PATENTS FOR INVENTIONS, ABRIDGMENTS OF SPECIFICATIONS. CLASS 98, PHOTOGRAPHY. Period— A.D. 1855-1866. LONDON: PRINTED FOR H.fS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, By LOVE & MALCOMSON, Ltd., 4 & 5, Dean Street, W.C. Published at the PATENT OFFICE, 25, Spdthampton Buildisgs, Chancery Lane, London, W.C. 1905. PRIC^,^, ONB^ SHINING. y ^ PATENTS FOR INVENTIONS. ABRIDGMENTS OF SPECIFICATIONS. CLASS 98, PHOTOGRAPHY. Pekiod— A.D. 1855-1866. LONDON: PRINTED FOR HJS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY F F I C K, By LOVE & MALCOMSON, Ltd., 4 & 5, Dean Street, W.C. Published at the PATENT OFFICE, 25, Southampton Bujldings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C. 1905. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Research Library, The Getty Research Institute http://www.archive.org/details/patentsabrigment01grea 1855] SUBJBOT-MATTER INDEX. [1866 EXPLANATORY NOTE. The contents of this Abridgment Class may be seen from its Subject-matter Index. For further information as to the classification of the subject-matter of inventions, reference should be made to the Abridgment-Class and Index Key, published at the Patent Office, 25, Southampton Buildings, Chancery liane, W.C., price l.s., postage 6d. It should be borne in mind that the abridgments are merely intended to serve as guides to the Specifications, which must themselves be consulted for the details of any particular invention. Printed Specifications, price Sd., may be purchased at the Patent Office, or ordered by post, no additional charge being made for postage. SUBJECT-MATTER INDEX. Abridgments are printed in the chronological order o{ the Specifications to which they refer, and this index quotes only the year and number of each Specification. Actinometers. See Photometers &c. Albumenized paper for photography. See Photo- graphy. Cameras, Photographic. See Photography. Camera stands. See Photography ; Tripod and like stands. Daguerreotype. See Photography. Dark-rooms, Photographic. See Photography. Diapositives, Photographic. See Photography. . Emulsions, Making:. '56. 1716. Making emitlsioits for special purposes is in- dexed under special headings, such as Pood preparations, [Abridgment Class Food &c.] ; 911 SmulBions, Itlaklngr— conr. Medicines &c., [Abridgment Class Medicine &c.] ; Photography ; for ujhich see those headings. Enamels, Photographic. See Photography. Films, Photographic and like. See Photography. Lamps, Actinic. See Photography. Mounting photographic prints and the like. See Photography. Negatives, Photographic. See Photography. Panoramic-view cameras. See Photography. Photograph albums. See Abridgment Class Books. i a 2 18551 SUBJECT-MATTER INDEX. 11866 Photograph frames. See Abridgment Class Artists' instruments &c. Photograph mounts. ,S'ce Abridgment Class < Artists' instruments &c. Photographs, Cases for. Sec Abridijment (,'las.i Books. Photographs, Displaying tor sale or inspection. See Abridgment Class Advertising &c. Photograph stands and frames. See Abridiimeitt Class l<'urnitnre &c. Photography, [iiic/»(iiiig processes of pro- ducing pictures resembling photographs by chemical reaction] : actinometers. See Photometers &c. advertising in connection with. See AbrUla- meiit Class Advertising &c. aerostats, aeroplanes, and aerial machines for snpporting apparatus. See Abridguieiit (Uiiss Aeronautics, albnmenized paper. See printing below. apparatus combined with — microscopes. ''>6. 2614. backgrounds. .See studio accessories below. baths or dishes. .See trays &c. below. boxes and cases for printing-paper. .See plate and like boxes &c. below. hnriiishing. ,See llnisliing behnc. calendering-machines. .See finishing below. cameras — attaching dark slides to. '57. 2.5G0. 'i>5. 1009. backs. '55. 674. '50. 22.)4. 'oS. 03(5. '59. 1156. 2.'i.57. 296.5. 'GO. 1860. 28:J2. dark slides. .See dark slides bclme. baseboards and tailboards. '55. 074. ■ 23G5. '.5«. 2254. '58. 636. '5!l. 1136. 'Ho. 1009. bellows. '.'>(>. 2806. cases for. "55. 674. change-boxes. .See change-boxes below, changing-bags and the like. .See dark-rooms &c. below. combined with — ' • aeronautics, [aero.stat.il. '58. 2425. change-boxes. '50. 2064. '57. 1005. dark-rooms, developing- tents, changing- bags, and the like. '50. 2806. dcvelopinij-apparatus. '50. 2806. '57. 1005. '00. 581. 1860. ;i02'l. '02. 1712. 19()2. '0/. 3175. lixing-apparatns. '50. 2806. '02. 1962. levels and plumbing - instruments. '50. 2064. microscopes. '50. SiKi. sensitized plates and making. '57. 10(15. 1962, "0/. 3175. trays and dishes. '02. 1712. washing-apparatus. '57. 1005. 2614. lilnis, apparatus for '00. 18(;0. 3024. '02. Photography —con t. cameras — coiit. copying. '57. 2459. '59. 2393. dark slides. .See dark slides below. enlarging. '57. 2459. '04. 363. finders. '58. ()3C. '05. 618. focussing-devices. '5.'j. 674. 2533. '56. 2064. 2254. 2806. '5.'*. 2393. 2.557. '00. 3024. '61. IS.5.5. 2073. '02. 1962. '04. 363. folding-up. .See packing &c. below. for producing pliotoaraphs of special char- acter. '57. 2560. 2903. '5S. 636. 2425. '59. 2393. 2557. '01. 1457. 1855. '05. 1009. '66. 449. fronts. '55. 674. 2555. '50. 1295. 2064. 2806. '.->!). 11.56. 2557. 2965. '02. 677. instantaneous. '0/. 1457. 2073. jointed or spiing stays connecting back and front fr.ames. '02. 677. kinematographic. .See for producing photo- graphs &c. above. lens boards. 674. 2.555. '59. 2557. '60. 3024. '02. 677. '03. 478. '65. 1171. lens fittings. .See lenses &e. below. masks and masking. .See masks &c. below. materials for. 'o'.l. 2.557. 2965. '04. 3175. packing and folding-up. '55. 674. '56. L295. 2806] '5!J. 29(;5. '02. 677. panoramic. '57. 2.560. '58. 636. '02. 948. 2459. '0^. 3119. '05. 1009. 1171. screening lens. '02. 948. shutters. See shutters below. stand attachments. '50. .3009. '57. 1005. 2560. '58. 636, '01. 2073. '05. 1009. stands. .See camera stands &c. ')e/ori'. stereoscopic. '50. 2064. 3009. '57. 1003. 29*3. '58. 636. '.-)9. 14()3. 2557. '00. 559. 3024. '6t. 1457. '05. 618. surveying. '58. 636. '04. 3119. turntables. .See stand attachments above. used also as — camera lucidas. '57. 2459. camera obscuras. '57. 2439. with reflecting and like apparatus for photographing round corners. '57. 2560. zoetrojuc. See for producing photographs &c. (idoi'e. camera stands or supports. '57. 