [which is to be feen on the weft-fide, 
 and is a ftcep round berry^ like a windmill-hill, 
 where Men’s bones of an uiutfualfize have been 
 found, with a round veflel of Lead, and Se- 
 pulchres, with Afhes and pieces of bones, 
 as Leland informs us.1 Mariaiius, an ancient 
 hiftorian of good credit, fays, that CeauUn 
 took this City from the Britains, after he had 
 yanquifli’d their forces at Deorhatn, and redu- 
 ced 
 
286 
 
 285 
 
 glocestershire. 
 
 ced Glocefter. For a long time after, it was 
 fubjeft to the Weft-Saxons : for wc read, how 
 penda the Mercian was defeated by Cineglife 
 K.ing of the Wefl-Saxons, when he laid fiege to , 
 it with a mighty army. But at laft it came, 
 with the whole County, under the power of 
 the Mercians, and fo continued till the EngUfh 
 Monarchy began; under which, it was grievoufly 
 harraflcd by the incurlions of the Danes, pofli- 
 bly by that Gurmn the Dane whom hiftorians 
 call Gutbnis and Gurmundm. Now, fcarce the 
 fourth part within the walls is inhabited ; the 
 Tcft being pafture-grounds, and the ruins of 
 an Abbey, nrft built by the Saxons as is re- 
 ported, and repair’d by Henry 2 j in which, as I 
 am informed, many of the family of the Barons 
 of St. Amand are interred. 
 
 The Caftle that ftood there, was razed by 
 command of Henry the third, in the firft year 
 of his reign. The chief trade of the inhabi- 
 tants is in the Woollen Manufa(fture j and they 
 talk much of the great bounty of Richard the 
 firft, who enriched the Abbey, and (as they 
 affirm) made them Lords of the feven adja- 
 cent Hundreds, to hold the fame in Fee-Farm^ 
 to have tryal of Caufes, and to have the * for- 
 *Mums. amercements, and other profits ari- 
 
 fing thence, to their own ufe. fWhich Hun- 
 dreds have been fince vefted in Sir Robert Atkyns 
 Knight of the Bath, Lord chief Baron of the 
 Exchequer, whofe Defeendants have a fair feat 
 and efiate ztSapperton near this place i and whofe 
 Sspperton. very eminent in the Law ; 
 
 the father, and two fons, having fat Judges in 
 Weftminfter-hall, fince the year 1660.I More- 
 over, fas to the Town,1 King Henry the 
 fourth granted them certain privileges, for their 
 good fervices againft Thomas Holland Earl of 
 Kent, John Holland Earl of Huntingdon, John 
 Montacute Earl of Salisbury, Thomas de Spen- 
 cer Earl of Glocefter, and others, who, being 
 deprived of their honours, confpired againft 
 him ; and being here fecured by the Townf- 
 men, fome of them were inftantly ftain, and 
 the reft beheaded. THere was a Church of Pre- 
 bendaries before the Conqueft ; but of W’hofe 
 f Itln. MS. foundation, is unknown. Rumbaldpn (as t Leland 
 affirms) Chancellour to Edward the Confeftor, 
 was Dean of this place, and bury’d here. They 
 have had three Parochial-Churches, St. Ceciliy 
 fl/s, St. Lawrence’ s, and St. yohn s ; which laft is 
 a very fair one, and the prefent Parifti-Church. 
 It /hath in it five Chapels ; that of St. Miry’s \\ a.s 
 ■ very confiderable ; and of the Perquifites of it, 
 there is a large account in the MSS. ot Sir 
 William Dugdale in Oxford. The body o^he 
 Church is new work, faid to be built by Tho- 
 mas Ruthall Bilhop of Durham, a native of 
 this place, whofe Arms impal’d with thofe of 
 the Biftioprick of Durham, are to be feen in 
 it. But notwithftanding that, he could not 
 be the Founder j for there is a Tomb for Sir 
 William Nottingham 1427 ; whereas the Bifhop 
 dy’d not till 1524, and the Regifter of St. Ma- 
 ry’s Chapel was made 1460. Leland indeed 
 has told us, that Avelingy the Biihop s Aunt, 
 gave one hundred Pounds to the building of the 
 foodly porch there ; and his other relations 
 contributed to the finifliing of it. In this town 
 are two fine Seats, the one belonging to Allen 
 Lord Bathmf, and the other (which was the 
 (ite of the Abbey) to I'homas MaBen Efq;. 
 falrford. Beyond Cirenceffer, lieth Fairford, where the 
 fine Church was built by jfo/jB "Tfime Eh^;. He 
 dy’d the 8'‘> of May ijoo, and lies bury’d here. 
 The Church is particularly remarkable, on ac- 
 ' P‘ ^33* .-ount of the painted Glafs, which the Founder 
 (a Merchant) took in a Prue-lhip bound for 
 
 t 
 
 Rome, and brought over into England. The 
 Windows are twenty eight in number, and the 
 Paintings (which were defign’d by Albert Du- 
 rely an eminent Italian Mafter) reprefent the 
 Hiftories of the Old and New Teftament i 
 together with the Fathers, Martyrs, and Per- 
 fecutors of the Church. (The lame perfon is 
 faid alfo to have built Rendcombe-Chunhy which Rendcombe- 
 place is now the habitation of Sir G«/e Church. 
 Baronet, where he hath made him a pleafant 
 feat.} The Barnes were poflefled of this place 
 by the Attainder of Nevil Earl of Warwick, 
 and here was a houfe on the north-fide of the 
 Church CK\i(i War, -wick-Court I but fince, there Warwick* 
 hath been built a neat houfe, more remote Court, 
 from^ the Church. Near which, is Lechladeyhedi\i<}.e. 
 turn’d by the Monkifh Writers into Latinladey 
 to fupport their forged notion of it’s being a 
 Latin Univerfity. Whereas, || if they had un-ysee Som» 
 derftood their own original language, they would ncr’s GloiT. 
 eafily have perceiv’d that the name implies no'ot^'= ^ 
 more than the River Lech’smladingit ftlf there, 
 into the Thames. To the Vicarage of this QregUdat 
 place, Lawrence Bathurjl Efqj the Impropria- 
 tor, gave the whole Rectory Impropriate, to the 
 value of wo hundred and forty Pounds per ann. 
 by Will bearing date September 16. 16705 
 the endy the fame may be refioredy and enjoyedy as / 
 conceive in right the fame ought to be, by the Vicarsy 
 RebdorSy or Incumbents, of the faid Church of Letch- 
 lade and their Succeffors for ever 5 as the words 
 of the Will are. Out of the faid Eftate of the 
 Bathurftsy there are alfo other Charities annu- 
 ally paid.l 
 
 The river Churne, having left Cyrencefter a- 
 bout fix miles, fand run by Lattony where, 
 bout the year 1670, was found, in a plough’d- 
 field, a Pavement of Chequer-work 5 1 joyns auW. Mon. 
 the IJis : for Ifis, commonly call’d Oufe (that MS. 
 it might be originally of Glocefterfhire) rifeth 
 near the fouth-border of this County, not far 
 from Torletony a fmall Village, hard by the fa- 
 mous Foffe-way. This is that Ifis which after- 
 wards joyning with Tame, * by adding the * Sec thia 
 names together is called idamijisy chief of the confuted in 
 Britiih rivers ; of which we may truly fay, as 
 the ancients did of Euphrates in the Eaft, 
 it both plants and waters Britain. The poeti- wards Tami- 
 cal defeription of it’s head or fountain, taken yjf. 
 out of the Marriage of T'ame and Ifsy I have here 
 added j which you may read or omit, as you 
 pleafe. 
 
 Lanigeros quit lata greges Cotfivaldia pafeity 
 Crefeit & in codes faciles, vifura DobunoSy 
 Hand procul d f Folia longo fpelunca recejfi .£ Fofle-way. 
 Cernitury abrupti furgente crepidine clivi : 
 
 Cujus inauratis refplendent limina tophisy 
 Atria tegit ebury tebiumque Gagate Bri- 
 tanno 
 
 Emicaty alterno folidantur pumice pofies. 
 
 Materiam fed vincit opm, ceduntque labori 
 Artifici tophniy pumex ebwy atque Gagates. 
 
 Pingitur hine vitrei moderatrix Cynthia 
 regni 
 
 Pajjlbm obliquis volventia fydera luflrans : 
 
 Oceano teUm conjunBa marita marito 
 mine calatury jraternaque flumina Ganges^y 
 Nilm, Amaz^oniiiiy traBufque binominis 
 lflri> 
 
 Vicini b" Rheniy fed & his intermkat aim ■ 
 
 Vellere Phryxcco dives, redimitaque fpkis 
 Clara triumphatis ereBa Britannia Gal- 
 lisy See. 
 
 Viidofo hie folio reftdet regnator aquarum 
 Ifis, fluminea qui majefiate verendm 
 Caruko gremio refupinat prodigus urnam, 
 
 Intonfos ci'ines ulvis dr arundine cinBm, 
 
 Cornua 
 
i 
 
 287 
 
 no MV N t. 
 
 Camua cam liqtient, fiuitantia lumim Ijm- 
 phis 
 
 Difpergunt lucenty propexa inpeBore harha 
 
 ‘Tota inadetj ' toto diflillant corpore : 
 
 Et falientis aqua prorumpmt undique vena. 
 
 Pifcieuli liquidis penetralibm undique lu- 
 
 dunty 
 
 Plurimm & cygnm niveis argentem alts- 
 
 PervoUtat oircunty &c. 
 
 Where Cotfwold’s hillocks fam’d, for weighty 
 Sheep, 
 
 Their eager courfe to the Dobunians keep 
 Kear the great Fojfcy a fpacious plain there 
 lies. 
 
 Where broken cliffs the fecret top difguife. 
 Huge free-ftones neatly carv’d adorn the 
 
 gate, I 
 
 The porch with ivory fhines, the roof \ 
 with jeat, ■ 
 
 And rows of pumice in the ports are 
 
 fet. , J 
 
 But nature yields to art : the workman’s 
 skill 
 
 Does free-rtone, ivory, pumice, jeat excell. 
 Here w'and’ring Cynthiay arbitrefs o’th’ 
 main. 
 
 Guides the dark ftars with her refulgent 
 train. 
 
 There Earth and Ocean their Embraces 
 joyn. 
 
 Here Gangesy Danube, Tloermadony and 
 Rhine, 
 
 And fruitful Nik in coftly fculpture 
 fhine. 
 
 Above the reft great Britain fits in 
 ftate 
 
 With golden fleeces cloath’d and crown’d 
 with w'heat. 
 
 And Gallick fpoils lie trampled at her 
 feet, ^c. 
 
 Here awful IJts fills his liquid throne ; 
 
 IJis whom Britifh ftreams their Monarch 
 own. 
 
 His never-wearied hands a fpacious urn 
 Down on his azure bofom gravely turn. 
 And fl.aggs and reeds his unpoll’d locks 
 adorn. 
 
 Each waving liorn the fubjeft ftream fup- 
 plies. 
 
 And grateful light darts from his fhining 
 Eyes. 
 
 His grizzly beard all wet hangs dropping 
 down. 
 
 And gufhing veins in wat’ry chanels run. 
 The little fifh in joyful numbers crowd, 
 
 And filver fwans fly o’er the cryftal flood. 
 And clap their fnowy wings, ^c. 
 
 Earls ofGlo- 
 ceAer. 
 
 ■f Dugd. Ba- 
 ron, p. I. 
 
 Hlfl. Monaft, 
 Tewkesbury, 
 
 Fitz-Hai- 
 
 mon> 
 
 As to the Earls of Glocefter j fome have ob- 
 truded upon us William Fitz.-Eujlace for the 
 firft Earl. Who he w^as, I have not yet found 
 in my reading ; and I believe there never was 
 fuch a man : but what I have obferv’d, I will 
 not conceal from the Reader. fEldol the Bri- 
 tain is f faid to have had the title of Earl of 
 Glocefter in the year I ; &nd Sivayne, eldeft 
 fon to Godwin Earl of Kent, to have had the 
 fame honour.l It is faid falfol that about the 
 Norman Invafion, one Bithrick a Saxon was Lord 
 of Glocefter, againft whom Maud the wife of 
 William the Norman w'as highly exafperated, 
 for his contempt of her beauty (for he had be- 
 fore refus’d to marry her,) and fo, malicioufly- 
 contrived his ruin 5 and when he was cart into 
 prifon, his eftate was granted by the Conque- 
 ror, to Robert the fbn of Huimon of Curboyle 
 in Normandy, commonly called Fitx.~Haimm 5 
 
 who receiving a blow on the head with a pole, h’WilGuU. Milm. 
 a great while difiroBed. His daughter Mabel 
 (by others called Sybil) was married to Robert 
 natural fon of King Henry the firft, who was 
 made firfl Earl of Glocefter, and by the com- 
 mon writers of that age is called Coriful of Gh-* 
 cefier, a perfon, above all others in thofe times, 
 of a great and undaunted fpirit, who was ne- 
 ver difmayed by misfortunes ; and who per- 
 formed many heroick and diificult Exploits, 
 with mighty honour, in the caufe of his Sifter 
 Maud againft Stephen the Ufurper of the 
 Crow'll of England. His fon William fiicceeded 
 in the honour, whofe three daughters convey’d 
 it to fo many families. The eldeft, Ifabella, 
 brought this title to John the fon of King Hen- 
 ry the fecond ; but when he had poflefs’d hiin- 
 ielf of the throne, he procured a divorce from 
 her, and fold her for twenty thoufand marks to 
 Gt'oftry de Mandeville fon of Geoft'ry, fon of pat. 15. 
 Peter Earl of EJfex, and created him Earl ofjoan. R.4. 
 Glocefter. He oeing dead without ifl'ue, Al- 
 mark * Ion to the Earl of Eureux had this ho- * EbrolcenGs, 
 nour conferred upon him, as being born of Ma- 
 bel the youngeft daughter of Earl William afore- 
 iaid. But Almark dying alfo without ifl'ue, the 
 honour came to Amicia the fecond daughter, 
 who being married to Richard de Clare Earl of 
 Hartford, was mother to Gilbert de Clare Earl Earls of GIo 
 [ of Glocefter \ whofe fon Richard, and his cefter and 
 j Igrandfon Gilbert 2, and great grandfon Gil- 
 i Ibert 3 ( who was kill’d in the Battle of Ster- 
 . I ling in Scotland) fucceflively inherited this ti- 
 I • tie. But, in the minority of Gilbert 3 , Ralph 
 J ’de Monthermery wIk) had clandeftincly marry ’d 
 
 I jthe widow of Gilbert 2, and I] daughter of II Called yc* 
 
 1 Edward the firft, did for fome time enjoy the 
 i I tie of Earl of Glocefter. 
 
 I j But when Gilbert arrived atthe age of twenty 
 j I one years, he claimed the title, and was fum- 
 j moned to ferve in Parliament among the Ba- 
 rons. After Gilbert 3, who died without iflue, 
 
 Hugh de Spencer or Spencer jun. is by writers rho. it la 
 ftiled Earl of Glocefter in right of his wife, Afar?, in tfic 
 W'ho was the eldeft After of Gilbert 3. But ofEd.2. 
 being hanged by the Queen and her Lords in 
 fpight to Edw'ard 2, wliofe favourite he was, 
 
 Hugh de Audley, who had married the other 
 lifter, by the favour of Edward 3, obtained this 
 honour. After w'hofe death King Richard 2. 
 eredted this title into a Dukedom, of which 
 there were three Dukes, with one Earl between, 
 and to all of them it was unfortunate and 
 fatal. 
 
 ‘Thomas of Woodfiock Earl of Buckingham, the 
 youngeft fon of King Edward thQ third, wasDuk«srf 
 the hrft who w'^as dignify ’d with the title ofGloceller. 
 Duke, but prefently depriv’d of it, by King 
 Richard the fecond. For being an ambitious 
 man, and of an unquiet Spirit, he was, by or- 
 der of the King, furprifed and fent to Calais, 
 and there fmothered with a Feather-bed ; ha- 
 ving before made a confeflion under his hand 
 (as appears in the Parliament-Rolls) that, by 
 virtue of a Patent which he had extorted from 
 the King, he had arrogated to himfelf Regal 
 Authority, appeared armed in the King’s pre- 
 lence, conturaelioufiy revil’d him, confulced 
 with learned men how he might renounce his 
 Allegiance, and entertain’d a defign to depofe 
 him. For which, after he was dead, he was 
 attainted of High Treafon by Aft of Parlia- 
 - He being thus taken oft, the fam.eKing 
 
 gave the title of Earl of Ghcefler, to Thomas de 
 Spencer, who, a little after, met with no better 
 late than his great Grandfather Hugh had done ; 
 for he was f profecuted by Henry the fourth, andf Exturba- 
 ignominioufly degi'adcd,aiid beheaded at Briftol. tus. 
 
 Henry 
 
G LOC E ST E R S H I R E. 
 
 290 
 
 ♦ Third am 
 lift, C. 
 
 Richard 3. 
 
 }{tnry the fifth created his brother Humpin-ey 
 the lecond Duke of Glocefiei-y who us’d to flile 
 hiiufelfj Sotif Bi'Otheri and Uncle of Kings, Duke 
 of Gloccfler, Earl of Petnhroke, and Lord High 
 Chamberlain of England. He was a great Friend 
 and Patron of his Country, and ot Learning ; 
 but by the contrivance of a woman, he was 
 idtaken off at St. Edmunds-bury. The * third 
 Duke was Richard the third, brother of King 
 Edward the fourth, who, having inhumanly mur- 
 thcr’d his Nephews, ufurp’d the Throne, 
 which within the fpace of two years he loft 
 with his life in a pitch’d battle, and found by 
 fad experience. That ufurped Power is never 
 lafiing. 
 
 Concerning this laft Duke of Glocefler, and his 
 firft acceffion to the Crown, give me leave to 
 aft the part of an Hiftorian for a while, which 
 I fhall prefently lay afide again, as not being 
 fufficiently qualified for fuch an Undertaking. 
 
 When he was declared Proteftorof theKing- 
 dom, and had his two young Nephews, Ed- 
 ward the fifth King of England, and Richard 
 Duke of Tork, in his power, he began to aim at 
 the Crown j and by a profufe liberality, great 
 gravity mixed with iingular affability, profound 
 wifdom, and impartial Juftice to all people, 
 joyn’d with many fubtle devices, he procured 
 the affeftions of all, and particularly gained the 
 Law'yers to his fide ; and fo managed the mat- 
 ter, that an humble Petition was prefented to 
 him in the name of the Eftates of the Realm, 
 in which they earneftly pray’d. That, for the 
 publick good of the Kingdom, and fafety of 
 the People, he would accept the Crown, and 
 thereby fupport his tottering Country, and not 
 fufter it to fall into utter ruin 3 which, with- 
 out refpeft to the laws of Nattcre, and thofe of 
 the eftablifh’d Government, had been harrafl'ed 
 and perplexed with civil wars, rapines, mur- 
 ders, and all other forts of miferies, ever fince 
 imurispsh Edward the fourth, his brother, t being eii- 
 hits. ^ chanted with love-portions, had contrafted 
 that unhappy match with Elixjxheth Grey wi- 
 dow, without the confent of Nobles, or pub- 
 lication of Banns, in a clandeftin^^ manner, and 
 not in the face of the Congregation, contrary 
 to the laudable cuftom of the Church of Eng- 
 land ; and what was worfe, after he had 
 contrafted himfelf to the Lady Eleanor Butler, 
 daughter to the Earl of Shrewsbury^ ; from 
 whence it was apparent, that his marriage was 
 unlawful, and that the iffue proceeding thence 
 muft be illegitimate, and not capable of inhe- 
 riting the Crown. Moreover, fince George Duke 
 of Clarence, fecond brother of Edward the fourth, 
 was by Aft of Parliament attainted of High 
 Treafon, and his children excluded from all 
 right of fuccelfion, none could be ignorant that 
 Richard remained the foie and undoubted heir 
 of the Crown who, being born in England, 
 they knew would heartily confult the good of 
 his native Country ', and of whofe birth and 
 legitimacy there was not the leaft queftion or 
 difpute : whofe wifdom alfo, juftice, gallantry 
 of mind, and warlike exploits valiantly per- 
 formed for the good of the Nation,together with 
 his noble Exl.'aftion (as defeended from the royal 
 race of England, France, and Spain) they were 
 very well acquainted with, and fully underftood. 
 Wherefore having ferioufly weigh’d and confi- 
 der’d thefe and many other reafons, they did 
 freely, voluntarily, and unanimoufly, according 
 to their Petition, eleft him to be their King, 
 and with prayers and tears, did, out of the great 
 confidence they had in him, humbly befeech 
 him to accept of the Kingdoms of England, 
 France, and Ireland, W'hich were doubly his. 
 
 both by right of inheritance and of eleftion ; 
 and that, for the love which he bore to his na- 
 tive Country, he would lend his helping hand, 
 to fave ^ and proteft it from imminent ruin. 
 Which if he performed, they promis’d him all 
 faith, duty, and alTiftance ; otherwife, they were 
 refolv’d to endure the utmoft extremity, rather 
 than fufter themfelves to be brought into the 
 bonds of a difhonourable flavery, from which 
 at prefent they were freed. This humble Peti- 
 tion was prefented to him, before he accepted 
 the Crown ; afterwards it was alfo offered in 
 the great Council of the Nation, and approved 
 of, and by their authority it was enafted and 
 declared (in a multitude of words, as the cu- 
 ftom is) I’hat by the Lav^s of God, Nature, 
 and of England, and by a moft laudable Cu- 
 ftom, Richard, after a lawful Eleftion, Inaugu- 
 ration and Coronation, was, and is the true 
 and undoubted King of England, &c. and that 
 the inheritance ot thefe Kingdoms rightfully 
 belongs to the heirs of his body lawfully be- 
 gotten ; and, to ufe the very words of the ori- 
 ginal Record, It was enacled, decreed and declar d, 
 by authority of Parliament, that all and fingular the 
 Contents of the aforejaid Bill, are true and tmdoubt-' 
 ed ', and the fame our Lord the King, with the af- 
 fent of the three Eflates of the Realm, and the au- 
 thority afbrefaid, doth pronounce, decree, and declare 
 to be true and undoubted. 
 
 I have explained thefe matters fomewhat 
 more largely, that it may be underftood how 
 far the pow’er of a Prince, pretended godlinefs, 
 fubtle arguings of Lawyers, hope, fear, defire 
 of changes, and fair and fpecious pretences, may 
 prevail againft all right and juftice, even in the 
 great and wife afl'cmbly of the Nation. But 
 the fame cannot be faid of this Richard, asw^as of 
 Galba, That he had been thought fit for Em- 
 pire, had he not reigned j for Galba, after he 
 was fettled in the Empire, deceived all Mens 
 expeftations -, but this had been moft worthy of 
 a Kingdom, had he not afpired to it by wicked 
 ways: fo that in the opinion of the wife, he is 
 to be reckoned in the number of bad Men, but 
 of good Princes. But I muft not forget that I am 
 a Cliorographer, and ought therefore to lay a- 
 lide the Hiftorian. 
 
 [Henry, third fon to King Charles the firft, 
 born id3p, was Duke of Glocefler, and dy’d 
 unmarry ’d the 13'^ of September 1660. Since 
 which time, this tide lay vacant, till PFilliam, 
 fon of George Prince of Denmark, was created 
 Duke of this place ; a Royal Youth, who was 
 adorned with extraordinary Endowments of Na- 
 ture, and had arrived to a variety of Know- 
 ledge and Learning, rarely, if ever feen in fuch 
 tender years.l 
 
 [there are in this County 280 Parifbes. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Gloce- 
 fterfhire. 
 
 Androfsemum Campoclarenfe Col. Matrhioli 
 Park, quoad defer. Hypericon elegantiffimum 
 non ramofum, folio Lato f. B. Afeyron feu Hy- 
 pericum bifolium glabrum non perforatum C. B. 
 Elegant broad-leavd imperforate S. Johns^ort. On 
 St. Vincent’ s rock near Brifiol. 
 
 Afparagus paluftris Ger. Marfh-Afparagus or 
 Sperage, corruptly call’d Sparrow- graft. See the other 
 Synonymes in Cornwall Cat. In Appleton-meadow a- 
 bout two miles from Brifkl : where the Coumry-peo^ 
 pie do gather the buds or young [hoots, and fell them 
 in the markets at Brifiol, much cheaper than our 
 Garden-kind is fold in London. Park. p. 455- "this 
 O o jhouU 
 
DOBUNl. 
 
 291 
 
 Pooiild feem rather to be the common or manured. Af- 
 taragm ^ovoing voildy than the maritime ; which dij~ 
 fers from it, though growing in the fame placet in 
 having thicker leaves and a better tajie- Mag- 
 110I. 
 
 Buxus arborefcens Park. Buxus Ger. B. Tfhe 
 Booi-trce. At Bonwell in Cotefwold. As I find in 
 fo?ne notes cotniminkated to me by my honoured friend 
 Mr. John Aubrey. 
 
 Cardamine pumila Bellidis folio Alpina Ger. 
 ernac. Plantula Cardamines alterius jemula Park. 
 ■Nafturciuin Alpinum Bellidis folio minus C- B. 
 Sinapi pumilum Bellidis folio Clullo y. B. Dai- 
 fie-leavd Ladies-ftnock. Found by Air. Newton on 
 St. Vincent s-rock near Briflol. 
 
 Ceterachj live Afplenium & Scolopendria. 
 Spleenwort or Aliltwafl. About St. VincenP s-rock 
 among the heaps oj fiones plentifully : and on tnany 
 walls about Briflol. 
 
 Hyacinchus Autumnalis minor. Small Au- 
 tumnal Hyacinth. On the fame St. "Vincent s-rock. 
 See the Synonymes in Cat. Cornw. 
 
 Malva arborea marina noftras, Park. Englifh 
 Sea-tree-mallow. On an IJland call'd Dinney, three 
 miles from Kings-road, and five miles from Briflol. 
 Park, p. 305. 
 
 Peucedanum minus Park. C. B. Phytop. pumi- 
 lum Ger. Peucedani facie pulilla planta Lob. Se- 
 linum montanum pumilum Clufii, foliis Fccni- 
 culi aut Peucedani, flore albo, iemine Selini 
 jf. B. Rock-Parfley. On St. Vincent s-rockt near 
 Briflol. 
 
 Rubia Sylvefiris Park. See the other Syno- 
 nymes in Devon. Cat. Wild-madder. On St. Vin- 
 cends-rock. fins hath been miflaken for tl)e common 
 manured Madder, from which it is fpecifcally di- 
 flinB. 
 
 Sedum minus e rape S. Vincentii. Small 
 Sengrene of St. Vincent’ s-rock. fhe title direcls to 
 the place. 
 
 fo thefe I Jhall add,' 
 
 Anemone tuberofa radice Phyt. Brit. Knobby- 
 rooted Anemony or Wind-flower, [aid to grow on 
 Cotefwold-hills near Black-Burton, and to be a great 
 ornament to thofe barren hills ', by Mr. Heaton. My 
 learned and inquifitive- friend Mr. Edward Lloyd 
 fought it there in vain. 
 
 Hippofelinum Ger. ernac. Hippofelinum feu 
 Smyrnium vulgare. Park. Macerone, quibufdam 
 Smyrnium ; femine magno nigro f. B. Hippo- 
 felinum Theophrafii, vel Smyrnium Diofcori- 
 dis C. B. Alexanders. On the rocks at Bechley "o- 
 ing down to Afl-ferry. 
 
 Naflurtium montanum annuum tcnuiflinA 
 divifum. Finelyycut annual Mountain-Creffe. Brough 
 to Mr. Bobert from St. Vincent’ s-rock, near Goram’s- 
 Chair in the parifh of Henbury, three miles from 
 Briflol. It is femething agreeable to the Na- 
 flurtiim Alpinum tenuiffme divifum feptimim 
 C. B. 
 
 Allium Holnjenfe fphjericeo capite, Scorodo- 
 pradum primumCIufii Ger. ernac. Allium fphs- 
 riceo capite, fciio latiore, live Scorodoprafium 
 alterum C. B. Great round-headed Garlick of the 
 Holms-Ifland. Fhund plentifully growing in thefaid 
 IJland in the Sicvern-Sea by Mr. Newton. 
 
 Sedum min*s fruticofum C. B. Vermicula- 
 ris ffutex min or Ger. fruticofa altera Park. An 
 Culi fpecies, feu Vermicularis marina arbo- 
 refcens y. B. Shrub-Hone-crop or Glafs-wort ; 
 found by Lobel growing plentifully in the Holins- 
 Ifland. 
 
 292 
 
 OXFORDSHIRE. 
 
 HE County of Oxford, call’ 
 by the Saxons fOxnapopi 
 pcype, Oxeiipopbpcype, and 
 Oxenpop<^pcbype, commonl 
 Oxfordjhire ; did, as I obferv’ 
 before, belong to the Dobun 
 fand by its fituation (partict 
 larly to the north-caft, at Otmore and the adp 
 cent places) exadly anfwers the original of th 
 name Eobuni, as being low and levd.^ On th 
 ■weft, it borders upon GkceHerfhire on th 
 fouth, where it is broadeft, the river Ifls di 
 vides it from Barkflnre', on the eaft it is bound 
 ed by Bucks } and upon the north, where i 
 ends as it were in a cone, on tlie one fide i 
 has Northampmfljire, and on the other Warwick 
 floire. It is a rich and fertile Country ,• tb 
 lower parts are cultivated into pleafant field 
 * Are, C. and meadows, and the hills * were cover’t 
 with great fiore of w'oods, ftill the late Civi 
 Wars, in which it was defiroyed to fnch a de 
 gree, that few places (except t\\Q Chiltern-coxm 
 cry) can anfwer ■ that charader at prefent 
 Fuel in thofe parts being fo Icarce, that it i 
 commonly fold by weight, not only in Oxford 
 but other Towns in the northern parts of th' 
 Shire.l Nor is it only fruitful in grafs an< 
 corn, but abounds with all forts of game botl 
 for hunting and hawking, and rivers well flock ’< 
 W'ith fifh. FBut^ though raofl parts of it bea 
 corn very well, its greatefl glory is the abun 
 dance of meadows and pafiures, to which thi 
 Rivers add both pleafure and convenience. Fo 
 
 befides the five more confiderable ones, the 
 fhames, Ifls, Cherwell, Evenlode, and Wtndrufl, 
 t^ic has at leriil threefcore and ten of an inte-f Plot, p. i!. 
 riour rank, without including the fmaller 
 brooks.l The Ifls (* afterwards call’d See this 
 
 in a long coutrfe wafheth the fouth-fide of thisconfuted in 
 County. Cher vaell, a fmall river abounding 
 fifh, after it has divided this (hire for fome 
 fpace from thiat of Northampton, flows gently 
 through the middle of the County, and di- 
 vides it as it. were into tw'o equal Parts. The 
 river fame waters and frudlifies the eaftern 
 parts -, till at lafl both thefe rivers, with feve- . 
 ral other little flreams, are receiv’d into the 
 Ifls. 
 
 The Ifls, y ?hen it has juft touch’d upon Wilt- 
 fhire, is, at its firft entrance into this County, 
 ftraiten d by J?o<^coz--bridgc j wEence itpafl'es byRodcot* 
 Bahlac, fame us for Robert de Vere the great Earlbrijge- 
 of Oxford, Marquefs of Dublin, and Duke 
 Ireland', who^ being highly in favour and au- 
 tnority with King Richard the fecond, and for 
 that reafon mo Icfs envied and hated by his 
 Fellow-Baro’ns, has taught us this lefibn. That 
 no power ^ has force enough to fecute thofe 
 who enjoy it. For he, being here defeated in 
 a skirmifh \virh the Nobles, was conftrain’d to 
 take the river, and fwim for his life, w'hich 
 was the fad cataftrophe of all his greatnefs and 
 glory^ : for he prefently fled the Realm, and 
 died in bauifliment ; fbeing xlruck by a wild 
 Boar in hunting, of wiiich wound he expired at 
 Lpvain An?i. 13P2. 'Fhree years after, his bo- 
 

293 
 
 0 XF 0 RDS H I R E. 
 
 ^ Boar the 
 
 Creft of the 
 Family of 
 
 dy was brought over into England, and, by 
 the care and expence of the King, folemnly 
 inter’d at Colne in Ellex.1 In the Poem of the 
 marriage or T'ame and Ifis v/e have thcfe verfes 
 of him : 
 
 ■ ‘Hk Verm notijjlmm aprOy 
 Dum dare terga negat njirtmy ^ tenders 
 contra 
 
 Non fmt inv 0 .(E reBrix prudentia mevais ; 
 Vndique dum refonat repetitis iBibm umbo, 
 T'mihhcpiie flrepit circum fua tempora caffisy 
 Se dedit in fliivmm, jiu'vim Icetatm 'FX ilh 
 Hojpite, fufcepit fahtm, fahum^ue remijit. 
 
 Here Oxford’s Hero famous for his Boar, 
 
 While Valour prompts behind, and Pru- 
 dence calls before ; 
 
 While clafhing- fwords upon his target 
 found. 
 
 And fiiowcrs of arrows from his bread re- 
 bound, 
 
 Prepar’d for word of fates, undaunted 
 dood,- 
 
 And urg’d his Bead into the rapid flood : 
 
 I'he waves in triumph bore him, and were 
 proud 
 
 To fink beneath their honourable load. 
 
 After this, the JJts, frequently overflowing 
 the. lower grounds, receives its fird addition 
 Win^mffi IVindrup), a fmall brook, which flows out 
 BuTforcl. ' oi the Coteju'old, and falutes Burford danding 
 on the banks of it, in Saxon TBeop^popd, and I 
 Beoppopb, where Cuthred King of the Wed- 
 Saxons, then tributary to the Mercians, not 
 being able to endure any longer the cruelty and 
 intolerable Exactions of King ^thelbald, met 
 him in the open field with an army r(probably 
 battle-edge place dill call’d Battle-edge, wed of the' 
 
 * ° *town,)I and beat him ; taking his Standard, in 
 
 which, we read, was the pourtraidlure of a golden 
 Dragon. fConcerning this. Dr. Plot fays, that 
 there has been a Cudom in the town, f of ma- 
 king a Dragon yearly, and carrying it up and 
 down the dreets in great jollity on Midfummer- 
 eve ; which feems to bear fome relation to 
 what is here faid, of Cuthred’s taking from 
 the enemy a banner whereon was painted a 
 golden Dragon : only, to the Towns-men’s Dra- 
 gon, there is a Giant added ; but for what roa- 
 fon, it is not known. This place is alfo famous 
 for a Council convened here by the Kings E- 
 theldred and Berthiuald, An. <58 at which, 
 Aldbelm Abbot of Malmsbiiry, afterwards Bi- 
 fhop of Sbirburne, being prefent, among many 
 others, was commanded by the Synod to write 
 a Book againd the error of the Britifh Church- 
 es in the obfervation of Eader. Which I the 
 rather take notice of here, becaufe Sir Henry 
 Spelman calls it only Synodm Merciana, An. 705, 
 without fixing any certain place, or the exact 
 *DcPontif.time : whereas both are evident from * Mahns- 
 lib. 5. luYj, and the Leiger-book of that Abbey .1 From 
 Minfter-Lo- hence, the IVindrufh runs to Minjier-Lovel, here- 
 tofore the feat of the Lords hovel of T'ichemerfJoy 
 who, being defeended from one hupel a noble 
 Norman, did long bear a confidcrable figure in 
 thefe parts, and receiv’d great additions to their 
 Fortune, by matches with the heirs-female of 
 Tkbeme^-Jh, of the Lords Holland, of D’eyncourt, 
 and of the Vifeounts Beaumont. But this fa- 
 mily was extinft in Francis Vifeount hovel, Lord 
 Level a Ba. Chamberlain to King A/c/wrd the third, who 
 was banifh’d by Henry the feventh, and at lad 
 flain in the battle of Stoke, taking part with 
 hambert the impodor Prince. His fider Fridif- 
 
 294 
 
 + Plor, p. 
 
 3‘19* 
 
 wide was grandmother to Henry, the fird Lord 
 Norris. Paffing hence, the THindrufh viiits 
 Whitney an ancient towm, W'hich before the con- Whitney, 
 qued belonged to the Bifhop of mncbelhr 
 fbeing given by Alwin, Bifhop thereof (among Oorfst- 
 the other Manours, bedowed upon that Church) ftire. 
 on account of Emma’s being cleared, by Fire- 
 Ordeal, of the charge of Adultery witli him. 
 fa the year 1171, it was given by Henry Bi- Lteger-book 
 Ihop 01 that See, to his new-founded Hofpital of St. Crofsi 
 ot St.^ Crofs. For the fettling of a Frec-fchool 
 at this^ place, ereded and endowed by Henry 
 Box, Citizen of London, a particular Statute 
 palled in the 15'b year of King Charles the 
 
 Near adjoyning, is Coges, the head oftheCoges’ 
 barony Arjic, the Lords of which, defeended Baron’s of 
 from, the Earls of Oxford, have been long finceAriJc. 
 extind. Hard by, Wichwood-Foredi is of a large Wichwood* 
 extent, and yet the bounds of it w^ere onceForell. 
 much wider : For King Richard the third disfo- 
 refied a great part of 'Wichwood between Wood- 
 {iock and Brightfiow, which King Edward the fourth 
 had taken into the limits of that Forefi, as we are 
 inform’d by John Rous of Warwick. The Ri- 
 ver Ifis, when it has received the Windrufll, 
 pafles ho Stanton Harcoun, the ancL nt feat ofstarton H:f- 
 the Harcouits, who are defeended from the court, 
 Harcourts in Normandy ; and of whom, in 
 our time, Sir Simon Harcourt hath been advan- 
 ced to the Honour of Baron Harcourt oi Stanton 
 Harcourt, and alfo to the Office of Lord High 
 Chancellor of Great Britain, on account of his 
 extraordinary Abilities ; more efpecially, of Iiis 
 great Knowledge in the Law's and Conftituti- 
 on of this Realm. Next, the River goesl to 
 Einfham, in Saxon rCisonepbam andl Gi^ne-Ein/ham. 
 p)5am, formerly a Royal Vill, leated among moil 
 delightful meadows. This place famong other 
 Garrifons in thofe parts,1 Cuthwulph tho Saxoiiann. 571. 
 firft took from the conquer’d Britains: rEthel- 
 mar a nobleman adorn’d it with a Monafiery, 
 which Ethelred King of England in the year 
 100) confirmed, fcalling this in the Charter a 
 famom place,'] and Jigna the priviledge of hiberty 
 (to keep to the words of the Charter) with the 
 Jign of the holy Crofs. But this houfe of Religi- 
 on * was turn’d into a private Seat, which f be-*js, C. 
 long’d to the Earl of Derby. [Here it was alfo, f Belongs, C, 
 that, in the year loop, the fame King iEchel- 
 red (by the acivice of Alphege Archbifhop of 
 Canterbury, and Wulflan Arch-bifhop of York) 
 held a general Council, wherein many Decrees 
 were efiablifhed, relating to the government of 
 Church and State : it is call’d by |1 Sir 
 Spelman, .^nham.~\ Einfham, the Even-f,-^, 
 
 lode a fmall rivulet, runs into the Ifis which, 
 flowing from the Cotefwold, ffirfl: fees Ci/^A-’-chaftlcton. 
 
 near which is a Fortification, that the lear- 
 ned Dr. Plot imagines might be cafl-up about 
 the year ioi5, w'hen Edmund Ironjide met Ca- 
 mte the Dane ; but if that conje<^re be built 
 purely upon its being near Few. Four-fhire-(lone,Vo'dr-Mtz-‘ 
 (which gener.ally goes for the old 6ceop}*canftone. 
 where the battle was fought) the place of the 
 battle being (*as it probably ought) remov’d*Ses 
 from this place, that Opinion is defiroy’d.l It in Wiltihire. ' 
 leaves, in the utmofl; borders of this Coun- 
 ty, a little further from its banks, a great 
 monument of Antiquity ; a number of vaflly 
 large Stones plac’d in a circular figure, which 
 the Country-people call Rollc-rich-Jlones, and havcRoUe-rlch- 
 a fond tradition, that they were once Men, and Itones. 
 were turn’d into Stones. Tiie figure of them, 
 as rudely drawm a long time ago, I fliall here 
 reprefent to the Reader’s eye. 'I’hey are irre- 
 gular and of unequal height, and by the de- 
 cays of time are grown ragged and v’erymuch 
 
 impair’d. 
 
295 
 
 f Exefa, 
 
 DO SUN I. 
 
 t impair’d. The higheft of them, which lies 
 out of the ring toward the eaft, they call ‘I’he 
 King i becaufe they fanfy he ftiould have been 
 King of Englahd, if he could have feen Long- 
 Cmpmy a Village which is within view at 
 
 a very few fteps farther : five larger Stones, 
 which on one fide of the circle are contigu- 
 ous to one another, they pretend were Knights 
 or Horfemen, and the other common Soldiers. 
 But fee the Draught. 
 
 *Plot.p.339. is a fingle Circle ofStones without Epi- 
 
 Jlyles or ArchitraveSy and of no very regular fi- 
 ... gutc. I Except one or two, the reft of them 
 ’ are not above four foot and a half high. What 
 the occafion of this Monument might be, is not 
 hinted by any Infcription upon the Stones, nor 
 by any other marks about them : which feems 
 to make it probable at leaft, that it was not 
 ereded in memory of any perfons that were 
 bury’d there. For, if fo, we might expect 
 II jgg Corn-( 1) Other places of this kingdom) to meet 
 wall. with a Crofs or fomething of that kind im- 
 plying the defign, if Chriftian ; or, if Pagan, 
 we might expert to find barrows at fome fmall 
 
 * Kajph She}- diftance. Befidcs, a * curious Antiquary in 
 don, Efq;. thefe parts, making a diligent fearch, in the 
 
 middle, for fome Remains which might lead 
 us to the firft defign, and particularly for hnes j 
 found himfelf difappointed. Tho’, if we may 
 take an eftimate of this, from another of the 
 like nature, the bones (if there are any) may 
 more probably be met tvith, without the cir- 
 
 * See Wilts, cfo ss they were found fome years ago at a lit- 
 undcr Kynet. tie diftance from that at Kynet in IViltJhire, and 
 
 have been formerly found at the famous Stone- 
 henge.'] 
 
 + 1 fliould ^ imagin this Monument to 
 
 think C? rais’d in memory of fome vitftory ob- 
 
 * tained here, perhaps by Rollo the Dane, who 
 afterward poiiefs’d himfelf of Normandy. For, 
 at the fame time that he with his Danes and 
 Normans infefted England with depredations, 
 we read that the Danes and Saxons had an En- 
 \\ At Sherficn g^g^'ment at and another at |1 Scier- 
 
 in Wilts, V. fitine in Hukciay which I fhould take for that 
 Wihjhire. great boundary Stone that ftands hard by, and 
 divides four Counties or Shires, for fo the Sax- 
 on word Sderflane plainly intimates. fBut o- 
 thers allcdge, that how true foever this opinion 
 of its being erefted in memory of fome vifto- 
 ry, may be in the main ; yet the relation it 
 has to RoPo the Dane, will not agree with the 
 engagement either at Hokenortan or Sceorfian. 
 For the Saxon-Annals tell us, it was in 876 
 that this RoPo made inroads into Normandy'^, and 
 tliat was after he had been in England j where- 
 as the battle of Hokeno^-ton was in 917, and that 
 of Sceorfian a hundred years after. Nor does 
 
 that paflage of Waljinghamy which tells us of 
 the afliftance which Rollo fent to King Athel- 
 ftan, and which is infifted on by a later Au- 
 thor, clearly take aw'ay the difficulty : unlefs 
 we can fuppofe (what is hardly to be imagin’d) 
 that Rollo could be of age to plunder England 
 in the year 875, and to make incurfions into 
 Normandy, in 8753 and that the fame Rollo 
 fliould live to allift King Athelfiany who came 
 not to the Crown till the year 92 j. But tho’ 
 this difficulty did not lie in the way, and the 
 matter of fad were fuppos’d to be true 3 yet 
 unlefs it appear’d, at the fame time, that the 
 fuppos’d defeat was in thofe p.arts, there is no- 
 thing to fupport the conjedure, befides the bare 
 affinity of names. 
 
 The common Story before-mentioned, which 
 goes current among the People, though it 
 be upon the whole ridiculous enough, yet 
 may it (as we very often find in fuch traditio- 
 nal tales) have fomething of truth at the bot- 
 tom. For why may not that large Stone at a 
 little diftance, which they call the Kingy be the 
 Kongftolen, belonging to the Circle of Stones 
 rais’d ufually for the Coronation of the Nor- 
 thern Kings (as IVormim informs us:) efpeci- 
 ally lince the learned * Dr. Plot has oblerv’d* Nat. 
 from the fame TVormim, that this Kongftolen^^ ' 
 though ordinarily in the middle, was iome-^‘ 
 times at a diftance from the Circle ? Not farAubr. MS. 
 from hence, in the fields of Stanton Hanornty 
 ftood two great Stones, called the Devils-Coitsi 
 lixty five paces diftaiit from one another ,* but 
 one of them was taken down, feveral years 
 fince, to make a bridge, 1 
 
 As to Hokenortony the Inhabitants were former- Hokcnortoiv 
 ly fuch clowns and churls, that it pafs’d into a 
 Proverb, for a rude and ill-bred follow, to be 
 born at Hogs-Norton. But this place is chiefly 
 memorable for the fatal flaughter of the En- 
 glifh in a fight wdth the Danes, under Edmund 
 the elder, fFlorence of Worcefter calls it Vtlln 
 Regiay i. e. a Royal Village 3 and makes the bat- 
 tle to be in the year 9 14, contrary to Bromp- 
 ton and Huntingdon, who tell us it was An. 
 
 911, and to the Saxon Chronicle, which has it in 
 
 917. The barrows of Tadmerton and Hokcnor--j^ii, Hfil. 
 
 tony * the former, Large and round 3 the otherOxon, p. 33^ 
 
 fmaller 
 
OXFORDS HIR E. 
 
 298 
 
 fn-aller, and rather a quinquaiigle than a fquarei 
 ,..cte probably caft-tip on this occahon ; the 
 nund one by the Dines, and the fyuare one by 
 the Saxons.'l !■; was afterward a Barmiy of the 
 rir r/i)i7yj an honourable and ancient Family ot 
 Normandy. The firft of that name who came 
 into England, was Kalcrt de Oily, who, for his 
 mat fervice in that expedition, was rewarded 
 bv WilH™ tho Conqueror with this village and 
 tnany other lauds, fome of which he gave to 
 his f\vorn brother Roger Ivery,, f(and not John de 
 Eiverio, as Lelaild, and after him Dugdale, name 
 him ; )T and this part was afterwards the Ba- 
 , rony of Sc. IVakry. But this Robert dying 
 
 jirony of St. _ ,NVn^a-Tnsi1f*. his Brother iV/feHucceeded 
 
 Walery 
 
 D’oily. 
 
 
 without iiTue-male, his Brother iVrgeKucceeded 
 
 in his eftatc, whofe fon, Robert the fecond, was 
 Founder of the Monaftery_ of 0 {ney._ At length. 
 
 i^OUHWCi mw. j j j 
 
 R'#')" f an heir female of this family of D otly was 
 
 . ^ 1 /* TTT" We f rl*. 
 
 Olney 
 
 ky 
 
 married to Henry Earl of War-wkk, by whom 
 (he had Thomas Earl of Warwick, who dy d 
 without iflue in the reign of Hewy Ae third, 
 and Margaret who died likewifc without iflue, 
 though (he had two hrishanis, yjobn Marejchal 
 and 7o/® de Plejfets, both Earls of Warwick. 
 Upon this (as the Charter of Donation runs) 
 R'jHtr Henry the third granted Hochnorion and 
 ^^^“"■^■cJinTonte Join df Ple/ets cr Plejfy,ficl, 
 u‘ej-5 the inheritance oj Henry D oily, and jell into 
 the Kings hands upon the death of Margaret Coun- 
 ' tefs of Warwick, wife of the ajerefaid fohn, as an 
 efeheat of the Lands of the Normans, to have and to 
 hold till fuels time as the Lands oj England^ and 
 Normandy jbauld be made common. But ot this an- 
 cient and honourable Family of D’oily, there 
 remains ftill a branch ill this County, who have 
 the honour of being Knigh«, faiid Bavonets.1 
 GrouTei,. fSouth from hence, is Great^^ ; near which 
 »N^t,Hl#..^vas plough’d-up an Opus Tejfellalum, or pave- 
 Oxon.p. cm into fquares, fomewhat bigger than 
 
 Dice and of four different colours, blew, white, 
 yellow, and red, all polilh’d and orderly dlf- 
 Swph.A(lon.pers’d into works. As was another at Steeple- 
 Aflon hard by, which confifled likewife of 
 fquares of divers colours, and fet in curious h- 
 guros ; though not cubick, like the former, but 
 oblong fquares. And (to return to the courfe 
 StumSeia. of the river Evenlode) at Stmsfald, ^^>“11/1- 
 lage two miles from fVoodBock, was found, in 
 the year 1713. a large and entire te&llated Ro- 
 man Pavement, thirty five foot in length, and 
 twenty ill breadth, and not above two toot un- 
 der ground. The Superficies of it is allfmooth 
 and level, and it is compofed of little fqiwre 
 pieces of Brick and Stone, of fix differait Co- 
 lours, orderly difpofed into Works, and ftrongly 
 cemented together upon a bed of Mortar, iup- 
 ported by ribb’d Arch-work underneath.f 
 E-uenhde runs by no other place, remarkable 
 ‘After a tog but * a little lower takes m a fmall brooR, up 
 ‘“''■'■.C on which is kated Woodfiock, in Saxon Wu6e- 
 Woodfock. . ^ ^ place, where King Etheldred 
 
 heretofore held an afl'embly of the States, and 
 enaaedfeveral Laws. Here is a magnihcent Palace 
 built by King Henry the hrft. [And (not to infift 
 upon tL evidence of King Etheldred s calling a 
 Council here,) it muft have been a Royal Seat 
 long before King Henry’s time ; fmee it was 
 here, that King JElfred tranflated Boetius de 
 Confolatime Philofaphiie, as Dr. Plot has obfav d 
 out of a MS. in the Cottonian Library. Henry 
 the firft alfo adjoin’d to the Palace! a large 
 lit# Park in Park enclos’d with a wall of Stone ; which John 
 Eagland. to have been the firft Park in 
 
 England, though we meet with thefe words, 
 Pana fyhejlris hefliarum, more than once in 
 Domefday-book. But afterwards, they encreas d 
 to fo great a number, that there were compu- 
 ted more in England, than in all the Chnftian 
 
 world befides j fo great delight did our aiice- 
 llors take, in this noble fport of Hunting. 
 
 [(Through this Park, runs the Confular way 
 cMed Aketnanjircet, in a taifed bank ; entring it at 
 Wotton-gatBi and going out of it at Mapkm-v}ell.y\ 
 
 Our Hiftories report, that King Henry the 
 fecond, being deeply enamour’d with Rofammd 
 Clifford (whofe extraordinary beauty, and other 
 accomplifhments, drove the thoughts of all o- 
 ther women from his heart, and made her com- 
 monly called Rofa Mundi, the Rofe of the 
 World j ) to fecure her from the reftlefs jea- 
 louiie of his Juno Queen, built in this place a 
 Labyrinth, where the many windings and Labyrinth, 
 turnings made an inextricable maze ; yet, at 
 prefent we fee no remains of it. 
 
 [Thus, the Park and Manour of IVoodjhck con- 
 tinued in the Crown, till the fourth year of Qc 
 Annej in which her Majefty (enabled thereunto 
 byA& of Parliament) granted the Interefb of the 
 Crown in the Honour and Manour of IVood- 
 Jiock and Hundred of Wottony to John Duke ofDuke of 
 Marlborough and his heirs, as a reward of 
 eminent and unparalleFd Services (as they are de- 
 fervedly filled by the Voice ot the Nation, in 
 Parliament,) and for perpetuating the Memory 
 thereof. For, being conflicuted Captain-Gene-Stat. 3 Ann. 
 ral of her Majefly’s Forces, and having in the 
 firft year of her reign fecured and extended the 
 frontier of Holland, by the taking of feveral 
 Towns from the French, and obliging them to 
 feek fhelter behind their Lines ; and alfo, the 
 next Campaign, having added all the Country 
 between the Rhine and the Maes to the Con- 
 quefts of the preceding year j He did, in the 
 year 1 704. (after a long and difficult march to 
 the Banks of the Danube, made with the ut- 
 moft diligence, fecrecy, and good conduft) at- 
 tack and force the Bavarians, affifted by the 
 French, in their ftrong Intrenchments at Schel- 
 lenberg : After which, he fought the Enemy a 
 fecond time, and, although they had been re- 
 inforced by a Royal Army of the French 
 King’s beft troops, and were commanded by a 
 Marfhal of France, and had the advantages 
 both of number and fituation, he did (to ufe 
 the Language of the Great Council of the 
 Land) gain as abfolute andglorioma Viilory, as 
 is recorded in the Hifiory of any Age. The Empire 
 being thus refeued, chiefly by his condud and 
 bravery, from the immediate ruin to which the 
 defedion of the Duke of Bavaria had expofed 
 it ; he was made a Prince thereof by the Em- 
 peror, from whom he afterwards received a 
 Grant of the Lordfliip of Mindelheim, and is Prince oF 
 diftinguifhed throughout the Empire by the Mindelheim. 
 ftile and title of Brince of Mindelheim. And the 
 field of this glorious Vidory being at or near 
 Blenheim, and the battle from thence called the 
 Battle of Blenheim ; accordingly, that noble and 
 magnificent HouTe ereded within this Manour 
 of Woodftock as a Monument of hisgloriom AHi- 
 .ons (for fo the Parliament exprefles it,) is called 
 T^he Houfe, or CaRle of Blenheim adorned with Blenheim* 
 fpacious and beautiful Gardens, and all the Caftle. 
 other Accommodations and Ornaments, fuica- 
 ble to fo ftately a Fabrick. 
 
 The fucceeding Vidories of Ramellies, Au- 
 denarde, Blarigniesy &c. whereby this great Ge- 
 neral did exceedingly increafe his former Glo- 
 ries, and for which he received the Solemn 
 Thanks of the Nation in Parliament ; fall nor 
 within tlie compafs of this Defign, but make the 
 far brighteft part of the Hiftory of that Reign. 
 
 As to the Town of Woodjiock ; it was 
 chiefly fupported by the refort of our Kings 
 and Queens thither ; but that Refort being 
 difufed, it fell to decay ; in conlider.ation 
 P p v'hereof^ 
 
299 
 
 D 0 BU N I. 
 
 whereof, and for the recovery of it, a Statute 
 pafTcd in Parliament, in the eighteenth year of 
 Queen Elizabeth, to make it a Staple of IVools^ 
 *Ann. 1607. Having * now nothing elfe to be proud of, it 
 + Alum- boafts of the honour of being the f birth-place 
 of our Englifli Horner^ Chaucer : To 
 
 nus Tlius. 
 
 Jeffery 
 
 Chaucer. 
 
 whom, and fome other of our Englilh Poets, I 
 
 may apply what the learned Italian fung of Ho- 
 mer and other Greeks, 
 
 ' Hk We ejl, cujus de gurgite facro 
 
 Combibit arcanos njatum omnis turba furores. 
 
 This he, to whofe immortal fpring of 
 wit 
 
 Each water Poet owes his rivulet. 
 
 For he, defying every rival in wit, and leaving 
 all our Poetafters at a long diftance behind him. 
 
 -jam monte pontPii, 
 
 the whole foundation to King John, and the 
 occafion of building it, to a prophecy of Mer- 
 lin^ 
 
 The Ills, before its Ereams are again united 
 meets with Cherwell, which, coming out of 
 Northamptonfhire, flows almoft through the 
 middle of this County. It firft waters Banbury, Banb 
 formerly Banepbypi5, where Kynric the Well- ^ 
 
 300 
 
 Saxon f is faid to have overcome the poor Bri- , ^ 
 tains (lighting ftoutly for their Lives and Li- c 
 
 Ridet anhelantent dura ad fafligia turbam. 
 
 Sits down in triumph on the conquer’d 
 lieight. 
 
 And fmiles to fee unequal Rivals fweat. 
 
 rof late years alfo, this Town hath given 
 the title of Vilcounr to William Bentinck, who 
 was created, at the fame time, Earl of Port- 
 land.! 
 
 The IJis, when it has taken-in the Everdode, 
 divides its Chanel, and cuts out many plea- 
 Godfiow. fant Iflands, among w’hich flood Godfiow, i. e. 
 
 The place of God, a Nunnery ffaid to be! 
 founded by one Iduy a rich widow, and to have 
 been improv’d and endow ’d by King fobn, to 
 the intent thofe holy Virgins might (according 
 to the devotion of that age) pray for the Souls 
 of King Henry the fecond, his Father, and Ro- 
 famund : for fhe was buried here with this rhy- 
 ming Epitaph : 
 
 Hac jacet in ttmbh Rofa mundty non Rofa 
 munda, 
 
 Idon redolety Jed olet, qux redolere folet. 
 
 Rofe of the world, not Rofe the frefh pure 
 fiow’r, 
 
 Within this Tomb hath taken up her 
 bow'’r • 
 
 She fenteth now and nothing fweet doth 
 fmell. 
 
 Which earft was wont to favour paffing 
 well. 
 
 [Butthen.ame of the Foundrefs was really 
 Editha, an eminent and de\out matron, who, 
 upon a plot of ground given- by John de St. 
 Johny ereefled it at her own charge 5 and at the 
 latter end of December An. 1138. it was de- 
 dicated by Alexander Bifhop of Lincoln, to the 
 honour of the Virgin Mary and St. John Bap- 
 tift. The additional endowment, by King 
 John, before-mentioned, may alfo probably be a 
 miftake for Richard the firfl, w'ho, we find, in 
 the firfl year of his reign, gave a large Charter 
 to this Abbey. If it be an error, it is likely 
 it arofe from 'Thomas Walfngham^s attributing! 
 
 berties,) in a memorable battle. [But yet it ' 
 may be queftioned, whether this place can juftly 
 lay claim to the Battle j which the Saxon-Aii- 
 nals exprefly fay, was at Bepanbypig ; and this 
 is proved * before, to be mofl probably in* Seep. 123 
 Wiltfiiire. But wherever it was fought i the 
 fuccefs of it does not feem to belong entirely to 
 the Saxons. It is true, before that, they had 
 been too hard for the Britains in fevcral en- 
 gagements : but h'ere, the whole ftrengtli of 
 this people in the mid-land parts, was united^ 
 and they were fo numerous as to divide their 
 army into nihe battalions i fo that by the afli- 
 ftance of their numbers and refolution, ourHi- 
 florians confefs they bore up fo well, that when 
 night came, the battle was depending. And it 
 is more than probable, if our Writers would 
 but fpeak out, that they had the better of the 
 Saxons at this turn. For whereas this happen’d 
 in 555, w'e find they held their garrifons in this 
 County till the year 571, or, as fome Writers 
 fay, 580^ which they could hardly be fuppos’d 
 to do, had the Vidtory been fo compleat. But 
 what feems of greatefl moment in this matter, 
 is the manner in wEich the Saxon Chronicle re- 
 lates this Engagement. The only objedion 
 perhaps that lies againft tlie authority of that 
 Book, is, partiality to the Saxons againft the 
 poor Britains, in the courfe of thofe wars; and 
 yet upon this occafion it is content barely to 
 tell us, II that Cynric and Ceaiulin fought with the,, q. 
 Britains at Beranbyrig: which (as we may ga-Sax. 7 ub 
 ther from other Inftances) had not likely been Ann. 5 5 
 let pafs without exprefs mention of the Vido- 
 ry, if it had fallen to the fliare of the Saxons.l 
 In the laft age ffave one! Richard Nevil Earl 
 of Warwick, fighting for the Lancaftrian Inte- 
 reft, gave fuch an abfolute defeat to the York 
 party fnear^this place,! that he fbon after cook 
 the diftrefs d King Edward 4, and carry ’d him 
 oft prifoncr. ^flEis battle was fought on a 
 fair plain Danes-more Edgeot in the 
 County of Northampton, within three miles fight, 
 of Banbury. And fome of our Hiftorians give 
 more favourable account of it on the York- 
 fide i namely, that the fortune of the day was 
 not decifive ; but that the Earl of Pembroke and 
 Lord Stafford^ taking up their quarters at Ban~ 
 bury, quarrel d for an Inn j wEich gave the Earl 
 of Warwick an opportunity to fet upon them, 
 and to take the Earl of Pembroke and Sir Ri- 
 chard Herbert, prifoners j wEo were barba- 
 roufly beheaded. After which, upon a treache- 
 rous overture of peace, the Earl of Wai^vick 
 furpris’d the King at Wohey, and carried him 
 Prifoner to Warwick^ The Town, at prefent, 
 
 IS mofl famous for making good Cheefe. (a) It 
 has a Caflle, built by Alexander Bifhop of 
 Lincoln (for this manour belong’d to that See) 
 who in his way of living confulred ftate and 
 grandeur, more than eafe and fafety, and brought 
 
 Englill. edition of the 
 
 tliat to his own obfervation of BmiJ, beinE bmoL fJrS'^r ' -r “ 9^ i on, he 
 
 thinking it too li"rao «3oo oba^ the TranHator had added Cate, and Jle. Bot 
 
 indignation of the pii««,„go ab„u„|e^^^^ i f'’ ‘he great 
 
 very 
 
JOI 
 
 OXFORDSHIRE. 
 
 302 
 
 very mifehiefs on himfelf by his vain and 
 expenfive buiidings. Give me ieave to add one 
 remark ; that the Coins of Roman Emperors, 
 louhd here and in the fieids adjoyning, are a 
 fair argument for the antiquity of this piace. 
 rin the year i6l6. WiKam Lord Knolljs of 
 Grays-Court, Vifeount Waiingfbrd, was crea- 
 ted Eari of Bantiury?, 
 
 1 muft not here pafs by Broughton, the feat of 
 Biougnton. Pj, to whom and_ to the 
 
 heirs of his body. King James fthe firft.l in 
 the firif year of his reign, granted and confirmed 
 the name, fiile, title, degree, dignity, and honour 0} 
 BaronSay and Seie ; he being defceiided in a right 
 line from James Fienes Lord Say and d'e/e,who was 
 High Treafurer of England in the reign of Hen- 
 ry the fixth. The Cheniel, for many miles after 
 it has left Banbury, fees nothing but well cul- 
 tivated Fields, and delightful Meadows ; among 
 which Hands Ifiip, formerly Ghifilipe, the birth- 
 place of King Edward (whom, tor his piety 
 and challity, our anceftors honour d with the 
 title of Confeffor-,) as he himfelf witnefl'es in 
 his original Charter, whereby he gives this his 
 manour to the Church of Weftminfter : fthe 
 greateft part of which Charter, being lately 
 difeovered, is now printed in the original Sax- 
 on. This place is called in the Pipe-rolls of 
 Henry the fecond, Hiltefleafe; in a Charter of 
 Henry the fecond, Ikfiefe ; and in a Prefentati- 
 on of the Abbey of Weftminfter, 6 Henry 3 
 • a tia ol Ighteflep. But in the faid * original Charter, it 
 AmbroiScr, is Call’d DiSylepe, which is eahly melted into 
 p. jC' Iflep or Ifiip, by cafting away the initial G ; in 
 the fame manner that Dypeypic is changed in- 
 to Ipfvoich, and Gifteky near Oxford into Ifiey. In 
 v; .,cha- the C/Mpei here, which is call’d the Xin/i Cha- 
 pel.^ pel, there ftood, not many years fince, a Font; 
 the very fame (as Tradition has conftantly de- 
 liver’d it down) wherein Edward the Confellbr 
 was baptiz’d. But this, being put to an inde- 
 cent ufe, as well as the Chapel, was at laft pi- 
 oufly refeu’d from it, and remov’d to the gar- 
 den of Sir Henry Brown Baronet, of Nether Rid- 
 dittgton in this County. The Church continues 
 in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of 
 IVeliminSIer : the late Refior, Dr. Robert South, 
 at his own expence built a new decent Chancel, 
 and a beautiful Parfonage-houfe, with other 
 Accommodations belonging thereunto.l Near 
 „ , this, is Hedindon, which King John gave for 
 
 Helvnaon. Thomas Baffet. ITradition fays, it 
 
 was in the Saxon times a nurfery of the King s 
 children : and it feems likewife to have had a 
 Royal feat, where King Ethelred refidcd ; par- 
 ticularly, when he granted a Charter to the 
 Monaftery of St. Fridefwide, wherein the date 
 is thus mention’d ( 7'his privilege woe idith m 
 Heddingion ;) and afterward in Latin {Scriptafmt 
 hac cedula jiiffu prafati Regis in villa Regia, &c.) 
 i. e. This Schedule was written, at the com- 
 mand of the fore-mentioned Ring> the Royal 
 VtUy &c. Another Argument ot a Royal ^at 
 here, was a Free-Chapel, exempt from all Cu- 
 ftoms due to the Bifhop of Lincoln and Arch- 
 deacon of Oxford ; which Maud the Emprels 
 confirm'd to the Church of St. Fridefwide. \ 
 
 At Ifiip, the Cherwel is joyned from the eait 
 Eurteftcr. with a fmall brook which runs by Burceiler, in 
 Saxon Bupeiiceaycep and Bepnaceafuep, ! per- 
 haps, as much as to fay Birini caftrum ; imply- 
 ing it to be a frontier^arrifon of the Weft-- 
 Saxons againil the Mercians, and raifed 
 the ruins of Alcbefier, by the advice and alli- 
 ftance of Birinm Bifhop ol Dorchefter.l A 
 Town of ancient name, but where I have ob- 
 ferv’d nothing of fEngUfhl Antiquity ; only, 
 that Gilbert Ba/fet, and Egeline de Courtney his 
 
 wife, in the reign of Henry the fecond, built 
 
 here a little Monaftery in honour of St. f Mary 
 
 andl Edburg j T(the memory of the latter being 
 
 ftill preferved in S. Edburg s Well, and 7'adbury-St. Edburg’d 
 
 walkj corruptly for The Edbury~walk : f\ and. Well. 
 
 that the Barons Le Strange of Knocking^ were 
 
 * lately Lords of this place. THere is a fair* 
 
 and fpacious Church ; and, in the divifion ofann. 1607. 
 
 Kings-end, ftands a pleafant and convenient Kings-end. 
 
 feat of Mr. yohn Coker Lord of that manour. 
 
 Moft of the lands in Market-end are part of the Market-end. 
 eftate of Sir IViUiam Glynne Baronet, whofe 
 beautiful feat is within two miles, at Amb, -of- Amhrof^^r.. 
 den 5 where the Parifli-Church is neat and well- 
 adorn’d, and the Vicarage-houfe adjoyning, of 
 great ftrength and good profpeft, built in the 
 year 1^38. at the foie charge of I)r. JohnStub- 
 bingi the then worthy Vicar .1 Towards the 
 weft, are fome few' remains of an old deferred 
 Station, which they call AUcheJleYi perhaps in- Allcheftcr. 
 Head of Aldchefier, or the old Calirum. fThe 
 bounds of this quadrangular Camp or Garrifon, 
 are ftill vifible ; though the area or fite of it 
 has been, for a long time, part of the common 
 field of Wendlebury. 'Lhe reafon of the name Wendleburyi 
 is an evidence of it’s Antiquity, whether we 
 make it AldcbeBer j or AUelH caBrum^ from the 
 Roman Alledus, an Opinion ingenioufly deli- 
 ver’d, and maintain’d with much Ihew of truth 
 in a fhort Hiftory of AlcbeBer^ the original MS. 
 whereof was prefented to Sir William Glynne 
 by the learned and pious Mr. Samuel Blackwell^ 
 
 B. D. late Vicar of BurceBer^ and now Rector 
 of Brampton in tlie County of Nortbampton?[ 
 
 Through this Camp is a military w'ay, from Wal- 
 lingford, as the neighbours believe, to Banbury. 
 
 They call tliis Akeman-flreet-way, a ridge where- 
 of [is faid tol appear for fome miles together 
 on the deep plains of often overflow’d 
 
 in winter. TBut upon a nearer view of tlie 
 courfe of Akeman-fireeti the Confular way ; it Akem*n« 
 does not pafs thither through Otmore \ but co- flreet. 
 ming down from ‘I’uchwk-grounds in the com- 
 mon road from Ailsbury to Bijiteri and paffing 
 over that marfhy vale, which gave name to the 
 neighbouring town of Merfjo, it leaves there Merfti. 
 fome tracks of a ftony ridge yet vifible and ufe- 
 ful, and crofl'es the rivulet at IVorden-pool or 
 Steanford ; where it enters the County of Ox- 
 ford and parifii of Ambrofden ; w'hence it ai- 
 cends to Black-tborn-hill, and, pafling crofs Wreeb- 
 wic-greent extends on the north-lide of Graven- 
 bull wood, over the brook at Langfordy and fo 
 leads clofe by the north-bounds of AkbeBer, as 
 far as Chefterton : | whence it goes to A'?V?- plot. p. 
 
 town’s end, and fo over Cherwell near 3 19. 
 tackley to Woodftock-park, which it enttrs near 
 /^ooWK-gate, and pafles out again at Maplem- 
 W'ell near Stunsfield-Jliky whence it holds on a- 
 eaili as far as Stimsfield j and all this way in a 
 rais’d bank. But here breaking off (though 
 ftill keeping it’s name) it goes over the Even- 
 lode to IVikoty and fo to Ramfdenj a little be- 
 yond which village, at a place call’d Witty-greeny Witty-green 
 it may be feen again for a little way j but from 
 thence to ABally, over AJlal-bridge j and fo 
 through the fields till it comes to Brodwell-grovey 
 it is Icarce vifible i but there it is as plain a- 
 eain as any where elfe, liolding a ftrait courfe 
 into Gloceftcrfhire, and fo towards Bathey the 
 old Akeman-ceafler. 
 
 There is indeed, an old way which items to 
 have led ftom AkheHer to JVallingford, part 
 whereof is to be feen at this day, running 
 quite crofs Otmore ; but it is not by any means 
 the Aheman-fireet, though the people hereabouts 
 call it by that name. There are in this County 
 feveral branches running from this-great road, 
 
 I which 
 
3°3 
 
 DOBUNl. 
 
 Wellon. 
 
 Merton. 
 
 p.50. 
 
 rig E.„ 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 which arc dcfcrib’d at large by the curious Dr. 
 Plot in his iiarur.il Hiilory of this County ; to 
 ■whorri the Reader is refcr’d for a more dillindt 
 Information concerning them. 
 
 At a little diftance is IVefion on the green, 
 the feat of a branch of the Family of Noris i 
 and Merton^ wliore was found a Danifh Spur, 
 + Mon. Dan. anfwering the figure of that in f Olaiis IVormi- 
 1. I. c. 7. _ «5 j whicii, together with the meeting of two 
 '•military ways near it, induc’d a late Author to 
 believe that this is the very place where 
 tbelred and Ailjred fought with the Danes, in 
 the year 871.I 
 
 But where the Chcrvvel flows along with the 
 Ifis, and meets it ; and where their divided 
 flnanis rtiake fcvcral little fweet and pleafant 
 lilands ; is feated on a riling Vale the moft fa- 
 mous Univerlity of Oxford, in Saxon Oxen- 
 pop6 i our molt noble Athens, the feat of our 
 Hnglifli Mufes, the Prop and the Pillar, nay 
 the Sun, the Eye, the very Soul, of the Nati- 
 on : 'I'he moft celtbrated Fountain of Wifdom 
 and Learning, from whence Religion, Letters, 
 and good Manners, are plentifully diffufed thro’ 
 the v\iiole Kingdom. A delicate and moft beau- 
 titul City, whether we refpeff the neatnefs of 
 private buildings, or the ftatelinefs of publick 
 ftructures, or the hcaltliy and pleafant lituati- 
 on.For the plain on which it ftands, is v^alledin, 
 * See before, as it were, with hills of * u-ood; which keeping 
 p. 2J1. out on one fide the peftilential fouth-wind, and 
 on the other, the tempeftuous W'eft, admit on- 
 ly the purifying eaft, and the north, w'hich dif- 
 perfes all unwholfom vapours. From which de- 
 lightful lituation, Authors tell us, it was hereto- 
 fore call’d BelloJttujn. Some writers fanfy that 
 this City, in the Britifh times, had the name of 
 Caer-Vbrtigern and Caer-Vember, and that it was 
 built by God knows what J/ortigerns or M.em- 
 pries. Whatever it’s name was under the Bri- 
 tains, it is certain the Saxons call’d it Oxen- 
 popo ; in the fame fc'iife, no doubt, as the Greci- 
 ans had their Eofphorm, and the Germans their 
 Odenfm upon the river Oder ; that is, a ford of 
 Oxtn. In which fenfe, it is ftill call’d by the 
 Wclfli, Phid-Tchen. Yet Leland, with fome 
 fhew' of probability, derives the name from the 
 river Om, in Latin Ms, and believes it to have 
 been heretofore call d Omford lince the little 
 Iflands which the river here makes, are call’d 
 Oufuey. 
 
 W ife Antiquity (as we read in our Chroni- 
 cles} did even in the Britifh age confecrate 
 this place to the Jvlules ^ whom they tranfplant- 
 ed hitlier, as to a more fertile nurfery, from 
 V. WiitJhhe^Greck-lade, now afmall town in Wiltfhire. A- 
 and Glocefier- lexander Necham writes thus, Italy challenges 
 Divinity and the Liberal 
 Cregiada. ' preferable to all other Cities Wif- 
 
 Lib. 2. de na- aijo, and Learning, have long flonrifh’d at Ox- 
 tura rerum. tord ; and according to the prophecy of Merlin, fball 
 in due time pafs from thence to Ireland. But in the 
 Saxon age (rcmaikrble for the continual ruin 
 and fubverlion of towns and citieSj) this place 
 underwent the common fate j and, during many 
 
 But afterivards the penitent King cleans’d the San- 
 Huary, rebuilt the Monaflery, rejiord the old endo-o:- 
 ment, and added new pofjejjions ; and at lafi Roger 
 Bifljop of Salisbury gave the place to one Wimund 
 a very learned Canon Regular, who there fettled a 
 perpetual Society of fuch Regular Canons for the fer- 
 vice of God ; f and became the firft Prior of them 1 
 But, leaving thefe matters, let us return to the 
 Univerlity. The Danifh ftorms being pretty or, 
 well blow-n over, that pious Prince King JR\. 
 fred reftor’d the Mules (who had fufter’d a 
 long exile) to their former habitation, and 
 built three Colleges, one for Grammarians, ano- 
 ther for Philofophers, and a third for Divinity. 
 rOf which, John Roufe of Warwick gives this 
 account ; that the firft was founded attheEaft- 
 end of Higls-flreet, endow’d with competent Sa- 
 laries for twenty fix Grammarians, and call’d 
 Little-Vniverfity-HaU : the fecoiid in School-flreet, 
 for the maintenance of twenty fix Students in 
 Logick and Philofophy, and call’d the 
 verJity-HaU : and the third in High-flreet, near 
 to the firft, but higher to the Weft, with en- 
 dowment for twenty fix Divines, and call’d 
 Great-Vuiverjity-Hall, now Univerfity-College.l 
 But you have a yet larger account of this, in the 
 old Annals of the Monaftory of Winchefter : 
 
 In the year of our Lord DCCCVI, in the fecond 
 year of St. * Grimbald’s coming over into England, -rj , 
 the Univerfity of Oxford was founded ; the firfi Ae-gof aron 
 gents there, and Readers in Divinity, were St. NeotSix, 
 an Abbot and eminent Profeffor of L’heology, and S. 
 Grimbald an eloquent 'and mofi excellent Interpreter 
 of the holy Scriptures : Grammar and Rhetorick were 
 taught by Afferhn a Monk, a man of extraordinary 
 learning .- Logick, Mv.fick, and Arithmetkk, were 
 read by John, Monk of St. Davids : Geometry and 
 Afircmmy were profef s’ d by John a Monk and Col- 
 legue of St. Grimbald, a man of a fftarp wit and 
 imnienfe knowledge. "Thefe Leciures were often ho- 
 nour d with the prefence of the mofi illufiriom and 
 invincible Monarch King AElfred, wbofe memory to 
 every judiciom tafle fhall be always fweeter than ho- 
 ney. Soon after this (as we read in a very fair 
 MS. copy of that Aflerius, who was himfelf 
 at the fame time a Profcfibr in this place ; 
 
 rplor^of fome other Writer who has added ^ Uffer. Pn- 
 
 r r , ' ' ' ’ D **‘“‘*/ tain d, that before the comin? of Grvmhnid to Ox~ 
 
 ITk: b«tthereliques>rd, learning did here fiourifi/though the Students 
 
 rndefividc. ct Su Fridefvside, a Virgin of great ellcem for 
 the fanctity of her life, and firft reputed a Saint 
 on this occafion ; When by a folemn vow file 
 had devoted her felf to the' fervice of God and 
 a fingle life. Lari A!gar courted her for a wife 
 and purfuing her, \\'as miraculoully (as the Sto- 
 \) Sfff) ftruck blind. This Lady (as we read 
 in William of Malmesburv) built here a Religi- 
 ous heufe M a trophy of her preferv’d Virginity in- 
 to which Monafiery, when, in the time of Etbehed, 
 Jeveral Danes Jentenc d to death were fed for refuge 
 
 the relation to the hiftory of Aflerius,)! theremosi. p. i 4 . 
 arofe a fharp and grievom diffention between Grym- 
 bold and thofe learned men whom he brought hither 
 with him, and the old fcholars whom he found here 
 at his coming for thefe abfolutely refus’d to comply 
 with the Statutes, Infiitutions, and Forms of reading, 
 preferib d by Grymhold. The difference proceeded to 
 no great height for the fpace of three years, yet there 
 was always a private grudge and enmity between them, 
 which foon after broke out with the greatefi violence 
 imaginable. To appeafe thefe tumults, the mofi in- 
 vincible King JElfred, being inform’d of the FaEiion 
 by a meffnge and complaint from Grymbold, came to 
 Oxford with defign to accommodate matters, and fub- 
 mitted to a great deal of pains and patience to bear 
 the caufe and complaint of both parties. The con- 
 troyerfie depended upon this j The old Scholars main- 
 
 were then lefs in number than they had formerly 
 beest, by reafon that very many of them had been ex- 
 pell dby the cruel tyranny of Pagans. They further 
 declar d and prov’d, and this by the undoubted te- 
 flimony of their ancient Annals, that good orders and 
 confiitutions for the government of that place had been 
 rnade before by men of great piety and learning, 
 fuch as Gildas, Melkin, Ninnius, Kentigern, and 
 Qthei’S, who had there proficuted their fiudies even 
 to old age, and manag d all things happily with 
 peace and quiet : and that St. German coming to Ox- 
 
 i-a j c I I tfutct . uiui t/JUl or. cri 
 
 - Saxons burnt them and the houfe together, and refiding there half a year, whattimeke 
 
 went 
 
OXFORDSHIRE. 
 
 306 
 
 through all England to prmch down the Pelagi-‘liortiHi:d -with large trenches and rampires j 
 Herejj, did exceedingly approve of their rules and! and in it * a Paridl-Church dedicated to St. * .'I CliurcB 
 
 orders, '‘the King, with iucredihle humility, and 
 great attention, heard out both parties, earnejily ex- 
 horting them with piom and healing Entreaties, to 
 preferae love and amity with one another. Upon this, 
 he left them, in hopes that both parties would follow 
 his advice, and obey his inflntllms. But Grymbold 
 refentiiig thefe proceedings, retir'd immediately to the 
 Monajlery at Winchefier. which King .Alfred had 
 lately founded : and foon after, he got his tomb to 
 be remov’d thither to him ; in which he had defign d 
 his bones fkould be put after his deceafe. Ehis was in 
 avaiih under the chancel of the Church of St. Peters in 
 Oxford ; which Church the faid Grymbold had raifed 
 from the ground, of Jlones hewn and carv’d with 
 great art and beauty. 
 
 This happy Reftanration of Learning re- 
 ceiv’d two or three interruptions in the ipacc of 
 a few years. For in the reign of King Ethel- 
 dred, the Danes fack’d and burn’d the City ; 
 i (probably, out of revenge for the injuries which 
 they had done them in the year 1002 , when, 
 upon the King’s Commiffion to kill all the 
 Ihnes in England, the Execution at Oxford 
 was more particularly ferere : )1 And foon af- 
 ter, Harold firnam’d * Barefoot, was fo in- 
 4 iCTipK. againfl: the place for the death of fome 
 
 of his friends in a tumult, and profecuted his 
 revenge in fo barbarous a manner, that the 
 Scholars were miferably driven from their 
 ftudics ; and the Univerfity, a fad fpeSacle, lay 
 as it were expiring, till the time of the Con- 
 querour ; when (as fome fay) he. alfo befieg’d 
 and took this City : but thofe who write fo, 
 fmay poffiblyl have been impos’d on, by read- 
 ing in faulty copies Oxonia inftead of Exonia. 
 [However, all the Copies of Matthew Paris and 
 Roger PEendover call it Oxonia ; which is con- 
 firm’d as well by other Authorities, as an old 
 Tradition, that while the Conqueror was in his 
 march to the north, for the quiet of thefe parts, 
 he came to Oxford ; which refufing to yield to 
 him, and a foldier from the wall highly affron- 
 ting him, he {form’d it on the north-fide ; and 
 getting poflelEon, gave the greateft part of the 
 City to Rtibert de Oily ; who, in the Survey, had, 
 within the walls and without, forty two hou- 
 fes inhabited, and eight lying wafte.l And that 
 it was even then a place of ffudy, we may 
 learn from the exprefs words of Ingulphus who 
 flouriftl’d in that age ; / Ingulph being firfl placed 
 at Weftminfter, was afierward remov’d to the Study 
 of Oxford, where, in the learning of Ariflotle, I m- 
 prov’d beyond mofl of. thofe who were of etyuaf years 
 with me, &c. For what we now call Univerh- 
 ties they called Studies^ s-S I fliall by and by ob 
 ferve , [and, tho* fome have doubted, •whether 
 lAnn ,(58 a palfage -was genuine, the f Ediths of In- 
 ' nilphm found it in all the Copies. 1 Howler, 
 about this time the City was fo iropoveriflid, 
 that whereas (according to the General Survey; 
 there were reckoned within and without the 
 walls feven hundred and fifty houfes, belides 
 twenty four manfions upon the walls ; five 
 hundred of them were not able to pay the 
 geld or tax ; When (to fpeak from the autho- 
 rity of the fame Domefday-book) this City paid 
 for toU and gable and other cufloms, yearly to the 
 King, tvjenty pounds and fix fextaries of honey, and 
 to Earl Algar ten pounds. A little while alter, 
 Robert de Oily, a noble Norman before-menti- 
 on’d, when for the reward of his fervices he 
 had received from the Conqueror a large por- 
 tion of hands in this county ; he did 1 (by 
 order of the King, who doubted of the 
 Fidelity of thofe Parts,)! build a caitle on 
 the Vreft-fide of the City [Anno 
 
 George j to which tlie Parifliioners not having^'’ Canons 
 free accefs, wlicn the Emprefs Maud was dofe- 
 ly befieg’d in this cafUe by King Stephen, Aufiin. 
 the Chapel of St. Thomas hard by r(weft- Ofen. which 
 W'ard from the Caftle,)! w'as built for that pur- 
 pofe. He is fuppofed likewife to have furroun-p 
 ded the City with new Walls, w'hich Age is 
 now wearing away apace. Robert his Nephew, 
 fon of his brother Nigel, Chamberlain to King 
 Henry the firfl, by perfuafion of his wife Edith, 
 daughter of Earn, who had formerly been Con- 
 cubine to that Prince, did, in the iftand-mea- 
 dows nigh the Cafile, build Ofeney Abbey, which Ofeney Ab- 
 the ruins of the walls flill fhew to have been 
 very large. THereby fhe defigned to expiate 
 the fins of her former unchaft life j and, to pre- 
 vail with her husband, told him a ftory of the 
 chattering of Birds, and the Interpretation of 
 a Fri.ar ; which Legendary tale, Leland tells 
 us, was painted near her Tomb in that Abbey.! 
 
 At the fame time (as we read in the Regi-DIvinity* 
 fter of the faid Abbey of Ofeney) Robert Pu- Lefture?. 
 lein began to read the holy Scriptures at Oxford, 
 
 •which were before grown almofi out oj ufe in En- 
 gland. "This perfon, aftei' he had much profited the 
 Englijh and French Churches by his good doBrine, was 
 invited to Rome by Pope Lticim 2 , and promoted to 
 the dignity of Chancelkur of that See. To the fame 
 purpofe, John Ropi6 of Warwick writes thus. By 
 the care of King Henry the firfl, the LeBure of Di- • 
 
 vinity, which had been long intermitted, began again 
 to flourijh, and this Prince built there a new Palace, 
 which was afierward converted, by King Edward 
 the fecond, into a Convent for Carmelite Friers. But 
 long before this converfion, there was born in 
 that Palace the truly Lion-hearted Prince, King 
 Richard the firfl, commonly call’d Ceur de Lion, R{chard ccuf 
 a Monarch of a great and elevated Soul, born de Lion, 
 for the glory of England and protection of the 
 Chriflian World, and for the terror and con- 
 fufioii of Pagans and Infidels. Upon wheffe 
 death a Poet of that age has thefe tolerable 
 verfes : 
 
 Vifeera Carkohm, corpus, Fans fervat Ebrardi, 
 
 Et cor Rothomagum, magne Ricbarde, tuum. 
 
 In tria dividitur unm, qui plusfuit mo, 
 
 Nec fuperefl uno gloria tanta viro. 
 
 Hie Richards jaces, fed mors ft cederet armis, 
 ViBa timore tut, cederet ipfa tuts. 
 
 Great Richard’s body’s at Fontevrault ■ 
 fhown, { 
 
 His bowels at Carlifle, his head at Roan, 
 He now makes three, becaufe too great < 
 for one. 
 
 ; but death had fear’d 
 
 Richard lies dead ; 
 his power, 
 
 Could this proud Tyrant own a Conquerour. 
 
 rUpon the ground of the Chamber wherein 
 this Prince was born, the Carmelites built a 
 Belfrey and Tower, of which they ufed to 
 
 boaft, as the place of his Nativity.! 
 
 The City being thus adorn d with build- 
 inss, many Students began to flock hither as 
 to the common Mart of Learning and Virtue. 
 So that learning here quickly reviv d. chiefly 
 through the care of the forefaid Robert Pulem, a 
 Man born to promote the Intereif of the lear- 
 ned World, -who fpar’d no trouble nor pains to 
 deanfe and open the fountains of the Mufes 
 q (whiclT 
 
3°7 
 
 DOBUNL 
 
 (which had been fo milerably dried and obftru- 
 cted) under the favour and proteftion of King 
 Henry the hrft, King He>2ry the fecond, and Ri- 
 chard his fon, whom I mention’d juft now. 
 And he met with fuch fuccefs in his endea- 
 vours, that in the reign of King John, there 
 were three thoufand Students in this place, 
 who went away all together, fome to Readings and 
 fome to Cambridge, \ Maidflone, Salisbury, and o- 
 rher places, 1 when they could no longer bear 
 the abufes of the rude and infolent Citizens j 
 but when thefe tumults were appeas’d, they 
 foon after return’d. [This happen’d An. 1209, 
 the 10'*’ of King j^o/jK, upon a Clerk in Ox- 
 ford accidentally killing a woman •, and com- 
 plaint being made to the King then at IVood- 
 /kek, he commanded two of the Scholars (who, 
 upon fufpicioii of that fad, had been impri- 
 fon’d by the Towns-men) to be immediately 
 hang’d without the City-walls, 'rids fo much 
 offended and frighted the poor Scholars, that 
 they all delerted the Town. But the Inhabi- 
 tants, being fcon fenfible of the defolation and 
 poverty which they had brought upon them- 
 felves, did upon their knees deprecate the fault, 
 at IVefiminRer, before Nicholes the Pope’s Le- 
 gate, and fubmitted to publick Penance. Upon 
 which, the difperfed Scholars, after five years 
 abfcnce, return’d to Oxford, and obtain’d new 
 Privileges,- for their more e/eH«^/proteftion.l 
 EflabUllnnent Then, and in the times following, as Di- 
 df the Uni- vine Providence feem’d to fet apart this Ci- 
 
 be hereby propagated and encouraged : and that out of 
 men of the Catholick Communion, furnifhed luith fuj- 
 ficient abilities, nuo Jhould be chofen for the profeJikn 
 of each T'ongue. For the maintenance of which Pro- 
 fejfors in Oxford, all the Prelates m England, Scot- 
 land, Ireland and IVdles, and all Monafleries, Chap- 
 ters, Convents, Colleges, exempt and not exempt, and 
 all ReSlors of Parijh-Churches, Jhould make a yearly 
 contribution. In which words one may ealiiy ob- 
 ferve, that Oxford was the chief School in En- 
 gland, Scotland, Wales and Ireland i and that 
 thofe places which we now call Academies and 
 
 verlity. 
 
 ty for a feat of the Mufes, fo did the fame 
 Providence rrdfe up a great number of excel- 
 lent Princes and Prelates, who exercis’d their 
 piety and bounty in this place for the promo- 
 ting and encouraging of Arts and good Litera- 
 ture. And when King Henry the third came 
 hither and vilited the Shrine of S. Fridefwide, 
 which w'as before thought a dangerous crime 
 ill any Prince, and fo took aw'ay that fuper- 
 ftitious fcruple, which had before hindred leve- 
 ral Kings from entring within the walls of Ox- 
 ford : He here conven’d a Parliament to adjuft 
 the differences between him and the -Barons, 
 and at that time confirm’d the privileges granted 
 to the Univerfity by his Predecelfors, and ad 
 ded fome new ones of his ow'u. After which, 
 the number of learned men fo far increas’d, as 
 to afford a conftaiit fupply of perfons qualified 
 with divine and human know'ledge, for the 
 difeharge of Offices in Church and State. So 
 that Matthe-o) Paris exprefly calls Oxford, 'the fe- 
 cond School of the Church after Paris, nay the very 
 joundation of the Church. TThe occafion upon 
 which he gave the Univerfity fucli an honou- 
 rable title, An. 1 2^6, was the Biffiop of Lin- 
 coln’s encroaching upon the Liberties of the 
 Univerfity. Whereupon they fent Delegates to 
 the King at St. Albans ; to whom he -made this 
 ■remsrkafele Addr-efs in -belialf of them : 0-our 
 Lord {for the Lord’s fake) take care -of the Cdmrch, 
 which is now in a tottering fate, the Vniverjity of 
 Paris, the mother and mifirefs of fo many holy Pre- 
 lates, is greatly diflurbed. And if the Univerfity of 
 Otford (which is the fecond School of the CImxh, 
 yea the very foundation of the Church) be difiurbed 
 at the fame time, it is much to be feared, that the 
 v)hoJe Church will be ruined and undonel] For the 
 Popes of Rome had before honour’d this place 
 with the title of an Univerfity j which, at that 
 time, in their Decretals, they allow’d only to 
 Paris, Oxford, Rononia, and Salamanca, And 
 in the Council of Vienna, it was determin’d. 
 That Seboob for the Hebrew, Arabic, and Chaldee 
 tongues fhould be e)-eBed in the Studies of Paris, Ox- 
 ford, Bononia, and Salamanca (as the moft emi- 
 nent,) that the knowledge of thofe Languages might 
 
 Univerfities, were in former ages fitly call’d ^S®*’^** 
 Studies : as St. Hierom fpeaks of the r" 
 
 Studies of France. For the name of 
 for publick Schools of Learning, obtain’d lirft*^^*"* 
 about the reign of King Henry the third, and, 
 if I am not miftaken, this word did not at firft’ 
 fo much fignifie the Place of ftudy, as the So- 
 ciety of Students. But perhaps this may feem 
 out of my road. 
 
 Now, the worthy Patrons and Favourers ofColIeges, 
 Learning began to furnilh the City and Suburbs and 
 with ftately Colleges, Halls, and Schools, and*‘*‘°°'‘- 
 to endow them with ample Revenues ; (for be- 
 fore this time, the greateft part of the Univer- 
 fity flood without North-gate:} In the reign 
 of King Henry the third, John Balkl of Bernard- ros. 
 caftle, who died in the year 1269, Father ofBalM-Cd: 
 John Baliol King of Sms, founded BalioI-Col-''S'- 
 lege, and gave name to it. fDuring his life, he fet- 
 tled yearly Exhibitions upon fome Scholars, till 
 he fhould provide them a fit hotife and other ac- 
 commodations. And at his death, a little before 
 Whitfuntide, An. lafip, he recommended to his 
 Wife and Executors this pious projea Upon 
 which, his Relict Deruorguill fettl’d thofe Ex- 
 hibitioners in a Tenement which Ihe hir’d of 
 the Univerfity in ^Horjmunger-fireet now Can- Canditih. 
 ditch, and preferib’d Statutes for their govern- 
 ment. An. 1282. Afterwards in the year 1 2 84. Mar. ’i-Hifl. 
 Ihe purchas’d another tenement near the Cime 
 place, call’d Mary s-Hall ; and when Ihe had re- 
 pair’d it, the Society were here fettled by her 
 Charter; confirm’d by her fon Uxjohn de Ba- 
 liol, afterwards King of Scots, and by Oliver 
 Bilhop of Lincoln.! Soon after, Walter Ma-M„Bn.CoI- 
 ton, Bifhop of KocheHer, transferr’d the College lege, 
 which he had built fat Maldoni in Surrey, in the ° ’ 
 year* 1254, to Ox/ord, f(viz.to St. Aai«;/?-*i274, c, 
 
 ftreet,) ann. izSy;! which he endowed, and call’d St, John Bap-, 
 AferteB-College, [and it received the laft Statutes 
 
 wife Founder’ in the year 1274.1“ 
 
 William Archdeacon of Durham repair’d and re- 
 llor’dthe Foundation ofrimg Alfred; now rail’d 
 Univerftty-Co\hge. (Which reftoration is by 
 Stow and Holinfhed aferib’d to William Caer- 
 Uph Bilhop of Durham, in the reign of Willi- 
 am the Conquerour : and by Leland, as fellly, 
 to William Shirvmd Chancellor of Lincoln. But 
 undoubtedly it belongs to William Archdeacon 
 of Durham, who, dying in the year 1 2,49, left 
 three hundred and ten Marks to the Cluncel- 
 lour and Mailers of the Univerfity for the main- 
 tenance of ten, eleven, or twelve. Mailers ; 
 with which money, about thirty years after 
 the Donor’s death, a Society was here eila- 
 blifh d An, 12^0, and their Statutes preferib’d 
 by the Univerfity in the year 1292. This 
 College hath been lately much enlarged by the 
 generous Benefadion of Dr. John Raddiff; who 
 gave by Will the Sum of five thoufand pounds, 
 for new building of the Mailer’s Lodgings, to- 
 gether with Chambers for two new Fellows, 
 by him inilituted for the fludy of Phyfick ; 
 for whofe maintenance an honourable Salary 
 is alfo appointed, for ten years ; the half of 
 which time at kaft (as the words of the Will 
 
 are) 
 
'Pt 
 
 0 XF 0 RDS H lit E. 
 
 !IO 
 
 are) the^ are to travel in parts beyond Sea^ for 
 their better Improvement?\ 
 
 About the time of the faid Reftoration, the 
 Scholars liaving been fomewhat rude to Otto the 
 Pope's Legate (or father his Horfe-leach, fent hi- 
 ther to fuck the bipod pf the poor people,) they 
 were Excommunicated, and treated with great 
 feverity. At which time, as Richard ot Armagh 
 tells ^s, there were reckon’d in this Univerfity 
 no Jefs than thirty thoufand Students. 
 
 Under Edxoard 2. l^^alter Stapledon Bifhop of 
 Exeter.Col- E%eter built £xefer-College and Hart-HtiW. f Up- 
 U|e. on his hrft defign of a Foundation tor Scho- 
 Hart-Hall. purchas’d Hart-Hally and Arthur-Iiall, 
 
 ^rthur-Ha ^ ^ there inftituted a Society 
 
 |br a Redtor and twelve Scholars. But finding 
 the place too narrow for his defign, he bought 
 ground for a new fite in the Parith ot S. Mildred-, 
 and, having built convenient Lodgings, he 
 tranfiated his Society to this houfe, call’d at 
 iiril Stapkdoris-Im, and then Ex^^er-College.! 
 
 P , 'Lhe fame King Edward the fecoiid, af- 
 Onal-toi- example, built a Royal College, com- 
 
 S?Msry monly call’d Orial and St. Mzry-Hall. fFor 
 Hall. the honour of the Foundation of this College 
 is attributed to King Edward the fecond, tho’ 
 he did little more than grant Licence to Adam 
 de Brorn his Almoner (Apr. 20. 1 3 24.) to build 
 and endow a College to be call’d by the name 
 of St. Marfs Houfe. To this Society King Ed- 
 ward the third, in the firft year ot his reigiv 
 
 carrying-on the quarrel with open arms and 
 all manner of hoftility ; upon which the Nor- 
 thern-men retir’d to Stanford, and begun to 
 fet-up publick Schools there. But after a few 
 years, when the ftorm was blown over, and the 
 feuds forgot, they all return’d hither, and Sta- 
 tutes were enafted to prohibit all perfons from 
 profefling at Stanford, to the prejudice of Ox- 
 ford. 
 
 About that time, IVilliam Wickham, Bi-New-College 
 fhop of WincheHer, built a magnificent Stru- 
 dture, call’d A^ete-College, (into which the ri- 
 pcfl Lads are every year tranfplanted from his 
 other College at WincheHer.) TThe defign of 
 this College was laid in the year and 
 
 the faid Prelate, having at feveral times pur- 
 chas’d ground fufficieiit for it, obtain’d the 
 King’s Licence, (June 30. An. 1379. 3 Ri- 
 chard the 2*^3) and on the 5'^ of March follow- 
 ing, did himfelf lay the firft Stone. It was 
 finilh’d An. 1386, and on April the 14’^*^ the 
 Warden and Fellows were admitted with fo- 
 lemn ProcflTion.l Then, Richard Angervil, Bi- 
 ftiop of Durham, call'd Philobiblos, or, I'he Lo- 
 ver ot Books, began a publick Library. TAt 
 his death. An. 1345', he left his voluminous 
 Library to Z)w/ja?«-College, with liberty of ac- 
 cefs, upon certain conditions, to all Scholars. 
 
 At the difiolution of wEich houfe, in the reign 
 of Henry the eighth, fome of the Books of this 
 admirable collection were remov’d to the Pub- 
 
 gave a Tenement c.ill’d Le Oriele ; on w'hich lick Library, fome to ^^3/io/-College, and fome 
 ground ftands the College fb called. The pre- came into the hands of Ur. George Ovoen, a Phy- 
 
 Queens'Col* 
 
 lege. 
 
 lent St. Mary-Hall was a long time the Parfo- 
 nage-houfe to the Redors ot St. Mary s ', which 
 Church, with it’s appurtenances, being appro- 
 priated by K. Edward 2, An. 1325. to the Col- 
 lege then founded by Adam de Brom, the houfe 
 came alfo into their pofleffion, and was foon af- 
 ter appropriated to the refideiice of Students .1 
 t3i 8. About this time, the Hebrew tongue be- 
 Regift.^Mon. gan to be read by a Jewifll Convert, /or vjhofejii- 
 Hide. Clerk in Oxford contributed one penny for 
 
 eoje-ry mark of his Ecclefiafiical Revenue. 
 
 After this, Philippa wife of K. Edward 3. 
 built ^wom-College. FFor to her it owes it’s 
 name,' but it’s Foundation to her Chaplain Ro- 
 bert de Eglesfield, Reftor of Burgh under Stan- 
 more in Weftmoreland ; w'ho, by^the Queen s 
 favour, in the year 1340, purchas’d the ground 
 and erefted a Collegiate-Hall to be call’d Aula 
 Scholarium Regina de Oxon. The Revenues of 
 it have been much improved by feveral Benefa- 
 aors ; and, under the government ot the late 
 Dr. ifimothy Halm, was built a very fair Li- 
 brary. It w^as begun upon occafion of the Le- 
 gacy of Dr. T'homm Barlow, the learned Bifhop 
 of Lincoln, and formerly Provoft of this Col- 
 lege, who by Will beftow’d upon it the greateft 
 part of his Books j giving the reft to Bodley s 
 Library, whereof he had been Keeper. A 
 later Beiieftaor, Sir fofeph WiUiarrifon, Prin- 
 cipal Secretary of State to King Charles the 
 fecond, befides many other teftimonies of his 
 regard to this College (as the place of his edu-- 
 cation,) bequeathed to it by Will the Sum of 
 fix thoufand Pounds 3 and this encouraged the 
 then Proi’oft Dr. William Lancafler, to lay the 
 found.9.tion of a new College, which (by the 
 addition of his own large Bounty, and of other 
 Benefa,ftions) was a good w'ay advanced before 
 his death, and, when finifhed, will be a very 
 ftately, curious, and complete Fabrick .1 Al- 
 fo, Simon If ip, Arch-bifhop of Canterbury, built 
 Canterbury- Canterbury-College. 
 
 College. The Scholars now abounding in peace and 
 
 Nortbernandpjgj^^y^ grew infolent, and divided into the 
 faftions of the Northern and Southern men,' 
 
 fician of Godfiow, who bought the faid College 
 of Edw^ard the fixth .1 His Succefibr fhomas if Durham-Col« 
 Hatfield built Durbam-Collcgo. for the benefit oflege. 
 the Monks at Durham, fw'hich was turnillicd 
 and endowed by that great and generous Pre- 
 late, Richard de Bury?i Richard Fleming, Bifhop , r t 
 of Lincoln, foiihded Lincoln-College. fThis was[^^”g° 
 begun An. 1427. (<5 of Henry the fixth,) for a 
 Seminary of Divines to confute the Doctrines 
 of Wiclif; and (lightly endow’d wdth the Ap- 
 propriation of three Parifh-Churches in Oxford : 
 and therefore wanted another Founder, ‘T’homas 
 Rotheram, Bifhop of Lincoln, who in the year 
 1475. finifti’d the building of the College, en- 
 creas’d their Revenues, and gave them Statutes, 
 
 An. i47p. And, lately, they have receiv’d a 
 very confiderable Augmentation of Revenue, 
 from the generous Bounty of the Lord Crew, 
 the prefent Bifhop of Durham 3 by which, the 
 Head, and every Fellow and Scholar, is in ac- 
 tual pofleffion, for himfelf and Succeflbrs, of a 
 comfortable * addition to his former Support .1 ^ l. 
 
 About the fame time, the Benedictine 
 Monks fas is commonly faid 1 built GloceHer- Every Fel- 
 College at their own proper coll and 
 ges, where were conftantly maintain d two or^^^ 
 three Monks of every Houfe of that Order, ciark, 10 U 
 who afterwards were to be Readers or Profef-beiides othec 
 fors in their refpective Convents. FBut it ap- 
 pears by other accounts, that it was built by 
 fohn Giffard Baron of Brimsjield ; who, in the 
 ii'J* ot Edward the ift, for the good of his 
 foul and that of Maud de Longfpe his wife, 
 founded this Cell for the maintenance of thir- 
 teen Monks, from the Benedictine^Coiivent of 
 Glocefter. At the fuppreffion of Religious- 
 houfes, it was given by Henry the eighth for a 
 Palace to the Bilbops of Oxford 3 but, return- 
 ing to the Crown, was at laft purchas’d by Sir 
 fho7nas White, Founder of Sc. ^(j/;«’s-CoIlege ; 
 and being conveyed to the ufe of Principal and 
 Scholars, was call’d Glocefler-hall. But it hath 
 been fince erected into a College, under the Hall, 
 name of Worcefier-College 3 being endow d by Sir Worcefter- 
 Tfhomca Coke, a Gentleman of that County .1 College. 
 
 To 
 
0 
 
 D 0 B U N L 
 
 VlI. 
 
 To fay nothing of the Canons of St. FrideJ- 
 loidei there were erefted no lefs than four beauti- 
 ful Cells of Friars in the Suburbs, wherein there 
 often flourifh'd Men of confiderable learning. 
 
 In the next age, during the reign of King 
 Henry 5, Henry Chichley Arch-bifliop of Can- 
 terbury, founded two eminent Colleges one of 
 which he dedicated to the memory of All-Souls. 
 All-Souls- fThis College was begun by the faid Arch- 
 College. bifhop (after the Foundation of a College and 
 Hofpital at Higham-Ferrers, the place of his na- 
 tivity) in the year 1437. He endow’d it fora 
 Warden and lorty Fellows, chiefly with the 
 lands ot Priories-AIien diil'olv’d in the fecond 
 year of Henry the filth. And, of late years, it 
 hath been greatly adorn’d with a noble Libra- 
 ry owing to the large and generous Benefa- 
 ction of Colonel IVilliam Codrington, a Member 
 of this Society ; who gave by Will fix thoufand 
 Pounds for the building thereof, and (belides his 
 own excellent Library) four thoufand Pounds 
 to be laid out in Books, for furnilhing it.l 
 , , Not long after, William Wainfiet, Bifhop 
 
 Colft’geJ” of WinebeHer, eroded Magdakn-CoUege, remar- 
 kable for the building, and fine fituation, and 
 pleafurc of the adjoyning groves and walks. fThis 
 College was founded An. 1458. on the lite and 
 lands of the diilolv’d Hofpital of St. ^o/jh’s, 
 with fo large endowments, and fuch conveni- 
 ences ot all kinds, that it is efteem’d one of the 
 moll noble Foundations in the Chriflian World.l 
 Divinity- At the fame time, the Divinity-Sthool was 
 Sehool. eroded ; a Work of fuch admirable Contri- 
 vance and Beauty, that the faying of Xeuxis 
 may julUy be inferib’d upon it. It is more eajie to 
 ennjy than to imitate this tuork. [The ground on 
 which it is built, was purchafed by the Uni- 
 verfity ann. 1427, and, upon feveral Contri- 
 butions, the Strudure was foon after begun ; 
 but was intermitted, till by the piety and boun- 
 ty of Htimjrey the Good Duke of Glocefter, it 
 was carried on, tho’ not completed till 1480.I 
 Publkk Li- Over this School was a Library, fur- 
 brary. nifh’d with one hundred twenty nine choice 
 Volumes, procur’d from Italy at the great ex- 
 pcnce of tJie fame Humphrey Duke of Gloce- 
 fler, a chief Patron and admirer of Learning. 
 FBefides which number (valued at above a thou- 
 fand pounds,) he gave one hundred twenty fix 
 Volumes more in the year I440, and in 1443 
 a much greater number, befides confiderable ad- 
 ditions at his death, three years after.) 
 However, moft of tliefe Books are long fince 
 erabezell’d and converted to private ufes. But 
 fince (may all happinefs attend it) the worthy 
 Thomas Bod- Sir Tdhowas Bodley Kt. formerly a Member of this 
 ley. Univerfity, with extraordinary charge, and in- 
 
 * Is pains, * furnifli’d a new Library in 
 
 ing, C. fame place, with the belt Books procur’d 
 
 from all parts of the World: that the Univer- 
 fity might enjoy a publick Arfenal oi Wifdom ^ 
 and himfelfjimmortalHonour. And lince it was a 
 PHn. lib. 3^,good'Cuftom of the Ancients, in all their Libra- 
 cap. 2. ries to eredt Statues of Gold, Silver, or Brafs, 
 both tothofewlio had inftituted them, and thofe 
 who had adorn’d them witli excellent Writings, 
 that Time and Age might not triumph over 
 their Memories, and that the Curiofity of Man- 
 kind might be ^ fatisfied, while they enquired 
 after them and their Characters : For this rea- 
 fon, the Chancellor of the Univerlity, at the fame 
 time providing for the memorial of himfelf, 
 did in this Library eredt a Statue of Sir T’homas 
 Bodley, that great friend and patron of Lear- 
 nii2g, with this Infcription : 
 
 THOMAS SACKVILLUS DORSET- 
 TI^ COMES, SUMMUS ANGLI.^ 
 
 THESAURARIUS, ET HUJUS ACADE- 
 MlJE CANCELLARIUS, 
 
 THOMiE BODLEIO EQUITI AURA- 
 TO, Q,UI BIBLIOTHECAM HANC 
 INSTITUIT, HONORIS CAUSSAPIE 
 POSUIT. 
 
 I'hat is, 
 
 THOMAS SACKVIL EARL OF DOR- 
 SET, LORD HIGH TREASURER OF 
 ENGLAND, AND CHANCELLOR OF 
 THIS UNIVERSITY, 
 
 PIOUSLY ERECTED THIS MONU- 
 MENT, TO THE HONOUR OF SIR 
 THOMAS BODLEY KNIGHT, WHO 
 INSTITUTED THIS LIBRARY. 
 
 [The defign of this Library was firfi laid, in 
 the year 15P7. By the pious Founder, the old 
 Library of Efoke Humphrey was repair’d, and 
 fitted for the reception of Books, 1 5pp, and 
 an additional Eaft-Gallery begun in the year 
 idio. Another Gallery on the Weft, projedted 
 by him, was rais’d, with a Houfe of Convo- 
 cation under it, An. 16^8. But all thefe being 
 too narrow to contain the vail acceflion of Books, 
 there have been new Galleries eredted over each 
 fide of the middle Ifle, chiefly to receive the 
 generous Legacy of Thomas Barloiu Lord Bi- 
 fliop of Lincoln, who had been eledted Keeper 
 of this Library, An. 1(552. And even before 
 thefe, when one views the Catalogue of printed 
 Books by Dr. Hyde, and the other of Manuferipts 
 by Dr. Bernard, he mull admire the prodigious 
 treafure, and neither envy Rome her VatkaUi 
 nor India her Gold. Very lately. Dr. Radcllff’s 
 .Radcliffe, a Phyfician of great Eminence, hathLibrary. 
 
 ; by Will left the Sum of forty thoufand Pounds 
 for the building of another Publick Library, be- 
 tween the Univerfity-Church, and the Publick 
 Schools ; together w ith an honourable Salary of 
 one hundred and fifty Pounds a year to a Keep- 
 er of the faid Library, and one hundred Pounds 
 a year for ever, to buy Books for the fame. 
 
 In the Reign of Henry the * eighth F((2 Kk. 3.)l*SfiventhjC, 
 for the further advancement of Learning, ^/-Brazen-Nofe* 
 Ham Bifhop of Lincoln, fand William 
 ton, Efq;l built Braz.en-Nofe-Qo\\e^t [(fo called 
 from a Hall, dillinguifhed by that name ; )1 
 which, ann. i’y]2- was endow’d by that pious 
 and good old man Alexander Nov:ell, Dean of 
 St. Pauls, fwith Exhibitions for thirteen Scho- 
 lars. Of late years, it hath been adorn’d with 
 a beautiful Chapel, Library, and Cloyfiers •, the 
 elegant firuCture whereof was begun in the year 
 16 $6, and the Chapel confecrated by the Bi- 
 fhop of Oxford An. i666l\ About the fameCorpus*Cbr» 
 time, Richard Fox, Bifhop of Winchefter, foun-fti’CeHegc., 
 ded Corpm-ChrifU-CoWQgQ, [which was defign’d 
 for a Seminary of Monks to the Priory of St. 
 
 YzrzY/jm in Winchefier, An. 1513. But the Foun- 
 der, diverted from that defign, and aflilled by 
 Hugh Oldham Bifhop of Exeter, eftablilh’d it 
 for a Society of Students, An. 1^16, with En- 
 dowments fo ample, and Statutes fo admira- 
 ble, as have made Very many of it’s members 
 men of Angular piety and learning.! 
 
 After thefe. Cardinal Arch-bifhop ofChrift' 
 
 York, onthefiteof the MonafieryofSt.Fri(f^/Ve,p^“““’^° 
 began the moft noble and ample Foundation oP'S®* 
 all ' others, which King Henry the eighth, with 
 the addition of Canterbury-CoWc^e, did richly 
 endow', and gave it the name of Cbrift-CImrch. 
 
 1 For after the faid Cardinal had procur’d from 
 Pope Clement the feventh a Bull for diifolving 
 two and t\venty Religious-Houfes, and for con- 
 verting 
 
OXFORDSHIRE. 
 
 314. 
 
 ries, do fo rnife the credit and efteera of Ox- 
 ford, that it may be juftly thought to exceed 
 all the Univerfities in the world. PBut above Stieldon’s 
 all other buildings, this Univerfity juftly 
 of Sheldon’s Theater^ a work of admirable con- 
 trivance, and exceeding magnificence, built by 
 the moft Reverend Father in God Gilbe>-t Shel- 
 don Archbifhop of Canterbury and Chancellour 
 of this Univerfity, An. 166S. Who, befides 
 an infinite expence upon the Structure, gave 
 two thoufand Pounds to purchafe Lands for the 
 perpetual repair of it. The Area^ within which 
 it itands, was, round the walls of it, adorn’d 
 with ineflimable reliques of Grecian and Ro- 
 man Antiquities ( oi which the greateft part iS 
 owing to the bounty of Henry Howard Earl of 
 Arundel ; fome alfo to the Executors ot Mr, 
 
 Sheldon ; others, to Sir George Wheeler, &c 5) 
 which have been lately remov’d from thence, 
 into more convenient Places, for the better pre- 
 fervationof them. 
 
 On the wefi-fide of the Theater, {lands AJlimole’s 
 Alhmole’s Mufaum, a neat and curious Edifice, Mufsum. 
 of which the lower part is a Chymical Eiabo- 
 ratory, and the firft floor on a noble afeent a 
 fpacious Hall, and the upper-chamber a Repo- 
 litory of Natural and Artificial Curiofities. The 
 greatefl part of thefe are owing to the gener^ 
 fity of Elias Apmole Efq; who has preferib’d 
 rSzen aiid'^Tlderman of London, Bernard- Statutes for the Cuflody of them 5 
 rnUeL ( both which lay almoft buried in their pofited m this place the excellent Colleaion of 
 *^n dull- ) and enlarg’d the buildings, and en- MSS. made by himfelf and by his 
 ? M them with lands, and gave them new law Sir mUiarn Dugdale. Nigh to which pub- Printing- 
 t dediert ng the former to the Holy tri- lick Buildings, is lately added a large and fiate- hou 6 . 
 latter to St. "John Baptifl. ly Printiug-Ho^o, fornilh d with all Accommo- 
 
 ■fThe firft of thefe (OnrifliK-College,) was datlons luitable to the Dehgn. , , p „ 
 
 ' granTed b^A. Edward 5 . to his Phyfician George And when we are recounting *e "°ble O^l^- 
 ,• A jn„„. . in thf> vear veniencies for Learning, with which this uni 
 
 Owen ot Go , 'fhomas Pope Kt and re- verfity is adorn’d ; we rauil not omit the P/jy- Phyfick-Gar 
 S%Te^lty^t?:rfolfoiA Vader }ckJarekn, founded hy Henry D...ers, Earl of^ea. 
 pail d and endow y ^ ,hur(l it -was Danby, in the year id3 2, and by him endowed 
 
 ®.T 3 air a?ditioi^^^^ annuaf Revenue, for the Maintenaime 
 
 rCfoT^quffitebe™^ keeping thereof. This contarnsavaft Va- 
 
 C0hJge,“at t r fpedaUy met" 'at S imptovl themfelves in Ao- 
 
 ings and revenues, has receiv d g^reat uhole body But why this digreifion ? 
 
 taSon from the liberal pie^^ Archbifliop “^very L in nfed of v 
 
 Z b“ -^h? ™und the Publick I^-gyri^ hav^ 
 
 Schools. IBut the prefentFabrick, which makes a efteem and ^dmimtion 
 
 aS ™ i S H ir“b’t,s.r.s 
 
 foundation, call’d, in honour of our Saviour, Hiftory of Ox- 
 
 ras.ColIege.2fc/w-College. [He began to build, and com 'his paft g (1 s chronicles cml 
 
 peiently endow’d it An. 1571- Si t * „tre Ttba, federal places in differeni 
 
 ciety claim alfo the honour of a p , morld and at dif event times, have been 
 
 .^.VenEli^abethswhofurmlh'dthemwi h 
 
 Timber out of two adjoymng Forefts. The Itoow i i J ^ 
 
 wife and pious Sir ieo&c Jenkins, o( aB jmh places «. 
 
 them to the ufe of two Colleges (one 
 to be° founded at Ipfwich the place ot his nati- 
 itv • the other at Oxford, to which he ow d 
 1, , cdutation.) he obtain’d the King’s Licence 
 to inftithte a College on the fite ot the Priory 
 f St Fridefucide, to be call’d Cardinal-College, 
 C„air«l Cl • defign’d for a Dean and eighteen 
 
 Canons, and projeded much greater things. 
 But before any fettlement, caihe his fatal ruin 
 ka’ sV9 "'hen, among his other vaft poflef- 
 lions, this College fell into the King’s hands 
 Who, in the year 1532. reftordmoft ot the al- 
 lotted Revenues, and had it call’d Henry the 
 Pithth’s College. But this he difiblv’d in 1543. 
 mid the year following ereded it into a Cathe- 
 dral Church for a Bilhop, a Dean, and eight 
 Canons. The beauty and honour ot this Col- 
 Irue were much advanc’d by the induftry, piety, 
 and bounty of Dr. John Fell, Dean, and Lord 
 Bifliop of Oxford ; and it hath lately been a- 
 dorii’d with a pile of Building, entirely new. 
 w’hich is very {lately, and beaudful.l T he {ame 
 mighty Prince Henry the eighth, at the expence 
 of his own Exchequer, honoured the City 
 with an Epifeopai See, fas hath been obferv d ; 1 
 and the Univerfity with publick Profeffors. And, 
 that the Mufes might ftill be courted with 
 greater favours. Sir Fhemcid Pope Kt. repair d 
 Dar/MW-CoUege. and Sir ■Thomas White, Kt. 
 
 Trinity-Col 
 
 St. John’s. 
 
 Publick 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Ann. 1^13. 
 
 State to King Charles the {econd, was fo great 
 a BenefaSor, as to be, in a maiine^ jultly 
 WaJham efteem’d another Founder. Wadham-CHie^e, 
 College defign’d by iWcfW® Wadham, fnis completed by 
 Ann. 1613. Oerothy his Relifl ; And Broaif-gate^IHll was 
 Pembroke Converted into PcmWe-College ; whofe Foun- 
 Mee dation is owing to the charity of 2 
 
 dal, and the induftry of Richard WightmehA 
 < Sixteen C Thefe Colleges, in number nineteen, behdes 
 tEight. ’c/t fix Halls..dlfomly built and tydl endow d. 
 
 ices oj jtfrik/ ^ 
 
 appears to he the moft ancient, to profefs a greater 
 variety of Imovckdge, to be more firm m adhering to 
 ae CathoUek Religion, and to enyoy 
 Boms and privileges, than any other. The Oxford 
 ‘iftronomets obferve this City to be in twenty 
 two degrees of longitude, or diftance from the 
 Fortunate Wands ; and in the northern la- 
 titude of fifty one degrees and fifty mi- 
 
 tlix Halls, an tairiy oum, , m„-ims 
 
 together with their excellent .‘ind ufeful Libra \ 
 
 Tffoon as Ifis and Chetwell have joyn'd their 
 below Oxford, the Ills with a fwift 
 
 R r 
 
 and 
 
315 
 
 BOBU ML 
 
 Tame river 
 Tame, 
 
 Clauf. 
 
 3 Hen. 3. 
 
 * Fotmdedy 
 
 C. 
 
 Lord Willi 
 atns of 
 Tame. 
 
 Ricot, 
 
 Lord Norris, 
 
 Dorchefler, 
 
 and deeper current pali'es on to the foutli, to 
 find out the "Tame^ which it feems long to have 
 fought for. Nor does it run many miles, be- 
 fore the laid Tame, rifing in the County of 
 Buehy comes and joyns it i which river, at the 
 entrance into this County, gives its own name 
 to a Market 'town of pleafant fituation among 
 rivers ; for the river Tame wafhes the north 
 part of the town, and two little brooks fhut 
 it in on the eaft and weft fides. This place 
 rfeems to liave been of fome note in the Saxon 
 timeSj for we find that in the year P70. Arch- 
 bifhop Oskytel ended his days in it j and before 
 that, Wuljere King of Mercia granted a Charter 
 in the Vill which is called "Thama. But it 1 has 
 been in a. fiouri/hing condkioriy ever ftnee Henry 
 Bifliop of Lincoln, in the reign of Henry the third, 
 brought the great road, which lay below the 
 town, through the middle of it. Alexander^ 
 that munificent Bifhop of Lincoln, Lord of this 
 Manour, to alleviate the general odium he had 
 contracted by his extravagant expences in build- 
 ing of Caftles, * refounded here a fmall Mona- 
 ftery fof the Ciftercian Order, or rather tran- 
 Ikted it hither. For it was firft founded at the 
 Village of Ottendun (and, as Leland fays, upon 
 Otmore) by Sir Robe^-t Gait Knight w'ho en- 
 dowing it w'ith five virgates of land in Otten- 
 dum, call’d it, from an adjacent wood, Ottelei. But, 
 the low fite vmaking it altogether unfit for 
 a Monaftery, it was remov’d to 'Tame, and the 
 Church there dedicated to St. Mzry,on July 21, 
 1138. the 3d of King Stephen. Of which the 
 Bilhop was afterwards reputed the founder 
 (though he only tranflated it,) and gave part 
 of his Park at Tame for the fite of it, with fome 
 other lands which had belong’d to Nigel Kyre^ 
 And many years after, the Quatermans, a Fa- 
 mily in former tithes of great repute in thefe 
 parts, built here an Hofpital for the mainte- 
 nance of poor people. But neither of thefe 
 foundations are at prefent to be feen j however, 
 
 [. inftead of them, Sir^o/;?z Williams Kt. (advan- 
 ced to the dignity of a Peer of this Realm by 
 Queen Mary, under the title of Baron Williams 
 ot Tame) founded here a beautiful School, and 
 a fmall Alms-houfe. 
 
 From hence the Tame runs near Ricot, a neat 
 feat, which belong d formerly to the Quatermans, 
 upon whofe failure of iffue-male, it was fold a- 
 way by the Fov^lers and Hernes, till it came at 
 laft into^the hands of the Lord before- 
 
 mention d, and by his daughter to the Lord 
 A/orw, whom Queen advanc’d 
 
 to the dignity of a Peer, by the title of Baron 
 Norris of Ricot ; a perfon eminent for his ho- 
 nourable defeent (being deriv’d from the Lo- 
 vels, who were allied to moft of the great fa- 
 milies in England, fby the marriage of Sir Ed- 
 ivard Norris Knight, with Tridefaide younger 
 daughter of Francis Vifeount Lovel,)^ and much 
 more eminent for his ftout and martial fons, 
 whofe valour and conduCf are fufRciently known 
 Bretagne, and Ireland. 
 
 I 1 his place Ihll continues in the family of the 
 Norris s, and was part of the pofleffion of '^ames 
 E.arl ol Abingdon, who had this honour con- 
 fer d upon him, Novemb. aj. 1682 ; and having 
 m.arry d Eleamra, one of the daughters and co- 
 heirs of Henry Lee Baronet, by her had ilTue 
 ms eldelt Ion and heir Mmirtague, the prefent 
 Earl, who marry'd the heirefs of the family and 
 eltate of the ancient and honourable Venables, 
 Earons of Kenienonl\ 
 
 The next place vifited by the Tame is 
 cheH„, calld fby Ninius and Huntingdon in 
 the Catalogue of Britifh Cities, Caer Dauri, by 
 Ahredof Beverley Caer Dorin,^ by Bede Ci-Jiti 
 
 Dorcinia, and by Leland Hydrofolis, which is a 
 name of his own invention, but well adapted 
 to tbe nature of the place. Dour fignifying wa- 
 ter in the Britifh tongue. That this was for- 
 merly a llation of the Romans, feveral of their 
 Coins, found frequently in this place, do fufE- 
 ciently attefl: ; f(and, of late, they have alfo 
 met with fome Britifh Coins, one particularly 
 of Cunobeline, with this infeription. Cum ta- 
 feia.) Afterwards,! our Hiflocies tell us, it was 
 long famous for a Bifhop’s See, founded by 
 rinm the Apoftle of the Weft-Saxons ; who ha- 
 ving baptiz’d Cinigilfe a petty King of the Weft- 
 Saxons (to whom Ofwald King of Northum- 
 berland was Godfather,) the two Kings (as Bede 
 tells us) gave the Bijhop this City, to conjlime here 
 his Epifcopal^ See. This Birinus ( as we learn 
 from the faid Bede) w'as efteem’d in that age a 
 miracle for piety and flrifinefs of life ; whence 
 a Poet of fome antiquity, who wrote his life in 
 verfe, does thus extol him ; 
 
 Dignior attoBi quim fit Tyrinthim heros, 
 
 Qiidm fin Alexander Matedo ; tyrinthim 
 hofies 
 
 Vkit, Alexander mundum, Blrinm utrun- 
 qtie. 
 
 Nee tantum vkit mundum Birinm, tr 
 hoflem, 
 
 Sedjefe kilo ^incens, & viEim eodem. 
 
 Alcides lefs than thee fhall Men pro- 
 
 claim, ^ 
 
 And^ Alexander own thy greater fame, C 
 Tho’ that his foes, and this the world ( 
 o’recame. j 
 
 With foes and world Birinus did fubdue 
 Himfelf, the vanquifli’d and the victor too. 
 
 , Hiftory of Alchefler relates this 
 
 inftance of the Veneration paid to Birinus by 
 the common People, A round hill there fiiU ap- 
 pears, 'where tbe fuperftitiom enfuing Ages built Bi- 
 rinm a Shrine, teaching them that bad any Cattle 
 amifs, to creep to that Shrine.l 
 
 This See, after four hundred and fixty years 
 continuance ( left the name and authority of a 
 Bifhop might grow contemptible from fo mean 
 and inconfiderabfe a place ; againft which mif- 
 chief a Canon had then been newly made) 
 was tranflated to Lincoln by Remigim, in the 
 time of William the Conquerour. At which time 
 (fays William of Malmsbury wlio flourifll’d in 
 that age) Dorchejler was a fmall and unfreiyuent- 
 ed Village, yet the beauty and f ate of its Churches 
 was uery remarkable, as well for the ancient work, 
 as ^^e prefent care taken of them. From that time. 
 
 It began fenfibly to decay j and the great road 
 to London w'hich lay through the town, being 
 turn d, another way, it is fo weaken’d and im- 
 poverifli’d, that though it Was formerly a Ci- 
 ty, It now fcarce deferves the name of a town. 
 
 Nor has it any thing to boaft of but the ruins 
 ot Its former greatnefs, of ^\'hich we find fome 
 figns and tokens in the adjacent fields. rForgj3t_ 21 Ja 
 the making of the river Thames navigable from i. n. 32. 
 Bircot (a place not far from hence) to Oxford, 
 a particular Statute palled in Parliament, in 
 the 2ift year of King James the ift. South 
 and by Weft of Dorcbefier, are two banks with 
 a trench between them (therefore call’d Dike- 
 hills,) W'hich, in the opinion of Dr. Plot, can- 
 not be part of any Roman way, becaufe ex- 
 tended only as a firing to the great bow of the 
 river Thames but rather a fortification, fuch as 
 P. OHorim is faid by Tacitus to have rais’d on 
 the rivers Antona and Sabrina : or elfe fome of 
 the out -works of the fortifications on Long Wi~ 
 
 tenhant- 
 
OXFORDSHIR E. 
 
 318 
 
 fairs and 
 
 Ifis p'f* 
 
 con- 
 
 filled, in 
 
 .teiiha?K-hi\\, 011 the other fide the water, which 
 perhaps was the Simiodunum of the ancient Bri- 
 tains .1 Kear DonheHer^ Tame and Ifis with 
 mutual confent joyn as it were in wedlock, and 
 mix their names as well as their waters ; being 
 * henceforth call’d T’ham-Ifis or the T’hamesy in 
 ’ like manner as the rivers ^or and Dan in the 
 Holy Land, and Dor and Dan in France ; 
 from vshich compofitions are Jordan and 
 Dordan. 'Fhis feems to have been firft ob- 
 fcrv’d bv the Author of the Rulogium Hijioria- 
 rum. Concerning the Marriage of Tame and Ifis, 
 I prefent you here with fome verfes from a 
 Poem of that title, which you may read or pafs 
 over as you pleafe. 
 
 Perfonat O' cythara qukquid vidhe priores^ 
 Pronuha ’viElura lauro velata Britona. 
 
 Hac canity ut wo- diduBa Britannia 
 mmdoy 
 
 Cum viEior rupes dinjulferit aqmre Nerem* 
 Et cur Neptuni lapidofa.grandine natum 
 Alhionem vicit nojirai delatm in oras 
 Hercules illimes lihatm T'hamifis undos : 
 Quoa hue adveniens aras facravit Vlyjfes : 
 Utque Corinao Brutm comitatm Achate 
 Occiduos adiit traBm : ut Cafar anJjelns 
 Territa qua^tis ofiendit terga Britan^ 
 nis : &c. 
 
 And after a few other Verfes * 
 
 Hie vefiit ZephyrtiS florentes g-ramine ripas, 
 Floraque neBareis redimit caput Ifidis 
 
 herbiSy 
 
 Seligit amhrojlos pulcherrima Gratia flores, 
 Contexit geminas Concordia lata corollasy 
 Extollitque fuas tadas Hymenam in ahum- 
 Naiades adifaant thalamumque thmmque 
 profunda 
 
 Stamine gemmate textum, piBifque columnis 
 Vndique fulgentem. Qualem nec Lydia Regi 
 Extruxit Pelopi, nec tUy CleopatrUy marito. 
 lllic manuhias cumulant, quos Brutm Achi- 
 uisy 
 
 Quas Brennm Grmcisy rigidm Gurmundm 
 Hibernisy 
 
 Bunduica Romanisy claris Arthurim An- 
 glh 
 
 Eripuity quicquid Scotis viBricibus armis 
 AbBulit Edvardmy virtufque Britannica 
 Gallis. 
 
 Hauferat interea fperati conjttgis ignes 
 Tama Cateuchlanum delabens monttbm, ida 
 Impatiens nefeire thorumy nupturaque grejfm 
 Acceleraty kngique dies Jibi flare viden- 
 tur, 
 
 Ambitiofa fuum donee praponere nomen 
 Pojflt amatori. Qtiid non mortalia cogit 
 * Tame. Ambitio ? notamque fuo jam nomine * uil- 
 lam 
 
 Linquity Norriflis geminans fahetCy valete. 
 Cemitur & tandem Dorceflria prifea petiti 
 Augurium latura thoriy nunc Tama refur- 
 git 
 
 Nexa comam fpiciSy nabea fuccinBa virentiy 
 Aurora fuperans digitosy vultumque Diones : 
 PeBana non lahra rofay non hmina gemma, 
 Lilia non aquant crinesy non colla pruina : 
 Utque fluitj crines madidos in terga re~ 
 
 pellity 
 
 Reddit & undanti legem fomamque capillo. 
 
 En fubito frontem placidis c fluBibm Ifis 
 Efferty & totis radios fpargentia campis 
 Aurea flillanti refplendent hmina vultu, 
 Jungit & optata nunc ofcula plurima TamaC; 
 Mutuaque explicitis inneBunt colla lacertis, 
 ofcula milk fonant, connexu brachia pal- 
 
 Labra ligant animos : tandem defeenditur 
 
 In thalamumy quo junBa Fide Concordia 
 
 far^Uy 
 
 Splendida conceptis fancit connubia verbis. 
 Vndique multifori Jtrepitat nunc tibia huxi, 
 EhBicola Nympha, Dryadesy Satyrique pe- 
 tulci 
 
 In numeros circum ludunty ducuntque choreas, 
 Dum pede concutiunt alterno gramina latiy 
 Permulcent volucres jylvaa modulamine paflimy 
 Certatimque fonat latum reparabilis Echo. 
 Omnia nunc rident, campi latantury A- 
 mores 
 
 Franatis plaudunt avibm per inania veBi : 
 
 Dixerat : unito confurgit tL unus amore 
 Latior exultans nunc nomine Tamifis 
 
 unoy 
 
 Oceanumque patrem quarens jaBantior undas 
 Promcfuet, - ■■ 
 
 Here, with foft blafts, obliging Zephyrs 
 pafs. 
 
 And cloath the flowry banks with long-liv’d 
 grafs. 
 
 The fragrant Crown, that her glad hands 
 have made. 
 
 Officious Flora puts on Ijts head. 
 
 The beauteous Graces have their bufinefs 
 too. 
 
 They brufh the weeping flowers from their 
 ambrofial dew : 
 
 Which joyful Concord does with pleafing ") 
 care I \ 
 
 Weave into Chaplets for the God-like T 
 pair : J 
 
 While Hymens mounted Taper lights the J, 
 air. J 
 
 In a fair Vault beneath the fwelling flream. 
 The Marriage-bed the bufie Naiads frame: 
 Where brighteft gems the painted columns 
 grace. 
 
 And doubly fhine with their refiedted 
 rays. 
 
 Ko fuch great Pelops kingdom could afford, 
 Hor lavifh Cleopatra for her Lord. 
 
 On this the Virgins in vaft numbers 
 pile 
 
 Proud fpoils and trophies of the conquering 
 Iflej 
 
 What Bunduic, Gurmund, Brennus, Brute 
 brought home. 
 
 From Greece, from Gaul, from Ireland, and 
 from Rome : 
 
 What mighty Arthur from the Saxons 
 won, 
 
 What Edward from the Scots, and from the 
 French his fon. 
 
 Kow had fair T'ame figh’d for her promis’d 
 fpoufe, 
 
 While down the Cateuchianian hills fhe 
 flows. 
 
 And fcarce faluting her old banks runs 
 by. 
 
 Bearing no load, but long virginity : 
 
 And this fhe feems ambitious to lay down, 
 And fee her lover’s flream augmented by 
 her own. 
 
 With a faint kifs Ihe mocks the walls of 
 T’ame, 
 
 And leaves behind her nothing but her 
 name. 
 
 Yet tho’ impatient Ifis arms to nil, 
 
 She flops to bid the Norrifies farewel. 
 
 Old DorcheBer ftands wondring at her 
 fpecd. 
 
 And gladly bids the happy match fucceed. 
 
 Naw 
 
319 
 
 DO SUN I. 
 
 320 
 
 Now does the joyful Bride new dreft 1 
 appear, I 
 
 Frefh blades of Corn tye up her golden l 
 hair, j 
 
 Her fhining gown plays with the purled | 
 air. J 
 
 Blufhing Aurora to her hand gives place. 
 Nor proud Dione boahs fo fair a face. 
 
 Her lips the rofe, her eyes bright gems 
 outdo. 
 
 Her hair the lilies,- and her skin the 
 fnow. 
 
 In flate ftie fwims, her careful hand throws 
 back 
 
 Her floating trefles on her filver neck. 
 
 Proud Ifis now his comely head difplays. 
 And cheers the drooping fields with golden 
 rays. , 
 
 Nor flays he to admire his llamas charms. 
 But throws hirafelf ( fweet load! ) betwixt 
 her arms. 
 
 Ten thoufand kifles do ten thoufand 
 rrieet. 
 
 And with their breath the Lovers fouls 
 unite. 
 
 Hence to their bed the happy pair go 
 down. 
 
 Where Faith and Concord fpeak them into 
 one. 
 
 The Pipes and Cornets echo all around. 
 While the pleas’d flream returns the grate- 
 ful found. 
 
 In joyful rings the merry Nymphs ad- 
 vance. 
 
 And fportive Satyrs drive the wanton 
 dance. 
 
 While Quires of winged Songflers of the 
 air. 
 
 The woods and groves with tuneful numbers 
 cheer. 
 
 £e/’0, contented now that flie’s all 
 tongue. 
 
 Sounds quick replies to their delightful 
 fong. 
 
 All things rcjoyce, and Nature’s felf is "i 
 glad, ^ I I 
 
 The painted flowers o er fmiling meadows 1 ' 
 fpread i 
 
 To th’ univerfal joy confent, and nod their I 
 head. J 
 
 The wanton Loves their harnefs’d birds 
 drive on. 
 
 And clap to fee their winged chariot 
 run. 
 
 Aufpicious Juno with a graceful fmile 
 Begins the ancient glories of the Ifle j 
 On her fair brows unwither’d bays ap- 
 pear, 
 
 And thus fhe fings, and tunes her trembling 
 Lyre. 
 
 How Neptune’s fpear the wondring Ifthmus 
 fhook. 
 
 When their long hold the parted cliffs for- 
 fook. 
 
 What crimes, what vengeance, brought 
 Alcides o’re, j 
 
 To die the cryflal Thames with Albion’s I 
 gore, > 
 
 And fpread his monftrous carcafs on the j 
 fhore. J 
 
 How hither his wild courfe UlylTes 
 fleer’d. 
 
 What altars to the angry gods he rear’d 1 
 How Brute with Corinjeus came to 
 land. 
 
 And made the favage nations own their new 
 command i 
 
 How Cxfar’s drooping Legions homeward 
 flood. 
 
 Glad to efcape from thofe they’d but in 
 thought fubdu’d, &c. 
 
 And after fome Verfes interposed, the Poet 
 proceeds j 
 
 Thus fang the' Goddefs I flrait the joyful 
 flream 
 
 Proud of the late addition to it’s name. 
 
 Flows briskly on, ambitious now to 
 pay 
 
 A larger tribute to the fovereign fea. 
 
 Hence, the Thames pafles on to Benfon, for-Benfood 
 merly Benjington, which !Marianus calls a royal 
 Villj and reports that it was taken from the Bri- 
 tainsby Ceaulin in the year 572, and poflefs’d 
 by the Weft-Saxons for two hundred years af- 
 ter, But then, Ofta King of Mercia, think- 
 ing both his intereft and honour concern’d that 
 they fhould hold nothing on this fide the ri- 
 took this town by force fann. 778, or 
 779,1 and joyn’d it to his own kingdom. [Ly- 
 ing near the Frontiers, in the Contefl betw^eeii 
 the Weft-Saxon and Mercian Kings it often 
 changed its Maflers.l At prefent, it is a fmall 
 village, and fhews at a little diflancea* houfe*So faid, 
 of our Kings, which has been formerly a beau-ann. 1607. 
 tiful flrudlure, but is now much decay’d by 
 reafon of the unhealthy fituation near low and 
 wet ground. This feat, call’d Eixielme, com-Ewelme. 
 monly New Elme, from the Elms growing here, 
 was built by William de la Pole Duke of Suf- 
 folk, who, by marriage with Alice only daugh- 
 ter of Thomas Chaucer, obtain’d a large eflate 
 in thefe parts ; and befides this houfe, built a 
 neat Church (in which the faid Alice lies in- 
 ter’d ) and a fair Hofpital, [called (7odf-/joi^,Gods-ftouft, 
 and confining of two Priefts and thirteen poor 
 men .1 But John Earl of Lincoln, his grandchild 
 by John his fon, almoft utterly ruin’d this fami- 
 ly. For, being engag’d in a confpiracy againft 
 K-ing Henry the feventh, his honours were 
 loft by attainder, and his eflate confifeated to 
 the King, and he himfelf foon after flaiii in 
 battle. After this. King Henry the eighth, Stat.32H.8, 
 with the addition of fome neighbouring 
 nours, made an Honour of this eflate ; and among 
 thofe manours was Walingford, which had a long 
 time appertained to the Dukes of Cornwall. 
 
 [The Redory of this place (with a Canonry 
 of Chrifl-Church) was by King James the firft, 
 in the third year of his reign, annex’d to the 
 office of Regifii-Prok^or of Divinity in Ox- 
 ford ; as he annex’d alfo, at the lame time, the 
 government of the Hofpital here, to that of 
 Profefibr in Phyfick. Which Prince was one 
 of the higheft Patrons to learning, and a great 
 Benefador to the two Univerfities.l 
 
 From hence, the Thames fetches a large and 
 winding compafs, round the Hundred of Henley, 
 which is hilly, and woody, and which fome 
 think to have been the country of the Ancalites,\’oc3\lKs. 
 who fubmitted to Csefar. In this Hundred, 
 ftands Greys Rotherfeldy a ftat which was Grey deRo- 
 given by Walter Grey Archbifhop of York, 
 bis Nephew William Grey, whole eflate fell to 
 the Lovels by the Lord D’eincourt. * After- * It Is now, 
 wards, it became the feat of William Knolles C. 
 Treafurer of liis Majefly’s houfhold, whom^®'^ " 
 
 K. James [the i ft ,1 in confidcration of his faithful 
 fervices to Queen Elizabeth, and his readinefs 
 to perform the like to liim, advanc’d to the 
 honour and title of Knolles Baron of Rotherfeldi 
 
 [The 
 
OXFORDSHIRE. 
 
 3 
 
 22 
 
 tByMf 
 
 Henley- 
 
 ^Itinerar. 
 p. lofi- 
 
 rXhe perpetual Advowfon of this Church was 
 lately * purchafed and given for ever, to Tri- 
 nity-College.l . 
 
 Kear this place, upon the 1 hames, in the 
 utmoft limits of the County, Hands Henleyilor- 
 merly Hankgam., where the greateft part of the 
 Inhabitants are Barge-men, and get their Uve- 
 lyhood by carrying wood and corn to London 
 by water. fThis, Dr. Plot takes to be the moft 
 ancient town in the whole County ; fo call d 
 (fays he) from the Eritifh Hm, which fignifles 
 oli, and Llej a place ; and peril, apsk might be 
 the head-town of the People call’d Ancalitet, 
 who revolted to Caifar. But t Dr. Gale will 
 have it to be the Galleva Atrebatum of Anto- 
 ninus, on account of a military way running di- 
 rectly from Sfina to this place, and the Roman 
 Coins found hereabouts ; whereas, at Waling- 
 jird, where that ftation hath been ufually fet- 
 tled, there is no ancient Way, nor any other 
 Remains of Antiquity. And as to the difficulty, 
 of its lying within the bounds of the Dobuni, 
 and not the Atrebates ; he obferves, that both 
 fides of the River do Hill belong to the Town, 
 that there are many inftances of flips of one 
 County within .another, and that the greater 
 and more ancient part of IValingfmi it felf lay 
 in the Country of the Dobuni j and yet hath 
 been long thought the City of the Atrebates. 
 Befides the Coins before-mentioned, and the 
 AnciHle. name of Ancaflk ( poffibly from Ancalites , ) 
 which remains in one part of the Town ; I 
 it has nothing more ancient that it can 
 fcertainlyl boaft of, than that it belong’d 
 formerly to the Molins ; from whom, by 
 the Bmgerfords (who obtain’d from King Hetiry 
 
 the fixth, a licence for two Fairs yearly) it de- 
 
 fcended to the illuftrious family of the Haftings- 
 The bridge over the Thames, which is now of 
 timber, they report to have been heretofore of 
 (lone, and arched. But whether this was the 
 bridge which Dio makes the Romans to have 
 xiphilite. pafs^d over in purfuit of the Britains in thefe 
 ^ parts, who had lorded the river a little lower ; 
 is not fo eafie to determin. 
 
 From Henley, the ChiltenrUh run in a conti- 
 nued ridge to the north, and fepatate this Coun- 
 ty of Ouoyi from that of Buoks : at the foot where- 
 of are feated many little towns, of which the 
 Witlinaton. moft remarkable, are, mtlrngton,j (tnall m^r- 
 ^ ket-town, belonging formerly to Robert D oily. 
 IThis, by the name, one would imagin to be 
 of no lels than Britifi Antiquity, as feeming to 
 * Plot, p.332. point out to us * the old way of making their 
 towns or cities ; an account whereof Strabo has 
 left us, viz,. Groves fencd about luith trees cut 
 down, and laid crofs one another, within which 
 they built them Jheds, both for themfelves and Cattle. 
 The fame way of fencing, the Saxons call d 
 facelap, hurdles or wattles, /rom whence the 
 town probably might have its nanie.l Then, 
 SHrburne. ^he foot of the fame hills, is Shirburne, here- 
 ■'f NowjC.^ofore a fmallCaflle of the (^atermans; f after- 
 wards, a feat of the Chamberlains, defcended 
 from the Earls of Tankervil, who bearing the 
 office of Chamberlain to the Dukes of Norman- 
 dy, their pofterity, laying afide the old name 
 of T'ankervil, call’d themfelves Chamberlains, 
 from the faid office which their Anceftors en- 
 joy’d. FAt prefent, it is the feat of Thomas 
 Set JMtfffI«j-Lord Parker', who, in confideration of his great 
 fieWinChe-£iQqTjence, and exaft knowledge of the Laws 
 and Conftitution of this Realm, hath been fuc- 
 ceffively advanced to the high and important 
 Stations, of Lord Chief Juftice of the I^ng s 
 Bench, and of Lord High Chancellor of Great 
 Britain.! 
 
 The title of Earl of Oxf ord * did flourifh Earls of Ox- 
 long in the family of Vere, who derive their 
 pedigree from the Earls of Guifnes, and their 
 name from the town of Vere in Zealand. They ’ 
 owe the beginning of their greatnefs in En- 
 gland to King Henry the firft, who advanced 
 Alheric de Vere, for his great Wifdom and Con- 
 duft, to feveral places of honour and profit ; 
 as, to be Chamberlain of England, and Por- 
 treve of the City of London : and to his fon 
 Henry Duke of Normandy {fon of the daughter 
 of King Henry, and right heir to England and Nor-" 
 mandy, this was the title he ufed before his efla- 
 blifhment in this kingdom) in order to draw 
 him from King Stephen, who had ufurp’d the 
 Crown, and to oblige him to his own party, he 
 granted and reftor a the office of Chamberlain 
 which he had loft in thofe civil wars, and of- 
 fer’d him the choice of thefe four Earldoms, 
 
 Dorfet, Wilts, Berks, and 0 >ton. And after this-, 
 
 Maud the Emprefs, and her fon Henry, then in 
 pofl'elTion of the Throne, did, by their feveral 
 Charters create him Earl of Oxford. Of his 
 pofterity, not to mention every particular per- 
 fon, the moft eminent were thefe that follow : 
 
 Robert de Vere, who being highly in favour with 
 K. Richard the 2d, was by him advanc’d to the 
 new and unheard of honours of Marquefs of 
 Dublin, and Duke of Ireland, of which he left: 
 
 (as one well obferves) nothing but fome gaudy 
 titles to be infcribed upon his tomb, and mat- 
 ter of difcourfe and cenfure to the world. For 
 foon after, through the envy of the other Cour- 
 tiers, he was degraded, and miferably ended 
 his life in banifhment ; John de Vere, a perfon 
 of great knowledge and experience in war, and 
 eminent for his conftant fidelity to the Lanca- 
 ftrian party, fought often in the field againft 
 K. Edward the fourfh, and for fome time defen- 
 ded St. Michael's mount, and was the chief af- 
 ' fiftant to King Henry the feventh in obtaining 
 the Crown: Another in the reign of Hew- 
 ry the eighth ; who was in all parts of his life 
 fo temperate, devout, and good, that he was 
 diftinguiih’d by the name ot John the Good. He 
 was great Grandfather to | Earl Henry, the eigh-+ The pre- 
 
 teenth Earl of this family, and Grandfather to lent Earl, u. 
 
 the two noble Brothers Francis and Horatio Vere, 
 who, by their admirable conduft, and their 
 many brave and fuccefsful Exploits in the Low- 
 Countries, added no fmall luftre to their 
 ancient and honourable family. fThe faid Henry 
 marry’d Diana, fecond daughter to William Ce- 
 cil Earl of Exeter, and dy’d at the fiege of Bre- 
 da, An. 1^25. without iflue. Upon which, i$o- 
 bert Vere, fon and heir of Hugh, fon and heir of 
 Aubrey de Vere, fecond fon of Earl John the 
 fifth, was in the Parliament held at Weftmin- 
 fter, An. 2 Car. i. reftor’d to this title of Earl 
 of Oxford ; who taking to wife Beatrix van Hem- 
 mema of Friezland, had ifiue by her Aubrey, 
 
 Knight of the moft noble Order of the Gar- 
 ter ; who marry’d Diana daughter to George 
 Kirk Efq;. But he being deceas’d without iflue- 
 male, this title lay extind i until her Majefty 
 Queen Anne, in the tenth year of her reign, 
 beftow’d it (together with that of Earl Morti- 
 mer) upon Robert Harley Efqj whom ihe after- 
 wards advanced to the Dignity of Lord High- 
 Treafurer of Great Britain.! 
 
 Tflns County contains 280 Parifh-Churches. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Oxfordftiire. 
 Anagallis foemina ftore coeruleo. Female or 
 Blew-fiowerd Pimpernel. At Battle near Oxford. 
 Park, m 554 - ^ ^ 
 
3^3 
 
 DOBU Nl. 
 
 Ariindo vallatoria foliis ex lutco variegaris. 
 Painted Or gilded Reed- Found by Mr. Bobert in 
 the ri-ver Thames not far jrom Oxford. Though it 
 be but an accidental njariety it deferves to be men- 
 tion dy being very ornamental in gardens. 
 
 Atriplex vulgaris finuata fpicata. D. Plot. 
 Hift. nat. Oxon. It is found commonly on Dunghilsy 
 growing together with Goofe-foot Orache. 
 
 Geranium Columbinum maximum foliis dif- 
 feftis D. Plot. Hifi. nat. Oxon. columbinum ma- 
 jus, foliis imis longis, ufque ad pediculum di- 
 vilis. Morif. hiji. The greatejl Doves-foot Cranes- 
 biU with diJfeSled leaves. In hedges about Marflon, 
 and on that of Botley-caufey next Oxford jn great 
 plenty. 
 
 Gramcn caninum ariilatum, radice non re- 
 pcnte fylvaticum. Dogs-grafs with awns. Found 
 plentifiiliy growing in Stokcn-Church woods. Mr. Bo- 
 bert. 
 
 Gramen Sccalinum majus Sylvaticum. Gr. 
 fecalinum majus Park, an Gr. hordeaceilm mon- 
 tanum five majus C B. Wild Rye-grafs of the 
 woods. In Stoken-Churcb woods alfo. Idem. 
 
 ^ Gramen cyperoides minimum. Ranunculi ca- 
 pitulo rotundo. Cyperm-grqfs with a round Crow- 
 foot-head. Frequently found on the bogs on the wefi- 
 fide of Oxford. Idem. 
 
 Gramen bromoides maximum hirtum Park. 
 Feftuca graminea pcrennis hirfuta, gluma lon- 
 giore dumetorum, fpic5 divisi In Godftow copfe 
 .near Oxford. Idem. 
 
 Hdleborine flore aJbo vcl Damafonium mon- 
 tanum latifolium C. B. Ger. Damafonium Alpi- 
 num feu Elleborine floribus albis J. B. Ellcbo- 
 rine minor flore albo Park. Widte-fiower d Ba- 
 fiard-^HeMore. In the woods near Stoken-Cburehy 
 not far from the way leading from Oxford to Bond. 
 
 Hordeum nudum feu Gymnocrirlion f B 
 Zeopyron five Tritico-fpeltum C B. Park. Hor- 
 deum nudum Ger. cujus figura huic plants mi- 
 nima refpondet. Nahd Barley. It is fown in 
 the fields about Ifiip in Oxfordfloire and other places. 
 
 It is really a fpecies of wheat, and no Barley : only 
 its ear rejembles the Hordeum dyftichum. 
 
 Orobanche Verbafculi odore D. Plot. Hifi. nat. 
 Oxon. Birds-nefi fmelling like Primrofe-roots. At 
 
 the bottoms of trees in the woods near Stoken- 
 church. 
 
 Saxifraga Anglica annua Alfines folio D.PIot. 
 Hifi. nat. Oxon. Annual Pearl-wort, h the walks 
 of Baliol-Codege gardens, and on the fallow-fidds a- 
 bout Hedingm and Cowley, plentifully, and in mam 
 other places. ^ 
 
 Srachys Fuchfii y. ,S. Ger. major Germaiiica 
 
 C. B. Park. Eaje Hore-homid. Nigh Witney-park 
 in Oxfirdjhire and thereaimts, pkntijklly. 
 
 Tilia foliis moilitcr hirfutis, viminibus ru- 
 bns. fruau tetragono. It is known by the name of 
 the red Lime, and grows naturally in Stoken-Chardi 
 ■woods. M-. Bobert. 
 
 Tormcntilla reptans alata, foliis profundiiis 
 ferraris. Pentapbyllum minus viride, flore au- 
 reo tetrapetalo, radiculas iii terram e geniculis 
 demittens. Morif. Hifi. Creeping Tormentilwith deep- 
 ly indented, leaves. In the borders of the cam-fields 
 between Hockley and Sliotovey-woods, and elfewbere. 
 
 Triticmn fpica multiplici C. B. Ger. Park. 
 Nlany-eared ■wheat. It hath been fown about Biceter, 
 and Wefion on the green. 
 
 Viola Martia hirfuta major inodora O.Plot. 
 Hifi. nat. Oxon. & Morif. hifi. Trachelii folio 
 
 D. Mere et. Hiolet voith ‘I'hroatwort-lea^ves. In Mag- 
 dalen-colege-Cofs, Shotover-hills, Stow-viood, and 
 many other flaies plentifully. It is found in mofl 
 Countries. 
 
 Viola palufiris rotundifolia D. Plot. Hifi. nat. 
 Oxon. Round-leaved Marfij-vioht. In the bogs a- 
 boiit S ow-wood, and on the banks qfCherweS between 
 0>fbrd and Water-Eyton, butfparingly. 
 
 Clematis Daphnoides maj'or C B. Daphnoid. 
 latifoUa feu Vinca pervinca major Park. The 
 greater Periwinkle. In the high-ways between Wol- 
 verion and Tarntotty and in feveral hedges thereabout. 
 
 / not yet fully fatisfied, that this is a native of 
 ht^landy though it be found in the places mentioned, 
 becaufe poffibly it might owe its original to roots 
 thrown out of gardens. 
 
 Sambucus frufiu albo Ger. Park. White-ber- 
 ned Elder. Obferved by Mr. Bobert in the hedges 
 near Watlington. 
 
3ii 
 
 326 
 
 Caffii. 
 
 CATTIEUCHLANI. 
 
 N the Eafl of the Dobuni border thofe Peofk wlxm Ptolemy, acccrdini to dif- 
 Cattidudani, CathicludaS; aJdZ col 
 tuellam. When of tJxfe u the true name, J cannot eafdy determin : yet V mud 
 beg leave ^ to be deliver d of an abortive conjeSiure, which / long fmee coLeived 1 
 fhmld thmk thm, that thefe peofle were tlx ancient Caffii ; tlm from thern'their 
 P™ce Caffivellau.tu^^ .rCaffibeUnus, tooh his name; and thatth^aX tZ 
 their Prince Caffivellauiius, were by the Grecians call'd Catmellani, &thueilani 
 and Cameuchlam. Now the Caffii, mention’d by Cafar among h,e Brm m- 
 
 r n-n ■ “f ’ 'whom a praty large tmS in 
 this Corny, ft, 11 retains thenameof C^tlho^. And fime Comvdhrtnvcs govern d here, aUsZidZ 
 WC^Iar; and m h.s nomt thayj the Cfn d«h manifeflly appear ; U feems very probable, that 
 Caffivellaunus cknotes ^ much ^ he Prince of the Caffii. If otherwife, why fhould Dio ill this Caffi- 
 vellaulius, Suellan mfleadoj Vellan; and Tsmmnsthe Britijh writer, not Caffibellinus but Belli 
 nus, at if that were the proper name either of his perfou or dignity I Nor ought it ,0 feem drame that 
 Primes heretojore took their n^esjrom the people whom they govern’d : for thus the Catti in Gei’manv 
 had their Cattimams ; the Teutones their Teutomarus and Teutobochus ; the Dad their D-ceb.a 
 lus ; the Goths their Gottifo. And why might not our Caffii in like manner have their Caffibelinus > 
 Efpeaally, whenBAmtis zocu a common name in this Ifland ; and feme have thought, that the name of 
 Cunobcllinus, King of the Icem, imported no more than the Belinns of the latni. So that if the Gre- Bellin' 
 can writers did not from this Caffivellaunus extort the names Cattuellani, Cattieuchlani, tfe I 
 mufty M to this mattery freely eonfefs my felf in the dark. 
 
 But -whence thefe people had the name of Caffii, I have not difeover’d ; unlefs it -was from their •war- 
 like Valour. For Servius Honoratus irforms that the flouteft and moji vigorous Soldiers -were by the 
 ancient Gauls {-who Jpoke the fame language -with the Britains) call'd Geffi. PVhence Ninuius interprets 
 the Brttijh zoord Cethilou, The Seed ot Warriors. Nozuy that the Caffii -uierf reno-wnd for Martial 
 prowefsy is mofi certain : for^ before the arrival, of Csfar, they had -wag'd continual -war againfl their 
 neighbours, and had reduced part of the Dobuni under their fubjeBion. And then, upon Cslar’s Ima-Q- - 
 fm, the Britains confiituted the Prince of this Country, Commander in chief of the forces of the ■whole Ifland. 
 
 Jhey had too, by this time, extended their name and dominion to a conjtderable diftance. F)r under the 
 general name of Caffii or Cattieuchlani, -were comprehended all thofe people ■wJfo inhabit three Counties 
 in the prefent divifm, viz. Buckinghamfhire, Bedfordlhire, «»f^Hertfbrdmire ^ 0 / W;/c6 koxo 
 f^eak briefly in their Order, having not much to fay of any of thm. 
 
 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 
 
 Uckinghamjhire abounds exceed- 
 ingly in Beech-trees, which the 
 Saxons call Bucken ; and it is 
 probable, that from them the 
 chief town. Buckingham had its 
 name ; and from that, the 
 whole County. For fo in Ger- 
 many, a. Country fam’d for plenty of Beeches, 
 is call’d Buchonia l ^ind with us the town of 
 Buckenham in Norfolk is faid to be furrounded 
 by that fort of trees. FBut againfl: this origi- 
 nal, it is alledgcd, that the Saxons did not call 
 thofe_ trees but (as appears by jEIfrick’s 
 Gloflary) bocap, and fuch things as were made 
 of them, becen : That our moll ancient records 
 fliowing neither Bockingham nor Beckingham, but 
 conftantly retaining the fecond Letter (u), it 
 may be more natural to derive it from the Sax- 
 on hue, which the fame .^Llfric interprets cer- 
 ’ous ( a buck or hart ) it being very probable 
 that thofe woody parts abounded with Deer i 
 and that, as to the Buckenham in Norfolk, we 
 
 have the authority of * Sit Henry Spelman, that* Iceni. 
 no fuch trees grow thereabouts: which enclin’d 
 him alfo, rather to chufe the Saxon buc, cervus, 
 for its original.1 
 
 This Shire, being of no confiderable breadth, 
 r(no more than eighteen miles,)! is in length 
 extended fthirty nine miles! from the ‘Thames 
 northward; fthe whole circumference being a- 
 bout one hundred thirty eight.! On the South, 
 it hath Barkfhire (divided from it by the 
 Thames ; ) on the Weft, Oyfordfljire ; on the 
 North, Northamptonfhire ; on the Eafl, firft Bed- 
 fordfhire, then Hartfordfhire, and afterwards Mid- 
 dlefex. The Soil is generally very fruitful, and 
 the Inhabitants thick-fet and numerous, who 
 generally follow grazing. 7’he County is divi- 
 ded into two parts ; one, a mountainous, or 
 rather hilly country, toward the fouth and eafl, 
 call’d Chiltem, in Saxon Cylcejiti ; the other, 
 belo-w this to the north, call’d the Vale. xhe Vale; 
 
 Chiltern hath its name from the nature of the Chiltern. 
 Soil ; Cylt or Chih in Saxon ligiiif}dng Ciialk. 
 
 For 
 
327 , 
 
 C ATT I EU C H LA N I. 
 
 For it rifeth, for the moft part, into Chalky 
 hills, cover’d with woods and groves of Beech- 
 es. TBut neither is this derivation admitted 
 without exception ; inafmuch as in the lan- 
 guage of the Saxons, Chalk is generally expref- 
 ied by Ceak. Mr. Somner interprets it locus ge~ 
 Udusy i; e. a cold place ; upon what grounds I 
 know not, unlefs he have refpectto ourprefeiit 
 Cbil. In the year loo^. the Danes pafs’d over 
 thefe hills in their journey out of Kent into Ox- 
 fordjlnre upon the mention v\ hereof, Florence of 
 Worcefter fays, Sahus qui dicitur Cliterny i. e. the 
 Clitern Fo* -wood or foreft which is called Cittern?^ For, 
 heretofore, it was fo thick with treeSj that they 
 render’d it impalfable ; till they were in good 
 moafure clear’d by Lcoffian Abbot of St. Albansy 
 as a common receptacle and harbour for thieves. 
 In this part, where the Thames winds it felf 
 Marlow, round the bottom of the hills, is feated Marlow, 
 a pretty conliderable town, which has its name 
 from a fort of chalky clay which we call Marie : 
 This being fpread upon the fields, fo iattens and 
 enriches the foil when it is worn out, that after 
 one year’s lying fallow’, they are always fit for 
 tillage i and what they receive of the husband- 
 man, they repay with wonderful increafe. 
 
 Nigh this tow'n, a little river cuts its way 
 thro’ low grounds into the Thames; onthef«r«- 
 
 Hieh-Wick-^'«5 of which, is feated or rather 
 
 t ^ n T*^ C* ft* XJ /I lt55 
 
 ham. 
 
 the reign of King Charles the fecond ; which 
 is now the delightful Seat of the Earl of Ork- 
 ney ; by whom it hath been much improved and 
 beautified. Not far from this place, hath late-Tjpbv 
 ly been difeover’d, on the fide of a chalky hill 
 adjoyning to the Thames, a found Cave, nine* 
 teen foot high, and about ten foot diameter ; 
 cut out of the folid Rock towards the founda- 
 and confifting upwards of an artificial 
 
 Wkomb ; and perhaps it may have receiv’d its 
 name from thence. For the German-Saxons 
 call the winding of a fea or river IVick ; and in 
 England there are abundance of places of like 
 denomination ; ffo called, as being either on 
 the windings of rivers, or having been the fites 
 of CafHes ; the Saxon pic fignifying both a bay 
 and a cafiJe?\ This town, for largenefs and beau- 
 ty, compares with the beft in the County ; and, 
 as it is govern’d by a Mayor, is juftly prefer ’d 
 to moft of the reft. About the time of _ the 
 conqueft, Wigod de IVallengford w'as Lord of the 
 * Villa Fo- Borough of Wkomb, and of the * out-village 
 rinfeca. belonging to it, as an old Inquifition exprelles 
 it. After whofe death, Henry the firft appro- 
 priated it to the Crown. But afterwards. King 
 *Deveteri John AivldicA the out-village between f de 
 
 porte. 
 
 P^ipont and Alan Baffet. fHere, was an Hofpital 
 of St. John Baptifi ; the revenue wliereof, upon 
 the general diflblution of Religious houfes, came 
 to the Crown ; as alfo certain rents there, be- 
 longing to a brotherhood of the Blejfed Virgin, 
 Lady’s Rents, call’d our Ladys Rents ; all which w’ereby Queen 
 Eliz^abeth, in the fourth year of her reign, 
 granted to the Mayor, Baylift's, and Burgelles 
 of JVicomb,(or the maintenance of a free Gram- 
 mar-School and certain Alms-people there. Since 
 which time, the Rents being improv’d, more 
 Alms-people have been maintain’d, and, in 
 the year 1(584, new Alms-houfcs were ere(fted.l 
 llHujus regi- >Jorth of Wicomb is the higheft Eminence || ol 
 onis. thefe parts, whence it ftill keeps the Britifh 
 
 Pfi”* name Pen (for they call the head or top of any 
 thing Pen : Whence the Pennine Alps, and the A- 
 pennine, and feveral mountains among us, feem 
 to be derived ; ) ftho’ fome of the Inliabitants 
 hereabouts tell you, that this character belongs 
 more truly to Colejhil, as being equal in height 
 to the windows of Pen-SteepleA Near Pew, lies 
 of a commodious and healthy fitua 
 tion, fformerlyl the chief refidence of the Ba^ 
 rons of Windfor (of whom we have fpoken in 
 Barkfhire ; ) from the time that William Lord 
 * So faid, Windfor, in the memory of * our Fathers, built 
 ann. 1607. ^ Family. 
 
 The I'hames, having receiv’d that rivulet,, 
 Clifton, keeps on itscourfe [near Clijton, where a noble 
 Houfe, with a profpe(ft remarkably fine, was 
 built by George Jolliers, Duke of Buckingham, in 
 
 Arch of hewn Chalk : but nothing remains, 
 which may direft to the time or occafion of this 
 Work. From hence, the ‘Thames runs on1 to 
 Eaton, famous for it.s Seminary of learnifig j Eaton, 
 founded (as I have faid before) by that pious See in Bark* 
 and good Prince Henry the fixth, fin the nine-^’he. 
 teenth year of his reign, by Charter bearing 
 date at Windfor, Sept. 12. Near which, is Ak/- B ulfirode, 
 flrode, the Seat of the Duke of Portland^ A 
 few miles from hence, Thames is augmented 
 by the river Co/fj [upon which is Denham, for- Cole rlv, 
 merly the Seat of the Peckhams, but now ofSir^®'’!’*"’- 
 Roge-r Hill, who hath built here a very fine 
 Seat ; 1 which river, dividing* Buckinghamfhire 
 and Middlefex, gives name to Colebrook. This, Colebrook. 
 the exaeft diftance on both fidcs from Walling- 
 ford and London, fufficiently proveto be' the Pow- 
 fw of Antoninus ; fwhere it is alfo fix’d by Mr. pontes. 
 Burton (however, by Leland and divers others, 
 remov’ei to Reading 3 )1 Nor is there any other 
 tow n between tliofe two places, to which the 
 name of Pontes, or Bridges, doth more properly 
 agree. For here Cole is divided into four Cha- 
 nels, which for the convenience of travellers 
 have fo many bridges over them ; and that this 
 name is derived from them, is plain from die 
 very word : In the fame manner, as Gepbyra a 
 Town of Boeotia had it’s name from Bridges ; 
 and alfo Pontes in Gaul, whence the County of 
 Ponthieu was fo call’d 3 which (by the by) came 
 to the Englilh Crow’n in right of Eleanor Queen 
 to Edward the firft, who was foie heir of it in 
 right of her mother, ^Joan, fecond wife to 
 dinand, third King ot CaHile, daughter and 
 heir to Simon Earl of Ponthieu.l 
 
 With thefe divifions of itsftreams, the Cole 
 makes here fome pleafant Ifiands, into which 
 in the year 894. the Danes fled from King Al- 
 fred, who clofely purfu’d them 3 and were pro- 
 tefted by the natural ftrength of the place, till 
 the King for want of forrage was oblig’d to 
 draw off his army. On this turning of the 
 river ftands Eure or Euer, f(fo called from ilo-Eure. 
 ger de Ivery ; who came in with the Conqueror, 
 and had this among other pofleflions bellowed 
 upon him j )1 a little village, which King *Anr.reg.i4. 
 Richard having given to Robert, and i King John 
 t confirm’d to John Fitz,-Robert his fon, Lord off Given, 
 Clavering ; his younger fons Hugh and Robert 
 took from thence their name : from the former 
 of w'hom, the Lords of Eure 3 and from the 
 latter, the Family of Eure in Axholm, is de- 
 feended. More inward, are two places which 
 we muft by no means pafs by. Stoke-pogeis, call’d Stoke-pogei- 
 fo from the Pogeis formerly Lords of it, from 
 whom it devolv’d by right of inheritance to 
 the Hafhngs, Fhaving firft defeended by marri- 
 age to the Molins, from them to the Himgerfords, 
 and by Thomas Lord Hungerjbrd’s daughter and 
 foie heir being married to Edward Lord Ha- 
 flings and Hungerford, to the HaHings. In t^his 
 Parifh-Church, George and Anns the firft 
 and Counters of Huntingdon lie incert’d 3 tori 
 t which probably might indneo Edward Lord o' 
 Hafiings of Loughborough their third fon, greatly 
 favour’d and advanc’d by Queen Mary, to 
 found an Hofpital here, whither he himfelfiup- 
 on the death of that C^een, retir’d, to a houfe stat.4» <, 
 adjoyning, and there dy’d. He is bury’d in a Mar. • 
 
 Chapel 
 
;29 
 
 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 
 
 330 
 
 
 Chapel built by him for the ufe of the Hofpi- 
 tal l Alfo, Henry Earl of Huntingdon, his ne 
 hew by the brother, built here a fplendid 
 houfe The other place is Fnnhim, the 
 F„nham- fame '(as 1 .take it) which is call’d 
 
 Royal. This the Barons Fermuid heretofore 
 held by Service, T'kat on the Coronation-day they 
 (hould be oUild to find a Glove for the Kings right 
 ‘hand, and to fiipfort his left arm that day, while 
 he held the royal Sceptre. From the Fumivals, it 
 defended by the daughter of I'homas Nevil to 
 the falbots Earls of Shrewsbury ; who, though 
 by way of exchange they furrender’d this Ma- 
 nour to Henry the eighth, yet did they referve 
 that honourable Office to themfelves and their 
 heirs for ever. . 
 
 The Cole, being )oyn d higher by another ri- 
 vulet from the well, carries it along ; and upon 
 this, the firll place obfervablc is MgeHden,^~^\Kre 
 a Monallery was founded by the D oilys, and 
 augmented by the noble family iirnam’d de Mif- 
 fenden. Next, in the Vale, Hands Amerjham,m 
 Saxon AgmunOeyllani f(and fo called, all a- 
 long, as low as the time of King Henry the 
 feveiith ; )1 which can neither boaft of build- 
 ings nor populoufnefs, but may juftly be proud 
 of its fancientl Lord Francis Rujfel Earl of Bed- 
 ford, who liv’d an exad pattern of vertue and 
 true honour, entirely belov’d by all good men. 
 IBut for the laft hundred years, the Drahs 
 have been Lords of this place, and have a neat 
 feat here call’d Shardeloisd The chief feat ol 
 CkvneU, the Earls of Bedford, is Cheyneis, more to the 
 ^ E.afl, W'here John the firft Earl of this family 
 
 andhisfon, the fore-mention’d Francis, he en- 
 tomb’d together. TThis was formerly the pof- 
 feffion of the Cheynes, who arevery ancient in this 
 County, and have feats at Chefham-Boies, hard by, 
 oXii.!cX.Draiton-Bemtchampf\ To Cheyneis adjoynech 
 Latimers, call’d heretofore Ifel-hamltead, hut it 
 had the prefent name from the Lords of it, the 
 ancient Barons Latimer. Here, Sir Edwyn Sandys 
 Kt who married the only daughter of Baron 
 Sandys, t had a fine feat, fit anciently belonged 
 to the Nevils ; but is now the feat of the Caven- 
 dilhes Dukes of Devonlhire, \vho have a bury- 
 
 ing-place for their Family in this Church, i 
 Faffing hence, fcarce three miles northward, 
 we come to the ridge of the Chiltern hills, which 
 divides the whole Shire from fouth-weft to 
 north-eaft, along many little villages ; ot 
 
 Hamatn. which, the moll coniiderable IS flomdcK, thence 
 
 an ancient and numerous Family in this Coun- 
 ty took their name. fNot far from hence, is 
 'rines-Rif- Princes-Risborough, near which, on the top of a 
 
 “““Sk- hill, is a Camp ; and the Way which goes by 
 Aubr. Mon, . . . j u,, /Ic.ktiel-'wav. At the 
 
 Latirtiers. 
 
 •^Has, C. 
 
 (together with feveral Trenches and Fortificati- 
 ons in thefe parts ) confirms the noiion, that 
 this County was the Seat of the A&ion w'here- 
 in the two fons of Cunobeline were flain ; and 
 from hence they might probably retire, to give 
 battle to Aulus PlatitiusA 
 
 On the eaftem angle of the hills, upon a 
 defccnt, ftands A/heridge, formerly a houfe ofAlheridge. 
 pleafure of the Kings, where Edmund Earl of 
 Corn-wal, fon to Richard King of the Romans, 
 founded a Monaftery for an Order of Religi- 
 ous, then lately indiruted and by him firft 
 brought into England, call’d * Bon-hommes : * Boni-homi- 
 they wore a fort of sky-colour’d habit, after nes. 
 the manner of the Hermits. TThe place is fo 
 called, from a ridge or bill of ajhes, and is the 
 feat of the Earls of Bridgewater, and hath a 
 great part of the Religious ftrudure ftill ftand- 
 ing .1 From the top of thefe hills, we have a 
 clear and full profpeft of the large Vale, w'hich 
 I faid was the other part of the County. It is 
 almoft all champain ; the foil is chalky, ifift, 
 and fruitful. The rich meadows feed an in- 
 credible number of Sheep, whofe foft and f fine + 
 
 fleeces are fought after, even from AJta it felf. 
 
 [In this moft fruitful Vale, one (lately) entire 
 pafture called (part of the inheritance Beryfieia. J 
 
 of Sir Robert Lee Baronet) in the manour of 
 Quarendon, lets yearly for eight hundred poundsj Ann. 
 
 Tnd the Lordfhip of Crejlo-w is no lefs remarka- 
 ble, which, confifting not of above five hundred 
 Acres, hath yielded a rent of eight hundred 
 pounds a year and upwards.l This Vale has po 
 W'oods but on the weft-fide ; where among o- 
 thers is Bernvioody about which in the year 
 PI4. the il D.ines committed great outrages ; II 
 and then perhaps, was mind that ancient 
 Burcrh (for fo the Roman Coins found there, 
 witnefs it to be) which was afterwards a Roy- 
 al Vill of Edward the Confeflbr, though it be 
 now a fmall Country-town, and inftead of Bu- 
 ry-hiUi is by contraftion call’d Brill. THowever, Brill, 
 there being no exprejs authority, chat this Town 
 was ever called BurguSi or fack’d by the Danes j 
 * others derive it horn Bruel a thorny place, * pa, 
 
 and Bruer a thorn .1 In this low part of the rodi. Antitj. 
 County, though ftor’d fufliciently with towns p. 4 ^* 
 and villages, we meet with few worth our ob- 
 fervation, and thofe feated by the T'ame, or by 
 the Ifis or Oufe. fUpon the river T‘a 7 ne ftands Ick- 
 
 thought to be the place of Treaty between Ickford. 
 K.Edward and the Danes, An. 907, and call d 
 by the Saxons Yemngapopb. I had once thought, 
 that forae remains of that name might ftill be 
 in Itene (for fo Neiv-forefi in Hamfliire was for- 
 merly call’d) or in Ijjord near Chriji-Churcb 
 Hamfhire j but Brompton’s writing the place 
 Ichingford, feems to favour the firft conjefture. 
 
 A little farther north is famous _ inBorftal. 
 
 Brit ir'is' criled by the vulgar Acknd-'way. At the 
 
 Ackiiel-way.foot of this hill, was found a Coin o^f the Em^ 
 
 l=,b.Rir. Sisls VSilk -hich lEfcwm Biffiop of King Charles the fiA It was given, toge- 
 
 1 in I .{infprmi- 
 
 ... tniS IS i 
 
 forough, of Dorchefter gave to the Church or Canterbu- 
 ry and to citric Archbifhop, about the year 
 905. It was afterwards afligned for a portion 
 to the Monks of Canterbury, whence it re- 
 ceived the prefent name. In thefe parts, are 
 two places which feem to be of great Antiqui- 
 Elltsbrousli.ty ; the firft, ESesborough, near the Church 
 whereof, on a round hill, is an ancient Forti- 
 Bellm* Ca-fication called Belinus’s Cafile, where the Iiiha 
 bitants tell you, by tradition, that King Mt- 
 ms refided ; above which is alfo an high Hill, 
 Ertintsbury- that ftill retains the name of Behnesbury-hiU : 
 the fecond, is Kymhel (great, and little) which 
 Kynibei, fuppofed to take the name from Ctmobelme 
 King of the Britains ; the places being alio, 
 in ancient Records, written Cmebet. And this 
 
 01 JS-ing v^iiaiica LUC -- --- ’ ' o 
 
 ther with the Rangerfhip of the foreft ofc 
 wood, by one of the Williams, to Nigel of Bor- 
 (lal by the livery of a horn, which is lull 
 preferv’d. This feat, through feveral heirs- 
 feniales of divers names, came to the Denhams, 
 and from them, by one of the daughters of Doi- 
 ham, to the family of Lewis of Wales. 1 > 
 
 Not far from the faid river, which watererh 
 the fouth part of the Vale, ftands on a riling 
 ground a very fair Market-town, large, and 
 pretty populous, furrounded with a great num- 
 ber of pleafant meadows and paftures, and now 
 call’d Ailesbury ; whence the whole V ale is Ailesbury. 
 nam’d dhe Vale of Ailesbury. The Saxons call dxhs Vale, 
 it /6t;lerbup5e lotherwife, according to dlfte- 
 rein^Copies, jeglerbyre, /e5l=rbupcb,^^^5e- . 
 
33 
 
 C ATT I EUC HLAN L 
 
 * 'i72. C. 
 
 and others, 
 
 580.-571. 
 
 Cliron. Sax. 
 St. iEditli. 
 
 Icj-bufb,) i hcii Cutbvjolplj the Saxon took it 
 by force in the year *571. As for its old Bri- 
 rirh name, that, through the injury of time, 
 is quite lolh This town A\’as heretofore chiefly 
 famous for St. JEdithy a native of it ; tN'ho, 
 •when fhe had prevail’d with her father Frewald 
 to give her this for her portion, prefently, upon 
 the perfwalion of fome Religious perfons, left 
 the world and her husband, and taking on 
 her the habit of a Nun, grew fo celebrated 
 fbrSanftity, even in that fruitful age of Saints, 
 that flic is reported to have done feveral mi- 
 racles i together with her filler Edburgy from 
 Edburton.'^s7^■lonl Edburtony a little village among the hills, 
 takes its name, r'l’lie Saxon Annals tell us, 
 tli.it in the year pzi, the Danes leaving the 
 liege of Thcefltr, and cc^ming upon the unarm’d 
 people, took a great booty of men and cattle 
 hereabouts tir.t is, between Bernwood and Ailef- 
 buryA In the time of the Conqueror, this was 
 a hlanoiir-Rqyal, and feveral yard-lands were 
 here given I?y the King, on condition that the 
 holders of them fJjoidd find Litter (/. e. Straw) for 
 the Kings bed (I hope the nice part of the 
 world will obferve this,) whenever he fhould co?ne 
 + Pheit. CaJhither. [f It was fo held by William of Ailef- 
 \ron.^Aei Anriobiiry -y and, bdides that fervice, he was like- 
 
 14 Ed. 
 
 wife to draw his chamber, and to provide him 
 three Eeles w henever he fliould come in winter. 
 If he came in fummer, befides flraw for the 
 bed, he was to provide fweet herbs for the 
 King’s chamber, and tw’o green-geefe. All 
 which he w.is to do thrice every year, if the 
 King came fo often thither.l In the reign of 
 Edward the lirfl, certain Knights firnam’d 
 de Ailesbury-y who bore for arms a Crofs argent 
 in a field azure, are reported (how truly I know 
 not) to have been Lords of this place. Yet thus 
 much is certain, that thefe Knights were emi- 
 nent in thole times j and that by marriage with 
 an heirefs of the Cahaignes (formerly Lords of 
 Middleton-CahaigneSy fnow commonly Middleton- 
 Cheney,) I they came to a plentiful Eitate, which 
 tell afterwards by marriage to the Chawonbs or 
 de Cadurcis, and Stafords. The greateft repute 
 it hath, is for Cattle ; ffaving that it hath the 
 honour of giving the title of Earl to Robert Brucey 
 created Baron of Skelton, Vifeount Bruce of 
 Ampthily and Earl of Ailesburyy by King Charles 
 the fecond, in the year 166^. And, by rea- 
 fon of it’s Handing in the middle of the 
 County, it is the ufual place of Affizesand 
 SelTions, •which have added greatly to its wealth 
 and pcpuloufiicfs.! It owes much to the mu- 
 . nificence of * Baldwin Chief Juftice, who not 
 only adorn’d it withpublick Edifices, but rais’d 
 an excellent Caufey about three miles in length, 
 where the road is deep and troublefome : FBy 
 marriage with whole daughter and coheir in 
 the time of King the eighth, the Manour 
 came to the PackingtonsA All about, vaft num- 
 bers of well-fleec’d Sheep are plentifully fed, 
 to the great profit and advantage of their 
 Querendon, owners ; efpccially at Querendon ( belonging 
 rtormerlyl to the very eminent Sir Henry Lee 
 Knight of the Garter, fand now to his De- 
 Eythorp, feendanrs ; 1 at Eytkorpy once belonging to the 
 Dinhams, now vo the Dormers Knights 5 and at 
 Winebindon. [heretofore] _ belonging to the God- 
 
 •f Dudg. Bar. Knights, &:c. f This laft is now the Seat of 
 T.3. p. 390. the Duke of Wharton-, f which came ’to that 
 family by Philip Lord Wharton marrying ^ane 
 the daughter and heir of Arthur Goimin Efq; and 
 hath been of late years greatly improved and 
 Wadderden. adorned. It's neighbour Waddefdm, is remark- 
 able. for having three diftinfiReftories, of which 
 each Minifter or Refior hath his particular 
 turn of officiating, and portion of the Revenue,! 
 
 ■ Jufticiario. 
 
 By the Tame, lower down, we meet with no- 
 thing memorable, unlefs Cherd/ley be fas manvn . 
 think it is) the Ce-rdk-flega of the Saxons Twrit- 
 ten more truly Cepdicep-leiig, and! fo call’d 
 from Cerdkim who had here a fh.arp engagement 
 with the Britains. Near this place, is°Creden- 
 don, now Crendon, which was the feat of the r,. , 
 Ho-nour of Gifford ; for by that name the vaft °™' 
 Ellate w.as call’d, that fell to the fhare oi Wal- 
 ter Gifford, at the Conqueft j who, being made 
 E.arl of Buckingham, founded (as it is thought) 
 the Monafteryof Notejley ; and his Coufin HuE 
 de Bolehec, from whom by a female the Earls of 
 O.xford are defeended, held here feveral Eftates B»'dK.Cs 
 of him. The ruins of * Boldec-aPde appear *''■ 
 hard by, in the Parilh of Whitchtmb. *, 
 
 Uja or Offe (formerly ffa, and the fecond Sr",’’,"'?"'' 
 Ifis, which flows gently through the north part Altln.'' 
 of this Shire,) riling in North.amptonfhire, and 
 prefently entring this County while it’s current 
 is yet fmall ; pafles by Bitlefden, which Robert - r-,, 
 de Maferffml Lord of the place gave to f Jefret t 
 de Clmnn Ch.amberlain to King Henry the litft ' 
 
 (a powerful Man at Court,) to fave himfelf 
 from being punifli’d as a Felon, for Healing one 
 of the King’s hounds. But he receiv’d it back 
 again from the Chamberlain, with a Kinfwo- 
 man of his in marriage. Yet, in the Civil 
 Wars in King Stephen’s time, he loft it again, 
 and Ernald de Bofeo, by the favour of Robert 
 Earl of Leicefter, got it, and in the year 1127. 
 founded here a little Monaftery for Ciftertian 
 Monks. (Then, the river paffes, at fome di- 
 ftance, hy Stow, belonging to the Temples, whoStoit. 
 fettled here m the reign of Queen Elizabeth, 
 and have built in this place a noble and beau- 
 tilui Seat 3 and who have been fucceffively ad- 
 vanced, in the perfon of Sir Richard Temple, 
 
 Baronet, to the honour, firft of Baron, and 
 then of Vifeount Cobham, in the County of 
 Kent.) The next place that the Onfe vifits, 
 is Buckingham, the chief town of the County, BucMam. 
 •which Eav'ard the elder (in the year pi 5. as 
 Marianus hath it, Tbur, according to the Sax- 
 on Annals, pi 8,) I fortified with a rampire and 
 turrets on both fidcs of the bank, againd the 
 incurfions of the Danes. Yet it feems to have 
 been no confiderable place at the Coiiqued ; 
 fince, in the reign of the Confelfor (asDomef- 
 day-book informs us) it paid only for one hide, 
 and had twenty fx Burgejfes. The town is feared 
 on a low ground. The Oufe, very commodious 
 for the mills, furroun ds it on all ddes, but the 
 north. The Cadle, feated in the middle of 
 the town upon a great mount, of the very ru- 
 ins of which fcarce any thing now remains, 
 as ic were divides the towi- into two parts ; 
 the greater part, to the north, where Hands 
 the Town-hall ; the Idler to the wed, in which 
 there is a Church (though not very ancient) 
 where was the Shrine of Sc. Rumbald, born ats. RumWd. 
 Kings Sutton a neighbouring village, and byV. Nor- 
 our ancedors edeem’d a Saint. fHe was Pa- thampton- 
 tron of the Fifhermcn, and his Fead is 
 annually obferved in Decembery at FolkHon in 
 Kent. Near the Church, was once a dately Pre- 
 bendal-houfe belonging to the Church of Lin- 
 coln, which was endow’d with Lands of one 
 thoufand pounds per An. Here was alfo a Cha- 
 pel, cdld Sr. ffohn Baptiffsy founded by St. John Bj?- 
 
 th^ StrattOHy and now converted into a Free- till’s Chapel, 
 jchool. In this hundred alfo, is Caversfeld ■, 
 but •whether Ib call’d from Caraifimy as if one 
 hould fay Carauf m s-fieldy I dare not be pofi- 
 ,t:ive. t However, ic is very prob.able from the xpjroch. 
 
 Cl rcumdanccs, that this is the verv place where Afit. p. 7- 'J- 
 ,^AUeBus {\ew Caraufus in battle. ’This part ot&BUl. 
 the Country feems alfo to have been the feat^PP' 
 
 of 
 
334 
 
 BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 
 
 333 
 
 par. of Aftion, when Aulm Vlauum made the fecoud 
 Expedition of the Romans into Britain under 
 " ' Claudim the Emperor. He obtain’d a Victory 
 over Cataratacm and T’ogodtimnmi Sons of Cum- 
 helm among the Boduni, or Oxford/hire-men ( fub- 
 ject to thefe Catuellani or Inhabitants of Bucks,) 
 and purfued them to the river Oufe near Buc- 
 kingham. 
 
 Thornton. Upon the fouth-bank of the Ouje lies Ihrn- 
 ton anciently the feat of the Norman family 
 of Chatylion i which, paffing through the fami- 
 lies of Barton and Ingkton, became the polleffion 
 of the Tyn'ds, defcended from an heir-general of 
 Robert Inghton., the laft of that name in the be-' 
 ginning of Henry the eighth. From whom 
 are alfo defcended both the other families of 
 the Tyrrels in this County, of CafHethorp and 
 Okeley : and they all defcended from one com- 
 mon Ancellor, Humphrey Tyrrell nephew of 
 Charles Brandony Duke of Suffolk; who was al- 
 fo one of the coheirs of Sir Hu?)ipbrey le Bruin, 
 Vid. Efiex.as well as the faid Tyrrel South-eaft from 
 * ’ Buckingham, is Winjlov), a fmall market-town, 
 which King Ofta gave to the Monaftery of 
 St. Alban, in a Council held at Verulam, ann. 
 
 Winllow. 
 
 
 From Buckingham, and Thornton, the Oufe 
 moves, with a gentle current, to the north- 
 eaft. More eaflerly from the river, toward 
 . the woods, is Wlmddon, formerly the Seat of 
 * ■ ' the Giffords, who were hereditary Keepers of 
 lVhaddon-Cha(e under the Earl of Ulfler ; from 
 whom that ofEce defcended to the Pigots, who fold 
 * T c another family. Here * was the feat of 
 
 Barons Greythe warlike family of the Barons Grey of Wil- 
 of Wilton, ton, who held the adjoyning manour of Eaton 
 by the fervice of keeping one Gerfalcon of the 
 „ r Kings', whence that family f bore for their 
 tiic rs, ^ ^ upon the 
 
 attainder of William Lord Grey of Wilton, it 
 came to the Villars Dukes of Buckingham ; fince 
 the death of the laft of whom, it palled by 
 fale to James Selby, and Thomas Willis (the 
 famous Phyficiaii of that name) who have al- 
 moft entirely pulled down the fore-mentioned 
 feat, built by the Barons Grey of Wilton.l Not 
 SsuUen. far from hence lies Saulden, where is a neat 
 houfe built by the honourable and learned 
 Knight Sir fohn Fortefcue, for himfelf and his 
 family ; w’ho for his great Wifdom and Pru- 
 dence was made Chancellor of the Exchequer, 
 and privy Counfellor to Queen Elizabeth and 
 King James fthe firft.l On the other fide of the 
 Leckhimfled, fiver, not far from the bank, are LeckhamRed,^ 
 Lillingftonc. the feat of the T’yrrels ; Lillingfione, the leat of 
 the ancient family of the De-hairel, commonly 
 Luffeld. Dairell ; and where W'as formerly a Mo- 
 
 naftory founded by Robert Earl of Leicefier ; 
 but, the Monks dying of the plague, it was de- 
 ferted. Higher on the fouth-bank of the ri- 
 StonyStrat-ver, the moft confiderable place is Stony-Strat- 
 ford. ford, fo called from the Stones, the publick Street, 
 and the Ford ; becaufe the buildings are ot 
 Free-ftone ; W'hich is dug plentifully at Caher- 
 ton, hard by ; and it is feated on the publick 
 ftreet or high-way, commonly called IVatlmg- 
 ftreet, which was a military way of the Ro- 
 mans ; and feme remains of it are plainly to 
 be feen beyond the town : There was alio a 
 ford', though now it is fcarce paflable. The 
 town is of confiderable largenefs and has two 
 Churches Twhich no other Town in this Coun- 
 *Stands C.^y can boaft of.1 In the middle ^ flood a Crofs 
 (though not very fplendid) eretied in memory 
 of Queen Eleanor of Spain, wife to Edward 
 the firft, and adornM with the Arms ot En- 
 gland, Caflile, and Leon, and of the County or 
 Ponthieu, to which file w’as heirefs. fShe dy d 
 
 at Harehy in Lincolnfhire; and Inch crolics were 
 erefted between that and Weftminfier in ail 
 places where the corps refted ; but that which 
 was eredted in this place, was pulled down in 
 the Civil Wars, and no w^orks of it are now 
 remaining.1 Where the Ford was formerly, there 
 is now a Stone-bridge over the Oufe ; which 
 ufes, in the wintcr-fioods, to break out into 
 the neighbouring fields, with great violence. 
 
 The other fide of the bank is fomething higher,i 
 and there Tat old Stratfordl the Inhabitants re- 
 port the town to have heretofore flood. Near 
 which, isPaffam, fo ca\\' d horn paJJjng the 
 ver ; fb that it may probably be that Pafs w hich 
 Edward the Eider maintain’d againft the plun- 
 dering Danes, while he was fortifying I'cLce- 
 fter. But, after the building ot the bridge at 
 Stony-Stratford, this Pafs was wholly neglected. 
 
 If I fhould guefs this town to have been the 
 Laclorodum of Antoninus ; not only it’s fitua- 
 tion on a military way, and the exadc 
 ces, would favour my conjecture, but the fig' swnes^'x/* 
 nification too of Lathrcd'.wi (fetch’d fiom tht\-,nd Sji a 
 Britifh tongue,) which agrees exacily with Ford, 
 this modern name : for the words in both lan- 
 guages are deriv’d Ircm Stones and a Ford, fit 
 is alfo called LaHa'dorum, and fometimes lAfi^o-Laftodrodtim, 
 drodum and Labhrudum. * The old tow'n in * Burton’s 
 Gaul, call’d Laclorate, perhaps might give 
 thd name; fince f Csfiir has obferv’d, that the^'^g^gj^ 
 Gauls, coming over hither, gave the fame' names^Q^i i. 
 to tovjns, as thofe had, which they left behind them. \ 
 
 Palling hence, the Oufe runs by IVohertm, tne Wolverton. 
 feat ot the ancient Family of the Longvils, f of 
 which family, Henry, Lord Grey of Ruthin, W'as 
 advanced to the dignity of Viicount Longueville, 
 
 in the fecond year of King William and Queen 
 Mary. Haverjham, from which place Sir 
 Thompfon was created a Baron of tins Realm, in 
 the eighth year of William the third, by the 
 title of Baron Haverffmn of Huverffam \ 1 _and 
 Newport-Paynel, lo call’d from the Lord of it, Newport 
 Fulk Paganel. From whom it defcended to the * 
 Barons Someries of Dudley, w^ho had their caftle 
 here. PAc Newport, a river tails into the 
 Oufe from the fburh; which runs near fFing, ysing. 
 the feat of the late Earl of Caernarvon ; oy 
 whofe death, the honour of Baron Dormer of 
 fVing defeenid to a younger branch of the fame 
 family ; the titles ot Viicount and Earl being 
 extina in him : And Blecbeley,the Church where- Blecheley. 
 of hath been much beautilied, at great expence, 
 bv Brown Willis, Efq; Patron thereof.1 From _ 
 Newport, the Oufe runs by Terringham, gi-Ternngham. 
 ving name and habitation to a famous and an- 
 cient family, fa younger branch whereof ftill 
 douriihes at Nether-lVinchingtcn ; but this place -j^gti^er-Win' 
 hath fince come to the Buckwells, by marriage chingwn. 
 with the only daughter and heir of Sir William 
 Terringham^ Then it goes to Oulney, a fmall OuUey. 
 marker-town, fbut remarkable tor it’s goodly 
 Church, wdth a beautiful Spire-Steeple, the only 
 one ( except Hanjlap ) that is in the whole 
 County ; as I have been informed.1 Thus tar, 
 and a little farther, reaches the County of Buc~ 
 kingham, along it’s Boundary the Ouje. 
 
 The firft Earl of Buckingham (as tar as I can E-nls and 
 vet find) was Walter firnam’d Gifford, fon to Dukes of 
 
 Ofbern d^Bolebec, a famous Man among the Nor- - 
 
 mans ; whom, in a Charter of Henry the nrft, 
 we find among the wdtnefles, by the nr.me ot 
 Earl of Buckingham. He was fucceeded m this 
 honour by a fon of the fame name, %Kho mthe 
 book of Abingdon-Monaftyry is llild Earl 
 Walter the younger-, and is- faid to have dyd in 
 rhe year i idq. In the reign of Henry the ft- 
 cond, the famous Richard Strang-bow Earl ot 
 Pembroke (defcended from the filler and heir rt 
 
 Walter 
 
335 
 
 CATT lEUCHLANI. 
 
 Walter Gift'ord the fecond) did, in fome pub- 
 lick Inftruments, make ufe of the fame title. 
 But it afterwards lay vacant for a long time, 
 till it was conferred by Richard the fecond, in 
 the year 1377, on his Uncle T^homoi of IVoodr 
 fiock (of whom we have fpoken before among 
 the Dukes of Gloceiler.) Of his daughter, 
 married to Edmund Earl of Stafford, was 
 born Humphrey Earl of Sralford, created Duke 
 of Buckingham by Henry the fixth ; for whom 
 fighting valiantly, he was flain at the battle of 
 Northampton. To him fucceeded Henry his 
 grandchild by his fon Humphrey [(flain in the 
 life-time of his Father the Duke, at the bat- 
 tle of St. Albans, 34Henry 6 ;)1 which Henry 
 was the chief means of bringing that tyrant 
 Richard the 3 d to the Crown; and prefently af- 
 ter endeavour’d todepofe him, becaufe fas it is 
 faid1 he would not reftore to him the eftate of 
 the Bohuns, to which he was law ful heir. [But this 
 4 Dudg. Bar. could not be the caufe ; | for, after that Tyrant’s 
 T. j. p. 168. advancement, he fign’d a bill for Livery of all 
 thofe Lands unto him, whereto he pretended 
 a right by defcent from Humphrey de Bohuny 
 fomctime Earl of Herefordy and Conffable of 
 England. Dugdale hath given us an abflrad of 
 it ; and is of opinion, that the caufe of this his 
 carriage, was, either remorfe of confcieiice 
 for railing that King to the throne by the bar- 
 barous murther of his nephews, or elfe his 
 obferving himfelf to be negleded by him.] Be-j 
 ing intercepted, he loft his head, and found 
 too late, that Tyrants commonly pull down 
 thofe Scaffolds by W'hich they afeended to their 
 Throne. His fon Edward being reftor’d to all, 
 by the favour of Henry the feventh ; through 
 the wicked praftices of Cardinal Wolfey loft 
 the favour of Henry the eighth, and was at 
 laft beheaded for treafon, for that, among ocher 
 thii^gs, he had confulted a Wizzard about the 
 
 Succeffion to the Crown. He dy’d much la- ' 
 
 mented by all good men. When the Emperor 
 Charles the fifth heard of his death, he is re- 
 ported to have laid, that a Butcher s Dog had run 
 down the finefi Buck in England i alluding to Car- 
 dinal Wolfey ’s being the fan of a Butcher, 
 
 From that time, the fplendour of this family 
 fo decay’d, that his Poftcrity enjoy’d only the 
 bare title of Earls of Stafford. [After the at- 
 tainder and execution of Edwardy the title of 
 Buckingham lay vacant, till the 14'^ of fac. i. 
 when George Vifeount Villars, was created 
 Earl of Buckingham ; and the next year, Mar- 
 quefs of Buckingham 1 and, by a Patent bearing 
 date 18 Maiiy 21 Jac. i, Duke of Buckingham: 
 
 This Georgeybem^ barbaroufly murther’d by one 
 Felton at Portfmouth, Aug. 2 3 , An. 1628, was 
 fucceeded by George his Ion, who dying April 
 i 5 . 1687, without iftue, left the title vacant; 
 and fo it remained, till the fecond year of Queen 
 Anne, when her Majefty created the right See 
 Honourable “John Sheffield, Duke of the County^»<»w, in;* 
 of Buckingham, and Normanby .1 Yorklhire, 
 
 Inhere are in this County 185 Parijhes. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Buckings 
 hamlhire. 
 
 / have not had opportunity of fearching this Coun- 
 ty for Plants, neither have any Jingular, local, or 
 uncommon fpecies growing there, as yet come to my 
 knowledge, fave only 
 
 Sphondylium montanum minus anguftifoli- 
 um, tenuiter laciniatum, okferv’d by Dr. Pluke- 
 net near St. Giles Chalfonc in the mountainopA 
 meadows. 
 
 BEDFORDSHIRE. 
 
 H E County of Bedford, com- 
 monly call’d Bedfordfhire, is one 
 of the three, which we ob- 
 ferv’d before to have been in- 
 habited by the Cattieucblani. 
 On the eaft and fouth, it joyns 
 to Cambridglhire and Hert- 
 fordlhire ; on the weft to Buckinghamfliire ; 
 and on the north to Northamptonfliire and 
 Huntingdonfhire ; and it is divided into two 
 parts, by the Oufe running through it. In the 
 north part, it is fruitful, and woody j in the 
 fouth (where it is much larger) the foil is more 
 poor, but yet tolerable. For it abounds with 
 Barley which is plump, white, and ftrong. In 
 the middle, it is pretty thick-fet with woods ; 
 but eaftw'ard it is more dry, and wants wood. 
 
 The Oufe, at its entrance into this County, 
 Turvy. firft vifits Tui-vy [heretofore! the feat of Baron 
 Barons Mor- ; which family [now Earls of Mon- 
 
 dant. mouth and Peterborough,! is indebted to Hen- 
 ry the eighth for that dignity ; (for he it was, 
 that created fohn Mordant, Baron Mordant ; a 
 perfon of great Wifdom, who had married the 
 daughter and coheir of HVere of Addington-,) 
 fas it is to King Charles the firft, for being ad- 
 vanced, as we faid, to the higher dignity of 
 Harewood.^^’^l-l Next, it glides by Hare-wood, a lit- 
 tle village call’d formerly Hareles-wood, where 
 Sampfon firnam’d ‘The Strong built a Nunnery; 
 
 and where, in the year of our Lord 1399, a 
 hctle before the breaking out of thofe Commo-Seg 
 tions and Civil Wars wherewith England was^/^ma, pag. 
 a long time embroil’d, this river ftood 'ftill, and loa- 
 the water retiring both ways, left a, pallage on 
 foot along the chanel, for three miles together, 
 to the aftonifhment of the Beholders. [The 
 fame thing happen’d again (as I have been in- 
 form’d) the iS'** (or elfe the 28'^) of Janua- 
 ry, in the year 1^48. And as the firft w^as 
 look’d upon to be a Prognoftick of the Civil 
 Wars that enfu’d ; fo may this be as well 
 thought a prognoftick of the death of King 
 Charles the firft.! Afterwards, it runs under 
 Odil or JVoodhill, formerly Wahull, which had odil or 
 alfo its Barons of IVahull, eminent for their Woodhill. 
 ancient Nobility ; where w^as a Caftle, * which* 
 came by inheritance to the Chetwoods. [Leland c. 
 tells us, that the Caftle in his time (then be- 
 longing to the Lord Bray) was nothing but 
 jirange ruins. This place is now the feat of the 
 AUions?^ From hence, the Oufe, no lefs wind- 
 ing than the Meander, is carry a through Blet~ 
 nejbo, commonly Bletfo, formerly the feat ol theBletfo. 
 Patcffuls, afterwards of the Beauchamps ; and 
 no\v of the famous family of St. John, W'ho for- Barons St. 
 merly, by their Valour, became Mafters of s.]ohaoiBlsu 
 great eftate in Wales, and having had the 
 nour of Barons confer’d upon them by Queen 
 Elit^abeth ol blefled memory, were advanced 
 
 by 
 

 Oulne^ 
 
 ^PatiJn 
 
 KeBB OIW.5T0KE 
 
 ^’ewjjort' 
 Parnell j 
 
 Cran/ic/ci 
 
 £■ of Ailsl/un 
 
 Hetkd 
 
 ;w< 7 ->/» F._ 
 
 
 wrnuj 
 
 ■Gtu/e 
 
 f^iimck 
 
 Cl’i-t ; 
 
 WoblLT 
 
 
 
 Ltth 
 
 ^rtk/ult 
 
 J/t /ton S/tan 
 
 a /K-nyjaX rHE A D . 
 
 LrncA/rni 
 
 C.i 7 yinfjn 
 
 H Tj^n 
 
 
 ’Whipf'^aJc 
 
 \shcl^n 
 
 : f 
 
 lIvArt/i a; 
 
 ~J) 0 . 7 n .^ccflCT- 
 
 and^cr 
 
 
 iudhcui 
 
 >toi)bi:,k Himi) 
 
 ^Rifafd' 
 
 NoRTHA 3 M PTOTT 
 
 5 H I R E 
 
 | 3 j^'‘' — 2 _ • • •' T 
 
 /" I ^ 
 
 , i^SAaruSr^ /“« 
 
 , VooMU.cr /’~\ l "‘“''‘f i' 
 
 XardStTodm^,^ ^ A /-/-•// A. — : 3 -tr* 
 
 ^ 
 
 * ^ 7 , An . ( /'"’ - '! 
 
 ITT- X. \ ^ -2 
 
 Wl E L y &ryj \ J 
 
 J-nUnAan^^ j A ^ k- 
 
 J ii /,4 
 
 ZBrnfiM 
 
 OP 
 
 BucmSTGUA^Jil 
 
 S hir r 
 
 ^ iLu’l Sji'a/e 
 
 SoIlI 1)1/ ^J!>n fhcun 
 
 lohn dfiiirchi / 
 
 D . 
 
Tab t 
 
 JT X 1 TVI G , 
 
 OT- , \, jL^.V^l'N’eot 
 
 
 T O JSi 
 
 laroiii! iV/f 
 
 V . . /.,f.>, ir"'' 
 
 4 i t *, 
 
 hike ' 
 
 L- s 5 
 
 Wen 5 |; 
 
 i„ ^ ^ iEr-^"i/’j'/a/^/ 
 
 nHuud. 
 
 ' Ci' 
 
 £lunhaftX-, V 
 
 ’'jr X T) Polton. 
 
 P A B. T or 
 
 ^y^^SCtlur Laknt 
 ^ai B 1 a-lerwatl e 
 
 % .■ 
 
 .y.'rt/u// 
 
 WiXMT, U E E 
 
 Ib- 
 
 CUV'.tr,A-n .. 
 
 \S{r.iffJn 
 
 , ,j. V' JIUJNI), 
 
 ■ \j &, \ HirJjXTTsrU. Ji.' ~J . 
 
 ^ Xvmu \ Sciit/u/f >-d>i^-t/i 
 
 i \f Sheai,..d 
 
 li \ 
 
 C^ljr B B I D C 5 ^ 5 HIRE 
 
 %r 
 
 HititMrn- 
 
 \ ^B/.-uk/uiIl 
 
 Jceiufii' I 
 
 C J, I r T ON \ ■^rctfcyh 
 
 lia ^itcp/au ffJrNii-" ^ 
 
 Baidoclc Still 
 
 / — >•• ^ 
 
 FcfitoiL 
 
 Fart 
 
 '• S/nf/tjitou ' 
 
 or 
 
 «. A 
 
 ^Ktxtoh. 
 
 
 
 4i' /'t 
 
 ? Hund. 1 
 
 Ilr^RTroiiX) 
 
 \^haulton ® 
 
 1 ^ 
 '^IllUlULC 
 
 
 S IIIR E 
 
 Slii/l'S of' I^llIoS 
 
 
 V '>i\ i 
 
i37 
 
 BEDFORD SHIITE. 
 
 338 
 
 little town on the 
 
 by King James the firft to the more honoura-! King did likewife add 
 blc title of Earls of Bolingbroke, Of whom, fouth-lide of the river, call’d by that age (to 
 Pflffl/ct St. John dying unmarried in the year follow the bell: Copy of Hoveden) Mfejgart.Mikcfgate. 
 171 J, the Earldom became extindl, and this In the time of Edward the Confeflbr (as we find 
 
 
 Bedford. 
 
 * Itincrar. 
 
 lllXy EUC k/v-v tiitw 
 
 Barony devolved upon Sir St. Andrevj St. Jobny 
 one ot the defeendants of Sir Rowland St. John, 
 fifth fon of Oli'ver, the fecond Baron of Bletjhoe.'] 
 To the St, ^ohns it came by Margaret de Beau- 
 champ, an heirefs, marry’d, firft to Oliver de 
 St. John, from whom thofe Barons are defeen- 
 ded ; and afterward, to John Duke of Somer- 
 fet, by whom fhe had the famous Margaret 
 Countefs of Richmond, a Woman whofe merit 
 exceeds the higheft Commendations that can 
 be given, and from whom the Royal Family of 
 England is defeended. 
 
 From hence the Oufe haftens to \Brumham, 
 the feat of the Lord T’revor, who being a per- 
 fon of great Accomplifliments, and particular- 
 ly knowing in the Municipal Laws of this 
 Realm, was for many years Chief Juftice of 
 the Common PleaSj and was advanced to the 
 dignity of a Peer of this Realm, by the Title 
 of Baron Trevor of Brumbant. Next, the Oufe 
 goes tol Bedford, in Saxon Bebanpopb, the 
 County-town and which gives name to the 
 whole } and is fo cut by the river, that one 
 would imagin it two towns, but that it is 
 joyn d by a Stone-bric^e. It is more eminent 
 for the pleafantnefs of its fituation, and its 
 antiquity, than for either beauty or largenefs 5 
 and yet it has five Churches, fand hath, of late 
 years, been much improved by new Biuldings, 
 and a fair Market-houfe j and the river alfo 
 hath been made navigable. ^Although both 
 fides of this river are govern’d by the fame 
 Magiftrates, viz., a Mayor, two Bailiffs, &c. 
 yet thus far they make their particular claims, 
 that, whereas they have two weekly markets j 
 the fouth-fide has the Tuefday-one, confidera- 
 ble for all live-cattle ; and the north-fide, the 
 Saturday-one, for all forts of Corn. Of the 
 five Churches alfo, two are feated on the fouth, 
 and three on the north-fide. St. Pauls (as^Le- 
 land tells us) is the principal Church of the 
 town, and was before the Conqueft a College 
 of Prebendaries j and fo it was after too, till 
 the Foundation of Newenkam-Pnory. ^ They 
 had their houfes round the Church j till they 
 were tranflated to Newenbam, by Roijta, and her 
 fon Simon de Beauchamp. In this Town, ann. 
 1551, was built and endow’d a Free-fehool by 
 Sir William Harper, a native hereof, bred a 
 Merchant-Taylor in the City of London, and 
 afterwards Lord Mayor.1 I dare not affent to 
 thofe who think Bedford the LaSiodorum of An- 
 toninm : for neither is it fituate upon a military 
 way (w'hich is the fureft guide in our fearch 
 after the ftations and manjions mention’d by An- 
 toninus,) nor were there ever any Roman Coins 
 dug-up here. I have read, that it was calld. 
 
 lu uie Lime ui JLuwara tne i_jonreiior (^as we nna 
 in Domefday-book) it defended it felf for the half 
 of an Hundred, in expedition and {hips. T’he land 
 of this village never hided. Bur under the Nor- 
 mans, it was a much greater fufterer •, for after 
 Pagan de Beauchamp, the third who was call’d 
 Baron of Bedford, had built a Caftle there, 
 not one civil commotion arofe in the Kingdom, 
 but what had a blow at it, while it was IfanA- 
 ing. Stephen, in the firft place, when he had 
 pofiefs’d himfelf of the Kingdom of England 
 againft his folemn oath, took this Caftle, with 
 great lofs on both fides ; afterwards, when the 
 Barons took up arms againft King John, Wil- 
 liam de Beauchamp Lord of it, and one of the 
 Leaders in that Faftion, put it into their 
 hands j but about two years after, Falco de Bre- 
 aut laidfiege to it, and had it prefently furren- 
 der’d to him by the Barons, and beftow’d upon 
 him by the King. But this ungrateful man 
 afterwards renew’d the war againft Henry the 
 third, and pull’d down the Religious houfes 
 to fortify his Caftle, and very much damni- 
 fy ’d the Country all round ; till at laft the 
 King laid fiege to it, and after fixty days, ha- 
 ving tam’d the infolence of the Rebels, pof- 
 fefs’d himfelf of that Nurfery of Sedition. 
 
 I hope it may not be unacceptable to the 
 Reader, if I recite the methods by which this 
 Caftle was taken, out of an old contemporary 
 Writer, who was an eye-witnefs of it : to let 
 us underftand, how that age tvas little inferi- 
 our to ours in the contrivances of Works and 
 Engines for the deftrmftion of mankind. Warlike En* 
 the eafi-Jide (fays he) was one Petrary and wogines. 
 Mangonels daily playing upon the tower ; and 
 the wefi, two Mangonels battering the old tower ; f * 
 as alfo one upon the fouth, and another on the north Mangonis'. 
 part, which beat down two paffages through the walls 
 that were next them. Befides thefe, there were two 
 machines contriv’d of wood, fo as to be higher than 
 the caHle and tower, ereSied on purpoje for the 
 ^Gunners and Watchmen, "they had alfo feveral * 
 machines, wherein the Gunners and Slingers lay in 
 ambufh. ‘There was moreover another machine, calld 
 Cattus, under which, the diggers who were employ’d 
 to undermine the walls of the tower and caftle, came 
 in and out. The CaHle was taken by four ajfauhs. 
 
 In the firft, was taken the Barbican j in the fecond, 
 the outer Ballia ; at the third attack, the wall by 
 the old tower was thrown down by the Miners, where, 
 with great danger, they poffefs’d themfelves of the in- 
 ner Ballia through a chink. At the fourth ajfault, 
 the miners fet fire to the tower, fo that the Jmoak 
 burft out, and the tower it felf was cloven to that 
 degree, as to fhew vifibly fome broad chinks : where- 
 upon, the enemy furrender’d. 
 
 Concerning thefe Mangonells, Petranes, Trabuc- 
 
 dug-up, here I have ^fad that it was and what our Anceftors 
 
 to be tranflated from the Englifh name. For 
 Lettuy fignifies in Britifh publick Inns, and Letti- 
 dur, inns upon a river ; and our EngUfli Bed- 
 ford implies Beds and Inns at a Ford. Below this 
 Town, about the year 572. Cuthwulph the Sax- 
 on did fo fhatter the Britains in a fet-battle, 
 that he was ever after too hard for them, and 
 had feveral towns furrender’d to him. Nor 
 does it feem to have been neglefted by the 
 Saxons j fince Ofa, that powerful prince ot the 
 Mercians, made choice of this place (as Flort- 
 legm tells us) for his Burial ^ but the be- 
 ing once very rapid, and rifipg higher than or- 
 dinary, fwept away his Sepulchre. The _^o^n 
 V as repair’d by Edward the elder, after it had 
 been deftroy’d in the Danifh wars j which 
 
 \ces, nricuies, 
 
 call’d the Wan-wolf, out of which, betore the 
 invention of Bombs, they threw great Stones, 
 with fo much force as to break open Itrong 
 gates : concerning thefe (I fay) I have feveral 
 things to add, if they were not foreign to my 
 purpofe. But my Author goes on. Faku con- 
 timid Excommunicate, till he had reftored to the 
 Km the capes oj Plumtoii and Stoke-Curcy, as 
 
 alfo the gold and Jiher-iieJfels, -with what money be 
 had -.and then he was carry d to LanMn. Orders were 
 
 viven in the mean time to the Sheriff , to demolijb tae 
 Ycmer.andthe outer BaWh. But the inner Bdha.ajter 
 the Workswere thrown down, and the ditches fill d-up, 
 wai granted to William de Beauchamp tojm tn- 
 The Stones were given to the Canons of Nexcenham 
 and Chadwell, and to the Church oj St. Paul in 
 U u Bedford- 
 
339 
 
 C ATT I EU C H L AN 1. 
 
 340 
 
 Elflow, 
 
 f Lei. Itin, 
 MS. 
 
 » Ibid. 
 
 Cartlc. 
 
 Bi-djOrd. Nothing is now to be feen of it, befides 
 the'' bare tracks, as they hang over the river, up- 
 on the eafl-lide of the town ; faiid on the fite 
 of it, is a fpacious and pleafant.Bou;//K^-^ree«.l 
 Below Bedfordy on both lides, were two very 
 neat, but little, Religious-houfes to the fouth 
 Hektiflov:, now Elfiow, a Nunnery built by 
 Judithn, wife to Waltheof Earl of Huntingdon, 
 and dedicated to Helena mother of Conftantiue 
 Ncwenham.thc Great : to the eaft, Newenhamy which Rot- 
 fa, lie to Pagan de Beauchamp, tranflatcd hi- 
 ther from the Church of St. Paul in Bedford. 
 rfYet her ion, Simon de Belh-Campo or Beau- 
 champ, confirming and completing the ad of 
 his mother, was look’d upon as the Founder j 
 and accordingly, in liis Epitaph, which was 
 before the high Altar of this Church, he is 
 q.cA\' d. Fundator de Nevoeham. * Within two miles 
 of Bedford, was an old CaiUe, call’d by Leland 
 Rilingho- Rifngbo-Cafile, which he fays was a little by 
 ^ weft from CaBle-milL In his time, the building 
 
 was fo entirely deftroy’d, that no part of it 
 W'as vilible j but the Area of the Caftle was 
 eafic to be trac’d, and the great round hill 
 where the Keep or Dungeon ftood, complete.l 
 I’lie Oufe does not go far from hence, till it 
 comes to the footfteps of a ruinous Caftle at 
 Eaton, which was another feat of the Beau- 
 champs-, f(the place, in Lelana’s time, belong’d 
 to the Lord VauU : )1 and fo it bids fare- 
 well to Bcdfordfhire, hard by Bijfemed, where 
 Hugh de Beauchamp, and Roger his brother, 
 built a fmall Monaftery for Canons of St. Au- 
 guftin, as appears by the Pope’s Bull. Thefe 
 lie beyond the Oufe j w'hich, before it comes fo 
 * Call’d by far, is encreas’d by a little * anonymous river 
 xTmSbrd fouth j and at the confiux, ftands 7e- 
 
 f Stativis, ^^ford, noted lor a f Camp of the Danes ; with 
 a Caftle, built at the time when they burthen’d 
 thofe parts with winter-quarters, and demo- 
 lilh’d (as it is thought) that Britifh Fort, the 
 place w iiereof is now crdl’d Chefierfield and Saln- 
 dy, which gives frequent proofs of it’s antiqui- 
 ll Aubr. MS. ty, by throwing-up Roman money, f || Bolides, 
 there have been difeover’d at Sandye, fome fur- 
 ther evidences namely, glafs-urns, and one 
 red urn like Coral, with an Infcription. They 
 have allies in them, and are now, or lately 
 were, in the hands of a Gentleman in Bedford. 
 At CheHerfidd alfo, there is a Roman Camp, 
 where Coins and Urnswere diig-up, about tiie 
 year i6yo j fome of which *were beftow’d up- 
 on the Univeriity of Oxjord.A I am convinc’d 
 from the lituation, that this is the very Salena 
 which Ptolemy fettles among the Cattieuchlani ', if 
 
 Eaton. 
 
 BIflemed. 
 
 cafter, and had attainted A/w, or rather (as 
 Fanhop himfelf fays) the houfe ; he forthwith 
 gave it to Edmund Grey Lord of Ruthin, after- 
 wards Earl of Kent: From whofe * Grandchild* 
 Richard, it came to King Heiiry the eighth, and 
 he ( as the Civilians fpeak) added it to the 
 t Sacred patrimony, or (as our Common Lawyers) + <- 
 to the Crovon j calling the large Eftate belonging 
 to it, the Ho-aouY of Ampthill finto w'hich it 
 W'as erected by Aft of Parliament, in the 
 year of his reign. Here, in a Palace belonging^’ 
 to that Prince, dw’elt Queen Katharine du- 
 ring the progrefs of the Divorce, and from 
 hence file W'as cited to appear before the Com- 
 milTioncrs at Dunflaple. The Town is much 
 improi'ed in Buildings, efpecially by its beauti- 
 ful and convenient Market-houfe and Seffions- 
 houfe, where the AiTizes have been frequently 
 held. Here, in the middle of a moft pleafaiit 
 Park, is a delightful Seat belonging to the Earl 
 of Ailesbury, and built by the Countefs of 
 Pembroke ,* the model whereof w'as deviftd by 
 the incomparable Sir Philip Sidney, in his ArcL 
 dia. Here is alfo another Seat of the Lord 
 Afhhurnham -, and at fome diftance, namely at 
 IVref, a third, the ancient Seat of the Grays, 
 and now the Refidence of his Grace the Duke 
 of Kent. Three miles from Ampthill, a Gold- See 
 Mine was difeovered, not many years iince.1 
 
 More to the north, Ii<?s Haughm-Conquefl, fo Hau^htc 
 call’d from a famous and ancient ^ ' 
 
 By Mr. 
 Tho. Crjfty. 
 
 Salen: 
 
 _ family that Conjueft. 
 in two Com- 
 
 Potton. 
 
 Saldny be the true name, as fome have affirm’d 
 
 was long poftefs’d of it. fHere, 
 mon-fields, ca.Vdd. Great-Danes-field, ^i^dtheQ^g,. 
 other Little-Dunes- field, * are a great many Pits, Little oLes- 
 fifteen foot diameter, or thereabouts. In which field. 
 Parifti is alfo a Houle and a confiderable Eftate, 
 ot the Lord Ha’uerfioam. Near this place, is tt 
 the feat of the Lord C.arteret •, from which, 
 
 Sir George Carteret, w’as, for his loy..ky, created 
 by King Charles the fecond a Baron of this 
 Realm, by the Title of Baron Carteret of 
 Ravines j and, upon his death, the title delcen- 
 ded to fohn his fon and heir, a perlon ot early 
 and great Accomplifhmenrs, ar.d every w'ay 
 qualified to do Honour and Service to his 
 Country i to whom alfo are to defeend the 
 Tit^es of Vifeount Carteret and Earl Gran- 
 ville, in right of his mother, v'ho was youngeft 
 daugliter ot John Earl of Bath, and on wiiom 
 the faid Titles have been confer ’d lince the 
 acceffion of King George to the Throiie.1 To 
 the ffouth! weft is Woburn, where is a little Woburn. 
 School built by FraiKis Earl of Bedford ; and 
 here was formerly a famous Monaftery, built 
 by H. de Bolehec. f Not far from wlience, there 
 
 Stratton. 
 
 to me. I pafs by Potton, a little market-town, 
 having met with nothing relating to it, but on- 
 ly, that f. KinaHon beftow’d it upon Thomas 
 Earl of Lancafter, with the lands belonging it. 
 Nor is there much to be faid of thofe towuis 
 Chickfand. W'hich lie upon this little river namely Chkk- 
 fand, where Pagan de Beauchamp built a little 
 Shelford. Rcligious-houle j, Shelford a market-town ; Bi- 
 uigieivvade.^/^j^^^^ famous for it’s horfe-fair, and ftone- 
 bridge. At a little diftance from wEence, is 
 bVriZttOK, which was formerly the feat of the Ba- 
 rons Latimer, and afterward of the Enderbies, and 
 from them came by Inheritance to the Pigotts. 
 
 Five miles from the head of this river, almoift 
 Awpthill. in the heart of the County, ftands Ampthill, 
 placed upon a lull ; a ftately, royal feat, that 
 may vie with a Caftle i and furrounded with 
 Parks. It was built in the reign of King Hen- 
 ry the hxth, by John Connvale Baron oi Fan- 
 hop, of the French fpoils j whofe goods 
 (as I have read) when Edward the fourth con- 
 hfeated for his fiding with the Houfe of Lan- 
 
 is dug-up great ftore of Fullers-earth, commonly 
 
 call d from the place Wobum-Qz.vxh ; a thing io 
 very ufelul in Cloathing, that the tranfportati- 
 on of it has been ftriftly forbidden.'l Below 
 mburn[a.\{o,'] nx Afpely Govsiz^ they fay there 
 is a lort^of Earth that turns wood into ftone ,■ Larth wm- 
 for an evidence whereof, I liave heard that a ing wood into 
 wooden f Ladder was to be feen in that Mo- #«"'■ , 
 
 nailery, which had been for fome time buried + if" 
 under-ground, and was dug-up a perfea Hone. ' 
 More to the Eail, ‘Tuddingmi (hews its beauti-^uddingwn- 
 ful houfe, built by H. Lord Cheney ; where 
 alfo formerly Paulinm Pever, a Courtier, and 
 Sewer to King Henry the third, did (as Mat- 
 thew Paris tells us) build a feat vdth fiich Palace- 
 like grandeur, fuch a Chapel, fuch Lodgings, with 
 other houjes oj fione cover d uith lead j and furroun- 
 ded it ipithfuch * avenues and parks ', that it yfl/VV+pomiriiS' 
 Aftonifhment in the beholders. We haa not gone 
 far From this place ( by Hockley in the hole, a, 
 dirty road, extreme troubkfome to trsveliers 
 ill winter-time i and through fields of excellent 
 Beans, yielding a pieafant fmell, but by their 
 
 fragrtincy 
 
341 
 
 BEDFORDSHIRE. 
 
 34.2 
 
 tragrancy ipoiling the fcent of dogs, to the 
 great regret of the Hunters j ) till we afeended 
 a white hill, into Chilterny and prefently came 
 Dunfiable, to Dmfiabk, feated in a chalky ground ; pret- 
 ty NN^'ll inhabited, and full of Inns. It has four 
 Streets, anfwering the four quarters of the 
 World; and, becaufe of the drynefs of the foil, 
 
 ★ Lacuna, each quarter has a '* publickPond; which, tho’ 
 {\;ipply’d only with rain-water, is never dry. 
 As for Springs, they can come at none without 
 digging twenty four fathom deep. In the 
 middle of the town, there is a Crofs, or rather 
 pillar, which has engraven upon it the Arms of 
 England, Ci2/??7e,and Pontieu, and is adorn'd with 
 Statues : it was built by 'King Edward the 
 hrft, in memory of his Queen, Eleanor ; as 
 fome others were, in places through which fhe 
 was carry 'd in Fuiieral-pomp to Weftminfter. 
 There is no manner of doubt, but this w'asthe 
 Station which Antoninus the Emperor, in his 
 Magiovi- Itinerary, mentions under the name of Magioni- 
 nium. nium, Magiovinium, and Magintum -, f nor need 
 4 In the 2<i be fought in any other place. For, fetting 
 8ti5 edition,^ ^bat it ftands upon a Roman Military 
 I'tSws/wway ; the Swine-herds now and then, in the 
 Hertford- neighbouring fields, find Coins ot the Empe- 
 
 rors, which they call to this day Madning-money 
 and at a little diftance, on the very defeent of 
 Chiltem-hills, there is a round military fortifica- 
 tion, luch as Strabo tells us the Britifh towns 
 w ere. It contains nine acres, and is call’d Madning- 
 bowre and Madin-bovjre j a name, wherein (with 
 little variation) one eafily difeovers Magintum. But 
 after that Magintum, either by the ftorms of 
 w-ar or time, was defiroy’d, Henry the firfl built 
 another Town here w ith a Royal feat at Kings- 
 bury, and planted a Colony to be a curb to the 
 infolence of Robbers ( as the private Hifiory 
 of the little Monaftery, which he founded for 
 an ornament to his Colony, plainly teftifies.) 
 But take the very words of that private Hi- 
 ftory, tho’ they favour fomethiiig of the bar- 
 barity of that age. It is to be obferv’d, that that 
 * Area. * fimeUre at the meeting of the ’osay 0/ Watling and 
 \ Trimitus Ikeiiing, t firfl contriv’d by Henry the Elder of 
 name King of England, to prevent the mifehiefs 
 Pri-of one Dun a famous Robber , and his Gang : and 
 mm fuccide.that,fiorn this Dun, the place was call’d Dunftable. 
 bmur. Qhy Lord the King built a burrougb there, and a 
 Royal feat for himfelf near it. The Burgeffes were 
 free in every thing, as the other Burgeffes of the 
 Kings Reabn. fhe King had in thejame village 
 a Fair and Market ; and afterwards built a Church, 
 wherein by the authority of Pope Eugenius 3. he 
 plac’d Canons Regular, enfeofingthefaid Religious in 
 the whole Burrough, by Omner, and granting them 
 ■ feveral immunities. TBut we muft not believe, 
 upon the authority of a Monkifh writer, that 
 it is denominated from a robber (who feems 
 to have the name of Dun given him, for the 
 
 Conquefts of Cuthwulph, in the year 571; 
 wherein, among others, he is faid by the Sax- 
 qn-Annals to have taken Lygeaiibupl), wiiich 
 feems more properly to belong to this Leyton, 
 than to Loughborough in Leicefterfhire, where it 
 has been formerly placed. For, fetting alide, 
 that the Saxons generally fix’d in fuch places 
 as the Romans had been in (an Obfervation, 
 that may be confirm’d by numbers of inftan- 
 ces i ) the old name and new do very w^ell 
 agree. The termination - bupb has particular 
 reference only to the fortification that was 
 then there; and why might not the L'/^ean be 
 as w'eil melted into Lay or Leigh, as tne river 
 Ly5ea is now into Lee or Ley ? Befides, the 
 courfe of his Victories doth beft fuit this ; for 
 hew^ent from Lygeanbupb to Ailesbury, and then 
 to Benfington in Oxfordfliire ; which lie almoft 
 in a direct line : whereas Loughborough lies quite 
 out of the road. Nigh to Leighton, is 
 den ; from w'hicii place, Allen Bathurfi (eldcft 
 Son of Sir Benjamin Bathurfi, wiio for many 
 years enjoy’d the Office of Cofter-r under her 
 late Majelfiy -Queen Anne,) w'as by her faid 
 Majefty created a Peer of this Realm, by the 
 title of Baron Bathurfi of Battlefden.1 
 
 Now, of the Lords, Dukes, and Earls ofDukes, Earls,_ 
 Bedford. Firfl, there W'ere Barons of Bedfordf"^ 
 of the family of Beauchamp, who, by right-®^'y^'’ * 
 of inheritance, were Almoners to the Kings 
 of England on their Coronation-day. But the 
 eflate being divided by daughters among the 
 Mowbrays, Wakes, and Fitz.-Otes ; King Edward 
 the third made Engelram de Coucy (Earl of Soif- 
 fbns in France, to whom he had marry’d his 
 daughter,) firfl Earl of Bedford. Afterwards, 
 
 Henry the fifth ercdled Bedford into a Duke- 
 dom, and it had three Dukes ; the firfl, John, 
 third foil of Henry the fourth, who beat the 
 French in a fea-fight, at the mouth of the Seine\ 
 and again, being Regent of France, in a land- 
 fight at Vernoil. He was but} ’d at Roan , and 
 the Fortune of England, as to the French 
 wars, was bury’d with him. Whofe monu- 
 ment while Charles the eighth King of France 
 was viewing, and a Nobleman flood by who 
 advis’d him to pull it down ; No, faid he, let 
 him refi in peace, now he is dead ; whom France 
 dreaded in the field, while living. The fecond 
 Duke of Bedford, W'as George Nevil, very young, 
 and the fon of John Marquefs of Montacute ; 
 both whom. King Edward the fourth did, 
 by Aft of Parliament, deprive of their ho- 
 nours, almofl as foon as he had rais’d them : 
 the Father, for treachery in deferring his par- 
 ty ; and the Son, out of revenge to the Fa- 
 ther : tho’ it was, indeed, urg’d tor a pretence, 
 that he had not Eflate enough to fupport the 
 grandeur of a Duke ; and that great men, w'iicn 
 they want anfwerable Fortunes, are ahvap a 
 grievance and burthen to theirneighbours. The 
 
 Leyton, 
 f Fuller’s 
 Worthies, 
 p.119. 
 
 purcofe;') when the Saxon Dm, and the old j,— u i 
 
 Gaulilh or Eritilh Dmum do fo well alifwer third was Jafier de tarl ot 
 
 the lituation of the place, which is htUj and 
 TneuYitiiiyieeti and when we know alfo, that it is 
 very ancient (a). More to the weft, is Leigh- 
 ton or Leyton, t call’d alfo Layan-kituLari, cor- 
 ruptly from Beaudefert ', about half a mile from 
 which, is a Roman-Camp. And as this ftiews 
 the prefence of that people there ; fo the Emi- 
 nence of this town, even in the beginning of 
 the Saxon times, feems to be prov’d from thofe 
 
 honour’d with this title by Ins t nephew, K'f'g t Nepotc. 
 Henry the feventh, whom he had fa^d in 
 Very great Dangers ; but he, tno he liv d to a 
 great age, dy’d unm.atry’d. 
 
 However, in the memory of * the haft age, it* So Taiil, 
 return’d to the title of an Earldom ; when King ann, 1607- 
 Edward the lixth created John Riijfel, E.ivl ot 
 Bedford; who was fucceeded by his fon Fran- 
 cis, a perfon of that piety, and genteel temper, 
 
 (a) A Woman who liv’d, dy’d, 4”'^ Am, the Coroaa- 
 
 uro 7 R?ng"ct^l=a‘Ac’kM°d, 'r iftwo SwAit. were at the fame time deliver d ol three 
 
 Children each ; one, of three boys, and the other, ot three girls. 
 
 that 
 
343 
 
 CATTIEUCHLANI. 
 
 that whatever can poflibly be faid in his com- 
 mendation, will fall infinitely fliort of his Vir- 
 tues.. His fucceflbr was i his grandchild 
 
 t Is growing, by Francis his fon, who f growing up to the 
 C. honour of his Anceftors, fmarry’d the daugh- 
 
 ter of 'Johnhovd Haringtony and dy’d in idzy. 
 without ifl'ue. Upon which, this title came 
 to Francis Lord Kujfel of ‘ThomhavJy fon of 
 William, fourth fon to the laft Francis Earl of 
 Bedford. Which Francis was father of William 
 Earl of Bedford, who, in the fixth year of 
 King William and Queen Mary, was created 
 Marquefs of Taviftock and Duke of Bedford ; 
 in which honourable titles he was fucceeded 
 by Wriothefley his Grandfon ; w^ho having mar- 
 ry ’d Eliz.abethy only daughter and heir ot "John 
 Howland of Stretham in the County of Surrey 
 ( from whence he had the title of Baron How- 
 land of Stretham,) died in the year 1 7 1 1 , and 
 left, among other ifliie, Wriothefley, the prefent 
 Duke of Bedford.l 
 
 Tfhis little County has iiS Parifhes. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Bedford- 
 ftiire. 
 
 Caryophyllus minor repens noftras. An Be- 
 tonica coronaria, five Caryophyllata repens ru- 
 bra y. B. Creeping wild-Pink. On Sandy-biUs, not 
 far from an ancient Roman Camp. 
 
 Gentianella fugax Autumnalis elatior, Cen- 
 taure* minoris foliis. An Gentianella fugax 
 quarta Clus ? ‘The taller Autumnal Gentian with 
 Centory~like leaves. On Barton-bills upon a wafle 
 chalky ground, as you go out of Dunflable~way to- 
 wards Gorckamhury, Park. p. 407. 
 
 Glaftum fativum Ger. Park. Ifatis fativa vel 
 latilblia C B. Ifatis feu Glaftum fativum y. B. 
 Woad. This Plant is cultivated in this County, in 
 this manner. 'They every year fow the feed (it is 
 never fawn aberue two years together,^ and pluck up 
 the old Woad, unlefs it he favedfor feed. 
 
 It is fown about the beginning of March, and 
 cropt about the midfi of May, thereafter as the 
 leaf comes up. 
 
 It is beji in a fair and dry Summer, but mofi in 
 a moifl ; then they crop it four or jive times accor- 
 ding as it comes. The firjl crop is beJi, every crop 
 after worfe in order, and the laft worft of all. 
 
 As foon as it is cropt, it is carried to the Woad-mill, 
 and ground as fmall as it can be, until it be- 
 comes fit to ball. 
 
 When it is ball'd, they lay the balls on hurdles to 
 dry ; and when it is perfetlly dry, they grind the balls 
 to powder in the Mill as fmall as is pofftble. 
 
 Thus ground, they throw it upon a floor, and wa- 
 ter it, which they call couching, and let it fmoke and 
 heat, turning it every day till it be perfeHly dry and 
 mouldy, which they call jUvering. 
 
 Wlm it is filvered, they weigh it by the hundred 
 and bag it, putting two hundred weight in a bag ; 
 and fo fend it to the Dier as fit for file, who tries 
 how it will die, and they fet the price accordingly. 
 
 The be(i Woad is ufually worth eighteen Pounds 
 per Tom. 
 
 With the tinElure of this Plant the ancient Bri- 
 tains were wont to die their bodies, that they might 
 appear more terrible to their enemies. The Romum 
 call'd this herb in Latin Vitrum, witnejs C$far, 
 Vitruvius, Mela, and Marcellus Empvricus ; 
 which word being manifefily an interpretation of 
 Glaftum, it appears thence that Glafla or Glafie 
 fignified the fame thing to the ancient Britains that 
 it doth to us : and not to a blue colour, as Mr. 
 Camden tells us it now doth to the Wefjh. Why 
 the Britains fhould call this herb Glafie, I know 
 no better reajon than becaufe it rejembles feme kind 
 of Glafs in colour, which we know hath often a 
 tinciure of blue in it, whence aljo a dilute blue is 
 call'd color hyalinus. 
 
 Ghaux Diofeoridis. Diofeorides his Milk-tare. 
 Upon Barton-hills four miles from Lewton, Ger. 
 pag. 1242. This hath been already mentioned in 
 feveral Counties. 
 
 Melampyrum cryftatum. Crefted Cow-wheat: 
 See the Synonymes in Cambridgefhire. It is no lefs 
 plentiful here than there about Blunham and other 
 places. 
 
 Ribes nigrum. Black Currans, Squinancy-ber- 
 ries. By the river-fide at Blunham and elfe- 
 wbere. 
 
 3H 
 
 HERTFORDSHIRE. 
 
 ; P O N the Confines of Bed- 
 , fordihire, toward the Eaft and 
 I partly’- toward the South, lieth 
 I Hertfordfhire, the third of thoft 
 Counties ( as I faid before ) 
 which vere poflefl'ed by the 
 Cattieuchlani. Its Weft-fide bor- 
 dereth upon Bedfordfhire and Euckinghamfhire j 
 the South-fide upon Middlefex ; the Eaft upon 
 Effex, and the North upon Cambridgefhire. It 
 is is well furnifh’d with corn-fields, pafture- 
 grounds, meadows, and little woods j and 
 Norden Hifl fmall, but very clear, ftreams ) fbut Pa- 
 
 of Hertford. ^be leaft in proportion and their mea- 
 
 fhire. dows, here and there difperfed, are many of 
 
 them faid to be cold and mofly ; and the foil 
 in general, to be, in refpebt of fome other 
 Counties, but barren of it felf, without the 
 great toil and charge of the husbandman.! But 
 fo eminent is it for famous ancient places ; 
 that, as to that point, it may juftly difpute pre- 
 eminence with ail its neighbours. For fcarce 
 
 is there any one Shire in England, that can 
 ftiew more footfteps of Antiquity. TAs to Vi- 
 countile Jurifdiftion, both before and long af- 
 ter the time of Edward the third, it was an- 
 nex'd to Efl'ex i and one Sherift lupply’d both 
 Counties, as did alfo one Efeheator. * The * Nord. p* 
 Juftices, for the greater eafe both of tliem- 
 felves and the common people, did by confent 
 divide the whole Shire into three parts or Di- 
 vifions, and accordingly have three feveral 
 Courts for determination of lefler matters ; 
 the more confiderable being referr’d to the ge- 
 neral meeting at Hertford. Thofe who have 
 made Enquiries into the affairs of this County, 
 refer it's flourifhing condition, partly to the 
 many thorow-fares to and from London, whicii 
 has been the caufe of the improvement of 
 their towns ; and partly to the healthful- 
 nefs of the air, -which has induc’d feveral 
 of the Gentry to fettle in it, and given occalion 
 to this faying, f That they who buy a Imfe 
 Hertfordftme, pay two years purebafefor the air.l 
 
 Upon 
 
‘D 
 
 _ 
 
 ^ 
 
 !;L t ^v^LT Barnet ^•.. 2 45«//r/.f * 
 
 
 I JJetfrres 
 
5‘!-5 
 
 HERTFORDSHIRE. 
 
 346 
 
 name of A/hvjelly fo I was formerly of opinion, 
 that the ancient Britains, who were wont to 
 give divine honours to mountains, rivers, foun- 
 tains, and groves, as Gildas hath obferved, 
 had accordingly, on the fame account, and in 
 the very fame fenfe, given to this place the 
 name of Ma^ioninium, and that it was the old 
 Magioninium of Antoninus. But | time hath f Now placed 
 now informed me better j and I am not afham’d g 
 to change my opinion in this point : it is not^^.j,®^ ' 
 
 my humour to be fond of my own miilakes. 
 
 And yet this place has its Antiquity evidenced, 
 by a large fquare fortification hard by J which, 
 by the Roman coins frequently found there, 
 ihows whofework it was. Alfoin Domefday- 
 book (which contains the Survey of all En- 
 gland, taken by William the Conqueror above 
 * fix hundred years ago) it is exprefly termed a* 5 
 Borrough. 
 
 More to the South, I faw Baldocy a Market-Baldoc. 
 town, feated upon a whitifli foil ; concerning 
 which place Antiquity is wholly filent, as 
 well as concerning its neighbour Hitching, for 
 Hitch-end, * fo called from lying at the end of*Nordtn. 
 a Wood call’d Hitch, which formerly came up 
 to it : The main bufinefs of the Inhabitants 
 is Mauhing, and their Market chiefly noted tor 
 
 From thence, we come to Wmondley, feated wimondley, 
 ui a well-cultivated and rich foil j an anci- 
 ent and famous Manour, which is held by the 
 moft honourable tenure in this Kingdom (the 
 Lawyers csW. it Grand Serjeanty,) by which the 
 Lord thereof is bound, on the Inauguration-jeanty, 
 day, to prefent the firft Cup to the King ot 
 England, and for that time to be, as it were, 
 the Royal-Cup-bearer. This Honour was en- 
 ioyed, in virtue of the Lordfhip, towards the 
 beginning of the Norman times, bv a npWe 
 family who had the name of Fitz.-Tecs j fromFitz-Tees. 
 whom it came by a daughter to the Argentons. 
 
 Thefe derived both their name and pedigree 
 from David de Argenton, a Norman Soldier, Argentons. 
 who ferved in the wars under WflUam the 
 Conqueror j in memory of w'hich Office, tliey 
 tall along gave for their Arms Three Cwpj' havd 
 Lt in a field Gules. But at length, upon failure bng given ,0 
 of iffue-male in the reign of Henry the fixth, 
 
 Elituiheth Argenton, who was foie Heir, brougnt 
 to her husband Sir William Allington, Kt. a 
 very fair eftate together with ithis honour ; 
 from whom the feventh in the lineal defceiit, 
 is * Giles Allington, a young Gentleman ot an * So laid 
 obliging and truly generous temper, -who (1 1 7. 
 
 hope) by his own Virtue will add a new 
 to the ancient reputation of this tamily. 1 Ut 
 
 the fame family, KtV 
 
 lard, was created Baron Allington ot Wimndlep 
 in the 35^'* year of King Charles the fecond ; 
 which title expired in Giles fon, for want 
 of heir-male i and the Manour was finee pur- 
 chafed by the Widow of Janies ^ 
 
 Not far from hence is 0 §iey, fo called froraofBeyi 
 King Offa, who frequently refided, and at lalt 
 dv’d!here : and, ( near the military Hexton. 
 
 wav) where, on a high hill, is an oval Camp 
 Tf great ftrength and ancient \Vorks j and near 
 it, on the top of another hill, is a 
 as the Romans were wont to rear tor Soldier 
 flain, wherein many Bones have been found A 
 parcel of Ground near the forefaid Camp, is 
 called EMne-rurlo«£. 
 
 South from Wimondley atorefaid,! near the 
 high-road between Stevenhaugh, and Knebvjortb 
 the feat of the famous family of the 
 faw certain hills caft-up, of a confiderable big 
 nefs • fuch as the old Romans were wont to 
 raife for Soldiers fl^n^in battle, 'vhere the 
 
 Cbronitle of 
 
 Others fay 
 
 wife of Rl 
 {batd dc 
 Clare. 
 
 Star. 32 H. 8. 
 c, 44. 
 
 Tbarficld 
 
 Berners. 
 
 Kutdles. 
 Family of 
 Roffesor RO' 
 cheilers, 
 
 Barons de 
 Scales, 
 
 * De Ripa* 
 
 A(hwel 1 . 
 
 Upon the very edge of the County to the 
 North, where it touches upon Cambridgelhire, 
 Hands Royflon, a town of good note, but not 
 ancient ; as having rifen fince the Norman 
 Conqueft. For in thofe days, there was a fa- 
 mous Lady named Roj/la (by fome fuppofed to 
 have been Count efs of Norfolk,) who erected 
 a Crofs upon the Road-lide, in this place, from 
 thence for many years call’d Royje s Crofs j till 
 Ettffaohius de Marc founded a frtiall Monaftery 
 hard by, to the honour of St. 7 'homas. Upon 
 this occ.afion. Inns began to be built, and by 
 degrees it came to be a town, which, inftead oi 
 Royfe's Crofs, took the name of RoyHan, i. e. 
 Rome’s town. Richard the firft granted it a Fair, 
 as alfo a Market, which is now very famous and 
 much frequented upon account of the Malt- 
 trade. For it is almoft incredible, what a mul- 
 titude of Corn-merchants, Maltfters, and the 
 like dealers in Grain, do weekly refort to this 
 Market ; and what a vaft number of horfes 
 laden with Corn, do on thofe days fill all the 
 . roads about it. fin the 3 id year of King Hen- 
 ry the eighth, a Statute pafled for the redu- 
 cing of this Town into one new Parilh.! 
 
 From hence fouthward, 1 ‘harfield, amongft 
 the tops of fome fmall hills, hangs over Roy- 
 jlon. Here was the feat of the ancient Family 
 of the Berners, defeended from Hugh de Ber- 
 bers ; upon whom, as a reward ’for the valour 
 he had fhown in the Norman Conqueft, 
 am the Conqueror beftow’d a fair eftate in E- 
 oierfdon in Cambridgelhire. And to that degree 
 of reputation did hispofterity arrive, thatjotu 
 Bourchier, who married the foie heirefs of this 
 family, received the title of Lord Berners, upon 
 his being created a Baron, by King Edward 
 the fourth. 
 
 Nor far from hence lieth Nucelks, a place tor 
 merly belonging to the Roffes or Roche[lers. But 
 all its reputation was deriv’d afterwards from 
 the Barons de Scales, who were originally of 
 Norfolk, but heirs to the Roffes. For King 
 Edward the firft, for the great fervices per- 
 formed in the Scotch wars, granted to Robert 
 de Scales certain Lands then worth three hun- 
 dred marks fer annum, and fummoned him 
 amongft his Barons to Parliament. The Arms 
 of this family were Gules with fix Efcallops Argent, 
 which I have feen in feveral places. They 
 flourifh’d till the reign of Edward the fourth, 
 when the only d.aughter and heir thereof was 
 married to Anthony Widevile Earl Riv^s. 
 Whom, as his own moft fignal Valour and his 
 lifter’s marriage with the King had ralfed ; lo 
 the malice of his enemies never left purluing 
 him, till they brought him to his end. For 
 Richard the third beheaded him, though he 
 had no way deferved it. After the death ot 
 tliis Earl’s Lady without iflue, the inheritance 
 W’as divided in the time of Henry the feventh, 
 between John Earl of Oxford and Sir William 
 Tindale Kt. who were found to be next in 
 blood and coheirs; the former by the Homar*, 
 the latter by the Bigods of Felbridge. 
 
 Lower, eaftward, is Afhwell, that is, the 
 Fountain among Aflies, a good large country- 
 Village, and well peopled. It ftands upon the 
 northern border of the County m a low ground, 
 and is famous for Springs which here break 
 forth out of the fide of a ftony bank or creek, 
 cover’d over and fliaded with tall Aflies. Hence 
 the water flows continually in fo large a quan- 
 tity, that it’s current being at a fmall diltance 
 gathered into one chanel, ferves to drive a Mill, 
 Md quickly after becomes a river. From thefe 
 Wells and Aflies together, as it is moft certain 
 that the Englifli-Saxons gave it the modern 
 
 * 500, c. 
 
347 
 
 CATTIEUCHLANl. 
 
 348 
 
 Lea, riv. 
 
 Whetliam- 
 fled. 
 
 firft turf Avas laid by the General. Unlefsone 
 fhould rather fuppofe them to have been pla- 
 ced as limits ; lor it was an ancient cuftom to 
 raife fuch little hills to mark out the bounds 
 of places, and underneath them to lay aiheS; 
 In the Coun. coals, lime, broken potfherds,' drc. aslfhall ftiew 
 ty of Nor- more at Urge in another place. FBut if they 
 thampton. neither Roman burying-places nor bounds, 
 
 I am apt to think they had I'ome relation to tlie 
 Danes. For the hundred at a little diftance, 
 Dacorum- call’d Dacorum-Hundred, and the place within it 
 Hundred. Dcme-end, feem to be an evidence of fome re- 
 Dane-end. markable thing or other, that the Danes either 
 did or fuller’d, in this place. And Norden, in his 
 defeription of this Cemnty, tells us (but upon 
 what grounds, I know not,) that the incurfi- 
 ons of tlie Danes were Hop’d in this place, 
 W’here they receiv’d a fignal overthrow : which, 
 if true, and built upon a good authority, makes 
 this conjeSure the more probable.1 
 
 Lower, and more to the South, lies the head 
 of the river Lea, by our Anceftors call’d Li- 
 gean ; w’hrfh with a very getitle ftream palleth 
 hrft by IVhethamfied, a place very fruitful in 
 vjfKOty from whence alfo it took its name. John 
 * De Loco of * WhetJmmUedy there born and thence na- 
 frumentario. mcd, was by his Learning and Fame a great 
 ornament to it, in the days of Henry the 
 Brocket-hall. hxth. From thence it runs to Brocket-halii the 
 feat of tire Knightly family of the Brodiets, 
 r from w hom it palled by marriage to the Reads 
 Wood-hall, and IVoodhall, f heretofore! the feat of the But- 
 lers, who being defeended from a Baron of 
 Wem, by marriage came to the efface of the 
 Gobions fas this eftate, by tire fame way, pafled 
 to Francis ShaBcrf^s of Diggitrfwortb.'l Thence 
 Bilhops Hat- it comes near Bifhofs-Hatfield,z town feated up- 
 field. Qjj Qf a hill j on the upper part where- 
 
 4 Now, C. of ftandeth a very fair houfe, f once belonging 
 to the King, as it did before to the Bilhops of 
 Ely j which was re-built and beautified by 
 John Morton Bilhop of Ely : for King Ed- 
 gar gave forty bides in this place to the 
 Church of Ely. fBut now it is neither 
 Royal, nor Bilhop’s feat ; but belongs to 
 the Earls of Salisbury, being a place of great 
 pleafure upon the account of it’s Parks and 
 other conveniences. For lituation, contri- 
 vance, building, profpeft, and other neceflkries 
 to make a complcat feat, it gives way to few 
 in England. In this Parifh, is alfo a feat of 
 the Earl of Aiiglcfey, with a Park belonging to 
 it. 
 
 From this Hatfield, moll of our Hiftorians 
 affirm that William de Hafield, fon of King Ed- 
 ward the third, took his name ; though it was 
 really from Hatfield in Yorkfhire : where, to 
 the neighbouring Abbot of Roch, Queen Philip- 
 pa gave five marks, and five nobles per Annum 
 to the Monks, to pray for the foul of this her 
 fon and the iums, being transferr’d to the 
 V. Torijhire. Church of York, are now paid by the Earl of 
 Devonlhire. I From Hatfield, the Lea pafles on 
 Hertford, to Hertford, which in fome copies of Bede is 
 written Hemdford, in that paflage where he 
 treats of a Synod holden there A. D- dyo. 
 Which name lorae will have to lignifie the 
 Red-Ford. Red Ford, f(a name, that would agree well 
 enough to the South and Weji parts of the Coun- 
 ty, where the Soil is a red earth mix’d with 
 gravel andl others the Fbrd of Haa-ts. fit is 
 called in Saxon Heopcpopb j a name, no doubt, 
 taken from a Hart, with which fort one may 
 eafily imagine fuch a woody Country to have 
 Hartingford. formerly abounded. Hartingford adjoyning makes 
 alfo for that Opinion and the Arms of the 
 Town, which (if rightly reprefented by Spede) 
 
 put it beyond difpute, that this at leaft was 
 
 the tradition j and yet two late Writers (con-PaT 
 
 ..I.;., c. P‘o: 
 
 trary to the plain import of the Saxon name) Chancy \ 
 do Hill chufe, rather to interpret it a red Ford 5 251. ’ 
 
 contending at the fame time ( partly, from 
 chat Analogy of the names,) that it was the 
 Darocobrina of Antoninus, which they fay, in 
 Britifh, implies as much as a red-water-paf 
 fage .1 
 
 This Town, in the time of William the 
 Conqueror, as we find in Domefday-book, dif- 
 chargd it felf for ten hides, and time were in it 
 twenty fix Burgeffes, But in our days it is but 
 thinly inhabit ^ ; being chiefly confiderable for 
 its Antiquity : for the whole County took its 
 name from it, and it Hill continues the Shire- 
 town. It hath a Caftle feated upon the riveC 
 Lea, whidi is thought to have l^n built by 
 Edward the elder j and was enlarged firft by 
 the family of Clare, to whom it belong’d. For 
 Giflebert de Clare, about the time of Henry 
 the fecond, had the title of Earl from this 
 Herudford j and Robert Fitz-walter, who was 
 ot the fame houfe of Clare, when King Ste- 
 phen feized into his hands all the Caftles 
 of England, directly told the King himfelf 
 (as we read in Matthew Paris) that by 
 ancient right the cuftody of that Caftle be- 
 long’d to him. After that, it came to the 
 Crown, and King Edward the third grant- 
 ed to his fon John of Gaunt, then Earl of 
 Richmond, afterward Duke of Lancafter, this 
 Caflie, together with the Town and Honour of Hen- 
 fir d j that there (as the V'ords run in the Grant) 
 he might keep a houfe fuitable to his quality, and 
 have a deeem habitation. (Here is a very fair 
 School, founded by Richard Hale, a native of 
 this County, who endowed it with forty pounds 
 per Annum?, 
 
 From hence the river Lea quickly reacheth 
 Ware, fo named from a fort of dam anciently Ware, 
 made there to ftop the current ; commonly 
 called a Weare or a Ware. fWhich, as it is con- 
 firm’d by an abundance of waters thereabouts, 
 that might put them under a necellity of fuch 
 contrivances ; fo particularly, from the inunda- 
 tion in the yea? 1408, when it was almoft all 
 drown’d j fince which time ( fays Norden ) and 
 bfiore, time was great prervifion made by wayres 
 and fiuces for the better prefervation of the town, 
 and the grounds belonging to the fame. The plenty 
 oi waters hereabouts, ^ave occafion to that in- 
 genious and ufeful projeft of cutting the cha- 
 nel irom lienee to London, and conveying thi- 
 ther the New-river ; to the great convenience New-nVer, 
 and advantage of that City. Which river was 
 at firft called alfo Middletons Waters, from 
 Sir Hugh Middleton, a great Undertaker in that 
 Work. For the better effeiSiiig of this, two 
 feveral Adts ot Parliament were granted j, 
 
 the City of London j who finding it too char-c. 18. 
 geable, and thereupon delifting, Hugh 
 dleton himieM (affiftod by divers Gentlemen )'■ ^^‘ 
 brought the river near the City j and for the 
 compleating ot this defign, and preferving of 
 the River, a Corporation was eredted 17 fac. 
 
 1 . by the name ot the Governors and Company 
 of the New River, &c.l This Town was 
 firft very prejudicial to Hertford ; and now by 
 its populoufnefs hath quite eclips’d it. For in 
 the time of the Barons Wars with King John, 
 under the countenance and protedlion of it’s 
 Lord the Baron ot Wake, it prefum’d to turn 
 the high-road hither ; whereas before that time 
 it w’^as a fmall Village, and no Wagons could 
 pafs hither over the river, by reafon of a chain inrpexlmus 
 
 , - . i. ,, drawn crofs the bridge, the key whereof w.asH.8. 
 
 are a Han couchant in the water, ihould feem to always in the cuflody of the BaiJiffi of Hert- 
 ford. 
 
HE RT FORD S H I RE. 
 
 Forianiam. 
 
 Tourna* 
 
 nients. 
 
 Ann. Sax. 
 lOltf* 
 
 ford. Much about tlie fame time, Gilbert Mar- 
 pMil Earl of Pembroke, then the principal Peer 
 of England, proclaimed a T'ournament on horfe- 
 back at this place, under the name of a For- 
 tunyj defigning thereby to elude the force of 
 the King’s Proclamation, by vhich Tourna 7 nents 
 had been prohibited. This drew hither a ve- 
 ry great concourfe of Nobility and Gentry ; 
 and when he came himfelf to make his Ca- 
 reer, his horfe unfortunately broke the bridle 
 and threw him, and he was, in a miferablc 
 manner, trampled to death. Thefe Tourna- 
 ments were publick excrcifcs of Arms, practis’d 
 by Noblemen and Gentlemen •, and were more 
 than meer fports or diverfions. They were 
 firft inftituted (if we may believe Munftcr) in 
 the year of our Lord 934, and were managed 
 by their own particular Laws, which may be 
 feen in the fame Author. For along time, this 
 praftice was continued in all parts, to that de- 
 gree of madnefs, and with fo great a flaughter 
 of perfons of the beft quality, efpecially here 
 in England, from the time King Stephen had 
 Keubrigcniis* in . the Church was forced by 
 
 Match! Par. feveral Canons exprefly to forbid them, with 
 Ar. 124?. this Penalty annexed. That whoever fhould 
 happen to be flain therein, fhould be denied 
 Chriftian Burial. And under King Henry the 
 third, by advice of Parliament, it was cnafted, 
 that the Offenders eftat'es fhould be forfeited, 
 and their children difinherited. And yet in 
 contempt of that good Law, this evil and per- 
 nicious Cuftom prevail’d long after, and was 
 not wholly laid afide till the reign of King 
 Edward the third. [The ancient Saxon-An- 
 nals, in the year 10 1 5, fpeak of the Danes fail- 
 ing mco Appan, when they had a defign up- 
 on the Kingdom of Mercia ; and as that place 
 is not yet found and fettled, there is room 
 for a Conjefture, that the true reading may 
 be, CO papan, and, that, on that, fuppofition, 
 they came to this place along the river Lea. 
 But this, by the by. 
 
 North from tVare, is Burnt-Pelhanty fo call’d, 
 from fome great fire that hath happen’d here. 
 *Nord.p.2i.* There w'ere fome fragments ancl foundations 
 of old buildings, which appear’d plainly to 
 have been confura’d by fire, and fo to have 
 given name to the place j and in the walls of 
 the Church, a very ancient monument, namely, 
 a man figur’d in ftone, and about him an eagle, 
 Mon. f. 549.^ lion, and a bull, all winged, and a fourth 
 of the fhape of an angel j poiTibly, contriv’d 
 to reprefent the four Evangelifts. Under the 
 feet of the man, a Crofs-flowry, and under the 
 Crofs a ferpent.1 
 
 Betwixt the two Towns, IVare and Hertford, 
 which are fcarce two miles afunder. Lea is en- 
 creas’d by two fmall rivers from the North. 
 Afler names them Mimera and Beneficia; fand 
 the Saxon-Annals, Memepa and Benepica.1 I 
 fhould guefs that to be the Beneficia, upon which 
 Bennington ftands, where the BenReds, a noted 
 family, had formerly a fmall Caftle : And that 
 to be the Mimera which pafleth by Pukerkh, a 
 place that obtain’d the privilege of a Market 
 and Fair by the Grant of Edward the firft, 
 which was procured by the Intereft of William 
 le Bland. Behind Puckerich, is Mnnden FumF 
 'vall-, w'hich deferves to be mention’d on this 
 account, that it liad for its Lord, Gerard de 
 Furnivall (from whom alfo it took it’s name) 
 a younger fon of Gerard Fumivall of Sheffield. 
 But now^ let us return to the river Lea and the 
 town of Ware as far as which place the 
 Danes came up the river in their light Pinna- 
 ces, as After relates it, and there built a Fort : 
 which when King Alfred could not take by 
 
 Burnt'Pel* 
 ham, 
 
 Pukerich. 
 
 Furrivall. ' 
 
 force, he dug three new Chanels, and did fo 
 turn the w.aters of the Lea out of their old 
 courfe to hinder the return of their Fleet, that 
 from that time the river w'as of very little ufe 
 to the neighbourhood ; till it was long fince 
 reftored to it’s ancient Chanel, and made more 
 commodious for the conveyance of wares, corn, 
 
 &c. The Lea, foon after it hath left Ware, 
 fand pafs’d by (w'here Sir Edward Baejh Stuniied. 
 
 endowed a fair Almfhoufe, and a Grammar- 
 School ; befides a confiderable benefadion given 
 to the Church ;)1 receives from the eaft a fmall 
 river named Start, which firft runneth by .Bz-BifliopsStor»- 
 fi)ops Storford, [formerlyl a little town, fbut now Tord. 
 grown into a confiderable place, well flock’d 
 with Inns, and a good Market. It is built in 
 the form of a Crofs, having four Sheets poin- 
 ting to the four quarters ; in the four Roads 
 anfwering to which, were anciently four 
 Crofles. It was formerly! fortified with a 
 fmall Caftle ftanding upon an hill, raifed by artp n, . 
 within a little Illand. Which Caftle, William Waymore. 
 the Conqueror gave to the Bifliops of London ; 
 whence it came to be called Bijhops Stortford. 
 
 But King John, out of hatred to Bifhop William 
 fde S. Maria, made Bifliop ann. 1199, the fame 
 ^'ear he came to the Crown,)! demolifhed it. 
 
 It feems to have been of great ftrength, having 
 within it a dark and deep Dungeon, call’d the 
 ConviB's Prifon but that this name denotes Convift’s 
 fome great privileges formerly belonging to it, Prifon. 
 
 I dare not (with a late Author) affirm j be- 
 lieving it to be no other, than the prifon which 
 the Bifhop of London might probably have in 
 that place, for the fafe-keeping of Clerks Con- 
 viB. In one of the windows of the Church, 
 are the names of King AthelRan, Sc. Edward, 
 and King Edward-, but of no other later Kings.1 
 
 From thence the Lea p.ifteth on to Hunfdon, Hunfdon. 
 which place, by the favour of Queen Eliza- 
 beth, gave the title of Baron to Sir HeniyCa-garon of 
 ry, then Lord Chamberlain. For, befides that Hunfdon. 
 he was defeended from that family of the 
 Dukes of Somerfet which was of the Blood 
 Royal, he alfo w'as by his mother Mary Bolen, 
 Coufin-German to Queen Elizabeth. The Lea, 
 having receiv’d this iraall river, hafteneth with 
 more full and brisk current toward thd 
 Thames ; and in it’s paflage thither, falutes 
 T'heobald-houfe, commonly ctdkdTtbauld’s,(i place, xheobald- 
 than W'hich, as to the Fabrick, nothing f could houfe. 
 be more elegant j and as to the Gardens, F Can, C. 
 Walks, and Wildernefles, nothing more plea- 
 fant. This Houfe was built by that Neftor 
 of Britain, the right honourable Baron Bur- 
 leigh Lord Treafurer of England (to whom 
 more particularly this river is obliged for the 
 recovery of it’s ancient Chanel,) fand was very 
 much improv’d by his fon Robert, * who ex-*Stat. 4 J,t. 
 chang’d it with King James the firft for Hat- 
 field-hoxt(i2. fill theyear during the^pun. Wor. 
 
 Civil Wars, it was quite defac’d, and the plun-p. 17. 
 der of it fliar’d among the Soldiers.! 
 
 But now let us return to the heart of the 
 County, where are places more ancient. Twelve 
 miles Weft from Hertford, ftood Verolamium^ 
 
 in old time a very famous City. Tacitus c.iils 
 it Vendamiim j and Ptolemy, Urolanium, and 
 Verolamium. The licuation of this place is well 
 known to have been clofe by the tow'n of Sf 
 Albans in Caifho Hundred (w'hich Hundred Albans, 
 was, without doubt, inhabited by ^thofe 
 of whom Cccfar makes mention.) The Saxons 
 call’d it 7adin5a-cer^ep, from the famous 
 high- way named Watlingfireat ; and Peplam- 
 ceapeep. Nor hath it yet loft it’s ancient name ; 
 for it is ftill commonly call’d Verulam, altho 
 nothing of that remains, befides ruins of w'alls, 
 chequer d 
 
351 
 
 CATTlEUCHLANl 
 
 352 
 
 MunicipU. 
 
 chequer’d pavements, and Roman Coins winch 
 they now and then dig-up. fSome oi the Ro- 
 man bricks do aifo Hill appear ; and the great 
 Church here was built outoi the rums otOU 
 Verulam ! for altho’ Time and Weather have 
 made the outfide look like Stone, yet it you 
 break them, or go up to the Tower, the red- 
 nefs of the brick prefently appears, J^out 
 the year 1666, here was found a Copper Com, 
 w'hich h.ad on one lide Romulm and Remus fuck- 
 ing the Wolf, and on the other Rome-, but 
 was much deiaced.1 
 
 The Town was featcd on the lide ot a 
 gentle hill, to the call ; and was fortified with 
 very ftrong walls, a double rampire, and deep 
 trenches to the fouth. And on the eaft, it 
 had a fmall rivulet, which formerly made on 
 that fide a large Mere or Handing water : 
 whereupon, it has been conjcaur d, that this 
 CafT.belinus was the town of Caffihelims (fo well detended 
 his town, by woods and raarflies,) which was taken by 
 Csfar. For there is not, that I know ot, any 
 other Mere hereabouts. In Nero s time, it 
 was efteem’d a Municipium ; which gave occa- 
 fion to Ninius, in his Catalogue of Cities, to 
 call it Caer-Munkip. So that, there is no doubt, 
 but this was that Coer Munictpiumy which Hu- 
 bert Goltzius found in an oldinfcription. Thefe 
 Munkipia, were Towns, whofe Inhabitants en- 
 joyed the rights and privileges of Roman Ci- 
 tizens. And the name arofe a munerihus ca~ 
 piendisy i. e. from their capacity to bear pub- 
 lick Offices in the Common-wealth. As to 
 Orders and Degrees, they had their Decuriones 
 (Senators or Mailers,) their Equites ( or Gen- 
 tlemenj) and their Commons : As to their 
 publick Council, they had a Senate and Peo- 
 ple } As to their Magiftrates and Priefts, they 
 had their Duumviri and ‘Triumviri to admini- 
 iler Juftice ; and alfo their Cenfors, ^Ediles, 
 ^uscilors, and Flamins. But whether this our 
 Verulam was a Munkipiumy with Suffrages, or 
 without, is not eafie to determine. A Munh 
 cipium with Suffrages they call’d that, which 
 was capable of puNick honours s as they call- 
 ed the other which was uncapable, a Muni- 
 eipium without Suffrages. In the reign of the 
 fame Nero, when Bunduica or Boadicia, Queen 
 of the Iceniy out of an inveterate hatred of 
 the Romans, had raifed a bloody War againil 
 them, this town ( as Tacitus writes ) was by 
 the Britains entirely ruin’d. Of which Sue- 
 tonius makes mention in thefe words : Thefe 
 miferieSy vihich v^ere the efeBs of that Prince’s in- 
 humanity, •were attended with great /laughter in Bri- 
 * Verulam tain, where * two of the chief towns in that IJland 
 ana Mai- fack’d, with a dreadful (laughter both of Ro- 
 
 man Citiz^ens and their Allies. Yet afterward, 
 this City flourifhed again, and grew up to a 
 great degree of eminency. And I have feen fe- 
 veral pieces of ancient money, which in all 
 probability were coin’d here, with this Infcrip- 
 tion, TASCIA j and on the reverfe VER. 
 which the moft inquifitive and learned Anti- 
 quary David Powel S. T. P. interprets. The 
 Ta/c, v/hit it •x’rihute of Verulam. For Tafc (as he fays,) in 
 lignifies. Britifh fignifies Tribute, Tafcia a Tri- 
 
 bute-penny, and Tafcyd the chief Colleftor of 
 Tribute. ■ .. 
 
 once more 
 
 Some will have it, that thefe pieces w^fe 
 coyn’d before the coming-in of the Romans : 
 
 But I am not of their mind. For 1 have al- 
 ways thought them to be the Tribute-money 
 W'hich the Romans (as I obferv’d before) were 
 wont every year to raife by Poll, and by a 
 Land-tax. For before the coming of the Ro- 
 mans, I can fcarce think that the Britains coyn’d 
 money. And yet I am not unmin 4 ful of what 
 Csefar writes of them : They ufe, faith he, brajs- ney. 
 Money, or rings of Iron made to a certain weight ; 
 where ancient Copies have Lanceis ferreis, for Others 
 which the Criticks have fubflituted La)nims'“‘lk. 
 ferreis, i. e. Plates of Iron. But it would be 
 impertinent to repeat my former Difcourfe up-©f t^e Bri- 
 on this SubjeS : let us therefore return to the tilh Coins, 
 bufinefs in hand. As to Vemlam ; no one 
 thing was fo great an honour to it, as that it 
 brought forth Sr. Alban, a Perfon defervedly 
 eminent for his piety, and fteadinefs in the 
 Chriftian Faith : V'ho, when^ Dioclefian, by all 
 forts of torments, endeavour’d the utter extir- 
 pation of the Chrifliaii Religion, did with an 
 invincible conftancjf of mind fufter Martyr- 
 dom, the firft Man in Britain. For which rea- 
 fon he is called Our Stephen, and the Protomar-yl^xti■r. 
 tyr of Britain ; and Fortunatus Presbyter men- 
 tions him thus : 
 
 Albanum egregium fcecunda Britannia prd- 
 fert. 
 
 And fruitful Britain holy Alban fhews. 
 
 Alfo Hiericus a Frenchman, who flourifh’d 
 f eight hundred years fince, gives an account in \ 
 
 Verfe of St. Alban’s Martyrdom ; and how yfe 
 his Executioner was, by a miracle, flruck of 5 t. Ger- 
 blind. 
 
 Millia pocnarum Chrijli pro nomine pajfus. 
 Quern tandem rapuit capitis fententia caf. 
 Sed non liEiori cef/it res tuta fuperbo, 
 Vtque caput SanUo, ceciderunt lumina. 
 favo. 
 
 After a thoufand fufferings for the Faith, 
 
 When judg’d at laft to end them all with 
 death ; 
 
 The bloody LiBor did juft Heav’n fur- 
 prife. 
 
 And as the Saint his head, the Villain loft 
 his eyes. 
 
 before. 
 
 ly, and Jajcyd the chier Lollector or 
 But, if you pleafe, view the Coyn 
 i i for I have given you a fight of it 
 
 In an old Agonal, or Hiftory of his Paffion, 
 we are told that the Citizens ot Verulam caus d 
 an account of his fuftering to be exprefled on 
 a Marble \ which they plac’d in their town- 
 walls, as a publick difgrace to him, and a ter- 
 ror to all Chriftians. But afterwards, w'hen the 
 blood of Martyrs had overcome the cruelty of 
 Tyrants, the Chriftians built a Church here to 
 his memory ; which, , as Bede tells us, was a 
 piece of moft admirable workmanfhip. And 
 now Verulam came to be fo much reverenced for 
 it’s fanctity, that An. Dom. 42P. a Synod was 
 held here upon occafion of the Pelagian Here- 
 

 H E RT FO R D S HIRE. 
 
 354 
 
 fy, \vhich was fprcad a-ncw over the Ifland 
 by Agricola foil to Severianus. a Bifliop ; and 
 had. fo generally infefted tiie Bririfii Churches, 
 that, CO maintain the true Faith, they were 
 forc’d to fend into France for Germanus Bifhop 
 of Auxerre, and Lupus Bifhop of "Troies ; who, 
 confuting the herefie, render’d themfelves there- 
 by very venerable to the Britains j efpecially 
 St. German, as appears by, the many Churches 
 dedicated to him in this Ifland. Particularly, 
 there is hill remaining near the walls of this 
 5t. German’s ruin’d City, a fmall Chapel, which bears that 
 Chapel- Saint^s name ; tho’ otherwife profanely em- 
 ployed, It {lands in the very place where St. 
 German preached to the people ; for which 
 we have the authority of fome ancient Records 
 of St. Alban’s Church. We are told farther 
 by Conftantius (who liv’d at the fame time) 
 in the life of St. German, that he caufed the Se- 
 pulcher of St. Alban to be opened, and plac’d 
 therein the Reliques of certain Saints, that they 
 •whom one Heaven had receivedy might alfo reji toge- 
 ther in one Sepulchre. I take notice of this by the 
 way, that we may hence colIeiS vthat was the 
 cuftom of that Age. Not long after, Verulam 
 foil into the hands of the Saxonis. But Uther 
 the Britain, for his ferpentine fubtilty firnam’d 
 Pendragon, recover^ it, with much difficulty 
 and after a very tedious liege. After whole 
 death, it fell again into the lame hands. For 
 Gildas’s words plainly enough intimate, that 
 4 the Saxons in his days were polfefs’d of this 
 City. Godi faith he, hath lighted up unto m yhe 
 mofi clear Lamps of his Saints ; whofe burial-pla- 
 ces, as viell as the places of their pajjton, might excite 
 in our fouls a great fervour of divine love every time 
 we caji our eyes upon them, ij (as a punifhment to 
 our great •wickednefs,) the Barbarians had not been 
 fuferd to rob us of them : J mean, St. Alban at 
 Verulam, &c. Verulam was now quite ruin’d by 
 thefe Wars, when about the year of our Lord 
 7 ^ 5 - Ofa, the moll potent King of the Mer- 
 cians, founded over-againll it in a place they 
 Holmchurft. tailed Holmehurft, a Very large and {lately Mo- 
 nallery to the memory of St. Alban, or as his 
 Charter exprefles it, unto our Lord jefus Chrifl, 
 and to St. Alban the Martyr, whofe Reliques the 
 divine Grace hath dijeover d, as a hoprful pledge both 
 of our prefent profperity, and of our future happi- 
 nefs. Together with the Monaftery, there pre- 
 fently grew up a Town, which from the Saint 
 SL Albans.took th^e name of St. Albans. The fame King 
 Offa, and feveral other Kings of England his 
 Succcflbrs, did bellow on this Monaftery very 
 large pofl'eflions, and obtain for it from divers 
 Popes very ample privileges. I will here recite 
 a pafl’age to that purpofe out of Florilegus, that 
 you may obferve the extraordinary liberality of 
 our Princes Co the Church. Thus therefore he. 
 'The mofi tnighty King Offa gave to S. Alban the 
 Protomartyr a town of the Royal Demefne, which is 
 difiant about twenty trfiles from Verulam, and is 
 ♦Perhaps called * Uneflaw, and f many other lands round a- 
 WintSlov,, 
 
 as may be feen in that Kings Charter, kept to 
 Monaftery. The immunities 
 and privileges whereof are fo large and peculiar, that 
 it is exempt from paying the Apoftolkal duty to the 
 * That is, ot Pope, called * Romefcot ; whereas neither the King, 
 Peony ^ Arci'bifisop, nor any other Bifhop, Abbot, or 
 Prior, nor any other perfon wbatfoever in the whole 
 Kingdom, is exempted from this payment : this place 
 alone is exempt. Furthermore, the Abbot, or a Monk 
 aBing as Archdeacon under him, exercifes Epifcopal 
 ^urijditlion over all the Clergy and Laity refiding 
 on any of the lands appertaining to the Monaftery ’, 
 fo that the Abbot hereof is not fubjeSl to any Arch- 
 biftoop, Bifhop, or Legate, but to the Pope alone. 
 This aljo deferves oar Obfervation, that when tlse 
 
 magnificent Prince Offa made, a gift to the Pope of the 
 Peter-pence of bis Kingdom j he obtain’d this par-^ 
 ticular privilege for the Church of St. Alban the 
 Protomartyr , of England, that that OmYch might 
 coUeEl and retain to it s own ufe, all the Romelcot ■ 
 or Peter-pence throughout Hertfordfhire, in which 
 County that Church ftands. Wljerefore, as the Church 
 it felf by the Kings. grant enjoys all manner of Roy- 
 alties, fo the Abbot of. the place for the time being 
 hath all Epifcopal Ornaments. Alfo, Pope Ha- 
 drian 4- who was born near Verulam, granted 
 CO the Abbots of this Monaftery ( thefe are 
 the words of the Privilege) That as St. Alban is 
 well known to be the Protomartyr of the Englift} 
 
 Nation, fo the Abbot of his Monafiery fhould in all 
 times be reputed the firft, in dignity, of all the Ab- 
 bots in England. Neither did the Abbots neg- 
 leift any Improvements that might be ufeful or 
 ornamental to it 5 Hlling up with earth a large 
 Pool or Mere_ which lay under the town of 
 Verulam. The memory of this Pool remains 
 in a certain ftreet of the town call’d Fifttpool- 
 ftreet. Near which, wLen Anchors happen’d Anchors doe. 
 in our memory to be dug-up, fome (led into a up. ”* 
 miftake by a corrupt place in Gildas) prefently 
 concluded, that the Thames had formerly had 
 it’s courfe this way. But concerning this Mere 
 or Ftfbpool, an ancient hiftoriaa writes thus : 
 
 Alfrk the Abbot purchas’d for a great fum of mo- 
 ney a large and deep Pond call’d Filhpool, which by 
 its vicinity was very prejudicial to the Church of St. 
 
 Alban. For the Fifttery belonged to the Crown, and 
 the King s Officers and others that came to fifty, 
 were troublefome and changeable to the Monafiery 
 and the Monks. The fard Abbot therfore drein’d the 
 water out of the Pool, and turnd it into dry land. 
 
 If I fhould lay ftrefs upon the Stories com- 
 mon among the People ; viz., how great plenty 
 of Roman Coins, how many Images of gold 
 and filver, how many velfels, how many marble 
 Pillars, how many capitals ; in fine, how many 
 wonderful pieces of ancient work, have been, 
 fetch’d out of the earth; I Could not, in reafon,ex- 
 peift to be credited. However, take this fliort ac- 
 count, upon the credit of an ancient Hiftorian. 
 
 Ealred the Abbot, in the reign of K. Edgar, About the 
 
 ing the old fubterraneom Vaults of V erulam, broke year 960. 
 them all down, and ftop’d up the ways and paffa- 
 ges under-ground which were arch’d over very artifi- 
 cially, and very firmly built ; fome whereof were 
 carried under that water, which in old time almoft 
 encornpaffed the whole City. This he did, becaufe 
 they were ordinary lurking-places of thieves and 
 whores. He fill’d up the ditches of the City, and 
 flop’d up certain Caves thereabouts, whither Malefa- 
 Bors us’d to fly for Refuge. But he laid afide all 
 the tiles, and fuch Stones as he found Jit for build- 
 ing. Hard by the bank, they happen d upon oaken 
 planks, with nails flicking in them, cover’d with 
 pitch, as alfo fome other Jhipping-tackle, particularly. 
 
 Anchors half eaten with ru(i, and Oars of fir. And 
 a little after, Eadmer his Succejfor went forward 
 with the work which Ealdred had begun, and his 
 diggers met with the foundation of a Palace in the 
 middle of the old City ; and in a hollow place in the 
 wall, contriv’d like a fmall clofet, they happen’d up- 
 on Boob having covers of oak and filk firings ; one 
 whereof contain’d the Uje of St. Alban in the Bri- 
 tifh lan^iage ; the reft contained certain Pagan Cere- 
 monies. IVhen they had open’d the Earth to a greater 
 depth, they met with old ftone-tahles, tiles alfo and 
 pillars, pots, and great earthen vejfels neatly wrought, 
 and others of glifis containing the aftjes of the dead, 
 
 &c. And at laft, out of thefe remains of old Ve- 
 rularo, Eadmer built a new Monaftery to St. Al- 
 ban. Thus much of the Antiquity and Dig- 
 nity of Verulam. For the honour of it, give 
 me leave, by way of Corollary, to add this 
 y y Hexaftic 
 
355 
 
 CATTIEUCHLANI. 
 
 356 
 
 Hexaflic of Alexander Nechant, who was born 
 * So faid, there * 400 years ago. 
 ann. 1607* , • 
 
 Urhs infignis erat Verolamia, phti operoja 
 Arti, ncitura dthuit ilia minus. 
 
 PenirasM Anburi Patris hue ol/feffa la- 
 ■borem 
 
 Septermem fprevit cive fuperha fuo. 
 
 Uic efi Martyrii rofeo decoratus /more 
 Alb'anus civisy inclyta Romuy tuus. 
 
 'Yo ancient Verulam a famous to\\'n 
 
 Much kindnefs Art hath fhow'd, but Na- 
 ture none. 
 
 Great Anhirs fire Pendragons utmoft 
 po\ver 
 
 For feven long years did the proud walls 
 endure. 
 
 FA-re holy Alban Citizen of Romey 
 
 Obtain’d the happy Crown of Martyrdom. 
 
 And in another place ^ 
 
 Hie locus atatis nofira primordia nomt 
 Annosfcelicesy latitiaque dies : 
 
 Hie locus ingenuus pueriles imbuit annos 
 Ambus, & noHra laudis orig> j'uit. 
 
 Hie locus injignis, magndfque creavin alum- 
 nos, 
 
 Falix eximio Martyre^ gente, fitu. 
 
 Militat hie Chrifio, noBeque dieque labori 
 Invigilat fantlo Religiofa cohors. 
 
 Here my firft breath with happy ftars was 
 drawn, 
 
 Here my glad years and all my joys 
 began. 
 
 In gradual knowledge here my mind in- 
 creaft, 
 
 Here the firft fparks of glory fir’d my 
 breaft. 
 
 Hail noble Town 1 where fame Ihall ne’re 
 forget 
 
 The Saint, the Citizens, and happy feat. 
 
 Here heaven’s true Soldiers with unwearied 
 care 
 
 And pious labour wage the Chriftian war. 
 
 But now, old Herulam is turned into Corn- 
 Sc Alban’s, fields, and St. ^/tofiourifhes; which rofe out of 
 * the ruins of it, and is a neat and large town. 
 I’he Church of the Monaftery is ftill in being ; 
 a pile of building, very much admir’d for its 
 largencfs, beauty, and antiquity. When the 
 Monks were turned out, it was by the towns- 
 men pwrehafed for four hundred pounds (other- 
 wife it had been laid even with the ground ; ) 
 •f- Hatli, C. and converted into a Parochial Church. It f had 
 ill it a very noble Font of folid Brafs, w'here- 
 in the Children of the Kings of Scotland were 
 A Font taken wont to be baptized. Which Font Sir Richard 
 out of thc_ Lea, * Commander of the Pioneers, brought 
 Spoils, among the reft of the Spoils taken in 
 
 CunicularL Scotch Wars, and plac’d it here with this 
 rum. proud infeription : 
 
 CUM L.ETHIA OPIDUM APUD 
 SCOTOS NON INCELEBRE, ET EDIN- 
 BURGUS PRIMARIA APUDEOSCI- 
 VITAS INCENDIO CONFLAGRA- 
 R E N T, RICHARDUS LEUS E Q,U E S 
 AURATUS MEFLAMMIS EREPTUM 
 AD ANGLOS PERDUXIT. HUJUS 
 EGO TANTI BENEFICII MEMOR, 
 NON NISI REGUM LIBEROS LAVARE 
 SO LIT US, NUNC MEAM OPERAM 
 
 ETIAM INFIMIS ANGLORUM LIBEN- 
 TER CONDIXI. LEUS VICTOR S I C 
 VOLUIT. VALE. ANNO DOMINL 
 M.D.XLIII. ET ANNO REGNI HEN- 
 RICI OCTAVI XXXVI. 
 
 Pf/hen Leith, a Town of good account in Scot- 
 land, and Edinburgh the principal City of that 
 Nation, v^ere on fire. Sir Richard Lea Knight fa- 
 ved me out of the fames, and brought me into En- 
 gland. In gratitude for this his deliverance, / vsho 
 heretofore ferved only at the baptijm of the Chil- 
 dren of Kings, do now mofi willingly ofier the fame 
 fervice even to the meanefl of the Englifh Nation. 
 
 Lea the Conqueror hath fo commanded. Adieu. 
 
 A. D. 1543. in the iC^fyear of King Hcnfy the 
 ighth. 
 
 FThis Font is now taken aw'ay ; in the late Fuller’s Wor- 
 Civil Wars, as it feems, by thofe hands which thies, p, 32. 
 fuft'er’d nothing (how fiicred foever) to ftand, 
 that could be converted to money.! 
 
 But to return. As Antiquity hath confe- 
 crated tliis place to Religion, fo Mars feems 
 to have made it a feat of war. To pafs by other 
 inftances j when our Nation had almoft fpeiit 
 its vital fpirits in the Civil wars between the 
 itwo Houfes of Tork and LancaHer -, there ivere 
 two battles fought within this very T'own, 5 y the 
 .heads of the tw^o Parties, with different fuccefs. 
 
 In the firft fight, Richard Duke of York defeated 
 the Lancaftrian Party, took King Henry the 
 fixth prifoner, and flew a great many Perfons 
 of the beft quality. But four years after, the 
 Lancaftrians had the advantage under the con- 
 duct of Queen Margaret, routed tlie Yorkifts, 
 and recovered their King. [With the bodies 
 of the flain in thofe two Battles, the Church p. 472. 
 and Church-yard of St. Peter s were filled. 
 
 In the middle of this Town, King Edward 
 the firft eredled a very ftately Crofs, about the 
 year 1290. in memory of Queen Eleanor, w'ho 
 dying in Lincolnfhirc, was from thence car- 
 ry ’d to Weftminfter. The fame he did, in 
 feveral other places through wEich they pafs’d. 
 
 This place hath given 'I'itle to feveral Per-vifeounts, 
 fons of Honour that of Vifeount to the fa- Earls, and 
 mous Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam, and Lord 
 Chancellor of England, created Vifeount of 
 this place Jan. 18. idao. Afterwards, Richard 
 de Burgh, Earl of Cknrikard in the kingdom of 
 Ireland, W’as created Earl of St. Albans by 
 King Charles the firft, and was fucceeded in 
 that honour by JJlick his fon, with "whom tirat 
 title dy’d for want of illue-male. A little be- 
 fore the Reftoration, this honour was conter’d 
 upon Henry fermin Baron of St. Edmundsbury, 
 for his faithful Services to King Charles the 
 fecond j and afterwards, by the fame King, it 
 was erefted into a Dukedom, in the perfon of 
 Charles Beauclair, who having, in the 28'^ 
 year of the faid King’s reign, been created 
 Baron of Hedington and Earl of Burford, was, 
 in the 35'^ year, advanced to the further dig- 
 nity of Duke of St. Albans.l 
 
 About this Town (to omit a certain Fort in 
 the neighbourhood, which the vulgar call the 
 OiBer-hills, but which I am apt to think was the oi({er-hilIs. 
 Camp of OHorius the Proprietor ) the Abbots 
 pioully erefted a little Nunnery at Sopwell, 
 and St. fnlians Hofpitnl for Lepers with a- 
 nother, named St. Mary f de Pree, for infirm ^ of tl« 
 women. Near w'hich they had a great Ma- Meadow, 
 nour named Gorambery, where Nicholas Bacon, 
 
 Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England, 
 
 II ereifted a Struiiture wortliy fo great a Perfon j|| Hath erc- 
 
 f\\hich aed, C. 
 
3 ^ 
 
 HERT FORDSHIRE. 
 
 358 
 
 Redborne 
 
 ♦It is 
 call’d Ifo* 
 
 tiir- 
 
 Markat. 
 
 puro-co-bri- 
 
 st> 
 
 bouring country from robberies. But William 
 the Conqueror took it from them, and gave it 
 to Roger de 'Todeney or 7o»/, an eminent Nor- 
 man, whofe Barony alfo it 'was ; but in time 
 transfer'd by a daughter to the Beaacbam^Sy 
 Earls of Warwick. 
 
 Hence I palled fouthward to HemHedy a fmallHemfted. 
 Market-town ; call’d Hehan-hamfiedy when King 
 Offa made a grant of it to the Monaftery of 
 St. Albans. It is feated among hills by the 
 lide of a fmall river, which, a little lower, 
 runs into another that goes through 5e;'^/MW-Berkham{led. 
 fled. In this place, the Nobles of England had 
 a meeting, when by the perfwallon of Fretheric 
 Abbot of St. Albans, they were confpiring to 
 throw off the new Norman Government. 
 
 ‘ Thither came William the Conqueror in per- 
 fon (as we read in the life of this Fretheric) 
 much concern’d, for fear he fliould, to his 
 great difgrace, lofe that Kingdom which he 
 had gain’d with fo much blood. And after 
 many debates in the prefence of Lanfranc the • 
 Archbifhop j the King, to fettle a firm peace, 
 
 ■ took an Oath upon all the Reliques of the 
 • Church of St. Alban, and upon the holy E- 
 ' vangelifts, which the Abbot Fretheric admi- 
 nifter’d. That he would inviolably obferve all 
 the good, approv’d, and ancient Laws of the_ 
 Kingdom, which the holy and pious Kings of 
 England his Predecellbrs, and cfpecialiy King 
 - Edward, had eftablifhed But moft of thefs 
 Noblemens eftates were foon after feized and 
 confifeated by him, and he bellow’d this town 
 upon Robert Earl of Moriton and Cornw'al, 
 who, according to common tradition, built here 
 a Caftle with a double ditch and rampart. In 
 which Caftle, Richard, King of the Romans 
 of and Earl of Conwal, dy’d, full of days and 
 Honours. Upon default of illue of that Earl, 
 
 King Edward the third gave this town and c.a- 
 'ftle to Edivard his eldeft fon, that moft renown’d 
 and warlike PHnee, whom he created Duke of 
 Gornwal 5 from whence, to this day, it con- 
 tinues part of the poftellions of the Dutchy of 
 Cornwal. The Caftle is now nothing but 
 
 Cwhich Manour is now the pofl'effion of the 
 Crimfions, defeended from Sir Harhotle Grim- 
 (loru a Perfon of great worth and eminence, 
 
 4nd Mafter of the Rolls in Chancery lor twen- 
 
 Near this^lace, lyeth Redborney which lig- 
 ' nifieth a Red-^aten And yet the water that run- 
 neth by this place is no more red, than that 
 of the Red-Sea. It was very famous in old 
 time for the Reliques of Amphibalm the Mar- 
 tvr found here ; who was the Perfon that 
 Inftruded St. Alban in the Chriftian Faith ; 
 for which Faith he alfo fuffer’d under Di^ 
 clefian. At prefent, it is remarkable ^for the 
 old military high-way, commonly call’dTFhf- 
 limf^reety upon which it is feated ; and alio 
 ,, for a certain brook near it, call d IVenmery 
 * which (as the common People believe) wlren 
 ever it breaks out and fwells high, always 
 nortends dearth or troubl'efome times. _l Ihis 
 is faid’ to have broken out in the reign or 
 ■Pdward the fourth, and. to have run from the 
 of February till the 14'*^ of tollow- 
 From which Eruptions, a Place upon 
 rhis river, commonly called Mkrkaty but more 
 truly Meregaiey. i. e. (faith Norden) an ijjue or 
 IJgate oj eatery feems to have taken its 
 
 *^^Near this, we have reafon to look for Duro- 
 m-brivay a fratinn, of which Antoninus makes 
 mention (tliough, indeed, the diftaiice would 
 ^Xade usotherwife:) For m our 
 
 Uneuage, and Dur-cob in the Bnnfli or Welch 
 tmSue, lignifie one and the fame thing, to 
 wit^ Red-water. Now, to fearch after the iitua- 
 tion of ancient Places, we have no better guides 
 than ancient Infcnptions, the courfe of the 
 m-eat roads, the reafon and fimilitude of 
 Names, and the rivers, and lakes adjoymng , 
 
 ^though they do not exaaiy correfpond to the 
 feveraldiftances uffign’d in the Itmerarte: which 
 mav very well be corrupted, and the paflage 
 from one^place to another may be cut porter. 
 
 And certainly the old Duro-co-hrfva muft i^ve 
 
 Lm in i;;p cFlonS ; a- 
 
 „an high-w.-^ rolled ^he bove which, upon a foall hill. Sir 
 
 K: TnuX?)s cl4-I to twelve.) a 
 
 good large it has no is' nothing worth feeing, except a School toun-S'.ic 2 t. • 
 
 foall ded by |./»«, Dean of, St, Pauls in Lon-”'^’- 
 
 Col. name, below St. Albmsis c !jj j .q the don who was a native of this Town. More 
 
 Briw.vvhatthe termination Brma, which is adde ^ d t Kings-Lmgkh heretofore aKioga Lang- 
 
 hi>. names of very many p aces, it y'S^t figmhe « ^e so ^ y of Langley,l«y- 
 
 (as Ifuppofe) among the ancient Bntainsand f ^ Duke of York, 
 
 Gauls, a Bridge, or fal^e ever a R^er , !incc „amed. Here was 
 
 we find it no where us d, bu a . . of Friars Priedicants, in which that 
 
 Hland there W'ere one or two that s " the fecond was fitll 
 
 (unlefs I am muA decciv d) burie^fafer he had been barbaroufiy depriv’d 
 
 viam. In Gaul there was Enva £ , Kingdom and his Life ; but not 
 
 Pentoije, where was the pafiage over j fjer, his body was remov’d to Weftmin- 
 
 rfore^Briva Oder^, la “If te and had a M^iument of Brafs bellow’d 
 
 robri'va (for that is the right nam ) > make amends for his Kingdom. 
 
 Soame. fThe late Commentator npon the I to this, is another tangle}, 
 
 iierary, deriving the Latin name from the Bri A jj belong’d to the Abbots ol 
 
 tifh \ur water, and cy/rc to flow tail’d Jibm-Langky ; the place Alte- 
 
 thinks it ought to be fought near Nkholm Breakfpeare was born, who wasL»"«' >• ^ 
 
 meeting of Rivers ; and obferving afterwards Pope by the name of Hainan thep„pa Hadri- 
 
 ford doth better anfwer the diftalices- than Red- who firll preach’d the Chrift - an 4- 
 
 hm, and that there the rivets Bean and Arran fourth , tne lame , y ^ 
 
 ' ... . . _ T l.»ca Thfl 
 
 tern, and tnat uiieic ..... ...... - — 
 
 empty tliemfelves into the Lea he removes the 
 Durocobriva of Antoninus to that place.) 
 
 Somewhat higher, upon a fmall lull, ftand 
 IbmUed. FlamHei, which, in the time of Edward 
 
 Confeffor, LeoJHan Abbot of St Albaiw gav 
 to three Knights, Harmt, IValekf, and 
 on condition that they fhould fecuie the g 
 
 tourtnj cne lauic wwv.; a.x.c j-.x— 
 
 an faith to the people ot Norway, and alfo 
 quieted the tumults of the people ol Rome,, at 
 that time endeavouring to recover their ancient 
 liberties. Frederic the fil'd,. Emperor 0 tie 
 Romans, held this Pope s dirrup as he alighted 
 from his liorfe ; and at lad he lod his life b) a 
 Flv that flew into his mouth and choaked him. 
 
 Lower, 
 
359 
 
 CATT lEV C H LAN I. 
 
 Watford, 
 
 Rickmans* 
 
 n'orth. 
 
 CaiHiobery, 
 
 More-park, 
 
 Sulloniacf. 
 
 Brockley-hill 
 * Itin. P-I53 
 
 Shenley, 
 
 •f Ciltrla, 
 
 Lower, I faw IVatJoyd [(to which the Morh 
 fans have been great Behefadors,)! and Ricke- 
 nianefwortb; two Market-townsj touching which 
 we have nothing more ancient, than that King 
 Ofta beftowed them upon Sc. Alban, as he alfo 
 did Ciii/bobery that lies next to l^atford- At 
 which place, a houfe was begun by Sir Richard 
 Morifon, a Perfon of great learning, and em- 
 ployed by Henry the eighth and Edward the 
 lixth in feveral Embaffies to the greateft Prin- 
 ces in Europe j but he left it to his foil Charles 
 to finifli, who made it a beautiful feat [and 
 it is now, by Inheritance, the pofleilion of the 
 Earl of Eflex, by the marriage of Arthur Lord 
 Capel with the daughter and heir of Sir Ri- 
 chard Morifon. Near the forefaid Rkkmanfv^orth, 
 ■ is Mire-Park j which place, belonging fomier- 
 ly to the Duke of Ormond, Thomas his eldeft 
 fon was fummoned to Parliament in the life- 
 time of his father, by the title of Lord Butler 
 of More-Park j but it was afterwards fold to 
 James Duke of Monmouth.1 
 More to the eaft, the Roman military xvay 
 pafs'd in a direft line from London to Veru- 
 lam over HamPied-heath, and fo by Edgveorth and 
 fnot far from! Ellefire : nigli which place, at 
 the very fame diftance that Antoninus in his 
 Itinerary places the Sulloniacx (to wit, tw'elve 
 miles from London, and nine from Verulam) 
 Ton the edge of Middlefexf\ there remain the 
 marks of an ancient flation ; and much rub- 
 bifh is dug-up on a hill which is now call’d 
 I. Brockley-hill. (Mr. Burton and * Mr. Norden 
 ' feem inclin’d to think Edepire the old Sulloni- 
 acx\ yet it does not appear that any thing of 
 Antiquity has been difebver’d there, nor does 
 the old Roriaan way run through it ; that place 
 lying near a mile to the right hand. I’hro’ 
 Edgware indeed, a mile fouth of Brockleyy the 
 way pafles towards London j fo that Mr. Tal-, 
 bot when he fettled the Sulloniaca there, had at 
 leaft fome fliew of probability on his fide. But, 
 no remains of Antiquity appearing, there is, in 
 truth, no reafou w’hy it fhould be remov’d from 
 Brockley-hiU ; efpecially, fmee of late. Coins, 
 Urns, Roman Bricks, cJrc. have been dug-up 
 there (in tlie place where Mr. Napier built a 
 fair new feat,) as well in laying the foundati- 
 on of the houfe, as in lev'dling the gardens. 
 Rarities of this kind have been alfo turn’d up 
 with the Plough, for about feveii or eight acres 
 round. The late Annotator upon Antoninus, 
 fuppofes there may be fome remains of Sullo- 
 niaca in Shenleyy a place at fome fmall diftance, 
 which he fays was formerly written Shellenayy 
 and might as well be changed from Sulloniaca j 
 as Lourmy from 'Tomacuniy Douay from Duacunty 
 and EJfemay from S(cmacum7\ 
 
 But to return. When the Roman Government 
 was at an end, and Barbarity w'as introduc'd 
 by the Defolations of the Saxon Wars ; this 
 great road, as all other things, lay quite neg- 
 ledcd for a long time ; till, a little before the 
 Norman Conqueft, LeofPian Abbot of St. Al- 
 bans repair^ and reftor’d it. For /j^'(as we 
 read m his life ) caufed the great -mods all 
 abng, from the edge of the f Chiltern at far m 
 LaiidUK, to he cut dowit, efpecially upon the Kings 
 high-way, commonly call’d. Watliiigftreet ; dfo, all 
 high and Irrokn grounds to be levell’d, bridges to be 
 
 36c 
 
 nent for a Battle fought there in the WarsilS^ 
 between York and Lanc.ifier : in which En-att. ‘ 
 gland infiifted upon it felf whatever Mifchief 
 Ambition and Treachery could efteft. For at 
 Gledfmore, hard by, the two Parties, on ancicjf 
 Eafter-day, had a iharp encounter, and for 
 a long time, by reafon of a thick Fog, the E- 
 vent was doubtful. But at haft. King Ed- 
 ward the fourth happily gained the Victo- 
 ry, and Richard Neru'ill Earl of W.arwick was 
 ilain ; a Man, whom the fmiles of Fortune 
 had made flrangely infolent and a particular 
 enemy to crown’d heads ; and who by his death 
 freed England from thofe apprehenfions of a 
 continu’d Civil War, which they had long la- 
 bour’d under. [Here, at Barnet, * was difco-»F„,i » 
 ver’d a medicinal fpring, liippos’d by the taftep. 18 .' ' 
 
 to run through veins of Alom. fc co.agulates 
 with milk, the curd whereof has been found to 
 be an excellent plaifter for green wounds .1 
 
 This County of Hertford had Earls thatEarisof 
 were of the family of Clare, who therefore were 
 more commonly call’d Earls of Clare, from Clare 
 their principal feat in the County of Suffolk. 
 
 The firft that I have met with, was Gitten, 
 who is a witnefs to a Charter of K. Stephen, un- 
 der the title of Earl of Hertford. Likewife Roger 
 de Clare, in the Red-book in the Exchequer, bears 
 the title of Earl of Hertford in the reign of 
 Henry the fecond; as alfo his fucceffors, whom See tteari 
 you may fee in their proper place. But when “f ®hce8ei, 
 this family, by right of inheritance as well asfm‘“*“*^ 
 by their Prince’s favour, came to be alfo Earls 
 of Gloceller, they bore the two titles jointly, 
 and were fummoned to Parliament by the name 
 of Earls of Glocefter and Hertford. And ac- 
 cordingly, Richard de Clare, who died An. Dorn. 
 
 1252, is by Matthew of Weftminiler exprefly 
 called Earl of Glocefter and Hertford, in the 
 place where he recites his Epitaph i 
 
 Hie pudor Hippoliti, Paridis gena, fenfus 
 Ulyjfis, 
 
 JEnete pietas, HeBoris ira jacet. 
 
 Here HeBor’s rage, Vlyjfes wifdom lays, 
 Hippolim his blufli, and Paris face. 
 
 
 * Three, C. paffengers. But above * four hundred years ago 
 this road was well-nigh deferred again, upon 
 the opemng of another through Highgate and 
 Barnet, by licence from the Biftlop of London 
 ^ Barnet begins* now a-days to be an eminent 
 • htarket for Cattle ,- but was much more emi- 
 
 »So raid, 
 ann. 1607. 
 
 But within the memory of our * fathers,* So faid. 
 King Henry the eighth honoured Edward de*™. >*7. 
 St. Mam or Seymor, with the title of Earl of 
 Hertford, who was afterward created alfo Duke 
 of Somerfet ; to whom fucceeded in this Earl- 
 dom his fon of the fame name, a Perfon of 
 great honour, and a true lover of learning. 
 
 Who, being difpofl'efs’d of all by the attainder 
 of his Father, was reftor’d, in the firft year 
 of Queen Elixabeth, by Letters Patents hearing 
 date the 13 * of January, to the titles of Lord 
 Beauchamp, and Earl of Hertford. Edward the 
 fon dy’d in the life-time of his father, and fo 
 did his eldeft fon of the fame name. Where- 
 upon he was fucceeded by miliarn his grand- 
 child, who by King Charles the firft, for his 
 eminent fervices, was advanc’d to the title of 
 Marquefs of Hertford, and afterwards, upon 
 the reftorarion of King Charles the fecond, 
 that of^ Duke of Somerfet. Since which 
 
 This County hath in it 120 Parijhis. 
 
 More 
 
i6i 
 
 HE RT FORD S til RE. 
 
 '^61 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Hertford- 
 fhire. 
 
 Alfine montaiia minima Acini facie rotundi- 
 folia. An Alfines minoris alia T'hal. Harcyn ? 
 Small mountainous round-leaved Chick-weed, rejem- 
 bling Stone-Bajil. In the mountainous fans oj this 
 County on the borders of Buckinghamshire near Chal- 
 fent S. Peter. Found by Dr. Plukenet. 
 
 Gentianella Autumnalis Centaurii minoris 
 foliis Park. Not far from the ruins of old Verulam. 
 Park. p. 407. 
 
 Hieracii feu Pilofelljc majoris fpecies hu- 
 milisj foliis longioribus, rariiis dentatis, plu- 
 ribus fimul, fl^e lingulari noftras. On a dry 
 hank at the edge of a wood in a lane leading from 
 HomJnll to Reickmeerfworth. Dr. Plukenet. 
 
 Lyfimachia lutea flore globofo Ger. Park. 
 Tellow Loofejlrife with a globular tuft of flowers : 
 faid to be found near Kings-Langley by Phyt. 
 Brit. 
 
 Mentha piperata. Pepper-mint, or Mint ha- 
 ving the tafte of Pepper. Found in this County by 
 Dr. Bales. 
 
 Militaris aizoides Ger. See the other Synonymes 
 in Cambridgeshire. FreSh^ater-Soldier, or JVater- 
 Aloe. In the new ditches of Hatfield P. D. 
 
 Ophris five Bifolium paluftre. Park. Murfh 
 Tway-blade. On the wet grounds between Hatfield 
 and S. Albans. Park. p. 505. 
 
 Orchis myodes major Park, major flore 
 grandiufculo jF. B. mufcam referens major C. B. 
 "the greater Fly-orchis. Fund by Dr. Bales near 
 {Veiling in Hertfordshire. 
 
 Helleborine latifolio flore albo claufo. Broad- 
 leav d Bafiard-Hellebore with a white clofe flow- 
 er. Found by Dr. Bales, near Diggefwell in this 
 County. 
 
 Sphondylium montanum minus anguftifoli-* 
 um tenuiter laciniatum. J^ed Cow-Parfnep- 
 Obferved by Mr. Doody near Tnng in this Coun- 
 ty. 
 
 Campanula Alpina minor rotundifolia 
 C. B. About Reickmeerfworth in HertfordShirci in 
 an old Gravel-pit there, obferved by Dr. Fluke-* 
 net. 
 
 T R I N O- 
 
3^3 
 
 3^ 
 
 TRINOBANTES. 
 
 EXT" Cattieuchlani j did the People call'd by CafarTrinohamtSi by Pto- 
 lemy and Tacitus Triiidantes, ivdmhit thfe parts vjhkh have'novj changd their 
 names and are tali' d Middlefex and Eilex. From lislmce that old name vjm 
 deriv’ dy I cannot fo much as guefs^ unkfs it came from the Britif!) Tre-nant 
 implying Towns in a Valley : jor this vshole Country in a manner, lies in a 
 level all along the Thames. But this is a conjellure which / am not very find 
 of: Tho^ tbofe People yshich inhabited Gallovidia in Scotlandy lying all low and 
 in a vale, were call’d in Britifh Noantes and Novantes ; and the ancient peo- 
 ple namd Nantuates, liv’d about * Le Vault, or the Vale of the Rhine, *R.bcn(Tal. 
 _ and had their name thence. So that this conjeBure is at leaf as probable as thaf^^' 
 
 oj others,^ who out of afpirit of ambition have deriv’d thefe Trinobantes from Troy, as if one fhould 
 jay T roja nova, or new Troy. j4nd let them enjoy their own Fancies for me. In Cafar’s time, this 
 was one oj the jirongeji Cities in the whole Kingdom ( for fuch a body of People m liv’d under the fame 
 common Laws and Government, he always calls Civitas, or a City,} and was govenzd by Imanuentius, 
 who wasjlain byCo.Ki\sdm. Upon this, Maiidubratius fon fled for his life, went over into Gaul to 
 put hhnfelj^ under his proteSlion, and return’d with hhn into Britain. At which time, thefe our 
 1 rinobantes defr’d Cafar by their Ambajfadors to efpoufe the caufe of Mandubratius againf Cajjibe- 
 lin, and to fend him into the City, 06 Deputy-Governour. This was granted them j upon which they 
 gave forty hojlages, and, the firfl oj all the Britains, fubmitted themfelves to Cafar. This Mandubra- 
 tius (to obferve it by the way) is by Eutropius, Bede, and the more modern Writers, call’d always 
 Androgeus. But how this difference of the name fhould come, is a myfiery to me ; unlefs it be true, 
 what I was told by one very well skill'd both in the Hijiory and Language of the Britains, that the name 
 oj Androgeus was fix’d upon him on account of his villany and treachery. For the word plainly carries 
 in its meaning fomething of Villany ; and he (in the book call’d Triades; is reckon’d the moji villanous 
 oj thofe three traitors to Britain, becaufe he was the firfi that call’d-in the Romans, and betray’d his 
 Country. After Mandubratius (when civil wars at home drew the Romans from the care of Britain, 
 and fo the Kingdom was left to its own Kings and Laws ,* ) it plainly appears, that Cunobilin had the 
 government oj thefe parts. Take here a view of one or two of his Coins, though I have given you both 
 thefe, and others oj his, before. 
 
 M r « /*"« Wy of Men to C. Caligula ; 
 
 ■whole mill 1 T ^ Emperor, that, L if he had conquer'd the 
 
 ■whole I§a^, he Jent boaiimg Letters to Rome ; ordering the Mejfenge-rs over and over that tier fhould 
 
 pLSiurIf «/ Mafs.or ini fai Tetli fZ 
 
 Toeodumnus one of r Emperor Claudius, made an attempt upon this Country. 
 
 logoaumnus, one oj Cunobilms Jons, he (lew ; the other Cararamc /,« . j r -a. • •. 
 
 + Ovan, in.the Fafti Capitolini ) -f had a trdmph decreed 1’; 'f i ’ ® 
 
 fimifddbfsLtoZfrT Infurremln -las quiddy 
 
 TiitcJi wZl great flaughter on the fide (f 
 
 the Bntams. When the Roman Government in this Iflcmd came to an end, Vo, tip,;, the Britain {as Ninui- 
 
itii. 
 
 
 
 ■.i.ksh'eft 
 
 \r F.'.'f 
 . Pn/'.M/ 
 IV hilt 
 Ji.-nlUtf 
 c, hccilh 
 
 i-A J! 
 
 Ch;i^n^h:iiU 
 Cti^ihn Chnrcl. 
 
 fpo/jciv 
 
 rit!obap{/a Pdrla ff,tle 
 
 Sc 
 
 /fx' 
 
 I'tiHicvn 
 
 i ? i ? •• 
 
 BiViVn ^ 
 
 runic Jti-cet 
 
 Suttc/(fI,oel: 
 
 Enfield 
 
 SCocktitff lanc^ 
 Durance 
 
 Tonder.e end 
 
 J'CIWC 
 
 Pci/rn! 
 
 viton. 
 
 .tl.iinur 
 
 fc/tcr . 
 ( omnioit 
 
 Pim/iL'u 
 
 'dmcntcii 
 
 'Bi-jirns Jr.*. 
 C^uiin’intc/i^ 
 
 ’ China/crd 
 
 fflcch Jui/t. 
 
 ;t'H hcep 
 
 Jif^> H TTN^ RED 
 
 *“/ -• * *** 
 
 ’.r irrecn ‘ 
 
 Tcttcnham church 
 
 ^Roimdahcut * 
 
 iphincrford .Vail 
 
 ,rc/icnham J'h-ect 
 
 I arfyafc ^ /„// 
 
 I K N K ■ S , B » U 
 
 rettenham hiah 
 
 
 uuitcrs lic,^ 
 
 fiViiuatrn/ 
 
 '.vaatc 
 
 v; 
 
 'lullj' lull 
 
 Xciy run 
 
 '•ui-jtnafcii 
 
 Juntih 
 
 c"u/'/e. 
 
 Sulcu/' lull 
 
 
 Qfalthai 
 
 ,I5T ON 
 
 ^.Varlci'lcn j/r 
 
 I fislrnj/cn 
 
 D,vyn.r \ - 
 
 HUXaDREDV 
 
 .llecTCt I'c/.'lt ° ■• 
 
 ! 0 “# Camh-iefT. 
 
 nJSl/ 
 
 .1 />-•.? Hen- 
 
 /h/hhil urcen 
 
 y D R E I> 
 
 Ml Me lydl..- 
 
 I S tr'eee 
 ■'••• 
 
 i.'ioaih ' 
 •r O.'A//.. 
 
 .hnal'. 
 
 'if'a/lil. 
 
 IC-i iiiitalcii 
 
 .hcJuul lull _ 
 
 Dram!.- 
 
 D.\7 .v^>cc//' 
 Druntcu / 
 
 BrcmptciL 
 
 BlaA\ 
 
 iraU k 
 
 .Part , 
 
 f-arnltcf/i 
 
 
 'Itani. 
 
 I'Si.'lancr/l 
 
 'Oi/h-rapru 
 
 i*^^lhe Friunap 
 
 
 'umi 
 
^66 
 
 I 
 
 3 ^ 
 
 MIDDLESEX. 
 
 us tells us) being taken prifoner by the Saxonsy gave this Country for his ranfom j vshichy for a long vshik 
 after, had its Kings, but they were fuch only aa held under the Kings of Kent, or Mercia. Of thefe, 
 Seberht was the firjl that embrac’d Chrifiianity in the year 6 o^. Cuthred wm the laft of them, 
 who being conquer’d by Egbert in the year 804. left the Kingdom to the IVeft-Saxons. But of thft 
 things, I have fpoken more largely in another place : Now let m furvey the Country it [elf 
 
 MIDDLESEX. 
 
 Cole, riv. 
 
 Brcakfpear. 
 
 Pope Hadri- 
 an 4. 
 Cannons. 
 
 Haresfeld, 
 
 * So faid, 
 ann. i6o7< 
 Uxbridge. 
 
 Aubr. MS, 
 Hedgerlej'. 
 Draiton. 
 
 Colham. 
 
 Stanwell. 
 
 * So faid, 
 ann. 1607, 
 
 IDDLESEX has its name 
 from the middk-Saxons, be- 
 caufe the Inhabitants of it 
 liv’d in the midft of the 
 Eaft, Weft, and South-Sax- 
 ons, and of thofe whom in 
 that age they call’d Mercians. 
 It is divided from Buckinghamftiire Weftward 
 by the little river Cole, from Hertfordihire 
 Northward by a certain known limit, from 
 Eflex Eaftward by the river Lee, and South- 
 ward from Surrey and Kent by the Thames. 
 The County is very fmall ; being at longeft 
 but twenty miles, and where narroweft, only 
 twelve. The air is exceeding healthful, and 
 the foil fertile, the Houfes and Villages every 
 where neat and ftately, and tliere is no part of 
 it but affords a great many remarkables. 
 
 Upon the river Cole, at its firft entrance into 
 this County, I met with Breakfpear, the ancient 
 feat of a family of that name, of which was^de- 
 feended Bo'pt\Hadrian the fourth, mention’d a 
 little before. fSome miles to the weft, is Can- 
 nons, the beautiful feat of the Duke of Chan- 
 dois. Nigh to Breakfpear, and on the fame 
 river, isl Haresfeld, formerly Herefelle, the pof- 
 felTion of Richard fon of Giflebert, in the time 
 of William the Conqueror. More to the South, 
 Uxbridge, Si* moAem Town, and full of Inns, is 
 •ftretch’d out into a great length j fmadc fa- 
 mous in the laft age, by a treaty there held 
 January "io. 1(544. in the time of King Charles 
 the firft, between the King, and Parliament 
 then fitting at WesiminHer ; the particulars of 
 which are largely related by our Hiftorians. 
 ,Near Uxbridge, in the Parifli of Hedgedey, 
 is an ancient Camp, which feems to be Britifli.l 
 Below it, is Draiton, built by the Barons Pa- 
 get fnow advanced to the honour of Earls of 
 Uxbridge, in the perfon of Henry Paget j who 
 (befides the faid hereditary Title of Baron,) 
 did, before, enjoy alfo the Title of Lord Pa^ 
 get of Burton i having been created a Peer of 
 this Realm, by that Stile, in the life-time of 
 his Father. Hard by, isl Colham, which came 
 from the Barons Le Strange to the Earls of Der- 
 by ; and Stanwell, the leat of the family of 
 Windefore, from the coming-in of the Con- 
 queror, till within the memory of * our Fa- 
 '.thers. Not far from hence, the Cole, after it 
 has made lome Iflands, Hides through a double 
 mouth into the Thames ; upon which, as a 
 German Poet of our age, delcribes it, 
 
 Tfot compos, fyhas, tot regia teBa, tot 
 hortos 
 
 Artifici dextrd excultos, tot vidimus arces, 
 
 Ut nunc Aufonio T'amifis cum Tfybride certet. 
 
 Such Fields, fuch Woods, fuch ftately ^ 
 Piles appear, I 
 
 Such Gardens grace the Earth, fuch Tow’rs y 
 the Air j 1 
 
 That 'f homes with Roman Tiber may ( 
 compare. 
 
 t 
 
 Stanes, in Saxon 6~aiia, offers it felf firft, iiiStanes. 
 the very Weftern limit, where is a f wooden tSublicius. 
 bridge over the Thames. As to the name, it 
 had it from a boundary-y?o«e formerly fet up 
 here, to mark out the extent of the * City of 
 London’s Jurifdiftion in the river; [and not (as 
 forae wou’d have it) from a Roman Milliarium 
 here placed. For Stones doth not lie upon the 
 Roman way betwixt London and Pontes, or any 
 other of that kind ; upon which the Milliaria 
 or mile-ftones were only fet. An Army of 
 Danes in the year loop, after they had burnt 
 Oxford, returning along the Thames fide, and 
 hearing that an Army from London was coming 
 againft them, paft the River at this Town, as 
 the Saxon Chronicle tells us ; and fo went in- 
 to Kent, to repair their Ships.l Near the fore- 
 mentioned Stone, there is a famous Meadow 
 call’d Runing-mead, and commonly Renimed,^\xn{ng. 
 wherein was a great Meeting of the Nobility mead, 
 in the year 1215. to demand their Liberties 
 of King John. Upon the Thames’s running by 
 that place, the Author of the Marriage of Tame 
 and JJis has thefe Lines : 
 
 Subluit hie pratum, quod dixit Renimed 
 Anglus, 
 
 Quo federe duces armis annifque verendi, 
 
 Regis Joaniiis cuperent qui vertere feeptrum, 
 
 Edwardi .Shwifi dum leges juraqtie vellent , 
 
 Principe contempto tenebrofo e carcere duct : 
 
 Hinc fonuere tuba plufquam civilia hello, 
 
 Venit hinc refugm noftras Lodovicus in 
 
 Now Renimed upon the bank appears. 
 
 Where Men renown’d for honour, arms, and 
 years 
 
 Met to reform the State, controul the 
 King, 
 
 And Edward’s Laws from long oblivion 
 bring. 
 
 Hence more than civil wars the land op- 
 preft, 
 
 And Lewis with his French the Rebels 
 ftrength increaft. 
 
 Then it pailes by Coway-ftakes near Lalam, seethe "Ro. 
 where (as we have obferv’d) Csefar pafs’d the mans in £ri- 
 Thames, and the Britains, to prevent him, ob-^»«- 
 ftrufted the bank and ford with ftakes ; from'^°” * 
 whence it has its name. TAt Sheparton, hard Aubr. MS. 
 by, is an enclofed ground called JVarre-Clofe, in Sheparton. 
 which have been dug-up Spurs, Swords, Warre-Clofe.' 
 with great numbers of Men’s bones ; and at a 
 little diftance, to the W'eft, parr of a Roman 
 Camp is ftill vifible.l Gliding from hence, the 
 Thames takes a view of Harrow, the higheft hill Harrow-hill, 
 in this County, which on the South has very 
 fruitful Fields for a long way together ; efpe- 
 cially about the little Village of Hefion, thcHefton. 
 Wheat-flowre whereof has been particularly 
 made choice of by our Kings, for their own 
 bread. fBy reafon of its great heighth, it wa$ 
 alfo chofen by William Bolton, the laft Prior of 
 
 great 
 
3^7 
 
 TRI NOB ANTES. 
 
 368 
 
 great St. Bartholome'Ui s in Smithfieldy on which 
 to build him a houfe, to preferve him from a 
 Deluge that was prognofticated from certain 
 Eclipfes in watery hgns, and was to happen in 
 the year 1524. With this, not only the vul- 
 gar, but alio learned men, were fo unreafona- 
 bly infatuated, that they vidtuall’d themfelves 
 
 1014. * ^ ‘'iJid went to high grounds, for fear of being 
 drown’d. Amongfl; whom, was this Prior, who 
 not only provided himfell with a houfe here at 
 Narrow, but carried all forts of provifions with 
 him thither, to ferve for the fpace of two 
 \ Survey, p. months. Mr. f Stow, I acknowledge, would 
 4i7i 4*9« have all this to Ise a fable, and that Prior Bol- 
 ton being alfo Parfon of Harrow, did only re- 
 pair his Parfonage-houfe, and build a Dove- 
 coat to ferve him with that fort of fowl, after 
 he w'as fpoiled of his Priory ; but the date of 
 this Deluge, and the diflolution of the Priory 
 (which was not till Anno 1559. 30 Henry 8.) do 
 not agree j and therefore thofe Hiftorians are 
 not to be reconciled,! Ac a little diftance from 
 Hanworth. thence is w'here * was a Royal, tho 
 
 * Is, C. but fmall houfe ; much admir’d by King Hen- 
 ry the eighth, as being his chief Pleafure-feat. 
 Hampton- j^fterwards, it glides by Hampon-Courty a Roy- 
 al Palace, and a very magnificent Structure, 
 built by Cardinal Thomoi Wolfey purely out of 
 ofteiitation, to fliow his great Wealth j a Per- 
 fon upon all other accounts exceeding prudent, 
 but that Pride and Infolence carry ’d him be- 
 yond himfelf. It was enlarg’d and finifh’d by 
 King Henry the eighth, and has five large 
 Courts fet round w'ith neat buildings, the work 
 whereof is exceeding curious, fit was alfo 
 eredted into an Honour y in the 31ft year of 
 that Prince.! Leland has this ftroke upon 
 it : 
 
 Rjl locus infolito rerum fplendore fuperhusy 
 Alluiturque vaga T'amffini fluminis unduy 
 Nomine ab antiquo jam tempore diHus A- 
 vona. 
 
 Hie Rex Henricus taleis OEiavius ades 
 Erexity qualeis toto Sol aureus orbe 
 Non vidit. 
 
 A place, which Nature’s choiceft gifts 1 
 
 adorn. 
 
 Where Tjhame s kind dreams in gentle cur- ! 
 rents turn, | 
 
 The name of Hampton hath for ages I 
 
 born. j 
 
 Here fuch a Palace fhows great Henry % 
 care. 
 
 As Sol ne’re views from his exalted fphere 
 
 In all his tedious ftage. —— 
 
 And the Marriage of T’ame and IJtSy this ; 
 
 Alluit Hamptonam celehrem qua laxior urbis 
 Mentitur formam fpatiis ; hanc condidit 
 aulam 
 
 Furpureus pater ilk gyravisy gravis ilk fa- 
 cerdos 
 
 IVolfauSy fortuna favos cui felle r^ktos 
 Obtulity heu tandem fortuna donuy dolores. 
 
 To Hampton runs, whofe date and beauty 
 ftiows 
 
 A City here contracted in a Houfe. 
 
 This the grave Prelate JVolfeys care begun, •' 
 
 To w hom blind Fortune’s arts were fully y 
 known, p 
 
 And all her fmiles dafti’d with one fatal i 
 frown, 
 
 fl'his being inviron’d, both Houfe and Parks, 
 on three fides with the River Thames, and 
 confequently enjoying as pleafant a fituation, as 
 the prudence of its fird founder, Cardinal J4/ol~ 
 fey, could feled for it was indeed a piece of 
 work of great Beauty and Magnificence, for 
 the age it was built in. But the additions 
 made to it by King William and Queen Mary, 
 do fo far excel what it was before, that they 
 evidently fhew what vad advancements Archi- 
 tedure has receiv’d fince that time. The gar- 
 dens are alfo improv’d to a wonderful degree, 
 not only in the walks both open and clofe, and 
 the great variety of Topiary-works ; but with 
 Green-houfes, having doves under them fo 
 artificially contriv’d, that all foreign Plants are 
 there preferved in gradual heats, fuitable to 
 the Climes of their refpedive Countries, where- 
 of they are natives. The whole is contriv'ed 
 with fo much magnificence, as equals, if not 
 exceeds, the mod noble Palaces.! 
 
 From hence the river fetches a large wind-xhiftleworth 
 ing toward the north by GiHleworth ( for fo 
 our ‘Tbiflleworth was formerly call’d) where 
 was once a Palace of Richard, King of the 
 Romans and Earl of Cornwal, which was burnt 
 by the Londoners in an Infurredion. 
 
 Next we fee Siony a fmall Religious houfe,Sion. 
 
 (fo call’d from the holy Mount of that name,) 
 which Henry the fifth, after he had driven out 
 the Monks Aliens, built for Nuns of St. Bri- 
 get y as he ereded another at the fame time, 
 call’d Bethelem, oppofite to this, on the other Shen?. 
 fide of the river, for the Carchiilians. In this 
 Stony to the Glory of God, he plac’d as many 
 Virgins, Priefts, and Lay-brethren, within feve- 
 ral partitions, as amounted to the number of 
 the Apodles and Difciples of Chrid : and ha- 
 ving given them very ample revenues, even be- 
 yond what was neceflary, he made * a. (peciai* zgge caviK 
 Order that they fhould be content with that, 
 and not receive any thing from other hands ; 
 but that fo much of the yearly revenue, as was ' 
 over and above their maintenance, they fhould 
 give to the poor. But upon the general expul- 
 fion of the Religious within the memory of 
 t our Fathers, it was turned into a Country- ^ So faid, 
 houfe of the Duke of Somerfet, who pull’dann. 1607. 
 down the Church, and begun a new houfe. 
 
 Hard by, is Brentford (which receiv’d that name Brentford, 
 from the little river Brenty) where Edmund Iron-- 
 fidey after he had oblig’d the Danes to draw off 
 from the fiege of London, attack’d them fo 
 fuccefsfully, that he forc’d them to a diforderly 
 flight, wherein he kill’d great numbers of 
 them. THere the Thames was anciently fo ea- 
 fily forded, and is fo dill (I mean at old Brent- 
 fordy there being now at low ebb not a- 
 bove three foot water) that, befide the forego- 
 ing^ indance, * King Edmund pad the Thames * chron. Sax. 
 again, at the fame place, and went thence into in An. 1016. 
 Kent after the Enemy, where he prevail’d fo 
 againd them, that he drove them into Shepey. 
 
 Since which time, we do not find any thing ibidem, 
 of moment that hath happen’d here •, till 1542. 
 when King Charles the fird (coming after his 
 Viftory at Edghill with his forces from Ox- 
 ford towards London) with the lofs of but ten 
 men beat two of the bed Regiments of the 
 Parliament-forces out of this town, kill’d their 
 Commander in chief! took five hundred Prifo- 
 ners,asmany Arms, eleven Colours, and fifteen 
 pieces of Canon, and then march’d to Oatlandsy 
 Reading, and fo back again to Oxford. In w'hich 
 action, Patrk Ruthen Earl of Forth in Scotland, 
 performing the part of an expert and valiant 
 Commander, was fird made General of the 
 
 King’s 
 
0,69 
 
 MIDDLESEX. 
 
 370 
 
 King^s Army ; and in further coiilidcration ot 
 his fervices, was by Letters Patents bearing 
 date at Oxford, May 27. 20 Car. i. advanced 
 to the dignity of an Earl, by the title of Earl of 
 Brentford; on account (no doubt) of theparti- 
 lar fervice he did here. 
 
 ^inaton. Near the Roman high-way which pafles 
 through this town, and fo over Hounjlow-heath 
 towards Pontesy lies the Village of Arlingtoriy a- 
 \\h Harlingmiy w^hich having been the ancient 
 feat of the BemetSy and particularly of Sir Hen- 
 ry Bcnnety principal Secretary of State, and one 
 of the Privy Council to King Charles the fe- 
 cond ; when his MajcEy thought Ht to fet a 
 mark of Honour on him, for the many Servi- 
 ces he had done the Crown, he was firfl crea- 
 ted Baron, and afterwards Earl of Arlingtony and 
 quickly after made Knight ot the Garter, and 
 in Sept. 1674. Lord Chamberlain of the Houfe- 
 hold. On the north-end of this Heath, ro- 
 Aubr. MS. Kings-arhonvy is a Roman Camp ; a fin- 
 
 gle work, and not large j and another about a 
 mile diflant from it.l 
 
 From Stanes to Brentfordy all that which lies 
 between the high-road along Hounflow and the 
 cThamesy was call’d the Foreft or Warren oj 
 tZ? ""Xtanes; till Henry the third (as we read in his 
 * ' Charter) deforeHed and dewarren d it. Next, we 
 Chefwick. fee [Chefoicky a neat Village, adorned with fe- 
 Fulham. veral beautiful Seats ; andl Fulhamy in Saxon 
 frullan-bamme, pullan-bomme, and1 yullon- 
 bam, i. e. a houje of Fovoky which receives its 
 createft honour from the Bifhop of London s 
 Country-feat, and fwas anciently remarkable 
 (as the Saxon Chronicle and that of Mailros 
 do both tell us) for an Army of the Danes win- 
 tering there Anno Dom. whence they de- 
 camp’d the fame year, and went into Flanders 
 then call’d Fponc-lano, and encamp’d them- 
 felves at Gaunt, where they remain’d another 
 year. Alfo, at a little diftance from the river, 
 Mnston-is Kenfmgm : which hath been of late years a 
 Place of Retirevnent for the Kings and C^eens, 
 ckift), as if and, npon the river,! Chelfty, lo call d " 
 one HiouU Qt Sands in the river Thames ; adorn d 
 
 % ftately buildings by Henry the eighth, 
 
 miliam Pmilm Marquefs of Winchefter, and 
 others. fHere, a College was once defign d tor 
 Students in Divinity, and others, who were to 
 make it their whole bufinefs to oppole the 
 k,T rm A H- nr 
 
 his Succeflbr King fames the fecond, and fi- 
 nifh’d and furnifli’d W’ith all forts of Necelfa- 
 rics and Conveniencics by King William and 
 Queen Mary. It is indeed a Stru<fture well 
 fuiting the munificence of its Royal Founders ; 
 being nobly accommodated with all forts of 
 Offices, and adorn’d with fpacious walks and 
 gardens.l 
 
 But amongft thefe, ZOA(D ON" (which is,BosDON- 
 
 as it were, the Epitome of all Britain, the Seat 
 of the Britifh Empire, and Refidence Camera. 
 
 the Kings of England ) is, to ufe the Poet’s 
 comparifon, as much above the reft, as 
 the Cyprefs is above the little fprig. Taci- 
 tus, Ptolemy, and Antoninus call it Londi- 
 niumy and Longidinium i Ammianus, Lmdinnm 
 and Augufia ; Stephanus in his book of Cities, 
 
 AiifoHey; our Britains Lundayn ; PNinnius in his 
 Catalogue of the Britifh Cities, Cair ; 1 Uffer Pn- 
 
 the Saxons, fLun6one, Luniune,! Londeii-Ce- 
 aruep, Loii6enbypi5, Londen-pyc ; Foreigners, 
 
 Londra, and Londres ; our own Nation, Lon- 
 don j the fabulous Writers, T^roja Nova, Dinas 
 Belin, i. e. the City of Belin, and Caer Ltid, 
 from one King Luddus, whom they affirm to 
 have given it' both Being and Name. But as 
 for thofe new-broach’d names and originals, as 
 alfo Erafmus’s conjedure that it came from 
 Lindum a City of Rliodcs j I leave them to 
 thofe, that are inclin’d to admire them. 
 
 For my own part,fince Csefar and Strabo haveBriti[h 
 
 told me, that the ancient Britains call’d fuch Towns. 
 
 woods or groves as they fenc d with trees that 
 they had cut down, 'Cities or Towns, and fince 
 1 have been inform’d, that in Britifh they call 
 fuch Groves Llhwn ; I am almoft of the opinion, 
 that London was by w'ay of eminence fimply 
 call’d the City, or the City in a Wood. But if 
 that do not fatisfy, give me leave, without the 
 charge of inconftancy,to guefs once more, name- 
 ly, that it might have it’s name from that whica 
 
 ■was the original both of it’s growth and glory; I 
 
 mean Ships, call’d by the Britifh LJmg ; fo that 
 London, is as much as a Harbour or City of Ships. 
 
 For the Britains term a City Dinas, which the Dinas: 
 Latins turn’d into Dinum. Upon this account, 
 it is call’d in one place Longidinium ; and in a 
 * Song of an ancient Britifh Bard, Lhongporth, * Nxnia. 
 i. e. a Port or Harbour tor Ships. And by the 
 fame W'ord, Bologne in France (in 
 
 make it their whole bufinefs in the Britifh 
 
 Church of Rome ; aS appears by_ an A L, n- BolumLon?. For feveral Cities have 
 Parliament 7 i. and a Declaration fet , from fhipping, as NaupaSius, 
 
 by the f-e King A. t... 
 
 Noie of whtoh, can lay bettet da™ to^the 
 
 , 8 . 
 
 Uni’verlities ; for aii account whereof, 1 reler 
 'P.«7,ef..the Reader to Mr. * Sow’s Survey. For the 
 furtherance of this defign, the King lent his 
 Letters to the Archbilhop of Canterbury, to 
 move all the Bifhops and whole Qerp ot his 
 Province, to put-to their helping hands; which 
 though adually done, and in/, time of drep 
 ts. He, n-s peace, and t though Dt. 
 
 Domes Car- Satcli/ Dean of Exeter, the lirft defign d Pr 
 tkuSana, p. voft, and Mr. Camden, who was one ot the 
 Fellows of it ; yet the building it felf (not to 
 mention the want of endowments) could ne- 
 ver be further advanced, than the outward 
 fhell of a College. In which condition it Itood, 
 till the Reftoration of King Charles the fecond, 
 who quickly after, creding another Royal So- 
 ciety at London for promoting natural know- 
 ledge, gave this to them ; but they never att^p 
 tiiic anv thing tow'ard finilhing or ufing it 
 convevi it ba?k to the fame King to build 
 an Hofpital in the place of it, tor the mam e 
 nance of wounded and fuperannuated SMier^ 
 Which being begun by him, was carried on y 
 
 name’of t a harhottr, than our London. ForitfNtvolls. 
 is admirably accommodated from both tie 
 ments : Handing in a fruitful foil, abounding 
 -with every thing, and feated upon a gentle al- 
 cent and upon the river TiflWfr, which, without 
 trouble or difficulty, brings it in the riches of 
 the World. For by the convenience ot the 
 tide coming -in at fet hours, with the ftf^ty and 
 depth of the river, which brings up the largeft 
 V&els, it daily heaps in fo muen wealth both 
 from Fall and Weft, that it may at this day dil- 
 pute Pre-eminence with all the Mart-towns m 
 Chriftendom. Moreover, it is fuch a tore, no- 
 ble, and complete ftation for Ships, that one 
 may term it agrij'v’d wood ; hjbaded is it with 
 Mafts and Sails, f Another Etymotogy is alfo 
 given us of it’s Latin name, by the judicious 
 Mr Somne-r, t who derives it from the Braite 
 
 iLZtlotits, frequent, and dyn, homo tot d.n^r.i 
 (the fa 4 with dlas) mbs, t either of X. Script. 
 
 Uich joyiiedwith Llawn, wil f.gnity a 
 flace, as Lundon has always been. 
 
 A a a 
 
 Before 
 
37 ‘ 
 
 trinob ANTES. 
 
 Before we go further, it is to be ob- 
 ferved, that both Ptolemy and Ramennas fpeak 
 of Laniinhmy as in Cantiumy and on the fouth- 
 lide of the Thames j which the late learned 
 Gale, Itire- Commentator upon Antoninusy folves thus ; 
 rar. p. 64. prcbably a Jlation of that name might be 
 placed on the fouth-fide of the Thames 
 by the Romans, for the proteftion and fe- 
 curity of the Conquefls which they had 
 made, before they attacked and overcame 
 the T'rinobantcs 'j and the place pitched upon for 
 it, is, that large fpace between Lambetli and 
 5 t. George’s- Southwark, called Georges fieldsy where have 
 
 372 
 
 been found many Roman Coins, chequer’d Pave- 
 ments, and Bricks ; and not long lince, an Urn 
 lull of Bones ; w'here alfo three Roman ways 
 centered (out of Kenty Surreyy and Middkfex -y ) 
 Kenington. and nigh to which, Keningtony on one handj 
 
 well-known to have been an ancient I’own, 
 belonging to the Kings of England ( and fo, 
 probably, before that, a Roman Station, accor- 
 ding to the cuftom of the Saxons, in fettling 
 Southwark, where the Romans had been j ) Southvjarky 
 on the other hand, hath always been reputed 
 a Burrough or place of Strength. This then is 
 fuppofed to be the Londinium meant by Ptolemy 
 and Ranjennasy on the fouth-lide of the River ; 
 which became neglefted, after the Romans had 
 fubdued the ‘TrinobanteSy and driven the Bri- 
 tains further north, and fettled themfelves on the 
 other iide of the Thames. But this by the way.l 
 Antiquity has told us nothing of the firft 
 Founder of this City ; as indeed Cities, grow- 
 ing up by little and little, dofeldom know their 
 original. Notwithftanding, this among others, 
 has fabuloufly deriv’d it felf from the Tro- 
 * Abnepos. jans, and is perfuaded that Brute, * fecond 
 Nephew to the famous .^neas, was it’s Foun- 
 
 City built, dcr. Tit not. being clear, that there W'as any 
 fuch place^in '^afars time, and yet clear that 
 
 it was a Tow n of great trade in Nerd‘Sy as Tlz- 
 citus witnelles ; doubtlefs it mull be founded 
 within that little compafs, between the times 
 of thofe Emperors ; and in all probability (as 
 
 * Orig. Brit, the learned * Bifhop of Worcefter thinks) about 
 
 the time ot Claudius ; and, likely, was inhabi- 
 ted by the Romans and Britains together, be- 
 ing a trading, though not a milimry Colony 
 ( as Camulodunum -wa.s ) from tlie very begin- 
 ning.! 
 
 But whoever built it, the growth of it 
 li Vital! ge- may evince, that it was begun with a |1 lucky 
 "w. omen ; and Ammianus Marcellinus has taught 
 us to pay it a veneration upon account of it’s 
 Antiquity, when even in his time (which is 
 + Twelve, C.f thirteen hundred years ago) he calls it an ancient 
 Town. And agreeably Cornelius Tacitus, who 
 flourifh’d under JVerOy has told us, that then it 
 was a place exceeding famous for the number of mer- 
 cbantsy and it’s trade. Even then, nothing was 
 W'anting to complete it’s glory, but that it was' 
 
 * Munici- neither a * Free-borougby nor a Colony. Nor 
 pium. indeed would it have been the intcreft of the 
 
 Romans, that a City of fuch vail trade Ihould 
 enjoy the privileges of a Colony, or Free-bo- 
 rough ; for which reafon, I believe, they made 
 -11 Pnftfturi. it a [1 PrafeSlure ; for fo they call’d the Towns 
 f Nundinx. w'lierein there were f Fairs and Courts kept. 
 
 Not that fuch Places had Magillrates of their 
 own, but had Praifeds fent them yearly to do 
 jullice, who were to ad in all publick Affairs, 
 
 * Militix. fuch as Taxes, Tributes, Impofls, * the bufi- 
 
 nefs of the Army, &c. according to the Inflru- 
 ftions of the Roman Senate. Upon which ac- 
 count it is, that London is only term’d Opi- 
 dum (a Town) by Tacitus, and by the Pane- 
 gyriE, and by Marcellinus. But although it 
 had not a more honourable title, yet it has 
 
 been as pow'erlul, wealthy, and profperous as 
 any j and that almoE without interruption un- 
 der the Roman, Saxon, and Norman Govern- 
 ments i fcarce ever falling under any remarka- 
 ble Calamity. 
 
 In Nero’s reign, when the Britains under the 
 condud of BoadidUy had refolv’d to recoi'cr their 
 ancient liberty, the Londoners could not pre- 
 vail with Suetonius Paulinus either by cries or 
 tears, but that, after he had got together the 
 Citizens to his aflillance, he would march, and 
 leave the City defencclefs to the mercy of the 
 Enemy j who immediately difpatch’d thofe few', 
 that either by reafon of their fex, their age, or 
 their natural inclination to the place, had Hay’d 
 behind. Nor mull it have fuller’d a lefs diimal 
 Maflacre from the Franks, had not the Divine 
 Providence uncxpetftedly interpos’d. For when 
 C. Aliedtus had treacheroudy cut off C. Ca-C, Carau/Im. 
 raufius a Citizen of Menapia, who (depending ^ Panegy- 
 upon the boilleroufuefs of our Sea, upon the diffi- Jo Cot" 
 culcies^of the War .wherein Dioclelian was en-tius Cxfar 
 gag’d in the Eaft, and upon the Franks, with »nd faifly ?V 
 that bold crew of his fea-allies) had kept back htj’d 
 the Revenues of Britain and Batavia, and en- 
 joy’d the title of Emperor (as we learn from 
 feveral of his Coins that are dug-up) for fix 
 years together j when alfo M. Aurelius Afcle- 
 piodatus h.ad cut oft and defeated Alledus in a 
 fet battle, who for three years together had 
 ufurp’d the government of Britain : Then thexheFrankj 
 Franks, that efcap’d alive out of the engage- flain. 
 ment, polled to London, and were j'ull ready 
 to plunder the City, when the Thames (whidi 
 always Hood the Londoners a true friend ) 
 brought up fome Roman Soldiers, who had 
 very feafonably been parted from the main 
 Fleet by a fog. Thefe fell-upon and deftroy’d 
 the Barbarians, in all parts of the City , by 
 which means the Citizens were not only fe- 
 cure themfelves, but had the fatisfadion of fee- 
 ing their Enemies dellroy’d. Then it was, as 
 our Annals tell us, that L. Gallus was flain 
 near a little river, which run almofi: through 
 the midll of the City, and was, call’d from him 
 Nantgall in Britifh, and in Englilh Walbrok?. 
 
 A name, that Hill remains in a Street there ; 
 under which, I have heard, there goes a ditch 
 or fink to carry off the filch of the Town. It 
 is not far from that great Stone call’d Z.o«do/^- London- 
 ftone : This I take to have been a- Mile-flcne^W'ae. 
 
 (fuch a one as they had in the Forum at Rome) 
 from which the dimenfions of .all the Roads or 
 Journeys were begun j lince it Hood in the mid- 
 dle of the City as it run out in length. [This Gale, Iti* 
 is confirm’d by the difeovery made of the Ro- ner. p. 
 man way at Holbom-bridgey after the fire of 
 London ; from W'hence it went through IVatling- 
 freety diredly to this London-Gone^ 
 
 And hitherto, I do not think that London 
 was walled round. But our Hiflorians tell us, 
 that a little after, ConGantine tlie Great, at the 
 requell of Helena his mother, firll wall’d it a- Coins of £*' 
 bout with hew’n Stone and Britifh Bricks, often 
 containing in compafs about three miles : 
 whereby the City was made a fquare but not* ’®^^ 
 equilateral ; being longer from well to call ; 
 and, froiji fouth to north, narrower. That 
 part of thefe Walls which run along by cheThe Walls. 
 Thames, is quite walh’d away by the continual 
 beating ^of^ tlie river j though Fitz,-Stephens 
 (who liv’d in Henry the fecond’s time) tells us, 
 there were fome pieces of it then to be feeii. 
 rile reft remains to this day, and that part to- 
 ward the north, very fiiTn ; for having | not-|-i474. 
 many years fince been repair’d by one Jotcelin 
 who was Mayor, it put on, as it were, a new 
 face and freflinefs. But that toward the eaft 
 
 and 
 
373 
 
 MIDDLESEX. 
 
 374 - 
 
 Ludgste, 
 
 + 1 ^ 86 . 
 
 Aldgate. 
 
 and weft, though the Barons repair’d it in their 
 Wars out of the demolifli’d houfes of the 
 4 So faid, JeVi's, f is all ruinous, and going to decay, 
 ann. xf 5 o 7 .For the Londoners, like the Lacedemonians of 
 old, do flight fenced Cities, as fit for nothing 
 but women to live ^ in, and look upon their 
 own City to be fate, not by the affiftance of 
 Stones, but by the courage of it’s Inhabitant?. 
 The Gsto** Thefe Walls have feven principal Gates jn 
 them (for thofe 4 ’/ 7 er .1 induftrigufly omit,) 
 which, as they have been repair’d, have taken 
 new names. To the weft there are two j Lud- 
 gate, fo call’d, either from King Luddusy or, as 
 Leland thinks, from Fludgate^ with reference to 
 the fmall river below it (as there was the Por^ 
 ta Fluemana at Rome •, ) this was f lately built 
 Newgate, fj-om the very foundation : and Newgatey the 
 moft beautiful of them all ; fo nam’d from 
 the newnefs of it (for before they call’d it Cham- 
 berlan-gate) which is the publick Gaol. On 
 Alderfgate.the noith-iide there are four Alderfgate, fo 
 called, either from it’s Antiquity, or (as others 
 Cripplcgate- would have it) from Aldrick the Saxon : Crip- 
 plegatey from the adjoyning Hofpital for lame 
 Moregatc. people : Moregate^ from a neighbouring bog 
 or ten (now turn’d into a Field and a pleafant 
 Walk ‘y ) firft built by one Franceripiiy who was 
 Billiopfgate. Mayor, in the year 1414 .• Bijhopfgatey from the 
 Bifliop y and this (as I have been rol<y the 
 Eafierlings. German Merchants of the Society of the Hanfe- 
 towns, were bound by Article to keep in re- 
 pair, and, in cafe of a fiege, to defend it. To 
 the eaft there is but one, Aldgate (from it’s 
 oldnefs) or as others will have it call’d, ElbegOte. 
 The common Opinion is, that there were two 
 more towards the Thames, befides that at the 
 llCothon, bridge, namely, Belingf-gatey now a || Wharf to 
 receive Ships ^ and Dourg^tey j. e. the water-gate, 
 call’d commonly Dow~gate. 
 
 At each end of the wall that runs along by 
 the river, were ftrong Forts j the one, toward 
 the eaft, remains to this day, call’d commonly 
 The Jower, the 'timer of London^ and in Britilh, from it s 
 whitenefs, Brmmiriy and Tour-gwin. Which is in- 
 deed a ftately Tower, furrounded with walls of 
 great compafs, mounting up with turrets, and 
 guarded with a rampire and broad ditches, to- 
 gether with the accommodation of a noble 
 Armory, and other houfes ; fo that it felf looks 
 like a Town : and a conjedure. That the two 
 Caftles, which Fitz,-Stephens has told us were 
 at the eaft end of the City, may have been 
 turn’d into this one, would be plaufible enough. 
 At the weft-end of the City, was another Fort, 
 Fleet, riv.^vhere the little yxvqt Fleet (from whence is our 
 * Now, C. jtleetfireet) * in the laft age of fmall ufe^ but for- 
 merly, as I have read in the Parliament-Re- 
 cords, navigable fand of late years made fo 
 again,! empties it felf into the Thames. Fitxr 
 Stephens call d this Fort the Palatine towevy and 
 tradition affirms it to have been burnt down 
 in William the Conqueror’s time. Out of the 
 f The old ruins whereof was built a great part | of St. 
 
 ““ ■ Poufs Church ; as alfo a Monaftery for Domi- 
 Biack-Friers. nican Friers (from whom we call the place Black- 
 Friers) founded in the very area or plot of it. 
 by Robert Kiltoarby Archbiihop of Canterbury : 
 from whence you may eafily take an eftimate of 
 it’s largenefs. And yet in Henry the fecond’s 
 time, there were in the fame place (as Gerva- 
 fius Tilburienfis, in his Otia Jmperialiay affirms) 
 tv:o Pergama, or Caftles with walls and vampires 
 one whereof belong d to Bainard, the othf)r to the Ba- 
 rons (f Montfit^ett by Inheritance. But there 
 is nothing now to be feen of them j though 
 Bainard’s-ca- are inclin’d to think that PemhroclF-hot^e 
 ftk. was part of them j which we call Bainaras- 
 
 caftle, from a Nobleman, one William Bainardy 
 Lord of Dunmowy formerly owner of it ; whofe 
 fucceflors, the FitXi-Waltersy were hereditary 
 * Standard-bearers of London. ^ Antefona* 
 
 Nor was London only wall’d round at thatni. 
 time ; but alfo, upon the confirmation which Biiho* 
 Chriftianity receiv’d from that beft of Empe-P""^’ 
 rors, the Flamin was remov’d, and a Bifliop 
 put in his place. For it is certain that the 
 Bifhop of London wsis at the Council of Arlesy 
 held in the year 3 14. under Conftaiitine the 
 Great j fince we find it faid in the firft Tome of 
 the Councils, “ Out of the Province of Britainy Kc-Sse Baronius, 
 “ ftitutus Bifliop of the City of London j ” whom c°>^cerning 
 (with his fucceifors) fome affirm to have had Council, 
 his refidence at St. Peter’s in Cornhill. 
 
 TFrom that time, London flourifli’d fo exceed- 
 ingly, that by degrees it was call’d Augufla, and call’d 
 had that honourable title under Valentinian the Augufta. 
 Emperor. For thus fays Ammianus Marcelli- 
 nus, in his Bookj And going to London 
 ancient towny which PoUerity named Augufta. And 
 in his 28'^ Book ; Going from Augufta, which 
 the Ancients calfd London. Upon which ac- 
 count, when a Mint was fettled here in Con- The Mint, 
 ftaiitine the Great’s time (for we read on thofe 
 Medals which he made in memory of Con- 
 ftantius his father, as well as on others, P. 
 
 LON. S. i. e. Pecimia Londini fignatay or. Mo- 
 ney coin’d at London,) then, he who was Go- 
 veriiour here under the Count of the* Imperial* Sacratum 
 LargeffeSy is call’d by the NotitiUy Provoft of 
 treafures of the Auguftenfes in Britain. This ^ 
 
 AuguB a w'&s a name of the greateft Honour 
 and Majefty. For the Builders or Reftorers of 
 Cities, out of hopes or wifties at leaft that they 
 might be powerful, flourifhing, and great, us’d 
 to give them aufpicious names. But among all 
 the reft, there was none fo magnificent, none fo 
 aufpicious, as Augufta. For that beft and greateft 
 of Emperors Ollavianusy took the name of Au- 
 guftus, not without the judgment and advice 
 of the moft learned Men of the Age. He was 
 furnam'd Auguftus ( fays Dio, ) to imply that heUh. ^4* 
 was above the common reach of mankind. For thofe 
 things which heft deferve honour and are moft facredy 
 are call’d Augufta. Nor had London this name, 
 and this particular mark of honour, without 
 the Gonfent of the Roman Emperors. Which 
 cuftora of taking no name without particular 
 Licence, Virgil hints in that Verfe of his ; 
 
 Urbem appeUabavt, 
 ftam. 
 
 perfnijfo nominey Ace-. 
 
 The City they, with leave, Acefta c.all’d. 
 
 fWhether this Place had the name AuguFid 
 from Helena AuguFla mother of Conftaiitine the 
 Great, or from the Legio Secunda Augufla refi- 
 ding here, we have no accomic in Hiftory ; 
 but that the faid Legion was here, feems to 
 be plain from the following Sepulchral In- 
 feription, dug-up near Ludgatey ann. aiid 
 
 now preferved at Oxford. 
 
 Blit 
 
375 
 
 T RtNO B A NT ES. 
 
 376 
 
 D 
 
 nomina, 
 London in 
 the Saxons 
 hands. 
 
 M 
 
 VIVIO • MAUG 
 LEGai 
 AVG> lANVARIA 
 MAU'INA GNJ.VNX 
 PIENTKSIMA POGV 
 IT ME MOllAMn 
 
 But as time has deftroy’d this moft honoura- 
 ble name, fo has it confirm’d that more ancient 
 one of London. While it had that other name, 
 it was very near being fack’d by a feditious 
 gang of Robbers j but Theodofius, father to 
 Theodofius the Emperor, falling upon them 
 while they were laden with the fpoils, routed 
 and flew them, and (as Marcellinus has it) with 
 great joy and in a triumphant manner eater d the 
 City, which had jufi before been overwhelm’ d with 
 miferies. Marching from thence, he fo efteftu- 
 ally freed Britain, by his great Valour, from 
 the Calamities wherein it was involv’d, that 
 Symmachus tells us) * the Romans honour d 
 BritLnicum this Britijh General with a Statue on horfe-back, a- 
 Dusem — mong their ancient heroes, Not long alter, when 
 inter prifea Roman Government in Britain expir d, 
 
 this, according to the unhappy Fate of the 
 whole Ifland, toll under the power of the Sax- 
 ons j but by what methpds, does not appear 
 from Hiftory. I fanfy, that Vortigern, when 
 a captive, gave it to Hengift the Saxon for his 
 ranfom ; for it belong’d to the Eaft-Saxons, 
 and Authors tell us, that Vortigem gave Hen- 
 gift that Country upon this account. At which 
 time, the Church fufter’d the ^greateft Cala- 
 mities ; it’s Paftors were martyr’d or banifh’d, 
 and their flocks driven away ; and W’hen all 
 the wealth, facred and profane, was fwallow’d- 
 up in plunder and rapine, T’beonus, the laft Bi- 
 fhop of London that was a Britain, hid the 
 ReH™ KiRdiiue! of the Saim (as my Author fays J » 
 to preferve preferve their metmry, and not out of any JuperjitUon. 
 the memory gut though the Confufions of the Saxon age 
 of perfons. ^j^^t the God of War feem’d to head 
 
 them in perfon 5 yet was London (as Bede tells 
 us) a Mart-town of great tre^ck and commerce 
 both by fea and land. And afterwards, when_ a 
 gentle gale of peace began to fan and revive 
 this weary Ifland, and the Saxons were turn’d 
 Chi-iftian ; it rofe again with a new and greater 
 610. luftre. For ^Ethelbert King of Kent (under 
 
 * Quail ber.e- whom Sebert was a* fort of petty Prince in 
 ficiarius. thofe parts) built here a Church dedicated to 
 
 St. Paul’s. St. Paul j which, by improvements at feveral 
 + Is* erown t grew to an exceeding large and mag- 
 
 C. ^ ’ nificent Srrufture j and the-revenucs of it are 
 
 fo confiderable, as to maintain a Bifhop, Dean, 
 PrjECentor, Chancellor, Treafurer, five Arch- 
 deacons, thirty Prebendaries, and others. [While 
 
 * From am. this ancient Church w’as * in building, the fuc- 
 1228. ceflive Bifhops defpairing to finifh it by pri- 
 
 v.ite hands, were forced to apply themfelves to 
 the bounty of all good people throughout the 
 Realms both of England and Ireland, as ap- 
 pears by the hortatory Letters of feveral Bi- 
 Ihnps of both Nations, to the Clergy under 
 their ch.arge, for recommendation of the bufi- 
 nefs to their particular Congregations. By 
 
 which Letters, there were Indulgences granted 
 for releafe of Penance enjoined, extending to 
 certain numbers of days, to all fuch as being 
 truly penitent, fhould afford their affiftance to- 
 ward this great work; which Indulgences were 
 not only granted to the Contributors tow'afd 
 it, but alfo to the Sollicitors for Contributi- 
 ons, and to the very Mechanicks who labour’d 
 in it *. *DugdaI«’s 
 
 By this means, it feems to have been finifh’dpaui*°^ ' 
 about the year 1312. being paved that year 
 with good t marbfo. ^ Five-pence 
 
 Thfe Ball ab6ve the head of the Spire of this^^*^ ° ‘ 
 Churchj'was fo very large, that it would contain 
 in it ten bufhels of Corn, .and the length of the 
 Crofs above the faid Ball or Pommel, fifteen 
 foot, and the traveffe fix'. In which Crofs, the 
 reliques of divers Saints were put by Gilbert de 
 Segrave then Bifhop of London, to the intent, 
 that (according to the Superftitions of thofe 
 Times) God, by the glorious merfts of his 
 Saints, whofe reliques were therein contained, 
 would vouchfafe to preferve the Steepfe from 
 all danger of rempefts. But how ineffedual 
 they were for that purpofe, after-ages Ihew- 
 ed j for, within 132 years, viz,. Anno 1444. 
 
 22 Henry 6. the Shaft or Spire was fired by 
 Lightning, which though happily quenched 
 by the labour of many well-difpofed People, 
 yet did fo much harm, that it was not fulE- 
 ciently repaired till the year L/^62. (z Edward 
 the 4'",) when a coftly Weathercock of Copper 
 gilt ( the length whereof from head to tail 
 was four foot, the breadth over the wings three 
 foot and a half; of forty pounds weight) was 
 added to it ; the Crofs wheBeon itf flood 
 (which from the Ball upwards was fifteen foot 
 fix inches fong ; and the traverfe five foot ten 
 inches) being made, within, of firm Oak, and 
 cover’d firft with Lead, which was plated over 
 again with Copper varnifh’d red, the Ball be- 
 ing alfo of Copper gilt, in compafs nine foot 
 and one inch, as appear’d by meafure at the 
 taking of it down for it’s better repair An. 
 
 1553. I Mariae. 
 
 And thus, the Spire being brought once more 
 to perfection, it flood not much above an hun- 
 dred years ; but a more deplorable mifchance 
 befell it again by Lightning, July 4. An. 1551. 
 
 5 Eliz. whereby the Shaft was firft fet on fire 
 about three yards from the top ; which being 
 wholly confumed, it next feized the roof of 
 the Church and lies, burning down all the 
 rafters, and whatever elfe was liable to it, in 
 four hours time. The repair hereof was profecu- 
 ted with that zeal and diligence by the Queen, 
 
 Clergy, and Laity, that in April 15^5. all 
 the roofs of timber were perfectly finifh’d, 
 and cover’d with lead : only the Steeple (tho’ 
 divers Models were then made of it) was left 
 imperfeift, which continued fo, notwithftanding 
 the attempts made towards it’s farther repara- 
 tion in the time of James 1, and by Archb. Laud 
 in the time of his fon, till it was again wholly con- 
 fumed juft a hundred years after, in that dread- 
 ful Conflagration, which happen’d in the year 
 i666. and which we fhall mention more par- 
 ticularly, by and by. In the account of this 
 Church we have been thus diftineft, becaufe 
 even what the Fire it felf left, was afterwards 
 demolifh’d to the very foundation, in order 
 to the erefting of that noble, beautilul, and 
 ftupendous Pile, now finifhed ; the charge where- 
 of hath been chiefly fupported by an impoft on 
 Sea-coal (a much better Fund, than that of Be- 
 nevolence, whereby the former Church was 
 
 built.) 
 
377 _ 
 
 ~MIDDLESEX'. 
 
 455 
 
 228 
 
 lOI 08 
 
 2iy 00 
 
 344 
 
 90 
 
 built.) Th^ Dimenfions oi xhis Nevj Church areas 
 follow : ’ 
 
 By Mr. From the Eaft end to the Weft, 
 
 James. tween the Walls, J 
 
 From North to South in the Crofs He 
 between the Walls, 
 
 From North to South in the Nave, be- 
 tween the Walls, 
 
 From the Pavement to the top of the'^ 
 
 Cupola, > 
 
 From the Pavement to the top of the^ 
 
 Crofs, 
 
 From the Pavement to the higheft part 
 of the arch’d Roofing, in the Nave 
 and Choir, 
 
 The faid Cupola is exceeding large, and, on the 
 infide, is adorned with curiousPaintings ; which are 
 a Reprefentation of the Life and Ads of St. Paul. 
 In the Church alfo, is a Libraryi well ftored with 
 valuable and curious Books.l 
 
 The old Ca- The eaft-part of * the old Church which f feem- 
 tbedral. ed to be newer, and f was curioufly wrought, ha- 
 *This,C yjng a vault and a moft beautiful porch (call’d al- 
 1 ^!™. St.FaijA’s Church;) was re-edify’d by Bifhop 
 " ’ ’ Maurice about io 85 . out of the ruins of that 
 Palatine Tower above-mentioned 1 having before 
 that been burnt down. Of which Malmesbury 
 writes thus : It has fuch a majeftick beauty, as to de- 
 ferve a name among the buildings of greatefi note. 
 * Superior •S’o'to/ie is the vault, fo capacious * the body of the 
 
 xdeSc r'huvrU. fh/1t thinh it tytinht 
 
 the commou 
 
 378 
 
 Church 3 that one luotild think it might contain the great- 
 ejl Congregation imaginable. And thus Maurice, by 
 fatisfying his extravagant humour, entail’d the charge 
 of this great work upon pojierit^. And afterward, when 
 Richard his fuccejfor bad allow’d the entire revenues of 
 his Bifhoprick to the building of this Cathedral, finding 
 other ways to maintain himjelf and bis family j he 
 feem’d to have done nothing towards it : Thus did be 
 befiow all he had upon it, and yet to little purpofe. The 
 II Tranfep-^’^^'P^^^ Crofs-Be, f was fpa- 
 
 turn. cious, with lofty large pillars and a moft beautiful 
 + Is, C. roof of Stone. Where thefe four parts * met, there 
 arofe a lar^e and lofty tower ; upon which flood 
 * ’ ’ a fpire cover d over with lead, and of a prodigious 
 
 height (for from the groun^it was y34footj) but 
 in the year 1087. it was burnt with lightning, not 
 gj vvithout great damage to the whole City: and tho’ 
 * Very late- it was built again j yet * it fuller’d the fame fate 
 ly, when we once more f. I will fubjoyn the Dimenfions of 
 
 C ZtZ n. Xj _i? _ A -I r 
 
 J * ■ V . X /Vt VJ i. util. J KjIJUTLiJ Si 
 
 II 720, Stow, II ^9^ breadth 130 foot the height of the 
 
 h»nnot599-w^er»-roo//roOT the area, loi foot ; the height of the 
 roof of a new building from the area, 88 foot j the 
 ‘Campanile. of fhe fione-work belonging to * the Belfrey from 
 the ground, 260 foot; the height of the wooden part 
 belonging to the fame Belfrey, 274 foot, &c. {a) 
 
 Diana’s Some have fanfy’d that the Temple of Diana 
 Temple, formerly flood here ; and there are circumftances 
 that ftreiigthen their conjedure ; as, the old ad- 
 jacent buildings being called in their Records 
 Diana Camera, i. e. the Chamber of Diana j the 
 
 people at that not without great adm~‘ 
 look d upon to have been Gcntik-facrifices ; and’ 
 Taurofclla wete cele- 
 brated in honour of And when I was a 
 
 boy, I have feen a flag s-head fix’d upon a fpcar 
 (agreeable enough to the Sacrifices of Diana) and 
 carry d-about in the very Church, with great fo- 
 lemnity and founding of Horns. And I have 
 heard that the Stag which the femily of Baud in 
 £/cxwere bound to pay for certain lands, was 
 usd to be receivd at the flaps of the Quire by 
 the Members of this Churcli, in their SMerdotal 
 
 h°p^?s’ flowers about their 
 
 heads. Whether this was a cuftom, before the 
 Bauds were obliged to the payment of that Stag, 
 
 I know not ; but certain it is, this ceremony ft 
 vours more of the wotlhip of Diana and the Gen- 
 tile-errors, than of the Chriflian Religion And 
 It IS beyond all doubt, that fome of thefe flrange 
 Rites did creep into the Chriflian Religion; 
 which the primitive Chriftians either clos’d with 
 out ot that natural inclination mankind has to’ 
 Superftition, or bore with them in the beginning 
 with defign to draw over the Gentiles by little 
 and little to the worlhip of the true God. (But 
 much nather Ihould I found fuch an opinion (of a 
 Temple of Diana) upon the witty conceit of Mr. 
 
 Seldm i who (upon occafion of fome Ox-heads, 
 lacred alfo to Diana) that Were difeover’d in dig- 
 ging the foundations of a new Ch.apel on the 
 fouth-lule of St. Paul*s. would infinuate that theAnno 1315. 
 n.ame of London imported no more than Llan Dien, 
 s.e. Templum Diana:. And againft the forgoing 
 Conjeames it is urged. That, as for the Tene- 
 ments call d Camem Diana, they flood not fo near 
 the Church as fome would have us think, blit on 
 St. Paul s-vihaif-hill near DoPlors-Commons, and 
 feem to have taken their denomination from a 
 fpacious Building full of intricate Turnings, 
 wherein King Henry the fecond (as he did at 
 Woodftock) kept his bean’s delight; whom he 
 there call’d Fair Rofamund, and here Diana. Of 
 which winding vaults there remain’d fome parts in 
 Mr. Stoau s rime, as allb of a paflage under-ground Survey, 
 from Baynard’s Caftle to it ; which poffibly might P- 781. 
 be the King s way to his Camera Diana, or fe- 
 cret apartment of his beautiful Miftrefs : And 
 that, as to the donation of a Buck annually to 
 the Dean and Chapter on the fe.ift of the Com- 
 memoration of Sc. Paul, and the carrying the 
 head in proceffion before the Crofs ; it is faid to 
 have been a plain compofition betwixt the Church 
 and the Family of Baud, of no older date than 
 the third of Edward the firft, in lieu of twenty- 
 two Acres of Land, parcel of their Manour of 
 Wefilep, granted to Sir WiUiam Baud, to be taken 
 into his Park at Coringham in Eflex. Which be- 
 ing an acknowledgment fo naturally arifing from 
 the ufe and application of the Grant; it is not 
 probable that any thing more * is lignify’d by it. • Ibid. 
 
 But though this do not countenance the Con-P- 368. 
 jeSurc, yet ought not the Opinion to be alto- 
 gether rejeSed, fince it receives confirmation from 
 ■fnnrp nin/voc nf A nunn r r-,r /^nrr U 
 
 uiana .camera, i. e. me u.namDer 01 jLiiana ; tne gether re;e«ed, liiice it receives confirmation from 
 digging up in the Church-yard, in Edward the thofe pieces of Antiquity dug-up hereabouts; not 
 fitft’s reign (as we find by our Annals) an incre - ' only in ancient times, but alfo of later years. For 
 
 (a) AnexaftMeafurewas taken of thatChurch about 1312. being the year wherein it was finifti’d; which was 
 written in a Tablet in large Charafters, heretofore hung on the north-part of the (^ire. From 'xhence Dugdale 
 feems to have taken the dimenfions 5 for he differs in nothing from what was exprels’d in the Table, but in the 
 height of the fteeple. Tho’ the height of the tower from the level of the ground was i6o foot j and the height 
 of the fpire above it 274, as he fays 5 yetthe whole, m. both of tower and fpire, did not exceed 520 foot, 
 as is teftify’d by the Tablet (whereof there is a MS. Copy in the publick Library in Cambridge ;) and this is 14 
 foot fliort of the height mention’d by that Author, who makes it 5 34 foot high , agreeable to tlie two dimenfions 
 of thetower and fpire added together. Which muft indeed have been true, hadthe fpire rifenfrom xhefummit 
 of the battlements ; whereas I fiippofe it rofe (as the fpires of moft fteeples do) much below them •, the bat- 
 tlements here rlfing \ 4 foot above the bafe of the fpire, which muft occafion the difference. 
 
 *Bbb 
 
379 
 
 T R 1 NoYA NT E S~ 
 
 38c 
 
 Tn making the of this new Fabrick 
 
 in maKing tne iuuuuai..ww •• . 
 
 among other things they caft-up the teeth ot 
 Eoarslnd of other Beafts, and a piece of a Bucks 
 horn, with feveral fragments of VeJJels which by 
 the figure one would imagine to have been us din 
 their Sacrifices. A great number of thefe (with 
 an entire Urn, a Lamp, and other tnings bekng- 
 ing to the Roman Funerals, and dug-up in Good- 
 h Mr inr- mans-fiM,-) came into the hands of a t very know- 
 
 not long that they had enjoy d a fettled peace. 
 
 fiiy. 
 
 man i-jik'ii*},/ a*.-- — 
 
 ins and ingenious Gentleman. I , • 
 
 Ever fmce that fancientl Churcn w^is built, it 
 has been the See of the Bifhops of London ; and 
 under the Saxons (fifty years after the expuHion 
 of Theonus the Britain) the firft Biihop that it 
 had was mlitus a Roman, confecrated by Au- 
 eufiine Archbilhop of Canterbury. It was in ho- 
 nour to this Auguftine, that the Archicpifcopal 
 
 rr • * Di'^nicv, and the Metropolitical See, were tran- 
 
 from London to Canterbury, agamft the 
 
 llatea irom o 
 
 exprefs order of Pope Gregory. , r , 
 
 There t were bury d m this Church (to jay 
 
 1 nere t 'vtic uuiy *-1 ....... — - x j 
 
 bi- nothing of St. Erhnwald, and the Bifhops) 
 ry'ci in the King of the Eaft-Saxons, tvho quitted his Crown 
 old Paul's. Pqj. pake of Chrift and Religion ; Ethelred or 
 About 6S0. (who was rather an opprejfor than govemour 
 
 GaUU.l Ot this kingdom : the beginning of his reign ^as bar' 
 Gull. Mil- miferable, and the^ end fiamefid ; 
 
 mesb. 
 
 barous, we rmuukc 
 
 he made himfelf inhuman, hy amtving at Parnetde 
 inf mens, iy his co-war dife a-ad effeminacy : md by hts 
 death, miferable : ) Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln, 
 sjcbn of Gaum Duke of Lancafter. Smon de Burley 
 
 a lamous is.uigiD-9 ^ ji.r 
 
 Cinque-Ports, ff. ford 
 
 nor long UKLL uicy w.j v - - ------ r » 
 
 when the VVeft-Saxons fubdu d the Lalt-baxons, 
 and London fell into the hands of the Mercians. 
 
 .And thefe civil wars were fcarce ended, when pre- 
 fently a new northern ftorm broke out, namely 
 that Danilh one, which miferably harrafs’d all 
 thefe parts, and gave a terrible blow to this City. 
 
 For the Danes got poffeffion of it, but lEltred re- 
 took it ; and, alter he had repair’d it, committed 
 it to the government of his fon-in-Uw lEchelred, 
 
 Earl of the Mercian,s. Notwithftanding, after 
 
 this, thofe Plunderers did often befiege it; efpe- 
 
 cially Canutus, who dug a new chanel with de- 
 fign to divert the Thames: but they f olt-nraest Aliyays,C. 
 loft their labour, the citizens ftoudy defending 
 it againll the afliiulcs of the Enemy, flndeed, 
 in the year 839, in the reign of King Ethd-wolj, 
 it was furpriz’d by the Danes, and the Citizens 
 inhumanly butcher’d. Quickly after, in the 
 year 85 l. it was again fack’d fay the Danes ; the 
 army of Beorhtwulf King of Merci.a, who came 
 to it’s defence, being totally routed. Again, m 
 idle year 872. in the days of Kiag Ethelred, the 
 Danes took it, and winter’d in it. And fo again 
 in the year 7013. after a gre.at fight with Stoaiie 
 King of Denmark who befieg’d it, the Citizens 
 were at laft forced to admit him and his army to 
 winter in it, and to pay him fuch tribute as he 
 demanded. Laftly, in the year lord, it was 
 twice befieged, and fo much ftreighten’d by CiJ- 
 nutus, that they were neceflitated in fine to re- 
 ceive him into the City, and to give him winter- 
 
 mLn Herbert Earl of Bemhtoke, Nicholas Bacon 
 Lord Keeper, aperfonol great Wlfdom. mid pro- 
 found judgment, Sir Philip Sidney and Stt Francis 
 IValfingbam moft famous Knights, &c. mdClm 
 Zpher Hatton Lord High Chancellour of England, 
 + Nepos. to whofe facred andlafting memory his t nephew 
 Widiam Hamn of the ancient family of the Aetii- 
 II srirpem. ports (but by him adopted into the name and II fa- 
 mily of the Hattons,) dutifully erefted a magnifi- 
 
 J 1 4-Ut. iillfl IllPn 
 
 ceive miu — o* . . q 
 
 quarters, and to buy their peace with a lum ot 
 
 ^ ai- A 1 C_ L 4.U .. nnnrx It"* 
 
 IIJU UU UUy UlCll 
 
 money*. Alfo before the Conqueft, anno 983. it' Cnron. Sax. 
 was much wafted by fire, as Ranulph Higden, in 
 his Polychronicon, tells us.) Lib. 6. 
 
 But fnotwithftanding they held out, under all 
 thefe Calamities! they were under continual ap- 
 prehenfions, till they joyfully receiv’d William the 
 Norman, whom Providence had defign d for the 
 Crown of England; and faluted him King.^ From 
 that time, the winds ceas’d, the clouds fcatter d, and- 
 
 „i,y of amffagh Jh: r;:e‘ goto age began to fiine forth Since 
 
 ‘I Tr of fo ereat a Perfoii. TBut here, we muft]then (till the year iddS.! it t had not felt any f Has, 
 charaaer of lo great .a rcnoii. 1 Du , , . tut by the bounty of our 
 
 Hik. 
 
 .f St. Bimop ot London, and fo~ 
 
 in Tr^‘‘-. William ^f Malm.bury, ^ 
 
 7 \ j kofr.t-A flip nun or this 
 
 * Survey, 
 p. 227. 
 
 m 14.04.. niLu oi. V..- ----- _ 
 
 hundred and fixty years before the rum of this 
 Church in 1666. Notwithftanding which diftaiice 
 of time, upon pulling down the Itone-vvork, and 
 removal of the rubbim, his body was tounc at- 
 tire, the skin ftill inclofing the bones and llelhy 
 parts ; only in the breaft there was a hole (made 
 I furpofe by accident) thro’ which one might view 
 and handle his lungs. The skin was of a deep 
 tawny colour, and the body very light ; as ap- 
 pear’d to all who came to view and touch it, it be- 
 ing expofed in a Coffin for fome time without any 
 oftenfive fmell ; and then re-lnter d. To which 
 Mr.* Sow gives us a parallel Hiftory m this very 
 City in the corps of Alice Hackney, wife of Robe-rt 
 Hainey, Sheriff of London .15 of Edward the 
 fecond. Anno 1321- whole body, being dug-up 
 by the Labourers in April Arnio 1497- V-s they 
 were working the foundations of a Wall in the 
 Parim-Church of St. Marj-hiU) was found with 
 her skin whole, her bones all in their natural 
 pofture, and the joynts of her arms pliable ; but 
 viclding an ill fmell, after it had been kept four 
 doys above-ground. In which two laft points, 
 this (though equally entire) differ dlrom the for- 
 mer: whence it is very evident that they had, in 
 ancient times, more ways than one, of preferving 
 the dead from corruption, as well as now. | 
 
 Befides the There is * nothing of the Saxon Work that 1 
 hu“hofSt.!'“owof «ow remaining in London; for it was 
 
 iUly Ct 
 
 liv’d near that time, calls it a dtp noble, wealthy, 
 in eaiery part adorn’d by the riches of the citHens, and 
 frequented by merchants from att parts of the world. 
 
 And Fitz.-Stephens, who liv’d in that age, has told 
 us that then London had one hundred and twen- 
 ty-two Parim-Churches, and thirteen belonging 
 to *CoiroeB(j; and that upon a mufter made °f 
 that were able to bear Arms, it feiit into the held'™ • 
 forty thoufand foot, and twenty thoufand horfe. 
 
 [But yet, ever fince the Conqueft, it h.ath had 
 mixtures of divers rem.arkable Difafters, in feve- 
 ral ages. For, not to mention the grievous Infults 
 made upon it of later years, by IVat Fyler and 
 fack Straw ill the time of Richard the fecond, 
 amw 138 r ; by Jack Cade (otherwife call’d by his 
 EoWavieixs John Mendall) anno 1450, in the time 
 of Henry the fixth ; and by the baftard Falcenbridge, 
 in 14S1, in the reign of Edward the fourth: 
 not (I fay) to mention thefe Infults : In the year 
 1077, in the days of William the Conqueror, it 
 was confumed by fo great a fire, as had not 
 happen’d to it (as the Saxon Chronicle exprefles 
 it) fince it’s foundation, t Quickly after again,tCI:ron.S« 
 in the fame King’s reign, anno 1086. the Churchy. i 83 . 
 of St. Paul was quite burnt down, with the 
 greateft and moft fplendid part of the City. 
 
 II Again in the year 1135. the firft of King|| Stow’sS"' 
 Stephen, by a fire which began in Cannon-flreet vey, p. i 4 J. 
 near London-Ilone, the City was confumed 
 
 from 
 
38 i 
 
 MI DD LES E X. 
 
 from thence, to the Ealhvard as far as'Aldgate ; to 
 
 38;: 
 
 St. Paulas Church WeftAvard ; and to the South 
 as far as Southwark ; the bridge Cthen of tim- 
 ber) being quite burnt down. This bridge was 
 afterwards rebidlt of flone, and houfes fet upon 
 it, but within four years after it Avas hnifli’d 
 (anno 1212.) upon occafion of a fire in South- 
 wark (Avhilft a multitude of people were paf- 
 fing the bridge, either to extinguifh, or to 
 gaze at it,) on a fudden the houfes on the 
 North-end of the bridge, by a Ifrong South 
 wind, were fet on ^re. So that the people 
 til rouging betwixt two fires, could noAV exped 
 no help but from the veflels in the river, Avhich 
 came in great numbers to their afiiftance ; but 
 the multitude fo unadvifedly rufh’d into them, 
 that they were quickly overfet, and the people 
 ^ Gualt. Co* droAvn^d ■> and betAvixt fire and water, there 
 vert. & Lib. above 3000 perfonsf. Alfo Feb. 13. 
 
 l|5tow’sSur-^*'i’''o 1033^ a third part at leaft of the fame 
 vey, p- 7^2. bridge was again burnt down |1. 
 
 Fire of Lon- But the mofi; dreadful fire that ever befel this 
 ion, great City, Avas that Avhich happen’d Avithin 
 
 our own memory, viz,, on Sunday Sept. 2. 
 anno 1666. Avhich beginning in Pudding-lane, 
 in three days time (being driven by a frefli 
 eaflerly Avind) confumed no lefs than eighty-nine 
 Churches, the Guild-hall,Hofpitals, Schools and 
 Libraries, with fifteen entire Wards of the twen- 
 ty-fix, leaving eight of the reft half burnt and 
 miferably fhatter a. In this compal's, w'^ere four 
 hupftted ftreets, and in them thirteen thoufand 
 tw'o hundred houfes, which cover’d no lefs than 
 four hundred thirty-fix acres of ground : It 
 deftroy’d all on the Thames-fide, from Al- 
 hallows Barkin to the Temple Church, and all 
 along from the North-eaft walls of the City to 
 Holburn-hridge : and Avhen all artificial helps 
 fail’d, it languifli’d and Avent out of it felf, 
 though amongft as combuftible buildings as 
 any it had burnt before. In memory whereof, 
 near the place Avhere the fire began, is erefted 
 
 fide with new buildings ,■ and the Suburbs 
 
 ftretch’d it felf a long way beyond the City- 
 gates i elpecially to the weft, where it is moft 
 populous, and has * twelve Inns of Court for the* Befidestwo 
 ftudy of our Common-Law. Four of them, for Str'jsants. 
 very large and fplendid, belong f to the Judi- 
 cial-CourtSj the reft to Chancery. In thefe,J^°'"'"°". 
 fuch numbers of young Gentlemen apply them- ' 
 
 felyes to the ftudy of the Law, that in thisf Ad Forum 
 point they are no Avay inferior to Angkrs, Curiam. 
 
 or Orleans ; as f. Fortefeue in his little Treatife 
 of the Laws of England, has told us. Thofe 
 four principal ones 1 mention’d, are the Inner- Formerly 
 7 ’emple, the Middle-Tempky Grays-lnn and The 
 
 colns-lnn. The two firft are in the place A^diere 
 formerly (in the reign of Henry the fecond) 
 
 Heraclius Patriarch of Jerufalem confecrated awhere now 
 Church for the Knighs Templars, which they Soutbamton. 
 had built after the model of the Temple nearj!"|f 
 our Saviour’s Sepulchre at Jerufalem. For xempSs. 
 there they liv’d in that part of the Temple 
 next the Sepulchre, and from it had their 
 name j being under a voav to proteft the Chri- 
 ftiaii Religion, and ail fuch as came in pilgri- 
 mage to the Sepulchre of our Lord, againft the 
 Mahometans. By Avhich means, they gain’d 
 great efteem and refpect from all hands ; and by 
 the bounty of Princes had large PoflelTions and 
 much Avealch in all parts ; and AA'ere in great 
 reputation for their exemplary piety. Many 
 Noblemen were bury’d among them j Avhofe^^P®" Monu* 
 Images are to be feen in this Temple with their j„en*s the ' 
 legs acrofs (for fo all thofe in that- age Averecharafters 
 bury’d, who had devoted themfelvesto the fer- whereof arc 
 vice of the Holy War, or, at thofe times word- 
 ed it, had taken up the Crofs.) Among the reft, pe,fbrochix • 
 were William the father, William and Gilbert on the 
 the fons, all, Marjhals of England, and Earls Me, Miles^ e- 
 of Pembroke. But in the year of our Lord^”^^^|“» 
 1312. this Order was condemn’d for Impiety, 
 and by authority of the Pope utterly abolifh’d. The Statute 
 
 — - ^ , jHowever, their revenues by a«ft of Parliamentconcermng 
 
 a magnificent Pillar (fomewhat refembling, ex- went to the Knights-Hofpitalers of St. John 
 
 cept the Imagery, thofe of 7rrt)i2«and Antonine Jerufalemj left what Avas given upon a 2* 
 
 gious defign, fliould, contrary to the Will of 
 the Donors, be converted to ocher ufes. Not- 
 withftanding, it appears plainly by ancient Re- 
 cords, that after the Templars were driven 
 out, this place was the Seat of Thomas Earl of 
 Lancafter, and of that Spenfer Avho was the 
 great favourite of King Edward the fecond ; 
 
 at Rome) of two hundred and two foot high; 
 which equals exactly the diftance of the Pillar 
 from the place where the fire firft began. Out 
 of thefe ftupendous Ruins, it recover’d it felf, 
 and in few years rofe again Avith furprizing 
 beauty and magnificence far furpalfing its for- 
 mer condition, both in ftatelinefs of Buildings, 
 
 and number of Inhabitants. Infomuch, thatj as afterwards oi Audomar deValentia, Earl of 
 roHtical (as the ingenious Sir Wiliam Petty probably ; and at laft it Avas turn’d into two 
 
 computed it, from the number of Burials and|| Inns for the education of Lawyers. Concern- ^ Collegia, 
 Houfes in each City,) London in the year 1683, *ing the other two, I have met Avith nothing ^ 
 or thereabouts, was as big as Pam and PoweKlupon record j only there is a Tradition, that 
 (the two beft Cities of the French Monarchy)', one of them was the habitation of the Lords 
 put together ; and noAV (above feven parts of Grey, the other of the Earls of Lincoln. fAll 
 
 fifteen having been neAV built fince the great 
 Fire and the number of Inhabitants increafed 
 near one half, the total amounting to near 
 feven hundred thoufand) it is become equal to 
 Paris and Rome put together. 
 
 The addditional Buildings, which have run 
 out a great Avay into the Fields on every fide, 
 confift of noble Squares, and fumptuous Streets, 
 in great numbers j and this prodigious Increafe 
 of Inhabitants, efpecially in the Suburbs on the 
 feveral fides, hath render’d the Ont-Parijhes im- 
 moderately large : For the Divifion of which, 
 and the erefting of feveral new Churches and 
 Parifhes, AAithin the Bills of Mortality, feveral 
 Ads of Parliament have been made in the reigns 
 of Queen Anne and King George. 
 
 But to return to the more ancient State, and 
 the gradual Impiwements of this great City. 
 Having recover’d it felf by the favoxir of the 
 Norman Kings it began to increafe on every 
 
 t 
 
 thefe Inns of Court have been in great mea- 
 fure ncAV built, in a moft ftately and fplendid 
 manner ; together with the Ornaments of 
 Groves, Walks, Gardens, and all other Accom- 
 modations for Pleafure and Retirement. And, 
 befides thefe, there are two other Inns, one _ --ants ion. 
 in Fleetftreet and the other in Chancery-lane, * 
 for the reception of thofe LaAvyers Avho attain 
 the degree and dignity oi Serjeants at Law j and 
 are therefore call’d by the name o( Serjeants-inn. 
 
 To thefe Ave muft add the College of Civilians, 
 commonly call’d Dotlor s-Commons where the Commons. 
 Courts of Cixfil and Canon Law are held, and 
 the Profeflbrs thereof do live in a Community, 
 and in a Collegiate Avay .1 
 
 Near the forementioned Inns of Court, be- 
 tAveen the NeAv and Old Temple, King Henry 
 the third built a Houfe of Converts, for the main- 
 tenance of thofe AA'ho turn’d from Judaifm to 
 iChriftianity ,• Avhich afterwards King Edward 
 
 the 
 
383 
 
 T RINOB ANT ES. 
 
 Rowles. 
 
 the third made a Repofitory of the Rolls and 
 Records, whereupon it is at this day call’d the 
 RoTXiks. fThat building, call’d Domus Coymer- 
 foruM, was ercfted in the feventh year of Henry 
 the third (in the place of a Jews houfey to him 
 forfeited i) and in it all Jews and Infidels who 
 were converted to the Chriftian Faith, had fuf- 
 ficient maintcnr.nce allowed them, were inftrudt- 
 ed in the Doctrine of Chrift, and liv’d under a 
 Chriftian Governour; till Amo 125)0, when all 
 Jews were banifh’d out of the realm : by which 
 means, the number of Converts neceflarily de- 
 caying, and the Houfe becoming as it were de- 
 populated, it was granted to WiUimn Burfiall: 
 Ci’-flos Rotukrumy by Letters Patents bearing date 
 5 1 Edw. 3 . for keeping of the Rolls, which 
 Grant was ratified in Parliament i Rich, 2, and 
 by other Letters Patents 6 Rich. 2. Not- 
 ^\irhftr;nding which Grant and Ratifications, all 
 converted Jews have ever fince been allowed 
 (and will be hereafter, as often as any fuch 
 flnll appear) one penny halj-pemy per diem to- 
 ward their maintenance: which allowance was 
 paid to Peter Samuel and John tw’o con- 
 
 verted Jew^s, Anno 1685. 2 Jac. 2, as appears 
 by the Mafter of the Rolls account in the Han 
 napevy and a Conjiat out of the Pe//-ofiice, both 
 of the date above-mention’d ; who were the 
 two iaft I can find that ever enjoy’d this be- 
 
 fMS. inCa-nefitf.l 
 
 pel. Rot. This Suburbs * ran along in a continu’d range 
 
 * Run5,C.of Buildings, and the ftately houfes of fome of 
 
 the Nobility upon the Thames, as far as Weft- 
 \ Aie, C.minfter. The moft confiderable ofthem, fwere, 
 II Bride- well. 11 St. Bridgid’s-HAly where King Henry the eighth 
 built a Palace for the reception of the Empe- 
 ror Charles the fifth j but now it is a houfe of 
 Buckhurft- Corredticn : Buckburjl-h.QxSQy fometime belong- 
 houfe. ing to the Bifhops of Salisbury j the houfe of 
 The Tcmpics.the Carmelites y the Te/y/p/w before-mentioned j 
 Eflex-houfe. £^x-houfo, built by the Lord Paget j Arundel- 
 ’ SQmerfet--)\oyi(Qy built by Seimor Duke of 
 Somerfet- Somerfet. Next, to pafs by the reft, the ^ Savoy 
 houfe. (fo call’d from Peter Earl of Savoy, w'ho liv’d in 
 Savoy. which Eleanor wife of Henry the third 
 
 * Frauibus. bought of the * Fraternity of f Montjoyy and 
 
 ^Montis pQn Edmund Earl of Lanc.after ; 
 
 \s hofe poftcrity for a long time had it for a feat, 
 
 II Pauperibus till Henry the feventh made it a j] Hofpital. 
 (acravit. Durham-hovAcy built by Anthony Bee Biftiop of 
 
 k)ufe Durham, and Patriarch of Jerufalem. Tork- 
 
 * H t]' hee ^loufe (for fo it * was call’d,) formerly Bath- 
 callcd of late, houfe. \ Befidcs thefe (which were the moft re- 
 C. ’markable) there were between Temple-Bar and 
 
 JVefiminher many other Houfes, as w ell of the 
 Spiritual, as Temporal, Nobility. For the 
 Bifhops of ExeteTy Bath and WeUsy Salisbury, 
 Lichfield and Coventry, WoveeHer, Norwich, Lan- 
 dafiy and Carlifle, had all anciently houfes here : 
 and fo had the Dukes of Buckingham, and 
 Beauford j and the Earls of Exeter, WorcePier, 
 Bedfort, Salisbury, and Rive^s.~\ But why do I 
 -f- Eiffh give particular names to thefe, | which belong 
 dSiios etMft not to any one, but as Fortune difpofes of 
 them ? fefpccially, fince all of them, except 
 Somerfet, and Northumberland-hou(e, are now 
 pull’d down, and the Sites and Gardens con- 
 verted into Streets .1 
 
 Wcfiminller. WeUminBer, formerly above a mile diftant 
 from London, is now by thefe Suburbs joyn’d fo 
 clofe to it, that it feems to be part of it ; not- 
 withftanding it is a diftind City of it felf, and 
 enjoys its own Magiftrates and Privileges : fbe- 
 ing alfo crefted into an Honour by A£l: of Par- 
 liament inthe ^th ofHenry the eighth.l Once 
 it was call’d Thorney, from the Thorns now 
 WePlminHer, from its wePierly fituation and the 
 
 384 
 
 minfier. For it is particularly eminent for the 
 Abbey, and for its Had of Juflice, and for the The Abbey, 
 King’s Palace. The Church’s greateft honour Halh 
 is deriv’d from the Inauguration, and Burial 
 of our Kings, in it. Siilcardm affirms, that 
 there once ftood in that place a Temple of 
 Apollo, and that it was thrown down by an 
 Earth-quake in the rime of Antoninus Pius', 
 out of the ruins whereof, Sebert King of the 
 Eaft-Saxons built another to St. Peter j which 
 being deftroy’d by the D.anes, was re-edify’d 
 and granted to a. few Monks by Bifhop Dun- 
 flan. But afterwards. King Edward the Con- 
 fejfor, built it anew out of the tenth penny of ' • 
 
 all his revenues, for a burying-place to him- 
 felf, and a Monaftery to the Benediftine Monks j 
 endowing it with lands, difpers’d here and 
 there, throughout England. But hear a con- 
 temporary Hiftorian : "The devout and pious King 
 has dedicated that place to God, both for its neigh- 
 bourhood to the famom and wealthy City, and for its 
 pleafant fituation among fruitful grounds and green 
 fields, and for the nearnefs of the principal river of 
 England, which from all parts of the world con- 
 veys whatever is neieffary to the adjoyning City. But 
 above all, for the love he bore to the Prince of the 
 Apofiles whom he ahvays reverend d with a fingular 
 z.eal and veneration, did he make choice of that for 
 the place of bis Sepulchre. Then he order d a noble 
 Struliure to be begun and built out of the tenths of 
 his whole revenue, fuch a one as might become the 
 Prince of the Apuflles ; that, after the tranfitory 
 courfe of this life, he might find a propitiom God,Poth 
 upen account of his piety, and of bis free-offering of 
 thofe lands and ornaments with which he defigns to 
 endow it. Whereupon, the work thus nobly begun 
 at the Kings command, is fuccefsfully carry* d on, 
 j without fparing either prefent or future charges fo 
 it may be made worthy of and acceptable to God and 
 fhe Bleffed S. Peter. Be pleafed alfo to take the 
 ! Form and Figure of this ancient building out 
 of an old Manufeript : * T'he chief He of f/’f * Princ'pa-' 
 
 ' Church is roofd with lofty Arches of fiyuare work, l;s area. 
 
 ^ f the joints anfwering one another , but on both fiies 4 pa,-[ coin- 
 it is enclos’d with a double Arch of flones firmly a’- mifilira. 
 mented and knit together. Moreover, the Crofs of the 
 Church ( made to encompafs the middle Quire of 
 the II Singers, and by its double fupporter on each || Canentium 
 fide to bear up the lofty top of the yniddk tower) firfl Domino. 
 rifes fingly with a low and flrong Arch, then mounts 
 higher with ftveral windingflairs artificially contriv’d, 
 and lafl of ad with a fingU wall reaches to the wooden 
 roof, which is well cover’d with lead. But one hundred 
 and fixty years after, K. Henry the third pulled 
 dow’n this Fabrick of Edward’s, and erefted a 
 new one of curious workmanfhip, fupported by 
 feveral rows of marble Pillars, and leaded over; 
 which was fifty years in building. This, the 
 Abbots very much enlarg’d on the weft-fide ; 
 and Henry the feventh, for the burial of him- 
 felf and * his children, added to the eaft part*5u5run», 
 of it a Chapel of moft neat and admirable con- 
 trivance (call’d by Leland the Miracle of the 
 World -y for all the Arc in the w orld feems to 
 be crowded into this one Work.) fit is erefted 
 in the place of the Chapel of our Lady (built 
 before, wdth the Church, by King Henry the. 
 third,) and of a Tavern near adjoyning ; both 
 w’hich being pull’d down, he laid the founda- 
 tion of this, Jan. 24. 1502, fetching moft of 
 the ftone from Huddleflone quarrey in Yorkfhire. 
 
 The w'hole charge of it amounted to no lefs 
 than fourteen thoufand pounds Sterling. In 
 this is to be feen his own moft fplendid and 
 magnificent Monument, of folid Br.afs, richly 
 gilt ; made and finifh’d Anno 1519. by one 
 Peter a Painter of Florence, for which lie had 
 
 paid 
 

 M I D iTl E S E X. 
 
 paid him (for' materials and workmanfhip) a 
 thoufand pounds Sterling by the King’s Execu- 
 ijtow’s Sar-tors 
 
 VC)', p- 499 ’ From the expulfion of the Monks, it has 
 had feveral forts of Conftitutions : firft, it 
 had a Dean and Prebendaries ; next, one fingle 
 Biihop, T’hcmas T’hurlbeyy who, after he had 
 fquander’d away the revenues of the Ciiurch, 
 gave it up, and lett it to the Dean. Prefently 
 after, the Monks and their Abbot were reftor’d 
 by C^een Mary, but they being quickly ejefted 
 by .Authority of Parliament, Queen Eliz,abeth 
 converted it into a Collegiate Church, nay, I 
 may fay a Nurfery of the Church. For file 
 fettled twelve Prebendaries, and as many old 
 Soldiers pail fervice, and forty Scholars (called 
 Kings Scholars) who are fent fucceflively to the 
 Univerfities, and thence tranfplanted into 
 Church and State, tTc. Over all thefe, file 
 * So faid conftituted a Dean ; which dignity was * late- 
 ann. 1 607*1/ poifcfs’d and fupportcd with great honour 
 by Dr. Gabriel Goodman, a perfon of lingular 
 worth and integrity, and a particular Patron 
 The School, both to me and my Studies. TThe School, as 
 it is famous for the great fervice it has done 
 both to Church and State ; fo it is more par- 
 ticularly memorable in this work, for the re- 
 lation which Mr. Camden had once to it as Ma- 
 her ; and alfo for Dr. Busbey its late Mafter, 
 whofe worth and learning for many years did 
 greatly fupport its reputation. To the latter 
 of thefe it is beholden for its Mufeum, and for 
 feveral improvements both in beauty and con- 
 venience : as is the Maher’s Houfe ( wherein 
 he had all along liv’d) for its enlargement. The 
 fame Perfon built his Prebend’s houfe there a- 
 iiew, pav’d the Quire of Weftminher-Abbey 
 with white and black Marble-flone, and ad- 
 ded a building to the King’s Hofpital of 
 Green-coats in Turtil-fields. In Buckingham- 
 fhire, he rais’d from the ground the Church of 
 Willen, where his ehate lies j at WeUs he built a 
 Library j hegalfo repair’d the Church of Lutton j 
 and at his death, among other Benefachions, 
 he left a perpetual Fund, to be employed in the 
 annual Augmentation of the in-come of a cer- 
 tain number of poor Clergy ; who, in confide- 
 ration thereof, are oblig’d to read Catechetical 
 Leftures in their refpeftive Pariflies, according 
 to the direction given in the Will of this their 
 pious and charitable Benefaftor.l 
 Princes bu- There were bury’d in this Church (to run- 
 i/d in Weft- over thofe likewife in order, and according to 
 minfter-Ab- their Dignity, and the time when they dy’dj ) 
 
 385 
 
 Sebert, cfe firft King of the Eafl-Angles ; Ha- 
 rold (baftardf-fon of Canutus the Dane) King 
 of England j St. Edward King and Confeifor, 
 with his Queen Editha } Maud, wife to King 
 Henry the firft, and daughter to Malcolm King 
 of Scots s Henry the third j Edward the firft. 
 his fon, with Eleanor his wife, daughter to Fer- 
 dinand the third. King of Caftile and Leon. 
 King Edward the third, and Philippa of Ha- 
 ilault his wife j Richard the fecond, and Anne 
 his wife, lifter of the Eniperor lVenz,elaus; Hen- 
 ry the fifth, with his wife Catharine, daughter 
 of Charles the fixth. King of France j Anne, 
 wife of Richard the third, and daughter of 
 Richard Kevil, Earl of Warwick •, Hen-ry the 
 feventh, with his wife Elizabeth, and his mo- 
 ther Margaret Countefs of Richmond i King 
 Edward the fixth ; Anne of Cle-ve, fourth wife 
 to King Henry the eighth -, Queen Mary ; and 
 another, not to be mention’d without the high- 
 Pjf"' eft expreflions both of refped and forrow ; I 
 t'So faM t ferene Lady Queen Eli- 
 
 gland ; a Princefs endow’d with heroick Vcr- 
 tues, Wifdom, and a greatnefs of Soul, much 
 beyond her Sex, and incomparably skill’d both 
 in Aftairs of^ State, and in Languages. Here 
 fhe lies bury d in a ftately Monument, which 
 King James fthe iftl pioufty erected f.r her. But, 
 alas, how inconfidcrable is that Monument, in 
 comparifon of the noble qualities of fo heroi- 
 cal a Lady ! She her felf is her own Monu- 
 ment, and a more magnificent and fumptuous 
 one than any other. For let thofe noble Ani- 
 ons recommend her to the praife and admira- 
 tion of Pofterity j RELIGION REFORM’D, 
 
 PEACE ESTABLISH’D, MONEY R E- 
 DUC’D TO ITS TRUE VALUE, A 
 MOST COMPLEAT FLEET BUILT, 
 
 OUR NAVAL GLORY RESTOR’D, 
 REBELLION SUPPRESS’D, ENGLAND 
 FOR XLIII. YEARS TOGETHER MOST 
 PRUDENTLY GOVERN’D, ENRICH’D, 
 
 AND STRENGTHEN’D, SCOTLAND 
 RESCUEDFROM THE FRENCH, 
 
 FRANCE IT SELF RELIEV’D, THE 
 NETHERLANDS SUPPORTED, SPAIN 
 AW’D, IRELAND QUIETED, AND 
 THE WHOLE WORLD TWICE SAIL’D 
 ROUND. 
 
 n o whom add, King James the firft. Queen 
 Anne, Queen of Bohemia, and others of their 
 Children. The Princefs of Orange, Anne, her 
 Sifter, and Prince Rupert. King Charles II, and 
 feveral of the Children of him and of King 
 James II. King William and Queen Mary, the 
 glorious Reftorers and Prefervers of onr Religi- 
 on and Liberties ', Henry Duke of Gloce- 
 fter, William Duke of Glocefter, with 'many 
 other Children of Prince George of Denmark, 
 and of the Princefs (afterwards Queen) Anne ; 
 who alfo themfelves lie liere inter’d ; as doth 
 alfo George William, a young Child of the Prince 
 and Princefs of Wales. 
 
 To this Catalogue we muft now addKingEi- 
 ward the fifth, and his Brother Richard'DxxkQ of 
 Tork, who were moft barbaroufly fmother’d to 
 death with Pillows in the Tower of London 
 Anno 1483. by order of their unnatural Uncle 
 Richard Duke of Glocefter. Their bodies (tho’ 
 
 *’fome have written, that they were put into* Continuat. 
 a leaden CoiEn and caft into the black deeps * 
 
 near the "Thames mouth, by Sir Robert Brackenbu- 
 r/j Prieft) were found July 17. idyq. by feme 
 workmen who were employ’d to take up the 
 fteps leading into the Chapel of the white Tow- 
 er, which in all probability was the firft and 
 only place they were depofited in. Their bones 
 (except fome few of them fent to the Mufeum 
 at Oxford f) were commanded idyS. hy^pMuSt 
 King Charles the fecond, to be tranllated thence, AJhmoleanL 
 and decently inter’d here, under a curious Oxon. 
 
 Altar of black and white marble, with the 
 following Epitaph engraven on the Pedeftal. 
 
 an&. 
 
 ilo-y.^abeth of blefled memory, the darling of En- 
 
 H. S. S. 
 
 Reliquia Edwardi 5. Regis Anglia, & Richar- 
 di Duds Eboracenfis. Hos germanos fratres Tur- 
 ri Londinenfi conclufos, injeElifqne culcitris fijfo- 
 catos, abdite & inhonejie tumulari jujjit Patruus Ri- 
 chardus, perfidm Regni prado. Ojfa defide-rato- 
 rum, din & multum quajita, poft annos ipo, &c. 
 Scalarum in ruderibus (^fcala ijia adfacellum'Xxxx- 
 ris albje nuper ducebant) alte defcjfa, indkiis cer^ 
 tijftmis repertaiy diejulii, Anno Dorn. 
 
 Carolus fecundus Rex chmentiffimm acerbam 
 foYtern miferatm, inter avita monumenta, Principi- 
 C c c bus 
 
387 
 
 T RI NO B ANT ES. 
 
 388 
 
 bus int'oelicilTimiS jufld perfolvit Anno Divt. 16^78. 
 Annoque Regni jui 30. 
 
 That is ; 
 
 Here under lie inter'd the Remains of Ed- 
 u'ard$. King of England, and of RichnrdT)vk(^ 
 of Tork. Which two Brothers, their Uncle Ri- 
 chard, -who ufurp’d the Crown, ihut up in the 
 Totoerof London, and^moxhet’d them with Pillows, 
 and order’d them to be difhonourably and fe- 
 crctly buried. Whofe long-defired, and much 
 fought-for Bones, after above an hundred and 
 ninety years, were found by moil certain to- 
 kens, deep inter’d under the rubbilh of the 
 Stairs that led up into the Chapel of the White 
 Toiuer, on the 17'^ df July, in the year ot our 
 Lord i<?74‘ 
 
 * Prime ata- 
 tis diluculo. 
 
 Charles the fccond, a moft merciful Prince, 
 commiferating their hard fortune, performed 
 the funeral Obfequies of thefe unhappy Princes, 
 amongft the Tombs of their Anceftors, Anno Dorn. 
 157S. being the 30'’' of his reign.l 
 Other Per- The Dukes and Lords f that have been bury d 
 Tons bury’d here,l are Edmund Earl of Lancaffer, younger 
 fon to King Henry the third, Avelina de Forti- 
 hus, Countefs of Albemarle^ his wife j William 
 and Audoniar de Valentia, of the family ^f Lu~ 
 fignia, Earls of Pembroke ; Alphonfe, John, and 
 other Children of King Edward the firft ; John 
 de Eltbam Earl of Cornwall, Soh of King Ed- 
 W’ard the fecond ; T'bomw, de Wood/lock Duke 
 of Glocefter, youngeft Son of Edward the 
 third, with others of his children ; Eleanor 
 daughter and heir of Humfrey Bohun, Earl of 
 Hereford and Elfex, wife to Thortas de Wood- 
 ftock ; the young daughters of Edward the 
 fourth, and Henry the feventh ? Henry, young 
 Son of Henry the eighth, who dy’d at two 
 months old i Sophia, daughter of King James 
 fthe firft,l who dy’d* almoft as foon as born ; 
 Philippa, Dutchefs of York ; Leiuis, Vifeount 
 Rohfert of Hanault, in right of his wife j Lord 
 Bourchier', Anne, the young daughter and heir 
 of John Moubray Duke of Norfolk, betroth d 
 to Richard Duke of York, younger Son to King 
 Ed^^'ard the fourth ; Giles Daubeney, Lord Cham- 
 berlain to King Henry the feventh, and his 
 ’Wife of the family of the Amndels in Corn- 
 wal ; Vifeount Welles Frances Brandon Dutchefs 
 of Suffolk j Mary her daughter ; Margaret 
 Douglas Countefs of Lenox, grandmother to 
 James fthe iftl K. of Great Britain, with Charles 
 her Son; M-^inef rid Bruges Marchionefs ofWin- 
 chefter ; Anne Stanhop Dutchefs of Somerfet,^ 
 and Jane her daughter ; Anne Cecil Countefs of 
 Oxford, daughter of Baron Barghley Lord 
 Treafurer of England, with her mother Mil- 
 dred Biirghley ; Elizabeth Berkley Countefs of 
 Ormond ; Frances Sidney Countefs of Suflex ; 
 T’homas Butler Vifeount ‘thurles, fon and heir oi 
 the Earl of Ormond. 
 
 Befides, Humfrey Bourchier Lord Crom-well 
 another Himjrey Bourchier, fon and heir of the 
 Lord Berners ; "both flain in the Battle of Bar- 
 net. Nicholas Baron Carew ; tlie Baronefs of 
 Po-wis', Thomas Baron Wentxitorth ; Thomas Ba- 
 ron Wharton', John Lord Rujfel ; "Thomoi Bromley 
 Lord Chancellor of England, Douglafa Hovj- 
 ard daughter and heir of Vifeount Bindon, 
 wife of Arthur Gorge ; Elizabeth daughter 
 and heir of Edward Earl of Rutland, wile of 
 William Cecil ; John Puckering, Keeper of the 
 Great Seal of England; Frances Howard Coun- 
 tefs of Hertford j Henry and George Cary, fa- 
 ther and fon, Barons of Hunfdon, and Lord 
 Chamberlains to Qiieerj Elizabeth ; the Heart 
 
 of Anna Sophia (the young daughter of Chri- 
 ftopher Harley, Count de Beaumont, Embaffador 
 in England from the French King) put in a 
 golden little Urn upon a Pyramid ; Charles 
 Earl of Devonfhire, Lord Deputy of Ireland. 
 
 [During the lafl Century, much greater 
 numbers of the Nobility of all degrees^ have 
 been inter’d in this Church, than in tormer 
 days ; fome of whom are, T'homas the firft Lrrd 
 Burleigh, Earl of Exeter, Lodowick Duke of Rich- 
 mond and Lenox, George Duke of Buckingham, 
 
 Lionel, Earl of Middlefex, Robert Earl of EJfex, 
 feveral of the Veres Earls of Oxford, Lord Goring 
 Earl of Norwich, George Duke of Albemarle, 
 
 Edward Earl of Sandwich, Edxvard Earl of Cla- 
 rendon, William Duke of Neiocaflle, the Earl 
 of Rofeommon, James Duke of Ormond, Charles 
 Earl of Macclesfeld, the Marquifs of Halifax, 
 
 William Earl of Portland, Laurence Earl of Ro- 
 chefter, Sidney Earl of Godolphin, Charles Earl of 
 Halifax, Maynard Duke of Schbmberg. Beftdes 
 great numbers of the Nobility of the Female 
 Sex, and many of their Children. 
 
 Herel Geoffrey Chaucer, Prince of the Englifh 
 Poets, ought not to be pafs’d by ; as neither 
 Edmund Spencer, who of all the Englifh Poets 
 came neareft him in a happy genius, and a 
 noble vein of Poetry ; fnor the famous Ben. 
 
 Johnfon, and the ingenious Mr. Cowley (to 
 whom I wifhwe could have added Mr. Butler) 
 who equal, if not exceed the beft of their Prede- 
 •cefl’ors. To thefe wemuft add two other excellent 
 Poets, Sir John Denham, and Mr. Drjden j and 
 a third, viz. Mr. Addifon, not inferior to any 
 of the reft, in livelihefs of Fancy, and exaft- 
 nefs of Judgment ; befides his many excellent 
 Performances in Profe, which are compofed with 
 the greateft accuracy, and are full of beautiful 
 Thoughts, and (what is the h^heft Commen- 
 dation of all) are conftantly direded to the 
 great and noble Ends of Religion, Humanity, 
 and the Liberties of his Country.I 
 
 Befides thefe, there are alfo feveral others 
 buried here, fnot only of the Nobility of 
 both Sexes, but alfol of tlie Clergy, and Gen- 
 tlemen of quality. [And, on account of the Bu- 
 rials, and Monuments of our Princes, and No- 
 bles, and of other Perfons of Honour and E- 
 minonce, in this Place ; this ancient Church, 
 and the Care of it, is defervedly reckon’d a 
 National Concern ; and, accordingly, the Fabrick 
 having been much worn and decay’d with 
 Age, an ample Provifion was made by Parlia- 
 ment, to repair thofe Decays > whereby this 
 noble Fabrick, both within and without, is 
 render’d very firm and beautiful.l 
 
 Hard by, was another College of twelve Ca-St. Stephfins, 
 nons, dedicated to St. Stephen ; which King 
 Edward the third rais’d to fuch royal tnagni- 
 ficence, and endow’d wdeh fuch large pofleffi- 
 ons after he had carry’d his Vidories through 
 France ; that he feems rather to have been 
 Founder, than Repairer ; devoutly confidering (as 
 the Foundation-Charter has it ) the great bene- 
 fits of Chrifi, whereby, out of his rich mercy, w'e 
 have been prevented upon all occafions, and delivering 
 m, although ureworthy of it, from dives'S perils ; 
 and by the right hand of his power mightily de- 
 fending us, and giving us the viSlory m all affaults 
 of our enemies : as alfo, comforting us with.unex- 
 peBed relief in the other tribulations and di^culties 
 we have labour d under. Near this, was a 'Pa-E|^S* ^ 
 lace, the ancient habitation of the Kings of”^®* 
 England from the time of S. Edward the Gon- 
 fefl'or ; which in the reign of King Henry 
 eighth was burnt down by a cafual fire. This 
 Palace was very large and magnificent, a build- 
 ing not to bo equaled in that age ; having alfo a 
 * viiwmuYe, 
 
i 
 
 89 
 
 MIDDLESEX. 
 