2560. '58. mi. '59. 11.56. '04. 363. '05. 1009. camera attachments. See cameras abot'e. tripod and like stands. .See Tripod and like stands, carriers. .See change - boxes ; dark slides ; Oeioic. ceramic photographs. See enamels beloii'. change-boxes. '50. 2064. '57. 1003. '01. 1457. 1936. chemicals for use in, manufacture of. See Abridgment Classes Acids, alkalies, &c. ; Acids and salts, Organic, &c. chemicals, storing, conveying, and applying, (use not specified). 'O'.S. 376. chromo-gelatine processes. '.')•'>. 2813. 2816. 56. 1344. 1983. '57. 1835. 306(5. ';'«. 396. 780. '00. 149. '6/. 955. '02. 1888. '63. 185. '64. 503. 2338. '00. 105. 149. 469. clearing. '55. 2381. clockB and watches for. .See .4bridgmeiit Class Watches &c. 1855] StTBJECT-MATTER INDEX. [1866 Photography — cont. coating plates. See sensitized plates &c. below. collodion. See Abridgment Class India-rubber &c. colouring. '515. 488. 770. 2573. 2808. 2815. 'SO. 2254. '57. 501. '.5«. 780. 1501. 2295. Vii. 1936. '02. 1888. 2582. '04. 44(5. 503. 24G5. 2526. 2953. 3048. '05. 10. 12. 72. 1184. composite photographs, producing. '.55. 2139. '5S. 725. '05. 618. cooling plates. .Set' sensitized plates &c. beloiv. copying documents, drawings, and tlie like. '57. 2295. '00. 149. '01. 193(). '02. 610. '04. 2338. 2165. 2800. cutting and trimming prints and the like. '01. 2197. '00. 105. daguerreotype plates and films. Sec sensitized plates &c. below. daguerreotypes. See positives, producing directly below. dark boxes separate from dish. See dark rooms &c. below. dark-rooms, developing-tents, changing-bags, and the like. '.55. 674. '58. 2425. '59. 1150. '00. 3024. '62. 3298. '04. 2122. '05. 1808. '00. 980. dark-slides. '50. 1373. 2061. 2092. 2254. '57. 2332. 2560. '58. 636. '59. 2557. 2965. '00. 1800. '01. 1457. '02. 677. 24.59. '03. 376. 478. 2083. '04. 3119. '05. 1009. change-boxes. See change-boxes above. developing. '5.-). 674. '50. 198.3. 2092. 2806. '57. 1005. 1835. '00. 581. 1860. .3024. '02. 1712. 1962. 2.598. :}298. '03. 185. 376. 586. '04. 3175. '00. 449. 987. 1334. 2641. dark-rooms, developing-tents, and the like. See dark-rooms &c. above. diaphragms, lens. See lenses &c. bcloiv. diaphragms or masks. See masks &c. hcloic. diapositives, producing liy. See transparencies, lotlier than magic-lantern slides] below. dishes. See trays &c., below. drying. '56. 2092. drying in the manufacture of plates and films. See sensitized plates &c. below. dry plates. See sensitized plates &c. below. embossing photographs. '02. 2582. '05. .56. emulsions. .See sensitized plates &c. belme. enamelling, (p?-ocesses without vitrificiitioii). '05. 3190. enamels, (vitrified onht). '00. 149. '62. 1888. '63. 267. 586. '64. 1060. 3048. '65. 1184. enlarging. '57. 2459. '.58. 2367. '64. 363. 1000. 2465. '66. 473. envelopes or wrappers for packing or storing plates and the like. '04. 2300. etching. See Abridgment Class Printing other than letterpress &c. exposures, determining. fi.vceptiiig Photometers and actinometers ; for which see that heading. shutters, adjusting exposure by. See shutters beloiv. films. See sensitized plates &c. below. finishing, (other than colouring ; cutting and trimming prints &c. ; embossing photographs ; enamelling ; mounting prints &c. ; re-touch- ing ; varnishing). '.50. 660. 1159. 22.54. '58. 1501. '02. 948. '03. 1729. '04. 1111. 2143. 2465. 2953. '65. 56. Photography— con t. fixing. '50. 2806. '57. 624. '59. 51. '62. 1962. '04. 106O. 2526. '65. 677. 2754. 3190. focussing - cloths. See cameras, (focussing- devices) above. frames and supports tor sensitized plates and films. See change-boxes ; dark slides ; above ; lifters or holders, plate &c. below. frames, printing. See printing beloiv. glazing, {iither than enamelling). See finishing above. head rests. See studio accessories belotv. holders or carriers. See change-boxes ; dark slides ; above. holders or lifters. See lifters or holders, plate &c. below. intensifying. '61. 1936. '04. 1060. 2526. kinematographic apparatus. See subheadings for aiypartttiis or processes, such as cameras o'»oi'e. lamps — actinic. '56. 2456. '59. 653. '02. 1516. '63. 335. 1921. '0.->. 3248. '00. 2939. lenses and lens fittings. '55. 674. 2555. '50. 2064. 2806. '57. 1005. 2500. 2574. '.58. 860. 887. 2425. '59. 2193. '60. 1860. 2496. 2639. '02. 677. 948. 1453. 2459. '04. 363. 1000. 2539. '65. 1171. 2937. '00. 396. 473. 1641. 2502. levels and plumbing-instruments. See Abridg- ment Class Philosophical instruments, lifters or holders, plate and like. '.56. 1651. 2092. '57. 1253. '.58. 23. 1136. '00. 3024. '61. 3147. '62. 1712. 3298. '03. 37(). lighting, arrangements for, (other than lamps). '00. 18()0. '61. 508. '62. 1222. masks and masking. 'oU. 2393. '02. 948. 1724. '65. 1009. '06. 1179. 2997. measuring by. '64. 3119. moulding parts of apparatus from pl.astie sub- stances. See Abridgment Class Moulding &o. mounting prints and the like. '55. 2573. '56. 660. 2254. '57. 2,560. '.58. 1.501. '63. 2434. '62. 86. '64. 305. '65. 10. 56. 915. 2891. '66. 1364. 3303. mounts. See Abridgment Class Artists' instru- ments &c. negatives tor photo-mechanical printing, pro- ducing. '55. 426. 2816. '57. 1835. '62. 040. '63. 779. '64. 3048. '65. 2110. 2954. '66. 449. 469. 797. 1334. negatives of special character. See producing photographs &c. below. negatives, producing by other means than photographv. '55. 309. '57. 2295. '63. 2997. '04. 2190. '06. 797. 1.334. negatives, washing. See washing below. ornamenting by. '56. 646. 2887. '57. 501. 1835. 2058. '59. 1653. 2393. '60. 149. '01. 1089. '02. 1888. '63. 207. '64. 1060. 2526. 3048. '60. 1315. 3002. panoramas, apparatus for the production of. See subhe<(dintis indicating the apparatus, such as cameras f(6oi'e. paper for, making. Sec Abridgment Class Paper &c. paper for, treating. See .4bridgme(it Class Cutting &c. 1855J SUBJECT-MATTER INDEX. [1866 Photography — cont. photo-mechanical printing-surfaces. Se? Print- ing, Photo-mechanical, photo-micrography. 'r>0. 89f>. 2614. '62. 3247. photo-reliefs. See producing photographs &c. below. plastic compjsitions for moulding parts of apparatus. See Abridgment Class India- rubber &c. plate and like boxes and receptacles. '.58. 2961. '63. 376. Excepting Boxes and cases, (packing und transit), [Abridgment Class Boxes &c.] ; for ivhich see tluit heading. plate holders or dark slides. See dark slides above. plates. See sensitized plates &c. befoio. positives, producing directly. '5.5. 2139. '56. 1123. 2072. 2092. 2887. '57. 1843. 2560. '5S. 2342. '63. 185. '64. 2800. '«5. 72. printing. '55. 488. 2112. '56. 1078. 1159. 1983. 2092. '57. 501. 624. 2295. '.JS. 725. 780. 2342. •5.9. 51. 1139. '60. 149. 543. 1922. '61. 508. 955. 1936. '62. 1724. 1888. 2906. '63. 185. 267. .586. '64. 503. 1438. 2347. 2465. 2717. 2953. '65. 1174. 2754. '66. 66. 449. 469. 1786. 2997. 3221. boxes for paper. See plate and like boxes &o. nbore. photo-mechanical printing. See Printing, Photo-mechanical. vignetting. See vignetting below. prints, mounting. See mounting prints &c. aboue. prints, trimming. See cutting or trimming prints &c. above, prints, washing. See washing below. producing bird's eye views. See producing photographs &c. beloiv. producing photographs of special character, (otlier than transparencies). '55. 309. 2139. 2573. '57. 1835. 1843. 2560. 2792. 2903. 3066. '58. 396. 636. 725. 1501. 2425. '59. 51. 1463. 2238. 2393. 2557. '60. .543. '61. 508. 1457. 1936. '62. 1453. 1888. 1988. 2582. '63. 256. 586. 2028. '61. 843. 1060. 1438. 2190. 2465. 2800. 2953. 3048. '6.-). 10. 12. 56. 72. 618. 1009. 1171. 1174. 1184. '66. 469. 987. 1334. 2641. 2869. 2997. 3177. cameras. Sec cameras above. producing statuary by. See statuary &o. beioic. receptacles for printing-paper. See plate and like boxes &c. above. reducing in size. '60. 1922. reliefs, photos. Sec producing photographs &c. aboi'e. re-touching. ''>S. 725. rolling-apparatus. See finishing above. screens for producing photo-mechanical print- ing - surfaces. See Printing, I'lioto - me- chanical, screens, rellccting and diffusing. See lighting, arrangements for ahiive. sensitized plates and films. '55. 598. 770. 1914. 2112. 23,S1. '.56. 87.5. 1123. 11.59. 1344. 1(151. 1983. 20211. 2072. 2092. 22.54. 2806. 2887. '57. 501. 1005. 1511. 1S35. 1843. 20.58. 2315. 2792. 3066. '58. 3'.Hi. 780. 2342. T,!). 51. '60. 543. .581. 1788. 1860. 3021. 3181. '61. 9.55. Photography — cont. sensitized plates and films — cont. 1074. 1936. '62. 640. 1962. 2.598. '63. 267. 376. 586. 2954. '64. 1060. 2526. 3048. 3175. '6.% 1313. 1984. 2891. 3190. '66. 449. 469. 1334. 3002. boxes for. See plate and like boxes &c. aboi'e. gla.ss and the like, cleaning. See Abridg- ment Class Washing &c. photo - mechanical plates. See Printing, P^oto-mechanical. printing- paper and printing - fabrics. See printing ,'ibow. shutters. '56. 1373. 2f»64. '60. 1922. '61. 1457. 2073. '6^. 948. '64. 3119. '65. 1009. covers for dark slides. See dark slides aboi'e. stands. See camera stands &c. aboi'e ; studio accessories below. statuary, facilitating production of. '63. 256. '64. 3107. stereoscopic transparencies. .See transparencies below. stripping films from supports. See sensitized plates &c. aboi'e. studio accessories. '6.?. 1222. '63. 286. *65. 2949. '66. 820. toning. '56. 198.3. '57. 624. '.58. 396. '59. 51. '60. 735. '64. 1060. '6r^. 1174. 3190. transferring films. Sec sensitized plates &c. nboiie. transparencies, [of Her than magic-lantern slides). '55. 1523. '56. 660. '57. 1843. 2315. 3066. '58. 396. '59. 2238. '62. 1988. '64. 2:i38. '65. 56. 2954. '66. 449. 797. travs and dishes. '55. 1581. 'o6. 2092. '60. 3024. .3181. '61. 852. '62. 1058. 1712 2598. 3298. '63. 376. trimming prints and the like. See cutting and trimming prints &c. above. tripod and like stands. See Tripod and like stands, varnishes for use in. See Abridgment Class Paints &c. varnishing. '.55. 2808. '56. 875. '60. 832. '6(. 2924. vignetting. '64. 843. 2953. washing. '57. 1005. '60. 3024. '62. 1042. '64. 10(H). 2079. '65. 677. 27.54. wrappers for plates and the like. See envelopes &c. aboue. Photo-mechanical printing. See Printing, Photo- mechanical. Photometers and actlnometers. '66. 23.55. Printing-, Photo - mechanical. '.'>'i. 42(>. 281.5. '.56. 2871. '.'-r. 621. 1511. 183.5. '.58. 357. 39(). 2295. '.'I'-i. 344. 111. 2081. '60. 447. 543. 893. 1299. 2881. 2913. '61. 193(i. '6:>. (i40. 681. 2820. 2892. '63. 267. .586. 779. 98(>. 1588. '64. 2190. 2:i:i8. 2717. 2800. '6,5. 712. 1522. 1541. 1791. 2110. 29.54. 30.53. '66. 105. 239. 324. 449. 469. 797. 887. V.tti. 1918. 3113. photographic negatives for. See Photography. VI 18551 SUBJECT-MATTER INDEX, [1866 Prints. See Photography. Reliefs, Making, by photography. See Photo- graphy. Sensitized plates and films, Photographic. See Photography. Stands, Tripod and like. See Tripod and like stands. Stereoscopic cameras. See Photography. Trays and dishes. Photographic. See Photo- graphy. Tripod and like stands, [including Tele- scopic and other adjustable pedestals and standards]. '55. 674. 917. '58. 1084. 1221. Tripod and like stands— conf:. 1231. '00. 1035. 2772. '63. 2252. '04. 829. 1601. '6.5. 1009. 2065. '60. 1285. Exceptiticj Benches, Work, lAbridgment Class Hand tools &c.] ; Easels, [Abridgment Class Artists' instruments &c.] ; Lamps and burners for lighting &c., (pedestals and stands), [Abridgment Class Lamps &c.]; Reading- desks and music stands, [Abridgment Class Furniture &c.] ; Stands, Card &c., [Abridg- ment Glass Furniture &e.] ; for xvhich see those headings. camera stands, attachments for. S'ee Photo- graphy. View-finders, Photographic. See Photography. Washing photographic negatives and prints. See Photography. Woodbury-type. See Printing, Photo-mechanical. n\ 1855] NAME INDEX. [1866 NAME INDEX. The names in itahcs are those of persons by whom inventions have been communicated to the applicants for Letters Patent. Albites, P. M. T. O. C '(iO. 581 Amtes, P. M. T. 0. C '60. 1800 Alden, a '04. 446 Alexander, T '00. 2913 Anganuirre, L '.56. 1159 Anthoni,C.G '00. :i02) Archer, F. S '55. l'.)ll Ashtoii, K. H '66. Til? Asser, K. 1 '00. 5i:5 Avery, J '50. 1651 Avet,H '65. 2110. '66. 469 Bailev, W. H '65. 56 Barnes, E. J '59. 2238 Baudcsso)!, A '04. 2526 Baxter, E. W '57. 2058 G '58. 2295 Beatty, F. S. '00. 2913 Beauregard, T. de '57. 30()6 Bennett, T '03. 286 Bentlev, B. W '05. 56 Berchtold, A. J '55. 126 Uernard, J '59. 1653 Bornieri, L '66. 2997 Berthon, E. L '04. 1601 Billiug,!'^- II' '02. 2997 Bins, L '66. 23.i5 Blot,J.B.S '62. 3298 Bold, J '57. .501 Bolton, F. J '65. 1522 Bonneville, 11. A '04. 1000 Bourdiii, ft. J '04. 