 390 
 
 Fiu-Swp^* '^'vawmurey and buhvarks. 'For the remains of 
 *Anum«- this, are, the j Chamber wherein the King, 
 riU‘ the Nobility, and great Miniders of State, 
 
 \ Camera- Parliament ; and that next to it, where- 
 
 in our Anceftors us*d to open their Parliaments, 
 call’d the Painted Chamber of S. Edward. 
 
 How bloody, hainous, and horrible, how 
 odious to God and Man that Delign was, 
 whereby certain Brutes in the fhape of Men, 
 fr. Catesb/s under that Arch-traitor Francis Catesby, did (by 
 Ptiic. undermining, and placing a vaft quantity of 
 gun-powder in the Vaults of thofe buildings) 
 contrive the deflruftion of their Prince, Coun- 
 try, and the Eftates of the Realm, out of a 
 fpccious colour and pretence of Religion ; my 
 very heart quakes to confider : and I cannot 
 refleft, without the greateft horrour and afto- 
 nifhment, in what an irrecoverable darknefs, 
 and lamentable ruin, this moil fiourifliing King- 
 dom had been involv’d in a moment, if that 
 Delign had fucceeded. Bur what an ancient 
 Poet faid in a matter of lefs concern, w'e may, 
 mourniully, apply to our cafe : 
 
 Excidat ilia dies avoy ne pefiera credant 
 Secula, nos certe taceamus, ^ obruta multa 
 Noth tegi propria patiamur crimina gen- 
 tis. 
 
 May that black day ’fcape the record of 
 face, 
 
 And after-ages never know t has been. 
 
 Or us at leaft, let us the time forget. 
 
 And hide in endlefs night our guilty na- 
 tion’s fin. 
 
 too great, he anfvver’d, That it was nor big 
 enough by one half, and was but a Btxi-cham- 
 ber, in comparifon of wh.at he intended to 
 make. The foundations (as we are told) were 
 to be feen in the days of Maithew Parisy ftretch- 
 ing themfelves from the river to the common 
 high-way ; whence w'eniay gather, thatityv'aS 
 intended to have pointed in length Ea^t'and 
 Weft, and nor North and South, as it now 
 does.l The new Hall, Richard the fecond made 
 his own habitation. For then the Kings us’d to 
 hear Caufes themfelves, as being the Aixkotoaoi, 
 or Judges ; vshofe mouth (as the Royal Pen-man Prov, c, if. 
 Ipeaks) fyall not err in judgment. But this Pa- 
 lace, being burnt dow'ii in the year 1512, lay 
 defolate ; and a little after, King Henry the 
 eighth remov’d the Royal Seat to a neighbour- 
 ing houfe, which had been Cardinal Wolfey’s j 
 and which is now call’d IVbite-hall. This f was | Is, C. 
 a truly Royal Palace, enclos’d on one fide with 
 a Park, which reaches to another houfe of the 
 King’s, built by King Henry the eighth, and 
 call’d St. James’s ; and, on the other fide, with 
 the T’hames. A certain Poet, from it’s IVhite- 
 nefsy has term’d it Leucaum. 
 
 Regale fubintram 
 
 Leucaum Reges (dederant memorabile quon- 
 • dam 
 
 AtriUy qua niveo candebant marmore, nomen) 
 
 Quod Tamifis prima eji cui gloria pafeere 
 cy^os 
 
 Ledaosy rauco pronus fubterluit ajlu. 
 
 To the Leucaum now the Princes came, 
 
 Which to it’s own white marble owes it’s 
 
 Cotton’s Li. [Adjoining to thefe is the Cottonian Libraryy 
 brary, confifting of many hundred Volumes of curious t 
 Manuferipts, chiefly relating to the Hiftoryj 
 and Antiquities of this Nation ; which werej 
 colle<fted, at great charge, by Sir Robert Cott'on, j 
 and much increafed by his fon, and grandfon jjj 
 the laft of whom, viz,. Sir John Cottony efta- i 
 blifhed the faid moft valuable Library for ever, | 
 for the ufe of the Publick, according to an | 
 12, & A6b of Parliament fpecially made for that pur- 
 pofe.1 
 
 * Is, C. Near thefe is the White-hall, wherein* was 
 held the Court of Requefis : Below which, is a Hall 
 Wedminfter. larger than any of the reft, the Pratoriumy and 
 Hall of Juftice, for all England. In this the 
 Courts ot Juftice are held, namely, Kings-Benchy 
 Common-Pleasy and Chancery •, and in places round 
 it, "the Star-Chamber y and CounaflVardsy fwhile 
 ill being, 1 the Exchequer y the Court oj the 
 ■ Dutchy of Lancafier, &c. In thefe are heard 
 Caufes, at the fet feafons or terms of the year j 
 whereas before the reign of Henry the third. 
 Gull. Lam- the General Court of Juftice was unfix’d, and 
 follow’d the King’s Court. But he, in his 
 Magna Charm, made a law in thefe words i 
 the Common-Pleas jliaU not follow our Cowrf, but be 
 ■held in fome one certain place. Tho there are 
 fome who underftaiid by this, only that the 
 Common-Pleas fhould from that time forward 
 be held in a diftinft Court, and not in the 
 *^Txtoxhm,Kings-Bencby as formerly. The * Hall which 
 we now foe, was built by King Richard the 
 focond (as we may learn from his Arms in 
 J Lacunari- the ftone-work, and the f beams.j ) when he 
 pull’d down that more ancient Hall built in 
 the place by William Rufus, fabout the year of 
 *P- 44-Edit. Chtifl. 1097; wherein, as* Matthew Paris teVts 
 us, upon his return out of Normandy, Anno 
 1099. he moft royally kept the Feaft of Whit- 
 funtide. The length of it was two hundred 
 and feventy foot, and the breadth fevenryfourj 
 of \s Inch when he heard fome fayj that it was 
 
 name. 
 
 Here thames, whofe fllver fwans are all his 
 pride. 
 
 Runs roaring by with an irtipetuous tide. 
 
 TBut this Palace (all, except the Banqueting- 
 mfe, a moft ftately and elegant Fabrick) ha- 
 •ing been burnt down, and ftill remaining in 
 fhesj the Royal Refidence is now at St. Jameses, 
 he neighbouring Palace aforefaid, which is 
 ender’d exceeding pleafant by the Park, com- 
 monly call’d, from it, St. James s Park } and 
 ound which, are large and lludy Walks, with 
 nany fair and beautiful Buildings.! ^ 
 
 Hard by near the Mues (fo calld The Mues. 
 
 >ecaufe it W'as formerly a place for keeping of 
 Lawks, but is now a f beautiful ftable for the+ Ann. 1607. 
 king’s horfes j ) there H flood a monument tl 
 vhich King Edward the firft ereefted in 
 nory of Queen Eleanor, the deareft husband 
 
 0 the moft loving wife, whofe tender Sf ^ 
 
 vill ftand upon record, and be an example, to 
 
 .11 pofterity. She was daughter of Ferdinand 
 he third, King of Caftile j and marry d to Ed- 
 the firft, King of England, with whom 
 he went into the Holy Land When her 
 ,and was tteachetoufly wounded h ‘‘ Mmr 
 
 1 poyfmdfmrd, and rather grew u-orje than reteiv 
 iny eafe !>y what the Phyfieians apply d, fie jouni out 
 t remedy, as new and unheard of, an full of loose and 
 ■ndearmmt. For Isy reajon of the malignity J the 
 JoyfoB, her Itusband's wounds could not pofiUy be 
 ■Jos’d; but fie lick’d them daily with her own tongue, 
 tnd fuck’d out the osenomous humour i to her a mtf l 
 delicious liquor. By the power whereof, or rather by 
 •.he -virtue of the tendernefs of a wife, fie fo drew 
 ,ut the poyfonous matter, that he was entirely eur i 
 ,f bis wound, and fie efrnp’d without catching any 
 barm. IVhat then can be more rare than this Lady s 
 exprefions <f loose ? ot what can be more admirable 
 the tongue of a wife, anointed (if I may fo fap 
 with duty and love to her husband, .draws from her 
 
 t 
 
391 
 
 TRINOB ANTES. 
 
 392 
 
 St. Martin’s 
 School and 
 Library, 
 
 Belmed thofe foyfins which could not he drawn out by 
 tlx mop aff rav’d Phyfician ; and what many and mop 
 example medicines could not do, is effeBed purely by 
 tHe love of a wife. [At prefent, Charing-crols 
 is adorn’d with an elegant Statue of King 
 Charles the firft, on horfeback. 
 
 Kear the Mews aforefaid, is a publick Sclml, 
 well endowed; and, over it, a publick 
 which is furnifhcd with a great variety of ex- 
 cellent Bocks. Both thefe were ereiSed, in the 
 reign of King James the fecond, by the Reve- 
 rend Dr. T'hotnas tcnifon j at that time, and for 
 fome years before, the pious and indefatigable 
 Pallor of this Parifh of St. Martins in the Fields. 
 And it dtferves to be particularly noted in this 
 place, that the faid School was erected by him a- 
 bout the fame time, that a Popifh School was 
 open’d in the Savoy for the promoting of Po$eryy 
 of w hich he had ever been, and continued to his 
 dying day, a ftrenuous Oppoler, and a zealous 
 Afl'erter of the Proteflant Caufe ; and, rnore 
 efpecially, in that critical and dangerous jun- 
 (Sure. C 5 n account of which merit, together 
 with great Learning and exemplary Piety ; 
 alToon as that Storm was blown over by our 
 happy Revolution, he was moft defervedly ad- 
 vanced to the Bifhoprick of Lincoln^ and, with- 
 in a few years, to the Metropolitan See of 
 Canterbury', which he adminifler’d, for twen-' 
 ty years and upwards, with the greateft Wif- 
 dom. Temper, and Stability. During his life. 
 btTides thefe and other remarkable Charities, 
 he erected and endowed tw^o Charity-i’c/;oo/j 
 at his two Archiepifcopal Seats, viz., one at 
 Lambeth, and the other at Croydon j and at his 
 death, among a variety of other Bequefts and 
 Benefactions, he left one thoufand Pounds, to- 
 wards the erecting of Sees for two Proteflant 
 Bijhops in the Wefl-Lidies .1 
 
 And thus much of Weflminfler which (tho , 
 as I obferv’d, a City of it felf, and of diftind 
 Jurifdiftion) I have deferib'd along with Lon- 
 don ; becaufe it is fo }oyn’d to it by conti- 
 nu’d buildings, that it feems to be but one 
 and the fame City. 
 
 Holburn. On the w^’ft-fide of the City, the Suburbs 
 f Ann. 1607. runs out ill another row of | beautiful build- 
 ings, namely Holborn, or rather Oldburn ; where- 
 in are fome Inns for the fludy of the Common 
 
 * Anno 1607. Law, and ahoufe of the Bifhops of Ely, * be- 
 
 coming the State of a Bifhop ; which they 
 owe to John Hotbam Bilhop of that See under 
 Edward the third. The Suburbs has grown 
 likewife on the north-fide ; where Jordan Bri- 
 fet, a pious and wealthy man, built a Houfe for 
 Wolyitiitnoithe Knights Hofpitalers (f St.yjohn of Jerufalem, 
 
 St. John. 
 
 which wasafterwards improv’d into the flatelinefs 
 of a Palace, and had a very beautiful Church 
 with a high tower fo elegantly rais’d, that. 
 
 liv’d in great ftate and plenty, till King Henry 
 the eighth, by the inftigation of evil Counfel- 
 lors, feis’d their lands ; as he did alfo thofe 
 belonging to the Monafteries : which were pi- 
 oully dedicated to the glory of God, and, by 
 the Canons of the Church, were to be expend- 
 ed in the maintenance of Priefls, relief of the 
 poor, redemption of Captives, and the repair 
 of Churches. Near this place, where is now a 
 {lately circuit of houfes, was formerly a rich 
 Houfe of the Carthuflam, built by hValter Many charter, 
 of Hanault, who got himfelf great honour, by houfe. 
 his fervice in the French War under Edward 
 the third. And before that time, there was a 
 very famous Church-yard, which in the plague 
 of London in the year 1349. had above hfty 
 thoufand perfons bury’d in it ; as appear’d by 
 an infeription in brafs, for the information of 
 pofterity. FThis Houfe of Carthufian Monks 
 (founded about 1370. 45 of Edward the third) 
 was, after the dillblution, bellow’d upon Sir 
 'Thomas Audley, Speaker of the Houfe of Com- 
 mons, andpafs’d from him with his foie daugh- 
 ter Margaret by marriage to Thomas Ilo-^ard 
 Duke of Norfolk, and fo by defeent to Thomas 
 Earl of Suffolk. Of him it was purchafed (un- 
 der the name of Howard-houfe, otherwife call’d 
 the late diilolv’d Charter-houfe near Smitlfleld in 
 Middlefex) by Thomas Sutton of Camps-caflle in 
 the County of Cambridge^ for the lum of thir- 
 teen thoufand pounds. He erebled it into 
 Hofpital, by tlie name of the Hofpital of King 7 Jac. i. 
 James, founded in Charter-houfe in the County 3 Car. r. 
 of Middlefex, at the humble petition and only 
 coll and charges of Thojnas Sutton E'fq;. Endow- 
 ing it with divers || Manoursand other Lands, || 4493 
 of conliderable value ; for the maintenance of a i?f. 
 Mufler or Governour, a Preacher, Phyfician, R.egi- 
 fter. Receiver, &c. and 80 poor Brothers otPenflo- 
 which are to be either Gentlemen by defeent, 
 and in poverty ; or Merchants decay’d by piracy 
 or fhipwreck ; or fuperannuated Soldiers, by 
 Tea or land : and none of thefe are to be under 
 the age of fifty years at the time of their Ad- 
 miflion : Except only Soldiers maim’d in the 
 wars (and not in private quarrels,) which, in 
 regard of their misfortune, are capable ten years 
 fooner. Befides 6 1 . 6 s. %d. wages, they are 
 allow’d meat, drink, lodging, gowns, and other 
 cloaths. 
 
 And fo are forty poor Scholars, who are only 
 capable of admiflion between the years of ten 
 and fifteen, and not to continue in the School 
 above eight years at moll. Before the expira- 
 tion whereof, they are either tranfplanted to 
 one of the Univerfities (where, lince the in- 
 creafe of the Revenue, there are no lefs than 
 twenty-nine always maintain’d with the allow- 
 ance of zol. per Annum each, to be paid quar- 
 
 while it Hood, it was a fingular Ornament to terly for eight years time : ) or they are put 
 
 the City. At their firft Inllitution, they were 
 II prsfeaus. fo humble, while poor ; that their |1 Governour 
 was call’d Servant to the poor Servants of the Ho~ 
 Templars, fpital at Jerufalem ; as was that of the Templars, 
 who arofe a little after. The bumble Minifler of 
 the poor Knights of the Temple. But vhat by 
 their piety, and their bravery in War, their 
 condition came to be fo much alter’d from this 
 mean and humble Hate, by the bounty of good 
 Princes and private perfons, that they even 
 abounded in wealth. For about the year 1240. 
 they had nineteen thoufand Lordfhips or Ma- 
 nours, in Chriftendom ; a.s the Templars had 
 Matth. Par, nine thoufand (whofe revenues here in Eng- 
 land came alfo afterwards to the Hofpitalers.) 
 And this vaft increafe of revenues was fuch 
 an effefhaal palTage to Honours, that their fVlor 
 was reckon a the firft Baron of England, and 
 
 forth to be Apprentices ; the Houfe now gi- 
 ving no lefs than 40 1 . with them. The go- 
 vernment is in the hands of the moft honour.a- 
 ble Grandees of the State, and moft reverend 
 Prelates of the Church, befides the Royal Fa- 
 mily; who put in both Peiifioners and Chil- 
 dren, in their courfes ; only, the King firft puts 
 in two *1 * Merits 
 
 The Suburbs alfo, which runs out on 
 north-W’eft fide of London, is large, and was ^ 
 formerly a watch-tower or military |1 fence, UPrstentura, 
 from whence it was call’d, by an Arabick name, 
 
 Barbacan. By the gift of Edward the third itBarbac*n. 
 became a feat of the Uffords •, from whom byGaleottus 
 the H^lloughbies it defeended to Peregrine Bertie Mirtius. 
 Lord H^Uougbby of Eresby, a perfon of a moft 
 generous temper, and truly martial Courage. 
 
 Nor is the Suburbs that fhoots forth towards 
 
 the 
 
MIDDLESEX. 
 
 394 - 
 
 393 
 
 the north-eaft, and eaftj le(s con£derable j in 
 S ittle-fields. the fields whereof f (call’d Spittle-fieldsy and 
 dug for making of Bricks , ) 1 were found in 
 ^ So faid, the t many fepulchral Velfols, Seals, 
 
 2MO i 6 o 7 - and Urns, with Coins in them of Claudius, 
 Llero, Vejpafian., &c. glafs Vials alfo, and fmall 
 earthen vefl'els, wherein w'as a fort of liquid 
 Subftance ; w’hich I Ihould imagin to be either 
 an oblation of wine and milk (us’d by the Ro- 
 tuans at the burning of their dead,) or of thofe 
 odoriferous Liquors mention’d by Statius, 
 
 Phariique liquores 
 
 Arfuram lavere comam. 
 
 And precious odours fprinkled on his hair. 
 Prepar’d it for the flames. 
 
 This was a place fet apart by the Romans 
 tor burning and burying their dead j they being 
 oblig’d by the Tviehe T'ables to carry them 
 without the Cities, and to bury them by the 
 military high-ways. TDivers other Roman coins 
 and vefl'els were found (as Mr. Stm tells us) 
 belonging to their Sacrifices and Burials, be- 
 fides thofe above-mention’d. Such as the Coins 
 of Trajan and Antoninus Pius, Lamps, Lachryma- 
 tories, Patina, and vefl'els of white earth with 
 long necks and handies, which, we may fuppofe, 
 t Survey, were the Gutti, ufed in their Sacrifices ]. 
 p- » 77 * There were many Roman Coins alfo difcover’d 
 in the foundations of Aldgate, when it was re- 
 built in the year idoy, which were formerly 
 j|Ibitl.p.i2J.kept in the Guild-hall \\'. But many more of 
 all kinds fince the late fire, have been found 
 in the foundations of St. Paulas Church, and 
 in the making of Fleet-ditch ; which were care- 
 fully collected by Mr. John Coniers Citizen and 
 Apothecary of London, and are now, many 
 of theiu» in the pofl'eflion of the ingenious Dr. 
 Wood-ward, the prefent Profefl'or of Phyfick in 
 Grejham-College, in London. Many Urns and Coins 
 have been alfo met with in digging the foun- 
 dations of the new buildings in Goodmansr-fields ', 
 as there ftill are, in many other places, upon 
 the like occafions j efpecially in the Suburbs of 
 the City .1 And thus much of the land-fide of 
 the City. 
 
 Borougb of But to the river, that large Borough of South- 
 Southwark. ijiark before-mention’d, on the South-fide of 
 See Surrey, Thames, is joyn’d to the City by a bridge -, 
 
 P - 193 built on wooden piles, where formerly, 
 
 The Bridge, inftead of a bridge, they pafs’d the river in a 
 ferry. Afterwards, in the reign of King John, 
 they built a new one, of free-ftone and admi- 
 rable workmanfhip, with nineteen Arches, be- 
 
 * Verfatilisi fldes that which makes the * Draw-bridge •, 
 
 and did fo continue it all along with lines of 
 handfome buildings like a ftreet, that it may 
 claim prehemineiice over all the bridges in Eu- 
 rope, whether in largenefs, or beauty. 
 
 fThis Borough (Apr. 23. 154P. 4**‘ofEd- 
 
 * Hi Lis, ward the fixth) * was purchafed of the King 
 
 * by the Lord Mayor, Commonalty, and Citi- 
 zens of London, and annex’d to their City, 
 and erected immediately into a new Ward, 
 call’d the Bridg--ward without, and w'as thence- 
 forth efteemed within the government and 
 corre6Uon of the Lord Mayor, and other Of- 
 ficers of London, and their Deputies. The 
 inhabitants were licenfed to enjoy and ufe all 
 fuch Laws and Privileges whatfoever, within 
 their Borough and Precinds, as the Citizens 
 
 Stow’s Sur* of London did within their City. But it was 
 vey, p. 44.2, not thereby remov’d out of Surrey ', as appears 
 by the provifions of the King’s Grant, where- 
 by care is taken that the Lord Mayor fliould 
 do and execute all fuch things within the Bo- 
 
 t 
 
 rough, as other Juftices might w'ithin the 
 County of Surrey i and that he, as Efc.heator 
 within the Borough and Precincts, fhould have 
 power to dired Precepts to the Sheriff of Sur- ± /.r 
 
 for the time being f.l S 's 
 
 In this Burrough oj Soutlswark, the things that 
 have been remarkable, are, a noble Abbey for 
 Monks of the Benedidine Order, Cvill’d Ber- 
 mondfey, dedicated to our Saviour by AldwinSt.Snyioarl 
 Child, Citizen of London ; and a ftately houfe 
 built by Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk, Suffolk -houfe, 
 which was pull’d down again, after it had been 
 for a very little time the delight of it’s Mailer. 
 
 There ftill remains the Hofpital of St. T'homas, St. Thomas’i 
 repair’d or rather founded by the City of Lon- Hofpital. 
 don, for the lame and infirm ; and the Church 
 of the Priory of St. Mary (which, becaufe it 
 is feated over or beyond the Thames, with re- 
 fped to the City of London, is call’d St. Mary 
 Over-rhe', for is rather derived * from oppe, a * Hickes’j 
 bank, on which it ftands :)1 founded for Ca- ^3^ 
 nons by William Ponte del Arclx a Norman : As 
 alfo the houfe of the Bifhops of Winchefter, 
 built by William Gifford Bifhop, about the year 
 1 107. for the ufe of his fucceffors ; fand now 
 turn’d into private Houfes.l From this, along 
 the Thames-fide, there runs weftward a conti- 
 nued line of houfes, in which compafs, within 
 the memory t of our fathers, there were 5^ 
 
 Stews, call’d by the Latins Lupanaria ( wherein ann. 1607. 
 
 Women proftituted and fet to fale their mo- 
 
 defty,) becaufe they, like rapacious She-wolves, 
 
 hale miferable filly people into their dens. But 
 
 thefe were fupprefs’d by King Henry the eighth, 
 
 at a time when England was at the height of t 
 
 Luft and Luxury ; though in foreign nations 
 
 they are ftill continu’d for gain, under the fpe- 
 
 cious pretence of making provifion for human 
 
 frailty. But I do not believe that they call’d 
 
 this place The Stews, from thefe Bawdy-houfes, Stews. 
 
 but from the fifli-ponds here, for the fatting 
 
 of * Pikes and Tench, and taking oft their * Lucios. 
 
 muddy fennifh tafte. Here I have feen the 
 
 bellies of Pikes open’d with a knife to Jfhew 
 
 their fatnefs, and the gaping wounds prefently 
 
 clos’d by the touch of T enches, and, by their 
 
 glutinous flirae, perfectly heal’d up. Among 
 
 thefe buildings, | was a place for Bull-baiting 4 Is, C. 
 
 and Bear-baiting, with certain feveral Kennels of 
 
 Band-dogs,vAiic\i \ \ were fo ftrong, and f bit fo clofe. Canes cathe- 
 
 chat three of them * were able to manage a Bear, 
 
 and four a Lion. So that, what the Poet faid g”’ ^ 
 
 formerly of our Dogs, Tlmt they could break the * c. 
 
 necks of Bulls, is very true j as is alfo, what 
 
 another obferv’d, Th.it they are more fierce 
 
 and eager than thofe Arcadian ones, fuppos’d 
 
 to be engender’d of Lions. 
 
 At what time this Borough was joyn’d to 
 London by a bridge, the City w'as not only 
 enlarg’d, but alfo modell’d into an excellent 
 form of Government ; the Citizens being di- 
 ftributed into * Bodies or Colleges. The City* CcrpOTapve 
 it felf was divided into twenty-fix Wards, andCo^/a. 
 the management of all publick concerns put 
 into the hands of as many ancient Men (call d 
 in our language, from their age. Aldermen 
 in Latin, Senatores, ) each of whom had the 
 eovernment of one Ward. And whereas for- 
 merly they had for their chief Magiftrate a 
 Port-reve, i. e. a i- Governour of the City, 4 prsfeaus., 
 Richard the firft inftituted two Bailiffs ; inftead Mayor, 
 of which king John granted them the privilege 
 of choofing a Mayor yearly out of their twelve 
 principal Companies, and of nominating two 
 %ieriffs, the one call’d the King’s, and the other 
 the City-Sheriff. ^ ^ . 
 
 After this new form of Government was eita- 
 blifti’d, it is incredible how it grew in publick 
 D d d s«tl 
 
395 
 
 T RINO B ANT ES. 
 
 396 
 
 and private Buildings, and is ftill growing 
 (while the reft of the Cities m England are 
 rather decaying.) For, to pafs by the Smate- 
 toufe, csil'd Guild-hall, fthe great Court of Ju- 
 dicature for the City,1 built with exqulhte 
 i-i4b» beauty by T'homas Knov:les, Mayor j and Lea- 
 den-haU, a large and curious piece of work, 
 built by Simon Eire, for a common Garner 
 againfl; times of dearth: That circuit of Pillars 
 alio (or the miidk Janus,) which the common 
 
 + Anr.,eo7. people trail the JSar/e, but C^ueen Eli^.bcth 
 
 hurfa. nam’d the Royal Exchange, built by Sir ll.omas 
 'i'7- Gnlbam Knight, for the ufe of Merchants, and 
 Royd Ea- the'' ornament of the City ; (A magnihcent 
 Clunge. gojitijog it is, whether you coniider the Eru- 
 dture it felf, or the refort of Merchants^ from 
 all Nations, or the variety of Commodities ; ) 
 and the fame perlbn, being a great admirer ol 
 Learning, confecrated a fpacious houie that 
 Ce-ikge. he had in the City, to the improvement there- 
 of; and fettled plentiful Salaries upon fi-v Pro- 
 feffors, of Qmmity, Law, Phyftck, Aflronomy, 
 Geometry and Muftek ; that London might not 
 only be, as it W'ere, a Mart of all kinds oi 
 Wares, but a Treafury alfo of Arts and Sci- 
 ences. IFrom whence great Advantage hath 
 liltewife accrued to Natural Knowledge, Anti- 
 quities, ijc. fince the ere-aion of the Roya{ 
 Society ; together with a publick Refo/mry at 
 .all the Rarities of Art and Nature : To pafs 
 by the three other publick Colleges ; namely, 
 S!on-Coyiege. Sicn-Codege, for the ufe of the Corporation ot 
 Colleges of Lcnilon-Minillers ; and the Colleges ol P/17/1- 
 Phyl,d,rs for the ufe and improvem.ent 
 
 and Heralds. refpeftive Sciences, and the Profeflbrs of 
 
 them ; all furnifll’d with their fevcral Libraries 
 for the feveral ends. The Halls alfo of the 
 feveral Comipanies or Fraternities ; which are 
 like the Heufes of Noblemen ; having ftately 
 Courts, and fpacious Rooms.) To pafs by 
 alfo the houfe of the Hanfe-Company, the con- 
 vey.ance of water into all parts of the City by 
 pipes under-ground, and the neat little Cabbies 
 for the reception of it; together with the new 
 * Lately, C. AwduB, contriv’d in the laft age by Peter 
 Miurice, a German of great Ingenuity and 
 Indullry, which, by the help of a wheel with 
 little pipes plac’d at a certain depth, brings 
 water out of the Thames to a great part ot 
 the City : Befides thefe, I fay, it is in allp.arK 
 fo beautified with Churche.s, and other Religi- 
 ous places, that one would think Religion and 
 Piel/had made choice of it for their reli- 
 + Now, in- dence. For it has in it J one hundred twen- 
 CityandSu-j Churches (a greater number than 
 
 boCte IL’fe Rome fc'f ftiow,) befides |j Hofpitals 
 in Wellmin- fof feveral kinds ; that of St. Bartholomew, and 
 Her ; and the St. Tbhomas in Southwark, for the Cure ot the 
 additional Lame, and Infirm ; and Bethlem, for the 
 
 hnut’and injure of Perfoiis who are Lunatick and Diftra- 
 build’ing. tied : all which are accommodated wuth able 
 WNofocomia & Phyficians, Surgeons, Nurfes, and with ample 
 Xenoiochia. Conveniences of every kind, for the eftefting 
 So Bartholo-^J. feveral Cures.! Particularly, in that 
 Su Thomas. Nurfery of young Boys, call’d Chriil-Church, 
 Bethlem. this City maintains about * one thouland (Jr- 
 Chrill.Hof- pPans, and twelve hundred and forty poor 
 E*’]) r People that live upon Alm.s, CTc. [This 
 ’ Holpital of Chrili-Churct: Was founded Anno 
 1552. by King Edward the fixth ; and, in 
 this laft age (the Fund being uncertain, and 
 depending as well upon the cafual Charity both 
 of living and dying perfons, as upon its 
 real Eftate) the number has been augmented 
 and diminifh’d in proportion to the increafe 
 and decreafe of that fort of Charity. How- 
 ever, it feldora now maintains lefs th.an one 
 thoufand annually, nor is there reafon to fear 
 
 they will ever have fewer. Here,_ having run 
 through the feveral Schools, at fifteen years 
 they are put forth to a feven-ycar s Appren- 
 ticefhip ; except fome Boys of the bell parts, 
 who are fent to the Univerfities, and there .alfo 
 are maintain’d for feven years : which is the 
 prefent ftate of King Edwara’s foundation. 
 
 To this there h.as been added another of Matliemail- 
 late years, ftiled the New Royal Foundation of cabSchaol. 
 King Charles the fccond, conlifting of forty 
 Boys, all wearing Badges appropriate to their 
 Inllitution ; to be fill’d nj fucctffively out of 
 fuch of the .above-mentien’d Children, as h.ive 
 attain’d to a competency, in fair writing and 
 Latin-Iearning. Thence-forward they are in- 
 ftruifted in the Matliem.aticks and Arc of N.a- 
 vigation, till they are iixtetn years of age; at 
 which time they are difpofed of^ in a feveii- 
 year’s Apprenticefhip to the praflice of Navi- 
 gation. Which Inft'itution meft highly chari- 
 table in it felf, and tending to the honour and 
 fafety of the Kingdom, ' as well as the fecurity 
 and advancement of our Trade, was founded 
 the ij‘''of Auguft, Armo 25 Car. 2.I 
 
 It would be too tedious to enlarge particu- 
 larly upon the excellency of the Laws and Con- 
 ftittitions of this City ; the dignity of its Go- 
 vernours the Aldermen, it’s loyalty and obe- 
 dience to Princes, the humanity of the Citi- 
 zens, the fplendcur of its buiiding.s, the ma- 
 ny choice and excellent Wits it produces ; the 
 pleafure of it’s * Gardens in the Suburbs, ad- * Ks, ana. 
 mir.ably flock’d with foreign Plants ; its nu- 'hoy. 
 merous and well-appointed Fleet ; th.it incre- 
 dible treafure of all forts of Commodities (par- 
 ticularly it’s * furninilng Antwerp yearly with* This fail, 
 two hundred thouland | woollen Cloaths, be- Anno 1607. 
 Tides what it fends to other places ; ) and the+R"™™'" 
 great Abundance of the neccffitics and conve- 
 iiiencies of human life. So that what H. Junius 
 fays in his PJ.ulippeis, is very true: 
 
 1 opibufque rejertum 
 
 Londinum, O' fi fas, nutnerofo cive fu- 
 perbuni, 
 
 Larga uhi fxcundo rerum Uiidat copia corrm. 
 
 London, where ciicling richts flill return, 
 
 Where numerous tribes the lately piles / 
 adorn, ^ 
 
 And willing Plenty fliakes her fruitful ^ 
 horn. 
 
 And J. Scaliger in his Book of Cities : 
 
 Vrbs animis numeroque potens, & robore 
 gentis. 
 
 For number, llrength and courage of Her 
 Men 
 
 Great London*s fam*d. 
 
 Another alfo has tlitTe Verfes concerning Lon- Marriage of 
 don, if you pleafe to read them : Tam^n jJ/- 
 
 Londinum gemino procurrh littore lor^ 
 
 JEmula materna todens fua lumina froja, 
 
 Clementer furgente jugo dum tendit in ortum. 
 
 Vrbs peramwna Jitu, cosloque foloque beata. 
 
 Urbs pietate potens, numerofo cive fuperha, 
 
 Urbjque Britannorurn qua di^a Britannia 
 did. 
 
 Hac nova doElrir.is Lutetiat merdhus Ormus, 
 
 'Altera Roma viris, Cryfaa fecv.nda metalHs. 
 
 Stretch’d on a riling hill betwixt the 
 flrands, 
 
 Londonj her mother great rival (lands. 
 
 Where 
 
MIDDLESEX, 
 
 398 
 
 Where heaven and earth their choiceft gifts 
 bellow. 
 
 And tides of Men the fpatious Streets o’re- 
 flow. 
 
 London ! the mighty Image of our Ifle, 
 
 That we Great Britain ot it felf may flile. 
 Where Ch-yfey Parist Rotne^ and Ormus 
 yield, 
 
 In Metals, Learning, People, Wealth ex- 
 cell’d. 
 
 Henry of Huntingdon alfo in the time of King 
 Stephen, >vrites thus in eoramendation of 
 London : 
 
 Ibis & in nojiros dives Londonia verfust 
 Qua nos immemores non finis ejfe tui. 
 
 Quando tuns arces^ tua mcenla mente retraBo, 
 Qua vidiy videor cunlia videre mihi. 
 
 Fima loquax d?" nata loquiy moritura fi~ 
 lendoy 
 
 Laudibus- eruhuit fingere jalfa tuis. 
 
 And thou, rich Londony fhalt my Verfe 
 adorn. 
 
 Thou in my joyful mind art ever born. 
 
 When e’re thy lofty lowers, thy {lately 
 Wall, 
 
 And all thy glories my glad thoughts re- 
 call. 
 
 My ravilh’d foul flill fwells with full de- 
 light, 
 
 And hill my abfent eyes admire the grateful 
 
 Fame, that’s all tongue, and would, if hlent, 
 die. 
 
 Of thee her greatefl Theme nor dares nor 
 needs to lie. 
 
 And another in a Poetical vein, penn’d this i 
 
 Hxc Urbs ilia potensy cui tres tria dona mini- 
 flrant 
 
 Bacchusy ApoSoy Ceres, pocula, carmen, 
 ador. 
 
 Hxc Urbs iUa potens, quam yum, Minerva, 
 Diana 
 
 Mercibm, arce, feris, ditat, adornat', alit. 
 
 A place where Ceres, Phoebus, Bacchus joyn 
 Their three great gifts. Corn, Poetry, and 
 Wine. 
 
 Which Pallas, yum, and chall hunting Maid, 
 With buildings, goods, and beafls, adorn, 
 enrich, and feed. 
 
 But my friend the famous yohn yonfion of 
 Aberdeen, Profeflbr of Divinity in the Royal 
 Univerfity of Sr. Andrew’s, has manag’d the 
 fubjed more foberly : 
 
 Vrbs Augufla, cui ccelumque, folumque, falum- 
 que, 
 
 Cuique favent cunPlts cuncia elementa bonis. 
 Mitius baud, ufquam ccelum e(l, uberrima 
 T'eUus 
 
 Fundit inexhaufii germina lata foli. 
 
 Et pater Oceanus F’amfim gurgite mijius, 
 Convehit bnmenfas totius orbis opes. 
 
 Regali cultu fedes clarijjima Regum, 
 
 Gentis prafidium, cor, anima, atque oculus. 
 Gens antiqua, potens virtute & robore beUi, 
 Artium ^ omnigen^m nobilitata opibus. 
 Singula contemplare animo, attentufque tuere, 
 Aut Orbem aut Orbis dixeris ejje caput. 
 
 Reiiown’d AuguHa, that fea, earth, and 
 sky. 
 
 And all the various elements fupply : 
 
 No peaceful climate breaths a foftcr air. 
 
 No fertile grounds with happier plenty 
 bear. 
 
 Old Ocean, with great Thames his eldeft 
 foil. 
 
 Makes all the riches of the World her own. 
 
 The ever famous feat of Britain s Prince, 
 
 The Nation's Eye, Heart, Spirit and De- 
 fence. 
 
 The Men for ancient Valour ever known. 
 
 No Arts and Riches gain them lefs renown. 
 
 In fhort, when all her Glories are fur- 1 * 
 
 vey’d, I 
 
 It mull with Wonder ftill at laft be ( 
 
 faid, > 
 
 She makes a World her felf, or is the 1 
 World’s great head. J 
 
 But thefe matters, with others of the fame 
 kind, are handled more at large, and with greater 
 accuracy, by yohn Stow, a Citizen of London 
 and a famous Chorographer, in his Swvey of 
 London f lately publilh’d : fa new Edition off So faid, 
 which Work being fpeedily expeded, it is need- 
 lefs to enlarge further upon the vail Improve- 
 ments in Buildings, Onuaments, e^c. all which 
 will be very particularly fee forth and enume- 
 rated in that Work.l And fo I will take leave 
 of my dear native place, after I have obferv’d, 
 that the Latitude of it is 51 Degrees, * 34*32, as the 
 Minutes j and the Longitude 23 Degrees, and moderns fay. 
 25 Minutes ; I 1 Fidkula, of the nature of Ve-W Orpheui’s 
 nm and Mercury, is the Topkk Star, which 
 glances upon the Horizon, but never fets j and 
 the Dragon s-head is look’d upon by Ailrologers 
 as the Vertical. _ .. 
 
 The Thames leaving London, waters Red- Redcliff* 
 cliff, a neat little Town, inhabited by Sea-men, 
 and fo call’d from the red cliff, fin the Fields See spittJe- 
 adjoyning to this Place, were found two Cot-J**^'^^* 
 fins, one of Stone, another of Lead, in w'hich 
 was the body of a Woman, with a Cupid of 
 white ilone {landing at her breaft ; at the 
 right and left hand, two ivory Scepters, and 
 at head and feet two large Urns, with others 
 of lefs fize. 'I’here were alfo many large Vef- 
 fels of Glafs, all full of white Liquor .1 Next, 
 after a great winding, it receives the river Lea, 
 the Eailern bound of this County, w'hich yet 
 has nothing upon it belonging to this Shire, 
 that is worth the notice ; [(fave that the Hun- 
 dred of Ojfulfion, of which it is alfo the bound 
 to the Eail, gives the title of Baron to the 
 Right Honourable Charles Earl of Tankcrville 
 in Normandy.)! For JEdelmton, has nothing Edmonton, 
 remarkable but the name, being deriv’d from 
 Nobility : nor Waltham, but a Crofs built by Walcham- 
 King Edward the firlT; for the funeral pomp Crois. 
 of his wife Queen Eleanor, from which it has 
 the additional name. Only, there is Enfield, a Enfield, 
 Royal Seat, built by Thomas Lovel (Knight of 
 the Garter, and Privy-Councellor to King Hen- 
 ry the fevenrli) as one may gather from the 
 Arms. Near w'hich, is a place, cloath’d w'ith 
 green trees, and famous for Deer-liunting, En- Enfield- 
 field-chace formerly the .pofl'efiion of the Mag- Chace. 
 navils Earls of Eflex, then of the Bchuns their 
 Succefldrs but now it belongs to_ the Dutchy 
 of Lancafler, ever fince Henry the fourth, King 
 of England, marry ’d a Daughter and Co-heir 
 of the laft Humjrey Bohun. And, almoil: in 
 the middle of this Chace, t^ire flill the ruins 4 Ann. 1607. 
 of an ancieat houfe, which the common People 
 from tradition affirm to ha^■e belong’ei to the 
 Pdamavils Karls of Eflex. 
 
 Towards 
 
399 
 
 T RI NO B ANT E S. 
 
 400 
 
 WatUffg- 
 
 ftreet. 
 
 Towards the north-bounds of Middkfm, ^ 
 Military way of the Romans, commonly called 
 fVat!ingBreet, entrts this County : coming 
 ftraight along from the old Verulam to Loadm, 
 over Hamfied-heath (from which one has. a cu- 
 rious prolpcfi, of a moft beautiful Ciiy, and a 
 moll pleafant Country •• ) Not the Road wh^ich 
 lies now through Highgate, for that (as is be- 
 + Three, C. fore obferv’d ) was open’d only about f raur 
 hundred years ago by pcrmiffion of the Bilnop 
 of London ; but that more ancient way ( as 
 appears by the old Charters of Edward the 
 EJeeworth. Confeflbr) which run along near Edgmoyth, a 
 Hendon. Place of no great Antiquity ; fo on to Hendon, 
 which Archbifhop Dunftan (a Man bom tor 
 promoting the Intereft of Monkery) purchas d 
 tor a few Biz-antine pieces of Goldy and gave w 
 the Monks of St. Peter in Weftminfler. Thefe 
 Biznarami aurei were Imperial Money coynd 
 at Biz,antium or Conftantinople by the Grecian 
 Emperors ; but what the value of them was, 
 
 I know not. There is alfo a fort of Silver- 
 money, caird {imply BizMntii and Biz^amint, 
 which (as I have obfervkl here and there in 
 ancient Records) were valu’d at two Shillings. 
 But leaving thofe matters to tlie fearch of others, 
 
 I will go forward on the Journey I have begun. 
 rSir Lionel Cranfield Kt. Merchant of Londonj 
 Earls of Mid. forhisgreat Abilities been firft made Af<a- 
 
 fle-r ot i\\tRequefls,xhn\oi the great and 
 
 after of the Wards, andatlaft Privy Counfellor 
 upon the 19^^^ of July 19 Jac. i. was advan- 
 ced to the degree of a Baron of this Realm, 
 by the title of Lord Cranfield of Cranfield in 
 Bedfordfhire, and to the Office and Dignity 
 of Lord High Treafurer of England : and by 
 Letters Patents bearing date Sept. 2. 1622. 
 20 JaC. I. to the Earldom of Middlefex. Who 
 by his fecond wife Anne, daughter to James 
 Bret of Henubey in the County of Leicefier Efq; 
 had ifl'ue four Sons j James, Edward, Lionel, and 
 William ; of whom James and Lionel fucceeded 
 him in the Honour j but both dying without 
 iflue, this Title defeended to his eldeft daugh- 
 ter Frances, married to Richard Earl of Dorjet, 
 and her iflue ; and was accordingly enjoyed by 
 the Right Honourable Charles Earl of Dorfet and 
 Middlefex, Lord Chamberlain of the Houfhold 
 toK. Charles the 2d, and Knight of the Garter j 
 as it is at prefent, by the Right Honourable 
 Lionel Cranfield SackviUe, Iris fon and heir.l 
 
 In this County, without the City, there * are 
 about 73 Purifies within the City, Liberties 
 and Suburbs, | 221. 
 
 Bizantine 
 
 Coins. 
 
 dlefcx. 
 
 * Ann, 1607. 
 
 4 -Now, 113, 
 befides Weft- 
 minfter ; and 
 in the whole 
 County and 
 City, 186 ; 
 befides thofe 
 newly built. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Middlefex, 
 communicated by Mr. James Petiver. 
 
 Filicula faxatilis raraofa maritima noftras 
 aS in toild- R<iii finopf. ^ Hifl. Plant. Small brands d Sme-fern- 
 
 tius Rati fyn. Bitter Crejfes. On the Thames-bank 
 between Peterborough-houfe and Chelfey. 
 
 Conferva reticulata. Raii Hift’ Plant, append. 
 1852. & fy^topf i 5 - Mr. Doody’s netted Crow- 
 flk. In fome ditches about WePiminBer and Hfiun- 
 fiow-heath. 
 
 Bardana major Rofea P<2r^. 122^. lappa Ro- 
 fea C. B. prodr. 102, Rofe-Burdock. T'his variety 
 (which Cafpar Bauhine avers to be found frequent- 
 ly about Leipfick) I have obferved near the ifiamei, 
 between Wejlminfler and Chelfey. 
 
 Juncus caule triangular! Merr. Pin. 6~j. TPh 
 three-corner d Bulrufi. In the iPhames, between Pe- 
 terborough-houfe and the Horfe-ferry, Wefimin- 
 (ier. 
 
 Cyperus rotundus litoreus inodorus J. B. 
 rotundus inodorus Anglicus C. B. rotundus li- 
 toreus Ger. rotundus litoreus inodorus Anglicus 
 Park. Round-rooted Bafiard Cyperus. 
 
 Sagitta aquatica omnium minima Raii fy- 
 nopf. append. 242. T’he leafl Arrow-head. Obfer- 
 ved by that mofi curious Botanijl Dr. Plukenet to 
 ^ow with the two lajl. 
 
 Salix minima fragilis foliis longiflimis utrin- 
 que viridibus non ferratis Raii fynopf. append. 
 238. Dr. Sherardfs Green Ofier. Amongji the 
 Willows on the T'hames-fide, between Wefiminfier 
 and Chelfey. 
 
 Salix folio Amygdalino utrinque aurito cor- 
 ticem abjiciens Raii fynopf. 216. Almond-leavd 
 WiUcrw that caBs its bark. Found with the 
 laps. 
 
 Perficaria pufxlla repens Ger. Park. Small creep- 
 ing Arfmart. 
 
 Trifolium pumilum fupinum fiofculis lon- 
 gis albis Phyt. Brit. Raii fynopf. 133. Dwarf- 
 Trefoil, with long white flowers hiding its feed under- 
 ground. See EJfex. 
 
 Trifolium filiquis Ornithopodii nofliras Raii 
 fynopf 13 d. Birds-foot Trefoil. 
 
 CharaJe^elum mobile feu odoratius C B. 
 Sweet-feented creeping Camomile. T’hefe four lafi 
 Planis I have often found in "tunle-fields, Wefi- 
 minfler. 
 
 Cham^melum nxidio R^ii fynopf 57. Na- 
 ked flower d Camomile. T'his alfo is.faid to be found 
 with the other. 
 
 Graraen Daftylon latiore folio C. B. Ifchs- 
 mon fylv. latiore folio Park. Cocks-fiot grafs. 
 
 Gramen Paniceum fpica afpera C. B. Rough- 
 eard Panick-grafs. Both thefe have been found 
 upon the T'hames-bank about the Neat-boufes j m 
 alfo the 
 
 Bardana feu Lappa major capitulis minus to- 
 mentofis Raii fynopf. 245. which Mr. Doody has 
 ■ very well obferved to be far different from that in 
 Gardens, for which it has been taken. 
 
 Conyza annua, acris, alba, Linaria? foliis. 
 Boccon. rarior. plant, defi. Boccones white fiower d 
 biting Fleabane. In many barren plates about Low- 
 
 ing. On many old walls in and about London, as the Sa- 
 
 voy, WeflminBer, Royal Garden, &C. 
 
 Fungus fpongiofus niger reticulatus, dolio- 
 lis vinofis adnafeens Raii fynopj. Mr. Doody^s 
 fpunge-like Mufirome. In mofi vaults flicking to the 
 wine-casks. 
 
 Eruca fylveftris Ger. fylv. vulgatior Park, ma- 
 jor lutea caule afpero C. B. tenuifolia peren- 
 nis fl. luteo J. B. Wild Rocket. On old walls a- 
 bout this City frequently, as on London-wall between 
 Cripplegate and Bifiopfgate, the Charter-houfe, &c. 
 plentifully. 
 
 Vifeum^zer. vulgare Park, baccis albis C. B. 
 <^ercus & ajiarum arborum J. B. Mijfeltoe. On 
 fome trees at Clarendon-houfe, St. James's. 
 
 Nafturtium aquaticum amarum Park, majus 
 & amarum C. B. Nafturcium aq. fl. majore ela- 
 
 Argemone laciniato folio capitulo hifpido 
 longiore. Raii fyn. 122. Long rough-headed bafiard 
 Poppey. ^ 
 
 Argemone laciniato folio capitulo hifpido 
 rotundiore Raii fyn. 122. Round rougl^headed ba- 
 fiard Poppey. 
 
 Argemone capitulo longiore glabra Morifon. 
 Smooth- headed bafiard Poppey. All thefe Arge- 
 mones, are found about Chelfey in Corn-fields and 
 elfewhere. 
 
 Eryfimum latifolium Ne^politanum Park. 
 Stnooth or broad-leaved hedge-muftard. After the 
 great fire in Loudon, in the years i66~j, and 166%. 
 it came up abundantly among the rubbifi in the 
 ruins, and grows now plentifully on the Lord Cheney s 
 wall at Chelfey, and in feveral other places near 
 London. 
 
 Hieracium 
 
MIDDLESEX. 
 
 4-02 
 
 Hieracium Cafton.'i odorc Moi-ifpcUenlium 
 Rail fyn. 43. Rough havok-Tveed fyhclimg like Ca- 
 /?or. "fins Mr. Doociy {AlaFier of the Company 
 of Apothecaries Phyjtck-Garden) informs me he hath 
 fund about Chelfey. 
 
 Gramen Arundiiiaceum aquaticum panicula 
 AvcnaCL'd Raii jyn. ISR. Doody’s Wuter-reed-grafs 
 with an oat-like pamkle. Firft obferved by him on 
 the banks of the ri'cer 'Thames benoeen London and 
 Chelfey. 
 
 Mufcus trichoidcs minus, foliis ad caulem 
 convolutis capitulis I’ubrotundis reflexis Raii 
 jyn. append. 244- R^r. Doody’s Goldilocks^ with 
 leaves growing like a bulbom roots. On feme wads 
 about Chelfey^ and in feveral Gardens about Lon- 
 iloH, 
 
 Dipfacus minor feu virga paftoris Ger. fyl- 
 veftris capitulo minore, vel virga paftoris mi- 
 nor C. B. virga paftoris Park, paftori s vulg. 
 y. B. Small wild Teafel or Shepherd's Rod. 
 
 Gramen paniceum fpica divifa C. B. panicum 
 vulgare Ger. fylveftre herbariorum Park. Panick- 
 grafs with a divided fptke. 
 
 Gramen avenaceum glabrum panicula e fpi- 
 cls raris ftrigofis compolita, ariftis tenuiffimis 
 Raii fyn. Mr. Doody's Oat-grafs with hairy awns. 
 
 I have obfes-ved thefe three laft about the Moat which 
 encompajfes the feat oj the Right Reverend the Bifbop 
 <f London at Fulham, 
 
 Nymphea lutea Ger. J. B. major lutea C. B. 
 Park. The greater IVater-lily with a yellow-flower, 
 la the aforefaid moat near the garden-gate. 
 
 Cardamine impatiens, vulgo Sium minus im- 
 patiens Ger. minimum Noli me tangere didum, 
 live impatiens Nafturtii fylveftris folio Park. 
 Impatient Ladies-flnock, On the moat-fldes near the 
 laft. 
 
 Acorus verus five Calamus officinarum Park. 
 The fweet-fmeding Flag or Calamus. This Mr. 
 Doody hath obferved about the faid moat. 
 
 Ranunculus hirfutus annuus flore minirao 
 Raii fyn', 85 , Field-Crowfoot with a very fmall 
 flower. 
 
 Turritis Ger, vulgatior J. B. Park. Braftica 
 fylveftris foliis integris & hifpidis C. B. Tower- 
 Muflard. ThiSi with the foregoim Plants Mr. 
 Doody hath obferved in a lane near Tbilileworth. 
 
 Gramen Avenaceum glabrum paiinicula pur- 
 puro-argentca Rail Hift. Plant. s 9 '^ 9 . 
 
 fynopf. 192. Mr. Doody's Oat-grafs with purplifh 
 fining pannicles. In the pallures about the Earl of 
 Cardigans at Twittenham. 
 
 Armerix fpecies fiore fiimmo caule fingulari 
 Raii fyn. 242. The Jingle fiow'ring Pink. In the Park 
 at Hampton-Court. 
 
 Millefolium aquaticum pennatum fpicatum 
 C. B. Park, pennat. aq. f. B. Feathered water 
 Milfoil. This I have found in the Canal at Hamp- 
 ton-Court, 06 alfo in a flow running rivulet near 
 Poplar. 
 
 Millegrana minima Ger. fig. 557. minima feu 
 Herniaria minor Park. Polygonum minimum 
 feu millegrana minima C. B. Tlte leaft Rupture- 
 wort or Ad-feed. On Hounftozv-heath. 
 
 Mufcus paluftris gracilis fummo ramofus. 
 parvus ftellaris C. B. & Phytographia L. Plu- 
 kenetii Tab. 47. Fig. 6. Small upright Bog-mofs, 
 with ftarry tops. In the Bogs on Hounflow-heatb. 
 
 Sium alterum Olufatri facie Ger. Fig. 2^6. 
 majus alterum anguftifolium Park. Fig. 1241. 
 Erucx folio C. B. Cicuta aquatica Gefneri J-^B. 
 Long-leavd water-Hemlock. In a fallow pool of 
 water on Hounflow-heath by the road-ftde, near 
 the T )wn, and in fome pools of water at Thiftle- 
 worth. 
 
 Sium minimum Raii bifl. Plant. 444. fyn. 6y. 
 
 \ 
 
 The leaft water-Parfnep, In feveral ponds on Houn~ 
 flow-heath. 
 
 Potamogiton aquis immerfum, folio pellu- 
 cido lato, oblongo acuto Raii fyn. an Pot. fo- 
 liis anguftis fplendentibus C. B I longis acutis 
 foliis Ger. ? fontalis lucens major J. B ? Long- 
 leav d great Pondweed with pellucid leaves. In ma- 
 ny places in the Thames between Fulham and Hamp- 
 ton-Court, 
 
 Carduus Marix hirfutus non maculatus Phyt. 
 Brit. Leucographus hirfutus capitulo minore Mo- 
 rifon. Ladies-ThiRle without fpots. On the bank of 
 the New-River between the two roads from London 
 to IJlington. ■ 
 
 Potamogiton perfoliatum Raii fyn. 34. foliis 
 latis fplendentibus C. B. Pot. 3. Dodonei Ger. 
 Perfoliate Pondweed. 
 
 Potamogiton pufillum, gramineo folio, caule 
 tereti Raii hift. Plant. 190. fyn. 3 5. Small grafs- 
 leav’d Pondweed. This, with the laft, grows plenti- 
 fully in the New-river-bead. 
 
 Potamogiton affinis graminifolia aquatica 
 Raii hifl. Plant. 190. & fyn. IVater-grafs with 
 fmall crooked cods. I foundthis plentifully in a fmall 
 pond on the eaft fide of Iflington. 
 
 Gramen panniculatum aquaticum minus Raii 
 fynopf. 1 8 5 . Miliaceum fluitans fuavis faporis 
 D. Merret Pin. caninum fupinum pannicula- 
 tum dulce C.B. J. B. The kferwater-grafs with 
 fine pannicles. Or rather (o6 Air. Doody ftiles it) Li- 
 qmrice-grafs, which toft it exallly refembles. On 
 the New-river bank behind Iflington, and in many 
 muddy ponds about London plentifully. 
 
 Adiantum album Tab. Ruta muraria C. B. 
 y. B. Ger. Muraria, feu falvia Vitx Park. Fig. 
 1050. IVhite AIaiden-hair» IVall-Rue, or Tent- 
 wort. On an old flone Conduit between Iflington and 
 yack-Straw s Caftle. 
 
 Radix cava minima viridi flore Ger. Ranun- 
 culus nemorofus Mofchatella diftus Park. 'Tube- 
 rous Alofcatell. 
 
 Vinca pervinca Ofticinarum minor Ger. vulga- 
 ris Park, clematis Dapnoides minor y. B. C. B. 
 Small Periwincle. This, and the laft, ^grow on the 
 Mote-fide 06 you enter into yack-Straw s Caftle. 
 
 Xyris Ger. feu fpatula fxtida Park. Xyris i 
 feu Gladiolus fxtidus C. B. Stinking Gladdon or 
 Gladwyn. On yack-Straw' s Caftle, and in a hedge 
 near it. , . r • « ■ • 
 
 Cardamine impatiens altera hirfutior Rati 
 fyn 1 14. Syfymbrium Cardamine hirfutum. 
 minus fl. albo y. B. The leffer hairy impatient 
 Cuckenu-flower or Ladies-fmock. On the New-rtver 
 banks between Canberry-houfe and Newington, tn 
 many places. , , . . ^ . 
 
 Tormentilla reptans alata foliis promndius 
 ferratis D. Plot. Hift. nat. Oxon. Creeping Tormen- 
 til with deeply indented leaves. In a ditch between 
 the Boarded-river and Iflington road. 
 
 Gramen Cyperoides fpica pendula brenore 
 C. B. Cyperus feu Pfeudo-Cyperiis fpica brevi 
 pendula Park. Pfeudo-Cyperus Ger. SaHard Cj- 
 ferui with jhort feadulms /pikes. In the Janie place 
 with the laft. ^ 
 
 Stelkria pufiUa paluftris repens tetrafpermos. 
 Lenticula aq. bifolia Neapolitana Park. Fjg. 
 1203. Raii hill. Plant, 2. Small creeping Marjh- 
 
 Star-wm. This Ifiund in feme imifimtts m a 
 
 wood near the Boarded-river. But the firft 
 of it to be a native of England, M 'L 
 
 ingenious Phypeian and expert Botamft nai» 
 
 Sloan, whofoundit in a five 
 
 Alnus nigra bacciiera y. A. C. B. ni„ra 
 Fraiigula Ger. Frangula leu Alnus nigra bMl- 
 fera. Park. T’he black-berry bearing Alder. I his, 
 with the following, grows plentifully in a woo again] 
 the Boarded-river. 
 
 £ e e Graraen 
 
TRINOB JNTES. 
 
 403 
 
 Gramen arundinaceum panicula fpadicea raol- 
 li raajus C. B. Gramen tomentofum arundina- 
 ceum Ger. Reed-grafs with a fappofe pannick, 
 
 Gramen Cyperoides polyftachion flavicans, 
 fpicis brevibus, propc furamitatem caulis Raii 
 fyu. Ip 5. Mr. Ray’s yellowijb Cypems-grafs with 
 jhort jpikes. . . 
 
 Gramen Cyperoides fylvarum tenuius Ipica- 
 tum Park. Slender-ear d wood Cyperus-grafs^ 
 
 Gramen Cyperoides fpica ^ pluribus fpicis 
 brevibiis mollibus compolita Raii fyn. Mr. Ray s 
 nmd clujler-headed Cyperus-grafs. 
 
 Sambucus aquatilis feu paluflris Ger. aq. fl. 
 fimplicis C. E. Water-Rider, In the fame wood, 
 but fparingly. 
 
 Myofurus J. B, cauda muris Ger, Holofteo 
 affinis cauda muris C. B. Moufe-tail. I'his (with 
 the next) I found in a floughy lane near the Devil i- 
 houfe going to Hornfey. 
 
 Plantaginella paluftris C. B. Plantago aqua- 
 tica minima Park. Chickweed with Water-plantain 
 leaves. 
 
 Mufeus muralis platyphyllos Raii fyn. 237. 
 Broad-leavd mofs. This Mr. Bobart, the Botanick 
 Profejfor of Oxford, Jhewed me on many walls a- 
 bout that City, the which I have this year found on 
 a brick-wall on tlie right hand ajfoon as you enter 
 into Hortifey town from London. 
 
 Bardana minor Ger. lappa minor, Xanthium 
 Diofeoridis C. B. T’he lejfer Burdock. 'This / ob- 
 ferved in the road-Jide near the Bridge at New- 
 ington. 
 
 Cynogloflum minus folio virenti Ger. fem- 
 per virens C. B. Park. The lejfer green-leavd 
 Hound’s tongue. In a hedge facing the road on Stum- 
 ford-hill between Newington and Tottenham. 
 
 Cruciata Ger. vulgaris Park, hirfuta C.B. 
 Gallium latifolium Cruciata quibufdam fl. lu- 
 teo f. B. Crojfwort or Mugweed. In Hampjied 
 Churcli-yard. 
 
 Alline tetrapetalos Caryophylloides, quibuf- 
 dam Holofteum minimum Raii fyn. 145. The 
 leajl Stich-wort. On Hampjied-heath plentifully. 
 
 Fiiix florida feu Ofmunda Regalis Ger. Of- 
 mund Royal or flowering Fern. Towards the north 
 fide of the heath, and in a ditch near it ^ the 
 
 Lichen petreus cauliculo calceato C. B. Small 
 Liverwort with crumpled leaves. With the 
 
 Gramen Cyperoides fpicis brevibus congeflis 
 folio molli Raii Hifi. 1910. Mr. Doody’s Jloort- 
 headed Cypems-grafs. And 
 
 Ros folis folio rotundo j?. B. C. B. Ger. 
 Park. Round-leav d Ros-folis or Sun-dew. la the 
 Bogs. 
 
 Mufeus trichoides medius capitulis fphsericis 
 Rail in append, fyn. 243. Mr. Doody’s Goldilocks 
 with round heads. 
 
 Mufeus trichoides foliis capillaceis capitulis 
 minoribus Raii fyn. 243. Mr. Doody’s fine-leav'd 
 Goldilocks with fmall heads. 
 
 Mufeus trichoides minor capitulis longifli- 
 mis Raii fyn. 243. Mr. Doody’s fmall Goldilocks 
 with very long and flender heads. Thefe three lafi, 
 that moji indefatigable Botanijl firji difeovered on 
 a ditcis-bank leading from Mother Huffs towards 
 Hampjied. 
 
 Mufeus trichoides minor capitulis perexi- 
 guis per Microfeopium Botro referens. Mr. 
 Dare’s clujler-headed Goldilocks. This is a fingular 
 Mofs, its rough heads dijiinguijhing it from any yet 
 difeovef d. I found it in the lane going from Mother 
 Huffs to Highgate, but it was firf difeover’d by Mr. 
 Dare in a lane beyond Putney-heath. I have alfo 
 lately receiv d it Jrofn my ingenious f riend Mr. T. Pool 
 a Mercer at Nottingham, who gather’d it near that 
 town. 
 
 40f 
 
 Fiiix mas non ramofa pinnulis latis auricu- 
 latis fpinofis Ger. 1130. Prickly auriculate male 
 Fern. This, "pcith the following, is found in 
 the woods about Highgate and Hampjied. 
 
 Fiiix mas non ramofa pinnulis anguftis raris 
 profunde dentatis Ger. 1130. Male Fern with 
 thin-fet deeply indented leaves. 
 
 Fiiix mas ramofa pinnulis dentatis Ger. ii2p. 
 Great-branch’ d Fern with indented leaves. 
 
 Alfine longifolia uliginolis proveiiieiis locis 
 f. B. Long-leav d water Chickweed. 
 
 Alfine Plantaginis folio ff. B. Plantain-kav’d 
 Chickweed. 
 
 Bifolium fylveflre vulgare Park. Common Tway- 
 blade. 
 
 Cyperus gramineus B. gramineus Milia- 
 ceus Ger. Fig. 30, Millet Cyperus-grafs, 
 
 Equifetum omnium minimum tenuifolium 
 Park. Fig. 1201. fylvaticum Ger. 1114. Wood 
 Horf-taii. Thefe five laji are found in the moijieji 
 places in the abovefaid woods j the following in the 
 dryer parts. 
 
 Aftragalus fylvaticus Ger. Wood-peafe. 
 
 Androfemum vulgare Park. Tutfan or park- 
 leaves. 
 
 Anagallis lutea Ger. Tellow Pimpernel. 
 
 Gramen Avenaccum rariore gluma fpicatum 
 Park. Fig. 11’) I . Wood Oat-grajs. 
 
 Gramen Cyperoides fpica pendula longiorc 
 Park. Cyperm-grafs with long pendulous heads. 
 
 Gramen Cyperoides fpicatum minimum fpica 
 divulfa aculeata Raii fyn. Till prickly-headed 
 fpiked Cyperus-grafs. 
 
 Gramen nemorofum hirfutum latifolium ma- 
 ximum Raii fyn. Great broad-kav’d hairy Wood- 
 grafs. 
 
 Hicracium fruticofum latifolium hirfutum 
 C. B. Park. Bufisy Hawkweed with broad rough 
 leaves. 
 
 Hieracium fruticofum anguftifolium majus 
 C. B. Park. Nanow-leav’d huffy Hawkweed. 
 
 Juncellus omnium minimus, Chamsefehosnus 
 Ad. Lob. The leaji Rufj). 
 
 Lilium convallium Ger. fl. albo Park. Lily of 
 the Valley, or May-lily. 
 
 Sorbus fylveflris leu Fraxinus bubula Ger. 
 
 The Quicken-tree. 
 
 Sorbus torminalis Ger. The common wild Ser- 
 vice or Sorb. 
 
 Vaccinia nigra Ger. Black Whorts, Whortle- 
 berries, or Bilberries. 
 
 Aparine minima Raii fyn. Mr. Sherard’s leaji 
 Clivers. Firji difeoverd by that compleat Botaniji 
 on a wall at Hackney. 
 
 Carduus ilellatus Ger. Star-Thijile. In fome 
 barren fields near White-chapel. 
 
 Carum feu Careum Ger, Caraways. This I 
 have more than once found about London. 
 
 Chondrilla vifeofa humilis C. B. Ger. Park. 
 
 The leaft wild Lettke. In a lane againji Pancras- 
 Church near London. 
 
 Eruca aquatica Ger. Park. Water-Rocket. In 
 a ditch in the road between White-chapel and Mile- 
 end. 
 
 Lapathum pulchrum Bononienfe finuatum 
 J. B. Fiddle Dock. In Bunhill and Morejields plen- 
 tifully. 
 
 Mercurialis mas & feemina Ger. French Mer- 
 cury. This, though a Jcarce Plant wild in England, 
 yet grows fpontaneoufiy in moJi Gardens in and about 
 London. 
 
 Ulmus folio latifilmo fcabro Ger. latiore folio 
 Park. The Wych-hafel or broad-leav’d Elm. I 
 have feen large trees of this at Hoxton near London. 
 
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 Wo .Mimeitj <v i Z>. 
 
ESSEX. 
 
 405 
 
 /^o 6 
 
 ESSEX. 
 
 H E other part of the Trino- 
 bantes, call’d from it’s Eaftern 
 lituation and the Saxons who 
 poffefs’d it, eapc-6eaxa, and 
 eap--6ex-pCipe ; Fand (toge- 
 ther with Middlefex and part 
 of Hartfordfhire,) 6apr-6eax- 
 na-pic by the Isormans, Exjfefa ; and com- 
 monly, EJjex ; is a Country of great breadth, 
 very fruitful, and abounding in Saffron ^ well 
 flor’d with wood, and exceeding rich. On 
 one fide, the Sea, on the other the Rivers 
 well flock’d with Fifh, do, as it were, encom- 
 pafs the County, Fand make it a kind of Peii- 
 infula,1 and plentifully ferve it with their 
 feveral accommodations. To the North, the 
 river Stour divides it from Suffolk ; on the 
 Eaft the Sea comes up to k ; on the South the 
 river Thames (now eiicreas’d to a vafl bignefs) 
 
 being built upon a rifing hill, is fecn at a 
 great difiance ; formerly the feat of the Fitz- 
 Auchers, and f afterwards of Sir Thomas He-+ Latel)’, C.' 
 neage Kt, who brought it to great perfetaion. 
 
 On this river, without doubt, was feated the 
 old Durolitum of Antoninus ; but it is beyond 
 my skill to determine the exaft place : for (to 
 fpeak once for all) the ancient Places of this 
 County are fo flraiigely obfeure and puzliug, 
 that I, who in other parts may pretend to 
 have made forae difeoveries, mufl here freely 
 own my felf in the dark (a). But were I 
 to guefs ill this matter, the place I fhould pitch 
 upon, is LeitOK, which flill retains the ancient Leiton. 
 appellation, fignifying a Town upon the Ley, as 
 Durolitum is in the voater of Ley. It iSDuroUcum. 
 
 at prefent a little fcattering Village fome v. 
 miles from London j for which number, thro’ 
 the negligence of tranferibers, xv. hath crept 
 into the Ityierary. [One Ward in Le^-ww-pa- 
 
 Waltham- 
 
 Abbey. 
 
 feparates it from Kent', as on the Weft, tiie lit- into the Ityierary. lune ward ni Ae;»row-pa- 
 tle river Zey ^vom MiSdlefex i aiid|rifh is ftill call’d Leyton-fione, which anfwersLeyton-fione. 
 
 . - ■'t n-.... fn,-.c infr, thp old Romaii way of expreffing miles by 
 
 Stones, and may be fome confirn^ation of the 
 foregoing conjedure, that for v. lapidem, is fallly 
 read in' the Itinerary xv. lapidem. And the 
 Roman Antiquities found her-e, argue it to 
 have been a Roman flation. For of late years 
 there hath been a large Urn refembiing a great 
 cream-pot, taken up in the Church-yard here, 
 with fome afhes and coals flicking. to the Tides 
 of it. And between this Tow'ii and Stratford- 
 Langton^ near Ruckols or Ruck]:<olt-hall, the feat R^uckholt- 
 of Sir William Hicks Knight and Baronet, on hall, 
 the fouth-fide of a lane call’d Blind-lane (which BUnd-lane. 
 w’as the aiicient High-way that led out of Effex_ 
 through Old-ford to London, ) abundance of 
 thefe Urns of feveral fizes, figures, and moulds, 
 have been taken up by the Gravel-diggers there, 
 within two or three foot of the furfacc of 
 the Earth. In fome of thefe pots, are aflies ; 
 and in fome, divers fmail pieces and flivep of 
 bones, which have not been quite confum’d in 
 the Funeral fires. And within this piece of land, 
 arc not only found the remains of burnt bodies; 
 but cofEns and bones have been met with, as 
 well as pots ; and among the reft, a chin-bone 
 of a very great bignefs, much exceeding that 
 of an ordinary man. In the fame place was 
 ftug-up a fmail brazen figure, refembiing a 
 man.’] That here was formerly a pafl'age over 
 the river, the forementioned place in the neigh- 
 bourhood, call’d Ouldford, the plain- OaUforL 
 
 ly evinces ; and when Maud wife to Henry the 
 firft had very narrowly efcaped drowning, flu 
 rook care to have a bridge built fomewhat 
 lower on the river at Stratford. Where, being ^ 
 divided into three flreams, it waflies the green 
 meadow^s, and makes them look very charm- 
 ing. In thefe, we meet with the ruins of a 
 little Monaftery, built by William Montfichec 
 Norman Lord, in the year 1140. 
 
 Stort riv. the Stort or lefler Stour (w'hich runs into the. 
 
 Ley,) from Hartfordjhire. FAs to Vifccuii- 
 tile Jurifdiaion, it feems formerly to have 
 been annex’d to Hertfordfhire ; for in the 8^^ 
 of Edward the third, John dc Cogfmll was She- 
 riff of both : about which time alfo, one Eff 
 cheater difeharg’d the office in both.1 In de- 
 fcribiiig this County, I fhall ufe my former 
 method, and firft obferve what is moft worthy 
 our notice upon the Ley and the T’hames, and 
 then proceed to the parts that lie inward, and 
 thofe that border upon the Sea. ^ 
 
 Near the Ley, in Saxon Lygean, is a Chafe 
 . 5o faid, of vaft extent, and full of game (the largeft 
 ann. 1607- and fatteft Deer in the Kingdom) calld here- 
 Eflex-Foreft. tofore, by way of eminence, tlu Foreft oj Ej- 
 Jex, F(as reaching through this County to the 
 Sea, as appears by Edward the _ Confeflor’s 
 Nori. Eflex. Gift to one Randolph Peperkin i and flill thrufting 
 MS. -out it felf into a great many Hundreds.)! It 
 Waltham- is now call’d Waltham-Forefi, from the Town 
 Foreit. Waltham, in Saxon fealibam, i.e. a dwelhng 
 in the woods. This Town is feated on the 
 Ley (where the ftream, being divided, eliclofes 
 feveral little lOands,) and is not very ancicTO 
 For in the later times of the Saxons, one To- 
 oiius, a Man of great wealth and authority, and 
 * Stallcru^ * Standard-bearer to the King (as we read m 
 
 2. e. Vexil- • . r-yC i-U/. /,v vpnQwi of the 
 
 a private Hillory of the place,) by reafi-a if the 
 almniance of Doer, built the Towi, mi peopled tt 
 with fixty fix men. After his death, his Ion A- 
 thelllan foon fqtiandcr’d away the efhate : and 
 Edward the Confeflbr bellow’d this Village on 
 Harold foil to Earl Godwin ; who built a Mo- 
 nallery here, in which himfelf was inter d. For 
 having pofl'efs’d himfelf of the Crown (through 
 his own ambition, and the inadvertency ol 
 others ; ) he rais’d this StruSure in lionour ot 
 the Holy Crofs, Here he folcmnly made his 
 Vows for fuccefs againft the Normans ; and 
 
 Vn^u/s for fuccels againlt the JNormans ; ai.u, a great 
 being iwefently , ilain by them 
 
 ^ ralFX the pice of the meeting is caU’d I.-b=y..aaih. 
 
 ^ with ride '’iTa' Baton inlh^Ltrd EX'tr't |’""Near the Thames (notj grown very large ^ 
 
 ca;trbyBaA.. 
 
 (a) K B. He fouglit them in the wrong roia, i 
 after the Conqueft. 
 
 from London to Burnivioody^c. which was rot ofed, till 
 
 Bede 
 
T RI NO B ANT ES. 
 
 408 
 
 407 
 
 Bede Beredng ; where was a Nunnery, founded 
 by Erkenwald Bifliop of London. Here, the 
 Roding, riv. I'hamcs receives a little rivulet call’d Roding, 
 that gives name to feveral Villages by which 
 it runs ; as, Heigfj-Roding, Eithorp-Roding, Lea- 
 den~Rodwg, &c. Two of which were given to 
 Book of Ely. the Church of Ely by Leofwin a Nobleman, to 
 atone for the ir.oft barbarous murder of his 
 Chipping- mother. Next to this, is Angre : where, 
 upon a very high hill, are the marks of a Ca- 
 ftle built by Richard Lucy) Chief Juftice of En- 
 Llber Intju. gland under Henry the fecond. A co-heir oi 
 Dc 'S.i^arm. which family w'>as marry’d by King John to 
 Richard de RiverSy who liv’d at Stanford-Rivers, 
 iiard by. TAnd, before it joins the Thames, 
 Wanfied, jt runs wear IL’^anfiedy where is a noble Houfe, 
 
 with elegant and fpacious Gardens, the feat 
 of Sir Richard Child, who hath been lately ad- 
 vanced to the Honour of Lord Cafile-mayne, 
 in Ireland.l 
 
 From the mouth of the Roding, the Thames Marllies, 
 keeps on its courfe (through a low country, 
 in many places frequently laid under water; 
 the unwholfonie vapours whereof do very much 
 impair the health of the adjacent Inhabitants,) 
 to ‘Tilbury. Near which, are feveral fpacious Tilbury. 
 Caverns in a chalky cliff', built very artiffcially 
 of Stone to the height ot ten fathoms ; and Holes cut ouf, 
 Idmewhat ftraight at the top. A perfon who 
 had been down to view them, gave me a de- 
 feriptionof them, much like this, 
 
 Of thefe, I have nothing more to fay, than 
 what I have mention’d elfewhere. But this 
 In Kent. Tilbury, which Bede calls Tilaburg, conliffing at 
 Tilbury, prefent of a few cottages by the Thames-lide, 
 w'as formerly the See of Bifhop Ceada when 
 about the year 6^0. he converted the Eaft- 
 Saxons to the Chriftian Faith. Afterwards, 
 pafling by other places that do alfo lie low, and 
 are unhealthy ; the Tide feparates the Iffand 
 Convennos Cotmennos (w'hich is the Counos mention d by 
 Inf. Ptolemy) from the Continent. This place has 
 
 not quite loft it’s name, but is ftill call’d Can- 
 Canvej'. 'vey. It runs along the Eflex-fhore for five 
 miles together, from Leegh to Hole-haven j and 
 fome pait of it beolngs to the Church of 
 Weftminfter. But the ground is fo extreme 
 low, tliat it is I'cry often quite drown’d ; ex- 
 cept a few of the higheft hillocks, w’hich ferve 
 for a retreat to the llieep. Of thefe, there 
 are commonly fed four thoufand in this Ifland ; 
 the flefli of W'hich is of a very excellent tafte. 
 I have obferv’d the young men, with their 
 little ftools, milking them, like w'omen in other 
 places, and making cheefe of Ewe’s milk in 
 their little dairy-houles or huts built for that 
 Wiches.purpofe j which they call H^ches. 
 
 Over-againft this liland, are leated in order, 
 Bcamfleec. ^eamfleet, fortified vdtb a Caflie, and with large 
 deep ditches (faith Florilegus) by Haftingus or 
 Hajleny the Dane ; which were all forc’d and 
 Ha^leigh. taken by King Alfred. Then Hadleigh, for- 
 merly the caftle of Hubert de Burgh, afterwards 
 of Thomas de Woodftock, now a heap of ruins : 
 And laftly, Leegh, a pretty little town, W'ell 
 ftock’d with lufty fea-men. Near this, ftands 
 Pritlewell. RritlrceeQ, in which one Swain de EJjex hereto- 
 fore built a Cell for Monks. Here, the land 
 
 juts out into a nook, call’d Black-tayl-point, and 
 Shoberry-Nejfe, from Shobery, a little village up-shobery. 
 on it, formerly the city 6ceobipi5. For we 
 read in tlie old Saxon Annals, that the Danes Kn. 894. 
 being chafed from Beamfleot, repair’d to a city oj 
 the Eaji-Saxons, call'd, in their language, Sceobi- 
 rig, and there fortify’d themfelves. Here, the 
 Thames, forfaken of it’s banks on both fides, 
 empties it felf, out of a vaft mouth, into the 
 Ocean. Whence the place is call’d by Pto- 
 lemy, Tamefa, and, in fome copies, corruptly, 
 
 Jamefa afluarium ; by us, the Thames-moutb, 
 
 Further into the main land, lies i?oc/^oj'd,R.ochford. 
 which gave name to this Hundred; f the Ann. 1607. 
 Eftate of the Lords Rich. It w'as formerly pof- 
 fefs’d by a very ancient family of the fame 
 name, W'hofe eftate, after a long time, came 
 to Butler Earl of Ormond and Wiltfhire, and 
 then to Thomas Bollen, created by Henry the 
 eighth, firft Vifcounc Rochford, and afterwards 
 Earl of Wiltfhire ; from whom the excellent 
 Queen Elizabeth, and the Barons Hunfdon, 
 are defeended. fin our time, it hath given 
 the title of Earl, to IViUiam Henry, Lord of 
 Zuleftein in Holland, who, in confideration of 
 his eminent Services, as w'ell as affinity in blood, 
 to King William the third, was created by his 
 Majefty Baron of Enfield, Vifeount Tunbridge, 
 and Earl of Rochford. 
 
 In the marfliy grounds adjoyning to the 
 Thames, about IVeji-Thurrock, Dagenham, &c. 
 great numbers of fubterraneom Trees have been Pbilofopb. 
 difeover’d by the Inundations of the Thames ; Tranf. N. 
 which frequently happen in thofe parts, not - 53 ^ 
 withftaiiding the greateft diligence to prevent 
 them. They were found, with Roots, Boughs, 
 and fome part of the Bark; and have teen pro- 
 bably 
 
E S’ SE X. 
 
 ^09 
 
 410 
 
 Horn- 
 
 Church. 
 
 bsbly beaten or blown down by forne great 
 Inund.ations, or by foine violent Storms ; which 
 bear very ftrongly upon tliis Shore.1 
 
 Within light of the Thames, going from 
 Weft to Eaft, «and at fome diftance from the 
 fhore, the places of note, are thefe that fol- 
 Havering. in their order, Firft, Haveritigy an anci- 
 ent retiring place of the Kings, called fo from 
 a Ring given there by a certain ftranger to Ed- 
 ward the Confellbr, as aprefentfrom St.John. 
 Hora-CImrchy called formerly Hbrn-AIonafhry ; 
 from a pair of huge leaden horns fhooting forth 
 Rumfbrd. on the eaft tide of the Church. Rurnfordy fa- 
 mous for the Hog-market ; and a houfe ad- 
 ioyning called Giddy-Hall, which belong’d to 
 Seethe An- Thomas Coke fometime Lord Mayor of Lon- 
 Qon ; whofe great riches expos’d him to very 
 great dangers. For, though he was innocent, 
 yet was he accufed of High Treafon, and, be- 
 ing, by the integrity of Judge acquit- 
 
 ted in the worft of times ; he had notwith- 
 ftanding a fevere line impofed on him, very 
 Brentwood, near the value of his whole eftate. Brentiuood, 
 Engerllon. and EngerBon, formerly Engheafhriy noted only 
 for their Markets and Inns. 
 
 Here I am at a ftand, and in doubt whether 
 I had beft take this opportunity to bring forth 
 a conjefiure which I have fome time fince con- 
 Cafmmgus, cciv’d. Seeing tlie City Cafaromagm was cer- 
 call’d in the mainly feated in thefe parts^ and waSj no doubt. 
 
 place of great note in the time of the Ro- 
 
 at Ra/«s. See 
 btlow. 
 
 mans, as the very name imports (fignifying the 
 City of CafaTy in the fame manner as Dmfoma- 
 gHiy the City of Drufus •,) Which too feems pro- 
 bably to hat^e been built in honour of Au- 
 gufius : For Suetonius informs us, that all the 
 Princes who were the friends and allies ot that 
 Emperor, built Cities in his honour ; in the 
 names of which, the word Cafar was always a 
 part : What then if I fhould fix Cafaromagus 
 near this Brentwood ? Could the reader forbear 
 to fmile at my fancy ? For my Opinion can 
 receive no fupport from the diftances in the 
 Itinerary, fince the numbers are there fo ftrange- 
 ly corrupted : Yet thofe from Colonia and Ca- 
 mnium agree well enough. Nor can I draw an 
 Argument from the lituation of it on a Ro- 
 Xkere are, man way ; * lince we can find no footfteps of 
 ‘'"'any fuch in this County. Nor do we meet' 
 wifh the leaft fliadow of the word Cafaroma- 
 gji6y unlefs it be a very fmall affinity in the 
 name of the Hundred formerly called Ceasford, 
 now Cheafford-Hundred. And indeed, as the 
 names' ot fome ancient places are very little 
 alter’d, and others quite changed ; there are 
 others fo mangled, that only one fyllable or 
 two of the former denomination remains. Thus 
 Cafar-augufia in Spain, is now corrupted into 
 Saragofa ; Cafaro^nagus in Gaul hath entirely 
 loft it’s old name, and alfum’d that of Beau- 
 vais y and Cafarea in Normandy hath fcarce 
 one entire fyllable left it, in the prefent name 
 Cberkirg. But why do I dwell on thefe trifles ? 
 If Cfifaromagus be nor in this neighbourhood, 
 let others feek for it clfewhere. For my part; 
 the difeovery is beyond my reach, though I 
 have ufed all the affiftance that my eyes and 
 ears could procure. TThis (f in the opinion 
 of Mr. Talbot) was at Chensford or Chemsford j 
 but that he fhould wheel about from Leyton, 
 to feek for Cafaromagus in thofe parts, feems a 
 little ftrangc. Had he gone from thence, right 
 over Epping-Eoreft, about the diftance from 
 London as fet forth in the Itinerary, viz,. 
 twenty-eight miles, he would have met with a 
 town, the firft fight whereof might promife 
 foraething great and anguft. I mean Vunmow, 
 written in Domefday Dmmaw, and in old 
 
 t 
 
 Deed^ now in the polieflion of fome of the 
 neighbours thereabouts, and fometimes in the 
 Regifters of the Bifliops of London, Dim- 
 rnage. Now, this Dmmow appears, even from Dunmow. 
 the name, to be a place of great Antiquity, 
 being deriv’d from tw'o old Gaulifli, or Britifti 
 words ; viz,. Dimum, a dry gravelly hill, and 
 Magus a town. As for the change of Muxoe, 
 
 Mauge, or Mage into wow, it is very natural ; 
 whether we confider the found of (a) changed 
 commonly, in after-times, into (o), as ham, 
 home ; fald, fold ; &c. or the melting of (g) 
 into (w), than which nothing is more common, 
 and obvious, to any one who compares the 
 more ancient with the more modern w'ords. 
 
 So that no difference now remains, but the 
 fubftituting Dun for Cafaro ; and nothing was 
 more common ^^■ith the Saxons, than to take 
 part of the Roman name, and out of it to 
 frame another by addition of hurh, (hefler, dun, 
 
 &c. Befides, the diftance between this and 
 the next ftation^ adds ftrength to the conje- 
 cture, that Dunmovj is. the old Cafaromagus , 
 being diftaiit in the Itinerary from Colonia 
 (Colchefter) twenty-four miles which may 
 agree well enough with the common computa- 
 tion of tw'enty, fince (as appears by Domefday- 
 book) our reckoning is according to the Sa- 
 xon or German Leugs, confifting of fifteen hun- 
 dred paces, and the Italick make only one 
 thoufand. Add to this, that from Dunmenu to 
 Colchefter, is a direCt road ; wherein are ftill 
 to be feen in fome places, the remains of an 
 old Roman way , which, by the Country-people 
 who live upon it, is to this day (particularly 
 at Raine) call’d, T’he Street: the very word 
 (ftrata,) us’d by our Country-man Bede to fig- 
 nify a Roman road. And in an old Perambu- 
 lation of the Forreft, in the time of King John, 
 it is faid to bound on the north fuper ftratam 
 ducentem d Dunmovj verfus Colceftriam, upon the 
 ftreet leading from Dunmow towards Colche- 
 fter meaning this road : To which it may 
 be further added, that, hard by, near Littk- 
 Canfieldy are two ancient Fortifications, both 
 defended by deep ditches ; one of which is 
 
 f Burton’s 
 Itinerary, 
 P-197- 
 
 called at this day the Caftle-yard : and thefe (to- 
 gether with the name, and the diftanceC) indu- 
 ced the late learned Commentator upon the 
 Itinerary, to fettle the Camnium of Antoninus, 
 at Little-Canfield, in the neighbourhood of Dun- 
 
 Below Brentwood, I faw Soutl>~Okindon, here-South-Okin- 
 tofore the feat of the Bruins, a family of very don, 
 great repute in thefe parts. From which, by 
 two co-heirs who were fevcral times marry’d, 
 
 Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk, the Eirels, 
 
 Berniers, Harleftons, Heveningbams, and others, 
 are defeended ; The iflue male of this fami- 
 ly are ftill remaining in Hamfliire. And 
 Ehorndon, where Sir John Petre Knight, Baron xhorndon. 
 Petre of JVrinle, built a fair feat. It was Baron Petre; 
 formerly \the habitation of the noble family of 
 Fhz,~Lcv)is •, the laft of which, if we believe 
 common report, was by the cafual burning of 
 the houfe at the folemnity of his wedding, 
 miferably confum’d in the flames. Then Burgh- 
 ftedy by contT&Stion Burfted, i. e. the place of aBjirfled, 
 Burgh i a denomination given to many places 
 by our anceftors. Here, I once thought was 
 the Cafaromagus i but whatever it was former- 
 ly, at prefent it is only a fmall village inha- 
 bited by husbandmen ; near Billiricay, a pretty 
 large market. Hard by, is Aftjdovsn, formerly Alhdown. 
 AJfandun, i- e. as Marianus interprets it, fhe 
 Mount of Ajfes ; famous for a defperate battel, 
 in which Edmund Ironfide at fi^ft had the 
 better of the Danes, but afterwards, through 
 F f f treachery. 
 
41 1 
 
 TRINO B JNTES. 
 
 412 
 
 Raleigh. 
 
 treachery, loft the day, together with a great 
 number of his Nobility. In memory of which, 
 we read, that Canum the Dane built a Church 
 here : when, repenting of all the blood he had 
 occafion’d to be fpilt, he ereded foine kind of 
 Religious ftrtiaure, wherever he had engaged 
 
 Not far from hense, lies Raleigh a pretty 
 little Town : it feems to be called Ragemia 
 in Domefday, which makes mention of a Ca- 
 ftle built here by one Sueno- Where alfo vie 
 Arpentiies, read thus, there is one Park, and fix Arpennies 
 Wine. gf Vineyard, which, if it takes well, yields twenty 
 Modii of wine : which I here take notice of, 
 both for the French word Arpennis, and for the 
 mention of the made in this Ifland. 1 his 
 
 Ralph deDi.&ifiio was a very eminent and honourable per- 
 «»• foil, the foil of Robert Fitz-Wlmaerc, andfa- 
 
 Family of ther of Robert de Effex, to whom was born 
 Rfirx. Henry de Eflex, * Standard-bearer to die Ring 
 * V id. Flint-, of inheritance : who, in a skirmlfll 
 
 the Welfh, threw away his courage and 
 ffandard together ; and being accus’d of High- 
 treafon, and overcome in liiigle combat I by 
 Robert de Montfort,! and caft into prifon ; 
 his vaft eftate made a conliderable addition to 
 Ring Henry the fecond’s Exchequer. His Ba- 
 rony remain’d a long time in the Crown, till 
 Hukert de Burgh obtain’d a Grant of It from 
 
 , King John. ■ • u 
 
 Further to the North, the fhore, retiring by 
 decrees, gives entrance to the fea in two pla- 
 ces" one of which Bays, the Inhabitants call 
 Crouch. Crouch, and the oxher Blachwater, formerly FaW. 
 BlackwaKt. In Crouch, there lie four pretty green lilands, 
 but the frequent overflowings make them fenny 
 and mootilh. . , 
 
 Wallot The moft confiderable, are Wallot ; and FouV 
 Fouloeii. nejs, that is, the Promontory of Birds or Fowls, 
 which hath a Church, that at low water may 
 be come-at, on horfe-back. Between thele 
 Dengy-Hua- Bays, lies Deugy-hundred, formerly Daunting : the 
 dred. erafs here is excellent good, and it is 
 
 Lck’d with Cattel ; but the air none of the 
 he.althieft. The only trade, almofi, that is 
 EfTex cheefe. driven here, is in Cheefe ; and men milk the 
 ewes, like women in other places. Here are 
 made thofe Cheefes of an extraordinary blg- 
 nefs, which are ufed, as well in foreign parts 
 as in England, to fatislie the coarfe ftomachs 
 
 of husbandmen and labourers. Dei®>, the chief 
 
 Town, is thought to have receiv’d it s name 
 from the Danes ; which it gives to the whole 
 Tiffingliam. Hundred. Nigh this, Units plUngham, given 
 by Ethelbert, the firft Chriftian Ku^ ot the 
 Saxons, to the Monaftery of St. Patil in Lon- 
 don. Higher up, toward the Northern fliore, 
 ftood once a flouriihingCity, called by our ance- 
 Ithancefter. ftors Ithancefi&r. For thus Ralph Niger tells us 
 out ofBede, Ceada the Eijhof baptiz,ed theEafi-^a^ 
 ons near Maldon in the city of Ithancefter, Mb 
 flood upon the bank cf the river Pant, that rum 
 near Maldon in the Province of Dengy ; but that 
 City hath flnee been frvallovfd up in the river Pmt. 
 I cannot exaftly point out the place j but, that 
 the river Frojhvfell was heretofore called Pant, 
 I am pretty confident, becaufe ^one of it s 
 fprings fiill keeps the name of Pants-Well, and 
 the Monks of Coggcfhall fpeaking of it, ufe the 
 fame appellation. Some think this IthameUer 
 to have been feated in the utmoft point of Dengy- 
 Hundred, where ftands at prefent St. Peter s on 
 the Wall. For along this fhore, the Country- 
 people are hard put to it, to keep the Sea out 
 of their Fields, wfith great banks and walls. 1 
 am enclin’d to believe, that this JthanceBer was 
 the fame as Othona, the Station of the Brind 
 of the Fortenfes with their Provofl, in the de 
 
 clenfion of the Roman Empire j who were 
 placed here under the Count of the Saxon 
 fhore, to fecure the Coaft againfi: the Pirating 
 Saxons. For Othona might very eafily pals 
 into Ithana ; and the fituation in a creek at the 
 mouth of feveral rivers, was very convenient 
 for fuch a defign. Here we may add, that 
 the Confeflbr granted the Cuftody of this 
 Hundred to Ranulph * Peperking, by a fhort* xhe Nop. 
 Charter ; w'hich I am willing to fet down, that mans call 
 we, who examin every thing by the niceties him Pevfrfi' 
 of Law, may lee the innocent plainnefs of that 
 age. It ftands thus in the Records of the Ex- 
 chequer j but, by often tranferibing, fome 
 words are made fmoother th-an they were in 
 the Original. 
 
 Among tile 
 Records of 
 
 furer and 
 Chamberlain 
 of the Exche* 
 quer. 
 
 Iche Edioard Koning 
 
 Have ceven of my Forreft the keep - — - 
 
 ing. Hilwj-terin, 
 
 Of the Hundred o( Chelmer and Danang,]^^ Cuftod>" 
 To Randolph Peperking and to his of the Trea- 
 kindling : 
 
 With heorte and hinde, doe and 
 bocke. 
 
 Hare and Foxe, Cat and Brocke, 
 
 Wilde Fowell with his flocke, 
 
 Partrich, Fefant hen, and Fefant 
 cock : 
 
 With greene and wilde ftob and 
 ftock. 
 
 To kepen and to yernen by all her 
 might. 
 
 Both by day and eke by night : 
 
 And Hounds for to holde 
 Good and fwift and bolde : 
 
 Fower Grehounds and fix racches, 
 
 For Hare and Fox, and wild Cattes, 
 
 And therefore ich made him my 
 booke : 
 
 Witnefle the Bifhop WolBon 
 And booke ylered many on. 
 
 And Sixeyne ct' £/.'X our Brother 
 And teken him many other. 
 
 And our Stltoard Hovxlin 
 That by fought me tor him. 
 
 tthena. 
 
 Such was the honeft, ™<iefignkig fimplicity Sefli firft 
 of that age ; which thought a tew hues and a 
 few golden crofi'es, fufficieiit afluranccs m all 
 cafes. For iejore the coming-in of the Normans 
 i (as we read in Ingulphus) Indentures were cm- 
 firm’d by golden croffes and fuch other marks ; hut 
 the Normans us’d u do it, with an imprejfnn in 
 wax, of the particular feals of the parties concern d, 
 and three or four witmffes. But before, many Te- 
 nures were granted by a hare word, without writing 
 or paper, only by the fword of the Lord, or his hel- 
 met ■, by a horn or a cup : and feveral others by a 
 fpur, a curry-comb, a bow, and fometimes by an 
 
 “"m 'aekwater-bay (which, as I faid before, bounds Blackwater- 
 the north-part of this Hundred) affords plenty >• 
 of the beft Oyfters, which we call WaUfleot- 
 oyflers. rilThey are fo term d from the Ihore of 
 that name, where they lie ; along which, the 
 inhabitants have been forc’d to build a Wall 
 of earth to defend themfelves againft the break- 
 ings-in of the fea. It was m.ade 5 miles in length ; 
 and upon that fhore only where this reaches, 
 are thefe oyfters to be met with.) Into that 
 Bay, flow two rivers, which wath the raelmer an! 
 
 part of the County, Chelmer and Frojlowelt. 
 
 Chebner, coming from the inner parts that, 
 are cloathed with wood, pafl'es through Thax- Thaxftrft. 
 lied, a little Market-town, feated very plea- 
 fantly on a hill ; and Tiltey, where Maurice ' - ’ 
 Fitxr-Gilbert founded n fmsll Monaftery 1 to 
 
ESSEX. 
 
 414 
 
 Eftanm by the tower, now Eftm i which was 
 f nfLo-the feat of the Lords of Lovainy defcendod 
 
 Loros 
 
 Uie icau •"W'- — 
 
 from Godfrey brother to Henry the fixth Duke 
 of Brabant j who being fent hither to take 
 care of the Honour of Eya, were Barons, to the 
 fixth generation. But in the time of Edward 
 the third, for want of iifue-male, the eftate 
 and honour pafs’d by marriage to William Eaurg- 
 chier ; whofe Poftcrity were for a little while 
 Earls of EJfex. [From this place. Sir William 
 Maynard was, in the third year of JCing Charles 
 the fall, advanced to the honour of Lord May- 
 nard of Eflains. I 
 
 Pnnmow. Then Chelmer runs to Durmum, anciently 
 •• Dmma'Wg, and in Domefday Dunma-ji [(which 
 Vd Bum- is proved before to be the Cafaromagm of An- 
 ,!<,i,p.409.toninus ;)1 a town of a very delightful fitua- 
 tion, on the top of a gentle afeent ; where one 
 Juga founded a Monallery in the year 1 1 1 1 . 
 But William Bainard (as we read in the private 
 Hiftory of that Monallery,) of onhom Juga held 
 the milage 0/ Little Dunmow, mas for felony de- 
 priv’d oj hi! Barony, and King Henry the fi-ft gave 
 it to Robert Son 0/ Richard Fitz-Giflbert Earl 
 of Clare, and to his heirs, with the Honour of 
 Bainard-caftle in London ; which Robert was then 
 Sewer to King Henry. Thefe are the Author s 
 own words. Nor do I think it juft for me 
 to alter them, tho’ they contain a manifeft 
 ttylixepav/wt, or anticipation of time j a failing,, 
 to be met withal in the bell hillorians. For 
 that fiimily was not as yet honour’d with the 
 aplott’s dignity of Earls o( Clare. 1 * In the Priory 
 Stafford- here, Robert Fiti.-Walter (a powerful Baron in 
 fliire, pag. ti’hg time of Henry the third, ) inftituted a 
 IIF cuftom, that whoever did not repent of his 
 marriage, nor quarrel’d with his wife within 
 a year and a day, ftiould go to Dunmow and 
 have a gamon of Bacon. But the Party was 
 to fwear to the truth of it, kneeling upon two 
 hard-pointed ftones fet in the Priory Church- 
 yard for that purpofe, before the Prior and 
 Convent, and the whole Town. But this by 
 
 the way.l c -i, 
 
 How let us retire a little further rrom the 
 river on both fides. On one Ifide, not far ofh 
 Hit&ld- Hoais Hatfield Broadoake, in which Church lleth 
 Eroidojke. crofs-leg’d the firfl Earl of Oxford ;1 and at a 
 Plaifj'. littig diftance from the river, Plaify, lo call d 
 in French from Pleafing. The former name 
 was Efire ; the feat of the Conftables ot Eng- 
 land in the latter end of the Saxons ; and af- 
 terwards too, as the Ely-book informs u^ lo 
 the fame place, two very povverflil Nobles, 
 (who could not keep themfelyes between the 
 two extremes, of Flattery and Obft^acy, to 
 their Prince) do owe their death ; de 
 
 Woodftock Duke#f Gloceftty, and Earl 9' Fflex, 
 and John Hollcmd Earl of Huntii^don, brother, 
 
 by the mother’s fide, to King Richard the fe- 
 cond, and onqe i>v*e of Exeter ; but oftet- 
 wards depriv’d .pf that honour. The former 
 for his ralhneff and contumitoyo wa? hurry d 
 from hence to .Cato, and iltangled ; die other 
 was beheaded ip this very place, for sdbdlion, 
 
 by command qf Penry the fourth. So -that he 
 
 feem’d by his dsath to have .appsps^ the gholl 
 
 wife one of the moft celebrated beauties of 
 the age, daughter to Ingelric a noble Saxon, xhe Book of 
 
 brte rounaed nere a College, now in a minous at. Martin’s 
 condition, and liesintombM* in the 'window of*” London, 
 the Church ; whereof a little is flill remain- ” ”* 
 
 ing. By her, he had William Peverel Gover- 
 nour of Dover-caftle, and Pain Peverel Lord of 
 Brun in Cambridgefhire. The fame Lady bore 
 ,to William the Conqueror, whofe Concubine 
 fhe was, William Peverel Lord of Nottingham. 
 
 But to return to the Chelmer. Next [(at a lit- 
 tle diftance from Hatfield-PeveYelyf it vifits 
 Chelmerfordy commonly Chen ford, which by tliechensford* 
 diftance from Camalodunum, fliould be the old 
 Canonium. fUnle fs, perhaps, that ftation maycaaoni««. 
 be better fettled at Writtle, not far from 
 it ; as by reafon of the diftances from Cafaro- 
 magm and Camalodunum, fo alfo upon another 
 account, which follows. It is an Obfervation 
 made by Antiquaries, that the Saxon Kings 
 and Nobles feated themfelves upon the forfa- 
 ken Camps and Stations of the Romans. .And 
 this Town (fo far as there is any light from 
 Records to direct us) has always been in the 
 polfeffion of Kings or Noble-men. * It was * Domefday. 
 King Harold s before the Conqueft, and King 
 William^s after ; and continu’d in the Crown, 
 ftill King John pafs’d part of it to Nevil, for-f-ciauf. 6 
 life. Afterwards, it was granted |1 by Henry Job. m. 9. 
 the third to Philip de Atheney, and to William li ‘Lot. 7 Hen. 
 Earl of Salisbury ; befides which, another ftiare 
 pafs’d to Bruce. As for Chelmsford, that inueed 
 was a Villa belonging to the Bifhop of Lon- 
 don, when the Conqueror’s Survey was made, 
 and fo continu’d till Bifhop Bonner alienated it 
 to King Henry the eighth. But it was of no 
 great note, till Bifhop Maurice built the bridge 
 about the time of Henry the firft ; and 
 his Succeflbr, William Bifhop of London, pro- 
 cur’d from King John, in tlie firft year of 
 his reign, a Market here, and in his fecond 
 year, a Fair. When it grew thus famous, the 
 road (which is moll confiderable, as to our 
 bufinefs) began to be through this Town, tho 
 
 till then it had all along lain, through 1 
 
 As to ClseltHsford, it is a pretty large Eown, 
 
 feated almoft in the middle of the County, 
 
 between two rivers which meet here ; Chelmer 
 
 from the call ; and .another from the fouth, ot 
 
 which if the name be Can (as fome will have 
 
 it) we may * Hill fanfy this place to have » ContluJe, 
 
 been the old Canonium. . , n ‘ 
 
 It was famous in the memory ol the t lanfSoftiff, 
 age for a little Monallery huilt by Malcoknoon. 1607- 
 King if Scotland. ' 4 t prefent, it is rcmaAa- 
 ble only for the Affises being k?pt there 1 ne 
 place begas to recover it fell, 
 
 Bilhop of Londtm (to W.hom it belong d) did in 
 
 the time of Henry tlie firft bsm a bridge 
 
 here, and brought the great road through this 
 
 Tawn. -Befopre f(as we hfvve afwiy ninted) I 
 
 it lay through KAiflle, famous %tlielargcnels^,;i,;t fiir- 
 
 of the pari(h; wW* King Hiwy the third me, ly 
 
 gave to Rqbert Bruce Loyd of ■ Ana,Bdale in Scot 
 
 land, who had maljiiyd. one of ,Ae daightcr 
 
 and heirs V‘ jedpt laft Earl 
 
 canfe he wa*. upw^ ing that ^ County of 
 
 feem’d by his dsath to have .apppps d the ghol canle “ ;^;;fi;d”amoiis. Women. But 
 
 of Woodfiocii Allegtoce, 
 
 01 yyV\JUIl\A.K j -WAV.IAV -’••• 
 
 the main procurer. Hence the Chehmr .mlls.neM- 
 Leez., a little Monallery, built by the Gmtons i 
 once the feat of the Lords Rich, who ow d their 
 Biro.! Rich, honour to Richard Rich, a petfon of great Wil- 
 dom, and Chancellour of England under Ed- 
 ward the fixth ; Twhofe pofterity were advanced 
 to the dignity of Earls of Warwick ; but it 
 is now a feat of the Duke of M.mcheftet .1 
 SttfiellPeve- A little lower is Hatfield-Peverel, lo call d rorn 
 '’''’"'the owner of it Ranulph Peverel, who had to 
 
 Edvard the fecond “ ^ud 
 
 threrEohun Earl of Hereford and Ellex. And, 
 X King James [the firll,l at us . coming to 
 
 Jhe Crown, 'advanc’d feveral defcrving pel Ions 
 to the honourable degree of Barons ; he clea- 
 red fohn Petre, a very eminent Knight, Bit 
 Pete of Writtle , whofe father WtBtarn Petre, 
 was a perfon of extraordinary 
 learning; not fo famous for the great Offices 
 
415 
 
 TRINOB JNTES. 
 
 416 
 
 he had bom in the kingdom (having been of 
 the Privy Council to Henry the eighth, Ed- 
 ward the lixth. Queen Mary and Queen Eli- 
 zabeth, and often Embalfadorto foreign States,) 
 as for his ’liberal education, and his encou- 
 ragement to learning at Oxford, and for his 
 bounty to his poor neighbours at Engerfton. 
 PThis Place, in the Bull of Pope Paul the fourth 
 (whereby he granted to the aforefaid William 
 Petre the fale of feveral Monafteries belonging 
 to Religious houfes diflblv*d by King Henry 
 the eighth) is calPd Ging-AbbatiJfaj alias Ging 
 ad Petram, vel Ingerfione. And in the neigh- 
 bourhood are feveral Villages, whereof Ging or 
 or inge make part of the name, as, Ging-gra'ue, 
 Menas-ingey Marget-ingey and Frier~inge. \ 
 
 Froji^vielly call’d more truly Pant, and after- 
 wards Blachuater, rifing out of a little fpring 
 near Radwinter, which belong’d to the Lords 
 Cobham 5 after it has run a great way and 
 FincMngfield.met with nothing confiderable (except {pinching- 
 field, which John Compes held of Edward the 
 third, by the fervice of turning the fpit at his 
 Becking. Coronation jl Backing, a rich Parfonage, fin 
 the gift of the Archbifhop of Canterbury, (tht 
 Town, till the diflblution, belonging to Chrift- 
 Cogihal, Church, Canterbury;)] Cogfijal, built by King 
 Whittam. Stephen for Cluniack Monks ; and Whittam, 
 by Edward the elder, in the year p 14 j faid 
 to have been the Honour of Eufiace, Earl of 
 * SoUdai d«*BoIogn ;) meets with the Chelmer, which 
 UtM, ming down with its w hole ftream from a pret- 
 
 Danbury, ty high hill not far from Danbury (for a long 
 
 time the habitation of the noble family of the 
 Woodham- pyarcies',} hy Woodham-WalterSy the an- 
 
 Walter^ cient feat of the Lords Fitz-Walters, as emi- 
 
 Walters. iteiit for nobility as antiquity ; being delcend- 
 
 ed from Robert, younger fon to Richard Fitz- 
 4- So faid, Giflbert an Earl ; and, in the f laft age, grafted 
 ann. 1607. by carriage into the family of the ; who, 
 
 being advanc’d to the honour of Earls of Suf- 
 fex, had a noble feat not far from hence, call’d 
 New-hall. ppevi~bnll This belong’d formerly to the But- 
 lers Earls of Ormond j then to Thomas Bollen 
 Leland in Earl of WiItfhiff,'of whom King Henry the 
 CygneaCantio. ci%hx\\ procur’d it by exchange; and, having 
 been at great charge to enlarge it, gave it the 
 name of Beau-lieu ; tho’ this never prevail’d 
 among the common people. I As to the title 
 of Lord FuxrWalter , upon the death of Ro- 
 hm Ratcliff, without iflue, anno idap, it was 
 
 claimed by Sir Henry Mildmay in right of his 
 wife, only daughter of Henry Radclff, coulin 
 and heir of the half blood to Robert before- 
 mention’d. Upon which Claim -fo made (the 
 unhappy Civil W'ars coming on) nb determina- 
 tion was given ; till, in the year 1 66p, the faid 
 title was adjudged in Parliament to Benjamin, 
 fon of the faid Sir Henry, and father of Charles 
 the prefent Lord.l 
 
 Now the Chelmer with the confluence pf the 
 other Rivers (being divided by a^river-Ifland, 
 and quitting its ancient name for that of Black- 
 water or Pant) falutes the old Colony of the 
 Romans, Camalodunum, which has made thisCamalodui 
 fhore famous; call’d by Ptolemy Camudolamim,'^'^'^' 
 and by Antoninus Camulodimim and Camoludu- 
 num : but that the true name is Camalodunum, 
 we have the authority of Pliny, and Dion, 
 and of an ancient Marble. How ftrangdy 
 have fome perfons loft themfelves in the fearch. 
 after this City ! though the very name points 
 it out to them, be they ever fo blind. Many 
 have fought it in the weft of England ; as did 
 one, among the reft, who thought himfelf no 
 mean man in Antiquity, and others in the fur- 
 theft part of Scotland ; and others have, with 
 Leland, affirm’d ColcheHer to be the place : when, 
 all the while, the name is very little alter’d ; 
 and inftead of Camalodunum, it is call’d atprefent 
 Maldon, and in Saxon cpalebune and Opealbune ; Maldon. 
 the greateft part of the word remaining whole 
 and entire t- Nor are the plain remains of the 4 Gale, pag. 
 name the only argument for this alfertion ; but m. places ic 
 the diftance too from the Mona of Pliny, 
 the fituation in the ancient Itinerary-table, are^‘^'“^®*' 
 as plain proofs, as any in the world. I dare not 
 venture to fay, that this place was fo call’d 
 from the God Cumulus', and yet, that M?rxTheGodCsJ 
 was worfhip’d under this name, appears from mulus. 
 an old ftone at Rome * in the houfe of the Col- * adibus 
 loti, and from Altars that have been found 
 with this infeription, CAMVLO DEO 
 SANCTO ET FORTISSIMO. And, upon 
 an old Coin of Cumbeline (whofe chief feat 
 this was, as I have obferved before,) I have 
 feen a figure, with a helmet and a fpear, which 
 probably \vas that of Mars; with the Letters 
 CAMV. But becaufe at prefent that piece is 
 not in my hands, I will prefent you with fome 
 others of the fame Cunobeline, which feem to 
 relate to this Camalgdtmum : 
 
 See in the 
 Britiili Coifts. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 He govern’d this Eaftern part of the Ifland 
 in the reign o! I’iberius, and is fuppos’d to 
 liave liad three fons, Adminius, T'ogodumnus, 
 and CaraBacui. Adminius, being banifh’d the 
 kingdom by his father, and receiv’d by C. Ca- 
 ligula, accompany d him into Batavia on that 
 ridiculous expedition, which he made, to put 
 
 a terrour upon Britain. As for T’ogodumnus, 
 
 Aulus Plautius overcame and kill’d him in a 
 fet battel ; and the fame perfon having put Ca- 
 roBacus to the rout, as I have mention’d in See the 
 another place, carry’d him to Rome, to grace m<ms in 
 his Ovation (or Lejfer Triumph.) This is that^^^”’ 
 Plautius, who, by the advice of one Caius Be)-i- 
 
 cus 
 
4>7 
 
 ESSEX. 
 
 4.18 
 
 r«j a Bncifh exile (ptetelices for war always 
 offering themrclves) did, firft after Julius Cae- 
 fari make an attempt upon Britain under the 
 in Emperor Claudius whom Claudius himfelf 
 Britain- foon folIowM with the whole force of the Em- 
 pire, and with Elephants ^ the bones of which 
 being cafually found, have given rife to feveral 
 groundlefs ftories. Palling the Thames, he put 
 the Britains to flight, who flood to receive him 
 on the other fide ; and eafily polfefsM himfelf 
 of this Camalodunum. For which Atchieve- 
 ments, his fon w'as honour’d w'ith the title of 
 Britannkusy and himfelf often faluted Emperor 
 and lix months after his fetting out, he re- 
 turn’d to Rome. But I have fpoken of thefe 
 matters more fully in another place, and am 
 not willing to trouble the Reader with a repe- 
 tition of them here, f Nor will it be very 
 \ material, to add, what a f late Writer hasad- 
 
 Britan. vanc’d, in favour of his own hypothefis, as to 
 the original of the name Camalodunum^ 
 
 ■ that it comes from CamoU which in the Phoe- 
 nician fignifies a Prince and Governoury and the 
 old dun a hill ; fo that this may be call’d the 
 Kings-hid ; as Mons Capitolinus at Rome, figni- 
 fies Jupiter s-hill. Its being Cunobelin’s Regia 
 or Palace, may feem to give fome ftrength to 
 the conjefture ; but how it will fuit with the 
 old Altar-Infcription, which mentions Camulus 
 Deusy and with the coins w'hich confirm it, I 
 much doubt j and yet thofe mu£l be look’d 
 upon as the beft authorities.1 
 
 Camalodunum being reduced under the fub- 
 jeftion of the Romans, Claudius placed here a 
 ilcRit band of Veterans for a Colony, and coin- 
 ed money in memory of this adtion, with the 
 following infeription ; 
 
 Ceionu Ca- COL. C A M A L O D V N. 
 
 maloduDum. 
 
 From whence it appears, that this happen’d in 
 the twelfth year ot that Emperor, which falls- 
 in with the year of Chrift 52. In an old In- 
 feription which follows, it is call’d C O L O- 
 NIA VICTRICENSIS, from the Ve- 
 terans of the fourteenth Legion, which had the 
 Name of Gemina Martia Vkhix, whom Tacitus 
 calls the Conquerors of Britain. 
 
 CN. MUNATIUS. M.F. PAL* 
 AURELIUS BASSUS 
 PROC AUG. 
 
 PRiEF. FABR. PR^F. COH. III. 
 SAGITTARIORUM. PRiEF. COH. II. 
 ASTYRUM. CENSITOR. CIVIUM. 
 ROMANORUM. COLONIZE. 
 VICTRICENSIS. 
 
 Q_UiE. EST. IN. BRITANNIA. 
 CAMALODUNI. 
 CURATOR. VliE. NOMENTAN^. 
 PATRONUS. EJUSDEM. MUNICIPII. 
 FLAMEN PERPETUUS. DUUMVIRALI. 
 POTESTATE. .EIDILIS* DEDI- 
 CATOR. nil. 
 
 Servius. Now a Colony (if the Knowledge of this be 
 material) is a Body of Men brought into a for- 
 tify’d Place, and invefled with the Right of 
 Poifeffion. Thefe, for the moft part, were ye~ 
 terans ; both, that Provifion might be made for 
 them, and that they might defend the Place 
 againft Rebels, and inure the Friends and Al- 
 lies of the Romans to the Laws and Cuftoms 
 Tjchus of of the Empire. Thefe Colonies were in great 
 wisCo/oBjr. honour and eileem, being, as it were, images 
 and reprefentations of the City of Rome. They 
 had their Magifirates too, fuperior and infe- 
 
 rior i of which fince others have given us ac- 
 counts already, it would be unneceifary for me 
 to fpend time in deferibing them, \nthis Ro- 
 man Colony (the firft in Britain,) was a Tem- 
 ple erefted to the honour of Claudius j Tacitus 
 calls it, "The altar of eternal Dominion. Seneca The Altar 
 alfo takes notice of it in his fcoifing Satyr on Temple 
 
 the death and deification of that Emperor .- Claudiusi 
 It is no great matter (faith he) that Claudius hath 
 a temple in Britainy which the barbarous people 
 now uiorjhip and adore as a deity. For there \vere 
 Prieils chofen to his honour, namely the ^’o- 
 dales AuguBaleS) who under pretence of Religi- 
 on, juggled the poor Britains out of their for- 
 tunes and eftates. But aftel* ten years fpace, 
 the courfe of things turn’d, and this Colony 
 was utterly ruin’d. For when the Veterans, 
 that were brought into this country after it 
 had been fubdued, exercis’d a cruel tyranny 
 over the poor fubjeds ; the fparks of the war, 
 which had lain conceal’d fo long, broke out in a 
 more violent flame than ever. The Britains, un- 
 der the condud of Bundukuy or Booi/cw, plunder’d 
 and burnt this Colony, as fecur’d with no fortifi- 
 cations ; and in two days fpace ftorm’d the Tem- 
 ple, where the Soldiers had got together to 
 defend themfelves j routed the ninth Legion 
 that was coming to their afiiftaiice j and, in a 
 word, kill’d feventy thoufand Romans and Al- Dio kyi 
 lies. This dreadful flaughter was foretold by Soooo. 
 feveral Prodigies. The image of Vidory in Prodigies, 
 this City, turn’d it felf round, and fell to the 
 earth. In the Court, were heard ftrange cries, 
 and the Theater founded with bowlings and 
 groans : houfes were feen under the water of the 
 Thames, and the neighbouring bay overflow’d 
 with blood. (This bay we fince call Blackwatery 
 though I know not for what reafon, as Pto- 
 lemy calls it Idumanusy which feems to denote Idumanus,. 
 the fame thing j Tdu in Britifh fignifying black. 
 
 Yet the Romans rais’d it again out of it s afties : 
 for Antoninus makes mention of it a long, time 
 after this.) fin a Garden here at Maldon, w'as 
 found a gold Roman Coin, almoft as large as a 
 Guinea ; on one fide Nero, and on the reverfe 
 Agrippinay very exadtly wrought.1 
 
 During the Saxon government, we fcarce find 
 it nam’d j only Marianus informs us, that Ed- 
 ward, fon to King Alfred, repair’d Malduna, 914* 
 which had been ruin’d in the D.mifli Wars, 
 and fortified it with a caftle. William the 
 Conqueror (as we read in Domefday) had in it 
 one hundred and eighty houfes, held by the Burgersy 
 and eighteen Manfions laid wafie. At prefent, for 
 largenefs and ilore of Inhabitants, it is juftly 
 reckon’d among the chief Towns of this Coun- 
 ty, and is call’d, in Law-language, the Borough Maldon-Bo- 
 of Maldon. It is a pretty convenient harbour, rough, 
 and for its bignefs populous enough j being 
 one long flreet, about a mile in length. 
 
 Six miles from Camalodunumy Antoninus fix- 
 eth the place which he calls Ad Anfam. lAiAnfam, 
 fhould guefs this to have been fome mark re- 
 lating to the bounds of that Colony, made in Bounds of the 
 the fhape of a handle. For I have read in Si~ Coloniss. 
 cuius Flaccus ; 'The fields that lay near the Colo- 
 nies were determind by feveral forts of bounds : in 
 the UntitSy there were placed for marks, fometimes 
 one thing, and fometimes another. In fome, a little 
 flatue of Mercury j in others a wine-vejfel , in others 
 a Spatula 1 in others a Rhombus, or figure in fhape 
 like a Lox^enge j and in fome, according to Vitalis 
 and Arcadius, a flagon or a jar. And why might 
 not Anfa be fuch a mark ? efpecially fince An- 
 toninus hath Ad Anfam, and not Anpe, accord- 
 ing to his ufual Style. What a Religious care 
 they took in fetting up their land-marks, I 
 Ihall in a ftiort digreffion deferibe out of the 
 G g g fame 
 
4^9 
 
 TRINOB ANTES. 
 
 4*^0 
 
 + Vid. Nor- fame Author, f For in ordering and difpofing 
 thainpton- _ lounds) firfi they brough the fiones nnd fit 
 
 them on the firm ground, nigh the place inhere they 
 eterum. dig holes, to fix them iyi. "Then they 
 
 adonid them with ointments, coverings, and gar- 
 lands. Having killed and [aerified a fpotlefs vtBim 
 on the hole where they were to fit them, they drop d 
 down the blood vn burning torches that were plaid in 
 the earth, nndfiattei'd incenfi and fruit upon them. 
 "They added to thefi, wine, honey-combs, and what- 
 ever elje was cufiomary in facrifices of this kind j 
 and when the fire had confimd all the provifion, 
 they pined the jione that was for the boundary on 
 the burning coals, and fo fafien’d it with all imagi- 
 nable care, treading-in [mail frag'ments of fiones 
 round about it, to make it the more firm. Where- 
 ever this flation Ad Aufam vas, I continue 
 in my former opinion about the name of it ", 
 That it vas either a boundary in that lliapc, 
 or fome Station or Inn on the road with tiiis 
 hgn and that, from the diftaiice, near Ogfisall 
 For they were no other than Boundaries or 
 Inns, which the Romans, after the fame form 
 of fpeech, cnllM, Ad Column<m, Ad Fines, Ad 
 tres T’abernas, Ad Rotam, Ad feplem Fratres, Ad 
 Aquilam minorem, Ad Herculem, &c. and there- 
 fore a longer enquiry into tltis matter Would 
 be time and pains thrown away to no pur- 
 pofe. 
 
 II Burton Hi A later writer imagins, that Ad Anfam 
 Comment, in might be written inffead of Ad Arcam : which, 
 Itinerar. if true, favours the foregoing conjedure ; be- 
 caufe Area was a monument alfo, fuch as they 
 fet up in the borders of fields, and obferv a 
 for limits. Hence we read in an old Glofl'ary, 
 Area, x?w/«c^TW)', i. e. the utmojl extent ofi pof- 
 fifions. And, as for the polition, fuppos a be- 
 
 *lbid. fore not to be far (rom Coggejhal * what has 
 fince happen’d in thofe parts, confirms his opi- 
 nion. By the road-fide w’as difeover’d an Hy- 
 pogaum or Grot, with arched work ,* wherein 
 was a lamp in a glafs vial, cover’d with a Ro- 
 man tile, whofe diameter was fourteen inches. 
 There were alfo fome urns and crocks, where- 
 in were afhes and bones. Among the reft, w'as 
 one of a polite and moft fine fubftance, refem- 
 bling rather Coral than red Earth, which had 
 this infeription upon the cover, Coccillim, per- 
 haps for Coccilli. M. that is, Coccilli Manibus. If 
 this Coccillus was fome Governour, who, under 
 Anmmus Pius, had the command of thefe pla- 
 + Funeral ces (as f Weaver imagins) it is poffible that 
 Monumeht. the prefent name Coggefhal may have ftill fome 
 remains of that. 
 
 Notwichftanding which, there is this obje- 
 ction ^gainft that conjedure. From Dunmow 
 (the old Cafaro 7 imgus) to Colonia or Colchefier, 
 there is a dired Port-w^ay which runs thro’ 
 Coggefhal. Now, if that had been the old Ad 
 AnJajn, it is unaccountable, Iiow the Itinerary 
 (which often takes a wide circuit to hook in 
 a town) fliould, ill the fifth Iter, pafs by this, 
 that lay in its road. What then, if wc fliould 
 pitch upon Wittha?n ? 'I'he dired road from 
 Cotnlretonium (or Bretton in Suffolk, ) the next 
 ftation before Ad Anfam (Iter p.) lies thro’ it : 
 and it ftands at an exad dii'tance from Cama- 
 lodunum (Maldon) which immediately follows 
 Ad Anfam in the Itinerary, vix>. fix Miles. 
 Befides, it does not want good evidences of its 
 Antiquity ; for, between the Church and the 
 Street, are ftill vifible the remains of a large 
 old Camp ,* tho’ much of the fortifications are 
 dug-down to make way for the plow, and a 
 road lies thro’ the midft of it. What Matthew 
 Weftminftcr has obferv’d, of a Caftle built there 
 by Edward the Elder about the year pi 2, or 
 914, and how, in the mean time/ he kept his 
 
 ' Court at Maldon i is a farther teftimony of its 
 Antiquity, fince ( as W'e obferv’d bqfare ) 
 the Saxon Nobility made choice of the forfa- 
 ken Camps of the Romans. If thefe arguments 
 be convincing, that Ad Anfam W'as at Wittham, 
 and that the ruinous Camp there, is the re- 
 mains of it i then it is probable, that the ftate- 
 ly Manour-place here in Fauburn, a mile di- 
 ftant from it, was formerly the Villa or Coun- 
 try-houfe of fome noble Roman. And what 
 renders the conjedure more plaufible, is a fil- 
 ver Coin of Demitian, difeover’d under the ve- 
 ry foundation of an old wall {built partly of 
 Roman brick) by the fervants of Edward Bul- 
 lock, Lord of the Manour.l 
 
 After this, the banks give entrance to the 
 falt-watcr in a large and moft pleafant bay, a- 
 bounding with the beft fort of Oyfters which 
 we call WaUfieot-Oyfiers. And left the Britifll Wallfleot- 
 fhore fliould be depriv’d of the Glory that be- Oyflers. 
 longs to it, I fanfy thofe to have been the very 
 fame, which, Pliny teJis us, ferv’d the Roman 
 Kitchins. For Mutian reckons our Britifll 
 Oyfters, in the third place after thofe of Ciz^kum, 
 in the following words j The Cizican are lar- 
 ger than the Lucrine, and fweeter than the Bri- 
 tilh. But neither at that rime, nor afterwards 
 when Sergius Orata brought the Lucrine Oyfiersuh,^, c. 
 into requeft, did the Britifh fhore (for fo he words 
 it) firve Rome. So that he feems to give pre- 
 heminence to the Britifh one. 
 
 Thefe are the fame, I believe, that Aufo- 
 nius calls mira ( wonderful, ) in that Verfe 
 of his to Paulinus : 
 
 Mira Caledonhis mnnunquani detegit afius. 
 
 The Britifll Tide does fometimes Wonders 
 fliow. 
 
 But to fpeak of thefe, and of the ftews or pits 
 on this fhore which they are preferv’d in, 
 would be a more proper fubjed for thofe, who, 
 by their exquifite- palate, are able to decide 
 Cricicifms in a Kitchin. 
 
 Into this Bay, among other rivers, runs the 
 Coin •, which, growing out of feveral fprings in. 
 the noith-part of the County, waflieth Hed- 
 ningham, or Hengham, commonly Heningham ', for- Heningban;. 
 merly a neat Caftle, and the ancient feat of 
 the Earls of Oxford. Oppofite to w'hich, on 
 the other fide of the river, lies Sihble-Heningham, 
 the birth-place (as I have been told) of the 
 famous fobn Hawkwood ; call’d corruptly by the 
 Italians Aucuth : By whom he was fo highly 
 admir’d for his military courage and condud, 
 chat the Senate of Florence, in token of his 
 extraordinary deferts, honour’d him with a 
 Statue on horfeback, and with a noble tomb, 
 for a perpetual teftimony of his valour and 
 fidelity. The Italians talk largely of his no- 
 ble Exploits, and Paulus Jovius celebrates them 
 in his Elogies. I fliali only fet down thefe 
 four Verfes of Julius Feroldus, concerning 
 him. 
 
 Hawkwood Anglomm decus, decus addite 
 genii 
 
 Italics, Italko prafidiumque folo. 
 
 Ut tumuli quondam Florentia, fic fimulachri 
 Virtutem ^jerjius donat honore tuam. 
 
 Hawkwood whom England boafts her ftouteft 
 fon. 
 
 And glad Italians their preferver own, 
 
 A ftately tomb as grateful Florence gave. 
 
 So learned ^orvius does thy Pidure fave. 
 
 [Near 
 
42 
 
 ESSEX. 
 
 Wetherfield. TNear is Wefherf eldy y^ hich in an 
 old Deed of Hugh Nevil^ is 'w ricten IVeresjieid, 
 'J'his Hugh was with King Rkimd the firft in 
 Ills Wars in the Holy Land, wijcre he flew a 
 L)'on, by an arrow-fliot, and by running him 
 thix)ugh with his fword ; w'hich gave ocCafion 
 -to that old Verfe, 
 
 Virihui Hugonis viris po it re Leonis- 
 
 The Lion’s flrcngth couragious Hugh ex- 
 cels. 
 
 4-22 
 
 *In tlie pof- Xo the nbovc-mentioned * Deed (which is 
 plain, according to the undeflgning 
 
 branch of that iirnP^icicy of thofe times,) is affix’d liis^Seal> 
 
 Family* wherein is exprefs’d the manner of this At- 
 chievement, and about which is written, Sigil- 
 lum Hugonis Nevil. 1 
 
 From Hmingham^ the Ccln keeps on itscourfe 
 Hawfled, through Havifiedy which was the feat of the 
 family of the Bourgehiers ; of whom Robert 
 Bourgehier was Chancellor of England in the 
 time of Edward the third, and from him an 
 honourable feries of Earls and Lords are dd- 
 fceiided. From hence, paffing through Ear/s- 
 Coin ( fo call’d from being the burying-place 
 of the Earls of Oxford ; where Aubrey de Vere 
 founded a fmall Convent, and himfelf took a 
 religious habit 5 ) it goes on to Coloniay which 
 * Dr. Gale Antoninus mentions, and makes a * difterent 
 makes them place from Colonia Camahdmi. Whether this 
 the lame, and deriv’d from the fame word lignify- 
 
 ing a Colony, or trom the river Coin, is uncer-, 
 tain. For my part, I am more inclin’d to the 
 latter, fince I have feen feveral little Towns 
 upon it, which, adding the name of Coin to 
 that of their refpeftive Lords, are call’d Earls- 
 Coln, IVakes-Coln, Coln-Engain, Whites-Coln. f But 
 Wakes Coin. it is alfo true, that it was ufual for the 
 wtto Coin* make new names, by adding their 
 
 p. 91. 
 
 Coknia, 
 
 EarlsColn. 
 
 Roman bricks aequilaterally fquare, like pa- Aubr. MS. 
 ving-bricks, but thinner and ibme huge thick 
 ones. It is likewife obfervable, chat the Tow- 
 ers and Churches are built of Roman bricks 
 
 And at an * Inn in the Market- *Thcp«««;. 
 place, the liable, as alfo the room above it, bead. 
 is of Roman building. There is likewife, iiip... . , 
 this Town, an ancient Houfe (fome of the Tranh No. 
 l»ck-parc of which, is Ro?;/< 372 -building, but the 255. 266. 
 front more modern,) whereon, in an Efcutchc- 
 on, are thefe Figures, lopo ; from whence it 
 hath been proved, that Numerals here in En- 
 gland are of longer Handing, than has been 
 generally fuppofed, and longer by forty three ibid N i?i 
 years, than appears from that other inferipti- ' ’ 
 
 on, in Numerals alfo, on a mantle-piece at 
 Hehndox in Northamptonfhire.l The Inhabi- 
 ^nts glory that Fl.-Julia Helena, mother tOHelena, mo- 
 ConB amine th^ Great, was born in this City, ther to* Con- 
 being daughter to King Coelus. And in 
 moryof the Croft wLich flie found, they bear 
 for their arms, a Crofs enragled betvoeen fhur 
 Crowns. Of her and of this City, tlius lings 
 Alexander NeAmrfi, though with no very lucky 
 vein : 
 
 Effulfit fydus vita, Colcellria lumen 
 Septeni Climatibm lux ra'diofa dedit. 
 
 Sydas erat Conflantinus, deals imperiak, 
 
 Semiit imk fiexo poplite Roma potens. 
 
 A liar of life in CohheBer appear’d, 
 
 Whofe glorious beams of light feven climates 
 lhar’d. 
 
 Illuftrious ConBantine the World’s great 
 Lord, 
 
 Whom proftrate Rome with awful fear 
 ador’di 
 
 The truth is, fhe was a woman of a moft 
 holy life, and of unweary ’d Diligence in pro- 
 
 ceapeep, bupb, &c. to part of the Roman one j pagating the Chrillian Faith: whence in old 
 and fo, Earls-Colne, IVakes-Colne, &c. which lnforiptions file is often Hik'd, PIISSIMA, 
 were probably of much later Being, might be! and VENERABILIS AUGUSTA, fin the 
 fo call’d, immediately from the river, as that reign of King ^ames the lirH, Thomas Lord 
 from the Colony. Why might not this be a Co-m^rae of Chich, was advanced to the honour 
 lony of the Londoners (as London-derry, of late of Yi{o.o\mtColcheBer, and afterwards, 2 Car. i, 
 years, in Ireland,) efpecially fince lacitus has to that of Earl Rivers ; upon whofe death, 
 particularly obferv’d, that London was a famous thefe honourable titles defeended to Sir John 
 
 Mart-town, and very populous ? If this be 
 allow’d, there is no doubt but that Adelphius de 
 Civitate Colonia Londincnjlum (one of the Bricifh 
 Bilhops at the firH Council of Arles) had his 
 * Seat here ; though it be deiiy’d by fome Lear- 
 ned Men, for no other reafon but an imagina- 
 ry fuppolition of a miHake committed by fome 
 ignorant I'ranfcriber.’l I’his City the Brirains 
 call’d Caer Colin, the Saxons Holeceapcep, fand 
 more anciently Eolneceapeep as in the Saxon- 
 Cokhefler. Annals 1 and we ColcheBer. It is a beautiful, 
 populous, and pleafant place, extended on the 
 brow of an hill from WeH to EaH, and fur- 
 rounded with walls, and adorn’d with fifteen 
 Churches j befides that large Clmrch which 
 Eudo, Sew'er to Henry the firH, built in ho- 
 *So fail?, Hour of St. ’^ohn ; * now turn’d into a private 
 ann.. 1607. houfe. In the middle of the City, Hands a 
 CaHle ready to drop w ith age : HiHorians re- 
 port it to have been buik by Edward fon to 
 iElfrcd, when he repair’d Co/c/«’/ 7 £r, which had 
 fuller’d very much in the w'ars. But that this 
 City flourilh’d exceedingly in the time of the 
 Romans, abundance of their Coins every day 
 found here, are a moH certain argument. I'ho’ 
 I have met with none more ancient than Gal- 
 Iknm viz., thefe of the ‘tetrki, ViBorini, Pojilni- 
 mm, C. Caraufius, Conjlankne, and the fucceeding 
 Emperois, fBefides which, here are alfo found old 
 
 t 
 
 Savage, Son of Sir T'homai, who had married 
 the eldeH daughter of the faid 'Thomas Lord 
 Darcie^ 
 
 Below this Town, where the Coin empties 
 it fell into the Sea, lies the little Town of St. 
 
 Ofeth ; the former name was Chk, fin the Saxon 
 
 Annals Eice ; 1 the prefent it receiv’d from 
 
 the holy St. OJith, who, devoting herg 
 
 felf entirely to the Service of God, and being Chic. 
 
 Habbed here by the Danifli Pirates, was by 
 
 our AnceHors eHeem’d a Saint. In memory of 
 
 her, Richard Bilhop of London about the year 
 
 1 1 20. buik a Religious houfe, and fill’d it 
 
 with Canons Regular. This fwas made an 
 
 Honour by Aft of Parliament in the year 
 
 of King Henry the eighth, andl f was the ^ jg c. 
 
 chief Seat of the Right honourable the Lords ’ 
 
 Darcy, Hiled of Chich, and advanced to gjfons Darcy 
 
 the dignity of Barons by Edward the fixth. of Chich. 
 
 [At fome diHance from the river is Lair- Mar- 
 
 ney, * fo call’d from the Lord Marney to whom * Borden 
 
 it belong’d, and who, with fome others of that MS. Eflex. 
 
 name, lie intcr’d in very fair tombs in the 
 
 Church there. 
 
 Upon the fea-coaH lies Merfey-lfland, Con-iy4erfey- 
 taining eight pariihes. It is a place of exceed- ffland. 
 ing great Hrength ; for which rcaibn the Parlia- 
 ment put in a choufand men to guard it from 
 being feiz’d by the Dutch, about the begin- 
 ning 
 
T RI NO B ANT ES. 
 
 423 
 
 
 ning of the Dutch-wars. Beyond this, to the 
 Great Clack- eaft, is Great Clackton, * where was fometime a 
 ton. ftately houfe of the Bifhops of London, and 
 
 * Norden. ^ Houfe is now fallen, and the 
 
 Park difpark’d.l 
 
 From Colchefler, the fliore thrufts it felf out a 
 Neffe. vaft way, toNcJfe-point, in Saxon SaOulphepnef]*. 
 
 What was once found hereabouts, let Ralph de 
 4 So fatd, Coggejhal tell you, who wrote f 3 50 years ago. In 
 ann, 1607. the time of King Richardi On the Jea-Jkore, in a Vil- 
 lage Edulfinefle, were found two teeth of a 
 
 Giant, of fuch a prodigious hignefs, that two hun- 
 dred of fuch teeth, as men ordinarily have now, 
 might be cut out of one of them, "fhefe I faw at 
 Cogflial, and handled, with great admiration.^ A- 
 Giants i^other, 1 know not what Gigantick reiique. 
 Bones of Gi- was dug-up near this place in the beginning 
 ants. of Queen Elizabeth, by the noble R. Candifo. 
 
 Nor fhall I deny, that there have been men 
 of fuch extraordinary bulk and flrength, as 
 to be accounted Prodigies ; whom God (as 
 St. Auftin tells us) produc’d in the World, to 
 fhew', that comelineis of body and largenefs of 
 feature, were not to be efteem’d among the 
 good things, bccaufe they were common to the 
 Wicked, with the Virtuous and-vReligious. 
 Yet we may juftly fufpedt, what Suetonius hath 
 obferv’d, that the v.aft joints and members of 
 great beafts, dug-up in other countries, and 
 in this kingdom too, have been called and re- 
 puted the bones of Giants. TThofe, particularly, 
 Phil Tranf mentioned, and others that 
 
 N. 274. * more lately found near Harwich, at 
 
 Wrabnefs ^ fmall Village called JVrabnefs, are fuppofed to 
 See below, be the Bones of Elephants j not only becaufe 
 they far furpafs the bignefs of the largeft Crea- 
 tures which we have in our Ifland at this day, 
 but alfo becaufe ( as hath been already ob- 
 ferv’d from the Roman Hilfories,) the Empe- 
 ror Claudius brought over abundance of Ele- 
 phants, in his Wars with the Britains.l 
 
 From the Nejfe-point, the ihore runs back by 
 little and lirtle to the Stour s mouth, famous 
 for a Sea-hght between the Saxons and Danes 
 in the year 884. fAnd I know nor, whether 
 Orwell lia* this, which is call’d Orwell-haven, might not 
 ven. be t]ie place which the Danes fail’d-up in the 
 
 loid, when they had a defign upon the 
 Hartford- kingdom of Mercia. The Saxon Annals call 
 ftire, and it Arwan \ and as it may not be unreafonable 
 yfrroro, in fuppofe that the true name of this harbour 
 Arwell, fo do we find, on one fide of 
 it, Harwich, and on the other fide, Arwerton. 
 But this by the by .1 
 
 Harewicb. Here fas I faid I is feated, Harewkh, a very 
 fafe harbour, as the name imports ; for the Sax- 
 on bajie-pic fignifies as much as a haven or 
 * Silas Tay- "^here an army lies, f* The Walls of this 
 lor’s Hifl. ofTown are for the moil part built, and the 
 HarwichjMS. Streets generally pitch’d, with a petrify ’d fort 
 of clay falling from the Cliffs thereabouts j 
 which tumbling down upon the fhore, and 
 being wafh’d by the Sea at high-water, is in 
 a fhort time turn’d into ftone. Some that are 
 new fallen, are as fof't as the clay in the Clift ; 
 others that have lain longer, crufted over and 
 hard : but if open’d or broken, the clay is ftiil 
 foft in the middle. Others that liave lain 
 longeil, are petrify ’d to the very heart : And 
 the like Petrification is made of wood as W’ell 
 as clay j a large piece whereof fent from hence, 
 is referved in the Repofitory of the Royal So- 
 Philof Tranf after all, it hath been made a 
 N. 291. queftion of late, w'hether this hardnefs of the 
 Clay is ow'ing at all to Petrification, and is 
 not really its natural State. At the bottom of 
 the Clift, in a Stratum of Stone, are imbedded 
 
 divers Shells, as well of the Turbinate, as Bi- 
 valve kind. 
 
 Through the growth of the Marine ASlion 
 of England, this Place has been of great im- 
 portance to the Crown for fifty years paft, and 
 Hill is ; from its Conveniences for the ready 
 cleaning and refitting of Ships of War referr- 
 ing hither, and its capacity for New-ereftions, 
 to the degree of fecond and third Rates ; di- 
 vers whereof have been built here, to the great 
 accommodation of the State. Till the begin- 
 ning of the laft Century, the ufe generally 
 made of Colne-water (in the neighbourhood of 
 this place) was, the harbouring of the Royal 
 Navy j but by the foreraentioned more noble 
 ufe, this hath been laid afide and extinguifh’d. 
 
 In the feventh year of the reign of Queen 
 Anne, a Law was ena^ed for appointing Com- 
 miflioners to treat for fueh Lands, as fhould 
 be judged proper for the better fortifying of 
 this place, t(^ether with Portfmouth and Cha- 
 tham. 
 
 In the year i 58 p. Meinhardt Schonberg, 
 together with the title of Duke of Schonberg, 
 had alfo confer’d on him, by King William the 
 third, the title of Marquifs of Harwich. 
 
 Over-againft it at Langefon ( contradledLargertbrt. 
 from Land-guard-fort, which, tho’ it may feem 
 to be in Suft’olk, is uotwithftanding by the 
 Officers of his Majefly’s Ordnance in the 
 Tower of London, writ in Ejfex, according to 
 former Precedents,) are the Remains of an an- 
 cient fortification, w'hich fliew great labour and 
 antiquity. The line of it runs foutherly, from 
 a little without the town-gate to the Beacon- 
 hill-field, about the midfh of which is a round 
 artificial hill, call up probably either for pla- 
 cing their Standard on, or elfe for a T’umulm 
 over fome one of their Commanders deceas’d ; 
 for, that we find common in many parts of 
 England. Another work runs a-crofs from the 
 firft, eafterly ; but they are both broken off by 
 the encroachings of the Sea. 
 
 At PVarbnefs, near Harwich, in the yeai'phiior. Tranf 
 1701. were found bones of an extraordinary 274. 
 bignefs, fifteen or fixteen foot beneath the Sur- See betbre. 
 face of the Earth j fuppofed by thofe, who 
 have viewed and confidered them, to be the 
 bones of Elephants, as agreeing with * a late * Mullins 
 defeription thereof; and it being alfo certain AnatomicaJ 
 (as w'e juft now obferv’d) that Claudius 
 brought great numbers of them into Britain. 
 
 And the depth at which they were found, may 
 be accounted-for by the continual walhings 
 of the Soil, from the adjacent hills. 
 
 South of Harwich, are ‘thorp, Kirkby, and Wal- Thorp, 
 
 JOB, t included within the ancient Liberty call’d Kirkb/, 
 the Liberty of the Stoke. In thefe, no man niay^^fo"- , 
 be arrefted by any kind of Procefs, but of EiTex kis" * 
 Bailiff' of the Liberty ; and not by him, but 
 with the confeiit ot the Lord, firft obtain’d. 
 
 The Sheriff' hath no power within this Liber- 
 ty, in any caufe whatfoever ; but the B.ailift* 
 executeth all matters as if he had Vifcountile 
 Authority .1 
 
 The Stour parteth Effex and Suffolk ,* f and 
 in the fourth year of the reign of Queen Anne, Cap. 15. 
 an Ad of Parliament palled for the making 
 it navigable from Maningtre in this County to 
 Sudbury in Suffolk.] On this fide, it runs by no 
 Place, except fome fat paftures. But not far 
 from the fpring of this river ftands Bumfted, Bu.nflcd. 
 which the tamily of the Helfons held by Ba- 
 rony. And in that part of the county which 
 is oppofite to Cambridgefhire, lies Barklow, fa- Barklow. 
 mous for four great Barrows, fuch as our an-^*‘^ 
 ceftors us’d to raife to the memory of the Sol- 
 diers 
 
ESSEX. 
 
 42<J 
 
 WildcHt 
 
 dices who were kiU’d, in battel, and, a$ fomc 
 ig^ram rf-wiU have it, * whofo Remains could notother- 
 wii'e iiave been preferved. But wlien two o- 
 ^I'ficrant the fame place were fearch’d by dig- 
 
 F'*'* ^'ound three ftone Cof- 
 
 fins, and abundance of pieces of bones in 
 them. 'I'he Country-people have a tradition, 
 that tliey were rais’d after a battle with the 
 f Ehulum. Danes in that place. And the f Wall-wort or 
 Diiiarf-elder that grows hereabouts in great 
 plenty, and bears red berries, they call by no 
 Pancs-blood. C)ther .name but Danes-bkod, from the multi- 
 tude of Danes that were llain there. 
 
 Lo\ser, among the Fields ( which make a 
 pleafant fliowwith t\\Q Saffron,)is(i.'QXe<lWaldeny 
 a Market-town, call’d thence Sajfron-Walden, 
 [formerly Waldenbiirg, and afterwards Cheping- 
 Walden.l It was heretofore famous for a caftle 
 of the Miignavils, of w'hich, little remains at 
 prefent ; and for a fmall adjacent Monaftery, 
 Commonly ^vhich the Afagmvils, founders of it, lie in- 
 tailMiWaB- ter’d. Jeffrey de Magnaville was the firft that 
 itviEes. gave life to this place. For Maud the Em- 
 prefs gave him Newport, a pretty town in the 
 neighbourhood, in rhefe words, tranferib’d from 
 the Original Charter j For as much money as he 
 us’dto pay at the day cj myjatber Henry s death ; and 
 to remove the market oj Newport to bis caflle of 
 Walden, with all the cuftoms which before belong d to 
 the [aid tnarket, in T"od, Pajfage, and other Cujloms : 
 and that the ways of Newport, which lie near the 
 flme, be turn’d to Walden according to ctijlorn, upon 
 the ground forfeited to me and that the market at 
 Walden be kept on Sundays and 'Thurfdays, and that 
 there be a fair held in Walden, to begin On Whit- 
 fun-e've, and laft all the following week. (From 
 this Market the place w'as long call’d Cheppring- 
 Walden.) We read alfo in the Rcgifter of this 
 Abbey, as follows : tie appointed Walden as the 
 head of his Honour and of the whole County, and for 
 a feat for hbnfelf and his heirs. T'he place, where 
 he built the Monafiery, had great plenty of water, 
 which ran here continually from fprings that never 
 dried up. "The Sun vijits it very late in the morn- 
 ing, and forfakes it very foon in the evening, being 
 kept off by the hills on each fide. This place is 
 now call’d Audley-end, from 'riiomas Audley 
 Chancellor of England, who chang’d the Mo- 
 naftery into a dweiiing-houfe for himfelf. He 
 Baron Aud-was Created Baron Audley of Walden by Henry 
 leyoflf'a/- eighth, and left one daughter and heir, 
 Margaret, fecond wife to Thomas Howard 
 Duke of Norfolk j who had illue by her, T 7 jo- 
 ma^, William, EUz^abeth and Margaret. Tho- 
 mas, famous for his Naval Exploits, W’as fum- 
 mon’d to Parliament by Queen Elizabeth, Ann. 
 1587, by the name of Lord Howard of Walden. 
 And Ring James fthe iftl created him Earl of 
 Suffolk, and made him Lord Chamberlain. 
 Near whofe houfe, at Cheflerfbrd, there was a 
 much more ancient little city (hard by Icaldune, 
 in the very utmoft limits of the County ) 
 which now, from the old Burrough, the Coun- 
 try-people call Burrow-bank. There are only 
 the marks of fome ruin’d Place, and the plain 
 track of the walls. I fhall by no means af- 
 ♦Thiais fup-firm it to be the * Filld Faufiini which An- 
 pofedtoteSt.^.Qj^lny5mei-jtionsinthefe parts j fortho* 
 
 Mmundsbury, • 
 
 in Suffolk. ^ V . , . r . '7 . 
 
 Ingrati baud lati fpatia detinet campi 
 Sed rare vero, barbaroque latatur : 
 
 Burrow- 
 
 bank. 
 
 Of no vaft traflis of barren Land ’tis 
 proud, 
 
 But like true Country, innocently rude : 
 
 Yet I lliall not fo much as dream, that this 
 was the Villa FauHini deferibed in thefe and 
 
 :he ocher Verfes of the witty * Epigrammatift. *\iarcial 
 The Fields all about, as I have faid be- 
 fore, look very pleafant with Saffron. ForSaffroa. 
 in the month of July every third year, when 
 the roots have been taken up, and after twen- 
 ty days put under the turf again, about the 
 end of September, they fhoot forth a bluifli 
 flower, out of the midft whereof hang three 
 yellow chives of Saffron, which are gather’d in 
 the morning before Sun-rife, and being taken 
 out of the flower, are dried by a gentle fire. 
 
 And fo wonderful is the increafe, that from 
 every acre of ground, they gather eighty or 
 an hundred pounds of wet Saffron, which 
 when it is dry makes about twenty pounds. 
 
 And, w'hat is more to be admir’d, that ground 
 which hath born Saffron three years together, 
 will bear Barley very plentifully eighteen years 
 without dunging, and then will bear Saffron 
 again. fA mile weft from Walden, is Yf^riwy-Stcrbury-hlll. 
 hill } by which pafies the river Cam, anting in 
 the confines of EU'ex j and to which, by reafon 
 of its heighth, the ufual termination of dununi 
 doth well agree. From thefe two circumftan- 
 ftances, joined to the Antiquities found here 
 {viz^. a golden Coin of Claudius Csefar, and a 
 filver platter of antique work and fhape, to- 
 gether with its lying upon two military ways, 
 and the remains of Antiquity in the neigh- 
 bourhood, as, the Barrows at Barklow j the 
 Stone-Coffins full of burnt bones, in the fields 
 hard by ; abundance of Coins and Pavements ; 
 and the Forts at Chefierford, Cafile-Camps, and 
 Shedy-Camps : ) From all thefe, put together, 
 the Learned Annotator upon Antoninus con- 
 cludes, that this Place was the ancient Cama- 
 hdunum, and by confequence Colonia, or Colama, 
 as he reads it, which he makes the fame with 
 Camalodunum. For the removing whereof to 
 this place (viz. Sterbury-hill j ) befides the fore- 
 mentioned circumftances, and their agreement 
 with the defeription given by Tacitus ; he al- 
 ledges one conlideration more, which is, the 
 remarkable as well as pleafantnefs of 
 this Country ; fit, in thefe refpects, to be cho- 
 fen for the relidence of the Kings of the T'ri- 
 mbantes as Camalodunum was.l 
 
 More to the South lies Clavering, ^s'hich Barons of 
 Henry the fecond gave, with the title of Ba- Clavering, 
 ron, to Robert Fitscj-Koger, from whom the fa- 
 mily of the Euers are delcended. His pofteri- 
 ty tor a long time having, after the old w'ay, 
 taken for their firname the Chriftian-name of 
 their father (as, folm Fitz.-Robert, Robert Fitx.- 
 folm, &c j) at length, upon the command of 
 Edward the firft, they took the name of Cla^jering, See in Nor- 
 from this place. But of thefe, when we come chumbcrland. 
 to Northumberland. Here alfo Stanjled-Montfitchet 
 prefents it felf to our view ; which I muft not 
 pafs by in filence, fince it was formerly the 
 feat or Barony of the family of the Montfitchets,-2,2rom Mont- 
 who bore for Arms 'fbree Cbevorons Or in afitchet. 
 fhield gules, and were reckon’d among the chief A;- 
 of our Nobility. But the male-hue continued ■' 
 no farther, than to five Defcoiits j and then 
 the inheritance fell to three fifters ; _ Margaret, 
 wife to Hugh de Bolebec, Aveline wife to Wil- 
 liam de Fortibus Earl of Albermarle, and Phi- 
 lippa wife to Hugh Playz. The pofterity of The Playzes. 
 the laft, continued till within the memory of 
 our t Grandfathers, and ended in a daughter f So faid, 
 marry’d to Sir John Howard Knight; froma""* 
 whofe daughter, by George Vere, the Lords La- 
 timer and Wingfield are defeended. A little 
 lower ftands Hajlingbury, the feat of the Lords HafUngbury. 
 Morley ; of whom more in Norfolk. Adjoyn- 
 ing to this, is an old military Vallum, 
 call’d Wallbery j and more to the Eaft Barring- ® 
 
 H h h ton-had. 
 
427 
 
 TRINO B ANTES. 
 
 428 
 
 ton~halIy rhu-retoforel rlie feat of that eminent 
 family of the Barringtons, who, in the time 
 of King Stephen, were greatly enrich'd with 
 the eilate of the Lords Montfitcbet j and in the 
 * So faid, memory of our * fathers, a match with the 
 ann. 1607. daughter and coheir of Henry Po/e Lord Mon- 
 tacute, fon and heir to Margaret Countefs of 
 Salisbury, render’d them more illuftrious, by 
 an alliance with the royal blood. 
 
 After the Norman Conqueft, Maud the Em- 
 prefs, Lady of the Englijh, as fhe ufed to ftile 
 Earls of Ef-her felf^ created Geojf-rey de Magnaville or Man- 
 fe*. devil (fon of William, by Margaret heirefs to 
 
 11 Dapifiri. Eudo II the Sr^er) firft Earl of Eflex, that fhe 
 might fecure to her party a perfon of fo great 
 power, and experience in war. He, in the 
 civil w'ars under King Stephen, put an end 
 Regifler of to a troublefome life, in the field. It v^as he 
 Walden. ancient writers inform us) u'/jo, for his 
 
 nmny viUanous praihees, incur d the fntence of 
 Escommunkcition j under vchich, at the little toiun 
 of Burvjcll, he recewd a mortal wound in the head. 
 As he was juft expiring, fome Templars came in, 
 who put on hint the habit of their Order marked 
 wtth a red irofs j and when he was dead, carry d 
 hint away with them into their own precincis, the 
 old Temple at London, where, putting him into^ a 
 pipe of lead, they hanged hhn on a tree. To him 
 fuccceded his two fons Geoffrey and William, 
 both taken off without iflue. Afterwards King 
 john, in confidcration of a large fum of mo- 
 Fiti-Picrz, promoted Geoff'ey Fitz,-Picrz, of Ludgerfhal 
 Fetre^^* (Chief Jufticc, and a very wife and grave man,) 
 to this dignity. He had taken to wife Bea- 
 trice eldeft daughter to William de Say, defeend- 
 ed from the filler of Geoffrey de Magnavil firft 
 Earl of Ellex. A great monyd man (faith an 
 okl Author) and nsaftly rich ; who, with a round 
 fum of money, and many entreaties, made applica- 
 tion to the Bi/hop of Ely the Kings Juftice, and 
 laid claim to this Earldotn (in right of his wife, daugh- 
 ter of William brother to Geofrey de Say the eldeft 
 fon) by title of Inheritance. Who admitted him 
 into full feiz.in thereof, and demanded the promis’d 
 fum •, which he receiv’d within a little time, to put 
 into the King’s Exche^er. He, being thus adtnitted, 
 *Scriptis by the* Kings Letters Patents, held 
 
 and pojjefs’d this honour, and receiv’d the Homage 
 ojthofethat held of him by Knight’s fe>-vice. Geoffrey 
 and William, two fons of this Geoffrey Fitz- 
 Pierz, taking the firname of Magnavil or Man- 
 devil, enjoy'd this honour. The former of 
 thefe died young, being kill’d at a publick 
 RegiRer of yiiting. I'he other took part with Lewis of 
 Abbey"' France againft King John, and died without 
 iflue. Upon which, the honour came to 
 frey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, and Conftable 
 of England. For thus writes the Chronologer 
 of Walton-Abbey : In the year 1228. the fixth 
 of the Ides of January, William de Mandevil Earl 
 of Effex died, &c. In the fame year, Humfrey de 
 Bohun Earl of Hereford, and Conftable of England, 
 efpmfed Maud, daughter to Geoffrey Earl of Effex, 
 and fo fucceeded in that honour. But from the 
 publick Records it is evident, that Henry de 
 Bohun, father of this Humfrey, marry’d the 
 faid heirefs. And fuch a miftake might ealily 
 creep in j for in the Writers of that age, the 
 Chriflian-names are only marked with great 
 Letters j as, H. for Henry or Humfrey, G. for 
 Gilbert or Geoffrey, See. Of this family the 
 See tbe Earls heirs-male fucceeded in the dignity of Earls of 
 of Hereford. Hereford and Effex for a long time j w^hom I 
 have reckon’d up among the Earls of Hereford, 
 becaufe they wrote themfelves Earls of Hereford 
 and Effex. Eleanor eldell daughter to the laft 
 of the Bohuns, being given in marriage (with 
 file honour) to I’homas de Woodftock Duke of 
 
 Glocefter, had by him Anne, firft married to 
 Edmund Earl of Stafford, from whom fprang 
 the Dukes of Buckingham ; and then to Wil- 
 liam Bourgehier, to whom King Henry the fifth 
 gave the County of Ewe in Normandy. I'his 
 laft had by her Henry Bourgehier ’, advanced to 
 the dignity of Earl of E&x by Edward the 
 fourth. He was fucceeded by another Henry 
 his foil’s fon, who died in his old age by a fall 
 from his horfe, leaving iflue one only daugh- 
 ter, Anne ; who being laid afide. King Henry 
 the eighth (that he might make a new additi- 
 on to the honours of Thoma& Cromwell, who 
 had been his main afliftant in baffling the 
 Pope’s authority ;) made him, at the fame time, 
 
 Earl of Eflex, High Chamberlain of England, 
 and Knight of the Garter. Before this, for 
 his extraordinary prudence and dexterity, he 
 had made him Mafter of the Rolls, Secretary 
 of State, Baron Cromwell of Okeham, Vicar- 
 General to the King in Spiritual Matters, and 
 Lord Keeper : and all this in five years time. 
 
 But after five months enjoyment of his Earl- 
 dom, he (like moft great Favourites) conclu- 
 ded his feene very tragically, and loft his head 
 for treafon. The fame King promoted to the 
 Earldom of Elfex WiHiam Par, to whom he had 
 given in marriage Anne the only daughter and 
 heir of Henry Bourgehier. But he alfo dying with- 
 out iflue, Walter Devreux Vifeount Hereford, 
 whofe great grandmother was Cicely Bourg- 
 ehier lifter to Henry Bourgehier ( of whom we 
 fpoke but now,) receiv’d the honour of Earl 
 of Eflex by the flavour of Queen Elizabeth ; and 
 left it to his fon Robert, who being, on ac- 
 count of his natural Graces and Endowments, 
 highly in favour with that Excellent Princefs, 
 fail’d with fuch a fmooth and profperous gale 
 into Honours and Preferments, as to make it 
 the common hope and expeiftation of the King- 
 dom, that he would equal, if not exceed, the 
 greateft Charafters of his Anceftors. But at 
 laft, being carried away with ambition and 
 popularity, and endeavouring to outrun even 
 his own hopes, he hurried himfelf into de- 
 ftruftion : thus, many who condemn flow me- 
 thods, though fecure, chufe fudden and violent 
 ones to their own ruin. But his young fon Ro- 
 bert was reftor’d to full pofleflion of his fa- 
 ther’s honour by authority of Parliament, thro’ 
 the fpecial favour of f the fthen! moft Serene.^ Our pre- 
 Soveraign King James fthe firft ; and, be-fent, C. 
 ing twice marry’d, by his fecond wife had on- 
 ly iflue, Robert, who dy’d young. So that, de- 
 parting this life Sept. 14. 164^6. without iflue, 
 that honour became vacant ; till fhortly after 
 the Reftoration, King Charles the fecond crea- 
 ted Arthur Capel (Baron of Hadham and Vifeount 
 Maldon ) Earl of Effex whofe fon Algernom 
 ifucceeded to the fame Honours i and, dying in 
 the year 1710, was fucceeded therein by Wil- 
 liam his Son, the prefent Earl.l 
 
 I There are reckon d in this County 415 Parifb- 
 ‘ Churches. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Eflex. 
 
 Allium fylveftre bicorne flore ex herbaceo 
 albicante, cum triplici in fingulis petalis ftria 
 atro-purpurea. An Allium five Moly montanum 
 itertium C/«/ montanum bicorne, flore exalbi- 
 ido C. B. ? Wild Garlick with an herbaceous ftriate 
 '.flower. In a corn-field in Black-Notley call’d Weft- 
 field, adjoyning to Leezrlane, plentifully. This plant 
 is now almoft loft in this field. 
 
+29 
 
 ESSEX. 
 
 430 
 
 H. Alopecuros maxima AnglicapaludofaPan^. 
 'the greatefl En^lijb Alarjh Fox-tail-grafs. Said by 
 Lobel to grow in the moifl ditches near the river 
 T’hame^. 
 
 Argemone capitulo longiore glabro Morifon. 
 D, Plot, in Hifi. nat. Oxon. Smooth-headed baflard 
 Poppy. "This was found by Mr. Dale at Booking. 
 
 K. Atriplex maritima laciniata C. B. Jagged 
 Sea-Orrache. On the fandy {bores in Merfey-IJland 
 near Cokhejier plen^ully ; alfo on the fandy {bores at 
 Little-HoUand in lendring-Hundred, and elfewbere, 
 
 Atriplfx anguftitblia maritima dentata Hi{l. 
 m{i. p. ip3. An Atriplex anguftifolia laciniata 
 minor J. B. ? maritima anguftifoHa C. B. prod. ? 
 At Maldon by the river^ and on the banks of the 
 marfhes plentifully. 
 
 Auricula leporis minima J. B. An Bupleu- 
 rum minimum Col. Park. ? anguftiilimo folio 
 C B- ? ‘I'he leaji ^Hares-ear. At Maldon in the 
 mar{hes by the river-fide plentifully. 
 
 Clematis Daphnoides major C. B. major flore 
 cccruleo albo J. B. Daplinoides five perviuca ma- 
 jor Ger. IWh. latifolia five Vinca pervinca ma- 
 jor Park. Tlse greater Periwinkle. Found near Col- 
 che{ler by Dr. Bichardfon. ‘This plant I have found 
 out of gardens ; but being native of hot Countries^ and 
 fequent about MontpeBm-, Ifufpeii it may owe its ori- 
 ginal to fame plants weeded up and thrown out thence. 
 
 Clematis Daphnoides minor J. B. C. B. 
 Vinca pervinca Offtcinarum minor Ger. vulgaris 
 Park. Periwinkle. I have obferved it in fame fields 
 by the road-fide leading from IFittham to Kelvedon 
 in the hedges and among bufhes : alfo in a hedge by 
 the foot-way from Falburn-hall to Wittham^ and 
 elfewhere. 
 
 Cochlearia folio finuato C. B. vulgaris Park. 
 Britannica Ger. Englifh or common Sea-fcurvy-grafs. 
 It grows fo plentifully in the marfhes about Maldon, 
 that the common people gather it, and fend it about 
 to the markets above ten miles difiant, where it is 
 fold by meafure. 
 
 Crocus J. B. Ger. fativus C. B. verus fativus 
 Autumnalis Park. Saffron. It is planted and cul- 
 tivated in the fields about Walden, thence deno-^ 
 minated Saffron-Walden, plentifully. Of the cul- 
 ture whereof I fhall fay nothing, ref erring. the Reader 
 to what is above-written by Camden j and to the full 
 defcription thereof in the Philofophical FranfaBions. 
 
 Conferva paluftris Anglica, feu Filum raari- 
 num Anglicum. ^larfh-Fhread. In the marfh- 
 ditches about Maldon and elfewhere. 
 
 Cynogloffa folio virenti J. B. Cynogloflum 
 minus folio virente Ger. femper virens C. B. 
 Park. An Cynoglofia media altera virente folio, 
 rubro flore, montana frigidarum regionura Co/.? 
 I'he lejfer green-leav d Hounds-tongue. Between 
 Wittham and Kelvedon, but more plentifully about 
 Braxted by the way-fides. 
 
 Cyperus gramineus J. B. gramineus milia- 
 ceus Ger. Pleudo-cyperus miliaceus Park. Gra- 
 men cyperoides miliaceum C. B. Millet Cyperus- 
 grafs. By Bocking-river, at the corn-mill below the 
 town. 
 
 Cyperus rotundus litoreus inodorus Lob. J. B. 
 rotundus inodorus Anglicus C.B. rotundus ino- 
 dorus Ger. rotundus litoreus inodorus Angli- 
 cus Park. Round-rooted baflard Cyperus. Obferved 
 by Mr. Dale about Maldon plentifully. 
 
 Erica maritima Anglica fupina Park. Englifh 
 Cow Sea-heath. On fandy banks by the way-fide 
 going from Heybridge to Goldhanger ; alfo on the, 
 like banks in the marfhes about Iburrington in this 
 County : and elfewhere on the fea-coajls. 
 
 Gramen Avenaceum montanum, fpica fim- 
 plici, ariftis recurvis. Mountain Ont-grafs with a 
 /ingle [pike and refleBed awns. Found by Air. Dale 
 upon Bartlow-hills on the edge of Cambridgefijire. 
 This I take to be the fame with the Gramen Ave- 
 
 t 
 
 naceum glabrum panicula purpuro-arge.itea 
 fpleiidente of Mr. Doody : more firigofe, and with 
 a fingle fpike, by reafon oftJse drynejs and banemefs 
 of the place. See Middlefex. 
 
 Gramen caninum maritimum fpica foliacea 
 C. B. caninum maritimum alterum Ger. can. 
 marit. alterum longifis radicatum Park. Long- 
 rooted Sea-dogs-grafs with a foliaceous ear. Found 
 by Mr. Dale on the fhore in Merfey-I/land near 
 Cokhefier. 
 
 Gramen criftatum quadratum, feu quatuor in 
 fpica criftarum ordinibus. Square-eared crefied- 
 grafs. Found by Mr. Dale at Notley, among com. 
 
 Herba Paris. Herb-Paris or True-love. In 
 Chaulkney-wood feven miles from Cokhefier, and in 
 Saffron-Walden Ger. I have obferv d it in a lit- 
 tle wood call'd Lampit-grove belonging to Black- 
 Notley-haU. It is no very rare plant in woods, and 
 fometimes alfo in hedges, all England over. 
 
 Hieracium caftorei odore Monfpelienfium. Hi- 
 eracium Cichorei vel potius Steeles loiio hirfu- 
 tum Cat. Cant. Rough Hawkweed fmeking like Ca- 
 jhr. I found it Anno 1690. plentifully growing in 
 a field near my dwelling, belonging to the had, call’d 
 Stanfield, which bad lain a-while fince it woe plowed. 
 
 Juncusacutusmaricimus Anglicus Park. Eng- 
 lifiy Sea-hard-rufh. In the matffy grounds about 
 Maldon abundantly. 
 
 Lepidium latifolium C B. Lepid. Pauli J. B. 
 Pipericis feu Lepidium vulgare Park. Rhapha- 
 nus fyiveftris Officinarum, Lepidium ./Eginetas 
 Lobelio Ger. Dittander, Pepperwort. On the 
 cauffey leading to the Hitb-hridge at Cokhefier j 
 and at Heybridge near Maldon by the water- 
 (tde plentifully : as alfo at the Lime-kiln near Ful- 
 bridge. 
 
 S. Lathyri majoris fpecies flore rubente & 
 albido minor dumetorum , five Germanicus 
 J. B. T’be other great wild Lathyrus or coerlafling 
 Peafe. Found by Mr. Dale near Cafile-Campes, 
 in the hedges by the way t/mt leads from thence to 
 Bartlow. 
 
 Lathyrus filiqua hirfuta J. B. An Lathyrus 
 anguftifolius filiqua hirfuta C. B. Rougl)-codded 
 Cbkkeling. In the fields about Hockley and Ralegh, 
 and elfewhere in Rochford-Hundred. 
 
 Lychnis fylveftris annua fegetum flore dilute 
 rubente vel albo minimo. Sylv. alba fpica re- 
 flexa Bot. Monfp. arvenfis minor Anglica Park. 
 Little annual Corn-Campion with a fmall blufh 
 flower. In the corn-fields near Cokhefier obferv’d 
 by Mr. Dale. 
 
 Mentha anguftifolia fpicata glabra, folio ru- 
 gofiore, odore graviore. Spear-mint with a more 
 rugged leaf and firong feent. Found by Mr. Dale 
 befide Bocking-river, below the Failing-mill, in two 
 or three places. 
 
 Mentaflri aquatic! genus hirfutum, fpica la- 
 tiore J. B. Mentha paluftris folio obbiigo C. B. 
 Mentaftrum minus Ge-r. emac. hirfutum Park. 
 Water-mint, with a grojfer fpike. T/jis alfo was 
 firft found and fhewn to me by Mr. Dale near the 
 fame river a little above the Fulling-mill : fince, I 
 obferv’d it my felf in a ditch near the Corn-mill, 
 below the Fulling-mill plentifully. 
 
 Mentaftrum folio rngofo rotundiore fponta- 
 neum, flore fpicato, odore gravi J. B. Mentha 
 fylveftris rotundiore folio C. B. Menthaftrum 
 Ger. defer. Horfe-mint, or round-leav d wild mint. 
 In a moifl place of a little meadow adjoyning to 
 Fauburn-hall, the feat of my honoured Friend Ed- 
 ward Bullock Efquire. Found alfo by Mr. DaU 
 in a meadow behind the Alms-/ooufes at Great 
 Teldham plentifully. 
 
 Mentaftrum fpicatum folio longiore caiidi- 
 cante J. B. Mentha fylveftris folio longiore 
 C. B. Long-leaved Horfe-mint. Found by the fame 
 perfon in the fame meadow with the precedent. 
 
 ^ Orchis 
 
432 
 
 T RI NOB ANTES. 
 
 Orchis odorata mofchata five Monorchis C.B. 
 puiilla odorata Park, parva autumnalis lutea 
 y. B. T'he yellow Jweet or musk Orchis. In black 
 Motley on the greens oj a field belonging to the hall 
 tail’d M'air-fcld. 
 
 Orchis five 7 'cfticulus fphegodes hirfuto flore 
 C. B. fuctim reiercns, colorc rubiginofo J. B. 
 Sphcgodcs altera Park. TeRicuIus volpinus ma- 
 jor I'phegodes Humble-bee Satyrion with green 
 xoings. Solo iicco & glareofo i with the follow- 
 ing. 
 
 Orchis anthropophora oreades Col. anthropo- 
 phora oreades I'cemina Park, flore nudi homi- 
 nis effigiem reprarfentans C. B. Man-Orchis with 
 a jerrugineous and fometimes a green flower. Found 
 by Mr. Dale in an old gravel-pit at Balington near 
 Sudbury^ and in the borders of fame corn-flelds at 
 Belchamp-S. Paul towards Ovington in this County. 
 
 S. Peiicedanum vulgare. Common Hogs-Fennel. 
 Ill a wood belonging to IVahon at the Maje in Fen- 
 dring-lnindreck 
 
 Plantago aquatica minor ftellata Ger. emac. 
 aquatica minor muricata Park. Damafonium 
 ftellatum Dalechampii f. B. Plantago aquatica 
 fiellata C. B. Star-headed IVater- Plantain. In a 
 pond at Rumford towns-cnd towards London j and 
 a little on this flde Ilford. 
 
 Potamogiton pufillum maritimum gramineo 
 folio. Sea-Pondweed with grajfy leaves. In the 
 marjh-ditches about Maldon. 
 
 Potamogiton pufillum maritimum alterum, 
 feniinibus (ingulis longis pediculis infidentibus. 
 Another grafs-leavd Seu-Pondweed. In the marjh- 
 ditches befide the way lending from Maldon to Gold- 
 hanger. 
 
 'I'hkfpi Diofcoridis Ger. Drabx folio Park. 
 cum filiquis latis f. B. Treade-muflardi Penny- 
 treffe. I have found in plenty growing in the fields 
 near Wormingford s as alfo near St. Oflth in fen- 
 dring-hundred and in other places. 
 
 'Vhlapfi minus Ger. Nafturtium fylveftre 
 Ofyridis folio C B. Park. Kafiurtium fylveftre 
 J. Eauhini, Thlafpi anguftifolium Fuchfii f.B. 
 Marrow-leav d JVild-creffe. In maritimis : as at 
 Heybridge near Maldon copioufly. 
 
 Tithymalus platyphyllos Fuchfii, J. B. ar- 
 venfis latilolius Germanicus C B. peregrinus 
 Cliif. hijl. Broad-leav’ d ■ Spurge. Among com, but 
 more rarely. It grows fpontaneoufly in mine own 
 Orchard here at Black-Notly, coming up yearly of 
 its own [owing ; for it is an annual plant. 
 
 Tilia folio minore f.B. tcemina folio mi- 
 nore C. B. fcemina minor Park, fhe fmaU 
 fnootlj-leav d Lime or Linden-tree, call’d in fo?ne 
 Countries Baft, becaufe they make ropes of the bark 
 of it. Hereabouts it is call’d Pry. It is frequent 
 iti the hedges, all this part of the Country over. 
 
 Trifolium ftellatum glabrum Ger. emac. 
 Trifol. Dipfaci capitulis, nonnuUis, Teafel- 
 headed Trefoil. I have obfervd it by the water- 
 fde at Lighe ', and at little Holland in Tendring- 
 hundred plentifully. 
 
 Trifolium pumilum fupinum flofeulis longis 
 albis P. B. parvum album Monfpeifulanum 
 cum paucis floribus J. B. album tricoccum fub- 
 terraneum reticulatum Morifon. fubterraneum, 
 feu folliculos fub terram condens Magnol. Bot. 
 Monfp. Dwarf-Trfoil with long white flowers, hi- 
 ding its feed under-ground. In the road between 
 Burntwood and Brookfireet plentifully. 
 
 Trifolium filiquis Ornithopodii noftras. Small 
 Birdf 'oot-Trefoil. On Sandy-banks by the Sea-jide 
 at Tolesbury plentifully. 
 
 Turritis Ger. vulgatior J. B. Park. Braflica 
 fylveftris foliis integris & hifpidis C. B. 'Tower- 
 mujiard. On the. banks by the high-way-flde as you 
 go up the hill from Lexden towards Colchefier, and in 
 the fields on each fide the way. 
 
 it is to be noted, that thefe annual Plants may fame 
 years, by fome accident or- other, fpring up' of the feed, 
 and afterwards appear again. 
 
 To thefe I might add the four forts of Male-Feyn 
 deferib’d by Mr. Goodyer in Dr. fohnfons emacula- 
 ted Gerard, which are all common about Black-Motley 
 and Brain-tree, viz. 
 
 1. Filix mas non ramofa pinnulis dentatis. 
 Great-branched Male-Fern with indented leaves. 
 
 2. Filix mas non ramofa pinnulis latis den- 
 fis minutim dentatis. The mojl common Male- 
 Fern. 
 
 3. Filix mas non ramofa, pinnulis anguftis, 
 raris, profunde dentatis. Male-Fern with tbin- 
 fet deeply-indented leaves. There is a good figure of 
 a leaf of this in Dr. Plukenet’s Pbytograph. part 3. 
 Tab. 180. 
 
 4. Filix mas non ramofa pinnulis latis au- 
 riculatis fpinofis. Prickly Mate-Fern with auri- 
 culate leaves. 
 
 If you look upon thefe plants in their feveral 
 growths and ages, you may (as Mr. Goodyer faith 
 well) make many more forts of them : which I am 
 afraid hath been the occafion of deferibing more forts 
 than indeed there are in nature. 
 
 Eryngium marinum Ger. Park. J. S. Dod. Ad. . 
 Lob. cui Sc Acanos Plinii. Maritimum Sc Gefn. 
 hort. C. B. Sea-Holly or Eringo. This, being d 
 plant common enough on fandy fhores, I fbould not • 
 have mentioned, but that Colchefier is noted for 'the. 
 firfi inventing or praBifing the candying or conditing 
 of its roots i the manner whereof may be feen in Ge- 
 rard’s Herbal. 
 
 Hieracium latifolium Pannoiiicum primum 
 Cluf. Synonyma vide in Catal. Cantab. Broad- 
 leav d Hungarian Hawkweed. On Bartlow hills not 
 far from Linton in Cambridgefhire. 
 
 Gnaphalium parvum ramofiflimura, foliis an- 
 guftiflimis polyfpermon. Hifi.mfi. Small-branch’ d 
 narrow-leav d Cudweed, full of feed. Found by Mr. 
 Dale among corn in fandy grounds, about Caftle- 
 Heveningham plentifully. 
 
 Perfoliata vulgaris Ger. Park, vulgatifllma 
 feu arvenfis C. B. fii^liciter diiSa, vulgaris an- 
 nua J. B. Common Tborow-wax. Among the Corn 
 at Motley and elfewhere. 
 
 Tormentilla reptans alata D. Plot. Hifi. nat. 
 Oxon. Pentaphyllum minus viride, flore aureo 
 tetrapetalo, radiculas e geniculis in terram de- 
 mittens CreepingTormentillwith deeply- 
 
 indented leaves. In fome pafiures at Braintree. 
 
 Salix folio Amygdaline utrinque aurito, cor- 
 ticem fponte exuens. Almond-leavd Willow, that 
 cafis its bark. In an Ofier-hok near my dwelling at 
 Black-Motley. 
 
 Sonchus arborefeens alter Ger. emac. l$vis pa- 
 luftris altiflimus Cluf. The greatefi Marfh-tree Sow- 
 thifile. On the banks of the river Thames near 
 Blackwall. 
 
 Viola Martia hirfuta major inodora Morifon. 
 Viola Trachelii folio D. Merret. Great rough 
 Violet without feent. 
 
 Ribes nigrum vulgo didum folio olente J. B. 
 Black Currans or Squinancy-berries. By Braintree 
 river-fide near the bridge call’d the Hoppet- 
 bridge. 
 
+33 
 
 
 ^^^liiSfeiiSlii Ba ii 
 
 ^^P^'‘'^‘QP?P‘^qpQP^sPqp'qpqpqp'.::pqpqpqp^qpqpqp^qnqpqp^ 
 
 I C E N I. 
 
 HE Country next to the Trinobantes, caB’d afietviards Eaft-Anglia, and com- 
 prehending the Counties of Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridge, and Huntiugdon • 
 auar formerly inhabited by the Iceni {mifcall’d in feme Copies Tigeni „nd by 
 Ptolemy yet more corruptly Simeni.) [Not at if the bounds of Me, or any other 
 People of the Brttmns, could be nicely determin’d. For hmti can we hope exadly the /te«i. 
 to dtjtmgutjh them,' when our ancient Authors only deliver at large in tote quar- 
 ter of the Nation they were feated, without defending to their particular limits ? 
 
 Befides, mofi of the barbarous Nations feem {according to their frength at different 
 times) to have had Dominions larger or narrotoer : E specially, in Britain {where 
 , werefo many Kings) toe cannot imagin, but that they were frequently makim 
 
 fTOtem, can fafely conclude, is, that there is fjrce JpoffMity, 
 
 that the Bnup Dmjions Jhoiild include exaSUy fo many Countiesy fince the bounds of the Counties were fet 
 long after the Brttifb times by King Alfredy who no doubt had rather an eye to the convenience of the Kim- 
 domy than the exati limits of the Britains.l , ^ 
 
 1 ham been a long time of the Opinion, that by a mangling of the name Icciii, the very fame people 
 were call d in Cafar Cenimagni. To which J was indue dy as by the affinity of the names Iceni and 
 Ceuimagni, jo by comparing Cafar and T'adtus together. For the latter tells m, that the Cenimagni fur- 
 render d themjehes to the Romans : mwy that the Iceni did fo, Tacitus informs m in thefe words. On 
 their own accord, they came over to our fide. But what is of greatefi moment in this matter, is, 
 that a Manufeript divides the word Cenimagni, and reads it Ceni, Agni j for which I would willingly 
 put Iceni, Regni, if it might be done without the imputation of too great Liberty. Tfhns much is 
 certain, that you wtU never find ffe Cenimagni in any other part of Britain, if you make them a difiinfh 
 People from the Regni^iz^d Iceni. However, of the name Iceni there are feveral remains in thefe parts i 
 fuch as Ikenfworth, \ Ikworth,! Ikenthorpe, Ikborrow, Iken, Ikfning, Ichlingham, Hike, &c. and 
 that Confular way which led from hence, frequently calfd by the Chorographers of the lafl Age, ' Ichenild- Ichenild. 
 llreac, if onefhould fay, the ftreet of the Iceni. What the original of the name Jhould be, I dare 
 not fo much as guefs i unlefs one fhould derive it from the wedgy figure of the Country, as it lies upon 
 the Ocean, in form of a wedge. For the Britains in their language call a wedge, Iken j from which 
 figure a place in Wales by the lake Lhintegid, is call'd Lhan-yken ; and in the fame fenfe a little traHl 
 in Spain, is nam d Splien, i. e. a wedge (as Strabo obferves ; ) which yet does not fo well anfwer the Sphen, 
 figure of a wedge, as this of ours. 
 
 \But others aUedge, that Ptolemy's 'Tables, and modern Obfervations, have reprefented it rather under a ^ 
 (Quadrangular form ; and Sir Henry Spelman’j Opinion may feem more probable, that it comes from 
 the famous river Ife ; efpecially if the Britains call that Icheu. For thus (Jays he) in Alia, the In- 
 dians come from the river Indus ; in Greece, the Maonians from Maonia in Scythia, the Alani 
 from Alanus ; in Germany, the Alfatians from Alfa ; in France, the Sequani from Sequana. And 
 fo in England, the Derbyfhhe-inhabitants from Derwent -, the Lancaftrians from Lan or Lon i 
 the Northumbrians from Humber and Wiltfhire from the Willy. And as for the change of (s} 
 into (c), that may be eafily jufiify* d, if it be true that in Britifh, infiead of the Greek (o) they ufe 
 (ch); fo, Ichen /or ; Socii ^or j Buch for &c. 
 
 And as the Iceni may be well deriv'd from Ife, * fo this, in all probability, has it's name from that* Spelman’j 
 famous Heathen Goddefs Ifis. For who knows not, that the Heathens confecrated rivers, as well as woods 
 and mountains, to their Deities, and call'd them after their names ? And that Ceres and Proferpine 
 (otherwife call'd Ifis) two infernal Goddeffes, were worfhipped by the Britains, we have Strabo's Autho- 
 rity. Or if we had not, the accounts which we have left us of their cuftoms, iuould be fifficient to in- 
 form us of their worfhip. Upon this is grounded their preferring niglits to days, as alfo their compu- 
 tations of days by nights j of months, by moons j and of years, by winters. The remains of it 
 we keep to this day in our feven-night, /. e. feven days ; and fortnight, contraBed from fourteen- 
 night, i. e. fourteen days. 
 
 After Britain came to be a branch of the Roman Empire, and was divided into five parts, it is not 
 certain under which branch thefe Iceni were comprehended. They are generally plac’d under the Flavia 
 Csfarienfis, which feems agreeable enough to that divifion 5 but the Noticia of the Weftem Empire 
 places the Britannia fecunda where Ptolemy reckons up the Tribantes and Simeni j which lafl are, 
 no doubt, the fame with the Iceni.1 
 
 This People (as Tacitus fays) was flout and valiant, and after they^ had cafl themfelves upon the Pro- 
 teBion of the Romans, fuf ’er' d nothing by war till the time of Claxi^ixxs. But then, Oborins the Pro- 
 prator beginning to fortify the Pajfes with Cafiles, and to difarm the Britains, they got into a body and 
 made an infurreBion : the effeB whereof was this ; The Romans broke thorow the Works, within which 
 they had fortify' d themfelves, and fo they were fupprefs'd with great flaughter. In this engagement, there 
 happen'd many memorable exploits ; and M. Ofiorius, the Lieutenant's Jon, had honour of laving 
 a citizen. ‘That war being thus ended, fcarce thirteen years after there arofe a new Storm, upon this 
 
 I i i occafion. 
 
 t 
 
435 
 
 ICENl 
 
 43<S 
 
 nfrrS?r.W 
 
 my M m ' n ^ i,e ifl'ue was quite contrary ; for his kingdom was 
 
 Serry 1 Catmint fnd hi^LS: by fiavess^s if both hid been taken by ' force of 
 
 “uLtfe m /« wife Boodicia, oth^ifecaU'd Bunduica, ^as whifd, md daughters ra-.ifh'l'&o^S,. 
 aTJ the/ ^ ^hde auntry beftmaU ufo» them, there was mt a hadmg man a,m^ 
 
 1 ice. i^ u was turn’d out of the inheritance of his Anceflors ; md even the Roya Fam.ly was treated 
 t imer’ than flaves. Upon this ill ufage, and the apprehenjlons of worfe (face they were now reduced 
 nt t e iirm if a Province,) they take up arms, and inviting the Trinobantes ft, ch others as 
 
 Z m Z inur’d to flavor , to joyn with them, attempt tint recovay of then Ltbentes by tins fecret 
 IZiZtion ; urg’d on by a mortal hatred againji the Veterans. From tkje begmnmgs, there rob out a 
 
 IX* -Jh r,^nr ■ and it ii)xs farther hekl^tend by the avarice of Seneca.y who about that time exaiuiedsenen'sn^atj 
 ZhZfigZZppreffn * -w/fc had faafd together by mofiur^ufaoWs^. 
 
 Zd o pr!^ffZy. iZhis war, to give yZ thLhole ,n fart, Bjsdtcsec (whom Gtldas feems to*^^^^^_ 
 term ^Treaclwrous Lionefs) wife oj Prafutagus, flew eighty thoufand <f the Rom and thetr Aiies, ^f^^^ . 
 
 ra ’d the Colony of Camalodunum and the f jree-townoj Vcrulamium, routed the ninth Legion, OMdSf Munuipi- 
 PiZto Sight cLi Deciaiius the Procurator : but at lafl, being defectted by Paulinus Suetonius ,« « 
 imellbe ended her days with undaunted Courage, by a dofe of goyjon, as ■facitus will have it, but,^^^ 
 according to Dio, after a fit offidmefs. men this war was on foot, Xithilm tells us from Dto, thal ■ 
 ZiZains frinci ally ZfhiZ the Goddefs Vifiory unckr the name of Aniatts (s^iom a Creek 
 apT Zamir pL Ota Andrade,) and that in the grove confecrated to her, ^ 
 
 with the bigheft inhumanity. But yet the Britains at this day do not exprefi Vlflory by any fuch name , 
 nor Z jkh what it fauld meal unlefs, as the Latins had their Vidoria a vmceijdo, 
 quering ; the Sabines, their Vacuna. ab evacuando, from emptying ; the Greek then N<«« ^ ™ 
 i di, from refufing to give ground ; fo the Britains might have then Anarhaith/,o»! ovei throwing , 
 for by that word iy expfefs a fatal overthrow. But this by the by. From that time, no Author has 
 ine fyllable of the Iceni ; nor can we gather any thmg about them from Htflop, but that the Romany > 
 the Lline of their Empire, fet a new Officer to guard their fea-coaft, md the coaflsoffome other part ,\nlLn.t. 
 againJl tl/ piracies ofi Saxons, and ftil’dhim Count of the Saxon-fhore in Britain, as we ob- 
 
 ^ZmZhi this people had another of their own name about Worcefterlhire Stafcrdihire 
 * Dr Plot has endeavoured to prove) is not our bufmefs to emputre, in this place. I rnufl confejs, 
 thataclmi of the Proprietor Oftorius (which is mention d above, as undertaken agamfl thoje itau) 
 feems to have beat f urther weftward, than their bounds reach’d. For the next -accounts we bar of 
 their army, aftn they had fettled things there, is among the Cangi, he. about Cheihire Deliby- 
 fhire. The Army was led into the Cangi, Jays f Tfacims : and. Now they were marched not far + ^ 
 
 from the Sea which is within fight of Ireland.1 a a t 
 
 After the Saxcms had fettled their Heptarchy, this Province fett to the kingdom of the Eaft- Angles ■, 
 which, from its eafterly fuuation, they call’d in fAc/r ow«- earcansie-pyc, i. e. * ,, 
 
 of the Eafi-Angles. Tie firfl King it had, was Ufta ; and from hm, its fucaffors were fa a ^ J 
 time call’d Uff-kines, who feem to have fometimes || heldunder the Kings of the Mercians, || Bmcficfi 
 
 imder thofe of Kent., that line failing in St. Edmund, the Danes over-ran tlx Ountry, mi fa pfty 
 years together harrafs’d and affliSed it with all tlx mif cries of war ; tiU at lafl Edward the elder 
 , 7 ..^ .!■ , 1 . .. —j I, Jr n-f fhp L1/pfi~.^axons. F/om that tme, tt baa its 
 
 ymrs tomher harrajs d and aZUtied it with an the rmjeries oj wax , uh ub luj* ...w e. - 
 
 the better of them, and added it to his own kingdom of \ the mfl-Saxons. From tm tme, 
 
 Deputs-Governours j which honour, about the comtng'in of the Normans, was held by one Kalpn, « Ralph Gta 
 
 in Little-Britain in France. He was a man of treacherous principles ; and, getting together great mmbers 
 of people, under pretence of celebrating his marriage, enter’d into a viUamus cmjpiracy agamft mumm ti,e ps. 
 the Conqueror. But where fo many were privy to it, it was in vain to hope fa fecrecy. So, . 
 
 mauer was difeover’d, himfelf was depriv’d of his honour and attainted, and atlxrs were beheaiei. 
 
 But a more particular account of tixfe. matters belong to Hiftoriaxs : let us profecute our M'fa ,|,j bs 
 
 proceed to Places, What fort of Country this was, learn from Abbo Floriacenfis. who fiounflJ ct «st,Ed.mr 
 the year of Chrift pyo. and has thus deferib’d it ; This part, which is call'd Eafl-smgle, as upon _ 
 other accounts it is very noble, fo particularly, becaufe of it s being water d almolt on 
 lidcs. On the South-eaft and Eaft fides, it is encompafs’d by the Ocean; on the nortn, by 
 I.S . <-rra fotic n.-lnje'h l-»prrinnincr fllmoft in the heart of the Iflandj do, by reafon ot the eveti- 
 
 iiaes. tne oouui-eau juiu uait uuco, n. 
 
 la'ge and wet fens, which beginning almofl in the heart lwv - 
 
 ne^ of tlie ground, for a hundred miles and more, defeend in great rivers into the iea. 
 t-laa T.ron- i-Iio Pfnuinrp is iovn*d to the reft of t 
 
 nefs of the ground, for a hundred miles and more, aelcena in great nvtrj) imo luc 
 O n the weft, the Province is joyn*d to the reft of the Iftand, and therefore may be ent^d 
 fbylandil but left it ftiould be molefted with frequent incurfions of the enemy, it is ^ j- 
 tify’d with an | earthen rampirc like a high wall, and with a ditch.- The inner parts ot 
 are a pretty rich foil, which is made exceeding pleafant by gardens and groves; and render di/ii. 
 agreeable by it’s convenience for hunting ; famous alfo for pafturage, and abounding witti 
 fheep and all forts of cattle. I do not infill upon its KtveTSy as aftording plenty ot Fiflyy con 
 fidering that a tongue of the fea as it were licks it on one fide ; and on the other, the large 
 fens make a prodigious number of lakes two or three miles^ over. Thefe fens accommodate 
 great numbers of Monks with their defir’d retirement and folitude ; with which being enclos d, 
 they have no occafion for the privacy of a Wildernefs. TZbus far Abbo. 
 
 SOUTH- 
 
Um 
 
 Cul/vrt/l 
 
 Thetfoiftl 
 
 ^ , _ Ga^orp 
 
 £iJUsv’t>rth CiiriiiiihiiK^-'^^-^b^-:-^^ . 
 
 \^raktnf’<tm j^op^„ jf^- 
 :• ‘TakhnAaryt -,,,. , 
 
 ■; _• \ Jiepu^arth ^ , \i - !l 
 
 ja:. T^r/M,^.-& .Vj f ^ 
 
 7 /Wfe« lA/-./ Bucteidale | 
 
 
 ••■ 'Tfiomhitm Viir. «i' 
 
 •• Ty'rnfmm 
 QiJ’'; Uartin 
 
 P.tkenka 
 
 Thurston 
 
 ^ * -B.iJuvIrish 
 
 SJtou:L.v/.tlo 7 i .• 
 
 ,4 V liapistun 5. *• ,-• •• '.•■■' 'L't;,' "I 
 
 I fr JfKrtt^fl ! A*fJ . - fir . 4i * //j f ■ 
 
 ^ /-SAv/ 
 
 Ziiincffu 
 
 ^-Jhamham muTT '! 
 
 ^ -J^l'tckham 
 
 L V /- •it'll-’ 7 ^ Tfiati'irt- 
 
 j •»»'*'■ 4 :^ 3 ,'-.. '-V a«,oi"^ iTin 
 
 if.Sfc^XD'UClilD^TRiHiJjA.i'/aujar/ k"’"-^" ■B--IS--J 
 
 ' ^ -T Thstotk cSc ^ TLf J 1 L 
 
 .a-Asrtpn Pfucr J '' ■h'l^''-'' JMenctieiham 
 
 a^u.,Aam~ Hr - '^•■■■■'^^#^ ^"' ^ 
 
 “ 3 ^ • / - T ■•X---H 
 
 Af/A//..y^m -^Cowbn<, ^.LL-Jiun, ., } . ' \'^ .Br.ul pM S Cion 
 
 i‘ii'.'- pi \ c- ’j '•oil' -Br.iJfieM J / (1 .ul i< 
 
 „ ...r- r ; \ - 
 
 T^ytartnham '^•''^> 
 
 o- V -O' •’ > 'FSritfuiiit 
 
 y^MuMmjham j >tU Saiuts 
 
 O ..-. .-."■--I.... 
 
 jhrkn ■ ... ^ 
 
 ^ ^t.2c ,r^nl\ BvR-ir lQ,^a J 
 
 ^CairjlfV jf^rmnjhtrtk,- _ 
 
 Onehautt^ 
 
 ^.tr/jiimk'.smu 
 
 .4 
 
 r <;/.// •.'it T|i 
 
 yYanlAJon 
 
 ‘. Qrp’amertan '— 
 
 
 -^rniMs 
 
 -i£Ziorp / 
 
 
 ,..•-•■^ 4 - !' 4 %, 
 
 -ilp/icti 
 Xaneliam 
 
 :Pcp,n^rd \ / 
 
 kO '^- 
 
 •ttlaw ■•.1'' '•.'''**^*- ^ 
 
 
 f a.-,j j^^ JE'YX) 02 vl| 
 
 vK 11 , u'/uicrKli_' ^^Slaekdnhat 
 
 }lm.-JCt-^ f\ . 
 
 pSFORD H^l \, V” 
 
 ’Va// __^..J/./k,m/ iJomerfFsm 
 
 
 , JiaTJta 
 
 jbiitim _ 
 
 ,--S A ..M r 0 ,ii 
 
 rjiyham^.^ 
 
 ^(Pi^iherholt ■ 
 
 — — 
 
yarmowtii 
 
 Melton GorUxtvr^bL 
 
 Tri ftton /J *^'7^2. \ 
 
 * \ 
 
 X ZT t'H INC \ 
 
 '^•SOLu-ts ZounJ I 
 
 1 % 7 fornintjJleert 
 
 * ; Cot^rt 36 r 
 
 \ L A N p H . 
 
 I SomerUuton ~^Ml“ndeJpn 
 
 ft * + _6 l 
 
 Jf -itt Gunton 
 
 Lejtotf 
 
 Aimioe Carltton '’ 
 
 A: Kirtlcti' 
 
 i Mutford ”h. 
 
 r ‘S ^‘fKinJn-.'fS H'iUmerham-^ GuUm J 
 
 Yg J- O R JJ ^yjiuyr. ,y' 
 
 Hr'^ G Rtdsham ‘ V ' /-•''''’''’''■&r^^ 
 
 - .ilsaint^ ' \ 
 
 '<ij^aret “ .-' ^ 
 
 ■^lamej 
 
 ^//iYV •■' Rii^-horou^lt 
 
 ..-■' Y U'iiset ': 
 
 Jttiiua. 
 
 ■ -y n 
 
 ■jneetAott' 
 
 Harleiion )/. 
 
 Ikjqshal 
 
 UYentht 
 
 .UenJhitm 
 
 JeaU al O.unondstvi 
 
 ireftJl 
 
 •jlohon 
 
 'nton 
 
 Zinsta'U pa 
 fruenfie/J / 
 
 MtnsteA ma. 
 
 •iVTortli 
 
 tlttrurfanl 
 
 £ttTton 
 
 Sltjpsrd 
 
 CratfteU ^ Ceketev 
 -.. 7 ’iiettvn , y 1 
 
 ■' i j _ ; T -^TZcrham 'f 9 
 
 a-J^nham 
 
 T Jn^uthZk , 
 
 "T ■„■ / ^ .m.-jan ^ \ 
 
 j t°i!tkM J '■ „,,a„ “ ) 
 
 'yk ThmJnn :kA-Mnjf!,U ^ 
 
 ^ ^ I '■ ji 
 
 ll•Jr^ll^uvr^T> 
 
 .yw / ,- 
 DebenW , 
 
 Aoi/doi 
 
 Bltthlmro 
 
 \ -Wenhaston 
 
 n\-rtt‘ 
 
 X^THI^JG . 
 
 iii( 
 
 >unwi( 
 
 MadduiL 
 
 Syyj -l'ZorMev - 
 
 iKebishal . ,, 
 
 \ V » UiJLeton '*■ 
 
 1 ■- 3l 
 
 
 
 ’tHa ' ' 
 
 i,"' xhavston 
 
 fSaxjmuiflJumt- .. -^ » 
 
 ’'^•O ( l 
 
 ' atn iin ^atM 
 
 , Ci'^ntsfard' 
 
 r yiHj;r.i.iK :geH 
 
 iiepnll . _ •' 
 
 •- ' '•'o-Mrutn. 
 
 \Glenht 
 
 JfeAnmjAiun 
 
 
 .IjhBocki 
 
 JZ>unintp*vrtk 
 
 IlHckham , 
 
 U J,nU.ind 
 
 , j-frt 7 ic^„/L 
 
 ■‘UrAum , o ; " O 
 ■Clirdon hi’t/tiJ'/Aiui 
 
 ■Mntdfie/d. 
 
 JuAhume 
 
 ESGV-TE Hui?., 
 
 , , ^ Ckl^IUj'fi>rU j 
 
 lenJlejh^. 
 
 Melton 
 
 •nj £' \ . 
 
 Oj^t Her t/esham 
 
 fl '^tfju^rpe/d 
 f-3rumfim 
 
 ^*. -'.•/..f.-eij-’t. 
 
 Stetton 
 
 '-JiHshmi 
 
 shamsham. 
 
 'Rammejhaltr 
 
 lOilPS-WtCH 
 
 ISni i- 
 
 •i^emlev 
 
 rf ^irtnn 
 ■■ \£ucklejham 
 
 C 0 x 1 NE s Hun 
 
 .ildertan 
 
 y^V'hefhtd 
 
 TijiiJS A 
 JiC,ll ^ 
 
 •^SentitvilAjdl 
 
 \Sau>dsej/ 
 
 Jdolhrok. 
 
 .drti^t.’ rton 
 
 Jiavksted Ar 
 
437 
 
 SUFFOLK. 
 
 43b 
 
 SOUTH-FOLK or SUFFOLK. 
 
 TJFFOLK (which is firft to 
 be defcrib’d') in Saxon 6u5- 
 pole, i.e. afouthernpeopky with 
 refpetS to Norfolk ; has on the 
 weft, Camhridgejhirei on the 
 fouth, ^the river SmiTy which 
 divides it from Ejfex j on the 
 eaft, the German Ocean ; and on the north, 
 two little rivers, Oufe the leafty and IVaveney. 
 Thefe two, flowing almoft out of the fame 
 fountain, run contrary ways, and divide it 
 from Norfolk.^ It is a country pretty large, and 
 well ftor*d with harbours i the foil (except to 
 the weft) is very fat, as being a compound oi 
 clay and marie. By this means, the fields are 
 every-where fruitful, and the paftures exceed- 
 ing good for fatting of cattel > fnot to men- 
 tion the vaft Improvement made in the eftates 
 of this County, by employing great quantities 
 of ground, in Turnips.l They make alfo vaft 
 Cheefe. numbers of Cheefe, which, to the great advan- 
 tage of the inhabitants, are carried into all 
 parts of England j nay, into Germany alfo, 
 with France and Spain, as Pantaleon Median has 
 told us, who fcruples not to compare them 
 with thofe of Placentia, both in colour and tafte : 
 But he was not one of Apkiuss nice-palated 
 fcholars. Nor do they want woods, and parks j 
 of the latter of which, feveral are joyn’d to 
 Koblemen’s houfes, and are well ftock*d with 
 Deer. 
 
 DMCon. The County, according to its political Di- 
 vilion, hath been branchM into three parts : 
 the firft call’d the Geldable, becaufe it pays geld 
 or tribute j the fecond, the Liberty of St, Edmund, 
 becaufe it belong’d to his Monaftery ; the third, 
 the Liberty of St, Ethelred, becaufe it belong’d to 
 Ely-Monaftery j to which our Kings formerly 
 granted feveral parcels of ground with Sack and 
 Soch (as the Ely-book exprefles it) -without any 
 referve either of ecclejiaftical or fecular jurifdiBion. 
 
 (But it is to be obferv’d, as to Ecclefiaflical 
 JurifdiAion, that that was not ufually grant- 
 ed, in thofe ancient times, by the Kings, but 
 by the Popes ; and, in faft, there appear not 
 the leaft foot-fteps, nor any pretences, of Exem- 
 ption from the ordinary Jurifdidion of the Bi- 
 * Ihop of Norwich, in any of the Churches or 
 Eftates belonging to the Church of Ely in this 
 County. The prefent general Divifion, is, The 
 Franchife or Liberty of St. Edmund, and the Geldable i 
 the firft containing the weftern part of theCoun- 
 ty, and the fecond the eaftern ; And thefe Divi- 
 fions are the more remarkable, becaufe at the 
 Affizes each of them furnifhes a diftinft Grand- 
 Jury.1 
 
 But now let us take a furvey of the parti- 
 culars ; and beginning at the weft, give an ac- 
 count of the more noted places. 
 
 On the weft, where it joins Cambridgefhire, 
 and in the very limits, lies/xK/»^, a place, for- 
 merly of greater note, than at prefent. For it 
 was made eminent, firft by the birth of Ethelred 
 the Virgin (daughter of King Anna) who was 
 canoniz’d i then, by the confpiracy of Ralph 
 Earl of the Eaft-Angles againft William the 
 Conqueror; and laftly, by the fVay, which 
 Harvey firft Biihop of Ely, made between this 
 place and Ely. But now it goes to decay by 
 K«vr*n 3 arket.the nearnefs of Ne-w-mar'ket, whichet all com- 
 modities are carry ’4 gteat abundance. That 
 
 this town of Ne-w-market is of late date, the 
 
 name it felf witneifes. It is fo fituated, that 
 
 the fouth-part belongs to Cambridgefhire, and 
 
 the north to Suffolk ; each whereof has * a fmall* EedeftoUm, 
 
 Church of its own, the latter f Parochial and 
 
 Inftitutive; but the former belonging to Ditton^° 
 
 ovDichm, as the Mother-Church. I have met 
 
 with nothing about it in my reading, bur that 
 
 under Henry the third Robert de Infula or L’ifle 
 
 gave one half of it to Richard de Argenton (from 
 
 whom the Alingtom are defeended) in Frank- 
 
 marriage with his daughter Cajjandra. 
 
 FThe Town hath not grown up by any manu- 
 facture, or particular commodity; but by the 
 convenience for Paffengers, and the advantage 
 of the Court. For it ftands in a Plain, very 
 commodious for hunting and horfe-races ; 
 which diverfions very often draw the Court 
 thither : and on Cambridge-fide, there is a 
 houfe built on purpofe for the reception of our 
 Kings.! 
 
 All round, as we have hinted, is the large 
 Plains fjuft now mention’d,! call’d from the 
 town New-market-heath, the foil whereof is fan-NewwiarJrtt« 
 dy and barren, but the furface green. Along 
 this, runs that wonderful Ditch, which the 
 vulgar (as if it had been drawn by the Devil) 
 call Devil’s-dike ; whereas, it is plain, it wasDevU’s-dik^ 
 one of thofe, wherewith (as Abbo informs us) 
 the inhabitants guarded themfelves againft the 
 incurfions of the enemy. But of this we will 
 fpeak more at large, when we come to Cara- 
 bridgefliire. Only, here let the Reader note 
 thus much, that the leaft of all thefe Fojfes or 
 Ditches is to be feen within two miles of this 
 place, being drawn between Snail-well and Moul- 
 ton. 
 
 More inward, is the famous St. Edmund’s- 
 
 bury, called in the Saxon age BeOepicpgueopOjbury. 
 and in the Britilh ( as it fhould feem ) Villa Fau. 
 Faufiini j which is mentioned by Antoninus, ftini. 
 
 For that was the opinion of Talbot, a very 
 good Antiquary, and particularly acquainted 
 with this part of England; fas being Preben- 
 dary of the Church of Norwich.'] The diftan- 
 ces too in Antoninus, both from Iciani and 
 Colonia, anfwer W'ell enough ; and as Villa 
 among the Latins imply ’d the houfe of a No- 
 bleman within his ow n grounds, fo did gueopb of 
 among the Saxons. For the above-mention^ 
 
 Abbo interprets Bederics-gneord by Bederici cor- 
 tis, or villa, i. e. BedericFs court, or his vilie or 
 farm- Befides, the Saxons feem to have ex- 
 prefs’d the fenfe and meaning of the word, 
 in their own language : for as Faujiinus in La- 
 tin implies Profperity, fo does Bederkk in Ger- 
 man ; as the learned Hadrianus Junius has ob- 
 ferved, where he interprets the name of Beto- 
 rix (who, according to Strabo, was the fonof 
 Melo Skamber) as if one Ihould fay, FuU oj hap- 
 pinejs and favour. But if thefe two be differeiit, 
 
 I frankly confefs my felf ignor.ant, either who 
 that Faujiinus, or this Bederkus, was. One 
 thinp I am fure of, that this was not the 
 Faujlini Villa deferib’d by Martial in the third 
 book of his Epigrams. And if I fhould fay, 
 that it was the VUle of that Berims, who 
 Dio obferves) was driven out of Britain, and^“^*^“* 
 perfuaded Claudius the Emperor to snake war 
 upon the inhabitants ; I fhould not believe 
 mv felf. But whether this place w'as the Vtlla 
 * Faujiini 
 
439 
 
 ICENL 
 
 440 
 
 Fauftini or not, it feems to have been very emi- 
 nent i fince at the firft planting oi' Ciiriitianity 
 in thofe parts. King Sigeberc built a Reli- 
 gious houfe here ; and Abbo calls it a Royal 
 VtUe. But when the body of the moft Chri- 
 flian King Edmund (whom the Danes had bar- 
 baroufly rack'd and tortur'd to death) was 
 tranflated hither, and a large CImrch with a won- 
 derjul cover of wood was built in honour of himj 
 then it began to be call'd St. Edmundsburyt and, 
 for fhortnefs, Bury, and flourifh’d exceedingly. 
 But moft of all, after King Canutus (to expiate 
 the facrilegious violence done to this Church 
 by his father Sueno) built it anew, very much 
 enrich'd it, offer’d his own Crown to the Ho- 
 ly Martyr, brought-in the Monks with their 
 Abbot, and beftow'd upon it many fair Eftates, 
 and, among others, this town entire. Whereupon, 
 the Monks governed here and adminifter d 
 Juftice by their Steward. For thisreafon, ^ofcelin 
 * Banimi * Brakeland, Monk of the place, fays : 'the 
 ’ men, as well without the burrougb as withinj are 
 ours, &c. and all within the Banna Leuca esiyoy 
 the fame liberty. Afterwards, Hervey an Abbot 
 of Norman defcent fis faid to havel encom- 
 pafs’d it with a wall, fome fmall remains 
 whereof are fUll to be feen ; fbut a perfon 
 well verfed in the Antiquities of this place, 
 affirms that there never was any fuch Abbot, 
 as Hervey. Indeed, in Abbot Anfelm's time, 
 Monafl. ^ Sacrifi of that name in this Mo- 
 
 1. p. 300. ' nailery .1 The Popes granted it very large Im- 
 munities and among other things, 'that this 
 a mes ur>. fhould not be in any thing fubjeB to the Bi- 
 , . fhop, but in lawful cafes fhould obey the Archbifbop t- 
 obferv’d to* it hath been un- 
 
 this day, C. der the Jurifdiction of the Bifhop of Norwich; 
 
 and it may be quellion'd, whether the Jurifdifti- 
 011 of the Archbifhop was provided for, in that 
 manner, when the Bifhop's was given away, 
 fo long before the Reformation j feeing the 
 Bulls of Exemption belonging to this Abbey 
 are as much againft the Jurifdidlion of the 
 Archbifhop, as the Bifhop ; and it appears, 
 that when fome of the Archbifhops, as Le- 
 gates, made attempts upon their privileges, the 
 Monks obtain'd other Refcripts, rellraining the 
 Archbifhops even under that charader, and 
 fubjeding the Abbey immediately to the Court 
 of Rome.l 
 
 And now the Monks abounding with wealth, 
 built a ftately new Church, which they were 
 continually enlarging. In the reign of Edward 
 the firft, in laying the foundation of a new 
 Everfden. Chapel, there were found (as Everjden, Monk of 
 the place, has told us) the walls of an old round 
 Church ; fo built, that the Altar had been about 
 the middle ; and we are of opinion (fo he adds) 
 II Ad opus, ^hat it is the very fame which was built at firft |1 to 
 the fervice of St. Edmund. But what fort of 
 town this is, and how large the Monaftery 
 was while it flood, learn of Leland, an eye- 
 witnefs. A City more neatly feated the Sun never 
 faw, fo curioujly doth it hang upon a gentle defcent, 
 with a little river on the eaft-fide ; twr a Monaftery 
 more noble, whether one conftders the endowments, 
 largenefs, or unparalleled magnificence. One might 
 think even the Monafiery alone, a City ; fo many 
 gates it has ( fome whereof are brafs, ) fo many 
 Towers, and a Church, than which nothing can be 
 more magnificent : as appendages to which, there are 
 three more, of admirable beauty and workmanfhipj 
 in the fame Church-yard. fNow, there are but 
 two Churches entire, St. Marys and St.^amei's ; 
 and the vaft ruins of a third, which was the 
 great Church in the Monaftery.! 
 
 If you enquire after the extent of its wealth, 
 it will be hard to give an account of the value 
 
 of thofe Gilts which were offer'd at the fingle 
 tomb of Sc. Edmund ; befides the Rents and 
 Effaces, to the yearly value of one thoufand 
 five hundred and lixty pounds. If I fhould par- 
 ticularly reckon up the quarrels that rofe now 
 and then between the Inhabitants and Monks 
 (who by their Steward govern'd the Town,) and 
 with what virulence they fought the deftrucli- 
 on of each other, the ftrangenefs of the relati- 
 on would deftroy its credit. But all this 
 Work, which had been fo long in growing, and 
 all chat Wealth, which had beeii fo many years 
 in getting, was deftroy *d and difpers'd, upon 
 the diffolucion of Monafteries by King Henry 
 the eighth ; who was mov'd to that Diflbluti- 
 on by a fee of Men, that (under the fpecious 
 pretence of reforming Religion,) prefer'd their 
 own private intereft and profit, before that of 
 their Prince and Country, yea, and even before 
 the glory of God. Yet the very carcafs of it's 
 ancient greatnefs hath fomething of beauty, 
 and the very ruins are fpkndid-, which, .wlieti 
 you fee, you cannot but both admire and com- 
 miferate. And (to take notice of this by the 
 way,) if England ever fuffer'd by the lofs of 
 any man, it was in this place. For that true 
 Father of his Country, Ilumfrey Duke of Glo- ffurnfm 
 cefter (a ftrid patron of Juftice, and one who Duke ctf do* 
 had improv’d his excellent natural Endowments«eftcr, 
 by a courfe of fevere ftudies,) after he had go- 
 vern'd the Kingdom under Henry the fixth, 
 for twenty five years together, with fo great 
 applaufe and commendation, that neither the 
 good could find reafon for complaints, nor the 
 bad for calumnies ; was cut off in this place 
 by the malice of Margaret of Lorain : who, 
 obferving her husband King Henry the fixth 
 to be of a low and narrow Spirit, fet about 
 this villanous contrivance, to get the manage- 
 ment of the government into her own hands. 
 
 But in the iffue, it was the greateft misfortune 
 that could have befallen either her or the King- 
 dom. For Normandy and Aquitain were pre- 
 fently loft upon it, and a moft lamentable Ci- 
 vil war rais’d in England. 
 
 [The Townis pleafantly fituated, and is much 
 reforted to by the Gentry of thefe parts j and 
 (to the great advantage and convenience of the 
 Inhabitants) an Aft of Parliament pafs’d in 
 the reign of King William the third, to makeii, 12 W. 3. 
 the river Lark navigable, as far as this«'i«- 
 place.! 
 
 Near St.Edtnundsbury, we fee {Great 
 tham, where, a few years fince, where found, in 
 digging, abundance of Potlherds and Platters • 
 of Roman Earth, fome of which had Infcrip- 
 cions upon them ; as alfo Coals, Bones of 
 Sheep, Oxen, <bc, with many horns, a facri- 
 ficing Knife, and Afhes and Urns : And alfo! 
 
 Rufhbrok, the feat of the famous and Knightly 
 Family of the “Jermins f (advanced in the reign 
 of King Charles the firft to the title of Barons, 
 and in that of King Charles the fecond to the 
 higher Honour of Earls j ) and now the Seat 
 of Sir Robert Davers Baronet, by marriage with 
 one of the daughters of that Family.! At a 
 little diftance from thence, is Ikefwortb, where Ikefworth, 
 was an old Priory founded by Gilbert Blund, aBlund. 
 perfon of great Honour, and Lord of Ikefworth : 
 his ifiue-male in the right line fail’d in IVil- 
 liam, flain in Henry the third's time at the 
 battle of Lewes ; who left his two fifters, Ag- 
 nes wife of William de Creketot, and Roifia wife 
 of Robert de Valoniis, his heirs, f The other Ikef- 
 worth or Ickworth, north-eaft from hence, is the 
 I Seat of the Hervies, and gives title to {fohn Lord 
 I Hervey, created a Baron of this Realm, by the 
 I title of Lord Hervey oilckworth^ and afterwardsad- 
 
 vanced 
 
44 i 
 
 SUFFOLK . 
 
 44a 
 
 feinham. 
 
 I173- 
 
 vaiiced to the more honourable title of Earl 
 of Brillol. This is reckon’d before, among the 
 places, which Hill retain fomewhat of the| 
 name of the Iceni. And what the late learned 
 *Dr Archdeacon of Canterbury obferv’cf, confirms 
 
 the Antiquity of the place, namely, that in his 
 memory a large pot of Roman money had 
 been found there. About IckUngham alfo, much ot 
 the fame fort is difcover’d , and it is faid, that 
 in digging through the DeviV s-ditch on New- 
 market-heatbf near hning^ they met with fome 
 ancient pieces. If they are Hill preferv’d, they 
 might probably afford us fome light, who were 
 the Authors of chat vaft work. A late Writer 
 affirms, that they bore the Infcriptions of di- 
 ffers Roman Emperors i but upon what autho- 
 rity, 1 know not.1 
 
 More to the north, is Fernham S. Genovef ; 
 memorable upon this account, that Richard Lu- 
 cy Chief Juftice of England, did here engage 
 Robert Earl of Leicefter in a pitch’d battle, and 
 flew above ten thoufand Flemings, whom he 
 had invited over for the deffrudtion of his 
 Country. In this neighbourhood, I obferv’d 
 two very neat feats : one built by the Kitjons 
 Heneravc. Knights, at Hengrave, formerly the polfeffion 
 ^ ’ of Edmund de Hengrave a famous Lawyer un- 
 
 Culfurth. del* Edward the firfti and the other at 
 N. Bacon, built by Sir Nicholas Knight, fon of chat 
 Kicholas Bacon Keeper of the Great Seal of 
 England, who for his fingular Wifdom, and 
 Judgment, was, whilft he liv’d, defervedly ac- 
 counted t Supports of this 
 
 Kingdom [but it is now the Seat of the Lord 
 Cornwallis.1 Not far from hence is Lidgate, a 
 fmall Village, but not to be omitted, becaufe 
 John Lidgate. it gave birth to John Lidgate the Monk, whole 
 Wit feems to have been form’d and model’d 
 by the very Mufes j the Beauties and Elegancies 
 of all kinds are fo lively exprefs’d in his En- 
 glilh Poetry. And thele are the places of note 
 on the weft-fide of Suffolk. 
 
 To the fouth, the river Stoury immediately 
 after it’s rife, enlarges it felf into a great Fen 
 Stourmerc. call’d Stourmere : but prcfently gathering it’; 
 
 waters within the banks, it runs firft by Clare, 
 a noble Village, which, befides it’sCaftle, now 
 Scoke.Clare. demolifh’d, gave the name of Clare to a very ho- 
 nourable family, defeended from Giflebert a 
 Norman Earl ; and the title of Duke to Leonel 
 fon of Edward the third, who, having taken a 
 wife out of this family, had the title ^of Duke 
 of Clarence beftowM upon him ^by his father. 
 4 For from this place he was call d Duke of Cla- 
 rence (as, before, the poffericy of Giflebert were 
 HlbaPom-ftil’d Earls of Clare) and dying at ] Longuevid 
 
 4 i 
 
 icjiinis. 
 
 Lidgate. 
 
 peia. 
 
 in Italy* after he had taken for his fecond 
 wife the daughter of Galeacius Vifeount of 
 Milan, lies bury’d here in the Collegiate Church j 
 as doth alfo Joanna de Acres daughter of Ed- 
 ward the firft, wife to Gilbert the fecond de 
 Clare who was Earl of Glocefler. It is poffi- 
 ble, the Reader may expeft, that I fhould here 
 give an account of the Earls of Clare and Dukes 
 of Clarence, confidering they have always made 
 an honourable figure in this Kingdom j and 1 
 will do it in fhort, for fear any Ihould feek it 
 in vain. Richard, fon of Giflebert Earl of 
 * Ev:e in Normandy, w’as a foldier under Wil- 
 liam the Conqueror, when he came over into 
 England, from whom he had the villages of 
 Clare and Tunbridge. He had four fons, Gifle- 
 bert, Roger, ILLalter, and Robert from whom the 
 Guil. Qeme^FitL-Walters are defeended. Giflebert, by the 
 tic. l.7.c.37.£iaughter of the Earl of Clermont had Richard, 
 who fucceeded him, and Giflebert, from whom 
 was defeended the famous Richard Earl 
 of Pembroke, Conqueror of Ireland ; an( 
 
 Eirls of 
 Clare. 
 
 * Auceniis. 
 Augy. 
 
 PFalter. Richard the eldeft being flain by the Rob. Mon- 
 Weifh, left tw'O fons, Gilbert and Roger. tenfis. 
 bert, under King Stephen, was Earl of Hert- 
 ford j notwithflanding which, both he and his 
 fuccelfors, from this their chief feat, were com- 
 monly {fil’d, and wrote themfelves, de Clare. 
 
 He dying without ilfue, was fucceeded by his 
 brother Roger, whofe fon Richard marry ’d A- 
 mteia daughter and coheir of William Earl of 
 Glocefter ; and, in her right, his pofte- 
 rity were Earls of Glocefter ; whom you may 
 find in their proper place. But at laft, upon 
 default of heir-male, Leonel third fon of Ed- 
 ■ard the third (who had marry’d Eliz^abeth, 
 daughter and foie heir of William de Burgo Earl 
 of Ulfter by Eliz^abeth Clare) was honour’d by 
 his father with the new title of Duke of Cla- 
 But he having one only daughter call’d 
 Philippa, wife of Edmund Mortimer Earl of 
 March, and no iflue-male -, King Henry the 
 fourth created his younger fon Thomas Duke 
 of Clarence, who was Governour of Norman- ^ukes of Cla- 
 dy, and, in an Engagement of the Scots 
 French, was fiain in Anjou, leaving no iiVue 
 behind him. A confiderable time after, Ed- 
 ward the fourth conferr’d this honour upon 
 George his brother, whom, after bitter quarrels 1421. 
 and a moft inveterate hatred, he had receiv’d 
 into favour : yet for all that, he at length dif- 
 patch’d him in prifon, ordering him to be 
 drown’d ( as the report commonly goes ) | in+Iy dolio^ 
 a butt of Malmefej. Thus is it in the nature 
 of man, to hate tor ever thofe they fear and 
 thofe they contend with to fuch degrees of 
 Violence ; even though they be Brethren. 
 fThis place hath of later days given the title 
 of Earl to Sir John Holies Lord Houghton of 
 Houghton, advanc’d to this dignity Novem. 2. 
 
 22 Jac. I. He was fucceeded by John his fon, 
 and Gilbert his grandfon, whofe eldeft foil John, 
 by the favour of King William the third, en- 
 joy’d this dignity under the title of MarquefSpj^.,^j.^p|^^ 
 of Clare. Not far from Clare, is Honedon, where, xranr. No. 
 in the year i 58 y, the Sexton (digging a Grave 1S9. 203. 
 in the Church-yard) met with a great quaii-Honedon. 
 tity of Saxon Coins.! 
 
 From Clare, the Stour runs by Long-Melford, Long-Md- 
 beautiful Hofpital * lately built by that ex-Jord. 
 cellent perfon Sir William Cordall Knight, Ma- 
 Her of the Rolls ; to Sudbury, i. e. the Sudbury. 
 thm burrough, which it almoft encompafles. 
 
 The common opinion is, that this w'as_ once 
 the chief tow'ii of the County, and that it had 
 the name given it with refpedt to Noraskb, i. e. 
 the northern And indeed, at this day ic has 
 
 no reafon to give place to any of it’s neigh- 
 bours. For it fhas not only the pre-eminence 
 of giving title to one of the two Archdeaconries 
 of the County, and is the firft in place ; butl 
 is populous, and thrives exceedingly by the 
 Cloathing-trade : it’s chief Magiftrate alfo is 
 Mayor, who is annually chofen out ot the 
 feven Aldermen, fin the fourth year of C^een stat. 4 Anri 
 Anne, a Statute pafs’d in Parliament, to makec. i^. 
 the river navigable from the Town of Ma- 
 ningtre to this place.1 Not far from hence is 
 EdwardeBon, a place of no great note at pre- Edwardeftcfn, 
 fent,but,formerly,it had Lords of great honour 
 Inhabitants, call’d de Monte Caniflo, and com- 
 monly Mmt-chenJj. Of which family, Guann 
 
 powerful Earl of Pembroke; mlliam Mmpal, 
 and had by her a daughter, Joanna, who 
 brought to her husband WiUiam de V alrnua, ot 
 the family of wm 
 
 Earl of Pembroke, Guann Mont-d,en^^^ 
 
 he had great honours, fo hkewife had he a 
 
 . r . r fbof in rhofis 
 
 n as ne iiau • 
 
 ,d very plentiful fortune ; infomuch that in tnoii 
 ' Kkk 
 
4+3 
 
 ICENL 
 
 times he v ns call’d the Crajfus of England, his 
 IVill armimting to above tvoo hundred thoufand marks. 
 [Not tar from hence, upon the river Stour, is Bu- 
 evs, the place whore King Edmund was crown’d, 
 fl MS. in Bibl. as ([ Guljridus de Fontibus tells us t His words are 
 publ. Cant, rhefe : Being unanimoufly approved, they brought 
 him to Suffolk, and, in the Village called Burum, 
 made him King ; the Venerable Prelate Hirnibert 
 affifiing, and anointing and Confecrating Edmund to 
 be King. Nov), Burum is an ancient Royal Vill, 
 the knoirn bound betixieen Eafl-Scxe and Suftolk, 
 and Jituate upon the Stour, a river moji rapid both 
 in fummer and viinter. Which palfage is the 
 more obfervablc, bccaufe it fhews what we 
 are to underftand by Burva in Afl'erius’s life 
 of Alfred : tiiat it is not Bury, as the Chroni- 
 cle under Bromton’s name fuppofes j nor yet 
 Bnrne in Lincolnfhire, as hath been afferted ; 
 but this Bures, or Buers, as Matthew Weftmin- 
 iler calls it. This Galfrid to whom we owe 
 the difcovery, wrote betbre the year ii5d.l 
 
 A few miles from hence, the Stour is en- 
 creas’d by the little river Breton, which within 
 a fmall {pace runs by two Towns of Antiqui- 
 ty. At the head ot it, we fee Bretenham, a 
 little inconfiderable Town, without any appear- 
 * Vrbis. ance almoft * of a City : and yet that it is the 
 Combretoni- Combretonium, mention’d by Antoninus in rhofe 
 parts, is evident, both from the found and figni- 
 Bretcnham. fication of the name. For as Bretenham inEnglifh 
 implies a toivn or manjion upon the Breton J fo 
 does Combretonmn, in \Velfh, a valley or lovj place 
 upon the Breton. But this, in the Peutegerian 
 I'ables, is falfly call’d Comvetronum and Ad Co- 
 vecin. A little way from hence to the eaft, 
 Barons Went- is Nettlefied, from W'hence came the IVentworths, 
 whom King Henry the eighth honour’d with 
 fliire dignity of Barons : and neighbour to it 
 
 is Ojfton, i. e. the to-wn of Of a King of the 
 Mercians j where, upon a chalky hill, lie the 
 ruins of an old Caftle, which they tell you 
 was built by King Offa, after he had villa- 
 noully cut off Ethelbert King of the Eafr 
 Angles, and feiz’d liis Kingdom. Below this, 
 Hadley, is Hadley, in Saxon heablege, famous at this 
 day for making of woollen Cloaths, but men- 
 tion’d by our ancient Hiftorians on account of 
 Cutbrum, or Guthrum or Gormo, the Dane’s, being buried 
 Gormo the here. For when Alfred had brought him to 
 Dane. fuch terms, that he embrac’d Chriftianity, and 
 was baptiz’d, he affign’d him this trad of the. 
 Eajl-Augles, that he might (to ufe the words of 
 Malmsb faith Author) by a due Allegiance to the King, pro- 
 Scld. MS. teB thofe Countries as his ov:n Inheritance, which 
 he had before over-run with ravage and plun- 
 der. 
 
 From hence, the Breton runs into the Stour ; 
 whofe united ftreams flowing not far from 
 Bentky. Bentley, where the T'almaches, a famous and an- 
 cient family, flourilh’d a long time j do in a 
 Arwercon. few miles run near Arwerton, formerly the feat 
 of the famous family of the Bacons ; now of 
 the Parkers, who by the father are defeended 
 from the Barons Morley, and by the mother 
 from the Cakbrops, a very eminent family. Then 
 they flow into the Ocean •, and the river Or- 
 well or Gipping, joyning them juft at the 
 mouth, difeharges it {elf along with them. 
 
 This rifes in the very middle of the Coun- 
 Wulpett. ty> out of two Springs, one ne&r Wulpett,t\xk 
 other at a little Village call’d Gipping. PVulpett 
 is a Market-town, and lignifies in Latin Lu- 
 porumfo fa, i. e. a den of Wolves, if we believe 
 Neubrigenjis, who has parch’d up as formal a 
 * Vera nar- ^^ory about this place, as is the * True Narration 
 rado. of Lucian ; Namely, how two little green boys, 
 
 a long and tedious 
 6 * wandering through fubterraneous Caverns from 
 
 444 
 
 another world (i. e. from the Antipodes, and the 
 Land of St. Martin) at laft came up here. If 
 you would have the particulars of the ftory, 
 
 I refer you to the Author himfelf, * who will * q ’i, 
 tell you afetof the moil ridiculous Stories ritaSs”. 
 you ever heard or read. PFrom the forefaid.l'”.ia propil 
 derivation of Wulfett, and the Britifli Cidwm'“^'^' 
 fignifying alfo a den of Wohes, thelatef learn- . id,, q , 
 ed Annotator choofes rather to place the an- ' 
 cient Sitomagus here, than at Thetford ; alledging 
 moreover, that the numbers are better recon- 
 cil’d to this place, than to thetford ; and that 
 here are large and deep * ditches, which he.jjnj 
 conjeciures to have been the work of the Ro- " ' 
 mans.1 I know not whether I Ihould here ■ 
 take notice, into what vain and groundlefs 
 hopes of finding gold nc Norton hard by. King,, 
 
 Henry the eighth was drawn, by a credulous 
 kind of Avarice. But the diggings there fpeak 
 for me. Between the Gipping and Wulpett, on 
 a high hill, are the rem.ains of an old Caftle 
 call’d Havsghlee, in compafs about two acres. 
 
 Some will have this to h.ive been call’d Ha- 
 gmth-Caflk, which belong’d to Ralph * Hamncth. 
 and^wasinthe year 1173. taken and demo- Caftle. 
 lifh’d by Robert Earl of Leicefter. 
 
 Upon the fame river, are feen Stow and Need- 
 ham, fmall Market-towns ; and not far from 
 the bank, Hemingfion, wherein Baldwin le Pettour 
 (obferve the name) held Lands by Serjeanty (thus 
 an ancient Book exprefl'es it,) for which he was ^ 
 obligd every Chriflmca-day to perform before our 
 Lord the King of England, one Saltus, one Sufila- 
 tus, and one Bumbulus ,• or, as it is read in 
 another place, he held it by a Saltus, a Suf- 
 flus, mtd Pettus : that is (if I apprehend it 
 aright) he was to dance, make a noife with his 
 cheeks, and to let a fart. Such was the plain 
 jolly mirth of thofe days. It is alfo obferv’d, 
 that the Manour of Langhali belong’d to this 
 Fee. Nearer the mouth, I faw Ipfwich, for-, . ., 
 merly Gippewich, fin Saxon Dypej-pic,l a little**’"’"™' 
 City, and of a low fituation ; but as it were 
 the eye of this County. It has a pretty com- 
 modious harbour, has been fortify ’d with a 
 ditch and rampire, has a (great trade, and is 4. s'm beW 
 very populous; ‘having been adorn’d with*„. 
 (fourteen Churches, ftwclve whereof do ftill, 
 remain, with St. George’s Chapel, and thel„„ 
 rums of a Parilh-Church now decay’d,)! .and 
 alfo with large llately private buildings, I pafs 
 by the four Religious houfes, now demolilh’d : 
 fit is faid, they ftlew the ruins of fix or feven ; 
 one whereof, viz, Chrifl-Church, is converted * 
 into a manfion-houfe ; another is employ’d for 
 a place of Judicature, with a Gaol, where the 
 Quarter-Seffions are held for .(>/w!V/j-Divifion ; 
 and .another is made a Free-fehool (with an 
 Hofpital,) having alfo the conveniency of a 
 very good Library.l I alfo pafs by the mag- 
 nificent College begun by Cardinal IFol/ey, a 
 butcher’s fan, and born in this place ; whofe 
 vail Thoughts were always fill’d with extrava- 
 gant Projeas and Defigns. The Body Politick 
 of it (as I h.ave been told) confifts of twelve 
 Burgeffes (whom they call Penmen ; ) and out 
 of them two Bailiffs are annually chofen for 
 the chief M.agiftrates, end as mm‘j Juftices am 
 of twenty-four more. As to it’s Antiquity; as 
 far as my obfenation has carry ’d me, w'e heat 
 nothing of the name, before the DaniCIt Inva- 
 fion, which it fufficiently felt. In the year of 
 our Lord pp i . the Danes plunder’d this place, 
 and the whole coaft, with fuch cruelty and 
 barbarity, that Sirkius Archbifhep of Canter- 
 bury, and the Nobility of England, thought 
 it moft .idvifable to purchafe a Peace Of them 
 with ten thoufand pounds. But for all that, 
 
 before 
 

 SUFFOLK. 
 
 
 before nine years were at an end, they plun- 
 der’d this town a fecond time : whereupon, 
 the EngliHi prefently engag’d them with great 
 rcfolution ; but (as Henry of Huntingdon has 
 it) by the cowardice of one Angle perfon, Turkil 
 by name, our men -v^’ere to flight, and the 
 victory as it were dropM out of our hands. 
 Thus, do very fmall Accidents give ftrange 
 turns to the Events of war. In Edward the 
 Confeflor’s reign (as we find in Domefday- 
 book) Queen Edeva had tiuo parts of this towny 
 and Earl Guert a third ; and there were in it 
 eight hundred Burgefes who paid Cuftom to the King. 
 But when the Normans had poflefs’d them- 
 felves of England, they built a Caftle here 
 which Hugh Bigod held, for fome time, againft 
 Stephen the ufurping-King of England j but at 
 laft furrcndcr’d it. Now it is fo entirely gone, 
 that there is not left: fo much as the rubbifli 
 of it. Some are of opinion, that it Hood in 
 the adjoyning parifii of IVefierfeldy where ap- 
 pear the remains of a Caftle ; and tell you, 
 that this was alfo the fite of old Gippwk. I 
 fanfy, it was demolifti’d, when Henry the fe- 
 Waletor. cond levell’d Waleton, a neighbouring Caftle, 
 with the ground. For this was a harbour for 
 the Rebels i and here the three thoufand Fle- 
 mings landed, who were invited over by the 
 Nobility to affift againft him, when he fell 
 into that unlucky dcfign of making his fon 
 Henry an equal fliarer with him in the Go- 
 vernment ; and when the young man (who 
 knew not how to ftand fo high without run- 
 
 NauntonSy which Family came over with the 
 Conqueror, and gave name to a manour in 
 the neighbourhood, call’d to this day iVh«K?o«-Naunton*hall. 
 hall. And in this Priory-Church (now ufed 
 for the Parochial) are feveral ftately Monu- 
 ments ere(fted to perpetuate the memory of the 
 Nauntonsy Bovilesy and Wingfields, &c. Then 
 the ftream directs its courfe to Wickhanty^kkham. 
 where was anciently a marker, but it is now 
 loft. The Town however is ftill as big, as 
 many Markets, and in it the Spiritual Courts 
 are holden for the Archdeaconry of Suffolk .1 
 From thence it runs by Ufford, formerly theUfford; 
 feat of Robert de Ufford Earl of Suffolk j and on 
 the oppofite bank is Rendilis-ham, i, e. as BedeRendills- 
 interprets it, the home or manfion of ham. 
 
 where Redwald King of the Eaft-Angles com- 
 monly kept his Court. He was the firft of 
 all that Peoplfij who was baptiz’d and receiv’d 
 Chriftianity ; bnt afterwards, being feduc’d by 
 his wife, he had (as Bede expreiles it) in the 
 felf-fame Church, one Altar for the Religion of 
 Chriji, and another little Altar for the Sacrifices to 
 Devils. Suidhelmus alfo, King of the Eaft- 
 Angles, was afterwards baptiz’d in this place 
 by Cedda the Bifhop. 
 
 From hence, the river runs to fJ^oOii-Woodbridge. 
 
 bridge, a little town beautify ’d with neat 
 buildings, where at certain fet-times is the 
 Meeting for the Liberty oj St. Etheldred •, and, 
 after a courfe of few miles, the River is re- 
 ceiv’d by the Sea at Bawdfey-\vay^'o.. 
 
 Then the fhore by little and little goes more 
 
 knew not how to ftand lo high without run- I'hen the more t>y nme ana utuegoci muxe 
 
 ning headlong,) out of a furious deftre of eafterly, to the mouth of the river 0^ which 3^ otters 
 
 .. .j n mrvfl- nnnoMi>-nl TLor ftpainfl: runs hu FramlimhaTn, formerly a Caftle of the call’dw^xwcAi 
 
 OrwcH-har- 
 
 buur. 
 
 reigning, declar’d a raoft unnatural war againft 
 his own father. Though thefe Caftles are now 
 quite gone, the fhore is very well defended 
 langerlton, by a vail ridge (they call it Langerftm) trfiich, 
 for about two miles, lies on the furface of the 
 fea (as one words it,) not without great dan- 
 ger and terrour to Sailors. It is however of 
 ufe to the Filhermen, for drying of their filh i 
 and does allb, in fome meafure, guard the fpa- 
 cious harbour of OrmB. TEut as to Iffwkh it 
 felf, its trade, depending upon the fea, hath 
 in this and the lafl; age receiv’d fo much da- 
 mage, that the number of their Ships is very 
 confiderably diminilh’d.l And thus much of 
 the fouth-part of this County. 
 
 From hence a crooked Ihore (for all this 
 eallcrn-part lies upon the Sea) running north- 
 ward, prefently opens it felf to the little river 
 Others call* Dehm. It rifes near Rendlejbam, to which 
 tThfedling. Lord of the place H. Fil^-OthOj or the fon 
 ■ scolatoria of Otto f the Mint-mafter, procur’d the privi- 
 uaeorum. lege of a Market and Fair of Edward the firft. 
 
 By his heirs, a confiderable Eftate came to 
 Boutetort. the Baumorts, Lords of Wily in Worcefterlhire ; 
 and from them afterwards, in the reign of 
 Richard the ad, to Frevil, Burnel, and others, 
 rit is faid, that in digging here, about thirty 
 years fince, there was found an ancient Giver 
 Crown, weighing about fixty ounces, wfiich 
 was thought to belong to Redwald, or fome 
 other iCing of the Eaft-Angles j but it was 
 fold, and melted down.l From hence the river 
 Deben continues its courfe, and gives name to 
 Dfibenham Debenham a fmall Market-town, which others 
 ‘ will have to be more rightly call d Depenham i 
 becaufe, the foil being moift and clayey, the 
 roads all round it are deep and troublefom i 
 ftho’ the burrough it felf is clean. In this 
 Town, was the feat of the Gawdies, an ancient 
 and Knightly Family, from ishom it hath 
 lately pafled by fale, and is no>k the 
 the Pitts. From thence, the river pafteth, thro 
 Lethringham, by a Priory founded there by 
 
 Letheri! 
 
 sring- 
 
 caucriy, LU UlC Ul'-'UUi* W"* m'- ... 7 gtljgfs 
 
 runs by Framlingham, formerly a Caftle 01 the caWdiyincheL 
 Bigods fbeing given by King Henry the firft Framling- 
 to Roger Bigod i I and prefently on the weft-fide 
 thereof it fpreads it felf into a fort of Lake. 
 
 This hath been a very beautiful Caftle fof 
 Saxon Work,l fortify’d with a rampire and 
 f two large ditches, and a wTill of great thick— -j- A Ditch,Ci 
 nefs with thirteen towers: within, it |1 has n Hath, C, 
 had very convenient Lodgings j i moft of which 
 are now pulled doAvn ; and yet ftill the place 
 looks more like a Cafile, than the Ruins of one.l 
 From hence it was, that, in the year of our 
 Lord 1173. when the rebellious fon of King 
 Henry the fecond took up Arms againft_ his 
 father, Robert Earl of Leicefter with his Stipen- 
 diaries from Flanders, harrafs’d the Country all 
 round ; fbeing invited thither by Hugh Bigoci 
 But Roger Bigod, the laft of this Family, and 
 a man more turbulent than any of his Prede- 
 ceflbrs, was forced to refign the Caftle to King 
 Edward the firft j and King Edward the le- 
 cond gave it to his half-brother Thomas of 
 Brotherton, from whom it defeended to the 
 Mowbrays, and from tliem to the Howards Dukes 
 of Norfolk, who generally refided here. 1 From 
 whence alfo it was, that in the year 1553 * 
 
 Queen Mary enter’d upon the government, 
 notwithftanding the violent oppofition of Du^ 
 ley Earl of Northumberland againft the daugh- 
 ters of King Henry the eighth. FBut King 
 James the ift granted this Caftle to Thomas 
 Howard Earl of Suftolk, and then (Au&y-bn 
 being made his Seat) the glory 
 was thereby edipfed, and his Son Theophilus 
 Earl of Suftolk fold it to Sir Robert Hitcham 
 Knight, who devifed the fame, with a con- 
 fiderable Eftate in Framlingham, 
 to the Mailer and Fellows ot Pembreke-hal m 
 Cambridge, for Charitable Ufes But the cniefeft 
 Ornament of this Town, is Church, bui 
 by the Mtmhrayt, and the Chancel, by 
 Hoviards, wherein are feveral ftately Monu- 
 ments of this noble Family. And adjoyning 
 
 Letheringham, by a Priory founded there by ments ot tni . , , p '"onj built by the 
 
 Sir Johi Boynet Knight, now the feat of the to it, ate two Alms-houles, 
 
447 
 
 IC ENI. 
 
 448 
 
 Orefbrd. 
 
 4 So faid, 
 ann. 1607. 
 
 Mafter and Fellows ofPembroke-hall, the other 
 by VhomasMilles,and both well endowed.1 The 
 Parrhain- rivti' got'S iiext to a little town, whofe 
 
 Barons 101- Lord, William miknghby, had the dignity ot 
 lou^kby of ^ Baron confer’d on him by King Edward the 
 Parrham. theiice, running by Glemham, 
 
 which gave name to an ancient and noted fa- 
 mily ; to Oreford^ which takes its name from 
 it 5 it falls into the fea. This^ was^ once a 
 large and populous town, fortify’d with a Ca- 
 fUeofreddifh ftone, which formerly belong’d 
 to the Vnloiniesy and afterward to the 
 hughbies. But now it has reafon to complain 
 of the ingratitude of the Sea, which withdraws 
 it felf by little and little, and f begins to envy 
 it the advantage of a harbour, fit hath been 
 honour’d, of late, by giving the title of Earl 
 to Edvvaid Rullcl (fon of Edw^ard Rullel, 
 fourth ion of Francis Earl of Bedford,) who, in 
 conlideration of his moft fignal Services by Sea 
 (particularly in the year i 5 p 2 , when the Eng- 
 liih Fleet, under his command, gave a total 
 overthrow to that of the French ) was created 
 by King William, Baron of Shingejy Vifcount 
 Barjleury and Earl of Orford.^ And this is all 
 I have to fay of Oreford, unlefs you pleafe to 
 run over this fhort paflage of Ralph de CoggefbaO, 
 an ancient Writer. In the time of Henry the firfl, 
 when Barthohmetu de Glanvile was Governor of the 
 Caftk of Oreford, fome fifhermen happen'd to catch 
 a wild man in their nets. All the parts of his | 
 body refembled thofe of a man ; he had hair on his 
 I heady and a long * picked beard } and, about the 
 breajly was exceeding hairy and rough. But at length 
 he made his efcape privately into the Sea, and was 
 never feen 7nore. So that the common Afler- 
 tion may be very true, that Whatever is pro- 
 duc'd in any part of nature, is alfo in the fea ; and 
 that not at all fabulous, which Pliny has w^rit- 
 tcn about the Triton on the coafts of Portu- 
 . gal, and the Sea-man in the Straits of Gibral- 
 ter. 
 
 rOppofite to Oreford, on the wefl-fide of a 
 fmail river, ftands Butley, w'here a Priory was 
 founded by Ralph Glanvile Chief Jufiice ot Eng- 
 land and in the Church belonging thereto, 
 was intcr’d Michael de la Pole the third of 
 that name who was Lord Wingfield and Earlpf 
 Sulfolk,and wvas flain in the battel o.fAgin-CourtI\ 
 Not much higher, in a fate and pleafant 
 lituation, within the Vale of Slaugbden, w'here 
 the Sea beats upon it on the eafl, and the 
 River on the weft, lies Aldburgb, which figni- 
 fies an ancient Burrough, or, as others will have 
 it, a burrough upon the river Aid. It is a har- 
 bour pretty commodious for failors and fiflier- 
 men ; by w'liich means the place is populous, 
 and much favour’d by the Sea, which is a 
 little unkind to other towns upon thiscoaft. 
 Hard by, when in the year 1555 . all the corn 
 + Suhcau. throughout England w^as f blafted, the Inha- 
 ' ^ ■ bitants tell you, that in the beginning of Au- 
 
 tumn there grew Peafe, miraculoufly, among 
 Peafe grow- rocks, without any earth about them, ana 
 roek°^*^° that they reliev’d the dearth in thofe parts. 
 
 But the more thinking -people afErm, that 
 Pulfe caft upon the fhore by fhipwreck, us 
 to grow there now and then and fo the mi- 
 racle is loft. But that fuch as thefe grew 
 every year among the pebbles on the coaft of 
 Kent, w'e have obferv’d before, Hand a later 
 Writer faith, that at the fouth-part of the 
 Meer-Shingle, there ftill come-up yearly certain 
 coarfe grey Peafe, and very good Coleworts, 
 out of the ftony heaps.l 
 
 From hence, keeping along the fhore, at 
 ten miles diftance we meet with Dunwich, in 
 
 * Pincat.^m. ' 
 
 Tritons and 
 Sea-nionfters. 
 
 Butley. 
 
 Aldburgli. 
 
 moft early note, of any town in this County ; 
 
 Bury (tho’ more confiderable) having not its 
 reputation, till a long time after.1 Here, Fee- 
 lix the Burgundian, who reduced the Eaft- 
 Angles (then about to fall from the Faith,) 
 fix’d an Epifcopal See in the year djo ,* and 
 his Succetlors for many years prefided over the 
 wLole kingdom of the Eaft-Angles. But Bifus, 
 the fourth from Fcelix, when by reafon of old 
 age and a broken conftitucion, he found him- 
 felf unable to manage fo large a Province, di- 
 vided it into two ^es. One he kept in this 
 place, and fix’d the other at a little town 
 call’d North-Ehnham. [This Dunwich, lam fa- 
 tisfy’d, is the fame that the Saxon Annals call 
 Domuc, and Bede Dommoc ; anfwerable to which, 
 in King Alfred’s tranftation it is Dommoc- 
 ceapuep. The circuraftances make the conje- 
 6 hire very probable ; for Alfhun, who is faid 
 to have been bury’d there Anno jpp, is like- 
 wife faid to have died at 6u5bepi, that is, Sud- 
 bury in this County. And where can w'e ima- 
 gin, the Bifhop fhould be bury’d, but at his 
 own See, and in his own Church ? In another 
 place of Bede, we meet with Dunmoc, ' wliich, 
 as it is undoubtedly Dunwich, fo it differs not 
 much from Domuc or Dommoc. And it is pro- 
 bable, that this place is yet more ancient ; 
 inafmuch as Roman Coins, among otliers, are 
 fometimes found here ; from whence we may 
 probably infer, that it was a ftation of that 
 People.! In the reign of William the firft, it 
 had two hundred and thirty-fix Burgeffes and one 
 Imndred Poor : it was valued at fifty pounds, and 
 fixty tboufand f herrings by gift : So we read in + AlleHant 
 ' Domefday-book. In the fi laft age, it was 
 populous, and fam’d for its Mint ; and in the 
 reign of Henry the fecond, it was (as William 
 of iYewWrou) has told us) a famous village, well 
 fiord with riches of all forts. At which time, 
 
 ‘ Mien the Peace of England was difturb’d with 
 frefh commotions, it was fortify’d, on purpofe 
 to awe Robert Earl of Leicefter, who infulted 
 and over-ran all thofe parts ; fand there is 
 Itill a fquare ditch-bank, or town-wall.! But 
 now by a private pique of Nature (which has 
 fet no fix’d bounds to the incurlions of the 
 Sea) the greateft part of it is fwept away by 
 the violence of the waves j and, the Bifhops 
 having many years ago traiisfer’d their See to 
 another place, it lies in folitude and defolation. 
 rUpon enquiry after the ftate of this place. 
 
 Sir Henry Spelman (as we find by a pofthumous ^ 
 Paper) was inform’d by one of the inhabi- 
 tants, that by report there had been fifty 
 Churches in Dunwich, and that the foundations 
 and Church-yards of St. Michael, St. Mary, St. 
 
 Martin, and St. folm's were then to be feen, 
 befides St. Peter and St. Nicholas, with a Chapel. 
 
 But what number foever they formerly had, 
 the Sea hath gained fo much hereabouts, that 
 all the Churches are now fwallow’d up, ex- 
 cept All-Saints i one, particularly, having fallen 
 into the Sea, within thefe few years.! 
 
 A little higher, the river Blith difeharges it 
 felf into the Se.a ; upon whofe bank I law a 
 fmail town coM'a Blithborow, memorable only 
 for the burying-place of the Chriftian King 
 Anna, whom Penda the Mercian ftew in a 
 pitch’d battle. fFor this place, how mean fo- 
 ever at prefent, feems to ha\^e been very an- 
 cient as a teftimony of which, not many 
 years ago there were feveral Roman Urns dug- 
 up among old buildings j and (befides the ter- 
 mination burh, which is one mark of antiquity) 
 in the Saxon and following ages, it was of 
 good note, as .were moft otiier places that the 
 
 %axQi\ -Dunmoc, mention’d by Bede, land oil Romans had left. Which appears. 
 
 m part, 
 irom 
 
SUFFOLK. 
 
 45a 
 
 II, jilt. Mo- 
 wn. doS‘l>' 
 
 £xtenfio Pro- 
 
 Eafwnr.elic. 
 
 Lib. 3. Dc 
 Nat. Deor. 
 
 Wingfield, 
 
 from its having the Gaol for the divifion of 
 Beckles ; an evidence that the Seifions have been 
 formerly kept here .1 The Church became 
 eminent for a College of Prebendaries founded 
 by Henry the firft, who granted it to the 
 Canons of St. Ofttb. It has a market by the 
 favour of John Lord Clavering 5 to whom King 
 Edward the fecond granted that Privilege, 
 ,v.ith a Fair. He was poliefs’d of a very large 
 eftate in thofe parts; as defeended from the 
 daughter and heir of William de Ca(fmeto or 
 Cheney» who held the Barony of Horsford in the 
 County of Norfolk^ and built a fmall Mona- 
 ftery at Sihon. 
 
 Here, the Promontory Eafion-nefs fhoots a 
 great way into the Sea Eaftward, fo that it is 
 look'd upon fby fomel to be further eaft, than 
 any other part of Britain; [but the Seamen 
 tell you, that the moft Eafterly-part is at 
 Lowe(loji.^ By Ptolemy, Eafion-nefs is call'd 
 or Extenfion ' and, to put it beyond all 
 doubt, that this is the fame with our^Eafiony 
 Eyfieney is the fame in Britifli, that is 
 
 in Greek, and Extenjio in Latin ; tho , indeed, 
 the name might as probably be deriv d from 
 our own language, with regard to the eafierly 
 lituation of the place. On_the fouth-part ot 
 this Promontory, Soutkivold lies in a plain, low 
 and open, and expos’d to the Sea ; which the 
 convenience of the harbour, made by the river 
 Blith's emptying it felf there, has render d a 
 pretty populous town. At high-water, it is 
 id encompafs’d with the Sea, that you would 
 take it for an liland, and wonder that it is 
 
 not all overHow’d. Which brings to my mind 
 
 that paflage of Cicero ; IVhat Jhall we fay of 
 the Tides in Spain and Britain, and tketr ebbing 
 and flowing at fet-times ? without a God they can- 
 not be ; a Gody who hath fet bounds to thejea. 
 More inward, we fee Wingfield (with its half- 
 ruinated CafUe) which_ gave both name and 
 feat to a numerous family in thole parts, ra- 
 mous for their Knighthood and Antiquity. 
 And Dunningtony which boafls of its Lord, 
 
 great quantities of Fruit-trees of feveral forts, 
 with artificial fountains, a Canal, a pleafant 
 Grovcj a large Warren, &c. It gave the title 
 of Earl to Henry Fitz.-Royy created Auguft id. 
 
 £<572. Baron ol Sudbury, Vifeount Ipfwichy and 
 Earl of Euflon, upon his marriage with the 
 only daughter of the Earl of Arlington ; and 
 the fame perfon was afterwards. Sept. 1 1. 1675. 
 created Duke of Grafton. 
 
 Upon Qufe alfo, another town is Downhanty Downham. 
 which, with the ne^hbourhood, hath fufter’d 
 greatly, and had vaft quantities of Land cover'd, Philof.Trana 
 by the blowing-in of fands, in an iiicredi-N. 37 - 
 ble manner, and by their refting there. And 
 near it, is Brandony from which place the Dukes Brandon, 
 of Hamilton take alfo the title of Duke of 
 Brandon, which was confer'd on James, the 
 late Dukej by her Majefty Queen Anne .1 
 
 Upon which runs eaftward, we firft . . 
 
 meet with Hoxm, formerly H 0 don, made 
 mous by the martyrdom of King King Bd- 
 
 For there, this moft Chriftian King, becaufe „iund. 
 he would not renounce Chrift, was by the moft 
 inhuman Danes (to ufe the words of Abbo) 
 huni to a tree, and had his body all over mangled 
 with arrows. And they, to increafe the fain and tor- 
 ture, did, with jbowers of arrows, make wound upon 
 wound, till the dans gave place to one another. And 
 as a middle-ag’d Poet has fung of him : 
 
 Hevening- 
 liam. 
 
 Haldworth. , 
 
 Little Oufe, 
 and Waven- 
 ey, riv. 
 
 Euflon, 
 
 And vunningiony , I 
 
 Phelipps. John Phelipps, father of that 
 
 ;7’dthe daughter and heir of Baron AarAZ/i, , 
 and whofe daughter and heir was marry d tO| 
 lohn Vifeount Beaumont. But nowi it is the 
 leaf of the ancient fai-pily of the Roujes. ^ N ot 
 Hunting,field. from hence, is Huntingfield, which, m the 
 reieii of Edward the third, had a noted Baron 
 of that name : and near this, Heoeningham, 
 
 the feat of the knightly family A Hevenmgham, 
 avhich is exceeding ancient, [but never pro- 
 fper’d (as the obiervation hath run) fume one 
 o^' them was upon the Jury of Kmg Charles 
 the firft. The family is now extiiia, and the 
 Eftate pafs’d, by fale, to another hand,! At 
 a little diftance from thenee, is Halefwonh, lor- 
 merly Healfwerda, an ancient town of the A 
 nntm and afterwards of the Almgtons, [by 
 whom it hath been lately fold ;1 and tor whmh 
 Richard Argenm proem d the Privilege of a 
 Market, ot King Henry the third. 
 
 On the norttpart (as hath been a ready 
 faid) two little rivers, mmdy, Oufe the lejs, 
 and Waveney, divide this County from 
 T^r both rife out of a marlhy ground about 
 ilpLford, very near cue to the other ; and 
 run quite contrary ways, with creeks lull ot 
 ftlall^' fords. On this fide of the Oufe (which 
 eoes weftward) there is nothing memorable, 
 fbm I„^rformerlv belonging to a fami y o 
 that name. It is foated on a flat, and in a 
 fair pleafant Champian Country: which indu- 
 ced the Earl of Arlington to raife a noble 
 Structure there, call’d by the name of Eufton- 
 fJ: aton’d With a lar|e Nurfery containing 
 
 ‘fam loca vulneribus defunt, nec dim furiofis 
 "telay fed hyberna grandine plura volant. 
 
 Now wounds repeated left no room for "v 
 
 new, , r I 
 
 Yet impious foes ftill more relentleis 
 
 grew, . I 
 
 And ftill like winter-hail their pointed . [ 
 arrows flew- 
 
 In which place was afterwards a very beau- 
 tiful feat of the Bifhops of Norwich, till they 
 exchang'd it for the Monaftery o^t. 
 
 In the neighbourhood, at Brome, the 
 family ol Conmalleys t ^ Hath 
 
 'which, John was Steward of the Houftiold 
 King Edward the fixth : and f homos his fon; 
 
 I for his great wifdom and fidelity, was made 
 Privv-Councellor to Queen Mary, and Con- 
 trollL of her Houihold ; land Frederidt his 
 grandfon, for his fignal fervices to King CharLs 
 the firft, was advanced to the dignity ot a 
 
 Baron, by the title of Lord Cornwalis of Eye 
 For,! below Brome is £ay, for £je ,1 that is. Bay: 
 theljland, becaufe it is vmer d on al[[ito- 
 where are feen the rubbifll, rums, and the 
 decaving walls of a Monaftery dedicated tOBookof/»- 
 i pS and of an old Caftle which belong’d 
 to Robert Mallet a Norm.an Baron, [ut v. lmn 
 he was depriv’d of his dignity under Henry 
 die firft: for fiding with Robert Dakc of Nor- 
 mandy againft that King, this Honour was 
 beftow’dupon Stephen, Count of Eohgne i who 
 (afterwards ufurping the ^1^'“ 
 
 left it to his fon William of^fPCi.oi. But 
 after he had loft his life in the txpedit.on o[ 
 
 T-holcfe, the Kings kept it in them own mnd 
 till Richard the hrftgaye it to Henry the hfth 
 of that name, Duke ot Brabant and Lor«^^^ 
 
 heTr of the Family of tudenham. From 
 
45 
 
 ICENI. 
 
 Flixcon, 
 
 Eungey. 
 
 along by Fli>;tvn, foi* Felixton (fo nam’d, among 
 many other places in this County, from Foelix 
 the firft Bifhop) the river Wmjeney runs to 
 B-ungeyy and almoft cncompafles it. . Here Hugh 
 Bigod, when the feditious Barons fet all Eng- 
 land in a Flame, fortify’d a Caftle j to die 
 flrength whereof Nature very much contribu- 
 ted. Ot -which he was wont to boaft, as if 
 it were impregnable. 
 
 Were I in my Caflle of Bungey 
 Upon the River of Waveney, 
 
 I would lie care for the King of Cockeney. 
 
 Notwithftanding which, he was afterwards 
 forced to compound with Henry the fecond, 
 Uy a great fum of money and hoflagcs, to fave 
 it from being demoiifh’d. Next, not far 
 Mettirgham. from the banks, we meet with Mettingham, 
 ■VS’hore, on a plain, a fquare Caftle with a Col- 
 lege in it was built by the Lord of the place, 
 'Jolm, liriiam’d de Norvoich ; whofe daughter, 
 afterwards heir of the family, was marry ’d to 
 Robert de Ufford Earl of Suffolk, to whom flic 
 brought a fair effate. 
 
 Now the Waveney drawing nearer the Ocean, 
 while it tries in vain to break a double paflage 
 into it ( one, with the river Tare, the other 
 through the lake Lathing,} makes a pretty large 
 Peninpla, call’d by fome Lovingland, but by 
 Lutlungland, Others more truly Luthingland', from that long 
 and fpacious lake Lathing which, beginning 
 at the Sea-fide, empties it felf into the river 
 Tare. At the entrance into this, Lejlofe, a lit- 
 tle town, hangs (as it were} over the Sea j 
 and, at the other end of it, is Gorlfion, -w'here 
 I faw the T. ower of a fmall ruinated religious 
 Houfe, which is of fome ufe to the Sea-men. 
 More inward, upon the Tare, there is Somerley, 
 formcrly_ (as I was told) the feat of the Fitz.- 
 Osberts, from whom it came to the knightly and 
 famous family of the yerneganes, fthen to the 
 Garnijhes, and from them to the Allens^ Higher 
 up, where the Tare and Waveney joyii, flood 
 Cnobenburg, i. c. (as Bede interprets it) the City 
 Cmhex'uxThz.oj Cmberus we Call it at this day Burghcajiell. 
 
 Which (as Bede has it) by the vicinity of vioods 
 and jea, n-as a very pleafant Caflle, -wherein a Mo- 
 naftery was built by Furfjeus the SiOt. By his 
 perlvyafions, Sigebert King of the Eaft-Saxons, 
 v.as induced to quit the Xhrone, and betake 
 liinifclf to a Monaflick life ; and afterwards, 
 being drawn againfl Jiis will out of this Mo- 
 nr.flery fas is faid,l to head his own men in 
 battel againfl the Mercians, he was cut off 
 il with all his company. fBut ’fbomas Elienfts 
 names Bury or Betricbefworde, as the place*, in 
 \yhich Sigebert betook himfelf to a Monaflick 
 life. And the fame appears, not only by the 
 * Monafticon, and Caius’s f Antiquities of Cam- 
 bridge, but alfo by feveral Manulcript teflimo- 
 nies colleded by the learned Dr. Battley. They 
 have a tradition, that the Monaflery there was 
 afterwards inhabited by Jews and an old way 
 Jews way. leading to the entrance, call’d the jews-way, 
 may fee'm to give it fome colour of Truth.1 
 Now there is nothing in the place but broken 
 
 452 
 
 LeftofTe. 
 
 T.erley. 
 
 II Una cum 
 iuis, 
 
 Bened. 
 voh 2. p. 239, 
 
 * Vol. I. p. 
 
 291. 
 
 + P. 74. 
 
 briars and thorns ; amongfl which they now 
 and then dig-up Roman Coins: fo that it 
 feems to have been one of thofe Forts which 
 the Romans built upon the river Garienis 
 againfl the Saxoh-Piracies ; or rather indeed, 
 the very Garianonum, where the Stahlefian horfe 
 had their flation ,• fif the rivers, and marfliy 
 grounds round it may be fuppos’d fo fit to 
 fix a flation in. Ralph, the fon of Roger de 
 Burgh, held this caflle by Sergeanty, and after 
 him Gilbert de Wejeham ; but at lafl, when it 
 was furrender’d into the hands^of Henry the 
 third, he (April 20. in the 20th year of his 
 reign) gave it, with all the appurtenances, to 
 the Monaflery of BromhobnesA 
 Suffolk hath had Earls and Dukes, of feve-J^^'fJ® 
 ral Families. There are fome modern Authors, 
 who tell us that the Glanvils were formerly 
 honour’d with that title : but fince they build 
 upon no fure authority, t and the millake is f QuU error 
 alfo obvious, nor does any thing like it ap-o^^ius. 
 pear in the publick Records j they mull ex- 
 cufe me if I fufpend my aflent, till they offer 
 fome better Arguments for my Convidion. Not 
 but I own, the family of the Glatwils made 
 a ^•ery great figure in thefe parts. But be- 
 fore Edward the third’s rime, I could never 
 yet find it vouch’d by good authority, that any 
 one was honour’d with the title of Earl of this 
 County. That King made Robert de Ufford (a 
 perfon fam’d for great Exploits both at home and 
 abroad, and fon of Robert, Steward of the King’s 
 houfe under Edward the 2d, by Cecilia de Valoniis 
 Lady of Orford) Earl of Suffolk. To him fuc- 
 ceeded his fon William, whofe four fons were 
 fnatch’d away by untimely deaths during his 
 life ; and himfelf, as he was going to report 
 ,,a Refolution of the Commons in Parliament, |(SententIatn. 
 fell down dead. Robert WiUoughby, Roger 
 Lord of Scales, and Henry de Ferrariis o£ Groo- 
 by, as next heirs at Law, dividetl the cflate.Inq. 5 
 And Richard the fecond advanced Michael de 2. 
 la Pole, from a Merchant, to this honour, and 
 to the dignity of Lord Chancellor of England. Cygnxam ' 
 Who (as^ Thonfns Wallingham tells us) 
 better vers'd in merchandife {as a Merchant Waliinghim, 
 
 and the fon oj a Merchant,} than in martial affairs. P* 35^* 
 
 For he was fon of William de la Pole, the 
 Mayor of Kingflon upon Hull, who, on account ^ 
 of his great wealth, had the dignity of a HuU, in 
 
 ret confer’d upon him by Edward the third. 
 
 But -wanting a mind rit to bear fuch a flow 
 profperity, he was forced to quit his Country, his Difwe- 
 and dy d in banifliment. However, his beingry, p. 4^':. ^7» 
 a Merchant does by no means detract from5^>59- 
 his honour : for who knows not, that even the 
 fons of Noblemen have been Merchants ? Nor ’ 
 will I deny, that he was nobly defeended, tho’ 
 a Merchant. Michael his fon being rcflor’d, 
 had a fon Michael, fiain in the battel of A- 
 gincoun ', and another, William, whom Henry 
 the fixth, from Earl of Suffolk, firil advanced ' 
 to be Marquifs of Suffolk, to him and the heirs- 
 male of his body j that he and the beirs-male of 
 his body, on the Coronation-day of the Kings of 
 England, do carry a golden Verge with a dove on the ' 
 
 walls almoff; fonnrp h, vi- J -n England, do carry a goldenVerge with a dove cn the 
 
 tilti brick (a). It IS quite overgrown ^^lth\coronatm of the Qtteens of Afterwards, 
 
 exlftly wich^he«co’i!nrffRoSan*l£i^^^^ a foot in breadth ; and fo do agree pretty 
 
 Caflle looking to the eaft remains ftil] in i^ts 
 
 with 4 round towe„, each about ,4 foot dia ’and o®f e^u“\ 
 
 aVS hoilow 'lith“' '4 VS;!il pam of d.e p=. 
 
 above one hundred and^twenty yards in lenfftb i vv^lls, now not 
 
 the river, if there ever was Lv fuch Fnf^V ; as is alfo the weft-wall towards 
 
 the river, might be thought a fiffident ffeurity Ve 
 
 he 
 
453 
 
 SUFFOLK. 
 
 * Noftrje 
 
 nionet?t 
 
 he advanc’d the lame perfon, for his great 
 merits, to the honour and title of Duk^ of Suf- 
 folk. And. indeed he was a perfon truly great 
 and eminent. For when his father and three 
 brothers had loll their lives for their Country, 
 in the French wars j he (as we read in the 
 Parliament-Rolls of the 28th of Henry the 
 fixth) fpent thirty-four whole years in the fame 
 war. For feveiiteen years together, he never 
 came home j once he was taken, w'hile but a 
 Knight, and pay’d twenty thoufand pounds 
 * fterling for his ranfom. Fifteen years he was 
 Privy- Councellor ; and Knight of the Garter, 
 thirty. By this means, as he gain’d the entire 
 favour of his Prince, fo did he raife the envy 
 of the people ; and fo, for fome flight mifde- 
 meanours, and thofe too not plainly prov’d 
 upon him, he was banifh’d, and, in his paf- 
 fage into France, was intercepted by his ene- 
 mies, and beheaded. He left a foil, Johny who 
 marry’d Edward the fourth’s filler, and had 
 by her fohn Earl of Lincoln. This Earl John, 
 being declar’d heir apparent to the Crown by 
 Richard the third, could not bridle his ambi- 
 tion, but prefently broke out againfl; King 
 Henry the feventh, to his own deftruflion (For 
 he was quickly cut off in the Civil war ; ) and 
 to his father’s ruin alfo, who dy’d of grief j 
 and lafily, to the ruin of the whole family; 
 which expir’d with him. For his brother Ed- 
 mmd, flil’d Earl of Suffolk, making his efcape 
 into Flanders, began a Rebellion againfl King 
 Henry the feventh ; who, better leas’d with 
 repentance than punifhment, had before par- 
 don’d him for fome very heinous Crimes. But 
 a little after, he w'as by Philip of Duke 
 
 of Burgundy (againft the Laws of Hofpicaiity, 
 as the Cry then run) deliver’d up to Henry. 
 
 to whom fucceeded George his brother, and 
 then Henry, brother to the two lafl ; whofe fon, 
 Henry, created Earl of Bindon and Baron of 
 Chefierford in the life-time of his father, be- 
 came alfo Earl of Suffolk, and was fucceeded 
 by Charles, his fon and heir, the prefent Earl.l 
 
 "There are in this County 575 Parijhes. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Suffolk. 
 
 Abrotanum campeftre C. B. Park. Ger. Arte- 
 mifia tenuifolia S. leptophyllos, ahis Abrota- 
 num fylveflre. J. B. Wild Sothernwood or fine- 
 lean/d Mugwore, At a place called Elden in Suf- 
 folk-, twelve miles beyond New-market in the way to- 
 wards Lynne, on the balks of the Corn-fields, and 
 b) the way-ftdes abundantly for a mile in length and 
 breadth. Alfo a mile from Barton-miUs, where a 
 mark ftandetb in the way to Lynne to direPl paffen- 
 gers, and among the Purx,e-bufhes under the hill 
 plentifully. Though this Plant be very common be- 
 yond Seas, yet hitherto I have not' heard of any other 
 place in England where it grows fpontaneoujly. 
 
 Agrifolium baccis luteis nondum deferiptum 
 P. B. Tellow-berried Holly. At Wiflon in this Coun- 
 ty not far from Buers. 
 
 Carduus tomentofus Corona fratrum Park. 
 eriocephalus Ger. Woolly-headed Thiflk. Near 
 Clare in Suffolk plentifully. See the Synonymes in 
 Cambridge-Catalogue. 
 
 Caucalis tenuifolia flofeulis fubrubentibus 
 Hiff noji. arvenfis echinata parvo flore C R 
 Fine-leav d baBard-Parffey with a fmall purplijh 
 flower. Amongfl the Com here at Notley, and in 
 many other places. 
 
 who folemnly promis’d him his life, but put Crithmum chryfanthemum Park. Ger. mariti- 
 him ill prifon. Henry the eighth, not think- mum flore Aftcris Attici C. £. marinum ter- 
 ing himiclf oblig’d by this promife of his £i-jtium Matthioli, flore luteo Buphthalmi J. B. 
 thcr, W'hen he had thoughts of going for France, j Goldm-fla-wer d Sampire. On the bank of the river 
 cut him off, for fear of Infurrefiions in hisljs^ above Fulbridge at Maldon iri EJfex. 
 abfence But Richard his younger brother, li-j Gramen dadylon latiore folio C. B. Ifchar- 
 ving under banifliment in France, us’d the ti- mon fylveftre latiore folio Park. Plentifully in 
 y , yy. y-,, who was the lall male: f/je about Elden aforefaid. 
 
 tic of Duke of Suffolk , 
 of the family that I know of, and dy’d bravely 
 in the midft of the enemy’s troops anno 1524, 
 
 Lychnis vifeofa fiore mufeofo C.B. Sefamoides 
 Salamanticum magnum Ger. Mufcipula Salman- 
 
 the battel of Pawn, wherein Francis the firft.tica major Park Mufcipula mufeofo flore feu 
 
 k Atratufque 
 ioterfuit. 
 
 11 Sudore 
 Brltiimiico. 
 
 King of France, was taken prifoner. In re- 
 fpeit to his great Valour, his very enemy the 
 Duke of Bourbon bellow’d on him a fplendid 
 Funeral, | and was himfelf one of the Mourn- 
 ers. Afterwards, King Henry the eighth con- 
 fer’d the title of Duke of Suftolk upon Cbarlei 
 Brandon, to whom he had given Mary his fi- 
 ller (widow of Lewis the twelfth. King of 
 France) in marriage. He was fucceeded by 
 his young fan Hemry, and Henry by his bro- 
 ther Charles ; but both dying of the |1 Svieating- 
 fleknefs in the year 1551, Edward the 
 dignify ’d Henry Grey Marquifs of Dorcheitcr 
 (who had marry’d Frances their flfter) with 
 that title. But he did not enjoy it long, be- 
 fore he W'as beheaded by (^een Mary, tor en- 
 deavouring to advance his daughter to the 
 Throne ; and was the Lift Duke of Suffolk. From 
 that time the title of Suftolk lay dead, till 
 4. 'n t very lately King James fthe firft, 1 in the firft 
 sni 1607. year of his reign, created Thomas Lord How- 
 ard of Walden ( fecond fon of 1 homos Howard 
 Duke of Norfolk) Earl of Suffolk ; whom, 
 for his approv’d fidelity and valom, he had 
 before made Lord Chamberlain {Thomas w'as 
 fucceeded by his fon and heir Tlmf Ulus, who 
 in his father’s life-time bore the title of Lord 
 Howard of Walden ; and dying June 3. i« 4 °> 
 left this honour to James his fon and heir , 
 
 Ocymoides Belliforme J. B. Spanifh Catchfly. In 
 and about the gravel-pits on the north-jide of New- 
 market town : alfo by the way-Jides all along from 
 Barton-miUs to "Ihetford in Norfolk. 
 
 Lychnis nodiflora C. B. Pai\ Ocymoides 
 non fpeciofum J. B. Night-flowering Campion. A- 
 mong com about Saxmundbam, and between the two 
 Windmills and Warren-lodge at Mewell. 
 
 Militaris Aizoides Ger. Stratiotes f. Mili- 
 taris Aizoides Park. Aloe paiuftris C. B. Ai- 
 zoon paluftre five Aloe paluft. J. B. The Frefh- 
 water-Soldier or Water-Aloe. In the^ lake in Lo- 
 ving-land. . . 
 
 Pifum marinum Ger. aliod mancimum Bn- 
 tannicum Pa;-k. Our Englifh Sea-peafe. On the 
 flone-baicb between Orford and Alhurgh call d the 
 Shingle, efpeciaUy on the further end toward Orford a- 
 bundantly. Gefner. lib. de Aquatil. 4. p. 2 5d. 
 from the Letters of Dr. Key l and from him Jo. 
 Stow in his Chronicle tells m. That in a great dearth 
 which happen din the year poor People in 
 
 this part of the Country, maintain d themjelves and 
 their children with thefe Peafe, which, faith he, to 
 a miracle fpru?ig up in the Autumn, among the bare 
 fiones no earth being intermix’d, of their own ac- 
 cord, and bore fruit fuffident for thoufands of peo- 
 ple. That thefe Peafe did then fprmgup nmacu- 
 loufly for the relief of the poor, I believe not that 
 there might be then, Providence fo ordering it, an 
 
4S5 
 
 I C E N I. 
 
 45 <^ 
 
 extraordinary crop of thenti I readily grant. Tet do 
 they not grovj among the bare fiones : but fpread their 
 roots in the fund behw the Jlonesi wherewith there 
 may alfo perhaps be fome ouz£ mixt, and are non- 
 rijl/d by the Sea-water penetrating the fandsj as are 
 many other maritime plants. Neither did they owe 
 their original to Shipwracks or Peafe cafi out of Ships, 
 M Camdtni hints to be the opinion of the wifer i but 
 without doubt fprung up at firfi fpontaneoufly, they 
 being to be found in feveral the like places about En- 
 gland. See Kent and Suflex. 
 
 Sium alterum Olufatri facie Ad. Lob. Ger. 
 Emac. majus alterum anguftifoHum Park. Era- 
 L'£E folio. C. q. Gicuta aquatica Gefneri j?. B. 
 Long- leav'd Water-Hemlock or Parfnep. In the lake 
 of Loving-land. 
 
 Tri folium cum glomerulis ad caulium nodos 
 rotuiidis. Knotted ‘trefoil with round heads. 1 
 found this in gravelly places about Saxmundham in 
 this County. 
 
 Trifolium flofculis albis, in glomerulis ob- 
 longis afpcris, cauHculis proximo adnatis. An 
 Trifolium reftum flore glomerato cum ungui- 
 culis White-flower d knotted trefoil with 
 
 oblong rough heads. At New-market, where the 
 Sefamoides Salamantkum grows j and in other pla- 
 ces. 
 
 Trifolium cochleatum modiolis (^inohs.Hedge- 
 hog ‘Trefoil with rundles refembling a thinfegment of 
 a cone. At Orford in Sufolk on the Sea-bank clofe 
 by the Key plentifully. 
 
 Veronica ereda, foliis laciniatis* Alfine fo- 
 liis hederaceis Rutae modo divifis Lob. reda tri- 
 phyllos five laciniata Park, triphyllos caerulea 
 C. B. reda Ger. folio profunde fedo, flore pur- 
 pureo feu violaceo y, B. Upright Speedwell with 
 divided leaves. At Mewell between the two LVtnd- 
 mills and the Warren-lodge : And in the gravel-pits 
 two miles beyond Barton-mills on the ridge of a 
 hill where a fmall cart-way croffeth the road to Lynne, 
 and in the grafs thereabout plentifully. 
 
 Urtica Romana Romana feu ma® 
 
 cum globulis 5^. urens, pilulas ferens, prima 
 Diofcoridis, femine lini C. B. Common Koman 
 Nettle. About Aldburgh, and eifewhere on the Sea- 
 coajl plentifully. 
 
 Sedum minimum non acre flore albo. Small 
 mild white-flower d Stone-crop. In the more bar- 
 ren grounds all along between Yarmouth and Done- 
 wich. ‘I'his differs fpecifically from the common 
 pepper-wort, and not in the colour of the flower 
 only. 
 
 NORTH-FOLK or NORFOLK. 
 
 I 0 R FO L K, commonly North- | Survey of this his Native Country ; out of 
 ' folk, that isi if you exprefs it .which many things, very curious and remarka- 
 in Latin, Borealis populus, or : ble, are inierted in this prefent Work.1 But, 
 the Northern People, f(from!even among the common people you lhall meet 
 its Kor//;e>'K fituation, with re- with many, who (as one exprefies it} if no 
 gard to the reft of the Eafl- quarrel oft'ers, are able to pick one out of the 
 Angles if is the entire North- quirks and niceties of the Law. fAnd, for the 
 bound of Suffolk, from wdiich it is divided by preventing of the great and frequent Coiiten- 
 the two little rivers I mention’d, Oufe the /^, tions that might enlue thereupon, and the in- 
 and Waveiiey, running contrary ways. On the 'conveniencies of too mdriy Attorneys, a fpecial 
 
 eaft and north fides, the German Ocean, | f Statute was made as long fince as the time of| Stat, 33 
 
 abounding with Fifh, beats violently upon the ’King Henry the fixth, to reftrain the number H. 6. c. 7. 
 fliore j on the weft, Oufe the Greater, fporting ’of Attorneys in Suffolk, and Vorw/c/;.] 
 
 it felt Avith many turnings and windings, parts! But left, while I confult brevity, Ifufter my 
 it from Cambridgefhire. The County is large, ! felf to be drawn into digrefiions j I will pais 
 and almoft all Champian, except in fome pla- j from thefe, to the places themfelves s and, 
 ces, V. here there rife gentle hills. It is very beginning at the fouth-fide, will take a ftiort 
 rich, and Avell ftor’d with flocks offlieepj and view offuch as are of greateft note and anti- 
 abounds with Conies. It has great numbers quity. 
 
 of populous villages ( for befides twenty-feven | Upon Oufe the lefs, where the little river T’het 
 Market-towns, it has fix hundred twenty-five ' joyns it out of Suffolk, is feated, in a low ground, 
 Country-tow ns and villages, for, according to j the ancient City * Sitomagus, mention’d by*SeeWul. 
 the Book of Rates, thirty-two markets, and Antoninus, and corruptly nam’d in thefrag-pecinSuf- 
 fevcn hundred and eleven villages j)l and is alfo ments of an old Table, Simomagus, and 
 
 well water’d, and does not w'ant w'ood. The 
 Ibil is different, according to the feveral quar- 
 ters ; in fome places, it is fat, lufeious, and 
 moift, as in Merfhland and Flegg j in others, 
 efpccialiy to the weft, it is poor, lean, and fan- 
 dy ; and in others, clayey and chalky. But 
 (to follow the diredions of Varro) the good- 
 nefs of the foil may be gather’d from hence, 
 that the inhabitants are of a bright clear com- 
 plexion •, not to mention their fharpnefs of wit, 
 and fingular fagacity in the ftudy of our Com- 
 mon-Law'. So that it is at prefent, and al- 
 ■\vays has been reputed, the moft fruitful Nur- 
 fery of Lawyers. f(ParticularIy, it produced in 
 the laft age the great Sir Henry Spelman, a moft 
 zealous and fuccefsful Advocate of the Rights 
 of Church and Clergy -, from whom Mr. Speed 
 acknowledges he receiv’d his defeription of 
 No-folk, and who, befides, drew up a complete 
 
 [And yet it may be V'orth while 
 confider, whether there is not fomething in 
 thefe names, which implies its being the Ca- 
 pital city of the Iceni. If we take Simomagus 
 to be the right Reading, Ptolemy’s Simeni 
 (for fo he names tlie people of thofe parts) will 
 favour it : and Simmagus comes nearer the name 
 Iceni, efpecially if we may fuppofe the / caft 
 away, as in Hifpani, Spani. Befides, Csefar’s 
 calling this people Cenmagni (which f one,J-See the/i;?* 
 finding them diftindly read Ceni, Agni, is 
 opinion fliould be read Iceni, Regni,) fartlier^®”^* 
 confirms this conjedture.l It is now call’d fhet- 
 ford, and in Saxon Deoepopd, by keeping the 
 firft fyilable of the old name, and adding the 
 German ford. For as Sitomagus fignifies in Bri- 
 tilh a city upon the river Sit, now Thet (and, 
 chat formerly ligiiified a O'/y, we haveMagu». 
 the authority of Pliny j ) fo does T'betford fig- 
 
 nifv 
 
lifculsM 
 
 ^58 
 
 lich the 
 ops-See, 
 pon thii 
 "Cities can 
 the firft 
 at King 
 troughs* 
 the only 
 the only 
 inly that 
 •liament, 
 
 ‘anted to 
 ig James . 
 
 for the 
 r-School, 
 is town, 
 id Tefta- 
 And of 
 iicipal Se* 
 e iecond, 
 vas other- 
 11, a con- 
 
 loundary- 
 i its head, 
 
 his^ i^^^^^Buckenhairi. 
 left it by K.enninghall* 
 arable fa- \ Is* C. 
 is greater 
 Buchanan } 
 
 The for- 
 Tom l>eec/^ 
 
 Tif they, 
 e, did not 
 ees of that 
 able origi- 
 .* of Buckst 
 the neigh- 
 and which 
 want.l It 
 e, built by 
 e Notman, 
 d the place. 
 
 ■f Arundel) 
 ne of Hen- 
 >y Caly and^ 
 e family ol 
 
 in: having Pajnjiyoftiie 
 i John Kne- Knevcts. 
 ier Edward 
 iiid branch- 
 s. For be- 
 us Knights, 
 
 Sir ‘Thomas 
 
 ; defcended 
 eighbouring AfhelU«n- 
 Dr/>.f, ancient thorp. 
 
 Lords £o«r-Lord. Bour- 
 inheritaiice 
 
 _ rr>i Bernes^ 
 
 ^nevet. 1 ne 
 
 is condition, 
 
 t the Coro- 
 
 So, in Carle- 
 
 f perhaps not 
 
 Carleto'ii} and 
 
 Service of car- 
 
 lerrings in pies, y PafWles hd- 
 
 VJhat ^art ojlecum. 
 
 [The town 
 nd to fend to 
 Ired herrings, 
 
 /-four pi^s or 
 ,e Lord of the 
 convey them 
 ear duly ob- 
 ferv^'d 
 

 
 Cr:eew-ioe 
 
 .VMviair^ \lf:u-.'lnn\ 
 aC ? tin-. . IIJ.7J; \y fTVjr i 
 h'taklen. ^ 
 
 HetN'DILE 
 
 \liin^ii‘'i.l‘- 
 
 fthhani 
 
 11 'sncdiiam 
 
 
 
 IrjieJ 
 
 'JiiiifiJJit U 
 
 y’^SuJAani fi»- 
 
 
 +j^^jraki*ulmn 
 
 raSh-iT-- 
 
 Ljeu\$ 
 
 I/.-lbiufilin L. 
 
 ynjAjtn 
 
 
 ^ X'u-rnub7iJ^)&Lijzn^dJ 
 
 "' .. c2-Vl^ ^ 
 
 )ia-V'J,K'..'L:.<^.Pch:i-. ff 
 
 ■'■ XwrurUi ., iW 
 
 K.-i>i/tJl.'n. //^ea^l 1 , iDiIni 
 
 - •? 
 
 ijyt’7, TAfr/l ,, 
 
 , 7 '^/jir.‘Jf/u'i'/t ■ 
 
 .IJj/jin^lAjJ77 . Ujjitj. !k^ 
 
 
 ^>S^tkitb. 
 
 i/ajS^lu’- 
 
 .Vijtlrt^^ 
 
 P^'jrFiT-.w/i 
 
 ^Iarshl axd 
 
 ^^^g^IaJt3r.idi:nh.iiiL .if 
 
 ■£^jH.I^M-b^../ >Ia I F O R D 
 
 JMmca. 
 
 . lljj-hjin 
 
 ;^^dfesS^S 7 
 
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 V- 
 
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 Cambridge 
 
 fKhuJlc 
 
 'irJf.t A/iJ ^ 
 
 Tart 
 
 Shire 
 
 
Imi Mrntzis ^fjh. 
 
 
 slORFOLK 
 
 RoJi^Moi'cIcn^ 
 
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 rolt , 
 
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 .1 
 
 COtTTH 
 
 
 
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 nclA^aalc- ; * 
 
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 ^maU 
 
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 4S5 
 
 extraordinay 
 they riot gyoi 
 roots in the 
 may alfo pe\ 
 rijl)d by the 
 many other 
 their original 
 as Camden 
 •vsitbout dot 
 being to be ji 
 gland. See 
 Sium al 
 Emac. maji 
 cff folio. C. 
 hong-leav d 
 of Loving-lt 
 Tritoliu 
 rotundis. 
 found this if 
 this County. 
 
 Trifoliui 
 longis afpe: 
 Trifolium 
 culis J. B 
 oblong rough 
 Sefamoides 
 ces. 
 
 bound of Si 
 the two lit.‘ 
 and bVa'veru\ 
 eaft and n ^ 
 abounding ; 
 lliore ; on 
 it felf with . 
 it from Cam 
 and almofl: ' 
 ces, v.here . 
 rich, and wf 
 abounds wiV 
 of populous 
 Market-tow. 
 Country-toi,^ 
 the Book o* 
 feven hundn 
 well water ’i 
 foil is diften^ 
 tors j in fo* 
 moift, as i. - 
 elpccially to 
 dy j and ii 
 (to follow t 
 nefs of the 
 that the inh 
 plexion ; not 
 and fingulai 
 mon-Law. ‘ 
 W’ays has be 
 fery of Law j 
 the laft age 
 zealous and 
 of Church s 
 acknowledge 
 Norfolky and 
 
|57 
 
 NORFOLK. 
 
 nify in Englifh ^'ord of the Thet, and thefe fwo 
 names Sit and Toef are not very unlike. fBut 
 it* we fuppofe (what is affirm’d by others upon 
 the authority ot the beft Copies) that the true 
 name is Deo6popb, then the interpretation muft 
 be, a ford of the people. It was formerly famous 
 for being a feat of the Kings of the Eaft- 
 Angles •, but fit is now thin-peopled, tho^ 
 pretty largcj and once a populous and noted 
 place. Behdes other marks of its antiquity, it 
 fliews a huge Mount caft-up to a great height, 
 and fortify ’d w'ith a double rampire, and former- 
 ly too (as they fay) with w'alls. Some will have 
 it to have been a work of the Romans ; but 
 others are rather inclin’d to think it done by 
 the Saxon Kings, under whom it was in a flou- 
 rifhing condition for a long while; fand others 
 again think it the work of the Danes, who 
 made fo confiderable a figure in thofe parts ; 
 becaufe the camps, both of Romans and Saxons, 
 are generally obferv’d to be much larger.1 
 By the cruelty of Suem the Dane, who fet 
 it on fire in the year 1004, and that of the 
 Danes, ^who fpoil’d it fix years after, it loft all 
 its dignity and grandeur. For the reftoring of 
 which, Arfafius the Bifhop remov’d his Epifco- 
 pal See from Elmham to this place ; and his 
 fucceftor William fpar’d neither coft nor pains 
 in adorning and beautifying it ; fb that, under 
 Edward the Confejfor there were reckon’d in it 
 nine hundred and forty-feven Burgefies. ^ And 
 V in the time of William the Conqueror it had 
 feven Hundred and twenty manfions, wliereof 
 two hundred and twenty-four flood empty ; and 
 their chief Magiftrate was ftil’d Conful. But 
 when the third Bifliop, Herbert, firnam’d Lo~ 
 fenga (as being made up of lying and flattery, 
 ffor leapun5 in Saxon fignifies a lie or trick)' \ 
 and one who rais’d himfelf to this honour 
 by ill arts and bribery ; w'heii he (I fay) had 
 tranflated this See to Norwich ; this City re- 
 laps’d, as if come to its laft period. Nor did 
 the Monaftcry of Cluniacks, built there by his 
 means, make amends for the removal ot the 
 Bifhop. That Religious houfe was built by 
 Hugh Bigody as appears from what is faid in his 
 original Foundation-Charter. 1 Hugh Bigod, 
 Steward to King Henry, with his confent, and by 
 the advice oj Herbert Bifoop of Norwich, placed 
 Cluniac-Monks in the Church of St. Mary, lately 
 the Epifcopal See of T’hetford j which I gave them, 
 and afterwards founded them another more conve- 
 nient, without the village. Then the greateft part 
 of the City, which had flood on the hither- 
 bank, fell to decay by little and little ; but in 
 the other part (tho’ that too decay’d very 
 Two C. much,) about f three ages fince were feven 
 Churches ; befides three fmall Monafteries, one 
 whereof, they fay, was built in memory of the 
 Englifh and Danes flain here. For our Hifto- 
 rians tell us, that the moft holy King Edmund, 
 a little before his death, engag’d the Danes 
 hard by, for feven hours together, not without 
 vaft lofs on both Tides j and that at laft they 
 parted with equal fuccefs ; fuch effect had thofe 
 *0/«ww/e«.ttequent turns of fortune on both Tides, that 
 fum extuffer auit * had made them altogether defperate. 
 
 + Antiq. f An anonym ous Author quoted by ] Catus, 
 Cant, p, 148. tells us, there was formerly a Great School, or 
 Nurfery of Learning, in this place. It may pof- 
 * Hift. Eccl.fibly be the fame that * Bede hints, when he 
 18. informs us, how Sigebert (after he was return d 
 home, and fettled in his kingdom) built a School 
 for the education of youth, in imitation of what he 
 had obfervd of that nature in France. Whether 
 this pallage belongs to T^hetford or Cambridge (for 
 the latter lays claim to it, to advance its own 
 
 458 
 
 antiquity,) is a point too large to be difculs’d 
 here. 
 
 Notwithfianding the Eminence, which the 
 feat of the Eaft-Saxon Kings, the Bifhops-See, 
 and Teveral Monafteries have entail’d upon cliii 
 place ( fuch Honours as perhaps few Cities can 
 boaft of;) yet in the of Edward the firft 
 it was neither city nor burrough •, for, that King 
 requiring an account of the cities, burroughs, 
 and villages of this Shire, Norwkb was the only 
 City return’d, and Yarmouth and Lynne, the only 
 burroughs ; poffibly, becaufe fuch had only that 
 name, as fent Reprefentarives to Parliament, 
 whereas that Privilege was not then granted to 
 this place. In the feventh year of King James 
 the firft, a Statute pafs’d in Parliament, for the 
 foundation of an Hofpital, a Grammar-School, 
 and maintenance of a Preacher in this town, 
 for ever, according to the laft Will and Tefta- 
 ment, of Richard Fulwarfton Knight. And of 
 later days. Sir Jofeph Williamfon, Principal Se- 
 cretary of State to King Charles the lecond, 
 built here a new Council-houfe, and was other- 
 wife, both in his life-time and by will, a con- 
 fiderable Benefadtor to this place.’! 
 
 Upon Waveney (which is the other boundary- 
 river, running eaftward) not far from its itead, 
 are Buckenham and KenninghaU. This latter 
 (which feems to have had the name left it by KenninghalU 
 the Iceni) f was the feat of the honourable fa- + C. 
 mily of the Howards, whofe glory is greater 
 than to be obfeur’d by the envy of Buchanan ; 
 fbut it was long fince demolifti’d.'l The for- 
 mer, I fhould think, took its name from beech- 
 trees, call’d by the Saxons Bucken ; T if they, 
 who know the condition of the place, did not 
 affirm that they have few or no trees of that 
 fort ; and therefore the more probable origi- 
 nal may be, from the great number of Bucks, 
 with which we may eafily fuppofe the neigh- 
 bouring woods to have been flock’d, and which 
 at this day they do not altogether want.l It 
 is a very beautiful and ftrong Caftle, built by 
 William dlAubigny or de Albeneio the Norman, 
 to whom the Conqueror had granted the place. 
 
 By his pofterity (who were Earls of Arundel) 
 it defeendedto theTo^/izZ/rrinthetime of Hen- 
 ry 3. by marriage, 1 and from them by Caly and. 
 zhQ Cliftons, it came-at length to the himilyof 
 the Knevetts. This laft is very ancient ; having 
 been famous ever fince the rime ot John Kne- Knevets. 
 vet. Lord Chancellor of England under Edward 
 the third, and very much enlarged and branch- 
 ed it felf by honourable marriages. For be- 
 fides thofe of Buckenham ; the famous Knights, 
 
 Sir Henry Kneoet of Wiltfhire, and Sir Fhomaa 
 Kmvet of Afhellwell-thorp were defeended 
 thence. This Afhellwell-thorp is a neighbouring An^enwell- 
 little town, which, from the Fherps, ancient thorp. 
 Knights, did, by the T’ilneys and Lords Bour- Lord Bovr- 
 
 ebiers oi Bernes, at laft defeend by inheritance 
 
 to the above-mention’d Tfhomas Knevet. The 
 forefaid Buckenham is held upon this condition, 
 that the Lords of it be Butlers at the Coro- 
 nation of the Kings of England. So, in Carle- 
 ton a neighbouring village (a thing perhaps not 
 unworthy our notice) Ralph de Carleton, and 
 another perfon, held Lands by the Service of car- 
 rying our Lord the King an hundred ] herrings in pies, \\ PaJHSes ha- 
 when they firft came in feafon, to what ^art oj tecum. 
 England foever be fhould then be in. FThe town 
 of Yarmouth by Charter is bound to Tend to 
 the Sherifts of Norwich thefe hundred herrings, 
 which are to be bak’d in twenty-four pics or 
 pafties, and thence deliver’d to the Lord of the 
 manourof Eaft-Carleton,\\ho ir to convey them 
 to the King. Which is every year duly ob- 
 M m m lerv’d 
 
459 
 
 ICENI. 
 
 ferv’d to this day, and an Indenture drawn up, 
 the fubftatice whereof is. That upon delivery 
 of thefe pics to the Lord of the manour, he 
 fliall acknowledge the receipt, and be obliged 
 to convey them to the King. 
 
 North from Carleton, and not far from 
 
 4<^o 
 
 iNorui ixoin v_.ariecoii, ana not rar iruai 
 Depeham. Afiiwel-thorp, is Depeham, v here grows the 
 Linden-tree mention'd and deferib’d by Mr. Eve- 
 
 i^jnueii-UL-e uii_uuuii u uiiu ucu-iiu u vy ivxi. ±:-vc- 
 
 lyn in his Sylva i a tree of vaft bignefs, which 
 he calls T'illia Colofpa DepemenJiL To the eye. 
 
 DU. 
 
 iiL Cctilo J. tUii* K/UtUJJiU X U 
 
 it Lands over the other trees, when viewed 
 at a diftance, as a Giant looks among fo ma- 
 ny Pigmies. At the foot of it, is a Spring, 
 which petrifies Licks, leaves, and whatever falls 
 into it. But to return.l The river Waveney 
 prcfently waters Difcey now DL, a little town 
 of pretty good note, which King Henry the 
 firL beLow ’’d upon Richard de Lucyy and he, 
 Liortly after, made over to Walter Fitz^-Roben 
 with his daughter. Robert Fitz-Walter, one 
 cf his poLerity, procur’d of Edward the firL 
 the privilege of a Market for this place. From 
 f Keiimitus.^'^'^^^^ is | thick-fet with towns, 
 
 yet has it not one that can boaL of antiqui- 
 ty ; except it be Shelton, which is at fome di- 
 Lance from it, and gave name to the very an- 
 cient family of the Skeltons. But before it gets 
 Garienis the fea, it joyns the river Garienis,, call’d by 
 the Britains Guerne, and by the Englilh, Gerne 
 and Je^-e without doubt, from the Alder-trees 
 (fo nam’d in Britifli,) with which it is ihaded. 
 It rifes in the middle of this County, not far 
 from afmall village call’d Garvefton, to which it 
 -;ave name ; and has near it Hengham, which 
 
 Shelton, 
 
 , iiwwi ki.ij ijvai jiL vvuiCU 
 
 or Hengham. Barons, call’d alfo de Rhia, defcended 
 
 Woodrhlng. 
 
 Barons of Rbie 
 
 had ... V..XVV4 aiiv, ae UCH.C11UCU 
 
 from John Marcfchal (brother’s foil to William 
 Mart'lchal Earl ot Pembroke) to whom King 
 John gave the lands of Hugh de Gornay, the Trai- 
 tor, w'ith the daughter and coheir of Hubert 
 Lord of Rhia. But in procefs of time, it 
 pafs’d from the Marefcbals to the Morleys, and 
 from them, by Lovel, to the Parkers Lords Mor- 
 ley. TAfter wards, it was purchafed by Sir P/ii- 
 lip Woodhoufe, and then came into the poflef- 
 Lon of the Lord Crew, by marriage with the 
 Widow of Sir T'homexi Woodhoufe.'] At a little 
 diLance is Skulton, otherwife call’d Burdos, which 
 was held on this condition, that the Lord of 
 it, at the Coronation of the Kings of England, 
 ihould be chief Lardiner, as they term him. 
 
 fNear^ Skulton, is Woodrijing, the feat for- 
 merly of the Family of Southiued i but fince 
 fold, firL to Sir Francis Crane, and then to 
 Robert Bedle. The Southwells ( of which fa- 
 mily was the late Sir Robert Southwell, Princi- 
 pal Secretary of State tor the kingdom of Ire- 
 land, and employ’d in feveral Negotiations 
 abroad) are now feated at Kings-wefton in 
 Gloceiterfliire.l More to the eaL, we fee 
 Windliam. ^i‘^dham, now contraded into Windham f (in 
 the Hundred of Forehowe, fo call’d from the four 
 hills or high places, in Saxon beah, upon which 
 they held their meetings ) 1 and famous for 
 being the burying-place of the Albinies, Earls 
 of Arundel, whofe AnceLor William de Albiney, 
 Butler to King Henry the firL, built a Church 
 here, and made it a Cell to the MonaLery of 
 St. Albans. Upon the Leeple, which is very 
 high, William Kett, one of the two Norfolk- 
 incendiaries, was hang’d, in the year 1540 
 fit was fold by the laL of the Knevets of that 
 place to Henry Hobart Chief JuLice of the Com- 
 -^^tlborough 
 
 Mortimers. “Ve miles diLance, the feat of the ancient 
 family of the Mortimers, whofe bearing is dif- 
 ferent from thofe of Wigmore (namely, a Shield 
 Or, Seme de fleures de Lyz. fables,) and who found- 
 ed here a Collegiate Church, whereof, at pre- 
 
 fent, there are no remains. Their eLate pafled 
 formerly by marriage, to the Ratcliffs Earls 
 ot SuLex, to the family of Fitz^-Ranulph, and 
 to Ralph Bigod, for elfe came from the Bigods 
 to FitZa-Ranulph, and fo to the Ratcliffs, as fome 
 affirm. This place (if John Bramis, a Monk 
 of Thetford, may be credited) is of great note 
 and antiquity. He will have it to have been 
 built and fbrtify’d by Atlynge a King of thofe 
 pans ; and his evidence for it, are two Copies 
 of that HiLory which he tranfiated, one in 
 French and the other in old Englifh. What- 
 ever credit thefe may deferve, it is certain that 
 the termination burrough, wherever it occurs 
 denotes fomething of antiquity, as a cafik, a 
 for-t, or the like.l But to return to the ri- 
 ver. 
 
 The Tare has not run far, towards the eaL, 
 till a little rivef Wentfum (by others call’d 
 Wentfar) empties jt felf into it from the fouth. 
 
 Upon this, near it’s rife, is a fquare entrench- 
 ment at laieshorotighi containing tw'enty-four 
 Acres. It feems to be an Encampment of the 
 Romans j poffibly, that which in theChoro- 
 graphical Table publiLi’d by Marcus Velferus, 
 is call’d Ad T^aum. THard by, is T'humn,r\m%w 
 where, about twenty years fince, were dug-up 
 feveral Roman Coins of Quintillus, Tetrkm, Gal- 
 lienus, ViSiorinus, andothers.l Higher up, on 
 the fame river, formerly Lood Venta Icemrum,-\y^^^^ Iceno- 
 the moL flourifhing City of this People ; but rum. 
 now it has loL the ancient name, and is call’d 
 Cafier. Nor need we w^onder, that of the three r a. 
 
 Vemre in Britrdn, this alone Ihould have loL 
 it’s name, when it has loL it’s very being. 
 
 For now, fetting afide the broken walls (which, 
 in a fquare, contain about thirty acres,) with 
 the marks where the buildings have Lood, and 
 fome few Roman Coins which they now and 
 then dig up j there is nothing of it left. [The 
 defeription of this place agrees exaftly with 
 thofe given by Polybius, Vegetins, and others, 
 concerning the ancient way of encampment 
 among the Romans s the Places alfo for the 
 four gates are Lin manifeLIy to be feen. ' The 
 Porta Pratoria look’d tow’ard the eaL; oppofite 
 to which (without the Porta Decumana, and 
 clqfe by the river-fide) there Lill remain fome 
 ruins of a tower. The walls, enclofing the 
 camp, were of flint and very large bricks.l 
 But, in after-ages, Norwich, at tliree miles di- 
 Lance, had it’s rife out of this ; Landing near 
 the confluence oiTare, and another anonymous 
 river calld by fome Bariden ; fnot farlrom the 
 head of which, isRaynham, the feat of C/jar/wRaynluii:. 
 Lord Vifeount Townfend, a perfon of great * 
 Virtue, Honour and Abilities j whofe father 
 Horatio Lord Townfend Baron of Kings-lynn, 
 was, in the year i582, advanced to the more 
 honourable Title of Vifeount Townfend of Ra yn- 
 ham.l The faid anonymous river, in a long 
 courfe, with it’s dinted and winding banks, 
 comes to the Tare, by Attilbridge : leaving 
 Horsford to the north, where the CaLle of Wii- HorsforL 
 liam de Caffnet or Cheney (who in the reign 
 of Henry the fecond was one of the chief 
 among the Nobility) lies overgrown with 
 buflies and brambles. 
 
 Norwich, above-mention ’d, is a famous City, Norwich, 
 call d in Saxon NopSpic, i. e. the noHhern bay 
 orZ-o/ow (ifpicinSaxon fignifv a hay or wind-^yu what it 
 mg, as Rhenanus has told us ; ) for liere the lignifies a- 
 river runs along with many windings or, t/;emong the 
 nonhem Station (if pic, as Hadrianus Junius will 
 have it, flgnifie a fecure Station, W'here the hou- 
 fes are built clofe one to another ; ) or elfe, the 
 northern Catile, if pic (as Alfrick the Saxon has 
 affirm d ) denote a CaHle. [And the original 
 
 of 
 
f6i 
 
 NORFOLK. 
 
 462 
 
 of the name fecms plainly to be from the caftle 
 there. For though it cannot be deny’d but 
 pic fignifies a bojom of the Sea^ and a fiationfor 
 ShipSy and a Village^ as well as a Cafile ; yet ^e 
 circumftances feem here to determin it to 
 the laft fenfe. For the initial North being a 
 relative term^ mull have' fomething oppofite to 
 aiifwcr it : whereas we meet with no hays or 
 bofoms on the fouth-fide : but, not above three 
 miles fouth, we find the forefaid Remain of 
 an ancient Royal caftle, which ftill keeps fome 
 footfteps of antiquity in it^s name of CaBor. 
 Now, from hence the age of the Town does 
 in fome raeafure appear. For if it took the 
 name from the CaBky it is evident it muft be 
 of lefs antiquity. The Caftle indeed, one would 
 imagin, from the circular form of the ditch and 
 vaft compafs of it, to have been either Danifh 
 or Norman ; but that there muft have been 
 one earlier, is clear both from the Saxon ori- 
 ginal, and a Charter of Henry the firft, dire- 
 ded to Harvey firft Bifhop of Ely, vshereby that 
 Chmcb is abjolvd from aU fervices due to the Ca- 
 file of Norwich. Now ( as Sir Henry Spelman 
 well obfert'es ) fuch fervices could not be im- 
 pos’d, whilft the lands were in the hands of 
 the Bifliops, Monks, &c. and by confequence 
 muft needs become due whilft in the hands of 
 Ibme fecular owner ( and the laft of thefe was 
 'tomhertusy Governour of the Southern Girvil 
 who beftow’d them on his wife iEtheldreda; 
 foundrefs of the Monaftery of Ely, about the 
 year 6yy. ) So that from hence it appears, 
 that the date of this caftle is at leaft (o far 
 back ; and perhaps much further. The rea- 
 fon why Church-lands were exempt from Ser- 
 vices, i'eems to be exprefs’d in the Laws of 
 Edward the fecond, Becaufe the prayers of the 
 Church ought to be look’ don as more efethaly than 
 the ajfifiance of the fecular arm?i 
 
 But if I fliould imagin with fome, that Nor 
 viich was the fame with Venta -y XFis would be 
 wittingly to believe a lie. For it has no bet- 
 ter title to the name of Verna, than Bafil has 
 to that of Augufia, or Baldach to Babilonia 
 Namely, as this laft arofe, upon the fall of 
 Babilonia, and the firft upon that of Augufia j 
 juft fo our Norwich rofc, tho late, out of the 
 ancient Venta. Which appears from its name 
 in Britifh Authors, Caer Guntum i wherein (as 
 alfo in the river FVentfum or Wentfar) we find 
 the plain remains of the name Venta. For the 
 name Norwich does not appear in any of 
 our Writers, before the time of the Daniftl 
 wars. So far is it from having been built ei- 
 * ther by Ceefar or Guiteline the Britain, as fome 
 
 fabulous Authors tell you, who fwallow evky 
 thing that is offer’d, without confideration or 
 judgment. However, at prefent, on account 
 of its wealth, and populoufnefs, neatnefs of 
 buildings, and beautiful Churches, with the 
 number of them (for it hath had fifty Parochial 
 •Ht has fome Churches, and f thirty-fix are now m ufe ; ) as 
 30 Parilhes, alfo for the induftry of its Citizens) their Loy- 
 alty to their Prince, and Civility to Forei^ 
 ners ; it is defervedly reckon’d among the moft 
 confiderable Cities in Britain. It’s Latitude is 
 fifty two degrees, forty minutes : the Longi- 
 tude twenty four degrees, fifty five minutes. 
 It is pleafantly feated, long-ways, on the fide 
 of an hill, reaching from fouth to north a mile 
 and half s the breadth of it is^ fcarce half fo 
 much, and towards the fouth, it contrafts 1: 
 felf by little and little, like a Cone. It is tor- 
 tify’d with ftrong walls (with a great many 
 turrets and eleven gates ) on all fides exwpt 
 the eaft, which the river defends with its dee^ 
 Chanel and fteep banks } after it has with it s 
 
 Augufia 
 
 Rauraco. 
 
 winding reaches, over which are four Bridges, 
 wafh d the north-part of the City. In the in- 
 fancy whereof, and in the reign of King Echel- 
 dred (a Prince of no policy nor conduct) Sue- 
 the Dane, who invaded England with a 
 great army, firft fpoil’d, and then burnt it. 
 Notwithftanding which, it recover’d, and (as 
 appears by the Conqueror’s Survey) in the 
 reign of Edward the Confelfor, had one thou- 
 fand three hundred and twenty Burgers. At which 
 time ( to deferibe it from the lame Book ) it 
 paid twenty pounds to the King and ten to the Earl j 
 and befides that, twenty fhillings, four Prebendaries, 
 fix Sextaries of honey, and\\ a bear with fix dogs to\\Urfum, £> 
 bait him. Now, it pays feventy pounds by weight rofix canes ai 
 the King, a hundred fhiUings * as a fine to the Queen, 
 with an ambling Palfrey : twenty pounds f blank ^ 
 
 to the Earl, and twenty fhillings fine by tale. In 4 Biancas. 
 the reign of William the firft, this was the feat 
 of a Civil war, which Ralph Earl of the Eaft- 
 Angles rais’d againft that King, For after he 
 had efcap’d by flight, his wife, with the Ar- 
 morican Britains, endured a clofe liege in this 
 place ; till, for want of provifions, file was 
 forced to make her efcape and quit her Coun- 
 try. And at that time the City was fo im- 
 pair’d, that (as appears by the fame Domef- 
 day) there were fcarce five hundred and fixty 
 Burgers left in it. Lanfrank, Archbifhop of 
 Canterbury, mentions this furrender in a Let- 
 ter to King William, in thefe words : Tour king- 
 dom is purgdfrom the infeBion of the Britains (or 
 Armoricans : ) the Cafile of Norw'ich is furren- 
 der’d ; and the Britains, who were in it and had 
 lands here in England, upon granting them life and 
 limb, have taken an oath to depart your Dominions 
 within forty days, and never to return without your 
 fpecial licence. From that time forward, it be- 
 gan by little and little to recover out of this 
 deluge of raiferies i and Bifhop Herbert, whofe 
 reputation had fufter’d much by Simoniacal 
 praftices, tranflated the Epifcopal See from 
 T'hetford hither. He built a very beautiful Ca- 
 thedral in the eaft and lower part of the City, 
 in a place till then call’d Cow-holme, near tire 
 Caftle ; the firft Stone whereof, in the reign 
 of William Rufus, and in the year of our 
 Lord 1096. he himfelf laid, with this In- 
 feription : 
 
 DOMINUS HERBERTUS POSUIT 
 PRIMUM LA.PIDEM IN NOMINE PA- 
 TRIS, FILII, ET SPIRITUS SANCTI. 
 
 AMEN. 
 
 That is. 
 
 Lord [Bifhop] Htrkrms laid the firfl fione, in the 
 name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghofi. Amen. 
 
 Afterwards, he procured a Licence from Pope 
 Pafehal, to confirm and efiailijb it to he the mother 
 Church of Norfolk and Suffolk ■, and endow d it 
 liberally with lands, fufficient for the mainte- 
 nance of fixty Monks, who had neat and cu- 
 rious Cloyfters. But thefe were removed i and 
 a Dean with fix Prebendaries, and others, let- 
 tied in ’their places. After the Church thus 
 built, and an Epifcopal See placed here, tt be- 
 came (as Malmsbury has it) aTm famous for 
 Mirchandife, and number oj Inhabitants. And in 
 the 17* of King Stephen (as we read in lome 
 ancient Records) Norwich was built arm, was 
 popuhus for a Village, and was made a Corporatt- 
 M That King Stephen alfo granted it to hiS 
 Son William for an Appennage (as they call it) 
 or inheritance, is evident from the Re- 
 
 cords. But Henry the fecond took it from 
 
4^3 
 
 ICENl 
 
 \\ Albani, 
 
 4 Levidenfi* 
 um qjorun- 
 dam panno. 
 rum. 
 
 * All, C. 
 
 II Tnftrumen. 
 to Hydrago- 
 gico. 
 
 4<^4 
 
 him, and held it himfelt' i notwithftanding that 
 Henry his Son, the 'Junior-Kingy as they call’d 
 him, when he vas afpiring to the Crown, had 
 pi'omis’d it in simple terms to Hugh Bigod Earl 
 of Norfolk, whom he had drawn over to his 
 party. Bigod however, adhering to the young 
 King ("who could not confine his eager hopes 
 of the Crown, within the bounds of Juftice 
 and Equity) miferably harrafs^d this Cityj 
 and is thought to have rebuilt that CafUe on 
 the high hill near the Cathedral, within the 
 City, -\\hich is encompafs’d with a trench of 
 fuch vaft depth, that in thofe days it was 
 look’d on as impregnable. But Lewis of France, 
 under whom the rebellious Barons had confe- 
 derated againft King ealily took it by 
 
 liege. The reafon why I fanfy that it was 
 Bigod who repair’d the Caftle, is becaufe I ob- 
 lerv’d Lions Jaliant cut in a ftone, in the fame 
 manner, as the Bigods formerly us’d them in 
 their feals j of whom there was one that feal’d 
 with a Crofs. And this was the condition of 
 Norwich in its infancy. 
 
 But in the next age it increas’d mightily, 
 and abounded with wealthy Citizens j who, 
 by an humble petition in Parliament, defir’d 
 liberty of Edward the firft to wall their City 
 round : and afterw^ards accordingly did it, to 
 the great flrength and ornament thereof. In 
 the year 1403. they obtain’d leave of Henry 
 the fourth, that inftead of Bailiffs (which they 
 had before) they might eleft a Mayor yearly 
 and in the very heart of the City, they built 
 a very beautiful Town-houfe, near the market- 
 place, which, on the fet-days, is plentifully fur- 
 nifli’d with all manner of provifions. It is 
 partly indebted for its profperity to the people 
 of the Netherlands who, when they could no 
 longer endure the tyranny of the Duke of |1 Al- 
 va, nor the bloody Inquilition then fetting up. 
 Hock’d hither in great numbers, and firfl 
 brought in the manufadture of flight ftuffsfj 
 fthat is (according to tradition here) the Or- 
 naments of Striping and Flowering the Stuff, 
 which have been wonderfully improv’d by the 
 Ingenuity of the Weavers of late years, in 
 the making of Damasks, Camlets, Druggets, 
 black and white Crape, and other things ; in- 
 fomuch that it is computed, that Stuffs to the 
 value of 700000/. have fometimes been ma- 
 nufaftur’d here, in one year.l But why flay I 
 fo long upon thefe matters ? fince * moft of 
 them, together with the Hiftory of the Bifhops, 
 the fucceffion of their Magifirates, and the Fu- 
 ry of that villanous rebel Aetf againft this City, 
 are very elegantly deferib’d by Alexander Nevil, 
 
 you have a mind to run over thefe verfes made 
 upon it by ^John yohnjion a Scotch-man. 
 
 Urkfpeciofa fitu, nitidis pukherrimatetliSi 
 Grata peregrinis, deliciofa fuzs. 
 
 Bellorum fedes, trepido turbante tumiiltu, 
 Triflia Neufiriaco fub duce damna tulit. 
 ViSiis dijjzdiis, poftquam caput ardua ceeh 
 Extulit, immenjis crevit opima opibm. 
 
 Culms vincit opes, cultum gratia rerum, 
 
 ' Quam bene ! Ji luxus non comitetur opes. 
 Omnia Jic adeo jola hac Jtbi fufficit, ut [i 
 Fors regno defit, hue caput queat. 
 
 ftately piles and happy 
 
 rht. 
 
 herj 
 
 var. ) 
 
 A town, whofe 
 feat 
 
 Her Citizens and Strangers both delight. 
 
 Whofe tedious liege and plunder made her 
 bear 
 
 In Norman troubles an unhappy fharc. 
 
 And feel the fad efteifts of dreadful war. 
 
 Thefe ftorms o’erblown, now bleft with 
 conftant peace. 
 
 She faw lier riches and her trade in- 
 creafe. 
 
 State here by wealth, by beauty wealth s 
 out-dojie ; 
 
 How bleft, if vain excefs be yet un- 
 known 1 
 
 So fully is fhe from her felf fupply'd. 
 
 That England, while Ihe ftands, can never 
 want an head. 
 
 a perfon eminent for birth and learning. I 
 will only add, that in the year 1583. the Citi- 
 zens, by the help of |1 an Engine for that pur- 
 pofe, convey’d water through pipes into the 
 higheft parts of the City. And here I could 
 fummon both Polydore Virgil the Italian, and 
 Angelas Capelins the Frenchman, before the Tri- 
 bunal of venerable Antiquity ; to give an ac- 
 count, how they came to affirm that our old 
 Ordevices (who liv’d almoft under another He- 
 mifphere) inhabited this Norwich. I could 
 bring the fame Action againft our Country- 
 man Caim ; but that I am fatisfy’d, it was no- 
 thing but a natural love of his native Country, 
 that blinded the good learned old man. 
 
 fThis City is honour’d, by making one of the 
 mafly titles of his Grace the Duke of Norfolk ; 
 the father of the laft Duke being created by 
 King Charles the fecond, in the twenty-fourth 
 year of his reign, Earl of NorwichA And I have 
 nothing more to add about Norwich ; unlefs 
 
 From Norwich, the river Tare, with an 
 increafe of other waters W'hich take the fame 
 name, rowls-on in a winding chanel, and 
 abounds with the fifti call’d Ruffe-, and be^ARuife. 
 caufe the Englifh in that word exprefs die 
 Latin John Gains term’d the fiflineRarior™ 
 
 Ajpredo. tor the body of it is all over rough ; Animaliutn 
 it is full of Iharp finns, loves fandy places, Hiftoria. 
 and in ftiape and bignefs is much like a Perch. 
 
 The colour of f the back is a dark brown ; the’^ 
 
 * belly, a palifh yellow. Along the Jaws, it is* Per Ima. 
 mark’d with a double femicircular line ; the 
 upper halt of the eye is a dark brown ; the 
 under, yellowifh like gold j and the ball, black. 
 
 It is particularly remarkable for a line drawn 
 along the back, like a crofs thread ty’d to the 
 body. The tail and finns are all-over fpotted 
 with black. When it is provok’d, the finns 
 briftle up,- when quiet, they lie flat and 
 clofe. It eats like a Perch, and is particu- 
 larly valu’d for it’s || Ihortnefs and wholefom-HFriaMlitate. 
 nefs. ^ 
 
 The Yare having pafs’d C/«x?oa (where is aClaxton. 
 round Caftle, built by Sir 7 homas Gawdy Kt. 
 
 Chief Juftice of the Common-Pleas) fruns to 
 Redeham, a fmall village upon the fame river, Redebam. 
 fo call’d from the reeds growing in the marfliy 
 grounds thereabouts. Here it was, that Loth- 
 broc the Danifti Noble-man landed, being by 
 
 fudden ftorm driven from his own coaft, ' 
 
 while he was a hawking i and finding enter- 
 tainment at King Edmund’s Court, then at 
 Cafior, he liv’d there, till he was murther’d by 
 the King’s huntfman. Upon the new'S, his 
 fons (though the murtherer had been fuffi- 
 ciently punifh’d) landed with twenty thoufand 
 men, to revenge the death of their father, and 
 wafted the whole kingdom of the Eaft- Angles ; 
 and on the 20'*' of November, Anno Sjo. bar- 
 baroufly murther’d the King thereof. By this 
 account. Redeham muft be of elder date than 
 Tarmoutb j becaufe if this had been then built, 
 
 Lothbroc had no doubt ftop’d there, for affiftance 
 and diretftion.l 
 
 The 
 
466 
 
 NORFOLK. 
 
 ‘ — ' The Yare, now juft at the Sea, takes a turn 
 
 to the South, that it may defcend more gently 
 into the Ocean i by which means it makes a 
 fort of little mgtie or flip of Land j wafh’d, 
 on one fide, by it felf, on the other, by the 
 Sea. In this flip, upon an open fhore, I faw 
 Tarmoutht in Saxon Gap-mu 3 , and Jiep-mu 5 , 
 Garienis, a very neat har- 
 town, fortify’d both by Art and Na- 
 ture. For though it is almoft furrounded with 
 water (on the weft, with the river, over which 
 is a Draw-bridge, and on other fldes with the 
 Sea ; ) except to the North, where it is joyn’d 
 to the Continent : yet is it fenc’d with ftrong 
 {lately walls, which, with the river, give it 
 the tigure of an oblong fquare. Befides the 
 towers upon thefe, there is a mole or mount 
 to the Eaft, from whence the great Guns com- 
 mand the Sea, which is fcarce fifty paces di- 
 ix*o,v two. ftalit from it. It t has but one Church : but 
 ^ ’ that is very large, and has a {lately high fpire 
 
 built near the North-gate by Heriert Bifhop 
 of Norwich. Below -Which, the foundations 
 of a noble Work, defign’d for an enlargement 
 to this, are raised above-ground. I dare not 
 affirm, that this was the old Gariammm, 
 where formerly the Stablejlan Horfe lay in 
 garrifon againft the Barbarians ; nor yet the 
 neighbouring little village Cafior^ (formerly the 
 feat of Sir 'yohn Falfloff an eminent Knight) 
 famous among the Inhabitants on account ot 
 its antiquity ; though there is a report that 
 the river Tare had another mouth, juft under 
 it. But as I am throughly convinc’d that the 
 Gariaaonum. Gariammm was at Burgh-caftle in Suftolk, 
 which is fcarce two miles diftant from the 
 oppofite bank of the river ; fo am I apt to 
 think, that Tarmouth rofe out of its ruins, and 
 that that Cajlor was one of the Roman Caftles, 
 placed alfo at a mouth of the river Tare now 
 • Caiirus ; of Ihut up. For as the * North-weft-wmd plays 
 which, fee tyrant upon the coaft of Holland, over- 
 
 Somner’s this place, and has Hop’d up the mid- 
 
 !,rm Imut, the Rhine with Sands ; juft fo 
 
 f Aquilo. has the t North-eaft damag’d this coaft, and 
 feems, by fweeping-up he.aps of Sand, to 
 1 ]a«. 2. have obftruifted this harbour j _ ffor the clean- 
 I Will. & keeping-open of which, many bta- 
 
 % , era tutts have pafs’d in Parliament, in regard ot 
 ’’ the great importance thereoi, for carrying-on 
 the trade and navigation of this kingdom. 1 
 Nor will it be any injury, if I call this our 
 Tarmouth (fo nearly joyn’d to the o\d. Garia- 
 Carlanonum.yioyiiim) Garianoilum it felf j fince the Ganmt, 
 from whence it had the name, has now chan- 
 ged its Chanel, and enters the Sea below 
 this town ; to which it alfo gave the name. 
 For I cannot but own, that this our Tarmuth 
 is of later date. For when that old Garia- 
 nomm was gone to decay, tee were n^ 
 Ctrdick the left to defend this lllore, Cerdtek the warlike 
 Saxon. Saxon landed here (from whence the place is 
 Cerdick- call’d by the Inhabitants at this dy ardicl- 
 fand, and by other Hiftorians t Cerdtek-jhore ,) 
 t See Ham. when he had harrafs’d the with a 
 ■ grievous war, he fet fail from hence for the 
 weft, where he fettled the kingdim of the 
 Weft-Saxons. And not long after, the Sa™ . 
 inftead of Garianomm, built a new town nyhat 
 moift watery field upon the wf -“<= 
 river, which they cAld Tarmouth But the li 
 tuation thereof proving unwholefom, 'hey re- 
 mov’d to the other fide of the river, call d 
 then (from the fame Cerdick) Cerdtek-Jand . 
 and there they built this new town, where n 
 (as Domefday-book has it) thyetaiffid m 
 
 the time of Edward the Corfeffor fereyy Bur 
 
 Guil. Worcc- gers- Afterwards, about the year of 0 
 
 1340, the Citizens wall’d it round ; and, in 
 a Ihort time, became fo rich and powerful, 
 that they often engag’d their neighbours of 
 and the Portuenfes (fo they call’d the 
 inhabitants of the Cinque-Ports) in Sea-fights ; 
 with great flaughter on both fidcs. For they 
 had a particular fpite againft them ; poffibly 
 upon this account, becaufe they were exclu- 
 ded out of the number and Privileges of the 
 Cinque-PoJtSy which the old Gavianonum, and 
 their Anceftors under the Count of the Sa- 
 xon fhore, formerly enjoy’d. But a ftop was 
 put to thefe Encounters, by Royal Authority j 
 or (as others think) by the damp call upon 
 them by that grievous plague, which in one 
 year took feven thoufand Souls out of this 
 little town, as appears by an old Chronogra- 
 phical Table hung up in the Church j which 
 alfo gives an account of their wars with the 
 inhabitants of the Cinque-Ports and Leftoft. 
 
 From that time they decay’d, and had not 
 wealth fufficient to carry on their Trade ; 
 upon which they have betaken themfelves moft- 
 ly to the ;jem»^-fifhing (for fo they generally 
 * call them, though the learned think them * Halecesi 
 to be the Cbalddes OiriA t\\a Leucomxmdes -,) a fort Scat 51 E.j. 
 of fifh that is more plentiful upon this ^ 
 
 than upon any other in the world. For it is ' 
 almoft incredible, w'hat a great and throng 
 Fair here is at Michaelmas j and what quan- 
 tities of herring and other fifli are vended. 
 
 At which time the Cinque-Ports^ by an old cu- 
 ftom, appoint a number of Bailitfs, as Com- 
 mifmers, to fend hither j who (to fpeak out of 
 their Diploma or CommilTion) do, along with 
 the Magiftrates of the Town, during the jree 
 Fahi hold a Court for matters^ belonging to the 
 Fair, go'uem it, execute the King s ju/lice, and kcop 
 the Kings peace. The harbour underneath is, 
 of great advantage, not only to the inhabi- 
 tants, but to thofe of No-rvoicb alfoj audit is ^ 
 an t infinite charge they are at, k^p it openT^.j^^ ^ ^ 
 asainft the violence of the Sea. Which, loWill. 
 
 do iuftice and make amends for what it has 3. c. <5. 
 fwallow’d up on this coaft, has here heap di Ann. c. 7. 
 up Sands, and made them a little Iflaiid. I In 
 the reign of King Ch.arles the lecond, bir 
 Robert Pafton of Pafton in this County, was, 
 from this place, created Vifeount, and after 
 that, Earl of Yarmouth j in which Honour he 
 was fucceeded by miHarn his ddeft fon, the 
 prefent Earl.l . , 
 
 At this Mouth alfo, another river, calld by 
 feme rhyrn, empties it fell with the Tare. It Thyrn fiver, 
 riles near Holt, fo call’d from the wood, and 
 noted for it’s market : and, running all .along 
 as it -were in a parallelline with the kare, 
 at about five miles diftance it goes by Ui^img.Blickling. 
 the feat of the ancient and famous tamily o. 
 
 Clere, who liv’d formerly at but here- 
 
 tofore the feat of the Eolent, of wlncn lami y 
 was Thomas Bolen, Earl ot Wiltfliire ; and 
 Arne Bolen, wife to Henry the eighth, and 
 mother to Queen Elizabeth, was born heic. 
 
 It came to the Cleree by marriage with t h e 
 daughter o( Jamee Bolen, uncle to Eh- 
 
 zabeth, and by Edvoard Clere, Knight of die 
 Order of St. Michael, was fold to Sir Heaty 
 mart. Chief Juftice of die Com”0^^ 
 who built there a ftately Houfe, that is Itlll 
 
 Tf '' a“ p!:fty ^'oVtlous Alleskaiu. 
 
 hadPofleffionsi Then, by the rumous Mo- 
 naftery of St. BenedtB de Hulmo ( commonly 5 . 
 to i the Holme, i. e. in a ri;^r-mani,) whic.i St. Brn.t .. 
 was built by Canutus the Dane, and after- 
 wards fo fortify’d by the Monks with ftroag 
 Nun 
 
 \. 
 
467 
 
 ICENI. 
 
 Clfpsby. 
 
 Flegg. 
 
 A\alls and bulwarks^ that it looked more like a 
 CafUe than a Cloyfler. So that, William the 
 Conqueror could not poflibly take it, till a 
 Monic betray’d it, on condition that he Ihould 
 bo made Abbot j which he accordingly was. 
 But prefeiitly, the new Abbot (as the flory 
 goes among the inh.abitants) was by the King’s 
 special order, bang’d for a Traitor, and fo re- 
 ceiv’d the juft reward of his treachery. The 
 ground in this Illand is fo fenny, that if you 
 ■* Fibrx. only cut the * little ftrings and roots of the 
 trees and fhrubs that grow in it, it will fwim 
 upon the water, and you may draw it after 
 you whither you pleafe. And fome conclude', 
 from the Cockles now and then dug-up there, 
 that the Sea has formerly broken in fo far. 
 Ludhain. From hence the river glides on by Ludham^ 
 \ formcilyl a Seat of the Biftiops of Norwich \ 
 then by Clipsbyi which gave name to an an- 
 cient and eminent family in thefe parts j and 
 fo, prefeiitly joyns the Tare. 
 
 TNear the place where this river runs into 
 the Tea, it makes one fide of a Peninlula, 
 call’d at this day Fle^. The foil is fruit- 
 ful, and bears corn very w^ell ; and here the 
 Danes feem to have made their firft fettle- 
 ment, both becaufe it is neareft their land- 
 ing, and is pretty well fortify ’d by nature, as 
 being almoft furrounded wdth water ; and, 
 alfo, becaufe in that little compafs of ground, 
 we find thirteen villages ending in by., a Da- 
 iiiOi word, which fignifies a village or dwelling- 
 place. And hence the Bi-lagines of the Danifh 
 writers, and our by-laws here in England, come 
 to fignify fuch Laws as are peculiar to each 
 town or village.l 
 
 From the Tare’s mouth, the fhore runs al- 
 Winterton, moft diredtiy north to PFintei'ton, a little Pro- 
 montory of note among the Sea-men j which, 
 
 I faiify, had that name given it from the cold 
 and xwmcrly fimation. For it lies open to the 
 Sea (the Parent of winds and cold) •which 
 rufhes violently againft the banks rais’d on 
 purpofe to oppofe it. And yet the neighbour- 
 ing fields all round, are look’d upon by feve- 
 A Soil very he tlie fattefl and loofefl in all England ; 
 
 fat. as requiring the ieaft labour, and bringing the 
 
 krgeft inercafe. For (as Pliny fays of Bi'Z.a- 
 emn in Africa) it may be plow’d with a horfe 
 ever fo bad, and an old woman drawing againft 
 him. 
 
 From Wintenon, the fhore prefently turns 
 weftw'ard, going back for a long W'ay tt^ether, 
 in a level, without any confiderable juctings- 
 out into the fea ,• as far as Redes, which is 
 almoft fwallow’d up by the Ocean. Then it 
 runs on, with a higher fliore, by Bronholme, 
 formerly a fmall Monaftery, endow’d by the 
 Glanvils, and feared upon a high hill j the 
 Crofs whereof was by our Anceftors had in 
 Gimming- mighty veneration : And not far from Gim- 
 ham. mingbam, which, among other manours, J. Earl 
 of Warren and Surrey formerly gave to Thomas 
 Earl of Lancafter. fHere ( faith Sir Henry 
 Spclman) the ancient cuftom of Tenure in 
 Socce^e is ftill kept up ; the Tenant not paying 
 his Rent in money, but in fo many days work.1 
 Tlieii, along by Cromer ( where the inhabitants 
 at great expence endeavour’d to maintain a 
 + Cothoncm.t harbour againft the violence of the Sea, 
 but in vain. 
 
 Grcfliam. TNot far from whence, is which gave 
 
 name to a family, render’d particularly emi- 
 nent by Sir Fhontas Grejham, founder of Gre- 
 marn-College and of the Royal Exchange in 
 London. Weft of Gre/ham, at a final! diftance 
 MundcHey. from the fea, is Mmdefley, where fome years 
 ago, at a dift; were taken up large bones 
 
 468 
 
 (thought to be of a Monfter) which were 
 petrify’d. I From Cromer, the fliore runs to 
 Wiiuburnehope, a creek | not long fince fortify ’d } + So faid 
 fo call’d from the little town of Waubume,^^'o- 1607. 
 to which King Edward the fecond granted a 
 Market and Fair at the inftance of Oliver de 
 Bourdeaux. Next to this is Clay, fa port, me- Clay, 
 morable || for a fon and heir to the King ofll Waifingk 
 Scotland being there intercepted, anno i4o<5,^P>’odig. 
 in his way to France, by the Seamen of the^‘ 
 place i who made a Prefent of him to King 
 Henry the fourth.1 And over-againft it on 
 the^ other bank of the little river, is Biskeney 
 
 call’d by our Country-man Bale, Nigeria, a 
 famous College of Carmelite Friars in the laft 
 age ffave one,l built by Robert de Roos, Robert ^321. 
 Bacon, and j?. Brett. It bred ^obn Baconthorp-t^^^ p 
 (fo nam’d from the place of his birth, which Ihorp. 
 fwas the feat of the knightly family of the^ r 
 
 Heydons) a perfon in that age of fo univerfal * 
 and fo profound Learning, that he was highly 
 admit d by the Italians, and went commonly 
 by the name of the Refolute Doclor. Wh>ixe- ooBir Refi* 
 upon Paulus Panf a writes thus of him : Ifyourlutus. ' 
 inclinations lead you to feardi into the nature of Al- 
 mighty God, no one has writ more accurately upon 
 his Elfence. Ij you have a mind to jearch into the 
 caufes oj things, the efeBs of nature, the various 
 motions of the heavens, and the contrary qualities of 
 the elements ■, here you are prefented with a Mtga- 
 z,ine. 'This one Refolute Dodor has jurniJFd the 
 Chriflian Religion with the firongefl armour againji 
 the fews, &c. From TVauhurne to the little 
 Promontory of St. Edmund, the coaft lies low- 
 er, and is cut and parted by many rivulets, 
 and fecur’d with great difficulty againft the 
 incurfion of the fea, by Sand-heaps call’d Meales,Meahs, or 
 landfo nam’d (faith Spelman) from the 
 difh and German Mul, fignifying diifll] 
 
 More inward, and fcarce four miles from 
 hence, is Walfmgham which, from the nearnefs WaWngham.’ 
 oj the fea, Erafmus calls Parathalajfa. This lit- 
 tle town is noted at prefent for producing the 
 hc^Saf}-on; but was once famous througnout 
 England for Pilgrimages to the Virgin Mary, 
 
 I in a Monaftery built there by Richolde, a no- 
 ble widow. Lady of that manour, about four 
 hundred years before the Dillblution.'l For 
 in the flaft age, w'hoever had not made avifit-f-So Paid, 
 and an offering to the Blelfed Virgin of this^''"- 
 place, w'as look’d upon as impious and irreli- 
 gious. But take the defcripcion of it from 
 Erafmus, who W'as an eye-witnefs. Not far 
 from the fea, at almoft four miles diflance, there is 
 a Town in a manner entirely rnaiutaind by the great 
 refort of Travellers. There is a College of Canons, • 
 call’d by the Latins Regulars a middle fort Regulars. 
 tween Monks and Secular Canons. This College has 
 fcarce any other revenues, bejides the Ojferings made 
 to the Blejfed Firgin. For fome oj the Gijis only 
 that are more confiderable, are preferv’d ; but if 
 it be any thing of money, or of jmall value, it goes 
 to the maintenance of the Convent and their Head, 
 whom they jiile Prior. The Church is fplendld and 
 beautijul j but the Virgin dwells not in it : that, 
 out of veneration and refpeB, is granted to her fon. 
 
 She has her Church fo contriv’d, as to be on the 
 right hand of her fon. But neither in that does Jhe 
 live, the building being not yet jjnifidd ; and the wind 
 runs through it on all fides i for both doors and win- 
 dows are open, and the Ocean (ri;e Parent of winds) 
 is hard by. In the Church, which Itoldyou is un- 
 finijh d, is a little narrow Chapel of Wood, into 
 which the Pilgrims are admitted on each fide at a 
 narrow door. There is but little light ^ almofi none 
 indeed, except that of the wax tapers, which have 
 a very grateful fined. But if you look in, you’ll 
 fay it is a feat of the Cods^ Jo bright and Jhining 
 
 it 
 
(69 
 
 NORFOLK. 
 
 t So raid, 
 
 it is all ever, with jewels, gold, and fther. Buti All tlip r- n i — 
 
 the memory of our f Fathers/ wheu ~ that it was not 
 
 Morile- 
 
 |Hol!.p-97‘- 
 
 sun, 1607. Henry the eighth had fet his eyes and heart 
 upon the treaiures and revenues of the Church, 
 all thefe were feis’d and carry'd off. [And yet Sir 
 Henry Spelman tells us, there was a common tra- 
 dition when he was a Child, that the fame King 
 Henry had gone barefoot thither from BaJImm 
 (a town lying South-weft'from hence) and ofter*d 
 a neck-lace of great value to the Virgin Mary. 
 jl But in the thirtieth year of his reign, Crom- 
 wel carry ’d her image from hence to Chelfeyj 
 where he took care to have it burnt.1 I have 
 nothing elfe to add about Walfingham, but 
 that the knightly family of the JValfmghams 
 (as the Genealogifts will have it) had their 
 name and original from this place. Of which 
 » A Secretis-himily, w’as Sir Francis Ij/'aIJingbaTn * SQcrotzxy 
 of State to Queen Elizabeth ; a ^perfoii, as 
 admirably vers’d, fo wonderfully alliduous, in 
 the great and weighty affairs of State. In the 
 Houghton, neighbourhood, at Houghton, formerly flourifh’d 
 Keirfdrds. the famous family of the Neirfords ; very much 
 ( retronilla enrich’d by matching with ^ Parnel deVaulx, 
 dc Valiibus.^Ho had a great eftate about Holt, Clay, and 
 in other parts. But to return to the Ihore. 
 
 fTowards the Sea-lide, are cafl-up all along 
 little Hills, which were doubtlefs the burying- 
 places of the Danes and Saxons, upon their 
 engagements in thofe parts. Sepulchrum (fays 
 Tacitus concerning the Germans) cefpes erigit, 
 i. e. a I’urf raifes the Sepulcher. Thofe two 
 People us’d to bury the whole body, and after- 
 wards raife a hill upon it : the Romans (as 
 appears in Virgil by the burial of Mezentius) 
 made their heap of turf, but only bury’d the 
 aflics ; fo that w'hether they alfo might not 
 have fome concern in thefe Hills (tfpecially, 
 Brannodunum being fo near) cannot be difeo- 
 f Spelman. ver’d, but by digging. However, our f Learn- 
 ed Knight from thofe circumftances, has raised 
 thefe three following obleiwations ; firft, that 
 the perfons bury’d hereabouts, muff have been 
 Heathens, bccaufe the Chriffians follow’d the 
 *hfoJfts. Jew'ifti way of burying* in low places. For 
 though our word l>ury (coming from the Sa- 
 xon bypigaii, and that from beopg, a hill) de- 
 notes a riling-ground, as well as the Latin 
 tumulare, yet this is to be reckon’d amongft 
 thofe many words which Chriffians have bor- 
 row’d from the Heathens, and apply’d to their 
 own Rites and Conffitutions. Secondly, that 
 thofe parts which are noAv very fruitful in 
 llCic.de Leg. corn, were tlien uncultivated j |I becaufe the Su- 
 fubfin. perftition of the Heathens would not allow 
 
 ^ them to bury in Fields. Thirdly, that this 
 
 muff have been a feene of war between the 
 Danes and Saxons : for in the fields near Creake, 
 there is a large Saxon Fortification ; and the 
 way that goes from it is to this day call’d blood- 
 Bloodgate.^flfe, as a mark of the difmal flaughter. Here- 
 abouts, is alfo great plenty of the herb Ebulum, 
 which the inhabitants call Dane-blood, as if it 
 were the produft of their blood fpilt here.l 
 Near Walfingham, upon the fea-lhore to the 
 Brannodu- weff, ftood that ancient Brannodunum, Where, 
 num. Saxons began to infeft Britain, the 
 
 Dalmatian Horfe kept garrifon under the Count 
 of the Saxon fhore. Now, it is a Country-village, 
 retaining nothing but the remains of the name, 
 and fhewing an entrenchment (the neighbours 
 *Caftrutn, call it * Cajier) which includes fome eight acres, 
 rancafler. jg nam’d Brancafier. Here, ancient Roman 
 Coins are frequently dug-up, hand we fee the 
 plain remains of the faid Roman-camp, an- 
 fwering the figure of that which is ddcrib’d 
 by Csfar, He commanded a Camp to be made twelve 
 foot high, with a rampire and ditch eighteen foot deep. 
 
 made m haffe, but w'as regular, and defign’d 
 mi purpofe for a ffation upon that northern 
 more, againft the incurfions of the Saxons. It 
 leems to imply no more, by the name, than a 
 town upon a river y for dunum (as bepir and bupz: 
 in Saxon) fignifies as well a town, as a hill j 
 and the Britilh bran, as well as burne, fignifies a 
 rivulet, 1 hefe two we find confounded in the 
 tfie Saxon, who is fometimes 
 call d Dominus de Brane, and fometimes de Burne. 
 
 Sir Henry Spelman tells us, there were feve- 
 ral coins dug-up there, in his time likewife, 
 of which he had iome brought him; as alfo 
 two little brazen pitchers.l This was a very 
 proper place for a garrifon : for at the neigh- 
 bouring Chapel of St. Edmund, and at HuaflaMoa. 
 
 ton built by the fame St. Edmund, the fhore 
 turns— in to the fouth, and forms a large bay, 
 which is much expos’d to Pirates, and receives 
 feveral rivers. 
 
 Bell. Gall, 
 lib. 2 . 
 
 rSt. Edmunds-Cape is fo call’d, from Ed 7 nundSu^.lm\xx^i'i. 
 King and Martyr j who being by OfFa adop-Cape. 
 ted to be heir of the kingdom of the Eaff- 
 Angles,^ landed with a great Retinue from Ger- 
 many, in fome port not far from hence, call’d 
 Maiden-boure. But which it fhould be, is notMaiden- 
 fo certain : Haham is too little and obfeure j 
 nor does Burnham feem large enough to receive 
 fuch a navy upon that occafion ; tho’ it muff 
 be confefs’d that their fhips in thofe times 
 W'ere but fmali. Lenn feems to lay the beft 
 claim to it, both as the moft eminent port, 
 and becaufe that is really Maiden-boure, St. 
 
 Margaret the Virgin being as it were the tu- 
 telary Saint of that place. In honour of her, 
 the Arms of the place are three Dragons heads, 
 each wounded with a Crofs (for fhe is faid 
 with a crofs to have conquer’d a Dragon.) And 
 their pubiick Seal has the pidlure of the Vir- 
 gin, wounding the Dragon with a crofs, and 
 treading him under foot, with this infeription 
 round it : Stat Margareta, draco fugit, in cruce 
 lata. 
 
 Hunffanton aforemention’d is the place 
 where King Edmund refided near a whole year, 
 endeavouring to get by heart David’s Pjalms 
 in the Saxon languj^e. The very book was 
 religioufly preferv’d by the Monks of St. Ed- 
 mmdsbury, till the general dillblution of Mona- 
 fferies.l But neither is the place to be omit- 
 ted upon this account, that it has been the 
 feat of the fanious family of Le-Strange Knights, Le-Strange. 
 ever fince fohn Baron Le-Strange of Knockin, be- 
 ftow’d it upon his younger brother Hamon j 
 which was in the reign of Edward the fecond. 
 
 fFarther fouihward, on the fea-coaff, lies 
 Inglefthorp, t lo call’d from a village built thereingleflhorp. 
 by one Ingulp h, to whom Fhoke the great Lordf Lib. MS. 
 of thefe parts gave his only daughter in raar-^wi by Sir 
 riage; tho’, perhaps, it may be as probably ‘ 
 
 fetch’d from Jngol, a little river which runs 
 into the fea there.l 
 
 The catching of Hawks, and the abundance 
 of Fijh, with the ^ett and Amber commonly 
 found upon this coaff, I purpofely pafs by j 
 becaufe other places alfo in thofe parts afford 
 them in great plenty. Yet Sharnborn upon thissf^arnbom. _ 
 coaff is well worth our notice, becaufe' Fir//x Falix the Bi- 
 the Burgundian, vho converted the Eaft-^iop. 
 
 Angles to Chriffianity, built here the fs 
 cond Chriftian Church of that Province ( the 
 firft, he is faid to have built at Babingley, 
 where he landed.) TOf this place 7 'hoke Was 
 Lord, when Feelix came to convert the Eaft- 
 Angles. Upon his converfion to Chriffianity, 
 he built here a Church dedicated to St.. Peter 
 and St. Paul. It was very little, and (accord- 
 ing 
 
471 
 
 I C E N L 
 
 472 
 
 inp to the cuftom of that age) made of wood,; 
 for which reafon it was call’d Stock-Chapel \ and 
 was probably the very lame, that Foelix is faid 
 to hare built. As to Babingley, Foelix the 
 Apofile of the Eail-Angles, coming about the 
 year dyo, converted the inhabitants to Chri- 
 flianity, and (as hath been laid) built there 
 the firA ChriFian Church in thofe parts ; of 
 which fucceeding Ages made St. Fcclix^ the Pa- 
 tron. Some remains of this tranfaAion feem 
 to be found in the mountains call’d Cbriflian 
 hills', and in Fliuham, which imports as much 
 as the Village or Dvcelling-place of Fwlix. But to 
 return to Sharnborn^ It is alfo remarkable, 
 W’hat we are inform’d by ancient Records, 
 that the Saxon Lord of tliis place, before 
 the coming-in of the Normans, had, upon a 
 fair hearing, fentence given in favour of him 
 by the Conqueror himfelf againft Warren, on 
 whom the fame Conqueror had bellow’d it. TThe 
 name of the Lord of the place was Edwin, 
 a Dane, who came over with Canutus, Anno 
 1014. and had it by marrying an heirefs of 
 Choke's family. It appears by a Manufeript 
 quoted by Sir Henry Spelman, that his plea 
 againft Warren was, 'That he had not been aiding 
 or ajpfiing againft the King, direBly or indireBly, 
 either before, at, or after the Conqueft ', but all that 
 while kept himfelf out of arms. And this he was 
 ready to prove whenever the King pleas' d.~] Which 
 inflance is urg’d by thofe, who hold that Wil- 
 liam did not poUefs himfelf of England by 
 Conqueft, but by Treaty and Covenant. 
 TheWaflies. foremcntion’d Bay w'e call Tfbe Waftoes-, 
 
 Metarrs ^y?«-buc Ptolemy calls it j^ftuarium Metaris, polTi- 
 ATium. bly inftcad of Malrraith, a name by which the 
 Britains call’d fuch asftuaries in other places, 
 and which imports no more than an uncertain 
 aftunry, as this is. Upon it, where the river 
 Oufe enters the Ocean, is feated Limte, per- 
 haps fo n.am’d from it’s fpreading waters ; for 
 that is imply’dby in Britifti. TBut Spel- 
 man affirms, that the right name is j from 
 Len. in Saxon safarm, or temre in fee : fo Fa- 
 
 nelheu, among the Germans, is the tenure or 
 fee of a Baron ; .and Een Epifeopi is the Bifhop’s 
 firm. He further obferves (tho’ I could ne- 
 ver meet w ith any fuch word amongft our Eng- 
 lifti-Saxons) that the word Len is us’d alfo in 
 a more limited feiife by the Saxons tofigni- 
 fy Church-lands, and appeals to the fevcral names 
 • of places, w'hcrcin that fenfc of the word holds j 
 and further, ‘Ter-llen (it feems) in WeKh is 
 'Terra Eccleftaf\ I'his is a large town, almoft 
 furrounded with a deep ditch and walls, and 
 divided by two Rivulets, w'hich have fome fif- 
 , faid bridges over them. It is but of f late 
 
 ann.^ido;’. call’d not long fince Biftoop’s 
 
 Lime, becaufe till Henry the eighth’s time it 
 belong’d to the Bifhops of Norw'ich (for it 
 arofe out of the ruins of one more ancient, 
 which lies in MerfhJand over-againft it and is 
 4 And King’s call’d at this day Old Lynne, f) TBut that King 
 Lynne, C. exchanging the monaftery of St. Bennet of Hulme 
 and other lands for the revenues of the Bifhop- 
 rick ; this, among the reft, came into his hands, 
 and fo, w ith the pofleflbr, changed the name 
 Lcn Regis, into Len Regis. But altho’ it is of late date,l 
 
 yet for its fafe harbour, with an entrance very 
 eafy, for the number of merchant^ beauty of 
 buildings, and wealth of the Citizens, it f was| I5, c. 
 beyond difpute the beft town of the Iceni, Nor- 
 wich only excepted ; f(but, at prefent, Yarmouth 
 is fo much grown in trade, as to have double 
 the number of fhipping, merchants, and inha- 
 bitants.)'! It enjoys alfo very large Immuni- 
 ties, which they purchas’d of King John with 
 the price of their ow'n blood, fpent in the de- 
 fence of his caufe. For he granted them a 
 Mayor, and gave his own fw'ord to be carry ’d 
 before him f(as they affirm)! with a filvcr cup 
 gilt, which they have to this day. 
 
 [But, as to the Sword, there is fome rea- 
 fon to doubt the truth of this tradition : For 
 they tell you, it was given from King John’s 
 fide to be carry ’d before the Mayor, W'hereas 
 he did not grant them a Mayor, but only 
 a * Provoft ; and the privilege of a Mpy- * praiofituu 
 or was granted by King Henry the third, 
 as a reward for their good fervice againft the 
 Barons in the Ifle of Ely. Belides, King John’s 
 Charter makes no mention of the Sword ; fo 
 that it is probable it might be given by Henry 
 the eighth, who (after it came into his hands) 
 granted the town feveral privileges, cliaiig’d 
 their Burgeffes into Aldermen, and granted them a 
 Sword (whereof exprefs mention is made in the 
 Charter) to be carry’d before their Mayor (a).! 
 
 After K. John, they purchas’d their loft Li- 
 berties of Henry the third, not w ithout blood j 
 when rheylided with him againft the out-law’d 
 Barons, and engag’d them unfuccefsfully in the 
 Ifle of Ely. An account whereof we have in 
 the book of Ely, and in Matthew Paris. 
 
 fThis Town hath a very large Church 
 with a high fpire, built by Bifhop Hei-bert, 
 
 II who alio built the Cathedral at iVortazW;, j[ 
 with the Churches of Tarmoutb and Elmham : and de Prsfalib. 
 all this was done by way of penance, after Si- 
 mony had been charg’d upon him by the See 
 of Rome. It hath no frefh-water fprings ; but 
 is fupply’d partly by a river from Gaywood (the 
 water whereof is rais’d by Engines, and from 
 thence fome conduits in the town are fupply’d,) 
 and partly by water convey’d in leaden pipes ; 
 one from Middleton about tliree miles, the other 
 from Mintlin, about two miles off In order 
 to the Reftoration of King Charles the fecond, 
 the Harbour here was fortified, and confidera- . 
 ble forces prepar’d, by Sir Horace Townfhend of 
 Raynham in this County ; w ho was thereupon, 
 in the thirteenth year of the faid King, ad- 
 vanced to the degree of a Baron of this Realm, See pamharn, 
 by the title of Lord Townfhend of Kings- 
 Lynne.'\ 
 
 Over the river, oppofite to Lyme, lies Merft)- Mcrfiiland. 
 land, r a Peninfula, almoft furrounded with na- 
 vigable Rivers and an arm of the fea j being! 
 a low marfhy little trad (as the name implies,) 
 every where parcell’d w'ich ditches and dr.ains 
 to draw oft’ the waters [which make it look as 
 if it were cut to pieces and they liave over 
 them no lefs than one hundred and eleven 
 bridges. The whole, in the wideft part, is 
 but ten miles over, coiififting of thirty thou- 
 fand Acres.! The foil is exceeding fat ; and 
 
 (a) I find a loofe Paper of Sir Henry SpelmatPs, dated Sept, 15. 1630, to this purpoie ; That he was then d 
 hy the Town-Clerk of Xe«, that the Sword-bearer about fifty years before, came to the School-mafler of the 
 place, and defir’d him, becaufe one fide of the hilt of the Town-fword was plain and without any Infcription, that 
 he would direct how to engrave upiB it, That, King John gave that Sword, to the Town. Whereupon he cau- 
 fed the perfon who gave this infbrm.ition and was then his Scholar, to write thefe words, Enfts hie juit donum Regu 
 yohannU a fuo ipfius latere datum ; i, e. This Sioord mas the Gift of King ^ohn, given from his ownfide \ alter 
 which, the Sword-bearer carry’d the writing to a Goldfmith, and caus’d him to engrave it. So that, by this 
 account, whatever Infcription of that nature may be now upon it, muft not of it fell be interpreted to amount 
 to a full proof of that Antiquity, which the matter 0 ^ the Infcription fees forth, 
 
 ^ (turning 
 
173 
 
 NORFOLK. 
 
 47 + 
 
 (turning to more account by grafs than corn) 
 .-.^breeds abundanee of cattel ; fo that in the place 
 ■jili-eyi call’d ‘Tilney-Smetb (tho’ not any way above tw'o 
 Smeth. miles over) there feed to the number of about 
 thirty thoufand Uteep, fbelides the pahure of 
 all the larger cattel belonging to the feven 
 villages there.1 But the fea, what by beating, 
 wafhing away, overflowing, and demolifhing, 
 makes fuch frequent and violent attempts upon 
 them, that they have much ado to keep it out 
 by the help of the ftrongeft banks, flndeed, 
 the enven fuperficies, and other circumftances, 
 feem to argue its being formerly recover d from 
 the fea by the induftry of the ancient inhabi- 
 tants. And Sir Henry Spelman tells us, that 
 within his memory, there were two general 
 o^^crflow’ings, one of fait, and the other ot frefh, 
 water. By the latter (as appear’d upoe oath 
 taken before the Commiflioners appoi^ed to 
 ihfpeft that affair, whereof Sir Henry W^s one) 
 the inhabitants fufter’d forty-two thoufand 
 pounds damage. For the water did not then 
 break down the bank (as at other times) but 
 ran over it, at leaft a whole toot. They are 
 
 * within a few years fallen upon an expedient, 
 which, it is hoped, will prove a good defence 
 to the mofl: dangerous and weakeft parts 
 namely, a fubflantial brick-wall with earth, 
 which (where it w'as well contrivM) hath re- 
 fifted the tides ; whereas the value of the eftates 
 W'as almoft yearly laid out in the old way of 
 imbanking.'l 
 
 The moft confiderable places in this tradf, 
 Wilpole. are, Walpole { (i. e. a pool mar the laall or rampiret 
 of the fame original with its neighbours IVal- 
 tonj and Walfokeif] which the Lord of the 
 Place formerly gave to the Church of Ely with 
 his fon, w'hom he made a Monk there : Wl- 
 genhall, the pofleffion of J. Howard in the reign 
 of Edward the firil, whofe pofterity grew into 
 a moE honourable and illuftrious family : ’Til- 
 ney before-mention’d, which gave name to the 
 Tilneys, ancient family of the T^ilneys Knights j and St. 
 St, Maries. MarieSy the feat of the ancient family of the 
 Ann. Caruth. 
 
 And thus we have furvey’d the whole fea- 
 coaft. More inward, on the w'eft-lide of the 
 County, there are alfo feveral towns ; but 1 
 will only touch upon them, becaufe many of 
 Do\vnham( them are of a late date. \ Dovenham is fo call’d 
 from its hilly fituation (for 6 un fignilies a hiUy 
 and ham % dwelling.) In fome old Records it 
 is call’d Downebam-hithey i. e. Downebam-porty 
 
 * from the river upon w'hich it hands. The pri- 
 vilege of a Market belonging to this place, 
 is of a very ancient date, for it is confirm’d 
 by Edward the Confefibr, A little more north- 
 
 Stow.Bar* W'ard is Stow-Bardolfy where Nicholas Hare built 
 delf, a ftately houfe j but Hugh Harey brother to 
 NicbolaSy was he who fo much improv’d the 
 eftare j and, dying without marriage, left a 
 vaft Inheritance between two nephews. Not far 
 Weft-Dcrc- from hence lies Weft-Derehanty famous for the 
 ham. birth of Hubert Waltery who being bred up un- 
 der the famous Lord Chief Juftice GlawviUey 
 became Archbifhop of Canterbury, Lord Chan- 
 cellor under King Richard the firft. Legate 
 to Pope Celefline the fourth, and Chief Juftice 
 of all England. The refpea which he had 
 for the place, oblig’d him to build a Religious 
 houfe there, wherein (as an inftance of grati- 
 tude for the many favours he had receiv’d) he 
 order’d, that they fhould conftantly pray for 
 the foul of his great patron, Ralph de Gian- 
 fNsar, C. villa.'] fOn other fide d Linne, is Rijjng 
 feated on a high hill, and vying with 
 that at Norwich. It was formerly the feat of 
 the Albinies j afterwards of Robert de Mom- 
 
 hault by marriage with the fifter and coheir 
 of Hugh de Albiney Earl of Arundel ; and 
 laftly of the Mo-wbrays, defeended (as I have 
 been told) from the fame ftock with tlie Albinies. 
 
 But now it is ruinated, and as it were expi- 
 ring with age. fl’o fortify the faid caftle, 
 there is alfo a vaft circular ditch j the form 
 whereof (according to Procopius’s defeription) 
 anfwers the Gotliick manner of fortifying : 
 and therefore it is probably a work of the 
 Normansy who were defeended from the Goths. 
 
 The Saxons indeed made their fojfe circular, 
 but then it was more narrow, lefs deep, and 
 generally of greater circumference. But the 
 Romans alfo feem to have had fomething of a 
 fortification Iiere the fhore being much ex- 
 pos’d to Piracies (wherein the Saxons fhew’d 
 therafelves great mafters j) and the place, as 
 it were, guarding and overlooking one of the 
 beft harbours in thofe parts. Belides, there 
 was dug-up near this place a Coin of Conftan- 
 tine the Great, which Sir Henry Spelman fays was 
 brought to him. Near this is Congham, ho- Corglum. 
 nour’d with the birth of Sir Henry Spelmany 
 that great Oracle of the Law, and a true Patron 
 of the Clergy j and indeed the Glory of the 
 Englifh Nation.1 Below, is where Caftle-acre. 
 
 formerly the Earls of Warren dwelt, in a Ca- 
 ftle now ruinous, which flood upon a little ri- 
 ver. The river 4 s anonymous, riling not far 
 from Godwickey a lucky name, where is a fmall Godwicke. 
 feat j but made great by the ornament it re- 
 ceiv’d from the famous Sir Edward Coohy Kt. 
 a perfon of admirable parts than whom as 
 no one ever apply’d himfelf clofer to the ftudy 
 of the Common-Law, fo never did any one 
 underftand it better. Of which he fully con- 
 vinc’d England, by his excellent adminiftration 
 for many years together, whilft Attorney-Ge- 
 neral, t and by executing the office of" Lord f And jUll 
 Chief Juftice of the Common-Pleas fand King’s- 
 Bench,l with the greateft wifdom and prudence. 
 
 Nor did he give lefs proof of his abilities, in 
 his Commentaries upon our Laws, whereby he 
 has highly oblig’d both his own Age, and 
 Pofterity. [ Near Godwkke, is Roughamy once Ro»gkam. 
 
 ' the feat of the Telvertons y of whom, WtUiamy 
 under Henry the fixth, Cbriflopber under Queen 
 Elizabeth, and Henry under King Charles the 
 firft, were Lords Chief Juftices of England.1 
 The foremention’d little river glides gently 
 weftward to Limey by Neirj'ord, w'hich gave Neirfofd, 
 name to the famous family of the Neirfords j 
 and by Neirborroughy where (near the feat of 
 the knightly family of Spilman) is a flrong and 
 ancient military entrenchment upon a high hill, 
 very conveniently fituated for the defence of 
 the neighbouring Country. TThe termination 
 of the name feems to fuggtft fomething of an- 
 tiquity, and the place it felf anfw'ers the name. 
 
 For ( befides the fortification,) ‘from hence to 
 Oxburghy there has been a military fojfe, tho’ 
 now levell’d in fome places. And Sir Clement 
 Spelman, in contriving an Orchard at the foot 
 of the hill, dug-up the bones of men in great 
 abundance, andlikewife old pieces ofarmour .1 
 
 Next, Penteney is plac’d upon the fame rivu-pg^feney. 
 let, fa little Religious houfe,1 w'hich was for- 
 merly a common burying-pla.ee for the Nobility 
 of thofe parts. 
 
 Neighbour to this, is Wormegay, commonly Wormegay, 
 Wrongey, which Reginald de Warren brother of 
 William de Warren fecond Earl of Surrey, had 
 with his wife i who ( as I have read ) wm oj 
 the donation or Maritage of the faid 
 they worded it in that age. By his Ion s 
 daughter it prefently went to the Bardolphs, Barons Bar- 
 noble and honourable Barons, who flounfh d aolph. 
 
 O 0 o for 
 
475 
 
 IC ENJ. 
 
 runt. 
 
 L’ Office de 
 Napparyre. 
 
 Philofopli. 
 Tranf. N. 
 
 for a long time, and bore time Cinque-foils Or 
 in a field aTjire. A great part of their eltate, 
 together ■with the title, came to IVillimn Phel- 
 lips, and by his daughter to the Vifeount Beau- 
 Swaffham. mom. More to the caft, we fee Siuaffbam, a 
 famous market-town, formerly the polleffion of 
 Afliele. the Earl of Richmond : ^j^e/e-manour, in right 
 whereof the HaflingSy and the Greys Lords of 
 \\Olim prefue- Rutbun, U had formerly the overlight of the 
 Tablc-cloaths and Napkins made ufe of at 
 the Coronation of the Kings of England : 
 North-Elmbam, where the Bifhops had their 
 feat for fome time, when tlie Diocefe was di- 
 vided into two. fThis, till wdthin thefe two 
 ages, was never under the jurifdiclion of any 
 lecuiar Lord. For, under the Heathens, it is ' 
 faid to have been the habitation of a Flamin ; : 
 and after their converhoii to Chriftianity by 
 FeliXi it came into the polleflion of the Bi- 
 Jfhops. 'Fhe See wasfrft at Dm-<s}ich, but tvhen 
 it was thought too great for the management 
 of one, it was divided into two Diocefes, the 
 one to refide at Dunwich for Suffolk, and the 
 other at Elmham for Norfolk. Near this North- 
 Elmbaniy have been lately difeover’d great quan- 
 tities of Urns ; which had generally nothing in 
 them but Allies, and pieces of broken bones.l 
 Dcrcham. ^^ext, is Derei.!??! [(called alfo Eaff-Dereham, 
 and Market-Dcreham _)1 where was bury^d 
 IVithhurga daughter of King Anna, -who di- 
 vorcing her felt entirely from the luxury and 
 levities of the W'orld, and being a Virgin of 
 great fanftity, was by our Anceflors cano- 
 niz’d a Saint. [This, having been almoit 
 burnt to the ground, is now rebuilt into a 
 fair town i and Hingbamy another market-town 
 not far from it, hath had both the fame fate, and 
 GrclTenhall. the fame remedy .1 Next to Derehanty is Gref- 
 fenhaU, with its neighbour Elfing i both, former- 
 FolHot. iy, the poflelTions of the FoUiotSy perfons of great 
 honour in their time. By the daughter of Ri- 
 chard Follioty they came to Hugh de HaRings of 
 tile family of Abergeuenny : and at length, by the 
 daughters and heirs of Hugh Hafting the laft, 
 Grejfenhall came toHamon le Strange q? Hunfian- 
 ftoKy and Elfing to WiUicm Brovsn brother of 
 Anthony Brovin firll Vifeount Montacute. In this 
 Bradenham. q^^tcr allb is \Bradenhamy from W’heiice Tho- 
 mas IVindfory in the reign of King Henry the 
 eighth, had the title of Lord Windfor of Bra- 
 deiiham j andl Ic-borough, which Talbot takes 
 to be the Icianiy mention’d by Antbninus. Nor 
 need I fay any more about thefe parrs, [but 
 Wceting. that fome four miles from hence, lies Weetingy 
 near Brandon-ferry ; wherein is an old wafted 
 Caftle, moated about j and at a mile’s diftance 
 eaftwaid, is a hill with certain ftnall trenches or 
 Gimes-gvavc 5 .ancient fortifications, call’d Gimes-gravesy of 
 which name the Inhabitants can give no ac- 
 count. On the weft-fide of this place, from 
 the edge of the Fen, arifes a bank and ditch, 
 which, running-on for fome miles, parts the 
 bound of Westing from Wilton rndFeltwelh, and 
 IS call d the Fofs. In the fields of Weetingy is 
 a fine green way, call’d Walfingham-v:ayy be- 
 ing the road for the Pilgrims to the Lady of 
 Walfmgham. And about a mile from the town, 
 to the north, is another like it from Hockvsold 
 and Wilteny upon which are two ftump cfoffes 
 of ftone, fuppofed to be fet there for diredion 
 to the PiJgrims.l 
 
 I have now nothing to do, but to reckon- 
 up the Earls and Dukes of Norfolk, and fo to 
 go on to Cambridgefliire, 
 
 Earls and William the Conqueror placed one Ralph o- 
 pukesofNor.ver the Country of the Eafi-Angles, that is, 
 the Counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cam- 
 
 476 
 
 bridgefhire : but he was quickly depriv’d (as 
 I obferv’d before,) for attempting Innovations 
 in the State. Some years after, in the reign 
 of King Stephen, Hugh Bigod was Earl of Nor- 
 folk. For when a Peace was concluded be- 
 tween Stephen and Henry of Anjou ( afterwards 
 Henry the fecond,) it was exprclly provided, betwee^ King 
 that Ton oi Stepheuy fhould have thc*#f»and^ 
 
 whole County of Norfolk (except, among other 
 things, the third pemy vjhkh belonged to Hugh°^^"^°“* 
 Bigod 05 Earl : ) whom, notwithftanding, King 
 Henry the fecond, afterwards made Earl of the 9^0},. Mon- 
 third penny of Norfolk and Norwic. In the 3 7th tends, 
 of Henry the fecond, upon his death, his fon 
 Roger fucceeded him, who, for I know nor 
 what reafon, procur d a new Creation-Ch.irter 
 from Richard the firft. Roger was fucceeded by 
 his {on Hughy -w'ho marry ’d A/iiuiicldeft daugh- 
 ter and coheir of EFilliam Murfijal Earl of Pem- 
 broke. By her, he had Roger Earl of Norfolk 
 and Marfhal of England, who * having put his * Xaxtff/Vcffr- 
 Limbs out of joint at a Tournament, dy’d ports artUulit. 
 without iflue j and Hugh Bigody Jufticiary of 
 England, and ftaiii in the battle of Le-ebesy vvhofe 
 fon Roger fucceeded his Uncle in the dignity of * 
 
 Earl ol Norfolk, and Marfhal. But when his 
 infolenc and ftubborn behaviour had brought 
 him under the difpleafure of Edward the firft, 
 he was fore d to pafs-over his hono'urs, and al- 
 moft his whole eftate, to the King, for the ufe 
 of T'komaa de Brothertony the King’s fon by Mar- 
 garet fifter to Philip the Fairy King of France. 
 
 For fq the account is in a Hiftory belonging to 
 the Library of St. Augufiins in Canterbury. In 
 the year 1301. Roger Bigod Earl of Norfolk 
 made King Edward his heiry and delivered up to bint 
 the Adarfhal s rody upon this conditiony ^hat if his 
 wife bore him any childreny all fioould be return’d, 
 and he fi)ould hold it peaceably without any leu on 
 the King s part. And the King gave him a thou- 
 fand pounds in money, and a thoufand f pounds \ Librausi 
 in lands for life, with the 'Titles of Marfhal and 
 But he dying without ilfuc. King Ed- 
 
 1,., r. ] 1 . f ° , 
 
 Elfing. 
 
 Ic-boroiigh, 
 Iciani. 
 
 Earl. 
 
 ward the fecond, by virtue of the furrender 
 above-mention’d, honour’d his brother Thomoi 
 Brotherton with the titles of Marfiml, and Earl 
 of Norfolk. But his daughter Margaret (call’d 
 Lady and Couutefs of Norfolk, and Pari. 21 
 
 marry d to John Lord Segravef) "was created Rich. 2. 
 Dutchefs of Norfolk for life by King Richard 
 the fecond j who at the fame time created 
 Thomas^ Mowbray ( Earl of Nottingham and 
 grandchild to Margaret by a daughter) firft 
 Duke of Norfolk to him and his heirs males l ha- Dukes. • 
 ving before granted him the dignity and file of 
 Earl Marfhal of England. This is he who ac- 
 cus d Henry of LancaRer Earl of Hereford, to 
 the King, for uttering reproachful and mali- 
 cious words againft his Majefty. And when 
 they were to try it by duel, a Herald by the 
 King’s authority pronounced fentence at the 
 very Lifts, that both fhould be banifh’d, Lan- 
 cafler for ttm years, but Mowbray for life, who 
 dy’d at Venice, leaving two foils behind him 
 ill England. Of whom, Thomas, Earl Mar- 
 fhal and Earl of Nottingham (for he had no 
 other title) upon raifing a confpiracy, was be- 
 headed by Henry of Lancafier, who had then 
 poflefs d himfelf of the Crown, under the name 
 of Henry the fourth. But his brother and heit, 
 
 John, by favour of Henry the fifth, w'as 
 reftor d ; and being, for fome years after, ftil’d 
 only Marjhaly and Earl of Nottingham, upon 
 Henry the fixth’s coming to the Crown, was 
 ill virtue of a Patent granted by Richard the Rot. Pari, 
 fecond, as fon of Thomas Duke of Norfolk his 3 Hen. 
 father, and heir to Thomas his brother, declar’d 
 
 Duke 
 
478 
 
 477 
 
 NORFOLK. 
 
 Duke of Norfolk, by authority of Parliament. 
 He was fucceeded by his fon who dyM 
 
 in the firft year of Edward the fourth ; and 
 he alfo by his fon of that name, who in thfe 
 lite-time of his father was, by Henry the fixth^ 
 par!. I? created Earl of Surrey and Warren. Whofe oh- 
 Edw. 4 ‘ ly daughter Anne w-as marry ’d to Richard Duke 
 of York, King Edward the fourth^’s fon, and 
 with her, he received from his father the titles 
 of Norfolk, Karl Marfhal, Warren and Notting- 
 ham. But both he and his wife being taken 
 away while very young, Richard the third 
 King of England confer ’d the title of Duke 
 of Norfolk, and the authority of Earl Marfoal, 
 upon fohn Howard, v'ho was found Kinfman 
 and one of the heirs of Anne Dutchefs of York 
 and Norfolk abovc-mention’d. For his mother 
 was one of the daughters of the hrft T’homai 
 Mowbray Duke of Norfolk, and King Edward 
 the fourth advanc'd him to the dignity of a 
 Baron. 'I’his John w'as kill'd in the battle of 
 Bofwonh, fighting valiantly for Richard againfi: 
 Henry the feventh. His fon T^ljomas ( who by 
 creation from Richard the third, was Earl of 
 Surrey) was by King Henry the eighth reftor’d 
 to his father’s title of Norfolk, after he had 
 routed the Scotch-army at Floddon, wherein 
 James the firft King ot Scots was flain. In 
 memory of which Viftory, it was granted to 
 the family of the Howards, that in the middle 
 of the Wloite Bend in their Arms, there fhould 
 An honorary b® added. In an Efcocheon Or, a demy Lion fhot 
 Efcoebeon in through the mouth with an arrow, within a double 
 the Arms of treffure adorn d with Lilies on both Jides Gules : 
 the Hovoaris, comes t'ery near to the Arms of the 
 
 Kings of Scotland. He was fucceeded by his fon 
 *Our own, ThomM, whom the * laft Age faw tofs’d about 
 C. * with the ebbs and flows of Fortune. His 
 Grandchild Thomas, by his fon Henry (w'hich 
 See in the Henry was the firft of our Englifh Nobility, 
 Adages of grac’d his high birth with the ornaments 
 /chi£' of Learning) being attainted of High Treafon 
 votum. for endeavouring a match with Mary Queen 
 of Scots, and in the year 1572. beheaded, was 
 4 The laft t laft of thofe more ancient Dukes of 
 Duke, C. Norfolk. From which time his pofterity as it 
 were lay dead ; till, by the favour and bounty 
 of King James fthe ift 1 they began to revive 
 and flourifh again. TBy the Attainder of the 
 laft 7 'homas, the title of Duke of Norfolk being 
 taken away, Philip his eldeft fon was call’d on- 
 ly Earl of Arundel, by defeent from his mo- 
 ther : and he being attainted of High Treafon for 
 • favouring the Popifh party, had the fentence 
 of death pafs'd upon him but his execution 
 being forborn, he dy’d in the Tower An. 
 1S95- His fon and only child T'homas was cre- 
 ated Earl of Norfolk Jun. 6. 20 Car. i. and 
 dy’d at Padua An. 1645. leaving two fons, 
 Henry and T'homas, of whom Henry fucceeded his 
 
 father ; and he likewife was fucceeded by T'ho- 
 mas h\s eldeft fon in his Titles of Earl of A- 
 Yundel, Surrey, and Norfolk, who at the humble 
 petition of feveral of the ISlobility, was, May 
 8. I ? Car. 2. reftor’d to the tide of Duke of 
 Norfolk. Bur he dying without ifliie, the Ho- 
 nour defeended to Henry Lord Howard his next 
 Brother, who was fucceeded therein t'by Henry 
 his eldeft fon ; wlio leaving no iflue, was fuc- 
 ceeded by T'homas, fon of Thomas his younger 
 brother, in whom the Hohour at prefent re- 
 mains. I 
 
 ’there are in this County ahm 660 Parifi- 
 Churches. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Norfolk. 
 
 Atriplex maritima noftras Ocimi minoris fo- 
 lio. Sea-Orrache with fmall Baftl leaves. Found 
 by Dr . Plukenet near Kings-Lynne. 
 
 Acorus verus five Calamus Officiuarum.P^ay;^. 
 Tfhe fweet-fmelling Flag or Calamus. Obferved by 
 Sir T'homas Brown in the river Tare near Norwich. 
 See the Synonymes in Surrey. 
 
 Lychnis vifeofa flore mufeofo C. B. Sefamoi- 
 des Salamanticum magnum Ger. Mufcipula Sa- 
 lamantica major Park. Mufcipula mufeofo 
 flore feu Ocymoides Belliforme J. B. Spaniflj 
 Catchjly. By the way-fides aU along as you travel 
 from Barton-mills to Thetford, plentifully. . 
 
 Spongia ramofa fluviatilis. Branched river- 
 fponge. In the river Tare near Norwich. 
 
 I’urritis Ger. vulgatior J. B. Park. Brallica 
 fylveftris foliis integris & hifpidis C B. Tow- 
 er-mufiard. In the hedges about the mid-way between 
 Norxakh and Yarmouth. 
 
 Verbafeum pulverulentum flore luteo parvo 
 J. B. an mas foliis anguftioribus, floribus pal- 
 lidis C B. Hoary Mullein. About the wads of 
 Norwich. 
 
 Vermicularis frutex minor Ger. Shrub Stone- 
 crop. This was fhe-wd us by Sir T'homas Brown 
 of Norwich, voho had it from the fea-coafl of 
 Nofolk. See the Synonymes in Gloceflerfhire. 
 
 Urtica Romana Ger. Park. Roman Nettle. 
 At Yarmouth by the lanes jides not far from the 
 Key. 
 
 N. Tfavelling from Lynne to Norwich, I ob- 
 ferved by the way-Jide not far from, Norwich the 
 Medica fylveftris J. B. which is ufually with a 
 yellow flower, and therefore called by Clufius Medi- 
 ca frutefeens flavo flore, to vary in the colour of 
 the flower, and to become purplijh like the Burgym- 
 dy Trfoil or SainSi-foin. 
 
 1; 
 
479 
 
 ICENI. 
 
 480 
 
 CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 
 
 ORE into the in-land Coun- 
 try, lies the County ot 
 Cambridge) by the Saxons call- 
 ed rDpancabpycgj-cyp and1 
 Erpentbpigs-j-cype, fby later 
 Writers, according to the 
 feveral ages wlierein they li- 
 \’cd, Cantehrigejire, Grantebridgefcire, Cantebrigge- 
 fcbire^ It is now commonly called Cambridge- 
 fiire 5 and is ftretchM length-ways to the northj 
 and borders upon Norfolk and Suffolk on the 
 eaft, Effex and Hertfordshire on the fouth, Bed- 
 fordpire and Huntingdonpire on the - weft, and 
 Lincolnpire on the north. The river Oufey run- 
 ning from weft to eaft, crofl'es, and divides it 
 into two parts. The fouth and lower part is 
 more improv’d, better planted, and confequent- 
 ly more rich and fertile, than the other j 
 fufficiently plain, but not quite level j chiefly, 
 or indeed wholly (letting afide that part which 
 produces plenty of Saffron) confifting of Corn- 
 fields, abundantly ftor’d with the beft Barley, 
 Bjhs, Malt.pf which they make great quantities of Byne 
 or Malt, by fteeping it till it fprout again, 
 and then drying it over a Kiln : and this the 
 Englifli make their Beer of. The Inhabitants 
 drive a gainful trade with it, into the neigh- 
 bouring Counties. The north and farther part, 
 by realon of the floods, fens, and the many 
 lllands, is call’d the 0/ Ely j abounds with 
 rich paftures, exceeding frefli and pleafant, but 
 hollow and fpungy, by reafon of the waters 
 that undermine the Soil j which allb fome- 
 times overflow, and drown the greateft part 
 of it. 
 
 TTliis County hath of late years had two 
 very conliderable improvements, of its foil) and 
 air : the firft by planting great quantities of 
 Saintjohie (which is brought from foreign parts, 
 and thrives only in very dry and barren ground i) 
 the fecond by draining the fens in the Ifte of 
 Ely, a work that was carry ’d on at vaft ex- 
 pence, but has at laft turn’d to double ac- 
 count, both in gaining much ground, and 
 mendmg the reft; and alfo in refining and 
 clearing the air of this Country.l 
 Erining- One of the. Roman high-ways (call’d Erming- 
 Hreet. p-eat iw the £/y-book) runs along the weft-fide 
 of the lower part, and carries us direcftly to 
 Royflon. Huntingdon, by Royflon, a town on the borders 
 See Htnftrd- of the County, of fome note, but of no anti- 
 f}ire. ^i^ity, flying partly in Hertfordlhire and partly 
 
 in tins County ;1 of which we have fpoken 
 Caxton. before : and likewife through Caxton, formerly 
 the Barony of Stephen de Efchallers, from whofe 
 pofterity it defeended to the Frevills in the 
 time of Henry the third, and from them, by 
 the BurgoinS) to the jermins. Nor is Gamling- 
 hay far oft, the habitation formerly of the A've- 
 neUS) whofe eftate came by marriage to the 
 ancient family of St. George ; a family, that 
 fince Henry the firft has produc’d many worthy 
 Knights, who Jiv’d at Hatley, from them call’d 
 Hatley St. Hatley St. George. 
 
 George. More weftward, there is a little river which 
 runs through the middle of this part, from 
 South to North, to mix with the Oufe ; rifing 
 at Ap-well) and palEng with many windings by 
 Shengay. Shengay (where are the moft pleafant meadows 
 of the County,) formerly, a Commandery of 
 the Knights Templars, given to them by Sibyl, 
 daughter of Roger Mont-gomery Earl of Slirews- 
 
 bury and wife of J. de Raines, in the year 1130. 
 
 A little way oft', is \lVimple, a feat of the Lord Wiaipi-, 
 Harley, by marri.age with the heirefs of John 
 late Duke of Newcaftle ; and 1 B«r«^-caftle,Burne.caftIe' 
 which \vas anciently the Barony of one Picot, Barons of * 
 Sheriff of this County, and alfo of the Peverills,^'-^'^^^' 
 by one of whofe daughters the Inheritance and 
 Honours came to Gilbert Peche ; the laft of Barnwell- 
 which family, after he had advanced his fe-Hiit. 
 cond wife’s children, made King Edward the The King 
 firft his heir. In thofe days, the Englifli No-^*®lf pd- 
 bility brought up the ancient Roman cuftom'^*‘^®P®'^^®^‘ 
 in the time of their Emperors, of making their 
 Princes their heirs, whenever they were out 
 of favour. This Caftle was burnt down in the 
 Barons war in Henry the third’s time ; being 
 fet on fire, by one Ribald de Infula, or L'ljle ; 
 at which time, Walter of Cottenham, a great 
 man, was hang’d for rebellion. • 
 
 fNear the fame river, is Trumpingm, wherq, Tmmping- 
 in a place call’d Dam-hill, have been difeover’d ton. ^ 
 Roman Urns, Patera’s,, and other antiquities £>a'n-hill. 
 of that People ; together with great numbers 
 of liuman bones.1 
 
 It is uncertain, by what name former wti- 
 ters call’d this river ; fome will have it to be 
 Grant, but others Cam ; w'hich laft to me feems 
 moft probable, both becaufe it is fo crooked (for 
 fo the Britifli word Cam fignifies; w hence a Cam rir, 
 crooked river in Corntual is call’d Camel ; ) and 
 alfo, becaufe old Camboritum (a tow'n men- 
 tion’d by Antoninus in his third Journey in 
 Britain) flood upon it, as I am perfwaded both 
 by its diftance and name, and alfo by the 
 great number of Roman Coins, found nigh 
 the bridge. For Camboritmn iignifies a - 
 
 over Cam, or a crooked ford ; the word rith 'm^hh, its %* 
 the Britifh language fignifying a ford. I men- nification in 
 don this, that the French may better under- 
 ftand the meaning of Anguflpritum, Darioritum, * ' 
 Rithomagus, &c. in their own Country. How- 
 ever the Siixons chofe to ufe Erjaant:-cea}-cep 
 and Dponc-ceaprep for our Camboritum ; which 
 name it ftill retains, but I cannot yet find the 
 derivation of it. To derive it from a Saxon 
 word * Gron (a fenny place,) might prove a mi-* xhe mean- 
 ftakej yet Aperitii, more than once, hasing of Groa. 
 call’d fome fenny grounds in Somerfetfliircj^o''*^^.')'* 
 Gronneu paludoppmas, which is a mixture 
 Saxon and Latin ; and it is well known, that 
 a city in Wefl-FriezJand, of the like fituation, 
 is call’d Groneingen. But let others Iiunt after 
 the Etymology of it. About the year 700, 
 
 Bede faith, "This voas a little defolate city, when 
 he tells us, that jtifl by its walls, was found a little 
 trough or coffin of white marble delicately wrought, 
 with a lid of the fame, exaUly fitted for it. Now, 
 it is a fmall village ; part whereof Henry Lacy, 
 
 Earl of Lincoln, gave to his baftard-fon Henry ; 
 on condition that his pofterity. (wliich have 
 been long fince extind) fiiouid take no other 
 name but Henry. King Henry the fixth of the 
 Houfe of Lancafier, to whom the eftate of Earl 
 Lade fell, fettled tlie other part upon his own 
 College, call’d King's, in Cambridge ; which Cambridge, 
 town was either a Limb, or the daughter of 
 the ancient Camboritum ; it is fo nigh it in 
 name and fituation. Nor am I apt to believe, 
 that Cam was ever form’d out of Gram ; for 
 this is a change too forc’d and ftr.ain’d, w'hcre 
 all the letters are loft but one. I Ihould ra- 
 ther think, that the common people might 
 
481 
 
 C JMB RIDG ES HIRE. 
 
 482 
 
 keep to the old name of Camhorhum, or the 
 
 Keep ee. eiie e-p ... — - . -- 
 
 liver Cam, tho’ Writers more commonly us d 
 ilflir Pti' I'te Saxon word Grantiridge ; hand it is fup- 
 mordip. 33 -pos’d by fomo to be the Cuir-G™«t) other- 
 wife Grant, mention’d by Ninnius among the 
 twenty-eight Britifh Cities. The Saxons alfo 
 name it Dpantanbpycge, Epaircabpicge, and 
 Epalltebpise.l - , , 
 
 This City, the other Univemty, the other 
 Eye, .and Stay, of the Kingdom, this famous 
 Magazine of Learning and Religion, Hands on 
 the river Cam ; which, after it has made feVefal 
 pleafant little IHands on the well-lide of it, 
 turns to the eaft, and divides the town into 
 two parts ; fo that it is joyn’d by a brieve, 
 which hath given it that new er name of Cam- 
 bridge. Beyond tho bridge, are, a large old 
 caftle (well-nigh deilroy’d by Age ; ) and Mag- 
 dfl/m-College. On this lide the bridge (where 
 lies the tar greateft part of the town) there 
 is a pleafant profpedt of well-contriv d Streets, 
 of a good number of Churches, and of fixteen 
 fair Colleges, wherein. great numbers of worthy 
 and learned men are maintain’d, and where the 
 lludics of Arts and Languages do exceedingly 
 flourilh; fo that they may defervedly be term d 
 the Fomaaim of Religion and Learning, which 
 fcatter their wholefom flreams, through she 
 Gardens of Church and State. Nor is^ there 
 any thing wanting, that is requir’d in the 
 moil flourifhing Univerlity ; were not the Air 
 a little too grofs, by reafon of its fenny litua- 
 tioil. But perhaps the firft founders of it 
 were of Plato’s opinion ; who being of a ftrong 
 conilitution himielf, made choice of the Aca- 
 demy for his ftudies (which was a very un- 
 wholefoni place in Attica) the better to keep 
 under the body, that it might not too much 
 clog the brain. However, our Ancellors, nmn of 
 great wifdom, did, not without the divine Dire- 
 tiion, dedicate this place to Learning and Study, 
 and adorn it with many noble buildings. 
 
 That we may not feem guilty of the Worlt 
 fort of ingratitude to thole em.inent Patrons 
 of Learning, or (to ufe Eumenius’s words) thole 
 Parents of our Children ; let us briefly, out of 
 the Cambridge-Hi&orY, make mention of them, 
 and their Colleges, which they confecrated to 
 Literature and their own immortal Fame. 1 he 
 ftory goes, that Cantaier a Spaniard, three hun- 
 dred and feventy-five years before Chrilt, hut 
 founded this Univerlity, and that Sebert King 
 of the Eall-Angles reftor’d it in the year of 
 
 • our Lord <130. Afterwards! it lay a long tinre 
 
 negleaed, and was overthrown by the Duiilh 
 Storms, till all things revivfd under the Nor- 
 man Government. Soon fter, Inns, Hoftels, 
 and Halls were built for Students, tho with- 
 Jolin Endowments. But nugh BalJhamBiihoip 
 
 ofEly, founded the firll College, calldPrw- 
 heufe, in the year 12S4, and endow d it. 
 rwheii he was only Prior of Ely, he began 
 the foundation of this houfe (about the year 
 iaS7, ) without ‘frumpington-gate nrar the 
 Church of St. Peter ; from whence it feems 
 to have taken the name. But all the advan- 
 tage which the Scholars had at firft, was on- 
 ly” the convenience of Chambers, which ex- 
 empted them from thofe high rents that the 
 Townfmen had us’d to exaft of them I M 
 endowment (as we have faid) was fettled by 
 the fame Hugh when Bilhop, m 1284, for a 
 Mailer, fourteen Fellow, Sec. which numbe 
 St be increas’d or diminilh’d, according to 
 the improvementor 
 
 His example was imitated by the follow- 
 ing perfons ; Ricbard Sadm, with the bap 
 of the Lady Elnabeth Clare Councefs of Ulfter, 
 
 founded Clare-haU^ in the year 13 40J fhaving Clare-liall. 
 
 Colleges. 
 
 . . iit Ltit: iiiavxiig 
 
 before, built a houfe call’d Uaiverftty-hall, Unlvcrfty- 
 wherein the Scholars liv’d upon their own ex-hall, 
 pence for fixteen years, till it was burnt down 
 by a cafual fire. The founder, finding himfelf 
 unequal to the charge of rebuilding it, had 
 the alTiftance of the faid EUzrabeth, third filler • 
 and coheir of Gilbert Earl of Clare, through 
 whofe liberality it was built .again, and en- 
 dow’d. It is, at prefent, one of the neateft 
 and moft uniform Houfes in the Univerlity : 
 having been lately new built, all of Free-ftone.l 
 The Lady Mary St. Paul Countefs of Pem- 
 broke, iom\dt6.Pembroke-haU) in the year i347:Pembrdke- 
 fShe was third wife to Auihmare deValentia'^^'^' 
 
 Earl of Pembroke j and her husband being 
 unhappily flain at a T^iklni on the wedding- 
 day, fte entirely fequefter’d her felf from all 
 worldly delights ; and, devoting her felf to God, 
 amongll other pious adks built this College,' 
 which was afterwards much augmented by the 
 benefaftions of others.] 
 
 The Society of Friars in Corpus Chrlfli founded 
 Corpus CImflt College^ call’d alfo St.Beneds Codege, ann. St. B-ennet's* 
 i345:rThisarofeout oitssoGuilds ox Fraternities : College, 
 one of Corpus-Chrifiii and the other of the Blef- 
 fed Virgin. Thefe, after long emulation, being uni- 
 ted into one Body, did by a joint interell build 
 this College, which has its name from the ad- 
 joyning Church of St. Benedilh I’heir greatell' 
 modern Benefaftor was Matthevo Parker, once 
 Mailer of the College, and afterwards Arch- 
 bilhop of Canterburv, who, by his prudent 
 management, recovered feveral Rights of the 
 College ; and, befides two Feilowlhips and 
 five Scholarfhips, gave a great number of ex- 
 cellent Manuferipts to their Librar}^ 
 
 William Bateman Bilhop of Norwich, founded 
 Trinity-had, about the year 1353- was Trinity- hall, 
 
 built upon a place, which once belong d to the 
 Monks of Ely ; and was a houfe for Students 
 before the time of Bilhop Bateman, w ho, by 
 eltchange for the Advowdbns of certain Re- 
 ftories, got it into his own pofleffion. He was 
 a great Mailer of Civil and Canon La\/ j where- 
 upon, the Mafiev', two Fedows, and three SJjo- 
 lars (the number appointed by him at the firfl- 
 Foundation,) were oblig’d to follow thofe two 
 Studies. It has been, lince, much augmented 
 by bcnelaftionS j and the number of its mem- 
 bers is proportionably encreas’d.l 
 
 EdmundGonevil ann. 1 348, and John CaiusDo- 
 dor of Phyfick in | our time, founded Gonevil and ^ ^ 
 Caius-College : FThis was firil call’d Gonvil-had, Cul- 
 and w'as built upon the place, where now are legs, 
 the Orchard and Tennis-Court of Benm'Oo\- 
 leee But within five years, it was remov d 
 into the place where it Hands at prefent, by 
 Bilhop Bateman. Some time after, John Cams, 
 
 Dodor of Phyfick, improv’d this Hall into a 
 new College, lince call’d after his own name‘.l 
 
 Henry 6. King of England, founded ^-langVCal.' 
 College (with a Chapel, defervedly reckon d one legs, 
 of the fineft buildings in the world,) in the 
 year 1441 = FThis College was at firft but 
 foiall ; being built by the find King for a Re- 
 Sor and twelve Scholars. There was "ear it 
 a little Hofiel for Grammarians, built by H il- 
 Ham Bingham, which was granted by the loulid- 
 er to King Henry, for the enLargcment ol his 
 College. Whereupon, he united theie two, 
 and, having enlarged them by addition of 
 the Church of St. John Zachar}, bonded a 
 
 College for a Provoft, feveiity Fellows and 
 Scholars, three Chaplains, 
 
 The Lady Margaret of Anjou his wife, founded Q;ie5r, i M- 
 
 Queen’s-CoUege, ann. 1448; fbut the troublelom bge, 
 
 rimes that follow’d, would not give liet leate 
 
 P P P 
 
489 
 
 ICENI. 
 
 to compleaf her fabrick. The firft Mafter oi 
 it Jndrevj Duckety by his injiuftry and appli- 
 cation, procur’d great Tunis of money from 
 well-difpos’d perfbns, towards the finifliing oi 
 this work ; and fo far prevail’d w’ith Queen 
 Eliz^abethy wifi? to K- Edward the 4^^, tliat fhe 
 pertefted what herprofefs’d Enemy had begun, i 
 Katharine- Robert Woodlark founded Katharine-ball, 
 hall. in the year 1459 ; fHe was third Provoft 
 
 of King^s-CoUege i and the Hall was built 
 over-againft the Carmelites houfe, for one Ma- 
 fter and three Fellows j and the numbers 
 w'ere encreas’d, together with the Revenues. 
 About one half of it is lately new-built ; 
 and, when it is finish’d, it will give place to 
 none, in point of beauty and regularity.1 
 Jefus-Collcge. JohnAkuke Billjop of Ely, founded Jefus-Col~ 
 lege, ann. 14P7, Tout of an old Nunnery dedi- 
 cated to St. Radegit^di the Nulls whereof were 
 fo notorious for uieir incontinence, and fo ge- 
 nerally complain’d of^ that lying Henry the 
 feventh, and Pope Julius the fccond, beftow’d 
 it upon Johu Alcock, Bifhop of Ely, to convert 
 it into a College ; who eftabliJh’d in it a Ma- 
 Jier, fix Fellovss, and fix Scholars. But their 
 numbers, by the great benefadions they have 
 had, are much encreas’d.l 
 
 The Lady Margcfret Countefs of Richmond, and 
 Chrifl-Col- mother to K. Henry 7, (oxmd^d Chriji-College fa- 
 !*§*• bouttheyear ijod, upon the place where (rod’i- 
 
 houfe formerly ftood. She fettled there, a Ma- 
 fler, and twelve Fellovcs, &c i which number, 
 being complain’d of as favouring of Superfti- 
 tion by alluding to our Saviour and his Apo- 
 ftles, King Edward the fixth alter’d, by the 
 addition of a thirteenth Fellowfhip j with fopie 
 new Scholarfhips. This College, within the 
 prefent Century, or thereabouts, hath been a- 
 dorn’d with a very fine new building,] 
 
 S«» John’*- She alfo founded St. about the year 1 5 o5, 
 
 C®fl€g«; Tupon the place, where ann. 1134. Nigel or Neal, 
 fecond Bifhop of Ely, founded an Hofpital for 
 Canons Regular j which by Hugh de Baljham 
 was converted into a Priory dedicated to St. 
 ^ohn and by the Executors of the faid Coun- 
 tefs of Richmond, into a College, under the 
 name of the fame Saint. For fhe dy’d before 
 it was finifh’d, wliich retarded the work for 
 fome time ; but it was afterwards carry ’d on 
 ■h So faid, by her faid Executors.1 It is now f greatly 
 ann. 1607. enlarg’d with iair new buildings. 
 
 'Thomeu Avjdley, Lord Chancellor of England, 
 Magdaien- iQ\xs\d^dMagdakn-College,n\m. i J42, fince enlarg’d 
 ° and endow’d by Sir Cbrifiopher fVrey, Lord Chief 
 
 Juftice of England : [This College is cut off from 
 all the reft, and ftands by it felt on the North- 
 w'eft-fide of the river ; and hath been improv’d 
 and adorn’d by a handfom piece of new build- 
 ing, not many years fince.l 
 
 The moft potent and mighty Prince Henry the 
 TnnityCol- gth founded Trinity-College, ann. 154^, out of 
 three others, St. Michael* s-College, built byHervie 
 of Stanton in Edward the fecond’s days ; Kings- 
 hall, founded by Edward the third ; and Fifh- 
 wick* s-HoJlel. And that the Students might 
 
 have a more delightful habitation, this Col- 
 lege was repair’d, or rather new-built, by the 
 great care of T! Nevill its worthy Mafter, 
 and Dean of Canterbury, with that fpendour 
 and magnificence, that it is, for fpacioufnefs, 
 and for uniformity and, beauty in the build- 
 ings, fcarce inferior to any in Chriftendom 
 and he himfelf may be counted truly Msj-avoTrfs- 
 (magnificent) in the judgment even of the 
 greateft Philofopher, for neglecting his own 
 private Interefts, and laying out fuch large 
 fums on the publick. TAH which have finqe 
 been improv’d by a moft noble and ftately 
 
 484 
 
 Library, begun under the government of the 
 late famous and learned Dr. Ifaac Barrow : a 
 building, for the bignefs and defign of it, 
 perhaps not to be match’d in thefe kingdoms.l 
 
 * That worthy and prudent perfon, Sir cannot but 
 
 Mildmay, f founded a new' College dedicated tocongratulate 
 Emanuel, Tin a place where was formerly a 
 Convent of Dominicans founded in the year'*’* prerent 
 
 1280, by the Lady Countefs of Oxford. — 
 After the fupprelTion of Monafteries, this Con- f Has fbuni 
 vent came into the poffeflion of Mr. Sherwood, C. 
 of whom Sir Walter Mildmay feems to have 
 purchas’d it. It has a very neat Chapel, not^° 
 long fince built by tlie bounty of William San- 
 crojt, hte Archbiftlop of Canterbury, and others.l 
 
 Alfo the Lady Frances Sidney, Countefs ofc,-j„.„ ^ , 
 Sujfex, by her laft Will gave a Legacy of five lege. ^ °* 
 thoufand ppunds for the founding of a Col- 
 lege to be call’d Sidney-Snjjex. fBur tho’ this 
 College owes its rife to the Charity of the 
 faid Lady, and the care of her Executors ; it is 
 exceedingly improv’d by the benefaftions of 
 Sir Francis Clerk, who (befides a fet of new- 
 buildings by him ereded,) augmented the Scho- 
 larfhips, and founded four Fellowfhips with 
 eight Scholarlhips more and of Sir John 
 Brereton, who left to it above two thoufand 
 pounds, by will. 
 
 The Schools of this Univerfity were at firft Schools, 
 in private houfes,. hir’d from ten years to ten 
 years for that purpofe, by the Univerfity j in 
 which time they might not be put to any 
 other ufe. Afterwards, Publick Schools were 
 built at the charge of the Univerfity, in or 
 near the place where they now ftand. But 
 the prefent fabrick, as it is now built of brick 
 and rough ftone, was erefted partly at the ex- 
 pence of the Univerfity, and partly by the 
 contributions of feveral Beiiefadors. 
 
 The Library was built by Rotheram Archbi- Library, 
 fhop of York, who (together with ‘Tonfial, 
 
 Bifhop of Durham) furnifh’d it with choice 
 Books ; few whereof are to be found at pre- 
 fent. But it hath been exceedingly augment- 
 ed by the bounty of King George ; who, ha- 
 ving purchas’d a very large and moft valuable 
 Colledion of Books, made wdth great j udgme nt 
 by Dr. yohn Moor, late Bifhop of El^^^id 
 beftow it, as a mark of his Royal favour, upon 
 this Univerfity.! 
 
 I fhall fay nothing of the little Monafteries 
 and Religious houfes ; fince they were but of 
 fmall note : except Barnwell-Abhey, which SirBarnwell-Ab- 
 Payne Peverell, a famous Soldier, and Standard-bey. ^ 
 bearer to Robert Duke of Normandy in the Ho- 
 ly-war in Henry the firft’s reign, remov’d from 
 St. Giles’s Church (where Picot the SJierift' had 
 inftituted Secular Priefts,) to this place, and 
 introduced tliirty Monks, according to the 
 years of his age at rliat time. If you pleafe, 
 you may know the reafon of the name from 
 the private Hiftory of this place. Payne Pe-Bittt'iveW- 
 nereU obtain’d a grant of Henry the firfi of a Hiftory. 
 
 [pot of ground without the burrough of Cambridge : 
 
 'in the midft of it, were extraordinary clear joun-, 
 tains or wells, call’d Barnwell, that is, th^ wells of 
 Children, or Barns for young men and boys met 
 here once a year, upon St. John’r Eve, for wrejlling 
 and the like youthful exercifes us’d in England, and 
 alfo to make merry, with finging, and other mujkk. 
 
 By this concourfe of boys and girls, who met here 
 for fport, it grew to be a cufiom for a great many 
 buyers and fellers to repair hither at the fame time ’, 
 fand it is now commonly call’d Midfummer- 
 Fair.^ 
 
 Tho’ Cambridge was confecrared to the Mu- 
 fes, yet has it not always efcap’d the fury of 
 Mars i for when the Danes ravaged up and 
 
 down, 
 
4-86 
 
 4-85 CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 
 
 down, they often took their Winter-quarters 
 here: and in the year loio, when Suem the 
 Dane, with that defperate rage and tyranny, 
 bore down all before him i neither its Fame 
 nor the Mufes could protect it Ctho’ we read 
 that Athens met with a better fate from Sytla ;) , 
 but it was barbaroufly laid in Afhes. How- ' 
 ever, at the coming-in of the Normans, it' 
 was reafonably well peopled for we find, in 
 Domcfday-book, that the Burrough oj Grentbridge 
 is divided into ten Wards, and contains three hun- 
 dred and eighty-feven dwelling-houfes, hut eigkeen 
 of them were puk’d down to build the Cajile ; when 
 William the firft determin’d to ereft Caflles in 
 all parts, to be a curb to his new-conquer’d 
 Englifh- rXhis Caftle was ftrong and ftately, 
 having in it, among other rooms, a moft mag- 
 *Caiu5l. 2. nificcnt Hall. * The ftones and timber were 
 p. ii7. afterwards beg’dof Henry the fourth by the 
 Mailers and Fellows of KingVhall, toW'ards 
 I Fuller, p. 2* the building of their Chapel. Nothing is | now 
 iianding but the Gate-houfe, which is the 
 Prifon ; and an artificial high hill deeply en- 
 trencH'’d about, of a deep afcent, and level at 
 the top. 
 
 Afterwards Roger of Montgomery deilroy’d this 
 'I’own with fire and fw'ord, to be reveng’d of 
 William Rufm ; but King Henry the firif, to 
 repair thofe damages, beilow*d many Privile- 
 ges upon it j particularly, he freed it from the 
 power of the Sherift^ making it a Corporation, 
 upon the payment ot an hundred and one marks 
 yearly into the Exchequer ; which fum the 
 Sheriff paid before, for his profits out of 
 the town, when it was under his jurifdiftion, 
 And, what feems to have been of mod con- 
 fequence, the Ferry over the river (which be- 
 fore w'as left at large) began to be fix’d near 
 this place ; w'hich probably might have fome- 
 thing of the fame effe(^, as the building of 
 new bridges, and turning the courfe of roads, 
 it See Salisbu-^^’^*^ I' Englaild.1 It fuf- 
 
 y in Wilf fet’d very much afterwards, in the Barons wars, 
 ftire. Waling- by thofe Out-laws from the Ifle of Ely. 
 fori in Berh, Wherefore Henry the third, to put a dop to 
 their incurfions, order’d a deep ditch to be 
 thrown-up on the Ead-fide of the town, which 
 Ring’s-ditch. dill goes by the name of Kings-ditch ; fw'here- 
 of there are now but very little remains (hou- 
 fes being built on both lides of it ; ) and, 
 among the inhabitants, the lume it felf feems 
 to be clean forgotten.l 
 
 Here, pofllbly fome may expeft my opinion 
 , concerning the antiquity of this Univerfityi 
 
 but I fhall not intermeddle in that point. 
 Nor am I willing to make comparifons be- 
 tween our two flourifliing Univerfities ; which 
 have none to rival them, that I know of. I 
 am afraid, thofe men have built cadles in the 
 air, who have made Cantaher the founder of 
 this Univerfity, immediately after the build- 
 ing of Rome, and long before the time of 
 Chridj draining the antiquity of it beyond 
 all poflibility of Credit. I'his is undeniable 
 (let its original be when it w'ill) that it began 
 to be a Nurfery of Learning, about the reign 
 of King Henry the fird j as appears by an old 
 Joffrei made Appendix of Peter Blefenfis^ to Ingulph. Abbot 
 Abbot of Jortred Jentover to his manour ^Cotenham nigh 
 Crowland, Cambridgey Gidebert his fellow-Monk and Droi- 
 nity-PrcJeJfor, with three other Monksy who fol- 
 low’d' him into England y and being wellfurni/h’d 
 with Philofophkal Learning and other ancient Sci- 
 ences, they daily repair’d to Cambridge ; where 
 they hir’d a publick barn, made open profejjion of 
 the Sciences, and in a little time drew a great num- 
 ber of Scholars together. In lefs than two years, 
 their nutnber increas’d fo much^ out of all that 
 
 t 
 
 countp as well as the town, that there was not a 
 Houje, Barn, or Church, big enough to hold them 
 all. Upon which, they difpers’d tbesnfelves into fe- 
 veral parts of the town, imitating the Univerfity 
 of Orleans. Betimes, in the morning. Frier Odo 
 an excellent Grammarian and Satyrick-Poet, read 
 Grammar to the boys and younger fort, who were 
 ajfign d him according to the DoSlrine of Prifeian, 
 and Rcraigius upon him. At one a clock, Terri- 
 cus a fubtle Sophifi, read Aridotle’j- Logick to the 
 elder fort, according to Porphyry ’j- and At'erroe’j 
 Introduhlions and Comments. At three of the clock. 
 
 Frier William read Letlures in TuIIy’s Rhetorick 
 and Quintilian’s Inditutionsj and Gidebert, 
 the principal Mafier, preach’d to the people, upon 
 all Sundays and Holy-days. From this fmall foun- 
 tain, we fee large flowing fireatns, making glad the 
 City of God, and enriching the whole kingdom with 
 many Majlers and Teachers, wlso come otit o/ Cam- 
 bridge as from the holy Paradice, &c. 
 
 Concerning the time when it was fird made 
 an Univerfity, Robert of Remington fhall fpeak 
 for me. In the reign of Edward the firft, 
 Grantbridge, *from a Study, was made awUni-* DeStudh, 
 yerfity like Oxford, by the Court of Rome- FBe- 
 fore which time, notwithdanding, in the 
 of Henry the third, it is call’d Univerfitm Sco- not 
 larium, in the Records of the Tower.! 25, 
 
 But w^hy do I fo inconfiderately run into the 
 lids, where two fuch learned old men have for- 
 merly encounter’d? to whom I freely deliver 
 up my arms •, paying the utmod refpe(d and 
 honour to fuch venerable perfons. Cambridge 
 is in longitude, 23 degr. 25 min. in latitude, 
 
 52 degr. and f 1 1 min. + *7* 
 
 TA mile north of Cambridge, is Arbury 
 Arborough (in the territories of Chefterton,) where 
 * is a large camp, of a figure inclining to a * j^ubr. MS. 
 fquare. There have been Roman Coins found 
 in it one particularly of filver, with the head 
 of Rome on one fide, and, on the reverfe, 
 
 Caftor and Pollux on horfeback. The adjoyning 
 Chefterton has probably its name from this Camp 
 or old Caftrum.'] 
 
 Hard by Cambridge to the South-ead, are 
 certain high hills, by the Students call’d G05- Gogmagog 
 magog-hills, and by Henry of Huntingdon, the tnoft Hhls. 
 pleafant hills of Baljham, from a village at the 
 foot of them where, as he adds, the Danes 
 committed all the Barbarities imaginable. On 
 the top of all, I faw an Entrenchment of coiid- 
 derable bignefs, fortified with a threefold ram- 
 pire, and impregnable in thofe days (according 
 to the opinion of feveral judicious warriors) 
 were it not for its want of water ; and fome 
 believe, it was a Summer-retreat, of the Ro- 
 mans, or the Danes. fBut others think, it was 
 rather a Britilh work. It has two graffs be- 
 tween the three rampires (as the ulual way 
 was ; ) being rudely circular : and the Dia- 
 meter is no lefs than two hundred and forty- 
 fix paces. It is on the hill (as the Britilh way 
 of encampment was;) and it is probable 
 enough, that the antagonid to it might be at 
 Arborough ; which, from the form, coins, and 
 nearnefs of water (a thing that that people was 
 always particularly careful of) mud have been 
 the work of the Romans. Near the Camp, 
 there runs a Roman high-way from the brow 
 of the hill fouthwards : which, I fuppofe (to- 
 gether with the Roman Coins, found there in 
 digging, ann. 1685.) induced the Author of the 
 late Commentary upon Antoninus, to reckon 
 it a work of the Romans ; not regarding tlie 
 circular figure : inafmuch as it appears, both 
 from Vegetius, and from feveral indances in o- 
 ther parts of England, that the Romans did 
 not confine their Camps to a Square, but de- 
 parted 
 
487 
 
 I C E N I. 
 
 488 
 
 parted from that, according as the mture and 
 lonveniema of the ground required.! 
 
 This Camp feems to be the place that Gertiaje 
 ofT'Mury calls VandMiria; Belom Cambridge, hys 
 he, there was a place call’d Vandelbiria, becaujethe 
 '^‘■"^'^’’^“^^'-tZaadals, when they ruin d feme parts of Britain, and 
 cruelly deflrofd the Chriftians, did encamp there ', 
 pitching their tents on the top of a little hill, where 
 lies a Plain, Jurrounded with trenches, with only one 
 entrance, and that like a gate. As for the Martial 
 Ghoft walking here, which he there mentions ; 
 
 1 (hall fay nothing of it, becaufe it looks like 
 an idle ftory of tha common people. It is none 
 of my bulinefs fas a certain Author expreffes 
 it) to tickle mens ears with plaufible iiories. 
 SaWon In a Vale nigh thefe hills, lies Salfion,_ which 
 came to Sir yohn Mevill, Marqulfs ot Mont- 
 acute, from the Burghs of Burgh-green, by Wal- 
 ter de la Pole and the Ingoldthorps i and by his 
 daughter, and heir, to the Huddleflons, who 
 liv’d here in great repute. 
 