3175 Bourn(s .1. C '55. ()7 1 Bourfiuin, .1. I' '63. 1729 BoiiU; C. B '59. 51 Bradford, L. H '5«. 357 Briges, M. de '66. 2869 Broonian, K. A '57. 2560 '60. 2496. 'HI. 955. '6.2. 640. 1153. 1888. 2598. 2820 •63. 376. '64. 1060. 2526 '65. 712. Bryer, S '58. 1136 Biidenberg, A '05. 2065 Bullock, E '65. 2954 „ J '65. 2954 Biinger, W '65. 2937 Carlerarin, P '65. 3248 Coileur, A '63. 478 (Jhnrarct, N '01. 955 Cheetliam, .1. K '50. 2871 Chevallior, F. A '58. 636 '04. 3119 Choumara, E. X '56. 1716 Clark, W '58. 396 '5!). 653. '60. 3024. '62. 3298. '63. 185. 256. 586. Claudet, A. F. J '04. 3107 Clive, .1. C '.5.5. 2139 Collins, H. G '59. 2081 Corbiit, H. A '59. 1163 Cornides, L '55. 2112 Courtenay, H. H '66. 3113 Cowper, C '57. 3066 '59. 2393 Cox, K '66. 980 Crozat, L '04. 2953 Cnttiiiii, A '58. 357 Cijr, J. Lafon-Saint-. ...'04. 363 Dalglish, A. A '60. 2881 Dallas, D.C '56. 1344 '66. 1334 Dallmeyer, .1. H '04. 2.539 '00. 396. 1641. 2!)02 Dancer, J. B '56. 20(54 Davies, G. ...'03. 2954. '00. 105 Dehenham, W. E '01. 3147 Dcrii-v, K '.58. 860 /)i'.s(«()((/s, G. E '65. 1.541 Dixey, I '62. 2582 Dixon, II 'HI. 1074 Drewett, K '62. 10.58 Dulos, 1'. E. S '60. 447 Du iMont, 11 '61. 1457 viii Uii Motaii, C. .M. T. ...'04. 1060 '0.5. 712 Dupuy,J. T '02. 1888 Earle, W. R '59. 2238 Eden, A. F '62. 3247 Eilloffstein, F. voii '65. 3053 Eidlitz, L '60. 893 Elliott, K '57. 2295 Fargier, A '61. 955 Farreiic, L '62. 1453 Ferrier, J. A '57. 2315 Field, L '66. 1786 Flounders, C. F '00. 1922 Fontaine, F. H '02. 681 Fontaine-Morcau, 1'. A., Conite de '6J. 36.S. 2465 Fowke, F '.J6. 1295 Fox, T '6/. 2717 Fruwirth, D '6/. 2197 Garella, — '57. 2560 Garnett, J '62. 1042 Garnier, A. L '55. 488 (lariiier, H '60. 149 Gavidin, M. A. A '56. 1716 P. I. A '55. 1581 Gedge, .1 '55. 1523 George, B. G '01. 2434 GihaoH, ir '65. 2891 Gill, S '57. 2903 Gilpin, C '00. 449 (iirdlor, C. M '65. 1184 Girerd, J. B '58. 1221 Giltens, A. W '61. 1111 Glover, J '57. 501 (Jrainger, A '65. 1184 Grant', A. G '58. 1231 Green, A. H '04. 829 1855J NAME INDEX. [1866 Grisdale, J. E '62. 677 •04. 2079 Griswold, V. JVI Vi5. 3190 Grubb, T '57. 2574 Griine, W '66. 987 2641. 3002 Griiner, C. B '02. 19()2 Gye, F '6-5. 10 Hall, J. B '56. 660 Harrison, C. C '60. 2496 Harrison, J. A '02. 24o9 Hart, F. W ^-j!). 1139 Haseltine, G '(i2. 1712 Hay, D. S '55. 2808 ,, G. H :..'55. 2808 Hedler, C '66. 1179 Helsby, W. G '65. 12 Henry, M '61. 508 •65. 2110. '66. 469 Hooman, T '61. 1089 Houzeau, P '6^1. 2526 Jtihns. C. J. li '65. 20(i5 Jaubert, L '66. 473 Jefferv, \V '59. 1156 Johnson, J. H '»8. 2425 'in. 3175 „ J. R '02. 2459 Johnston, J 'm. 2072 Jones, D '56. 2887 Kloeu, W '56. 2887 Knight, J '01. 852 „ J. A '60. 2639 Korn,C. F '00. 2639 Kossuth, F '66. 449 „ L. T '66. 449 Lacassagne, J '.56. 2456 Lafarge, J. J. L. li. de '6;?. 2598. '63. 376 La Ferte, P. J. J. de....'60. 149 Lafon-Saint-Oyr, J '64. 363 Lane, F '66. 3221 Langlois, C '56. 22.54 Laroche, W. S '66. 820 Lavater, M. L. J '58. 23 Lee, J '64. 305 Le(j<]o,W. A '65. 1541 Lewis, J '6/. 1936 „ W '.57. 2332 „ W. H '57. 2332 Liebert,A '04. 363 Lixsagaraii, H '02. 1724 Liideke, J. E. F 'Oo. 2028 9i4— Photograp by. Macaire, L. C '60. 1788 McCraw, W '57. 1843 MacfarIane,H '60. 2832 MeLachlan, L '62. 1222 Maliszewski, J '61. 1089 Mann, A '62. 948 Marechal, C. R '64. 1060 '65. 712 Marion, C. M. A '.'yS. 29()1 Marquier, F. L '62. 2820 Martins, 0. A '64. 3048 Massi, C '56. 3009 Mathesou, H '65. 1522 Maugey, P '.58. 887 Maw, A '56. 646 Mawson, J '55. 2555 Mayall, J. E '.55. 2381 Mayer, L. F '56. 1078 Melhuish, A. J '59. 2557 2965 Millof,— '56. 1651 Minasi, C '60. 10.35 M oiler, J '55. 2.573 Monckhoven, D. C. E. van. ...'64. 1000 Monckton, E. H. C. ...'6^. 1516 Montyolfler, L. de '65. 2754 Moreau, P, A., Comte de Fon- taine- '04. 363. 2465 Morris, T '62. 1516 Morvan, A. G '6^^ 640 Moseley, T. B '.37. 1253 Moiiat, .1/ '64. 305 Nadar, G. F '61. 508 Negre, C '57. 1835 Nelson, T '66. 887 Neville, H '61. 18,55 Newton, A. V '57. 24.59 '62. 2997. '64. 446. '65. 3053. H '57. 2903 H. E '60. 473 W. E '.57. 624 1511. 1835. '58. 357. '60. 7.35. '65. 1541. 2754. 2891. Norris, R. H '56. 2029 Oberuetter, J.B '64. 3048 Olley, W. H '56. 896. 2614 Pallu, C '60. 3181 Palmer, H. E '56. 2806 Parker, T '6.5. 3248 Parkes, A '56. 1123 '65. 1313 Pegrani, T '63. 2083 Pein,J.H '5>). 2393 Perry, J '50. 1983 is Petitjean, T '55. 598 Petre, L '5.5. 598 Pettitt, E '65. 72. 618 Placet, P. E '02. 2892 '04. 2190 Poitevin, A. L...'5.5. 281.5. 2816 Foiteviii, .4. L 03. .586 Polvblauk, G. H '61. 2924 Pont, B '55. 309 Ponti, C '6^. 1988 Ponti, J '62. 1988 Putts, F '64. 829 Pouncy, J '58. 780 '63. 267 Proal, C. J '.59. 1653 Prout, V. A '65. 1009 Purnell, J "57. 1005 liafter, H '63. 986 Raniage, J '66. 887 Reissig, T '65. 677 Reissig, 11' '65. 677 Risler, M '63. 2954 Rock, T. D '66. 1285 Rollason, A '55. 770 '64. 2143 Rowland, J. A '05. 1171 Riitlicrford, J. C '00. 7'35 Sabatier, B '56. 2092 Saillard, B '.5.0. 444 Saint-Cyr, J. Lafon-. ...'64. 363 St. Victor, M. N. de. ...'58. 396 Samsoii, L '.55. 1523 Saronv, N '64. 843. 1438 „ ■ O '58. 725. 1501 '65. 2949 Schott, J. B '64. 2300 Schultz, L '56. 875 Schulze, P '62. 2997 Serrin, V. L. M '59. 653 Rims, T "59. 344 Skaife, T....'56. 1373. '66. 2939 Skinner, J '06. 66 Smith, G '02. 2582 „ J. H '6.5.915 „ \V '02. 1724 „ W. H '6.5. 1174 Smvth, C. P '55. 917 Southwell, E '66. 13(54 F '66. 1364 W. H '66. 1364 Spence, W '59. 51 Steele, B. H '60. 735 Steinheil, C. A "6.5. 2937 Stelzl, E '00. 832 Stevens, G '63. 335. 1921 Stortz, P. C '5S. 2342. 2367 Streliskii, L '6.5. 10 Sutton, T '59. 2193 '61. 2073. '6^. 2906 Swan, H '60. 559 b 1855] NAME INDEX. [1866 Swan, J. W '04. 503 '05. 1791. '60. 239. 3303 Sweet, H.K '57. 2792 Teissnnniere, A '63. 185 Thiers. R '56. 2456 Thistlethwaite, W '50. 1159 Thomas, R. W '04. 2122 Thomson, J '04. 305 Toovey, \V Vj3. 1588 Touruachon, G. F '5.S. 2425 '61. 508 Triichehit, J. A' '04. 2465 Vasserot, C. F. Vernon, AV. W.. .■5.0. 1463 .'01. 2347 Wallis, G '00. 1290 Warren, F '58. 1084 Weave, R '02. 1516 Wells, F. R '05. 1984 Whipple, J. A '03. 2252 White, G.G '04. 440 Wilkinson, W '02. 86 Willcoek, J '00. 1800 Willeme, F '03. 256 Williams, V. V '60. 2772 Willis, J '65. 1808 „ W '64. 2800 Wilson, A. B '62. 1712 Winstaulev, D '66. 324 3177 Wohlgemuth. P. F '58. 1221 Woodburv, W. B '64. 2a38 •««. 105. 1315. 1918 Ii'oN,ii«ii-d, n. A '.57. 2459 Worrall, .1. H '03. 779 Wortlev, A. H. P. S....'6J. 2347 irotWiJ, J '64. 2347 PHOTOGRAPHY. Patents have been gr.inted in all cases, unless otherwise stated. Drawings accompany the Speciflcation where the abridgment is illustrated and also where the words Drawings to Specification follow the date. A.D. 1855. Ki'l). 'J. [PfOi-iskmal ())o- 309. Pout, : tevtiuit uiilij.\ Segatives, /jroJiiciiiy by hand. — A sensitized collodion plate is exposed, developed, and fixed, and after washing is coated with dextrin and dried. It is then laid on a black baeliground, and the artist draws the reqnired design, tising points, pens &c. and removing the collodion cleanl}-. The parts or design removed show black, from the background beneath, and if any masses appear too heavy, they may be lightened bj- applying silver white, diluted with water, with a tine l)riLsli. Prints are made by the means usual in nhotography. [I'ru- 426. Bercbtold, A. J. Hci'. risioiHil protection oiilii.l Setititices for phuto-mcvhaitical i>rinii\i(j, jiro- iiticinij ; photo-median icul priniiiKj. — A grain is produced on a negative or positive photograph by printing the grain on its surface, or by per- forating or making strokes, lines or dots by a roller or other instrument. The printing or other marks may be made on a separate sheet of paper. The perforations may pass completely oi- partly through the paper. 488. Garnier, A. Xa. March .5. I'rodnciiui coloured /i/iO(ogivip/is.— A fabric sucli as linen is rendered transparent or semitrnns- parent by coating it with a paste of rice flonr and clipping it in a mixture of wax, Venice turpentine, and linseed oil. Gelatine may also be used. The surface of the prepared fabric is then sensitized and photographic prints made thereon. Alkaline salts, which may remain after ordinary wasliings, 911— 1000-B 01 \Vt 22101 L & M are removed by immersing in pure alcohol. The colours are applied to the back and show through the semitransparent support. Photographic prints on paper may be used in the same way. 598. Fetitjean, T., and Petre, Xi. March 17. [Prori.sionaJ protection only.] Sensitized plates. — The object is to give a per- fectly smooth surface to the plates or sheets of electroijlated copper used in the daguerreotype process. A piece of glass or other material with a smooth surface is electroplated first with a coating of silver. Over this is deposited a layer of copper, and over this a layer of iron or other metal. Plates thus formed are more sensitive to the chemical action to which they are exposed. 674. Bourne, J. C. Maich Camerds; dai-k room.-' : tripod stands; shutters. —A camera is descri'jed with adjustments of back and front, and of lens diaphragms. The camera A 1855] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1855 when folded up is enclosed in a case which also contains a jointed framework for supporting a dc- veloping-tent. The case is mounted on a tripod stand, and the oainei-a on tlie top oF the case, which acts as a baseboard for the camera. Pig. 2 is a side elevation of the camera mounted on the case a, b. The back, containing the dark slide p and focussing-screen q, has both horizontal and vertical swing by turning on the hinge r and on a pivot connecting the plate s to the slide x. The slide .V, the clamping-screws n, and the ends of the stays z slide longitudinally in guiding grooves in the top of the case. The front g and the stays z* are adjustable in transverse curved grooves in the top of the case. The standard f/ is adjustable on a vertical axis. The lens board e is vertically adjustable on the standard (j. The diapi.ragms. consist of a graduated series of FIC.I3. apert\ires in a slide to by adjusting which trans- versely any aperture may be brought ojiposite the lens f. The distance of the diaphragm from the lens may also be adjusted by sliding the tube in which it is mounted in the tube /.-. The shutter is a slide o with an exposure aperture, which slides transversely in front of (he diaphragm. The developing teiit is erected Viy turning down the lid (I and raising the pivoted stays A from the box b so as to support the waterproof cloth or coverii;g P as shown in Pig. 13. The box b contains developing and washing basins and the iiecc!ssary chemicals. It also contains a hinged developing stand littcd with a spirit level. The head and hands of the operator are inserted throughMie opening G which is then contracted bj a string (J. The tripod stand is shown in plan in Fig. 15. Each leg J is in two halves connected by a spring M, and held on the pins of the tripod top I by an elastic band L. 770, RoUason, A. April 7. t^eiisitizcd plates (ind Jilms ; colnitrivq. — Relates to transferring a collodion photograph after colouring to paper, linen, cardboard, bone, ivory, wood, metal, or stone. After a photograph has been taken on collodion coated on glass, colours are applied, and the lilm is varnished. Paper, linen or other material is then cemented to the collodion film by a mucilage preferably of gum arable and honey. The paper with the collodion photograph adhering to it is then stripped ofl' the glass. The collodion film may be transferred to the paper before the photograph is taken. 917. Smyth, C. P. April 24. Tripod and lilce standa are made hollow to secure lightness, and can be filled with water &c. when great steadiness is required. 1523. Gedg-e. J., [Samson, L.]. .July 7. [Provisional protection only.] Transparencies are formed by burning the silver into glass, or by retaining the photograph and using a cover glass. The types (negatives) are arranged in a frame which is placed behind a second frame furnished with di-awings or designs forcombining wit lit he types. The typos (negatives) are copied on to a positive plate by means of a large lens. The pioof (transparency) is formed on a sensitized plate coated with albumen and collodion. Thecolourof thebnrnt-in transparency may be changed to "bistro" by the action of oxide of iron. The oxide of iron may be com- bined with the silver by using protosulphate of iron as the developer. 1581. Gaudin, P. Z. A. .July 13. [fro- visional protection only.] Trays and dishes used as baths are surrounded with a double casing of metal into which a freez- ing mixture or water at any desired temperature may be jilaced. 