 More Eaflward, we meet with 
 + But oow,C. belonging formerly to the and fatter 
 
 that by marriage to the Parifes ; and next the 
 Horfteath. Woods, Hands Horsheath, known, for many 
 dcfcellts, to have belong’d to the ancient and 
 noble families of the Jrgentons and Alingtons, 
 
 » Hertford- which I mention’d in * another place ; and 
 ftiire. now the feat II of the Bromhes. Next this, 
 nor the ,4- jjgj Caflle-camps, the ancient feat ot the Veres 
 SiT’.S™ Earls of Oxford, held by Hugh Vete (fays an old 
 P'jnquifition) on condition that he fhould be Cham- 
 berlam to the King. However, it is moft Kr- 
 tain, th.at Henry the firft granted this Ofhee' 
 
 to Aubrey de Vere, in thefe words, Chef 
 
 raoreraru Chamberlain of England in fee and hereditartly 
 Anglis. with all the powers, privileges, and honours belmg- 
 Lord great jj-w thereunto, as jreely and honourably, as ever K.O- 
 Chamber- Mallet held it, &c. But our Kings, at 
 
 their own pleafure, have appointed Ibmetimes 
 one, and fometimes another, to execute this 
 Office. Not far from hence, are thofe great 
 and long ditches which were undoubtedly 
 thrown-up by the Eaft-Angles to keep out the 
 Mercians, W'ho us’d by fudden Incurfions to 
 ruin all before them. The firft begins at Hinke- 
 Hon and runs eaftward by Hilderfham towards 
 Horsheath for five miles together. The fecond, 
 “ ' next to it, call’d Brent-ditch, runs from Mel- 
 
 bornc by Fulmer. But it is now time to re- 
 turn, lince thefe and the like frontier-fences 
 will be fpoken of in their proper places. 
 
 Nigh Cambridge to the eaft, by a fmall 
 brook c.all’d Sum, there is every year in Sep 
 Sturbrid.e tsmbfr the moil famous Fair in the whole 
 “ Kingdom, both for refort of people and pro- 
 portion of wares. Hard by, where the^ ways 
 were exceeding troublefom and almoft impaf- 
 fable, that worthy right-honeft Gentleman 
 b G. Cumi. t Henry Hervy, Dottor of Law s and Mafter of 
 Vid. Suffolk •frinity-hall in Cambridge, with vaft charge, and 
 atflalcjirorifc,^ pious commendable defign, |1 made 
 and at Wf Gaufey about three miles long, 
 
 leading to New-market. 
 
 At the end of this Caufey, there is a third 
 Ditch, thrown-up in ancient times ; beginning 
 at the eaft-fide of the Cam, and running in a 
 ftrait line by Fetm-Dinm (01 latitttr Ditchton from 
 the foremelitioli’d Ditch,) between great Wil- 
 lerham and Fulburtt, as far as Balflmm. At prefent, 
 it is commonly call’d Seven-mile-dyke, hozosKet it 
 lies fevell miles from New-markeUt formerly it 
 Fleamditch. w'as call’d Fleam-Dyke, that is, Flight-Dyke, os 
 it feems from fome remarkable flight at this 
 place. The fame Wtlberham, anciently Wil- 
 burgham, was formerly the feat of the Barons 
 II Ve rubee- Idlfie of II Rougmount, a very ancient family, 
 of which, for his warlike valour, was 
 
 Fair. 
 
 II Lately 
 made, C. 
 
 Ditches. 
 
 made one of the Knights of the Garter, in 
 the firft Inftitution, by King Edward the third. 
 
 There is f now an heir-male of the fame fami- .j.5o 
 iy (a reverend old man with a good ftock ofann, 1607. 
 
 children, naraM Edmund L’lfle,) Lord of this 
 , ' here are ex- 
 
 place. tinift. 
 
 Five miles more inward to the eaft, fand a 
 mile and half from New-market, 1 is the fourth 
 Fortification or Ditch with a Rampart, fand 
 the Graff towards Cambridge. This isl the 
 'krgeft of all j coXVti Devils-Dyke by the com- oevil’s-Dyke. 
 mon people, becaufe they look upon it as the 
 work of Devils rather than Men ; and Rech- 
 Dyke by. others, from Rech, a little market- 
 town at the beginning of it. Without doubt, 
 this is the fame, that Abbo Floriacenfis fpeaks 
 of, in his Defeription of the Eaft-Angles 
 On that fide ’where the Sun declines to the wefi, 
 this Province joins to the reft of the Iftand, and con- 
 fequently there is a clear open paftage ; but to pre- 
 vent the enemies frequent incurfions, it is defended 
 by a bank, like a lofty luall, and by a deep ditch. 
 
 'Fhis, for many miles together, crolles that 
 Plain call’d Newmarket-heath, a place t'cry much 
 expos’d to invafionsj beginning at Rech, be- 
 yond which the Country is fenny and impaf- 
 fable } and ending hard by Coiulidge, where 
 the Woods ftop all marches. It was then the 
 bounds of the Kingdoin, as well as of the Bi- 
 fhoprick of the Eaft-Angles; fwhereupon, the 
 Pariflies on the Eaft-fide of it (about ten or 
 eleven in number) do ftill belong to the Bi- 
 fhoprick of Norwich, tho’ placed w’ithin the 
 County of Cambridge.! 
 
 It is uncertain who was the founder of this 
 mighty work ; fome later writers aferibe it to 
 King Canutus the Dane; tho’ in truth Abbo,-^^^° 
 who mentions it, dy’d before Canutus began 
 his reign ; and the Saxon Chronicle, where ithertls. Canu* 
 treats of Athelwolf’s Rebellion againft Edward mt us began 
 the Elder, calls it limply the Ditch, and fays, reign in 
 that King Edward deftroy’d all the Country * 
 between the Ditch and the Oufe, as far as 
 the North-fens, and that Athehvold the Rebel, 
 and Eohvic the Dane, were at that time 
 flain there in battel. But Writers fmee Cami- 
 tus*s time, have call’d it St. Edmund's Liberty, 
 and St. Edmund's Ditch, fuppofing that Canutus^ 
 made it ; w ho was a moft devout adorer of 
 St. Edmund the Martyr, and, to make amends 
 for his father Swane's horrid cruelty to the 
 Religious of St. Edmundsbury, granted them \'aft 
 privileges, as far as this very ditch ; whence 
 William of Malmesbury, in his book of the 
 Prelates, fays, T'hat the Cufiom-Ojficers in other 
 places faU out madly, -without confidering right or 
 -wrong ; but on this fide St. Edmund's Ditch, tie 
 modeft Suppliants immediately put a ftop to all quar- , 
 rels. Sure enough, the two laft mention’d Bul- 
 warks were call’d St. Edmund's Ditches ; for 
 Matthew Florilegus declares, that that battel 
 againft Athelwolf, was fought between St. Ed- 
 mund’s two Ditches. 
 
 Neari?a7;, lies Bur-well, where was a Caftlc,Bunvel!. 
 which in thofe troublefom rimes of King Ste- 
 phen was bravely .attack’d by Geoffry H Man-j| De magna 
 devil Earl of Ellex (a perfon who loft much villa, 
 honour by his unjuft invalions of other-mens 
 rights,) till an arrowy fliot through his head, 
 freed thofe Countries from the fears and ter- 
 rors they had long been under. Scarce two 
 miles offj ftands Lanheath, for f many years thelhanlicatli. 
 feat of that worthy family of Knights the 
 - _..J Trom 1-Vinr. Ili'.S 
 
 LliaL w* jjqf] 
 
 tons : andj at a little diftance from that, lies 
 Ifteham, a town formerly belonging to the Ber-iffeham. 
 nards, which came by marriage to the knight- 
 ly family of the Peytons, from whofe male-line 
 (prang the Vffords (from whom are the Vjfords 
 
489 
 
 CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 
 
 Earls of Su^olk,) as appears by their Coats of 
 Arms ; tho’, indeed, tlicy took the firname of 
 PeytoHy according to the cuftom of thofe times, 
 from Peyton a little town in Suffolk j , which 
 was their feat tor many years. 
 tirtUrg. Upon the fame Uitch, ftaiid'S Kirtlhig, call’d 
 o\{oCatlidgi remarkable for being the princi- 
 Barons pal feat of the Barons Norths of which fami- 
 Sertb. Ed-ward North was the firft, whom Queen 
 
 Mary, for his extraordinary wifdom, invefted 
 with thtit title. It is famous for a great Sy- 
 nod ffaid to bcl hold here, when the Clergy 
 577. had that mighty Conteft about the celebration 
 ot Eafier'y fif indeed it was held here, and not 
 (as others contend) at Kirtkton in the Coun- 
 ty of Oxford. For the Saxon Annals place it 
 at Kyii-ling-une, by a miflake from Kype- 
 lin5cune ; which is infer’d, not only from 
 the limiiitude of n and p, but alfo from the 
 Copyift’s not underllanding the language 
 (for it is taken out ot the Canterbury-Copy ; ) 
 and from our later Hiftorians calling it Kyn~ 
 linegB) Kirding, and Kirling. As to the diffe- 
 rence then between the old and new name, 
 llCbron Sax.^^^ I! we are told that 
 
 977! ’ Sideman Bifhop of Devonf/yire (tor fo he is there 
 
 ftil’d) dy’d at this Synod, and was bury’d at 
 St. Mary’s at Abingdon. Now, fay they, he 
 had no relation to that Church, and therefore 
 we may imagin, the only reafon why King 
 Edward and Archbifhop Dunffan pitch’d upon 
 it for his burial, was the nearnefs of the Place ; 
 efpccially, feeing they did it contrary to his own 
 exprefs defire when alive, which was, that he 
 might be inter’d at his own Church of Cri~ 
 diantun or Kinon. But, they add, that if he 
 had dy’d at Catlidgey they migiit have found 
 a more convenient Monaftery for that purpofe, 
 I mean Peterhorougby no lefs eminent and much 
 nearer j unlefs Abingdon might be more eligi- 
 ble upon this account, that it was within the 
 kingdom of the Weft-Saxons.l 
 Tbe fefls and upper and north-part of this Shire is 
 
 IrteofEly. all-over divided into river-ifles (branch’d-out 
 by the many flowings of ditches, chanels, and 
 drains,) which all the fummcr-long afford a 
 moft delightful green profpeft -y but in winter 
 are almofl all laid under water, further every 
 way than one can fee, and in fome fort re- 
 fembling the fea it felf. 
 
 Girvli inhabitants of this and the reft of the 
 
 Fenny Country (which reaches fixty-eight miles 
 from the borders of Suffolk to Wainfleet in 
 * Mytiaia i«- Liiicolnfhire, containing fome * millions of 
 liium. acres in the four Counties of Cambridge, Hun- 
 tingdon, Northampton, and Lincoln) were 
 call’d Girvii in the time of the Saxons, that 
 is, as fome interpret it, Fen-rnen ; a fort of 
 people (much like the place) of rugged unci- 
 viliz’d tempers, envying others whom they 
 term Upland-meny and ufually walking aloft 
 upon a fort ot ftilts ; they all keep to the bu- 
 finefs of grazing, fifhing, and fowling. All 
 this Country, in the w'inter-time, and fonie- 
 times for the greateft part of the year, is laid 
 under-water by the rivers Oufe, Grant, Nen, 
 Welland, Glene, and Witham, for want of 
 fufficient chanels and paflages. But w'hen thefe 
 keep to their proper chanels, it fo ftrangely 
 abounds w ith grafs and a fort of rank hay (by 
 them call’d Lid,) that w'hcn they have mow’d 
 enough tor their own ufe, in November they 
 burn the reft, to make it come again the 
 thicker. About which time, one fees all this 
 rr.oorifh Country in a flame, to his great won- 
 der and furprife. Befidcs, it affords great 
 quantities of I’urf and Sedge for firing, and 
 Reeds tor thatching j and Elders alfo and other 
 
 t 
 
 490 
 
 water Ihrubs, efpecially Willow'S in great abun- 
 dance, either growing wild, or fet on the banks 
 of rivers to prevent overflowu'ng ; which be- 
 fog frequently cut down, f rife again (to ufe x r 
 Pliny s expryffioii) with a very numerous oS-h„, 7 “Info!- 
 Ipring. It is of thefe that baskets are made, runu 
 both here and in other places : and, fince the 
 Britains call d them Easkades, I here obferve 
 by the way, that I do not underftand Martial 
 in that place of his Apophoreta, if he mean not 
 thefe : 
 
 Barbara de piciis veni Eafeauda Britan- 
 
 niSy 
 
 Sed me jam mavult dicere Roma fuam. 
 
 From Britain’s fartheft Ifle the Baskets 
 come, 
 
 Which now are challeng’d, as her own, by 
 Rome. 
 
 Befidcs, there grow large quantities of Scordi- Scordium, 
 um or Water-Germander, upon the banks of 
 the Ditches. As for thefe fenny Ifles, Felix, 
 an ancient writer, has deferib’d them thus ; 
 
 I’here is a wonderful large Fen, beginning at the hanks 
 of ibe river Grant, and abounding, here with Sedge, 
 there with dusky Springs, at a third place with woody 
 Ifles y and it takes a long mrfe by many crooked 
 banks, from fouth to north, as far as the fea. It 
 is the fame, that William, a Crowland-Monk, 
 has thus deferib’d in his life of Guthlake : 
 
 Eft apud Angligenas a Gronta flumine, 
 longo 
 
 Orbe per anfraSim flagnofos, fluviales, 
 
 Circumfufa palpti, orientalifque propinqua 
 Limribiii pelagi, fefe diflendit ab Auflro 
 In longum verfm Aquilonem, gurgite tetro 
 Mbrbofos pifees vegetans, & arundine denfa 
 Vent&fum firepitm, quafi quadam verba, fu~ 
 furrans. 
 
 In Britifli Lands where Gront's old ftreams 
 furround 
 
 The trembling marfhes and unfaithful 
 ground. 
 
 From fouth to north is ftretch’d a fpacious 
 moor 
 
 Near to the Ocean on the eaftern fhore ,* 
 
 Where pois’nous fifh the ftinking water 
 breeds, 
 
 And ruffling winds ftill whiffle in the 
 weeds. 
 
 If you pleafe, add thus much out of Henry of 
 Huntingdon : Fhis fenny Country is mighty rich and 
 delightful, plentifully water d by rivers, fufficiently 
 garnifpd with Lakes of all forts, and as much a- 
 dornd with IVoods and Iflands. ■ Take alfo, 
 
 for a conclufion, this fhort account out of 
 William of Malmesbury : Here is fticb vaft (lore 
 of fifh, ' M aftonijhes all firangers ; for which the 
 Inhabitants laugh at them : nor is there lefs plenty 
 of water-fowl ', and for a fingle half-penny, five 
 men may have enough of either, not only to flay their 
 flomachs, but for a full meal. 
 
 1 fhall fay nothing of the found and w'hol- 
 fome advice concerning the draining of thefe 
 fens (which yet was perhaps nothing but a fpe- 
 cious pretence of doing good to the publick for 
 private Ends), that has been fo often confider’d, 
 and debated in Parliament. It is to be fear’d, 
 that they would foon return to their old ffate, 
 as the Pontine Marfhes in Italy have often done 
 fince their draining. So that fome think it the Paufanias in 
 fafeff way, to follow the Oracle’s advice in the Corinth, 
 like cafe. Not to venture too far, where heaven has 
 put a flop. 
 
 Q_q q The 
 
ICENL 
 
 492 
 
 491 
 
 The natural ftreilgth of this TraB, with the 
 eveat plenty of Provifions, has often made it a 
 reti-rat for rebels ; not only for the Englilll a- 
 R.iiiift William the Conqueror : but the Barons 
 alfo, whenever they were out-law ’d, from hence 
 moleftcd our Kings ; but were always unfuc- 
 cefsful, though they ereded forts at Eryth 
 Aadte. and Athmd, nov/^Judre, where is an eafy open 
 pallage into the file. And to this day, there is 
 a rampire nigh Aucke, not high, but very large, 
 call’d Belfar’s-hiUs, from one Belifar ; but who 
 or what he was, I know not. 
 
 The more foutherly and the largell part ot 
 that fenny Country which belongs to this Shire, 
 We of Ely. w as call’d by the Saxons elig, now the Ifle oj 
 Eh from the chief of thefe Illands. Bede de- 
 rives it from Eels, and therefore feme have 
 Fuller, call’d it the Ifle of Eels, fand We find, that in, 
 the year 1221, King Henry the third, being at 
 Oxford, font to the Bailiff of Cambridge, as 
 living near Ely (the Staple for Filh} to fend 
 him a certain proportion of Eels for the provi- 
 fion of his Court, promifing that it fhould be 
 difcounted to him out of the Exchequer.! Tet 
 Polydore Virgil fetches it from Ei®*, which 
 fionifics a Marfh ; and others from Hilig, a 
 Bntilh word lignifying Willows or Sallows, 
 which it bears in abundance ; and indeed they 
 are the only thriving trees here. We find, 
 th.at one T'amiert King of the South-Giroii, fet- 
 led the greateft part of this Country upon his 
 wife Etheldred for a joynture ; who^ after (he 
 St. EikUrtd, had left her fecond husband Egfrid King of Nor- 
 for the fake of Religion, founded 
 a Nunnery in that chief Ifle that was fra- 
 ferly call’d elyg, and w'as then valu’d after 
 the rate of fix hundred families ,• of which 
 place (he her felf was the flrft Abbcfs. How'- 
 ever, this was nor the firft Church in this 
 Fenny Country ; for the Ely-hooh mentions our 
 Cradiden. St. Atcfliii as the founder of a Church at Crudi- 
 den, which afterwards was pull’d down by 
 Penda the Mercian ; and M.almesbury fays, 
 that Exlix, Bifhop of the Eaft-Angles, had his 
 Sohim. firft feat at Saham, which is ftill in Norwich- 
 diocefe. Soham, fays he, is a Village fttuated by 
 a Bale, formerly very dangerom to water-paj- 
 fagers from thmce to Ely, but now pajfable on 
 foot, by reafon of a canfey made through the mar- 
 jhes and reeds, dhere are flill the marks of a Church 
 demolifb’d by the Danes, wherein the Inhabitants 
 were overwhelm’d, and burnt with it. At the fame 
 time, St. Aiidrfs Nunnery was pull’d down by 
 the Danes ; but was rebuilt by Ethelwold Bi- 
 (hop of Winchefter, who, by agreement with 
 the King, bought the whole Itle, ejected the 
 Priefts, and fill’d it with Monks ; to whom 
 King Edgar, as we find in his Letters Patents, 
 gave jurifdiHion in fecular caufes over two Hun- 
 dreds in the fens, and over five Hundreds and a 
 half, out of the fens, in the IVicklaut, in the Pro- 
 vince of the Eafi-Anglesy which to this day is 
 St. AuArfi called St. Audry’s Liberty. After that> our Kings 
 Liberty. g^d Noblemen endowM it with large reve- 
 nues ; efpccially Earl Brithnoth, wbo being about 
 Ely-book, to engage the Danes in the year P99> to the 
 Church of Ely, Somerfhamy Spaldwicy Trumpimony 
 Ratindum, Heisburyy Fulburny T’merftony Triple- 
 jlovjy and Impetuniy in cafe he dyM in that bat- 
 tel ; becaufe thefe Monks had treated him no- 
 bly. But he was kill’d at Maldon, after he 
 had fought with the Danes fourteen days to- 
 gether. It was fo rich a Monaftery, that the 
 Abbot (fays Malmesbury) put fourteen hundred 
 pounds yearly in his pocket. And Richard the 
 laft Abbot, Earl Gifiebert’s fon (intoxicated, 
 as it were, with wealth, and dirdaiuing to 
 be under the Bifliop of Lincoln, ) en- 
 
 deavour’d to perfwade the King with golden 
 promifes (as the Monks write) and witli great 
 applications, to erect a Biflioprick at this place j 
 but his death hinder’d that defign. Soon after, 
 
 Henry the firll got leave of the Pope, and 
 
 made Hervy (" Bifhop of Bangor in Wales, who 
 
 had been ejeiSed by the Welfli) the firft Bifliop 
 
 of Ely ; to whom and his fucceflbrs, he allign’d 
 
 Cambridgejhire for the Diocefe, which before was 
 
 part of that of Lincoln ; and likewife fettled 
 
 upon them certain marks of Soveraignty in 
 
 thefe Iflands. fSo that here the Bifliop hath 
 
 all the rights of a County-Palatine, and bear- 
 
 eth chief fway therein : for by his own power 
 
 he appointeth a Judge to hear and determine 
 
 all Caufes arifing within the faid Ifle. He 
 
 holdeth AJJjzeSy Gaol-delrveryy and Quarter-Sef- 
 
 fions of the Peace for the faid Libenyy and hath 
 
 his chief Bailiftj .and Under-Bailiffs for the 
 
 execution of Procefs .1 The fame Henry the 
 
 firft gave the Bifliops of Lincoln the manour 
 
 of Spaldmcy to make them amends for the lofs 
 
 of Cambridgefhire and this Ifle j or, as the Ely- 
 
 book has it, T'be manour oj Spaldwic vios fettled 
 
 upon the Church of Lincoln for every \in lieuof the^ 
 
 epifcopal care over GrantbridgeJJyire. Aflbon Epifio. 
 
 Hervy was fettled in his Biflioprick, hemade^**^^ 
 
 it his chief care to raife the grandeur of his 
 
 Church. He got it to be made toU-jree in all places 
 
 (faith Ely-book,) and freed it from that burthen 
 
 of watching and warding •, which was the duty that 
 
 it ow^d to Norwkh-cafile : He made the w'ay from 
 
 Exning to £/y, about fix miles, through the fens, 
 
 and purchas’d many fair eftates for the Church’s 
 
 ufe. His fucceflbrs, by leffening the number 
 
 of Monks (for from feventy they reduc’d them 
 
 to forty) abounded with plenty of every thing, 
 
 and overflow’d with wealth, untill the f laft age 5 f So faid, 
 
 and their Holidays and Feftivals were always 1607. 
 
 celebrated with fuch mighty Preparation and 
 
 Pomp, that, in that point, they exceeded all 
 
 the Monafteries in England. Whence a Poet 
 
 in thofe times not improperly fays, 
 
 Pricvijts aliisy Elierifia fejla videre, 
 
 EJiy <iuaji pro'uija noBoy videre diem. 
 
 After all others fee but Ely’s feaft, 
 
 You’ll fee glad day when tedious night is 
 paft. 
 
 The Cathedral allb, which began to totter 
 with age, they rebuilt by degrees, and brought 
 it to the Magnificence we now fee : It is a • 
 fpacious, ftately, and beautiful ftructure, but 
 fomewhat defac’d by breaking dow'n and man- 
 gling the Noblemens and Bifliops tombs, in 
 a very fhameful manner. At prefent, inftead 
 of the full Convent of Monks, there is a Dean, 
 Prebendaries, and a Free-fchool for the teach- 
 ing and maintaining of twenty-four boys, fand, 
 ot later years, a ftately Palace hath been built 
 here, for the Bifliops .1 There are four things 
 about this Churcli, much talk’d of by the com- 
 mon people ; The Lantern, on the top of all, 
 juft over the Quire, fupported by eight pil- 
 lars, built with lingular art by ^ohn dt 
 Hothum the Bifliop: St. Mary^s Chapel, ftaud- 
 ing under the Church to the North, a delicate 
 piece of work, and built by Simon Montacute 
 Bifliop. A great round heap of earth and ve- 
 ry high, call’d T'be Mounty on the South-fide, 
 where a Wind-mill ftaijds: and laftly, a fa- 
 mous fruittui Vine but now wither’d away^. 
 
 Which four were joyn’d together in thele 
 Rhimes by a certain Monk of the place : 
 
 Hac funt Eliay LantemUy Capella MariXy 
 
 Atque Molendimmiy necnon dans vinea Vinum. 
 
 Saint 
 
Hitter. Ths. In Englilh (the three firft words excepted, 
 6ur. p 187. which the learned perfon who read and ex- 
 inter Num- plain’d it, ingenuoufly confeffes he did not un- 
 derftand, bat takes them to be terms) 
 
 it is thus : 
 
 O Lrn-d, Lori, him always defend, who carri- 
 
 eth me about with him : Grant him whatever he 
 defires. 
 
 This Infcription fliews it to have been in- 
 tended for a Charm ; and the £mts and Fi- 
 gures, that are on the other fide, are alfo fup- 
 pos’d to be magical. With this, were found 
 divers large Kings of Gold, fuppos d to^ be the 
 treafure of fome noble Perfon, who, in time 
 of war, had retir’d into this fenny Country, 
 for fkfety and defenee.1 
 
 Amidft the fame fens, to the North-weft, 
 was another famous Abby, call’d, from its 
 Thorney- ftanding among bufhes and thorns, T'homeyi 
 Abbey, and before that, Ankerige, from the Anchorites 
 
 dwelling there ; W'here Sexuulphj a Very reli- 
 gious and devout man (as it is in the Peter- 
 borough-book) founded a Monafiery, with Her- 
 mits Cells. It was afterwards deflroy’d by the 
 Danes, but Etbelwold Bifhop of Winchefter, 
 to encourage the Monaftick way of living, 
 rebuilt it, ftored it with Monks, and encom- 
 pafs’d it with trees. Tflns place (fays Malmes- 
 bury) is the 'very piSiure of Paradife i for plea- 
 fantnefs) refembling Heaven it felf : amidji the very 
 marJheSi fruitful in trees whofe jhrait tapering tallneft 
 mounts up to the skies ; a Plain (fmootb as water) 
 charms your eyes with pleafng greens, where is no 
 rub to flop or hinder the fwifteji pace. Tfhere is 
 not an inch of ground uncultivated ; bere^ a place 
 fweUing with apple-trees, and there a field over- 
 fpread with vines, either creeping upon the ground, 
 i)Y fupported with poles. A mutual firife there is 
 between nature and art, that one may always fupply 
 what the otl::r forgets. JVhat fijall 1 fay cf the 
 beauty of the buildings j much to be admir’d, if it 
 were only for the ferns maUngfucb folid and unfhaken 
 
 founda- 
 
495 
 
 ICE 
 
 foundatim ? It is a vjondetful folitary and retir’d 
 place > Jit for Monks, as making them more mindful 
 oj heavenly things, and more mortify’ d to thinp be- 
 low. It is a prodigy, to fee a woman here > . but 
 when a man comes, he is welcom’d like an Angel. 
 So that I may truly call this Ifle, a Lodge of Cha- 
 fiity, an Harbour of Honejly, and a School oj Di- 
 vine Philofophy. 
 
 Wisbicb. Wisbich, the Bifhop of Ely’s cafUe, ftands 
 about thirteen miles lituated among fens 
 
 * Lately, C.awd rivers, and in the * laft age a pri- 
 
 fon for the Romifh Priefts. And I have no- 
 thing more to fay of it, but only. That this 
 Town and JValepole were both given to Ely- 
 Monaftery by the owner of them, .at the fame 
 time that he dedicated his young fon Alwin 
 to a monaftick Life there That William the 
 hrfl: erefted a cafHe here, when the out-laws 
 made their incuriions from thefe fenny parts j 
 and. That in the year 123d, the tempefluous 
 waves, for two days together, broke in upon 
 this fhore fo violently, that they drown’d both 
 land and people, all about. But the Brick- 
 caftle that is ilill there, was built by ^ohn 
 + So {aid, Morton Bilhop of Ely, in our f grandfathers 
 ann. 1607. days j who alio drew through this fenny Coun- 
 Newleame. try a drait ditch, call’d Newleame, for the bet- 
 ter convenience of water-carriage, and there- 
 by the encreafing the trade and wealth of this 
 his town ; tho’ it has fal’n out otherwife, for it 
 is but oi fmall ufe, and the neighbours con\- 
 plain that this has quite dop’d the courfe of 
 Clowcrofs. the Avvn or Nen into the Sea, by Clovs-crofs. 
 Earls of Catnbridge, was IVilliam, 
 
 Cambridge, brother of Ranulph Earl of Cheder ; as may 
 be feen in a Patent of Alexander Bifhop of Lin- 
 coln, dated 1 1 3 p. After him, it is probable 
 that thofe Earls of Huntingdon, who were of 
 the blood royoX o£ Scotland, were likewife Earls 
 of Cambrige ; for it appears from the publick 
 records. That David Earl, of Huntingdon receiv’d 
 the third penny of the County of Cambridge. A 
 long time after, ^olm of HainauU, brother to 
 William third Earl of Holland and Hainault, 
 was advanc’d to this dignity by Edward the 
 third, for the fake of his wife Q. Philippa, whofe 
 Kinfman he was. For her fake alfo, the fame 
 *399* honour’d William Marquifs of Jtiliers, 
 
 her dder’s fon, with the fame title, after yohn 
 had revolted and gone over to the French. 
 After the dcceafe of thefe Foreigners, King 
 Edw’ard the third fettled this Honour upon 
 his fifth fon Edmund of Langley, which, after 
 he had held it four years (my Authority is an old 
 manufeript belonging to that admirable Anti- 
 quary Francis Thinn) T'he Earl oj Hainault, Queen 
 Philippa’s kinfman, came and openly claim’d in 
 
 * EtjlatAtus Parliament ; * but he return’d fatisfy’d at laji. 
 
 recfjfit. This Edmund of Langlej', afterwards Duke of 
 
 York, had two Sons, Edward Duke of York 
 (for feme time Earl of Cambridge, and {lain 
 in the battel of Agincourt ; ) and Richard, crea- 
 ted Earl of Cambridge by the meer favour of 
 lienry the fifth, and the confent of his own 
 brother Edward. But after this perfidious and 
 ambitious man had ungratefully confpir’d againft 
 the life of that beft of Princes, and fo lofl his 
 head ; the title of Earl of Cambridge was ei- 
 ther loft with him, or drown’d among the ti- 
 tles of his fon Richard, who was afterwards 
 Duke of To'tk, and was reftor’d to all his dig- 
 nities, as being Kinjman and Heir lo his Un- 
 cle Edward Duke of York. [The fame ti- 
 tle was confer’d upon fames Marquifs of 
 Hamilton in the year icSip, who was fuc- 
 ceeded by faimes his eldeft fon, and after- 
 wards by William his fecond fon who re- 
 ceiv’d a mortal wound at Worcefter-fight, and 
 
 AT I. 
 
 dy’d without iffue-male furviving : fo that the 
 honour died with him. After the Reftoration, 
 this title was confer’d upon Charles Stuart (el- 
 deft fon to fames then Duke of York) who 
 was ftil’d Duke of Cambridge •, and afterwards Dukes of 
 upon his three brothers, fames, Edgar, and^*®^”^S®* 
 Charles,- W’ho all died young. And, fince, the title 
 of Duke of Cambridge was confer’d by her Ma- 
 jefty Queen Anne, .upon the Illuftrious Prince 
 George AuguRpts, Eleftoral Prince of Hanover, 
 and now Prince of Wales?\ 
 
 T'his Shire cotitaihs Parijhes. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Carabridge- 
 {hire. 
 
 K. Acinos Anglicum Cluf. Englijl) Stone-Bajil, 
 or common Stone-Bafil ; for thefe differ only acciden- 
 tally. In tlse plowed lands on the borders ofGog- 
 magog hills and Mewmarket-heatb. 
 
 S. Aloe paluftris C. B. i. e. Militaris aizoi- 
 des Ger. Water Sengreen, or Frejhwater-Soldier. 
 In the rivers and Fen-ditches in many places of the 
 Ijle of Ely : as in the river and ditches near 
 Stretham-jerry, and about Audrey-caufey. 
 
 Alfine tenuifblia f. B. Fine-leavd Chickweed. 
 In the cornr-fields on the borders of Triplow-heatb, 
 and elfewbere. 
 
 Alyflbn Germanicum echioides Lob. Aparine 
 major Ger. German Madwort or Great Goofe-grafs. 
 It once grew plentifully at New-market (vid. Cat. 
 Cant.) but being an annual plant, I hear it is mw 
 lojl there : pojftbly it may appear again here- 
 after. 
 
 K. Anagallis aquatica rotundifolia Ger. a- 
 quat. tertia Lob. Round-leaved Water-Pimpernel. 
 On ‘Teverjham, Hinton, and 'Trumpington-moors in 
 the ditches, and by the water-courfes plentijully. 
 
 Anagallis feemina Ger. coerjlco flore C. B. 
 Park. Female or blue-flower d Pimpernel. In the con: 
 on the leji-hand of the xoay leading to Hifion a little 
 beyond the firft clofes. 
 
 Aparine minor femine Iseviore. Goofe-grafs 
 with fmother feed. Very common among the corn, 
 efpecially in chalky grounds. An Aparine fe- 
 mine Isvi Park. 
 
 E. Aj:gemone capitulo longiore glabro Mo- 
 rifon. Longfmooth-headed bajlard-poppy. In the corn. 
 
 Afeyron fupinum villol'um paluftre C. B. 
 Park. Marfl) S. Peter s-wort, with hoary leaves. 
 On the boggy grounds near Gamlingay. 
 
 Auricula muris pulchro flore albo f. B. 
 Caryophyllus holofteus Ger. holofteus arven- 
 fis hirfutus, flore majore C B. holofteus ar- 
 venfis hirfutus Park. Long-leaved rough Chick- 
 weed with a large flower. On heaths and dry banks 
 among bujhes, and in ff-avelly ground. See Cat. 
 Cant. 
 
 Bifolium paluftre Park. Marfj Twayblade. 
 On the boggy and fenny pounds near Gamlingay . 
 
 Camelina Ger. Camelina five Myagrum alpe- 
 rum araarum Park. Myagrum filiqua longa C. B. 
 Myagro affinis planta fiHquis longis f. B. cui 
 & Eryfimum Galeni & Theophrafti cenfetun 
 Treacle-Wormfeed. In the Ofler-holts abou^ the 
 bridge at Ely abundantly ; and in all the other Ofle-r- 
 grounds by the river-Jide there. 
 
 Carduus acaulis Lob. acaulis Septentrio- 
 nalium Park, acaulis minore purpureo flore 
 C. B. acaulis minor purpureo flore Ger. emac. 
 Chameleon exiguus Tragi 3^. 5. Dwarj Carline- 
 thiflle. Upon the level near the new Pefi-houfes. 
 This occurs in mofl CourUies of England, but not 
 ' very common. 
 
 Carduus 
 
CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 
 
 Carduus tomeiitoms. Corona hatrura diiSus 
 Park, item Carduus tomentofus Anglicus eptf- 
 dem. Capice tomentcfo B. erioccphalus Ger. 
 emac. item globofus capirulo latiore ejufdem. ca- 
 pite rotundo tomencofo C. B. item toTnentoius 
 capitulo ma^jorc ejrcfdem. M'oolly-headed ThijHe. 
 In many clofes about Madingley, Childerkyy King- 
 fion, &c. 
 
 Caryophyllus minor repens noftras. An Ca- 
 ryophyllus Virgincus Ger. Maiden Pinks. On a 
 little hill vshere Fm-z.e grovos, next to Juniper-hill 
 near Hilderfltam. 
 
 Caucalis arvenfis latifolia echinata C. B. item 
 lato Apii iolio ejufdem. Apii folds, flore ru- 
 bentc Ger. arvenlis latifolia purpurea Park. 
 item Anglica flore rubente ejufdem. item ma- 
 jor fature rubente flore ejufdem. Lappula ca- 
 naria latifolia,; live caucalis J. B. Purple-fiovj- 
 erd great Bafiard Parfley. Among the corn in ma- 
 ny places of this County j cu, between Cambridge 
 and Cherry-Hinten, and near the Windmill in the 
 way to Comberton. "Tins is a beautiful Plant, and 
 we have feldom found it in other Counties. 
 
 Chondrilla vifeofa humilis C. B. Park. Ger. 
 emac. LaSuca fylveftris laciniata minima Cat. 
 Cant. The leaf cut-leaved wild Lettice. In a 
 hank by a little lane-Jide leading from London-road 
 to the river, a little beyond the Spittle-houfe-end at 
 Cambridge. 
 
 Conyza folds laciniatis Ger. emac. helenitis 
 foliis laciniatis Park. Aquatica laciniata C. B. 
 Great jagged Fleabane. In tlse Fen-ditches about 
 Marjl) and Chatterejfe in the Ifle of Ely. 
 
 Conyza paluftris Park, paluftris ferratifolia 
 C B. Virgje aure$ five folidagini aiiguftifolia: 
 affinis, lingua avis Dalechampii J. B. Marjh 
 Fleabane or Birds-tongue. In the Fen-ditches and 
 banks in the Ifle of Ely, but _ more rarely. 
 
 Convolvulus arvenlis minimus. The leafl Bind- 
 weed. Among the com between Harleflon and little 
 Everfden. 
 
 Crocus J. B. fativus C. B. True or manured 
 Saffron. It is frequently planted and cultivated in 
 this County. See Eflex. 
 
 Cyperus longus iiiodorus fylveftris Ger. long, 
 inod. vulgaris Park. toi^. inod. fylv. Lobelio 
 J. B. long. inod. Germanicus C. B. Long Ba- 
 flard Cyperm. In the watery places of Himou-moor, 
 and in divers Fen-ditebes. 
 
 Elseagnus Cordi Lob. Rhus myrtifolia Bel- 
 gica C. B. Myrtus Brabantica Ger. Rhus fylv. 
 live Myrtus Brabantica aut Anglica Park. 
 Gale frutex odoratus feptentrionalium J. B. 
 Sweet-willow, Gaul, Dutch Myrtle. In the fens in 
 the Ifle of Ely in many places abundantly. This is 
 wont to be put among cloaths to communkate a fweet 
 feent to them. 
 
 Enula campana O^c. Park. Helenium Ger. 
 vulgare C. B. Helenium five Enula campana 
 J. B. In tlx pafture-fields about Madingley, Coton, 
 Barton, &cc. in great plenty. Elecampane. It is 
 common to many Counties. 
 
 Equifetum paluftre ramofum aquis immer- 
 fum, feu Millefolium aquaticum equifetifo- 
 lium. Horfetail water Milfoil. In flow or flagna- 
 ting waters every where almofl. 
 
 Ferrum equinum Gcrmanicum filiquis in 
 fummitate C B. equinum coraofum Park. Or- 
 nithopodio affinis vel potiiis Solese aut Ferro 
 equino herba J. B. Bufl)-beaded Horfe-fboe Vetch. 
 On Gogmagog hills, New-market-heath, and the dri- 
 er part of Hinton-moor, &c. 
 
 Geranium hsematodes, foliis majoribus, pal- 
 lidioribus, & altiiis incifis. Bho^ Cranes-bill, 
 with lar^Y, paler, and more deeply divided leaves. 
 Found by Mr. Dale on the banks of the DeviVs- 
 ditch towards Reche. 
 
 Glaux Diofeoridis Ger. Hifpanic.a J. B. Hi- 
 fpanica Clufli Park. Ciceri fyivcflri minori affi- 
 nis fi non idem C. B. Diojeorides his Milktare, 
 or Clufius bis Spanifl} Milkwort. On the drier 
 part of Hinton-moor, and almofl all over Gogmagog- 
 bills and New-market-heath. 
 
 Glaux \-uIgaris Ad. Lob. vulgaris leguminofii 
 five Glycyrrhiza fylveftris Park. Glyc. fylveftris 
 floribus lutco-pallefcentibus C. B. Feenum Gvx- 
 cum fylveftre live Glycyrrhiza fylveftris quibuf- 
 oani J. B. Wild Liquorice, or Liquorice-vetch. 
 About the caflle-hill at Cambridge ; by the lane^s- 
 fide that leads from Cambridge to Cherry-Hlaton, 
 and in many other places. 
 
 Glycyrrhiza vulgaris Ger. emac. vulgaris fili- 
 quofa Park, filiquofa vel Germanica C. B. ra- 
 dice repente Germanica J. B. Common-Liquo- 
 rice. Planted in good quantity at Elme in the Ifle 
 of Ely. From its faculty of quenching or flaking of 
 tbirft it is by fame calfd Adiplbn ,* and is thought 
 to be the Radix Scythica of Theophraftus, 
 which took away the fenfe of hunger and tbirfl 
 from thofe who held it in their mouths. 
 
 Gnaphalium montanum album Ger. monr. 
 flore rotundiore C. B. montanum five Pes cati 
 Park. Pilofella minor quibufdam, aids Gnapha- 
 lii genus J. B. Mountain Cudweed or Catsfoot. 
 
 of a mile from Bottejham-beaeon, and in other pla- 
 ces of the Ixath in great plenty. 
 
 Gratiola anguftifolia Ger. emac. anguftifolia 
 five minor Park. Hyflbpifolia C. B. aquatica J. B. 
 Small Hedge-byfop or Grafs-Poley. In the corn-fields 
 and (hadowy lanes about Hogimon and Hiflon ', and 
 in many places about Cambridge. 
 
 K. Herba Paris Ger. J. B. Park. Herb-Paris 
 or Herb True-love. In Kingfton and Everfden 
 woods. 
 
 Hieracium latifolium Pannonicum i. Chf. 
 
 I. latifolium Clufii Ger. Pannonicum latifo- 
 lium I. Clufio, Pilofella majori, velPuImona- 
 ri$ lutea: aecedens, &c. J. B. Alpinum latifo- 
 lium hirfutic incanum, magno flore C B. Broad- 
 leaved Hungarian Hawkweed. On the banks of 
 the Devif s-ditch near Reche not far from New- 
 market. 
 
 Hieracium minus Cichorei vel potius Stcebes 
 folio hirfutum Cat. Cant. Hier. Caftorei odore 
 Monfpelienflwn. Smallrougb Succory-bawkweedfmel- 
 Ung like Caflor. In the paflures betwee-n Cambridge 
 and Grantcefier, not far from the river. 
 
 Holofteum medium Elienfe foliis rigidiori- 
 bus glaucis. Caryophyllus holofteus ^liis gra- 
 mineis Mentzel. forte. The middle fort of Stkls- 
 wort. It grvws plentifully on the Fen-banks in the 
 Ifle of Ely. 
 
 Jacobsea montana anguftifolia lanuginofa, non 
 laciniata C B. Pannonica folio non laciniato 
 
 J. B. anguftifolia Ger. emac. anguftifolia Panno- 
 nica non laciniata Park. Nurrow-leaa/ d moun- 
 tain Ragwort. On Gogmagog-hills and Newmarket-^ 
 heath. 
 
 Juncus paluftris panicula glomerata ex rubro 
 nigricante Cat. Cant, femiiie Eitbofpermi Bot. 
 Mon. Round black-headed Marfl}-Rufh or Bog-Rufh 
 with Gromill-feeds. Every-where in the watery 
 places of Hhn^n and Teverflyam-moors. 
 
 Lathyrus major ktifolius Ger. emac. major pe-* 
 remiis Park, major latifolia, flore purpureo fpe- 
 ciofior J. B. latifofiu.s C. B. Peafe everlafiing. In 
 Madingley-wood, and other woods. 
 
 Linaria adulterina Ger. emac. montana ffofeu- 
 lis albicantibus C. B. Linari® fimilis^^. B. Pfeu- 
 do-linarix montana alba BaflardToadflax. 
 Cki Gogmagog-hills and Newmarket-lxath, but flat- 
 teringly^ 
 
 R r r 
 
 Linum 
 
499 
 
 ICENI. 
 
 500 
 
 Linum fylveflre caeruleum perenne ereftius 
 flore & capitulo majore. perennial blue Flax 
 
 luith larger heads and flowers. On the borders of 
 the corn-fields about Gogntagog-Mllsy and in fome 
 clofes about Cherry-Hinton. 
 
 Linum fylvelbe c^ruleum procumbens, flo- 
 re & capitulo minore. IVild perennial blue Flax 
 ■with /mailer heads and flowers. In the fame places 
 ■with the former, obfervd by Mr. Dale. 
 
 Lychnis no&iflora C. B. Park. Ocymoides non 
 fpeciofum B. Night-flowering Campion. Found 
 among corn between Newmarket and Wood-Ditton. 
 
 Lychnis fylveftris flore albo minimo. Lych. 
 fylv. altera fpica reflexd Bot. Monjp. arvenfis mi- 
 nor Anglica Park. Small Corn-Campion with a ve- 
 ry /mail white flower. Found among com near the 
 Devil' s-ditch. 
 
 Melampyrum criflatum flore purpureo f. B. 
 an luteum anguftifolium C B. Park ? Purple- 
 headed crefied Cow-wheat. In Aladingley and King- 
 flon woods, and in almofl all the other woods in this 
 County. It alfo over-fpreads all the paflure and com- 
 mon grounds youpafs through going from Madingley 
 to Dry-Drayton. 
 
 Millefolium paluftre galericulatum Ger. emac. 
 aquaticum flore luteo galericulato B. aquati- 
 cum lenticulatum C B. Hooded Water-Milfoil. 
 In the brook Stour by the Iflet it makes : and in ma- 
 ny of the great Fen-ditches in the Ifle of Ely plenti- 
 fully. There hath a lejfer fort of this, with a fmall 
 flower, been obferved on Teuerjham-moor. 
 
 Onobrychis Ger. vulgaris Park, foliis vicias 
 fruftu echinato major C B. Polygalon Gefneri 
 *f. B. Caput gallinaceum Belgarum Lob. Medick- 
 vetchling, Cocks-head, commonly, but falfly call'd 
 Saint Foine. On Gogmagog-hiUs, and the balks in 
 the corn-fields aU thereabout. 
 
 Orchis lilifolius minor fabuletorum Zelan- 
 dix & Bataviae J. B. cham^orchis lilifolia C. B. 
 Dwarf-Orchies of Zealand, or rather Marfh-bafiard- 
 orchies. In the watery places of Hinton and Tever- 
 Jham-moors. 
 
 Orchis myodes Ger. myodes galea & alis 
 herbidis J. B. major mufcam referens C B. The 
 Fly-Orchies. On the banks of the Devil’ s-ditch, and 
 in the clofes about Hinton and Teverfbam. 
 
 Orchis five Cynoforchis minor Paniionica Ger. 
 militaris Pannonica Park, militaris pratenfis hu- 
 milior C. B. parvis floribus multis pun( 9 :is nota- 
 tis, an Orchis Pannon. 4. Clufii ? J. B. Little 
 purple-flower d Dogs-flones. On Gogmagog-hills, New- 
 market-heatb, and particularly on the Devil’ s-ditch 
 plentifully. 
 
 Orchis five Tefticulus fphegodes hirfuto flore 
 
 B. fucum referens colore rubiginofo C. B. 
 The green-winged Humble-bee Satyrion. In an old 
 gravel-pit near Shelford by the foot-way from Tnm- 
 pington to the Church. 
 
 Orchis odorata Mofchata five Monarchis 
 C. B. pufilla odorata Park, parva Autumnalis 
 lutea jf. B. The yello-w-fweet, or musk-orchies. In 
 the chalk-pit-clofe at Cherry-Hinton, and in fome pits 
 about Gogmagog-hills. 
 
 Papaver corniculatum violaceum jf. B. Park. 
 C. B. cornutum flore violaceo Ger. Violet-colour d 
 horned Poppy. In the corn-fields beyond Swafham, 
 06 you go to Burwell. 
 
 Pimpinella faxifraga hircina major J. B. Park, j 
 faxifraga Ger. faxifraga major umbella Candida 1 
 C. B. Great Bnrnet-faxifrage. In the woods at . 
 S. George-Hatley, and in many other woods on the 
 border of Bedfordjhire. 
 
 Potamogiton ramofum caule corapreflb, folio 1 
 Graminis canini. SmaU-brcmched Pondweed with ; 
 a flat fialk. In the river Cam. 
 
 Potamogiton millefolium feu foliis gramineis . 
 
 ramofum. Angramineum ramofum C. B. f.B. 
 Park. Millefolium tenuifolium Ger. emac. kd. 
 Fine or Fennel-leav’d Pondweed. Intbe river Cam 
 plentifully. 
 
 Pulfatilla Anglica purpurea Park, parad. flore 
 minore Ger. minore nigricante C. B. flore claufo 
 csruleo f. B. Common or Englifh Pafque-flower. 
 On Gogmagog-hills on the left hand of the way lead- 
 ing from Cambridge to Haveril, jufi on the top of 
 the hill, alfo about Hilderfbcm fix miles from Cam- 
 bridge. 
 
 Ranunculus flammeus major Ger. paluflris 
 flammeus major Park, longifolius paluflris ma- 
 jor C. B. longo folio maximus, Lingua Plinii 
 y. B. Great Spear-wort. In fome ditches at Tever- 
 fham-moor, and abundantly in many great ditches in 
 the fens in the Ifle of Ely. 
 
 l^bes nigrum vulgo diiflum folio olente y. B. 
 fruftu nigro Park. Grollularia non fpinofa fru- 
 itu nigro C. B. Black Currans, Squinancy-berries. 
 By the river* s-fide at Abington. 
 
 Rorella five Ros folis foliis oblongis y. B. 
 Park, folio oblongo C. B. Long-leav d Rofa folis^ 
 or Sun-dew. On Hinton-moor about the watery pla- 
 ces plentifully, 
 
 Salix humilior, foliis anguftis fubc^ruleis, ut 
 plurimum fibi invicem oppofitis. Salix renuior, 
 folio minore, utrinque glabro fragilis y. B. The 
 
 • yellow dwarf-willow. By the horfe-way-flde to 
 
 • Cherry-Hinton, in the clefe juft by the water you pafs 
 over to go thither. 
 
 Scordium y. B. C. B. Ger. legitimum Park. 
 Water-Germander. In many ditches in the Ifle of 
 
 • Ely, and in the Ofie^'-holts about Ely-city. Alfo in 
 f a ditch on the left band of the road leading from 
 ' Cambridge to Hifton, about the mid-way. 
 
 S. Sefamoides Salamanticum magnum Ger. 
 
 ' The greater Spanifh Catchfly. Near the gravel-pits 
 as you go to the neareft Windmill on the North- 
 flde of Newmarket-to-wn. This place may be in Suj- 
 ■ folk. 
 
 Solanum lethaleParL Ger. melanocerafos C.B. 
 maiiicuin multis five Bella donna y. B. Deadly 
 Nightfhade or Dwale. In the lanes about Fulborn 
 plentifully. 
 
 Thaliftrum minus Ger. Park. C. B. minus, five 
 Ruts pratenfis genus minus, femine ftriato y.B. 
 The lejfer Meadow-Rue. About Newmarket, and 
 alfo about Bartlow and Linton in the chalky grounds. 
 
 Trifolium echinatum arvenfe fruftu minore 
 C B. Medica echinata minima y. B. echinaca 
 parva refta Park, mafo ; non enim erigitur. The 
 fmalleft Hedge-hog-TrfoiL In an old gravel-pit in 
 the corn-field near Wilborham Church ; alfo at New- 
 market where the Sefamoides Salamanticum grows. 
 
 Trifolium fylveflre luteum iiliqua cornuta, 
 vel Medica frutefcens C. B. Mcdica fylveflris 
 y. B. frutefcens five flavo flore Clufii Park. Tel- 
 low-medick with fiat-wreathed cods. In many places 
 among the com, as between Linton and Bartlow by 
 the road-fides j between Cambridge and Tnmpinton 
 near the river ; about Quoy Church and Wlb&r- 
 ham. See. 
 
 Verbafeum nigrum floret luteo purpurafeen- 
 te C. B. nigrum flore luteo, apicibus purpureis 
 y. B. nigrum Ger. nigrum falvifolium luteo 
 flore Lob. Sage-leav’d black Mullein. In many 
 places about Gogmagog-hills towards Linton, as by 
 the lanes-ftdes, and in the clofes about Abington, 
 Shelford, &c. 
 
 Veronica picata recta minor y. B. Spicatami- 
 nor C B. mas erefta Park, afl'uigens five fpica 
 Ger. Upright Male-Speedwell or Fluellin, In feve- 
 ral clofes on Newmarket-heath, as in a olofe near the 
 beacon on the left hand of the way from Cambridge to 
 Newmarket. 
 
 BVN- 
 
4 fh>nt, 
 
 (f HUNriNGl 
 
 Shirr 
 
 \ ISL^TiItTU ■ 
 
 ^•; Chcphut 
 
 Rainl'ev 
 
 i 3urr 
 
 fhetfjrJ. 
 
 .h'ulinhani 
 
 y/ilbc^rtjn 
 
 [x-ure 
 
 Strcjthdm^ 4^ 
 
 ’•yrdj!' 
 
 Ss ^iulrcth 
 
 Bluntsh. 
 
 XiJin.ni'jrth ^ 
 
 
 \fttJiuiJin 
 
 ICEN r 
 
 
 XunJ biuch 
 
 JDrui'tJft 
 
 
 
 
 jCambridre 
 
 ChiLhrtlc 
 
 ^rumj^injtsn 
 
 'V •"w'.’ i 
 
 Comber ton 
 
 • barUiton 
 
 Tt’ulton 
 
 ^^ton 
 
 .irrinjton 
 
 Crawite 
 
 71’haJJc 
 
 mini 
 
 IZntesvorth ^ 
 
 \ f.iJhv 
 
 Shenh^^ 
 
 Bdifinjbt 
 
 -■■■; o 
 
 t>r,„y j - / 'i'. -J 
 
 L., To s E- '/ . 
 
 Bush / jf-’/mnoton 
 
 Xox-Ix-ort/, Chdhrton ^ / 
 
 E B - j 3 I . D , Q X y 
 
 H u N 
 
 Til ■■ Zotujfox' 
 
 H 
 
 

o 
 
 HU NT IN GDONSHIRE. 
 
 iT the back of Camhid^ejhire 
 lies the County of Hunting- 
 don, by the Saxons call'd 
 rbuncan6unej-cype andlbun- 
 ceiuneycype, fby the later 
 Writers, Himtedunejcire, and 
 HuntyngdonJ-chyre\ commonly 
 Himtingdonfhire ; fituated fo, as to have Bed- 
 fordjlme on the South, Northampmjhire on the 
 Weft and likewife on the North (where they 
 are parted by the river Avon,) and Cambridge- 
 fiire on the Eaft. Tit is of very fmall extent, 
 icarce ftretching out it felf twenty miles, tho' 
 j.Speed, from to the beft advantage. | It has been 
 
 Sir Rotert an obfervation upon this County, that the 
 Cotton. families of it have been fo worn our, that tho' 
 it has been very rich in Gentry, yet but few 
 Sirnames of any note are remaining, which 
 can be drawn down beyond the reign of the 
 laft Henry. The caule of fuch decay in places 
 nearer London, is plain enough ; viz., the ma- 
 ny temptations to luxury, and the great wealth 
 of Merchants, always ready to fupply the Ex- 
 travagances of the Nobility and Gentry. But 
 this cannot hold fo well here j fo that we muft 
 confider, whether a reafon bro^ht by a later 
 Author will not folve it, viz,, ifmt, mofi oj the 
 County being Abby~land ', upon the Dijfolution, many 
 nev3 Purchafert planted themfelves herein ", and 
 perhaps their new pofleffions might have the 
 fame fate here, that Church-revenues have had 
 in other places, where they fell into Lay-hands.l 
 It is a very good Corn-Country j and for 
 feeding-ground, the fenny part of the Eaft is 
 exceeding fat ; the reft is mighty pleafant, by 
 reafon ot its fwelling hills, and fhady groves 
 for in ancient times it was all a wood, ac- 
 cording to the report of the Inhabitants. That 
 it was a Foreft, till Henry the fecond d^orefied 
 it in the beginning of his reign, is evident 
 by an old Survey {AU, except Waybridge, Sap- 
 ple, and Herthei, vihich were woods of the Lords 
 demain, and do fliU remain a Forefi :) [and Sir 
 Robert Cotton (wlio had himfelf defign'd a Hi- 
 ftory of this County) fays, this was never fully 
 eft'efted till the time of Edward the firft. For 
 altho' Henry the fecond did pretend to en- 
 • franchife his fubjeSis of this Shire from thefervitude 
 of his beafts, except Wabridge, Saple, and Her- 
 thy, his own Demains ; yet fuch were the en- 
 croachments of the fucceeding Reigns, that the 
 poor Inhabitants were forc'd to petition for 
 redrefs ; which was granted them by the great 
 Charter of Henry the third. Only, his fon 
 refum'd the fruits of his father's kindnefs ; till 
 in the apth year of his reign, he confirm'd 
 the former Charter, and left no more of this 
 Shire, Foref, than what was his own ground. 
 
 The government of the County is very pe- 
 culiar j Cambridgefhire, in the Civil adminiftra- 
 tion, being joyn'd to it ; fo that there is but 
 one ijigh-iheriff for both Shires. He is cho- 
 fen out of Cambridgefhire, one year ", out of the 
 Ifle of Ely, a fecond ; and the third, out of 
 this Shire. In the Ifle of Ely, he is chofen 
 out of the north-part, one time j and opt of 
 the fouth, another.l 
 
 The river Oufe, which I have fo often men- 
 tion'd, waflies the fouth-part, and decks it 
 with flowers. Befides other meaner places, 
 there ftand three towns of note upon this ri- 
 ver, after it has left Bedfordfhhe and enters 
 
 t 
 
 this County. The firft is St. Neots, f callM in 
 the Saxon Annals S. Neo6, andl commonly 
 St. Needs ", from one Neotus, a learned and pi-St. Meeds 
 ous perfon, who fpent his life in propagating 
 the Chriftian Religion : His body was remov’d 
 from Neotflock in Cornwall to this place ,• in ho- 
 nour of whom, Alfrick converted Earl Elfrid’s 
 Palace into aMonaftery, which Roifia, the wife 
 of Richard Lord of Clare, foon after che coming- 
 in of the Normans, endow'd with many fair 
 eftates. Before that, this place was calfd Ai- ^.m%b^xry. 
 nulphsbury, from one Ainulph another Saint ; 
 which name a part of the Town ftill retains. 
 
 At Hailweflon, a fmall village fomewhat lower, 
 are two fmall fprings, onefrefh, and the other Medicinal 
 a little brackifti; one good for Scabs and Le- Springs, 
 prolies, as the Inhabitants fay, and the other 
 tor dimnefs of eyes. A little way further, the 
 Otife runs by Bugden, a handfom Palace of the Bugden; 
 Biflibps of Lincoln", and fo by Htncbingbroke,Pi\xiQUn^n 
 rormerly a Nunnery (which was remov’d by^'’ol<e. 
 William the Conqueror from Eltefley in Cam- 
 bridgefhire, to this place) and f fince the feat off Now, C,- 
 the Crowwi’i'f, Knights ; f but now of the Earl 
 of Sandwich, to whom it affords the title of 
 Vifeount, as Sr. Neots doth that ofBaron.l 
 From thence it runs to Huntingdon, by the Sa- Huntingdon, 
 xons buncaiiiun, according to Marianus fand 
 alfo buncenbune, and buncenbunepopc jl in 
 the publick Seal Himters-dune, that is (accord- 
 ing to Henry Arcli-Deacon of this place, who 
 flourifli’d * five hundred years ago) the down or* Four, C, 
 mountain of Hunters ; from whence they have a 
 Huntfman in their Arms. Our Country-man 
 Leland has upon this account coin'd that new 
 Latin name, Venantodunum ; fand alfo tells us, 
 that in his time they had an ancient Coin, 
 dug-up not far from the Town, with the 
 pidure of a t hound on one fide, but that the -f- Canis lepo- 
 Infcription was not legible.! This is the chiefrarii. 
 town of the whole County, and gives name 
 to it ; It excels the towns about it (fays the fame 
 Arch-deacon) for its pleafant Jituation, its hand- 
 fomnefs and beauty, the convenience of the fens jufi 
 by, and the great advantages of hunting and fifhing. 
 
 In the reigii of Edward the Confeflor, as it is 
 
 in Domefday-book, Tfhis Burrough was divided 
 
 into four Ferlings ", two of them had one hundred 
 
 and fixteen Burgeffes that paid cuftom and gelt, and 
 
 under them one hundred Bordarii j the other two 
 
 had one hundred and eleven Burgeffes, who paid aU 
 
 the Kings cufioms and gelt. It ftands on the 
 
 North-fide of the Oufe, on a rifing ground ; 
 
 reaching lengthways to the North, and adorn'd 
 
 ft anciently with fifteen Churches, and of la-^ YVith four 
 
 ter days with four j which were reduced in Churches, C, 
 
 the late Civil wars to two ; 1 and heretofore 
 
 with a fmall Abby, founded by the Emprefs 
 
 Maud and Euflace Lovetoft, the ruins whereof 
 
 I faw our of the town Eaftward. By the fide 
 
 of this river, nigh the fair Free-ftone bridge, 
 
 there is a mount, and ground-plot of a caftle, 
 
 * built anew in the yearpiy by EiitvW the * 
 elder, Tor (as others gather from Homefday) in 
 by William the Conqueror ; 1 and enlarg'd Speed. ’ 
 with feveral new works by David King of 
 Scots, to whom King Stephen had given the 
 Burrough of Huntingdon for an augmentation 
 of his eftate, as an ancient Hiftorian has it ; 
 and laftly demolifti’d to the ground by Henry 
 the fecond, as W'ell becaufe it was a refuge to 
 ' Rebellion, as to prevent the frequent quarrels 
 ! betweeq 
 

 I C E N I. 
 
 5 ° 4 - 
 
 II Cotton, in 
 Speed, 
 
 Goodman* 
 
 eheder. 
 
 Durodponte. 
 
 between the Scots and the St. Lit.es about it ; 
 which made him fw ear in a great paffion, that 
 he would leave no caufe of contention to ei- 
 ther party. IBy the forefaid number of Chur- 
 ches in ancient times, it appears to have been 
 once a very flourifhing Town. And the caufe 
 of its decav, feems to have been the II altera- 
 tion made in the river, by Grey (a Minion of 
 the time, as my Author calls him) who pro- 
 cur’d the pafl'age of it to be dop’d, whereas, 
 before, to the great advantage of the Inhabi- 
 tants, it had been navigable as far as this 
 Town. King John granted it, by Charter, a 
 peculiar CorOKer, projit by LoH and Cujlom^ a Re- 
 corder, Tovsn-Clerk, and tvso Bailiffs j but at pre- 
 sent it is incorporated by the name of a Mayor, 
 twelve Aldermen and Burgefl'es ; and the river is 
 made navigable by fmaller Veflels, as high asBed- 
 ford.T From the caftle-hiil, there is a large pro- 
 fpedt, from whence we fee a meadow encom- 
 pafs’d with the Oufe, call’d Portjholme, exceeding 
 large ( and a more glorious one the Sun never 
 faw) to which in the Spring-time this Verfe 
 may be well apply ’d ; 
 
 Ver pingH vario gemmantia prata colore. 
 
 Kind Spring with various colours paints the 
 Meads. 
 
 This pleafant Scene, as if contriv’d on pur- 
 pofe by feme Painter, perfeflly charms one s 
 eye. On the other fide of the river, over- 
 againft Huntingdon, and as it were the Mother 
 that brought it forth, Hands GwmoncheBer, 
 now call’d GoodmancheHer. A large Country- 
 town eminent for tillage, and fituated on a free 
 open ground, declining to the Sun. Nor is 
 there a Town in the Kingdom that has a great- 
 er number of lufty ftout Husbandmen, or keeps 
 more Plows a going ; and they brag that they 
 have formerly entertain’d the Kings of En- 
 gland in their progrefs, with a rullick fhow of 
 uinefcore Plows at once. Certainly, there are 
 none in the Nation that more advance Hus- 
 bandry (which Columella calls Wifdom’s Coufin) 
 cither in refpeft of their skill, their purfe, or 
 their genius that way. [By which means, they 
 grew fo wealthy and confiderable, that in the 
 reign of K. James the firlf, the Town was incor- 
 porated by the name of tv:o Bailiffs^ twelve Af~ 
 /ifiants, and Commonalty , oj the Burrough of Good- 
 manebefier.'] Henry of Huntingdon calls it in his 
 time a Village not unpleafam j hut formerly, as he 
 truly ‘writes, it been a noble City. For 
 (omitting the Roman coins frequently plow’d- 
 up, and the diftances in the Itinerary ; ftoge- 
 ther with the bones of divers men of tar 
 greater ftature than is credible to be fpoken 
 of in thofe days ; )1 omitting thefe, the very 
 name implies it to be the fame City that Amo- 
 . n'mm calls Duroliponte, inftead of Dnroftponte 
 " for Durofi-pome (pardon the alteration ol one 
 letter ) lignifies in Britifii a Bridge over Oufe : 
 (For all own, that this river was known indif- 
 tbreutlyby the names of UfeJfe,Ofe, m&Oufe:) 
 But in the Saxon times, when it loft this name, 
 it took that of Gormoncefier, from Gorman the 
 Dane (who, by Articles of Peace, had thefe 
 parts granted to him by our I^ng Alfred) as 
 this Verfe may witnefs : 
 
 Gormonis d Cafiri nornine, nomen habet. 
 
 The Town from Gormond’s Caftle took its 
 name. 
 
 It is the fame place that Piem, an ancient 
 writer, fpeaks of, when he fays, T'hat King A1 
 
 fred gain’d fuch advantages over the Danes, that 
 they gave what hofiages he demanded, either to leave 
 the hand, or turn Cbriftians. IVhich was pit in 
 execution ; for Guthrum the King (whom they call 
 Gormond) with thirty of his Nobility, and ahnojl 
 aU bis people, were baptizld, and bimfelf was a- 
 dispted Alfred’j God-fon, under the name of Athel- 
 ftan. Upon this he fettled here, and had the Pro- 
 vinces of the Eajl-Angles and Northumbers be- 
 /low’d on him ; to proteB that now as his Inheri- 
 tance under the King, which before Ik had wafied as 
 a Robber. Nor muft it be pafs*d over, that fome 
 of thefe old writers have call’d this City Gumi- 
 cefier, and Gumicafirum, pofitively affirming 
 that Maebutm had his Epifcopal See at this 
 place. fHere is a School, called the Free Grant- 
 mar School of Queen Eliz^abeth, which was in- 
 corporated in the third year of K. James the firft.l 
 The Oufe, haftning its courle from hence, 
 when it comes near Cambridge/lnre, glides thro 
 pleafant Meadows, where is a pretty neat 
 Town call’d by the Saxons Slepe, and now St. 5^. lyg- 
 Ives i r which a late Writer deferibes to be, a 
 fair, large, and ancient T’own, with a fine Stone- 
 bridge over the Oufe. The name is derived"! 
 from Ivo a Perfian Bifhop, who, as they write, 
 about the year 5oo, traveled over England, with 
 great reputation of fanctity, preaching the 
 Gofpel with great zeal wherever he came j and 
 that he left his name to this place, where he 
 dy’d. Soon after, the Religious remov’d his 
 Body from hence, to Ramfey-Abhy. [Within 
 thefe few years, a great part of it w^as burnt 
 down ; but it is built again.l 
 
 Turning almoft three miles to one fide, I faw 
 
 a large Palace * lately belonging to theSomerftam: 
 Bifhop of Ely, being given to the Church 
 of Ely by Earl in the year 5)91, and * '• 
 
 enlarg’d with new buildings by that f lewd and t in mnem 
 luxurious Bifhop, fames Stanley, fit is now /o/«- 
 the pofleffion of Anthony Hamond, of the anci-*"^' 
 eiit Family of that name in Kent.l A little 
 higher, flood the famous rich Abby of Ramfey, 
 r(in Saxon Ramepse,)"! among the fenns ; 
 where the rivers ftagnate in a fpungy kind of 
 <»round. The defeription of this place, take in 
 ihort out of the private Hiftory of the Abby. 
 
 Ramfey, that is, the Rams Ifie, on the IVeJi-fideRimCcy. 
 
 ( for on all others there are nothing but impajfible fens 
 for a great way together) is feparated from the firm 
 ground, almojl two Bow-Jhots, by rough Quagmires. 
 pfAneb place formerly us’d to receive Vejfels into 
 the midjl of it, up a * flow river, by gentle gales of * Segm’. 
 wind i but now with great pains and cofi, thefe day * 
 Quagmires are /lopped with large quantities of wood, 
 gravel, and /lone, and footmen may pafs upon a 
 firtn Caufey almofi two miles long, but not very 
 broad. It is enchsd with Alders, which, with frejh 
 green Reeds, intermix’d with Bulru/hes, make a beau- 
 tiful /hrtv. Long before it was inhabited, it was 
 all cover’d over with feveral forts of trees, but with 
 wild A/Iks in abundance. But now of late, fince 
 tbeje woods are partly cut down the land is found 
 ' to he arable and of a fat mould, and is plentiful 
 in fruit and corn ; planted with gardens, rich 
 in pa/lures. In fpring, the pleafant meads fmile on 
 the fpeBams, and the whole Ifie is embroider’d m 
 it were, with variety of flowers. Befides all this, 
 it IS furrounded with AEres fuU of Eels, and with 
 Pools full of aU forts of fi/J) and’ water-fowl. Of 
 which, Ramfey- Alere is one,fo call’d from the name ^Ramfcy- 
 tbe Ifie, far excelling all the neighbouring waters both^^'^‘ 
 in appearance and plenty i and where the I/le is wi- 
 der, and wood thicker, it wa/bes the faizdy banks, 
 and is mighty pleafant to the beholders. Out of its 
 deep holes, they draw Pikes of wonderful bignefs, 
 vchicb they call Hakeds, either with Nets of /e-Hakeds. 
 veral forts, or baited Ho()ks, or other fifi/mg Inftru- 
 I ments i 
 

 
 INGDONSHIRE. 
 
 mmts \ and though this place is perpetually hamited 
 by Fowlers, and always abundance is taken, yet is 
 there fiill abundance lejt behind. Then he pro- 
 ceeds to fhew at large, how one Ailvjin of the roy- 
 al family (avIiooii account of his great authority 
 and favour with the King, was firnam’d Healf- 
 Koning, i. e. Half-King,) built this Abby, up- 
 on occafion of a Filhcr’s dream ; how Bifliop 
 enlarg d it j how the Kings and others 
 encreas d its endowments, fo that it ufually 
 expended feven thoufand Pounds of our Money, 
 a year, to maintain fixty Monks. But fmee 
 It is now diflolv d and gone, fand the very 
 place where it flood, forgotten perhaps fome 
 will think I have faid too much of it already ; 
 however, 1 will venture to add, out of the 
 fame Author, the Epitaph on Ailwins I’omb, 
 becaufe it has in it fuch an uncommon title of 
 Honour. 
 
 HIC REQUIESCIT AILWINVS IN- 
 CLITI REGIS EADGARI COGNA- 
 TVS, TOTIVS ANGLIC ALDER- 
 MANNVS, ET HVIVS SACRI COE 
 NOBII MIRACVLOSVS FVNDA- 
 TOR. 
 
 That is. 
 
 Here refls Ailwin, kinfman to the famom King 
 Eadgar, Alderman of all England, and the miracu- 
 lorn founder of this Monaftery. 
 
 ri will add alfo, that the Abbots of Ramfey 
 had place in Parliament j the head of their 
 Barony being Broughton, at fome diftance to the 
 
 50(5 
 
 fon of Malcolm Can-mor King of Scotland 
 and Margaret his Wife, of the Royal Family 
 of the Saxons (Ihe being King Edmund Iron- 
 lide s grandchild by his fon Edgar, who was 
 ^nam d the BaniJlS d.) David had a foil call’d 
 Hetiry, and he another call’d David, w'ho was 
 Earl of Huntingdon: by IJabel, one of his 
 c-aughters, Cumingtm and other large poffcf- 
 lions, came by marriage to Robert Bms, from 
 whofe eldcfl: fon Robert, lirnam’d the Noble, 
 
 'James fthe firft,! King of Great Britain, li- 
 neally derived his Defcent ; and from his * Derives C. 
 younger fon Bernard, who inherited Cunuington 
 and E-xton, Sir Robert Cotton Knight t dt'rived f Derives C- 
 his j a perfon, who, bolides other excellen- 
 cies, 11 was a great Admirer and Mailer ofj| Is, C. 
 Learning, and * had here a Collection of An-» Hath, C. 
 tiquities from all parts; from whofe fingular 
 courtefie I often receiv’d great light, in thefe 
 obfeure and intricate matters. FDivers Ro- 
 man Monuments brought by him from the 
 Piits-wall, do Hill remain in a Summer-houfe 
 in the Garden here ; and, in the Church, are 
 two ancient remarkable Monuments ; the one 
 inferib d, Imperator, Rex Franeix, Anglo-Saxo- 
 num, Anglia, Scotia ; the other. Prince Henry 
 of Scotland, Lord of Cunnington ; but both with- 
 out date.l 
 
 By reafon thefe parts lye fo low, andareMoffes. 
 under water for fome months, and in fome 
 places are fo hollow, that tiiey feeni to doat; 
 they are much infelled with the noifome fmells 
 of Lakes, and a thick foggy air. Here lies 
 that dear Lake fofull of filh, call’d kVitlefmere,iy;tlermers 
 fix miles long and three broad, in a moorifh Lake. 
 Country ; but the great profit of filhing, the 
 
 plenty of Pallures, and the abundance of Turf 
 tor firing do (as the neighbours tliink) fuf- 
 ficiently make amends for the unhealthful- 
 
 South, which had annex’d to it, in this Shire 
 four Knights fees .1 
 
 From Ramfey to Peterborough, diflant abofit 
 
 ten miles. King Canute f(as is commonly faid)l|nefs of the place. Box King Canute gave orders 
 rais’d a pav’d caufey with great labour and*fo T’urkill the Dane (whom we mention’d be- 
 Kingsdelf. charge (by our Hillorians call’d Kings delf nigh | fore,) that every village about the jens fhould have 
 the great Lake VfAmkfmere,) becaufe that way'/f’j- proper Marfh j who fo divided the ground, that 
 was well-nigh impaflable by reafon of hrooVsf he Inhabitants of each village Jhould have juft fo 
 and fioughs. TBut what way foever is meant by ^ much of the Marfh for their own ufe, as lay right 
 that name, it is certain, that it cannot be Ca-\againft the farm-ground of the faid village. He 
 nutus's road; for the name Kingsdelf or Cmp,ep-\alfo made an order, that m village might dig or 
 6ailp in thofe parts appears upon Record bc-lwotu in another’s Marfh without leave ; but how- 
 fore Canutus’s time ; I mean, in the reign oC ever, that the feeding fhould be common to all, 
 
 Edgar, who, in his Charter to the Church | is, Horn under Horn, for the prefervation of 
 * Chron. of Peterburrow, * makes this Cmgepdxlp onz peace and quiet among them. But this by, the 
 Sax. p. 119. of the bounds of his Donation. Befides, the! way. 
 
 lin. 1 S. Saxon will not anfwer a via confirata lapiA When the children and fervants of Canutus were The little 
 dihm, or pav’d way, ^ but feems rather to mark fent-for from Peterborough to Ramfey, as they Hiftory of 
 
 * our to us fome ditch drawn at firll for the 
 
 draining of thofe fenny grounds, and reducing 
 the waters into one chanel.l As this Abbey 
 was an ornament to the eaftern parts of the 
 County, fo was Sawtry to the middle ; a Mo- 
 nallery for Cillercians, founded by the fecond 
 Simon de St. Liz.e, Earl of Huntingdon. A lit- 
 Cunniogton, tie way oft^ lies Cunnington ; held (as the Law- 
 yers word it) of the Honour of Huntingdon, where, 
 within a fquarc ditch, are the plain footlleps 
 Saltry. of an ancient Caflle, which wdth Saltry was 
 
 Turkill the given by Canute to Turkill the Dane, who 
 Dane. liv’d among the Eall-Angles, and call’d-in 
 Sueno King of Denmark to plunder the Nation. 
 After Turkill’s departure, it was poflefs’dby 
 Waldeof Earl of Huntingdon, fon to Siward 
 Earl of Northumberland, who marry ’d Judith, 
 William the Conqueror’s Niece by his halt' 
 filler on the mother’s fide ; by whofe eldefl 
 daughter it defeended to the Royal Family of 
 Scotland, For Ihe, after her firll husband’s 
 deceafe, marry ’d David Earl of Huntingdon 
 (afterw'ards King of Scotland,) the younger 
 
 pafs’d this Lake, in the midft of their pleafant voy- 
 age, and their finging and jollity, the turbulent winds, 
 and a tempeftuom ftorm, arofe on all fides, and m 
 it were furrounded them ; fo that they were utterly 
 in defpair either of life, fecurity, or fuccour : but 
 fo great wcu God’s mercy, that they did not all be- 
 come a prey to that devouring Element : for fome, 
 in his compafion and providence, hefavdfrom f/j?Thc founda- 
 ragin^ waves, but others, by his fecret judgment, 
 fuffer d to perifh in the deep. IVhen this fad news 
 W06 brought to tlse King, it put him into a dread- 
 ful terror and trembling ; but after he woe a little 
 recover’d, he did, by the counfel of his Nobility and 
 Friends (to prevent all future tnifchances from this 
 mercilefs monfter,) order his foldiers and fervants to 
 mark out a Ditch in the Marftoes between Ramfey 
 and Witlefy, with their Skeins and Swords, and ft 
 Day-labourers to four and cleanfe it ; from whence, 
 
 06 we have it from our Predecejjors of good credit, 
 this ditch by fome of the neighbours was call’d 
 Swerdes-deltj becaufe it was mark’d out by fwords jSwerdes-delf 
 but fome would have it call’d Cnouts-delf, 
 that King’s name. But now they commonIy^^"S*''^®*fi 
 S f f call 
 
5°7 
 
 ICENI. 
 
 508 
 
 call it Steeds-dih ; and it is the bound be- 
 tween this County and Cambridgelhirc. 
 Kimbolton. KinniEmtum-Caiile, now Kimholtoni _ former- 
 ly the feat of the Mandevilsy and alter that 
 
 * Now of the of the BohimSi Stafiord’j * and IVingjieldsy is 
 
 Wtng^tlisyC.one great ornament to the t Weft-parts of 
 + Eaft, C. County, f Sir Richard U^tngfield (as Le- 
 
 MS vori. Lodgings and Gal- 
 
 leries upon the old foundations of this Caftle, 
 which was doubIe-ditch’d> and the building 
 of it very ftrong. From the JVtngfieldsy it 
 pafs*d by fale to the Mountagues ; and Henry 
 Earl of Manchefter, of that name, very much 
 improv’d the Caftle, fparing no coft that might 
 add to its beauty \ but moft of all hath it 
 been improv’d, or rather new-built, in a very 
 beautiful manner, by Charles., his grandfon j 
 who hath been advanced by his Majefty King 
 George, to the higher and more honourable 
 
 See Mand't. Title of Duke of Manchefter. Here is at pre- 
 fier, in Lan- fent a pretty fair town, feated in a bottom ; 
 cafliire. which hath given the title of Baron, to the 
 fucceflive Earls of Manchefierd\ 
 
 Stoneiy. Below this, was Stonely, a fmall Convent 
 founded by the Bigrames. A little way from 
 Awkenbury. hence ftands Awkenbury, which was given by 
 King John to David Earl of Huntingdon, and 
 Stephen Se- by John Scot his fon to Stephen Segrave, a perfon 
 grave. whom I am the more willing to mention, be- 
 caufe he was one of the Courtiers who have 
 
 * NuUam po- taught us, * T^hat no Power is powerful enough 
 
 tsHtiam ejfs fo preferve it felf With a great deal of pains 
 pstentem. rais’d himfelf to a high ftation, with as 
 
 much trouble kept it, and as fuddenly loft it. 
 Matth, Paris, /« his younger daysy from a Clerk he was made 
 Knighty "tho but of a mean family in his latter 
 daysy by his indujlry and courage he fo enrich d and 
 advanced himfelj, that be wcu rank’d among the 
 higheji of the Nobility, and was inade Chiej Ju- 
 fike of Englandy and managd almoft all the Af- 
 fairs of the Nation m he pleas’d. At length, he 
 wholly loft the King’s favour, and ended his 
 days in a Monaftery ; and hey whoy out of pride, 
 muft needs remove from Eeclefiaftical to Secular 
 AffairSy woe forced to reaffume bis Ecclejiafikal Of- 
 fice and fhaven crown, which he had formerly laid 
 ajide, without fo much as confulting his Bijhop. A 
 Leighton, little way from hence, ftands Leighton, where 
 Sir Gervafe Knight began a noble build- 
 
 ing , fand in the fixth year of King James 
 the firft was created Baron of this place ; to 
 which title his Great grand-daughter the 
 Lady Katharine OBrien was reftor’d in the 
 reign of King Charles the fecond. It hath fince 
 been the pofleflion of the Lady Butler, daugh- 
 ter and heir to the late Richard Earl of Arran, 
 who had it in marriage with the foie daughter 
 of James Duke of Richmond, as the Duke 
 had had it by marriage with a daughter and 
 heir of the Lord Clifton. From a place near 
 this, the Earl of Arran was created a Baron 
 of this Realm, by the title of Lord Butler of 
 Wejloni\ 
 
 Spaldwtck. Hard by, lies Spaldwkk, which was given to 
 the Church of Lincoln by Henry the firft, to 
 make amends for his taking the Biftioprick of 
 Ely out of Lincoln-Diocefe. 
 
 The river Nen, at its entrance into this Shire, 
 Elton* tuns by £/fo?z, the feat. Theretofore,! of the fa- 
 mous and ancient family of the Sapeots, where 
 f I», C. t was a private but very beautifril Chapel, with 
 curious painted windows, built by the Lady 
 Elizabeth Dinbam, widow of the Baron Fitz- 
 Warren, who marry’d into this family ; Tbut 
 it hath been ruinous thefe many years j and 
 the place is now the feat of the Probies, who 
 have built here an elegant Houfe.! Somewhat 
 
 higher, upon the Nen, nigh IValmsford, ftoodWalmsford. 
 a little city, of greater antiquity than all thefe, 
 call’d Caer Dorm and Dormeceafier by Henry of 
 Huntingdon, who fays it was utterly ruina- 
 ted before his time. Undoubtedly, this is 
 the t Durobriva of Antoninus, that is, the River- Durobrh*. 
 paffage, now for the fame reafon call’d t Dr. Gale 
 ford nigh Chejierm, which, befidcs the old 
 Coins, has the manifeft marks of a tlcftroy’d s^tamford"''as 
 City. For a Roman way runs diredly from better an- 
 hence to Huntingdon j and a little above Stil- Iwering the 
 ton, formerly Stichikon, it appears with a high 
 bank, and in an old 'Saxon Charter is call’d 
 Erminfireat. Here, it runs through the middle Erming- 
 of a fquare fort, defended on the uorth-fide ftreat. 
 with w^lls, on the reft with ramparts of earth ; 
 nigh which, they | fome time fince dug-up fe-+ So faid, 
 veral ftone Coffins or Sepulchres, in the ground 
 of R. EevtU ( defeended from an ancient and 
 noted family in this County ', ) Tnow the joint 
 Inheritance of the JPewets of Warfly in this Coun- 
 ty, and the Drydens ; as defeended to them by 
 the Sifters of the laft Sir Robert Bevile?i Some 
 think that this City ftood upon both banks of 
 the river j and others are of opinion, that the 
 little village Cafier on the other fide was p^tXcafler in 
 of it; and truly this opinion is fupported byNorthamp. 
 an ancient hiftory, which fays there was 
 place call’d Durmundcafier by Nene, where Kin- 
 nehurga founded a little Nunnery, firft call’d 
 Kinneburge-cajier, and afterwards for Ihortnefs 
 Cafier. This Kinneburga, the moft Chriftian 
 daughter of the Pagan King Penda and wife 
 of Alfred King of the Northumhers, chang’d her 
 Sovereign Authority for Chrifi’s fervke ^to ufe the 
 words of an old writer) and govern d her own 
 Nunnery as a mother to thofe holy Virgins. Which 
 place about ^».ioio,was level’d with the ground 
 by the Danes. A little before this river leaves 
 the County, it runs by an ancient Seat call’d 
 Bottle-bridge (for fhortnefs inftead of 
 bridge,) which the Draitons and Lovets brought bridge, 
 from R. Gimels to the family of the Shirlies, 
 by right of Succeffion ; Tbut it is again paffed 
 from them into other hands.l Adjoyning to 
 this, lies Overton , corruptly call’d Orton ; 
 forfeited by Felony, and redeem’d of King 
 John by Neale Lovetoft, whofe fifter and coheir 
 was married to Hubert or Robert de Brounford, 
 and their children took the name of Lovetoft. 
 
 This County, in the decline of the Englilh- of Hun- 
 
 Saxons, had Siward an Officiary Earl ; fortingdon. 
 then there were no hereditary Earls in Eng- 
 land, but the Governors of Provinces, accord- • 
 ing to the cuftom of that age, were call’d 
 Earls, with addition of the title of the Pro- 
 vince or County they govern’d ; as this Siward, 
 for the time he govern'd this County, was 
 call’d Earl of Huntingdon ; but foon after, 
 when he govern’d Northumberland, he W'as call’d 
 Earl of Northumberland. He had a fon call’d 
 IValdeofy who, under the title of Earl, had the 
 government of this County, by the favour ofof Northam- 
 William the Conqueror, whofe niece JudithyptonMxe, 
 by a fifter on the mother’s fide, he had mar- 
 ry’d. Tins IValdeoj’s eldeH daughter (fays Wil- 
 liam Gemeticenfis) was married to Simon jl de || silvantden- 
 Senlys or St. Liz : fhe brought hm the Earldom ps. Lib. ult. 
 of Huntingdon, and had a fon by him, call’d Simon.^^?- 
 After her husbands deceafe, fhe was marry’d to 
 David brother of St. Maud Queen of England (who 
 was afterwards King of Scotland) by whom fbi 
 had a fon nam’d Henry. Afterwards, as For- 
 tune and the favour of Princes alter’d, tins 
 Dignity was enjoy’d fomecimes by the Scots, 
 and at other times by the St. Lizes ; firft, 
 
 Henry the fon of David, th'^n Simen St. Liz, 
 
 Simon 
 
509 
 
 HU N T I N G D 0 N S H I~RK 
 
 John Fordon Simon the firll’s fon ; sftei- him, Malcolm 
 Sim-ihto- ji jng of Scotland, Earl Henry’s brother ; after 
 naoh 8- o 3. doceafe, Simon St Liz. the third, who dying 
 *■ withotit heirs, was fucceeded by William King 
 
 of Scotland, Brother of Malcolm. Thus fays 
 Ralfh de Dicsto in the year 1185, who liv’d at 
 that time : IV/ocn Earl Simon, fon of Earl Si- 
 mon, died without children, the King reflord to 
 William King 0/ Scotland the County of Huntingdon 
 with its apfurtenances. Then, his brother Oa- 
 had it, and his fon John Scot Earl of Che- 
 iler, who died W'ithout heirs ; and when Ale- 
 xander the fecond, who marry’d King Henry 
 the third’s daughter, had enjoy’d this title a 
 ,2^3^ little while, and the Wars broke out, the Scots 
 loft this honour, with a fair inheritance in 
 England. A good while after, Edward the 
 third created William Clinton, Earl of Hun- 
 tingdon ; and Richard the fecond put Guifcdrd 
 de Angolefme in his place : and after his death, 
 fohn Holland, He was fucceeded by John and 
 Ste Dukes of 1 "'ho were both Dukes of Exe- 
 
 EKtcr. This is the fame Henry Duke of 
 
 Exeter, whom Vlsilip Comines (as he affirms) 
 faw begging bare-foot in the Lotsr-Countries, 
 whilft he refolutely adher’d to the Houfe of 
 Lancafter, though he had marry’d Edward the 
 fourth’s own lifter. Next to him, Ehomeu Grey, 
 afterwards Marquifs of Oorfet, held this ho- 
 nour a little while. It is alfo evident from 
 the Records, that William Herbert Earl of Pem- 
 broke, brought the Charter of Creation, whereby 
 his father was made Earl of Pembroke, into 
 
 5 ’ 
 
 Chantey to be cancell’ d, and that Edward the 
 fourth created him Earl of Huntingdon in the 
 feventeenth year of his reign. In the memory 
 of our t fathers, Henry the eighth confer’apso rdd 
 this honour upon George Usri Haftings ; who In? ,607. 
 was fucceeded by Francis^ and he by his fon 
 fery, a perfon truly honourable both for 
 his Nobility and Piety: He dying without 
 iHue, his brother George fucceeded him, whofe 
 grandchild by a fon, Henry, * afterwards en-*Dotliea. 
 )oy d the fame honour ; (and had by £&a-i“ys C. 
 
 (daughter and coheir to Ferdinando Earl 
 of Derb^ Ferdinando Earl of Huntingdon, fa- 
 ther of Theofhilus the feventh Earl of this fa- 
 mily, who was Captain of the Band of Gen- 
 demen Penfioners, Privy-Councellor to King 
 Charles the fecond, and King James the fe- 
 rond, ly whom he was made Chief Juftice in 
 Eyre of all the Forefts fouth of Trent ; as alfo 
 Lieutenant of the Counties of Leicefler and 
 Derby. To him fucceeded George Lord Haftings 
 his Ion, who dying unmarry’d, the title de- 
 tonded to Theophilus the prefent Earl, Son of 
 Ti)eophilus by a fecond raarriage.l 
 
 ’This little Shire contains 78 Parifhes. 
 
 I have not as yet cbjerved any Plants peculiar to 
 this County » the more rare being comjnm to it, luith 
 
C O R I T A N I. 
 
 E are now to viftt the Coritalli, a People joyning to the Iceni, hut more with- 
 in land : taking up a -uery large Irall of Ground in the middle part of 
 
 the Ifle, and m far as the German Ocean ; viz. the Counties commonly cult d 
 Northamptonfllire, Leicefterlhire, Rutkndmire, Lincolnfliire, Notting- 
 hamfhire, and Derbyftlire. / (ball forbear to meddle with the Etymology of 
 the name, left I pretend to know what, in truth, to me is a myftery. For, 
 mtwithftanding they are a People fcatter d far and wide, which the Britains ex- 
 prefs by Gur-tani, yet, fhould / ajfert that thefe Coritani took their nartie 
 from thence, would you not think this mere trifling? They who are better skill’d 
 in that way, may gtote their conjeBures with greater fafety ; whilft 1 , according to my aejign, furvey each 
 of the Counties I now mentioned, in their refpeBive order. 
 
 NO RTBAMPTONSHIRE. 
 
 H E County of Northampton^ in 
 
 Saxon NopJ)-apen6on-j-cype, 
 and * Northantonjbirey common- 
 ly Northamptonjhire ; is fituate 
 in the very middle, and heart 
 as it were, of England j and 
 
 from the South-weft-fide, where 
 
 it is broadeft, it contrafts it felf by degr^s, 
 and runs out in length to the North-Eaft. On 
 the Eaft, lie the Counties of Bedford and Hun- 
 tingdon j on the South, thofe of Buckingham and 
 Oxford i on the Weft, WarviickfhirCy and on the 
 North, the Counties of Leicefter, and Rutland i 
 and that of Lincoln^ feparated from it by the 
 rivers Avon the lefs, and the Welland. TAt the 
 time of the Coiiqueror^s Survey, it was fome- 
 thing larger, than now it is. For all the South- 
 
 neceflary to life, that it doth not need, nor 
 will allow, much of ManufaBure ; the ground 
 abundantly maintaining and employing the 
 Inhabitants. The Manufa6ture of Cloathing, it 
 is faid, was formerly attempted with great ap-Fulier,p.279i 
 plication, and came to nothing ; but there is, 
 at this time, a confiderable return from Nor- 
 thampton and other Towns, by the Manufa- 
 fture of Stockings ; and in others. Serges and 
 Shalloons do now employ many hands. 
 
 On the South-weft fide of this County, runs^orton, 
 the river Charwell j upon which we fee Chip~p. 526. 
 ping-wardon, where they frequently plow-up theCharwell,riv. 
 foundations of ancient Buildings, and often 
 
 ‘foundations of ancient Buildings, "^“\“wardon. 
 meet with Roman Coins j and, at a little di- 
 dmcCi Daneftnore ((or (o it was anciently call’d, Danefmore. 
 though now commonly Dunfmorey) which well^« 
 ZonofRutlandfblre muft have been taken 0"t may well derive from the Danes,JmCi our Hi- 
 of it, becaufe in Domefday-book we iTiie| feians give us an account ol their Ravage and 
 — - • - r ... .•-I. Plunder in thofe parts. Alfo a little lower, is 
 
 wdth the Towns in that Trait, under the title 
 of Northainptonfhire^ Watling-ftreet, one of the 
 Roman high-ways, runs along the Eaft-fide of 
 it from the Oufe to Dovsbridge : and the 
 Neny called alfo by Hiftorians Aufonuy flows 
 gently through the middle and Eaft parts of 
 it. It is a Champain Country, very populous, 
 and every where adorn’d with Noblemen and 
 Gentlemen’s houfes j and very full of Towns 
 and Churches infomuch that in fome^ places 
 there are twenty, in others thirty Spires or 
 Steeples, more or leis, in view at the fame time. 
 Its foil, both for tillage and pafture, is ex- 
 ceeding fertile i but it is not well-ftock’d with 
 wood (unicfs at the hither and further end ; ) 
 [which, with its diftance from the Sea, and 
 thereby a \vanp of Coal, makes fuel extreme 
 dear.l But every where (like the other Provin- 
 ces of England) it is fill’d, and as it were be- 
 Sheep, fet with Sheep ; which (as that Hythodaus faid) 
 Sir Thomas ufed to be fo gentky and fed with fo little ; butnoWy 
 More’s Uto- 1; reported, begin to be fo ravenous and wild, 
 that they devour men, and wafie and depopulate fields, 
 houfes, and towns, fit is fo plentiful in all things 
 
 t 
 
 Charlton, near which is a Camp W'ith a double Charlton. 
 Fortification, call’d Rainsborow i RaiJs^row. 
 
 of is almoft oval.l 
 
 On the South-border, where the river Oufe, 
 fo often mention’d, has its fpring, on a gently 
 rifing ground, full of bubbling fountains, ftands 
 Brackky, that is, a place full of brake or JBrackley. 
 anciently a famous ftaple for Wool, but which 
 now only boafts how great and wealthy it once 
 was, by its ruins, and by a Mayor whom it 
 ftill retains for its chief Magiftrare. The Zou- 
 ches. Lords of the place, founded a College here,* 
 from them it came fucceflively in right of mar- 
 riage to the Hollands and the Lovels, But upon 
 the attainder of Lovcl, in Flenry the feventh s 
 time, the Stanleys, by a Grant from the King, 
 became Lords of it. But the College, f now rui-.t So faid, 
 nous, belongs to Magdalen College in Oxford, ann. 1607. 
 who I kept it for a place of Retirement. Lhist K.wp, C. 
 Town was not a little famous in iormer ages, 
 for the memory of Rumbald a young infant, 
 who (as w^e read in his life) was a Kings 
 fon j and as foon as he was born in this place, 
 
 fpoke 
 

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/O 
 
 513 
 
 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 
 
 514 
 
 AftweD. 
 
 fpoke I know not what holy words, and after 
 he had profefs’d himfelf a Chriftian, and. been 
 baptiz’d j immediately expir’d. 
 
 fNot far from Brackley, is Stene^ the Seat of 
 the Crews ; of which place ^ohn CreWy for his fig- 
 nal Services and Loyalty, was created Baron, by 
 the title of Lord Crew ot Stene.l 
 
 From Brackley northward, after I had gone 
 fix miles through woods and groves j I faw, 
 firft AJhueliy where 7! Billing (formerly Chief 
 Juftice of the King’s Bench) dwelt in great 
 repute : from whom it defeended hereditarily 
 to the ancient family of the Levels ; fand hath 
 been fince one of the Seats of the Lords Fer- 
 Thc Barony Chartley.l Then IVedonj z.nd IVapihanr, 
 
 the Pink- which the family of the Pinkneys held by Bare- 
 neyj. ny j till fuch time as H. de Pinkney made King 
 
 Edward the firft his heir. Who being an ex- 
 cellent Prince, many ill men made him their 
 heir ; whereas, according to 'Tacimsy a good 
 father makes no Prince, but a bad one, his heir. 
 Xrlpontium. From hence I prefently came to T^ripontiumy which 
 Antoninus takes notice of, but not in its right 
 4 Vowbridge,?^^^^ t* I opinion, that it was, the 
 
 b this Coun- very place which we now call Torcejler ; and 
 ty. there w'ant not good Arguments to prove this. 
 
 Gale, and ‘Trintontium in Thrace had that name from 
 three Hillsy Triturrita in Tufeany from three 
 Towers, and Tripoli from three Cities j there is 
 no room to doubt, but that this Tripontium of 
 our’s, was fo nam’d from three Bridges. And 
 Torcefler. here, at this Torcejler, the Roman Prxtorian or 
 Military- way, which appears very plainly _ in 
 feveral places between this and Stony-Stratjord, 
 is cut by three of the principal Chanels which 
 the little river divides it felf into ; and thefe, 
 as well anciently as now, muft have had, of 
 neceflity, three feveral Bridges over them. Now, 
 if you ask a Britain what he calls "Three Bridges 
 in Britifh, he will prefently anfwer you, Tair 
 ponte and fome perfons of good credit, from 
 whom I receiv’d feveral Roman coins here, po- 
 Some will fitively affirm that Torcejler is its true name, 
 havetheRi-and think it was fo call’d from Towen. _Ne- 
 ver’s rLJtnejverthelefs, Marianus calls it Touecejier (if the 
 Tuae, that gook be not faulty,) in whom we read. That 
 runs by it. Town was fo fortified in the year of our 
 Lord 917, that the Danes were by no means 
 able to take it ; and that King Edward the 
 Elder afterwards encompafs’d it with a Stone- 
 wall ; yet, with all my fearch, I could find 
 no footfteps of any fuch Wail. Only there is 
 a Mount ftill remaining ( they call it Beri- 
 bill,) now taken up with private Gardens, and 
 planted on all fides with Cherry-Trees. And 
 time it felf has fo ruin’d the Town, that it is 
 beholden to the fituation, the name, and the 
 ancient Coins now and then found here, ior its 
 reputation of antiquity. For now it has no- 
 thing worth the notice, but one only Church, 
 large and fair j in which D. Sponde, formerly 
 Redtor thereof, and by report a good Benefa- 
 dtor both to Church and Tow'ii, lies inter’d in 
 ft Tom.b of curious workmanfliip. But at El- 
 ton hard by, you have the profpeft of a beau- 
 tiful Seat, belonging to the family of the Far- 
 mers Knights j ffince advanced to the dignity 
 of Barons, in the perfon ot William Farmer, 
 Lord Lempfterj who much improved this Seat 
 of his Anceftors, by building here a ftately 
 new houfe, and adorning it with fuitable Plan- 
 tations and Gardens j together with many cu- 
 rious and ancient Statues.1 
 
 7’he river that waters Torcejler, in its courfe 
 from hence towards the Oule, runs by Grajton, 
 an t Honour of the Kings, but formerly a feat 
 of the family ot IViddevil, ot which was that 
 Richard, a perfon much renowned for his Va- 
 
 t 
 
 Grafton. 
 
 Widdevil 
 or Wodvil. 
 
 423H. 8. 
 
 cap. 38. 
 
 lour, who was fined one thoufand pounds Ster- 
 ling by King Henry the lixth, for marrying 
 Ja^uet (Dowager of John Duke of Bedford, 
 and daughter of Peter of Luxenburgh Earl of 
 Su Paul) without the King’s Licence. Yetparl.27.H.5. 
 afterwards, he advanced the fame perfon to the 
 Honour of Baron Widdevil of Rivers. With 
 ElHabetb ( the daughter of this Lord, ) King 
 Edward the fourth privately contracted mar- 
 riage, and was the firft of our Kings, fince 
 the Conqueft, who married a Subjeft. But, by 
 that, he drew upon himfelf and her relations a 
 world of trouble as may be feen at large in 
 our Hiftorics. The faid Richard Widevil, Lord 
 of Rivers, Grafton, and De la Mote, was by 
 Edward the fourth, now his Son-in-law, ad- 
 vanced (thefe are the very words of the Char- Earls Rivers- 
 ter of Creation) to be Earl oj' Rivers, by yEdw. 1. 
 cinBureof a Sword, to have the fame to him and 
 his heirs-males, with the fee of twenty pounds by 
 the hands of the Sheriff oj Northampton. And foon 
 after, he was, with great honour,' conftituted Conftable of 
 Conftable of England (I fpeak out of the ori- England, 
 ginal Patent) To occupy, adminijler and execute the 
 faid Office, by himfelf or his fufficient Deputies, for 
 term of life, receiving yearly two hundred pounds 
 out of the Exchequer, with full power and autho- 
 rity to take cognijance, and proceed in caufes of and 
 concerning the crime of High Treafon, or the occaft- 
 on thereof : alfo to hear, examine, and in due man- 
 ner determin the caufes and matters aforefaid, with 
 all and Jingular Circumjlances thence arifing, there- 
 unto incident, or therewith conjoyned, fummarily and 
 without noife, or formal Procejs, having only regard 
 to the truth of the fall, and with the Kings 
 band, if it fhaU be thought convenient in our behalf, 
 without all appeal. But after he had enjoy’d 
 thefe honours a little while, he was beat in 
 the battle of Edgeote, fighting for his Son-in- 
 law I and foon after taken and beheaded. 
 
 And although this Family was extinft, and 
 ended in his fons {Anthony Earl Rivers being 
 beheaded by Richard the third, and Richard ; 
 
 and his Brothers dying without ilfue ; ) yet 
 from the daughters, there fprang very fair and 
 noble branches. For from them iftued the 
 Royal Line of England, the Marquifles of Dor- 
 fet, Earls of Effex, Earls of Arundel, Earls of 
 Worcejler, Earls of Derby, and the Barons Staf- 
 ford. rWe fhall only obferve further concerning 
 Grafton, that it was held in capite by John de 
 S. Mauro or Seymour ], by the fervice of keep-\; An. 14 
 ing one white Bracket of the King’s, having rei/Ed. 3. 
 ears. This Bracket kems to have been the fame 
 with the ancient Bracco, which lignify’d thofe 
 lefier fort of dogs, that feent out tor game. 
 
 The place hath given the title of Duke, to Henry 
 Fitz.-Roy, Baron of Sudbury, Vifeount Ipfwich, 
 and Earl of Eujlon; created Duke ot Grajton in 
 the year 1675, w'hich honours Charles his only 
 cliild enjoys i together with this ancient Seat. 1 
 Behind Grafton is Sacy Forejl, a place fet 
 part for game. More Eaftward, the Villages 
 ftaiid very thick j among which thefe are of 
 greateft note. Blifworth, fheretofore,! the feat Bllfworth. 
 of the M'akes, defeended from the famous fa- 
 mily of the Barons of Wake and EJloteville-, Pa- 
 tejhull, which gave name formerly to a noted Patefliull. 
 family j Greenes-Norton (fo nam’d of the (7ree«eJ,Greens-Nor- 
 
 perfons fam’d in the laft age ffave one1 for their 
 wealth:) call’d before, ifl miftake not, ' Nor- 
 ton Dany, and held in Capite oj the King, by f/;e*Irq.44 
 ] Se, -vice of lifting up the right bani toviards 
 King, dearly on Cl»iftmac-day, Jn 'othat pLt«foen^ 
 he then was, in England. ILurdon, a Hundred, 
 which had its Lords defeended trom Guy de Wardon. 
 Reinbudeaun a Norman, whofe eftate came by 
 the Folms to Gaifcard Leddet, whofe daughter, 
 t t Chrifilan, 
 
CO RITANL 
 
 5^5 
 
 516 
 
 Chriftian, bare Iier husband, Henry de Braibrook, 
 fcveral Children. But Guifcard, the eldeft, af- 
 fum’d his mother’s lirname, Leddet. Shortly al- 
 ter, this great eftate was divided by females be- 
 tween William and “yolm Latimers ot Corby, bro- 
 D r *• thers. From the lull, the Griffins in this Coun- 
 Barons Lati- original ; as from the firft, the La- 
 
 timers, Barons of good antiquity in York- 
 fhire. 
 
 Higher in the Country, northward, arifes 
 the river Aufona or Avon (for Avon in the Bri- 
 tilh tongue is a general name for all rivers : ) 
 The rircr It is call’d Nen by the Inhabitants ; and pafles 
 Wen* from the well-fide of this County ( making ma- 
 ny reaches, by the winding of its banks) in a 
 manner through the midjl of it, to which it 
 is a continual bleffing ; [and for the making of 
 which navigable, an Aft of Parliament was 
 pafled in the twelfth year of Queen Anne.l 
 A very noble river it is i and, if I guefs 
 right, it w'as garrifon’d in old time by the Ro- 
 * Citerior. mans. For w'hen * the hither part of Britain, 
 in the Emperor ClaudiniS time, was brought 
 under the Roman Government, fo as the Inha- 
 bitants thereof were termed Allies to the Ro- 
 ■l" Ulterioresttnans j when the f more Remote Britains alfo 
 made frequent incuriions into this Country, 
 and c.arried all before them ; and thefe Allies 
 themfelves, more eafily bearing the Govern- 
 ment than the Vices of the Romans, at every 
 turn confpir’d with the more remote Britains : 
 then, P. Ojlorim (fays Tacitus) dnSios^ cajiris An- 
 tonam (Aufona?n I would read it, if I might 
 take that liberty) & Sabrinam cohibere parat. 
 That is, if I underfland that paffage right, 
 he, by placing Forts up and down upon thefe 
 WUiieriores. rivers, undertook to reftrain the || more Re- 
 * Provincial rnote Britains, and * thofe of the Province, from 
 aliifting one another againft the Romans. 
 What river thisfhoudbe, none can tell. Lip- 
 fms, the Apollo of our age, hath either difpell’d 
 this mift, or I am in a cloud. He points out 
 Northampton, and I am of opinion that Antona 
 has crept into Tacitus inflead of Aufona, upon 
 which Northampton is fcated. For the very 
 heart or middle of England is counted to be 
 near this place i where, out of one hill fpring 
 three rivers running different ways j Cherwell 
 to the fouth, Leante to the w'eft ( which is re- 
 + Aufona. ceiv’d by another f Avon, that runs into the 
 Severn wcflward,) and this [Avon or Nesi] to 
 H Aufony. the eaft. Of which, thefe |l two Avons do fo 
 crofs and divide England, that whoever comes 
 out of the north parts of the Ifland, muft ol 
 necelTity pafs one of them. When therefore 
 Oftorius had fortified the Severn and thefe twe 
 Avons, he had no caufe to fear any danger out 
 of Wales or the north parts of Britain, either 
 to the Romans or their Allies ; who at that 
 time had reduced only the hither parts of this 
 Ifle into the form of a Province, as Tacitus 
 himfelf witnefles in another place. fBur, on 
 the contrary, if the fenfe of the Hiftorian be 
 (as a later writer has interpreted it) that OJlo- 
 rius block’d up the Britains betA\-een the rivers 
 Antona and Sabrina, it is impoffible to fix it 
 here fince the Avon and Severn are fo far from 
 joyning, that they take almoft a quite contra- 
 ry courfe. Others therefore, from the whole 
 feries of that Aftion, and the timed of the 
 Hiftory, think it more probable, that it was 
 that Avon which runs into the Severn ;■ as is 
 Mort.p. 5 16, already obferv’d in Wihffire. Not but^feveral 
 ancient Fortifications have been obferv’d upon 
 the River Nen ; as, at Mill-Cotton, Chefler, 
 and Clifford-hill ; all which appear to have been 
 the work of the Romans, by the Coins, Urns, 
 and other plain tefUmonies of Roman Anti- 
 
 quity, which have been difeover’d at them ; 
 and which are alfo frequently difeover’d in 
 many other parts of this County.! 
 
 Thofe great fortifications and military fen- Glldsbo- 
 ces to be feen at GiUsborough and Dantrey 
 tween the fprings of the two Avons, which 
 run different ways, and where the only pafl'age 
 is into the hither part of Britain, without ri- 
 vers in the way,) may feem to be fome of the 
 forts which Oftorius ereftedj Ton fuppofition, 
 that this Avon is the Aamia T&citus.'\ That 
 at Gildsborough is great and large j but this other 
 at Dantrey is greater and larger j for being 
 * four-fquare, upon an high hill, from whence * irregu- 
 ail the Country beneath is feen far and near, lar Oiiaj,Mor» 
 and having on the eaft-fide a Mount, which ton, p. 520. 
 they call Spehvell ', it cnclofes, within a bank 
 caft-up, two hundred acres or thereabouts. 
 
 Within thefe, the Country-people now and 
 then find Coins of the Roman Emperors j which 
 are certain proofs of it’s antiquity. They are 
 much mifiaken therefore, who will have it to 
 be a work of the Danes, and that the Town 
 under it was thence nam’d Dantrey j now no- 
 ted for it’s Inns, fand for giving the title of 
 Baron to the Earl Nottingham ; whofe father 
 Sir Heneage Finch, Lord Chancellor of England, 
 was created a Baron of this Realm, by the 
 title of Lord Finch of Daventry 1 and, for- 
 merly, for a Houfe of Auguftin Fryers, of 
 which (as it is reported) H. de Faviefly was the 
 founder. 
 
 [At Gildsborough, before-mentioned, is a 
 fair Free-School, erefted and endowed by Sir 
 John Langham, fomecime Alderman of London j 
 who alfo founded an Alms-houfe hard by, at 
 Cottesbrook, the Seat of the Langhams, which Cottesbrook, 
 hath of late years been much improved in 
 buildings and gardens, and in the Church 
 whereof are feveral curious Monuments be- 
 longing to that family.l 
 
 At the head of the Avon or Nen (to make 
 a ftep backwards,) ftands Catesby, which gaveCatesby. 
 name to an ancient family ; but now of exe- 
 crable memory, for a moft cruel and horrible Gun-powder- 
 plot, not to be parallel’d in any age, which 
 Robert Catesby of Afbby St. Leger, the difhonour 
 of his 4 mily ( ddperately bent upon viUany 
 and cruelty, and impioufiy cenfpiring the de- 
 ftruction or his Prince and Country,) contriv’d, 
 under a fpecious pretext of Religion. Con- 
 cerning this, let all ages be filent, and let not 
 .his Reproach be convey’d to pofterky, which 
 che prefent age cannot refleft on without hor- * 
 
 ror j nay, even the dumb and inanimate Crea- 
 tures feem to be moved, at the hainoufnefs of 
 fuch a villanous confpiracy. (Between Cates- 
 by and Badby, is a large Encampment, the 
 Area of which is about ten Acres. It is now 
 call’d Arhury, or Arberry-Banks, and is one ofArberry- 
 the higheft hills in the whole Country.! Hard®^"^®‘ 
 by Catesby, is Faivefley, where the Fawefiey. 
 
 have long dwelt, fformerlyl adorn’d with the 
 honour of Knighthood, and defeended from 
 the more ancient family of Knightley of 
 j})all in Staftbrdfhire. And more eaftward, upon 
 the Nen ( whofe chanel as yet is but fmall, ) 
 
 {lands Wedon on the Street (i. e. by the Roman Wedon on the 
 way,) once the royal feat of Wolpher King ofStreet. 
 the Mercians, and converted into a Mona- 
 ftery by his daughter Werburg a moft holy Vir- 
 gin, whofe miracles in driving away Geefe from 
 hence, fome credulous writers have very much 
 magnified. I ftiou’d probably injure truth, 
 
 Ihou’d I not think (though I have been of a 
 contrary opinion,) that it is this Wedon which 
 Antoninus in his Itinerary calls Bannavennn, Ben- JJfa- 
 
 navenna, Bennavenra, and once, corruptly, lT'^»-venca, and 
 
 naventa Ifanavatia. 
 
5^7 
 
 NORT HAM 'PT~ON SHIRK 
 
 5x8 
 
 naventa ; notwithflanding there do not now re- 
 main any plain ibotftcps of that name : fo 
 much does Time obfcure and alter all things ! 
 For the diftance from the ancient Stations and 
 Quarters on both lides, exadtly agrees j and in 
 that very name of Baitna vennay tlie name of the 
 * Vid. fapr.river * Aujona fiiow iVe«,l the head whereof is 
 near it, does in fomc meafure dilcovcr it felf 
 Likewife, a Military-way goes directly irom 
 hence northward with a Caufey broken and 
 f In fome worn away in many places, f and molt of all 
 places, more,over-againft Crekcy a little Village, where of 
 with * bridges; but 
 fary, Mor- ‘^d'^whcre it appears with a high ridge as far 
 ton. ^ D<iv:bridge near Lilborne. 
 
 Mort. p. <527. fNear Bannaveiina, at Nether-Heyford, about 
 j4ether>Hey- half a mile from Watling-ftreet, was difeover’d 
 fold. noble chequer’d Pavement, 
 
 conlifting of little Bricks or Tiles artificially 
 tinged with Colours, and as fmooth as polifhed 
 Marble ; all of them fquares, fomewhat bigger 
 than common Dice. They w'ere of four Co- 
 lours, white, yellow, red, and blue, and difpo- 
 fed with great exadtnefs into various regular 
 figures. When it was firft uncover’d, it was 
 fo clofe and firm, as to bear walking upon it, 
 like a ftone-floor but when it had lain a while 
 expofed to the night-dews, the Cement became 
 relaxed, and the Squares ealily feparable. By 
 the foundations which they dig-up, and the 
 thin and pale Greenfword hereabouts, different 
 from the reft of the meadow, it appears that 
 here hath been a large building ; as there hath 
 Caftlodikes. been alfo at Caftledikes, not far oft ; but this 
 Mort. p. 543. laft is thought to have been the work of the 
 Saxonsy rather than of the Romans.] 
 
 Althorp, A little more northward, I faw Althorp, the 
 [noble and beautiful] feat of the famous fa- 
 mily of the Spencers Knights, allied to very 
 many families of great worth and honour ; of 
 which, Sir Robert Spencery the fifth Knight in 
 a continu’d fucceffion, an eminent Encourager 
 of virtue and learning, was by King James 
 ■"the firft] advanced to the title and honour of 
 Baron Spen- Baron Spencer of Wormleighton ; [fince which, 
 they have been rais’d to the title of Earls of 
 Sunderland, and have been employ’d in fome 
 of the higheft Offices in the State ; the pre- 
 font Earl, a perfon of great Learning, honour, 
 and abilities, having been one of the Principal 
 Secretaries of State, in the reigns of Queen 
 Anne and King George, and after that, fuc- 
 cefiively, Preiidcnt of his Majefty’s moft Ho- 
 • nottrable Privy Council, and Groom of the 
 Stole. This ancient fear was rebuilt, with 
 great Improvement, by Robert the late Earl j 
 and is particularly noted for a magnificent 
 Gallery, furnifh’d with a large Colleftion of 
 curious Paintings, by the beft hands.l Hard 
 Holdenby- by Althorp, Holdenby-houfe | made a noble ap- 
 boui'e. pearance j a ftately and truly magnificent piece 
 t Makes, C. Qj-' building, eredted by Sir Chriflopher Hatton 
 (Privy-Counfellor to (^een Elizabeth, Lord 
 Sir Chriflipher Chancellor of England, and Knight of the Gar- 
 Hatton. j^nds and inheritance of his 
 
 great grandmother, heir of the ancient family 
 of the Holdenbies j for the greateft and laft mo- 
 nument of his youth, as hinifelf afterwards 
 was wont to call it. A perfon, to fay nothing 
 ♦Deferves, of him but what he truly * deferv’d, eminent 
 for his piety towards God, his fidelity to his 
 Country, his untainted integrity, and unparal- 
 lel’d charity : One alfo (which is not the leaft 
 part of his charafter) who was always ready 
 to fupport and encourage Lejirning'. Thus, as 
 He died, he liv’d pioufly, fo he dy’d pioufly, in Chrift ; 
 snn. i 19 i»and the monument which the Learned in their 
 
 W’ritings have rais’d to him, fhall render him 
 
 more illuftrious than that moft noble and fpleii- 
 
 did Tomb tin St. Paul’s Church, London ^ be-xHift. ofSf. 
 
 coming fo worthy and eminent a perfon, andPaul’s, p. 
 
 erefted, at great charge, to his memory, by 
 
 S:r Wiliiam Hattony Knight, his adopted fou. 
 
 [But this once ftately Fabrick (made more 
 known, fince it’s founder’s time, by the fre- 
 quent mention of it in our Hiftories, as the 
 place of confinement to that virtuous and reli- 
 gious Prince King Charles the firft} is now fo 
 ruinous (a very little of it excepted} that tliere 
 is fcarcc one ftone upon another.l 
 
 Beneath thefe places, the Aufona, or Nen, 
 glides forward with a gentle fmall ftream, and 
 is foon after cncreas’d by a little river from the 
 norths where, at their very meeting, the Town, 
 call’d from the rfter, Northafandon, and by 
 contraftion Nonhampton, is fo feated, that on Nortbamp* 
 the weft-fide it is water’d with this river, and con. 
 on the fouth-fide with the other. Which I was 
 of late too eafily induc’d to believe the an- 
 cient Bannaventa : but I err’d in my conjcifturc, 
 and my conteffion muft atone for it. As for 
 the name, it may feem [at firft fightl to have 
 had it from the fituation upon the north-fide 
 of the Aujona. [But againft this, it is alledg’d, 
 that the ancient Saxon-Annals call it limply 
 bamcun ( as wd\ as they do Southampton,) and 
 never ufe our prefent name till fome time after 
 the Conqueft, and then write it exprefsly Kop 5 - 
 )?amt:un and NopSamcun, and never NopSa- 
 pandun. So that itfeemsnot tqjiave ever had 
 any relation to the river upon which it ftands ; 
 but being at firft call’d Hamtun (as numbers 
 of other towns were, and ftill are,} had pro- . 
 bably the initial Nop 5 put to it, when it and 
 Southampton (call’d alfo Iximrur.} grew to be 
 confiderable.] The Town it ftlf (which * feem’d * Seems, C. 
 to have been all of ftone} f was in it’s buildings f is, C. 
 very neat and elegant i iiicompafs, indiftcrent 
 large, [ ( (| containing feven Parifh-Churches, || Leland, 
 belides two in the Suburbs,}] and wall’d about : 1 ^^”* ^ 5 . 
 from which walls there is a noble profpeft eve- 
 ry w'ay into a fpacious champain Country, fit 
 had flourifh’d and encreas’d for many ages to- 
 gether, when, ifi our’s, a moft lamentable fire 
 laid it iiitirely in afhes. But the liberal con- 
 tributions of the Kingdom rais’d it up again 
 with much greater beauty ; fo that now it is 
 one of the moft neat and complete towns in 
 the Kingdom. It has in it four Churches: the 
 great Church, as alfo the Sefiions-houfe, are 
 very beautiful Buildings and they have two 
 Hofpitalsy with a Charity-School for the 
 
 inftructioii of poor Children. The principal 
 manufacture is that of Shoesy for which the place 
 is famed ; and, next to that, is their manufa- 
 cture of Stockings^ On the weft-fide it had an old 
 Caftle, to w'hich the very Antiquity of it add- 107-^^ 
 ed a beauty j it was built by Simon de Regifter oF 
 LiciOy commonly call’d Senliz,y the firft Earl of St. Andrews. 
 Northampton of that name who joyned. like- 
 wife to it a beautiful Church dedicated to St. 
 aAndrew, for his own burying-place, and, as 
 it is reported, rebuilt the town j [but the Ca- 
 ftle is now difmantled.l Simon the younger, 
 his fon, did alfo without the town found * De* £>g pratU, 
 la Free, a Nunnery. It feems to have made 
 no figure during the Saxon Heptarchy, nor have 
 our Writers made any mention of it in all 
 thofe depredations of the Danes ; unlefsitwas, 
 when Sueno the Dane ravag’d, all over England, 
 with that barbarous fury and outrage. For 
 then, as Henry of Huntingdon reports, it was 
 fet on fire, and burnt to the ground. In the 
 reign of St. Edzvard, there were in this City, 
 
 
5^9 
 
 CORITANL 
 
 520 
 
 ly IVedlingborough. Here, a Rivulet from the 
 eaft runs into it, coming down by ri/< 3 > 7 »^roK,Harington. 
 a feat of the Lord Difert i and by 1 ; Rufhton. 
 
 and Neiutotti f belonging fheretoforel to theNcwtoD. 
 Trejhamt fbut fince the feat of the Lord Now, C. 
 letiil then by Geddingtotiy where was a Ca-Geddirgton. 
 ftle of the Kings ; and here yet remains a 
 Crofs erefted in honour of Queen Eleanor, 
 
 King Edw'ard the firft’s Coniorti and by 
 Boughtofti belonging to the knightly family offioughten. 
 the Montagues, [advanced, by King James 
 the firft, to the title of Lords Mountague of 
 Boughton ; by King William and Queen Mary, 
 to the dignity of Vifcount Montherrner and Earl 
 of Mountague ; and by Queen Anne, to that 
 of Duke of Mountague ; in the perfon of Ralphs 
 not long fince deceas’d ; which Honours, 
 together with his Eftate, are enjoy’d at pre- 
 fent by Johnylns only furviving fon. Here is 
 a very magnificent Hall, out of which is a 
 profpeft of a fpacious and beautiful Garden ; 
 wherein are feveral Fountains, with a Canal 
 more than half a mile in length, and a curious 
 Cafcade below a gloomy wildernefs. Within 
 the Demefnes of Boughm, * is a faring which * Full, Wcfr. 
 incruftateth wood, or any thing that falls intoP-*So. 
 it, with a ftony fubflance. There was pre- 
 ferv’d in iiWKey-College in Cambridge, a skull 
 brought from thence, all-over ftone both with- 
 in and without ; which was fent-for by King 
 Charles the fijrft, but was return’d to the Col- 
 ;e.l 
 
 Then the river runs by Ketterings a well- Kettering, 
 traded market-town ; fwherein, at this time, 
 no lefs than one thoufaiid eight hundred hands ‘ 
 
 are faid to be employ’d in the manufafture of 
 Serges and Shalloons : 1 near which ftands 
 ■wellj a noted Horfe-fair ; [and at fome diftance, 
 
 Nafeby, eminent of late years for the bloody Nafcby. 
 battel fought there in the year id45. between 
 his Majefty King Charles the firft, and the 
 Parliament-Army. There are now no figns of 
 a fight remaining, except fome few holes, 
 
 W’hich were the burying-places of the dead men 
 and horfes. This town is faid by fome to 
 Hand upon the higheft ground in England.! 
 
 Next, by Burton, the Barony likewife (if I mi- Burton, 
 ftake not the place) of Alan de Dinant, ( for 
 King Henry the firft gave him a Barony of chat 
 name in this County, for killing the French 
 King’s Champion in finglc Combat, at Giz^ors j) 
 and by Harroudens the Lord whereof ^Nicholas* Baron 
 Vaulx, Governor of Guines in Picardy, wasVaulx. 
 created a Baron by King Henry the eighth. ♦ 
 
 Hence the Avon or Nen keeps its courfe 
 to Higham, a towm formerly belonging to the 
 Ferrers, from W'hom it took the name of Hig-Hlghun^ 
 ham-Ferrers j who had alfo their Callle iiere, Ferrers, 
 the ruins whereof are yet to be feen near the 
 Church, But the chief ornament of this place 
 was Henry Chicbeley Archbifhop of Canterbury,pounder or 
 who founded here a beautiful College for Se-All-fouls in 
 cular Clerks, and Prebendaries j as likewife an Oxford. 
 Hofpital for the Poor. Thence it runs by 
 Addington, anciently belonging to the Veres J Addington. 
 and by ‘fhorpfion commonly call’d Jxhrapfton. 
 
 and it’s oppofite Drayton, the feat, in the laft Drayton, 
 age ffave one,l of H. Green, but afterwards, by 
 his daughter, of John and Edward Stafford Earls 
 of Wiltfhire and after that, of the Lord Mor~ 
 daunt ", to whom it defeended hereditarily 
 from the Greens, Gentlemen of great reputa- 
 tion in this County. Thence, it runs almoft 
 round a pretty little town, which takes it’s 
 name from it j Oundale they call it, corruptlyOundale. 
 for Avondale, where nothing is to be feen be- 
 fides a neat Church, a Free-fehool for the edu- 
 cation of youth, and an Alms-houfe founded 
 
 by 
 
 Exercitus 
 Dei, 
 
 as we find in Domefday, fixty Bmiejfes in the 
 King’s Domain, having as many Manfions : of theje, 
 in King William the firft’s time, fourteen lay 
 ■wafie, and forty-feven remained. Over and above 
 thefe, there we in the new Borough forty Bier- 
 gejfes in the Domain of King William. Aiter the 
 Norman times, it valiantly ftood-out the fiege 
 kid to it by the Barons, during the troubles 
 and (laughters with which they then embroil’d 
 and infefted the whole Kii^dom. Who being 
 malicioudy bent againft King John for private 
 and particular Ends, did yet fo cloak them 
 with pretences of Religion and the publick 
 geod, that they term’d themfelves, The Army 
 of God and of Holy Church ; at which time, they 
 fay, that military work was made, call’d Hms- 
 hiU. But it held not out, with like fuccefs, 
 againft Henry the third their lawful King, as 
 it did againft thofe Rebels, For when the 
 Barons, now inur’d to fedition, begun a Re- 
 bellion againft him in this place, he made a 
 breach in the wall, and foon won it by alfault. 
 After this, as alfo before, the Kings now and 
 then held their Parliaments in this town, upon 
 account of the convenience of it’s fituation, in 
 the very heart of England : and in the year of 
 Chrift 1460, a lamentable battel was fought 
 here ; wherein, amidft thofe terrible feditions 
 and dillraaions, after the (langhter of many 
 of the Nobility, Richard NeviU Earl of War- 
 wick took that mod unfortunate Prince King 
 Henry the fixth, then a fecond time made 
 Prifoner, and a very lamentable Speda- 
 cle, (About the latter end of Henry the 
 4 Full. Hlfi. third, f it was made choice of by fome feho- 
 of Cambr. lars of the Univeriity of Cambridge, for a re- 
 p. »3, tirement, occafion’d by the quarrels that were 
 then on foot. Here, they met with many Ox- 
 fird-mess, who had come away upon the like 
 occafion ; and fo, for a while (with the King’s 
 leave) profecuted their Studies together with 
 them : by which means, it had the face of an 
 Univerjtty. It is poffible, that the place in this 
 town which was call’d the College, was a re- 
 main of their prefence here. But after three 
 years continuance (as appears by the King’s 
 Letters) it was difl'olv’d, and exprefs orders 
 given, that for the future no one fhould ftudy 
 there, as in an Univeriity ; becaufe (as the 
 faid Letters intimate) it was a manifeft damage 
 and inconvenience to the ancient Univeriity of 
 Oxford,! To conclude, the longitude of iVbr- 
 thampton (as our Mathematicians make it) is a 2 
 degr. ap min. and the latitude 52 degr. 13 min. 
 Mort. p. (37. (About a mile fouth of Northampton, is a 
 'military Work call’d Hunsburrow, the area of 
 which is about an acre of ground, and the fi- 
 gure not quite circular, but rather oval. It is 
 thought to have been a Summer-Camp of the 
 Danes, by w hich they might awe the adjoyning 
 Country, and from v hence they might fally out 
 for forrage and plunder.1 
 
 From Northampton, the Nen haftens (to the 
 in the greater of which is a very 
 
 delightful Grove, with a pleafant Seat of the 
 O Briens Earls of Thomond in Ireland ; and 
 r.W=.A(Iiby.thenlby Cc^Afihy, where Henry Lord Com- 
 pton built a very fine Houfe ; Twhofe defeen- 
 dants, being advanced to the honour of Earls 
 of Northampton, have Hill their principal Re- 
 fidence at this place ; and have particularly im- 
 prov’d it by a noble Chafe. I Near 'which, is 
 Yardley. Tardley Haftings, fo firnam’d of the Haflings once 
 Earls of Pembroke, to whom it belong’d ; fand 
 at a little diftance from the river, Eajion Man- 
 duit, the feat of the Lord Vifcount Longuevil, 
 and now Earl ofSufl*ex .1 Next, the Nen goes 
 WiTlingho* to Willinghorow, .a market-town, call’d ancient- 
 row. 
 
r 
 
 521 
 
 ^ 0 RT HA MPTO MS H / RE. 
 
 Barnwell. 
 
 * Lately re. 
 
 •’d, C. 
 
 par 
 
 Fothering- 
 
 hay. 
 
 I ^tafi in hj:- 
 Tcdiiatsm. 
 
 by Sir IViSiam Laxton fometime Lord Mayor of 
 London In the neighbourhood of this, ftands 
 BmtmeB, a litt e Caftlc, * repair’d and adorn’d 
 ■with new buddings by the worthy Sir Edward 
 Montacute Knight, of the ancient family of the 
 mmacutes, as appears by his Coat of Arms. 
 It formerly belong’d to Berengarius le Moigne., 
 that IS, Monk, and nor, as fome think, to that 
 Berengarius or "Tours, whofe opinion concerning 
 tha Euebarifl was formerly condemn’d in a Sy- 
 nod held by the Bifliop of Rome. After this, 
 Botheringkay-Cafile, environ’d on every 
 hde ^^ith very pleafanc Meadows, which in 
 Henry the third s time (w'hen the Strong-holds 
 Nobility to revolt) was furpris’d 
 by William Earl of Albemarle, who laid wafte 
 all the Country round, as Matthew Paris in- 
 forms us. At which time, it feems to have 
 belong d to the Earls of Huntingdon. A good 
 while after. King Edward the third affign’d 
 it t as it were for an Inheritance or Apennage 
 (as they call it) to his foil Edmund of Langley 
 Duke of York, who rebuilt the Cafiie, and 
 njade the higJieft Fortification or Keep thereof, 
 in form of a Horfe-Fetter, which was the De- 
 vice of the family of Tork. His fon Edward, 
 Duke of York, in the fccond year of Henry 
 the fifth, 1415. (as appears by an infeription 
 
 522 
 
 in barbaVousvWe,) & 'hem a ZP) 
 
 Collegiate Church, wherein himfelf, who was 4 to™-™ aremangiie. 
 
 Cicely Dut- 
 chefs of York. 
 * Impotens, 
 f Potentium, 
 
 Collegiate Church, wherein himfelf, who was 
 llaiii at the Battel of Agincourt, as alfo Richard 
 Duke of York his Brother’s fon, who loft his 
 life at Wakefield, and his wife Cicely Nevil, had 
 all magnificent monuments j which were thrown 
 down and ruin’d, together with the upper part 
 for Chancell of the Church. But Queen Eli- 
 zabeth commanded two monuments to be fet 
 up in memory of them, in the lower end of 
 the Church now ftanding ; which neverthelefs 
 (fuch was their narrownefs who had the charge 
 of the W'ork) are look’d upon as very meam 
 for fucli great Princes, defeended from Kings, 
 and from whom the Kings of England are 
 defeended. The faid Cicely faw too plainly, 
 
 • in the compafs of a few years, what paftime 
 
 * envious and unconftant Fortune (if I may 
 I. Co Cay) makes her felf, with the miferies f of 
 
 the mighty. For Ihe faw her husband Eicbard 
 (even then when he thought himfelf fure of 
 the kingdom,) and her fon the Earl of Rut- 
 land, (lain together in a bloody battel ; and 
 fome few years after, Ihe faw her eldeft fon 
 Edward the fourth advanced to the Crown, 
 and taken away by an untimely death ; ha- 
 * ving before made away his brother, George 
 Duke of Clarence. After this, Ihe faw her 
 K. Rich. 3. other fon Richard forcing his -way to the 
 Crown, by the lamentable murder of his ne- 
 phews, and Hander of her, his own mother 
 (for he charg’d her openly with incontinency ;) 
 then, Ihe faw him pollcfs’d of the kingdom, 
 and foon after (lain in battel. Thefe her mi- 
 feries were fo chain’d together alfo, that every 
 day of her life was more doleful than other. 
 As for that, which in this place befel another 
 mighty Princefs, Mary Queen of Scots, I had 
 much rather it fhould be buried in oblivion, 
 than remember’d. Let it be for ever forgot- 
 ten, if poiEble ; if not, let it however be 
 wrapped up in filence. Under the beft of Prin- 
 ces, fome there will be who being once arm’d 
 with authority, know how to fet a fair face 
 of Confcience and Religion upon their own 
 private deligns : and fome again, who fincerely 
 and heartily confult the good of Religion, and 
 their Prince’s fecurity, and (which is the 
 highell law) the publick CaCety. Neither can 
 it be deny’d, but that even the beft Princes 
 
 t 
 
 Pilots, with Tempefts, whither they would 
 not But what they do as crown’d Heads, we 
 Shigs ^ power over 
 
 The Awn, or touching upon the edge 
 ™>iing under a beau- 
 
 tltul Bridge at Walmesfcnd, paffes by * Daro- Darolrir*. 
 brrva, a very ancient City, c.ill’d in Saxon* 
 Dormancejler, as I Ciid before ; which took^"'”';. i" 
 up a great deal of ground on each fide theGate „ '4’ 
 river in both Counties. For the little village 
 <dafler, which ftands a mile from the rivjr 
 Icems to have been part of it, by the inlaid’ 
 chequer d pavements found there ; though we 
 read this more modern Infeription upon their 
 Church-wall : 
 
 XV. KL. MAII DEDICATIO HV- 
 IVS ECCLESIaE MCXXIIII. 
 
 "The fifteenth of the Kalends of May, in the 
 year one thoufand one hundred twenty four, was the 
 dedication of this Church. 
 
 And doubtlefs it was a place of more than or- 
 dinary note ; for in the adjoyning fields (which, 
 inftcad of Dormanton, they call t AforlBflKMB-t Now, Nor- 
 
 i V-V144J .444.. .. 
 
 thrown-up, that one would think they had 
 been fown there: and two high-ways, the 
 Caufeys whereof are ftiil to be feen, went 
 from hence j the one call d Forty~foot~vsay, troni 
 its being forty foot broad, to Stanford : the 
 other. Long-ditch, and High-ftreet, by io/?/;«w-LollIiam. 
 bridges (bridges certainly of great .antiquity, bridges, 
 whereof eleven Arches are ftill to be leen, 
 tho’ ruinous witli age) through Wejl-deping, 
 into Lincolnfhire. fin the fields oiCaftor, is a 
 way, which among the common people goes 
 by the name of my Lady ConyburroiFs au/zy, Conybur- 
 corruptly for Kyneburgas voay, who (as we haverow-way. 
 obferv’d f before) was wife to Alfred, King ofx Hun- 
 the Northumbrians, and Prefided here in hertlngdonlibtrc. 
 own Nunnery. It feems to have begun about 
 Water-Newton on the other fide of the river, 
 and (if we may judge of the whole by a part) 
 to^ have been paved with a fort of cubical 
 bricks or tiles.l 
 
 Between Forty-foot-w^ay, .and Long-ditch, 
 near the parting, ftands Upton, upon a rifing- Upton, 
 ground, whence it took the name j where Sir 
 Robert Wingfield, Knight, defeended from the 
 ancient and famous family of the Wingfields, 
 which has produc’d abundance of renown’d 
 Knights, I had a very fine houfe, with moftf Hath, C. 
 pleafant walks; f which, being rransfer’d to 
 Thomas Do've, Bifliop of Peterborow, did there- 
 upon become the feat of his name and family.1 
 From Durobriva or Dormanchefier, the river Avon, 
 oriVf», paflbs-on to Peterborough, a little cityPeterba- 
 feated in the corner of this County, where rough. 
 Writers cell us there was a gulph in the river, 
 of a prodigious depth, call’d Medes-vsell, and a 
 town hard by it, nam’d from thence Medes-well- 
 hamfied, and Medes-hamfied. This (as Robert de 
 Swapham informs us) ivoi built in a very con- 
 venient place, having on one fide a Mere and excellent 
 waters ; on. the other, many woods, meadows, and pa- 
 fiures, every way beautiful to the eye ; and accejfi- 
 ble by land on the Eafi-fide only. On the Souths 
 fide of the Burrough, runs the river Nen. In the 
 middle of this river, there is a place like a whirl- 
 pool, fo deep and cold, that in Summer no * Jwimmer* This is 
 can go to the bottom, and yet it is never froz.en now common- 
 
 winter. Fbr there is a fpring continually bubbling-up^^ 
 with water. The place was in ancient times call’d 
 Medes-weB ; till Wolpher, King of the Mercians, 
 
 U u u di d 
 
C 0 RITJNI. 
 
 523 
 
 524 
 
 did there dedicate a Monajiery^ to St. Peter. And ' 
 becaufe the pLace was moorifli, he laid the foun- 
 dation (as the fame Robert affirms) with fiones 
 of a vaji bignefSf fuch, cu eight yoke of Oxen could 
 hardly draw one of them ; which 1 my fef faw, 
 when the Monajlery was dejiroy’d. Afterwards, 
 Petriburgus, it began to be call’d Peterborow, and Burghs 
 Petropolis. a very famous Monaflery. I can- 
 
 not but think it woith while to give you 
 an account of its original and firft build- 
 ing, abridged ffor the moft parti out of this 
 Robert de SwaPham, a Writer of good antiquity. 
 Peadat the Ion of Penda, the firft Chriftian 
 King of the Mercians, did, in the year of our 
 Lord <555, for the propagation of the Chri- 
 ftian Religion, lay the foundation of a Mona- 
 flery at Medes-hamfledy in the country of the 
 Girvians'y which he liv’d not to finifh, being 
 made away by the wicked contrivances of his 
 wife. To Peada, fucceeded his brother IVol- 
 pher, a bitter enemy to the Chriftian Religion; 
 who thereupon moft inhumanly murder’d his 
 qwn fons, TVolphald and Rufiny for their having 
 embrac’d it. But he himfelf, fome few years 
 after, turn’d Chriftian ; and, to expiate his 
 former impieties by fome good work, he car- 
 ry’d on the Monaftery w hich his brother had 
 begun ; and, with the help of his brother Ethel- 
 red and his fifters Kineburg and Kinefwithy fi- 
 nifh’dit in the year 633, and dedicated it to 
 St. Peter (whence it came to be call’d Peter- 
 borow'y ) endowing it with large revenues, and 
 making Sexwulph (a man of great piety, who 
 principally advis’d him to this work,) nrft Ab- 
 bot thereof. This Monaftery flourifh’d from 
 thenceforth, with the reputation of great fan- 
 ftity, for about two hundred and fourteen 
 years ; till thofe dreadful times came, when the 
 Danes wafted all before them. Then were the 
 Monks maflacred, and the Monaftery quite de- 
 ftroy’d; which lay bury’d in its ruins for a 
 hundred and nine years, fin which times alfo, 
 when the Danes had burnt the Monaftery of 
 Croyland, the Abbot and Monks thereof fled 
 hither for proteftion, and being overtaken, 
 were cruelly murder’d in a back-court of this 
 Monaftery, call’d thereupon the Monks-Church- 
 yard. In memory whereof, a Tomb-ftone, 
 with the portraitures of the Abbot and his 
 Monks, was fet over their common Grave, 
 which is to be feen here at this day.1 At 
 laft, about the year pdo, Ethelwold Bifhop of 
 Winchefter, a perfon wholly bent upon the 
 Eftablifhment of Monkery, began to rebuild 
 the Monaftery, having the helping-hand of 
 King Edgar, and of Adulph the King’s Chan- 
 cellor, who, by way of atonement for his own 
 and his wife’s having over-laid a little infant 
 their only fon, fpciit his whole eftate in re- 
 edifying this Monaftery, and, bidding adieu to 
 the W'orld, became the firft Abbot after it’s 
 reftoration. From that time, it grew exceed- 
 ingly in revenues and privileges ; only, in the 
 reign of William the Norman, Herward an 
 Englifti Out-law made an excurfion from the 
 Ifle of Elyy and plunder’d it ; againft whom, 
 Mont- Abbot uurold eredted the Fort call’d Mont 
 Turold. Tiirold. Yet w’as it ftill accounted very rich, 
 f So faidjtill within the memory of | our fathers ; when 
 ann, 1607. King Henry the eighth thruft out the Monks 
 every- where (upon pretence that they were de- 
 generated from the ftriftnefs of thofe holy men, 
 the ancient Monks, and had riotoufly wafted 
 the goods of the Church, which were the pa- 
 trimony of the poor ; ) and eredted a Bifhop- 
 rick here, affigning this County and Rutland- 
 /hire for its Diocefe ; together with a Deanery, 
 and Prebends. So that, of a Monaftery it 
 t 
 
 became a Cathedral Church , the ftrufture 
 whereof is exceeding beautihil, and the more 
 fo, for its great antiquity : its Front is noble 
 and majeftick, and its Cloifters large ; in the 
 Glafs windows whereof, is reprefented the hi- 
 ftory of kVolpber the founder, with the fuccef- 
 fion of the Abbots. St. Marys Chapel is a 
 large building, and full of curious workman- 
 fhip : and the Choir is very beautiful ; where- 
 in two Queens, as unfortunate as any two 
 could be, Catharine of Spain, and Mary Queen 
 of Scots, lye inter’d ; finding reft here Iroin 
 their labour, forrow and miferies. TThis place 
 hath aftbrded the title of Earl, to ^ohn Lord 
 Mordanty created Mar. 9. 3 Car. i ; who, in the 
 year 1543, was fucceeded in that Honour by 
 Henry Lord Mordant his fon ; and he dying 
 without ifl'ue-male, this Honour defeended to 
 Charles the prefent Earl, fon of John Lord 
 Mordaunc of Rygate and Vifeount Avelon, 
 who was fecond Ion to John, the firft Earl of 
 this family.1 
 
 Beneath Peterborrow, the Neny by this time The Fenns. 
 remov’d fome five and forty miles from its 
 head, and carrying along with it all the little 
 rivers and land-floods ; divides it felf into fe- 
 veral branches. And, finding no certain courfe, 
 fpreads its waters all over the plains f, and o-+ This mif- 
 verflows them far and near in the winter, f^i 
 
 and fometimes for the greater part of the year;jJ° 
 fo that it feems to be a vaft level-Ocean, with curs’d, by 
 here and there an Ifland appearing above the Draining and 
 furface of the waters. The caufe ol which, 
 the neighbouring people affirm to be this ; that 
 of the three chanels, in which fuch a vaft deal of 
 waters did ufe to be convey’d, the firft, which 
 went to the Ocean by T’hrney-Abbeyy and thence 
 afunder by Clowscrojs and Crow-land ; and the 
 fecond, which went by the Cut made by Morton 
 Biihop of Ely, call’d the New Leamey and then 
 by Wisbkh ; have a long time been neglected : 
 and, that the third, which runs by Horfey- 
 bridgSy IVittles-mere, Ramfey-merey and Salters- 
 loady is not able to receive fo much water ; fo 
 that it breaks out more plentifully into the ad- 
 joyning Flats. And the Country complains of 
 the injury done them, as well by thofe who 
 have negleded to keep open and clear the cha- 
 nels, as by others who have diverted the water 
 to their private ufes : and, with the Reatines in 
 Tacitus, they fay, ’that Nature hath provi- 
 ded excellently for the convenience of mankind, in 
 giving all rivers their months and their courfes ; 
 and their endingsy as well cu their fprings. But 
 of this enough, if not too much. 
 
 In this place, the County is narroweft ; for 
 between the Nen and the river IVelland (one of 
 the boundaries on the North-fide,) it is fcarce 
 five miles over. Upon the Welland ( which 
 Ethelwerd an ancient Writer calls IVeolod, 
 
 [the Saxon Annals feolud, and Florence 
 of Worcefter Peolunb ; and for the making 
 of which navigable, an Aft pafled in the 13* 
 year of Qvieen Elizabeth,)! ftands, near its 
 fpring, ^Sibertofie, which manour Nicholas d^Sibertofe. 
 Archer, in the time of Edward the firft, held by 
 the Service of carrying the King’s bow, thro’jEdw. i. 
 all the forefts in England ; andl Braibrooke- 
 Caftle, built by Robert May, alias de 
 a great favourite of King John ; whofe fon 
 Henry, having married Chriftiana Ledet, heirefs 
 to a great eftate, his eldeft fon took the firname 
 of Ledet. From one of whofe grand-daughters 
 by his fon (as I faid before) it came to the La- 
 timers, and from them to the Griffins, who now 
 enjoy it, fbut have removed their feat to 
 Dingley ; tvhere have been found an ancient Wort. p. $oa 
 Bead, and a Coin of Cunobeline.1 Hard by 
 Braibrook, 
 
525 
 
 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 
 
 ^26 
 
 Braibrook, among the woods I faw fome few zabeth, for his virtue, wifdom, piety, and fa- 
 
 rpmsinc nr a Mnn'iJfoftr r'^\vA t>- i_ • ■ . . ' ^ 
 
 pipwell. 
 
 remains ot a Monaftery^ call’d anciently De 
 Di'vifisy now Pi^welly ibunded by H^L'iam Eutte- 
 viUein for Ciftercian Monks, in the reign of 
 Henry the fecond. From thence, we have a 
 fight of Rockingbamy a Caftle formerly belong- 
 ing to the Earls of Alhemarhy and built by 
 William the Conqueror ; at which time it was 
 Domefday- a UTaJiey as we find in Domefday-book. It was 
 fortified by him with rampires, bulwarks, and 
 a double range of battlements, and is feated 
 upon an Hill in a woody foreft, named from 
 Rockingham, thence Rochngfmn-Fonfi. [From this place, 
 which is the feat of the IVatfons, Sir Lc-wts 
 Watfan was, in the reign of King Charles the 
 firft, created a Baron of this Realm, by the title 
 of Lord Rockingham of Rockingbam-Cafile. In 
 whofe pofterity this Eftate doth fiill remain 1 
 and the prefent pofieflbr hath been advanced 
 to the more honourable Title of Earl of Roc- 
 Laxton. kingham. Not far from whence, is Laxtony where- 
 inq 2 by the Service of hunting 
 
 &4Hcn. 4. ’in all the King’s forefis and parks throughout 
 Oxfordpiire, Buckinghamfiiire, Huntingdon- 
 fhire, and this County, to deftroy the vermin 
 in each , As the manour of Hightefleyy was al- 
 fo held upon condition to find dogs for the ds- 
 firuPHon of ■vjol’vesy foxeSy &c.l Next, the lFel~ 
 land runs by Hermgvj 07 tb, the feat, formerly of 
 the * Cantlowsy and | afterwards of the Lords 
 jypg Zouchy who deriv’d their original from Eudo a 
 
 + Now, C. younger fon of Alan de la Zoucb of Afhbyy and 
 Lords Zouch. grew up to an honourable family of Ba- 
 rons ; being much enoblcd by matches with 
 one of the heirs of Cantlowy and alfo with ano 
 + De Sanfto ther of Baron f Seymour i who likewdfe deriv’d 
 
 Hightefley. 
 
 Hering- 
 worth. 
 
 * De Cante- 
 
 Kirby. 
 
 his pedigree from the heir of the Lord Zoucb of 
 AJbbyy and from the Levels Lords of Cafile- 
 Cary in Somerfetfhire. fit has been fince fold 
 to a Gentleman who has a fair feat at Bullick 
 hard by. Only, where the great Houfe for- 
 merly flood, there was a Chapel in which th( 
 family of the Zouches were bury’d ; and that, 
 with the monuments therein, was referved 
 for the faid family.1 
 
 Here alfo in this Forefl, I faw [Kirby, the 
 feat of the Hattons, from which. Sir Chriflo- 
 fher Hatton, in the reign of King Charles the 
 firfl, was created a Baron, by the title of Lord 
 Hatton of Kirby ; whofe fon of the fame name 
 was advanced by King Charles the fecond to 
 the more honourable title of Vifeount Hatton 
 which honour William his fon and heir at pre- 
 fent enjoys; andl Deane, belonging anciently 
 to the DeaneSy and afterwards to the Tindals 
 which deferves to be mention’d, if it were only 
 for being at prefent a beautiful feat of the Bru- 
 denels j of which Family, Sir Edmund Brudenel 
 Knight, was a great lover and admirer of 
 Antiquities, fin the reign of King Charles the 
 firfl, they were advanced to the dignity of Ba- 
 rons ; and, in that of K. Charles the fecond; 
 to the more honourable title of Earls of Car- 
 digan.! The family likewife of Engain, which 
 was both ancient and honourable, had their 
 Blatherwic. feat hard by at Blathenvic (where t lately lived 
 t Now live, the Family of Staffords Knights, defeended 
 ^ from Ralph the firfl Earl of Stafford,) and con- 
 
 verted their Caflle, named Hymel, into a Mo- 
 naflery call’d Finifioeved. Their IlTue-male fail d 
 * Two, C. * three hundred years ago , but of the daugl: 
 
 Barons of 
 Engain. 
 
 C. 
 
 ters, the eldefl was married to Sir yobn Gol- fvceeping[\ 
 
 vour to learning and learned men (Ihown by 
 his founding Emanuel-Codege in Cambridge,) hath 
 deferv’d to be regiiler’d among the befl men of 
 his Age. FThis, by marriage, became fince the 
 pofleffion of the Earls of Wellmorland .1 In the 
 neighbourhood, Hands I'hornhaugh, belonging Thomhaugh. 
 formerly to the family of || Semarc, and f after-H De Sanfto 
 wards to the honourable William Ruffel fon of ^dedardo. 
 Francis Earl of Bedford, defeended of the fame"^ 
 family [oi Semarc whom K. James fthe ifl,I 
 for his virtues, and his faithful ferviees in Ire- 
 land while he v/as Lord Deputy there, advan- 
 ced to the dignity of Baron Ruffd of ihru- 
 haugb ; \ and whofe defeendants are fince ad- 
 vanced to the more honourable titles of Mar- 
 quiis of Favifiock and Duke of Bedford.! Nei- 
 ther is the little Town of Welledon to be pafs’dwelledon. 
 by, confidering that anciently it was accounted Baflets of 
 a Barony ; which by Mzud daughter and heir of 
 Geoffrey de Ridell (who was drown’d with 
 King Henry the firfl’s fon,) defeended to Ri- 
 chard Baffet fon of Ralph Buffet Chief Jufiice of 
 England ; in whofe race it continu’d till Henry 
 the 4'^’s time, when (the iflue-male failing) it 
 came by females to the Knevetts and Alesburies. 
 
 From Heringworth, the Welland goes to Col- 
 livcefion, where the Lady Margaret, CountefsColUwefion, 
 of Richmond, King Henry the feventh’s mo- 
 ther, built a fpiendid and beautifiil houfe. Be- 
 neath CoUmefon, the neighbouring Inhabitants 
 dig great flore of Slates, for building. FromSUces for co- 
 hence, Wittering-heath, a plain, runs out a long'^®”"S 
 way to the Ealt ’, upon which the Inhabitants 
 tell you the Danes receiv’d a memorable De-hcath. 
 feat. And _now^, Welland arrives at Burgbley, aBur^^hley. 
 moft beautiful fear, from which that mofl wife ® 
 and honourable Councellor Sir William Cecil, 
 
 Lord High Treafurer of England, the great 
 fupport of this Nation, receiv’d the title of 
 Baron Burgbley, at the hands of Queen Eliza-g^^gj, 
 beth. This houfe, the owner adorn’d with theBurghley. 
 luflre of his own virtues, and beautify’d with 
 magnificent buildings ; laying to it a large 
 Park tor Deer ( fuch as Varro calls Par- 
 ettsy) encompafs’d with a Stone-wall of great 
 circumference. (Which noble pile of Hone- 
 building, rais’d (as we have faid) about a hun- 
 dred years fince by William Lord Burgbley, has 
 been greatly adorn’d by the late Earl of Exe- 
 to which title the defeendants of the faid 
 William were raifed. For loftinefs of rooms, 
 variety of piftures, terrafies, conduits, fifh- 
 ponds, fountains, ^c. it may vie with the befi 
 Seats in England. The painting and carving 
 are fo curious, that Travellers have affirm’d, 
 they hav^ met with nothing either in Italy or 
 France, that exceeds them. The Park alfo is « 
 greatly improv’d, by planting a multitude of 
 walks, of afh, elm, chefnut, and feveral other 
 trees. At Wothorpe, a little difiant from this,Wothorpc. 
 the Earl of Exeter hath another handfom feat, 
 with a little Park wall’d about. It was built 
 by Fhomeu Cecil the firfi Earl of Exeter of this 
 family ; and though not very fmall (for, after 
 the Refioratioii, it was large enough to receive 
 the then Duke of Buckingham, and his family, 
 for fome years,) yet fo mean did it feem in 
 comparifon of the former, that its Founder 
 piealantly faid, He built it only to retire-to out of 
 the dufl, while his great houfe of Burleigh was a 
 
 Apthorp, 
 
 dington, the fecond to Sir Lawrence Pabenham,o.i\<i 
 the third to Sir William Bernack, Knights of 
 great worth and honour. Here alfo we fee 
 Apthorp, [formerly! the feat of that worthy 
 Knight Sir Anthony Mildemay, whofe father Wal- 
 ter Mildemay, Privy Councellor to Queen Eii- 
 
 Below Burleigh, at Berneck, lie the oldBerncck. 
 Stone-Quarries, out of which the Abbies of Pe- 
 terborow and Ramfey were built. Here (to 
 ufe the very words of the Hifiory of Ramfey,) 
 the flrength of the Quarry-men is often exercis’d, yet 
 [iill there remains work, whereon to employ them ; 
 
 inafmucb 
 
527 
 
 CO RITA NL 
 
 528 
 
 Stanford. 
 
 Cave, 
 
 inajmuch m they nji and refrejh the Quames, now 
 and thetiy hy fucce ffion. And ve read in King 
 Edward the ConfelVor’s Charter, T'haty in conji- 
 deration of four tboufand Eeles in Lenty the Monks 
 of Ramfey JJmll have out of the 'Territory of St. Pe- 
 ter fo much fqtiare fione as they needy at Berneck ; 
 * tj .. and of rough fione for walhy at Burch. * Above 
 Beneath, that Roman way, which the neigh- 
 bouring Inhabitants call the Forty foot way, 
 from its breadth, cuts this Shire in two, from 
 Cafier to Stamford, and appears in a high Cau- 
 fey j efpecially by the little wood ot Bemeck, 
 W'here it has a Beacon fet upon the very ridge j 
 + By the and runs alone f through Burghley-Park, fand 
 Park. wall, C. fo on to JVakotA 
 
 Some few miles hence, the Welland runs by 
 Mzxev Maxey-Caflle, formerly belonging to the Barons 
 p,„Kirke l^ake; and by Peag-Kirke in the in- 
 
 Ingfj^us. ‘ fancy of Chriftianity m England, Pega, a holy 
 woman who gave name to the place, and 
 was lifter of St. Guthlac, together with 
 other devout Virgins, did by their life and ex- 
 ample give excellent documents of Piety and 
 Chaftity ) and then comes to the Fenns, fo 
 often mention’d. And, by reafon the bank on 
 the South-fide thereof is neglected, the river 
 over-flows the adjacent Lands ( to the great 
 damage of the proprietors ; ) ani having thus 
 broken out ©fit’s chaiiel, which went formerly 
 hy Scalding, it falls into the Nell, and extrcam- 
 ly overcharges it. 
 
 The Icfler Avon (which, as 1 faid, is the 
 other boundary of this Shire northward, but 
 continues fuch only about five or fix miles) 
 breaking out near the fpring of the Welland, 
 runs weftward by Stanford upon Avon, the feat 
 of the family of Cave, out of which feveral 
 branches of good note have grown up in the 
 neighbouring Trad ; and alfo by Lilburne, the 
 feat, formerly, of the Canvils. That this hath 
 been anciently a Roman Station, I arn per- 
 fwaded, by its fituation upon one of their 
 milirary ways, and by the ancient Trenches 
 there, and a little piked hill caft-up, which 
 fome dug of f late days, in hopes of finding 
 old hidden treafures ; but inftead of Gold they 
 met with Coals. fWhich faid marks of Anti- 
 quity, together with the diftanccs anfwering 
 on both fides (viz., near twelve miles from 
 Bennavenna, and nine from Vennones,) induced 
 the late Learned Commentator upon Antoni- 
 nus to fix the ancient Tripontium here (at 
 Dowbridge,) rather than at Towcefter ; which 
 he obferves to be too much out of the courfe 
 of the Itinerary, and not to anfwer, in point 
 of diftance from the Stations on each hand.l 
 And thus this little river, after it hath palled 
 under Dowbridge, leaves Northamptonfhire, and 
 enters Warwickfhire. 
 
 Bounds of the From the digging-up of the Coals before- 
 Ancients. mention’d, what if I fhould guefs, that this 
 hill was thrown-up for a m.ark or Boundary ? 
 fince Siculus Flaccm tells us, that either Allies, 
 or Coals, or Potlherds, or broken Glafles, or 
 Bones half-burnt, or Lime, or Plaifter, were 
 wont to be put under fuch bounds or limits \ 
 Lib. de Civ. Auguftine writes thus of Coals, Is it. 
 
 Vet, 2i.c,4,K0f a wonderftil thing, thattho* Coals are fo brittle, 
 that with the leafi blow they break, with the leafi 
 preffure they are crufh’d in pieces, yet no time can 
 deflroy them , infomuch, that they who pitch Land- 
 marks, are wont to throw them underneath, to con- 
 vince any litigiom perfon, who /ball affirm, though 
 ever fo long after, that no Land-mark was there. 
 And fo much the rather am I inclin’d to this 
 opinion, becauft- they who have written of Li- 
 
 'f- So faid, 
 ann. 1607. 
 
 Pag. 99. 
 
 mits, or Bounds, inform us, that certain Hillocks, 
 which they term’d Botontines, were placed in Botontlnes. 
 Limits. So that I fuppofe moft ot thefe Hence per* 
 Mounts and round Hillocks, which are fo com- come 
 monly feen, were rais’d for this purpofe i and°^^ utungu 
 that Alhes, Coals, Potfherds, ^c. might be 
 found under them, by digging deep into the 
 ground. 
 
 The firft Earl that this County had, at leaft Earls ofNor- 
 that I know of, was WaJdeof fon of the 
 like Siward who was alfo Earl of Hunting- 
 don, and loft his head, for treafon againft Wil- 
 liam the Conqueror ; leaving only two daugh- 
 ters, which he had by Judith, the Conqueror’s 
 niece by a lifter on the mother’s fide. Simon 
 * Sinks, being fcornfully rejedted by Judith the The Life ©f 
 mother, on account of his being lame, marry’d IValdeof. 
 Maud the eldeft daughter, and built St. An- *. 
 drew’s Church, and the Caftle ' 
 
 pron. To him, fucceeded his fon Simon the 
 fecond, who was a long time at law about bis 
 mother’s eftate, with David King ol Scots, 
 her fecond husband : and, having fided with 
 King Stephen, dy’d in the year of our Lord 
 1152. with this [jelogy, A youth addiHed Wj| Elogia. 
 every thing that was unlawful, every thing that 
 was unfeemly. His fon Simon the tJiird, going 
 on with the fuit againft the Scots for his right 
 to the Earldom of Huntingdon, wafted his 
 eftate j but, through tlie favour of King Henry 
 the fecond, marry’d the daughter and heir of 
 Gilbert de Gant Earl of Lincoln j and having 
 at laft recover’d the Earldom of Huntingdon, 
 and dilfeis’d the Scots, he died without ilTue 
 in the year 1185. Many years after, Edward 
 the third created William ie Bohun (a perfon of 
 approved valour) Earl of Northampton : and 
 when his elder brother Humfrey de Bohun, Earl 
 of Hereford and Elfex, and Conftable of Eng- 
 land, was not able in that warlike age to 
 fupport the Charaifter of Conftable, he made 
 William, Conftable of England. His fon Hum- 
 frey fucceeding in the Earldom of Northampton, 
 as alfo in the Earldoms of Hereford and Eflex 
 (upon his Uncle’s dying without ifliie) had two 
 daughters ; one marry’d to Thomas of Wood- 
 ftock, youngeft Ion of King Edward the third, 
 the other to Henry of Lancafter Duke of Here- 
 ford, and afterwards King of England. The 
 daughter of Thomas of Woodftock brought her 
 grandfather’s title of Northampton, together 
 with others, into the family of the Staffords by 
 marriage. But when they were depriv’d of 
 their honours. King Edward the fixth advan- 
 ced William Par Earl of Elfex, a moft accom- ► 
 
 plifh’d Courtier, to tlie title of Marquifs of Nor- 
 thampton j who, t within our memory, dy’df So faid, 
 without iflue. And King James [the firft,la°n- 
 in the year of our Lord 1605, at one and the j. 3;^^° * 
 
 fame time advanced Henry Howard Brother of work, 
 the t Duke of Norfolk (a perfon of great wit our moft Se- 
 and eloquence, a complete mafter of the moft 
 ufeful Arts and Sciences, exceeding Uft Duke, 
 
 and no lefs provident,) to the degree and ftile 
 of Baron Howard of Marnehill, and to the ho- 
 nour of Earl of Northampton. [Which Henry 
 having never raarry’d, and dying 15. June 
 i5i4j thishonour, in the year 161S, wascon- 
 fer’d upon William Lord Compton, Lord Pre- 
 fident of Wales, who was fucceeded firft by 
 Spencer his fon and heir, then by James his 
 grandchild, fon and heir to the laid Spencer, 
 and father of George, the prefent Earl.l 
 
 Tliere belong to this Shire 325 Parifhes. 
 
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 ^ ^ Cau’dii/g&^ 
 
 
 ^prtrxtan. 
 
 Waltham onf' 
 ■wouU 
 
 TkoryL {maU 
 
 Fr.tiy 
 
 liUND 
 
 ireme 
 
 J tVo'l’T^ 
 iBraitnu-’ln' 
 
 Eiv/zffhj 
 
 McU^S 
 
 Mowbray 
 
 GaJJfj-it 
 
 ^uckmii^er 
 
 tt^anpndkam. 
 
 J^j/hn Cka/ecmi\ 
 
 EJtfiOTtdthz 
 
 Il'Iiit'f.'HJi:. 
 
 CivJeiPTt 
 
 iCfAnm ' 
 
 Cz-lJcrrctt 
 
 
 J/eunki- 
 
 lam 
 
 (7 ^ Jl T B 
 
 Jtrflton mao- 
 
 'rj.d-u. 
 
 SfrrHaa parji^ 
 
 \ 4,. -aic->v 
 
 jjljy- ^ JUeJ-ton I 
 
 \ <^ •«■'-■"■ i, \ Hal] 
 
 fl '8 1 ^ 
 
 az±y ' /i.^ 
 
 . ^ '■H'lcn 
 ixar.'tfurf- 
 \ EL’rkney 
 
 SaJJliiatcii 
 
 Sutton. 
 
 tnt{f 7 i’. 
 
 Harboroui 
 
 AjpnPiaui CS^ 
 Jolut Lliurc/ul. 
 
529 
 
 LEICESTERSHIRE. 
 
 More rare Plants gro-L\:ing wild in Nonham- 
 ftonjhire. 
 
 Eryngium vulgare J. £. vulgare & Came- 
 rarii C. B. iTiediteiTaneura Ger., mediterraneum 
 Teu campeflre Payk. Common Eryngo. 'This wm 
 feat me by Mrj. Thornton, v:bo obferved it not far 
 from Daientry, hejide the old Roman voay call'd 
 JVatlingjlreety near a 'village named BrookhalL 
 Gentiana cohcava Ger. Saponaria coiicava 
 Anglica C. B. folio convoluto J. B. Anglica 
 folio con\'oluto Park. Hollow-lea'ved Gentian^ or 
 
 rather SopeivoYt. This was firjl found by Gerard 
 in a fmall grove of a wood call'd the Spiniiey, near 
 Licbharrow. 
 
 Gnaphalium montanum five Pes cati Park. 
 Mountain-Cudweed or Catsfoot. On Bernake-heath, 
 not far from Stamford. 
 
 Pulfatilla Anglica purpurea Park, parad. flore 
 claufo c^ruleo y. B. Common Pafque-fiower. On 
 the fame heath in great plenty. See the Symnymes 
 in Cambridge/hire. 
 
 Millefolium paluftre flore luteo galericulato. 
 Hooded Water-Milfoil. In the ditches by the riifers- 
 fide as you go from Peterborough to Thorp. 
 
 LEICESTERSHIRE. 
 
 WatUng- 
 
 ftre«c. 
 
 Harborrow. 
 V. Burton 
 Leic. p. 
 
 67. & 127. 
 
 Carleton 
 
 Curleu. 
 
 f Have, C. 
 
 * Rhotacif- 
 mus. 
 
 Fuller’s 
 
 Worthies* 
 
 ORTH of Northamptorfhire, 
 lies the County of Leicefier, 
 call’d in Domefday-book, Le- 
 decefierfcyre, and now Leicefter- 
 fhire. It is all a champain 
 country, rich in corn and 
 grain, but for the greatefl: 
 part deficient in woods. It is encompafs’d on 
 the eaft with Rutlandfoire and Lincolnfnre, on 
 the north with Nottinghamshire and Derby/lHre, 
 on the weft with Warwickjhire (from which it 
 is parted by the Military-way of the Romans 
 call’d WatUngflreet, wliich runs along the weft 
 skirts of this County ; ) and on the fouth (as 
 I obferv’d before) it is bounded by Northam- 
 ptonfl)ire. The river Saar pafleth through the 
 middle of it to the Trent ; but along the eaft 
 parts, there runs a fmall gentle ftream call’d 
 the Wreke, which at laft falls into the Soar. 
 
 On the fouth-fide (where the County is 
 bounded, on one hand with the river Avon 
 the lefs, and on the otlier with the Welland) 
 nothing of note prefents it felf ; unlefs it be 
 near the head of the Welland, where is the 
 town of Haverburg, common^ call’d Harborrow- 
 famous for its Beaft-Fair. [Of late, it hath 
 given the title, firft of Baron, and then of Earl, 
 to the Right Honourable Rennet Sherrnrd, who; 
 before his advancement to the faid honour ot 
 Earl, had been created Vifeount Sherrard of 
 Stapleford, in this County ; 1 and at a little di- 
 ftance from thence, Carleton, that is, the town 
 of Husbandmen. I know not w'hether it be 
 worth relating j but moft of the natives of 
 this town, cither from fome peculiar quality of 
 the foil, or w-ater, or other unknowm caufe in 
 nature, f had an ungrateful and difficult way 
 of fpeaking, with a harfh guttural pronuncia- 
 tion, and a ftrange * wharlihg in the utterance 
 of their w^ords. f A Fdlow of Trinity-College 
 in Cambridge (a native of this Carleton, as my 
 Author thinks) made a fpecch of a competent 
 length, with feleft words as to the matter, 
 without, any [ r] therein ; contrived (as w'e 
 may W'ell fuppofe) on purpofe to prevent a de- 
 formity of pronunciation, upon the frequent 
 recurring of that letter. But yet the prefent 
 Inhabitants, as they retain no remains of it in 
 their fpceeh, fo neither in their memory 5 the 
 moft ancient among them knowing nothing 
 
 The Roman way before-mention’d, Whofe 
 caufey is in other places worn aw'ay, ftiew^s 
 it felf here very plainly, and runs northw'ard, 
 alm'oft in a direct line, along the weft-fide of 
 this County. You may perhaps laugh at my 
 expenfive diligence and curidity j but I have 
 
 follow’d the track of this way very intently from 
 the Thames into Wales, for the difco\'ery of pla- 
 ces of Antiquity ; nor could I expeft to meet 
 with any other more faithful guide for that 
 purpofe. r Of which way, an ancient Eulogy of 
 Hifiories writes thus j The fecond principal 'wayht\. MS. 
 is call'd Watling-ftreate, going fmn Soutb-eafl to Tom. a. 
 Nortb-wefl. For it begins, at Dover, runs through^' ^55- 
 the midft of Kent by London -, thence by St. Albans, 
 
 Dunftable, Stratford, Toucefter, Litcleborne, 
 
 St. Gilbert’s-hiil near Shrowesbury i thence by 
 Stratton, and fo through thp middle of Wales to 
 Cardigan. But to confine our felves to this 
 County.l This Way, liaving pafs’d Dowbridge, 
 where it leaves Northamptoidhire, is firft in- 
 termpted by the river Swift, w'hich is but a 
 flow ftream, tho’ the name imports the con- 
 trary i but to the name it anfwers only in the 
 wfinter-time. The bridge, over which this road 
 was heretofore continu’d, they call Bransford- 
 bridge, and Bensford' It was a long time broken BensforL 
 down, and that cccafion’d this famous Way to 
 be fo little frequented for many years ; but riow 
 it is repair’d at the charge of the publick. 
 
 Adjoyning on the one hand, weftw'ardy lies 
 Cejier-Over, but in Warwickfllire j a place wor- Cefler-overl 
 thy of note, were it only for the Lord thereof 
 Sir Fulk Grevitl, a vety eminent Knight, Tcrea- 
 ted a Baron of this kingdom in the eighteenth 
 year of King James the firft, by the title of 
 Lord Brook of Beauchamps-Court in the Coun- 
 ty of Warw'ick.1 But .the name fpeaks it a 
 place of antiquity alfo, for our Anceftors never 
 gave the name of Cejler, but only to ancient 
 Cities or Caftles. On the other hands eaft- 
 ward, on one fide lies Mijlerton, belonging to Miflerton. 
 the famous and ancient family of tlie Poultneys, 
 and on the other, Lutterworth, a fmall market- Lutterworth, 
 town, formerly (by report) the poiTeffion of the 
 Verdons. Near which, is a fpring of water fo A petrifying 
 very cold, that in a little time it converts well, 
 ftraws and fticks, into ftone. Reftor of this 
 Church heretofore, w'as the famous John Wickliff 
 
 a man of a clofe fubtilwit, and very well vers’d 
 in the Scriptures who, having drawn his pen 
 againft the Pope’s Authority, and the Church 
 of Rome, w'as not only grievoufly peffecuted 
 in his life-time, but one and forty years after 
 his death, by command of the Council of Si- 
 enna, his body was in a barbarous manner taken 
 out of the graves and burnt. fThe Church 
 is lately beautified with a coftly pavemfent of 
 chequer’d ftone, new Pews, and, every thing 
 elfe new, both in Church and Chancel, ex- 
 cept the Pulpit made ol thick Oak-Planks 
 fix-fquare, with a feara of carved work in the 
 joints j which is preferv^d and continu’d in 
 X X X memory 
 
sv 
 
 Clejrcefler. 
 
 Cleybrook. 
 
 CO RIT AN L 
 
 532 
 
 memory of mchliff, vhofe Pulpit it was, it 
 conftant Tradition may be creditecl.l 
 
 From Beizsjord-hidgey tile Old-way goes up 
 to Htgl^trofsy fo call’d, becaule formerly a 'crojs 
 was ercfled in that high place; iiiltead ot 
 which there is now a high poft fet up, with 
 props to fupport it. The neighbouring Inha- 
 bitants told me, that the two principal ways 
 of England did crofs here ; and that in this 
 place flood ortce a very flourifliing city, call’d 
 Cley-afiery which had a Senate of it’s own ; and 
 that Cley-hrobky near a mile diftant from hence, 
 was part of the old Cleycefter. They fay alfo, 
 that on both fides the way, great foundations 
 of fquare-ftone have been difeover’d under- 
 ground, and (a) Roman coins fandbricksl fre- 
 quently caft-up by the plow. But whatever 
 may be under-ground, above (as the Poet 
 fays) 
 
 Henry Earl of Richmond, with a fmall body of 
 men, gave battel to Richard the third, tvho 
 had viilanoufly ufurp’d the Crown ; and whilfl, 
 for the liberty of his Country, Henry valiantly 
 expos’d his lile, he happily overcame and flew 
 the Tyrant ; and in the midft of blood and 
 flaughter, was with joyful acclamations faluted 
 King, having, by his valour, deliver’d England 
 from the dominion of a tyrant, and by his con- 
 duct freed the nation from the civil diflen- 
 cions, which had fo long difturb’d it. Here- 
 upon Bernards Andreasy a Poet of Tbohufey who 
 liv’d in thofe days, in an Ode to Henry the 
 feventh, alludes thus to the Rofesy which were 
 the li device of that King ; H Infigniai 
 
 Ecce nunc omnes pofuere vent'i 
 Murmuvay prate)' Xephynm tepentem, 
 
 Hk RofaS mtrtt, uitidofque fores 
 Veris amccui. 
 
 — Etiam ipfa periere ruina. 
 
 The very ruins arc decay’d and loft, (h) 
 
 Thefe things conflder’d, with its diftance from 
 Banaventay or IVedon (which agrees exadly,) 
 and the name of that bridge (of Bensford,) 
 Bensones Inducements to believe, that the Bennones 
 
 or Venones, which manfion Antonitim places next 
 after Bannatuentay were feated here. And the 
 rather, becaufe Antoninus tells us, that the 
 way parted here into two branches, which al- 
 fo is the common Tradition. For Nbrth-eaft, 
 in the road to Lincoln, the Fojfeway leads to 
 RatXj and Vernometwn ( of w'hich places, more 
 hereafter ;) and to the North-weft TVatlingflreet 
 goes direiftly into Wales by Manvejfedum ; of 
 which in its proper place, when I come to 
 Warwickfhire. 
 
 Burbaffe High-crofs, IS BurbagBy of 
 
 ® ‘ w^hich Church Anthony Grey (afterwards Earl 
 of Kent) became Reftof ; and, notW'ithftand- 
 i'ng the enjoyment of that Honour, he would 
 not relinquifli tlie office and work of the Mi- 
 niftry, but continu’d therein till the end of 
 his life.1 
 
 More above, on the lide of the forefaid wayy 
 ,, ftands Hinckley y formerly belonging to Hugh 
 Hinckley. Q^.^^aifnilly High-fteward, or Senefchal of 
 Englandy in the reigns of William Rufus, and 
 Henry the flrft. He had two daughters, Petro- 
 mUa or Pafnely marry’d to Kohen Blancliemainesy 
 Earl of Leicefter (fo firnam’d from the white- 
 Hefs bf his hands,) with W’hom he had the Stew- 
 ardfhip of England ; and AlkCy married to Ro- 
 ger Bigpd. At the Eaft-end of this Church, are 
 trenches and rampires caft-up to a great height, 
 which the Inhabitants fay was Hugh% caftle. 
 Bofworth. Three miles from hence, lieS Bofworthy an an- 
 cient market- town, fand by w^ay of diftimftion 
 from another of the fame name in tbe Hundred 
 Burton, p.4.7. of Gaftery, call’d A^ir^^f-Bofworth ; 1 which 
 faid market, with its Fair, Richard Harecourt ob- 
 * Three taiu’d bf King Edward the firft. * Near this 
 miles diftant. ^owUj withiu the memory of our f grandfa- 
 + So faid, thers, the right of the Crown of England was 
 ann. 1607. determin’d in a pitch’d battd : for there, 
 
 Now the rough tempefls all have breath’d 
 their laft. 
 
 All winds are hufli^d except the gentle 
 W^ft, 
 
 By whofe kind gales are^ blufliiftg Rojis 
 blown. 
 
 And happy fpring with all its joys comes 
 on. 
 
 fThe exa^l place of this battel is frequently 
 more and more difeover’d, by pieces of armour, 
 weapons, and other warlike accoutrements, dug- 
 up ; and efpecially, a great many arrow-heads 
 were found there, vvhich are of a long, and 
 large proportion, far greater than any now iii 
 ufe. There is likewife a little Mount caft-up, 
 where the comriion report is, that before the 
 engagement, Henry Earl of Richmond, made 
 his Speech for the encuragemeiit of the Army. 
 
 Not far from Bofworth, is Bindley ; of which Lindky. 
 Lordfhip it is remarkable (fays Mr. Burton) 
 that therein was never feen adder, fnake, or 
 lizzard ; tho* in all the bordering places they 
 have been commonly found. Not far from 
 hence, is Highaniy in old Deeds written Hec- 
 ham ; and memorable, among other things, for 
 a curious piece of Antiquity % difeover’d there* Burton, 
 in the year 1607, in the following manner. An Leic, p. i 3 *» 
 Inhabitant of this town, in t.aking up a great 
 fquare-ftone, which lay in H^atlingf}reet~\\ayy 
 upon the croffing of another way that leads 
 to Coventry; met with about two hundred 
 and fifty pieces of filver of the coin of King * 
 Henry the third, each of the weight of three- 
 pence. On the one fide thereof was the King’s- 
 head, with a hand holding a Scepter, cir- 
 cumferib’d Henrkus Rex ; on the other fide, a 
 Crofs-molin between Roundelsy with this circum- 
 feription Fulke on Lued. There was alfb a gold 
 ring, with a fair Ruby in it ; and another with 
 an Agat ; and a third of Silver, wherein was 
 a flat ruddy ftone engraven with Arabick Cha- 
 racters, thus; 
 
 («; One, of the Emperor Cam Caligula in Copper, ftamp’d, as 0 «o fets down, A. D. 42. Upon the one fide, 
 the Emperor with a Lawrel-wreath, with this inrfeription, C. Cxfar. Divi. jiuVt. Pron. Jug, P. M. T. R. 
 P. nil. PP. Upon the reverfe, Vefla S. C. Vefta fitting in aCbair, holding in her right hand a dilh. Ano- 
 ther coin is of Conftantine the great, ftamp’d A D. 306. Upon the one fide, the face with a Lawrel-wreath cir- 
 cumferib’d, Conflantinus P. F. Aug, Upon the reverfe. Soli inviHo Comitiy T, F. P.T. R. The figure of 
 the Sun. Burton'o Leicefterfliire. 
 
 (b) Sir William Dugdale farther obferves, that the earth Cfo far as this extended; is of a darker colour than the 
 reft thereabouts; and of fuch ranknefs, that much of it hath been carr;’d by the husbandmen to further di- 
 ftances, like dung, to make the ground more {fertile. 
 
 Englifhed 
 
533 
 
 LEICESTERSHIRE. 
 
 534 
 
 fenglifli^ by Mr. BcAv:ell, 
 
 By Mahomet magnifie himj' ' 
 
 Turn from him each hand that may hurt 
 
 him. 
 
 f Burton’s 
 Leiceller. 
 
 Hift. 
 c. 8, 9, &c 
 Malmesb. 
 1. 13. C.4. 
 
 He found likcwife certain gteat Catch-hooks 
 and Keepers of Silver, with fome Links of 
 an old-fafllionM great Gold-chain. All thefe 
 lay by the fide of the ftone, deep in the ground. 
 Under the fame ftone, lay two or three pieces 
 of Silver Coins of Trajan the Emperor. 
 
 t This laft paffage would perfwade one, that 
 
 the ftone it felf was a bajis to fome Altar de- 
 
 lliirc, p.iji-dicated to Trajan i according to that cuftom 
 of the Romans, of Laying fome of the prefent 
 Emperor’s coins under the foundation of then- 
 buildings, monuments, &c. The fame cuftom 
 they had in their Burials, as appears by the 
 Coins found in feveral Urns and Barrows 
 throughout England. And this perhaps may- 
 account for the ftone and coins. The money, 
 rings, and other things found by the fide or 
 the ftone, Mr. Burton conjedures to have been 
 Newbrig. the treafure of fome jfera. |1 For, that people 
 [ill. 1 . 4. flourifll’d mightily in England a little alter 
 " " the Conqueft, being encourag’d particularly by 
 William Rk/m; upon which they became very 
 rich. But their -wealth, in the fucceeding reigns, 
 did them great injury ; when they were mi- 
 ferably tortur’d by King John, to make them 
 dilcover and deliver up their hidden treafures. 
 In the lith of Edward the Erft, their Syna- 
 gogues were all pluck d down ; and in the 
 iSth of that King, they were all baniih’d_ the 
 Realm, to the number of -fifteen thouland. 
 But their riches w'ere all to be left behind j 
 and they were not allow’d to take any money 
 or goods away with them, fave only mt the 
 neceffary charges of tranfportation. In which 
 difficulty, what can we imagin more probable, 
 than that they bury’d and hid their treafures 
 under-^ound, in hopes that the reigns or the 
 
 • fucceeding Kings might be more favourable to 
 
 them' The ring with Arabickcharaaers.lecms 
 
 to confirm the fame thing ; and might be 
 brought Over out of Paleftine or fome ot thole 
 Eaftern Countries by fome of the Jem, who 
 fas Buxtorf tells us) having a natural love to 
 their own Country, us’d fometimcs to viht 
 it And the learned Antiquary before-men- 
 tion’d, is of opinion, that it was laid here to 
 challenge the property, whenever there fhould 
 be occafion to enter a claim, becaufe without 
 fome fuch thing they -would belong to the 
 King, or to a common perfon, by prefcription. 
 t Stow’s Sat -thus, i when Ludgate was taken down in the 
 vcy of Xti.- year 1585. to be rebuilt, they found in the 
 dm, fill. 39 - a ftone engraven with Hebrew Letters to 
 
 this effect, Tiis is ' the d-welling of Rabbi Mofes, 
 the fort of the honourable Rabbi IfaacA 
 
 We meet with nothing more upon this Way, 
 worthy to be mention’d ; un-lefs it be at fome 
 diftance, Afhby de la Zouch, u pleafant 
 
 BaromZoach Town, now belonging to the Earh o un 
 of Alliby. tingdon; formerly, to Alan de la Zouch, a Baron, 
 V!d. Butt. bore for his arms on a Shield Gules, 10 &- 
 
 sums This man, having marry d one ot the 
 
 t 
 
 Coheirs of Roger de Quincy Eaii of Winchclter,- 
 came in her right to a great eflate in this 
 County ; but having commenced a fuit againll 
 John Earl oi Warren, \vho chofe rather to de- 
 termine the matter by Sword than by LaWj 
 he was kill’d by him in the King’s-hall at Weft- 
 minfler. An. layp. And fome few years after, 
 the daughters and heirs of his Nephew con- 
 vey’d this eftate by marriage into the families 
 of Seymour^ and Hodand. But this Town came 
 aftcr\\'ards to the family of HaflingSi who have 
 here a f beautiful feat ; fthough at prefent run--f- Ann. 1607 
 ning to decay. Here are alfo two ruined 
 Towers of the Palace of the Earls of Hun- 
 tingdon, built by the Lord Haflings, who was 
 beheaded by King Richard the third. In the 
 late Civil Wars, it was a Garrifon for the King, 
 and afterwards dcmolifhed.l Of this Family, 
 
 William procured * ot Henry the fixth the pri-* Or, Edj 4. 
 vilege of a Fair, fit’s coming into this noble 
 Family happen’d upon the Attainder of James 
 Butler Earl of Ormond and Wiltfhire, after King 
 Edward the fourth recover’d the Crown. Sir 
 William Haflings had a grant of it, in confidc- 
 ration of his hgnal Services againft King Henry 
 the fixth, and his party ; upon which account, 
 he was alfo made a Baron, Chamberlain of 
 the King’s houfhold, Captain of Calais, and 
 Knight of the Garter. This I take to be the 
 fame William^ mention’d before as procuring 
 for it the privilege of a Fair from Henry the 
 fixth (for the Market cannot be meant, be- 
 caufe the Town enjoy’d that privilege long be- 
 fore.) But in truth, it feems to be a mifiake 
 for Edward the fourth, becaufe Sir William al- 
 W’ays oppos’d the Lancafirian Party in favour 
 of the Houfe of York, and upon that turn of 
 government procur’d this grant, Befides, it 
 exprefly appears that 1 1 Edw. 4. he had a Char- 
 ter for two Fairs to be held there yearly j with 
 licence to make, amongft other of his houfes, 
 this of AJbky, a CafUe ; which was demolifh’d 
 in 1648 ; at what time, many other noble 
 feats underwent the fame fate by an ordi- 
 nance of the Parliament. This manour, in a 
 lineal defeent from the faid WtUiam Lord Ha- 
 JlingSy came to the prefent Earl of Hunting- 
 don.! 
 
 Nor ought I to omit Cole-Overton^ the featColorton. 
 of H. de Bellomont or Beaumont, defceiided from 
 the fame famous Family W'ith the Vifeounts de 
 Bellomont, fbut this family is lately extintl by 
 the death of Thomas Lord Beaumont, who be- 
 queathed his Eftate to Sir George Beaumont 
 
 ^ r L.-..- /- T 
 
 Baronet, of Stoughton-Grange, near Leiceftcr. 
 
 In this Parifh of Cole-Overton, is a noted mi- 
 neral water call’d Grify~dam (as others alfoGrifFy-aam, 
 have been lately difeover’d in this County, at 
 Duntm&nd Cadel>y.y\ The place hath the name of 
 diftinftion, fromPif-Co/w, being a bituminousPic-Coles. 
 earth harden’d by nature, and here (to the 
 great profit of the Lord of the Manour) dug- 
 up in fuch plenty, as to fupply the neighbour- 
 ing Country, all about, with firing. fNot 
 far from wLence, is Osgathorp, where ThomasOsgathorp. 
 Harley, Citizen of London, built very conve- 
 nient Houfes for fix poor Minifters Widows, 
 with the allowance of lol. per Ann. to each ; 
 and alfo a Free-fehool, with a * good Sti-* 40^. 
 
 pend. 7j • * 
 
 North-weft from hence is Stanton-Harold, mstanton- 
 the Parifh of Breeden ; where, near the nobleHarold» 
 Seat of the right honourable the Lord Ferrers, 
 is a new-built Church, a very curious ftru- 
 aure of fquare-ftone j of the Founder whereof, 
 an Infcription in the front gives this ac- 
 count, 
 
 In 
 
535 
 
 CO RITA N I 
 
 * 6 ol. 
 
 + 40 
 il 20/. 
 
 Ill the year nJjj. 
 
 TT^hen all things facred throughout the Nation 
 I'Vere either demolifhed or p'Ophuued, 
 
 Sir Robert Shirley Baronet jounded this 
 Church ; 
 
 Whofe ftngular Praife it is, to have done 
 "The befi things in the viorjl of times. 
 
 Appleby. And, at the like diftance from Afhby de la 
 Zouch, to the fourh, at a place call'd Appleby, 
 Sir John Moore Citizen, and once Lord Mayor 
 of Loudon, built a very noble School-houfe, 
 and endow'd it with extraordinary Salaries, for 
 a * Mafter , an f TJfher, and a |[ Writing- 
 mailer ; with a convenient houfe and out- 
 houfes for each.1 
 
 The river Soar ( as I have .already obferv’d) 
 tuns through the middle of this County 
 vs'hich riling not far from the Street-way, and 
 encreafing v\ith the addition of many little 
 Springs, flows gently to the North, and, in its 
 courfe, wafhes the Well and North-lides of the 
 principal Town of the Shire 5 call’d by Au- 
 thors \ Legerceafler, Ligoraceafier, Lygraceajler, Le- 
 graceafier, Legoraceafier,'\ Lege ceflria, Leogora, Le- 
 Lelcefler, geo-cejier, and Leicefier. [(And in reading our 
 V. Burton, ancient Hillories, it mull be carefully dillin- 
 P‘ guilh'd from the Britilh Caer-kgion, or Caer- 
 
 lean (i. e. Well-Cheller, ) which is named Le- 
 gepeafier, Legaceafter, and, by middle-age-wri- 
 ters, Legaceflre.f] This is a place of gre.at an- 
 tiquity, and no lefs beauty. In the year 680; 
 when Sexwulph, by King Ethelred's order, di- 
 vided the Kingdom of the Mercians into Dio- 
 cefes, he plac’d here a Bifliop's feat, and was 
 himfelf the firll Bilhop of the See- fTheSeat 
 was near St. Margaret ’ s Church ; as appears by 
 a ground there. Hill called the Eijhop’s Barn- 
 clofe, and a Royalty, called to' this day the Bi- 
 Bilhop’s Fee,' Fee.~\ But after a few years, the See be- 
 ing tranflated to another place, that dignity 
 determin’d, and the wealth and reputation of 
 the To-ivn decay’d by little and little ; till 
 Edelfleda a noble Lady, in the year of our Lord 
 ^14, repair’d and fortify’d the place with new 
 walls; fo that Matthew Paris in his Lejfer Hi- 
 fiory writes thus ; Legecefiria is a mojl wealthy 
 City, and encompafs’d with an indijfoluble wall, of 
 which ij the foundation were Jirong and good, the 
 place would be inferiour to no City whatfoever. At 
 the coming-in of the Normans, it was well 
 peopled and frequented, and had many Bur- 
 gefles, Twehe of whom (as we find recorded in 
 William the firll's Book) were by ancient ‘Tenure 
 fo go with the King as often as he went to war. 
 But in cafe be made an expedition by fea, then they 
 fentfour horfes m jar as London, for the carriage of 
 arms, or other neceffaries. This Town paid to the 
 King yearly thirty pounds by Tale, and twenty in 
 + Ore, and five and twenty f Sextaries of Honey. But 
 
 Ounces. Henry the fecond, it was op- 
 
 prefs'd with great misfortunes, and the walls 
 were demolifh’d fby Richard Lucie, Chief Ju- 
 llice of England, who had the Government du- 
 ring the abfence of the King in Ireland, ann. 
 1 173.1 when Robert, firnam'd Bojfu, that is, 
 Crook-back, Earl of Leicefter, endeavour’d to 
 raife an Infurredlion againft his Prince. Which 
 Matthew Paris delivers in thefe words: For 
 the contumacy of Earl Robert in oppofing the King, 
 the noble City of Leicefier was befieged, and ruin d 
 by King Henry, and the wall which Jee?nd indijfo- 
 luble, thrown down to the very foundation, quite 
 round. Let me add out of the faid Lefler Hi- 
 ftory. That the walls {being faulty in the foundati- 
 onsj when they vsere mdermind, and the props burnt 
 
 that fupported them, fell in great pieces, which re- 
 main * to this day in the fijape of rocks, for bignefs * Matth. Pi-' 
 and folidity fuch was the indijfoluble firmnefs of the'^'^^ 
 morter. Miferable was the condition of thefe 
 Citizens .at that time, both in relation to their 
 Fines and Banifhment ; who, having with a 
 fum of Money purchas’d licence to depart, were 
 notwithftanding fo terrify'd, that they took 
 Saiiduary at St. Albans and St. Edmundsbury. Al- 
 fo, the Caflle here, which was a large and 
 flrong building, was difmantled. fit was the 
 Court of the great Henry Duke of Lancafier ; 
 w'ho added to it (by computation ) twenty fix 
 Acres of ground which he enclofed with a ve- 
 ry flrong wail of fquare-Stone, at leafl eighteen 
 foot high, and called it his Novum opm, vul- 
 garly now, the Newark, where the befl Houles 
 in or near Leicefier are, and do ftill remain 
 Extra-Parochial, as being under Caflle-guard, 
 by an ancient Grant from the Crown. The 
 Hall of this Palace, and the Kitchen, are pre- 
 ferved entire, by which a guefs may be given 
 at the whole ; the former being fo lofty and 
 fpacious, that the Courts of Juflice, when the 
 Aflizes are held there, are at fuch a diflauce as 
 to give no diflurbance to each other. There 
 are leveral Gate-ways to enter this Palace ; 
 but that which faces the call, is eflcemed a 
 curious piece of Architedure, for its noble 
 Arch ; over which, in the Tower, is kept the 
 Magazine for the Militia of the County.l 
 
 Beneath this Caflle, is a very fair Collegiate 
 Hofpital ; in the Church whereof, Henry Earl of 
 LancaB:er,'andHenry of Lancafier, his fon, who was 
 the firfl Duke of Lancafier, lie buried. Which 
 Duke,inhis old Age,pioufly builtand dedicated 
 the fame, for the maintenance of poor people. Of 
 this, Henry Knighton of Leicellerfliirc, who liv’d 
 in that age, writes as follows : Henry Duke of 
 Lancafier was the fir Ji founder of the Collegiate Church 
 and Hofpital without the Southgate at Leicejler, in 
 which he placed a Dean and twelve Canons Preben- 
 daries, with as many Vicars, and other * minifiers, * Mlniftri. 
 one hundred poor and weak People, and ten ' able 
 women to ferve and ajpjl the fick and weak ; and 
 he fufficiently endow’d the faid Hofpital. [This, 
 with divine Service therein, doth in fome mea- 
 fure Fill fubfift, by certain Stipends paid out 
 of the Dutchy of Lancafter, together with di- 
 vers new Charities ; and there is another Hof- 
 pital built by Sir WiUiam Wigfion, a Merchant 
 of the Staple in this Town, in the reign of 
 King Henry the eighth, which is in a very 
 profperous condition. 1 
 
 On the other fide of the Town, amongfl 
 pleafant meadows water'd by the Soar, was a 
 Monaftery, call’d from its fituation, \ De pra- » ptees' 
 tis ; of which the forefaid Knighton writes* 
 thus : Robert le Bojfu, Earl of Leicefier, founded 1143. 
 the Monafiery of S. Mary de Frees of Leicefier, and 
 richly endow’d the fame with lands, pojfefiions, and 
 Revenues ; hhnfelf alfo, with confent of Amicia his 
 wife, becafne a Canon Regular in the fame, and fif- 
 teen years fervd God there in the habit of a Regu- 
 lar ; and dy’d in the Lord, a Canon. This his 
 taking upon him the Canonical habit, was by 
 way of penance, for having been in arms a-; 
 gainft his Prince. What name Leicejler h'ad in 
 the times of the Romans, does not appear. I 
 think, it is called in the Catalogue of Ninni- 
 us, Caer Lerion : fand Mr. Sornner faith, it had 
 its name from the river, now called Soar, but 
 formerly Leire ; of which name, there is a 
 Town, w'hich ftands near the head of it.l But 
 that it was built by the fabulous King Leir, 
 let who will believe for me. It's fituation on 
 the Military-way call’d the Fojfe, and its di- 
 Fance from the Benmnes THigh-crofsl and Ve- 
 t romtim 
 
537 
 
 Rate. 
 
 Gale, Itin. 
 
 p. lOO. 
 
 Holy-bones 
 
 LEIC EST ERS H IRE. 
 
 nmetum rBurrow-hilll agree fo exadly with- 
 the defcnption of Antoninus, that I cannot but 
 believe, that this is the Rata^ which in Pto- 
 leniy is call d j though there is not the 
 lead footftep of the word remaining, un- 
 lefs It be ill the name of an old trench fcarce 
 halt a mile difiant from the South-gate of 
 Leiceller, call d Amadito, [and in Antfy three 
 miles from Leiceller, too far remote from the 
 Kornan Fofle, and without any marks of An- 
 tiqmty. But (not to mention, that Fern, call’d 
 in Celtick, as Diofeorides fays, Aatii, and in 
 BritiBl Rheiyn, grows hereabouts in abundance) 
 that conjeSute, grounded upon the fmation, 
 and diHaitcej is much confirmed by feveral 
 pieces of Roman Antiquities which have been 
 difcoverd here. As ill. An ancient Temple, 
 dedic.ated (as is fuppos’d ) to Jan>ts ; which 
 had a Flamen or High-prieft refident here. ; an 
 argument whereof, is the great llore of bones 
 of beafts (which were facrific'd) that have been 
 dug-up._ On this account, that place in the j 
 , Town is call d Holy-bones ; where are fome ru- 
 ins of ancient brick-work remaining. It is 
 faid, that the Church of S. Nicholas was built 
 out of the ruins of it j and indeed the con- 
 jedure receives fome Ifrength from hence, that 
 the prefent building has many rows and pieces 
 of ancient bricks about it. 2. Another confi- 
 derable piece of Antiquity was difeover’d in 
 this Town by an Inhabitant, who feveral years 
 ago was digging for a Cellar ; and the work- 
 men were very careful to have it preferv’d. 
 It has been thought by many, to be the Fa- 
 ble of ASiaon, chiefly from it*s Jiaving on it 
 a Creature with the head of a Stag j but that 
 appears to be only a Monfter with a Stag’s 
 head. The figures, are, a Cupid with his 
 Bow drawn, and a Man -with one of his Arms 
 about a Monfter’s neck, as going to kifs it i 
 and the whole is indeed the Reprefentation 
 of that Fable, which feigns Venus to revenge 
 her feif upon one who had found fault with 
 her, by engaging her fon Cupid to make him 
 fall in love with a Monfter. It is wrought 
 W'ith little Stones, fome white, and others of 
 a chefnut Colour } and is a very rare piece. 
 The Cellar is near the Elm-trees, not far from 
 All-Saint’s Church, and few Travellers of cu- 
 riofity pafs by that way, without a fight of it. 
 3. There have been found here Medals and Coins 
 in great abundance, both of filver and copper i 
 of Vefpajlan, Domitiany Trajany Antoniney and 
 others. 4. Near the Town, fomewhat deep 
 in the ground, was found a piece of work of 
 ftone, arch’d over ,• the ftones very fmall, about 
 an inch long, and half an inch broad and thick, 
 finely jointed together with a thin mortar. It was 
 in length about five or fix yards, and in breadth 
 about four ; and the roof cover’d with a fquare 
 kind of quarry, with fmall earthen pipes therein. 
 This (as Mr. Burton thinks) was a Stouphe 
 or Hot-houfe to bathe in j for Vitruvius tells 
 us, that the Romans growing by degrees wealthy 
 and wanton, made ufe of thele hot bathes to 
 purge and clarifie themfelves. Not unlike this, 
 is a later difeovery which hath been made, of 
 a Room twelve foot deep ; the Walls of which 
 were finely painted, and in it were two 
 Chimnies. (a) 
 
 538 
 
 T e Qiurch of St. Margam’s, is a noble .and 
 elegant Struaure, and is famous for a Ring 
 
 a found and exad 
 notes, that they are reputed not inferior to 
 any in the Kingdom. The chief Bufinefs of 
 Leicefter, is the Stocking-Trade, of which there 
 hath been, for fome years, an ufiial return made 
 of hxty thoufand pounds per aimumi] 
 
 Here, I am at a iland, and look about me 
 to fee what Way I lhal! follow, as my guide 
 
 ' Towns. Ranulph the Monk 
 
 oi Chefter tells us, that the old Street-way goes 
 from hence to Lincoln through the Walls : 
 but through what IVaJk he tells us not The 
 ralgar opinion is, that it went-on to the north, 
 through Nottinghamjbire ; but Antoninus the 
 Emperor (if 1 miflake not) feems to intimate 
 that It went northward through this County 
 into Linccjnlhire. And thh way, the footlleps 
 ot Antiquity appear in fome places, of which 
 we (hall fpe.ak in their order : but, that way 
 though I have made diligent fearch, I have not 
 hitherto difcover’d any fuch thing ; what o- 
 thers may have done, I know not. 
 
 Near this place, is Groohy, a rich and ample Groohyi 
 Mtmmr ; which from Hugh GrantmifmiU (whom 
 William the lirll had enrich’d with great reve-’’' 
 nues) defeended by the Earls of Leiceller and 
 the^ Quincys to the family of the Ferrars ; of 
 which family, the Lords Ferrars of Groohy, for Fettan and 
 a long time enjoy’d the honour of -Baront ; but 2 ”^? 
 at laft leaving one only daughter, I^aheta, 
 by marriage convey’d the fame to the Greys, 
 from whom it came again to the Crown by 
 Attainder. * But the moll potent Prince, * While I am 
 King James [the firlll rellor’d Sir Henry Gres 'his 
 
 a Knight of great worth, to this honour of"'"'*'" 
 his Ancellors, having before his Coronation 
 created him Faron Grey of Groohy ; 1 whole graiid- 
 fon of the fame n.ame was by King Charles the 
 firll advanced to the higher dignity of Earl of 
 Stamford. 
 
 About level! miles north from Leiceller, on 
 the Fofle-way, is a fmall round hill, fuppofed 
 to be one of the Roman Tumuli, and well known 
 to Travellers by the name of Segs-hiU, or &x-Segs.hin. 
 hill, there being fix Parilhes which center at 
 that hill, and fet the marks of their P.arilh- 
 bounds there.! 
 
 Let us now return to the river Soar ; which, 
 having pafs d by Leiceller, (runs by ThurcaJion,'Th.\sxoiilon, 
 famous for the birth of that good Prelate and 
 devout Martyr Hugh Latimer ; where the Inha- 
 bitants pretend to Blew fome remainder of the 
 Houfe in which he was born, or at leall the 
 very Place where it flood. Then, the Soar^ 
 giveth name to Mantfmell, or rather Mom-Soar- Moat-Sorej 
 hiU, a compound of Norman and Englifh. It 
 is now only noted for its market fkept on 
 Mondays, and a yearly Fair upon the apth of 
 June, St. Peter’s day ; being granted by King 
 Edward the firll in the twentieth year of his 
 reign, to JTicholae de Segrarue the elder.] But 
 heretofore it was moll famous for a Caftle, 
 feated on a ileep and craggy hill, and hanging 
 over the river. This, firll belong’d to the Earls 
 of Leiceller, and afterwards to Saher de Quincy, 
 
 Earl of Winchefler, in the Barons war .• At this 
 
 day, it is nothing but a heap of rubbilli. For Hiftor. mi- 
 
 in the year 1217. being taken after a long™'- 
 
 (a) With the Antiquities of this place, we muft take notice of a memorable Epitaph in the Church of Sc 
 Martirds here, over Mr. Sohn Heyrid, who iy’A the adof ylpril, 1589. aged 76. He liv’d in one houfe witli 
 Mary bis wife_ full fifty two years j and in all that time never bury’d man, woman, nor child, though fome- 
 times twenty in family. The faid Mary liv’d to ninety feven years, and faw bcibre her death (Dec. 8. i6u ) 
 of her children, and children’s children, and their children, to the number of one hundred forty three! 
 
 Y y y ' fiege, 
 
539 
 
 CO RITA N I. 
 
 54-0 
 
 RatdIfF. 
 
 Barrow. 
 
 II Calx. 
 