1914. Archer, P. S. Aug. 24. Sensiti::ed plates and films. — After the negative is fixed, a solution of gutta-percha in benzene or the like is poured over it and allowed to dry. The operation may be repeated until the film of gutta-percha is sulliciently thick. The film is then stripped ofi', cairying the collodion with it, water or other solvent being used if necessary to detach the collodion from the plate. The plate 1855] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1866 may be coated with gutta-percha before applying the collocUon, in which case the film may be varnished before stripping it off, or the surface may be coated with gutta-percha, so that a film is obtained with gutta-percha on both sides of it. The films are used as ordinary negatives for printing. Negatives for this process maj^ be made on metal or other plates in place of glass. 2112. Cornides, Xi. Sept. 19. Sensitized plates; printiiuj. — Glass plates coated with gelatine or glue, as described in Specification No. 2066, A.D. 1854, ai-e printed with positive designs or pictui'es, from negatives, by known photographic means. Sept. 25. [Provisional 2139. Cllve, J. protection o»/i/.] Producing composite photorjraph^. — Relates especially to collodion positives. A joortrait or group is taken on glass and the background is removed. A scene to form a background is then taken on the other side of the glass or on a_ separate sheet which is placed behind the flrstT Figures or objects taken at different times can be brought into one picture. 2381. mayall, J. E. Oct. 24. Sensitized phitcs; printing. — Positives are printed on artificial ivory instead of paper, metal, or glass. One form of artificial ivory is made by immersing taljlets of glue or gelatine in a bath of alumina in sulphuric or acetic acid. Alumina may be mixed directly with glue or gelatine and the mixture made into sheets. Bone or ivor}^ dust may be worked into paste with albumen or gelatine and the paste rolled into sheets. The sheets are hardened by exposure to the air and are then cut into tablets. A mixture of 2 parts of baryta and 1 part of albumen is made into slabs in the same way. The tablets when made are scraped, washed in alcohol, and prepared in the usual way for printing positives. Clearing. — After printing, and before fixing, the slabs may be dipped in nitrosulphuric or nitrohydrochlorie acid to improve the pictures. Nov. 13. [Provisional 2555. nXawson, J. protecttow only.] Cameras ; lens fitti}igs. — At the back of the camera a shutter or screen is placed which serves as a permanent focussing cloth. The body is made of cloth, and a conical tube of flexible cloth connects the body with the lens bracket. The bracket is fixed on a slide operated by a screw for focussing. The base of the camera is fitted with a slotted plate, so that the position of the camera can be adjusted. To render the camera more portable, the lens tube may be dispensed with and the leus be fixed in the bracket, a flexible tube l)eing provided which can be drawn out in front. Nov. 14. [Provisioiml 2573. nioller, protection oiiUj.] Producing coloured photographs. — A transparent positive is produced and transferred to ivory by means of a " gelatine or glass medium," and is coloured by hand. 2808. Kay, 6. H., and Kay, D. S. Dec. 12. CoJoiii'inr;. -Photographic pictures are coloured or tinted with oil paints. In the case of a picture on collodionized glass, the film is varnished with amber varnish The film may then receive a coating of drying oil and varnish or other suitable medium, oil or other moist colours or drj' pigments being applied while the medium is moist. If the second coating is dispensed with, moist colours only can be employed. Aftei- colouring, the picture may be finished in any "desired style and be coated with varnish. 2815. Poitevin, A. Ii. Dec. 13. Ghromo-gelatine processes ; producing coloured photographs ; photo-mechanical printing,--ln pro- ducinga photographic print on lithographic stone, metal, glass, wood, or other suitable material, there is applied to the surface one or more layers or films of a mixture consisting of equal parts of a concentrated solution of albumen, fibrin, gum arable, gelatine, or similar organic substance, and a concentrated solution of chromate or bichromate of potash, or of any base which does not preci- pitate the organic matter of the first solution. The film is then dried, if the design or impression is to be obtained by contact printing. After ex- posui'e, the film, if previously dried, is moistened, and greasy ink is applied, which will only adhere to those parts which have been alTected by light. The print thus obtained may be retained on the surface on which it was produced, or transferred and printed on paper or other suitable material by a lithographic printing process. In the chromo-gelatine mixture may be added colours, so that coloured pictures maj' be thus obtained on paper, glass, or cloth by washing away the jior- tions unaffected by light during exposure. 2816. Poitevin, A. I.. Dee. 13. ( 'hromo - gelatine ; photo - mechanical printing : processes.— A plate is coated with gelatine and is plunged into a solution of potassium bichromate or other salt of chromic acid. The plate may be dried before treatment, or the gelatine may be allowed to set without drying, or the bichromate may be mixed with the gelatine before coating A 2 1855J ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1856 the plate. After exposure in the camera, or under a negative transparency, the plate is plunged into water, which causes the parts not acted on by light to swell or expand. A reverse is now taken by casting with plaster of Paris or by electrotyping. For taking a plaster cast, the plate is treated with ferrous sulphate and then washed, to remove excess, before the plaster is poured upon it. For eleetrotj-ping, the surface is metallized by treatment with potassium iodide and silver nitrate, exposure to light, and, liually, reduction by means of ferrous sulphate. From plaster moulds, metal plates are obtained by stereotyping or electrotyping. From a plaster mould, a reverse mould may be taken in plaster, if required. The plates obtained may have hollows corresijonding to the dark parts, as required for copper-plate printing : or the darker jjarts may be in relief and be printed from like type or wood engraviiigs. A.D. 1856. 