 Loughbor* 
 row. 
 
 fiege, the Inhabitants pull’d it down to the 
 ground as a neji of the Dsvily and a den of 
 T'hieves and Robkrs. TNot Far from whence, on 
 Bradgate. this fide, is Bradgatey the feat of T^bomoi Grey 
 Earl of Stamford, and Baron Grey of Grooby ; 
 and on the other fide of the river, Ratcliff, where 
 is an uncommon T’umulM, w'hich feems to be 
 the Monurhent of fome Danifh King ; not on- 
 ly becaufe the Danes are known to have been 
 much converfant in thofe parts, but alfo be- 
 caufe the figure of it (which is long, whereas 
 thefe Tfumuli are generally round,) agrees with 
 the account which Olaus Wormius gives of the 
 Sepulchers of the moll ancient Danifh Kings, 
 That they w'ere made ad magnitudinem & fgurcim 
 Carina tnaxirna navis Regia, in bignefs and fiiape 
 + Higher, C.like the Keel of a large Ship, f Lower, on 
 * Other fide, the * fame fide of the river,! is Barrovs, where 
 ^ is dug the firmefl and moft approv’d fort ofc 
 
 II Lime for building, fin this Town is an Hof- 
 pital, newly eredted by T'heopbilm Cave, and 
 Humfrey Babington, and alfo well endowed_ i for 
 the old Batchelors and Widow'ers of this Pa- 
 rifh and that of Qiiarendon adjoyning.l A 
 few miles from thence, the Soar ends its courfe 
 in the river T^rem ; a little below Loughborrow, 
 a Market-towii, which, in the reign of C^een 
 Mary, had one Baron, Ed-ward Haftings, digni- 
 Burton p»e fy’d with this title, fit was the ancient inhe- 
 i8i* ’ ^ ^ ritance of the noble family of the Defpenfers, 
 who obtain’d the privilege of a weekly Mar- 
 ket, with certain Fairs to be kept here. But 
 upon the Death and Attainder of Hugh le^ 
 Defpenfer, Earl of Winchefter, the 19th of 
 Edward the 2d, it was forfeited to the Crown, 
 and granted by K. Edward the third to Hen- 
 ry Lord Beaumont in General-tail j in whofe 
 pofierity it continu’d, till William Vifeount 
 Beaumont, being in the battle of Towton-field, 
 on the fide of King Henry the fixth, was at- 
 tainted of High T.’reafon i Edw. 4> 
 manour granted to William Lord Hajiings.^ But 
 the Vifeount Beaumont was reftor’d to it by 
 King Henry the feventh, and upon the At-^ 
 tainder of Vifeount Low/ his fuccelfor, it re-' 
 turn’d to the Crown. The 19th of Henr^ the 
 eighth, the Marquifs of Dorfet obtain’d a 
 grant of it ; but upon the Attainder of his 
 fon Henry Duke of Suffolk, 2 Mar. it was for- 
 feited to .the Queen, who granted it to Ed- 
 ward Lord HafUngs of Loughborough, from whom 
 it direftly defeended to the prefent Earl of 
 Huntingdon. This Edward was third fon to 
 George, Earl of Huntingdon, and did great 
 Services to Queen Mary by the forces which 
 he had rais’d, on the death of King Edward 
 the fixth, to pppofe the Lady Jane Grey. He 
 v/as firft made Mafter of her Horfe, and was 
 of her Privy Council, and Knight of the rnoft 
 noble Order of the Garter. Having obtain d 
 the Grant of this Manour, amongft others, 
 he was created Lord Haftings of this place, 
 and made Lord Chamberlain to that Queen’s 
 houfhold.l But upon her death, who had a 
 great affeftion for him, he, cloy’d with this 
 world, refus’d to live longer in it, and devo- 
 ting himfelf wholly to God, retir’d into the 
 Hofpital which he had erefted at Stoke Pogeu 
 in Buckinghamfhire ^ where he liv’d very pi- 
 oufly, among the poor People, and with them 
 finifh’d his courfe devoutly in Chrift. fSince 
 his death, it has given the fame title to Henry 
 Haftings Efquire, fecond fon to Henry Earl of 
 Huntingdon, who was a perfon of great valour 
 and military coiidud , and the firfi that ap- 
 pear’d in arms on the behalf of King Charles 
 the firft, conduced the Queen from Burling- 
 
 tonto Oxford, and planted divers garrifons with 
 his own forces, and particularly that of Ajhby 
 de la Zouch in this County j and, as a reward 
 for his extraordinary iervice, was 19 Car. 1. 
 advanc’d to the dignity of a Peer of this Realm, 
 by the title of Baron of Loughborough. He de- 
 parted this life unmarried at London, 18 Jan. 
 1666, in the 55th year of his age, and was 
 bury’d in the Collegiate-Chapel-Koyal of St. 
 George in Windfor-caftle. 1 
 
 That this Loughborough was that roy.al Vill 
 (in the Saxon tongue call’d Lieganbup^e Tby 
 the Saxon Annals Ly5eanbupb, and Lygean- 
 bypig, by Florence, Liganbupb, by later wri- 
 ters and Lietiberi,)] which Marianas 
 fays, Cuthulfus took from the Britains in the 
 year of Chrift 572 ; the affinity of the names 
 does in fome fort evince. fBut yet this may 
 feem to draw Cut!sv)ulf too far out of his road ; 
 the very next Town that he took, being Ailes- 
 ' bury which favours the Opinion of thofe, who 
 chufe rather to place it at Leighton in Bedtord- 
 fliire ; fince it may juftly be wonder’d, that 
 ' betw'een this Town and Ailesbury (in fo largo 
 a fpace) he fhould not make an attempt upon 
 any other.l At prefent, this is juftly efteem’d 
 the fecond Town of the County, next to Lei- 
 cefter, as well in refped of its bignefs and 
 buildings, as the pleafant woods about it. For 
 the Town, the foreft of Charnvjood, or 
 
 — — , — - . . . Charnwooi 
 
 Charley, * fpreads it felt J ^ great way. With- Foreft. 
 in the bounds whereof is Beaumanour Park,* 20 miXesftn 
 
 which the Lords Beaumont enclos’d (as I have compafi. 
 
 he.ard) with a ftone-wall. Thefe Lords were^ 
 
 defeended ( as is commonly believ’d } from 
 
 French family : certain it is, that they come 
 
 from John de Breme King of Jerufalem, and that 
 
 they firil fettled in England about the reign 
 
 of Edward the firil ; and, by marriage with 
 
 the daughter of Alexander Comyn, Earl of Bo^ 
 
 han in Scotland (whofe motlier w.as one of the 
 
 heirs of Roger de Quincy, Earl of Wincheller) 
 
 they got a very plentiful Eflate, and became a 
 
 Large Family. Of which family, in the reign vifeounts 
 
 of Edward the third, Henry was for feveral Beaumont. 
 
 years fummoned to Parliament by the name of 
 
 Earl of Boghan ; and in the reign of Henry 5, John 
 
 was for a time Conllable of England, and the firil 
 
 in England (that I know of ) whom the King ad- The firil ho- 
 
 vanc’d to the honour of a Vilcount. But when notary Vif- 
 
 WHliam the lall Vifeount dy’d without iffue, 
 
 his filler was married to the Lord Leruel', and^^" 
 
 the whole inheritance, which was large, was 
 
 afterwards confifeate for High Treafon. 
 
 In this north part nothing elfe occurs worth 
 mentioning, unlefs it be a fmall Nunnery foun- 
 ded by Roijia de Verdon, and call’d Grace-dieu, 
 that is, God’s grace : And not far from thence, 
 by the Trent, Dunnington, an ancient Callle, Dunnington. 
 built by the firil Earls of Leiceller, which af- 
 terwards came to John Lacy Earl of Lincoln, 
 who procur’d for it the privilege of a Market 
 and a Fair. But when, in the profeription of 
 the Barons under Edward the fecond, the pof- 
 felfions of the proferibed were alienated and 
 divided, the King gave this Manour to Hugh 
 le Defpenfer the younger; (whofe father, Hugh k 
 Defpenfer the elder. King Edward the fecond 
 created Earl of Wincheller. But i Edw. 3. 
 
 Henry Earl of Lancafter obtain’d a Reverfal 
 of his brother’s 4ttainder, together with a 
 rellitution of his ellate ; of which this Callle 
 and Manour was a part. Afterwards, defeen- 
 ding to King Henry the fourth, it became par- 
 cel of the Dutchy of Lancafter, and fo conti- 
 nu’d till the reign of Queen Elizabeth : wheil 
 Robert Earl of Elfex, having obtain'd a grant of 
 
LEIC EST ERS HI RE. 
 
 5+2 
 
 541 
 
 the Park, did, in the latter end of that Queen's 
 reign, fell the fame to George Earl of Hunting- 
 don, which is now the inheritance of the pre- 
 fent Earl .1 
 
 The eaft part of this County, which is hilly, 
 and feedeth a vaft number of Sheep, was here- 
 tofore adorned with two principal places of 
 great note ; VeYmmetum^ or Hero'/netum, men- 
 tion’d by Antoninus ^ and Burton-Lazersy of 
 great account in former ages. 
 
 Vernortie* Verwmetumy having loft its name, feems to 
 turn, or Ve- have been fttuated in that place which is now 
 ^rometum.^n^ call’d * Burrow-hiU, and ifnear half 
 
 ley Dr G^ak ^ from the Town of Burrow : 1 For be- 
 p. loi. ’ between Verometum and Ratay according to An- 
 Burrow-hill.toninus, were tw'elve miles, and there are al- 
 moft fo many between this place and Leicefter. 
 The prefent name alfo of Burrow, comes from 
 Bup^b, w'hich fignify’d among the Saxons a 
 fortify'd place. But the moft confiderable proof 
 is, that the ground is a fteep hill, on all fides 
 but the fouth-eaft ; on the top of w'hich, re- 
 main the plain footftepsof a Towm for a Tem- 
 ple! deftroy’d, a double trench, and the track 
 ■f Eighteen, of the walls, which enclofed about | twelve acres 
 of land, fwith a riling in the middle of it. The 
 faid ditch and track are pretty plain : The en- 
 trance into it, botli now and anciently, was 
 from the Eaft and by South. There are two 
 banks caft-up about ten yards in length, and 
 five or fix in diftance one from the other ; w'here 
 the Portal appears to have been, and where 
 the entrance is partly level from the field ad- 
 ^ HefiibilU. joyning.l At this day, it is * arable ground, 
 and noted on this account, chiefly, that the 
 youth of the neighbouring parts meet here year- 
 ly for wreftling, and fuch like exercifes •, f and it 
 hath a very pleafant profped, efpecially to the 
 weft.! One would imagine from the name, 
 that fome Temple of the Heathen Gods had 
 formerly ftood in this place. For in the anci- 
 ent Language of the Gauls, which was the fame 
 Yernomttum, With that of the Britains, Vemometum fignifies 
 it a great and fpaciom ‘Temple, as Venantius For- 
 ol^tunatus exprefsly tells us oiVernometum a Town 
 Gauhfli. France, in thefe Verfes in his firft Book 
 
 of Poems : 
 
 Nomine Vemometum nohit njodtare ve- 
 tuftas. 
 
 Quod quafi fanum in^s Gallica lingua 
 fonat. 
 
 The Gauls, when Vernomet they call’d the 
 place. 
 
 Did a great Temple by the word exprefs. 
 
 fAnd the interpretation of a great Temple 
 feems toanfwer the appearance of the place exceed- 
 ing well ; for if we view it more nearly, there ; 
 do not fo much appear the marks of a Town 
 demolifii’d, as forae particular great building ; 
 and rather a Temple than any other, to which 
 the feveral adjacent Colonies might convenient- 
 ly refort.l 
 
 Burton-La- -A-S for Burton, call’d for diftineftion Laxters, 
 aers, from Lax.ers (fo they nam’d the Elephantiaci or 
 Lepers ;) it was a rich Hofpital, to the Ma- 
 fter of which all the lelfer Lazer-houfes in En- 
 gland were in fome fort fubjed, as he himfelf 
 was to the Mafter of the Lazers of Jerufalera. 
 It is {aid to have been built in the beginning 
 of the Norman times, by a general colledtion 
 throCigbouc England, but chiefly by the afli- 
 ftance of the Mowbray s. f(LeIand faith, it was 
 founded by the Lord Mowbray, for a Mafter 
 and eight Brethren, which did profefs the Or- 
 der of Sr. Auftin, about the reign of King 
 
 t 
 
 Henry the firft,)! For about that time, the 
 Leprofie (by fome call’d Ekphantinjli) ran by Leprofie in 
 infedion over all England. And it is believ’d, 
 that^the difeafe firft came into this Ifland out 
 of Egypt ; which more than once had fpread 
 it felf into Europe ; firft, in the days of Pom- 
 pey the Great, afterwards under Heraclius, and 
 at other times, as may be feeii in Hiftory ; 
 but never (fo far as I have read) did it before 
 that time appear in England. 
 
 After thefe places of greater fame, we ought 
 not to omit Melton- Mowbray, near Burton : ItMelton- 
 is a Market-town f(the moft confiderable for Mowbray. 
 Cattle in this part of England,)! fo named from 
 the Mowbrays heretofore Lords thereof! where- 
 in nothing is more worthy of Obfervationj 
 than the beautiful Church j fwhich, the form 
 (like a Crofs,) together with the Stalls in the 
 Chancel, the place for hanging the Veftraents 
 of the Priefts, the Organ-cafe remaining, and 
 other Monuments of Religious Antiquity, do 
 fufficiently manifeft to have been formerly 
 Collegiate. And it had a Chantry for about 
 fourteen Priefts i but where that ftood, is not 
 eafily difcernible at fuch a diftance of time. Near 
 this place, h Staplejord, the feat of BennetEarlStapleford, 
 
 of Harborow ; to whom alfo iugives the title 
 of Vifeount.! Nor muft we omit Sheffington. 
 
 more remote, to the fouth ; which as it hath 
 given name to a famous family, fo hath k re- 
 ceiv’d fame and reputation from the fame. 
 
 Leicefterfhire hath been always famous for Earls of Lel- 
 it’s Earls, perfons of very great note. And in seller, 
 regard that in the Saxon times its Earls were 
 hereditary, I will firft name them in their or- 
 der, according to the information given me by 
 Thomaa Talbot ( a perfon very vN’ell skill’d in 
 matters of Antiquity ) out of the Publick Records. 
 
 * In the time of iEthdbald, King of the Merci- * An accurate 
 ans, in the year of our Lord yt 6 , Leofric wasSucceflion of 
 Earl of Leicefter •, to whom fucceeded, in a 
 line, Algarus i. Algarus 2, Leofric 2. LeofHan, 
 
 Leofric 3. who was bury’d at Coventry > ^/^fl-Antiquitiesof 
 rus 3. who had iflue two fons, EadwinB.o^'ci oiche^ure. 
 March, and Morkar Earl of Northumberland j 
 and one daughter, Lucy, firft marry’d to Ivo 
 Talboys of Anjou, and afterwards to Roger de 
 Romara, by whom file had William de Romara 
 Earl of Lincoln. The male-line of this Saxon 
 family being thus extindb, and the Saxon name 
 no longer regarded, Robert de Bellomonte, or 
 Beaumont, a Norman, Lord of Pont-Audomar, 
 and Earl of Mellent, did, upon the death of 
 Simon Earl of Leicefter, obtain a Grant of this 
 County, by the favour of King Henry the firft, 
 in the year of our Lord 1102. He 
 
 of great learning, eloquent, fubtle, prudent, and{^ ^is Epiftic 
 witty ; but while he li‘'Jd in great fplendor and de conten- 
 glory, Hs wife was entic d from him by another temptu mun- 
 Earl i and fo in his old age he became troubled 
 in mind, and fell into a deep melancholy. To him 
 fucceeded his fon, lirnam’d Boffu tor diftindtion j 
 his grandfon, Ivcnarn 6 . Blanchernaines and Ins 
 great^randfon, Fitx,-Parnel all, Roberts. Of 
 which, the laft (who was call’d FitzrParnel 
 from his mother PetroniUa or Parnel, daughter 
 and coheir of the laft Hugh Graat-maifnill) dy’d ja Tbef, 
 without iflue. A few years after, Simon deScacc. 
 Montfort (defeended from a baftard-fon of Ro- 
 bert King of France) who had marry ’d the fi- 
 fter of Robert FitZfPamel, enjoy’d this honour. 
 
 But he, and his, being f expell’d in the year 4 
 1200, Ranulph Earl of Chefter obtain’d this 
 dignity, not by hereditary right, but by the fa- 
 vour of his Prince. Yet, afterwards Smon de 
 Montfort, fon of the aforefaid Simon, obtain’d 
 the Earldom ; Almaric his elder brother having 
 relinquifh’d his right before Henry the third. 
 
5+3 
 
 CORITJNI. 
 
 544 
 
 So great and unlimited was the favour of King 
 Henry the third to this man, that he recall d 
 him from his banilhment out of France, load- 
 ed him with riches, and honour’d him with 
 the County of Leicefler, and his own filter 
 in marriage. But being thus overwhelmed with 
 icindnefs, and in no condition to make a r^ 
 turn ( fuch is the villany of feme men,) he 
 began to hate his benefaSor ; and occafion d 
 great troubles to the King (who had fo high- 
 c„p„„n,.mlv oblig’d him) by blowing up the llorms ot 
 f„ WorteBcr-a^ Civil war, with the rebellious Barons ; in 
 1 M«. which himfelf, at laft, was flam. His honours 
 
 and poffeflions were confer’d by the conqueror 
 king Henry the third, on his younger fon Ed- 
 mmd call’d Crouch-back, Earl of Lancaller. 
 From thence, this title lay drown’d for a long 
 time among thofe of the Laiicaftrian family ; 
 and Maud, daughter of Henry Duke of Lan- 
 caller, being marry’d to William of Bavaria, 
 Earl ofHanault, Holland, Zeland, &c. added 
 In tte great to his Other titles this of Leicefler. For in 
 Regifter of a Charter of the 3 5th year of Edward the third, 
 the Dutchy jg exprefsly nam’d IVillium Earl oj Henhaud 
 of Larcalier. i^eicefier. And accordingly in an Iiiquifi- 
 tion, 36 Edw. 3- by the name ofDutchels 
 of Bavaria, held the Ca(ile, Manour, and Honour^ 
 
 of Leicefler. Who dying without ilVue, this ho- 
 nour came to ^obn of Gaunt Duke of Lanea- 
 fter, who had marry q Blanche f the fecond Ci- \ Alteram. 
 fter of Maud. From w'hich time it was uni- 
 ted to the Houfe of Lancafter, till it was 
 
 leu. 10 tile nouic ui liu il was re— * 
 
 viv’d in Robert Dudley, whom Queen Elizabeth, gembrance, 
 in the fixth year of her reign, made Earl of 
 Leicefler, by the ceremony of girding with a 
 fword. Him the United Provinces (being 
 deeply engag’d in wars) unanimoufly chofe to 
 manage their Government, and foon caft-oft' 
 again and rejeded j after which, he finifli’d this 
 life, anno 1588. [Some years after his death. 
 
 King James the firfl: created Robert Sidney, Vif- 
 count Lifle ( defeended from a lifter of the lafl 
 Robert) Earl of Leicefler. To him fucceeded 
 Robert his fon, who had by the Lady Dorothy, 
 daughter to Henry Earl of Northumberland, 
 
 Philip, his heir and fuccelTor in this dignity. 
 
 Philip marrying Katharine, daughter of the 
 Earl of Salisbury, had by her Robert, who 
 fucceeded in the fame honour, and left it to 
 Philip his fon ; who, dying two years after his 
 Father, left the title to fohn liis brother, the 
 prefent Earl.l 
 
 IVithin this County are 200 Pariflj-Churches. 
 
 RUTLANDS HIRE. 
 
 UTlAND, in Saxon Ro-e- account, how this came by a Latin name, more 
 
 lan6, is in a manner encom- 
 pafs’d with Leicefterjhire -, un- 
 lefs to the fouth, where it lies 
 on the river Welland, and to 
 , the eaft, where it borders on 
 the County of Lincoln. It is 
 no way inferior to Leiceflerjhire, either in rich- 
 nefs of foil, or pleafantnefs but only in ex- 
 tent, in which refped it is much inferior ; be- 
 ing the leaft County in England. It’s form is 
 almoft circular, and contains in compafs as 
 much ground as a good horfeman may ride 
 round in one day. Hence it is, that the peo- 
 ple of this Country have a ftory of I know 
 not what King, who gave to one Rut as much 
 land as he could ride about in a day ; and that 
 he riding round this County within the time 
 , , aflign’d, had it thereupon given him, and call d 
 
 it after his own name. But let fuch fables 
 vanifh : W'e will not injure truth with thefe 
 idle fancies. In regard therefore, that the 
 earth of this County is fo red that it colours 
 the fleeces of the fheep j and confidering that 
 the Saxons call’d a red colour Roet and Rud ; 
 why may we nor believe that Rutland was fo 
 nam’d, as if one fhould fay Red-land ? So the 
 Poet fays, Conveniunt rebus nomina fape fuis. 
 i. e. There’s often an agreement between Names 
 and T’tiings. 
 
 Several places, in all nations, have been na- 
 med from rednefs : as Rutlart-Caflle in Wales, built 
 on a red fhore i the Red Promontory •, the/ Red Sea 
 between Egypt and Arabia ; Erytheia, in Ionia, 
 and abundance of other inftances, which evince 
 the fame thing. There is therefore no occa- 
 fion to have recourfe to fables for this Etymo- 
 logy. r But it is affirm’d by fome, that there 
 is no fuch rednefs in this County, as to di- 
 ftinguifli it fo remarkably from others. And 
 if this derivation is not to be admitted j nei- 
 ther is that other of Rotelandia, quafi Rotunda- 
 landia, to pafs, till we can giVe iome probable 
 
 than the other Counties of England. The Con- 
 queft 'Could not bring it in, becaufe we find 
 it call’d fo in the time of Edward the Confef- 
 for ; and befides, fo much of it as belong’d to 
 Northamptonfhire (to which the name Roteland 
 was given, before the reft came to be part of 
 it) is far from making a circular figure, how 
 round foever it may be, when all together.l 
 This little Trad feems to have made a 
 County but of late days j for in the time of 
 Edward the Confeffor, it was reckon’d part 
 of Northamptonfhire : And our Hiftorians who 
 wrote before the laft three hundred years, men- 
 tion nor this in the number of the Counties. 
 
 PBut that it was diftind before, is certain j 
 for in the fifth year of King John, Ifabel his 
 new Queen had, at her Coronation, aflign’d * 
 
 her in Parliament for her dowry, among other 
 lands, * Co»«. Roteland. ^viUam de Rokingham* Wrighe, 
 in Com. Northampt. &c. And in the 12'*^ ofpag. 3. 
 King John, the Cuflos did account for the pro- 
 fits of this County in the Exchequer. Which 
 Cuflos can fignify nothing but the Sheriff of 
 the County, who was and ftill is as it were 
 a Guard j and his office is imply’d in his name 
 6cype-5epepa, from which Sheriff is contraded, 
 fignifying no more than a Keeper of the CountyP\ 
 
 Wafh or Gviafl}, a little river, runs from weft^r^JJ, riv, 
 to eaft, almoft through the middle of this 
 County, and divides it into two parts. In 
 the hither, or fouth divifion, ftands Uppingham, 
 
 on a rifing-ground, from whence it had it’s 
 name ; ftho’, indeed, the rifing is very fmall, 
 and fcarce amounts to a hill.l It is not me- 
 morable for apy thing belides a well-frequented 
 market, and a handfom fchool, which (as alfo 
 another at Okehatn) Robert Johnfon a Divine, to 
 promote the Liberal Education of youth, 
 
 * ereded out of certain contributions j ftoge-* Lately 
 ther with two Hofpitals, one at Okekam, and®^®^®*^> 
 another at this place.] 
 
 t 
 
 Below 
 
C) 
 
D 
 
 lif/ir FarccAia/cjj.icr- 4 
 -7ri/>icri‘J//,'/~ 
 
 sS,'Jc^r^ vcllcfA Jcva/hala 
 ') ohm I }/hr, pet- o 
 ^ -J^cnchrulnr-^^ 
 
 C /ip\f/him 
 )keliant 
 ^imJrcri 
 
 r oil ED 
 
 ■McHiio 
 
 6/r/rf/u' 
 
 ^Tfjri'hvirA. 
 
 ,n/^’tn,7 
 
 /uim 
 
 
 STAHFtJRD 
 
 J^hrrmanlc?i. 
 
 hH^hMarttns 
 
 hif t>tcirTz/hr^ 
 
 huirmes 
 
 -Pt/h'tL j JL,//^/t/iain 
 
 f W^KANaDncE “/I 
 
 Y CC-i-Ur^i.l'Tr^i' 
 
 ^OTtL.VXDH 
 
 f T.ilnila Nova 
 
 Ji arc/v.h'n 
 
 Hundred 
 
 •luyiVi.' 
 
 ICa 
 
 Part of 
 
 Ln^COLlY 
 
 siiiRi: 
 
 * /y<7>’vv7/- 
 
 SlIIBE 
 
545 
 
 RUTLANDSHIRE. 
 
 54.5 
 
 Pry-Stoke. 
 
 Below Uppingham, Hands Dry-Stoke, which I jof 40 /. p,- am. It is Hill in being but ea 
 mot omit, m-iegard It hath been an old tremely decay'd, andimDoveriih’.h 
 
 cannot 
 
 feat of that famous and ancient family the 
 pi^by. Dtgbies : which Everard Digby f branded with 
 ^ eternal mark of infamy, by confpiring with 
 
 bran e , . wretched Incendiaries, who had delign’d, 
 by one finglc charge of Gun^owderj to have de- 
 flroy"d_ both their Prince and their Country. 
 [But from his eldeft fon, Sir Kenelm Digby, a 
 perfon of diftinguifh’d worth and learning, it 
 hath fince rcceivM great honour. 
 
 Near this place is Lydingtotiy where, about 
 the year ido2. T'homeu Lord Burghley fettled 
 an Hofpital or Alms-houfe, for a Warden, 
 twelve poor men, and two poor women j 
 which he call’d 'Jefm-Hofpital. And in the fame 
 t Byoney/Z’fJijndred, at Morco^, | another was founded in 
 
 branded, C, 
 1605, 
 
 Lydington. 
 
 Okeham. 
 
 Writhe, 
 
 P-95- 
 
 the time of King Jahies the firft, for fix poor 
 people.! 
 
 In the further divifion, beyond the river, 
 lies a pleafant and fruitful Vale, encompafs’d 
 with hills, and call’d, "The Vale of Catmofe, per- 
 haps from Coet maesy which iu the Britifii figni- 
 fies a v^oody field or ground. In the middle of 
 this vale, ftands Okeham, and feems, for the 
 like reafon, to have taken it’s name from Oaks. 
 Near the Cliurch, are ftill remaining the rui- 
 nous walls of an old caflle, built, as is report- 
 ed, by Walkelin de Ferrariis in the beginning of 
 the Normans : [He was a younger fon of IVil- 
 liam de Ferrers, Harl of Derby ; holding Oke- 
 by the fervice of one Knight’s fee and a 
 
 ham by the fervice of one Knight' 
 half, in the 12th of Henry the fecond .1 And 
 that this was the habitation of the Ferrers, is 
 evident, befides the authority of tradition, from 
 the Horfe-Jhoes (which that family gave for 
 their Arms) nail’d on the Gate, and in the 
 Hall. [And here is an ancient cuftom, conti- 
 nu’d to this daj^, that every Baron of the Realm, 
 the firft time he comes through this town, lhall 
 give a horfe-fiioe to nail upon the caftle-gate 
 which if he refufes, the Bailiff of thatmanour 
 has power to flop his coach, and take one off 
 his horfe’s foot. But commonly they give five, 
 ten, or twenty fliillings, more or lefs as they 
 pleafe ; and in proportion to the gift, the fhov? 
 is made larger or fmaller, with the name and 
 titles of the Donor cut upon it ; and fo it is 
 nail’d upon the gate.l Afterwards, this town 
 belong’d to the Lords of Fattelhall : But when 
 King Richard the fecond had advanced Ed- 
 rcard, fon of the Duke of York, to the title 
 of Earl of Rutland, he alfo gave him this Ca- 
 fUe. In the memory of the laft age Ffave one 1 
 it came to ’Thomoi Crom-welh and, as I have 
 4 Call’d Lord read, gave him the title of f Baron. Henry 
 Cromwell of j-j^g eighth advanc’d this perfon to the higheft 
 \v....uia.Ar,r, after, when by his many 
 
 projects he had expos’d himfclf to the florms 
 of envy, on a fudden he depriv’d him both of 
 life and honours. 
 
 rin the year 1619. was born here a Dwarf 
 fcarce eighteen inches in height, w hen a year 
 old. His father was a lufly man, and fo were 
 all his other children. Being taken into the 
 family of the late Duke of Buckingham, when 
 the Court came that way on a progrefs, he 
 was ferv’d up to the table in a cold pye. 
 Between the feventh and the thirtieth year of 
 his age, he grew not much but a little after 
 thirty he fhot up to that height, which he 
 remain’d at, iu his old age, i. e. about three 
 foot and nine inches. 
 
 In the 2 2d of King Richard the fecond; 
 William Dalby of Exton, a Merchant of the 
 Staple, founded an Hofpital here at Okeham for 
 the maintenance of two Chaplains and twelve 
 
 Wimbledon 
 Slat. 3 1 
 H. 8. c. 3. 
 
 tremely decay’d, and impoverilli’d, and diffe- 
 rent from it s firft Inftitution, About the ruins 
 of the old Caftle-wall, tliere grows Dane-weed, 
 which comes up every ipring, and dies in the 
 fiill.1 
 
 Over-againft this to the eaft,, is moftBarlev. 
 
 pleafantly fituated, as overlooking the Vale 
 beneath. This f was the magnificent feat of.4. ^ow, C. 
 the HarringtoHs, wfto, by marriage with the ’ 
 
 daughter and heir of Colepeper, came to fo large 
 an Eftate in thofe parts, that they continu’d 
 long a flourilhing family : as did the Colepepers 
 before them, to whom, by iV Green, the great 
 eftate of the Brufes did in part defeend. Which 
 Brufes, being of the chief Nobility of England, 
 match’d into the Royal family of Scotland ; 
 from whom, by Robert the eldeft brother, the 
 Royal Line of the Scots, and by Bernard a 
 younger brother, the Cottons of Connington in 
 the County of Huntingdon ( of whom I have 
 already fpoken,) and tliefe Harringtons, are all 
 defeended. Upon which account. King James 
 fthefirfl;! dignify’d Sir fohn Harrington, a noted 
 and worthy Knight, with the title of Baron Barons Har* 
 Harrington of Exton. FBut the eftate of the 
 Harringtons, in this and feveral other fair Lord- 
 Ihips adjoyning, was afterwards purchas’d and 
 enjoy’d by the famous George Villiers Duke of 
 Buckingham j fince the determination of which 
 Family, it hath been purchas’d of late years by 
 Daniel Earl of Nottingham, Principal Secretary 
 of State, firft to their Majefties K. William and 
 Mary, and fince to Q. Anne, a perfon of 
 great honour and virtue, and excellently skill’d 
 in the Laws and Conftitution of his Country ; 
 who, in the place of the former houfe, hath 
 erefted here a moft beautiful and noble edifice, 
 with all other ornaments and embellifhmeiits 
 that are fuitable to fo magnificent a building. 
 
 All which, with it’s eminent fituation, the ad- 
 joyning Park encIoFed by a wall of five or fix 
 miles in compafs, and many other advantages, 
 give it a place among the principal feats of 
 England, and do particularly render it the great 
 grace and ornament of this County. 
 
 North from hence, lies Market-O'oerton, where Market* 
 the Margidunum of Antoninus was f formerly p* 1 , 
 
 ced, but II afterwards removed to about ’ 
 
 cafile principally, I fuppofe, for the great height of i ^ 90. 
 the bill, which aiifwers the termination dimum.W Edit. ult. 
 But there was no occafion for tiiat, * fince* 
 Market-Overm ftands upon the higheft hiW CamLni 
 within view thereabout, except Burley and p. 375. 
 Cole-Overton. And as for the Marga ; in the 
 fields about it there is great ftore of limc- 
 ftone, whereof good lime has been made j 
 which agrees well with the Bridfii Marga, 
 that was us’d by them to improve their grounds. 
 
 Here are likewife to be found fuch plenty of 
 Roman Coins, as but few places in thofe parts 
 afford. In the compafs of a few years, were 
 gather’d between two and three hundred, on 
 a little furlong about half a mile from this 
 town. As for the diftances with refpeft to 
 other ftations thereabouts, they are very uni- 
 form. From Gaufemix, i- e. Brigge-cafterton, 
 fix miles i from Verometum, i. e. Burgh-hill, 
 feveii miles : and from Ad Pontem, i. e. Great- 
 Paunton, feven miles. So that they who feek 
 it in t any other place, may probably lofe.4. AtirW- 
 their labour. loughbf m tbs 
 
 The objeSion againfl it is, that No'' 
 
 (the affinity whereof with the Latin name feems * 
 
 to have given the firft hint to this conjeaure,) 
 muft not be thought any remain of the Roman 
 name, but grounded upon the Alarket, there 
 
 poor men, 
 
 yjt. 4 1^'J ..X ^ ^ A J I ‘f. n 
 
 endowing the fame with a revenuejheld every week. And there is no 
 
 Z 2 z 
 
 doubt, 
 
 but 
 
547 
 
 CO RIT AN I. 
 
 548 
 
 Cotfmore. 
 
 but this has been the conftallt opinion of the 
 + Baronage inhabitants, time out of mind. But if f Dug- 
 vol. 2. p. 5 8. dale tratifcrib’d the name from the Charter, it 
 was call'd Market-Overtony before Barthohme^ 
 Lord Baldifmere, in the reign of Edward the 
 feccnd, obtain’d a grant for a weekly market 
 here ; for in reciting that pafiage, he names 
 the town fo. Befides, I cannot conceive to 
 what end the word Market fhould be added : 
 not, but it is common enough to diftinguifh 
 a town, from fome other of the fame name, 
 which is not far off;, but in this neighbour- 
 hood there docs not appear to be any fuch. 
 So that, upon the whole, it is probable enough, 
 that pofterity finding fomething prefix’d, that 
 founded like Market, might imagin that the 
 market there, gave occafion to it, and fo might 
 frame the name to their own fancies. 
 
 Not far from Market-Overm, is Cotfmore, 
 memorable for the charity of Ame Lady Har- 
 ringtou, widow of John Lord Harrington of 
 Exton, who purchas’d a Rent-charge of a hun- 
 dred pounds fer Am. to be ifluing out of this 
 manour of Cotfmore, and left it to be divided 
 quarterly for ever among the poor of feven 
 Parilhes in this County.! . 
 
 On the eaft-flde of the Shire, upon the ri- 
 ver Gwafll, lye Brigeafierton (of which more 
 hereafter,) and Rihall, where, when fuperlti- 
 tion had fo bewitch’d our Anceftors, that it 
 had almoll remov’d the true God by a mul- 
 tiplicity of Gods, one Ttilha, a Saint of the 
 idler rank, was worlhip’d by Falconers as a fi^ 
 cond Diana, and reputed a kind of Patronefs 
 a. ChmnSox.oi Falconry. (The f Saxon Annals tell us, foe 
 edit. Oion. Was buty’d at Rihala ; and that after Mlffi 
 fub An. 964- came to be Abbot of Reterbmmgh, he took up 
 the body of St. Kynehurge and St. Cynejwithe, 
 and at the fame time the body of St. Tibia ; 
 ard carry’d them all three to, his Monallery, 
 ll Ogreie, in where, in one d.ay, he |1 dedicated them to St. 
 the iaxon. peter, the Saint of the place.l 
 
 Hard by Rihal, is EJfenden, whofe Lord, Ro 
 ben Cedi ( the excellent fon of an excellent fa- 
 + Was UKlyther, once the fupport of this kingdom,) t was 
 
 Brigcaller* 
 
 ton. 
 
 Rihal. 
 
 The Falco- 
 ners Saint. 
 
 ter which W'as granted by .King Henry the 
 firft to Herbert Bilhop of Norwich, and to the 
 Monks of the Church of the Holy there, 
 
 A. H. iioi, * we find this name and title, ♦ Monaft. 
 Ego Robertus Comes Rutland. And the | Learned Angl.Vol. i 
 Seidell tells us, that he had fceii original Let- 
 ters of Proteftion (a perfect and incommunica-f^r° ^ 
 ble power royal,) feiit by that great Prince Ri-^, 22^, * 
 chard Earl of Poitiers and Cornwal, to the She- 
 rift' of Rutlandy in behalf of a Nunnery about 
 Stamford. King Henry the third granted him 
 the Caftle of Okeham and cuftody of this Coun- 
 ty } and Seidell brings this as one inftance^ of 
 that vaft power w'hich Earls formerly enjoy d.l 
 But the Hrfl; Earl of Rutlandy fcommoiily jaiown 
 to be fo,l was Edwardy eldcft fon ot Edmund 
 ' of Langleyy Duke of York j who, by the fpe- 
 cial favour of King Richard the fecond, was 
 created during the life of his father, and after 
 that was by the fame King declar'd Duke of 
 Albemarle. This is he who wickedly confpir’d 
 ro take King Hrnry the fourth out of the 
 way, and then with like levity difeover d the 
 Conspiracy. But after his father's death, being 
 Duke of York, he was flain, valiantly lighting 
 amidfl the thickeft of the enemies troops, at the 
 battel of A good wliile &.^ZQXy Edvoardy 
 
 the young fon of Richard Duke of York, fucceed- 
 ed in this Title i who was (lain with his father 
 at the battel of Wakefieldy during thofe difmal 
 Civil wars. Many )’ears after, Henry the eighth 
 advanced T’homaa Mannours to the Earldom of 
 Rutkndy who in right of Eleanor his grandmo- 
 ther was then pollefs’d of the large and no- 
 ble inheritance of the Barons RooSy lying in 
 the neighbouring parts. To him fucceeded 
 Henry ; and after him Edward his fon j to 
 whom (not to fay more) that of the Poet is 
 moft truly and exactly applicable : 
 
 , ^ LHCl, UllGG LJit- ^ ^ ri 'I 7 
 
 created, C. created by King James fthe nrft, I Baron Ceai 
 
 Baron Cecil 
 ofEflenden. 
 
 Earls of 
 Rutland. 
 
 of Effenden. , ^ cr 
 
 This little County, Ed-ooard the Contellor 
 devifed by his Lfl: Will to his wife Eadith ; 
 conditionally, that after her death it foould 
 eo to St. Peters at Wellminfter. Thefe are the 
 words of the Will : I mill, that after the deceafe 
 of Queen Eadgith my mife, Roteland, with all emo- 
 luments thereunto belonging, be given to rny Mona- 
 ftery of St. Peter, and that it be furrendnd without 
 delay to the Abbot and Monks there ferving God, 
 for ever. But this Teftament was vacated by 
 William the Norman, who, referving a great 
 part of this elfate to himfelf, divided the reft 
 between Judith the Countefs (whofe daughter 
 marry’d David King of Scots,) Ruben Mallet, 
 Oger, Giflebert of Gaunt, Earl Hugh, Alberic 
 the Clerk, and others. To Weftminfter, he 
 left, at firft, the tithes ; but afterwards only 
 the Church of Okeham with foe Appendices or 
 Chapelries thereunto belonging. 
 
 This County cannot boaft of many Earls. 
 FAmong foe witneffes fubferibing to the Char 
 
 •Nomen virtutibm aquat. 
 
 Nec fmit ingenium nobilitate premi. 
 
 Ill virtues as in titles great. 
 
 Nor lets his honour foar above his wit 
 
 But he dying young, left this honour to John 
 his brother j and he alfo being foon after cut 
 off by death, Roger his fon became his fuc- 
 ceflbr, in whom f there did fearly! appear all^ 
 the marks of the Virtue and Nobility of hiSpgar, C. 
 Anceftors. [He marry'd the daughter and heir 
 of the famous Sir Philip Sidney, and, dying 
 without iflue, was fucceeded by Francis his 
 brother and heir ; wlio having no iflue-male. 
 
 Sir George Mannours, his brother and next heir- 
 male, came to this dignity. But he likewife 
 dying without iflue, this honour defeended 
 to John Mannours Efquire, fon and heir of Sir 
 George Mannours, fon of John Mannours, fecond fon 
 of Thomas firft Earl of Rutland of this family. 
 
 John departed this life. Sept. ip. iSyp, and 
 left foe title to John, his only fon, who was 
 advanced, in the fecond year of Queen Anne, 
 to foe more honourable title of Duke of Rut- 
 land; and, dying in the year 17 it, left that land, 
 title to John, his fon and heir, foe prefent 
 Duke.! 
 
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 55 ° 
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE. 
 
 * 6l 
 
 + 38. 
 
 jl Superci- 
 Lium. 
 
 HE County of Lincoln borders 
 upon Rutlandfhire on the Eaft ; 
 being cailM by the Saxons Lin- 
 coilj-cype, by the Normans, at 
 their firfi: entrance into this 
 Ifland (by a tranfpofal ofLet-^ 
 ters) Nkoljhire ; but common- 
 ly now, Lincolnfiyire. It is a very large Coun- 
 ty, * almoA fixty miles long, and in I'ome pla- 
 ces f above thirty broad; the Soil very fit for 
 the producing ot corn, and feeding of cattel : 
 adorn d alfo with many towns, and water’d 
 with many rivers. On the Eafl-fide, it fhoots 
 out into a f foreland of great compafs, which 
 bounds upon the German Ocean ; on the 
 North, it reaches as far as the Abus or Hum- 
 ber., an arm of the fea ; on the Weft, it joyns 
 to Nottinghamfhire ; and on the South, it is 
 parted from Northamptonfhire by the river 
 IVelland. The whole County is divided into 
 three parts, Holland, Kejieven, and Lindfey. 
 
 Holland. Holland, which Ingulphus calls Hoiland, is 
 next the fea : and, like Holland in Germany, 
 is fo very moift in many places, that a deep 
 print of one’s foot remains, and the furface it 
 lelffhakes, ifftamp’don: From whence it may 
 feem to have taken the name ; unlefs with 
 Ingulphus one Ihould call it Hoiland, and de- 
 rive it from plenty of Hay. 
 
 TThis, and Holland in the Low Countries, 
 agreeing fo exadtly in their lituation, foil, and 
 moft other circumftances ; the original of the 
 name, is (without doubt) one and the fame. 
 Mr. Butler’s conjedhire drawn from the Saxon 
 bolr, a v.md, and that other from hay ; feem 
 both to have one and the fame objedtion againft 
 them, that the foil does not favour either ; 
 at leaft, not fo much as to render the place 
 eminent for either ; efpecially, confider’d in it’s 
 ancient ftate. I would not willingly go fur- 
 ther for the original of this name, than to the 
 Saxon beab deep ; the remains whereof the 
 Northern parts do ftill retain in their how, 
 which they ufe for deep or low ; and the break- 
 ings-in of the fea, with the banks made againft 
 it, fufficiently declare how much tlie nature 
 of thefe places favour this conjedlure. But in 
 * the laft age, thefe low Marfties have been very 
 
 much drain’d and improv’d.! 
 
 All this part lies upon the Eftuary, which 
 Metaris. Ptolemy calls Afewm, inftead of and 
 
 The Wallies, is call’d at this day, T'he Wajhes. This Eftu- 
 ary is very large and noted, cover d with wa- 
 ter at every flow, and paffable again at every 
 ebb, tho’ not without danger ; as King 
 ^ohn found to his coft. For in the Barons 
 war, attempting to pafs here, he loft all his 
 carriages and equipage, near Fofs-dyke and IVel- 
 fiream, by a fndden inundation ; as Matthew 
 Weftminfter tells us. This part of the Coun- 
 ty, which the Inhabitants, from the great heaps 
 of fand (call’d Silt) believe to have been for- 
 faken by the fea, is fo terribly affaulted on 
 one fide with the Ocean, on the other with 
 a mighty flood of waters from the Upper Coun- 
 try, that all the winter they conftantly watch 
 it, and can hardly defend themfelves with banks 
 againft thofe dangerous enemies. The ground 
 produces very little corn, but much grafs ; and 
 abounds with fifh and fea-fowl ; but the foil 
 is fo foft, that they work their horfes unfhod. 
 
 and you fhall not find fo much as a little 
 ftone, which has not been brought from fome 
 other place : yet the Churches here are beau- 
 tiful, and built of fquare-ftone. It is very 
 evident from certain banks, now diftant two 
 miles from thelhore, and from the hills near 
 Sutterton which they call Salt-hill, that the fea Salt-hills, 
 came further up. (And therefore Dugdale 
 ranks Holland, with Maryland in Norfolk, and 
 fome other maritime places, which by great 
 induftry have been gained from the fea ; and, 
 before, were nothing but vaft and deep fens.l 
 Here is great want of frefh water in all pla- 
 ces ; they having no other fupply but the rain- 
 water in pits ; which, if deep, foon turn the 
 water brackifh, if lhallow, are prefently dry. 
 
 Here are many quick-fands ; and the ShepherdsQaick-fands. 
 and their flocks are often taught by dange- 
 rous experience, that they have a wonderful 
 force in fucking in, and holding faft, whatever 
 comes upon them. 
 
 This Hoiland is divided into two parrs, the 
 lower and the upper. The lower- abounds with 
 t filthy bogs and unpayable marflies, which thef Thefe are 
 inhabitants themfelves cannot go over, even^ow much 
 with the help of their ftilts. And hecaufe^^^^® 5 ^j’ 
 its fituation is very low, it is defended on one^'^^’'”^”^* 
 fide from the Ocean, on the other from the 
 waters that overflow tlie upper part of the Ifle 
 of Ely, by huge banks. Southybank is the moft By others 
 noted ; which the inhabitants take great care*^^)^’*^ Souihj‘ 
 of, being continually fearful left a breach fhould'^*^^' 
 be made by that great flood of \vaters which 
 fall from the fouth-parts, when the rivers fwell, 
 and by their inundations lay all a-float. For 
 the draining of thefe waters, the neighbouring 
 inhabitants began in the year 15pp. to dig a 
 new chanel at Clows-o'ofs. 
 
 (Upon the confines of Norfolk, lies T"ydd, 
 a fmall village, but famous for the once Rector 
 of it Nicholas Breakfpear, who planted Chriftia- 
 nity in Norway : for which good fervice to the 
 Church, he was afterwards made Cardinal, and 
 in the year 1154, Pope, under the name of 
 Hadrian the fourth. And in the fame tract is 
 Sutton St. Maries, remarkable for the beauty ofSutton Sfc. 
 its Church, and 'of a Chapel belonging to the Maries, 
 fame ; the firft owing it to a Gentleman of the 
 name of Allen, who was a generous benefadlor 
 thereto ; the iecond, to Dr. Busby, the famous 
 and worthy mafter of Weftminfter-School, and 
 a native of this place. At Fleet, in this tradt, 
 hath been found a large -earthen pot, cover’d 
 with an oaken board, and in it about three 
 pecks of Roman Copper Coins, piled down 
 edgewife, moft of them about the time of Gal- 
 Uenus.! 
 
 Near fthe forefaidl Southybank, I faw 
 land, call’d alfo Croyland, a very noted town 
 among the Fenners ; which (as Ingulphus, Ab- 
 bot of the place, interprets it) lignifies raw 
 and muddy land : a place (as they write) haunt- 
 ed in times paft w’ith I know not what fright- 
 ful apparitions, till Guthlacus, a very pious manj 
 became a hermit there. To whofe memory, 
 and to the honour of God, Ethelbald King 
 of the Mercians founded a Monaftery at great 
 charge in the year 7 id, very famous for reli- 
 gion and wealth ; concerning which, take thefe 
 verfes of Felix, a pretty ancient Monk, in the 
 life of Guthlacus : 
 
 Nunc 
 
 Tydd. 
 
551 
 
 CORITANI. 
 
 552 
 
 ^unc em-cet ihi fe muttijicentia Regisj 
 Et magnum ternplum magno molimine condit. 
 At cum tarn mollisy tarn lubricdy tdm male 
 conjlans 
 
 Fundamenta palus non ferret faxea, palos 
 Pracipit infigi quercino robore cafosy 
 Leucarumque novem fpatio ratefertur arena > 
 Inqua folutn mutatur kmus, fuffultaque tali 
 Ceda bafh multo fiat confummata lahore. 
 
 Mo-w here the Prince’s bounteous mind was 
 fliown. 
 
 And with vaft charge a ftately pile be- 
 gun. 
 
 But when the trembling fenns, the faithlefs 
 moor 
 
 Sinking betray’d the ftony mals they 
 bore ; 
 
 At his command huge polls of lading 
 Oak 
 
 Down the foft earth were for a bafis 
 ftruck : 
 
 Nine leagues the labouring Barges broughn 
 the fand : ^ f ■ j 1 
 
 Thus rotten turf was turn’d to folid v 
 
 land ; n • « 1 
 
 And thus the noble frame does dill unfha- [ 
 ken {land. 
 
 If out of the fame Author I fhould deferibe 
 the Devils of Croviland (with their blubber 
 Devils of ^ mouths, fcaly faces, beetle heads, 
 CrowUnd. hoar^Q throats, black 
 
 skins, hump flioulders, big bellies, burning 
 loins, bandy legs, tail d buttocks, i!Tc.) which 
 formerly haunted thefe places, and very much 
 annoy’d Guthlam and the Monks ; you would 
 laugh at the Hiftory, and much more at my 
 madnefs in relating iuButfincethe fituation and 
 nature of the place is ftrange, and different 
 from all others in England, and fince the Mo- 
 nailery was particularly famous in former 
 times ; I mail give you the defeription of it 
 ■y So, arm. fomewhat more at lai^e, f This Crmland lies 
 1607 ; but tenus, I'o enclos’d and cncompafs’d w'ith 
 L‘‘«:bdeep bogs and pools, that there is no accefs to 
 better’d by it but on the north and eaft-fide, and there 
 Drains and ^qo only by narrow Caufeys. This Monaftery, 
 Sluices. and Ftwee (if we may compare fmall things 
 with great^ have the fame fort of fituation. It 
 confifis of three Streets, feparated from each 
 other by w'atcr-courfes, planted with willows, 
 and raifed on piles driven into the bottom of 
 the pool] having communication by a trian- 
 gular bridge of curious Workmanfliip, under 
 which the Inhabitants fay there was a very 
 deep pit, that was dug to receive the concourle 
 of waters there. Beyond the bridge (where, as 
 * In fvlum one words it, * a bog is become firm groundy ) flood 
 mutatur hu- formerly that famous Monallery, though of a 
 fmall compafs; about which, unlefs on that 
 fide where the Town ftands, the ground is fo 
 rotten and boggy, that .a pole may be thruft 
 down thirty foot deep j and there is nothing 
 round about, but reeds j and, next the Church, 
 grove of alders. However, the Town is 
 pretty well inhabited i but the Cattle are kept 
 at fome diflance from it, fo that when the 
 owners milk them, they go in boats (which 
 will carry but two ) call’d by them Skerrys. 
 \\ jtrtdUm a- Their greatefl gain, is from the fifli and |! wild 
 quatilium. Ducks that they catch ; which are fo many, 
 that in Augufl they can drive into a lingle 
 net three thoufand Ducks at once, and they call 
 f Ann, i6o7»thefe Pools their Corn-fields-, t there being no 
 corn growing within five miles of the place. For 
 this liberty of fifliing and fowling they for- 
 
 merly paid yearly to the Abbot, as they do 
 now to the King, three hundred pounds fter- 
 
 pThus was the ancient ftace of this place, pluiof.Tranf. 
 and of the neighbouring Country ; but of la- N. 223- 
 ter years, the Soil hath been exceedingly im- 
 proved by Dreins and Sluices; .and the greatefl 
 part of the Ponds are now turned into Corn- 
 fields;'! 
 
 It is not ncccfiary to write the private Hi- 
 flory of this Monaftery, for it is extant in In- 
 gulphus, which is now printed j yet I am wil- 
 ling to make a fhort report of that which Pe- 
 trus Blefenfits, t Vice-chancellor to King Henry p«s-Caa;e^ 
 the fecond, has related at large concerning the Mrm.. 
 
 firft building of this Monaftery in the year 
 1 1 12, to the end that from one lingle precedent 
 we may learn by what means, and by what 
 affiftances, fo many ftately Religious-houfes 
 were built in all parts of this kingdom, foffrid 
 the Abbot obtain’d of the Arch-bifhops and Bi- 
 Ihops of England, to every one that helped forward fo^ 
 religious a worky an Indulgence oj the third part oj 
 the Penance enjoynd for the fins he had committed. 
 
 With this, he fent out Monks every where to 
 make Colleaions i and having enough, he ap- 
 pointed St. Perpetua’s and Fdicity s Day ^ to be 
 that on which he would lay the foundation, to 
 the end the work, from rhofe fortunate names, 
 might be aufpicioufiy begun. At which time^ 
 the Nobles and Prelates, with the common 
 People, met there in great numbers. Prayers 
 being faid and Anthems fung, the Abbot him- 
 felf laid the firft corner-ftone on the _Eaft-fide_; 
 after him, every noble man, according to his 
 degree, laid his Hone : and, upon it, lome laid 
 money ; and others. Writings, by which they 
 offer’d Lands, advowfons of Churches, tenths of 
 their Sheep, and other tythes of their feveral 
 Churches, certain meafures of wheat, or a cer- 
 tain number of workmen or mafons. On the 
 other fide, the common people no lefs zea- 
 lous, offer’d with great devotion, fome of 
 them money, and fome one day’s work every 
 month till it fhould be finifti’d k fome to 
 build whole pillars, and others, pedeftals, and 
 others, certain parts of the walls. The Abbot 
 afterwards made a Speech, commending their 
 great zeal and bounty, in contributing to fo 
 pious a work, and by way of requital made 
 every one of them a * member of that Mona- * Fratemlta-' 
 ftery, and gave them a right to partake in all t cm. 
 the Jpiritiial blejjings of that Church. ^ At laft, 
 having entertain’d them with a plentiful feaft, • 
 
 he difmifs’d them in great joy. But I will not 
 ftay longer upon thefe things. 
 
 From Crowland, between the river Welland 
 and the deep marlhes, there is a Caufey with 
 willows on each fide, leading to thp North : 
 on which, two miles from Crowland, I faw 
 the fragment of a Pyramid with this In- 
 feription. 
 
 A I O b A N C 
 P 6 t R A CO 
 GVTbLACVS 
 b A B e T S I- 
 B I CO e T A Of). 
 
 This rock I 
 bound. 
 
 fay is Guthlack’s utmoft 
 
 Higher up, on the fame river, is Spalding, a Spaldirg. 
 Town enclos’d on all fides with rivulets and 
 canals ; fit is a handfome and large Market,! 
 and indeed neater than can be realonably ex- 
 pefted in this County, among fo many lakes. 
 
 Here IvQ 1‘alhis, who is call’d fomewhere m 
 
 Ingul- 
 
o 
 
 553 
 
 LJM COLNSHIRE. 
 
 Ingulphus, Earl of Anjou, granted to the Monks 
 ot Anjou an ancient Cell. From hence, as far 
 as Deeping, which is ten miles off,Egelrkk Abbot 
 of Crowland, alterwards Bifhop of Durham, 
 made a firm Caufey for travellers, through the 
 miclfl of ayafi forefi and deep marfhes ( as Ingul- 
 phus writes,) of vjood and gravel ; which was 
 call d, from his name, Elrich road : but at this 
 day nothing of it appears. 
 
 In the ijp'ptr-Hoiland, which lies more to 
 Kirkton. the north, the firft place is Kirkm, fo call’d 
 from the Church, which is indeed very beau- 
 Witham, riv.tiful : After this, where the river mtharn, en- 
 clos d on both fides with artificial banks, runs 
 with a full Chanel into the fea, ftands the 
 Bofion. ^urifhing Town of Boflon, more truly Botolph’s 
 Town j for it took that name from Botolpb a 
 pious Saxon, who (as Bede fays) had a Mo- 
 naftery at Icanhoe. It is a famous Town, built 
 on both fides the river IVitham, over which 
 there is a very high wooden-bridge. It has a 
 commodious and well frequented harbour, a 
 great market, and a beautiful and large Church, 
 the tow^er of which is very high, and as it 
 were falutes travellers at a great diftance, and 
 is a Landmark to the Seamen ; fbeing two 
 hundred eighty two foot in height ; alio of a 
 moft exquilite and furprifing finenefs in the 
 workmaiifhip .1 This Tow'n was miferably 
 Robbers un- ruin’d in Edward the firft’s reign j for inthat^ 
 der the dif- degenerate age, and univerfal corruption of 
 gaife of manners throughout the kingdom, certain War- 
 Monks. rioYS, whilft a tournament was proclaiming at 
 Fair-time, coming hither under the difguife of 
 Monks and Canons, fet the Town on fire in 
 many places, broke in upon the Merchants 
 with hidden violence, and carry’d away great 
 quantities of goods, but burnt more : info- 
 much that our Hiftorians write (as the Anci- 
 ents did of Corinth, when it was demolifli’d) 
 that veins of gold and filver ran mix^d toge- 
 ther in one common current. Their Ring- 
 leader Robert Chamberlain, after he had con- 
 felled the fad, and exprefs’d his deteftation 
 of the crime, was hang’d ; but could not by 
 any means be brought to difcover his accom- 
 plices. However, better times fucceeding, 
 Boflon recover’d it felf, and a Staple for Wooll 
 Was fettled here j w'hich very much enrich’d 
 it, and drew hither the Merchants of the 
 /fo^/e-Company, who fix’d their Gild in this 
 * Ann. i6o7.place, _ * At prefent, it is a fair-built, and tra- 
 ding rich Town j for the Inhabitants apply 
 • themfelves both to merchandife and grazing : 
 fbut in point of trade, they feem of late to 
 be on the declining hand. Here, the famous 
 John Fox, Author of the AHs and Monuments, 
 was born.1 
 
 Near this was the Barony de Croeun or Cre- 
 don j of which family, Alanm de Croeun founded 
 the Priory of Frefton ; and at length, Petronilla, 
 the heirefs of the family, being twice married, 
 brought no fmall inheritance, firft to the Long- 
 champs, from whom the Pediuardins, and fe- 
 condJy to fohn Vdulx, from whom the Barons 
 of Roos, are defcended. This Holland reaches 
 fcarce fix miles farther : it was entirely given 
 by William the firft to Vvo Falbois of Anjou, 
 Herwardjtbewhofe infolences were fuch, that Herward the 
 Englifliman. Saxon could not bear them. This Herward was 
 a perfon of an excellent difpofition and great 
 Valour, the fon of Leofrick Lord of Brane or 
 Bume ; and feeingj his own and his Country’s 
 fafety now at ftake, and having a Soldier’s 
 belt girt on Him by Bran Abbot of Peterbo- 
 rough (who was alfo enrag’d againft the Nor- 
 mans,) he broke out into open war againft 
 
 554 - 
 
 Croeun, 
 Regift, de 
 FrcHon. 
 Barons of 
 Burton 
 Croeune, 
 
 Ingulphus 
 
 Crowlan. 
 
 denGs. 
 
 the foremention’d Tuo, and often conquer'd 
 him and at hft took him prifoner, and would 
 not iuffer him to be ranfom’d, unlcfs himfelf 
 might bereceivd into the King’s favour, and 
 live and die in his Allegiance and ProteSion. 
 
 And indeed his Valour, which is a quality that 
 we honour m our very enemies, deierv'd this. 
 
 daughter was married to Hugh Enermme 
 LotA ot Depingy and enjoy’d his poffcffions ; 
 which alterwards, as I have been informed^ 
 came to the Barm de mh ; a family who Barons of 
 being much enrich d by the Eftate of the Wake. 
 temls, were very eminent in thefe parts, till 
 Edward the fecoiid’s time; but then, by an 
 heir female, their inheritance came in right 
 of marriage to Edmund of Woodflock Earl of 
 Kent, youngeft fon to King Edward the 
 firft. From t a younger branch, is defcended +£ j«- 
 
 the ancient and famous family of the Wakes”‘orm.i. 
 of Blifwoith ill Northamptonftiire, ftill remaiii- 
 ing. 
 
 1 And fo much for Holland, which as well as 
 Lindfey-diviCion, has had its Earls, and gave 
 title to Henry Rich Lord Kenjington, created Earl 
 of Holland, Apr. 3. 22 Jac. i. He was fuc- 
 ceeded by Robert Iiis fon, who had the addi- 
 tional title of Earl of H^arwick by the death 
 of Charles Rich, Earl of that place, his Coufin- 
 german. Whereupon, both titles were enjoy’d 
 by Edward Rich, ftil’d Earl of JVarwlck and 
 Holland ; and, he dying, both defcended to his 
 fon Edward-Henry, the prefent Earl.l 
 
 The other part of this County, commonly 
 call d Kejieven, but by Ethelwerd an ancient Kcfteveni 
 author Ceofiefne-wood, borders upon Holland on 
 the weft, and is happy in an air much more 
 wholfome, and a foil no lefs fruitful. fThe 
 reafon why Ethelwerd calls it Ceofiefite Sylvn, 
 i. e. the wood Ceofiefhe (whereas, at prefent, no 
 fuch thing appears,) is, becaufe there was for- 
 merly a great Foreft at this end of the divifi- 
 on, where now are the large fenns, call’d Deep- 
 ing-Fenns, &c. A plain argument whereof is, 
 that the trunks of trees are dug-up in feveral 
 ditches thereabouts, which lie cover’d fome 
 two foot, with a light black mold. And a* 
 curious perfon (to whom the world is indebt- 
 ed for this and other difeoreries in this Coun- 
 ty) affirms, that in a ditch of his own, at the 
 edge of the fenns, there \\-ere feveral trunks of 
 trees lying in the bottom, and in another place as 
 many acorns turn’d out of one hole, as wou'd fill 
 a hat ; very firm and hard, but colour’d black : 
 and yet now, there is no tree ftanding near 
 that place by a mile, except here and there a 
 willow lately fet. 'I'he fame worthy perfon 
 adds, that he has by him the copy of the Ex- 
 emplification of the t Letters Patents of Jac. i. 
 wherein he recites by w.sy of Inffeximm, the 
 IlLettersPatents of Henry the third, who thereby Angl. & Scot, 
 difaftbrefted thefaid foreft of Kejieven for ever,4i.^ 
 which was alfo confirm’d by Letters Patents ofil 
 * Edward the third ; wherein the faid foreft 
 butted and bounded, to extend on one fide^aoEdw'j! 
 from Swafton to Eafi-Deeping, as Caresdike ex- 
 tends it felf (which is a dike, running crofs 
 the top of the Fenns, not only of Deeping-Fenn, 
 but alfo of that great fenn beyond the river 
 Glen, call’d Lindfey-level ; ) and on the other 
 fide, to the divilion call’d This Morton, 
 
 dike, or Caerdike, is a broad, deep, artificial^’o'-tfiijw/!?. 
 Chanel, which formerly extended from the 
 ver Nen, a little below Peterborow^, to the ri- 
 ver Witham, about three miles below' Lincoln ; 
 being almoft forty miles in length, and fuppo- 
 fed by fome to have been the work of the Ro- 
 mans, and navigable.l 
 
 This 
 
555 
 
 CO RIT AN L 
 
 55 ^ 
 
 This Kejleven-Diviiion is larger than the o- 
 ther, an'd is in all parts adorn’d with more 
 Towns. .On the border, upon the river lVel~ 
 Stanford, land, ftands Stanford, in Saxon 6ueanpop6, 
 II E faxoAfK']] built ot Jkne, from which it has it’s name. It 
 is a populous Town ot good refort, endow’d 
 with divers privileges, and wall’d about. It 
 paid Geld (as Domefday-book has it) for twelve 
 Hundreds and a half to the army, and towards the 
 navy, and Danegeld ; and had in it fey: IVards. 
 FAs to the Antiquity of it ‘, our Englifh 
 Hiftorians afford us very large teflimonios. Hen- 
 Lib. 5. p.aoj.ry Huntingdon in his defeription of the wars 
 between Edinund Ironfede and the Danes, calls 
 Pag. 515. it an ancient City', and Ingulphus, tells us, there 
 were Terms held at Stanford.; and Hoveden in 
 Pag. 249. the book of Crow'Iand, calls it Stamfordjhire, 
 being a County-town : and very commodious 
 it is for that ufe ; this end of Lincolnfhlre ad- 
 joyning to it, being thirty fix miles from Lin- 
 coln, and the end of Northamptonfhire next it 
 on that fide, no lefs from Northampton ; which 
 diftance is a great inconvenience to the In- 
 habitants, as often as their bufinefs calls them , 
 to the publick Afljzes.l When King Edward 
 the Elder fortified the fouthern banks of the 
 Rivers, to hinder the Danifii inroads from the 
 north ; he built on the fouth bank over-againft 
 this Town, a very ftrong caftle, call’d now 
 Stanford-Ba- Stanford-Baron, as Marianus has it. But at 
 this day f nothing of it is to be feen ; for the 
 Nw-' report is, and the foundation-plot it 
 
 thampton- witnefies, that the caiHe which Stephen for- 
 
 Ihire. tified in the Civil w'ars againft Henry of Anjou, 
 
 f Probably, ftood in the very tcAvn. fStow alfo tells us, 
 a 'kittle there was a Mint for coyning of money 
 above the Stamford-Baron, in the time of King A- 
 SpittaL thelftan ; but this probably was a privilege 
 granted to the Abbots of Peterburrow ; for this 
 is that Parifh which is in Northamptonfliire; 
 and is within a diftindf liberty, granted to 
 them .1 Afterwards, when Henry of Anjou 
 Lib. Inq. of England, he gave the whole Village 
 
 the Exche- of Stanford (being his Demfne,) excepting the fees 
 quer. . of the Barons and Knights of the faid Village, to 
 Richard de Humex. or Humetx, who was Conflable 
 to our Lord the King, to hold of him by homage and 
 other fervice. And afterwards. The fame was held 
 by William Earl of Warren, by the favour of King 
 Univerfity ofjohn. In Edward the third’s reign f(not to 
 Stamford, mention what the fragment of an old Manu- 
 feripe Hiftory fays, concerning an Univerfity 
 here, long before our Saviour,)") an Univerfity 
 for the ftudy and profeffion of liberal Arts and 
 Sciences, was begun here ; which the Inhabi- 
 tants look upon as their greateft glory. For 
 when the hot contefts at Oxford broke out be- 
 fween the Students of the North, and the 
 South, a great number of them withdrew and 
 fettled here. However, a little while after, 
 they return’d to Oxford, and put an end to 
 the new Univerfity which they had fo lately 
 begun ; and from thence-forward it was provi- 
 ded, by an Oath to that purpofe, that no Ox- 
 ford-man fhould Profefs at Stanford. FHere are 
 ftill the remains of t^\o Colleges, one call’d 
 Black-ball, Black-ball, and tile other Braz^n-^nofe ; on the 
 and Brazen- gate whereof is a great brazen Nofe and a ring 
 nofc Colic- through it, like that of the fame name at Ox- 
 ford. And it is evident, that this did not take 
 its pattern from Oxford, but Oxford from it 
 inafmuch as that at Oxford, was not built be- 
 fore the reign of Henry the feventh, and this 
 is at Icnft as old as Edward the third, and 
 probably older.l Notwithflanding the lofs of 
 their Univerfity, Trade it felf fupported the 
 To\ui, till in the heat of the Civil war be-, 
 tween the iioufes of Lancafter and York, the 
 
 Northern Soldiers ftorm’d and utterly de- 
 flroy’d it with fire and fword. Since that, it 
 could never peifeftly recover and come up to 
 its former glory ; though it is in a good con- 
 dition at this day ; fbeing the fairefl: built and 
 beft compared Town in the County, and fine- 
 ly feated for pleafure and convenience.] It is 
 govern’d * by a Mayor, twelve Aldermen, and * By an Al- , 
 twenty four Burgefles : TBut when this begun, German, and 
 is not fo certain ; being much older than the 
 firft Charter that they have. For there is a 
 Lift of fixty upon the Court-Rol), fworii there, 
 before the Incorporation, viz. from 1398. to 
 1450. the firft year of Edward the fourth. 
 
 So that Edward the fourth by liis Charter, 
 feems rather to have confirm’d an old cuftom, 
 than to have eftablifii’d a new one. It is very 
 obfervable here, that they have the Cuftom, 
 which Littleton, the famous Common-Law'yer, 
 calls Burrough Englifh, i. e. the younger fbns 
 inherit what Lands or Tenements their fa- 
 thers die pofifefs’d of, within this Manour.l 
 It has ffive Parifh-CIiurches ; fthe fourteen .j. ^j,out 7, C.- 
 W'hich it anciently had, being reduced, by Adi: * 
 
 of P.arliament, iu the 2d year of King Ed-2 Ed.6. n.$o; 
 ward the fixth ; one alfo hath been turned into 
 Free-Sehool, and another united to the 
 Church of AU-Saimsl\ It hath likewife a 
 very fair old Hofpital, founded by William 
 Brown an Inhabitant ; befides another on this 
 fide the bridge, |! built by the Neftor of Bri-j| Lately 
 tain, William Cecil Baron of Burghley, upon his built, C. 
 fixing that ftately Seat at Burghley, of which 
 I have already fpoken in Northamptonfhire. 
 
 He lies buried in a fplendid tomb, in * St. *St.George’s^ 
 Martins Parifti-Church Tin Staraford-Baroii 
 a perfon, to fay no more, who lived long 
 enough to Nature, and long enough to Glory, 
 but not long enough to his Country. TAfter the 
 death of William Earl of Warren, the manour, 
 burrough, and caftle of Stamford were granted 
 to fobn Earl Warren by Edward the firft ', and 
 by his death reverted to the Crown. After 
 five or fix re-grants from the Crow'ii to feveral 
 of the greateft Nobility, and as many returns 
 to it, either by forfeiture or for want of heirs- 
 male ; Queen Elizabeth granted them to Wil- 
 liam Cecil, firft Lord Burghley : from him they 
 defeended to Anne, daughter and coheir of Wil- 
 liam Earl of Exeter, who was marry’d to Hen- 
 ry Grey firft Earl of Stamford ; advanc’d to that 
 dignity by King Charles the firft, in the third 
 year of his reign. He was father of Thomas 
 Lord Grey of Grooby, who dy’d in his father’s , 
 
 life-time, having marry’d Dorothy daughter and 
 coheir of Edward Bourebier Earl of Bath ; by 
 which match, Thomas, the prefeut Earl of 
 Stamford, is defeended from Thomas of Wood- 
 feock Duke of Glocefter, and fro?u the Bo/nms 
 Earls of Eflex, Hereford, and Northampton, 
 and feveral other noble Families.] 
 
 Though there are in this place fome remains 
 of Antiquity, and the Roman High-way, 
 
 (which you fee as foon as you are out of this 
 Tow'n, northward,) clearly fhews, that there 
 w^as formerly a Ferry here j yet they do not 
 prove, that this was that Gaufenna which An- High-dyVel 
 toninus places at fome fmall diftance from Gaufenna, 
 hence. But fince the little village .fir/^ca/^erfowBrigeaflertoH, 
 (which by its very name appears to be ancient) 
 is b ut a mile off, W'here the river Gwafb or 
 Wafe) crofles the military way ; the neamefs 
 of the name Gwafb to Gaufennx, -and the di- 
 ftance, not inconfiftent, makes me believe, 
 time t produce fome more probable conje- as better an- 
 (fture, that Gaufenms is at prefent call’d Brig- fwering the 
 caflerton. If I ftiould think Stamford fprangdlfi®"*^^: be 
 
 from the ruins of this Town, and chat 
 
 part 
 
557 
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE. 
 
 iz pope E„g.;~ 
 
 the Gty Z,W,„. I .vould h„e Jieadct tf J "ft ”f, ^S^otbad 
 
 558 
 
 take it as a bare Opinion, and pafs what iudg- 
 ment upon it he tldnks fit. Ic is the current 
 beliet, that this Gaufenna was demolifh’d (as 
 Henry Archdeacon of Huntingdon relates} when the 
 Pi(Ss and Scots ravag’d this Country as far as 
 Stanford j where our Hengijl and his Saxons, 
 ■with great Refolution and Gallantry, hop’d 
 their progrefs, and forc’d them to tiy in great 
 diforder ; leaving many dead, and many more 
 prifoncrs, behind them. TBetween Stamford and 
 Lincoln, in the KefleTien-AmCioa, are many 
 TteSpaws. Spaws or mineral chalybiate Springs ; as, at 
 Bomtie, IVahat by Folkingham, Pickworth, New- 
 ton, Aunsby, Afirby, and, as is faid, in the 
 J ■ r ■ Dunsby-hall, three miles north 
 
 ot Sleeford ; * Thofe chiefly celebrated and 
 US d> are bourne and H^alcot?\ But to pro- 
 ceed. 
 
 In the eaft part of Kefleven, which lies tO' 
 wards Holland^ as we travel to the north, the 
 Deping, firll: Town we meet with, is Doping^ that is. 
 
 as Ingulphus has it, a deep tneadow, where Ri- 
 chard de Rulos Chamberlain to JViUiam the Con- 
 queror, by throwing up a great bank, jhut out the 
 Depipg-iei\ns. river Wailand, which us'd often to overflow', and 
 built on the faid bank many houfes, which in all 
 made a large viUage.'This .Heping, or deep meadow, 
 is indeed very properly fo call’d i for the plain 
 which lies beneath ic, many miles in com- 
 pafs, is the deepeft in all this marfliy Coun- 
 try, and the rendezvous of many waters j and 
 what is very ftrange, the chanel of the river 
 Glen, which is pent in by its banks, and runs 
 from the weft, lies much higher than this 
 plain. [The manour came to the Crowm by 
 the black Prince’s marrying Joan the Fair 
 Maid of Kent, who was daughter to Edmund 
 of Woodftock Earl of Kent, and of Margaret, 
 fitter and heirefs to fhomat Wake, the la'ft of 
 that line. It is very remarkable, that Ihe had 
 been twice marry'd before, and twice divorced.'\ 
 Next, is Burn, (which by the fame marriage 
 came to the Crown, together with Doping, 
 t This was and is"l remarkable for the f Inauguration of 
 Tu^rl in Edmund, and for a caftle of the Wakes j 
 
 SV/Jort, which for it of King Edward the firft; 
 
 Burn, 
 
 su^oie, wtnea uic uxu, .jimun, ana gave many lenements to Religious Hou- 
 
 fee. the privilege of a Market. fLeland’s account ) but dy'd without ifue by her. fhen, the Inhe- 
 
 Monalleries, that is, of men and women promif- 
 cuoully)introduce an Order of mm and women ; 
 which encreafed to that degree, that he himfelf 
 loun^ded 13 Convents of this Order, and liv’d 
 to lee in them feven hundred Gilbertine 
 fryers and eleven hundred Sillers : but their 
 Challity was not to be brag'd of, if we may 
 believe Nigellus a Satyrill of that age, who 
 thus upbraids them; 
 
 Hih um funt quadam fieriles, quxdam ps- 
 rientes, 
 
 Virgineoque tamen mmine cunBa tegum. 
 
 Qua pafloralis baculi dotatur honore. 
 
 Ilia quidem melius, fertiliufque park. 
 
 Vix etiam quavis fierilis reperitur in illU, 
 
 Donee eU atoi talia poffe neget. 
 
 Some are good breeders here, and others 
 fail. 
 
 But all is hid beneath the facred veil. 
 
 She that with paftoral ftaft commands tlie reft. 
 
 As with more zeal, lb with more fruit is 
 bleft. 
 
 Nor any one the courtefie denies. 
 
 Till age fteals on, and robs them of their 
 joys. 
 
 Next is Folkingham, which alfo f belongfdf Belongs, C. 
 to the Clintons but was once a Barony of the 
 Gaunts, defeended from Gilbert de Gandavo or Lor«ls oi 
 Gaunt, II nephew to Baldwin Earl of Flanders, Ft’lkir’gham.' 
 on whom William the Conqueror, very libe-H 
 rally, beftow’d great Pofteffions ; for thus an 
 old Manufeript has ic. Memorandum, fhat there 
 came-in with William the Conqueror one Gilbert 
 de Gaunt, to whom the faid W^illiam (^having 
 difpoffefs’d a woman nam'd Dunmoch) granted the 
 Manour of Folkingham, with the appurtenances 
 thereunto belonging, and the Honour annex'd to it, 
 
 T'be faid Gilbert bad Walter de Gaunt, his Jon 
 and heir, who bad Gilbert de Gaunt, his fan 
 and heir, Robert de Gaunt his younger foni 
 and the faid Gilbert, fon and heir, had Alice, 
 his daughter and heir, who was marry' d to Earl 
 Simon, and gave many Tfenements to Religious Hou- 
 
 of it, is, That in his time, there appeared 
 great ditches, and the Dungeon-hill of ic againft 
 the weft-end of the Priory, fomewhat diftant 
 from ic, as on the other fide of theftreet back- 
 ward ; That it belong’d to the Lord Wake, 
 and, That much fervice of the Wake-fee was 
 done to it, and every Feodary knew his ftation, 
 and place of fervice. The medicinal Spring a- 
 riling here in a farm-yard, is as ftrong as that 
 at Aftrop in Northamptonfhire, and is much 
 drunk in fummer-time. That other alfo, fe- 
 ven miles farther to the north, near the edge 
 Walcot. of the fenns at Walcot by Folkingham, is much 
 frequented by the Gentry of late years, and is 
 fomething ftronger than the other purging 
 both by urine and ftool. Not far from Bourn, 
 Grimstborp.is Grimsthorp, the feat of his Grace the Duke 
 of Ancafter, Lord Great Chamberlain of En- 
 gland.! 
 
 *The north- More to* the eaft, ftands Irnham, heretofore 
 '''eft- the Barony of Andrew Lutterell : And then Sem- 
 
 Irnbam. pringham, f famous for a very fine houfe built 
 by Edward Baron Clinton, afterwards Earl ot 
 Lincoln, f\\hich is now ruinousj 1 but hereto- 
 fore, for the Religious Order of the Gilber- 
 tines, inftituted by one Gilbert Lord of the 
 place. For he, as they write, being an admi- 
 rable perfon, and fngularly skiSed in the education 
 
 t 
 
 f Now fa. 
 ffious, C. 
 Lutterell. 
 Sempring- 
 ham. 
 
 Fryers Gil. 
 fcertines. 
 
 ritance came to the aforefaid Robert de Gaunt 
 her uncle, who had Gilbert his fon and heir, who 
 had another Gilbert bis fon and heir, who had alfo 
 another Gilbert his fon and heir, by whom the Ma- 
 nour of Folkingham, with its appurtenances, woo 
 given to Edward, fon of Henry King of Eng- pi. „ h 3. 
 land. This Gilbert, as it is in the Pleas of Roc. 13.’^’ 
 the Crown, from which this Genealogy isLinc- 
 prov’d, fued for fervice, againft WiUiam de Scremby. 
 
 At laft, the King gave it to Henry de Beuomonte ; 
 
 for nothing is more dear, than that he held it 
 
 in Edward the feepnd’s reign. Near this, islnq. 4E8.2. 
 
 Skrekingham, remarkable for the death of ./^^wSbrekingham, 
 
 the lecond Earl of Leicefter, kill’d by Hubba 
 
 the Dane. Which place, it is very probable 
 
 that Ingulphus fpeaks of, when he writes thus, 
 
 In Kefteven, three Danifh petty Kings were (lain ; 
 and they inter d them in a certain village heretofore 
 call'd Laundon, but now ‘Tre-king-bam, from this 
 burial of the three Kings. 
 
 More to the eaft, is Rather, famous for no-H*tker. 
 thing but the f Buffeys or Bufteys, who live here, . 
 and derive their pedigree ftom Roger de 5«yZi?y,_2VetJ7Jonr. ' 
 who was contemporary with the Conqueror. BuOy. 
 
 And then Slef&rd, a caftle of the Bifhops ofsieford. 
 Lincoln, erected by Alexander, Bifhop •, As here 
 alfo John Huffy, the_ firft and laft Baron of that Baron HulTy. 
 name, built himfelf a feat, but loft his head 
 
 for 
 
559 
 
 CORITANI. 
 
 560 
 
 Kltne. 
 
 Earls of All' 
 
 gus. 
 
 Temple 
 
 Brucr. 
 
 parorts Dein- 
 court. 
 
 Inq. 21 H. 6 . 
 Pat. 10 Ed,2. 
 
 Belvoir, or 
 
 Beauvoii-ca- 
 
 flie. 
 
 •^■Now Dules, 
 
 for ciiKaeing <n chat Infurreftioti of I537> 
 when the Feuds and differences about Religion 
 firft broke out in England. A few miles oft, 
 ftands Kime, from whence a noble family, call d 
 de Kime, had their name; but the Umframiih 
 (three of whom were fummon’d to Parliament, 
 by the name of Earls of Angm in Scotland; 
 became at lall poffeflors of it. The Sages ot 
 the Common Law would not allow the hrit 
 of thefe (forafmuch as Angus was not within 
 the bounds of the Kingdom of England) to 
 be an Earl, till he produced in open Court, 
 the King^s Writ by which he was fummon’d to 
 Parliament under the title of Earl of Angus.Vtom 
 the Umframiih, it came to the Tattoij ; one of 
 which family,namedGi7(err,was by Hen. 8. created 
 Baron Tit/^obiwhofe two fons dy’d without iffue, 
 and fo the inheritance went by females to the 
 families of the Dtmocks, hglebies, and others. 
 
 More to the weft, ftands Temfle Bruer, that 
 is, as I interpret it, ’female in the Heath: it 
 feems to have been a Preceptory of the Tern- 
 flats, for there are ftill the ruinous walls of a 
 demolifh’d Church, not unlike thofe of the 
 Neto Temfle in London. Near it, is Blankeney, 
 ■once the Barony of the Deincourts, who flou- 
 riffl’d in a continu’d fucceffion, from the co- 
 ming-in of the Normans to the time of Hen- 
 ry the iixth, and then the heir-male fail’d in 
 U/illiam, tvhofe two fitters and heirs were mar- 
 ry ’d, the one to William Drvel, the other to 
 Ralph Q-omwell. I was the more willing to 
 take notice of this Family, that I might in 
 fome meafure anfwer the defire of Edmund 
 Baron Deincourt, who was fo very earneft to 
 preferve the memory of his name, that having 
 no iflue-male, he petition’d King Edward the 
 ■ fecoiid, for liberty To male oner his Manours 
 and Arms to vihomfoeve-r he pleased ; for he imagirid 
 that loth his Name and Arms mould go to the gram 
 mith him, and woe nery foBcitous to have themfur- 
 vive, and be remember’d. Accordingly, the King 
 comply ’d, and he had Letters Patents for that 
 end. Yet this firname, for ought I can find, 
 is now quite extinif, and would have been for- 
 gotten for ever, if the memory of it had not 
 been preferv’d in Books. 
 
 In the weft-part of Keflenen, where this 
 County borders on Lcicefterlhire, on a fteep, 
 and as it feems artificial hill, ftands Belvoir or 
 Beauvoir-caftle, fo call’d (whatever the name 
 was formerly) from its pleafant profpea ; 
 which (with the little Monaftery adjoyning, 
 r and belonging to Leicefterfflire, as Mr. Bm- 
 ton pleads,)! is faid to have been built by To- 
 deneitts a Norman ; from whom, by the Albe- 
 nies Britons, and by the Barons Roos, it came 
 , by inheritance to the Manmurs, t Earls of Rut- 
 'land. (Mr. Burton differs fomewhat from this 
 account ; being willing to have it rais d by one 
 of the Houfe of Atbeney ; whofe firft name in- 
 deed he does not deny might be Taney, or 
 Todeney. He grounds his opinion upon fome 
 ancient Records about the time of King Hen- 
 ry the firft, or elder, proving the Albenies to be 
 then refident here ; who were true Natives 
 of this land, and no Normans or Stran- 
 gers, as appears by the addition to their name, 
 w'z.. WiBelmus de Albiniaco, Brito^ By the firft 
 of the Mrmmurs (fThemae) as I have heard, it 
 was rebuilt, after it had lain in ruins for 
 many years. For William Lord Haftings, in 
 fpighr to Thomas Lord Roos who fided with 
 Henry the Iixth, did almoft demolifh it, and, 
 upon the attainder of die Lord'Jbioj, had it 
 granted him by Edward the fourth, with very 
 large pofleffions. But Edmund Baron Roos, fon 
 of Thomas, did by the favour of Henry the fe- 
 
 venth regain this his hereditary Eftate. 
 
 About the caftle, are found the Hones call’d 
 
 Aftroites, which refemble little flats, mix’d one AHroltes. 
 
 with another, having five rays in every corner, 
 
 and in the middle of every ray a hollow. This 
 
 flone among the Germans had its name from 
 
 ViUory ; for they think, as Georgius Agricola 
 
 writes in his fixth book of Minerals, that 
 
 whofoever carries this flone about him, lllall 
 
 certainly be fuccefsful agaiiifl his enemies. But 
 
 I have not yet had an opportunity to make the 
 
 experiment, whether this ftone of our’s, when 
 
 put in vinegar, will move out of its place and 
 
 whirl round, like that in Germany. The 
 
 Vale beneath this caftle, commonly call’d from 
 
 it. The Vale of Belvoir, is pretty large, and ren-T|,e Valc of 
 
 der’d exceeding pleafant by corn-fields and pa- Belvoir. 
 
 ftures. It lies, part in Leicefterfflire, part in 
 
 Nottinghamfliire, and part in Lincolnffiire. 
 
 If not in this very place, yet certainly very 
 near it, flood formerly that Margidunum which Margidu- 
 Antoninus mentions next to Vernometum ; as num. 
 appears plainly enough, both by its name, and 
 by the diftances from Vernometum and the Town 
 Ad Pontem, otherwife Paunton ; for Antoninus 
 places it between them. It feems to have ta- 
 ken this ancient name from Marga, and from 
 the fituation. For Marga, among the Britains, 
 was a fort of earth with which they manur’d 
 their grounds ; and Dunum, which lignify’d a 
 hill, is applicable only to high places. But I 
 do for all that queflion this etymology, f fee-y See Merhi. 
 ing there is but little Marie found in this plac?0»crt»», in 
 (the not fearching for it, being perhaps the Rutlandlhire; 
 reafon ; ) except the Britains by the name of 
 Marga underftand || Plaifter-ftone, which, as Igijaaum. 
 am inform’d, is dug-up not far from hence, || Gypfum. 
 and (as Pliny declares in his Natural Hiftory) 
 was in great requeft among the Romans, who 
 us’d it in their Plaifterings and * Cielings. * slgiSi,. 
 
 Thro’ this part of the Shire, runs /IfyriaM, 
 a little river, but very full of Pikes ; and the 
 northern parts of the.Divifion are bounded by 
 it. It’s head is at a little town of the fame 
 name, not far from the ruins of Bitham-cajlle, Bitham. 
 which, as W'e find in an old Pedigree, was 
 given by William the firft to Stephen Earl of 
 Albemarle and Holdemefs, to enable him to feed 
 his fon, as yet a little infant, with fine white 
 bread ; for at that time nothing was eaten in 
 Holdemefs, but oat-bread, altho’ it is now 
 very little us’d there. This caftle, in the reign 
 of Edward the third ( at what time William dejijjtt^ pj^. 
 Fortibus Earl of Albemarle, rebellioufly forti- 
 fy ’d it, and plunder’d the whole neighbour- 
 hood) was laid almoft level with the ground. 
 Afterwards, it became the feat, and as it were 
 the head of the Barony of the Colvills, whocoi,;]]. 
 liv’d for a long time in very great honour, 
 but failing in Edward the third’s time, the 
 Gemons and the Buffets of Safeot, had this Inhe- 
 rit.ance in right of their wives. 
 
 A little way from the head of the river 
 PVitham, fat a fmall diflance from it, lies 
 Boahby-fannel, upon which Dr. Robert Sander- Boothbj- 
 fon, particularly famous for his great know- parniel. 
 ledge in Cafuiftical Divinity ( who was for 
 fome years Rector there) has entail’d a lafting 
 name and honour ; as he did afterwards upon 
 the Regius-Ptofefl'or’s Chair at Oxford, and 
 the See of Lincoln. The reafon of the name 
 we learn from f Leland, who tells us, there was Lei. MS. 
 one Boutheby of very ancient time, whofe Heir- p. 17. 
 general was marry’d to Paynelle.'] 
 
 Hard by, upon the river, ftands Paunton, Peisatoo. 
 which bo.afts much of its antiquity ; chequer’d 
 p.avements of the Rom.ans are often dug-up in 
 it, and hero was formerly a bridge over die 
 
55i 
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE. 
 
 562 
 
 * Cajlram. 
 
 •f Itinerar. 
 MS. p. 20. 
 
 river. For both the name Pauntony and its 
 diftance, not only from Margidunum, but alfo 
 Ad Pontem. from Croco-calanUi fliew that this is that * Ad 
 *Eaft-Briige-fontenty which Antoninus places feven miles 
 Margidunum. For Antoninus calls that 
 Gafe,^pl Croco-calana which we now call f Ancaftery 
 
 + Cohngbamy being at prefent only one dired llreet along 
 in Nottin- the military way j one part of which not long 
 ghamlhirc, belong’d to the FefcieSy and the other to 
 
 the Cromwells. In the entrance on the South- 
 lide, I faw a trench, and it is very evident it 
 was a * Camp formerly j as on the other fide 
 towards the Weft, we fee certain fummer- 
 camps of the Romans. It feems to have had 
 that Britifh name from it’s fituation, for it lies 
 under a hill, and we read in Giraldm Cambren- 
 jis and Ninnim, that among the Britains Cruc 
 maur fignify’d a great hilly and Cruc-occhidienty a 
 mount to the weji j but I leave others to find out 
 the meaning of the word Colana. The anti- 
 quity of this town appears by the Roman 
 coins r(fome of which f Leland found to have 
 been difeover’d before his time ; )1 as alfo by 
 the vaults that are often met with, by it’s 
 fituation on the military-way, and by the 
 fourteen miles diftance between this and Lincoln 
 (the road lying over a green plain, call’d An- 
 cajler-heath -y ) for juft fo many, Antoninus makes 
 it to be, between Croco-calana and Lindum. 
 But let us follow the river. 
 
 Grantham. Kear Pauntony we fee Granthamj a pretty po- 
 pulous town, fand a large market, and Cor- 
 poration j 1 adorn’d with a School, built by 
 Richard Fox Bifhop of Winchefter, and with 
 a fair Church having a fpire fteeple ftwo hun- 
 dred and eighty foot in height of which 
 abundance of ftories are told, f At this place, 
 StzWakefieUy^ weekly Le£hire, very well endow’d, was 
 in Yorklhire, founded by the munificence of the pious Lady 
 Camden. Henry, eldeft fon of Henry d'Naffau 
 Seignior d' Auverque-rque a defeendant from Mau- 
 rice of Najfau Prince of Orange, was, in the 
 loth year of William the third, advanced to 
 the title of Earl of Granthamy being created 
 at the fame time Vifeount Bojion and Baron 
 of Alford. Within a mile of this town, ftands 
 Belton. Belton, a new-built houfe, belonging to the 
 family of the Bro-wnlovcs (now Lords Tyrconnel 
 in Ireland ; ) one of the moft regular and beau- 
 tiful feats in this County. Over-againft Belton, 
 Sedgbrook, is Sedgbrook j in the Church whereof, is a par- 
 ticular burying-place of the family of the Mark- 
 hams, to whom this Lordihip, till very lately, 
 belong’d. Of this family, was the famous 
 Judge Markham, who being difplaced on a very 
 honourable account, and having thereby defer- 
 vedly obtain’d the name of the Upright fudge, 
 retir’d hither, and built this burying-place, 
 and over it a Chamber, where he lodg’d, and 
 fpent his latter days in great piety and devo- 
 tion. Here alfo he was bury’d in a fair mar- 
 ble tomb, which ftili remains, not much de- 
 faced.l 
 
 Beneath Grantham, near the little village 
 Herlaxton. Herlaxton, was a brazen veffel plow’d up in the 
 laft age ffaveone;! wherein they found an 
 old-fafhion’d gold helmet, ftudded with jewels, 
 which was prefented to Katharine of Spain, 
 Queen Dowager to King Henry the eighth, 
 fin the fame Pot (as Leland faith) they found 
 alfo beads of filver, and writings corrupted.1 
 From hence, Witham (in a long courfe north- 
 ward) runs near Somerton-cafile, built by An- 
 Lib. Dunel- Eec Bifhop of Durham, by whom it was 
 ®cnGs. £(i^ard the firft ; and a little after to 
 
 Lords of William de Bellomont, who about that time came 
 Bcllemont. jnto England : from him did defeend the fa- 
 
 A golden 
 Helmet. 
 
 Somerton. 
 
 mily of the Vifeounts de Bellomonte, which, 
 in the laft age ffave one,! was in a man- 
 ner extind, when the fifter and heir of 
 the laft Vifeount was marry ’d to John Lord 
 Lovel of Tichmerjh ; but we have fpoken 
 already of this family, in Leicefterfhire. From 
 hence, the river winds towards the South-eaft, 
 through a fenny country, and difeharges it felf 
 into the German Ocean a little below Bofion, 
 after it has bounded Kefteven to the North. 
 
 Altho’ this river falls from a fteep defeent and 
 large chanel, into the fea, yet by reafon of 
 the great floods in winter, it overflows the 
 fenns on each fide, with no fmall lofs to the 
 Country , however, thefe waters are drain’d 
 in the fpring by fluices, which they call Gates. 
 
 On the other fide of Witham, lies the third 
 part of this County, call’d Lindfey, and by BedeLindfey. 
 LindiJJi, from the chief city of this fhire : It 
 is bigger than Hoiland, and Kefteven 1 jetting 
 out into the Ocean with a large front, which 
 has the fea continually playing upon it to the 
 Eaft and North ; on the Weft, is the river 
 Trent, on the Soutli it is parted from Kefteven 
 by the Witham and by the Fofs-dike (feven Pofs-dike.' 
 miles in length) which was cut by Henry theHoveden, 
 firft between the Witham and the Trent, for 
 the convenience of Carriage in thefe parts. At 
 the entrance of this Dike into the Trent, 
 ftands Torkefey, in Saxon Tupcej"i5, now a lit-Torkefey, 
 tie mean town, but heretofore very noted : for 
 there were in it before the Norman times 
 (as it is in Domefday-book) two hundred Bur- Domefday- 
 gers, who enjoy’d many privileges, on condi- book, 
 tion, that they fhould carry the King’s Am- 
 bafladors, as often as they came that way, 
 down the river Trent, in their own barges, 
 and condud them as far as York. fTheir 
 ancient Charter is ftill preferv’d here j and 
 they enjoy thereby the privilege of a toll, from 
 ftrangers who bring cartel or goods this way ; 
 as alfo the privilege of a Fair on Monday 
 in Whitfun-week, much reforted to by thofe 
 parts. Our Countryman Sberingham leems to 
 ftrain too hard, when he endeavours to make 
 the name of this place favour his conjecture, 
 which he grounds upon Mela, that the Turks 
 were the fame nation with the Tyrfageta and 
 the reft of the Goths, from whom our Ance- 
 ftors were defeended : Unlefs tins were coun- 
 tenanc’d by fome peculiar palTage in hiftory, 
 there is nothing but the bare fimilitude of 
 names ; and that too can contribute nothing, 
 if Mr. Somner’s opinion may be taken, who 
 derives it from epoge, a cockboat, and ige an 
 ifland. Two miles weft from Lincoln, is Y^^Z-Skelling- 
 lingthorpe, the Lordfhip whereof (of great *va-Jor^. 
 lue) was t bequeath’d to Chrift’s-Hofpital in 
 London by the Lord of it, Henry Stone. ^ This| 26. 
 worthy perfon gave alfo, along with it, his 1693. 
 whole llperibnal eftate to the fame pious ufe.l 1| 4.000 k 
 At the joyning of the Dike to Witham, 
 ftands the Metropolis of this County, call’d by 
 Ptolemy and Antoninus Lindum, by the Bri- Lindum. 
 tains Lindcoit from the woods ( inftead of 
 which it is in fome places fallely written Luit- 
 coify) Bede calls it Lin^ecoUinum, ^and the city Lincoln^ 
 Lindecollina, but whether from it’s fituation on 
 a hill, or becaufe it was formerly a Colony, I 
 will not undertake to determin ^ the Saxons 
 call’d it Lmbo-collyne, and Linb-cyilanceaj"- 
 cep, the Normans Nichol, we Lincoln, the La- 
 tins Lincolnia. From whence Alexander Ns” 
 cham in his Treatife de Divina Sapientia : 
 
 Lindifta columen Lincolnia, Jive columna, 
 Munifica joelix gente, repku bonis. 
 Bbb b 
 
 Her 
 

 GO RIT AN L 
 
 564 
 
 Her pillar thee, great Lincoln^ Lindfey owns, 
 
 FamM for thy ftore of goods, and bounteous 
 fons. 
 
 + Fol 2 h Twyne, in his f Breviary of Britain^ fays, 
 
 ^ ’he has obfervM the name Nichol many times 
 
 in ancient Charters, and in the Records of the 
 Earls thereof, written in the French tongue. 
 And even as low as Edward the fourth’s time, 
 Pag. 141. William Caxton, in his Chronicle j calls it Ni- 
 255. chol?[ Others believe, it had its name from 
 the river Witbam, which, fay they, was for- 
 merly called Lindu i but for that they have no 
 authority. For my part, I cannot agree with 
 them ; for Necham himfelf, W'ho wrote * five 
 *Foury C. hundred years ago, calls this river, Witham, in 
 the following verfesj 
 
 T’renta tibi pifces mittit, Lincolnta^ fed te 
 Nec dedignerisy Withama parvm adit. 
 
 "Trenty Lincoluy fends the fifh that load thy 
 halls, 
 
 And little Witbam creeps along thy walls, 
 
 And waits on thee himfelf : ah 1 be not 
 proud, 
 
 Nor fcorn the vifit of the humble flood. 
 
 I fhould rather derive it from the Britifh word 
 Lhiriy which with them fignifies a Lake ; for I 
 was inform’d by the citizens, that formerly 
 the Witham has been wider at Svionpole below 
 the city ; akho' at this day it is pretty broad. 
 I need take no notice of Lindav) in Germany 
 (handing by the Lake Acroniw,) nor of Linter- 
 num in Italy, fituated upon a Lake ; fince "faU- 
 bifiy Glan-‘lhiriy Linlithque, are towns in Britairiy 
 ftanding upon Lakes. The City is very large 
 and noted ; built on the fide of a hill, where 
 the Witham winds about to the Eaft, and, be- 
 ing divided into three final! chanels, watereth 
 the low'er part ot it. That the ancient Lindum 
 of the Britains flood on the very top of the 
 hill, which is of very difficult afcent, and 
 ran much farther in length northward than the 
 gate, Nev)port i is evident, by the plain marks 
 of a rampire and deep ditches remaining to 
 Iiiner. p. 2i. day. fLeland fays, that beyond old Lin- 
 coln, much money was found in the north- 
 fields y and I know not any one who removes 
 Lindu?n from hence, except Talbot, who fixes 
 it at Lenton in Nottinghamfhire j which opi- 
 nion is confider’d in it’s proper place .1 Vor~ 
 timery that warlike Britain, who had fo often 
 worked the Saxons, dy’d in this City^, and was 
 here inter’d, altho’ he left commands to the 
 contrary : For he (as it is related by Ninnius, 
 the difciple of Eluodugus) hop'd and believ’d, 
 that, flike Scipio’s,! his Ghoft would defend 
 Britain from tlie Saxons, if he fhould be bu- 
 ry 'd on the Sea-fhorc. But the Saxons, after 
 they had demolifh’d this old Lindunty firft in- 
 habited the South-fide of the hill, and fortified 
 it with the ruins of the former town ; then, 
 they w'ent dowm to the river, and built in a 
 place call’d Wickanfordey and Wall’d it where 
 it was not guarded by the water. fOf this 
 Itiner. p. is that Leland tells us, he heard fay, that 
 the lower part of Lincoln was all marifh, and 
 won by policy, and inhabited for the conve- 
 nience of the water hard by j that in it he 
 faw eleven Parochial Churches, befides one in 
 ruins ; and that the fVbite-Friers was on the 
 weft fide of the Higlj-ftreet here.] The Saxons 
 Bede. being feated here, Paulinus, as Bede affirms, 
 preach'd the “word of God in the Province of Linde- 
 fey, and firfi of all converted the Governour of the 
 
 city Lindcolnia ( vjbofe name luas Blecca) with his 
 yamily. He alfo built in this city a curious Church 
 of fione, the roof whereof is either fall'n down for 
 want oj repairingy or beaten down by fame enemy ; 
 but the walls are in great meqfure /landing. After- 
 wards, the Danes won it tw’ice by affault ; 
 firfl, when thofe pillaging Troops took it, out 
 of whofe hands Edmund Ironjide recover’d it by 
 force j fecondly, when Canutus took it, from 
 whom it was retaken by ^thelred, who, on 
 his return out of Normandy, valiantly drove 
 Canutus out of this town, and bej^ond all ex- 
 peftation recover’d England, when it was well- 
 nigh loft. In Edward the Confeffor’s reign, 
 there were in it, as it is fet down in Domef- 
 day-book, one thoufand and feventy manfions inha- 
 bitedy and twelve Lagemen having Sac and Soc. In 
 the Norman times’, as Malmsbury relates, it 
 was one of the more populous cities of Englandy and 
 a mart for all goods coming by land and water j fop 
 at that time, there were tax’d in it ( as it is 
 in the faid Domefday-book,) Nine hundred Bur- 
 geffes y and many dwelling-houfesy to the number of 
 one hundred Jixty and fix, were defiroy d for the 
 caflle, with feventy four more without the limits of 
 the caftky mt by the oppreffion of the Sheriff and 
 his f/EnifierSy but by misfortune, poverty, and fire, 
 
 William the firfl, to flrengtben it and to keep 
 the citizens in awe, buik a very large and 
 ftrong Caflle on the ridge of the hill , and, 
 about the fame time, Kemigim Bifliop of Dor- 
 chefter, for a further ornament, transfer’d his 
 See hither from Dorchefter, a little town in the 
 furtheft part of his Diocefe. And when the 
 Church which h.ad been ere<fled by Paulinus, was 
 decay’d and fal’n, Tfibe aforefaid Remigius bought 
 certain Lands in the very highefl part of the city 
 near the Cafile, which overtops all ( as Henry of 
 Huntingdon notes) with its mighty towers, and 
 built in a firong place a firmg and fine Church, de- 
 dicated to the Virgin Mary, and endow'd it with 
 forty fow rebends ; at which the Archbiihop 
 of York was much offended, fir he claimed the 
 Jurifdidion of the Place; T'his Church being dif- 
 figured by fire, was afterwards repair d (as the 
 faid Henry mentions) with very great ptrfiSlion 
 in point of workmanfhip, by Alexander that muni- 
 ficent Bifhop of Lincoln, of whom the fore- 
 faid William of Malmsbury fpeaks thus ; See- 
 ing he was holed on as a prodigy for the fmallnefi of 
 his Body, his mind firove to excel and to make the 
 greater Figure : And among other things, a Poet 
 of that age wrote thus ; ^ 
 
 dare feftinans gratis, ne danda rogert- 
 tur, 
 
 Quod nondum dederat, nondum fe credit ha- 
 bere. 
 
 Still with frank gifts preventing each re- 
 quefl. 
 
 What is not yet beftow’d he thinks not yet 
 poflefs’d. 
 
 And not only thefe two, but Robert Bloet, 
 who was predeceflbr to Alexander, and R. de 
 BeaumeiSy Hugo Burgundta, and their fucceffors, 
 contributed to bring this work (which was too 
 much for one Bifhop) to its prefent ftate and 
 grandeur. The whole pile is not only very 
 fumptuQUS, but very beautiful, and rais’d with 
 exquifite art j efpecially, that f porch on ^ propfiaum. 
 Weft-end, which attraifls and delights the Be-^ 
 holder’s eye. Although there be feveral Tombs 
 of Biftiops and others, in this Church, yet the 
 only ones to be taken notice of here, are, that 
 of brafs in which the Entrails of the moft excel- 
 lent Queen Eleanor, wife to Edward the firft, 
 
 are 
 
565 
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE. 
 
 are inter d ; and thit o( Nicholas de Camlupo, 
 with one or two belonging to the timily of 
 Burgherjh ; alfo, that of Katharine Suiinford, 
 third wife to John of Gaunt Duke of Lanca- 
 fter, and mother of the doMie;Jet“family with 
 whom lies buried her daughter ^om, fecond 
 ■wife to Ralph Ne-viU the firll Earl of Weftmor- 
 land, who made her husband happy in a nu- 
 merous ilTue. 
 
 The Diocefe of the Bifhops of Lincoln (of 
 far gt-eater extent, than that of the Bifhops of 
 Sidnacefter, who in the primitive Saxon-Church 
 Preiided in this County, ') contain’d under it 
 fo many Counties, that it funk under it’s own 
 weight : and although Henry 2. took out of it 
 the Diocefe of Ely, and Henry the eighth thofe 
 of Peterborough and Oxford, yet it is ilill ac- 
 counted the largeft Bilhoprick in England, 
 both in jurifdiftion and the number of fhires, and 
 contains no lefs than one thoufand two hundred 
 forty feven Parifh-Churches. Many excellent 
 Biihops have govern’d this See, fince kemigiusj 
 but it is befide my defign to enumerate them: 
 And therefore I make no mention of Robert 
 Bloetj on whom William Rufus fet an amer- 
 cement of fifty thoufand pounds, alledging 
 Hoved«n Bifhop’s title to the city of Lincoln 
 
 was invalid ; nor, of that generous Alexander, 
 who was fo extravagantly fond of prodigious 
 buildings i nor yet of Hu^o Burgundm, who be- 
 ing canoniz’d, had his corps carry ’d to the 
 grave, on the fhoulders of King John and his 
 Nobles ; out of refpebi and duty ( as my Author 
 fays) to Gad, and the faint^ Prelate. I muft 
 not however omit to mention two perfons, 
 He died Robert Grofiefl, a much better Scholar 
 
 ,233, ’ and Linguift than could be expeded from the 
 Matth. Paris, age he liv’d in ; an awful Reprover of the Pope-, 
 andananony-^ Monitor to the King, a Lover (f T'ruth, a Cor- 
 mous 1 on Prelates, a Direllor of Priejls, an Infiru- 
 
 Hor of the Clergy, a Maintainer of Scholars, a 
 Preacher to the People, and a diligent Searcher of 
 Scripture, a Mallet to the Romanics, &c. The 
 other is the Right reverend Father 'thomoA 
 Cooper, who hath highly deferved of the Com- 
 mon-wealth of Learning, and of the Church j 
 and whom I am bound in particular to ho- 
 nour, as the Maher in whofe School I muft 
 gratefully own I had my education. The Ci- 
 ty it felf alfo flourifh.’d for a long time, be- 
 The Staple, ing made by Edward the third a Staple or 
 Mart, for Wool, Leather, Lead, eb'e. Though 
 • it has not undergone any lafting or fatal Ca- 
 
 lamities 3 yet it has been once burnt ; once 
 befieged, but in vain, by King Stephen, who 
 was there overthrow'll, and made a prifoner ; 
 and once taken by Henry 3, when it was held 
 againft him by his rebellious Barons, who had 
 called-in Lewis of France, to take upon him 
 the Government of England. However, it did 
 not fufter much damage. Since that, it is 
 incredible how it hath funk by degrees under 
 the weight of Time ; for of fifty Churches 
 *So faid, that were remember’d in it by our *grandfa- 
 ann. i6o7.thers [(Lelaiid fays, in his time, there was a 
 I Ann. 1607. ^^*^7 ^wo ; )1 there are f now fcarce 
 
 Now,*many eighteen remaining j f(to which number they 
 iLiinous. were reduced by Ad of Parliament, in the 
 fStat.a Ed. I reign of Edw'ard the fixth.)l It is ( that I 
 ’ ' may alfo add this) fifty three degrees and 
 
 twelve minutes in Latitude, and twenty two 
 degrees and fifty two minutes in Longitude. 
 
 As that famous Roman high-way leads di- 
 High-dikc. redly from Stanford to Lincoln ; fo from hence 
 it goes Northward in a high and {freight, 
 but yet here and there difeontinued, Caufey, 
 for about ten miles, to a little Village call’d 
 
 565 
 
 The SptttU m the firm ; and further, Tto Phil. Tranf. 
 /wto, where ( as alfo a mile beyond, to the^* 263* 
 north) are to be feen the foundations of Ro- Hiberllovr. 
 man Buildings, with Tiles, Coins, and other 
 marks of Antiquity ; then through Scawby- 
 wood,hy (where have been found Ro- 
 
 Bricks, || and abundance of pe- |l PblLTranf. 
 trity d Shells, fome with the FiOi in them 665. 
 and, near it, a petrifying Spring j) then, 
 
 Uirough Applehy-lane ; and at fome little di- 
 ftance from Roxby and iVintenon ( at the for- 
 mer of which was lately difeovered a Roman 
 Pavement, of Brick, Slate, and Cauk, fet in 
 curious figures and order j as at mntemn-Cliff, Wlnterton- 
 have been Roman Buildings and at Alkbur-Cm 
 row, two miles to the weft, there is ftill a fmallAlkburrow. 
 fquare-camp or entrenchment : ) Then, the 
 way (leaving IVintringham about half a mile) 
 goes to the Humber. It is called all along 
 by the Country-People, The High-Street, be- 
 ing caft-up to a great height, and fome feven 
 yards broad.1 
 
 About three miles from Lincoln, I obferv’d 
 another military high-way, call’d OuldHreet, go-Ouldflreet. 
 ing out of this with a plain ridge to the weft. 
 
 I fuppofe, it is that which led to Agelocum the 
 next garrifon to Lindiim. But I will follow the 
 road that I am in. 
 
 The Witham being now paft Lincoln, runs 
 Ton one hand, at fome diftance from iVo^o«, No fton. 
 formerly a Religious Houfe, where is a very 
 beautiful feat built by Sir miliarn Ellys and', 
 on the other hand, at about the fame diftance,*] 
 by Wragbye, a member of a Barony call’d 
 Trufbutt i the tide to which was convey’d by Barons of 
 the Barons of Rods, to the Mannours now 
 t Dukes of Rutland [Here, Sir Edmund^ Earls, C. 
 turner founded an Hofpital for Clergy- 
 men’s Widows and others, in the year 1697 j 
 and here, in idyd. a woman brought forth a 
 male-child with two heads, which liv’d fome 
 hours :1 After, it fees the old ruin’d walls of 
 Beapdena, or Peartaneu, commonly call’d Bardr-Qj^^^j^^y^ 
 ney, heretofore a famous Monaftery ‘, where 
 (as Bede writes ) King Ofwald was inter’d, 
 and had a banner of gold and purple over Banner, 
 his tomb. The Hiftorians of the foregoing 
 ages, did not account it enough to extol this 
 moft Chriftian Hero Ofwald, unlefs to his 
 glorious exploits they added ridiculous mira- 
 cles ; all which I induftrioufly omit. But that 
 his Hand remained here, uncorrupted, for 
 many hundred years, our anceftors believ’d, 
 and a very ancient Poet has told us : 
 
 Nuh vermeperit, nuUa putredine tabet 
 
 Dextra viri, nuUo confiringi frigore, nullo 
 
 Dijfolvi fervore potefl, fedfmper sodem 
 
 Immutata ftatu.perjijiit, mortua vivit. 
 
 Secure from 
 
 rottennefs ap- 
 ; nor cold nor heat it 
 
 worm and 
 
 pears 
 
 The wondrous hand j 
 fears. 
 
 Nor e’re diffolv’d with cold or parch’d witli 
 heat. 
 
 Lives after death, and keeps it’s former 
 ftate. 
 
 This Monaftery, as Petrus Blefenjis writes, Appendix to 
 beingformerly burnt down by the fury of the Danes 
 and for many years together not inhabited-, Gilbert 
 de Gaunt the noble and devout Earl of Lincoln re- 
 built it, and very bountifully annex’d to it the tithes 
 of aU bis manours, wherefoever they were, in En- 
 gland, hefdes many other pojfejftons. Afterwards, 
 
 Witham is cncreas’d by the little river Ban, 
 
 >shidi 
 
5^7 
 
 CORITANI. 
 
 568 
 
 which riling in the middle of Lindfey fnot far 
 from Ludfordy in the fields whereof Roman 
 Coins are frequently pIougIied-up,l runs firft 
 Horne-callle. by Hornecafiky I'ometime belonging to Adeliza de 
 Condey but laid even with the ground in King 
 Stephen’s reign : after that, it was a Barony 
 of Gerard de Rodes, but now of the Bifhops 
 of Carliflej fand a Market-town of good note. 
 This evidently appears to have been a Camp 
 or Station of the Romans 1 as from the Caftle 
 which is Roman work, fo alfo from the Ro- 
 man coins j feveral whereof were found there 
 in the time of King Charles the firH:, and fome 
 they meet with at this day (though not fo com- 
 monly) in the field adjoyning. The corapafs 
 of the Caftle was about twenty Acres, which 
 is yet plainly difcernible, by the foundation of 
 the whole, and by fome part of the wall ftill 
 ftanding. It is a Seigmry or Soke of thirteen 
 Lordftiips ; and was given by King Richard 
 the fecond, to the Biftiop of Carlifle and his 
 Succeflbrs, for his habitation and maintenance j 
 when, by the frequent incurlions of the Scots, 
 he was driven from his caftle of Rofe in Cum- 
 berland, and fpoil’d of his revenues. Three 
 Winceby. miles South-eaft from hence is Wtncebyy where 
 + o[lob. 5. was a t battle fought between King Charles 
 the firft and the Parliament j (the forces of 
 the King commanded by Colonel Henderfon and 
 the Lord WiddringtOtty and thofe of the Par- 
 liament by Colonel CronvweU : ) The fight 
 fcarce lafted an hour, and. the Viftory fell to 
 the Parliament.! Then, Witham runs by Serh 
 Dimock, ’^elby a manour of the Dimocksy who had it by 
 Inq 23 E. 3.defcent from the Mamionsy by Ludkviy and 
 R-ing’s ^ jj. yy fervice of grand Serjeanty ( as the 
 
 Finer Lawyer’s term it,) viz., that lahenfoever any King 
 An. I England is to be crown dy the Lord of this ma~ 
 
 mur for the time heingy or fome in his name if he 
 be unabhy /hall come well arrndy upon a good war- 
 horfcy into the prejence of our Lord the Kingy on the 
 day of his Coronationy and Jhall caufe it to be pro- 
 claimed, T'hat if any one Jhall fay that our faid 
 Lord the King has not a right to his Crown and 
 Kingdom, he is ready to defend with his body, the 
 right of the King and Kingdom, and the digriity of his 
 Crown, againjl him andaU others whatfoever. The 
 Tattclhall. Ban, a little lower at ‘fattejhall ( a fmall town 
 pretty commodioufly fituated, though in a mar- 
 fliy Country ; noted for a Caftle built for the 
 moft part of brick, and for it’s Barons,) runs 
 into the Witham. It is related, that Eudo and 
 Pinfoy Norman Noblemen, having enter’d into 
 a ftrift friendfhip, had by the bounty of Wil- 
 liam the firft, large polTeflions given them in 
 thefe parts, which they divided : and T'attefhaU 
 fell to Eudoy who held it by Barony from 
 whofe pofterity it came, by Dryby and the 
 Cromwell. Bernakes, to Ralph de Cromwell, whofe fon of 
 the fame name was Lord Treafurer of En- 
 gland in Henry the fixth’s reign, and died 
 without ifl'ue. ' fin the front of the caftle, not 
 long fince, were to be feen the Anns of the 
 Cromwells, the ancient Lords of it. It after- 
 wards came to be one of the feats of the Clin- 
 tons, Earls of Lincoln ; befides another at Sem- 
 pingham, which is alfo mentioned in this 
 Eresby. County.! And in the faid divifion, Eresby, 
 which is not far oft, fell to Pinfo ; from whofe 
 children the Eftate came by the Bekes to the 
 Willoughbies, who had very large Acceffions by 
 
 marriages, not only from the Uffords, Earls of 
 Lords Welles, Suffolk, but alfo from the Lords de Welles, from 
 whom they had the great eftate of the de Engains, 
 ® ’ an ancient noble family, and which was ol 
 
 great power in this County from the firft co- 
 ing-in of the Normans. The moft eminent of 
 thofe Willoughbies, was Robert Willoughby in 
 
 Henry the fifth’s reign, who for his great cou- 
 rage and bravery, was made Earl of Vandofme 
 in France. From thefe, by the mother’s fide, 
 defeended Peregrine Berty, Baron Willoughby of 
 Eresby, a perfon famous for his great foul and 
 warlike gallantry. FAccordingly, this place gives 
 the title of Baron, to the Marquifsof Lindfey {the: 
 third divifion of this County) who hath alfo 
 a Seat here. The firft that enjoy’d the title 
 of Lindfey (under the name of Ear/,) "was Robert 
 Lord WiUoughhy of Eresby, created Nov. 22. 
 in the fecond year of K. Charles the firft. He 
 was fon to that Peregrine Berty, whom Catharine 
 Baronefs of Willoughby and Dutcheft of Suf- 
 folk bore to Richard Berty, while they made 
 their efcape into foreign parts in Queen Ma- 
 ry’s perfecution. He was call’d Peregrine, eo 
 quod in terra peregrina pro confolatione exilii fui 
 piis parentibpn d Domino donatus Jit (as the pub- 
 lick Regifter of Wefel in the Dutchy of Cleve, 
 where he was born, expreffes it) i. e. becaufe 
 in a ftrange land he was bejiowed by God on his 
 piom Parents, for their comfort in an exiled State. 
 
 At the requeft of the honourable Charles Berty 
 (Envoy extraordinary to the Eleftors and other 
 Princes of Germany) in his paifage through 
 that City, the Burgomafters, Aldermen, and 
 Counfellors, took a copy of the evidences of 
 his Birth and Chriftening, as they found it in 
 their Regifter, and prefented it to him under 
 the common Seal of the City. This Robert the 
 firft Earl, Lord Great Chamberlain of En- 
 gland, was fucceeded by his fon and heir 
 Mountague (who, upon the reftoration of King 
 Charles the fecond, was made Knight of the 
 Garter,) and dying in the year 1 666. was fuc- 
 ceeded by Robert his eldeft fon. Which Ro- 
 bert, marrying Eliz.abeth daughter to Philip Lord 
 Wharton, had by her Robert his eldeft fon who 
 hath been advanced to the more honourable 
 Titles of Marquifs of Lindfey, and Duke of 
 Ancafter.! 
 
 Witham, being now nigh the Sea, receives 
 out of the north another namelefs little river, 
 
 [near the head of which ftands Hareby, eminentHarebyJ 
 for the death of Queen Eleanor, wife to King 
 Edward the firft, who being convey’d from 
 thence to Weftminfter, had Croffes erefted to 
 her memory in feveral noted places. This is 
 the more neceflary to be obferv’d, becaufe 
 our Chronicles tell us, fhe dy’d at a place call’d 
 Hardly, and without giving us any hint where it 
 ftands.! At the head of the fameriver,in a veryLib. Stanlow, 
 low ground, lies BoUingbroke-Caftle, built by Boiling- 
 William de Romara Earl of Lincoln, of a brit-broke-CaflIe* 
 tie fandy ftone ', and taken from Alice Lacy 
 by Edward the fecond, for marrying againft 
 his will : It is famous for the birth of Henry 
 the fourth, who from it had the name of Hen- 
 ry de BoUingbroke } in whofe time it began to 
 be accounted one of thofe manours, call’d A^s-Honours^ 
 nows. rOf this place, Oliver Lord St. John of 
 Eletfo was created Earl, 22 Jac. i. Dec. 28. 
 and was fucceeded by his grandfon Oliver St., 
 
 John by Pawlet his fecond fon ( Oliver Lord 
 St. Jolm the eldeft, being flain at Edge-hill- 
 fight : ) who dying without ifl'ue, the title 
 defeended to his brother and heir, Pawlet St. 
 
 John and he alfo dying without ifl'ue, the 
 title became extinft ; and that of j/ifeount Bo- 
 lingbroke was confer’d by Queen Anne upon 
 Henry St. John, who hath fince forfeited it by 
 Attainder.! 
 
 The Witham, having receiv’d this river, 
 difeharges it felf into the fea (as we have faid) 
 below Eoflon. 
 
 From the mouth of Witham, as far as the 
 frith of Humber, the ftiore runs out, with a 
 
 large 
 
o 
 
 5 '9 
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE. 
 
 570 
 
 Alford. 
 
 Barons 
 
 Welles. 
 
 large winding, into the German Ocean, and 
 is chop’d all along by little arms of the fea. 
 It has but few towns, becaufe there are but few 
 harbours, and many fhelves of fand along the 
 fhore. Yet fome of them are remarkable, par- 
 Wainfleet. ticularly IValnfieet, as being the birth place of 
 William IVainfleet Bifhop of Wincliefler, foun- 
 der of Magdalen-College in Oxford, and a 
 great Patron of learning i fof whofe Father, a 
 tair Monument of Alaballer doth ftill remain 
 in the Church here.l Next, Alford^ memora- 
 ble for its Market, for which it iS beholden to 
 Leon Lord J-Velles, who obtain’d that privilege 
 of Henry the lixth. This family of JVelles'W&s 
 very ancient and honourable : the laft of whom 
 marry’d King Edward the fourth’s daughter, 
 and was made Vifeount Welles by King Henry 
 the feventh ; but he dying without iilue, the 
 inheritance came by females to the Willoughbies^ 
 Loutli. Dimdeks, De la launds. Hois, &c. Then Louth, 
 *A little, C.* a market-town of good refort, which takes its 
 name from Lud, a rivulet that runs by Cocke- 
 rington, heretofore the head of the Barony 
 of Scoteney. l^Louth is a Town-Corporate, and 
 has a Free-fehool founded by Edward the 
 fixth, and a Church of a fair and large fa- 
 brick, with a beautiful Steeple, the higheft in 
 Grimsby, the County.l And lafily, Grimsby, which our 
 Eulogium. Sabines, lovers of their own conceits, will have 
 fo call’d from one Grime a Merchant, who 
 brought up a little child of the Danifh blood- 
 royal (nam’d Havelock') that had been expos’d j 
 for which he is much talk’d of, as is alfo Haveloc 
 his Pupil, who was firft a Scullion in the King’s 
 kitchen, but afterwards for his eminent valour 
 had the honour to marry the King’s daughter. 
 He perform’d I know not what wonderful ex- 
 ploits 5 which are very proper Entertainment 
 for tattling goffips in a winter night. CAt 
 this Grimesby were formerly three Religious- 
 houfes, i. e. one Nunnery, and two Monafte- 
 ries : and not far from the fame coaft, between 
 Salfletby. Salfiet-haven and Louth, is Salfietby, memorable 
 for its late Minifter, Mr. ^^ohn Watfon, who 
 was incumbent feventy four years j during which 
 time (as he himfelf reported iG he buried the 
 Inhabitants three times over, fave three 
 four perfons ; and dy’d Aug. being one 
 
 hundred and tw o years old.'l 
 
 Scarce fix miles from hence, and further up 
 Caflor. in the Country, is the ancient cafUe call’d Ca- 
 Thong caltle. in Saxon Duang-capeep and T'bong-cajier- 
 in Britifh Caer-Egarry j in both languages ta- 
 king it’s name from the thing, vi-z^. from a 
 hide cut in pieces ; as Byrfa, the famous Car- 
 thaginian caftle, did. For our Annals fay, that 
 
 Hengifi the Saxon, having conquer’d the Pifts 
 and Scots, and got very , large poflefiions in 
 other places, beg’d of Vonigern as much ground 
 in this place as he could encompafs with an 
 Ox’s hide cut in very fmall ‘thongs-, upon which 
 he built this caftle. Whence, one who has writ 
 a Breviary of the Britifh Hiftory in verfe, tranf- 
 pos’d Virgil’s Verfes in this manner, 
 
 Accepitque folum faBi de nomine thon~ 
 gum, 
 
 taurino quantum poterat circundare tergo. 
 
 Took, and call’d thong, in memory of the 
 deed, 
 
 The ground he eompafs’d with an Ox’s 
 hide. 
 
 . Byrfa. 
 
 TBorefway. TNot far from this Caftle, is thorefway, from 
 V'hich place, Sir John Colepeper, in the reign 
 ©f King Charles the firft, had confer’d upon 
 
 him the title of Lord Colepeper of thorefway j in 
 whofe pofterity it ftill remains.l ' 
 
 From Grimesby, the fhore draws in, with a 
 great winding (to make the zeftuary Aim or 
 Htmherf) by tbornton, heretofore a College for Thornton.: 
 divine worftiip, founded by William College.; 
 
 Earl of Albemarle, fthe remains of which, are 
 
 ftill very magnificent 5 1 and hy Barton, where Barton upon 
 
 is a famous Ferry into the County of York, 
 
 Near this, is Ankam, a little muddy river 
 
 (and for that reafon full of Eels,) which runs 
 
 into the Humber. Near the head of it ftands 
 
 Market-Rajin, fo call’d from a pretty throng Market.Ra* 
 
 Market there. fAt a little diftance from which, 
 
 it leaves Oumby, where, in the fields joining toOutnby.: 
 
 the great road between Hull and Stamford, there 
 
 have been plough’d-up brafs and filver Coins, 
 
 with the figure of Rome on one fide and this 
 
 Infcription, Urbs Roma and on the reverfej 
 
 Pax & tranquHlitcu.l On the other fide of 
 
 the Ankam, ftands Angotby fotherwife Offegobby, 
 
 and Ofgotebyf, now corruptly OsgoSy, belonging ofgodby.' 
 
 heretofore to the family of .S’. Medard, from 
 
 whom the Airmoines liad it by inheritance | ; f Dugiale 
 
 and Kelfay, w'hich was fometime the eftate^^y®* 
 
 of the Hanfards, a very eminent frmily in 
 
 County ; from whom it came to the Afheonghs in this Coun- 
 
 Knights, by marriage. Afterwards, the An- ty. 
 
 kam has a bridge over it at G/W/^rd, a little 
 
 market-town, h'ery ancient,] and call’d byg^.?" ^ * 
 
 the common people from the bridge, tht 
 
 true name being almoft quite forgotten. Near 
 
 this town, within a Park, is Kettleby, the f feat Kettleby. 
 
 of the famous family of the Knights, + Ann, 1607, 
 
 fwho now refide at Stanfieldf but, formerly,Tirwhitts, 
 
 the dwelling-place of one KeteU, as the name 
 
 intimates ; which was a very common one a- 
 
 mong the Danes and Saxons. For, in Saxon, 
 
 Bye fignifies an habitation, and Byan to in- 
 habit ; which is the reafon why fo many pla- 
 ces all over England, and eipecially in this Coun- 
 ty, end in Bye. fA little lower, ftands Worlaby,-Qye, 
 from which place, in the of K. Charles Worlaby. 
 the firft, jfo/jK Bellafis was created Lord Bellafis 
 of WorlabyI\ 
 
 This Country is at certain feafons fo ftock’d 
 with fowl (to fay nothing of fifti) that their 
 numbers are anvizing ; and thofe, not the known 
 ones, of greateft value in other Countries, 
 
 Teal, Quails, Woodcocks, Pheafant, Partridge, Birds.’ 
 
 &c. but fuch as no other language has names 
 for, and are fo delicate and agreeable, that the 
 niceft palates and richeft purfes greatly covet 
 them, viz. Puittes, Godwitts, Knotts, that is, as 
 I take it, Camtuss birds, for they are believ’d 
 to come hither out of Denmark j and Doffere//^,Dottcrells,’ 
 fo call’d from their dotifh fillinefs ; for the 
 mimick birds are caught at candle-light by 
 the geftures of the Fowler if he ftretch out, 
 his arm, they ftretch out their wing ; if he 
 hold out his leg, they do the fame to be 
 ftiort, whatever the fowler does they do after 
 him, till at laft they let the net be drawn over 
 them. But thefe things are more proper for 
 the obfervation of the Virtuof., or Epicureans. 
 
 More weftward, the river trent (after a long 
 courfe, and when it has bounded this Coun- 
 ty with its fandy banks, from the Fojfe-dike) 
 falls into the Humber having firft run pretty 
 near Stow, where Godiva Earl Leof rick’s wife. Stow, 
 built a Monaftery, which, by reafon of its 
 low fituation tinder the hills, is laid by Henry of 
 Huntingdon to lie under the Promontory of Lincoln. 
 
 [The Church here is a large building in the 
 form of a crofs^ and very ancient. It was 
 founded by Eadnoth, Bilhop of Dorchefler in 
 Oxfordfhire, before the See was remov’d to 
 G c c c Lincoln 5 
 
CORITJNL 
 
 572 
 
 Lincoln ; and rebuilt by Remigius, the lirft; 
 Vid. infra, Bifliop of Lincoln ; * and alfo was afterwards 
 Sidnacetter. made a Biftiop’s feat, but there is little of 
 the ancient ruins now to be feen. Near 
 the Church, ftood an Abbey, where (after the 
 removal of the Monks by Rol^ert Bket, the 
 fucceeding Bifhop, to Eynfbam-Ahhey, near 
 Oxford,) was the feat of an ancient family de 
 Burgh i the native place of Sir ^ohn Borough, a 
 valiant Knight, who ferved under the Duke 
 of Buckingham, and was flain at the Ifle of 
 Kbee. In the parifh of Sto-w, is a village call’d 
 Stretton. Strettoriy from the old caufey running that 
 way, as if one fhould fay the Street-town : and 
 in a field belonging to that place, are a great 
 Ophites, many Of bites, or ftones roll’d up like fer- 
 pents.l 
 
 Then the Trent runs by Knath, ] the feat of 
 t the the Lord Willoughby of Parham and before that, 
 Sat, C. of the Barons of Darcy, who had a great ac- 
 cefiion of honour and eftate by the daughter 
 and heir of Meinill. This family of the Dar- 
 11 Ami^uiori. cies came from \\ one more ancient, to wit, 
 Darcy dc JSforman de Adrecy or Darcy oi NoBon, who was 
 Nofton high efteem under Henry the third. His 
 
 pofterity endow’d the little Monafiery at Al- 
 ’oingham, in this County. But this honour was 
 in a manner extinftj when Norman, the laft of 
 pj the right and more ancient line, left only two 
 Fines 29 • marry’d to Roger Penwardin, the 
 
 other to Peter de Limherg. 
 
 Gainsborrow. Afterwards, the Trent runs to Gainsborow, a 
 f Little t town, fwhich hath a large and fine market, 
 Town, C. and is the moft flourilhing in the whole Coun- 
 ty for Trade and Bufinefs which have much 
 encreafed of late years, to the detriment of 
 Bofion, and even of Hull it felf. It was here- 
 tofore! famous for being the harbour of the 
 Daniih fhips, and for the death of Sueno T'iugs- 
 kege, a Danifh Tyrant 5 who when he had pil- 
 lag’d the Country, as Matthew Weftminfter 
 writes, was here ftab’d by an unknown hand, 
 and fo at laft fuffer’d the punifhment that was 
 .juftly due to his wickednefs. [Leland fays, 
 
 ’ that upon the South-part of the town was an 
 old Chapel of ftone, wherein the inhabitants 
 reported, that many Danes were bury’d j and 
 that there were alfo the remains of another 
 Chapel of wood on the fide of the Trent, quite 
 demolifh’d.l Some ages after the Danes, it 
 was the Pofieffion of William de Vakntia Earl 
 of Pembroke, who obtain’d for it, of Edward 
 the firft, the privilege of a Fair. The Barons 
 Barons of of Borough who dwelt here (of whom we have 
 Borough, fpoken before, in Surrey) did defeend from 
 this Earl, by the Scotch Earls of Athol, and 
 the Percies, fin the year i<582, Edward Noel, 
 Lord Noel of Ridlington and Vifeount Camp- 
 den, had confer’d upon him the additional ti- 
 tle of Earl of Gainsburrow j in which honour 
 he was fucceeded by Wriothejley Baftifi his fon j 
 who dying without ilfue-male, the title pafs’d 
 to his Coufin-german, Baptiji, the prefent 
 Earl. 
 
 A little above Gainsburrow, through the end 
 Martott. of a town call’d Marton, a Roman way goes 
 into this County. It comes from Danum, i. e. 
 Doncajier, to Agelocum, or Littleburrow, from 
 whence it goes to Lindum, Lincoln. It 
 great road for pack-horfes, which travel from 
 the weft of Yorkfhire, to Lincoln, Lyn, and Not- 
 with. A quarter of a mile from Marton above- 
 mention’d, there are yet remaining two or 
 three confiderable pieces of Roman pavement 
 or caufey, which may be eafily obferv’d by 
 travellers of curiofity. I 
 
 In this part of the County ftood formerly 
 Sidnacefter. the city SidnacefierfOViZQ the feat of theBifllopsof 
 
 thofe Parts, who were call’d Bilhops of the Lin- 
 diftari ; but this is now fo entirely gone, that 
 ' neither ruins nor name are «in being. [ They 
 who have been for fetling it at Stow, Jiave ar- 
 gu’d thus : That the See now at Lincoln, was 
 once at Dorchejlemeat Oxford, is agreed by alh 
 that likewife Eadhed was made Bifliop of 
 nacefler in the year dyS : and that he was fuc- 
 ceeded by feveral other Bifliops under the fame 
 title, is as plain. But after Eadulf’s death, 
 when it had been vacant about eighty years, 
 it was by Leofwin united to Dorchefter, as that 
 of Leicefter had been before. The fixth from 
 Leofwin was Eadnotb, who (as the interme- 
 diate Bifhops had done) enjoy’d the title of 
 Dorchefter, and, under that, of Sidnacefler and 
 Leicefter. This was that Eadnoth, who built 
 the Church of our Lady in Stow, and dy’d 
 Anno 1050. Now, where can we imagine a 
 Bifliop of Suinacefter Ihould fo probably build 
 a Church as at Sidnacefter ? Or whence would 
 he fooner take his pattern or platform, than 
 from his own Cathedral of Dorchefter? Be- 
 tween which, and that of Stow, there is a very 
 near refemblance ; and if they have been fince 
 rebuilt, we may probably conclude that the 
 fame form notwithftanding was ftill kept. The 
 See of Legeceft,er or Leicefter is concluded to have 
 been where St. Margaret’s now ftands and as 
 that is a Peculiar, a Prebend, and an Archdea- 
 conry j fo is Stow too, Befides, the prefent Pri- 
 vileges of this place are greater than any here- 
 abouts, except Lincoln ; and they have for- 
 merly exceeded even that. For that it was fa- 
 mous, before Lincoln was a Bifhop’s See, is 
 beyond difpute^ and it is a common notion in 
 thofe parts, both of learned and unlearned, that 
 Stow was the Mother-Church to Lincoln. The 
 fteeple of the Church (tho’ large,) has been 
 much greater than it is : and Alfrick Puttock 
 Archbifliop of York Anno 1023, when he gave 
 tw’o great Bells to Beverley-fteeple which he had 
 built, and two others of the fame mould to 
 Southwell ', beftow’d two upon this Stow. Here 
 is likewife a place call’d yet by the name of 
 Gallovj-dale, fuppos’d to have been the place of 
 execution for malefaftors which (among other 
 marks of antiquity) tho’ it has no relation to 
 the affairs of the Church, is yet a teftimony of 
 the eminence of the place. But, they own, there 
 is one thing that lies in their way ; for in the 
 * Lives of the Bifhops of Lincoln, written by * Anglia Sai 
 Giraldus, it is faid, that Remigius, removing Part. 2, 
 his See to Lincoln, procur’d all Lyndejie to be^* 
 taken from the Jurifdidion of the Archbifliop 
 of York, and added to that of Canterbury. 
 
 And if all Lindfey belong’d to the Archbifliop 
 of York till Remigius’s time ( who liv’d fince 
 the Conqueft,) the old Sidnacefter, united after- 
 wards to Dorchefter, perhaps cannot be plac’d 
 fo reafonably, within that Divijion. 
 
 If it may, there is alfo another place that 
 may probably enough be thought ofi namely, 
 the Hills above Ley and Gainesburrow, where 
 have been taken-up many pieces of Roman 
 Urns, and many Coins of thofe Emperors ; 
 for the addition of Cefter to the name, makes 
 it highly probable, that Sidnacefter, wherever 
 it may have been, was originally a Station of 
 the Romans. The Caftle-hill, eaftward from 
 Gainsborough-Church, is furrounded with en- 
 trenchments, containing ( as is faid) more 
 than a hundred acres.! 
 
 I muft not omit, that at Melhvood, there 
 t flourifli’d the famous family of St. 
 
 Knights, corruptly call’d Sampoll, which I al-^*- 
 ways thought came from the ancient Caftilion- 
 family of tlie Earls of St. Paul in France j but 
 
 the 
 
 Sc. PauU 
 
573 
 
 LINCOLNSHIRE. 
 
 the Coac ot Arms oF Luxemburgh that they 
 bear, is a proof .that they came out of France, 
 iince the Caftilion family of St. Paul was by 
 _ marriage ingrafted into that of Luxemburgh, 
 
 i Two, C. about f three hundred years ago. 
 
 Above this, the T’rent^ the Uell, and the 
 Dan, fporting with their feveral ftreams (fo 
 Frontinus exprelles it, ) make a river-Ifland, 
 Axelholm. call’d Axelbolme, in Saxon 6axelholme, which 
 is part of Lincolnfliire in length, from fouth 
 to north, ten miles, but not half fo broad. 
 The lower part near the rivers is marfhy, and 
 Gall; produces an odoriferous fhrub, call’d Gall. The 
 middle has a fmall afcent, and is rich and 
 fruitful, yielding flax in great abundance, and 
 Alabafter. alfo Alabafier , which being not very foiid, is 
 more proper for lime and plaifter-work, than 
 for other ufes. The chief town was formerly 
 call’d Axel, now Axey j and of that, and the 
 Saxon word Holme (which with them fignify’d 
 a river-ifland) the name, without queftion, 
 was compounded. It hardly deferves the name 
 of a Town, it is fo thinly inhabited > but 
 there is the platform of a caftle, that was de- 
 inolifli’d in the Barons war, and belong’d to 
 the Movjbrays, who at that time w'ere pof- 
 fefs’d of a great part of the Ifland. In the 
 year 1173 Roger de Movobray (as the Author 
 of an old Chronicle has it) forfaking his alle^ 
 * Henry 2. ^o.m.eto the* Elder King, repair d a cajile formerly 
 with rsfyoA demolijh^ d, in the IJle Axelholme, near Kinard- 
 to his Ton, tkitj’gyyy j lubich Cajile, a great number of the Lin~ 
 younger. colnJhire~men, pajjing-over in boats, bejlegd, and 
 compelled the Conjlable and all the foldiers to fttr- 
 Thi\o^.Ttnn{.render, and then pull'd it down, fin this fenny 
 N. 67. tract, part in Lincolnfhire, and part in York- 
 Ihire, there have been found, in digging, 
 abundance of Oak, Firr, and other trees, 
 lying near the roots, which ftand as they 
 grew » and it appears that fome of them have 
 been burnt, and not cut down.! Higher up, lies 
 Botterwic, Botterwic ; the owner whereof, Edmund Sheffeld, 
 was the firfl Baron of that name and family j 
 created by Edward the fixth. He loft his life 
 in the fervice of his Country againft the Nor- 
 folk Rebels ; having had by Anne Vere, a 
 daughter of the Earl of Oxford, John the fe- 
 ■f-Whois noWjCond Baron, father to Edmund,_f Knight of 
 
 574 
 
 * V. Sup. 
 Axel. 
 
 Burton-Sta- 
 ther. 
 
 the raoft noble Order of the Garter. [Not 
 Epworth, far from hence, is Epwortb, a long ftraggling 
 market-town, and now * the beft in the IJle?\ 
 More to the north, on the other fide of Trentt 
 is Burton-Stather, of which I have not read any 
 thing remarkable ; fand not far from it, Nor- 
 Normanby. Ynanby, from whence the Duke of Buckingham 
 Alkborough. takes his title of Marquifs. At Alkborough, 
 two miles nortli of Burton-Stather, near the 
 W'ater-fide, old Fortifications, and other marks 
 of antiquity, are to be feen.l 
 Earls of Lin- After Egga w'ho liv’d in the year 710, and 
 'coin. Morcar, both Saxons, who were only Officiary 
 
 Earls ', this County gave the title of Earl to 
 William de Romara a Norman, after whofe 
 death (for the title was never enjoy’d by his 
 fon, who dy’d before him, nor by his grand- 
 fon,) King Stephen confer’d it on Gilbert de 
 Gaunt i but he dying, Simon de St. Lis, the youn- 
 ger, fon of Earl Simon (you have the very words 
 of Robert Montenfis, who liv’d about that 
 2 Hen, 2. time) wanting land, receiv'd from King Henry the 
 4 Cum ho- fecond, his only daughter to wije, | together with the 
 nore ejus. hoytour. Afterwards, Lewis of France, who 
 was call’d into England by the rebellious Ba- 
 rons, created another Gilbert, of the de Gaunt 
 family, Earl of Lincoln ^ but asfoon as Lewis 
 was forced home, and he found himfelf ac- 
 know'Iedg’d Earl by no bodj/, he quitted the 
 title of his own accord. Then Ralph, the 
 
 fixth Earl of Chefter, had this honour granted 
 mm by King Henry the third, and a little 
 before his death gave by Charter to Hawife 
 Ills lifter, wife of Robert de Qtmcy, the Earl- 
 dom of Lincoln, fo far forth as it appertain'd to. 
 him, that Jbe might be Countefs thereof; for fo 
 are the very words of the Charter. She in 
 like manner beftow’d it on John de Lacy Con- 
 ftable of Chefter, and the heirs he ftiould have 
 by Margaret her daughter. This John had 
 Edmund, who dying before his mother, left 
 this honour to be enjoy’d by Henry his fon, 
 the laft Earl of that family. For his fons ha- 
 ving dy’d young, he contrafted Alice his only 
 Child, when but nine years old, to Thomas 
 fon of Edmund Earl of Lancafter, on condi- 
 tion, that if he Jhould dye without iffue of bis bo- 
 dy, or if they Jhould dye without heirs of their bo- 
 dies, his Cajiles, Lordjhips, &c. (hould come in re- Leleer-book 
 mainder to Edmund Earl of Lancajler, and his of Stanlow. 
 heirs for ever. But this Alice having no chil- 
 dren by her husband Thomas (who was be- 
 headed) did afterwards much blemifli her re- 
 putation by her light behaviour ; and without 
 the King’s confent marry’d Eubulo Le- Strange, Edw. 2J 
 with whom Ihe had been very familiar before ; 
 upon which the offended King leiz’d her 
 eftate. But Alice being very old, and dying 
 without iffue, Henry Earl of Lancafter, grand- 
 child to Edmund by his fecond fon, had this 
 noble eftate by virtue of the forefaid convey- 
 ance ; and from that time it became the in- 
 heritance of the houfe of Lancafter. Never- 
 thelefs, the Kings of England have confer’d on 
 feveral the title of Earl cf Lincoln ; as, Ed- 
 ward the fourth on John De-la-pole, and Henry 
 the eighth on Henry Brandon ; who were both 
 fons of the Dukes of Suffolk ; and both dy’d^®* of 
 without iflue. Then Queen Elizabeth pro- 
 tnoted to this honour, Edward Baron Clinton, 
 
 Lord High Admiral of England ; t to whom ^ Which hit 
 fucceeded his fon Henry, a perfon of great ho- Ton, ^c. now 
 nour. TAfter him, it was fuccelfively enjoy’d 
 by 'fhomoi, and T'heophilus, of the fame name. 
 
 The latter of thefe was fucceeded by Edward 
 Lord Clinton (his grandchild by his eldeft fon 
 Edward ; ) who dying without iflue, this 
 honour came to the iffue of Sir Edward 
 Clinton, Knight, fecond brother to Thomas 
 Earl of Lincoln .* whofe fon Francis firft en- 
 joy’d it ; and after him, Henry, fon of Francis, 
 the prefent Earl.l 
 
 There are in this County about *62$ Parijhes. * 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Lincolnfhire. 
 
 Atriplex maricima, Halimus difta, humills 
 ereda, femine folliculis membranaceis bivalvi- 
 bus, in latitudinera expanfis & utrinque recur- 
 vis, longo pediculo infidentibus claufo. Near, 
 Sairbeck, a village about a mile dijlant from BoJio»j 
 plentifully. Dr. Plukenet. 
 
 Alfine Polygonoides tenuifolia, flofculis ad 
 longitudinem caulis velut in fpicam difpofitis. 
 Polygonum anguftiflimo graraineo tolio eredum, 
 Bot. Monfp. Chitkweed-Knottgrafs with very narrow 
 leaves, and Jlowers fet along the Jlalks as it were in 
 fpikes. 
 
 Carum vulgare Park. Caraways. In the mar- 
 Jhes and fenny grounds plentifully. 
 
 Cannabis fpuria flore amplo, labio purpureo. 
 Fair-fiowefd Nettle-Hem^. About Spalding plemh 
 fuUy, 
 
 Cochleatia 
 
CORITANI. 
 
 Cochlearia major rotundifolia. Garden Scurvy- 
 grajs. In the marches in Hollandi and in many 
 other places near the fea-Jide. 
 
 Oenanthe Staphylini folio aliquatenus acce- 
 dens y. B. In the marjh-ditches and /low Jireams 
 of water in the pari/h of Quaplod near Spalding. 
 
 Lapathum folio acuto, flore aureo C. B. Gol- 
 den Dock. About Crowlandy and in other places of 
 the Fens. 
 
 Pneumonanthe Gen Gentianella Autumnalis 
 Pneumonanthe difta Park. Geiitiana paluftris 
 anguflifolia C. B. Gentiaiise fpecies, Calathi- 
 
 
 na quibufdam radice perpetua feu paluftris. 
 y. B, Marfto Gentian or Calathian Violet. In a 
 Park at Fatte/hally and on the heathy grounds 
 thereabout : alfo on a heath a little beyond IVraubj 
 in the way to HuU. 
 
 Rhamnus Salicis folio angufto, fru6tu fla- 
 vefcente C. B. Secuudus Clufii Ger. emac. pri- 
 mus Diofcoridis Lobelio five litoralis Park. 
 Rhamnus vel Oleafter Gcrmanicus y. B. Sal- 
 low-thorn. On the fea-banks on Lindfey-coaji, plen- 
 tifully. 
 
 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 
 
 H E County of Nottingham bor- 
 ders upon that of Lincoln on 
 the -wel]:, but is of much lefs 
 extent j calfd by the Saxons 
 6norcenj;aham-j-cype, fby the 
 ancient Annals 6nocm5abam- 
 fCype,! and by us Nottingham- 
 
 Fofa-way. 
 
 /hire. It is bounded on the north, by York- 
 fliire, on the wefl: by Derbyfliire, and in fome 
 parts by Yorkftiire ; and on the fouth by the 
 County of Leicefter. The fouth and eall parts 
 are enrich’d by the noble river Trent and the 
 rivulets which run into it. The weft-part is 
 entirely taken up with the foreft of Shirwood, 
 which is very large. This part, becaufe it is 
 fandy, the inhabitants call the Sand ; the other, 
 becaufe it is clayi/h, they call the Clay ; and thus 
 have they divided their County into two parts. 
 
 fGoing out of Leice/lerfhire , the Fojs-way 
 (which is the beft, if not only direftion, for 
 what we principally look after) leads us in- 
 to the fouth-part of this County, and carries 
 us along the eaft of it, into Lincoln/hire. And 
 WUlwghby firft, Willoughby on the Woldy in the Hundred 
 on the WoId.Qp on the fouth-edge of this County, 
 
 may pretend to fomething of antiquity. For 
 it lies near the Fofs-j and in a field belonging 
 to it are the ruins (as the inhabitants fay) of 
 a town call’d Long-BiUington, which has been a 
 great while demolifh’d. Hereabouts the plow- 
 men and fhepherds commonly gather-up coins 
 of the Romans, in great numbers. And its 
 diftance from Caer-leriony i. e. Leicefter, and 
 from Vernometum or Burrough-hill (for it is 9 
 miles from each) is a further confirmation of 
 its Antiquity. All which, put together, would 
 tempt us to believe, that this had been j 
 Roman ftation j and Dr. Gale, in his Com- 
 ment upon the Itinerary, makes it the Margi- 
 dunum of Antoninus. 
 
 From hence, the Fofs pafles north-eaft thro' 
 the vale of Behoir, and therein thro' the field 
 of Eajl-Bridgford, or Bridgford on the hilly in 
 • which are ftill the remains of a Roman fta- 
 tion, near a Ipring, call’d T/he Old-wark-fpring j 
 and the field in Bridgford (in which, part 
 of this camp lies) is call’d to this day Burrow- 
 ■f Mr. Ptfx- A t learned Antiquary alfo (to whofe 
 skill and diligence, the difeovery of thofe pla- 
 ces is in great meafure owing) affirms that 
 he has feen a fair filver coin of Vefpafian which 
 was found there, and that others are fometimes 
 plough’d up by the inhabitants of that town. 
 What further confirms the conjefture of a fta- 
 tion here, is its diftance from IVilhughbyy of 
 about eight miles and near the fame fpace 
 I^ng Col- from Long-CoUinghamy about three miles beyond 
 Laghaa. Newark j near which, in a large field, there 
 
 is fome reafon to fix another ftation. The Fofs-' 
 road, indeed, lies above a mile from it, but it 
 receives a fufficient teftimony of Antiquity, 
 from feveral of Conftantine’s Coins which have 
 been found there, as well as it’s diftance from 
 Lincoln (viz., nine miles) where was another 
 Station. By this means (if thefe conjectures 
 may be allow’d any colour of truth, as I fee no 
 great objection that lies againft them,) that vaft 
 breach between Lekejler and Lineolny along the 
 Folfe, is pretty well fill’d up. From Leice/ier 
 to IVilloughbyy nine miles ; from Willoughby to 
 Eaft Bridgford about 8 miles 1 from thence to 
 Long-Collinghamy nine miles ; and from hence to 
 Lincohy nine more s And, accordingly. Dr. Gale 
 in his Comment upon the Itinerary, has fix’d 
 them ; viZ). the Margidunum of Antoninus here 
 at Willoughby on the Wold j Ad Pontemy at Eaft- 
 Bridgford 3 and Crococolana at Collingham. 
 
 Having follow’d the Fofs thus far toward 
 the North, for the more convenient clearing 
 of this point ; we are drawn a little out of 
 our road, and muft return to the fouth-part.l 
 
 The Trenty in Saxon Tpeonca (which fome The Trentir 
 Antiquaries of lefs note have call’d in Latin 
 Trigintay from its likenefs to the French w'ord 
 which fignifies this number,) after it has run 
 a long way, and then enter’d this County, 
 pafles by Steanford, where are many remains ofSteanfbrd, 
 Antiquity, and many Roman Coins are found, 
 as I am inform’d. [But now its greateft orna- 
 ment is a Church, lately repair’d and beauti- 
 fy’d at the great expence of f the Patronf Thmts 
 thereof.1 Then it runs by CA/^ok, which hath 
 given both feat and name to the ancient fa- 
 mily of the C/(/io»r, fwho have remained here Clifton, 
 above fix hundred years, as appears by an In- 
 feription upon a Monument in the Chancel of 
 this Church.1 Then the Trent receives the 
 little river Lin from the weft, which rifes nearl'^”> 
 Newfted, i. e. a new place, where formerly Newfled. 
 King Henry the fecond built a fmall Mona- 
 ftery. Now it is the feat of the Byrons, an an- Byrons, 
 cient family, defeended from Ralph de Buron, 
 who in the beginning of the Norman times 
 flourifh’d in great ftate both in this County 
 and Lancafhire j fand whofe defeendants, in 
 the reign of King Charles the firft, were ad- 
 vanced to the dignity of Barons.1 Next, the 
 Lin runs near Wollaton, w'here * in the laft * In this age, 
 age, Sir Francis Willoughby Knight, out of^‘ 
 oftencation, and to fliow his great wealth,''^® 
 did at vaft charges build a very noble Houfe, 
 both for profpetft and workmanfhip ; fnowthe 
 feat of Fhomaa Willoughbyy Baron Middleton, 
 to which Honour he was advanced by her 
 Majefty Queen Anne.1 After this, it wafhes 
 Lentony formerly famous for a Monaftery, built Lenton. 
 
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 C O X N R 
 
577 
 
 NOTTING HAMS H I R E. 
 
 in honour of the Holy Trinity by William Pe- 
 verely natural Ton ot' William the Conqueror j 
 at prefent, only noted for a tlirong Fair there. 
 
 * Burton, l"This, * Mr. Talbot^ for fome reafons, was in- 
 itfn. p. 204.clin’d to believe the ancient Lindum of Antd- 
 ninus. 1 take it for granted, it was the affi- 
 nity of the two names, which firft led him to 
 this conjecture, and that, drew on other ima- 
 ginations, which might feem in any wife to 
 confirm his opinion. As, that the river which 
 runs tlirough Nottingham into Trenty is at this 
 day call’d Lin or rather Lind j but thei^, Len- 
 ton lying at fome diftance from it, he is forc’d 
 to back it with another Conjecture, that Lm- 
 ton might be fometimes part of Nottingham ; 
 tho’ they are a mile afunder one from the other. 
 What he fays by way of reafon why the old 
 Town might poffibly be at Lenton^ is very true, 
 'That it is a thing frequently obferv% that famous 
 Urnns have degenerated into little villages^ and that 
 therefore its prefent meannefs is no objection 
 againft it ; but then, it can derive no autho- 
 rity from the river Lin or Lind. Befides, the 
 obfcurity of a place is a real prejudice to its 
 antiquity, unlefs the difcovery of campSy coinsy 
 brkksy or fome fuch remains, demonftrate its 
 former eminence. Nothing therefore that he 
 has faid in favour of this opinion, taken from 
 diftances and the like, is of force enough to 
 draw the ancient Lindum from Lincoln. On 
 Wilford, the other fide, is Wilford, in the field whereof a 
 large Pot was dug-up fome years ago, with a 
 very great number of Copper Coins. At a 
 little diftance from hence, ffands, in a large 
 FUwford. field, a Church with a fpire-fteeple, call’d Flaw- 
 ford Church, the burying-place of Reddington, a 
 great Country-town above half a mile weft 
 trom it. But this having a lai-ge Chapel of 
 its own, the Church is the more ncgleCted, 
 and has much rubbifli in it. Among it, there 
 have been many ancient Monuments no doubt 
 of great note formerly. Some confiderable 
 ones arc yet remaining both in the chancel and 
 fouth-ifle 5 part whereof by the manner of 
 them, feem to imply, that theperfons to whom 
 they belong, have been engag’d in the Holy 
 War. North-eaft from whence, is Aflakton, 
 famous tor the birth of Thomas Cranmer, Arch- 
 bifhop of Canterbury.! 
 
 On the other fhore, almoft at the confluence 
 of the Lin and Trent, and on the fide of a 
 Nottlngham.hill, ftands Nottingham, which gave name to 
 the County, and is the chief Town in it ; the 
 word being only a contracSion and a foftening 
 of 6noc-en5a-bam. For fo the Saxons call’d 
 it, from the caves and paflfages under-ground, 
 which the Ancients dug, for retreat and 
 habitation, under thofe fteep rocks in the 
 fouth part, toward the little river Lin. FThefe, 
 p, 95.by the way, * Dr. Gale will have to be the 
 work of the Romans j and, to make good the di- 
 ftances in the Itinerary, he places here the Gau- 
 fenna of Antoninus. From thefe Caves! Aflcr 
 renders the Saxon word 6not:i:en5abam, Spe- 
 Flor Wicorn h‘«camm dmm in Latin, and in Britiih Tui 
 >nn.'8oo. ' ogo tauc, which figmfies the very fame, name- 
 
 ly, a houfe of dens. In refpe«ft of fituation, the 
 Town is very pleafant : on one fide to the ri- 
 ver are very large meadows ; on the other fide, 
 lulls of ealie and gentle afeent : it is alfo 
 plentifully provided with all neceflaries. Shire- 
 wood fupplies them with great ftore of wood 
 for fire (thoirgh many burn Pit-coal, the fmell 
 whereof is very oftenfive, ) and the Trent 
 ferves them plentifully with Fifh. Hence this 
 barbarous Verfe, 
 
 LimpiJa fylva focum, |I Triginta dat mihi |1 Trent. 
 pifeem. 
 
 Shirevjood my fuel, Trent my fifh fupplies. 
 
 To wind up all; by its bignefs, building, three 
 neat Churches, a very fine Market-place, and a 
 Very ftrong Caftle, the Town is render’d really 
 beautiful. [Here is alfo an * Al.as-.:oufe by 
 
 endowed for twelve poor People.! The Ca- ^ 
 ftle ft.ands on the w'eft-lide of the ’\'own, 
 on a fteep rock; the very fpot whereon '..ifitiool.perann, 
 tower is believ’d to h.ave ftood, which the ^68. 
 
 Danes held againft iEthered and Alfred who 
 befieg’d it, till, without erfefting any thing, they 
 rofe and || retir’d. For when the Danes had || v^fa concUi 
 got this Caftle, Burtbred for Burhred,'] King 
 the Mercians, and the Mercians (as Afler, land 
 Florence! fay ) fent mejfengers to eFlthered King 
 of the Wefi-Saxons, and to Alfred his brother, burn’* 
 hly intreating that they would aid them , to the 
 end they might be able to engage the faid army. This 
 requefi they eajily obtain’d. For the two brothers 
 having drawn together a great army from all parts 
 with the difpatch they had promis’d, enter’d Mer- 
 cia, and march’d as far as Snottenga-ham, with 
 a joint and unanimom defire to fight them. But 
 when the Pagans refus’d to give them battle, fecu- 
 ring tbemfelves in the caflle ; and the Chrifiians 
 were not able to batter down the walls of the cafile} 
 a Peace was concluded between the Mercians and 
 the Pagans, and the two brothers return’d home 
 with their forces. Afterwards, Edward the El- 
 der built the village of Bridge ford over-.igaiuft Bridgesfordi 
 it, and rais’d a wall (now fallen) quite round 
 the Town. The only remains of it, are on 
 the w'eft-fide. A few years after this, namely 
 in Edw'ard the Confeflor’s time ( as it is in 
 Domefday) there were reckon’d one hundred 
 feventy three Burgefles in it, and f the t duobus 
 
 two Mints there were paid forty fhillings to the King.^°”‘'‘‘^'^^^' 
 Moreover, the water of Trent and the Fofs-'dike, and 
 the way towards Fork, were all look’d after ; that 
 if any one hinder’d Ships from pafing, * 
 be amerc’d jour pounds. As for the prefent Ca- 
 ftle, both the Founder, and the Largenefs, 
 render it remarkable. For William the Nor- 
 man built it to awe the Englifh, funlefs we 
 are rather to credit | the learned Hiftoriogra-f Dr. tioro- 
 pher of this County, who is pofitive that it*®"* 
 was built by Peverell, bafe fon to William the 
 Conqueror : for he, as it appears, had licence 
 from the King to include ten acres {ad faci- 
 endum pomerhm) thereabouts, which, after the 
 foreft-meafurc, contains above fifty Statute- 
 acres ; and that is near the proportion of the 
 old Park at Nottingham. Befides, there is no 
 mention of it in Domefday-hocsk, which was 
 made the year before the Conqueror’s death ; 
 and therefore it is probable that his fon built 
 it by order and commillion from him.! By 
 Nature and Art together, it was fo firong (as Wil- 
 liam of Newburrough tells us) That it feemed 
 impregnable, except by Famine j provided it had a 
 Efficient garrifon in it. Afterwards, Edward 
 tne fourth repair’d it at great charge, and a- 
 dorn’d it with curious buildings ; to which 
 Richard the third made fome additions. Nor 
 has it in any revolution undergone the com- 
 mon kte of great CafUes ; for it was never ta- ♦ Expugna^ 
 ken by ftorm. Once it was befieg’d in vaintww. 
 by Henry of Anjou i at w'hich time the gar- 
 rifon burnt down all the buildings about it. 
 
 It was alfo once taken, by furprize, by Ro- Rog. Hove: 
 bert Count de Ferrars, in the Barons war, who den, p. 3 ° 7 - 
 depriv’d the Townfmen of all they had. Thofe 
 ^ Dddd pf 
 
579 
 
 CO RIT AN L 
 
 580 
 
 of the Caftle tell many ftrange ftories of Dai)id 
 King of Scotland, a prifoiier here ; and of 
 Roger Mortimer Earl of March, as taken in 
 * this place by means of a « fubterraneous Maze, 
 
 m and afterwards hang d for betraying his Coun- 
 
 try to the Scots tor money, and tor other 
 ambitious and villanous defigns. In the firfl 
 court of this Caftle, they ftill go down a 
 great many fteps with candle-light, into a 
 vault under-ground, and rooms cut out of the 
 very ftone ; in the walls whereof the Hiftory 
 of Chrift’s paflion, and other matters are en- 
 graved, by Dmii the fecond King of Scot- 
 land (as they lay) who was kept prifouer there. 
 In the upper part of the Caftle alfo, which 
 Hands very high upon the rock, we went 
 down many Hairs into another vault under- 
 Mortimer’s- ground i which they call Mortimer s^hole, be- 
 Hole. caufe Roger Mortimer abfconded in it, when 
 he found the juft rewatd of his Wickednefs 
 coming upon him. fWhile this Caftle was in 
 the hands of the Earl of Rutland, many of the 
 good buildings were pull’d down, and the 
 Iron and other materials fold ; yet, in the 
 beginning of the Civil wars. King Charles the 
 firfl made choice of it as the fitteft place for 
 + C!rc Aur-tfetting up his Royal Standard. Shortly af- 
 a. 1642. ter, it became a Garrifon for the Parliament ; 
 
 and in the end of the war, Orders were given 
 to pull it down : but it was not quite demo- 
 lilh’d. Since the return of King Charles the 
 fecond, the Duke of Buckingham (whofe mo- 
 ther was only daughter and heir of Francis 
 Earl of Rutland) fold it to the then Marquifs, 
 afterwards Duke, ol Nea-Cafile, who in 1574. 
 began to clear the foundations of the old 
 tower, and erefled a moft ftately fabrick in the 
 place of part of it, which is greatly improved 
 and adorned by the prefent Duke.1 As for 
 pofition, this place is fifty three degrees in 
 Latitude, and twenty two degrees, fourteen 
 minutes, in Longitude. 
 
 From hence, the Trent runs gently by 
 HoImc-Pler- Holme, call’d from its Lords Holme Pierpount, a 
 noble and ancient family,' of whom,^ Robert 
 de Petra Ponte or Pierpount was fummon d among 
 the Barons in Parliament by Edward the third ; 
 land whofe defcelidants have been at feveral 
 times advanced, firft to the honour of Barons 
 of this place, and that of Vifcounts Newark; 
 and afterwards to the higher Titles of Earl of; 
 Kingfton, Marquifs of Dorchefter, and Duke 
 The Barony Then, the Trent runs to Shel- 
 
 of Shelford.^.^^^ famous family of the Stan- 
 
 hops, KnightSj of great ftate and eminence in 
 thefe parts ; fof which Family, and a great y id, Cheve- 
 Ornament to it, is the Right Honourable in Kent. 
 James Stanhope, Principal Secretary of State ; to 
 whofe great Abilities, and unwearied Appli- 
 cation, his Country is indebted in a very e- 
 minent manner.l It was formerly the Barony 
 of Ralph Hanfelin, by whofe daughters it came to 
 the Bardolphs and Everinghams. i As to Shelford ; 
 in the Civil wars, it was a Garrifon for the King, 
 and commanded by Colonel Philip Stanhope, a 
 younger fon to Philip the firft Earl of Chefier^ 
 field i which being taken by ftorm, he and ma- 
 ny of his foldiers were therein flain, and the 
 houfe afterw'ards burnt. Over-againft this, Aubr. Mon, 
 is Barton; in the fields of which, upon a hill, MS. 
 is a fair Camp, fuppofed to be British. On®**'*°“* 
 the top of the hill (where fe^'eral Coins have 
 been found ) were large Fortifications, which 
 have been level’d, in this age, for the conve- 
 nience of plowing j but on the fide of it, the 
 JVorks remain, one above another, ike great 
 Waves.l 
 
 Hence, the htrent goes to Stoke, a fmall Vil- Stoke, 
 lage ; but remarkable for no fmall fiaughter : 
 for here, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln (who Battle of 
 was defign’d for the Crown by Richard the Stoke, 1447* 
 third ) when he faw himfelf excluded from 
 the throne by Henry the feventh, rebellioufiy 
 fought for a counterfeit Prince againft his law- 
 ful King, and, after a ftout defence, was cut 
 oft’ with his whole party. Not far from hence, 
 ftands Southvsell, a Collegiate-Church of Pre- Southwell, 
 bendaries, dedicated to the Virgin Alary; not 
 very fplendid, but ftrong, and ancient, and of 
 great note. Paulinus, the firft Archbiftiop of 
 York, is faid to have built it, after he had 
 baptiz’d the people of this Country in the ri- 
 ver 'Trent. From that time, the Archbifhops 
 of York I had a large Palace here, with three f Have had. 
 Parks adjoyning, well ftor’d with Deer ; 
 fwhich hath been long in ruins, and the Eftate 
 demifed in Leafe.1 That this is the City which 
 Bede calls Tio vul-Fingacefier, I the rather be- Tio vu!-Fiih 
 lieve, becaufe thofe things which he relates ofs*^*^®^* 
 Paulinus’s baptizing in the Trent near Tio-vnl- 
 Fingacefier, are pofitively faid to have been 
 done here, by the private Hiftory of this 
 Church, n v/ill fubjoin an Infcription upon a 
 Pillar in the Church here, both bccaufe I do 
 not obferve it to be fet down by Dr. Thorotoiiy 
 and bccaufe it contains a fort of hiftorical ac- 
 count of the place (a). From this Town, the 
 family of the Southwells took their name, and 
 
 Rex 
 
 * From hence 
 it is common* 
 ly call’d Lck- 
 pillar. 
 
 (a) Reges & Regtns erunt nutrices tus. 
 
 Hanc 
 
 Collcgiatam & Parochialem Ecclefiam 
 Religiofa Antiquitas 
 Fundavit. 
 
 Hcnricus 8. Illu- ■? rtflauravit J Edwardo Lse Archiepifeopo Ebor .7 
 Hriffimus S M 43 - I P”®”" 
 
 Rerfna Elixabttha J Edwino Sandys Arebispifapo Ebor. 7 . 
 
 ® ligiofiffima I 1584. i digniffimo ^ S 
 
 Monarcha Jacobus Pre - 7 ftabilivit CHmtico Howard, Comite NortliamptonicnC 7 
 potSMiffimus I ld04- L pricnobilillimo i 
 
 A Domino fa^um eft iftud : 
 
 Da gloriam Deo 
 Honorem Regi. 
 
 Sint ficut Oreb & Zeb, & Zebe & Salmana 
 ciui dicunt pofGdeamus Sanftuarium Dei. 
 
 Pfal. 83. II. 
 
 Det Deus hoc fanftum fanftis ; fit Temper Afylum 
 Exulis, Idolatras facrilegofque ruat. 
 
 * Gervaf.Lee 
 
 In piam gratamqucMacenatum memoriam 
 pofuit 
 i6o8< 
 
 That is, 
 
58j 
 
 notting h a m s hi r k. 
 
 • Thorot. 
 
 Jfottingham- 
 
 Jhire. 
 
 Snite, riv. 
 Langer. 
 
 + Now.Vif- 
 counts in Ire- 
 land. 
 
 Wivertor. 
 Chaworths, 
 or de Cadur- 
 cis Cahorfin. 
 Quercy. 
 
 Haram. 
 
 Newark, 
 
 fPag. 197' 
 
 were anciently feated here. For mention is 
 made tn the * Records, of Simn Smthwell un- 
 
 Edward the firit, and of feveral others, down to 
 Henry the fixth ; when they fpread themfelves 
 into Norfolk and Suffolk. In the reign of King 
 Charts the fecond, Sir Rohrt Southwell went 
 into Oloceilerniire, where his Family is now 
 featedj at Kings-weflonA 
 
 Hence, from the eafl, the Snite^ a fmall river, 
 runs into the Trent ; which, being yet ihallow, 
 runs to Unger, famous for its Lords the Tik- 
 ms or Tiftojis, afterwards Earls of Worcefter. 
 iBut that name hath had no relation to this 
 place, fmce the time of King Edward the 
 third. For in the 4<5th year of his reign, Ro- 
 bert, the laft of the ‘Tibetots, dying without 
 heir-male j the cuftody of all his lands, and 
 the care of his three daughters, were commit- 
 ted to Richard le Serose ; and he marrying Mar- 
 guretj the eldeft, to his fon Roger^ brought that 
 feat into the name of the Lords Scropef where- 
 in it continuM down to E.manuelj'who was crea- 
 ted Earl of Sunderland, 3 Car. i. But he ha- 
 ving no iffue by his wife Elizabeth, that and 
 the reft of his eftate was fettled upon his na- 
 tural ifl'ue ( three daughters ,* ) and Amabellay 
 the third of them (to whofe lhare this ma- 
 Tiour fell in the divilioii) marrying John Howe, 
 fecond fon of Sir John Howe of Compton in 
 Glocefterihire, brought it into that name. f1 
 Then, the Suite runs to Wiverton, which, from 
 Heriz, formerly a famous man in thefe parts, 
 came by the Brem and Caltofls to the Chaworths, 
 •who derive their name from the Cadurci in 
 France, and their pedigree from the Lords de 
 Wdkhervill. 
 
 Now, the Trent divides it felf [near 
 the feat of the Lord Lexington,! and then 
 wafhes Newark, a pretty large Town -, fo call’d, 
 as if one fhould fay, A new work, from- the 
 new caftle there, very pleafant and curkujly built 
 (as Henry of Huntingdon deferibes it) by A- 
 lexander the munificent Bifhop of Lincoln ; 
 .for, as f Dr. Tboroton thinks) only repair’d by 
 him. ! He (lo ufe the words of an old hi- 
 ftorian,) being of a very generom temper, built this 
 and another caflle, at vafi expence. And, becaufe 
 buildings of this nature feernd lefs agreeable to the 
 charabier of a Bifl)op j to extinguish the envy of 
 them, and as it were to expiate that offence, he , 
 huih an equal number of Monafieries, and fiffd 
 
 582 
 
 them with religious focieties. However, the pro- 
 iulenefs of this military Bifliop was foon pu- 
 niftl d as It deferv’d. For King Stephen, who 
 had no better means to eftabliOi the finking 
 
 Wdom, than the poireffing him- 
 
 lelt of the fortify’d places, oblig’d tlie Biftiop, 
 by imprifonment and famine, to deliver into 
 his hands, both this caftle and that other at 
 Skford. JievQ is nothing elfe memorable, but 
 that King John ended the courfe of a very 
 troublefome and uneafy Life, in this Caftle. 
 
 From hence the river, uniting again, flows 
 direftly to the north, by many villages. fFirft 
 by Collingham, where (as we before obferved)- . 
 the marks of Antiquity, together with the 
 diftances, make it probable tliat the Crococolana 
 of Antoninus is to be placed : and then, 
 at fome diftance, by Tuxford, where Charles .r. . , 
 Read, Efq; built a curious Free-fehool, and 
 endow’d it with fifty pounds per ami. The 
 like he did at Corby in Lincolnfhire •, and at 
 Drax inYorklhire j to which laft he added an 
 Hoipital, and endow’d that alfo with fifty 
 pounds per annum.'] But the Trent fees no- 
 thing fvery! remarkable, till it comes to DV-Little-bor- 
 tkborrougb, a fmall town (and fo, exactly an- rough, 
 fwerable to the name ; ) where, as there is at 
 this day a ferry much us’d, fo was there for- 
 merly * a famous Station which Antoninus * 
 mentions twice ; and which is varioufly vtixd, Manfio. 
 in fome copies, Agelocum, and in others, Seoe- , , 
 locum. Formerly, I fouglit this place hcrea-Sg|e^ 
 bouts in vain, but now I verily believe I have 
 found it ; both becaufe this ftands upon a mi- 
 litary way, and becaufe tlie marks of an old 
 wall are plainly difcernible in the neighbouring 
 field, where many coins of the Roman Empe- 
 rors are daily found by the plow-men. Thefe 
 are call’d Swines pennies by the Country-people, 
 becaufe they are often difeover’d by the grub-^'^^’’.®*’ 
 bing of the Swine there. TBefides which, and^^"^^'*’ 
 the pieces of Urns and other Veficls, which 
 have been taken up here ; there hath been late- 
 ly found a Roman Stylus, an Agate-Stone with 
 a Roman figure, many Cornelians with Ro- 
 man Engravings, and two Roman Altars, with 
 other Antiquities.! The People imagin, ac- 
 cording to their poor fenfe of things, that their 
 forefathers enclos’d the field with the ftone- 
 wall, to keep the W'ater from overflowing it in 
 winter. ITalbot fixes this Station at Aulerton 
 in Sherwood and Fulk (contrary to Antoni- 
 
 That is, 
 
 Kings lhall be thy nurfing Fathers, and Queens thy rurling Mothers. 
 
 This 
 
 Collegiate and Parochial Church 
 Religious Antiquity 
 Founded. 
 
 The Illuftrlous Prince,? repair’d it C Edward Lee, the moft pious Archbllhop 7 «. 
 
 Henry 8 . J I5«. 1 °f Y"* Jrequetting. 
 
 The moll Religious Qneen 7 confirm’d it C Edwin Sandys, the moft worthy Archtiftiop 7 . , . 
 
 Elizabeth. J I5S4- i of York $ s' 
 
 The moft potent Monarch, 7eftabliih’d itJHenry Howard, the molt noble Earl “f Nor-? ... 
 James S i«04- 4 thampton S 
 
 This is the turd’s doing: 
 
 Give Glory to God j 
 Honour to the King. 
 
 Let them be as Oreb and Zeb, and like as Zebe and Salmana 
 Who fay. Ictus take to our felves the Houfes of Godin po/Teflion. 
 
 Pfal. 83 . II. 
 
 This holy place let holy men enjoy, 
 
 A Refuge to the banilh’d and diftrefs’d. 
 
 But Ruin to Idolatry, and Sacrilege. 
 
 Gervafe Lee 
 
 To the pious and grateful memory of his Patrons 
 Placed this, 
 itfo 8 . 
 
CO RITA N I. 
 
 584 
 
 nus, \vho makes it diflant from Lindum tour 
 teen miles at leaft ) at Agk, almoll lix miles 
 from that place. Dr. Thoroton feems indin d 
 to reduce it to the bank of the river Idle (on 
 which, a t former Edition of this work, had 
 placed it;) where Earn Hands, which may upon 
 that account as well be call’d Ukton ; and. Id or 
 ri in the Britifh fignifying corn (as Tdhm doth 
 a granary , ) there may feem to be feme affi- 
 nity between that and Segelocum, as it it were 
 n place of corn. But then, it is fcarce fair, to 
 bring it to Idletm upon the likenefs ih found 
 with Agelocum ; and afterwards to fettle it there 
 upon a neaniefs in fignification to Segelocum ; 
 one of which readings mufl; be falfe, and by 
 confcquence both may not be made ufe of, as 
 true, to confirm the fame thing. Mr. Burton 
 approves the placing of it here ; and, to recon- 
 cile Agelocum and Segelocum, has ingenioully 
 rank’d thefe two araongll the^ words, to which 
 the Romans fometimes prefix’d an S or Sibilus, 
 and fometimes omitted it. So ( fays he ) they 
 call’d the Alpes, vibich in Lycophron s Caflandra 
 we find -written litamr- and they who^ are call d 
 ApiVi Infulap by Dionyfius in his Periegefis, the 
 fame in Strabo are lying in the Bntijb 
 
 Sea. Salamantica of Spain is call d by Polybius 
 AfiavTixJ, and Cajar's Sueffiones, in Palmy are 
 oiiursitr. Til add one common Noun out of Diojeo- 
 rides, what in Virgil’s Eclogues is Saliunca, in him 
 
 is 'Shteyha.f\ , ,,,, u 
 
 In the weft part of this County (call d the 
 Sand,) where the Erwalh, a fmall river, runs 
 toward the Trent ; we fexs Strelley [(otherwile 
 called Stradlegh and Straley,) heretofore Strel- 
 legh) which hath given name and feat to the 
 Knights (commonly call’d diKr/y,) one 
 of the moft ancient and famous families of the 
 County, More inw.ird, lies Shirewood, which 
 fome interpret a clear PVood, others a famous 
 Wood ; formerly one clofe continu’d lhade, 
 with the boughs of trees fo entangled in one 
 another, that one could hardly walk fingle in 
 the paths. At prefent, it is much thinner ; 
 and feeds an infinite number of Deer and 
 Stags j and has fome Towns in it, whereof 
 Mansfield. Mansfield is the chief. This is a very plenti- 
 ful Market j the name of which is _ made 
 an argument by fome for the Antiquity of 
 the family of Mansfield in Germany, .and they 
 * Mtnfamro’hyy the firft Earl o( Mansfeld ^ was at the 
 tundam ceJe- feaft of the Round ‘Table with our Arthur 
 
 StrcUey. 
 
 brafie. 
 
 !dle. 
 
 and that he was born here. Our Kings were 
 formerly wont to retire hither for the diver- 
 fioii of hunting, and, in the words of an 
 old Inquifition, Henry Fauconberge held the ma- 
 nour of Cukelley in this County, by Serjeanty, to 
 (hoe the Kings horfe -when he came to Mans- 
 feld. Many fmall rivers fpring out of this 
 wood, .and run towards the Trent ; the 
 chief of them is Idle, upon which, near Idle 
 ton in the year 616, the Fortune of Ethmi 
 a moft potent King of the Northumbrians, 
 ftop’d and left him. For whereas before he 
 had ever fought with fuccefs, here Fortune 
 turn’d, and he w.as cut oft’ ; being defeated 
 by Redwald King of the Eaft-Angles, who 
 placed Edwin (excluded then, and depriv’d of 
 the throne of his Aiiceftors,) over Northum- 
 berland. (Not far from the Idle, to the eaft, 
 is Laxton, or Lexington, which gives the title of 
 Baton to the ancient and honourable family 
 of Sutton ; of which family, Robert Sutton was, 
 ill confideratioii of his eminent Services to 
 King Charles the firft, as alfo of his being 
 defeended from an heir-female of the family 
 of Lexington, advanced to the dignity of a Ba- 
 ron of. this Realm (a i Car. i.) by the title of 
 
 Lord Lexington of Aram, i The courfe of this 
 
 little river Idle lies at no great diftance from 
 
 Markham, a fmall village; tyhich yet gavoMatklum. 
 
 name to the Markhams, a family very famous 
 
 heretofore, both for antiquity and valour ; the 
 
 gteateft ornament of w hidi, was J. Markham, 
 
 who was Lord Chief Juflice of England, and 
 
 temper’d his Judgments with fo mucli Equity 
 
 (as you may read in the Hiftories of England,) 
 
 that his name will endure, as long as Tirne 
 
 it felf, (He dy’d (as appears from an Infcri- 
 
 ption in this Church) on St. Sihejler’s day, 
 
 anno iqop.l Six miles from hence, to the 
 
 weft, ftands Workenfop, noted for its great pro- Wcktnfop. 
 
 duce of liquorice, and famous for the * Earl Liquorice. 
 
 of Shrewsbury’s houfe, built in J our memory,* Now the 
 
 by George Talbot Earl of Shrewsbury, 
 
 the magnificence becoming fo great an Earl, 
 
 and yet below Envy. To the Talbots, it came 
 
 with a great eftate from the Lovetofis, the fii'ft 
 
 Lords of it under the Normans, by the Fur- 
 
 mvals,anANemils. Of thefe £owro/o, G. Love- 
 
 toft in Henry the firft’s time built a Mona- 
 
 ftery in this place ; the Ruins of which are 
 
 ftill to be feen among very pleafant meadows 
 
 on the eaft-fide of the town : but the weft- 
 
 part of the Church remains entire, with two 
 
 towers very fair and beautiful. [About a mile 
 
 and half from Workenfop, is Welbeck- Abbey, now 
 
 a very noble Building, feated in the lowcft I’ 
 
 part of a fine park furrounded with trees of 
 
 excellent timber ; and was the delightful feat 
 
 of WiUiam and Henry, Dukes of Newcaflle ; 
 
 as it was afterwards of John Hokes, Marquifs 
 
 of Clare, and Duke of Newcaftle, who marry’d 
 
 Margaret, daughter and one of the coheirs of 
 
 Henry aforefaid. And about fix miles eaft from 
 
 hence, flood the Abbey of Rughfori ; the noble Rugliford.; 
 
 and ple.ifant feat of the late Marquifles of Abbey. 
 
 HaUifax^ 
 
 A little higher [than Workenfop,] upon the 
 fame river, I faw Blithe, a noted market-town. Blithe, 
 which was fortify’d with a caftle (as I ani 
 inform’d) by BuSey or Bufly, a Nobleman of 
 Norman Extraftion ; but fat this day, hardly + Ann. 1607, 
 any Ruins .appear : fo deftruftive is age to 
 every thing in this world. The little Mona- 
 ftery there, was built by Roger Sujly and 
 Foulk de Lifieurs ; and this is almoft the laft 
 town of Nottinghamfliire to the North ; ex- 
 cept Scroby, a little town belonging to theScroby. 
 Archbilhop of York, on the very edge of the 
 County. [Nor fliall we fay any more con- 
 cerning the places in this neighbourhood ; ull- 
 Icfs it be, that at Tyln, in the Parilh of Hay- 
 ton , near Eaft-Retford, there has been lately 
 found a Druid Amulet of an aqueous tranfpa- 
 reiit colour, with flreaks of yellow ; and many 
 Cornelians with Roman Engravings.! 
 
 WiUiam the Conqueror made his natural Lords ami 
 foil William Peverell Governor of this County, 
 not by the title of Earl, but Lord, of Notti^ Lib. M. Lin- 
 Zbam. He had a fon, who dy’d during theton. 
 life of his father j and this likewiie a fon ofMatth. Pans, 
 the fame lirname, who was depriv’d of 
 eftate by Henry the fecond, for J poyfoning^f 
 Raliulph Earl of Chefter. About the fame Paris, 
 time, Robert de FV™™, who plunder’d 204. 
 
 tingham, us’d this title in the gift he made to 
 the Church of Tuttesbury, ‘ Robert the younger, 
 
 Earl of Nottingham.’ But afterwards, Kmg ^ ventaom 
 Richard the firft gave and confirm’d to hismlfimrii. 
 brother John, the County and caftle of Not- 
 tingham, w ith the whole Honour of Peverek. 
 
 Long after that, Richard the fecond honour d 
 John de Mowbray with this title ; but he, dy- 
 ing young and without iifue, was fucceeded 
 by Thomas his brother ; who, by Richard the 
 
 ^ li-’rnna. 
 
^J&wdonXauU 
 
 fewf^Chty:tjfel 
 
 .MotCefam. 
 
 IHod/iVtd 
 
 Chideni’ortfi.^ 
 
 XetherJimUh 
 
 Jim 
 
 :Bu.^iysk 
 
 tU tn 1 
 
 J£ithe^a^tj 
 
 y^S/^emduz // ' 
 
 ’^Xlah/atr 
 
 lly^ . j^e “^diap 
 
 ' !'• rJ ■$ in t/l£. Jrtr 
 
 Wi/Uuhrid^\; ^^^rjfiJ/all 
 
 ^Wm.>-JTU 3 i D 
 
 'Tax'hctlL "h ' ■^’ - Jk,--* V' \ -1 
 
 Stor^HidlOo^^ ^ 
 
 jW/iSui 
 
 'Tl'-ai^v\^J>^- 
 ' H’ormfondaU ,» 
 
 , Jtmlled ^ jg 
 ^lat^eLd ^f^ormhd^^ 
 Cowhw /"y 
 
 .^InAoi 
 
 Ore/'tffn 
 
 hi.vfnn 
 
 . Staden -,S 
 
 Ga:ht/iou/&s 
 
 Cou'daU 
 
 *Femhoiuef ■; 
 Foxholes 
 
 Chelin^oit. 
 
 Tolpraye ifl 
 
 
 Croua/hn 
 tn Gratia a :\ 
 
 ~Lonpnor 
 
 TiU>ttrvSiarufp_ 
 
 'O radon 
 
 
 'dnatm 
 
 Venn}- 
 
 
 FUaftot 
 
 '!Mrbury 
 
 'FtrtJiiroodPai 
 
 £uhiep^. 
 
 Camhnd^ 
 
 ■ Harchtnton. d 
 
 F'old hyAbel J}t uzle ,Ajtn/har^ atullohn CkurcMl 
 
\mall 
 
 Burton, A^/i T dT^TT' 
 
 tSr l e i c e s t e. 
 
 Xouch. 
 
 S n I n 
 
 -tail's . 4 ■■■■''«2I#* 
 
 / tiiAMiydelaZotich. 
 
 , i ^Cql'l/tlirefhs '"■ " ■-...^ 
 
 ■®7-f‘!'*''''H'lj 3f B X S 
 
 ^Caiton iiyer,SeaIe ^(^ok. 
 
 * - U.,JJ — -A " V 
 
 \-H 7 
 
585 
 
 DERBT SHIRE. 
 
 58 (^ 
 
 fecond, was created Earl Marfyal and Duke of 
 Norfolk j and, being banilh’d immediately 
 alter, he begat Thomas Earl Marfhal, who was 
 beheaded by Henry the fourth, and John Movy- 
 b}ay3 who, as alio his fon and grandfon, were 
 fucceffively Dukes of Norfolk, and Earls oi 
 Nottingham. But the iflue-male of this fa- 
 mily failing, and Richard, the infant-fon oi 
 Edward the fourth, and Duke of York, ha- 
 ving enjoy’d this title among othei'S for a lit- 
 tle time ; Richard the third honour’d William 
 Marquifs of Barkley, and Henry the eighth, 
 Hem-y Fitz.-Roy his natural fon, with this title 
 of Earl of Nottingham : but both dy’d without 
 f Lately., in iflue. And f in the year i^py. Queen Eliza- 
 tl)e year, c.beth folemnly iiwefted Charles Howard^ Lord 
 I! I-s C. High Admiral of England (who || was defeend- 
 ^4 Movsbrays) with this honour, for 
 
 his faithful and fuccefsful fendees by fea (as 
 the Charter of Creation has it) againft the 
 Sfianiard, in the year 1588, and for his taking 
 oi Cadiz in the y^ear he having the 
 
 command by Sea, as the Earl of Eflex had by 
 Land. (Which dying Anno 1^24, was 
 
 fucceeded by his fecond fon Charles j William 
 the cider brother dying before him, without 
 illue-male. This Charles was fucceeded by a 
 fon of his own name, who was likewife his 
 fecond fon, ^ames the elder dying unmarry’d. 
 In the 33d year of King Charles the fecond, 
 Sir Heneage Finchs Lord Finch of Daventry and 
 Keeper oi the Great Seal, was advanced to 
 the dignity of Earl of Nottingham j whofe 
 
 fon, the Right Honourable Daniel Finch, dothsee Burlf in 
 now enjoy the fame Honours.] kutlanJjhire,, 
 
 'There are 168 Parifij-Churches in this County. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Nottin- 
 ghamiliire. 
 
 Caryophyllus minor repens noftras. An Be- 
 tonica coronaria, five caryophyllata repens ru- 
 bra J. B. Purple creeping Mountain-Pink. By the 
 road-Jide on the fandy Inll you afeend going front 
 Lenton to Nottingham, plentifully, and in other 
 fandy grounds in this County. 
 
 Gramen tremulum medium elatius, albisglu- 
 mis non deferiptum. Said to groxv in a hollow 
 lane between Peafely and Mansfield by P. B. / have 
 not feen this fort of grafs my felf, nor do I much re- 
 ly on the authority of this book : only I propofe it 
 to be fearched out by the curious. 
 
 Glycyrrhiza vulgaris Ger. emac. Common Eng- 
 lifi) Liquorice. It is planted and cultivated forfale 
 at Workfop in this County : which Camden alfo takes 
 notice of. 
 
 Lychnis fylveftris alba nona Clufii Ger. emac. 
 montana vilcofa alba latifolia C.B. Sylveftris 
 alba five Ocimoides minus album Park. Pole- 
 monium petrxum Gefnerl J. B. White wild 
 Catchfly. On the walls of Nottingham-cafile, and 
 on the grounds thereabout. 
 
 Verbafeum pulverulentum flore luteo parvo 
 f. B. Hoary Mullein with fmall flowers. About 
 Wollatonrhall, the feat of my honoured Friend Sir 
 'Thomas Willoughby Baronet. 
 
 DERBT SHIRE. 
 
 N the Weft of Nottingham- 
 fliire, lies the County oi Derby, 
 in Saxon Deopbi-pcype, and 
 commonly Derbyfime ■, bounded 
 on the fouth by Leiceftcrihire, 
 on the weft by Staftbrdfhire, 
 and on the north by Yorkfhire. 
 It is in lhape like a triangle, but not equilate- 
 ral. For at the fouth point, it is hardly 6 miles 
 broad ; but widens fo by degrees on both fides, 
 that towards the north it is about 30 miles in 
 breadth. It is divided into two parts, by the 
 ' river Derwent running thro’ the middle ; which 
 riling in the northern border of it, flows with 
 f its black waters (colour’d by the foil it runs 
 
 * thro’) fouthward, to the 'Trent : For the Trent 
 croffes the fouth point which I juft now men- 
 tion’d. The eaft and fouth parts are well cul- 
 tivated, and pretty fruitful j and have many 
 Parks. The weft part beyond the Derwent, call’d 
 
 The Peak. Feake, is all rocky, rough, and mountai- 
 * nous, and confequently barren ; yet rich in 
 lead, iron, and coal, and convenient enough for 
 feeding of fheep. 
 
 The firft thing remarkable in the South-cor- 
 P . - ner, is Greifeley-caMo, a meer ruin ; which, with 
 CaSeV Monaftery of Sr. George there, was 
 
 The family Greifieys, formerly Lords of it, who 
 
 the Greineys. derived their pedigree from William^ fon of 
 Nigell firnam’d de Greifeley, and have flourifh d 
 
 * So faid Norman Conqueft * to our times, 
 
 am. 1607. in great honour ; which they long fince exceed- 
 ingly encreas’d, by marrying the daughter and 
 heir of the ancient family of Gafieneys.^ Upon 
 the river Dove, which, till it runs into the 
 Trent, is the bound between this County and 
 
 Staffordihire, there is nothing to Ise feen but 
 Country-villages ; and Afhburne, a Market- Alhburn. 
 town, where the family of iho^Coekains did+N°”'®^* 
 long flourifh ■, and Norbury, where that 
 ble and very ancient family the Fitz.-Herberts^°^ 
 have alfo long dwelt ; of which, was Anthony 
 FitzrHerbert, io highly honour’d among us, for 
 his great knowledge in the Common-Law. 
 
 Not far from this place, is Shirley, the ancient Shirley, 
 eftate of the famous family of the. Shirleys, who The family of 
 are defeended from one Fulcher j and, befides^^'^hiileys. 
 the antiquity of their family, have been much 
 honour’d and enrich’d by marriages with the 
 heirs of the Breofes, Bajfets of Brailesford, Stan- 
 tons, Lovetts J &c. Here are many places round, 
 w'hich have given both names and feats to 
 families of good note ; Longford, Bradburne, and 
 Kniveton, from whence f were the Knivetons of+ Are, C. ' 
 Manafion and Bradley, of which Family * is*Ann. i6oy^ 
 S. Lorn Kniveton, to whofe ftudy and diligence 
 I am much indebted : Alfa Keidelfion, where 
 the Curfons dwell, as likewife at Croxfow. Radborne, 
 burne, where Sir John Chandos Knight, Lord of 
 this place, laid the foundation of a ftately 
 houfe from whom by a daughter the Eftate 
 came by Inheritance to the Poles, who live 
 here at this day. Bur I leave thefe particulars 
 to a certain Gentleman, who * defigns a com- * 5^, 
 pleat Defeription of this County. ann. \ 6 th* 
 
 Upon the Trent, where it receives the Dove, 
 ftands Repandunum (fo our Hiftorians call it,) 
 but the Saxons bpepan^un [and bpeopandun,] 
 and we at this day Repm j which, from aReptoc, 
 large Town, is now dwindled into a fmall vil- 
 lage. For heretofore it was very famous, for 
 the burial of ALthelbald, the excellent King of 
 E e e e the 
 
CORITJNi: 
 
 588 
 
 King Bur- 
 thred. 
 
 ■Melborn. 
 
 * So faid, 
 ann. 1607 
 
 Chattef- 
 
 worth. 
 
 Lately 
 nifli’d, C. 
 
 Littk-Che 
 
 fler. 
 
 Derby 
 
 the Mercians (who loft his life by the treache- 
 ry of his own fubjeds, ) and of the other 
 Mercian Kings; and alio for the misfortune 
 of Bunbred for Burhredl the left King of the 
 Mercians, who after a reign of twenty years 
 (fupported by fawning and bribery) was here 
 dethron’d by the Danes, or rather was freed 
 from the fplendid Miferies of a Crown 1 
 Example may fticw us how weak and lUp- 
 
 pery thofe high places are that haye no other 
 
 fupport, but money. FHere Matilda., wife to 
 
 Rdph Earl of Chefter, founded _ a Priory of 
 Canons-Regular of the Order of Aullin, 
 in the year iiya. And fince the Diffolution 
 of Monafteries, Sir JohiVort of Ettaalt in this 
 County, by his laft Will, order d a Free-fehool 
 to be eredted, appointing certain lands in the 
 Counties of Derby and Lancafler, for the main- 
 tenance of this, and an Hofpital at Email: 
 both which are ftill in a profperous condi- 
 
 Next, not far from the Tdrent, ftands Mel- 
 born-, a Caftle of the Kings, but * now decay- 
 ■ iim apace; where John Duke of Bourbon, be- 
 ing taken prifoner in the. battle of Agin- 
 court, was kept nineteen years, in cuftody ot 
 Nicholas Moulgomery the younger. Scarce hve 
 miles from hence, to the North, lies the courie 
 of the river Dement, which (as I already ob- 
 ferv’d ) rifing out of Peak-hills in the North- 
 border of this County, flows for about thir- 
 ty miles (fometimes among great Stones, lome- 
 times through green meadows ) almoft in a 
 ftreight line to the South. Yet in all this 
 long courfe, it fees nothing Mltertaming, be- 
 fides Chattefinorth, a large, elegant and admira- 
 ble StruSure ; which was begun by Sir ml 
 Ham Candifb or Ca-vendifh Kt. defeended from 
 the noble and ancient family de Gernon in Suf- 
 folk, and t finifli’d at great expence by his 
 ' wife Eltaabeth, a Lady of great renown ; who 
 was alfo Counters of Shrewsbury. [But this 
 was pull’d down, and a new one far more 
 ftately and elegant ereSed, by William late 
 Duke of Devonihire ; remarkable (befides the 
 magnificence of the Fabrick) for a beautiful Cha- 
 pel and Hall, adorn’d with choice and curious 
 Paintings by the hand of the famous Vario ; 
 and tor Statues and Water-works, of moft rare 
 and exquifile Contrivance, which make the 
 Gardens extremely Entertaining.! 
 
 Where thoDetment turns its courfe to the eaft, 
 it pafles by Little-Chefier, i. e. a little city, where 
 old Roman Coins are often dug-up. fit has 
 now not above tw enty houfes in it, and none 
 of them .ancient. But it’s Antiquity is fuffi- 
 ciently attefted (as we have faid) by the many 
 pieces of Roman Coyn, found both in digging 
 of Cellars, and plowing. Some of them are 
 of brafs, fome of fih'er, and fome few ot 
 gold ; bearing the Infcription and Image ot 
 {everal of the Roman Emperors. In a clear 
 day, the foundation of d bridge may ^ be feen, 
 crofling the river to Darley-hilli which over- 
 looks the Town.1 Upon the fame river ftands 
 Derby, in Saxon Kopcbpopcbig, and in DaniJI) 
 (as that ancient writer Ethelxuerd tells us) Deo- 
 raby, the chief Town of the Shire ; deriving 
 its name Tperhapsl from the Deriuent upor 
 which it ftands, and giving it to the County 
 for rather it may have been fo called from its 
 being a fhelter for Deer, which is imply d in 
 the Saxon name Deojiaby. And what further 
 confirms this, is, that it was formerIy_ a Park, 
 and in the Arms of the Town to this day is 
 a buck couchant in a park. Which, joyn d to the 
 Lodge-lane, (ftill the name of a paflage into the 
 NuW’green ) as they feem to put the original 
 
 paft doubt, fo do they fhewthe ancient condition 
 of the place. When this rown was built, does 
 not appear ; but its privileges and ancient 
 Charters argue it to be ot good antiquity. It 
 is exempted from paying toll in London, or any 
 other place, except in IVmchefter, and fome 
 few other Tow'iis j and is a Staple-town for 
 Wool, a very ancient manufaaure of this King- 
 dom. There was formerly in it a Chapel de- 
 dicated to James, near which, in digging 
 fome cellars and foundations of houfes, bones 
 of a great fize have been found. And on the . 
 north-fide of St. James s lane, within the com- 
 pafs of ground where the Chapel ftood, a large 
 Stone was made bare j and this being gently 
 removM, there appeared a ftone-coffin, with a 
 very prodigious corps in it ; but this, upon 
 the firft motion of the ftone, turn’d into 
 duft. The Coffin was fo cut as to have a 
 round place made for the head ; wide about 
 the fhoulders, and fo narrower down to 
 the feet. On the foiith-eaft corner of the 
 Town, there formerly ftood a Caftle ; though 
 there have been no remains of it within the 
 memory of man. But that there was one here- 
 tofore, appears from the name of the hill, 
 call’d Cow-Cafile-bill i and from the ftreet lead-Cow-caftle. 
 ing weft to St. Peter's Church, which in ancient hhl. 
 
 Deeds bears the name of Cafile-gate.'] The 
 
 Town is neat, and pretty large, and well 
 
 peopled ; on the eaft-part, the river Derwent 
 
 runs very pleafantly with a full and brisk 
 
 ftream under a fair ftone bridge j upon which 
 
 ftands a neat Chapel, built by our pious_ An- 
 
 ceftors, fbut now neglecfted. It was dedicated 
 
 to Sr. Mary ; and, in the reign of K. Charles 
 
 the fecond, was a little repaired, and made 
 
 a Meeting-houfe for fome time ; but it is fince 
 
 new-built, and converted into a Dye-houfe.l 
 
 The South-part of the Town is crofs’d by a 
 
 little clear river which they C9.W Mertenbroke. R Mertenbrokej 
 
 has five Churches; thegreateft of which, dedi-riv. 
 
 cated to All-Saints, has a Steeple _ particularly 
 
 famous for height and workmanfhip. In this, 
 
 the Countefs of Shrewsbury, whom we juft 
 
 now mention’d, diftrufting the care and^ affe- 
 
 aion of her heirs, built her felf a Tomb, 
 
 and an Hofpital hard by for the maintenance of 
 
 twelve poor people, eight men and four w^o- 
 
 men. 1 In the fame Church of All-Saints, is 
 
 alfo a noble Monument for the Earl of De- 
 
 vonfhire, and the Countefs, his Lady. And 
 
 a third, for Richard Crafhaw of London, who 
 
 dy’d the 20 th of Jtine An. He was 
 
 originally a poor boy, a Nailer’s fon, and went ^ 
 
 to London in a fait of Leather; but having by 
 
 his own Induftry got a confiderable Eftate, he 
 
 letc at his death (befides many charitable Afts 
 
 in his life ) above four thoufand Pounds to 
 
 the maintenance of Leaures, relief of the Poor, 
 
 &C.1 This place is memorable for _ being a 
 * Retreat to the plundering Danes, till Ethel- -k zatibujum* 
 ieda, the viaorious Lady of the Mercians, took 
 it by furprize, and put them to the fword. In 
 E( u ard the Confeflbr’s time (as it is in Do- 
 mefda>) there were one hundred forty three 
 Burgelles in it ; which number was fo much 
 leflen’d, that in William the Conqueror’s mgn 
 there were only one hundred remaining. Lhefe 
 at thefeafi of S. Martin paid 12 trabes of corn to Tins Teems to 
 King. Its prefent reputation is from the AB~meinThraves 
 zes for the County which ^are held here, ^^nd ^ 
 
 trom the excellent Ale brew’d in it ; a word, call’d Curmi 
 deriv’d from the Danifti Oel, and not fromjnDiofcori- 
 Alica, as Ruellius would have it. The 
 tains exprefs’d it by the old word Kwrw, tor 
 which Curmi is falfly read in Diofcorides, where 
 he favs that the Britanni and the (perhaps 
 ^ he 
 
D 
 
 589 
 
 he means ffifow) drank a™;, a liquor made 
 ot Barley, mltead of Wine. For this is our 
 B.arley-wme which Julian the Apoftate in- 
 genioufly calls, m an Epigram of his, 
 s B Bc'am Tlx offspring of Corn, and ■wine 
 
 in, thorn w,ne. 1 his is the ancient and peculiar 
 Liquor ot the Englilh, and Britains ; ™d 
 rery wholefom it is, notwithllanding that 
 Henry ot Aiiraunches the Norman, Pocr-iau- 
 
 •r- Henry the third, plays upon 
 
 It m thefe Verfes ^ r j r 
 
 Nefdo quod Stygia monjlrum conforme pa- 
 ludiy 
 
 Cernjifiam plerique vacant : ml fpijjlus ilia 
 
 Dum Jjibitur^ till clarius efl dum rningitur, 
 
 Confint quod multas faces in ventre relin- 
 quit. . 
 
 Of this firange Drink fo like the Stygian 
 lake, 
 
 Men call it AIoj 
 make. 
 
 They drink it thick, and pifs it wondrous 
 thin ; 
 
 What ftore of dregs muft needs remain 
 within i 
 
 D ERBT S H I R E. 
 
 590 
 
 I know not what to 
 
 The Barons 
 Montjoy. 
 
 Tiirnehus, ofHowever, one of the mod learned men in 
 Wine. France, does not queftion but they who drink 
 this Liquor, if they avoid excefs,will live longer 
 than if they drank wine ; and that this is the 
 caufe, why fome among us that drink ale, live 
 to the age of an hundred years. Yet Ajck- 
 fiades n\ Plutarch (fpeaking of fome Britains 
 * who liv’d to the age of one hundred and twen- 
 
 ty years) aferibes it to the coldnefs of the 
 Climate, which preferves the natural heat of 
 our bodies. 
 
 The wealth of this Town depends in great 
 * propoUa. meafure upon * a retail-trade ; which is, to buy 
 corn, and fell it again to the high-land coun- 
 tries ; for the Tovvn confifts chiefly of this 
 fort of Merchants. 
 
 Not far from hence, the courfe of the river 
 Derwent lies through the place where Ralph de 
 Montjoy had lands in Edward the firfl’s reign 
 Elwaflon. and then it runs by Elwaflony the birth-place 
 of Walter Blunt, w'ho was rais’d by Edward 
 the fourth to the dignity of Baron of Mont- 
 joy : whofe pofterity equall’d the glory of their 
 defcent, by the glory of their learning ,* and 
 ^Now Charles | Earl of Devotifhire, 
 
 Baron of Montjoy, Lord-deputy of Ireland, and 
 
 / Is, C. Knight of the Garter, f| Was fo eminent for 
 virtue and learning, that in thofe refpe<Ss he 
 . fuperior, and but few equals. Below 
 
 this place, the Derwent runs into the Trrent, 
 which foon after receives Erewajh, the bottn- 
 dary hereabouts between this and Nottingham- 
 t^^fo7aid Upon it, Hands Rifeley, that f belongs 
 
 anru 1^07.^^ > of which Family (as I have 
 
 ’heard) was Sir Hugh Willoughby Knight, who 
 in difeovering the frozen Sea near IVardhous 
 in Scandia, was ftarv’d to death, with his' 
 Sardiacre. w'hole company* Near it, alfo. Hands Sandia- 
 cre, or, as others would have it, Saincl Diaae, 
 Grey of q( noble family of the Greys of San- 
 
 an lacrc. -whofe eHate came to Ed-ward Hilary in 
 
 right of his wife (his fon taking the name of 
 Grey ) one of whofe daughters and heirs, 
 fome few years after, was marry’d to Sir John 
 Leak Knight, and the other to John IVelfj. 
 
 On the Eaft-fide i there Hand in order, to the 
 Codenor-Ca- Codenor, heretofore Coutenoure, a Caftle 
 
 faid which belong’d to the Barons Grey (Hil d Lords 
 ann. 1607. Grey of Codenor,) whofe eHate * in the laH 
 
 age came by marriage to the Zouebes ; for John 
 de la Zouch focond fon of William Lord de Baron, Grey 
 la iouch ot Hanngworth, marry’d £&afcfA,°f Codnor. 
 heir to Hm-q Grey, the lafl: Lord of Codenor. 
 
 IVirtfeld, a noble manour, where Ralph wintdd 
 Lord Cromwel i„ the reign of Henry the ' 
 lixth, built a houfe, very fiately, conlidering 
 that age. Then Alffreton, wiiich is thought to Alffreton. 
 
 ave been built by King Alfred, and nam’d 
 from him. It has likew'ife had its Lords, fir- 
 nam d from it De Aljreton 5 of whom, the fe- 
 cond, the fon of Ranulph, built the 
 
 little MonaHery de Bello Capite, commonly Beau- 
 chiej, in the remoteH corner of this County. 
 
 But a few years after, for default of heirs- 
 male, tip eHate pafs d with two daughters to 
 the family ot the Cadmd, ot Chawo;-th, and to 
 the Lathams in the County of Lancalicr. Their 
 
 0’> « Shield A-noAtwtoe 
 
 ^ure. Which very Coat the Mafards, Barons oftlie Baron, of 
 btaveley in this County, did likew'ife b“ar but Alfreton. 
 with different colours ; who. in the reign of^“''''"’ 
 Edward the firft, were extina in N. Mufard ; 
 and his eldeft lifter was marry d to T. de Fref- 
 cheotill, whofe pofterity flourilh here f at thist So faid,' 
 day ; fof which Family, John Fnfchciiille, in“"”' ‘^°7- 
 confideration of his eminent Services to King 
 Charles the firft, was in the iS'ii year of King 
 Charles the fecond, created Lord Frefdx- 
 viUe of _ &OTc/iy.l Higher .p, on the very 
 edge of the County eaftv ard, and upon a 
 rough ground, fends Hardwkl,, which has Hardwick, 
 given name to a famous family in this County j 
 from whom * was defeended Eliz.abeth G.uu-Is, C. 
 tefs of Shrewsbury, who here J laid the foun--f- Hath now 
 dation of two ftately Houfes, almoft joining G 
 one to the other, which make a very b.iufitul 
 Show at a great diftance, by reafon of their 
 high fituation. The title of this Bor vy was 
 enjoy’d by MAllimn Casoendifh her lecond fon, 
 who was advanc’d by King James Tche flrH.ldiS’ 
 to the honour of Baron Cavendijh of Hvird- 1605. 
 wick; fand after that, by the fame Pnnee, to 
 the dignity of Earl of DevonHiire j and v'h-.le 
 defeendants have been fince further honour’d gg* « 
 with the additional titles of Marquifs of Ha,- (hire, 
 tir^ton and Duke of Devonlhire. ; ' * 
 
 More inward, we fee Chefierfield in -S'MJ'/^ifl/e,chefter£eld. 
 that is, in a Dale enclos d with rocks : (For rocks 
 or crags were call’d Scarrs by the Saxons j f.ind 
 are fo called to this day in the northern parts 
 of Great Britain.1 Both the ruins of the 
 walls, and this new name, prove it to be of 
 great Antiquity: but the old name of it is quite 
 loft ; and it is only mention’d in Authors, 
 on account of a Battle between Henry the 
 third and the Barons ; in which Robert de 
 Ferrariis the Lift Earl of Derby of that family 
 was taken, and degraded by Adt of Parlia- 
 ment : after which, he liv’d privately, and his 
 Pofterity only enjoy’d the title of Batons. 
 
 [This place hath given the title of Earl, to 
 Philip Lord Stanhope of Shelford, who was crea- 
 ted Aug. 4. 4 Car. I, and was fucceeded in 
 that honour by Philip Lord Stanhope, his grand- 
 child, by Henry his eldeft fon. Scarfdak alfo, 
 the Divifion wherein Cheferfdd Hands, hath 
 afforded the title of Earl to Francis Leak Lord 
 Deincourt oi Sutton, created 11. 1545; 
 
 and after that to Nicholas his fon, ai;d Robert 
 his grandfon : Who dying without ilfue-male, 
 the title came to Nicholas ( as fon of Rkhurd 
 Leak, fecond fon to Nichcleu Leak Earl of 
 Scarfdalc, and younger brother to the Laft 
 Robert) who is the prefetit Earl.l 
 
 Next Cheflerfeld, to the weft, lies Walton, which Walton, 
 by Inheritance defeended from the Bretons, by 
 Loudham, to the Foliambs, a Family of great 
 
 namp 
 
591 
 
 CORITANI. 
 
 592 
 
 Sutton. name in thofe pr.rts. To the eaft, lies Sumn, 
 
 \vhere the ftbrementionedl family of the Leah 
 have long flouriflU'd, ffirlll with the degree of 
 Knighthood, fand fince, as hath been faidj 
 with the more honourable titles of Lord 
 Deincourc of Sutton, and Earl of Scarf- 
 dale.l , 
 
 At fome fmall diftance from hence, Itands 
 Bolfovcr. Bolfover, an old Caftle feated upon a rifing 
 ground, which formerly belong d to the Ha- 
 jlings Lords of Abergavenny, by exchange with 
 King Henry the third } who being unwilling 
 that the County of Chefier to which it belong d, 
 fhould be parceled out among_ difiaffs, gave 
 other lands, here and there, in lieu thereof, to 
 the filters of John Scot, the laft Earl. 
 
 The weft part, on the other fide the Df>- 
 xvent, which is nothing but hills and mountains 
 (for which reafon perhaps, it was heretofore 
 Tlx Peak, call’d Peaclonb in Saxon, and Peake at this 
 day ; for that word wnth us fignifies eminence) 
 is fever’d from Staft’ordfhire by the Do've,^ a 
 very fwift and clear river ; of which in its 
 proper place. This part, though rough and 
 craggy in fome places, has alfo grafly hills and 
 vales, which feed abundance of Cattle, and 
 great flecks of Sheep, very feeurely. For now 
 Wolres. there is no danger of Wolves in thefe placeS; 
 
 though infefted by them heretofore ; for the 
 hunting and taking of which, fome perfons held 
 W'ormhill. lands here at Wormhill, from whence thofe per- 
 Incj. 2Ed.2. fons were call’d Wohebunf, as is manifeft from 
 the Records of the Tower. It produces fo 
 Lead. much Lead, that the Chymifts (who condernn 
 the Planets to the Mines, as if they were guil- 
 Broda:us. ty of fbme great crime) tell us, ridiculoufty as 
 well as falfly, that Saturn whom they make to 
 prefide over Lead, is very gracious to us, be- 
 caufe he allows us this Metal but that he is 
 difpleas’d with the French, as having deny’d it 
 them. However, I am of opinion, that Pliny 
 fpoke of this traft, in that paftage of his ; In 
 Britain, in the very upper crtifl of the ground, 
 Lead is dug-np in fuch plenty, that a Law is 
 made ck purpoje to flint them to a fet quantity. 
 J^Upiies Out of thefe Mountains, f Lead-ftones ( fo 
 plumbarii. the Miners call them) are daily dug-up in great 
 abundance, which they melt dow'n with large 
 wood fires, upon thofe hills expos’d to the 
 Weft-wind (about -Creach, and Workefworth fo 
 called from the Lead-works, ) at certain times 
 when that wind begins to blow^, which they 
 find by experience to be the moft conftant and 
 lafting of all vdnds : and then, digging Cha- 
 nels tor it to run into, they work it into 
 ^■cu'ei-. And not only Lead, but Stibium alfo, 
 Antimory. call’d Antimony in the fliops, is found here in 
 diftina veins j which was us’d formerly in 
 Greece by the women to colour their eye-brows, 
 and upon that account, the Poet Ion calls it 
 Mlll-ftones. MiU-ftoiies alfo and Grind-ftones 
 
 Grind-floncs. dug here j and fometimes there is found in 
 Fluores. thefe Mines a kind of white Fluor, that is in 
 0J. all refpeas like Cryftal (for thofe Stones wliich 
 ' are found in Mines, like Jewels, are call’d 
 * MetaBici. Fluores by the * workers in Metals,) Befides 
 IVorkefworth, there is nothing that deferves 
 mentioning, but Haddon, upon the river JVye, 
 Vernon, for a long time the feat of the Vernons, not 
 only an ancient bur a very famous family in 
 thofe parts ; infomuch, that Sir George Vernon, 
 II In our time, Knight, who lived || in the laft age fave one, 
 C. by his magnificence and hofpitality gained 
 
 the name of King of the Peak among the vu- 
 lgar. By his daughters and heirs, this noble 
 Eftatc was transferr’d to John Mannours of 
 the Family of the Earls of Rutland, and 
 
 to ‘Thomas Stanley defeended from the Earls 
 
 of Derby, fin the grounds belonging to 
 Haddon-houfe, (a ftately building with noble Haddon- 
 Gardens, and a feat of the Dukes of Rut- 
 land,) was dug-up this Altar, cut in a rough 
 fort of Scone, fuch as the Houfe it felf is built 
 of : 
 
 DEO 
 MARTI 
 BRACIACiEl 
 O S I T T I V S 
 C2ECILIAN. 
 
 PR2EFE C T. 
 
 TRO:::::::t 
 
 V. s. 
 
 This (wdth one or two more, which were 
 broken and very imperfeft, and without any di- 
 redion w'here they were found, ) were copy’d 
 out by * a learned Perfon now dead, whofe * 
 large Colledionof Antiquities, being purchas’d fcoa/f. Mini- 
 by Mr. Thoresby of Leeds, are now part of 
 large and valuable Treafure, which remains^^^^^^^" 
 in the pofl'eflion of his fon. Among the reft, 
 
 W'as a piece of a bone, and a tooth, of a won- 
 derful proportion ; dug-up near Bradwall, a- 
 bout level! miles from Haddon. The tooth 
 (though about a quarter of it is broken oft,) 
 is thirteen inches and a half in compafs, weigh- 
 ing three pound, ten ounces, and three quar- 
 ters. With thefe, vvere likewfife found many 
 other bones, which were broken and difpers’d > 
 with the Skull, which held feven pecks of 
 Corn, as feveral perfons of good credit affirm’d. 
 
 Upon the fight of the tooth, a f learned per-,^Dr.jffl&'«/'’»4 
 fon took it to be the Dens molaris of an Ele- 
 )hant, and writ a Difeourfe upon it j but the 
 Late Author of the Natural Hiftory of Lan- 
 cafhire and Chefhire (fpeaking of thefe Bones,) 
 takes them, and others of the fame kind, to 
 be only Sports of Nature, in fparr and other 
 indurated Bodies, w'hich, he reckons, were all 
 fluid at firft, and capable of any Impref- 
 fion.l 
 
 Near this, lies BakeweU, upon the fame little Bakewell. 
 river, which makes it felf a paflage among 
 thefe hills into the Derwent. This was call’d 
 by the Saxons Ba66ecanyell fand Ba6ecanpylla;l 
 and Marianus tells us, that Edw'ard the Elder 
 built a Fort there. Whether it took this*5ar^a« 
 name from the Baths there, which the old ccnfiituijfe, 
 Euglifti call’d Bade and Baden ( as the Ger- 
 mans likewife did, from whence are the 
 names of Baden in Germany, and Buda in \ 
 
 Hungary ; ) I cannot tell. This is certain, 
 that at the rife of the river not far from 
 hence, there are nine Springs of hot water, 
 call’d at prefent Buseton-weU ; W'hich being found Buxton-wclI, 
 by experience to be very good for the ftomach, 
 the nerves, and the whole body, the moft ho- 
 nourable George Earl of Shrewsbury* adorn’d* Hath ute- 
 them with buildings ; upon which they fbeganly adorn’d^, 
 to be frequented by great numbers of theNo-T »egin, L, 
 bility and Gentry. About that time, the un- 
 fortunate and heroick Princefs Mary ^een of 
 Scots took her farewell of Buxton in this diftich ; 
 being Cajfar’s Verfes upon Feltria, apply’d to 
 Buxton : 
 
 Buxtona qua calida celebrabere nomine lym- 
 pha. 
 
 Forte mihi poflhac non adcunda, vale. 
 
 whofe fame thy Baths (hall ever tell. 
 
 Whom I, perhaps, ftlan’t fee again, farewell. 
 
 But 
 
593 
 
 D ERBT S H I R E. 
 
 Bathgate. 
 
 Burgh, 
 
 Devil’s Arfe 
 in the Peake, 
 
 But this is foreign to my bufiiiefs. That thefe 
 Baths were anciently known, the Cart-road or 
 Roman Caufey call’d Bathgate^ which continues 
 feven miles from hence to the little villa<re 
 Burgh, does plainly teftify : [and much more 
 plainly, the Roman Wall, cemented with red 
 Roman Plaifter, clofe by St. Ann\ Wellj where 
 are the ruins of the ancient Bath .1 Near this 
 Burgh, {lands an old Caftle upon the top of 
 a hill, formerly belonging to the Peverells, 
 call d the Cafile in the Peake, and in Latin Dt 
 46 Edw. 3. alto Percoj which K. Edward the third gave with 
 this Manour and Honour to John Duke of Lan- 
 cafter his fon, upon />wfurrender of the Earldom 
 of R ichniond to him. TNot far from whence, 
 Mamlbr. is Mamjor, a Hill on which a Fortification is 
 feen, and a Spring within it.l Below the faid 
 Caftle, is a Den or Cave under-ground, which 
 (faving your prefence) is call’d the Devil^s Arfe, 
 very wide and gaping, and having many apart-^ 
 ments in it ; wherein Gervafius Tilburienfis, 
 whether out of ignorance or a lying humour, 
 tells us that a Shepherd faw a fpacious Coun- 
 try, \vith many rivulets, and vaft pools of 
 {landing water. Yet from fuch {lories, is this 
 Hole reckon’d among the Prodigies of England. 
 The fame fort of Fables are iikewife told of 
 another Cave in this neighbourhood, call’d 
 Elden-hole, which is wonderful for nothing 
 but bignefs, fleepnefs, and depth f(it hath 
 been plumb’d to the depth of eight hundred 
 fathoms, and no bottom found.)'l But, that 
 Winds have their vent here, is a miflake in 
 thofe who have writ fo j nor are thofe Ver- 
 fes of Necham concerning the Miracles of Eng- 
 gland, applicable to either Cave : 
 
 Efi fpecus JEoliis mentis obnoxia femper, 
 Impetm e gemino ntaximpu ore venit. 
 
 Cogitur injeEium velamen adire fupernas 
 Partes, defeenfum impedit aura potens. 
 
 Vex’d with perpetual {forms, a Cave there 
 lies 
 
 Where from two holes the {Iruggling blafts 
 arife. 
 
 Throw in a Cioath, you’ll fee it {Irait 
 afeend. 
 
 For all’s bore upward by the conqu’ring 
 wind. 
 
 594 
 
 Elden-hole. 
 
 CoytmofTe. 
 
 Poolcs-hole, 
 
 / 
 
 PNear Buxton alfo, by a hill call’d Coyt- 
 mojfe, is a very wonderful Cave, nam’d Pooles- 
 hole. It’s entrance is very flrait and low j but 
 ten yards inwards, you have room to tofs a 
 fpear j being of a confiderable height, and 
 not unlike the roof of fome large Cathedral. In 
 y mofl parts of the Cave, there are little drop- 
 
 ■ ping waters, which, having a petrifying virtue, 
 
 make many curious fhapes, and fanciful works, 
 upon the {ides. At a little diftance from 
 hence, is a fmall clear brook, memorable for 
 being made up both of hot and cold water, 
 fo joyn’d in the fame flream, that you may 
 at once put the finger and thumb of^ the fame 
 hand, one into hot water, and the other into 
 cold. In thofe parts alfo, near a Village call’d 
 Byreh-over. Byrcli-over, is a large rock ; and upon it, are 
 tw'o tottering Scones : one of thefe is four 
 yards in height and twelve yards about, and 
 yet it refls upon a point, lb equally pois’d, 
 that one may move it with a finger. Which 
 we the rather mention here, becaufe Main- 
 amber in Cornwall, a {lone which was much 
 like this, is now thrown down.l 
 
 But the things fmoftl remarkable in this 
 high and rough Country, a certain perfon has 
 
 to comprife in thefe four Ver- 
 
 Mira alto Pecco tria funt, barathrum, fpe- 
 cus, antrum ; 
 
 Commoda tot, plumbum, grameu, ovile 
 pecus. 
 
 rot ffemfa fmul funt, Caflnm, Balnea, 
 
 Chatfworth : 
 
 Phira fed occurrmt, qutc fpeciofa minus. 
 
 Nine things that pleafe us at the Peak 
 
 we fee, | 
 
 A Cave, a Den, and Hole, the Wonders ! 
 be, ^ 
 
 Lead, Sheep, and Failure, are the ufeful I 
 three : j 
 
 Chatfworth, the Callle, and the Bath, de- 
 light j 
 
 Much more you’ll find, but nothing worth 
 your fight. 
 
 fAnd Mr. Hobbesh^s comprehended the Seven 
 Wonders in this one Verfe ; 
 
 .lEdes, Mons, Barathrum, Bintu fans, Antra- 
 que bina. 
 
 Houfe, Mountain, Depth, two Fountains, 
 and two Caves.l 
 
 Thofe of the family of Peverel, who, as I 
 faid before, were Lords of Nottingham, are alfo Lords and 
 faid to have been Lords of Derby. Afterwards, Earls of Der- 
 King Richard the firll gave and confirm’d to his 
 brother John, the Counties and Cajiles of Not- Simeon Da- 
 tingham, Lancafler, Derby, &c, with the Honours nelmenfis. 
 
 ig to them, and alfo the Honour of p 
 
 After him, thofe of the family of the Fer-^^^l 
 rars (as I gather from the Regifters of T’ut- 
 hury, Merivall, and Burton Monaileries) w'ere 
 Earls ; vix,. William de Ferrariis fon of the daugh- 
 ter and heir of Peverel, whom King John (as ancient 
 it is in an ancient Charter) i| created Earl ofcharter, 
 Derby with his own hands : William his fon •, i Joan, 
 and Robert the fon of this William, who in the II &c. 
 Civil wars was fo entirely llrip’d of this dignity, 
 that none of his poflerity, though they liv’d in 
 great fplendour, were ever reflor’d. A great 
 part of Robert’s Eftate was given by King 
 Henry the third to his younger fon Edmund i 
 and King Edward the third (fo fays the ori- 
 ginal record ) gave by Aft of Parliament to 
 Henry of Lanc^er, the fon of Henry Earl of 
 Lancaller, the Earldom of Derby, to him and 
 his heirs i and did Iikewife fettle on him one 
 thoufand marks yearly, during the life of Hen- 
 ry Earl of Lancailer his father. From that 
 time, the title continu’d in the family of Lan- 
 c^er, till Henry the feventh bellow’d it upon y 
 Thomm Stanley, who had marry’d Margaret thet^vt^, in Lan- 
 King’s mother, fto whom fucceeded cafliire ; more 
 
 Edward, Henry, and Ferdinand •, and f then 1 of this Fa- 
 
 liam, the fixth Earl of Derby, a perfon 
 great worth and honour, f Which WiUiam, de- See Latham 
 parting this life id42, was fucceeded by in Itoafajhire. 
 James his fon and heir, eminent for his good 
 fervices to King Charles the firft, as was alfo 
 his excellent Lady Charlotte. But, after the fight 
 at Worcefier, he being taken in Chefhire, and 
 upon the 15 th of O^ober beheaded at Bolton 
 Lancafhire, was fucceeded by Charles his 
 fon. Which Charles was fucceeded in this ho- 
 nour, firfl by WiUiam-Richard-George his eldeft 
 fon, and then ( he dying without iflue-male, 
 and alfo Robert his {econd fon dying young) 
 bv James his third fon, the prefent Earl. 
 
 ^ F f f f Tfbus 
 
•thus far, of the Counties of Nottingham and 
 Derby J tuhkh were, in part, inhabited by thofe who in 
 Bede’j time were call’d Mercii Aquilonares (tc- 
 taufe they dwelt beyond the T’rent, northward; 
 and who pofiefsy, as he fays, the land of feven 
 thoufaiid families. 
 
 T'his County has in it io6 Parijhei 
 
 More rare Plants groiuing wild in Derbyfliire. 
 
 Aifme pufilla pulchro flore, folio tenuiffimo 
 noftras feu Saxifraga pufilla caryophylloides, 
 flore albo pulchello. Small fine-leav*d mountain 
 Chkkweedi with a milk-white fiower. In the moun- 
 tainous parts of Derbyjhire about JVorkefworth and 
 elfewhere, plentifully. 
 
 Cochlearia rotundifolia Ger. major rotundi 
 folia live Batavorum. Park. Common round-leaved 
 Scurvy-grafs or garden Scurvy-grafs. On the mom 
 tains at Cajilem in the Peak, about the great fub 
 terraneous vault or hole. 
 
 Lapathum folio acuto, flore aureo C. B. an- 
 thoxanthon J. B. Golden Dock. In the meadows 
 by the Yoad-fide leading to Swarfton-bridge. which 
 in winter-time in floods are overflown by the Trent. 
 
 Trachelium maj'us Belgarum Park, majus 
 Bclgarum live Giganteum Park. Campanula 
 maxima, foliis latiffimis C. B. Giant throat-wort. 
 In the mountainous pafture-fields by the hedge-Jides, 
 &c. plentifully^ as well in this County as in T&rfe- 
 fljire, Stafirdjhire^ Nottinghamjhire. 
 
 Viola tricolor Ger. tricolor major & vulgaris 
 Park. Jacea tricolor, five Trinitatis flos f. B. 
 Panfles or Hearts-eafe. In the mountains among the 
 corn, and upon the mud-walls and fences of Stone. 
 
 Viola montana lutea grandiflora noftraS. 
 Flammea lutea feu 5 Ger. Panfles with a large 
 yellow flower. In the mountainous pafiures of the 
 Peak in feveral places^ principally where the foil is 
 moifl and boggyf. 
 
 Vitis Idara Temper virens fru«^u rubro f.B. 
 Idsa, foliis fubrotundis non crenatis, fructu ru- 
 bro C. B. Vaccinia rubra Ger. rubra buxeis 
 foliis Park. Red-whorts or Bilberries. In the 
 mountains of the Peak plentifully. 
 
 On the mountains in the Peak grow alfo thofe 
 great mojfes called Mufcus clavatus five Lycopo- 
 dium, Cliib-mofs or IVolves-claWi and Mufcus 
 eredus abietiformis, Firr-leaved mofs. Oj which 
 we have made mention^ and given the Synonymes in 
 
 Torkfhire. a i • -it 
 
 Nothing more common there than Alcnimiila vul- 
 garis or common Ladies mantle y known to the vul- 
 gar by the name oj Bearsfoot. 
 
 
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CORNAVII. 
 
 Aving furvey d, in order, the Counties of the Coritani, luho were feated in 
 tte hVeftern Parts ; we proceed to take a view of the Cornabii or Cornavii ; 
 the original of which name, / mufl leave to others. It is true, I could wreft 
 it to this and^ that Jignification : hut fitice none wiU either fuit the nature of the 
 place, or genius of the people, I Jhall not fweU my hook with them. To purfue 
 my dejign therefore, 1 fhall feverally go through thofe Provinces, which {accord- 
 ing to Ptolemy s defcription) the Cornavii feem to have pofefs^ d, {viza.f War- 
 wickfhire, Worcefterfhire, Stafibrdfhire, Shropfhire,' and Chefhire. In 
 7 , y • r vjhich, not the leaf footflep of the name Cornavii remains at this day ; 
 
 aimugh ttjeems to have continud down to the declenfjon of the Roman Empire. For the \ Troops of ^ Numeri & 
 t^ t^ornavii jerv d under the later Emperors j as may he feen in the * Breviary of the Weftern Turms. 
 tmpire. * j^o- 
 
 W ARW ICKS HI RE. 
 
 H E County of tf^arwick, call’d 
 by the Saxons, as at prefenc, 
 hHarwickfhire, fand by the Sa- 
 xon Annals F^pmsj-Cype ; 1 is 
 bounded on the Eaft with 
 Northatnptonfhire, Leicefter- 
 . ^ fliirc, and the Military way 
 
 mention d before ; on the South, with Ox- 
 lordfhire and Glocefterfliire j on the Weil, for 
 the grcatcft part, with Worcefterlhire ; and on 
 the North, with Staftordfhire. It is divided 
 into two parts, the Feldon and the Woodland, 
 I. e. the Champain, and the Woody Country ; 
 fever d in fome fort by the river Avon, run- 
 ning obliquely from North-eaft to South-weft, 
 through the middle of the County. [That 
 the firft of thofe was once exceeding popu- 
 lous, may be infer’d from the numbers of 
 villages enter’d in Domefday ; the fituations 
 of which are now known only by their ruins, 
 or at moft by a cottage or two of a Shepherd, 
 who ranges over and manages as much ground, 
 as would have employ’d a dozen Teams, and 
 maintain’d forty or fifty families. The reafon 
 of converting fo much Tillage into Pafture in 
 this part, feems to be the great progrefs that 
 the Wbodlanders have made in Agriculture, by 
 which means the County began to want pa- 
 fture. For the Iron-works in the Counties 
 round, deftroy’d fuch prodigious quantities of 
 w'ood, that they laid the Country more open, 
 and by di^rees made room for the plough. 
 Whereupon, the Inhabitants of the Woodland, 
 partly by their own induftry, and partly by 
 the alTiftance of Marie, and of other ufeful 
 contrivances, have turn’d fo much of Wood 
 and Heath-land into Tillage and Pafture, that 
 they produce corn, cartel, cheefc, and butter 
 enough, not only for their own ufc, bur alfo 
 to furnifti other Counties i whereas, w ithin 
 the memory of man, they were fupply’d w ith 
 Corn, &c. from the Feldoi?. : 
 
 On the South-fide of Avon, lies Feldon, a Feldon. 
 champain Country, whofe fertile fields of com, 
 and verdant paftures, yield a moft delightful 
 profpe^ from the top of Edge-hill ; \ which hath 
 been made remarkable, by the fignal * battel * Sept. 9,' 
 fought there between the King and Parliament. 1^42* 
 
 The generality of our Hiftorians compute the 
 number of the llain to have been five or fix 
 thoufand, but by the furvey taken by a * neigh- * Mr. tifhtrg 
 bouring Clergyman (appointed by the Earl of 
 Eft'ex tor that purpofe,) the lift of the flain ’“^*‘”** 
 amounted only to thirteen hundred and odd.l 
 Where this line of hills ends, near Warming- 
 ton, I faw a large | fquare military entrench- Roundj C. 
 ment, which I iuppofe (like others of the fame 
 kind) was caft-up, and made, for prefent de- 
 fence againft the fudden inroads of fome ejie- 
 my. rit contains about twelve acres j near 
 which, within our memory, were found a Sword 
 of Brafs, and a battel-ax.l From the red foil 
 hereabouts [ a village at the foot of EdghiW\ 
 is call’d Rodway, or |1 Ratley, fin Domefday|| 
 
 Rotelei f\ and a great part of the Vale is call’d ’ ' 
 
 the Vale of Red horfe, from the figure of a horfe, xhe vale of 
 cut by the country-people in the fide of theRcd«horfe. 
 hill near * Tyfoe, out of red colour’d earth j [the * 
 trenches which form it, being cleanfed and^°"» * 
 
 kept open by a neighbouring Freeholder, who 
 enjoys divers lands by that fervice .1 In this 
 part of the County, the places w'orthy of note, 
 are Shipfton and Kynton, the former an ancient shlpfton in 
 market for Jheep j the latter for kine or heajls ; Woreefler-j 
 from whence both fmay feem to havel de-^ihe. 
 riv’d their names. fOnlyj as to Kineton, there 
 is this objedtion, that Henry the firft gave the 
 Church under the name of Chinton to the Ca- 
 nons of Kenilworth, whereas the market was 
 not gr.anted till the 4''' of Henry the third. lUnilworth, 
 It is prob.ablc, it had the name from be- p. 143. 
 ing the polleffion of the Kings, particularly, of 
 Edward the Confellbr, or William the Conque- 
 ror. And to the North-weft of the town, at 
 
 the 
 
599 
 
 CO RN AV i I. 
 
 600 
 
 Irquif. capt 
 4 EIlz. 
 
 Nether- 
 
 the point of a hiil, ftill call d there 
 
 has been a Caft/e (as appears by a little mount 
 caft-up, and a broad and deep ditch round it,) 
 where tradition fays that King Jo/ja kept his 
 Court : a Spring alfo, at the foot of the hill, 
 goes at this day by the name of King J- 
 ChadlliuM. well. Hard by Kinetm, is Chadjhmt, one ot the 
 twenty-four towns which were given by to- 
 frkk Earl of Mercia to the Monaftery of Co- 
 ventry ; call’d in his Charter Chaddepyhum, 
 and in Domefday, Cedeflefiunte. It is probable, 
 that it had the name from St. Chadde, call d 
 alfo Cedde, and Ceadde. For in the Chapel- 
 yard was an ancient Oratory, and in it (as 
 the Inhabitants report) the Image of St. Chadde; 
 which, by reafon of the refort of Pilgrims, was 
 worth 16 1 . per Ann. to the Prieft. Here is 
 alfo a Well or Spring, tliat ftill retains the 
 name of Chad’s-well. Not far from hence, is 
 „ Nether-Eatingdm, which manour was held of 
 
 Singdon.KfHry de Ferrers at the time of the Conqueft, 
 and continues at this day in the hands of his 
 pofterity of the male-line ; which is fuch an 
 uninterrupted fucceffion of owners for fo ma- 
 ny ages, as we feldom meet with. Till Henry 
 the third’s time, it was their principal feat ; 
 then, removing into Derbylhire, they took the 
 name of Shirley, and are now Earls of Femrrs. 1 
 Compton. Then, Compton in the hole, fo call’d from its 
 ^ * being fituated in a bottom, almoft furrounded 
 
 with hills ; yet is it not without its Plrafures. 
 From this place, a noble family borrow’d their 
 name ; a defcendant of which, Henry Compton, 
 in the year 157a. was, by the moil illuftrious 
 Princefs Queen Elizabeth, railed to the dig- 
 nity of a Baron, land who are lince advan- 
 ced to the honour of Earls. Long-Compon, in 
 which Parifh is Weflon, remarkable for the 
 ftately houfe built there by Ralph Sheldon for 
 himfelf and his pofterity, who are ftill Lords 
 thereof ; and which at a great diftance makes 
 a fine profpeft. 
 
 At fome diftance, on the edge of Northam- 
 . e ptonlllire, is) Wormheighton, well-known for the 
 Wormleigh- jj, flieep-paftures ; but much more 
 
 remarkable, fince King James fthe firft, in the 
 firft year of his reign, I created that excellent 
 perfon, Robert Spencer ( of whom I have al- 
 ready fpoken) Baron Spmoer of Wormleighton, 
 Iwhole gralidfon Henry Lord Spencer being 
 advanced by King Charles the firft to the ti- 
 tle of Earl of Sunderland, and being in arms 
 for that Prince in the Civil Wars, loft his life 
 in the firft battle of Newbury.! Shugkiry, 
 shngbury. Star-ftones {Ajlroites) are found ; 
 
 AfiroMs. Lords of that manour, the Shug- 
 
 buries, have long fince taken into their Co.at- 
 armour. TThefe, being put into a glafs or cup 
 Vide Lin- of vinegar, ftir about, and keep themfelves in 
 colclliire. motion.! Southam, a market-town of fome note, 
 Southam. frequented. Leamington ( fo call’d 
 
 Leamington. Leame, which runs through 
 
 the precina thereof;) where there rifes a fait 
 fprin'g, fwhich is ufed by the poorer Inhabi- 
 tants for feafoning of their bread.! Fehindon, 
 Vekndon. Long-lchingdon ; and Harbury. Thefe two 
 
 places are memorable on account of the death 
 of Fremmdus, fon of King Offa, who was 
 bafely and treacheroufly flain betwixt them. 
 A perfon of great eminence in his time, and 
 of Angular piety; whom nothing made the 
 mark and objea of envy, but that in an un- 
 happy junaure he happily triumph’d over the 
 infolence of his enemies. But this undeferv’d 
 fate turn’d to his grcateft glory ; for being bu- 
 ry’d at the palace of his father Offa (now call’d 
 oe-Chaitb. Off-Church) his memory was continu’d to po- 
 
 fterity ; that is, he was canoniz’d, and had 
 divine honours paid him by the people, and 
 his life written by an ancient Poet in a tole- 
 rable ftrain. Some of which (defcribing the 
 villain, who, fpur’d on with the delire of a 
 crown, did alfaffinate him,) it may not be 
 amifs to fubjoin : 
 
 Long- 
 
 Compton. 
 
 Non fperanSi vivo Fremundo, regis honors 
 Optato fe pojfe fruiy ntolitur in ejiis 
 Immeritam tacito mortemi ^adiocpue profa- 
 nus 
 
 Irruit exerto fervus, Dominique jacentis 
 7 ‘ale nihil veritum favo caput amputat iSlu. 
 
 T'alis apud t Wydford Fremundum palma 
 
 coronat. Copies, 
 
 Dum Jimul & fontes occidit, & occidit irr Radford, 
 fons. 
 
 Derpairing e’re to reach his proud defires 
 While Fremund liv’d, he -wickedly con- 
 fpires 
 
 Againft his life, and -wfith his treacherous 
 fword 
 
 Beheads his fleeping and unthinking Lord. 
 
 At IVydford thus blefl: Fremund gain'd a 
 crown, 
 
 While guilty blood he filed, and guiltlefs 
 fpent his own. 
 
 [Ichingdon aforcfaid is fo call’d from the ri- 
 ver Ichenoj on which it Hands, It and was the|| Dugdale, 
 birth-place of St. Woljlan the famous Bifliopp. 230. 
 of Worcefler , who being educated in the Ab^ 
 bey of Peterburroxv, was fliorn a Monk in the 
 Mom^ery WorceJierj and * afterwards be-* Ann. lofio. 
 came Bifhop of the place, upon the removal 
 of Aldred to the See of York. This town 
 was anciently one of the chief of the County, 
 as appears by the large number of Hides which 
 it contain'd in the Conqueror's Survey, and 
 by its being rank’d in the number of thofe 
 few, which, in the 15'^ of Henry the fecond, 
 were put under the title De auxilio villarum 
 dr burgorum ad maritandam filiam Regisy i. e. of 
 the Aid of villages and burroughs, towards the 
 marriage of the King's daughter, whereunto 
 the inhabitants hereof paid C. ftiillings.l 
 But I muft not omit to acquaint you, that 
 the Fofs (that old Roman-way) crofleth this Pofs-way. 
 Feldon or Champain part ; ffome remains ofl 
 whofe Caufey, in pafiures now tracklefs and 
 unfrequented, are to be feen near Chejlerton, chc&crton. 
 the dwelling-place of the very ancient family the 
 Peitoes j of which family, [one in the 28'^. of 
 Edward the firfi is call'd Rkhardus de PiEiavia, 
 or PoiBou in France j and of the fame family,! 
 was that WiUtam PeitOy the Francifcan Frier, pe[ta, 
 whom Paul the fourth then Pope, to mortify 
 Cardinal Pool {"Thus divine mindsy you fee, arefub~ 
 jeB to human pajjions ! ) created in vain Car- 
 dinal and Legate of England-, having cited Poo/, 
 as guilty of fome heretical opinions, to anfwet 
 the fame at Rome. For Mary Queen of Eng- 
 land, although entirely devoted to the See of 
 Rome, fo interpos'd in it, or rather oppos'd 
 the fame, that Peito was inhibited from entring 
 England, and Pool preferv’d his Legatine au- 
 thority entire. [This Chefierton fhews a three- 
 fold evidence of its antiquity The firft it 
 carries in the name 5 for the Saxon Ceaj-cep, 
 and fo our Chefier, comes plainly from the Ro- 
 man Cajlrum, and is not originally a German 
 word, but was us’d by them here in England, 
 after the Romans had left it. And this is 
 plain from Mr. Burtons obfervation. That he 
 iiiever found the termination added to any 
 1 places. 
 
 \ 
 
 o 
 
6oi 
 
 ^ A RWicTJirrRE: 
 
 places, but fuch only where the Romans Bad 
 built their. Coy?™. The fecond mark, is its 
 nearnefs to the Roman Fofs-, upon which it is 
 evident, that at convenient diftalices, places of 
 . entertainment were built for the reception of 
 the armies in their march; if indeed this was 
 a building at that time, and not rather a 
 fquare camp m intrenchment, as it feems to 
 have been. The third token is, that in the 
 compafc within which the Roman building is 
 fupposd to have flood, feveral old coins have 
 been dug-up. And thefe three amount to little 
 lels than a denionilration of its Roman anti- 
 quity. I Perhaps, it may not be impertinent to 
 mention, what fome writers under the reign of 
 Edward the fourth [parabolically reprefeSting 
 the great depopulation caufed by inclofing of 
 Eommon-fields, ^ have complain'd of, via,. That 
 and ^ Coniaoujnefs coming down at the head of a nu- 
 
 lifters 7 populous villages of this traa, and drove 
 
 Villages. their ancient inhabitants with a mighty 
 
 flaughter. Which great deflruftion made a per- 
 fon or learning in that age exclaim, with the 
 Poet } 
 
 Quid facerent hofles capta criideltus urbe ? 
 
 Could plundMng foes more cruelty have 
 fhown ? 
 
 On the bank of Avon, where with a {lender 
 Rugby. ftream it enters this County, Rugby firfl offers 
 it felf to your view, a market-town abound- 
 ing with butchers, fin Domefday-book it is 
 * Warwick, written Rochebery, which name * Sir William 
 flure, p. 26. Dugdale derives from Roche, a rock or quarrey 
 of flone, For fuch (fays he) there is, weftward 
 from this town, about half a mile ,* and it is very 
 like that the ground whereon the town /lands being 
 
 602 
 
 Going along with the Fofs towards Leicefter- Dagd. War! 
 inire ; at a little diftance from it, is Monks-kirkh, P; 5°- 
 where .are certain tokens of a Roman flatioii! 
 
 For, by digging the ground near the Church, ^ 
 
 there have been difeover'd the foundations of 
 old walls and Roman bricks. There are alfo 
 three or four he.aps of earth in an adjoyning 
 p.ilture, which are .apparently the monuments 
 or bepulture of fome military perfons in thofe 
 days ■. and thefe badges are fufficient to prove, 
 that It hath been a place of note many hun- 
 dred years fmce. But what my Author adds ; 
 
 And It may very -well bt, that thofe materiah for ' 
 butUmg, by reafon of the mins before mention’d, ft 
 ieady^ at hand, became a fpeeial motive to that re~ 
 iMTOdiudyaEthelfleda (fo onuch taken notice of 
 by our old Hiflorians, and flil’d Merciorum Do- 
 mina) to begin the flmbhlre of this place : This 
 a ™ull not agree to, for two reafons ; 
 
 the hrft, becaufe that place is call’d in Saxon, 
 Typicbypi^ ; and we never obferve, that their 
 bypig palles into our modern by or bie ; nor 
 IS this termination the fame with bpig (as Sir 
 William Dugdale intimates^ which comes from 
 beop5, coUis, and includes in its fignification a 
 rifing ground, fuch as their Forts were generally 
 built upon ; whereas the other (by or bie) im- 
 plies no more than a bare dmeling-place, with- 
 out any refpeft to the fituation, and is (if I 
 milfake not^ of Danifli original; by fignifying 
 alfo the very fame thing in the old Iflandick. 
 
 My fecond reafon is, that another pface olfers 
 it felf with greater probability ; and it is 
 Chirbury on the weft-part of Shropfliire, which 
 as it^ retains the old name, fo lying upon the 
 frontiers of the kingdom of FJercia, and not 
 far from the Seaem, it feems much more pro- 
 bable to be the place, than this other. 
 
 But to return to the river ;1 at Fbewenham iJe-Newenham. 
 „,e ,0-wnjtanas isemg gis, on the oppofite fide to Rugby, arife three 
 t^^ohrrVr‘m former-| Springs percol.ated, as it is probable, through Medicinal 
 
 ly a little caftle, which flood about a furlong, an Alom Mineral; whofe waters of a iKifiy Springs, 
 from the Church northwards, as is to be feen | f tafte, have the reputation of being very me- + Colour and 
 by the banks of earth, and part of the moatldicinal in the Stone. They certainly are ex- ‘alle, C. 
 yet remaining 'The foremention’d Author isjeeeding * Diuretiek, and clofe and heal green » Tis only a 
 M opinion, that It was built m the time of ' wounds ; .and being drunk with fait, are laxa- 
 King Stephen, who, fearing an invafion from tive, with fugar, reftringent rAgreeably* to 
 Maud the Emprefs, granted leave to the No- the name of Newenham Regis, the Town ap- 
 Dilitv to build every man hi.-; -u/rrliin hlc l-arr i-lixa n,.,, a. tj _m ./• ^i. _ _ _ . 
 
 bility to build every man his caflle within his 
 Bi-ounfover. own grounds. Not far from Rugby, is Brounjo- 
 ver, on the Eaft-bank of the river Swift ; in 
 the original whereof ( as alfo of many other 
 names of the fame termination ) we muff 
 crave leave to diflent from Sir Wiliam Dugdale, 
 W'ho tells us that over, as us*d upon thofe oc- 
 cafions, fignifies always fupra, above, over, or 
 higher. For tho’ it certainly is fo, wherever 
 it has nether anfwering it in the name of a 
 place at fome little diflance ,- yet w'henever 
 I'uch places fland upon rivers, it is much more 
 natural to fetch the name from the Saxon oppe, 
 ripa, a bank, which as it is fuited to the con- 
 dition of the place, fo does it prevent the 
 abfurdity of laying down a relative name with- 
 out a correlative to anfwer it. This conje- 
 fture is confirmed by inffances in mofl Counties 
 in England ; as it is here particularly, in H^dr- 
 SttettQo.wick/hire. More to the well, we find Stretton: 
 fo namM from its fituation upon that Stra- 
 ■ turn or Street of the Romans, call’d the Fofs. 
 There is another place of this name not far 
 from Stovj in Lincolnftiire, which likevvife Hands 
 upon a Roman Caufey; and that name, where- 
 foei'er it occurs throughout the kingdom, feems 
 to have the fame original j which obfervation 
 maybe of ufe to perfons of curiolity, \vhofe 
 inclinations lead them to the tracing of thofe 
 
 ancient vays. 
 
 uiic Aovvil 
 
 pears, by the Quo warrmo Roll of the 13^'*. 
 of Edward the rirfl, to have been in the pof- 
 feflion of the King.l Then, Bagginton, which Bagginton. 
 had its caftle r(nothing whereof remains, but 
 the moat, and fome heaps of rubbifli j)1 here- 
 tofore it belong’d to the Bagotts, a very honou- 
 rable family. From which, at a little diflance, 
 lies Stoneley, where King Henry the fecond 5. 
 founded a fmaH Abby. Oppofite to this, on Regift. Mo- 
 the^bank of the Avon, flood a little caflle naft. de 
 call’d Stoneley-Holme, built in Holme-hull,^'/* 
 which was deflroy’d at the time when England 
 was over-run by the Danes under their Leader 
 Canutus ; fand now there are no remains, ei- 
 ther of thing or name. In the reign of King 
 Charles the firfl, Sir Fhomas Leigh of Stoneley 
 was, for his loy.alty, advanced to the degree 
 of a Baron of this Realm, by the title of 
 Lord Leigh of Sconcley.l 
 
 The next place on the banks of Avon, is 
 the principal town of the County, which we 
 call Warwick, the Saxons Fappms-pic, [the an- Warwick, 
 cient Annals fzpmgpic, ] and Ninnius and 
 the Britains Caer Guaruk and Caer-Leon. fjohn 
 Rous of Warwick derives thefe names from 
 Gwayr a Britifh Prince ; and Matthew Paris 
 (in the life of King Ofta) from Waremund, 
 father of the firfl Olfa King of the MeTcians.1 
 But all the ribrefaid ! names feem to be de- 
 
 G g g g rS^d. 
 
609 , 
 
 c 0 RM JV 1 1. 
 
 604. 
 
 Foreign 
 troops in 
 sarrifon. 
 
 florus^ 1 . 4 . 
 
 c. uk. 
 
 BoatfwaiiiSj or in lieu of them four punds in De- 
 niers. In this Burgh, the King hath in Demejne 
 one hundred and thirteen Burgees ; and the Barons 
 of the King one hundred and twelve. 
 
 Rogeri the fecond Earl of Warwick of the 
 Norman race, built in the middle of the town 
 the beautiful Church of St. Mary ; which the 
 Beauchamps, fucceeding Earls, adorn’d with their 
 monuments : more efpecially the laft of the 
 Beauchamps, Richard Earl of Warwick and 
 ft Lieutenant General, Governour of the Realm^ Governoue 
 of France, and of the Dutchy of Normandy,! of Noriiian- 
 who dying at Roan in the year I43<), was'*)'- 
 with great magnihcence and funeral pomp 
 brought over and inter’d here. FAnd befides 
 the monuments of the Beauchamps ; the Church 
 of St. Maty is honour’d with thofe of Rcslert 
 Dudley Earl of Leiceiler, and Ambrofe Dudley 
 Earl of Warwick. On the north-lidc alfo of 
 the Quire, in an ottangalar room (formerly 
 the Chapter-houfe) is a flatcly monument, be- 
 ing black and white marble, of Fulk Lord 
 Brook, ereded by himfelf in his life-time, and 
 circumferib’d with this Epitaph : Fulk-Grevil, 
 
 Jeiaiant to Queen ElisLabeth, Ccunfelior to Sng 
 James, and friend to Sir Philip Sidney. Tro- 
 phieum Peccati. In the Church it felt! lies John 
 Rom, a native of this place, and Chantry- 
 prieft oi Guys Cliff. Sir William Dugdalc calls 
 him a famous Antiquary and Leland and Bale 
 give him a charaSer as ample,_ when they tell 
 us, that he had devoted himfelf wholly to the 
 lludy and fearch of Antiquities, particularly 
 of this his native place ; and to that end had 
 view’d and examin’d mol! Libraries in England. 
 
 Here lies alfo ffhomas Carttvrighl (lirft Mafter 
 of the Earl of Leicefter’s Hofpital) who is 
 furd in the Hiftory of Queen Elizabeth, Inter 
 Puritanos Antefignanus, the Ringleader of the 
 Puritans. , , n 
 
 On the fifth of September itfp4, the belt 
 part of this Town was deftroy’d by a cafual 
 Fire, occafion’d by the mere accident of a fpark 
 blown from a Hick, as it was carrying crofs a . 
 
 lane. Upon which, an Aft of Parliament pafs d ^ Wilt, j.c.i. 
 
 riv'd cither from the Britifll word Guarth, 
 which fignifies Prfftdium, a Fortrefs ; or from 
 Lo-ions polled in fuch places tor their fecu- 
 r'lty : which inclin’d me to think (altho I am 
 more a Seeptick than Critick, in matter o 
 EtvmoloRV)! tfia* “z 
 
 which the Romans call’d Prfftdium 
 it is in the Notitia-) the Praitea ot the DaP 
 matian hor!e was pofted, by appointment 
 of the Governour of Britain. Thele Troops 
 were levied in Dalmatia .■ and here, we may 
 obferve the politick Prudence of the Romans, 
 who in their Provinces difpos d and quarter d 
 their f oreign Troops in garrifons ; between 
 whom .and the natives (by re.afon of the di 
 verfity of language, and humours) there could 
 be no fecret Combination. For, as Florus 
 writes. Nations not habituated to the yoke oJ JIa 
 very, would otherwife be always attemptmg toibake 
 it off. Hereupon it was, that from Africa tnt 
 Moors, from Spain the Aflurians and IMtones, 
 from Germany the Batatii, the Nervtt, Lungn, 
 and furnacenfes ; from Gaul, the Lingones and 
 Morini, and from other parts the Dalmatians, 
 Thracians, Alains, &c. were all brought over to 
 ferve in Britain ; as wc ftlall obferve in the 
 proper places. But to return to our buliiie si 
 Let none think that the Britains derw d the 
 word CiMit/i, from the Franks; for, it we be 
 licve Lar.ius, it is of Hebrew extraction, in 
 which original very many Countries agree. But 
 that this w.as the Prffidium, the authority ol 
 our Annals may convince us, affirming t at 
 the Roman Legions had a ftation here ; and 
 alfo its fituation, almoft in the centre ot the 
 Province. For it lies at an equal dillance 
 from the coall of Norfolk on the call, and ot 
 Wales on the weft: juft fuch a fituation as 
 was that of Prfftdium, a town of Cor^m, luthe 
 heart of that Iftand. Nor will it feem ftrangc, 
 that the Romans fhould have a fortrefs or mi- 
 litary ftation in this place ; if we confider its 
 fituation on a fteep and rocky eminence over 
 the river Avon, and that the ways on every fide 
 leading up to it, are cut through the rock 
 f For it ftands on a hill, which is 
 rock of free-ftone ; out of whofe bowels were 
 wroiight all the publick buildings that adorn 
 it. Each of the four ways to it (anfwcring 
 the four points) lead you by a Religious houle, 
 
 - . rr'l z'tslIni'C OTP 1 
 
 It through the rock. lane. Upon whicn, an Aa or rariiarnu.cpa.au 
 which fs one entire for the rebuilding of it; by means sAereo , 
 
 - * - ' and the liberal Contributions of the Natioii, 
 
 it is rifen again, with a far more Ilately and 
 beautiful appearance.l 
 
 thefourpoints) lead you by a Religious home ,^/ear Watwm^ to tlm noreh ^ 
 
 rais’d to the honour of the Earldom ol Corn- 
 
 tre o? the town. The wells and cellars are 
 made in the rock; -and the defeent every \y.ay 
 keeps it clean. Under it, on the foutli, is a 
 fruitftil Champain Country; on the north, are 
 groves, woods, and parks ; and it is fupply 
 xsith water brought in pipes, from fprings 
 at half a mile’s diftalice.! That it hath been 
 fortified with walls and a ditch, is manifelt. 
 
 The caftle is very ftrong both by nature and 
 art ; the feat heretofore of the Earls or War- 
 wick, extending it felf fomh-weft. Fit is now 
 made amoft noble and delightful dwelling ; the 
 height of the folid rock from the river on 
 which it ftands, is forty foot: but ™ tbe 
 north-fide it is eaven with the town. I The town 
 it felf is adorn’d with fair buildings, and owes 
 very much of its beauty to Ethelfleda, Lady ot 
 
 the Mercians, who, in the ye.ar pi I, raisdit 
 
 out of its ruins. At the Norman invalion it 
 was in a flourifhing ftate, and had many Bur- 
 „[fes ; of whom twelve were by tenure to ac- 
 company the King in his wars, as may be 
 feen in Domefday-book. He, who upon warning 
 
 given did not go, wm fin’d one hundred JhiSmgs to 
 
 the King. But if the King crofs d the Seas umb)! -- . 
 
 7 n mmy, then they were fither to fend him /o«r'at laft bury d 
 
 V 
 
 wall, was beheaded by the Barons. For this 
 man, exalted with the favour of his Prince 
 and the flatteries of Fortune, had afi'um d ex- 
 ceffive Liberties, and debauch’d the King ; he 
 vilify’d the good, prey’d upon the eftates ot all, 
 and, like a crafty old Courtier, promoted 
 quarrels betwixt the King and the Nobihty. 
 iTor which reafons, Guy de Beauchamp, Earl 
 of Warwick, feis’d him at Walingfotd, as they 
 were carrying him Prifoner to London, and 
 brought him hither, and -vuthout any Procels 
 of Law cut-off his head.) „ , ^ ,.a- „ 
 
 Hard by, upon the Avon, ftands Guy-elff, Guythff. 
 call’d by others Gib-clff, -j heretofore the f The pre- 
 feat of 'Fhomas de Belief ago or Beaufoe, of l^be 
 old Norman race. This place is the ieat ot 
 Pleafure : a lhady grove, cryftal fprings, molly 
 caves, meadows ever green, a foft and mur- 
 muring fall of waters under the rocks ; and, 
 to crown all, folitude and quiet, the great de- 
 light of the Mufes. Here, fame tells us, th.at 
 Guv of Warwick, the celebrated Hero, after Guy of 
 he 'had finifll’d his Martial Atchievements,WarwiP. 
 built a Chapel, led a Hermit’s life, and was 
 
 But the \vifer fort think, that 
 this 
 
6o^ 
 
 Barfbrd. 
 
 Charkott. 
 
 * Who built 
 
 C. 
 
 Stratford 
 upon Avon. 
 + Founded 
 the Church, 
 
 C. 
 
 fV ARWIC KS H I RE. 
 
 this pkc9 took its name from Guy d, Beau- 
 champ, who hvd much later. And certain it 
 is, that Richard de Beauchamf, Earl of Warwick 
 did here build and dedicate a Chapel to St’ 
 mrgaret, and fet up the Gyant-like ftafue 
 of the famous Gej, feight foot in heieht. The 
 truth IS, the fiory of the famous Guy of this 
 place, IS fo much obfeur’d by fables and ro- 
 mances, that It is difficult to determin how 
 tar It ought to be credited. It is certain 
 however, that feme Centuries fince, the great- 
 eft of the Earls of Warwick paid a mighty 
 veneration to his memory, miiarn Beauchamp 
 call d his eldeft fon after him. Gup ; Thmeu, 
 by his Jaft bequeath'd the Sword and 
 
 Coat oi Mail^ of this Guy., to his foil ; ano- 
 ther^ Chiiften d a younger fon by the name 
 ot his fucceilor, and dedicated to him a noble 
 Tower, the walls whereof are ten foot thick, 
 the circumierence one hundred and twenty-iix, 
 the height from the bottom of the ditch up- 
 ward, one hundred and thirteen foot. Ano- 
 ther left a fuit of Arrai, wherein were wrought 
 the htToick Atfts of Guy^ as an heirloom to his 
 family. Laflly, his fword and other Accoutre- 
 ments, now to be feon in the Caftle, were by 
 Patent, i Henry 8. granted to IVilliam Hi^efon 
 Yeoman of the Buttery, with the fee of two 
 pence per diem for that fenice. Whether it 
 was the example of this Hero, that put a fpi- 
 rit in his fuccefl'ors, I know not ; bur we 
 bud by our Hiftories, that in ancient times, 
 from the Conqueft to the death of Ambrtje 
 Dudley, there was fcarce any one confiderable 
 feene ot a&ion, wherein the Earls of Warwick 
 made not a gi-eat figure. Two miles below 
 Warwick is .Batjerd, where one Samuel Fairfax, 
 bom in the year i<547, when he was twelve 
 years of age, dwelt under the fame roof, and 
 eat at the fame table with his father and 
 mother 
 
 606 
 
 ourccen arches. He was younger brother of 
 an ancient family, which took their name from 
 the adjacent raanour of Oo/.«h, from the time 
 cnmtyaker Ccchfkti, fill’d Knight-Mar(hat,t\iCi 
 C%oK, for himfdf and his pofterity. 
 
 Iheir inheritance in the * laft .age defeended * 1= our 
 to two lifters coheirs ; one of them marry ’d C, 
 
 to Sir Geerge Carni a famous Knight (Vice- 
 chamberlain to her moil Serene Majefty Queen 
 Aane,) whom King James fthe firftl created 
 Baron Ca-rew ot Clapton, and the mention of- _ 
 whom, if for no other reai'on, I cannot omit,®f 
 tor his great refpea to Antiquities. FThis ^ 
 place was given by Ethelardus a Viceroy of 
 Worcefterfhire, to the Bilhoprick of Worcefter, 
 tliree hundred years before the Conqueft. The 
 aiurdi was Collegiate, and the College is Hill 
 itandnig ; m the Chancel lies Mklmm Shake- 
 jpear, a name of this place, who has given 
 ample proof of his genius and great abilities, 
 in the forty-eight Plays he h.as left behind 
 him. The ftone th.at covers him, has this In- 
 icription : 
 
 (^od friend, for Jefus fake, forbear 
 To dig the duft indofed here. 
 
 Bleji be dye man that /pares tlsefe Stones, 
 
 And curfi be he that mwes my Bones^ 
 
 grandfather and grandmother, great 
 grandfather and great grandmother ; who all 
 liv’d very happily together : and none of the 
 three generations of either fex had been twice 
 marry ’d.l 
 
 From Warwick, the Avon with a fuller bo- 
 dy palles by Charkott, the feat of the noble 
 and rheretaforcl knightly family of the Lucies ; 
 which came to them long fince by inheritance 
 from the Charkotts : fWilliam de Lucy, fon of 
 Walter de Charlcott, was the firft who afl'u- 
 med the name, in the time of King Henry 
 the third >1 * and built a Religious houfe (for 
 ’ the fupport and entertainment of poor people 
 and ftrangers) at TbeUisford. For the brook 
 was call’d 'fheUey ; w^hich runs by Compton Mur- 
 dack, heretofore belonging to the Murdacks 
 now to the family ot the Vemeys, Knights 
 Tof W’hom, ^'\x Richard Verney, being defcendeci 
 through an heirefs of Grevil, from Robert Wil- 
 loughby Baron of Brooke, and thereupon laying 
 claim to that title, had it adjudg’d to him in 
 Parliament i to which he accordingly receiv’d 
 Summons, by the title of Lord IViUoughby of 
 Brooke, and, dying in a good old age, convey’d 
 the fame honour to his pofterity.l Thence, 
 running by Tlyelksford, it falls into Avon. 
 Which river within a little way falutes Strat- 
 ford, a pretty handfom market-town, that owes 
 its ornaments and beauty chiefly to two of its 
 natives j to fohn de Stratford Archbifhop of 
 Canterbury, fwho f built the South-Ifle of the 
 Church; the Quire being built by ‘f. Bal- 
 fbal, and the north and fouth-crofs by the 
 Executors of Hugh Clopton ; 1 and to fthe 
 fame] Hugh Clopton fometime Lord Mayor ot 
 London, who at extraordinary expence built 
 the Stone-bridge over the Avon, confiding of 
 
 Avon fees nothing more on its banks, befides 
 Bitford, a market-town and fome little coun- ®dford. 
 try villages ; before it makes its entry into 
 Worcefterlhire. 
 
 Now let us take a view of the Woodland', Woodland, 
 which, lying on the north-fide of Avon, ex- 
 tends into a much greater compafs than the 
 Feldon. It is for the moft part f cloath’d with+ the 
 woods, yet w'ants not paflures nor corn-fields 
 and it hath alfo feveral veins ot Iron fadpin- ^ 
 
 ing to it in Wc^cederfhire aini Staftordiliire, 
 but none have been yet found in this Coun- 
 
 ty. l As it is now' call’d the Woodland, fo by 
 
 a more ancient name it was call’d Arden : which, Arden, 
 in my opinion, are but two words importing 
 the fame thing. For Arden, among the ancient 
 Bricains and Gauls, feems to have denoted a 
 wood ; fince we know', that in France a vaft 
 wood has the name of Arden ; and a town in 
 Flanders fituated near another wood, is call’d 
 Ardesburg ; and this celebrated foreft in Eng- 
 land, II paring off the firft fyllable, retains the |l Truncati 
 name of Den. Not to mention the Diana, w’ho vKabuh. 
 in the old Gallick inferiptions is call’d Ard- 
 ixxna and Arckina, i. e. (if I am not much mi- Seldlpolyolb,' 
 ftaken) Syhveftris, or, Of the -woods, and who p. 229. 
 was the fame, that in the Italick Inferiptions 
 is call’d Nemorenfis, or Diana of the Groves. 
 
 From this woody tract, de Arden who 
 
 redided here, and was in great favour with 
 King Henry the firfl, afl'um’d that firname ; 
 and his Defeendants the Ardens, famous in fuc- 
 ceeding ages, were branch’d out into all parts 
 of England. 
 
 On the weil-fidc of the Woodland ; the river 
 Arrow makes hafte, by Studly (fome ages fince Studly. 
 a caflle belonging to John fon of CorbutioJ 
 to joyn the river Avon. But whether it be fo 
 call’d (as Tigris a river of Mefopotamia, which 
 in the Periian language fignifies an Arrow) 
 from the fwiftnefs of its current ; or from its 
 flow' courfe (for that the word Ara among the 
 old Brirains and Gauls imported ; ) I leave to 
 the fearch of others. FI was once of opinion, 
 chat it was this river which the Danes fail’d 
 
 up, when they had a defign upon the king- 
 dom of Mercia ; and this 1 was induc’d to by 
 the fimilitude between Appan, the ancient 
 
 name. 
 
6 o 7 
 
 CORN AV II. 
 
 608 
 
 name, and Arrovi the prefeiir. What made it 
 yet more probable, was, the reading of Florence 
 of Worceller and Hoveden, wherein I find the 
 fame river callM Arewe. But upon weighing 
 the circumftances of that action, I found it ne-, 
 cefiary to quit that opinion ( tho* without the 
 * Vid. fortune of meeting with any * other 
 
 in Ejfex, and place, where I could fafely fettle the ancient 
 Wirein i^cri-Appan.) For firft. Arrow rifes in Worcefter- 
 fordjhire. fhire, and does not run long, before it joins 
 it felf to the Avon ; being no way fo confi- 
 dcrable, as to be capable of carrying veffels, 
 tho* very fraall. Then, the hiftory tells us, 
 that they went out of the Thames, and after 
 they had compafs’d their defign, brought the 
 fpoil into zha tivQt Medway in Kent; which 
 makes it probable, that this place was not 
 at fo great a diftance as Warwickshire. 
 
 But to return.! On the banks of Arrow, lies 
 Coughton. CoughtOH) the chief feat of the knightly fami- 
 Throckmor- ly of the TSbrockmononsy who, fince they mar- 
 ton. with the heirefs of Speneyy grew very nu- 
 
 merous, famous, and fruitful of good Wits. 
 
 Oufcley.^ot far from hence, lies Oufeley, memorable 
 for the ancient Lords thereof^ the Butlersy Ba- 
 rons of Wem, from whom it hereditarily de- 
 feended to the Ferrars of Oufley. Whofe inhe- 
 ritance in a fliort time W'as divided betwixt 
 ’John Lord of Greijlocke, and Ralph Nevil. A 
 Beauchamps- little lower, upon Arrow, is Iqq.zq& Beaiichamf s 
 Court. Courty fo call’d from Baron Beauchamp of 
 Powicke ; from whom, by the only daughter 
 of Edward Willoughby fon of Robert Wil- 
 Grevills. loughhy Lord Brooky it came to Sir Fulk GreviJl 
 Knight, a perfoii no lefs efteem’d for the fweet- 
 nefs of his temper, than the dignity of his 
 t Doth, C. ftation. Whofe only fon, of the fame name, f <iid 
 fo entirely devote himfelf to the fludy of real 
 Virtue and Honour, that the noblenefs of his 
 j[ ExcecdSjC.mind far || exceeded that of his birth ; for whofe 
 extraordinary favours, tho’ I muft defpair of 
 making fuitable returns, yet, whether fpeaking 
 or filent, I muft ever preferve a grateful re- 
 membrance of them, rin this noble family 
 the honour Hill continues, in the perfon of 
 Fulk Lord Brooke.l 
 
 Below Beauchamp* s-Courty the river Ahe or 
 Alenus falls into Arrow ; having, in its courfe 
 Henley. through a woody Country, pafs’d by Henley, 
 
 little market-town, near which the MontjortSy 
 a noble family of great name, had a caftle, 
 which, from its delightful fituation on a hill 
 amidft the woods, was call’d by a French 
 name Bell-defert. But the caftle hath long fince 
 been bury’d in its own ruins. They deriv’d 
 their pedigree, not from the Almarian family 
 of the MontfortSy but from Turftan de Bajianberg 
 a Norman. Their inheritance, at length, 
 pafs’d by daughters to the Barons of Sudley 
 and the Frevils. At the confluence of the two 
 AuUcfter. rivers Arrow and Aulne, I faw Aulceflery by 
 Matthew Paris call’d AUencefter ; and that more 
 properly. The Inhabitants, becaufe it hath 
 been a place of great note and antiquity, will 
 needs have the true name to be Ouldeefler. This 
 ABcckinthexytw (as we read in an old Inquilition) a free 
 Exchequer, ^urrough of our Lord Henry the firjiy which the 
 fame King gave to Robert Corbet for bis good 
 Services : and when the fame Robert dy’dy it de- 
 feended to William de Botereuxy and to Peter the fon 
 of Herbert. And when William de Botereux dy* dy 
 his Moiety defended to Reginald de Botereux as 
 heiry who now bolds it : and when Peter the fon 
 of Herbert dy’d, his Moiety defended to Herbert the 
 Jon of Peter ; which Herbert gave it to Robert de 
 Chamdois. But from a very great town, it is 
 now reduc’d to a fmall market, tho’ ftill much 
 
 noted for all forts of grain. The very termi-* Dugd. 
 nation of this name leads us to expeift fome- 
 thing of Antiquity ; as doth alfo its fituation 
 upon . the Roman wny Tkenild-fireet ; and, upon 
 the authority of Sir William Dugdale (who War. p. $68. 
 tells us, that old foundations of buildings, Ro-- 
 man bricks, and coins both of gold, filver, and 
 brafs, have been frequently found there) we 
 need not fcruple to affirm, that this was for- 
 merly a Roman ftation. Above half a Cen- 
 tury fince, in an old foundation where they 
 were digging a Cellar, an urn was taken up, 
 with fix hundred and odd pieces of Roman 
 coin in it; eight of them gold, and the reft 
 filver. Moft of thefe are of Roman Emperors, 
 and the Reverfes generally difterent. They 
 fell to the right honourable the Lord Brookcy 
 as Lord of the manour. Not far from Aul- 
 cefter, is Ragleyy from whence ■ Francis Lord Ragley. 
 Conway takes the ftile and title of Baron of 
 Ragley; to which honour he was advanced 
 in the ftcond year of Queen Anne.~\ 
 
 Higher, where the Country is not now fo 
 thick cloath’d with woods, ftands WroxhaU soxhiW. 
 where Hugo de Hatton built a little Mona- 
 fteiy or Priory : And Badefleyy formerly theBadelley. • 
 pofleflion of the Clintons, now of the Ferrars. 
 
 And Balfhally heretofore a Preceptory of theBallhall. 
 Templars, which Roger de Mowbray gave them ; Regifter of 
 whole munificence to the Order of the Knights-*^, 
 
 L, , r ( • It®- and of the 
 
 lemplars waslo extraordinary, that by unani- op st. 
 
 mous confent of their Chapter, they decreed, John of Jeru- 
 that he fliould have the power of pardoning falem. 
 any Brother who had tranfgrefs’d the Rules 
 of the Order, provided he came and acknow- 
 ledg’d his crime before this their Benefador. 
 
 And the Knights of the Order of St. John 
 of Jerufalem, to whom all -the pofleffions of 
 the Templars in England were affign’d (for 
 to give to profane ufes things which had been 
 once confecrated to God, our Anceftors thought 
 a crime not to be aton’d for,) in teftimony of 
 their gratitude, granted to John Mowbray de See the Star. 
 Axholm, fucceflbr of the faid Roger, zhat he deTemphtrih. 
 and his fuccefl'ors, at every Alfembly of their 
 Order, fhould be receiv’d in the next degree 
 of honour to Soveraign Princes. TBy the cu- 
 ftom of this place, the Tenants could not mar- 
 ry their daughters, without the confent of the 
 Fraternity of Templars, or Hofpitalers ; as ap- 
 pears by an account taken in the 31ft year 
 of King Henry the fecond. The Lady Ka- 
 tharine Levefon founded an Hofpital here ; for 
 the government whereof, an Aft of Parliament, i Anns, 
 not long fince, was made.1 ^ 
 
 More to the north-eaft, in the midft of a 1 
 
 Chafe and Park, a confluence of little ftreams 
 form a Lake ; which being prefently confin’d 
 within banks, make a Chanel or Kennel. Upon 
 this ftands Kenelworth, heretofore vulgarly call’d Kenelworth, 
 Kenelworda y andiQoztMpzly Killmgworth. From commonly 
 this town a moft noble, beautiful, and ftrong K-dlingwortb, 
 Caftle, encompafs’d with a Chafe and Parks, 
 takes its name. It was built, neither by Ke~ 
 nulphus, nor Kenelmus, nor Kineglifus, as fome 
 Hiftorians have dreamt ; but by Geoftrey de 
 Clinton Lord Chamberlain to King Henry the 
 firft, .and his fon ( as may be feen in authen- 
 tick Evidences,) after he had founded there a 
 Monaftery for Canons-Regular. But Henry his 
 * nephew’s fon, having no iflue, fold it to* Pronepos, 
 King Henry the third, who granted it to Simon 
 de Montrfort Earl of Leicefter with Eleanor his 
 lifter, for her portion. But prefently after, 
 this bond of amity and friendlhip being bro- 
 ken, and Earl Simon, after dilmal commotions, 
 being llain in the Barons a\ars, the caftle en- 
 dured 
 
609 
 
 WARWICKS HIRE. 
 
 
 * Now of 
 late, by, C. 
 
 f Regard, C. 
 II May, C. 
 
 Bremicham. 
 
 Sutton-Cole- 
 
 field. 
 
 dared a fiege of fix months, and at laft was 
 furrender’d to King Henry the third, who 
 made it part of the inheritance of the Lanca- 
 ftriau family. At which time, was made and 
 publifli’d the EdiSl which our Lawyers ftile 
 DiBum de Kenelworth', whereby it was enabled, 
 ^at all who had taken up Arms againft the 
 pay five years value of all their lands, 
 &c. A very wholfom piece of feverity, with- 
 out cftufion of blood, to check thofe feditious 
 fpirits, fo pernicious to the Government ; 
 wjiofe only hopes were placed in the diftra- 
 ftions of the State at that time. fThey ftill 
 find Balls of flone, fixtecn inches diameter, fup- 
 pos’d to have been thrown in flings, in the 
 rime of the Barons wars. King Edward the 
 fecond was for fome time detained Prifoner here.l 
 But * by the royal munificence of Queen Eli- 
 z.-abetb,^ it became the feat of Robert Dudley 
 Earl of Leiceftcr ; who in rebuilding and adorn- 
 ing it, fpar^d no coil ; fbeing faid to have be- 
 llow’d 60000 /. upon it.*] So that whether 
 ■you t regarded the magnificence of the Build- 
 ings, or the noblenefs of the Chafe and Parks 1 
 it II might claim a fecond place among the 
 flatelieft Caftles of England. [The faid Earl 
 Robert entertain’d Queen Elizabeth and her 
 Court, in this place, feventeen days, with all 
 the variety and magnificence both of Fealling 
 and Shows. In which time, he fpent three 
 hundred and tw^enty Hoglheads of ordinary 
 beer, as appears by the accounts of his Stew- 
 ard ; which I add (tho’ a circumftance feem- 
 ingly little) to fhew as well the largenefs of 
 the Royal Retinue, as the fplendor of the En- 
 tertainment. Erom Robert Dudley, Earl ofLei- 
 cefter, it pafs’d to Sir Roben Dudley his natu- 
 ral fon, who fold it to Prince Henry ; and he 
 dying without ilfue, it came into the hands 
 of Prince Charles, who committed the cuflody 
 of it to Robert Earl of Monmoutii, Henry 
 Lord Carey his eldeft fon, and Thomas Carey 
 Efquire ; the inheritance whereof was granted 
 to Lawrence Vifeount Hide of this place, and 
 Earl of Rochefter. But the Caflle, in the late 
 Civil wars, was demolifh’d by thofe who pur- 
 chas’d it of the Parliament, with defign to 
 make money of the materials.! 
 
 From hence (that I may purfue the fame 
 courfe that I did in my journey) I faw SolyhiU-, 
 in which was nothing worth the fight, be- 
 I fides the Church. Next, Bremicham, fwarm- 
 ing with Inhabitants, and echoing with the 
 noife of Anvils ( for here are great numbers 
 of Smiths, fand of other Artificers in Iron and 
 Steel, whofe performances in that way are 
 greatly admired both at home and abroad.1 
 The lower part of the Town is very watery. 
 The upper part rifes with abundance of hand- 
 fome buildings : and it is none of the leaft ho- 
 nours of the place, that from hence the noble 
 and warlike family of the Bremkhams in Ire- 
 land, had both their original and name; fand 
 that it gives the title of Baron to Edward Lord 
 Dudley and Ward ; of which family, Humble 
 Ward was created, by King Charles the firft. 
 Lord Ward of Bermin^)am?\ From thence, in 
 the extreme point of this County northward, 
 lies Sutton Colefield, in a forefty, unkind, and 
 barren foil ; boafting of it’s native John Voify 
 Bifhop of Exeter, who, in the reign ot King 
 Henry the eighth, raifed this little To\yn, 
 then ruinous and decayed, and adorn d it with 
 buildings, and feveral Privileges, and a Gram- 
 mar-fchool ; fand lived and died here in the 
 one hundred and third year of his age. Here, 
 the Earls of Warwick had a Chafe or great 
 
 extent ; but the Market which they have, is 
 now almoil wholly difufed.l From hence go- 
 ing fourhward, 1 came to Cokfiull, belonging Cole/iul], 
 heretofore to the Clintons, fwhere, in an old 
 foundation, hath been dug-up a Roman cop- 
 per Coin of Trajan ; and not far from it, is Blith, Blith. 
 mem^orable for nothing, but that it w'as pur- 
 chas d by Sir William Dngdale, and was his 
 place of refidence when he compil’d that accu- 
 rate and elaborate w'ork, the Antiquities of 
 this County.! Neighbour to ColefiniUis Max- MaxflocJc- 
 tock-Cdflle, w'hich in a continu’d fucceflion had Caftle. 
 for it s Lords, the Lindfeys, who were Lords 
 of Wolverly ; and the Odingfells, having their 
 original from Flanders ; and the Clintons, who 
 have been very eminent in this County. Low- 
 er, in the middle of this woody country, is 
 feated Coventry, fo called ( as I conjedurc ) Coventry,' 
 from a Convent ; for fuch a Cotroent in our 
 tongue we call a Covent, and Covenn ; and fre- 
 quently, in our Hiflories, and in the Pontifi- 
 cal Decrees, this is call’d Conventria ; as P^t- 
 ticularly in that. Either the Bifijop of Conventry 
 is not in his right wits, or he feems wilfully to Decree. 
 have quitted common fenfe [(which mull relate 
 to Alexander de Savensby, who was confecrated 
 in the year 1224, and lived in the time of 
 Pope Honorius the third. He was a very learn- 
 ed man, but, faith Bifhop Godwin, pretended 
 CO Vifions and Apparitions fcarce credible.)! 
 
 Yet fome there are, who will have the name 
 of this place taken from a rivulet running 
 through it ; at this day called Shirburn, and in 
 an old Charter of the Priory, Cuentford. Whence- 
 foever the name was taken, the City being fome 
 ages fince enrich’d with the Manufadure of 
 Cloathing and Caps, was the only Mart-town- 
 of this ^unrry, and of greater refort than 
 could be expeded from its Mid-land fituation j 
 [but now both thefe Trades are much decayed.! 
 
 It is commodioufly feated, and is large and 
 neat 5 fortify’d with very ftrong walls, and a- 
 dorn’d with beautiful buildings : amongft 
 which, two Churches of excellent Architedure 
 {land near together, as it were rivalling each 
 other ; one dedicated to the Holy Trinity, the 
 other to St. Michael. There is nothing in it 
 of very great Antiquity. (Their flately Crofs, 
 for workmaiifhip and beauty inferior to few 
 in England, was built (33 Henry 8.) by Sir 
 William Hollies fometime Lord Mayor of Lon- 
 don. But! that which feems to be the greated 
 Monument, is the Religious-houfe or Priory, 
 whofe ruins I faw near thefe two Churches. 
 
 This, King Canutus founded for Nuns ; who 
 being expell’d within a little time, Leofrick 
 Earl of Mercia enlarg’d it, and in a manner 
 built it a-new, in the year 1 040 ; with fo great 
 a Jhow of gold and filver (to ufe Malmesbury’s 
 words ) that the walls of the Church feem'd too 
 firait to contain the treafures of it. This was very 
 prodigiom to behold ; for fom one beam were ferap d 
 t five hundred marh of filver. And he endow’d 
 it with fo great revenues, that Robert de y. Dugd. 
 Lhnfey, Bifhop of Lichfield and Chefter, re- 
 mov’d his See hither, as to the golden finds of 
 Lydia ; that ( as the fame Malmesbury hath 
 it) he might (leal from the treafures of the Church 
 wherewithaS to fid the Kings Coffers, and to cheat 
 the Pope of his Provifions, and to gratifie the Ro- 
 man avarice. However, this See, after a few 
 years, return’d back to Lichfield ; bur upon 
 thefe terms, that one and the fame Bifhop 
 fliould be fill’d Bifhop of Coventry and Lichfield. 
 
 The firft Lord of this City that I know cf.J;" 
 was Leofrick i who, being incens’d againft the 
 Citizens, laid upon them very heavy taxes : 
 
 H h h h thefe 
 
6i f 
 
 CORNAV'II. 
 
 612 
 
 thefe he would by no means remit (notwith- 
 flanding the great interceflion of his Lady 
 1050. Godiva) unlefs fhe would confent to ride na- 
 ked through the moft frequented parts of the 
 Florilegus. City which ( if credit may be given to tra- 
 dition) fhe perform’d, having cover’d her body 
 with her long difchevel’d hair, without being 
 feen by any one : and fo freed her Citizens 
 from many heavy irapolitions for ever, fin 
 memory of Leojric (who dy’d in the 13th year 
 of -Edward the Confeflbr ) and of Godiva his 
 Countefs, their Pidtures were fet up in the Win- 
 dows of Innity Church, with this Infcrip- 
 
 I Lurick for the love of thee 
 Do fet Coventry T'oU-free. 
 
 And a Proceflioh or Cavalcade is ftill yearly 
 made in memory of Godiva^ with a naked 
 figure, reprefenting her riding on horfe-back 
 throu<7h the City. 1 From Leofrkky this City, 
 by Lucia, daughter of his fon Algar, came into 
 the pofleffion of the Earls of Cheiter i for fhe 
 had marry ’d Ranulph ( the firfl Earl of that 
 name, and the third of the family) who grant- 
 ed the fame Liberties to Coventry, that Lincoln 
 enjoy’d ; and gave a great part of the City to 
 the Monks. The refidue of it, and Cbilmore their 
 manour-houfe near the City, he referv’d to him 
 and his heirs ; who dying, and the inheritance 
 for want of iflue-male coming to be divided 
 amongft the fillers, Coventry, by the death of 
 De monte the Earls of Arundel, fell to Roger de Monte alto 
 Alto. or Monthault j whofe grandchild by his fon 
 Robert granted all his riglit, in default of ijfue- 
 ?nale, to Qiieen Ifabel, Mother of King Edveardthe 
 third, to hold during her life : after her deceafe, the 
 femainder to John de Eltbam brother of the King, 
 
 the firft in the < 5 th of Hen. 4, call’d from 
 the exclufion of the Lawyers Parliamentum in- 
 doihrum, or the unlearned Parliament the lat- 
 ter in the 38th Hen. > 6 , which, from the At- 
 tainders of Richard Duke of York, and the Earls 
 of Salisbury, Warwick, and March, was call’d 
 by fome Parliamentum Diabolicum, or the Devi- 
 lifh Parliament. It hath afforded the title of 
 Earl to George VtUiers, created Earl of Coven- 
 try and Duke of Buckingham, 18 May, 21 
 Jac. I, in which honours lie was fucceeded by 
 his fon of the fame name. Who dying without 
 iflue, the Title of Earl of Coventry (together 
 with that of Vifeount Deerhurfi,) was confer’d 
 upon 'Thomae Lord Coventry ot Allesborough, in 
 the pth year of King William the third.] 
 
 As to the Longitude of this City, it lies in 
 25 degrees, and 52 fcruples j and as to Lati- 
 tude, in 52 degrees, and 25 fcruples. Thtts 
 much of Coventry ', w'hich yet (that I may in- 
 gcnuoully acknowledge the perfon w'ho fur- 
 nifh’d me with it) you mull know you have 
 not from me, but from Henry Ferrars of Badfley, 
 a perfon to be refpeded as for his birth, fo 
 for his great knowledge in Antiquity, and my 
 very good friend i who in this and other 
 places courteoully direfled me, and (as it were) 
 gave me leave to light my candle ?.t his. 
 
 Near Coventry, to the North, are fituated 
 Aufley, a CalUe heretofore of the Hafiiugs Lords Au(!ey» 
 of Abergavenny j andf Brandon formerly a feat Brandon, 
 of the Verdons. To the Eaft is Caloughdon, com- Ji, * ° 
 monly call’d Caledon, an ancient feat of the 
 Barons Segrave, from whom it defeended to grave, 
 the Barons de Berkley, by one of the daughters 
 of Thomas Mowbray Duke of Norfolk. I'hefe 
 Segraves ( from the time that Stephen de Se- 
 grave was Chief Juftice of England ) were Ba- 
 rons of this Realm, and came to the Inheri- 
 
 fuch, the remainder to Edward King oj England, 
 ^c. For fo you have it in the Record ot a 
 
 and to the heirs of his body begotten. In default of ranee of the ChaimmLs, whofe Arms from that 
 
 time they aflum’d, viz. A Lion rampant, Arms of the 
 gent, crowned Or, in a fiield. Sable. John the lall Segraves. 
 Fine,' in the fecond year of Edward the third. 1 of this family, marry’d Margaret Dutchefs of 
 But* John Eltham was afterwards created ■ Norfolk, daughter of Tliomas de Erotherton', 
 
 Earl of Cornwall, and this place became an - 1 and had idue Elix.ahetb, who carry ’d the ho- 
 nex’d to the Earldom of Cornwall : from nour of Marlhal of England, and title of 
 which time, it hath flourifh’d very much. Se-| Duke of Norfolk, into the family of the Mow- 
 veral Kings bellow’d upon it divers immuni- Ur^yr. 
 
 ties and privileges, efpecially Edward the third, j Not far from hence, is BrirMo, where was Brluklo-ca- 
 who granted it the Eleilion of a Mayor and; an ancient Callle of the Mowbrays j to which 
 two Baylifts : and Henry the fixth, who having \ belong’d many fair polielfions lying round : but 
 laid to'^it fome of the neighbouring villages, | time hath fwept away the very ruins of it. 
 granted by his Charter ( for fo are the veryjflt is, in all probability, older than the Nor- 
 words of it,) Fbat it jhould be an entire County, i man Conquell ; otherwife our publick Records, 
 
 incorporate by it felf in deed and name, and difiinB 
 from the County of Warwick. At which time, 
 in lieu of two Baylifts, he conllituted two 
 Sheriffs ; and the Citizens began to enclofe it 
 with very llrong walls. In thefe are moll 
 noble and beautiful gates. At that Gate which 
 goes by the name ot Goford, is to be feen a 
 vaft fhield-bone of a Boar ; which you may 
 believe, that Guy of Warwick, or Diana ot 
 the Groves (which you pleale) kill’d in hun- 
 ting, after he had with his fnout turn’d up 
 c It. the pit or pond that is now called SwanfeweU- 
 Swanewe in ancient Choaxtxs Swinejwell. f An- 
 
 ciently, Edward the fourth, for their dilloy- 
 alty, took the Sword from the Mayor, and 
 feifed their Liberties and Fraiichifes, which 
 they redeemed with five hundred marks : and, 
 of late years, the Walls and Towers were de- 
 molilhed, by command of King Charles the 
 fecond, upon his Relloration, and only the 
 Gates left Handing 5 by which one may eafily 
 guefs at the ftrength and beauty of the Walls 
 and Towers. This City is famous, among 
 
 paol. 
 
 or fome other Authorities, would certainly « 
 
 have taken notice of it. If we Ihould carry it 
 back to the times of the Romans, there are 
 feveral circumllances which feem to jullifie 
 fuch a conjedure. As, that the Saxons often 
 apply’d their bleap (from whence our low is 
 derived, ) to fuch places as were remarkable 
 for the Rotnan Tfur.ndi j that th_re is an emi- 
 nent tumulus, upon which the Keep or Watch- 
 tower of tlie callle did Hand j that it lies upon 
 the Roman Fofl*e-\vay ; and is at a convenient 
 dillance from the Bennones.! Time hath alfo 
 iwept away the ruins of the Monaltery of 
 Combe, v/hicli the Camvils and the Mowbrays en- Combe* Ab- 
 dow’d ; and out of whofe afhes the beautiful 
 Sea'L of the Harringtons arofe in phis place. As 
 you go Eallward, Cejier-over, the polleffion of 
 the Gnvils, and v.hich I have touched upon 
 before, prefents it feif : [(fo call’d more lately ; 
 t but anciently, ‘TFefler-over, as (eated eaflward \ 
 from Monks-kirly, where have been found ap. 60. 
 confiderable number of Urns.) Near Cefier- 
 over,'\ Watlingjireet a Military way of the Ro- 
 
 other things, for the two Parliaments held in|mans, dividing this County from Leicelter- 
 
 fhire. 
 
dig 
 
 
 ftiire, runs to the iiorrN Ktt tj:Zi 7 T 
 
 Nonn-Eatou. which we have already fpokJi ■ IIZ'°]V 
 
 Eaton, which of old wL call’d Eaton ; bmT(- 
 tel ^M,CM thewile of Robert BoJJu Earl of Lei- 
 Knighton writes; had founded 
 a Monaflery oj Nuns here, in ■which fie her (elf 
 VMI projefsd of that number-, from thofe Nuns 
 It had the name of Non-Eaton. And former- 
 >, It was much fam’d for the piety of its 
 holy Viigins, who, being conflant in their De- 
 votions gave a good example of holy living 
 to all about them Near this, flood hereto- 
 
 IT f '■■h'l family 
 
 of the Afleleye ;_the heirefs of which was the 
 
 Afteley- 
 
 Caftle. 
 
 rHere V 1 Sm«fiut) repair’d, 
 
 tleman^'* a Kentilh Gen- 
 
 Ladv"!'^-?’^ Cambndg,;, at theinflance ofhis 
 Ehnn’l 1 endow’d a Free- 
 
 fcr^tioi f“- 
 
 Piieroy 
 
 Soli Deo Gloria, 
 ^chola pauperutn 
 
 Puellarum.'l 
 
 Manduejp- 
 dam. 
 
 Baron Afte- f 1 " ot wftieh was tht 
 
 Ba an ASe Pecond wife ot Reginald Grey Lord of Ruthin 
 
 pom him fprang the Greys Marquifles of Dor- 
 Jet , iome of whom were inter ’d in the neat 
 L.ollcge here. 
 
 A little higher, upon hVatlingblreet ( for 
 lo we commonly call this Military way ot 
 the Romans, ) where is a bridge of Hone o- 
 * river Anker, Manduejfedum is fe.ated ; a 
 
 Town of very great Antiquity, mention’d by 
 Antoninus : which having not yet altogether 
 Mancefler. loft pe name, is call’d Mamefler, and in Nin- 
 nius s Catalogue, Caer Mamegued. Which name 
 <lince a quarry of free-ftone lies near it ) was 
 probably given it, from the flo-ne there dug and 
 llew’d. For in the Gloflkries of the firitilh' 
 tongue, we find that Miia fignities a Jhne, and 
 Fojfwad in the Provincial langmage, digging ; 
 which being joyn d together, feem aptly enough 
 to exprefs the name Manduefiedum. But how 
 great, or of what note foever it was in thofe times, 
 it is now a poor little village, containing not 
 above fourteen fmall houfes ; and hath no other 
 monument of Antiquity to fliew, but fCoins 
 of filver and brafs, which have by digging and 
 plowing been frequently brought to light andl 
 Oldbury, an old Fort, which they call Oldbury, i. e. an 
 old Burrough, [of a Quadrangular Form, and 
 containing feven acres of ground ; with an En- 
 trenchment about a lands-length diftant from 
 nr. In the North-part of it, there have been 
 found feveral flint-ftoiies about four inches in 
 length, curioully wrought, by grinding, or by 
 fome fuch way. One end is lhap’d like the 
 edge of a Pole-ax ; and they are thought by 
 Sir JE^ilHam Dugdale, to have been weapons 
 us’d by the Britains, before the art of making 
 .arms of brafs and iron. They muft have been 
 brought hither for fome extraordinary ufe, 
 becaufe there are no flints to be found with-i 
 in forty miles of the place. One of them is| 
 now to be feen in Mr. Afhmole’s Mufmm id 
 Oxford.! Atherflon, on one -fide, a well-fre- 
 quented Market ( where the Church of the 
 Friers was converted into a Chapel, which ne- 
 verthelefs acknowledges that of Mancefter to 
 be the Mother-Church ; ) and Nonnreaton, on 
 the other lide, have, by their nearnefs, re- 
 duc’d Mamefier to what you fee. Neighbour 
 Mcri-v.il. to Atherfion is Meri-val, i. e. Merry-vale, where 
 Robert de Ferrers built and dedicated a Mma- 
 ftcry to God and the blelfed Virgin ; in which 
 his body, wrapp’d up in an Ox-hide, lies in- 
 ter ’d. 
 
 Pollerworth. Beyond thefe. Northward, lies Polkfworth, 
 where Modwena an irifh Virgin, fam’d for her 
 wonderful .piety, built .a Nunnery ; which Ro- 
 
 Hard by po. in the Saxon times, flourifh’d a 
 lown (of which there appear now but very 
 imall remains) call’d Secaadunum, and at this 
 d.y Seckmun ; where vEthelbald, King of theSeckinBa. 
 Mercians, in a civil war, was afliffinated and 
 1km by Beared fcalled in the Saxon-Annals 
 BeopiipeP,! Ill the year yqp ; but in a little 
 time the Aflaffin was cut off byKingOffa; 
 by the kme means falling from the throne, by 
 which he had impioufly afeended it. FFrom 
 this Engagement, probably, it took the name ; 
 recce m ^xoii fignifying battle, and Pun (which 
 afterwards w'as chang’d into ton) a hiB. Scarce 
 a furlong north of the Church, is a notable 
 fort; and near It, an .artificial hill, 43 foot in 
 heighth.l 
 
 ^ Catalogue of the Earls of Earls of War. 
 Warwick. And to pais by Guar^ and A/orm- wick. 
 dmy and Guy Cthe Echo of England) with ma- 
 ny more ot that flamp, which the fruitful 
 wits of thofe times brought forth at one birth : 
 
 Hen'ry foil of Roger de EeUomonte, brother of 
 Robert Earl of Mellent, was the firft Earl of 
 the Norman race ; who marry ’d Margaret 
 daughter ot lErnulph de Hefdin, Earl of Pitch, 
 a perfon of mighty power and aurhoiitr. They 
 of this family who bore tliat hoiioiuy were, 
 
 Ro^er fon of Henry, milium foil of Roger (who 
 dy d ill the 30th year of King Henry the fe- 
 cond,) Walkran liis brother, Henri fon of V/al- 
 leran, thommXdi fon (who dy’d without ifl'ue 
 III the 2dth of Henry the third ; ) and his lifter 
 Margery^ furviviiig, w.as Countds of dVar-mck, 
 and dy’d without illiie. Her two husbands ne- 
 venhelefs, firft John Marefchal, then John de . 
 
 Plejfets, ill right of their wife, and by the fa- r 3 ‘ 
 
 vour of their Prince, were rais’d to the ho- 
 nour of Earls of Warwiclc. But thefe dying 
 without ifl'ue by Margery WaBeran, Marge- 
 ry’s uncle by the father, fucceeded in the ho- 
 nour ; and he dying without iffue, Alice his 
 lifter came to the Inheritance ; and after her, 
 
 WiBiam her fon ( call’d Male-doam, Malduit, 
 and Memduit, de Hanjlap ; ) who dy’d alfo with- 
 out iflile. But Ifabel his lifter being marry’d 
 to WiBiam de Bello Campo, or Beauchamp, Baron 
 of Elmejly, carry ’d the Earldom into the family 
 of the Beauchamps. Who ( if I am not mifta- 
 ken) becaufe they were defeended from a daugh- 
 ter of Vrfus de Abtot, gave the Bear for their 
 Cognifance, and left it to their pofierity. Of 
 this family there were fix Earls and one Duke, 
 
 William fon of Ifabel, John, Guy, Fhermas, 
 
 Fhomae the younger, Richard, and hailly Henry, 
 to whom King Henry the fixth made a Grant 
 without precedent. That he ihould be primier 
 Earl of all England, and ufe this title, Henry 
 
 (a) He enfeoPd fix Gentlemen and feven Divines, in as mncli as amounted to one hundred and forty pounds 
 per annum at the lead, for a liberal maintenance of a School-ma'licr and dchool.mitirefs to teach the Children of 
 the Parilh. And what remain’d, was to be employ’d in charitable ufes, fuch^s he in his lile-time lliould think 
 fit, and, in default of his own aflually difpofing of it, left it to the difcrellon of his Trullees. He likewife 
 built a fair Houfc for the Vicar of PoUefmnh. 
 
 primier 
 
6i6 
 
 615 
 
 CO RNJVII. 
 
 * pracomes. 
 Rot. Pari. 
 23 Hen. 6* 
 Regiilum- 
 
 24 Hen. 6. 
 
 * So faid, 
 ann. 1607 
 
 - Earl of aU England, and Earl of mr- 
 
 widL. He made him alio t King pt the Me ot 
 
 Wight, and afterwards created him Duke ot 
 Warwick, and by the exprefs words of his pa- 
 tent, granted that he Jhould have flaee tnParha- 
 metit, md dfewhere, next to the Duke of Norfolk 
 and before the Duke of Buckingham. He had but 
 .one daughter, Anne, who in the Inqutfmm ts 
 ftil’d oLtefi of Warwick, and dy d m her In- 
 fancy. She was fucceeded by Richard Nevdl 
 rwho had marry’d the daughter of the fald 
 Duke of Warwick; ) a perfon of an mvrncib e 
 fpirit, but changeable and fickle in point of Loyal- 
 tv, and the very fport and tennis-ball of fortune. 
 Who, although no King himfelf, was fuperiour 
 to Kings ; as being the perfon who depos d 
 Henry the lixth ( a moft bountiful Prince to 
 him,) and fet up Edward the fourth in his 
 place Afterwards he un-king d him again, 
 and re-efiablifh-d Henry the fixth in the 
 Throne, and involv’d the kingdom in the npmes 
 of a civil war, which were not extingmlh d 
 but with his own blood, and fcarce with that. 
 Edveard, fon of one of his daughters by George 
 Duke of Clarence, fucceeded ; whom Henry 
 the feveilth (for neither youth nor innocence 
 could protea him) to fecure himfelf and his 
 line, put to death. The title of this Earldom 
 fwhich was become formidable to Henry the 
 eighth by the great troubles vhteh Richard 
 Nevil, that fcourge of Kings, had raifed) lay 
 dormant, till Edward the fixth gave it to John 
 Dudley, as deriving a title from the AeaKc/MW?J. 
 He (as the before-mention d Richard had done; 
 endeavouring to fubvert the Government under 
 Queen Mary, had his boundlefs ambition pu- 
 nch’d with the lofs of his head. But his fon, 
 rjohn, whilft his father was living, and Duke 
 of Northumberland, by the courtefie of Eng- 
 land made ufe of this title for fome time : 
 and afterwards a perfon moft accom- 
 
 plifll’din all heroick qualities, and ofafweet 
 difpofition, by the royal favour of C^een Eli- 
 xabeth, had in our memory the titla reltor d 
 to him, and fupported it with great honour, 
 and at laft dy’d without iflue, fin th>i year 
 itSo. After this, Robert Lord Rich of 
 
 leaewas created Earl 
 
 and dying foon after, was fucceeded by his fon, 
 and grandfon, both Roberts. Charles, brother 
 to the latter, was next Earl, who, dying the 24th 
 of Auguft 1573, left the honour to Robert Rich, 
 Earl of Holland, his Coufin-german. Which 
 Robert was fucceeded in both the honours, y 
 Edward his fon and heir ; whofe (on Edward 
 Henry doth now alfo enjoy both thofe honoura- 
 ble Titles .1 
 
 In this County 158 PariJb'Cburches. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Warwick- 
 fhire. 
 
 ‘Though I have lived fome years in this County, 
 yit have I met with no peculiar local plants growing 
 therein : The more rare and uncommon are, 
 
 Cyperus gramineus miliaceus Ger. Millet- 
 CyperHi-grafSi mention d in Effex. Frequent by the 
 river Tames-fide near Tamworth and elfewhere. 
 
 Cypems longus inodorus fylveftris Ger. Gra 
 men cyperoides altiilimum foliis & carina leira- 
 tis P. Boccone. Long-rooted bajlard Cyperm. In 
 boggy places by the river Tame at Dorjihill near 
 Tamworth. 
 
 Equifetum nudum Ger. junceum feu nudum 
 Park, foliis nudum non ramofum feu ^nceum 
 C.B. Naked Horfrtail or Shave-grafs. This pe- 
 des is more rare in England. We found it in a 
 moifl ditch at Middleton towards Drayton. It « 
 brought over to us from beyond Sea, and employ d 
 by artificers for polijhing of vejfels, bandies oj tools, 
 and other utenftls .■ it is fi hard that it w, l toueh 
 iron it felf lam inform’d by my honoured Friend 
 Mr John Awbrey, that it is to be found in a rivu- 
 let near Broad-ftiteh Abbey in mltfhire, plenti- 
 fully. That fort which grows common with m ts 
 fofter, and will not Jhave or poUfh wood, much tejs 
 
 iron- ... • ' 
 
 Tuncus lasvis minor panicula glomerata nigri- 
 cantej call'd by thofe of Montpellier, with whom 
 alfo it is found, Juncus femme Lithofpermi. 
 Black-headed Rttfh with Gromil-feed. In thejame 
 places with the Cyperus longus inodorus. _ 
 Gramen cyperoides paluftre elegans, Ipica- 
 compoTita afperiore. Elegant Cyperus-grafs with 
 a rough compound head. In a Pool at Middleton fo- 
 wards ColeJJMl. , . . 
 
 Gramen cyperoides polyftaenjon majus, ipi“ 
 cis teretibus eredis. Cyperoides anguftifoiium 
 Tpicis longis eredis C.B. Great Cyperm-grajs with 
 ' round upright fpikes. In fever al pools about Mid- 
 dleton. . . 
 
 Lunaria minor, Ger. Park. Moonxmt. 1 his is 
 found in feveral clofes about Sutton-Colfeld, on the 
 wefl-fide of the town. 
 
 NarciiTus fylveflris pallidus, calyce luteo C B^ 
 Pfeudo-narciflus Anglicus Ger. Anglicus 
 tis Park. Bulbocodium vulgatius J. B. Wild 
 Englifh Daffodil. In fome pafiures ahmt Sutton- 
 Colfeld on the Eaft-ftde of the town plentifully. 
 
 Ranunculo five Polyanthemo aquatlll albo 
 affine. Millefolium maratriphyllum flultans J.B. 
 Millefolium maratriphyllum Ranunculi Hore 
 Park. Millef. aquat. foliis Feemeuli, Ranunculi 
 dote & capitulo C. B. Fermel-leav’d W iter-Craw- 
 fiot. In the River Tame, and the Brooks that run 
 into it plentifully. It is alfo found in the river 
 Oufe near Offord. It is a perfeB genuine Crow- 
 foot, and ought to be call’d Ranunculus aquaticus 
 Fceniculi foliis. 
 
 Turritis Ger. vulgatior J.B. Park, itaffica 
 fylveftris foliis integris & hifpidis C. B. Tower- 
 mufiard. On Dorsthill-UU near Tamworth. 
 
 Vaccinia rubra buxeis foliis Park. Red-whorts 
 or Bill-berries. See the other Symnymes in Dir- 
 byfhire. On the black boggy-heaths between Middle- 
 
 ton and Sutton. „ r , ■ 
 
 Equifetum fylvaticum Tab. Gn. fylvaticum 
 tenuiffimis fetis C. B. omnium minimum tenm- 
 folium Park. Equifetum five Hippuris tenuiffi- 
 ma non afpera J. B. Wood-Horfetail. In moift 
 places, and by the watery ditches by the wood-fide on 
 the right-hand at you go from Middleton to Sums, a 
 little before you come to the heath. n t . 
 
 Erica baccifera procumbens mgra C. B. oac- 
 citera procumbens Ger. baccifera nigra ar . 
 baccifera Matthioli J.B. Blaek-berrud Heath, 
 Crow-berries or Crake-berries. On the mifl banks by 
 the new Park at Middleton, on that fide next Londen- 
 road, K «//■» Ofmunda Regahs. _ 
 
 Biftorta major Gerr. maj. vulgaris Park. ma). 
 rugofioribus foliis J. B. maj. radioe minus in- 
 tona. The greater Biflort or Snakeweed. In the 
 meadows at Tamworth and FafeUj plentifully 
 Vitis Id^a Thymi foliis. Idara paluftris C. B. 
 Vaccinia paluftria Ger. Park. Oxycoccus feu vac- 
 cinia paiuftriay. A. Murfh Whortle-berries, Mofs- 
 berries, Moor-lcrries or Corn-berries. In the moonp 
 grounds and quagmires in Sumn-Celfeld-park pten- 
 lifully. ffeo R- 
 

Wk g T 
 
 Sturbridi 
 
 SturCcn Ca/i ifcj- 
 
 ,-r. i '' ^Tcdtnore 
 
 Xif±k'. i :* 
 
 ^Ji’hittinjtoni 
 
 y— -Staffoi'd SJi. 
 
 Dunklin 
 
 
 2C«rt«) 
 
 'Jfiob’^rU 
 
 JCinlet 
 
 Kederniinitej 
 
 cut try 
 :Park'- 
 
 I Bewdlrv^ 
 
 'TUk^.i/\ 
 
 liibhcPorJ. 
 
 .KyUon ycncfcllcr. 
 
 ClmbriSj 
 
 i'Ujrtlcbit Y 
 ^/•i' t 
 
 ALambl^ 
 
 'Kniahton ' 
 
 X D D R E 
 
 .^^drid^ -^berli 
 
 ShdJij- 
 
 i kshcif!}- 
 
 DroitWicJi 
 
 ■.Salvarw / ^S^Fun 
 
 J _odl^^ 
 .4W^ i 
 f XibbertsriL 
 
 Urimlty 
 
 Oitr' 
 
 Stake 
 
 St‘ether',Sap\ 
 T’.'../ ...^ 
 
 Sacklmtcn 
 
 ^/mimoL 
 
 cmu\ 
 
 Ken^mick 
 
 Vhitbi 
 
 ' Bsdin^hi 
 
 f ^J^J'inloy/i \ 
 Xart oFlFbii.' 
 
 \. J 
 
 \SfJchnA 
 
 J3raJ.Tfi^y. 
 
 Hkcrid^ 
 
 . Xe tnf 
 
 )l/hlttin^n Chi 
 
 f£ahei^ 
 
 hall-Pdi^k 
 
 £ ±^3raunjford 
 jLet^fuXinton. 
 
 Stanford ^ 
 
 Xyjhfrome X^K 
 
 Sfiwlani 
 
 •dctonJieuuchai 
 
 . tiaona 
 
 
 ClcTihd 
 
 f^\ 
 
 ^ BUtkmcveX 
 ' Xark \ i~ r-K^^ 
 
 I iMal'v-exn a- — • 
 
 ' , .ciiace 
 'Uabvrn T _.^rw i •• ^-a 
 Tarra. i ^ A. _ 
 
 Cromi 
 
 ^een J£Ul | 
 
 d/inor ^ 
 
 -Hcrton Cufili 
 .Uah-^rn--jm^^. 
 
 Si'iUs. 
 
 lurv 
 
 ■/Norton X'lrch 
 
 Buflil^ 
 
 Xhi Barrojo 
 
 fcrthamtn 
 
 Cldrer Xteld 
 
 - -■ 
 
 y =■* 
 
 .••' BnJUyy. 
 
 0 JZ D \ "Worcciter ■' i 
 
[I Nortji 
 
 OillU Brumyche 
 
 \Smethik 
 
 i- \^>'urdlif 
 
 Shcldm 
 
 Jiales' t5*v/j 
 
 ^dHarb, 
 
 . I'runklct 
 
 i J^Kellutns 
 
 WORCE STER 
 E Shire 
 
 W Roh^" JlorcL-n. 
 
 Zickisx- £eacon 
 
 '.Ulnn 
 
 ORithcrn Cha 
 
 - AA-' 
 
 'Scuadm-k 
 
 E - 33 ^-^' 
 i H itW deed. 
 
 \Skiltes 
 
 ^runae 
 
 StudU 
 
 ficktnhi 
 
 >3rHUy 
 
 O S WA I, 
 
 jSiZnkb^r 
 
 Bcacham 
 
 
 iStretfoi-J 
 
 tuddmcton^ 
 
 aLUcote\ 
 Turk J 
 
 ) Eliford 
 ^■Sncdell 
 
 
 s-lhhcrt 
 ■Pidle J^'prih 
 
 ^a-ifford 
 
 Bejfmtcn 
 
 7'’hitdiurch\ 
 
 ^^dnnnjtsnjj 
 o ^ZiTlctor^S'crtk 
 
 Apixm, i 
 
 1 - . ^X'alitcn 
 
 i 
 
 n Xitiitsn Siiuth 
 
 / iR/ST 
 
 ff Offcnhnm. 
 
 '■Bifhum^tc 
 
 diitenton 
 
 
 I ^ 'ylrmescat^i 
 'flmintori\ ’’3lacjiftU 
 
 ddarlihascot 
 
 • cefter ' 
 
 '■Xtdmmjtqj 
 
 
 3^jrd 
 
 W X Combertoi 
 [ ■ ^.Uu^nu 
 J ■** .• 
 
 ydoiu% 
 
 ^srCsn 
 
 \StrAtton 
 yyiltvotjt ' 
 
 , JdintstWi 
 
 dtoure^ 
 
 —^^tthertan 
 
 Huistd 
 
 L Stdi'h.i 
 
 ^ Part ^o£ 'd^liai 
 
 •i 3n !i 
 
 
 Zimin^ton 
 
 Bi^ard 
 
 Ts-iniiherton 
 
 31'ormtnjtoi 
 
 Eke Eour Shtri\ 
 
 
 
 1 Part 
 'JWoi c etler 
 
 Evsninj 
 
 ' Tsiinjtiix 
 -i/h church 
 
 ^wltasburv 
 
 Sto-W 
 
 I'Wbrc,: 
 
 Eas t 
 
WORC ESTERS HIRE. 
 
 617 
 
 61H 
 
 HE Second Province of the 
 Cormw, having now changed 
 its name, is tfom the prin- 
 cipal town call’d in Latin ^f-7- 
 gornienjis Comitatus, in Saxon 
 Pipeceapceji-pcype, and in the 
 prefent Englijht IVorceJlerfhire. 
 
 rit is well known, that after the Britains 
 were expell’d this Nation by the Conquering 
 Saxons, they retir’d beyond the Severn^ and 
 defended their new Territories againft the en- 
 croaching enemy. So that this County, with 
 thofe others through v'hich that large river 
 runs, were for a long time the frontiers be- 
 
 * Breviar. tween the two people. And ( * as Mr. ‘Tmne 
 f.26. p, I. has obferv’d) moft of the great cities that lye 
 
 upon the Eaft-lhore of Severn and Desy were 
 built (to rehft the incurfions of the Britains) 
 by the Romans or Saxons, or both.l The 
 Inhabitants of this part, with their neigh- 
 bours, in the time of Bede, before England 
 ■Wiccii. was divided into Counties, were call’d Wkeii', 
 which name, if not given them from the wind- 
 ing courfe of the river on which they dwell 
 (for as I have before obferv’d, the Saxons flil’d 
 the winding reach of a river, pic,) may feem 
 Salt-pits. be derived from the Salt-fitSy which the an- 
 cient Englifh in their language nam’d Wiches. 
 For in this Country, there are noble Brine- 
 pits j and many Salt-fprings are ever and anon 
 difeover’d, but are presently ftop’d up, becaufe, 
 as I learn from fome ancient writings, they 
 are oblig’d, for the prefervation of wood, to 
 make fait only in one place. Nor let it be 
 thought improbable, that places fliould take 
 their names from Sah-pitsy feeing there are 
 many inftances hereof in all Countries ; and 
 our Anceftors the Germans (as ‘Tacitus reports) 
 firmly believ’d fuch places to be neareft Hea- 
 ven ^ and that mens prayers are no where 
 fooner heard by the Gods. 
 
 fThefe Wiccii feem to have inh.abited all that 
 traft, which was anciently fubjedt to the Bi' 
 (hops of Worceftery that is, all Glocefierjhire on 
 the eafl-fide Severny with the city of Brifiol 
 all Worcejierjhirey except fixteen Parilhes in the 
 north-weft part, lying beyond Aberley-hills, 
 the river Temt j and ne.ir the fouth-half of 
 WarwkkOnre with Warvjkk town. For, as un- 
 der the Heptarchy, at lirft there was but one 
 Bifliop in each kingdom, and the whole realm 
 was his Diocefe ^ fo upon the fubdividing the 
 kingdom of Mercia into five Bifhopricks, An, 
 Dorn. 619. (of which Fkrentius Wig(>rnienftsicc\x\s. 
 Wiccia was the firft,) doubtlefs the Bifhop had 
 the entire Province under his junfdiaion, and 
 accordingly he was fill’d Bishop oj the Wketans, 
 and not oUVorcefier. This will appear more 
 
 * p .,9. probable yet, from a pafftge m FlorentmSy who 
 eAiullld. faith that Ojhere, Viceroy of the mcaansy per- 
 quarto. fwaded JEtbelredy King ot Mercta, to make this 
 
 divifion. out of a defire that the Province o 
 Wkda, which he govern d with a f«rt of 
 power, might have the honour of a B, (hop of 
 Its own. This being effefled, his See was at 
 Wmeflir, the Metropolis of the Province which, 
 i u-a P 1 accordine to t Bede, border d on the kingdom 
 Jb" of tS tl-eftlxons, th,at is, mUlhire and &- 
 
 mJtfhire : and Cctef^oU-m be m it. which 
 
 in Eadgar’s Charter to Ofwald is call d 
 llConc.Tom.ff^cojM, 01 IViai art-hill, tlio \\ S^ehnaa 
 
 1. p. 433. 
 
 corruptly Monte JVittifeay and Monafikon* 
 more corruptly Wtbifea. Moreover Sceorfiany 
 which poflibly is the Shire-flone» beyond thefe^'^'^°* 
 hills, is faid by | Florentim to be in PFiccia.~\ pjQj,, p. 
 
 This County is bounded by Warwkkjhire on 385. 4*. 
 the eaft, by Glocefterfnre on the fouth, by the 
 Counties ot Hereford and Salop on the weft, and 
 on the north by Staffordjhire. To fay all in 
 one word j the Air and Soil are both fo pro- 
 pitious, that it is inferior to none of its neigh- 
 bours, either for health or plenty. It produ- 
 ceth, efpecially. Pears in great abundance, which, 
 thougii they be not grateful to nice palates, 
 nor do they keep well j yet they afford a vi- 
 nous juice, of which is made a fort of counter- 
 feit wine call’d Pyrrjy that is very much drunk j Pyrry^ 
 though it be, like other liquots of that kind, 
 both cold and flatulent. 
 
 Neither is it lefs happily accommodated with 
 Water ; for it hath in all parts very fine ri- 
 vers, which furniflt it plentifully with fifh of 
 the moft delicious kinds. Not to mention 
 thofe rivers which are lefs remarkable, the moft 
 noble river of Severn directs the courfe of its 
 rich ftream from north to fouth through the 
 very middle of the County, and Avon waters 
 the fouth-part thereof in its way out of War- 
 ■wickfhire into Severn. 
 
 [In the very north-point, lies Stourhridgey fo Stourbridge, 
 nam’d from the river upon which it ftands : a 
 
 well-built marker-town, and of latemuch enrich’d 
 by the iron and glafs-works. King Edward 6 . 
 founded and liberally endow’d a Grammar- 
 fchool here- ; and in our time, near this place, 
 the pious munificence of Thomoi Foleyy Efq; 
 erefted a noble Hofpital, and endow’d it with 
 Lands for the maintenance and education of 
 fixty poor Children, chofen moftly out of this 
 and fome neighbour-parilhes. They are in- 
 ftruded in Grammar, Writing, Arithmetick, 
 
 <^c. to fit them for trades. Their habit and 
 difeiplin are much like that of Chrift’s Hofpi- 
 tal ill London.1 
 
 Severny at its very firft entrance into this 
 County, runs between Kidderminfiers^nA W- K^iddermin- 
 ley } the latter juftly taking that name fromitsfter and 
 moft pleafant fituation, upon the declivity of aBcawdley. 
 hill over the wellern bank of the river : it 
 was t lately remarkable for the wonderful So ftid, 
 height of the trees in the adjacent foreft of^'^- 
 IVyrSy which are f now in a manner all gone ; 
 whence our Poet and Antiquary Leland faith 
 of it, 
 
 Eelkinm rerum BeUus Locus undique floret 
 Fronde coronatus Viriana tempora Sylva. 
 
 Fair feated Beavedley a delightful town, 
 Which Wires tall Oaks with ihady branches 
 
 But now, this little town is celebrated only for 
 
 its delicate fituation and beauty ; together with 
 the Palace of Tkkenbally which King Henry the 
 feventh built, to be a place of retirement for 
 Prince Arthur. TThe true name is probably 
 Tkcen-hilly that is, GoatsAnlly and was the name 
 of the place, before the houfe, or bally was 
 built j which, with the adjoyning Park, was 
 deftroy’d in the late times of Ufurpation. I 
 The former, Kidderminfler, whicli is allb call d 
 ■j j i i Kiddeh 
 
6i5> 
 
 CORN JV II. 
 
 620 
 
 Kiddelminjler, lies over-agdnft it on the eaft- 
 fide, but at a greater diflance from the river j 
 a neat town, and a market well furnifh d with 
 all commodities, and divided by the little ri" 
 ver^'^OKr, which runs through it. The great- 
 eft ornaments it hath at prefent, are, a very 
 fair Church, in w'hich fome of the eminent 
 f^ily of the Cokefeys lie inter’d and * fine 
 
 * They do houfe of the * a good family, honour d 
 
 not rehde with Knighthood, and defcended from thofe 
 
 o^Kinlet. But anciently this place was of note 
 
 for its Lords the Bijfets, very great men in 
 their time ; whofe rich Patrimony coming at 
 length to a divifion among fifters, part went 
 to the Barons Abergavenny, and part to an 
 Hofpital of Leprous women in IVihJhire ; which 
 houfe one of thefe fifters, being her felf a Le- 
 per fas is commonly faidl built and endow d 
 with her fhare of the eftate. TBut the Hof- 
 + Monaft. pital of Maiden-Bradky, in truth, was | built 
 Angl. Tom. by Manfer Bijfet in King Stephen’s time, or the 
 2. p. +08. beginning of Henry the fecond, and endow’d 
 by him and his fon Henry, long before the 
 
 * Dugd. Ba- eftate was divided among daughters. * For 
 ronage, T. x.that happen’d not till the year 1241, fo that 
 p. 632. the Tradition of the Leprous Lady is a vulgar 
 
 fable.l Afterwards, this place gave the title 
 of Baron to John Beauchamp, Steward of the 
 Houftiold to Richard the fecond, who by his 
 Baron Beau- Letters Patents created him Baron Beauchamp 
 champ of of Kidderminfier. Soon after this, he, with ma- 
 Kiddermin- other eminent perfons, was, in defiance of 
 that King, condemn’d and beheaded by the 
 Barons, who making an infurreeftion ^with the 
 Commons, in contempt of the King’s Autho- 
 rity, call’d all his prime Favourites to account 
 for male-adminiftration. ! And in our time, 
 T'homas Foley of Whitley Court, hath been ad- 
 vanced to the Honour of a Baron of this 
 realm, by the title of Baron Foley of Kidder- 
 minfter.1 
 
 Hence, Severn taking fome what an oblique 
 Hcrtlebury, courfe, falutes Hertkbury, a Caftle of the Bi- 
 fhops of IVbrcejler, not far diftant from it ; 
 Whitley. fnear Whitley, the feat of the 
 
 Holts, inold Lord Foley ,1 to Holt (which hath that name 
 Englilh, from the thick vjoods,) a caftle formerly be- 
 
 Woods or longing to the Abtots, and fince to the Beau- 
 
 Forefls. champs. Thefe, fpringing from William Beau- 
 champ, firnam’d the blind Baron, grew up into 
 a very honourable family j w'hofe eftate after 
 fome time by heirs-female came to the Guifes 
 and Penifiones. fit was, fince, the inheritance of 
 the Bromleys, defcended from Sir Thomoi Brom- 
 ley, Lord Chancellor of England in the mid- 
 dle of C^een Elizabeth’s reign : The eldeft 
 branch or which family being lately extinft by 
 the death of William Bromley, Efqj (a perfon 
 of great worth) without iftue-male this eftate 
 is now pafs’d into another family of the fame 
 name, in the County of Cambridge.! In its 
 palTage downward, Severn feeds fuch a num- 
 Lampreys. ber of River-Lampreys, that Nature feems to 
 have made a Pond for them in this place, fuch 
 as the Romans anciently invented in the height 
 of their Luxury. Lampreys have their name 
 from the Latin Lampetra, or licking the rocks j 
 they are like Eels, llippery and of a dark co- 
 lour, only fome\\hat blueifti on the belly : 
 on each fide the throat they have feven holes, 
 at which they receive water, having no gills 
 at all. They are beft in feafon in the fpring, 
 as being then of a moft delicious tafte, whereas 
 in the fummer the firing within them, which 
 doth the office of a back-bone, groweth hard. 
 The Italians do much improve the delicacy of 
 their tafte, by a particular way of dreffing 
 * Vino Cre- them. Firft, they kill the filh in * Malvefey. 
 
 and ftop the mouth with a nutmeg, and each 
 hole with a clove ; then rolling them up round, 
 they add the kernels of filbirds ftamp’d, with 
 crumS of bread, oil, Malvefey, and Spices ; 
 and then ftew them all together carefully in 
 a pan over a moderate fire for fome little 
 time. But to inftruft Cooks and Epicures, is 
 no part of my Bufinefs. 
 
 Below Holt, the Severn opens its eaftern bank 
 to receive the river Salwarp; [for the making 
 of which navigable, together with the neigh- 
 bouring Stour, an f Aft of Parliament was pro-4 14 Car. 2 
 cur’d in the reign of King Charles the fe-n. 46. 
 cond.l This Sahvarp, rifing in the north-part 
 of the County, runs by a confi-g^^jj^g.^. 
 
 derable market-town, npt far from Grafton, a grave, 
 feat of the renowned family of the Grafton, 
 
 which T(upon the Attainder of Humfrey Staf- 
 ford)! King Henry the feventh gave to Gilbert 
 ‘Talbot a younger fbn of John the fecond Earl 
 of Shrewsbury ; whom, for his bravery in war, 
 and his extraordinary wifdom, he alfo made 
 Knight of the Garter, and Governour of Ca- 
 lice in France. fUpon the death of Edward Brook’s C»- 
 Earl of Shrewsbury, Feb. 7. 16 ly. (the lafttalogue of 
 heir-male of John the third Earl of this fa- 
 mily) the honour came to the houfe of c"rre- 
 
 ton ; which was the feat, of Charles Earl offtions, p.471. 
 Shrewsbury, the next lineal heir of Sir Gilbert Dugd. Bar. 
 Talbot before-mention’d .1 P* 334* 
 
 From Brome’s-grave, Salwarp proceeds to 
 Droitwich (Durtwkh fome call it, from theDurtwich. 
 Brine-pits and its wet fituation, as Hyetus in 
 Bceotia fisfaidto be! from its dirty (oil. 
 phanus Byz.antius, in his book De Urbibus, un- 
 der "Twrlof, mentions this reafon of the name. 
 
 Neverthelefs, it feems not improbable, that* See Paufa- 
 the town in Bmotia deriv’d its name from Hy- 1 . ?• 
 ettm an exile from Argos who fix’d here j for 
 the Greek name is not 'rt%s, but '’ThtW. But 
 this by the way .1 ll Here rife *feveral fprings by jj vide Phil, 
 nature’s particular bounty yielding plenty ofTranf. n.142. 
 brine, ((which lately yscre three, but anciently, 
 as long fince as King Henry the feventh, were * 
 
 five in number.! They are feparated by a brook ^ 
 of frefli water which runs between them. And 
 out of them is made the pureft and whiteft 
 kind of Salt, for fix months in the year, that is, 
 from the Summer to the Winter Solftice ; (be- 
 ing prepar’d in feveral little boiling houfes 
 built about the pits. [Not that they obferve 
 thefe ; as the feafons of wealling, nor do they 
 at any time leave oft^ becaufe the brine is too 
 weak to make fait (for the fprings yield ftrong 
 brine all the year round,) but they leave off 
 only, when they judge the quantity of fait 
 made, fufficient to fen^e their markets, which 
 they are careful not to overftock ; and if that 
 require the making it all the year, they do it. 
 
 The proportions here made, may be gather’d 
 from the Taxes annually paid from hence to 
 the Crown, above fifty tlioufand pounds per 
 ann. at the rate of 3 j. d d. per bufhel.! What 
 a prodigious quantity of wood thefe falt-works 
 confume, though men be filent, yet Feckenham Feckenham 
 Foreft, once very thick with trees, and theForeft. 
 neighbouring woods, do by their thinnels de- 
 clare t daily more and more ; (which being not f So faid,' 
 equal to fo great and conftant a confumption, ann. 1607. 
 they now burn coal, and not wood, in their 
 Seales. The number of the Pits hath been 
 confiderably encreas’d, and it is not at all to 
 be doubted, but many more may be yet made.1 
 If I fhould fay, that Richard de la Wich, Bi- Richard dc 
 Ihop of Chichefler, %vho was born here, did la Wich. 
 by his prayers obtain thefe Salt-fprings, I am 
 afraid fome would cenfure me as very injurious 
 to the Divine Providence, and over-credulous 
 
 of 
 
621 
 
 
 of old wives Fables. Neverthelefc , 
 
 did not only believe it firmly thcmfelves and A ^ Iigh; into the horrid defign. 
 
 accomm nafd 
 
 account paid him honours in a manner divine •• 
 
 When, for his skill in the Canon-Law, and 
 a it’i folemnly canoniz’d for 
 
 l! TAnd at this 
 
 622 
 
 feems. 
 
 ;s annually kept here, .1, memory 
 
 I's “P™ credit of 
 
 this Lt^end.1 Ja before this Rkhard was 
 born, Gervafi^-. riHury wrote the fellowing 
 .account of thefe Springs, tho’ not exaflly true; 
 /-I the B,t^e a/ Worcefter, ehete U a enUee m 
 jar frem tha. city, nam’d Wich, tatera at the fm 
 'of a Uttk ha, there nns a fiream of eierr fviea 
 neater. On the hunk hereof, are certain pits, few in 
 mmaer, and of no great defth, whoje water is ex- 
 tremely fait ; which, boil'd in fans, cOndenfeth into 
 white fait. Ail the Gauntry ref on, that from 
 Ghrijtmeis to Midfummer there comes up very /iron? 
 irine ; but that ah the nfi of the year, the water 
 as fotnewhat jrefh and unfit to make fait. And 
 F Ofponmi which I think more wonderful, when the water, \net 
 Z'Z’J°L tnoughfor making fait, rifeth, it farce ever 
 
 rL,,tit^ 'fdns overthepitiattlsefeafmofitsfahnefs, the 
 
 vYitie is not in the leafl weaken’d by the 'vicinity of 
 ■the jrejh river s and yet it is not at all near the 
 Sea. Moreover, in the King’s Survey, which 
 we call Domefday-book, In Wich there be eight 
 fats of fait belonging to the King and to the Earl, 
 which in every week of wealliiig yield on the Fri- 
 day fiateen Bullions. rWhat proportion this is, I 
 cannot determin. Monfieur dtt Cange^ in his 
 GIolTary, contents himfelf to fay in general, 
 that it is a meafure of Salt. I am apt to 
 think, it is the fame with BuUitiones in Domef- 
 day-book, where an account is given of the 
 rent of eight fats belonging to the King and 
 Earl at Nantwich, which paid every Friday fix- 
 teen BuUitiones ; and it follows, that fifteen of 
 thefe made unam fummam, one Team or horfe- 
 . ^ load, or eight bulhels f. And in the Mona- 
 GlolT^n Sum- fiicon Anglicanum, four [urns are faid to contain 
 ^2<6 .°co 1* which I conceive to be Barrows. 
 
 the fize whereof hath been different, at diffe- 
 rent places and times. But whatever be the 
 meaning of that expreffion in Domefday; it 
 is certain, that thefe Springs were known and 
 ufed, long before that Book was compil’d. 
 Witnefs, divers Grants of the Saxon Kings, 
 Kenulph, EdwiUi and Edgar j to the Church of 
 Worcefier, and the Convent of Parfhore j and 
 one other to the faid Church as early as King 
 Athelfian j in all which, exprefs mention is 
 made of the Pits and Salt in this place ; and 
 they are, by confequence, at leaft five hundred 
 years, and upwards, older than Rkhard de la 
 IVich. The town it felf is very wealthy j it 
 had great privileges granted it by King Jobny 
 whofe Charter they have to fhew at this day j 
 (after whofe time, in the year i2po, Sr. An- 
 drew's Church, with the greater part of the 
 town, was burnt : ) They were alfo much fa- 
 vour’d by his fon King Henry the third and 
 otlier Princes i particularly King fames the 
 firft, in the lid year of his reign, granted 
 them a Charter. The Burrough is govern’d 
 by two Ba^s and a certain number of Bur- 
 geffes : tlif^elid alfo two Members to Par- 
 liament. Between Droirwich and Worceller, 
 Henlip, at no great diftance from the Severn, is Hen- 
 lipy a fair feat of the Abingtonsj remarkable for 
 the taking of Garnet and Oldcornj two eminent 
 Jefuits concern’d in the Powder-plot i who, 
 after many days fruitlefs fearch, were found in 
 a cavity of a wall over a chimney. In the 
 fame houfe w'as w'ritten that obfcure Letter to 
 
 Leicefier' 
 
 Antiquic. 
 
 p. 427- 
 
 4 Spelm. 
 
 Annal, Wi- 
 Sorn, 
 
 A j i-ue iiorna defign. 
 
 A large defcription of Wmceflerfhire, was writ- 
 
 o' f Antiquary of 
 
 this family ; the publication whereof hath been 
 impatiently e.apettcd from him, thefe many 
 years. 1 ^ 
 
 ^ot four miles below Droitwich. Severn 
 with a now courfe, and as it were admiring, 
 Pjifleth hy IVorcejier the chief town of this 
 Shire, and feated on its bank : and re.ally it 
 defer^th admiration, both for its Antiquity 
 
 this Worcefler. 
 
 •and Eor Antoninus mentions it by the 
 
 name of Brmonium, and Ptolemy (in whom* Dr.G.fe 
 by the tranlcriber s negligence it is mifplaced) fettles in at 
 by the name of Branogenium, whence the Bri- 
 tains or Welft call it at this Cair mangon,^,X^i^: • 
 and in the Catalogue of Ninnius it is CallMtonogt 
 Caer Guorangon and Caer Guorcon, (which, al-niam. ' 
 tho deny d by f Mr. Burton as to both, is . 
 confirm d by Aithbiihop Ulher as to Caer Guo-i 
 rangm-, but the fame, * le.arned Primate judges* p'lm c , 
 Caer Guorcon to be eitlier Warwick, or Wroxe- ‘ ’ 
 
 ter in Shroplbire-l Afterwards, the Saxons 
 calld it feogape-ceaj-cep, Fegeopna-ceaj-cep, 
 and Fipe-ceapcep, |1 as fome think from UVire aii perhaps C 
 ^voody foreft adjoybing. fBut that foreft ly- 
 ing near twelve miles from the city, and as 
 much in Shropshire as in this County; fipecepcep 
 muff; be a contraftion of figopa or ^igpa- 
 cej-cep, as it was call’d in the days of the Con- 
 queror and his fons. And Figpacepcep it felf 
 leems to be a contraction of fic-papa-ceytep, 
 i. e. the city^ of the men of PF'iccia ; juft as Can- 
 terbury is of Caiiu-papa-bypig, i. e. the burrough 
 of the men of Kent. The difference in writing 
 Peogopa, Feogopena, peogopna, and figpa- 
 ceyzepi is of no moment; for our Saxon- 
 Anceftors us’d eo and i indifferently, as Be- 
 opbcpal* Bipbcpalb, ^eohyza.n pibjxan ; and 
 fo, Ff 05 °P^> F^SP^’Cej-cep. And 
 
 the difference in termination is as little mate- 
 rial ; for as here we have peogopa and peogo- 
 pena-ceycep, fo in Bede we have Cantpapa and 
 Canepapena bypig. The prefent name IVorce- 
 fiert is either form’d from Wircefter by the 
 change of one vowel, or elfe by contrading 
 and melting the g in peogopceycep. In Latin 
 it is Wigornia. One of the firff who mentions 
 it by that name, if I miftake nor, is Jofeph 
 of Exeter (the mofl elegant Poet of that age, 
 whofe book pafleth under the name of Come-' 
 lius Nepos) in thefe verfes to Baldwin Archbi- 
 fhop of Canterbury : 
 
 In numerum jam crefeit honor, te tertia 
 pofeit 
 
 Infula, jam meminit Wigornia, Cantia 
 difeit, 
 
 Komanus tneditatur apex, & naufraga Petri 
 
 DuBorem in mediU expeBat cymba proceUis. 
 
 Now thy vaft honours with thy virtues 
 grow, 
 
 Now a third mitre waits thy facred brow. 
 
 Deferred MBgorn mourns that thou art 
 gone. 
 
 And Kent*s glad fons tliy happy condud * 
 own. ' 
 
 Now Rome defires thee, Petet wants thy ’ 
 hand 
 
 To guide his leaky veflel fafe to land. 
 
 [This name Wigornia is made like Cantuaria, 
 by foftening the termination after the mode 
 of the Latins. But as to the antiquity of the 
 name, it is obferv’d by otliers, that Florentius, 
 who dy’d above fixty years before Jofeph of 
 
 Exeter, 
 
627 
 
 CO R. NAVI 1. 
 
 628 
 
 Elmley- 
 
 caftle. 
 
 claim’d by the Biftop in Mahem-c/mce ; 
 the Judges who were to decide that contro- 
 verfy, fate in the Chace.l On the other fide 
 Severn, and near the fame diftance from it, 
 Btedon hills. Brcdm hills, tho’ much lefier than tliofc o 
 Abhem, rife with a fort of emulation. Upon 
 thefe, appears a Caftle, which once be- 
 
 long’d to Urfus or Urfi i’Ahm, by whofe daugh- 
 ter and heir Emeline it defcended by inheri- 
 tance to the Beauchamp: At the foot ot thele 
 hills ftands Bredan, a village, touching whole 
 Monaftcry, Offa King of the Mercians faith, 
 
 I of a. King, of the Mercians, mill give thtrp-fve 
 
 acres of trilumry land to the Monaflery mhich ,s 
 call’d Breodun in the Province of the mcaans, 
 and to the Church of St. Peter, Prime of the Apo- 
 ales, in that place-, -which my grandfather tan- 
 wulf built to the glory and praife of the everlmng 
 
 *^°Undcr Eredon hills, to the fouth, \KS lVafh- 
 bor-n, a village or two, which gives the firnarne 
 to an ancient -and eminent family m thwie p- • 
 They lie in a fpot of this County, that is 
 Paml of the quite fever’d from the main body. An 1- 
 Shirs fevered vers other like parcels lie difpers d up ancl 
 from the reft . (he reafoli of which^I know not, mi- 
 
 and home, and Heath-field -, ) a neat tow n, Stated °n ^ 
 a gentle .afeent trom the river. Beng-morth Ca- 
 
 Waftborr. 
 
 ironi Uic rcaioa UL WJIIU.I .X xvwe... . 
 
 of the body. That the Governours ot this 
 
 County in elder times, having eilates ot their 
 own lying near, annex’d them to the County 
 which they govern’d, fit is worthy our ob- 
 fervation, tlmt in fad all thefe 
 parts, except Dudley, were originally Church 
 Unds. Old Barrow environ’d by Warwicklhire, 
 belong’d to EwjJaw-Abbey, and Altkrmtnfter 
 to P^-fhore. All the reft were the lands of the 
 Bifhop and Church of IVorcefler, before the^ di 
 vifion of England into Counties ; and tho le- 
 veral of thefe have been alienated many ages, 
 yet they are ftill in Ofwaldfkm Hundred ; as 
 OiS-tonw is in the Hundred of Elackekhurfl, 
 and Alda-minfler in Perfhore Hnndred ; but the 
 foundation of the laft Abbey is later tlmn the 
 divifion into Shires. As for DuHey, the Ca- 
 ftle ftands in Stap-rdfhire, but the CIrarch aiid 
 Town in this County. Before the Conquelt, 
 Edwin E.arl of Mercia, had both town and ca- 
 file which were given to William FitXe-AujculJi 
 from whom through feveral hands they catne 
 to the Lord Wa-rd, heir of the laft Lord Dud- 
 ley by his mother, who, thereupon alter her 
 deceafe, did alfo enjoy the title of Lord 0»il- 
 ley. It appears that above lour hundred and 
 fifty years ago, the town and caftle were un- 
 der different civil Jurifdiaions, as at prefent, 
 and the Ecclefiaftical Jurifdiaion was iettled 
 by the Pope’s Mandate between the Bilhops 
 of mrcefler and Lichfield, according to the li- 
 + Viie An- mits of the two Counties f- Of thefe difmem 
 ml. Wigorn. ber’d places, one is Bleckley, a Palace of the 
 ad An. 1238. Bilhops of Worcefter, before the Reformation 
 in Angl. ficr. , j., frequently rcfided ; but it 1: 
 
 T. i.p.490. J^ovvquite demolift/d. The Folfe-way runs 
 out of Glocefterlhire, through a village m 
 this Parilh, call’d Dorn ; which, the Country- 
 people have a Tradition, was formerly a City ; 
 and* the many old Foundations that hare been 
 dug-up here, with the abundance of Roman 
 and Britilh Coins commonly found by the 
 husbandmen, and the lines in which tne llreets 
 ran, ftill very difcernible, are all evident marks 
 of its antiquity, and filew that a Colony of 
 the Romans mull h.ave refided here for foroe 
 coniiderable time.1 . . 
 
 A little higher runs the river Awn in its 
 way to Severn : in this County it waters Eove- 
 tham, which the Monkiftl writers tell us, had 
 its name from Ernes, fwineherd to Egwme Bilhop 
 
 * . 1/* 1 “.. H ',4 r ntlr— 
 
 Evetom: fi,am 
 
 ntle r.icent ironi me . ndncry. 
 
 ftle anciently flood at the bridge-toot, as it the 
 
 were in its fuburbs ; which William d Audevllle, year 11,7. 
 
 Abbot, recovering front miliomBeonchzrnp, ut- 
 terly demolish’d, and caus’d lie ' 
 
 fecrated for a Chu-rch-yard. The town is fanious 
 for its.Monaftery, which by 
 
 of King Kertred fon of Wclfer King of th 
 
 Mercians, built about the year 700 : as alio 
 
 for the VuleofEveJham iying about it, V* of 
 
 king its name from the town, which for itSEvefliam. 
 
 fruftfulnefs is Juftly ftil’d the 
 
 parts ; fo liberal is the foil 111 affording the 
 
 beft corn in great abundance. In more an 
 
 dent times, this town was very 
 
 the overthrow of the Barons, and of Simon Mont-, 
 Mou-ntfort Earl of Leicefter, csm EngliJb Cat^ 
 
 He being a perfon ol a very wicked difpofition, 
 
 .and extremely perfidious, taught us by expe- 
 rience the truth ot th.at faying. Favours are 
 efleem’d Obligatio-r.s, -no longer than they M a- 
 
 iled, Fof when King Henry 'hird 1 ad 
 tith a .liberal hand heap d all poffible f.vours 
 upon him, and given him his own fiftei to 
 wife, he had no other returns from him, than 
 the moft implacable hatred. For he raifed a molt 
 dangerous war, and miferably wafted a ^ . 
 part of England under pretence of redrellil^g 
 grievances and alferting its liberties, leaving no 
 method unpraSis’d w'hercby he might depo e 
 the King, and change the Government from • 
 
 Monarchy to an Oligarchy. But after he had 
 profpet’d a while ill his enterprize, he, with 
 many others of his party, fell this place, 
 
 being fubdu’d in a pitch d battel by the va- 
 lour of Prince Edward. And inftaiitly, as tho 
 the fink of mifehiefs had' been ‘1’./ 
 
 come peace, which he had banilh d, did evey 
 where appear. IThis town is an ancient Bo- 
 rough, enjoying many privileges, fome by p 
 feriptton, and Ithers by divers Charters. It 
 was govern’d by two Bailiffs till the third y 
 of King James 'tlie firft who, at the tequeft 
 of Prince Henry, granted them •L'tfW 
 
 giving the chiefMagiftrate the titto of Mgmft 
 
 Ld making the Corporation to confift of feven 
 Aldermen, twelve capital Burgelfes, a lU 
 der, and Chamberlain, who are all of the Com 
 mon-Council; as alfo four and twenty odier 
 Burgeffes call’d Affiftants -. and he extended tl eir 
 iurildialon over the adjoymng parilll ot Beng 
 worth. He likewife granted them more ample 
 privileges, particularly power to "y and cxe- 
 Lte Felons within the Borough. It fads d o 
 two Burgeflhs to Parliament. In )e 
 1597. Sir John Sommers was created a Baron 
 of this Redm, by the title of Lord Sommers,ij„iSom- 
 
 Baron olEvefiam; who befog " 
 traordinary endowments, and 
 of for his great abilities, efpecially in the know- 
 ledge of foe Law ; was chofen, among others 
 
 th7moft eminent Counfdlors of that time o 
 
 plead the Caufe of foe impnfoii d Bilhops in 
 
 the reign of King James the fecond ; and u^n 
 
 the happy Revolution which follow d, he was 
 made FmLffively Solicitor-Generaft Atto^^^^^^ 
 
 General, Lord Keeper, and Lord Chancellor o 
 England : being alfo (befides his extraordina^ry 
 Abilities in thatProfeflion, and an accurate and 
 uncommon knowledge in the moft P°'‘“ 
 of Learning) univerfally efteem d and acknow 
 ledg’d to be the ableft Sa(c/»ia» of this ^ge-l 
 Hard by Evefllam. -npon the fame river, las 
 Charleton, once the eftateofa 7 
 
 family of the Hanfacres, but novv ot the 
 or Dinglies, who, being defcended of an ancien 
 
 , .. ® /• t .'t-. T ntarnfhirfi. CflITie tOtnlS 
 
 its name from Eiroei.fwinehOTd to E^tuiiicBi op f A, Lancajhire, came to this 
 
 of Worcefter (befog alfo formerly call d £«i- [tamily ot tnat nan 
 
^0 Rc ESTERS HI RE. 
 
 6'i6 
 
 ted at f ft ten htde-land ; and tuheu the Malt -uient 
 every MtnUr gave twenty (bUlhgt a: Lmdm for 
 jlamfs to coin with ail. In the year 1113 a ca- 
 lual fire, which confum'd the Caftle, ' burnt 
 the roof of the Church alfo. Durin"- the Ci- 
 vil tvars in King Stephen’s reign, it was fir’d 
 once and again ; but fufler’d moft, when that 
 Anno IS King took the City, which he had unadvi- 
 SKph. Reg. fedly put into the hands of £3^1 q, 
 
 Melent ; but at that time he could not carry 
 the Caftle. flo which we may very well 
 add the plunder thereof by the CromwelUant 
 after Worcefler-fight, Sept. 3, idyi, in which 
 the Army (^confifling moftiy of Scots who en- 
 deavour’d to re-inthrone King Charles the fe- 
 cond) being routed, that Prince was wonder- 
 fully conceal d till he could make his efcape into 
 France.] However, it fliJI rofe up again with 
 * Hath floa- greater beauty, and * flourifh’d under an ex- 
 riflied, C. cellent Government, manag’d by two Bailiffs 
 chofen out of tw’enry-four Citizens, two Al- 
 dermen and two Chamberlains, with a Com- 
 mon-Council conllfting of forty-eight Citizens 
 more. FBut now, by virtue of a Charter of 
 King James the firft, dated Odob. 2. in the 
 ipih yge^j. of this City is govern’d 
 
 by a Mayor and fix Aldermen, who are Ju- 
 ftices of the Peace (thefe Aldermen are chofen 
 out of the twenty-four Capital Citizens,) and 
 a Sheriff^ ufually chofen out of the faid twenty- 
 four ; and likewife a Common-Council confid- 
 ing of 48 other Citizens, out of which num- 
 ber are annually eleded the two Chamberlains. 
 They have alfo a Recorder, a Town-Clerk, 
 two Coroners, &c. The City is a County of 
 it felf^ and is much adorn’d by a capacious 
 and beautiful ftrudure, ereded by the generous 
 Contributions of many Citizens and neigh- 
 Vid. Stat. bouring Gentry for a Publick Workboufe ; in 
 2 Ann, c. 8. which, Children of both fexes are train’d up 
 to the knowledge of I’rade, and (what is of 
 far greater advantage) to the pradice of Reli- 
 gion and Virtue j by whofe labour alfo the aged 
 and decrepitj who cannot work, are fur^orted. 
 For the better management hereof, the Mayor 
 of the City, with divers others, are by Ad 
 of Parliam^t ereded into a Corporation to 
 continue for ever. Oppofite to this, is a fine 
 Hofpital for 1 2 poor men, ereded by Robert 
 Berkley of Spetchley, Efquire ; who by Deed 
 fettled two thoufand pounds for the building, 
 and four thoufand pounds for the endowment 
 thereof.] As to the Geographical account of 
 it, its Longitude from the weft Meridian is 
 2 1 degrees, 5 2 minutes, and hath the north- 
 pole elevated 52 degrees and 12 minutes. 
 
 [Between Worcejler and Speechley^ on a rifing- 
 * ground, is probably the old Ofwald’s~Law j 
 
 4 Concil. which, f Sir Henry Spelman fays, fignifies as 
 T. I. p. 434. much as Lex Ofwaldi, and is the Conftitution 
 that was made for expelling marry d Priefis } 
 and he is follow’d, in that opinion, by other 
 learned men. But it muft be obferv’d, that in 
 ancient writings it is not Ofwaldes laga^ but 
 I'aWj which fignifies a knap or little-hill^ and 
 Edgar’s Charter gives that name to the place 
 vfihere Ofwald’i- Hundred-Court v:as to be kept 5 
 and the whole Hundred took its name from 
 thence. It is very ufual for Hundreds to be 
 denominated from a hillt a. field, a tree, a fione, 
 or a crofs, where the Court is call’d. In this 
 Charter, there is mention of Ulferes luvj and 
 Cuthburges /«W'Hundreds, now fwallow’d up in 
 Oftvald’s law ; and in other Counties, the 
 names of Hundreds often terminate in law, as 
 in Herefordfhire, Radlaw and IVormlaw Hun- 
 dreds. On the rifing-ground before-mention’d, 
 the Hundred-Court is ftill call’d. Another re- 
 
 mam or this Same, was St. St, OAvald’s 
 
 not tar oft, bulk and endow’d by him in 
 
 year p 5 o bur, in the r^ign of ^lecn Eliza- 
 
 Dcth, puIUl down hy ^\\' ^ohn Bourn, Lord of 
 
 the manour ot HjU. Upon the Reftoration, 
 
 the lace excellent Prelate Dr. Fell, with great 
 
 panis and charge, recover’d much of the Pof- 
 
 lelfions, and ereded a fair and large Hofpi-Stat. 1 5 Car.' . 
 
 Cal, wherein twelve poor men are comfortably2. n. 19. 
 
 maintain’d.] 
 
 From IVorcefiey, the river taking its courfeBarons ®f 
 lOuthward, palleth by Powkk, anciently the featPowkk. 
 of John Beauchamp, whom King Henry the 
 fixth r.aiied to die dignity of a Baron ; whofe 
 eftate, loon after, was carry ’d by heirs-female 
 CO the Willoughbies of Broke, the Reads, and 
 the Ligons. 
 
 FBelow Powkk, on the eafterii bank of the 
 Severn, ftands Kenifey, an ancient manour ofKemfcy,; 
 the Bifliops of Wocefier ; where, before the 
 Conqueft, and many Ages after, they had a 
 noble Palace, which hath been long fince dc- 
 molifh’d, fo that the ruins are not difcernible. 
 
 Here are fome remains of afquare camp, withAubr. MS» 
 fingle great rampires. About three miles fouth- 
 wardj is Cromb D^abetot (nam’d from Urfo Cromh 
 D’abetot anciently Lord thereof) the chief feat D’abetot. 
 of the Lord Coventry--, as the adjoyningChurch 
 is ^the burird-place of the family. About two 
 miles on the weft -fide of the Severn, is Great 
 
 Malvern, an Abbey feated at the foot of theMalvera, 
 hill, which was founded by one Aldwin a Her- 
 mit, in the eighteenth year of the Conque- 
 ror’s reign ; .and himfelf, with King Henry his 
 fon, were benetadors to it. 'I'liis houfe w'as 
 of the Benedidine Order, and a Cell belong- 
 ing to Weftminfter-Ab^jcy. A very fair Church 
 is yet remaining, which ferves the Parifli ; but 
 almoft nothing is left to maintain a Minifter. 
 
 Two miles foutli from this, lies Link Little Mai* 
 
 in a difmal cavity of die hill. It was found-vern. 
 ed An. Dom. 1171, by Joceline and Edred, two 
 brothers, w'ho were fuccefiively Priors of the 
 houfe j which was alfo of the Benedictine- 
 Order, and a Cell of the Moiiaftery of TVer- 
 cefier.'] 
 
 From Pow’ick and Kemfey, through rich 
 and fragrant meadows, the river runs by i/Wey, Hanley, 
 formerly a Caftle belonging to the Earls of 
 Glocefier ; and Upton, a noted market-town, Upton, 
 where Roman Coins are frequently dug-up. 
 
 Not far oft’, on the right-hand, Severn hath 
 the profpeftof Malvern hiWs -, hills indeed, or'Makerri 
 rather great and lofty mountains, riling like hills, 
 ftairs one higher than the other, for about 
 feven miles together, and dividing this County 
 trom that of Hereford ; f near which divifion, 
 is a fpring, that hath been long famed forPhil. Tranf. 
 the virtue of healing eyes, and other parts of”* 
 the head ; call’d therefore Eye-well : And be- 
 fides this, two other fprings iflue out of thefe 
 mountains j one call’d i/o/yiaf//, heretofore much 
 reforted to, for curing all fcorbutick humours 
 and external Ulcers, by bathing, and drinking 
 of the waters j the other, famous for curing 
 of accidental Turriours, and outward Sores.l 
 On the top of thefe hills, Gilbert de Clare Earl 
 of Glocefier did anciently caft-up a ditch all 
 along, to part his lands from rhofe of the 
 Church of Worcefier, fas is faid by fome;] 
 which ditch is ftill to be feen, and is very 
 much admir’d. TBut others have obferv’d, 
 chat this muft be meant of the Church of He- 
 reford, and not of JWorceJier. For the Church 
 of Hereford hath feveral maiiours on the vveft- 
 fide Malvem-hiSs, and * there was a famous * Angl. Sacr. 
 quarrel betvveen fhomas de CantHiipe Bifhop of Annal. ^^ 2 * 
 ■Hereford, and this Earl, touching feme lands a""- 
 K k k k chaim’dP* ^ 
 
628 
 
 627 
 
 CO RNJVll. 
 
 ' ■ ■ I ' ’ j rr . I £ t j \ n n*->'ir tow Tcs-tctl on"! he book of 
 
 claimM by the B.Ihop in iff ’the fiver. Beng^orth Ca-E-<J™Mo, 
 
 Elmley- 
 
 caftle. 
 
 Waftborn, 
 
 the Judges who were to decide that contro- 
 verfy, fate in the Chace.l On the other fide 
 SeveYTii and near the fame diftance from it, 
 Bredon hills. Bredon hills, tho* much Idler than thofe of 
 I^Ial’oerUy rife with a fort of emulation. Upon 
 thefe, appears Elmley, a Caflle, W’hich once be 
 long’d to Urfus or Urfo d'Ahtot, by whofe daugh- 
 ter and heir Emelint it defeended by inheri- 
 tance to the Beaucha?npsi At the foot of thefe 
 hills hands Bredon^ a village, touching whofe 
 Monaftery, Offa King of the Mercians faith, 
 
 I Offa^ King of the Mercians, ivill gi'fe thirty-five 
 acres of tributary land to the Monaftery which is 
 called Breodun in the Prcruince of the Wiccians, 
 and to the Church of St. Peter, Prince of the Apo- 
 ftles, in that place ; which my grandfather Ean- 
 ■wulf built to the glory and praife of the everliving 
 God. . 
 
 Under Bredon hills, to the fouth, lies TVajh- 
 born, a village or two, which gives the firname 
 to an ancient -and eminent family in thefe parts. 
 They lie in a fpot of this County, that is 
 parcel of the quite fever’d from the rnain body. And di- 
 Shire fevered yers other like parcels lie difpers’d up and 
 from the reft reafon of which I know not, un- 
 
 of the body. Goveniours of this 
 
 County in elder times, having eftates of their 
 own lying near, annex’d them to the County 
 w'hich they govern’d, fit is worthy our ob- 
 fervation, tliat in fad all thefe difmember d 
 parts, except Dudley, were originally Church- 
 lands. Old Barrow environ’d by Warwickfhire, 
 belong’d to Evefioam-Abhey, <and Alderminfter 
 to Perjbore. All the reft were the lands of the 
 Bifhop and Church o( dVorcefter, before the^di- 
 vifion of England into Counties ; and tho’ fe- 
 veral of thefe have been alienated many ages, 
 yet they are ftill in Ofwaldflow Hundred ; as 
 Olb-barrow is in the Hundred of BlackekhurB, 
 and Alderminfter in Perjhore Hnndred ; but the 
 foundation of the laft Abbey is later than the 
 divifton into Shires. As (or Dudley, the Ca- 
 ftle ftands in Staffordjhire, but the Church and 
 Town ill this County. Before the Conqueft, 
 Edwin Earl of Mercia, had both town and ca- 
 ftle, w hich w ere given to William Fitz,~Aufculj, 
 from whom through feveral hands they came 
 to the Lord Ward, heir of the laft Lord Dud- 
 ley by his mother, W'ho, thereupon, after her 
 deceafe, did alfo enjoy the title of Lord Dud- 
 ley. It appears that above four hundred and 
 fifty years ago, the town and caftle were un- 
 der different civil Jurifdictions, as at prefent, 
 and the Eccleftaftical Jurifdidtion was fettled 
 by the Pope’s Mandate between the Bifhops 
 of Worcefter and Lichfield, according to the li- 
 t Vide An- mits of the two Counties f. Of thefe difmem- 
 ral, Wigorn, ber’d places, Blockley, a Palace of the 
 
 ad An. 1238, Bifliops of Worcefter, before the Reformation, 
 T '490^' ''here they alfo frequently refided j but it is 
 now quite demolifti d. The Fofle-way runs 
 out of Glocefterfhire, through a village in 
 this Parifh, call’d Dorn ; which, the Country- 
 people have a Tradition, was formerly a City j 
 and the many old Foundations that have been 
 dug-up here, with the abundance of Roman 
 and Britifli Coins commonly found by the 
 husbandmen, and the lines In which the ftreets 
 ran, ftill very difcernible, are all evident marks 
 of its antiquity, and fliev/ that a Colony of 
 the Romans muft have refided here for fome 
 confiderable time.1 
 
 A little higher runs the river Avon in its 
 way to Severn : in this County it waters Eove- 
 Jham, which the Monkifli w riters tell us, had 
 its name (romEoves, fwineherd to Egwine Bifhop 
 
 £ve/hanu 
 
 me, and Heath-field i )ti neat EvelhamMo- 
 
 a. gentle afeent from the river. Bengworth 
 
 ftle anciently ftood at the bridge-foot, as it ^bout 
 werein its fuburbs ; m/AA William d Audevllle,y„r 1157. 
 Aih», reemering from William Beauchamp, ut 
 terly demolish’d, and caus'd the ground to be co,i- 
 fecrated fij aXhurch-yard. The town is famous 
 for its.Monallcr)', which Egwine, by the help 
 
 of King Keltred fon of JVolfer King of the 
 Mercians, built about the year 700 ; as alio 
 for the Vale of Evejham lymg about it, and ta- 
 
 king its name from the town, which for itSEvelham. 
 fruitfulnefs is juflly ftil'd the Granary of thefe 
 parts ; fo liberal is the foil in aftordmg the 
 bell corn in great abundance. In more an- 
 cient times, this town was very famous tor 
 the overthrow of the Barons, and of oiwo»simon Mont-. 
 Moimtfort Earl o( Leicefiter, om Englift Camlinc.fon. 
 
 He being a perfon of a very wicked difpofiaon, 
 and extremely perfidious, taught us by expe- 
 rience the truth of that faying. Favours are 
 efleenid Obligations, no longer than they can be re- 
 quited. For w'heti King Henry the third had 
 with a liberal hand heap’d all pofiible favours 
 upon him, and given him his own fifter to 
 wife, he had no other returns from him, than 
 the moft implacable hatred. For he railed a moft 
 dangerous w'ar, and miferably wafted a great 
 part of England under pretence of redrefiing 
 grievances and afierting its liberties, leaving no 
 method unpraftis’d wEereby he might depofe 
 the King, and change the Government from a 
 Monarchy to an Oligarchy. But after he had 
 profper’d a while in his enterprize, he, with 
 many others of his party, fell in this place, 
 being fubdu’d in a pitch’d battel by the va- 
 lour of Prince Edward. Andinftantly, as tho 
 the fink of mifehiefs had' been cleans’d, a wel- 
 come peace, wEich he had banlfli d, did every 
 where appear. TThis town is an ancient Bo- 
 rough, enj‘oying many privileges, fome by pr^ 
 feription, and others by divers Charters. It 
 was govern’d by two Bailiffs till the third year 
 of King James the firft, who, at the requeft 
 of Prince Henry, granted them a new Charter, 
 giving the chief Magiftrate the title of Mayor, 
 and making the Corporation to confift offeven 
 Aldermen, twelve capital Burgeffes, a Recor- 
 der, and Chamberlain, W'ho are all of the Com- 
 mon-Council j as alfo four and twenty other 
 Burgeffes call’d AJfifiants : and he extended their 
 juriidiftion over the adjoyning parifli of Beng- 
 worth. He likewife granted them more ample 
 privileges, particularly power to try and exe- 
 cute Felons within the Borough. It fends alfo 
 two Burgeffes to Parliament. In the year 
 i6p7, Sir fohn Sommers w'as created a Baron 
 of this Realm, by the title of Lord Lord Som- 
 
 Barow o( Evefiham', who being a perfon of ex- mers Baron 
 tr.aordInary endowments, and early taken notice Eve a 
 
 of for his great abilities, efpecially in the know- 
 ledge of the Law ; was chofen, among others 
 the moft eminent Counfellors of that time, to 
 plead the Caufe of the imprifon’d .Bifhops in 
 the reign of King James the fecond ; and, upon 
 the happy Revolution which follow’d, he was 
 made fucceflively Solicitor-General, Attorney- 
 General, Lord Keeper, and Lord Chancellor of 
 England : being alfo (befides his extraordinary 
 Abilities in that Profeflion, and an accurate and 
 uncommon knowledge in the moft polite parts 
 of Learning) univerfally efteem’d and acknow- 
 ledg’d to be the ableft Statefman of this age.l 
 Hard by Evefliam, upon the fame river, lies 
 Charleton, once the eftate of a famous knightly Cinrleton, 
 family of the Hanfacres, but now of the Dinlies 
 or Dinglies, who, being defeended of an ancient 
 
 itsnamerromAswfj', iwineherd toii^uvHe hJiihop or DingUes, who, Deing aeicenaea 
 of Worcefter (being alfo formerly call’d Eath- family of that name in Lancajhire, came to this 
 
 by 
 
630 
 
 <529 
 
 WORC EST ERSRIRE. 
 
 Abbertorj 
 
 piadbury. 
 
 Pcribore. 
 
 by inheritance. TNot far from hence, below 
 Fladburyy a fmall Ilream runs into the Avon j 
 at the head of which is Ahbermi where are 
 wells that yield a water bitter and purging, 
 little inferior in virtue to thofe of Epfom, if 
 not equal to them. This, before the diflblu- 
 tion, was p.art of the pofleflions of the Abbey 
 ofPerfhore, and afterwards became the inhe- 
 ritance of an ancient family, the Sheldons.~\ A 
 little below Charltorif in the primitive times of 
 our Englifh Church, there was another Reli- 
 gious houfe, then call’d Fleobanbypig, now Flai- 
 hury rbefore-mention’d 1 i and near this, Per- 
 fiore, in Saxon Pepipcojian, nam’d from the 
 Pear-trees ; which, as that excellent Hiftorian 
 of Malmesbury informs us, Egelward, 
 Duke oj Dorfet, a man of a generous fpirit, and 
 vsbolly devoted to piotis munificence^ built and finifio’d 
 in King Edgar s time. But alas, what va(i lojfes 
 hath it fince fufiaind ! part, the ambition of great 
 men hath feix!d, part is forgotten and lofi ; and a 
 very configurable part of its pojfejfions. King Edward 
 and IVilltam befiovf d on Wefiminfier. fNear this, 
 Alesborough. is Alesborough, from which place the Earls of 
 Coventry take the honourable title of Baron ; ' 
 being firft bellow’d by King Charles the firfl 
 upon Sir Thomas Coventry Lord Keeper of the 
 Great Seal of England.l From Perlhore, the 
 Avon runs fmoothly down by Strenfham a feat 
 of the Rujfels, an ancient family of the degree 
 of Knights ; fnow extinct by the death of Sir 
 Franck Rujfel Baronet, a perfon of great worth 
 and honour, w'ho built here an Hofpital for fix 
 poor widows, with a plentiful endow ment j and 
 whofe furviving Lady fince fettled a Charity- 
 fchool for poor Children to be taught to read 
 audwork.! The Avon, fhaving pafs’d by this 
 place, at feme diflance! difehargeth its waters 
 into Severn. 
 
 Hereabouts, in the fouth-part of the Shire, 
 lies Ofwalds-law-hundred, fo call’d from Ofwald 
 ofWorcefter, who obtain’d it of Edgar ; 
 the immunities whereof are thus regifier’d in 
 the Survey of England, which William the 
 Conqueror made j The Church of St. Mary in 
 Wircefter hath a Hundred called Ofvsalds-low, in 
 which lie three hundred Hide-land, where the Bijhop 
 of this Church hath by very long prefeription all the 
 
 hondred. 
 See before, 
 p.625. 
 
 foqtf^ps of the name in Aufrk, a village in 
 this County bordering on Heretbrdfiiire, which 
 (as he expounds Henry of Huntingdon} lies 
 in the confines of the XVkcians and the Wefl-Saxons. 
 
 The name^ of this village, he fuppofes, may be 
 a contracliOii of Auprinej* pic, i, e. Auftin’s ter- 
 utory. But to omit fome other material obje- 
 blions, it is certain that the vulgar maps de- 
 ceiv d that learned Knight, which are falfe 
 printed, and fiiould be Auljrkk ', which name 
 at its full length in old writings is Alfredes- 
 wk : but it is his own mifiake, to make Here- 
 fordfijire a province of the IVeft-Saxons. Others 
 have conjeclur d, that Auflins-Oak may have 
 been in a Parifia call’d corruptly the Rock ; but, 
 doubtlefs, by our Saxon Anceflors jjxpe ac, 
 and in Latin Aka. Now this parilh lies in 
 that part of the Shire, which is moft remote 
 from the Weft-Sftxon kingdom, bordering on 
 Shropfiiire. All the light we have< is from 
 Bede, who is the only writer within four hun- 
 dred years of the time, that mentions this 
 congrefs. He fays, it was in the confines of the 
 Wiccians and Wefi-Saxons. He doth not fay 
 it was in HAccia, much lefs that'it was in that 
 part of the Province which is now call’d IVor- 
 cefierfhire j but that it was in the confines of 
 the IVefi-Saxons, upon W'hom TVorcejhrJhire doth 
 not border any where. So that admitting this 
 Oak to be in Hwkeia, it mufl needs have flood 
 in that part of Gloceflerfhire w'hich bounds the 
 Counties of Wilts and Somerfet, Provinces of 
 the Wefl-Saxon Kingdom. 
 
 Now, we will give a particular view of the 
 wefl-fide of this County. The river Tew??, in Xeme.; 
 Latin Temedus, waters the north-wefl part of 
 this Shire, taking its courfe into the Severn 
 through rich meadows ; and the foil on both 
 fides produceth excellent Syder, and Hops in 
 great abundance. On the e^e of Shropfhire, 
 the river gives its name to Temebury, a finall, Xemebury. 
 but well-frequented market-town. This town, 
 with mofl of the Lands between Teme and 
 Herefordjhire, were held by Robert Fitzi-Rkhard, 
 
 Lord of Rkards-Cajile, whofe fon Hugh mar- 
 rying Eufiachia de Say a great heirefs, the iflue 
 of that match took the firname of Say. Thefe 
 Lands, by Margery an heir-female, came to Ro- 
 
 fervkes and cujiomary duties pertaining to the Lord s\bert Mortimer about King jlohns time; and 
 Pourveyance, the King’s fervke, and his own : fo the illue-male of the family ot Mortimers 
 
 that no Sheriff may hold a Court there, in any plea 
 or other caufe whatfoever. This is attefied by the 
 whole County. TBut it is more truly obferv d 
 by others, that this Hundred is not one con- 
 tinu’d trad of ground, but confifls of Town- 
 fhips fcatter’d in all parts of the County, 
 where the Bifhop or Moiiaftery of JVorcefter 
 had lands, at the time when King Edgar grant- 
 ed that Charter to Ofwald. This is evident to 
 any perfon who obferves the places namdiii 
 that Charter, as it is printed in \\ Spelman’s 
 Councils, and in the * Monafitcon Angikanum. 
 It is efleem’d a full third part of the County, 
 but at this day doth not enjoy a third part ot 
 that Hundred.l ■ , ■ 
 
 There is a place fome-where m this Coun- 
 ty but not certainly known, call’d AufaU- 
 rtincr-ac, i. e. Av.guflines-Oak, at which Au- 
 AuIlm-s.Oak;r 1 the Apoftle of the Engllfll, and the 
 
 Britilll Bilhops, met; and, having for tome 
 time difputed about the keeping of Ea ter, 
 and preaching God’s word to the Englift, 
 
 and Lminillering the Sacrament of Baptifm 
 after the rites of the Church of Rome , in 
 conclufion, both fides went away ^ 
 
 rSome conjeflures have been oftra d at the pre 
 eife place. Sir Benry Salman thinks, there are 
 
 II Vol. I, 
 P- 4.33- 
 * Vol. I 
 p.140. 
 
 the patrimony was divided betwen two daughr 
 ters ; the elder of which being marry’d to Gecffry 
 Cornwall, part of it continues in the hands of 
 their poilerity, but the rell hath often chang’d 
 its Lords. 
 
 About feven miles below Temebury, the river 
 pafleth under Woodbery-hiU, remarkable for an Woodbery* 
 old entrenchment on the top, vulgarly call’d hill. 
 
 Owen Glendowrs Camp ; which notwithfianding 
 is probably of greater antiquity. Hence runs 
 a continu’d ridge of hills from Teme almoft 
 to Seijem', and it feemsto have been the boun- 
 dary of the Wiedan Province. At the foot of 
 Woodbery-hiU, Rixn&S Great-Wttley, where is a Great Wit- 
 fair new-built houfe, the chief feat of the ley. 
 
 Foleys, who bought it of the Rujfels, to whom 
 it came about King Henry the fevtnth’s time 
 by marriage with one of the coheirs of Cajfy, 
 
 . who had marry’d the heir-general of the CoAe- 
 fayes, its more ancient Lords. Under the weft- 
 fide of Woodhery-hill, lies Sheljley-Beauchamp, 
 and over-againll it Shelfiey Walfh, where dwelt sheincy 
 Sir Richard Walfh the famous Sheriff of thisWalfli. 
 County at the time of the Powder-plot, who 
 purfu’d the traitors into Stafordfidre, and took 
 them there. On the fouth-eaft fide of the 
 hill (now, all together, call’d Abberly-hill,} 
 
 and 
 
631 
 
 CO RNAV 1 1. 
 
 632 
 
 Ablerky. 
 
 Hanimc- 
 
 caftle. 
 
 Coderidge. 
 
 Leigh. 
 
 Earls of Wor' 
 
 cefler. 
 
 JJ'Ahot. 
 
 Robert de 
 Monte. 
 
 and near the top of it, very loftily ftands Ah- 
 berley-lodge, the feat of another branch of the 
 ancient family of the Wallhes, defcended from 
 Sir Henry le WaUh Knight, in the time of 
 Henry the third ; to the name of which branch, 
 William Walfh Efquire, a perfqn of excellent 
 Parts and Abilities, put a period, by dying 
 unmarry’d, and leaving only fillers. 
 
 A little lower, flood Hamme^cafile and now 
 in the place of it a fair feat, which ^ the an- 
 cient family of the Jeffereys have enjoy'd a^ut 
 two hundred years. Hence, by Martley, Teme 
 pafleth under Coderidgey a manour of the Berk- 
 leysy formerly of the Aflons, and in more an- 
 cient times belonging to the Mortimers and 
 Says. On the oppofite bank. Hands Leigh, a 
 manour of the Vifeount of Hereford ; whence 
 the river, hafling to Powick, falls into the Se- 
 vern.'] n 
 
 This County, after the Norman Conquclt, 
 ‘had for its Sheriff U>fo d'Abtot, to whom and 
 his heirs King William the firfl gave large 
 poffeffions, together with that honour. _ Koger 
 his fon fucceeded him, who (as William oj 
 Malmesbury reports) enjoy’d his father’s pojfejfms ; 
 but vsexs di'uefled of them, by fading under the hea- 
 difpleafure of King Henry the firft, becauje in 
 a furious pa[fm he had commanded one fj Jhe 
 Kings officers to be put to death. But this dig- 
 nity of Sheriff, by Emeline Sifter to this Roger 
 defcended to the family of the Beauchamps , 
 for (he was marry ’d to Walter de Beauchamp, 
 whom King Stephen made Conftable of England 
 when he difplac'd Miles Earl of Glocefier. In 
 a few years after, King Stephen made Wall^an 
 Earl of Mellent, brother to Robert Bojfu Earl 
 of Leicefier, the firft Earl of Worcefter, and 
 gave him the City of Worcefter j which 
 leran became a Monk, and dy’d at Preaux in 
 Normandy in the year 1166. His fon Robert, 
 who marry'd the daughter of Reginald Etsrl oi 
 Cormall, and fet up the ftandard of Rebellion 
 againft Henry the fecond, and Peter the fon 
 of Robert who revolted to the French in 1203, 
 ufed only the title of Earl of Mellent (as far 
 as I have obferv’d,) and not of Worcefier. For 
 King Henry the fecond, who fucceeded Ste- 
 phen, did not eafily fufler any to enjoy thole 
 honours under him, which they had receiv d 
 from his enemy. TOn the contrary,! as the 
 Annals of the Monaftery of Waverley have it, 
 he depos'd the titular and pretended Earls, among 
 •whom King Stephen had indifcreetly diHributed all 
 the Revenues of the Crovsn. After this, till the 
 time of King Richard the fecond, I know 
 of none who bore the title of Earl of Wor- 
 cefter. He eonfer’d it upon ‘Thomae Percy; 
 who being flain in the Civil wars by Henry 
 the fourth, Richard Beauchamp, defcended from 
 the Abtots, receiv’d this honour from King 
 Henry the fifth. After him, who dy’d with- 
 out heirs-maie, John ‘Tiptoft, Lord Lieutenant 
 
 of Ireland, w'as created Earl of Worcefier by 
 King Henry the lixth. And he, prefently af- 
 ter, Tiding with Edward the fourth, and ac- 
 commodating himfelf with a blind obedience 
 to the humour of that Prince, became the 
 Executioner of his vengeance, till he in like 
 manner loft his own head w hen Henry the fixth 
 was reftor'd. But King Edward having re- 
 cover’d the Crown, reftor’d Edvyard his fon 
 |to all again. He dy’d without iflue, and the 
 leftate was divided among the lifters of that 
 John Tiptoft who was Earl of Worcefter. Orlg. 1 H. 7. 
 Which lifters were marry ’d to the Lord Aoo;,R. 
 
 Lord Dudley, and Edmund Ingoldflhorp ; where- 
 upon Charles Somerfet, natural fon of Henry Duke 
 of Somerfet, W’as honour’d with that title by 
 King Henry the eighth, to whom, in a diretft 
 line, have fucceeded Henry, William, and Ed- 
 ward, * who, among his other virtuous and no-* who is 
 ble qualities, f w.a~s defervedly honour’d, as a now Imng, 
 great Patron of learning. [He dying, was and— U 
 fucceeded by Henry his fon, who was created' * 
 Marquifs of Worcefier by King Charles the firft. 
 
 This honour was, after him, enjoy’d by Ed- 
 ward his fon, and by Henry his grandfon i who 
 was created Duke ot Beaufon by King Charles 
 the fecond, and {Charles his fen, \yho was ftd’d 
 Marquifs of Worcefter, a perfon of great accom- 
 plifhments, ’ dying in his Father’s life-time,) 
 this title, with the other Honours, did next 
 defeend to Henry, eldeft fon of Charles afore- 
 laid ; and, by his death, to Henry his eldeft 
 fon, the prefent Duke.l 
 
 ‘This County hath 152 Parifhes. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Worce- 
 fterlhire. 
 
 Colchicum vulgare feu Anglicum purpureum 
 & album, Ger. Park. Common meadozv-Saffiron. I 
 obferv’d it growing moft plentifully in the meadows 
 ' of this County. 
 
 Cynogloftum folio virenti J. B. Cynoglol- 
 fum minus folio virente Ger. Temper vireiis 
 C.B. Park. The lejfer green-leavd Hoimds-tongue. 
 It hath been objerv d in fome fhady lanes near Wor- 
 cefier by Mr. Pitts an Apothecary and Alderman of 
 
 that City. _ . r r n 
 
 Sorbus pyriformis D. Pitts : which I fujpeci to 
 ‘ be no other than the Sorbus fatiya C. B. legitima 
 ' Park. That is^ the true or manur’d Service or Sorb- 
 tree. Found by the faid Mr. Pitts in a forefi of 
 this County. ^ m ■ - 
 
 • Triticum majus glurn^ foliacea feu Tnticum 
 Polonicum D. Bobe.'t. . An Trit. fpeciofum grano 
 oblongo y. B ? Polohian Wheat. It is found in 
 the fields in this County ; and, as Dr. Plot tells ns, 
 in Staffirdffitre alfo. 
 
 STAF- 
 

STAFFORDSHIRE. 
 
 H E third part of that Coun- 
 
 try which was inhabited by 
 ; the Cornaviit and is now call- 
 ed Stafordfiirey in Saxon 6“^- 
 pop6-j*cype (the people where- 
 of, as living in the heart of 
 . , England, are call’d in Bede 
 
 Angli Medi- Medttenanei, ) is bounded on the eaft by 
 terranei. IVarwukfhire and Derbyjhirey on the fouth bv 
 the County of Worceflery and on the weft by 
 Sbropjhire. It lies, Irom fouth to north, almoft 
 in the form of a Rhombmy being broad in the 
 middle, but narrow and contrafted toward the 
 f r north part is mountainous, and 
 
 Ids rertue ; but the middle, which is water’d 
 by the Trent, is fruitful, and woody ; and is 
 render’d pleafant, by an equal mixture of ara- 
 ble and meadow grounds: fo is alfo the fouth, 
 Iron. which has much pit-coal and mines of Iron j 
 but whether to their lois or advantage, the 
 natives chemfelves are the beft Judges and to 
 them I refer it. 
 
 TAs this County hath the advantage of two 
 ancient w^ays running through it, which have 
 fecur’d to us conliderable remains of Roman 
 Antiquity ; fo is it remarkable for feveral en- 
 gagements and revolutions relating to the Saxon 
 and Danifli times. For Britifh Antiquities, k 
 is not altogether fo conliderable j though there 
 want not fome fmall footfteps of that People 
 too, w'hom the difeoveries of fuch Weapons 
 as we know they formerly us’d, have pointed 
 our to us.l 
 
 who built a Monaftery in the Town, which 
 
 In the fouth part next to JVorceflerfbirey ftands, 
 DudleyCa- Dudley-Caftle, built by Dudo or Dodo, a 
 file. Saxon, about the year 700, and fo call’d from 
 
 him. In William the firft’s time (as it is in 
 his Survey) it belong’d to William the fon of 
 Aufculpbm ; afterwards it came to fthe Paga- 
 nelsj of which Family Gervafe Paganel founded 
 a Priory here : then, by an heirefs, tol thofe of 
 Somery i and at laft to Sir Richard Sutton Kt, 
 by marrying an heirefs of the Sorne)-ies y fwho 
 was defeended from the Smtons of Nottingham- 
 fiirey aiid1 whofe pofterity, call’d from that time 
 Barons of Dudley, grew up to a very honou- 
 rable family. [Afterwards, the Dudleys were 
 poflelfed of it, from whom it pafs’d, by the 
 daughter and heir of Sir Ferdinando Dudley (fon 
 and heir of the laft Lord Dudley) to Humble 
 Lord Ward of RirmkhamP^ 
 
 After this, the places memorable in this 
 Chellington. are Chellington, a very fine feat, and the 
 
 manour of that ancient and famous family 
 The GifTards. Gifards. It was given to Peter Giffard, in the 
 ’reign of Henry the fecond, by Peter Corbuebin, to 
 whom alfo Richard Strongbavjy who conquer’d 
 Ireland, gave Tachmelin and other Lands in 
 Pattingham. Country, \Pattingham, where, in the year 
 Dr. Leigh,' ijoo. was found a large and ponderous Toriyww 
 p. 64. Of the of fine gold ; the weight, tJiree pounds and 
 ^ ounces ; tlie length, about two foot ; cu- 
 ^’rioufly twifted and writhen, with two Hooks, 
 at each end, cut eaven but not twifted. The 
 metal fine and very bright j and fo flexible, 
 that it would wrap round the hat or arm, and 
 eafily extend again to its ow'n fhape, which 
 rcTembled the bow of a Kettle.1 Fulfrunes-hamp- 
 totty fo call’d from Vulfruna, a very pious woman. 
 
 before liad the name of Hampton i and hence, for 
 Huljrunes-bampton, it is corruptly call’d Wbher- Woker. 
 bampton j and is chiefly remarkable for the Hampton. 
 College there, annex’d to the Dean and Preben- 
 daries of Windfor. PThe Town had, by King 
 Henry the third, a Fair granted to it upon the 
 eve and day of St. Peter and St. Paul i and 
 likewife a Market weekly on Wednefdays. Here 
 IS a Free-fehool, founded by Sir Stephen Jen- 
 ningsy fometime Lord Mayor of London.! T/jra-Xheoten-hall. 
 ten-bally that is to fay, a houfe of Pagans for, 
 as others interpret it^ the Hall or Palace of the 
 Lords'] now called ’Tetnall, where many of tlie 
 Danes were cut oft' in the year pii. by Ed- 
 ward the Elder. [ Wrottefley, * eminent for * Hift. of 
 the remains of fome Britijh or other Antiquity, Staff, p. 394, 
 whether Fortification or City. My Author 
 inclin^ to the latter, becaufe of the feveral 
 partitions, like Streets, running divers ways, 
 which are within the limits of it j as alfo the 
 large hinges which have been found liere, and 
 fome of the Stones fquar’d. The whole con- 
 tains, in circuit, about three or four miles ; and 
 (^a) Stones of a vaft bignefs have been found 
 hereabouts. Seafdon is on the edge of Seafdon ' 
 
 linear which, at a place call’d or Ape-\\u. 
 
 ■wQod-ca/ile, is an ancient forcifleation, ftandiiig 
 on a lofty round promontory, w'itli a fteep 
 ridge for a mile together ^ having hollows cut 
 in the ground, over which it is fuppofed that 
 they anciently fet their tents. 'I'he hills at 
 each end, which feem to have been the Joafti- 
 ons, make it probable, th.at the whole has been 
 one continu’d fortification. Whether it be Ro- 
 man or Britifh, is not fo e.afily determin’d j 
 only, we know of no fignal a<ftion hereabouts ; 
 which makes it more probable that it-is Britilli, 
 becaufe if it had been Roman, their Hiftories 
 might perhaps have left us fome account of it. 
 
 And Tacitus makes it pretty plain, that the^nnal.! 12. 
 Britains fortified as well with earth caft up, asc.31. ’ ' 
 with ftones, when he tells us, that the Jeeni 
 chofe a place feptum agrefli aggere ; which does 
 moft probably fignifie a bank of earth. 
 
 Toward the fouth-eaft from hence, is King’s Swin- 
 Swinford'y ill which parifli, upon A/I^wood-beathfocd. 
 
 is a large Entrenchment, meafuring about 
 140 paces over, which, notwithftanding its 
 diftance from the Way, is in the opinion of Dr. 
 
 Plot, really Roman, i. e. a tent or cafirametati- 
 on; made at that diftance, on account of their 
 being drawn off from their ways and ordinary 
 quarters, to skirmifli with the enemy as occa- 
 fion might require, In this parifti likewife, 
 at Barrow-hill, arc two uniform Barrows or 7 «- Barrow lull. 
 muli, all rock ; which, notwithftanding, the fame 
 learned perfoii thinks to havebeeii at firft, 
 and turn’d into ftone by fubterraneal hear^. At 
 the utmoft fouth-borders of this County, lies 
 Clent, famous for the deatli of S. Kenelm, who Clent, 
 was flajn at feven years of age by the contri- 
 vance of his filler Quendred. Not far from 
 whence, is Kinfare ; where is art old fortifica- Kinfarc. 
 tion of an oblong fquare, about three hundred 
 yards long, and two hundred over. The name 
 will anfwcr either a Danifh or Saxon original ; 
 fo that it will not be fafe to conclude upon 
 either, barely from that ; and the fignification 
 
 ^ ^ r.r theCe made one hundred loads ; another, after ten loads hew’n off, required thirty fix yoke of 
 niti ?o draw it .and made a great Ciftern in a Mault-houfe here at iVrotteJUy, which, though left very thick 
 Sth at bottom aid lidos, wets thirty feyen flrikes 
 
CORN AVI I. 
 
 635 
 
 Ba/Tet. 
 
 does not imply, that any one v/as kill d there. 
 For Fane, though it fignifics a gmng (an expe- 
 dition, or journey;) yet it never dittos 
 into another world. I fliould rather believe, 
 that fome King in his laarch h.id Hop d there, 
 or made that his head-quarters, and lo deriv d 
 Weddesbor- name to it.l Weadesburgy now IVeddswr-- 
 rowf was heretofore fortified by ^thelfleda Oo- 
 Walfall. vernefs of the Mercians; and IValjaU is none 
 of the meaneft Market-towns. _ 
 
 Tajne riv Near this, lies the courfe of the river Tamey 
 ’ * which rifing not far oft', mns tor fome miles 
 
 on the eaft-fide of this County toward the 
 ’Trent, paffing, at fome fmall diftance, by Drai- 
 tm Bajfety the feat of the Baffets, who are 
 defeended from one T-urfiin Lord ot this place 
 in the reign of Henry the firll, and are growm 
 up into a numerous and eminent Family, for 
 this is the ftock, from which the Baflets o 
 IVelleden, IViccomby Sapeott, Chedk» and others oi 
 them, were propagated. But of thefe Ballets o 
 amiton, Ralph was the hft, a very eminent 
 Baron, who marry’d the filler of John Mmtprt 
 Duke of Bretagne, and died without iflue in 
 the reign of Richard the fecond. 
 
 TGoing to IVatlingjirecty we meet with 5 
 near which place, is a large Romati^ Tuniulusi 
 now (like thofe at Baymv'hill) turn d in^ a 
 hard rock. There are alfo other Roman Bar- 
 rows upon this Street j one at Catts-hilly and 
 t^yo on Calves-heatb, and another near Great 
 SardenA ^ , 
 
 From Draiton-Bajj'eti the Tame paiTing thro 
 Falkelley. bridge at Falkefleyy over which an ancient 
 Tamworth. Roman-way liw, runs by Tammrthy in Saxon 
 I'amayeop^, fby the Saxon Annals Taman- 
 peopSi^e, andl in Marianus, Tamawordina ; fo 
 lituated between the borders of the two Shires, 
 that one part of it, which formerly belong’d to 
 the Marmionsy is in Warwickfhire ; the other- 
 
 Hynts. 
 
 pleat harnels into the King’s Hall, and in a 
 
 fet form challenge any man to duel, that would 
 
 dare to oppofe the King’s Title. And this is 
 
 certain from the Publick Records, that Alexr 
 
 ander Frevilly in the reign of Edward the third, Inq. 2 Ed. 3. 
 
 held this fame Cafile by that kind of fervice. 
 
 Yet the Frevilhy at the Coronation of Richard 
 'the fecond, loft this honour, which went by 
 marriage to the family of Dimock in Lincoln- 
 fhire. 
 
 FA little farther towards the north, lies 
 Elford, where is a Roman Tumnlmy the de- Elford. 
 feription of which, after a carious examinati- 
 on, Dr. Blot has given us. Level with the fur- 
 face of the ground about it, is a moift blackifli 
 fort of earth without any mixture of gravel 
 or ftones, about two yards diameter, and a 
 foot and half deep in the middle, lying niuch 
 in the fame form with the Tumulm it felf ; on 
 the edge whereof, the fame Author obferv’d 
 afhes and charcoal in their true colours, and 
 feveral pieces of bones in the middle ot it, fo 
 friable, that they would crumble betwixt the 
 fingers. Which plainly proves it to be Ro- 
 man ; unlefs (which does not appear) the Sax- 
 tons alfo or Danes may be fuppofed to have 
 burnt their dead bodies.*! 
 
 But to return : At the bridge of Falkejley al- 
 ready mention’d, that militr.ry Roman-way, Watling- 
 which I have often had, and hereafter fhajl 
 have, occafion to take notice of, enters this 
 County ; and, croffing it alinoft in a ftreighc 
 line, runs weftward into Shropfhire. I furvey d 
 it very accurately, in hopes of finding JEfoce- Etocemm. 
 mtiy which Antoninus makes the next Station 
 after Manveffedutn : and by good luck I have 
 at laft found it ; and muft ingenuouQy own 
 my felf to have been in an error_ heretofore. 
 
 For at that diftance which Antoninus makes 
 between Manvejfedum and Etocetumy I happen d 
 
 - _ _ .-L_ ...f /..I ..xM n«3cn* rhu 
 
 CII oeioug U LU lilt.. ■‘■J — - 
 
 ty. It takes its name from the river Tame, 
 ( which runs by it ) and the Saxon word 
 
 ( which runs by it) and the Saxon word nent tor tne mnop s oee uieiev y-u. 
 
 f reonS, which ligiiifies a t yard or farm, and of the pl.ace is at this day in Englilh H aS, 
 
 ir. _ fnrrnnnded trom the remains of the Walls there (which 
 
 the Marmiom, is in Warwickfhire ; the other, Detween ma^eMeaum a.iu 
 
 which belong’d to the Hullmgs, is in this Otun- to meet with the ruins of an old C ty near th s 
 T.. T. .-u,. 1-K^ rivpr Time, Wav, fcarce a mile {oiizh from Litchfield (emi- 
 
 LU lUCCl. WiUl me XVIIHO .... x/.w .-..wy — - 
 
 Way, fcarce a mile fouth from Litchfield (emi- 
 nent for the Bifhop’s See there.) The name 
 
 Aubr. MS, . 
 
 yeopo, iigruuca a. I *..*•.•7 ' ' 
 
 alfo a river-iiland, or any place furrounded 
 with water ; as, Keyfers-wert and Bomelsv:eorty in 
 Germany, fignifie Csfar’s-Ifland and Bome- 
 lus’s-Ifland. In the time of the Mercian King- 
 dom, this was a Royal feat, and, as it is in 
 * Liber Wi'* the Leiger-book of Worcefter, a 'very eminent 
 
 gornienfis. (Particularly, ill the year 78 1, it appears 
 
 to have been the Palace of the Mercian Kings, 
 by a Grant of Offa to the Monks of Worcefter, 
 which is dated from his P^oyal Palace there. A 
 fquare trench is ftill remaining by the name ot 
 King’s-ditchy which is very large ; and of late 
 •* years, a great many bones of men, and hor- 
 fes, as alfo fpears heads, have been found here, 
 in digging.l Afterwards, it wasdeftroy’d in the 
 Danilh w^ars, but rebuilt by jEthelfleda the 
 Mercian, and Editha the daughter of King 
 Edgar, who declining marriage out^ of reve- 
 rence to the Virgin-iiiitey is kalender d among 
 the fhe-faints. She founded a little Houfe for 
 Nuns in this place ; which was fome few years 
 after tranllated to PoUefvoorth by the Marmions 
 of Normandy, when they built^ a Collegiate 
 Church here, wherein fome of their tombs 
 are ftill to be feen j having had the Town 
 given them by William the Conqueror. Here 
 iikcw'ife they built a neat Caftle, which from 
 them w'ent by the Fre'vils to the Ferrarsy a fa- 
 mily defeended from a younger brother of the 
 Barons Ferrars of Groly. Thefe Marmions (as 
 The King’s it is in Hiftory)wcre hereditary Champions to 
 Champions, Kings of England. For upon every Co- 
 County of rotation of a nt.-w King of England, the heir 
 Lincoln, of this family was bound to ride arm’d in com- 
 
 Ul LUC J.J “•'O •' J T.a.i, 
 
 from the remains of the Walls there (which 
 encompafs about two acres of ground ) call’d 
 the Cajlle-croft, as if one fhould fay, the field o/Calik-croft. 
 the Cafile ; (and here have been found two an- 
 cient Pavements, wherein appeared Roman 
 Bricks.l Near this flood another ancient little 
 City on the other fide of the w.ay, which wa,s 
 dcmolifh’d before William the Conqueror’s 
 time, as the Inhabitants, from an old tradi- 
 tion, tell us; and they (hew the place where 
 the Temple Hood, gueffnig it to have been a 
 Temple, from the largenefs of the found.ation ; 
 and they produce many Coyns of the Roman 
 Emperors, which are the moft infallible proofs 
 of Antiquity. But that which mainly con- 
 firms this point, is, that the Military-way con- 
 tinues from hence, very fair, and plain, and 
 almoil without any breach, till it is crofs d 
 and interrupted by the river Penck, and hath a 
 ftone-bridge built over it at Penmerudum, fopennocracl- 
 call’d from the river, and ibinding at the fameum. 
 diftance which Antoninus has fix d. Which 
 Town has not quite loft the name at this day, 
 being, for Pemecriidum, call’d Penckridge. rButp£„ckrUgv. 
 yet one ObjeSion there is (it’s lying from the 
 Great way at leaft tw'O miles) which, confidering 
 the defign of thefe Stations, is an objeaion of 
 fome weight, notwithftaliding the affinity of 
 the names. And Strettm (as Dr. Plot has fettled 
 it) which has the advantage of Handing upon 
 the tVay, may feem to lay a jufter claim to it. 
 
 The n.ame too favours the conjeSure ; for a 
 little obfervation will teach .any one, that where 
 Street or Chefier is part of the name, he flraU 
 
 UMaom 
 
^37 
 
 ST A fYo R dYhTYk 
 
 feldom lofe his labour in the fearch after Anti- 
 quities.! At prefellt 
 
 qumes.1 Atprefent Pe^krU^e i. only a fmall 
 vn lage, famous tor a Horfe-fair, which Hugh 
 
 King Edward the fecond. fA little below the 
 Way fomhward near Fetherjlone, in the parilh 
 ot was found a brafs-head of the bolt 
 
 ot a Cata[uku ; another was likewife difco- 
 r- Buftobury ^ a third in rhc' biggeftofthe 
 
 Plot, Fig. 5 . 2 .o™iupon the M»rr%l and a fourth at iihW/- 
 Tab,33. ; all of brafs, and much of the Tame 
 
 form ; which certainly fhow, that all tliefe are 
 Timuh, and probably places of fome 
 adtion.l From hence there is nothing memo- 
 pble in this County upon the old Way, unlefs 
 It be that clear and broad lake near Wefton, 
 by \yhi(^ it continues in a direct line to Oken- 
 yate in ShropHiire. And now, we pafs to the 
 middle-part of the County, waterM by the 
 irent in deferibing of which, my dehgn is to 
 
 The River 
 Trent. 
 
 — ^ rny ( ^ 
 
 trace that river from its firft rife ; following 
 Its courfe and windings. 
 
 The 7>-em, which is the third River in Eng- 
 land, fprings from two neighbouring fountains 
 in the upper-part of this County to the weft. 
 Some ignorant and idle pretenders imagiii the 
 name to be derived from the French word 
 TreKte, and upon that account have feign’d 
 thirty rivers running into it, and likewife fo 
 many kinds of Fifh fwimming in it ; the names 
 of which, the people thereabouts have com- 
 pris’d in an Englifh rhyme. Neither do they 
 ftick to aferibe to this river what the Hunga- 
 rians attribute to their 'Tibifcpu, namely, that 
 it confifts of two parts water, and the third 
 fifli. From tile rife, it ftrft runs fouthward, 
 Newcaftle with many windings, not far from Nev^-Caftk 
 undet Lime.under Lime (fbuilt in Henry the third’s time by 
 the Earl of Lancafter, and)] fo call’d on ac- 
 count of an older Caftle which formerly ftood 
 not far from it at Oxjierton under Lime, where 
 I faw the ruinous and fhatter’d walls of an 
 old Caftle, which firft belong’d to Ranulph 
 Earl of Chefter by the gift of King John, and 
 after, by the bounty of Henry the third, to 
 the Houfe of Lancafter ; rM'hereof, at this day, 
 nothing but fome very obfeure Remains are 
 Trentham. to be feen.] Then by Trentham, heretofore 
 Tricingham, fthe feat ot the Lord Gov^er, who 
 was advanced by Qiieen Anne to the dignity 
 of Baron, by the title of Baron Goiuer of Sit- 
 tenbam in the County of York. Here was! a' 
 little Monaftery of the holy and royal Virgin 
 Darlafton. Werburga. Then [to Darlaflon', \\here in a place 
 Berry-bank, call’d Berry-bank, on the top of a hill, are the 
 ruins of a large Caftle tbrtify’d with a double 
 'oallum and entrenchments, about two hundred 
 and lifty yards diameter. This, according to 
 Plot, p. 407. tradition, was the feat of JJlfere King of Mer- 
 cia, who murcher’d his two fons for embracing 
 Seone. Chriftianity.l From hence it haftens to Stone 
 a Market-town, which had its rife in the Sax- 
 on times, and its name from thofe Stones 
 which our Anceftors were accuftom’d yearly 
 t© heap together, to preferve the memory of 
 the place, where fas hath been faidl Wol- 
 phere, that moft heathen King of the Merci- 
 ans, barbarouily flew his fons, Vulfald and 
 Rufin, for turning Chriftians. At which place, 
 when after-ages had confecrated a little Church 
 to their memory, a Town prefently grew up, 
 mflorta Pe- which the Hiftory of Peterborough tells us was 
 troburgenfis. call’d Stone, from thefe ftones. From Stone the 
 Trent flows wdth a fmooth and eafie courfe by 
 Sandon. Sandon, formerly the feat of the Staffords, a 
 f Of late, C. knightly and very famous family, but f after- 
 Erdefwick. wards of Sampfon Erdefwick by inheritance ; a 
 
 ^38 
 
 verj eminent perfon, and a great proricient in 
 cne iludy ot Anti<5uities ; and no lefs me- 
 morable upon that account, than for being di- 
 7%/* male-line, defeended from Hugbi^m„es 
 
 e Ve)mn,h&xoi\ of Sb/pbroc ; the name being chang’d and 
 varied, by change ot habitation, firft into iXi/- ” the 
 grave, and after tiiat into Erdefwick. 
 
 Here the Trent turns to the Eaft, with Ca- 
 mckjood on. the Soucli of it, commonly GiK/t- Cankwood. 
 vooj/ whic.i is every way of groat extent j and 
 at lalt It receives the river .Sow, on the left. 
 
 his river riles near Healy-c:iRle, built by the 
 Barons ot Aldelegh or Audley, to whom this Barons Aud- 
 place was given by do Stafford, as like-*®/* 
 
 wile Aldelegh it felf by Theobald de Verdon : and 
 from thefo, fpiung the fomily of the Stanleys 
 Laris ot Derby, but the inheritance and name 
 delccndcd to the Touchetts, in whofe pofterity 
 and name it ftill remains fin the perfon of 
 James Touchert, Lord Audley and Earl of Ca- 
 /ilehaven in Ireland. About tlie head of this 
 river, is Blore-heath, where a Stone, fet up in Blore-heath* 
 memory of James Lord Audley, delerves our 
 notp. He was flain in that place, fighting 
 againft the Earl of Salisbury in the quarrel of 
 Henry the fixth ; in which battle no lefs than 
 two thoufand four hundred were flain upon 
 the fpot.] I muft not omit to take notice of 
 the Houfe call d Gerards Bromley, both upon Gerards- 
 accounr of its magnificence, and alfo becaufe Bromley^ 
 it f Was the chief feat ot Thomeu Gerard, whom-l Is, C. 
 King James fthe firft,1 in the firft year of his 
 reign, created Baron Gerard of Gerards Brom- 
 ley. 
 
 _ The Yow keeps in a parallel line, at equal 
 diftance from the Trent, and runs by Chebfey, 
 which formerly belong’d to the Lords Hafiings; 
 and then, not far from Ecclejhal, the relidence Ecclclhall 
 of the Bifhop of Lichfield. TThis Caftle was 
 either built, or ar ieaft repair’d, by Walter de 
 Longton Bifhop of Lichfidd and Lord T'reafurer 
 of England, in the reign of Edward the firft. 
 
 Not far from whence, is Wotmi, where is a Wotton. 
 high-pav’d way, which Dr. Plot believes to have 
 been a Roman Via Vicinalis, or by-way, from 
 one Town to another,! and EHenkaU, which 
 formerly was the feat of the Noels, a famous Nogi. 
 family, who founded a Monaftery at Raunton 
 hard by : from them, it defeended hereditarily 
 to the Harcourts, who are of an ancient and 
 noble Norman race, and have flcurifli’d for a 
 long time in great dignity. Of the male-line 
 of rhefe Noels, * was Andrew Noel of Dalby, * p, c. 
 an eminent Knight; as alfo the Nels of WeUes- 
 borov) in the County of Leicefter, land thofe of 
 Hilcote-Hardby, with Baptijl Earl of Gainsbur- 
 row ,1 and others, remaining at this day. From 
 hence the 5 'ow runs by Stafford, heretofore call’d Stafford. 
 Starford, and before that, Betheney, where Ber- 
 telin liv’d an Hermit, with the reputation of 
 great fanftity. Edward the elder in the year 
 P14. built a Tower upon the North-fide of 
 the river here. When William the firft took 
 his Survey of England, as it is faid in Domef- 
 day-book, the King had only eighteen Burgeffes here, 
 belonging to him, and twenty manfions of the Ho- 
 nour oj the Earl ; it paid for all cufloms, nine 
 pounds in deniers. In another place ; The King 
 commanded a Caflie to he rnade there, which was 
 lately demolijh^d. But at that time (as at this 
 day) Stafford Vises th.QchiQi Town of the Coun- 
 ty ; fin favour of which, a Law pafled in the 
 firft year of Queen Elizabeth, for the AfiizeS5tat_ j 
 and Sellions to be holden here.! It owes itsn. 37. 
 greateft glory to Stafford, x Caftle adjoyning 
 to it, built by the Barons of Stafford for a 
 feat, fit is certain, that Etbelfieda, the Mer- 
 
/ 
 
 CO RNAV II. 
 
 64.0 
 
 Ingeftre. 
 
 cian Queen, built a Caftle at Stafford^ whereof 
 there is nothing remaining ; this upon the hilb 
 at a mile’s diftance from the Town, being built 
 by Ranulph or Ralph the firft Earl of Stafford^ 
 
 II View of a long time after. Tho’ Mr. |1 Erdefwkk 
 Staffordjhire.dced concludes, chat he only re-edify ’d the Ca- 
 ftle, and did not new build it ; becaufe he had 
 feen a certain Deed dated from the Caftle near 
 Stafford long before the days of Earl Ralph. But 
 Dr. Plot is of opinion, that the old Caftle 
 there mention’d, might rather ftand within the 
 eiitrendimenc at Biliin^ony which perhaps (fays 
 he ) may be only the remains of this Caftle ; 
 the lands, wherein thefe entrenchments are, 
 being not far diftant, and ftill remaining part 
 of the demefne land of the Barony of Stafford?\ 
 Below this, the is joyn’d by a little river 
 penke, riv.caird Penke, that gives name to Penmcrucium an 
 ancient Town, of which we have already made 
 mention. Near the confluence of the Smu and 
 Ticks.hall. the 'I'renty ftands Ticks-haUy where the^ family 
 of the Aftons dwell, W'liich for Antiquity and 
 Alliances, is one of the beft families in thefe 
 parts. INot far from whence, ftands Ir^ejire, 
 an ancient feat of the family of the Chetwinds > 
 the laft owner of which (who dy’d without 
 iflue A. D. Vf^alter Chetvoind Efqj 
 
 a Gentleman, eminent, as for his ancient fa- 
 mily and great hofpicality, fo for his admira- 
 Dr, p/o/.ble skill in Antiquities; the Hiftory of Staff 
 ford/hire receiving great encouragement from 
 him. He was likewife a perfon of a charita- 
 ble and publick fpirit, as appear’d by new 
 building the Parifli-Church of Ingefire after a 
 very beautiful manner, and alfo adding to 
 the Vicarage fuch tythes as remain’d in his 
 haiids.1 
 
 With thefe waters the Trent glides gently, 
 through the middle of the County, to the Eaft ; 
 
 ■ having Chartley-ai^h -at tw'o miles diftance on 
 the left of it, which from Ranulph Earl of Chefter 
 who built it, came to the FerrarSy by Agnes his 
 After, who was married to William de Far- 
 rars Earl of Derby j from whom, defeended 
 Lords Ferrarsj-j-^g Lords Ferrars of Chartley. Anne, daughter 
 of Chartley. brought this Honour, as 
 
 a portion, to Walter D^eureux her husband, 
 from whom is defeended Robert D’eureux Earl 
 of Eflex, and Lord Ferrars of Chartley. fBut 
 Robert D’eureux (fon of the faid Robert,) who 
 was the laft Earl of Eflex and Lord Ferrars of 
 that name, dying without ilfue ; Ring Charles 
 the focond created Sir Robert Shirlejy Lord Fer- 
 rars of Chartley ; W’ho w'as alfo afterwards ad- 
 vanced by C^een Anne to the more honoura- 
 ble Titles of Vifeount Tamworth and Earl of 
 Ferrars .1 
 
 On the right fide of the fame river, almoft 
 Beaudefert. at the fame diftance, ftands Beaudefert, moft 
 delicately feated among the Woods. It w'as 
 formerly the Houfe of the Bifliops of Lichfield, 
 BaronsPaget.jjy^ afterwards of the Barons Paget. For Wil- 
 liam Paget (who for his approv’d Wifdom and 
 Knowledge in matters both at home and abroad, 
 was in great favour w’ith King Henry the 
 eighth and King Edward the fixth) having got 
 a large eftatc, was created Baron Paget of Beau- 
 defert by Edward the fixth. His grandfon 
 ♦ Who now j^iiiiamy the fourth * Baron, f was by his 
 flourifhes, C. ^nd greiit progrefs in learning, an or- 
 
 ' * nament to his family, and in that refpe(ft is 
 
 juftly diftinguifh’d by an honourable mention in 
 this Work ; fand another of the fame name, the 
 late Lord Pagety having been Ambaflador Extra- 
 ordinary to the Grand Seignior, gave great proofs 
 of his Wifdom and Abilities 111 the progrefs of 
 that famous. Peace concluded at Carhviitz^ in 
 
 Chartley- 
 
 Caliie. 
 
 the year i 5 p 8 . In the Park of Beaudeferty r.- 
 mains a large fortification, called the Cafile-hiilj 
 encompalled with a double agger and trench, 
 which are in a manner circular, except on the 
 fouth-eaft-fide. It is probable, this was call 
 up by Canums, when he made that dilmal 
 wafte of thofe parts, whioh our Hiftorians 
 fpeak of.1 
 
 From hence the Trent fees Lichfieldy fcarce Lichfield, 
 four miles diftant from the right fide of it. 
 
 Bede calls it Lkidfeld, which Rons of Warwick 
 renders a Field of Carcaffesy and tells us, that 
 many Chrlftians fufter’d martyrdom there, un- 
 der Dioclefian. [The Story is, that a thou- 
 fand Chriftians (who had been inftrufted by 
 St. Amphibalus in a place call’d Chrifiian-field) 
 were martyr’d, and their bodies left unburied, 
 to be devour’d by birds and beafts ; from whence 
 the City bears for their Device, an Efcocheon 
 of Landskip with many Martyrs in it, in fe- 
 veral manners maflacred .1 The City ftands 
 low', and is pretty large, and neat, and is di- 
 vided into two parts by a kind of- lough or 
 clear water which is but fhallow : however, 
 they have a communication by two caufeys made 
 over it, which Inave their refpeftive fluices. * sua Emiffa- 
 The South part, or the hithermoft, is by much ria. 
 the greater, being divided into feveral Streets; 
 and it has in it a School, and a pretty large^ 
 
 Hofpical dedicated to St. John, for relief of 
 
 the Poor. The further is the Ids, yet adorned 
 
 with a very beautiful Church ; w'hich, with 
 
 the fine Walls that furround it like a Caftle, 
 
 and the fair Houfes of the Prebendaries, and 
 
 the Bifliop’s Palace, all about it, makes a 
 
 lovely ftiow, with three lofty Pyramids of 
 
 Stone rifing from it. This was a Biftiop s See 
 
 many ages fince. For in the year 606.^ Ofwy 
 
 King ol Northumberland, having conquer d the 
 
 P.agan Mercians, built a Church here for the 
 
 propagation of the Chriftian Religion, and made 
 
 Duina the firft Bifhop ; whole Succeflbrs W'ere 
 
 fo much in favour with their Princes, that they 
 
 had not only the preheminence among all the 
 
 Mercian Bifhops, and were enrich’d with very 
 
 large pofleflions (Cankwood or Canoe a very great 
 
 Wood, and other large Eftates, being given 
 
 them : ) but the See alfo has had an Arch-Bi- 
 
 fhop, namely Eadulph, to whom Pope Adrian 
 
 gave the Pall, and made all the Bifliops of the 
 
 Mercians and Eaft- Angles fubject to him. This 
 
 he was induced to, by the golden Arguments 
 
 of Oft'a King of the Mercians, out ol fpight 
 
 to Jeambert or Lambert Archbifhop of Can-^jj^m. 
 
 terbury, who offer’d his afliftance to Charles year 779. 
 
 the Great, if he would invade England. But Hift. R-offenf, 
 
 this Archiepifcopal Dignity expir’d with Of- 
 
 fa and Eadulph. Among the Bifliops, the moft 
 
 eminent is * Chad, who was canoniz’d for his* S.Ccada. 
 
 fanftity, and, as Bede exprefles it, when the 
 
 Prelacy was not yet tainted with excefs and 
 
 luxury, made himfelf a houfe to live in ^ not far 
 
 difiant from the Church, -wherein with a few others, 
 
 that tSy with /even or eight of his brethren, he 
 
 was wont privately to read and pray as often as 
 
 he had leifure from preaching the word of God. 
 
 In that age, Lichfield was a fmall Village, and 
 in populoujnefsfarfhort of a City. The Country a- 
 bout it is woody and a little river runs near it. 
 
 The Church was but of fmall compafs, according to 
 the mean and humble model of thofe ancient times. 
 
 When ill a Synod 1075. it was decreed, that the 
 Sees of Bifliops fliould not be in obfeure Vil- 
 lages, Peter Bifliop of Lichfield transfer’d his 
 See to Chefler. But Robert of Limfey his fuc- 
 ceflbr, remov’d it to Coventry. A little after, 
 
 Rorer Clinton brought it back again to Lichfield, 
 
 ^ and 
 
* So fai<J, 
 ann. 1607. 
 
 “d began a very beautiful Church Am,. 
 in honour to the Virgin Mary and St CeaJa 
 and repair d the CalUe, which is quite de- 
 ftioy a, without any remains to be fecn at this 
 day I he T own within the memory of * our 
 
 f'n the name 
 
 of Bad,fs and Burgeffes, by King Edward the 
 hath ; land hath given the title of Earl to 
 Bernard Stewart youngeft foil of Efme Duke of 
 Iranox and Earl of Marche created in the 21ft 
 par ofK Charles the firft. Being flain at the 
 battle of Rowton-heath in Chefhiro, he was fuc- 
 ceeded by Charier Stewart his nephew, w ho dyM 
 Ambaflpor ,11 Denmark in 1572. About two 
 years after, the title was confer’d upon Ed- 
 ward Henry ire, created, June 5. 1S74. Baron 
 of Stekiury Vifcount Quarendon, and Earl of 
 Luhpeld. J It is^ fifty two degrees and forty two 
 minutes in Latitude ; and in Longitude twen- 
 ty one degrees, twenty minutes. 
 