646. Maw, A. March Its. \ProiHsiuiial protectio^i refused.] Or)ionif«ti)if/t>i/jj/io/o(;i-f(jJiy.- Surfaces of woven, knitted, or felted fabrics, ribbons, parchment, vellum, leather, &c. for books, dresses, fiu'niture, Jtc. are made sensitive to light, and pictures or designs are printed on them from negatives. 660. Kail, J. B. March 19. Moitiithig print.f (uul fhe like. — Facsimile or duplicate photographs are cemented upon one or more glass plates in such a manner that their lines coincide, the second picture forming a back- ground to the first. The jihotographs, after being treated with oil to render them more or less transparent, are cemented either on to the oppo- site sides of one sheet of glass, or on to two separate sheets of glass, which are then cemented together. One or both of the photograi)hs may be coloured or cut away in corresponding or different parts, or additional coloured liack- grounds may be employed. The jihotographs are protected from the atmosphei-c by the cement or varnish and by the second or additional sheets of glass, and may be viewed eitlier by trunsmitted or bv dii'ect light. 875. Schultz, Zi. A|>ill 11'. i t*rtirii. C. .Tune 5. [Pnifixiimal protection only.] Chrome-gelatine processes ; sensitized plates and films. — In making chemical preparations for photographic and photo - galvanographic pro- cesses, a solution of chromic acid, with or without a solution of iodide of potassium, or nitrate of silver, is added to a solution of gelatine. 1373. Skaife, T. lune 10. Dark slidv.t ; shiittera. — Fig. 7 shows a camera with the dark slide attached, and one form of shutter. The dark slide or frame B is provided with shutters / attached to spindles Ik The- shutters may be opened inside the camera by pulling strings d, d connected with the spindles, and closed by an elastic Iiand c attached to the two spindles, or other spring. Lens shutters /' inside the camera, beliind the lens, are opened by cords (/', d' attached to the spindles (;' outside the camei'a. and closed by an elastic band c' attached to the two spindles. The cords for operating the shutters /, f may be connected as shown in the drawing to operate the two sets of shutters at the same time. Another form of lens shutter. Fig. 4, consists of a plate ji with a circular aperture, which slides in glass guides o inside the camera, l)ehind the lens A. The shutter is drawn to one side of the camera by an attached cortl secured to the closed end of an enclosing rubber tube s, and is held there by a catch : when nOeased it is projected by a spring to make the exposure. The shutter may be FIG. 7. ^^ placed at any angle to the horizon, or vertically and it may be made of steel and a magnet placed at one end of the guides o may be used to increase its speed. 1651. Avery, J., [Millnt. S- FIG. I. .lulv 12. Lifters or holders, plate and like. — - The plate is held, for coating with collodion &c., between jaws B, B'. The jaw B is pressed forward by the spring R and is moved back to release the plat«, by the stem G. The jaw B' is fixed to the tube A' which slides on the rod A attached to the hauflle ('. The tube A' can be fixed in different positions by the screw K. For small plates, the extra jaw D is l)rought into use. ]'"'or manipulating a large and heavy plate, the point c may be pressed into a wall or door. 1716. Gaudin, M. A. A., and Chou- mara, E. X. July '21. Emnlsions, making. — Meat and bones are boiled with water in a double-cased closed boiler heated with steam under pressure. The boiler is not 1856] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1856 quite filled with liquid, and when a cock is opened in an exit tube an emulsion is produced by tlie juice rushing violently out into suitable vessels. Instead of meat, gelatine, grease, or oil, may be used, the product forming an animal food. Wax and rosins may also be used lo produce a mill;y liquid for use in the arts. 1983. Perry. J. Aug. 26. Chromo-gelatine processes; det'elophig ; pr'iiit- hig ; sensitized films; tonirer/. — Relates to methods of making i)rints. The surface ol paper, linen, cotton, wood, or metal is preferably sensitizetl with chromate of ammonia, bichromate of potash, or other combination of chromiiuii or chromic acid with soda, silver, tin, lead, zinc, bismuth, iron, cadmium, antimony, or nickel. In the case of paper, the surface may be previously treated with gelatine or size. After exposure and washing, the print is toned with a salt of iron, such as protosulphate, although tiie acetate, nitrate, tartrate, citrate, oxalate, chloride or phosphate may be used. The print is then washed with a solution of gallic or pyrogallic acid or tannin. The iron may be employed with the chromium as chromate of iron or the iron salts may be used in combination with ammonia without the previous use of chromium. Where great strength or depth of colour is required, soluble salts of silver, tin, lead, zinc, cadmium, antimony, nickel, or liismutli, with or without ammonia, may be applied before the chromium. To produce colour, "cyanogen "and other analogous articles used in dyeing'" mav be used. 2029. Norris, R. K. Sept. 1. Sensitized plates and films. — Collodion films or plates are so prepared as to permit tliem to be used in a dry state. The film after removal from the nitrate of silver solution, or after wasliing and while still wet, is saturated with some substance to fill the pores of the film and keep it in sncii a condition after it has become dry that it will allow the penetration of developing and fixing solutions. Solutions of gum arable, dextrin, starch, gelatine, albumen, gluten and such like substances may be used for this purpose. The effect may also be prod\iced by introducing suital>le chemical substances into the collodion or nitr.ate of silver solution. Sensitized collodion and other lihns are transferred from glass plates to flexible supports of gelatine by pouring a strong solution of gelatine over the film, coating the gelatine when dry with plain collodion, and then stripping from the glass. grooved spindle c round which is passed a chain d attached at one end to the box and at the other to a lever / for adjusting the tension. The focussing may also be etlected by a pinion engaging with a rack on the box h. The sliding front / carrying the lenses is adjusted vertically by a screw » engaging a nut hi on it. A change-box, attached to the camera, Fig. 1, is provided with a sliding inner plate box p containing a series of rectangu- lar frames or plate carriers i;, and a sliding lid q. The lid may be clamped to the camera l)y screws h, and the box p moved in the outer casing o by a grooved spindle i- engaging the racks s to bring any of the plate carriers y beneath an opening in the camera body. When in position, the carriers can be drawn into the camera by the rod .v and 2064. Dancer, J. B. Sept. 5. Cameras; change-boxci ; dark slides ; lens fit- tings; shutters.