 Streethey. fNot far from hence is Streethey, the name 
 m . - r “hen from its lituation upon 
 
 M^e^yrtttAUlkeniU-ftreet ; *and itsdiftalice 
 rayme, p. t^om Streem (another Town lying upon the 
 lame road, and claiming the fame Antiquity, 
 on account of its name ) being about twelve 
 miles, makes it reafcnable to fuppofe that 
 thefe two might be ftations for the reception 
 of the Armies in their march. Upon the eafl 
 fide of the road, between Streethey and Bttrnn, 
 Edainga). Hands Eddingat, where is a rais’d way, pointing 
 towards LuUington in Derbyfhirc, which. Dr. 
 Plot is of Opinion, might probably be one of 
 the Roman Hta uticintder^ or by-roads ; for fuch 
 they had, befides their great hig/r-ways, for the 
 convenieiiGe of going between Town and 
 Town.l 
 
 The Lake at Lichfield^ is at firft pen*d up in- 
 to a narrow eprapafs, and then grows wider 
 again j but uniting at lall into one chane!, it 
 prefently fails into the Trenty which continues 
 its courle Eaftward till it meets the river "Tame 
 from the South y in conjunction with which, 
 it runs through places abounding with Alaba- 
 fter to the North, that it may fooner receive 
 the river Dove; and almoft encompalfes Bur- 
 m, formerly a Town, remarkable for the 
 Alabafter-works, for a Caftle of the FerrarSy 
 for an ancient Monaflery founded by Uifric 
 Spot Earl of the Mercians, and for the Retire- 
 ment of Modiuena, an Irifh woman. Of the 
 ' Abbey, the Book of Abingdon fpeaks thus ; 
 A certain fervant of King ^thelred, tail’d Uifric 
 Spot, built the Abbey Burton, and endow’d it 
 with all his paternal ejlatcy to the value of /even 
 hundred pounds ; and, that this gift might Jlandgood, 
 be gave King .fEthelred tinree hundred manes of 
 gold for his Confirmationy and to every Bijhop five 
 manes ; befides tJje Fown of Dumblctony (fuer and 
 abov€y to Alfrick Archbijhop of Canterbury. So that 
 we may fee, that Gold was plentiful and pre- 
 dominant in thofe ages, and that it fway’d even 
 in fpiritual matters. In this Monaflery, Mod- 
 wenuy eminent for her fandity in thefe parts, 
 lies buried, and on the Tomb were inferibed 
 thefe Verfes : 
 
 Ortum Modwenna dat Hiherniay Scotia 
 finem. 
 
 Anglia dat tumulumy dat Dem afira 
 poli. 
 
 Prima dedit vitamy fed mortem terra fe- 
 tTir-Conel; ^ 
 
 but according terram terra term terra dedit : 
 
 to Archbi/liop Aufert Lanfortia quam t ter^‘a Conallea pro- 
 Ullicr, Clan. 
 
 ^Ant Pcelix Burtonium virginU ojfa tenet. 
 
 Brit, p. 369. 
 
 D SHI RE. 
 
 642 
 
 Alabaher. 
 
 Burton upon 
 Trent. 
 
 She is alfo 
 call’d Mow 
 
 By Ireland life, by Smlmd death was 
 giVL-n, 
 
 A Tomb by England, endipfs joys by Hea- 
 ven. ^ ^ 
 
 One boafls her birth, one mourns her hope- 
 Icfs fate. 
 
 And one does Earth to Earth again com- 
 mit, 
 
 Lemfortin I’avifh d what Fircotmel gave. 
 
 And pious Burton Iteeps lier facred grave. 
 
 Near Burton, between the rivers Dove, Trent, 
 
 .Jl lr gives name 
 
 Bhthfield, the beautdul feat of an ancient Blithficld; 
 and famous family, the Bagots) Hands Aree^fwooi,Necdwood= 
 a large Foreft, with many Parks in it, where- 
 in the Gentry hereabouts frequently exercife 
 themlelves with great application, in the a- 
 greeable toil of hunting. TAs to Blithfield, it 
 came into^ the family of the Bagots, by the 
 marriage of the daughter and heir of Blithfield; 
 m the reign of Edward the fecond. Before 
 which time, they were feated at the neigh- 
 bouring Village of Bagotts-Bromley. From this 
 fanuly were alfo defeended the ancient Barons 
 of Stafford, afterwards Dukes of Buckingham.! 
 
 So much for the inner parts. 
 
 The North-part of the County rifes gently 
 into fmall hills ; which begin here, and, like 
 the Apennine in Italy, run through the middle 
 of England in one continifd ridge, rifing higher 
 and higher, as far as Scotland ; under feveral 
 names. For here they are call’d Mooreland, after 
 that Peake, then Blackflon-edge, anon Craven, next 
 Stanmore, and laft of all, when they branch out 
 into horns, _ Cheviot. This Mooreland (fo call’d 
 becaufe it rifes into high hills and mountains, 
 and is unfruitful ; w'hich fort of places we call 
 in our language Moors,) is a trad fo very rug- 
 ged, foul, and cold, that the fnows continue 
 long undilfolv’d ; fo that, concerning a Coun- 
 try-Village here, call’d Wotton, feated at the 
 bottom of Wever-hill, the Neighbours have 
 this Rhyme among them, intimating that God 
 never was in that place ; 
 
 IVotton under Wever, 
 
 Where God came never. 
 
 It is obferv’d by the Inhabitants, that the 
 Weft-wind ahvays caufes rain ; but that the 
 Eaft and South-winds, which are wont to 
 bring rain in other places, make fair weather 
 here, unlefs the wind fliift about from Weft to 
 South ; and this they aferibe to their nearnefs 
 to the Irifh-fea. From thofe Mountains fpring 
 many rivers, in this Shire ; the chief are, the 
 Dove, the Hanfe, Chumet, Tein, and Blith ; and 
 Trent, which receives them all, and carries them 
 into the Sea. The Dwe (the banks whereofOovew 
 are a h.ard Limeftone which they burn to ma- 
 nure their fields, ) runs fwiftly, for a great 
 way, along the Eaft-part of this County ; feve- 
 ring it from Derbyfhire, by its white dayifli 
 chanei, without any fbelves of mud : Which 
 running thro’ a Lime-ftone foil, fucks-in fuch 
 richnefs from thence, that in the very middle of 
 winter the Meadows on both fides look frelh 
 and green ; and if it overflows and lays the 
 Meadows afloat in April, like another Nile it 
 makes them fo fruitful, that the neighbouring 
 Inhabitants thereabouts joyfully apply to it the 
 following Rhyme, 
 
 In April Dove’s flood 
 Is worth a King’s good. 
 M m m m 
 
 This 
 
CORN AVI I. 
 
 644 
 
 ^43 
 
 This river will fwell fo much in twelve hours 
 time, thatj to the great terror of the Inhabi- 
 tants thereabouts, it will wafh off the Sheep 
 and Cattel, and carry them down w'ith it ; yet 
 it falls again within the fame time, and re- 
 turns to its old chanel : whereas the Trefit, be- 
 ing once over the banks, keeps the Fields a- 
 float lour or five days together. But now, 
 concerning thofe rivers which run into it : 
 Hans, The firft is, Nafts, which falling under-ground, 
 breaks out again three miles off. The next 
 Churnet. that joyns it, is the Churnety which runs by De- 
 De-La*Cres. //x-Cm-Abbey, built by Ranulph the third of 
 Leike. that name, Earl of Chefier .• by Leikey noted 
 Aulton. for its Market ; and then by Aukariy formerly 
 
 the Caftle of the Barons ds Verdoyiy from whom, 
 by the Furnivals, it defcended to the Talbots 
 Tein, Earls of Shrew sbury. A little lower, the T'einy 
 a I'mall river, runs into the Dwe ; w'hich ri- 
 Cheddlc. {^ng not far from Cheddle, the ancient feat of 
 the Ballets defcended from the Ballets of Drai~ 
 tony runs on in a courfe fo winding, that in a 
 mile’s riding I crofs’d it four times. Near 
 Chfickley. this, in Cheekley Church-yard, Hand three Stones 
 raifed Spire-w'ife, tw'o of which have little 
 images upon them j and that in the middle is 
 the highell. The Inhabitants talk of an En- 
 gagement between two Armies there j one 
 with we.apons, the other without ; and that 
 three Bilhops were flainin that battle, in me- 
 mory of whom thefe Stones were ereded. What 
 hillorical truth may be couch’d under this 
 Story, I am not yet able to fay. fNot far 
 Croxden*Ab- from Cheekley y by a fmali brook call’d Peaky are 
 hey* the {lately ruins of Croxden-Abbeyy formerly a 
 
 Monallery of Ciflercian Monks, founded by 
 ‘Theobald de Verdony a Norman Baron, about the 
 time of Henry the fecond.l 
 
 Now the Dove runs under a firm Stone- 
 Utcefler, bridge to Vtceflery in Saxon Uccok-cej*cep, 
 feated on a hill of eafie afeent, and rather rich 
 by means of its fine meadows and cattel, than 
 neat and handfom in refped of buildings. Be- 
 fore I faw it, I took it for Etocetumy being 
 induc’d to that Opinion by the affinity of the 
 two names. But now time has undeceiv’d me. 
 Aftervvards, w'htn the Dove draws toward the 
 Tutbury- Trent y it fees Tutbury-c.Mt (called alfo Stutes- 
 caftle, ) formerly very large, and commanding 
 
 the low^er Country by its high fituation on an 
 Alaballer-hill. It was built ( with the little 
 Monallery) by Henry de Ferrars a noble Nor- 
 man, to whom William the firft gave large 
 pofleffions in this County, which were all for- 
 feited by Robert de Ferrariis Earl of Derby, up- 
 on his fecond revolt from Henry the third. 
 For though after the many Difturbances which 
 he had raifed in the Barons w'ar, he was re- 
 ceived .again into favour by the King, and 
 then bound himfelf by a ftridt oath to be faith- 
 ful to him for the future } yet the reftlefs 
 temper of this man (that he might make For- 
 tune comply by force, fince fhe would not by 
 couriftiip) foon after hurry’d him a-new into 
 arms, againft his Soveraign ; and being at laft 
 taken, that I may ufe the words of the Re- 
 cord, he was, purfuant to the tenor of his 
 Obligation, wholly divefted of his Honour and 
 Eftate. There is a lake fomewhere in this 
 Shire, if Necham deceive us not, into w'hich 
 no w ild beaft will go upon any account : but 
 fince the place is uncertain, and indeed the 
 In lib. delau. thing more j I will only fubjoiii thefe Ver- 
 Necham about it, intitled by him 
 De Lacu in Staffordia. 
 
 Rvghu Lacm efi eventm praco futuriy 
 Cnjm acjiiis jera Je credere nulla Jolet. 
 
 Infiet odora comm virtusy moVi inflet acerbuy 
 Non tamen intrabit exagitata lacum. 
 
 Of a Lake in Staftbrdlhire. 
 
 A Lake that with prophetick noife does 
 roar. 
 
 Where beafts can ne^er be forced to venture 
 o’er. 
 
 By hounds, or men, or fleeter death 
 purfu’d. 
 
 They’ll not plunge in, but fhun the hated 
 flood. 
 
 Alfo, concerning another Lake in this Gerv. Tilbu- 
 County, Gervalius Tilburienfis, in his 
 Imperialia to Otho the fourth, writes thus ; 
 
 In the Bijhoprick of Coventry, and in the County of 
 Staf'Ordy at the foot of the mountain luhicb the In- 
 habitants call Mahull, there is a water very broad 
 like a Lake, in the out-grounds of a Village which 
 they call Magdalea. There is great flare of wood 
 all along upon the lake, the water of which is very 
 clear, and fo effeBual a refrefbment, that when the 
 hunters have given cbace to a Stag or other wild 
 beafly and their borfes are /pent and weary, if they 
 do but drink of this water in the mofl fcorching 
 heat of the Sun, and water their horfes with it, 
 they recover their flrengtb to run again, to that de- 
 gree, that one would think they had not run at 
 aU. 
 
 As for the title of Stafford, it * continued '*■ Hath con* 
 in the poftcrity of Robert of Stafford ( whom*^"“’‘*> 
 William the Norman enrich’d with great pof- 
 felTions,) till f our times. A family exceedingf So faid, 
 eminent as well as ancient ; and which hasex-««n* *607, 
 perienc’d feveral turns of fortune. Firft they and Ba- 
 were Barons of Staftbrd, then Earls, after that rons of Staf- 
 Dukes of Buckingham and Earls of Staftbrd. ford. 
 
 And t at laft it was their fortune to be reduc’df Now,(2?f. C. 
 
 to their old title of Baron only and thofe 
 
 great eftates which they had gain’d by their 
 
 honourable marriages, are all fled and fcat- 
 
 ter’d. In lieu whereof, they || enjoy’d a happy || Enjoy, C. 
 
 fecurity, which feldom cohabits with greatnefs 
 
 and great Men. fAfter Edward Stafford laft 
 
 Duke of Buckingham of that n.ame, there were 
 
 three of the family, who enjoy’d the title of 
 
 Lords Staftbrd, Henry, Edward, and another 
 
 Henry : the daughter of which laft being mar- 
 
 ry’d to William Howard, fon of Thomas Earl of 
 
 Arundel and Surrey, King Charles the firft 
 
 created them jointly Baron and Baronefs of 
 
 Staftbrd, and did afterwards create her husband 
 
 Vijeoum Staftbrd, in the year 1^40. Which 
 
 William was beheaded on TowerhiH, in the 
 
 year i58o, for the part which he had in the 
 
 Popifli Plot ; but Henry his eldeft fon, was 
 
 created Earl of Staftbrd, in the fourth year of 
 
 King James the fecond.l 
 
 There are 130 Parifhes in this County. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Staftbrd- 
 fhire. 
 
 The mountainous part of this Country, called the 
 Moorelands, produceth the fame plants with the 
 Peak-Coa«fry of Derbyfhire. The more deprejfed and 
 level parts, with Warwkkfhire. 
 
 At a Village called M^orton in this County, about 
 two miles diflant from Newport in Sbropfhire g}-ow 
 in pknty, the 
 
 Aoies Ger. Park, ftemina, five ’£Aa.’Tn SviAfw 
 y. B. The female or Tem-leav’d Firr-tree : which, 
 whether they were native of this place, or anci- 
 
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6^5 
 
 HROP S hTrk 
 
 ciently planted here^ is fame qnefiion. That they 
 natives Dr. Plot gathers not only from tlj 
 dtjorderly natural Jttuation, and exceftve beigk, to 
 which planted trees feldom arrive, but chiefly from 
 the fiools or flumps of many trees which he (ufpeBs 
 to have been Firrs found near them, in their natural 
 pojmontn the bottoms of Mojfes and Pools (particu- 
 larly of Shebben-pool) feme of the bodies whereof 
 are daily dug up at Laynton, and in the old Pewet- 
 pool m the fame pariflo where thefe now grow 
 ^ i>orbus Pyriformis D. Pitt. The Pear-like Ser- 
 ’otce. / have already declared my opinion, that this 
 IS no other than the common Se-iwice-tree. Dr. Plot 
 
 placed ^oorelands at many 
 
 S'ambucus fmftu cilho Ger. Park, frudu in 
 umbella viridi C. B. acinis albis f. B. IVIme- 
 herrted Eldey-. h the hedges near the village of 
 Combrtdge plentifully. Dr, Plot, hift. nat. StafF 
 
 Inpolium minus vulgare. The leffer Sea- 
 Jtar-won. Said to grow in the grounds of Mr. Chet- 
 wynd of Ingfiree, within two miles of Stafford, in 
 a place call d the Marfh, near the place where the 
 rme of it felf breaks out above ground, frets away 
 the zrafs, and makes a plafh of Salt-water. Dr. 
 Pior, hift. nat. Staff. 
 
 6^6 
 
 S HROP S HIR E. 
 
 HE fourth divifion of that 
 Country -which ( as is gene- 
 rally believ’d) the Cornavii in- 
 habited, was known in the 
 Saxons time by the name of 
 r6cpobbej-bypi5ycype,l6cipyp-' 
 j-cype , f 6cpobbj-cipe 1 and 
 which riater writers call Sa- 
 
 I would not be underftood (therefore I give 
 this caution) that all the County belong’d to 
 the Cornell, but fo much only as lies on this 
 tide the Severn. That on the other fide, be- 
 long d to the Ordovices, a People of great ex- 
 tent j lome part of whofe Country (as alfo 
 lome fmall parcels on this fide Severn, which 
 belong d to the Lords Marchers) were laid to 
 this Shire, * not long fince, by Ad of Parlia-* So faid 
 menr. The Divifion of the Shire into thefe ann. 1607! 
 two parts is the more proper and convenient, ^7 H. 8. 
 becaufe the river Severn runs through it from 
 Welt to South-ealt. The part beyond the Se- 
 wrn, is bounded on the South by the river 
 Temd, in Wellh Tifidiauc, which, at fome di- 
 ftance, is joyn’d by the river Colm, call’d in 
 
 r- r , , / - . - ■: Welfh Co/wsTiy', but for fliortnefs C/we. This The river 
 
 finfomuch that a late Author higher up in the Country, not far fromoL. 
 
 on the welt to be divided from Wales with a ja well-frequented little town call’d u-o, ,ot-- 
 
 tozi// of^ continu’d Caliles ; and tells us, becaufe it belong’d to*the Bilho^^of ^ 
 
 6bpobbe-ycypei .. ^ 
 
 lopfchire, Scropfcire, and Schropfhirefl we Shropfl-, 
 and the Latins Comitatus btalopienfls. It much 
 exceeds the reft in compafs, and is noc infe- 
 rior to any in fruitfulnefs, or pleafure. It is 
 bounded on the Halt by Staffordfhire, on the 
 Welt by Montgomeryfhire and Denbyjhire, on the 
 South by Worcefleffire, Herefordfhire, and Rad- 
 mrfhire, and on the North by Chefloire. It is 
 environ’d on every fide with to-^vns and caltles, 
 
 The Mar- 
 ches, 
 
 Lords Mar- 
 chers. 
 
 + See the 
 
 that befide feveral towns firongly v ailed, thirty- 
 two Caltles have been built in it i 1 being a 
 frontier County, or (as Siculus Flaccus -words 
 Atfffefldw.it) Ager arcifinim ; and of great ufe * in check- 
 ing the excurlions of their Welfh neighbours. 
 From whence, the borders of it towards kVales 
 were call’d by a Saxon Name, tlie Marches, be- 
 ing the limits between the Englilh and Welfh. 
 In this Country, certain Noblemen were in- 
 titled Barones Marchice, | Lords Marchers, who 
 exercis’d within their refpeftive liberties a fort 
 . , of (I Palatine jurifdidlion, and held Courts of 
 
 ^"Jultice to determine Controverfies among neigh- 
 [{ What this bours, and prefcrib’d lor feveral privileges and 
 is, fee Cie- immunities ; one of which was, that the King’s 
 fiire. Writs fhould not run here in fome Caufes. 
 
 But, whatever controverfies arofe concerning 
 the right of the feveral Baronies, or their ex- 
 tent, were only determinable in the King’s 
 Courts of JulHce. We find thefe llil’d former- 
 Marquifles ofly Marchiones de Marcbia kVallix, Marquifi'es of 
 the Marches, the Marches of Wales, as appears by the red 
 book in the Exchequer j -vyhere we read, that 
 at the Coronation of Queen Eleanor, Confort 
 to Henry the third, thefe Marquiffes, or Lords 
 Marchers of Wales, viz. fobn Fitz.-Alane, Ralph 
 de Mortimer, ffohn de Monmouth, and Walter de 
 Clifford, in behalf of the Marches, did claim in 
 their right, to provide filver fpears, and bring them 
 The Canopy.^® Square Canopy of purple filk at the 
 
 ^ Coronation of the Kings and Queens of England : 
 but peaceful times and Royal Authority did by 
 degrees abolilli the private rights of thefe Lords j 
 fand this, particularly, belongs now, amongfi 
 other immunities and privileges, to the inhabi- 
 tants of the Cinquc-port-Towns .1 
 
 "Vide Kent. 
 
 Hereford, whofe Diocefe takes in a great part 
 of this Shire. TAc fome difiance from hence, 
 is Chhbury, near the Severn } where one of the 
 ancient Caftles before-mention’d, feems to have 
 been. For JEtbelfled, Lady of the Mercians, 
 is fi faid to have built one at Cypicbypic, n phr Sax 
 Now, as to the alEnity between the old and 
 new names, if we add the Norman [/(?] after 
 C, the change is very eafy and natural ; and 
 as for the condition of the place, nothing can 
 anfwcr more exadly i for where lliould Ihe 
 more probably build it, than here, when her 
 main delign was to fecure her kingdom againft 
 the Incurfions of the Welfh ? This place gives 
 the title of Baron, to a Family of the Herbens ; 
 
 Sir Edward Herbert, a perfon of great learning, 
 being advanc’d to the dignity of a Baron of 
 this Realm, 5 Car. i, by the title of Lord 
 Herbert of Cbirbury. \ 
 
 The river Colun gives name to Colun or 
 C/awe-cafile, which was built by the Qm,e.caflie, 
 
 (defcended from one Alan the fon of Flaold a 
 Norman, and afterwards Earls of Arundel,) at 
 fuch time as they were Lords Marchers here, 
 and annoy’d the Welfli with frequent Inroads : 
 
 But where it meets the river Lemd, among 
 feveral dangerous fords arifeth a hill f (ac- 
 celTible but at one place, and very famous in 
 ancient times )1 call’d Caer Caradcck ; becaufe, ^ara* 
 about the year of our Lord 53, Caratacns a dock, 
 renown ’d Britifh King, ■ fbrdfy’d it xvith a bul- King Cara- 
 wark of fione, and defended it gallantly againft 
 ORorim o.n 6 . the Roman Legions; rill 
 making a breach with no great difficulty inLhuyd, 
 fo flight a work (the fains of whioii are yet 
 to be feen,) forc’d the Britains, who had no 
 
 arms. 
 
647 
 
 CORNAVII. 
 
 648 
 
 ancs, to betake themfelves to the Mountains, 
 The King himfelf efcap’d by flight, but his 
 wife, daughter, and brothers, were taken pri- 
 foners ; yet was not his Efcape a Security to 
 him (men in advcrfity being no where fecurej) 
 for afterwards he w'as deliver’d up to Ofiorim 
 by Queen Cartifmandua (with whom he had 
 trufted himfelt,) and was carry’d to Rome j 
 where, notwithftanding he had engag’d the 
 Romans in fo tedious and toilfom a war, he 
 procur’d his own and . his family’s Pardon, of 
 Claudim Cafar ; and that by no bafe or preca- 
 rious follicitations, but by a noble and maje- 
 ftick freedom of addrefs. For the taking of 
 this hill, and Caratacus^ a Triumph was decreed 
 to Ofiorim ; nor did the captive King feem 
 a lefs prize to' the Senate, than the two Royal 
 Prifoners, Syphax, whom P. Scij)iOy and Perfes, 
 whom L. Paulm, prefented to the Romans. And 
 * HificrU notw'ithftanding^our forry Hiflorian has omit- 
 noftree Sard- ted the account both of this battel, and of this 
 nator. gallant Britain, yet is not his memory, nor 
 the flory, extindf among the Country-people. 
 They tell us, that a King was beaten upon 
 this hill j and in the Welfti-book call’d Triades, 
 among the three renow’ned Britilh Heroes, Ca- 
 4 With a radauc f Urichfrea is the chief j who to me 
 llrong arm. feems, undoubtedly to have been this very Ca- 
 ratacus. fAnd as the Adion was great and 
 eminent, || fo the remains of it to this day, 
 
 II Aubrey ’fc - 
 
 Monumtnia are very conhderable. Near Lanterden, about 
 Britan, 
 vol. 2. 
 
 the meeting of the rivers Teme and C/«», are 
 two barrows, in which have been found burnt 
 bones and an urn. And a little way eaft of 
 Brandon. at Brandon^ is a Angle fquare work with 
 
 four ports, very commodioufly fituated, as ha- 
 ving near it the river to ferve them with wa- 
 ter j a thing, which the Romans were always 
 careful to fecure, if poflible. And thefe are 
 the Remains of the Romans. 
 
 A.S iov Britains j here is a Camp of theirs 
 alfo about half a mile from Brandon, at a place 
 call’d Coxoll near Brampton- Bryan-C 7 ^h\Q which 
 is now cover’d with great oaks. From hence 
 they feem to have been beaten : and about 
 three miles to the north, is the foremention’d 
 large Camp, Caer^Caradock. The trenches are 
 very deep, and yet the foil is a liard rock. 
 The Rarapires are wall’d, but the w'all is now 
 cover’d with earth j which if one remove 
 
 on a hill, at the joyning of the Temd with the 
 river Corve i a town of greater elegance than 
 antiquity. Roger de Montgomery firft built here 
 a beautiful and flrong Caftle, hanging over the 
 river Corve ; and then enclos’d it with walls, 
 about a mile in compafs. This, wlien his foil 
 Robert was proferib’d, King Henry the firfl: 
 took into his own hands, and defended it 
 againft King Stephen, who laid clofe fiege to 
 it ; and Henry, fon of the King of Scots, be- 
 ing lifted up from his Horfe by an Iron-hook, 
 had been drawn within the walls, if King Ste- 
 phen himfelf had not aififted him, and with Matt. Paris; 
 Angular courage deliver’d him from that im- 
 minent danger. Afterwards, King Henry the 
 fecond gave this caftle, with the vale below 
 it along the Corve (commonly call’d Corves-dale,) 
 to Fulk de Dinan : next, it came to the Lacies 
 of Ireland, and by a daughter to Jeffrey de 
 Jenevile a PoiHovin, or (as fome fay) of fliSTcncvile. 
 Houfe of Lorrain f from whofe pofterity it^ 
 defeended by a daughter to the MortimerSy 
 and from them, hereditarily, to the Crown. 
 
 Afterwards, the Inhabitants erected a fair 
 Church in this place, upon the higheft ground 
 in the heart of the town, the only one they 
 have ; and from this time, we may date its 
 reputation, and eminence beyond any of its 
 neighbours. Tho’ King Stephen, Simon de 
 Mountfordy and Henry the Axth, did much dam- 
 nify it in the feveral Civil wars ; yet it always 
 recover’d : more efpecially, ever Alice King 
 Henry the eighth eflablifli’d the Council of the The Council 
 Marches (not unlike the French Parliaments,) Mar- 
 the Lord PreAdent whereof generally * ^®P^*^Kee s C 
 his Courts here, which feldom f wanted buAnefs j 4 Want,’ C.* 
 either owing to the great extent of the Jurif* * 
 
 diflion, or to the litigious temper of the Welfh 
 people. The Council |1 conAfted of a Lordn q, 
 
 PreAdent, as many Counfellors as the King ’ 
 
 * pleafed, a Secretary, an Attorney, a Solici- * pieafes, C. 
 tor, and the four Juftices of the (bounties of 
 Wales : fBut that Council, together with the 
 faid Courts, being a great grievance to the 
 Subjeft, were diflblv’d and taken away by Par- 
 liament, in the Arfl: year of King William and Cap. xxviu 
 Queen Mary. 
 
 Not far from the foremention’d river Corve, 
 
 Hands Rujhbury, to which place Dr. Gale re-Ruftibury. 
 moves, from WorceAer, the Bramonium or Bra-' 
 voniumy or, as the Simlerian Edition has it, 
 the Braviniumy of Antoninus j induced there- 
 unto, partly becaufe Brvjynen in Briiifli AgniAes 
 
 and 
 
 lit- 
 
 Dogd. Vi* tie, the flones appear. * It is now vulgarly 
 fitation of call’d the Gahy lituate on the eaft-point of a 
 Shropfliire. accefs, as we have 
 
 obfcrv’d, but one way, and that is from a plain! a bulrujhy which fuirs the prefent name' 
 on the wefl-part. It is three times as long, | partly by reafon of the diftance from 
 as it is broad ; having its entrance to the weft, ’ ’ ’ ’ ' ' '' 
 
 fenced with a high treble rampire. There is 
 alfo a narrow paflage out of it towards the eaft, 
 upon the very pitch of the hill. The north- 
 Ade of it is fortify ’d with a deep and double 
 trench ; but on the fourh-Ade it hath but a 
 Angle trench becaufe the fteepnefs of that Ade 
 of the hill, is of it felf a good defence. On 
 the fouth-point of a high hill (a mile north 
 Ttmgley-of Clun) call’d Tongleyy is a large fortifleation ; 
 fomewhat larger than Caer-Caradock ; it is made 
 circular, and defended with three deep tren- 
 ches drawn round it. And a mile from Bifhops- 
 cafile, towards Montgomeryy is a place call’d the 
 Bifliops mote. where is a very fteep and high 
 
 hill, like the Keep of a Caftle at the weft-end 5 
 and towards the eaft, near an acre of ground 
 is furrounded with an entrenchment. Thefe 
 are the marks which we have left, of this me- 
 morable Engagement.! 
 
 Ludlow. Next, is LudloiUy in Welfh Dinany and Lys- 
 t-wyfocy that is, the Prince’s Palace s it is feated 
 
 on one hand, and the dired road, through 
 this town, to Urkoniutn on the other ; whereas 
 he obferves, that Worcefter is forty miles out 
 of the way.l 
 
 Below Ludlovjy upon the river Te^ndy we fee 
 Burfordy which, from the pofterity of Theodo-Burford. 
 rick Say, defeended to Robert de Mortimer, 
 and from his heirs to Jeffrey de Cornubia, or 
 Cornwaile, of the lineage of Richard Earl ofcornwaile. 
 Corn-wall, and King of the Alemans , whofe heirs, 
 even to | our time have born the honourable 4 So faid, 
 title of Barons ; but not fuch as might At in ann. 1607. 
 Parliament. Buvjord is held of the King, to find Inq. 40 E. 2. 
 five men towards the army of IVales, and by 
 the fervice of a Barony, as appears by the In- 
 quiAtion. But obferve by the way, that 
 thofe who held an entire Barony, were for- 
 merly reputed Barons i and fome Sages of the 
 Common Law will have Baron and Barony, to Baron and 
 have been Conjugates, like Earl and Earldom, Baron/, 
 Duke and Dukedom, King and Kingdom. conjugates. 
 
 Here, 
 
6^9 
 
 SHROPSHIRE. 
 
 * Barley, C. 
 by miftake. 
 
 Cleybury, 
 
 Kinlet._ 
 Blunt (igni- 
 fies yellow 
 hair, in the 
 Norman 
 tongue. 
 Bridge, 
 morfe. 
 
 * Camden, 
 Somner. 
 
 f Is, C. 
 
 Dominit Mer- 
 Jorum. 
 
 [j Belifm, C. 
 
 Evelyn. 
 
 Willey, or 
 Willeley. 
 
 Here, Temd leaves Shrbpjhire and near its 
 banks, to the north, are hills of an eafy afeent, 
 call d Clee-hill, famous for producing the beft 
 
 * Pitcoal, and not without veins of Iron j [on 
 which are the remains of an ancient Camp.l 
 Ac the bottom of this, in a little village call’d 
 Cleybury, Hugh de Mortimer built a caftle, which 
 immediately King Henry the fecond fo entire- 
 ly dcmohfh’d, as a Nurfery of Rebellion, that 
 fcarce any remains of it are vifible at this 
 day. Kinlet, a feat of the Blunts, a name very 
 famous in thefe parts, and deriv’d from their 
 golden locks. This is a very ancient, honourable, 
 and numerous ^Family. Then we fee Brugmorfe, 
 commonly call’d Bridgnorth, on the right hand 
 bank of the Severn fo call’d of Burgh, and 
 Morfe lonce! a Foreft, adjoyning to it, [(but 
 now a Wafte, with fcarce a Tree upon it ;)] 
 being before call’d Burgh only. TLeland fays, 
 it was call’d in all old Records, Bridge : and 
 the more ancient name is that given it by the 
 Saxon Annals, Bpicge ; from which, by fome 
 of our* later Hiftorians it is term’d Brugge and 
 Bruggenorth ; the addition of north being made, 
 upon the building of fome bridge over the Se- 
 vern, fouth of this. The Caftle which was 
 built by the Danes Anno Spd, call’d in Saxon 
 Cpatbpicge, feems to be the very fame ; tho’ 
 
 * fome learned perfons are inclin’d to place it 
 
 at Cambridge in Glocelierlhire. For firft, It is 
 faid exprcfsly to be upon the Severn, whereas 
 Cambridge is two miles diftant j and befides, 
 this Caflle was probably built to guard the 
 pallage over the Severn. 2. The Canterbury- 
 copy reads it exprefsly BpiC5e, as the Chroni- 
 cles call it Brid^enortb j which is at this day 
 commonly nam a Brigge. And 3. As to the 
 former part of the word, there is a town 
 about a mile diftant call’d Quatford, and ano- 
 ther at two miles diftance call’d fo that 
 
 one may reafonably imagine Cpacbpicge Ihould 
 not be far off.l It f was enclos’d and forti- 
 fy’d with walls, a ditch, a large caftle, and 
 the river Severn, which, with a very fteep fall, 
 flows in among the rocks i fbut the walls and 
 caftle are now quite ruinated.l It ftands fe- 
 cure upon a rock, through which the ways 
 that lead into the upper part of the town,' 
 
 ,,wcre cut. It was firft built by Edeljieda, Lady 
 ’of the Mercians, and wall’d round by Robert 
 . de II Belefm, Earl of Shrewsbury 5 who, relying 
 ’’upon the ftrength of the place, revolted from 
 Henry the firft, as did afterwards Roger de 
 Mortimer from Henry the fecond, but both 
 without fuccefs ; for they were forced to fur- 
 render, and fo their Rebellions were fupprefs’d. 
 At the ftege of this caftle (as our Chronicles 
 tell us) King Henry the fecond had like to have 
 loft his life by an arrow, which being fhot at 
 him, was intercepted by a truly gallant man, 
 and lover of his Prince, Hubert de Saint-Clere, 
 who fav’d the King’s life by the lofs of his 
 own At this place alfo, Ralph de Pichford had 
 behav’d himfclffo valiantly, that ^ng Henry 
 the firft gave him little Brug near it, to hold 
 h the fe-rvice of finding dry wood for the great 
 chamber of the caftle of Brag, againfl the corning oj 
 his Soaieraign Lord the King. TNorthward trom 
 hence, is Evelyn ; from which place, the tami- 
 Iv of that name came mco Surrey, fome ages 
 fince along with the Onflows and Hattons-, 
 where thefe three feated themfelves near °ne 
 
 another, and have remain’d a long time.l ml- 
 
 i/«is not far from Bridgnorth, formerly the 
 (JeoS Warner of Willeley, from whofe pofte- 
 rity by the Harleys and PefiiaU it came to the 
 .famous family of the bacons, verj much 
 
 enrich’d by marriage with the heir ot Pafie 
 
 6^0 
 
 lew, and * afterwards improv’d by the pollef-* Lately, C. 
 fions of Sir y. Blunt of Kinlet, Kt. 
 
 Other caftles and towns lie fc.atter’d here- Caftles. 
 abouts, as New-caflle, Hopton-caflle, Shipton, and 
 Corvejham upon the river Corve (the gift of 
 King Henry the fecond to IValter de Clifford,) Lib. Inq. 
 Brancroft, and Holgot commonly call’d Howgate, 
 which formerly belong’d to the Mandutes, then 
 to Robert Burnel Bifhop of Bath, and after- 
 ward to the Lovels. 
 
 Higher up, ftands Wenhek, now famous for Wenlock.' 
 lime-ftone, but formerly, in Richard the fe- 
 cond’s time, for a copper-mine j and moft re- 
 markable in the Saxon times, for a very an- 
 cient Nunnery, where Milburga a devout Vir- William 
 gin, liv’d, and was bury’d : It was repair’d, 
 and fill’d with Monks, by Earl Roger de Mont- 
 gomery. rUpon the edge of Staffordffire, is the 
 Well of St. Kenelm, to whom the Kingdom of 
 Mercia fell at feven years of age. But Quen- ' 
 dred his fifter, praflifing with the young King’s 
 guardians, made him away. 
 
 Near Wenlock, at Brofeley, there hath beenPbilof.Tranf. 
 lately difeover’d a Burning well, which, being"* 334* 
 lighted, burns like the fpiric of wine, or bran-B^Jn®^’ 
 dy, and much exceeds the heat of other fire, 
 and boils any thing that is fet over it, much 
 fooner. If you put upon it green boughs, or 
 any thing clfe that will burn, it prefently 
 confumes them to allies. But yet the water, 
 of it felf, is extreme cold ; and allbon as ever 
 the fire is put out, it feels as cold,, as if no 
 fire had been there. Not far from hence, isl 
 Acion Burnell, a caftle of the and after- A£bonBw- 
 
 wards of the Levels, which was honour’d with 
 an Alfembly of Parliament in Edward the firft ’s 
 reign. FThe Houfe of Commons fat in a bam 
 then belonging to the Abbot of the Monaftery 
 of St. Peter and St. Paul, which is Hill ftand- 
 ing.l This family of the Burnels was very ho- Barons Bur- 
 nourable and ancient, and much enrich’d by nell. 
 the Bifliop befbre-meiition’d j but it was ex- 
 tindf in Edward the fecond’s reign, when Mawd 
 the heirefs marry ’d John Lovel for her firft 
 husband, and John Haudlow for her fecond, 
 whofe foil Nicholas took the name of Burnel j 
 from whom the Ratcliffs Earls of Suftex, and 
 others, derive their pedigree. Scarce a mile 
 from hence, is Langley, fituated low, and in a Langley, 
 woody park, the feat of the Leas, one of the 
 ancient and honourable families in thefe parts ; 
 fwhich is now extinfl.l Next is Condover, for- Condover. 
 merly a manour of the Levels, and * afterwards * Lately, C. 
 of Thomas Owen, one of the Juftices of the 
 Common Pleas, and a great lover of learning j 
 f who dying, left behind him a fon, Sir Roger f Who being 
 Owen, an excellent fcholar, and worthy of bath 
 
 excellent a father. It appears by the Records, ® * 
 that this is holden of the King in chief, "To 
 find two foot-foldiers for one day tovsards the army 
 of Wales, in time of war. A remark, which I 
 think proper to make once for all, That the 
 Gentry of thefe parts held their eftates of the 
 King of England by tenure, to aid him with 
 foldiers for defence of the Mirches, whenever a 
 war broke our between the Englifli and Welfh. , 
 
 Near this, is a little village call’d Pitchford,Vitz)\?oTi. 
 which formerly gave name to the ancient fa- 
 mily of the Pitchfords but is now the polfef- 
 fion of * the Otelies. Our Anceftors gave it the * r. Oteley,' 
 mme oi Pitchford, from a fpring of pitchy 
 ter ,* for in thofe days, they knew no diftin- 
 ftion between pitch and bitumen. And here is 
 a well in a poor man’s yard, upon which there bituminous 
 floats a fort of liquid bitumen, although it be well, 
 every day feumm’d off ; after the fame manner 
 as it doth, on the lake Afphaltites in yudaa, and 
 on a ftanding pool about Samofata, and on a 
 N n n n fpring 
 
6^1 
 
 CORNJVll 
 
 652 
 
 fpring by Agrigemum in Sicily : but the inhabi- 
 tants make no other ufe of it, than as pitch. 
 Whether it be a prefervative againft the Falling- 
 ficknefs, or be good for drawing and healing 
 of wounds (as that in Judaa is,) I know no 
 Phil. Tranr. ^^at has made the experiment. I Here, 
 
 n. 228. and in the adjacent places, there lies over moft 
 of the Coal-pits or Mines, a Stratum or Layer 
 of blackifh rock of which, by grinding and 
 boiling, they make pitch and tar, and from 
 which alfo a kind of Oil is diftill’d .1 More 
 eaft'NK'ard flands Pouderhache-cafilei now ruinated ; 
 Purle-bache. it was formerly call’d Purle-bachef and was the 
 feat of Ralph Butler^ younger fon of Ralph But- 
 ler of Wem from whom came the Butlers of 
 JVoodhall, in the County of Hertford. Below 
 Stiperfton’s this, Huckfiow forefl fetches a great compafs 
 I’d!- among the mountains where ^xStiperflons hill, 
 
 are great heaps of done, like little riling rocks, 
 very near one another : the Welfh call them 
 Cnrneddau teivion ; but I dare not fo much as 
 conjedure that thele, among others, were the 
 ftones which Giraldus Cambrenlis deferibes in 
 this manner ; Harald the lajiy onfoot^ vilth a com- 
 pany of foot, lightly arrnd, and flock’d loith fucb 
 provijions as the country afforded, marched round tfje 
 •whole Country of IVales, and through and through 
 it ; infomuch that he fcarce left any alive behind 
 him : in memory of winch total defeat, you find in 
 Wales many hillocks of ftones, after the ancient 
 manner, in the places where he obtain’d his viSiories } 
 and they bear this injeription : 
 
 Caurfo, 
 
 Roucon. 
 
 Rutunlum. 
 
 Abberbury 
 and Wat- 
 lesbury. 
 
 Brocards- 
 
 ca&le* 
 
 ■f- So faid, 
 ann. 1607. 
 
 HIC FVIT VICTOR HARALDVS. 
 
 At this place Harald was Conqueror. 
 
 More to the north, Caurfe-caftle is fituated, 
 the Barony of Peter Corbet, from whom it came 
 to the Barons of Stafford, f and lince to the 
 Lord Weymouth ; 1 and near it Routon, which 
 is very ancient, fituated upon the weftern bor- 
 ders of the Shire, not far from the Severn, and 
 formerly belonging to the Corbets, but now to 
 the ancient family of the Lifiers. Some rime 
 before, John L’EJirange of Knocking enjoy’d it -, 
 till, out of fpite to him, Leolin Prince of Wales 
 ras’d it to the ground, as we read in the Life 
 of Fulk Fitz,~Warin. We find it flourifhing by 
 the fame name in the time of the Romans, 
 being call’d Rutunium by Antoninus ; nor can 
 it be a miftake, fince both the name, and the 
 diftance from the famous Uriconium, do exadly 
 concur. Near this, is Abberbury-caftle j and 
 Watlesbury, which from the Corbets came to the 
 Leightons, Knights, an honourable family. It 
 feems to have taken its name from that Con- 
 fular-way, and the King’s high-road, call’d 
 WatlingBreet, which goes by this place into 
 the furthefi parts of Wales, as Ranulphus Ce- 
 ftrenfis fays. It runs through two fmall towns, 
 that f(like feveral others elfewhere)! are call’d 
 from it Strettons j between which, in a valley, 
 fome ruins are to be feen of an ancient caftle 
 call’d Brocards-cafile, furrounded with green 
 meadows, which were formerly fifh-ponds. But 
 thefe caftles, with others, too many to be rec- 
 kon’d up here (owing their decay to length 
 of time and an uninterrupted peace, and not 
 to the defolations of war,) are, generally, f rea- 
 dy to drop to the ground. 
 
 Now, pafling over the river Severn, we come 
 . to the fecond Divifion ; ■which lies * on this 
 fide the Severn, and (as we faid) belong’d to 
 the Cornavii. This likewife is divided into 
 two parrs by the river Fern, which flows from 
 north to fouth, and has its name from a large 
 pool in Staifordlhirc (fuch as we call Tearnes,) 
 
 where it begins. In the hithermoft or eaftern 
 part of thefe Divifions, near the plao; where 
 Fern and Severn joyn, ftood Uriconium ;i for fo (jriconium ' 
 Antoninus calls it, but Ptolemy Viroconi.um, and 
 Ninnius Caer Vruach j the Saxons c:all’d it 
 Ppeken-Ceapeep, txndi Vio Wreckceter and ^' 0 ^“Wroxceten' 
 ceter. It was the Metropolis pf the Cornavii, 
 and built probably by the R-omans, when they 
 fortify’d the bank of the Sevt-rn ; w'^hich is here: 
 fordable, and not any where lower toward the 
 mouth. But this being fhatter’d by the Sa- 
 xon wars, * was quite deftfoy’d in thofe of the' ^ 
 
 Danes, fprobably by Burnkng', the way wher<> 
 fire has gone, being ftill difcernible by tire 
 blackiiefs and ranknefs of the foil.l It is now a 
 very little village, and meanly inhabited but 
 they frequently plow-up ancient coins, which 
 bear witnefs of its antiquity. fSome of thefe 
 are of gold, though but rarely found ; forne of 
 ftotie, red, green, blue, and others <of fil- 
 ver, which are very commonly met with ; and 
 the reft of brafs, copper, and mix’d rr/etals. 
 
 They are call’d by the inhabitants DynderSi 
 and are fo worn and decay’d, that there is not 
 one in ten found, the Infcription whereof is 
 perfeftly legible, or the Image diftin.guifhable^ 
 
 Amongft all thefe (as I have the account from 
 a perfon who has been an eye-witnefs) there 
 is not one but what is Roman j from whence 
 they that contend for the antiquity of Shrews- 
 bury, which, rofe out of the ruins of this, do 
 infer, that the deftruftion of this city was be- 
 fore the coming over of the Saxons, or at la- 
 teft, in their wars with the Tdritains j for if it 
 had concinm’d till the Danifh times, there 
 would certainly have been fome of the Saxon 
 Coins mix’d amongft thofe of the Romans. 
 
 And the Saxon name ppekeiiceapcep (from 
 whence the prefent Wroxeter flows) perhaps 
 may imply, that it was, when they came, ppje- 
 Ce6, that is, wrack’d and defiroy’d ; unlefs we 
 may fay, that this name is moulded out of the 
 old Uriconium. 
 
 But whenever it was demolifh’d, it hath cer- 
 tainly been a place of great Note and Anti- 
 quity : Upon fearching into their places of 
 btirial, there hare been teeth taken out of the 
 jaw-bones of men near three inches long, and 
 three inches about j and thigh-bones have been 
 lately found by the inhabitants of a full yard 
 in length. Their way of burying the dead, 
 bodies here (when they did not burn the corps, 
 and put the afhes in urns) has been obferv’d 
 to be this. Firft, they made a deep wide 
 grave, in the bottom whereof they fix’d a bed 
 of very red clay, and upon that laid the body. 
 
 With the fame fort of clay they cover’d it ; 
 teiicing the clay with a fort of thin flats againft 
 the earth or mould, which otherwife would 
 have been apt to break through it to the dead 
 body. Laftly, they fill’d the grave, and co- 
 ver’d it with great ftones, fometimes five or fix 
 upon a grave, which are now funk into the 
 earth. Some part of the bones thus inter’d, 
 which have happen’d to lie dry in the duffc 
 or clay, remain pretty found to this day. As 
 to the Urns j feveral have been found whole 
 in the memory of man, when they have had 
 occafion to dig three or four foot deep in their 
 fandy land. For as the dead corps here bu- 
 ry *d, are in red clay j fo are their urns lodg’d 
 in a red fand. A few years fince, in a place phi|,xranf. 
 where a piece of land was obferv’d tO' ben. 306, 
 more barren than the reft, they found, in dig- 
 ging, a fquare room, wall’d about, with four 
 ranks of fmall brick pillars to fupporc a double 
 floor made of mortar j which is fuppos’d to 
 
 have 
 
<5^3 
 
 
 * Sepitmplic. 
 Srztunfiico- 
 rum ording. 
 
 Here is nothing to be fern of the ancient 
 City buta tew remains of broken walls call’d 
 
 the midTo?’ir^'"f fnej 
 
 tne midlt ot it, about twenty foot hi<>h and 
 
 'm feven rows without, and arch’d within 
 after the fafh.on of the Britains. That in 
 the p ace where thefe are, there was former v 
 a caftle, is probable from the uneavennefs dt‘ 
 the ground, the heaps ot earth, and, here and 
 there, the rubbilh of walls. The plot where 
 this city flood, is no fmall fpot of ground, fbut 
 about three miles in circumference ; the walls 
 built upon a foundation for the moft part 
 and^ a * KbUe-floncs, about three yards tfock, 
 and a vaft trench round, which in feme places 
 appears exceeding deep to this day.] This plot is 
 a blacker earth than the reft, and yields the 
 largeft crops of the beft barley. Below this 
 city, fas hath been fuppos’d,] went the Roman 
 military high-way call d IVatlmg-flrm, either 
 
 tnro a ford, or over a bridge, direftly to the 
 Strattons belore-mention’d, that is, towns feated 
 by the Street ; the foundation of which bridge 
 was t lately difcover’da little above, in fetting 
 a fTear (for fo they call a fifoing-dam) in the 
 river : but now there is no tr.ack of the Way 
 I And It IS true, that there is ftill difcernible 
 111 the bottom of the Severn, at low-water, 
 the foundation of a flone-work ; which is pro- 
 bably the remains of a bridge ; but yet it is 
 obfetv’d, with great certainty, th.it the road 
 went through the midft of the city, and fo 
 through the ford now caiX’d moxeter-ford ; as 
 IS plainly to be difcover’d by the old Strait- 
 way, pointing exaftly upon it, on each fide 
 of the river.] This ancient name of 
 IS more manifeft in a neighbouring mountain 
 Wiekenhlll. fabont a mile oft]] call’d Wreken-hill, and by 
 fome Gilberts-MU, which gradually falls into a 
 pleafant level, and yields an entertaining pro 
 
 Topf^ or rhp nlninc okrtTi*- .'f T . i_„ 
 
 Stratton. 
 
 •f So faid, 
 ann, 1607. 
 
 — <^54 
 
 Sefs^^'^Rin K foe its 
 
 of fl'^lies upon the bank 
 
 or It, lies D.amni where, during the Civile • 
 
 wars between the houfes of and 
 
 ttv of to the Gen- 
 
 wforl rS ?? ’ « « hard to fay 
 
 mTmioi 
 
 «id which Snr^ of Hunlgdorcdls DM 
 Lower down, and pretty near the tern, lies Hoi- 
 name f Gentlemen of that Hodnat. 
 
 wTnVerir “ ‘==‘"16 
 
 kid of bhe yirnons. It was formerly la„. joEda. 
 
 tbeHonourof Momgomay, by the fervice ’ 
 
 ofbemg Steward of that Honour. The tern, af- 
 ter that, palling by fome fmall villages, is 
 oyn d by a rivulet call’d Rodan ; and Ifter it 
 wh.vT’ “ f "" fnrtlier, near Vriconium 
 
 which we have fpoken of before, it falls into 
 the Severn. Not far from the head of this 
 river Rttdan, ftands Wim, where (were theWem 
 marks ot an intended caftle, [of which no-f Ate. C. 
 thing IS now to be feen, but the bank it flood * 
 on.l It was the Barony of Wiiliam Pantubh 
 about the beginning of the Norman times, 
 trom whofe poftenty it came at length to the 
 Butlers ; and trom them, by the Ferrers oiOufeley 
 and the Barons of Greyftock, to the Barons Da- 
 cre otGilkJland. [The title of this Barony was 
 given by King James the fecond to Sir George 
 Jewries, Lord Chancellor of England ; to whom 
 the Manour and Royalty did' alfo belong.l A 
 little diflant from this, upon a woody hill, or 
 rather rock (which was anciently calfd Rad- 
 
 fjffr\ r, _ f • » « 
 
 ,-fT\ n . VY.XO «ilWiCULiy caiia Afla- 
 
 fpea of theypid;; ifom s; rb.;i;g::r‘Lrami Si tt a « 
 
 xltXm Caftle Rous' ■, hererofme “tht 
 
 Bildas. 
 
 Dalaley. 
 
 This hill runs out into a great length, and is 
 thick cloach'’d with trees : and under it, where 
 the Severn rowls along, at Buldewas, common- 
 ly callM Bildas, was formerly a noted Mo- 
 naflery, the burying-place of tiie Burnelsy a fa- 
 mous family, and Patrons of it. Above it is 
 a Lodge, call’d IVatling-fireet, from its fituation 
 upon the publiek Street or military high-way •, 
 and hard by, are the remains of Dalaley-caflley 
 which, upon the Attainder of Richard Earl 
 of Arundel, King Richard the fecond by Adt 
 of .Parliament annex’d to the Principality of 
 Chefler, which he had eredeed. Not far from 
 the foot of this hill, in a deep valley, and upon 
 Okenyate. that Roman military high-way, is Okenyatey a 
 fmall village, noted for the plenty of pit-coal 
 that it affords j whicli, by its low fituation, 
 and that diftance w'hich Antoninus fays Uj- 
 Qcona is from Urkonium and Pennocruciumy muft 
 Uf-ocona. undoubtedly be the fame w'ith Vf-ocomy ffwrit- 
 f Burt. Itin. ten alfo, according to feveral Copies, Ufocconay 
 and Uxaccom.l Nor does the name make againft 
 this conjeclure ; for the word 2V, \s'hich in 
 Welfh fignifics Lowy feems to be added to ex- 
 prefs its low fituation. On the other fide, 
 Charleton. under this hill, appears Charleton-cafiky ancient- 
 ly belonging to the Charktons Lords of Fowls : 
 and more eaflward, towards Staftbrdihire, is 
 Tong, "fong-cafiley call’d formerly and repair’d 
 
 * So faid * by Vernons ; as likewife 
 
 ann. i6o7- was the College w'ithin the town, of which the 
 Penhriges (as 1 have read) were the firfl Found- 
 ers. The inhabitants boaft of nothing more. 
 
 /• r L 3 ncicLoiore me 
 
 leac of the Audkys (by the bounty of Mawd 
 the Stranger or Le-firange;) but now there is 
 nothing to be feen, but decay’d walls. Scarce 
 a mile from hence, is a fpot of ground where 
 a fmall City once flood, the very ruins of 
 which are almoft gone j but the Roman Coins 
 found there, with fuch bricks as they us’d in 
 building, are evidences of its Antiquity, and 
 Founders. The people of the neighbour- 
 hood call it Beryy from Burgh ; and affirm it 
 to have been very famous in King Arthur’s 
 days. 
 
 After that, upon the fame river, appears 
 Alorton-Corhety a caflie of the Oorbets ; where, Morton- 
 t within the memory of man, Robert Corbet, to 
 gratify his curiofity in Archite^ure, began a . . . 
 noble building, much more large and fplendid Inn. 1607 . 
 than the former ; but death, countermanding 
 his defigns, took him oft; and fo his projeit 
 was left uiihnifh’d. fin the late Civil Wars, 
 being made a Garrifon, it was almoft ruin’dl 
 The family’ of thefe Corbets is ancient, and of 
 great eminence, in this Shire j and held large 
 Pofleffions by fealty, of Roger de Montgomery 
 Earl thereof; about the coming in of the Nor- 
 mans j vix.. Roger Fitz,-Corbet held Uuelebec,Corhet 
 Hundejlity AEiun, Femlegy &c. Robert Fitx,~Cor~P^‘^^°'”^'^> 
 bet iield lands in Uleflanfion, RotUngbop, Bran- 
 ten, Vdecot. More to the fouch, lies ArcoS, theArcoll 
 feat of the Newports Knights ; I of whom. Sir 
 Richard Newport was, in the reign of King 
 Charles the firfl, created a Baron of this 
 Realm, by the title of Lord Newport of 
 
 High- 
 
655 
 
 6^6 
 
 CO RN AV II. 
 
 Hagmond 
 
 Abbey. 
 
 High-Enall ; whofe fon Francis was created by_ 
 King Charles the fecond Vifcount Newport ot 
 Bradford^ and, by King William and Queen 
 Mary, further advanced to the dignity of £arl 
 of Bradford!] In the neighbourhood of Arcol, is 
 Hagmond-AUey, which was well endow’d, d 
 not founded, by the Fitto-Alaner. Not much 
 lower, is plcafantly fituated upon the Severn, 
 the Metropolis of this County (rifen out of the 
 ruins of old Uricoiiium,') which we now call, 
 Shrewsbury, in a fmoother way, Shrewsbury and Shrowslury ; 
 
 but our Anceftors call’d it bcpobbep-bypig, 
 becaufe the hill it Hands on was well wooikd. 
 From whence alfo the Greeks nam’d their Bejja j 
 and the Britains call’d this city Penguernei that 
 is, a brow of Alders where likewife was a 
 noble Palace of the lame name : but how it 
 comes to be call’d in Welfh Tnt-withigj and by 
 the Normans Scropesbery^ Sloppesburyj and Salop^ 
 and in Latin Salopia, I know not ; unlefs they 
 be deriv’d from the old word Scrobbes-berigt 
 differently wrefted. Yet feme Criticks^in the 
 Welfh tongue, imagine that it was call d Tm~ 
 withig (as much as Placentia^) from the Welfh 
 Mwithau ; and that their Bards gave it that 
 name, becaufe the Princes of Wales delighted 
 moft in this place. It is feated on a hill, the 
 earth of which is of a reddifh colour. The 
 Severn is here pafiable by two fair bridges, and 
 embracing it almoft round, makes it a Penin- 
 iula, as Leland, our Poet and Antiquary, de- 
 feribes it ; 
 
 Edita Pinguemi late fafligia fplendenty 
 Urbs Jita lunato ojeluti mediamnis in orbey 
 Colie tumet modico, duplici quoque ponte fu- 
 
 perbity 
 
 Accipiens patria Jihi lingua nomen ah alnU. 
 
 Far off its lofty walls proud Shrewsbury 
 fhows, 
 
 Which ftately Severns cryftal arms en- 
 clofe. 
 
 Here two fair bridges awe the fubjeft 
 flream, 
 
 A.nd Aider-trees bellow’d the ancient 
 name. 
 
 f So tliought, 
 ann, 1607. 
 
 Nor is it only flrong by nature, but well 
 fortif)’d by art j for Roger de Montgomeryy who 
 had it given him by the Conqueror, built a 
 Caftle in the north part of the Town, up- 
 on a riling | rock f (tho’ now the bank appears 
 outwardly to be nothing but a foft mould, for 
 the moft part fandy ; )1 after he had pull d down 
 about fifty houfes for that end ; whofe fon 
 Robert, when he revolted from Henry the firft, 
 enclos’d it with walls on that lide where the 
 Severn does not defend it j which were never 
 afl'aulted, that I know of, but in the Barons 
 wars againft King John. TNow it is wall d 
 quite round, though not very ftrongly ; and 
 where the river doth not fence it (i. e. on the 
 neck of the peninfula) is the Caftle.l When 
 the Normans firft fettled here, it was a well- 
 built and well frequented City ; for it appears 
 by Domefday-book, that it was tax’d at 7/. 
 16 s. to the King, yearly. There were reckon’d 
 two hundred and fifty tw'o Citizens ; twelve 
 of w horn were bound to keep guard when the 
 Kings of England came hither, and as rnany 
 to attend him in hunting; which I believe 
 w'as firft occafion’d by one Edrick Sueonay a 
 Mercian Duke, but a profligate villain; who 
 not long before, fabout the year ioo«5l had 
 way-lay ’d Prince Aljhelmy and flain him as he 
 was hunting. At which time (as appears by 
 
 the fame book) there was a cuftom in this 
 city, T'hat howfoever a woman marry d, if a wi- 
 dow, fie fiould pay to the King twenty fiillings 1 
 but if a virginy ten fiilUngSy howfoever fie took a 
 husband ; fof which Cuftom, there are not now 
 the leaft remains.l But to return ; the faid 
 Earl Roger not only fortify’d it, but improv d 
 it much in Buildings both publick and pri- 
 vate ; and founded a beautiful Monaftery de- 
 dicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, and endow d 
 it with large Polfeffions, as alfo with the 
 Church of St. Gregory ; according^ to the jollow- 
 ing tenor (fo a private hiftory of this Mona- 
 ftery expreftes it) ‘That m the Prebendaries there- 
 of fiould die, the Prebends fiould go to the Monks. 
 
 From which arofe no fmall conteft, upon the 
 Prebendaries fons fuing the Monks, to fucceed 
 their fathers in thofe Prebends ; for at that 
 time Prebendaries and Priefts in England were 
 not oblig’d to Celibacy, and it was grown into 
 a Cuftom for Ecclefiaftical Benefices to defeendprebenas in- 
 hereditarily to the next of blood. But this heritable, 
 controverfy was fettled in Henry the firft s 
 reign, That heirs ihould not inherit Ecclefia- 
 ftical Benefices : about which time, laws were 
 alfo enafted, obliging Clergy-men to Celibacy. 
 
 [The very marks of the Church of St. Gregory 
 aforefaid, are quite gone ; unlefs it was mifta- 
 ken for St. Giles’s, yet ftanding in the fame 
 Parifh, tho’ ruinous, and which, fome affirm, 
 was the ancient Parifh-Church ; the Church- 
 yard thereof being their common place of Bu- 
 rial.1 Afterwards, other Churches were built 
 here ; and, to pafs by the Convents of Do- 
 minican, Francifean, and Auguftine Friers, 
 founded by the CharhonSy feneviUs, and Staj- 
 fords; here w^eretw'O Collegiate Churches eredl- 
 ed ; St. Chad’s, with a Dean and ten Preben- 
 daries; and St. Mary’s, with a Dean and nine 
 minor Prebendaries. TBefides which, there are 
 two other Parifli-Churches within the Walls, 
 
 St. Alkman’s and St. Julian’s^ At this day, it 
 is a fine City, well inhabited, and of good 
 commerce ; and, by the induftry of the Citi- 
 zens, and their Cloath-manufafture, and their 
 trade W'ith the Wellh, is very rich ; for hither 
 the Welfh-commodities are brought, as to the 
 common Mart of both Nations. Its inhabi- 
 tants are partly Englilh, partly Wellh : they 
 ufe both Languages ; and this, among other 
 things, muft be mention’d in their praife, that 
 they t ereded one of the largeft Schools in •{- Have creft- 
 England for the education of youth; for which, ed, C. 
 Thomas Aflon, the firft School-mafter, a perfon 
 of great worth and integrity, provided by his 
 own induftry a competent Salary. fThe prefenc 
 School (a fair ftately ftone building, ereded 
 and endow’d by Queen Elizabeth) hath one 
 Maftcr and three Under-mafters ; with a very 
 good Library. The Buildings and Library are 
 not inferior to many Colleges in the Univer- 
 fities : befides which, there are very good hou- 
 fes for the School-mafters belonging to it. About 
 four or five miles diftaiit, at a place call’d Grin- 
 fiiUy there is another School-houfe built of the 
 fame white ftone ; whither the Matters and 
 Scholars may repair, in cafe any contagious di- 
 ftemper, or other caufe, fhould render it un- 
 fafe for them to ftay in the town.l When 
 Henry Percy tlie younger rebell’d againft Henry 
 the fourth, and was about to ftorm this City 
 (tho* the King had made the walls exceeding 
 flrong;) by a turn of Fortune, he was pre- 
 vented, and his meafures broken in a trice. 
 
 For the King himfelf was fuddenly at his heels 
 
 with an army ; whom the rafh youth jhe battel of 
 
 after a long and lharp difpute defpaird ot 
 
 fuccefs. 
 
657 
 
 SHROPSHIRE. 6$8 
 
 fuccefs, and wilfully fought, his own death. 
 I'he place, from this battel, is yet callM Battk- 
 fieldy where the King afterwards built a Cha- 
 pel, and fettled two ?riefls to pray for the fouls 
 of the flain. Shrewsbury is ao degr. and 37 
 rain, diftant from the Azores, and 52 degr. 
 and 53 min. from the ^Equator. 
 
 I know not whether it is worth my while, 
 and not foreign to my purpofe, to tell you, 
 that out ot this city came the Svjeating-jicknefsi 
 in the year 1551, which fpread it felf through- 
 out the whole Kingdom, and w^as particularly 
 fatal to middle-aged perfons. They who had 
 it, cither dy’d or recover’d in the fpace of 
 twenty-four hours. But there W'as a fpeedy 
 remedy found out. That they who were taken 
 ill in the day-time, fliould immediately go to 
 bed in their deaths, and they who licKen’d in 
 the night fhould lie out their four and twenty 
 hours in bed, but were not to fleep at all. 
 The rnoft eminent Phyiicians are puzzled about 
 the c.aufe of this diftemper : thei'e are fome, 
 who aferibe it to the chalky grounds in Eng- 
 land, which yet are very rare. They tell you, 
 H. Fracaflo- ‘That in fome certain moifi confiitutionSy the jubtk 
 hut corrupt fleams that evaporate jmn that fort of 
 joily which are very pierchtg and contagiousy either 
 iufeti the animal fpiritSy or the thin frothy Serum 
 of the blood : Buty be the caufe what it wiUy it is 
 ?noJi certain there is fome analogy between it and the 
 fubtle parts oj the bloody which occafonsy in fo fmall 
 a fpace m twenty-four hoursy the expiration either 
 of the Patient or the Difeafe. But let others en- 
 quire into thefe matters ; for my part, I have 
 + So faid, obferv^d it thrice, f in the laft age, rife, 
 ann. 1607. throughout the kingdom of England, and I 
 doubt not but it had been fo before, tho’ we 
 do not find it recorded. I obferve it firft in 
 the year 1485, w'herein Henry the feventh 
 began his reign, fome time after a great con- 
 junction of the fuperior Planets in Scorpio j fe- 
 condly, lefs violent (but accompany’d with the 
 Plague) in the 33d year after, namely 1518, 
 after a great oppofition of the fame Planets in 
 Scorpio and Taurus, at which time it w'as 
 likewife rife in the Low-Countries and Germany ; 
 a-nd laftly, 33 years after that, in the year 
 1551, while another conjundtioii of the fame 
 Planets in Scorpio fhew’d its malignant influ- 
 ences. But enough has been faid of this \ 
 which will feem trifling to thofe who have no 
 relifli of experimental learning. 
 
 Near this city, the river Severn has a great 
 many windings, bur efpecially at Koffaly where 
 it fetches fuch a compafs, that it almoft returns 
 into it felf \ fand well nigh enclofes a large 
 plot of ground of feveral miles in compafs, 
 call’d, for that reafon. The Ifle^ Hereabouts, 
 are thofe old-fafhion’d boats, call’d in Latin 
 Flotes. Rates, i. e. Flotes, made of rough timber planks, 
 joyn’d together with light ribs of wood, which 
 convey carriages with the ftream. The ufe 
 and name of them was brought by the Englifh 
 from the Rhine in Germany, where they have 
 the fame name of Flotes ; fbut they are fel- 
 dom feen here, of late. The fifhermeii in thefe 
 Coracle^ parts ufe a fmall thing call’d a Coracle, in which 
 one man being feared, will row himfelf with 
 incredible fwiftnefs with one hand, whilfl with 
 the other he manages his, net, angle, or other 
 fifhing-tackle. It is of a form almoft oval, 
 made of fplit Sally-twigs interwoven (round 
 at the bottom,) and on that part which iS next 
 the water, it is cover’d with a horfe-hide. It 
 is about five foot in length, and three in breadth j 
 and is fo light, that, coming oft the water, 
 they take them upon their backs, and carry 
 them hbme.l 
 
 SatdeSel^. 
 
 Sweating- 
 
 ficknefs. 
 
 Near the river, ftands Shr’awerden, a caftleShrawerileB. 
 formerly of the Earls of Arundel, which after- 
 W'ards belong.’d to the moft honourable Tho- 
 mas Bromley, fometime Lord Chanceilour of 
 England: and Knocking, ^ bUilt by the Lords Knocking. 
 
 L Eflrange, from whom it came by inheritance 
 to the Stanleys Earls of Derby. 
 
 And not tar from hence, is over W'hicliNeffe, 
 there hangs a craggy rock, with a noted cave ; 
 this place, together with Chejwerden, King Hen- 
 ry the fecond gave to John L’EJirange, from Barons 
 W'hom^are defeended tho moft noble families, b’Eftrange 
 the L'EJlrnnges oi Knocking, Avindelegby Elkfmer,‘^° 
 
 Blak 7 ncre, Lutheham, and Hunjianton in Norfolk. 
 
 But from thofe of Knocking (by the death of 
 the laft of them without iflUe-male) the inhe- 
 ritance defeended by foan, a foie daughter, and 
 wife of George Stanley, to the Earls of Derby. 
 
 At a greater diftance from the river, towards 
 the weftern bounds of this County, lies 0/-Ofwefire. 
 wefire or Ofwaldftre, in Welfh Croix Ofwalde ; a 
 little town enclos’d with a wall and a ditch, 
 and fortify’d with a fmall caftle. It is a place ' 
 of good traffick, for IVelfi^ottons efpecially, Wel/h- 
 which are of a very fine, thin, or (if you -will) Cottons, 
 of a ^'flight texture-, of which great quantities* Leviaenfa?, 
 are weekly vended here. It derives its name fi placet, vo-' 
 from Ofwald King of the Northumbrians (but,^®** 
 more anciently, it was call’d Maferfield which Maferficid. 
 Ofwald was by Penda the Pagan Prince of the 
 Mercians (after he had flain him in a hot engage- 
 ment) ^ torn limb from limb with the utmoft 
 barbarity ; and that gave occafion to thofe ver- 
 fes of a Chriftian Poet of fome antiquity : 
 
 Cujus abfeiffum caput, abfcijfofque lacer- 
 
 Ofwald rtaift, 
 
 Et tribus affixes palis pendere cruentus 
 
 Penda fubet ; per quod reliquis exempta re- 
 linquat 
 
 Tenoris mahifefla fui, regemque heatum 
 
 EJfe prohei niiferum : fed caufamfdUit «- 
 tramque. 
 
 XJkor enim fratris minime timet Ofwius 
 ilium, 
 
 hno timere facit, nec Rex mifer, imo bea- 
 tits 
 
 EJl, qui fonte boni fruitur femel, & fne 
 fine. 
 
 Whofe head all black with gofe and man- 
 gled hands. 
 
 Were fix’d on ftakes at Penda s curft com- 
 mands. 
 
 To ftand a fad example to the reft. 
 
 And prove him wretched who is ever 
 bleft. 
 
 Vain hopes Were both ! for Ofw/& hap- 
 pier cafe 
 
 Stop’d the proud Vidof, and renew’d the 
 war. 
 
 Nor hini mankind will ever wretched 
 Own, 
 
 Who wears a peaceful and eternal crown. 
 
 It feems to have been firft built upoii a Re- See in Nor- 
 ligious account; for the CImftians of that age thumberland* 
 look’d upon it aS holy : and Bede has told us, ^ 
 that fome miracles were wrought in the place 
 where Ofwald was kill’d. It Was built by 
 Madoc the brother of Mereduc (according to 
 Carodocm Lancabernenfs -,) and the Fitz.-Alanes, 
 
 NormanS, who were afterwards Lords of it 
 and Earls of Arundel, enclos’d it with a wall. 
 
 THere (f faith Leland) is St. Ofwald’s Church, f Itin. MS., 
 a very fair building leaded, with a tower- 
 fteeple : but it ftands without the new gate ; 
 fo that no Church is within the town. It 
 
 O O O O 
 
659 
 
 CORNJFH. 
 
 660 
 
 EcHpres in 
 Aries. 
 
 was fometime a Monaftery call’d the IVhite- 
 niinfleYy and was afterwards turn’d to a Parifh- 
 Church.l It is obfervable, that the Eclipfcs 
 of the Sun in Aries have been very fatal to 
 this place; for in the years 1542, and i 5 < 57 , 
 when the Sun was eclipfed in that Sign, it 
 fufter’d yery much by fire ; and after the lat- 
 ter Eclipfe of the two, the fire fpread fo far, 
 that about two hundred houfes, in the Town 
 * Ai Cir- and Suburbs, were confumM. Below this, * to 
 cium, the north-weft, is a hill entrench’d with a tri- 
 Hcn-dinas. pie ditch, call’d Hen-dincUy that is, the ancient 
 H Aubrey’s Palace, flllt is every way rifing, the form W'here- 
 Monumenta ofis an oblong fquare, encompafs’d with 3 great 
 MS. one higher than another. The fpace 
 
 within, is about fcven acres .1 The inhabitants 
 thereabouts think it was once a City ; but 
 others judge it to have been the Camp, either 
 of Pe-fidiiy or Ofwahly fand the Tradition is, that 
 this place was the laft Retreat of the Bri- 
 ■Wbittington.'‘^“i‘^s. 1 Scarce three miles olf, ftands Whitting- 
 ton, not long fince a caftle of the Fitz^-Warrens, 
 who derive their pedigree trom Warren de 
 APetZy a Lorainer : he cook to wile the heirefs 
 ol William Pevereh who is faid to have built 
 it, and had illuc by her, Fulk, the father of 
 The life of the renown’d Fulk Fitz.-Warren, whofe various 
 Fw/fe written Fortune in War, was matt-. r of great admira- 
 in French, j-jou among our Anceftors. In Henry the third’s 
 reign, there was a Commiflion to Fulk Fitz.~ 
 Warreny to fortify the caftle of Whittington fufi- 
 
 Lord Tdlhotty Lord Furni'vally Lord Verdotiy Lord 
 Strange of Blackmeroy and Marfhal of Francey 
 viho dy’d in battely at Burdews, Vlh of fuly, 
 MCQCCLllL 
 
 Thefe Talbots many years ago came, by mar- 
 riage, CO the Inheritance of the Barons L’Eflrange 
 of Blacbnere, in this place. For they were L’Eilrangeof 
 Lords Marchers in this County ; and their feat Blacktnere. 
 is feen in this neighbourhood, and call’d 
 merey from a Lake of blackifh water, but f now 4 So faid, 
 almoft quite ruin’d. This family was much ann. 1607. 
 ennobled, and their Eftate encreas’d, by mar- 
 riage with a daughter and coheir of John Gif- 
 fard of Brimsfieldy of an honourable and an- 
 cient Family in Glocefterftiire, whofe wife 
 Alawd was the only daughter of JValter Clif- 
 ford the third. 
 
 _More to the eaft, lies a fmall tnuft 
 
 of rich and fertile ground, which (according 1205. 
 to the Chefter-Cnronicle,) King John fettled, 
 together with the caftle, upon Lewellin Prince 
 of North-Wales, w'hen he made the match be- 
 tween him and his natural daughter. Then, 
 it came to the VEJlranges ; and f after that had 4 Now hath, 
 j its Baron Thomas Egertony who for his fingu- C. 
 lar wifdom and integrity, was by Queen Eli- 
 zabeth made Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, 
 and afterwards by King James fthe firft! ad- 
 vanced to the higheft dignity of the Long-robe, 
 by being made Lord Chancellor, and created 
 
 ciently, as appears by the Clofe-rolls in the filch Irfirft] Baron of Ellejmer ; fand then,- Vifeount Baron of 
 Barons Fiti- year of that King’s reign. The Barony o's\Brackley 'y whofe pofterity do ftiil enjoy thofe 
 Warren. FitzrWdrrens ix\ a female ; having! ties, with the additional one of Earl of Bridg- 
 
 Sbenton. 
 
 White- 
 
 church. 
 
 4 So faid, t pafs’d from the Hanefordsy to 
 
 ann. 1607. the Bourchiersy * Earls of Bath. Below this 
 * Now Earls, caftle, Wrenoc the fon of Meuric, held certain 
 lands by the fervice of being Latimer between the 
 Englilh and Welfli, th.at is, Interpreter. This 
 I remark from an old Inquilitioii, for the bet- 
 Thefignifica- ter underftanding of the name Latimer ; which 
 tion of lari- few know, tho’ it is a name very famous in 
 this kingdom. Upon the North-bounds of 
 this Shire, ftands firft, Shenton, a feat of the ' 
 Needhamsy a famous family, fof which, was Sir 
 Robert Needham Knight, who had confiderable 
 Commands during the war in Ireland, under 
 Queen Elizabeth. He was afterwards Vice- 
 Prelident of the Council in the Marches of 
 Wales, and created by King Charles the firft, 
 Vifeount Ktlmorey : To him fucceeded "fhomoi 
 his fon, who built a noble Houfe in this place, 
 and was fucceeded by Robert Vifeount Kil- 
 morcy his fon.l Next, White-churchy or the 
 white Monaftery, famous for fei'eral monu- 
 ments of the FalbotSy but more particularly for 
 that of our Englifli Achilles John falbot, the 
 firft Earl of Shre-wsbury of this family, whofe 
 Epit.aph I here infert ; not that it comes up to 
 the charader of fuch a Hero, but only for a 
 Specimen, to fhew how the ftile of every 
 age varies, in framing their monumental In- 
 feriptions. 
 
 ORATE PRO ANIMA PR.ENOBILIS 
 DOMINI, DOMINI lOANNIS TAL- 
 BOTT QVONDAM COMITIS SALO- 
 PI.E, DOMINI TALBOTT, DOMINI 
 FVRNTVALL, DOMINI VERDON, DO- 
 MINI STRANGE DE BLACKMERE, ET 
 MARESCHALLI FRANCIS, QVI OBIIT 
 IN BELLO APVD BVRDEWS VII. IVLII 
 MCCCCLHI. 
 
 That is. 
 
 Pray for the foul of the right honourable Lordy 
 Lord John T'albott, fometime Earl of Shrewsburyy 
 
 water.1 
 
 To fay fomewhat briefly of the Earls of Earls of 
 Shrewsbury: Roger de Belefn or Shrewsbury, 
 
 was created by William the Conqueror, firft 
 Earl of Shrewsbury ; who alfo had the greaceft 
 part of this traif beftow’d on him. His eldeft 
 Ion Hugh was his immediate fuccelfor, but was 
 afterwards ftain in Wales, leaving no iflue be- 
 hind him. Next, was Robert, another of his 
 fons, a man barbarouily cruel both towards his 
 own fons, aud his hoftages, whofe eyes he 
 pull’d out, and then gelded them, with his 
 own hands. But at laft, being attainted of 
 High Treaibn, lie was punifh’d by King Henry 
 the firft with perpetual imprifonment, where 
 his fufterings were a juft judghient upon him 
 for his inhuman Cruelties. 
 
 * The revenues of the Earldom were trans-* Malm.Hift, 
 fer’d to Queen Adelix.ia, for her dower. Many Novel, f. 99. 
 ages after, King Henry the fixth, in the twen- 
 tieth year of his reign, confer’d this honour 
 upon John Lord 'Talbot, who by nature, as 
 well as his own choice, f (eem’d to have beent Seems, C. 
 deftin’d for military achievements. And in the 
 24'** year of his reign, he encreas’d his honours, 
 by adding to his title of Earl of Shrewsbury and 
 Weisjord, that of Earl of Waterford, ami the 
 Barony of Dongarvan, and the Lieutenancy of 
 Ireland. He was afterwards ftain in a battel 
 at Chaftillon in Aquitain, with his younger fon 
 John, Vifeount L'ijle, after he had carry’d his 
 Trophies of Viftory over a great part of Fr.ance, 
 for four and twenty years together. His fon 
 John fucceeded him (whole mother was the 
 daughter and coheir of Thomas Nevil Lord 
 Furnivall ; } but he, efpoufing the intereft of 
 the houfe of Lancafter, loft his life in the bat- 
 tel of Northampton. To him was born John 
 the third Earl of Shrewsbury, and Gilbert, from 
 whom the Talbots of Grafton are defeended. 
 
 Next, fucceeded George, and after him Francis 
 his fon, the father of George Talbot Earl of 
 Shrewsbury, a perfoii of untainted honour^ and 
 
 great 
 
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66 1 
 
 CHESHIRE. 
 
 great experience in the weiehtv afl-i iVc nt- vi- ► 
 
 puits, C. frit A°' ''inue. 
 
 £d in this honour by fiiuiiriihis brother; but 
 he alfo dy dwuhout iflue feviving ; and the 
 chief branch of this noble family being thus 
 «tina ffr«jxarn/i»i of Grafim L WoLfter- 
 ftire, lineal heir to Sir Gilbert ralbot, fecond 
 fon to the famous John, fucceeded ; who dy- 
 ing alfo without iflue, his nephew John I’alLt 
 fucceeded to the title of Earl, dying, 
 
 lett Francu his eldeft fon, Earl of Shrewsbury ■, 
 father ot Charles the late polldror of this title, 
 who, in the fixth year of William and Mary, 
 was created Marquifs o( Aim and Duke of 
 Shrewsbury. But he dying without iflue, the 
 title of Duke became extinft ; and that of Earl 
 defended to George, the fon of -Thomas Talbot 
 Ot Longtord in this County ; which Thomas 
 was younger brother to Charles, the late 
 Duke, j 
 
 'There are in this Shire about i-jo Parijhes. 
 
 More rare Plants growing wild in Shrop- 
 Ihire. 
 
 Gramen juucoides laliatum alterum Park. 
 J uncus Alpmus capitulo lanuginofo, (iye Schie- 
 nolaguros C. B. Hares-tail-mjh. On Ellefmser 
 tneers m great abuisiance. Tim is the fame with 
 the Gramen ;unceum montanum fubcirulea fpi- 
 ca Cambrobntannicum of Parkinfm, who makes 
 two Plants of one : it is alfo the Gramen plumo- 
 ium elegans Phyt. Brit. 
 
 Perficaria liliquofa Ge,-. Codded Arfmart, or 
 ioud}-me~not. On the banks oj the river Kemleit 
 at Marington in the Parijb of Cherbury : alfo at 
 Guemdee in the Parifh of Cherjlotk, half a mile 
 from the forefaid river, among great Alder-trees in 
 the high-way. Ger. p, 445. 
 
 Rofmarinum fylveftre minus noflras impro- 
 pie diaum cum Ciftiledon didi potius fpecies 
 lit. Quidam ad Ericas referunt. At Birch in 
 the moors of Ellefmeer plentifully. It grows in all 
 the Countries near, viz,. Chefhire, Lancafhire, See. 
 in mojfes and boggy places. 
 
 CHESHIRE. 
 
 County pala- 
 tine. 
 
 H E fifth and laft part of thofe 
 Counties which were fofmerly 
 pofl'efled by the Cornavii, is the 
 County of Chefler, call’d in 
 Saxon Ceycpe-j-cype, and now 
 commonly Chejhire and the 
 County Palatine of Chefier j for 
 the Earls of it had Palatine Jurifdidtion be- 
 longing to them, and all the Inhabitants held 
 of them as in chief, and were under a fove- 
 raign allegiance and fealty to them, as they were 
 to the King. As for the word Palatine (that 
 I may here repeat what I have faid of it before) 
 it was formerly common to all who had any 
 Peter Piths:. Office in the King’s Court or Palace ; and in 
 feVi^tio^ Comes PaUtinus was a title of digni- 
 
 ChTmpain? conferr’d upon him who had before been 
 J. Xilius. * Palatinusy with authority to hear and determin 
 Caufes in his own territory j and as well iiis 
 Nobles, whom they call’d Barons^ as his Vaf- 
 fals, were bound to frequent the Palace ot the 
 Count, both to give their advice as there 
 Ihould be occafion, and to grace his Court 
 with their prefence, fit had this additional 
 Title of Palatine^ upon the coming over of the 
 Normans. At firft, indeed, William the Con- 
 queror gave this Province to GherborA a Noble- 
 man of Flanders, who had only the fame title 
 and power as the Officiary Earls amongft the 
 Saxons had enjoy’d j the Inheritance, the Earl- 
 dom, and grandeur of the Tenure being not 
 yet fettl’d. Afterwards Hugh Lupusy fon of the 
 Vifeount of Auranches, a Nephew^ of William 
 the Conqueror by his filler, receiv’d this Earl- 
 dom from the Conqueror under the greateft 
 and moft honourable Tenure that ever was 
 granted to a Subjeft ; He gave him this u'/ro/e 
 + Ter ila County, to bold to him and his heirs, m freely, t by 
 dium. the Sveord, exs the King held the Crovm ojEuglanl 
 The vaft extent of the Powers convey ti ^n chis 
 Grant, carry ’d in them Palatine Junididion ; 
 though it is certain, that neither Hugh Lupus, 
 nor any of his fuccefldrs, were in the Grant n 
 feif, or in any ancient Records, ftji d Comites 
 Palatini- 
 
 As to the original of Palatinates in general, 
 it is clear (as hath been already obferved) that 
 anciently, in the decline of the Roman Em- 
 pire, the naMtTJwi, as the name imports, were 
 only Officers of Princes. The term, in pro- 
 cefs of time, was reftrain’d to thofe who had 
 the final determination of Caufes under the 
 King or Emperor. And thofe, who exercis’d 
 this fovereignty of jurifdidtion in any Preciiift 
 or Province, were call’d Comites Palatini j and 
 the place where the jurifdidion was us’d, Pala- 
 tinatus, a Palatinate. Inftances of fuch perfonal 
 offices in the Court, we may ftill obferve in 
 the Palatine of Hungary ; and examples of 
 fuch local authority we have in the Palati- 
 nates of the Rhine, Durham, and Lancaftep. 
 Whether therefore the ancient Palatines were 
 equal to the PrafeHi Pratorio, the Curopalata, 
 the Grand Maiftres in France, or the ancient 
 Chief Juftices in England, we need not difpute, 
 fince it is clear, that the Comites Palatini, as all 
 new-ereded Officer’s titles, retain’d many of 
 the powers of the ancient, but ftill had many 
 charaders of diflerence, as well as fome of re- 
 femblance. 
 
 By virtue of this Grant, Chefier enjoy’d all 
 fovereign jurifdidion within its own precinds j 
 and that in fo high a degree, that the ancient 
 Earls had Parliaments confifting of their own 
 Barons and Tenants, and were not oblig’d by the 
 Englifh Ads of Parliament. Thefe high, and 
 otherwife unaccountable, jurildidions were 
 thought necefl'ary upon the Marches and Bor- 
 ders of the Kingdom, as invefting the Gover- 
 nour of the Provinces with Didatorial power, 
 and enabling them more effedually to fubdue 
 the common enemies of the Nation. But when 
 the fame power, that was formerly a good bar 
 agaiiift Invaders, grew formidable to the Kings 
 themfelves, Henry the eighth rellrain’d the fo- 
 vereignty of the Palatinates, and made them 
 not only fubordinate to, but dependent on, the 
 Crown of England. And yet after that re- 
 ftraining Statute, all Pleas of Lands and T«- 
 ments, all Contrads arifing within this Coun- 
 ty 
 
66 ^ 
 
 CO RNAVII. 
 
 The beft 
 Cheefe. 
 
 ty, have been, are, and ought to be, judicially 
 heard and deternu'nM within this Shire, and 
 not elfewhere ; and it any determination be 
 made out of it, it is void, and coram non judke j 
 except in cafes of Error, Foreign Plea, and Fo- 
 reign Voucher. And there is no other crime but 
 Treafon, that can draw an Inhabitant of this 
 County to a Trial elfewhere. 
 
 This Jurifdiftion, though held now in other 
 Counties alfo, was moft anciently claimed and 
 enjoy’d by this County of Chefier. The Palati- 
 nate of Lancafier, which was the Favourite- 
 Province of the Kings of that Houfe, was ere- 
 fted under Edward the firft, and granted by 
 him to Henry, the firil Duke of Lancafter ; 
 and even in tlie A£t of Parliament that fepa- 
 rates that Dutchy from the Crown of England, 
 King Henry the fourth grants AS other Liberties 
 and Royalties vthatenjer, belonging to a County Pala- 
 tine, ad freely and entirely as the Earl of Chefter 
 is knovm to enjoy them, -within the faid County of 
 Chejier. Which ancient reference proves plainly, 
 that the County of Chefier was efteem’d the 
 mofl ancient and beft fettled Palatinate in this 
 Kingdom. And although the Bifliop of Dur- 
 ham doth in ancient Plea lay claim to Royal 
 Jurifdiftion in his Province from the time of 
 the Conqtiefi, and before ; j'et it is evident, that 
 not Durham it felf (much lels Ely, Hexam- 
 fhire, or Pembroke) w’as erefted into a County Pa- 
 latine, before Chefier. And as this is the moft 
 ancient, fo it is the moft famous and remar- 
 kable Palatinate in England : infomuch that a 
 late Author, Becman, who ufually miftakes in 
 Englifh Affairs, fays of Chefhire j It is pecu- 
 liar to the County of Chefter, that it enjoys the 
 Title of a Palatinate ; a title, not to be found 
 elfewhere, but only among the Germansl\ 
 
 This Country, Malmesbury fays, yields corn very 
 ■ fparingly, efpecially wheat, but cattle and fifh in a- 
 bundance. On the contrary, Ranulph of Che- 
 fter affirms, that Whatever Malmesbury mi^t 
 fanjy from the report of others, it affords great fiore 
 of all forts of viEluals, corn, fiefh, fifh, and efpe- 
 cially of the befi of Salmon : it drives a confidera- 
 ble trade, not only by importing but by return, as ha- 
 ving, within it felf, falt-pits, mines, and metals. 
 Give me leave to add farther, that the grafs of 
 this Country has a peculiar good quality, fo 
 that they make great ftore of Cheefe, more a- 
 greeable and better relifh’d than thofe of any 
 other parts of the Kingdom, even when they 
 procure the fame Dary-womcn to make them. 
 And here, by the by, I cannot but admire 
 at w'hat Strabo writes, that fome of the Bri- 
 tains in his time knew not how to make 
 Cheefe ; and that Pliny expreffes his won- 
 der, how barbarous people who liv d upon milk, 
 come to defpije, or elfe not know for fo long time, 
 the benefit of Cheefe, efpecially feeing they had the 
 -way of Curdling it to a pleafant tartnefs, and of 
 making fat butter of it. From whence it may- 
 be infer’d, that the art of making Cheefe was 
 taught us by the Romans ; fand this inference 
 feems to be confirmed by the Britifh language, 
 affording no other name for Cheefe, but Caws j 
 which is a manifeft corruption of the Latin 
 Cajeus. But the fame may be noted of all the 
 other modern languages of Europe.! 
 
 Although this Country is interiour to many 
 others of the Kingdom in fruitfulnefs, yet it 
 has always produc’d more Gentry, than any of 
 them. There was no part of England that for- 
 merly fupply’d the King’s army with more 
 Nobility, or that could number more Knights- 
 families. On the South-fide, it is bounded 
 with Shropfliire, on the Eaft, witli Stafford- 
 
 664 
 
 fhire and Derbyfliire, on the North With Lan- 
 calhire,^ and on the Weft with Denbighfhire 
 and Flintfhire; Toward the North-weft, it 
 fhoots out into a confiderable * Peninfula where * wimlJ. 
 the Sea breaking-in on both lides, makes two 
 Creeks, which receive all the rivers of this 
 County. Into that Creek which is more to 
 the Weft, runs the river Deva or Dee, which 
 divides this County from Denbighfhire : Into 
 that which is more to the Eaft, the Wever, that 
 goes through the middle of the County, and 
 the Merfey, that fevers it from Lancafhire, dif- 
 charge themfelves. And in deferibing this 
 County, I know no better method, tlian to 
 follow the courfe of thefe rivers j for all the 
 places of greateft note, are iituate upon rliem. 
 
 But before I enter upon particulars, I will pre- 
 mife what Lucian the Monk lias faid of it in 
 general, left I fhould be accus’d hereafter of 
 omitting any thing that might conduce to the 
 honour of the Inhabitants ; befides, that Au- 
 thor is now fcarce, and as old almoft as the 
 Conqueft ; But if any man be defirom, either fully, Lucian tbe 
 or as near as maybe, to treat of the manners oyMonkin com- 
 the Inhabitants, with vefpeB to them that live in '"endation of 
 other places of the Kingdom they are found to 
 partly different from the refi, partly better, .and in 
 [me things equal. But they are feen efpecially (which 
 is very confiderable in point of civility and breeding) 
 to feafi in common, are cheerful at meals, liberal in 
 entertainments, bafiy but foon pacified, talkative, a- 
 verfe to fubjeEiion and flavery, merciful to thofe in 
 difirefs, compajfionate to the poor, kind to relations, 
 not very indufirious, plain and open, moderate in 
 eating, far from defigning, bold and forward in bor- 
 rowing abounding in woods and pafiures, and rich 
 in cattle. They border on one fide upon the Welfij, 
 and have fuch a tinBure of their manners and ’ 
 
 cufioms by intercourfe, that they . are very like them. 
 
 It is alfo to be obferv^d, Tlmt as the County of Che- 
 fier is fhut in, and Separated from the refi of 
 England, by the Wood Lime, fo is it difiinguifiod 
 frotn all other parts of England, by fome peculiar 
 immunities : by the grants of the Kings, and the E- 
 minence of the Earls, they have been wont, in 
 Affemblies of the people, to attend the Prince'' s /word, 
 rather than the Kings crown, and to try caufes of 
 the greatefi confequence within themfelves, with full 
 authority and licence. Chefter it felf is frequented 
 by the Irijh, is neighbour to the Welfh, and plenti- 
 fully ferv’d with provifions by the Englifh : it is cu- 
 rioufily fituated, having gates * of the ancient model* Pofitlone 
 It has been exercis'd with many difficulties ; is fortified esnuqua. 
 with a river and f Watches, according to the name, -f- Oculh. 
 worthy to be call'd a City ; fecured and guarded 
 with continual watchings of holy men, and through 
 the mercy of our Saviour ever preferved by the aid of 
 the Almighty. 
 
 The river Dee, call’d in Latin Deva, in Bri-The rircf 
 tifh Dyffyr dwy, that is, the water of the Dwy, 
 abounds with iia/woK, and/prings. from foun- 
 tains in Wales, from which fome believe it had 
 its denomination. For Dwy fignifies two in 
 their language. But others, from the nature alfo 
 and meaning of the word, will have it to fig- 
 fie black water ; others again, * God's water, and * Dei aqua. 
 Divine water. Now although, as we learn from 
 Aufonius, a Fountain facred to the Gods was 
 call’d Divona in the old Gallick tongue (which Divonav 
 was the fame with our Britifh ) and although 
 all rivers were AioirilSs, and by Antiquity 
 efteem’d Divine, and our Britains too paid them, 
 divine honours, as Gildas informs us ; yet I 
 cannot fee, why they fiiould attribute divinity 
 to this river Dwy in paiticular, above all others. Rivers far 
 We read, that the Theffklians gave divine ho-cred. 
 
 Hours to the river Potticus, on account of its 
 
 plea- 
 
 o 
 
66if 
 
 666 
 
 G HES HI RE. 
 
 pleafantnefs ; the Scythians attributed the fame 
 to the Jjlery for its largenefs ; and the Ger- 
 mans, to tlic Rhine, becaufe it was their judge 
 in cales of fufpicion and jealoufie between mar- 
 ried perfons t but I fee no reafon ( as I faid 
 before ) why they fliould aferibe Divinity to 
 this fiver ; unlcfs perhaps it has fometimes 
 chang d its courfe, and might prefage viftory to 
 th6 Inhabitants when they were at war with 
 one another,' as it inclin’d more to this or that 
 fide, when it left its chanel j for this is rela- 
 ted by Giraldus Cambreniis, who in fome mea- 
 lure believ’d it. Or perhaps they obferv’d, that 
 Contrary to the manner of other rivers, it does 
 not overflow with a fall of rain, but yet will 
 fweli fo extraordinarily when the South-wind 
 beats Upon it, that it will overflow the neigh- 
 bouring fields. Again, it niay be, the water 
 here ieem’d Holy to the Chriftian Britains ; 
 for it is faid, that when they flood in battel- 
 array ready to engage the Saxons, they firft 
 kifs’d the earth, and devoutly dfank of this river, 
 in memory of the blood of their holy Saviour. 
 
 The Dee ( the courfe whereof, from 
 Wales, is flrong and rapid) has no fooner en- 
 ter’d Chefhire, but it’s force abates, and it 
 Bonium.^^f^s more gently through Bonium, which in 
 fome copies of Antoninus is read Bo-vium an 
 eminent City in thofe times, and afterwards a 
 famous Monaftery. From the Choir or Qiiire, 
 it was call’d by the Britains Bonebor and Ban- 
 chor, and by the Saxons Bancopna-bypig and 
 Banchor. Bnnehor. TBefore we go farther, it will be ne- 
 cefi'ary to arm the reader againft a miftake in 
 * Malmcsb. * Malmesburyy who confoUnds this wdth the E- 
 inHift. & pifcopal See in Caernarvonjhire 6 . Bangor', 
 lib. 4 - whereas (as Mr. Burton obferves) the latter was 
 
 Pond ce. ^ Colony drawn out of the former. That 
 
 Gildas, the moft ancient of our Britifh wri- 
 ters, Was a member of this place, we have the 
 authority of Leland ; but upon what grounds 
 4- Beda Eccl. he thinks fo, is not certain. \ ksiot Dinotbus, 
 hid. lib. 2. he was undoubtedly Abbot there, and was 
 c* 2. feiit-for to meet Aujliny at the Synod which 
 
 he call’d here in this Ifland .1 And among 
 many very good men, it is faid by fome to have 
 produc’d that greateft and worft of hereticks 
 Pelagius, who perverting the nature of God’s 
 grace, did fo long infelt the Weflern Church 
 with his pernicious Doctrine. [Ranulpbus Ce- 
 \\ Vo\ychroiufi/sn/is tells uS, that in his time it was |] thought 
 i. 4. c. 51. fo by fome people i and yohn of Tinmouth, in the 
 life of St. Alban, expretly fays that he w’as Ab- 
 bot here.l HeUce, in Profper Aquitanus he is 
 call’d Coluber Britannus : 
 
 Pejlifero njornuit Coluber fermone Britatmus. 
 
 The Britifh Adder vented from hispoys’nous 
 tongue. 
 
 Which I mention for no other reafon, than 
 that it is the interefl of all mankind to have 
 notice of fuch infections. In the Monaftery (Bede 
 fays ) there were fo many Monks, that -when they 
 •were dt'vided into feven parts, having each their diftinSi 
 ruler appointed them, every one oj thefe particular 
 Societies conjifted cj three hundred men atleaft, ivho 
 all liv’d by the labour of their own hands. Edil- 
 fred, King of the Northumbrians, Hew twelve 
 hundred of them, for praying for the Britains 
 their fellow Chriflians, againft the Saxon-Infi- 
 . T> dels. rSo fay all our ancient Hiftorians : only, 
 ftnV?. **the Publifher of King .Elfred’s life has con- 
 tracted the number into two hundred, and, 
 contrary to the general voice of Antiquity (un- 
 lels the Ulfter-A.m\o.\s be on his fide) makes the 
 Battle to be fought in the year <513, which per- 
 
 death of Auguftine the 
 Monk. Concerning this Bangor Iskoed (for fo 
 It is generally called, to diflinguilh it from 
 Bangor in Caema-rvonfhire') take alfo the follow- 
 ing account out ot a Manufeript Hiflory of 
 Mr. Robert^ Vaughan : Bangor Monachorum (faith 
 he) fo call’d from the famous Monaftery that was 
 once there, lies fituate in Maelor Seilnig, or Brom- 
 fteld, not far from Kaer Lheion, or Wefl-chefter. 
 
 Both 'Town and Monaftery hath fo felt the injuries 
 of time, that at this day there are hardly any ruins 
 oj them remaining. For we find now only a frnall 
 Village of the name, and uo footfteps of the old City, 
 except the rubbifh oj the two principal Gates, Porth 
 Kleis and Porch Wgan j the former looking to- 
 wards England, and the latter towards Wales. They 
 are about a mile diftant from each other, whence we 
 may conjeciure the extent of the City, which lay be'" 
 tween thefe two Gates, the river Dee running through 
 the midft of it. The old Britifh Triades tell us, 
 that in the time oj the Britifto Kings there were in 
 the Monaftery of Bangor two thoufandfour hundred 
 Monks, who in their turns ( viz. a hundred each 
 hour oj the 24) read Prayers and fung Pfalms con- 
 tinually, fo that Divine Service was perform’d day 
 and night without intermijfion, Sic.*! 
 
 And now', to digrefs a little, upon the men- 
 tion of thefe Monks ; The Inftitution of a Mo- Monaftick 
 naftick life did firft proceed from the terrible hfe* 
 perfecutions of the Chriftian Religion ; to a- 
 void which, good men withdrew themfelves, 
 and retir’d into the Deferts of Egypt, to the 
 end they might fafely and freely exercife their 
 profeffion; and not with a defign to involve Rutilius 
 themfelves in mifery rather than be made mife- Claudius in 
 table by others, as the Heathens upbraided 
 them. There, they difperfed themfelves among 
 the mountains and woods, living firft folitarily 
 in Caves and Cells, from whence they were 
 call’d by the Greeks Monachi : afterwards they 
 began, as nature it felf prompted them, to live 
 fociably together, finding thai more agreea- 
 ble, than, like wild beafts, to fculk up and 
 down in the Deferts. Then, their whole bu- 
 finefs was to pray, and to fupply their own 
 wants with their own labour, giving the over- 
 plus to the poor, and tying themfelves, by 
 Vows, to Poverty, Obedience, and Chaftity. 
 
 Athanafius firft introduced this Monaftick way 
 of living in the Weftern Church. Whereunto 
 S. Auftin in Africa, S. Martin in France, and 
 Congell (as it is faid) in Britain and Ireland, 
 very much contributed, by fettling it among 
 the Clergy. Upon which, it is incredible how 
 they grew and fpread in the world, how many 
 and great Religious Houfes were prepared to 
 entertain them, which, from their way of 
 living in common, were call’d Ctxmbia as they 
 were alfo call’d Monafteries, becaufe they ftill 
 retain’d a fhew of a folitary life : and there 
 was nothing in thofe times efteem’d fo ftriftly 
 religious. For they were not only ferviceable to 
 themfelves, but beneficial to all mankind, by 
 their prayers and interceffions with God, and 
 by their good example, learning, labour, and 
 induftry. But as the times corrupted, this holy 
 zeal of theirs began to cool : Rebus ceffere fecundts, 
 as the Poet fays j i. e. Profperity debauch’d 
 them. But now to return. 
 
 From hence-forward this Monaftery went to 
 decay; for William of Malmesbury, who liv’d 
 not long after the Norman Conqueft, fays. 
 
 There remain’d here fo manyftgns of Antiiyuity, foTi^^ ftawtor 
 many broken walls of Churches, fo many turns in 
 
 paffages through gates, and fuch heaps of ithelifcof 
 
 as were hardly eljewhere to be met with. But now iachiag, was 
 there is fcarce any appearance of a City orm Ireland. 
 Monaftery ; the names only of two gates re- 
 p p p p main. 
 
668 
 
 667 CORN AVI t 
 
 main, Port-Hoghan, and Port-Cleisy whiqh ftand 
 at a mile^s diftance ; and, between them, Ro- 
 man coyns have been often found. TThefe and 
 other Remains of Bricifh and Roman Antiqui- 
 ty (fuch are, faith Leland, the bones and ve- 
 ftures of Monks, fquared Stones, Roman Coins, 
 and the like) are teftimonies of the ancient 
 glory of this place.1 But here 1 muft note, that 
 Bonium be- Bonhim is not reckoned within this County, 
 longs tof/w»-but in Flintfhire j apart of which is ina raan- 
 Jhire, net fever’d from the reft, and lies here between 
 
 Chefhire and Shropftiire. 
 
 After the river Dee has enter’d this County, 
 Malpas. it runs by the town Malpcu or Malo paffus, ft- 
 tuate on a high hill not far from it, which had 
 formerly a Caftle ; and from the ill, narrow, 
 fteep, rugged way to it, was call’d in Latin 
 Mala platea, or Ill~Jlreet : for the fame reafon it 
 was called by the Normans Mai-pat^ and by the 
 Englifh, near the fame i'enfe, Depen-bacbe. Hugh 
 Earl of Chefter gave the Barony of this place, 
 Ex Rotulo to Robert FitxrHugh. In the reign of Henry 
 Domefday. the fecond, William Patrick^ fon or William Pa- 
 Comitatus trick, held the fame j of which race was Robert 
 ^%rofc'ripius. forfeited it by f outlawry. Some 
 
 Barons dc ' years after, David of Malpoi, by a Writ of Re- 
 Malpas. cognifance, got a moiety of that Town, which 
 then belong’d to Gilbert Clerk ; but a great part 
 of this Barony defcended afterwards to thofe 
 Siittons who were Barons of Dudley ; and a par- 
 DcSaniftoPe. cel thereof fell toUrian de S. Petro, commonly 
 Sampler. And from Philip, a younger fon of 
 David of Malpae, is defcended chat famous and 
 Egertons. knightly family of the Egertom, who derived 
 this name from their place of habitation, as di- 
 vers of the fame family have done from other 
 places, viz. Cotgrave, Overton, Codington, and 
 Golborn. But before I leave this place, I muft 
 beg leave, though upon a ferious and grave fub- 
 jeft, to recite a pleafanc Story concerning the 
 name of it, out of Giraldus Cambrenfis. It 
 Itiner. \xh. 2,happen d (fays he) in our times, that a certain^evi 
 cap. 13, travelling towards Shrewsbury, with the Arch-deacon 
 of this place, whofe name was Peche, that is. Sin, 
 and the Dean, who was call’d Devil and hearing 
 the Arch-deacon fay, that his Arch-deaconry began at 
 a place Ill-ftreet, and reached as far as ybx\- 
 ■pas towards Chefler : the 'Jew knowing both their 
 names, told them very pleajantly, he found it would 
 be a miracle if ever he got fafe out of this County, 
 where Sin was the Arch-Deacon, and the Devil was 
 the Dean ; where the entry into the Arch-dea- 
 conry was Ill-ftreet, and the going out again 
 Malpas. 
 
 Sboclach. From hence. Dee is carried down by Shoclach, 
 where was formerly a Caftle ; then by Alford, 
 belonging heretofore to the Ardems ; next by 
 Pouleford. Poulejord, where in Henry the third’s reign, 
 Ralph de Ormesby had his Caftle ; and laftly by 
 Eaton. Eaton, the feat of the famous family of Grofoe- 
 Grofvenour. nour, i. e. or great hunter 3 whofe 
 
 pofterity go corruptly by the name of Gra- 
 venor. 
 
 Chefter from Cafler ( or the Camp ) was 
 nam’d. 
 
 And without doubt, thefe names were derived 
 from the twentieth Legion, call’d ViBrix. For 
 in the fecond Coiifulfhip of Gaiba the Empe- 
 ror w ith Titus Vinius, that Legion [fay fomel 
 was rranfported into Britain. FBut concerning 
 this Legion, two points are controverted among 
 learned men i the ftrft. What was the true 
 name ', the fecond, what was the precife time 
 of its coming over ? For the firft, it is gene- 
 rally Call’d Legio Vicejima ViSirix ; but that ieems 
 to be defeftive, if we may depend on the au- 
 thority of an old Infcription upon an Altar 
 dug-up in ChePier A.D. anddocompare 
 
 it with what Dio has faid of this Legion. The 
 Infcription is this, 
 
 I.O.M. TANARO r«.wisthe 
 
 Thunderer} 
 from the BtU 
 tifli Taraa 
 
 LELVPIVS GALER.iTfe” 
 PRAESENS.G\|\. 
 PRI-LEG.XXW. 
 
 COMMODO-ET 
 
 LATERANO 
 
 COS. 
 
 V. S. L.M. 
 
 Which I read thus : 
 
 Jovi Optimo Maximo Tanaro 
 Titus Elupius Galerius 
 Pr*fens Gubernator 
 Principibus Legionis Vicefim* Viftricis Valeris 
 Commodo & Laterano Confuiibus 
 Votum folvit lubens merito. 
 
 iuner, 
 
 P- 53* 
 
 Brxfts Gune- 
 th*,ot North- 
 Wales. Prii, 
 Warm. A- 
 rund. & Gale, 
 P* 53‘ 
 
 Peunana. 
 
 Oeva. 
 
 Cheiier* 
 
 A little-higher, upon the fame river, and not 
 far from the mouth (which Ptolemy calls Seteia, 
 for Deia ) ftands that noble City, which the 
 fame Ptolemy calls Deunana, and Antoninus 
 Deva, from the river j the Britaiiis, Caer-Legion, 
 Caer-Leon-Vaur, Caer-Leon ar Dufyr Dwy, and 
 by way of preheminence Caer j as our Ance- 
 ftors the Saxons called it Leseacepcep, from 
 the Legion there, and we more contradly, Wefi- 
 chefter, from its wefterly fttuation ; and limply 
 Chefter, according to that Verfe, 
 
 Ceftria de Caftris mmen quad Caflria 
 fmnpftt. 
 
 For if that Legion was call’d limply Vicejima 
 ViBrix, what occafion was there for doubling 
 the V ? To make it Vigejima quinta, would be 
 a conjedure altogether groundlefs : and yet if 
 the foft V denote ViBrix, the fecond muft 
 lignifie fomething more. There is alfo another 
 Altar (dug-up at Crowdundal-waith in Weftmor- 
 land ) that obliges us not to be too politive, 
 that thofe w^ho think it might be call’d Valens 
 ViBrix, or Valentia ViBrix, are in an error. 
 
 VARONIV ECTVS 
 
 LEG. XX. V. V. clTf. 
 
 Here 
 
CHESHIRE . 
 
 669 
 
 Here alfo we fee the V. is doubl’d. Whether 
 the latter fignifie Vakria, will beft appear out 
 ot Dio, that great Hiiioriaii, who in his re- 
 cital of the Roman Legions preferv’d under 
 Augtiftmi hath thefe words concerning the 20*11 
 Legion : ^Kal £i dxorol ^ m OilaMflaoi, ^ NiairofEj dm- 
 
 ^ tJ h,’vcs ov?'?, oJtbV /U^' 
 
 Tiiry Tvli-ls TO fl’KosB Wuwn'ictt ixorluv, J ^ t}5 
 *’’*’3 « S Tft /<59’ aTToiylut Ova- 
 
 ^5f/«6| l7r5KA»Srn<7ttV, ruV «T1 T>) Tca-TJI 
 
 X,e^')cw» wccgjiAciSssV iTi'flto-s. T^he twentieth Legion 
 which is alfo called Valeria and Vi£i:rix, is nowin 
 Upfer-Britainy which Augufius prefers d together 
 with the other Legion that hath the name of Vi- 
 ceiima, and hath it's winter-quarters in Lower- 
 Germanyt and neither now is, nor then was ufually 
 and properly call'd Valeria. 
 
 Mr. Burton is induc’d by the Weflmorland- 
 Monument to make an addition to ViSlrix, and 
 fets down ; but why this paflage ftiould 
 
 not have induced him rather to make choice of 
 Valeria, I confefs I perceive no reafon. For 
 firft, the diftindion he makes betw'eeii the Vi- 
 cefima in Britain and that in Germany, is plain, 
 not only from the natural conilruftion of the 
 words, but likewife becaufe Dio’s nineteen Le- 
 gions, which were kept entire by Augufius, 
 cannot otherwife be made up. Next, fuppo- 
 ling this diflinftion, it is very evident, that 
 he pofitively applies the name Valeria to the firfl, 
 and as plainly denies that the fecond ever had 
 that title. And why fhould not we as well 
 allow the name of Valeria to this, as w'e do to 
 other Legions the additional titles of JJlpia, 
 Elavia, Claudia, Trajana, Antoniana I 
 
 The fecond Point, When this Legion came 
 over, or when tliey were fettl’d here, cannot 
 be precifely determin’d. ‘ 'I’hat this was a 
 Colony fettl’d by fuUus Cafar ( as Malmes- 
 bury leems to afErm ) implies what never 
 any one dreamt of, that Julitu, Cafar was 
 in thofe territories. Giving an account of the 
 name Caerlegion, he lays down this reafon of it, 
 becaufe there, the Emeriti or old Soldiers of the 
 ^]o.\hnirum'^ yiilian Legions rejided. The learned * Selden 
 ♦^Anno^c^ ad excufe the Monk, by reading Militarium 
 
 Polyolb.* ^or ^ulianarum \ but that, his own ancient 
 Cant. II. Manufcript would not aflow. To bring him 
 oif the other way, by referring Julianarum, not 
 to Ci^far but Agricola, who in Vefpafian’s time 
 had the foie charge of the Britifh Affairs, feems 
 much more plaufible. Before that time, we 
 find this Legion mention’d by T'acitus, in the 
 Lower Germany, and their boiflerous behaviour 
 there. And in Neros time, the fame Author 
 acquaints us with their good fervices in that 
 memorable defeat, which Suetonim Paulinas gave 
 to Queen Boadida. So that whenever they 
 might fettle at Chefler to repel tlie incurfions 
 of the active Britains ; it plainly appears they 
 came over before Galba’s time. 
 
 Another Altar was found at Chefler with 
 this Infcription. 
 
 6 -jo 
 
 PRO'.SALpOMk 
 
 ORVH-M-IMVI 
 
 cfelMORVM 
 
 avgg-gelIo-loci 
 
 FLAVIYS'-LONG- 
 TRIE MIL-LEGXX 
 LONGLIV^'-FI •• 
 EIV5- ^ DOMO 
 aAMOmTA- 
 V- s - 
 
 Vid. Philof. 
 Tranf. N. 
 222 . 
 
 ^ It was difcover’d by the Architeft in dig- 
 ging for a * Cellar, and was view’d and. de-*J” 
 lineated by a curious f Gentleman of that 
 ty, to whom we are indebted for the de-f Mr. Prf/- 
 fcription of it. It lay, with the Infcriptionf“tt> 
 dow'nward, upon a Stone two foot fquare, 
 which is fuppos’d to have been the Pedeftal : 
 the foundation lay deep and broad, confifting 
 of many large flones. The earth about it w'as 
 folid, but ot feveral colours ; and fome afhes 
 were mix’d in it. About the foundation, were 
 difcover’d figns of a Sacrifice, -viz,, the bones, 
 horns, and heads of feveral creatures, as the 
 Ox, Roe-buck, &c. with thefe two Coyns : 
 
 I. Brafs. On the firfl fide. Imp. Caes. Vefpafi- 
 an. Aug. Cos. III. and the face of the Emperour. 
 
 On the reverfe, Vi<^oria Augufli S. C. and a wing- 
 ed ViBory fianding. II. Copper. On the firfl JiL, 
 
 FI. Val. Conftantius Nob. C. and the face of 
 ConflantiHS. On the reverfe, Genio populi Romani. 
 
 A Genius fianding, holding a bowl {us a in Sacrifices) 
 in the right hand, and a Cornucopia in the left. 
 
 On the left fide of the Monument, was a 
 flower-pot j on the top, a Cotyla or Cavity i in 
 the bottom of that Cavity, a young face, fup- 
 pofed to be that of the Genius ; on the back, 
 ornaments of drapery of uncertain figures. 
 
 On the right fide, a Genius Handing with a 
 Cornucopia in his left hand j the right hand be- 
 ing cut oft by the workman, unawares.l 
 
 Here, the f Legion growing too heady, and t viceftma 
 too formidable to the Lieutenants as well 
 fular as Pratorian ; the Emperor Vefpajian 
 Julius Agricola Lieutenant over them, and they 
 were at laft feated in this City, which I be- 
 lieve had not been long built, fcr a check and 
 barrier to the Ordovices. Though I know, fome 
 aver it to be older than the Moon, that is, to 
 have been built many thoufaiid years ago, by 
 the gy.ant Leon Vaur. But thefe are young 
 Antiquaries, and the name it felf might con- 
 vince them of their error. For they cannot 
 deny, but Leon Vaur in Britifh fignifies a great 
 
 Legion j 
 
•71 
 
 CORNjril. 
 
 Legion ; and whether it is more natural to de- 
 rive the name ol this City from a great Legion^ 
 or. from the gyant Leon, let the world judge : 
 coniidering, that in Hij'pama T’arraconenfis we 
 find a territory call’d Leon from the fevcnth 
 Legio Germanka j and that the twentieth Le- 
 fSee before. QaXi’d \ Britannica, Valms Vithix, or p'a- 
 leria LlbhiK, was quarter’d in this City, as 
 Ptolemy, Antoninus, and an ancient Coin of 
 Septimius Geta, teflifie. By the Coin lafl 
 it appears alfo that Chefier was a 
 man Colony. Co!onj% for the revcrfe of it isiiifcribcd COL. 
 
 DIVANA LEG. XX. VICTRIX. And 
 though at this day there remain few memori- 
 als of the Roman magnihcence, befides fome 
 pavements of Chequer-works ; yet in the laft 
 .age it .afforded many, as Ranulph, a Monk of 
 Ub hs in his Polychronicon. 'There' 
 
 'are luays here under-ground, xoonderjuUy arched voith 
 fione-vcork, vaulted Dining-rooms^ huge fiones engra- 
 ven Vjith the names of the Ancients, and fometimes 
 Coins dug-up vsith the inferiptions of Julius Cxfar 
 and other famous mm. Likewife fthe fame Po- 
 lychronicon, aiidl Roger of Chefier in his Po- 
 lycraticoii ; IT'hen I beheld the foundation of vaji 
 buildings up and dovon in the fireets, it feemed ra- 
 ther the effeB of the Roman Jlrengtb, and the mork 
 of Giants, than of Britijh Indujlry. 
 
 I’ho City is of a fquare form, fufroiinded 
 with a Wall about two miles in compafs, and 
 contains eleven Parifh-Churches. 
 
 672 
 
 and infiituted Prebends, and raifed it again to 
 a Bifliop’s See, to contain, within it’sjurifdi- 
 ftion, this County^, Lanc.afhire, Richmond, eirc.Stat. 25 1 
 and to be it flit contained within the Provincec. 31. * 
 of York. 
 
 _ But now let us come to points of higher An- 
 tiquity. When the Cathedral here was built, 
 the Earls, who were then Normans, fortified 
 the Town with a wall and caflle. For as the 
 Bijhop held oj the King that vshich belonged to his 
 BiJ}.)Oprick (thefe are the very words of Domef- 
 day-book made by William the Conqueror, J 
 fo the Earls, with their men, held oj the King, 
 wholly y all the rejl of the City. It paid gelt for fif- 
 ty bidet, and there were four hundred thirty one hou- 
 fes geldable, and feyen Mint-mafiers. tVhen the 
 King came in perfon hither, every Carrucat paid 
 him two hundred Heflhas, one Cuna of Ale, and 
 one Rufea oj Butter. And in the fame place ; 
 
 For the repairing of the city-wall and bridge, the 
 Provofi gave warning by EdiB, that out of every 
 bide oj the County one man Jhould come and who- 
 foever fent not his man, he was amerced forty fijil- 
 Imgs to the King and Earl. If I fhould particu- 
 larly relate the skirmifhes here between the 
 Welfli and Englifhin the beginning of the Nor- 
 man times, the many inroads and excurfions, 
 the frequent firings cf the fuburbs of Hanbrid 
 beyond the bridge ( on which account the 
 Welfh call it Treboeth, that is, the burnt Town',) 
 and fhould tell you of the long w'all made there 
 of Welfli-mens skulls ; I fhould feera to forget 
 
 Upon a ri- 
 ling ground near the river, hands the Caftle, 
 
 built by the Earl of this place, wherein the j my felf, and run too far into the bufinefs oflin 
 Courts Palatine avQ held, and thQAfftz.es twice a | Hiftorian. From that time, the Town of Che- 
 The Rowes, year. The buildings are neat, and there are j her hath very much fiourifhed j and KingHen- 
 + rro\ectis t Piazza’s on both lides, along the chief Street. ! ry the feventh incorporated it into a diflindt 
 
 J^SKianis 
 
 Perticus^ 
 
 The City has not been equally profperous at 
 ail times : firft, it was demolifh’d by Egfrid 
 the Northumbrian ; and then, by the Danes 
 Domina. but it was repair’d by jEdelfleda * Governefs 
 
 ry tbe leventb incorporated it into a diflind 
 County. Nor is there now any thing wanting 
 to make it a flourifliing City i except it be, 
 that the Sea is not fo favourable, as it has 
 been, to fome few Mills that were formerly fi- 
 
 Circ. An. 
 96a 
 
 of the Mercians, and fooii after faw King Ead- tuated upon the river Dee from which it has 
 gar glorioufly triumphing over the Britirti Prin-! gradually withdrawn, and the Town has loft 
 ces. For, being fcated in a triumphal Barge! the advantage of an Harbour, which it enjoy’d 
 at the fore-deck, Kimmdius of Scotland,' heretofore. It’s fituation, in Longitude, is 
 
 Malcolin King of Cumberland, Macon Kiiog of ' twenty degrees and twenty three minutes ; in 
 Man and of the Iflands, with all the Princes of, Latitude, fifty three degrees, and eleven mi- 
 Wales who were brought to fubmiflion, row’d jnutes. Whoever defircs to know more of this 
 him up the river Dee, like Bargemen, to the City, may read a paftage taken out of Lucian 
 parchesrc- greatjoyof the Speftators. Afterwards, about the Monk, who lived almoft * fix hundred ye.ars* Five, C. 
 Glaber Ro- ^ ^ p^w'ago. Firfi, it is to be confidered, that the City of 
 
 dolphus. kindfj Emulation, the fabrkks oj Cathedrals and is a place very pleafantly fituated ', and, be- 
 
 Gtber Churches began to be more decent and fiately, \ ing in the weft parts of Britain, flood very conveni- 
 and the Chriflian world to raife it felj jrom the old\ent to receive the Roman Legions that were tranfported 
 
 dejeBed flate and fordidnefs to the decency of white 
 Veftments, Hugh the firft of Norman blood that 
 was Earl of Chefter, repair’d tlie Church which 
 Lcofrick had formerly founded here in honour 
 of the Virgin Saint Werburg^ and by the ad- 
 vice of Anfelm, whom he had invited out of 
 Normandy, granted the fame to the Monks. 
 Now, the Town is famous for the tomb of 
 Henry the fourth, Emperor of Germany, who 
 having abdicated his Empire, is faid to have 
 become an Hermit here ; and alfo for its be- 
 ing an Epifcopal See. This See, immediately 
 after the Conqueft, was tranllated from Lich- 
 field hither, by Peter Bifhop of Lichfield. TAnd 
 this is the reafoii, why the Bifhops of Lichfield 
 are fometimes called by our Hiftorians, Bifliops 
 of Chefter ; and why tJiis Peter who tranflated 
 it hither, is by the Saxon Annals called Epifeo- 
 pm IJcijeldenfis five Ceftrenfis, i. e. Bifhop of 
 Lichfield or Chefter.l Afterw.ards, it was tran- 
 flated to Coventry, and from thence to the an- 
 cient See 
 
 hither : and befides, it was properjor watching the 
 jrontiers oj the Empire, and was a perj'eB key to 
 Ireland. For being oppofite to the north parts of 
 Ireland, it opend a pajfage thither jor Ships and Sea- 
 men, who were continually in motion to and again, 
 either in the way of merchandife, or upon other bu-- 
 finefs. And ij you turn to the Eaft, it gives you a 
 projpeB, not only towards Rome and the Empire, but 
 the whole earth : a fpeBacle expofed to the eye of 
 all the world : fo that from hence may be dijeernd 
 the great aciions oj the world, and the firft fprings 
 and confequences of them, the perfons by whom, the 
 places where, and the times when, they were tranfaBed. 
 JVe may alfo know what hat been done wed, and learn 
 to avoid the id. The City has jour gates anfwering 
 the four winds j on the enft-fide, it has a profpeB 
 towards India, on the weft towards Ireland, and on 
 the north towards the greater Norway , and laftly, 
 on the fouth, to that little corner wherein God’s ven- 
 geance has confined the Britains, jor their civil wars 
 and difjenfions, which hentojore changed the name 
 oj Britain into England : and how they live to 
 
 gain : fo that Chefter continu’d 
 .f- So faiJ, ^^11 the f laft age, when f/;?V day, their neighbours know to their forrow. 
 
 ann, 1607. King Henry the eiglith difplaced the M.o\ik.s,\ Moreover, God has bleft and enrich’d Chefter 
 
 * with 
 
6?3 
 
 CHESHIRE. 
 
 mth a rher, fleajm mi wie-flar’d witlj fiff,, rmt- 
 mng by the city -aaMs ; and on the fiutb-fide with a 
 harbour for Ships coming from GafcoigOj Spain, Ire- 
 land, Germany ; v^ha hy Clmf's afijhnce, and 
 by tke talmr and conduB of the Mariners., repair 
 hither, and fupply them with all forts of Comm- 
 dtties. So that, being comforted by the faruour of 
 God in all thingSy we drink wine very plentifully j 
 for thofe countries have abundance of Vineyards. 
 Moreover, the main Sea ceajes not to vijit m. every 
 day with a tide } which, according c0 tke broad 
 fhelves of /and are open or Jhut by tides and ebbs, is 
 wont more or Ifs to do good or ha^my to change, or 
 fend <mc thing or another, and, by reciprocal ebbs and 
 fows, either to bring in or cmry out. 
 
 From the City, to the uorthwefl:,, there runs 
 out into the Sea, a large Cherfonele or Peniii- 
 fula, inclofod on one fide with the sftuary Dee, 
 and on the other with the river Merfey. [The 
 Saxon Annals call it FiJ^eale, Matthew Weh- 
 Wirall, minfter Wirbalef\ we WiraU, and the Welfli 
 (becaufe it is a corner) KiU-gury .• all, hereto- 
 torc, a defolate foreft and not inhabited (as the 
 natives fay;) but King Edward the third dif- 
 foreftcd it. Now, it is well furnilh’d witla 
 Towns, w hich are more favour’d by the Sea 
 than by the Soil ; for the land affords them 
 very little Corn, but the water great plenty of' 
 Fi£h. fThe lafl mentioned Hiftorian con- 
 founds this with Chejlsr, making them one 
 place. Wliicla error proceeded from the mif- 
 underftanding of that paffage in the Saxon 
 Chronicle, bie gebyfton on anpe pej*t:pe Ceapcpe 
 on Pipbealum. po ip Lesaceapcpe gehacen, 
 i. e. *They abode in a certain wefiem City in Wir~ 
 heale, which is called Legaceafier. The latter part 
 of the fentence, he imagin’d, had reference to 
 Wirheale, whereas it is plainly a further ex- 
 plication of the Wefiem CityA In the entry 
 into IVirral, on the iouth-fide, by the adluary, 
 Hands Shotwkh, a caiUe of the Kings : on the 
 north, ftands Hootou, a Manour which in Ri- 
 chard the fecond’s time fell to the Stanleys, 
 who derive their pedigree from one Alan Sylve- 
 fris, upon whom Ranulpb, the hrft of that 
 name wlio was Earl of Chefter, confer’d the 
 Bailywkk of th Forefl oj IViral by the delivery 
 Poole. of a horn. Hard by this, ftands Poole, trom 
 whence the Lords of that place (who have liv’d 
 very honourably, and in a flourilhing condition, 
 a long time) took their name. Near this, is 
 Stmlaw. Stanlaw, that is, as the Monks there have ex- 
 itfjv, what, plain’d it, a fony-hill ; where jTo/ia Lasy, Con- 
 llable of Chefter, built a little Monaftery, 
 which, by reafon of inundations, they were 
 forced afterwards to remove to Whaly in the 
 I1/3* County of Lancafter. Ac the furtheft end of 
 this Cherfonefe, there lies a little barren dry 
 ll.bre. fandy Iftand, called Il-bre, which had formerly 
 a fmall Cell of Monks. More inward, eaft of 
 this Qierfonefe, lies the famous Foreft, called 
 the Forefl of Delamere ; tlie Forefters whereof, 
 f Are, C. by inlieritance, t were the Dawns of Utkinton, 
 of an honourable family, defeended from Ra- 
 nulph of Kingleigh, to whom Ranulph the firft 
 Earl of Chefter gave the inheritance of that 
 office of Forefter, fand the Eftate of W’hich fa- 
 mily is now come by marriage to the Cretas.~\ 
 In this Foreft, iEdelfleda the famous Mercian 
 Lady, built a little City called Cabep-bupg, 
 that is, a happy Town, which has now loft both 
 its name and being ; for at prefent it is only 
 a heap of rubbifti, which they call the Cham- 
 Edistiiry- her ill the Forefl. { Edisiury-hdl, whidi gives 
 hall* name to an eminent Family, and a whole Hun- 
 dred, in tliefe parts, feems to have had the 
 name from thence.)! About a mile or tw" 
 
 d74 
 
 Shcjtwick. 
 
 Hooton. 
 
 from it, are alfo to be feen the ruins of Fi'»-Finbotrow. 
 bmow, another Town built by the fame 
 Lady. ' 
 
 I’hrough the upper part of this Foreft, lies 
 tl^ courfe of the river Wever, which iflues out 
 of a lake in the fouth-fide of the County, at 
 
 called fhereroforel the feat ofRIdle/.’ 
 the famous and ancient family of the Egertons, 
 defeended from the Barons of Malpas (as I have 
 already obferved ; ) not far from Bunbury, 
 wliere they built a College; and from Sef/vK-Beefton, 
 caftle, a place well guarded, by w'alls of a great 
 compafs, by the great number of its towers, 
 and by a mountain with a very fteep afeent. 
 
 This Caftle was built by Ranulph the laft 
 Earl of Chefter of that name ; concerning 
 which, Leland writes thus, 
 
 AJfyrio rediens viBor Ranulphus ab orbe, 
 
 Hoc pofuit Caflrum, tenorem gentibm olim 
 
 Vicinu, patriaque fua memorabile vallum. 
 
 Nunc licet indignas pdtiatur fraBa rui~ 
 nos, 
 
 Tfempm erit quando rurfus caput exeret 
 ahum, 
 
 Vatibus antiquis Ji fas mthi credere vati. 
 
 Ranulph, returning from the Syrian "v 
 Land, J 
 
 This Caftle rais’d, his Country to de- I 
 fend, I 
 
 The borderers to fright and to com- | 
 mand. J, 
 
 Though ruin’d now the ftately Fabrick 1 
 Lies, I 
 
 Yet with Jww Glories it again fhall I 
 
 rife, I 
 
 If I a Prophet may believe old Pro- I 
 
 phecies. J 
 
 Hence, the Wever continues its courfe fouth- 
 ward, not far from Wcodhay, where the famous Woodhay, 
 and Knightly family of the Wilburhams liv’d 
 long in great repute j alfo, by BulkeUy andBulkeley. 
 Cbolmndley, which gave names to two famous 
 and Knightly families ; and laftly, not far,‘^’ 
 on one hand from Baddeley, formerly the featBaddely. 
 of the ancient family of the Praeries ; and on 
 the other hand, from Cumbermer, where Willi- 
 am Malhedeng founded a little Religious-houfe. j 1 34. 
 rOf which fore-mentioned Families ; the Chol- 
 mandleys, or Cbolmleys, were advanced to the dig- 
 nity of Barons of this Realm, in the twenty 
 firft year of King Charles the firft, in the per- 
 fon of Sir Robert Cholmley Vifeount Qiolmley of 
 Kellis in Ireland, and created Lord Cholmley of 
 Wkhe Malbank, or Nantwidr, which faid Ti- 
 tle was confer’d upon Hugh, his nephew’s fon, 
 in the firft year of William and Mary ; who 
 alfo in the fifth year of Queen Anne, was ad- 
 vanced to the higher Honours of Vifeount Mal- 
 peu and Earl of Cholmley. ^ 
 
 Where tlie river touches the fouth part of 
 this County, it paflestlirough heaths and low 
 places, in which (as in other parts of the 
 County) they often, dig-up trees, which theyTrecs under 
 fuppofe to have lain there everfince the Deluge.ground. 
 Afterwards, as it pafles through fruitful fields, 
 it receives a little river from the eaft, upon 
 which is fituated Wtbbenbury, fo call d from 
 Wibba King of the Mercians. Next to that, 
 is Hatherton, ' formerly the feat of the Orbies, 
 after that of the Corhets, and f afterwards oft At prefent, 
 Tfhomas Smith, fon of Sir Laurence Smitb¥jd%\\t‘.^’ 
 then, Dodivgm, the eftate of the Delvefies :Ba- 
 ' therm, of the Griphins : and Shavington of the 
 Wodenoths (who by their name feem to have 
 Q^qqq ^'P^^ig 
 
675 
 
 CO RN AV I L 
 
 675 
 
 * Woden, fprung from the Saxons ; ) befides the feats ol 
 Ann. 1607. other honourable families, which are very nu- 
 merous in this County. From hence, the ri- 
 ver IVpver goes on by Nantvjkhy at fome di- 
 ftance from Midleivichy to Norwich. Thefe are 
 Salt*wich«s. the noble Sak-wiches, about five or fix miles 
 diftant one from another, where they draw 
 brine or falc-water out of pits, and do not. 
 according to the method of the old Gauls and 
 Germans, pour it upon burning wood, but 
 boil it upon the fire, to make it into Salt. 
 Nor do 1 at all quefiion, but thefe were known 
 to the Romans, and that their Impoft for fait 
 was laid on them. For there was a noble Way 
 from Midlewkh to Nortbwich, which has been 
 rais’d fo high with gravel, that orte may eafily 
 difeern it to be Roman i efpecially, if he con- 
 fiders, that gravel is fcarce in this County, and 
 that private men are even forc’d to rob the 
 road of it for their own ufes. Matthew Paris 
 fays, thefe Salt-pits were ftop’d up by Henry 
 the third, when he wafted this County ; that 
 the Welfli, who were then in rebellion, might 
 have no fupplies from them. But, upon the 
 next return of peace, they w ere open’d again. 
 Nantwich. Nantwich, the firft of them that is vifited 
 by the iVever, is the greateft and beft-built 
 town of the County, call’d by the Welfh Hel~ 
 lath Wen, that is, l0}ite-falt-wich, becaufe the 
 whiteft fait is made here ; and by the Latins, 
 Vicus Malbamis, probably from William call’d 
 Malbedeng and Malbanc, who had it given him 
 f Ann. 1607. upon the Norman Conqueft. f There is but 
 one Salt-pit (they call it the Brine-pit) diftant 
 about fourteen foot from the river. From this 
 Brine-pit they convey falt-water by wooden 
 troughs into the houfes adjoyning, where there 
 Hand ready little barrels fix’d in the ground, 
 which they fill with that water ,• and at the 
 notice of a bell, they prefently make a fire un- 
 der their Leads, whereof they have fix in every 
 houfe for boiling the water. Thefe are attend- 
 ed by certain w'omen call’d Wallers, W'ho with 
 little wooden rakes draw the fait out of the 
 bottom of them, and put it in baskets ; out 
 of which the liquor runs, but the fait remains 
 II Of the ma- and fettles 1|. There is but one Church in 
 king ftlc town, but it is a neat fabrick, belonging 
 
 Ray’s Nsr- heretofore (as I have heard) to the Monaftery 
 them words, of Cumbermer. Hence the Wever runs in a very 
 p. 204,. oblique courfe, and is joyn’d by a little river 
 which rifes in the eaft, and paffes by Crew, 
 •53* ' formerly liv’d a famous family of that 
 
 name. At fome further diftance from the weft- 
 Calveley. fide of it, ftands Calveley, which has given both 
 feat and name to that noble family the Cal- 
 'veleys -, of whom, in Richard the fecond’s time, 
 was Sir Hugh de Calveley, who in France had 
 the reputation of fo valiant a foldier, that no- 
 thing was held impregnable to his courage and 
 Minfliu!. condud. Hence the river goes on by Minjhul, 
 
 ( heretofore! the feat of the Minjhuls, fbut now 
 come by marriage to the Cbolmkys of Vale 
 Vale Royal. Royal : I And by Vale Royal, an Abbey found- 
 ed in a pleafant valley by King Edward the 
 firft, where now the famous family of the Hol- 
 Northwicb. crofts dwell ; tlieii, by Nortbwich, in Britifh 
 Hellatb Dit, i. e. the black Salt-pit j where is a deep 
 and plentiful Brine-pit, with ftairs about it, by 
 which, when they have drawn the water in 
 their leather-buckets, they afeend half naked to 
 the troughs, and fill them ; from whence it is 
 convey’d to the Wkh-houfes, near which ftand, 
 many great piles of wood. Here, the Wever 
 receives the Dan, which we will now follow ; 
 Pl>il.Tranf. Thaving firft obferv’d, that, in the year idyo, 
 N.66. there was difeover’d in this County a Rock 
 
 of natural Salt, from which ilfu’d a vigorous 
 lharp Brine, beyond any of the fprings made 
 ufe of in the falt-works.) 
 
 This Dan, or Davan, fprings from the moun- 
 tains which feparate this County from Staf- 
 fordfhire on the caft-fide ■, and runs, without 
 any increafe, to Condate, a town mention’d inCondate. 
 Antoninus, and now corruptly nam’d Congleton; 
 
 fOf this opinion, are alfo Mr. Burton, Mr. "Tal- 
 bot, and others. Wherever it was, it feems 
 probable enough (as Mr. * Burton has hinted)* Comment 
 that it came from Condate in Gaul, famous for^Pyn the 
 the death of St. Martin. For f Cxfar exprefsiy p 
 tells us, that even in his time they tranflated If’ pg 
 themfelves out of that part of into Bri-Gall. 1. 5. 
 tain ; and that being fettled, they call’d their 
 refpective cities after the names of thofe, where- 
 in they had been born and bred. Whether 
 any Remains of Roman Antiquities that have 
 been difeover’d at Congleton, induced our Anti- 
 quaries to fix it there, is uncertain, fince they 
 are fileiit in that matter ; but || it is certain, j| Gale, p. 5c. 
 that the Military way, the courfe of the Iti- 
 nerary, and the diftance from Mancunhm on 
 one fide and De^ia on the other, do all de- 
 termin it to thefe parts -, and altho’ a * Roman- * p*nes R. 
 Altar, of the Iiifcription whereof Condati is the Thoresby. 
 firft word, w'as dug-up at Conscliffe near Berce- 
 bridge in the Biflioprick of Durham (a draught 
 of which fhall be given in its proper place ; ) 
 yet that is fo wholly out of the w’ay, that 
 there can be no ground to remove this Station 
 thither.! 
 
 The middle of this Town is w ater’d by the 
 little brook Howty, the eaft-fide by the Daning- 
 Schow, and the north by the Dan. Altho’, 
 in confideration of its greatnefs, populoufnefs, 
 and commerce, it has deferv’d a Mayor and 
 fix Aldermen to govern it, yet it has only one 
 Chapel in it, and that entirely of wood, un- 
 lefs it be the quire and a little tower. The 
 Mother-Church to which it belongs, is Afibury, 
 about two miles oft, which is indeed a curious 
 fabrick; and tho’ the Church be very high, yet 
 is the weft porch equal to it ; and there is alfo 
 a fpire-fteeple. In the Church-yard are tw'o 
 grave-ftones, having the portraiture of Knights 
 upon them, and in fhields two bars. Being 
 without their colours, it is not eafy to deter- 
 min whether they belong’d to the Brerems, 
 the Manwarings, or the Venables, which are the 
 beft families liereabouts, and bear fuch bars in 
 their arms, but with difterent colours. 
 
 Next, the Dan comes to Davenport, com- davenport, 
 monly Danport, which gives name to the fa- 
 mous family of the Davenports: and ifo/ww-Holmes- 
 Chapel, well known to travellers ; where, with- Chapel, 
 in the memory of f the laft age, a bridge was.|. This, C. 
 built by J. Needham. Not far from this, ftands 
 Rudheatb, formerly an Afylum or Sandtuary toRudheath, 
 thofe of this Country, and others, who had 
 broken the laws ; where they W'ere protedted 
 a year and a day. Next, it runs by Kinderton,^^tiiezw^. 
 the ancient feat of an ancient family, the Ve- 
 nables, who from the time of the Conqueft 
 * flourifh’d here, and f were commonly call’d 
 Barons of Kinderton ; fthe laft of which fami-|I^^^ 
 ly, W'as Anne, foie heir to Refer Venables', who ' ’ 
 
 being marry’d to Montague, the prefent Earl of 
 Abingdon, dy’d without iflue.! Below this 
 place, to the fouth, the river Dan is joyn’d 
 by the Croc, a brook rifing out of the lake 
 Bagmere, which runs by .SmefOH. As this town Brereton. 
 has given name to the famous, ancient, nu- 
 merous, and knightly family of the Breretons, 
 fo Sir William Brereton II added much to itsi| Hath 
 Glory by a very ftately building which he added, C. 
 
 rais’d. 
 
6 -J 1 
 
 c heshire. 
 
 678 
 
 L 58 . 2. dft 
 Fafcino. 
 
 butatteaed. m my baring, by many perfoiis, 
 and commonly bcdiev’d. B,fore any heir of 
 this family dies, there are feen in a lake ad- 
 joyning, the bodies of trees fwimming upon 
 the water for federal days together ; no? much 
 difterent from what Leonardus Vairm relates, 
 upti the authority of Cardinal GranveUan, That 
 near the ^bey of St. Maurice in Burgundy, 
 
 US 'ate' put*Tntl‘'tS 'tfe'LUer'SF'th' t"'?' i*’ t S=>ve Wianington: 
 
 - ' ' ' • .... *^Uftiber of the feat and name to the famous and ancient fa - 1 
 
 Angels. 
 
 DctUs. 
 
 Monks of that place. And it any one of them 
 happen to be fick, there is a fifh feen floating 
 upon the water lick too i and in cafe the fit 
 of ficknefs prove fatal to the Monk, the fifh 
 foretells it by its own death fomedays before. 
 As to thefe things, I have nothing to fay to 
 them ; for I pretend not to fuch myfterious 
 knowledge : but if they are true, they mull 
 
 ^ fttait line, receives from 
 the eaft, Pever. This gives name to the towmPever. 
 tar, by which it pailes ; and which is the 
 feat of that ancient and noble familv, the Mei-^ 
 nilwarrens,^ commmonly Manevjarii^s, one of 
 whom call’d Ralph, marry ’d the daughter of 
 Hugh Kevelioc Earl of Chefler, as appears by 
 an old Charter which * was in the hands of * Now is, C. 
 the heir of this family. The courfe of the 
 Wever is, next, by PVinnington, 
 
 . - - la I 
 
 mily of the IVinningtons .- and then, at fome 
 little diftance from Merbury, which derives thatMerbury. 
 name from a pool under it, and gives the fame 
 to the famous family of the Merburies. From 
 hence, the river runs near Dutton, rheretoforel Dutton, 
 the eftate of that worthy family the Dtattms, 
 defeended from one Huiardm, who was rela- 
 ted to the Earls of Cheller. This family, by 
 
 1 j _ • 1 . \ muu.i.cu 10 uic i:-ans or ^neiter. ipis familv bv 
 
 be done either by Hie Holy Angels, whom | an old cuftom, hath a particular authority’ over 
 
 ,?e or e“ e Harpers of this County, 
 
 Middlcwich. 
 * Ann, 1607, 
 
 Bollock. 
 
 us, or elfe by the art of Devils, whom God 
 permits now and then to exert their Powers in 
 this lower world. For both of them are intelli- 
 gent Beings, and will not produce fuch preter- 
 natural things, but upon defign, and to attain 
 fome end or other : thofe ever purfuing the good 
 and fafety of mankind; thefe ever attempting 
 to ruin, vex, or delude us. But this is foreign 
 to my purpofe. 
 
 A little after Crohe is got beyond Brereton, it 
 comes to Middlevckh, fituated near the union 
 of Croke .and Dan ; where are two fountains 
 of falt-water (feparated from one another by a 
 little brook) which they call Sheaths. * The 
 one is not open’d, but at fet-times ; to pre- 
 vent the Healing away the water, which is of 
 a more peculiar virtue and excellence than the 
 other. Whence the Dan runs by Bojlock, for- 
 merly Boteftock, the ancient feat of the noble 
 and knightly family of the Boftocks, which, by 
 marriage with Anne the only daughter of Ralph, 
 fon and heir of Sir Adam de Bofiock Knight, 
 pafs’d, together with a vaft eftate, to John 
 Salvage. Out of this ancient houfe of the Bo- 
 fiocks, as out of a fruitful ftock, fprung a nu- 
 merous race of the fame name, which fpread 
 themfelves in Chefliire, Shropfhire, Berklhire, 
 and other places. Beneath Nbrtlnvkh, the Dan 
 unites it felf with the fVever, which running 
 
 ever fince one R, Dutton, an aftive young Gen— Chronicon 
 
 tkman of a great fpirit, with a rabble of fuch 
 
 fort of men, refeu’d Ranulph the lalf Earl of 
 
 Chefter, when he was befet by the Welfh, and 
 
 was in danger of being befieg’d by them. Nor 
 
 mull I forget to take notice of Nether-Whithy Nether- 
 
 in thefe parrs, out . of which came the Tufehetts Whitley. 
 
 or Toiuchetts, who are Barons AUfdley di 
 
 Now, the Wever flowing between Fnd^Jham, a Frodelhiun 
 
 caftle of ancient note, and Clifton, at prefent 
 
 call’d Rock-Savage, _ a f new houfe of the Rock-Savage.' 
 
 ges, who by marriage came to a great eftate t 5 o faid, 
 
 here ; fand, in the reign of King Charles the®”"* 
 
 firft, were advanced to the honour of Earls 
 
 Rivers it runs at laft into the aiftuary of the 
 
 Merfey. This is fo call’d from the river Mer- 
 
 fey ; which, running between this County and 
 
 Lancaftiire, empties it felf here ; after it has 
 
 firft pafs’d-by fome inconfiderable towns, and 
 
 among the reft by Stockport, which formerly 
 
 had its Baron ; and has receiv’d the river Bollin, ^ 
 
 whicli flows out of the large foreft of Macles- 
 
 feld. Upon that river, Hands the town of Macles- Maclesfeld. 
 
 feld, from whence the foreft has its name ; 
 
 and where a College was founded by T. Savage, 
 
 firft, Bifhop of London, and then Archbiftiop 
 
 of York ; in which feveral of that noble family, 
 
 the Savages, are bury’d (a). [This town of 
 
 Macclesfield hath given the title of Earl to the 
 
 family 
 
 (a) Here alfo Cln a Chapel or Oratory on the South-fide of the Parochial Chapel, belonging to the Leight 
 of Lyme^ in a brafs Plate, is the following account of two worthy perfons of chat family. 
 
 Here Jyeth ibe body of Perkin A Legh 
 That for King Richard the death did dye 
 Betrayed for righteoufnefs. 
 
 And the bones of Sir Peers his fenne 
 That with King Henry the ffih did vfonne 
 In park. 
 
 This Perkin fervd King Edward the third, and the Black Prince his fon in aU their wars in France, 
 and was at the Battel of Crejfie, and had Lyme given him for that fervice. And after their deaths 
 ferved King Richard the feeond, and left him not in his troubles, but was taken with him, and beheaded 
 at Cbefler by King Henry the fourth. And the faid Sir Petrs bis fenne, ferved King Heny the ffth, 
 and WHS flain at the battel of Agen-court. 
 
 In their memory Sir Peter Legh of Lyme Knight, depended from them, priding the faid old verfes 
 written upon a ftone in tbit Chapel, did ro-edifythit place An. Dorn. 1626. 
 
 On the other fide of the fame Parochial Chapel, in an Oratory belonging to the Earl Rivers, is this Copy 
 of a Pardon grav’d in a brafs Plate. 
 
 The pardon for faying of v pater nofiers and v aves and a U xxvi tboufand yeres and 
 
 xxvi dayts of pardon. 
 
 Another 
 
6-19 
 
 CORN AV 11 
 
 680 
 
 family of Gerrards, the firft whereof invefted 
 with that Honour, was Charlesy created Earl of 
 this place, 3 1 Car. 2 i who was alfo fucceeded 
 by his foil and heir ; by whofe death, it was 
 extiiiS: j and his Majefty King George hath 
 See Oxford- confer’d the honour of Baron of Macclesfield 
 Ihire. on Sir 7 ’honjas Parker (firft. Lord Chief Juftice 
 of the King’s-Bench, and now Lord High 
 Chancellor of Great Britain,) in eonfideration 
 of his diftinguifh’d Abilities, and his impor- 
 tant Services to the Crown.l Upon the lame 
 Dunham. river ftands Dunham^ which from Hamm de 
 Mifcyy by the Fittom and Fenakles, came by in- 
 heritance to the famous family of Booth, f Of 
 which, was Sir George Booth, noted for his Loy- 
 alty to King Charles the firft, and, in confi- 
 deration thereof, advanced to the dignity of a 
 Baron of this Realm by the title of Lord De~ 
 lamei-e of Dunham-Maffey 1 whofe defeendantS; 
 have been fince rais’d to the more honourable 
 title of Earls of Warington.l 
 Thelwall. From hence the Merfey goes on to 'I’helviaU ; 
 
 before it is much paft Knotsford, i. e. Canutes 
 fordy of w'hich there are two, the Upper and the 
 Lower ; and then to Lee, from whence is a family 
 of the fame name, famous not only for its no- 
 ble race, but for the number of its branches. 
 As for Thelwall, it is now an obfeure little 
 village, tho’ formerly a large city, founded by 
 Kins Edward the elder , and fo call’d, as 
 FlorUegus witnefles, from the trunks of trees 
 fix’d in the ground, which enclos’d it, inftead 
 of a wall. For the Saxons exprefs the trunk of a 
 tree by the word Dell, and the Latin Murus by 
 waU. At the very mouth of this river, ftands 
 Runckhorne fcall’d in the Saxon Annals Runco- 
 
 ■ pan, by Huntingdon Rumcoven, and by others 
 Runcouen and Runcofan i 1 built in the I'ery 
 fame age by Ethelfleda, and now likewife re- 
 duced to a few cottages. Since I have fo often 
 Ethelfleda Edelfteda, it will not be impro- 
 
 Elfleda. * ^hat fhe was fifter to King Ed- 
 
 w-^rd the elder, and wife to Ethelred a petty 
 Prince of the Mercians j and that, after her hus- 
 band’s death, fhe govern’d eight years in very 
 troublcfom times, to her immortal Praife. In 
 Henry of Hinuingdon, there is this encomium of 
 her : 
 
 0 Eljleda potens, 0 terror virgo virorum, 
 Viclrix natura, nomine digna viri. 
 
 Te, quo fplendidior feres, natura puellam, 
 
 Te prokifas fecit rKmten hahere viri. 
 
 Te mutare decet, fed folam, nomina. fexus, 
 
 Tu Regina potens, Rexque trophaa parans. 
 
 ’Jam nec Cxfarei tantum meruere triumphi, 
 C<£fare fplendidior virgo virago, vale. 
 
 Victorious Elfled, ever famous maid. 
 
 Whom weaker men, and nature’s felf o- 
 bey’d. 
 
 Nature your fofter limbs for eafe defign’d. 
 But Heav’n infptr’d you with a manly 
 mind. 
 
 lou only. Madam, lateft times fhall ling 
 A glorious Queen and a triumphant King. 
 
 Farewel brave Soul ! let Ceefar now look 
 down. 
 
 And yield thy triumphs greater than his 
 own. 
 
 Below Runckhorne, and more within the 
 County^ ftands the town of Haiilton, where isu, 
 a caftle which Hugh Lupus Earl of Chefter 
 gave to Nigelhis, a certain Norman, uponcon-i 
 dition, that he fhould be Conftable of Che- 
 fter j by whofe pofterity it came afterwards to 
 the houfe of Lancafier. Nor muft I omit, that 
 William, fon of this Ntgell, founded a Mona- 
 ftery at Norton not far from hence i a town 
 * heretofore belonging to the Evokes, an ancient * Now, C, 
 family. Whether I ftiould place the Cangi here, 
 who are a people of the old Britains, is what, 
 after much enquiry and eonfideration, I cannot 
 yet determin f. Antiquity has fo far bury’d all f Vide So. 
 memorials of them, that there remain not the "ifirfet/hirc, 
 leaft footfteps, whereby to trace them. So rhat^'^"'^*’ 
 tho’ Jufius Lipjius, that great Matter of police 
 learning, takes me for a competent judge in. 
 this matter, I muft ingenuoufly profefs my ig- 
 norance, and that I would rather recommend 
 this task to any one elfe, than take it to my 
 felf. However, if the Cedngi and Cangi may be 
 allow’d to be the fame (and I don’t know 
 why they may not j ) then it is probable enough, 
 that they liv’d in |1 this County. For while 1 11 This is af- 
 was reviewing this work, I heard from fonie 
 credible perfons, that there have been twenty jn Co^tnenj| 
 pieces of Lead dug-up on this fhore, of a on Vita. 
 fquare oblong form, and thus inferib’d in the 
 hollow of the upper part. 
 
 IMP. DOMIT. AVG. GER. DE 
 CEANG. 
 
 But in others ; 
 
 IMP. VESP. VJL T. IMP. V. An Chr. 78. 
 
 coss. 
 
 Which feems to have been a monument rais’d 
 on account of forae vidory over the Cangi. 
 
 And this opinion is confirm’d by the fituation 
 upon the Irifh Sea ; for Tacitus in the twelfth 
 Book of his Annals, writes, Tlut, in Nero’s An. Chr. 51. 
 time, Ofiorius led an Army agaiufl the Cangi, by 
 which the fields were wafted, and the fpoil e'very- 
 where carry* d off', the enemy not daring to engage, 
 but only at an advantage to attack our rear, and 
 even then they fuffer* d for their attempt. They were 
 novo advanced almoft as far at that Sea towards 
 Ireland, when a mutiny among the Brigantes, 
 brought back the General again. But from tlie 
 former Infcription, it fhould feem that they 
 were not fubdu’d before Domitian’s time ; and 
 confequently, by a Chronological computation, 
 it muft be when Julius Agricola, that excellent 
 Soldier, was Proprator here. Moreover, Ptole- 
 my pUces the PromoMorium KttfxrtKyv, on this 
 coaft. Neither dare I look in any other part 
 befidethis Country, for the garrifon of the 
 Csonganii, where, towards the decline of theConganii. 
 
 Anotlier brafs Plate In the fame Chapel has this ancient Infcription : 
 
 Orme pro animabus Rogeri Legb C? Eli^abetb uxorU fu,e : qui quidem Rogerus obih iiil. die No- 
 vembrtsy Anno Domtm CQ. v.c. vi. Elizabeth verb obih die Octobris, Auno Domini cp)cccc\xxx\x. 
 quorum animabus propitietur Deus. 
 
 1. e. 
 
 Pr.y for the Souls of So^er and EHnainh his wife: which Roger dy’d the 4th day of 
 November, in the yar of our Lord M. v, e. vi. and Eliiabech, on the fth day of Oflober, in tl,e 
 year of sue Lord Mccctbtijtii. to whofe Souls may God be propitious. 
 
 Roman 
 
 
68l 
 
 CHESHIRE. 
 
 Earls of 
 Cheller. 
 
 Chefler 
 
 Chcfter. 
 
 + Nepvii 
 jilU, 
 
 Roman Empire, a Band of with their 
 
 Captain, tinder the Dux Eritamiix, Itept watch 
 and ward. But I Icare every man to his ow n 
 judgment. 
 
 As for the Earls of Chefln- ; to omit the Sa- 
 xons who held this Earldom barely as an Of- 
 fice, and not as an Inheritance : William the 
 Conqueror made- firnam’d la/w, fon to 
 the Vifcount de Auranches in Normandy, the 
 firfl: hereditary Earl of Chefter, and Count Pa- 
 latine ; gimng unto him and his heirs this ■whole 
 County \ to hold M freely by his fword, as he did 
 (thefe are the very 
 iyerj. Ordf \^'<'ords of the Feoftment, as we have before ob- 
 Vic. p. ^09. ferv’d.) Hereupon, the Earl prefeiitly fubfti- 
 Barons of tuted thefe following Barons, Nigell (now Niel) 
 Baron of Haultony whofe pofterity took the name 
 of Lacey (from the eftate of the Laceysy which 
 fell to them,) and were Earls of Lincoln : Ro- 
 bert Baron de Mont-bault, Senefchal or Steward 
 of the County of Chefter j the laft of which 
 family dying without iflue, made-Ifabel ^een 
 of England, ^ and John de Eltbam Earl of Corn- 
 wall, his heirs : PViUiatn de Malbedenge Baron of 
 Malbanc, whofe f nephew’s daughters trans- 
 fer’d this inheritance, by marriage, to the Ver- 
 nons zivXBaJfets: Rkbard Vemon, Baron of Sip- 
 hrokey whofe eftate, for want of heirs-male, 
 came by lifters to the Wilburbamsy Staffords, 
 and Littleburies : Robert FitzrHugb Baron of 
 MalpaSy who (as I have obferv’d already) feems 
 to have dy’d without ifliie : Hamoa de Mafcy, 
 whofe eftate defcended to the Fittons of Bolin : 
 Gilbert Venables, Baron of Kinderton, whofe po- 
 fterity |1 remain’d and flourifh’d, in a direct line 
 to f this prefent age : N. Baron of Stockport, to 
 whom the Warrens of Boynton (defcended from 
 the noble family of the Earls of Warren and 
 Surrey) fucceeded in right of marriage. And 
 thefe are all the Barons I can hitherto find, be- 
 longing to the Earls of Chefter. MAdo (as it 
 is fet down in an old book) bad their free Courts 
 for all Pleas and Suits, except thofe belonging to the 
 Earl's fword. They were belides to be the Earl’s 
 Counfel, to attend him, and to frequent his 
 Court, for the honour and greater grandeur of 
 it j and (as we find it in an old Parchment) 
 they were bound in times of war with the WeJfJj, to 
 find for every Knight's fee one Horfe with Furni- 
 ture, or two without Furniture, within the Dtvifions 
 of Cbefhire ; and that their Knights and Freeholders 
 fhould have Corjlets and * Haubergeons, and de- 
 fend their own Fees with their own Bodies. 
 
 Hugh the firft Earl of Chefter, already fpo- 
 
 682 
 
 {| Remain 
 and flou- 
 rifli, C. 
 
 So faid, 
 ann. 1607. 
 
 * ffauber- 
 gella. 
 
 ken of, was fucceeded by his fon Richard, who. 
 together with William only fon of Henry the 
 firft, and others of the Nobility, was caft away 
 between England and Normandy 1120. 
 
 He dying without iflue, Ranulph de Mefchines 
 was the third in this dignity, being fifter’s fon 
 
 CO Hugh the firft Earl; and left a fon, Ranulph, 
 urnam d de Gernoniis, the fourth Earl of Che^ 
 fter, a ftout Soldier, who at the fiege of Lin- 
 coln took King Stephen prifoner. His fon 
 Hugh, firnam’d. Kevelioc, was the fifth Earl ; 
 who dy’d An. n8i, leaving his fon Ranulph, 
 lirnam d de BlundevHl, the lixth in that digni- 
 ty, who built Chartley and Beefton-ca^hiS, and 
 founded the Abb^ de-la-Crefs, and dy’d with- 
 out iflue, leaving four fifters, his heirs ; Maud, 
 wife of David Earl of Huntingdon ; Mabil, 
 wife of William de Albeney Earl of Arundel ; 
 
 A^es, wife of William de Ferrars Earl of Der- 
 by ; and laftly, Avis, wife of Robert Haxfifut. 
 Quincy. The next Earl of this County, was 
 John, firnam’d Scotus, the fon of Earl David by 
 the eldeft After Maud aforefaid. He dying 
 likewife without iflue. King Henry the third, 
 charm’d with the fight of fo fair an Inheri- 
 tance, annex’d it to the Crown, and allow’d the 
 fifters of John other Revenues for their Fortunes; 
 not being willing (as the King himfelf worded 
 it) that fuch a t'aft eftate Ihould be parcel’d 
 among Diftafts. The Kings themfelves, when t. Tilius, 
 this County devolv’d to the Crown, maintain’d 
 their ancient Palatine Prerogatives, and held 
 their Courts (as the Kings of France did in 
 the County of Champain) that the Honour of 
 the Palatinate might not be extiuguifh’d by 
 difufe. An Honour, which afterwards was 
 confer’d upon the eldeft fons of the Kings of 
 England ; and firft granted to Edward fon of 
 Henry the third, who being taken prifoner by 
 the Barons, parted with it as a raiifomfor his 
 Liberty to Simon de Montfort Earl of Leice- 
 fter ; but Simon being cut oft' foon after, it 
 quickly return’d to the Crown, and Edward 
 the fecond made his eldeft fon, Earl of Che- 
 fter and Flint, and under thefe titles fummon’d 
 him, when a Child, to Parliament. Afterwards, 
 
 Richard the fecond by Acl of Parliament rais’d 
 this Earldom to a Principality, and annex’d to 
 it the Caftle of Leon, with the Territories of 
 Bromfield and Tale, and likewife the Caftle of 
 Chirk, viixh Chirkland, and the Caftle of O/w/s/dr- 
 ftreet with the Hundred, and eleven towns ap- 
 pertaining to the faid Caftle, and the Caftles 
 of Ifabella and Delaley, and other large Poflef- 
 fions, which by the * Outlawry of Richard* projeriptei 
 Earl of Arundel, were then forfeited to the 
 Crown. Richard himfelf Was ftiled Princeps 
 Ceftria, Prince of Chefter. Bur this title was 
 but of fmall duration : no longer, than till 
 Henry the fourth repeal’d the Laws cf the faid 
 Parliament ; for then it became a County Pala-. 
 tine again, and retains that Prerogative to this 
 day ; which fis adminifter’d by a Chamberlain, at Ann. 1667.' 
 Judge Special, wo Barons of the Exchequer, 
 
 Serjeants at Law, a Sheriff, an Attorney, an Ef- 
 cheator, &c. 
 
 ‘This County heu in it about 6B Parifhes. 
 
 berlain, Vice- 
 Chamber- 
 lain, Baroni 
 Deputy- 
 Baron, Seal- 
 
 Tf^E have now furvey'd the Country of the Comcivn^ who, together with the Cont^ni, Dobuni, flwd muler,’ :^y- 
 ^ Catuellani, made one entire Kingdom in the Saxon Heptarchy, then call'd by them fY)ypcna-pic, liff-Itinerant, 
 flnd-<t>eapc-lon6, but render'd by the Latins Mercia; from a Saxon word COe.apc, which fignifies ^Philazer. 
 limit ; for the other Kingdoms border'd upon it. This was by far the large ft Kingdom of them all, 
 begun by Crida the Saxon about the year 586, and enlarg'd on all fides by Penda ; and a little after, 
 under Peada, converted to Chriftianity. But after a duration of two hundred and fifty years, it was, 
 too late, fubjeBed to the Dominion of the Weft-Saxons, when it bad for many years endured all the- outrage 
 and mifery that the Danijh wars could infiiSi upon it. 
 
 The more rare Plant yet ohfervd to grow in 
 Chefhire, is 
 
 Cerafus avium fruftu minimo cordiformi 
 Phyt. Brit. The leaft wild Heart-Cherry-tree or 
 
 Merry-tree. Near Stock-port, and in other places'. 
 Mr. Lawfon could obferve no other difference between 
 this and the common Cherry-tree, but only in the fi- 
 gure and finallnefs of the fruit. 
 
 Rrr r 
 
 SILU- 
 

 684 
 
 S I L U R E S. 
 
 Wales. 
 
 Silurcs, 
 
 Dimets, 
 
 Ordovices. 
 
 f feems moji ad'vijeakk, befirt luf go to the other parts of England, to take a 
 rotmd into Cambria, or IVales, tohich is flill pqffifs’d by the Pofterity of the old 
 Britaias : though I cannot look upon this as a Digrcffion, but a purfuing of the 
 mojl natural courfe. For this trail is fpread out along the fides of the Corna- 
 vii, and feems to heme a right to be confidefd here, ai in its proper place. Ef- 
 peciady, feeing the Britifh or IVelff), the Inhabitants of thefe parts, enjoy the fame 
 laws and privileges with m, and have been for a long time as it were engrafted 
 into our Government. 
 
 Wales therefore ( which formerly comprehended all beyond the Severn, but 
 
 to wm narrower bounds) ^ was formerly inhabited by three People, the Silures, the Dimets, and the 
 . Y''“°'’iccs. To thefe belong'd net only the twelve Counties of Wales, but alfo the two others lying beyond 
 the oeyern, Hererordfllire and Monmouthfhire, now reckon'd among the Counties of England. To take 
 themthenasthq lie: the Silures {as we gatlxr from Ptolemy s defeription of them) inhabited thofe Countries 
 wtneh the Pl/eljbcall by one general name Deheubarth, i. e. the Southern part ; branched at this day into 
 ilxnew names of Herefordfhire, Radnorfhire, Brecknockfliire, Monmouthfliire, nwi Glamorgan- 
 mire ; mthm which compafs, there are flill feme remains of the name Silures. As to the derivation of 
 the word, I can think of none that will anfwer the nature of the Country ; but as to the original of the 
 Tacitus. Bemlty T^acitm imagines them to have come from Iberia, upon account of their * ruddy complexion, their* CohratisM- 
 curld hatr, cmd their Jituation eraer-againfl Spain. But Florianus del Campo, a Spaniard, is very’*’- 
 pohuve m that matter, and takes a great deal of pains to find the Silures in Spain, and would obtrude 
 upon m Ikmw not what ftories about Soloria and Siloria among the Allures. However, tlx Territories of 
 tiM People were very large (for it feems probable from Pliny and Tacitus, that they were pojfefs'd of 
 all ales,) md the Inhabitattts were hardy, flout, warlike, utterly averfe to fervitude, of great 
 
 ^Idnejs and rttlolution (that fort of it which the Bomans term Pervicacia, i.e. obllinacy and Huh- 
 bornnels,; not to be wrought upon either by threats or kindnejfes : and their Pofterity have not degenera- 
 ted, tn any of thefe particulars. When the Romans, out of a defire to enlarge their Empire, made at- 
 tempts upon tlxtn, they (partly repofing a confidence in the courage and valour of King Caratacus, and 
 partly uaens d by a faying of Claudius the Emperor, That they were to be as entirely extinguiflled, 
 as the Sugambn iad&cji) engaged the Romans in a very troublefome and difficult war. For having iu- 
 tercepted the Auo^mry Troops, and cut off the Legion under Marius Valens, and wafted the territories of 
 their AUtes ; P. Oliorius, Proprietor in Britain, was Mite worn-out with thefe croffes, andfo dy'd. Ve- 
 ranius too, who govern' d Britain under Nero, was baffled in his emerpritx againfl them. For where 
 Tacit. Annal. IdatM jays, Ilium modlcis excurfibus Sylvas popuiatum effe, that hedeflroy'd and wafted the woods 
 LXIV. tmth flight excurjims ; inftead of Sylvas, with the Learned Lipfius only read Siluras, and all is right. 
 
 XT ■ ■ J ’^‘”har, before the reign of Yelpolnn. Tor tZiHi Julius Frontinus 1 k4- 
 
 Laf J t h garrifons of the Legions. A certain Countryman of ours has 
 
 • wrefted that Verfe of fuvenal upon Crilpinus, to thefe Silures ; 
 
 ■ magnd qui voce folebat 
 Vendere municipes frafta de merce Siluros, 
 
 . - — ■ ■ ■ - IJ/ho v)ith hideom cry 
 BaviVd out hU broken Sturgeon in the Streets, 
 
 m if fme of oar Silures had been taken prifeners, and expos'd to fale at Rome. But depend Upon it, 
 }e mfiookthe JenJe oj the Poet. Rr any one that reads that faffage luith attentm, wili quickly perceive % 
 that by biluros he defigns to exprefs a fort of Fifh, and not a People* 
 
 HERE- 
 
\ , •■ . ‘i i A 
 
 jB£Ulg‘VVOO^'’”t '-^ J 
 
 J ^ ’■' r 
 
 chale .j 
 
 jiS-- 
 
 I\intfn. llff i,. 
 
 J.landvfrMne i^Tt'iaen -.^ ‘l 
 
 
 
 '-.ftc’c/ei’toii 
 
 ^mdMon'E/^ 
 
 • 1 ^# Xetton/, 
 
 , t i -i % \ 3 =i 
 
 Dej;e^cl EareA 
 
 Oi-crXee 
 
 /X Xfnc/uUjS'tarki ’' 1 >^ 
 
 ttir^ tA : 
 ~ : JeL 
 
 ’y/urley^ ,ja'«=^'f 
 
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 HE refords HIRE. 
 
 Erefordjhh'ei call’d by the Bri- 
 ^ tains Ereinuc, is in a manner 
 of a circular form : bounded 
 on the Half with the Coun- 
 ties of Worcefler and Gkcefier , 
 on the South with Monmouth- 
 p)ire ; on the Weft with Rad- 
 mr^Are and BrehtockJJAre ; and on the North 
 with ShrofP)ire. . TBcing as it were a Frontier 
 in all the Wars between the Englifli and Welfh, 
 it has upon that account been very remarka- 
 •ble for its number ot Forts and Caftles ( no 
 fewer than twenty eight, ) the greateft part 
 whereof have now little to fliew, befides the 
 name.1 A.Country it is (befides its pleafant- 
 nefs) of an excellent Soil throughout, both for 
 feeding of Cartel, and produce of Coj;n ; 
 and admirably well provided with all necefla- 
 ries for life, infomuch, that it may difdain 
 to come behind any County in England, in 
 point of Fertility. TBut its prefcnt peculiar 
 eminence, is in Fruit of all forts, which give 
 them an opportunity, particularly, of making 
 fuch vaft quantities of Syder, as not only to lerve 
 their own families (for it is their common and 
 ordinary Drink, ^ but alfo to furnifli 
 and other parts of England ; their Red-fireak 
 (frorri a fort of Apple of that name) being ex- 
 treamly valu’d.*] To thefe excellencies are to 
 be added, its fine rivers, the IVye^ the Lug^ and 
 the Munoisjy which after they have water’d the 
 .verdant flow’ry meadows, and fruitful corn-^ 
 fields, at laft meet together, and pafs in one 
 chanel to the Sevem-Sea. f For the making 
 two of thefe ( namely Lug') Naviga- 
 
 Stat. 1 4 Car. ^wo Statutes have been pafl'ed in Parlia-' 
 
 2. n. 47. meiit, fince the Reftoration of King Charles the 
 7 W.3.C. i4.{dcond.1 
 
 The Munovi has its rife in Hatterell-hiWSy 
 which fhooting up aloft, like a Chair, are a 
 fort of Wall to this Shire on the South-weft-; 
 fide. Hence, the river defending, ftruggles 
 Blefiium. Southward along the foot of the hills, to Bk- 
 fiiuniy^ Town fo plac’d by Antoninus, that both 
 tor fituation and diftance, it can be no other 
 than that which ftands upon this river, and is by 
 the Britains call’d Calile-Hean, that is, the Old 
 Old Town. Cafiky and by us The oldT'ov:Di. It is an incon- 
 fiderable Village, but neverthelefs this new 
 name ;raakes much for its Antiquity, for in 
 both .tongues it fignifies an Old Cafile or T'ovjn. 
 Alterynnis, Next to this, lies Akerynm, furrounded with 
 the Seat of' water, . and as dt were a River-Iftand ; the feat 
 the Cecils. former ages of the ancient and knightly fami- 
 ly of the Sit//ters or Cecils j whence was defeen- 
 -ded my right honourable Patron, highly accom- 
 plifh’d vith all the Ornaments of Virtue. 
 Wifdom, and Nobility, Sir William Cecil, Ba- 
 In the time ron of 'Burgbleyy and f Lord High Treafurer or 
 of Queen Eli- England. 
 
 zaheth. hence, the Munow turning Ealhvarcl, 
 
 for a good way parts this County from Mon- 
 mouthniire. and is augmented by the river Dm, 
 HeraU- at a Caftle Call’d Maf-Harald or Hamid Ewias. 
 Ewias. Xhis E'diias-Caftk (to give you the words ot 
 The Family William the iirft’s Book) ims repair d by 
 Aimed of Markberg. Afterwards, it belonged 
 Their Arms, to one Harald a Nobleman. who « a Shield 
 Anem, bore a Fefi, Gules, between lime 
 Salde ; from whom it began to be call d Ha- 
 but Sibvll his ^ Oreat-grand- 
 
 The River 
 Munow. 
 
 * Frtnfftif, r^ld-EviiUS 
 
 daughter, and coheir, transfer ’d it by marriage 
 to the Lords T’regoz,, from whom it came at Lords Tre. 
 length to the Lords of Grandifon, who were goze and 
 originally of Burgundy ; of whom elfewhere. ^«ndifon. 
 
 Now the pore (falling down From the North, 
 by Snotthiliy a Caftle, and fometime the Barony Snotthill, 
 ot Robert Chandois, where there is a Quarry of 
 excellent Marble) cuts itsway through the mid- 
 dle of the Valley, which the Britains, from 
 the river, call Diffrin Dore j but the Englifh, 
 that they might leem to exprefs the force of 
 that word, _ have call’d it Fhe Gilden Kd/e.GiUen Vale.' 
 Which name it may well be thought to deferve, * 
 
 ioriisgddeny rich, and pleafant Fertility. For 
 the hills that encompafs it on both fides, are 
 cloathed with woods ; under the woods lie 
 corn-fields on each hand ; and under thofe fields,' 
 lovely and fruitful meadows. In the middle, 
 between them, glides a clear and cryftal river, 
 upon which, Robert Earl of Ewias eredied a 
 beautiful • Monaftery, wherein very many of the 
 Nobility and Gentry of thefe parts were bu- 
 ried. 
 
 Part of this County, which bends towards 
 the Eaft from hence, now call’d Irchenfeld, iiilrchsnfeld, 
 Domefday Archenfeldy was (as Hiftorians write) 
 laid wafte with fire and fword by the Danes, 
 in the year 715 ; Camalacy a Britifti Bifhop, 
 being then carried away captive. Herein, ftood 
 Kil^ec a noted Caftle, the feat of the noble fa- 
 mily of the jLilpecs, who, as fome report, were Kilpec,' 
 Champions of the Kings of England, in the be- 
 ginning of the Normans ,• which I alfo rea- 
 dily believe. In the reign of Edward thefirft, 
 
 Robert Walkrond liv’d here, whole * nephew* ISeyos* 
 
 Alan Plugenet was honour’d witli the title of a 
 Baron. In this Archenfeld likewife, as we read 
 in Domefday-book, certain Revenues were 
 afljgned by an old cuftom to one or two 
 Priefts, on this condition, that they fhould go 
 on Embafties tor the Kings of England into 
 Wales ; and, to ufe the words of the faid 
 Book, T'he mm of Archenfeld, whenever the Army 
 marches againfi the Enemyy by cufto 7 n make the A- 
 vauntward, and in the return homewardy the 
 Rereward. 
 
 As the Munow runs along the lower part of 
 this County, fo the Wye with a winding courfe xhe River 
 cuts it in the middle: upon which, in the We- Wye. 
 ftern bound, ftands C//^ri/-caftIc, which Willi- 
 am Fitz-Osborn Earl of Hereford built upon hisC^^^\s. 
 own Wafte (thefe are the very words of Domef-C^^vM furtW. 
 day-book, ) but Ralph .de T’odeny held it. It is 
 fuppos’d, that it came afterwards to Walter 
 the fon of Richard Punt, a Norman ; for his 
 firname was de Clifford, and from him the illu- 
 ftrious family of the Clilibrds, Earls of Cum- 
 berland, did originally defeend. But in King 
 Edvard the firft’s time, John Giftard held ic,lnq. 26 E. li 
 who married the heir of Walter Clift'ord. 
 
 Thence the Wye, with a crooked and winding 
 ftream rolls along by which has givenwhitney. 
 
 name to a noted family next by P^Wwartim-Bradwardia- 
 Caftle, which .gave both original and name toCaftlc. 
 the famous Thomas Bradwardin Archbifhop of 
 Canterbury, who for his great \-ariety of know- 
 ledge, aud his admirable proficiency in the moft 
 .abftrufe parts of learning, was in that age ho- ^ ^he pro. 
 nour’d with the -title of \ DoEor found Doftor. 
 
 rUpon the fame river, two miles from Here- 
 ford is E«?wi-w‘all, * a Camp, containing about Eaton. 
 
 ' thirty* Aubr. M5^ 
 
687 
 
 SI LURES. 
 
 688 
 
 rhirty or forty acres. The works of it are Tin- 
 gle, except a little on the Weft-lide. And a- 
 bout two miles from hence, and a mile from 
 Creden-bill i upon which, is a very 
 ’great Camp, and mighty works : the graft here 
 is inwards as well as outwards j and the whole 
 contains by eftimation about forty acres.l At 
 length, the JVye comes to Herefordy the Metro- 
 polis of this County. ^ 
 
 How far that little Tradt, Arcenfeld, reach d, 
 I know not i but the affinity between thefe 
 names, Ereinuc, Arcenfeld^ Ariconium (the Town 
 mentioiTd by Antoninus in thefe parts,) and 
 Hereford Hareford or Hereford, the prefent Metropolis of 
 this Shire j have by degrees induced me to 
 think that all the reft are derived from Arko- 
 nium. And yet I do not believe Ariconium and 
 Hereford the fame j but as Bnjle in Germ.any has 
 the name of Auguf^a Rauracorum, and Baldach 
 in Aflyria the name of Babylon ( becaufe, as 
 this had its original from the ruins of Baby- 
 lon, fo that had it from thofe of Augufia 5 ) juft 
 fo our Hartford ( for thus the common people 
 call it ) had its name and original, in my o- 
 pinion, from its neighbour Ariconium ; which 
 at this day has no clear marks of a Town, ha- 
 ving been deftroyed, as is reported, by an Earth- 
 quake. Only, it ftill retains a flight fhadow 
 Kenchefler. of name, being call’d Kenchefler, and fhews 
 fome ruins of old Walls call’d Kenchefler-PHalls, 
 about which arc, often dug-up ftoncs of inlaid 
 Chequer-work, Britilh Bricks, Roman Coyns, 
 CiTc. [ Here, about the year 1669. was found 
 in a wood, a great vault, with tables of plafter 
 in it. The vault it felf was paved with ftone ; 
 and, thereabouts, were dug-up alfo many pieces 
 of Roman Coins, with large Bones, leaden 
 Pipes, feveral Roman Urns with afhes in them, 
 and other vcflels, the ufe whereof was un- 
 Aubr. MS. l^nown. And upon another view of the place, 
 in the year 1670, was difeorered a Bath j and 
 the brick-pipes w'hich heated it, remained en- 
 . Carries C. Hareford her daughter f would carry 
 
 ' ’ *more exprefs remains of the name ; fif this in- 
 
 deed w’ere the true name. But it is really of 
 a pure Saxon original, implying no more than 
 a ford of the Army : nor ought the vulgar’s 
 pronouncing it Hariford to be of any weight, 
 *5gg,.jjgGiof.when it appears by * our moft ancient Annals, 
 fary, and the that it waS conftaiitly written hepepopb. Which 
 feveral places interpretation doth alfo w'ell fuit the fituation 
 wherein^ it is^f place the Severn being for many hun- 
 mention d. frontier between two Nations 
 
 almoft always at w'ar.l 
 
 This City ftands eaftward, fcarce three Ita- 
 lian miles from Kenchefler, amongft Meadows 
 extremely pleafant, and Corn-fields very fruit- 
 ful j encompafs’d almoft with rivers j by an ano- 
 nymous one, on the north and weft-fides, and 
 on the fouth, by the IVye, which haftens hi- 
 ther out of Wales. It is fuppofed to have 
 firft fprung-up, when the Saxon Heptarchy w'as 
 in its glory ; founded, as fome write, by Ed- 
 ward the Elder : and indeed there is no men- 
 tion of it more ancient. For the Britains, 
 before the name of Hereford was known, called 
 the place Trefavoith, from Beech-trees } and Hen- 
 ford, from an Old luay : and the Saxons them- 
 felves, pepn-leg, from Fern. It owes, if I mi- 
 ftake not, it’s greateft encreafe and growth, to 
 Religion, and the Martyrdom of Etbelbert, King 
 of the Eaft-Angles j who (whilft in perfon he 
 793. courted the daughter of Oft'a King of the 
 Mercians) was villanoufly way-laid and mur- 
 der’d by Quendreda, Ofta’s wife, who longed 
 more for the Kingdom of the Eaft-Angles, 
 than to fee her daughter honourably married. 
 
 He was thereupon taken into the Catalogue ofS. Ethelbert 
 Martyrs, and had a Church here built and 
 dicated to him by Milfrid a petty King of the 
 Country j which being foon after adorn’d with 
 a Bifhop’s See, grew very rich, by the libera- 
 lity, firft of the Mercian, and afterwards of 
 the Weft-Saxon, Kings. For they at length 
 were poflefied of this City, as may be gather’d 
 from William of Malmesbury ,• where he writes, 
 chat Athelflan the Weft-Saxon had reduced the 
 Princes of Wales in this City, to fuch ftreights, 
 chat they agreed to pay him tribute (befides 
 hounds and haw'ks) viz., twenty pound weight j 
 
 of Gold, and three hundred pound of Silver, 
 every year. This City, as far as my reading 
 has carry ’d me, had never any misfortune, iin- 
 lefs it w'cre in the year of our Lord 1055, 
 when Gryffin Prince of South Wales, and Al- 
 gar an Englifhman, rebelling againft Edward 
 che Confellbr, and having routed Earl Ralph, 
 facked the City, deftroy’d the Cathedral, and 
 carried away captive Leofgar the Bifhop. But 
 Harold, having foon fupprefs’d this rebellion, 
 fortified it, as Fioriacenfis informs us, v)ith a 
 broad and high Rampire. Upon this account it 
 is, that Malmesbury (| writes thus ; Hereford 
 no great City, and yet by the high and formidable 
 ruins of its jieep and broken Bulwarks, it floews that 
 it has been confiderable : and as it appears by 
 Domefday-book, there were in all but one hundred 
 and three men, within and without the walls. The 
 Normans afterwards built a very large and 
 ftrong Caftle (on the eaft-fide of the Cathedral, 
 along the river IVye ,* ) the work, as fome re- 
 port, of Earl Miles j which is now ruin’d by 
 time, and falling to decay. fLeland *fays, that* Itinerar.' 
 this Caftle, by the ruins, appear’d to have^^. 
 been one of the faireft, largeft, and ftrong- 
 eft in England. The walls were high, and firm, 
 and full of great towers ; and where the river 
 was not a fufficient defence for it, there it was 
 ftrongly ditch’d. It had two Wards, each of them 
 furrounded with water: the Dungeon was high 
 and exceeding well fortify *d, having, in the 
 outward wall or ward, ten towers of a femi- 
 circuiar figure, and one great tower in the in- 
 ner ward. Some think (fays the fame writer) 
 chat Heraldus began this Caftle, after that he 
 had conquer’d the rebellion of the Welfhmen in 
 King Edward che Confcilbr’s time. Some think, 
 that the Lacies Earls of Hereford were the 
 great makers of it, and the Hohuns Earls of 
 Hereford.l Afterwards, they wall’d the City 
 about. In the reign of King Hen^ the firft, 
 the prefent beautiful Church was founded by 
 Bifhop Reinelm j which his fucceflbrs enlarged 
 by adding to it a neat College, and fine hou- 
 fes for the Prebendaries. For, befides the Bi- 
 fhop (who has three hundred and two Church- 
 es in his Diocefe) there are in this Church, a 
 Dean, two Archdeacons, a Precentor, a Chan- 
 cellour, a Treafurer, and twenty eight Pre- 
 bendaries. I faw fcarce any Monuments in it; 
 befides thofe of the Bifhops : and I have heard, 
 chat "Thomas Canthw the Bifhop, a perfon nobly 
 born, had there a {lately and magnificent tomb ; 
 who being canonized for his holinefs, wanted 
 little of out-fhining the Royal Martyr Ethel- 
 bert : fo great was the opinion of his piety 
 and devotion. [The City is pretty large, and 
 had once fix Parilh-Churches ; but two of thefe 
 were demolifhed in the late Civil wars. It is 
 govern’d by a Mayor and fix Aldermen, a Re- 
 corder, &c. and has an Hofpiral liberally en- 
 dow’d for the maintenance ot twelve poor peo- 
 ple j which had like to have gone to ruin, 
 not the care of two f worthy Perfons preven-and Mr. 
 
 ted £>iggs» 
 
689 
 
 690 
 
 HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 ted it.l According^ to Geographers, the Lon- 
 gitude or this City is twenty degrees, twenty- 
 tour minutes -• T 1 ... ’■ 
 
 * Aubr. MS, 
 Oyftcr*hiIl. 
 
 t.ug, riv. 
 
 Latitude fifty two degrees, lix 
 
 minutes. 
 
 ^ FAbove the City, in the PatiHi of Ditidir, 
 
 - IS a Roman Camp call’d Oyfler-Ull ; which 
 name may perhaps retain fome footfteps of 0- 
 florius Scapula, who commanded in thofe parts ; 
 nnleis it fhall appear to have fome known 
 and fpecial relation to the Shell-fiih of that 
 name.l 
 
 \he. Wye has fcarce gone three miles from 
 this City, but it meets the river Lug j which 
 having run with a rapid ftream from Radnor- 
 Hills, glides with a ftill courfe through this 
 County, from north-weft to fouth-caft. At 
 the firft entrance, it has a diftant profpea of 
 Brampton Brampton Brian, a Caftle which a famous fami- 
 Bnan. jy firnam’d de Brampton, whofc Chrifti- 
 
 an name was ufually Brian) held by a continuM 
 fucceffion to the time of King Edward the firft, 
 when by heirs-female it came to R. Harley. 
 r About the borders between Shropftiire and 
 f Aubr. MS. this County, near Lanterdin, f is a perfeift Ro- 
 Brandon. Camp, callM Brandon, very comraodioufly 
 ftcuated for water, by reafoii of the nearnefs of 
 the river T"eme. It is a fingle fquarc-work with 
 four ports. And about half a mile from hence, 
 on the other fide of the river, w'as the Britift) 
 Camp (now' cover’d with great Oaks,) call’d 
 Comil. It hath been obferv’d in fome old Deeds of 
 the Harleys ( of Brampton-Bryan~ca{lle hard by) 
 that it is written Coxiuall, not Coxall or Coxba’d 
 fo that the place feems to have had the latter 
 part of the name from this vallum or violl , in 
 like manner, as the Wall in Wiltfhire, Walton 
 in Surrey, Eaton s~viall, and Walford under 
 Brandon. A quarter of a mile from Brandon, 
 4 Aubr. MS.t barrows. One of them was caus’d 
 
 to be dug in the year 1662. when they met 
 with a great deal of Coals and fome pieces of 
 burnt Bones. Alfo, in the middle, they found 
 an Urn about two foot and a half high, full of 
 coals and afhes, with fome pieces of burnt 
 bones.l But the Wye has a nearer view of 
 Wigtnore. Wigmore, in Saxon Eyginga-niepe, which was 
 repair’d in ancient times by King Edward the 
 elder, and afterwards fortify’d with a Caftle by 
 William Earl of Hereford, in the waji of a ground 
 (for fo it is in Domefday-book) -which -wm called 
 . Mareftun, in the tenure of Ranulph de Mor- 
 
 timer, from whom thofe Mortimers who were 
 afterwards Earls of March, were defeended : 
 but of thefe, more in Radnor/hire. Three 
 miles off, there is another 'neighbouring Ca- 
 Rlchards-Ca- ftfo call’d Richard' s-Caftle, which was poflefled, 
 lUe. firft by the Sayes, then by the Mortimers, and 
 
 Lords of Ri- afterwards by the Talbots. At length, by the 
 chards-Caflle.^^^g^^^j.5 of T’albot, the inheritance was di- 
 vided betwixt Guarin Archdeacon and Mat- 
 thew Gurnay. fit ftands on the top of a veiy 
 rocky hill, well wooded ; but even in Leiand’s 
 rime the w'alls and towers of it were going to 
 decay.l Beneath this Caftle, Nature Cwhich 
 no where fports her felf more in fhewing 
 wonders, chan in the w'aters,) hath brought- 
 forth a little Well, w'hich is always full of 
 fmall fifh-bones ( or as others think, fmall 
 frog-bones, ) notwithftanding it is ever now 
 and then emptied and clear’d of them ; whence 
 Bane-Well it is commonly call’d Bone-Well. And not tar oft 
 
 ’ Cnft-Caflle, belonging to the famous and 
 
 very ancient and knightly family of the Crops. 
 fin the Park, is a large Camp with two great 
 ditches, call’d tlie Ambry : from whence 1$ i 
 very lovely profpeft.1 , 
 
 Thence the Wye goes on to Lemfler, called 
 alfp Leonminfier and Leom Monaflenum, from a 
 
 Lcmfter. 
 
 Lion that appear’d in a Vifion fto King Mer- 
 
 wald, * upon wliich he began his Nunnery * Lei. Itiner. 
 
 herc ,1 as fome have dream’d. But by the Bri- 
 
 tains it is called Lban-Lieni ; which, lignifv- 
 
 ing a Church of Nuns, and it being certain 
 
 that Merewalch a Alercian King founded Jiere 
 
 a Church iov Nuns (which was afterwards a 
 
 Cell belonging to the Monaftery of Reading i ) 
 
 to feek after another Original of the name, 
 
 would be labour in vain. And yet there are 
 
 fome w'ho derive it from Linum Flax the beft 
 
 kind of which, grows here, fin this place 
 
 (according to tradition) King Merwald crMr-ibid. 
 
 ■walp), and fome of his Succefibrs, had a Caftle 
 or Palace, on a hill-fide by the Town j the 
 place (fays Leland) is novo call’d Comfor-caftle, 
 and there are to be feen tokens of ditches -where build- 
 ings have been?\ But now it glories chiefly in 
 the Wool of the neighbouring parrs ( com- 
 monly called Lemjler Ore,) which, excepting thatLemfier-Ore, 
 of Apulia and Tdrentum, is by all Europe 
 counted the beft. It is fo famous alfo for 
 Wheat, and the fiiieft If-^ite-bread, that £??M-Lemiler- 
 fter- Bread and Weably-Ale (a Town belonging Bread and 
 to the noble family of D’Eureux,) are grown ** 
 into a Proverb. By reafon of thefe Commodi- 
 ties, the Markets of were very much fre- 
 
 quented ; and they of Hereford and Worcefler 
 obferving it, were fo Envious, that they obli- 
 ged them, by Virtue of the King’s Authori- 
 ty, to alter their Market-day j complaining 
 that the confluence of people thither, impair’d 
 their .Markets. {Exo-m this -pdace:, IVilltam Far- 
 mer, Lord Lemfter, was cre.ated a Baron of 
 this Realm, in the fourth year of King Willi- 
 am and <^ieen Mary. I I have nothing 
 more to add concerning it, but that William 
 Breofa Lord of Brecknock, when he revolted 
 from King John, fet it on fire, and defaced it. 
 
 As for Webley, it is feated more xvithin the Webley. 
 Country, and was the Barony of the Verdons 
 the firft of which family, Bertram de Verdon,-QnjQ^^Yec> 
 came into EngLand with the Normans, and his don, 
 pofterity, by marriage with one cf the heirs 
 of the Lnceys of Trim in Ireland, were for 
 fome time hereditary Conftables of Ireland ; 
 but at laft, the eftate devolved, by daughters, 
 to the Furnivals, Burgherfi), the Ferrers of Gro- 
 by, and Cropbull 5 and Irom the Crophulls, by 
 the of Charrley, to the D’Evereux’s 
 Earls of Eflex. Near neighbours to Webly, but 
 more weftward, are, HuntingdonrCaflle, which for- 
 merly belong’d to the Bohuns, Earls of Here- Caille. ^ 
 ford and Ellex i Kinnerfley, which belong’d tOKinnerfley. 
 the ancient Houfc of De-la-bere ; and Rrdjley, ErdQey.j 
 the habitation, for a long time, of the famous and 
 ancient family of the Baskerviks 5 which bred in Baskervile. 
 old time fo many noted Knights : they Gemitic. 
 
 duce their original from a f Niece of 
 the moft celebrated Norman Lady, and flou-^ ' 
 riflied long fince in this County, and its neigh- 
 bour Shroplhire ; and held (to note fo much 
 by the by j the Hamlet of Linton in Cafite, 0/ Fines Hilari! 
 the Honour of Montgomery, by thefervice of giumg^°r" 3 ' 
 the King one barbed Arrow as often as he came 
 into thofe parts to hmst in Cornedon-Chace. 
 
 Now, the Lug h.aftens to the Wye, firlf, by 
 Hampton, where Rowland Lenthall, Matter of Hampton, 
 the W.ardrobe to King Henry the fourth, who 
 married one of the heirs of T'homas Earl of A- 
 rundd, built a very line Houfe, which the 
 anmgsbeys, a family of great note in thefe parts, 
 have a good while inhabited. fOf this Family, 
 
 Thomas Coningsly hath not long fince been ad- 
 v.anced to tlie dignity of a Baron, and Earl ot 
 this Realm ; and his daughter, Margaret Co- 
 ningsby, hath alfo been created Baronefs and 
 Vifeountefs Coningsly of Hampm-Comt. I Thence, 
 
 S f f f Che 
 
6pt 
 
 SI LURES. 
 
 692 
 
 Marden. the Lug rujis by Mardsn^ 3Uid Southu., or &4tKn : 
 Suttun, wiiich, Sutm Ihews fome iindi remains oi' 
 King Ofik’s Palace, infamous for the murder: 
 of King Etheibert ; and Mardeu is noted for 
 the tomb of the faid King EtJielberr, \vho for 
 a long time lay bury’d here m obicurityi before 
 he was tranflated to Hereford. fBctween Siit- 
 ten and Hsit^ordy in a common Meadow call’d. 
 Weigiia. the tVirgms^ ^vere plac’d two large Stones for 
 a water-JTiark ; one ere^Sed upright, and the 
 other laid athwart. In the iate Civil wais, a- 
 bout the year i <5 f 2, they wet c remov’d to a- 
 bout twelve fcorc paces diflaiice, and no body 
 knew how ; which gave occafioii to a common 
 Opinion, T'hat dicy were carry’d thither by 
 the Devil, Wlx.'fl ciiey were fet in their places 
 again, one of tlicm requir’d nine yoke of Ox- 
 en to draw il 1 Near die conflux of tlie Lug 
 and tix eafiward, a Hill, which they call 
 'Marcley-HUlt did in the year 1575. rowfe k felf 
 as it were our of lloep, and for three days ro- 
 A n»v?i^ gctiicr lliovirg its prodigious body forward 
 XJowniain. ^ ix>rrible roaring noife, and overturning 
 every tiiidig in its way, rais’d it felf (to the 
 great afloniflimentof die beholders)to a higl«?r 
 place I by that kind of Earthquake, I fuppofc, 
 which the Naturalids call Bmp^rnixi. Not far 
 from hence, towards the Eafi; likewife, under 
 IvUh)€yn~bilU (by which the eaft-fide of this 
 Ledfeary, bounty is here bounded,) ftands Ledbury^ upon 
 ; a lown of tiote, which fEd- 
 Saxon, a perfon of great power, gave 
 duf, aod to the Church ot Hereford, out of a per- 
 fa5’6?iewasfuafion, that he w-as cured of the Paifle by 
 interceilion of St. Erhclbert. fAt this place, 
 Hofpital w'as founded by ILigb FoWat Bifliop 
 de Niig. of Hereford; for the retrievingof which, when 
 Curia!, 2, it was greatly decayed and impovcrilhod, a 
 "P* I'* Statute paifed in Parliament in the 23 year of 
 Queen ^^izabetkl As for the Militar)’- En- 
 trenchment on the neighbouring lull, 1 need, 
 fay nothing of it, fince in this tra^ { which- 
 was a Frontier, and the feat of war, flrft 
 uetwee-n tlic Romans and the Brlcains, and 
 afterwards between tlie Britains and the Sax- 
 ons ) the like are to be feen in many places. 
 
 CoIwaL [-jqot USury, isColziial; near which, 
 
 upon the Wake, as a Countryman was digging 
 a ditch about Jiis Cottage, he found a CrovjK 
 or Co 7 i)}iet of gold, with gems fet deep in it. 
 It was of a lize large enough to be drawn o- 
 ver die arm, with the fleeve. The Stones of 
 it arc faid to have been fo valuable, as to 
 be fold by a Jeweller for flfceen hundred 
 pounds.1 
 
 Now, the IVyey enlarg’d by the Lugy fetches 
 Bcame Lacy.a winding compafs, firfl: by Holme Lacy, the 
 feat of the ancient and noble family of SaiJu- 
 mores, which was much advanced by matching 
 with an heirefs of the Houfe of Ewias in this 
 County,^ and with Humercembe, &c. elfewhere ; 
 fand, of later years, by enjoying the title of^ 
 
 6rockhaRip> 
 
 Vifeount Sligoe in the Kingdom cf Ireland.’ 
 
 From hence, the Wye pafles [by Brockhampton ; 
 J^car v'Jiich, upon Capellar-hill, is a very large 
 Wobury. fquarifll Camp, called IVobury. It is double- 
 trendied, and near half a mile long, but nar- 
 row. '1 hen, it mnsl between Ro^fe, noted for 
 
 Roffe. 
 Wilton. 
 Baron Grey 
 
 Smiths, and Wilton over-againft it, a very an- 
 Oifile of the Greys, from which fo many 
 famous perfons of that flrname ha\e had their 
 original. It was built, as the common report 
 goes, by_ Hugh Long-champ : but pubJick Re- 
 cords allure us, that King John gave Wilton, 
 with the Oifile, to Henry Long-champ, and that 
 it came by marriage to Willium Fhx.-Hugh, and 
 likewife, not long after ( in King Eduard the 
 
 firfl’s time) to Regimld Grey. Aftef the IVye 
 lias run a little' further, and faluted GodifrkA- GodtiicU-Ca* 
 Cujik, which King John gave to William Earl 61 c, 
 Marlbal, and which was afterwards the prin- 
 cipal feat of the "Talbots ', it takes leave ot He- 
 ret'urdfliifo, and goes into the County of Mon- 
 mouth- rin the South limit of this County, 
 is Do-ward (in the parifh of Whitchurch) a pretty Doward, 
 high hill, on the top whereof, one would guels 
 by the ditches, that there had been an ancient 
 fortificacion ; and what makes it more proba- 
 ble, is, that in digging there for Iron-ore and 
 Lirae-kone, broad Arrow-iieads have been found 
 of late years ; and not long ago, the greatek 
 part of the bones of a Gigantick perfon were 
 found here inter’d, in a place which feem’d to 
 be arcJi’d over. The length of all the joints 
 were twice the length of others of this age ;+Capt. 
 and were given by two f neighbouring Gen- 
 tiemen to a Surgeon in Briflol. I 
 
 In the declenfion of the Saxon Government, 
 
 Ralph fon of Walter Medancin by Goda King^g^^^ 
 Edward the Confeflbr’s lifler, govern’d this 
 County as an OlHciary Earl. But the Nor- 
 mans divefled him of this honour, and fubki- 
 tuted in his room William die foh of OsberA 
 of Crepon, or, as the Normans call’d him, Fitz.- 
 Qshsm, a perfon t'eiy nearly allied to the Dukes 
 of Normandy. He being (lain in the wars in 
 Flanders, was fucceeded by his fon Ro^r fir-^ 
 nam’d de B)eteviU, who dy’d * outlaw cl, * ^roferatm 
 vkgno legitimate iffu'e. Then, King Stephen 
 reflor'd to Robert le Boflli Earl of Leiceileri 
 fon of the heir of Emma dc Bretevill (I fpeak 
 out ol the very original) the Borough of Hereford, 
 and the Caftle, and tlse whole County of Hereford, 
 to defeend l>y i-aheritance ; but to no purpofe. For 
 Maud the Emprefs, who contended with Ste- 
 piien for the Crown, advanced Miles, fon of 
 Walter, Conflabie of Glocekcr, to that honouf, 
 and -made him Conftable of England. Never-Conflatles 
 tiielefs. King Stephen afterwards divefled him 
 of thefe honours. This Miles had five fons, 
 
 Roger, Walter, Henry, William, and Malicl, 
 all perfons of great note ; and who dy’d un- 
 timely deaths, after they had all, except William, 
 fucceeded one another in their father’s eftate, 
 without any iflue. King Henry, amongft other 
 things, gave to Roger The Mote of H-fr^«rd,Ghald. 
 with the u’/w/f Cafile, and the tldrd penny of f/jeCambdz 
 revenues of the Pleas of tlie wioole County cf 1, c, 2« 
 
 ford, of which he made him Earl. But upon Ro- 
 ger’s death, if we may credit Robert Monten- 
 fis, the fame King kept the Earldom of Hereford 11^6. 
 to himfelf. Margaret the eldeft filler of tlioie, 
 w^as marry’d to Humphrey Bobmi, the third of 
 th.at name, and his Pollerity were Conflables 
 of England, vsZj. Humphrey Bohun the fourth, 
 and Henry his fon, to whom King John grant- 2 Par. Chart, 
 ed Twenty pound, to be receiv’d yearly of the third A"* * 
 penny of tlie County of Her ford, whereof he made Paris, 
 him Earl. This Henry marry’d the filter and Lib, wal, 
 heir of William Mandevill Earl of Effex, anddenfis. 
 dy’d in the fourth year of King Henry the Mona* 
 third. Humphrey the fifth of that name, 
 foil ; W'ho was alfo Earl of Effe-x, and had Hum- 
 phrey the fixth, who dy’d before his father, 
 having firll begot Humphrey the fevench upon 
 a daughter and one of the heirs of WiUiatn 
 Breos Lord of Brecknock. His fon Humphrey 
 the eighth was flain at Boroughbrig, leaving by 
 Elizabeth his wife, daughter of King Edward 
 the firll, and dowager of the Earl of Holland, 
 a numerous ifl'ue, viz. "John Bohun, Humphrey 
 the ninth, both Earls of Hereford and Elfex, 
 who dy’d without illue ; and William, Earl of 
 Northampton, who had, by Elizabeth, filler, 
 
 and 
 
6^5 
 
 H E RE F 0 R D S H IWr. 
 
 °^' 1 -°'^ Badlefmer, 
 
 Humphrey Bohun (the tenth and lall of the 
 Bohuns,) Earl ot Hereford, Effex, and Nor- 
 thampon, and alfoConftable of England. He left 
 two danghtOT, Ekmm wife of Thomas de 
 Woodftock Duke of Glocefter, and Man mar- 
 Henry the rf “ to Henry of Lancafter Earl of Derbv W'ho 
 
 tajund. y,„ds crown d King of England. After this, 
 the Staffords Dukes of Buckingham took the ti- 
 tle ot Earls of Hereford : they v^ere defcend- 
 ed from a daughter of Thomas of Woodlhck •, 
 wmch daughter was afterwards marry^d to 
 f So faid, W illiani Bourchier, call’d: Earl of Ew. But f in 
 ann. 1607. our memory. King Edward the fixth honour’d 
 Walter D Eiireux, defcended by tile Bourchiers 
 from the Boliuns, with the title of Vifcount 
 Hereford, whofe grandchild by a fon was after- 
 
 wards created of EJfex by Qiieen Elizabetli. 
 rAndfincc, this title came by tiie faid Walter 
 into the family ot D’Eureuxy it has been pof- 
 fefs’d lii'ft by a grandfon of the fame name, 
 and then by two Roberts, alfo Earls of Eliex. 
 But upon the death of the laft (who was like- 
 wife the lall Earl of that family,) Sir Walter 
 D’Eureux, fon and heir to Sir Edward Dsye- 
 reux, who was the only fon of Walter Vifcount 
 Hereford before-mention’d, fucceeded in the 
 title of Vifcount Hereford. After him, it was 
 eiijoy’d by his fon and grandfon (both Leice- 
 flers-y) and after them, by Edward Devereux, 
 brother to the laft. Who dying without iflue, 
 the Honour devolv’d upon P>ice Devereux, def- 
 cended from Sir George Devereux, brother of the 
 kft Walter, before-mencion’d.l 
 
 
6 % 
 
 6p6 
 
 Part of a Letter, from Mr. Edward Lhwyd, con- 
 cerning his of the Counties of Wales, and 
 
 his Additions thereunto. 
 
 /2V(fo Tranflation, Jhave, wMut favour or pmudia, erideavour dtoretamthefmfe 
 
 1 of the Author : hut whereas / have fometimes differ d m wntmg the Wellh names of 
 Perfons and Places ; I prefum’d few Readers would fcruple to ahow me that Uerty 
 Nor can it derogate any thing from our emllent Author s charahler, that a native of that country fhould 
 metend to a Le clpreiejve knowledge of the Britijh than himfelf However m this crffe,^«l have 
 
 Ltiif; | j 
 
 ctatton only hejore a, r’anouaoes mree Norton the Criticks in the Welfh call this an Iimova- 
 
 the pronunciation whereof, all us’d in printed Books. 1 have alfo, for 
 
 tint! the Lstter K beitt? cowwon tfi dticisnt iWoo. tfsou^p , to h re t u t i -f'/sv 
 
 ^nThl naZ^7churcLil Zmnly joyn^dwith 
 
 Reader. 
 
 Pronunciation of the 
 
 WELSH. 
 
 a, is pronounced as the Englilh Gh amongft the Vulgar in the North, but more roughly. 
 Dh as 7i in the words T'his, ’That, &c. 
 
 (i as the Enelilh G in the words Gain, Gift, See. 
 
 V as the Englifh / in the words Umh, Km, &c. 
 
 mlhe ^efSs m'epromum’das in Englilh, and never abe, Mr pronunciation. 
 
 " denotes a long Vowel ; as Man is pronounc’d Uke the EngUlh word Mam, 
 ' fhews only the Accent in Ihort Vowels. 
 
 
 0 
 
 A 
 
 O