— A stereoscopic camera. Fig. 1, is provided with an outer box or body a in which slides an inner box b carrying the lens front. The box b ii moved to adjust the focus by a after exposure of the plate returned to the box o. A focussing fiame may be lifted into the camera and returned in the same manner. The rod .v may screw into sockets in thecarriersy ; or the carriers may be dispensed with and the screw sockets attached directly to the plates. The rod .v may also be i)rovided with a clip for holding the carriers or plates. The box p may be fixed in position and the rod .v moved longitudinally in slots in the top and bottom of the camera to enable it to be brought successively over the carriers ij. Scales are provided to indicate when the rod .v is in position over the carriers y. A change-box such as that in P'ig. 1 may be separate from thf- camera as shown in Fig. 8. In this case 1856] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1856 the carriers y are drawn by the rod .v into a dark frame or slide r adapted to be placed over the opening in the top of the plate box, and the bottom of !' is provided with an aperture which may be closed by a hinged shutter 12 when a carrier is in the slide. Another form of change l>ox is provided with a sliding lid of more than double the length of the box ; the end of a dark frame or slide is inserted in an aperture of the lid and brought over any one of a series of jjlate carriers by sliding tlie lid, and the carrier can then be lifted into the dark slide by a rod such as the rod .v referred to above. A circular or other liquid level is per- manently attached to a camera. Revolving diaphragms li. Fig. 2, provided with apertures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and held in position Iiy springs i engag- ing indentations, are pivoted before the lenses of stereoscopic and other cameras. The dia- phragms may be made to slide instead of revolve and the areas of the apertures may be made of known relative proportions. A platje or shutter k Fig. 2 working on a pivot between tlie lenses of a stereoscopic camera is used to cover or uncover the lenses, and its motion is limited by stops. 2072. Johnston, J., |a communication]. Sept. 5. Sensitized plates; poaiticcs, jiroduciiiy directly. — Plates of sheet iron or other metal coated with black japan are used instead of glass to receive a coating of collodion. 2092. Sabatier, Sept. 8. FIC.II. »« II ». G ji ■' Sensitized plates; dark slides; developing; lifters or holders, plate ; trays and dishes; print- ing; drying; positices, producing directly. — Relates to plates for receiving sensitized films and apijaratus for manipulating sensitized plates, chiefly for use in wet plate pi-ocesses, but partly applicable to daguerreotype and like processes. Glass, silvered, and other plates are formed with end projections A, Fig. 3, or such projections may be attached to them, to dispense with the necessity for the operator applying his fingers to the plates. A rectangular box or frame is described in which plates may be placed to ensure attached projections A being placed in the proper position. A glass strip o may be secured to the plate by ferrules and wedges of silver or silvered material engaging the projections A. To facilitate cleaning, the glass or other plate is secured by screw clamps L), Fig 7,to a table A* which may be fixed bj- a screw f to a suitable support. A table for polishing plates is described in which the plate is held by a screw clamp gripping the attached strip 0. A dark slide or frame. Fig. 11, is provided with recesses k, k to permit tlie insertion of plates, F^ig. 3, with strips o attached. The back G, Fig. 11" of this frame or slide is secured by hooks and staples as shown. Sensitized paper may be held in this slide tor exposure in the camera between glass plates resting in projections 2, 2. An instiuineut i:r stand is pi'ovided in which the stri)) o may be held whilst the plate is detached from it. For developing, the plate is clamped between the jjarts .s, t of the holdei', Fig. 13. The part t slides on a strip u and can be fi.xed in any position. A rectangular bath of glass or porce- lain &c., for holding nitrate of silver for sensitizing plates, is provided with projections at each end of the bottom on which the projections A of the plate Fig. 3 rest. A clip consisting of two levers pivoted together and closed bj- a spring is used for inserting plates into and removing them from the bath. A frame, in which plates with projections A. Fig. 3, fit, is provided for insertion in an ordinary printing frame, and a strip of india-rubber is placed in the frame for the edge of the plate to rest upon to ])revent breakage. A stand or table with openings in the top and adapted to receive a spirit lamp beneath it. is used for holding plates whilst heated. Forbromidizing, iodizing &c. a frame is used adapted to receive plates Fig. 3 with strips o attached, and glass strips are placed over the joints to prevent evaporation i>f the ingredients in the frame. 2254. Ziang-lois, C. Sept. 2(i. Cameras; colouring: dark slides; finishing; mounting ; sensitized plates. — Relates to aon- striicting a camera with one side formed by doors, one of which closes at an angle of 45' with the front and is pi-ovided with an opening for examining the picture while focussing. The opening is provided with a light-tight sleeve, so that the arm' of the operator can be inserted for the purpose of opening the dark slide. The dark slide is formed with hinged doors back and front, the face of the back door being white to act as a focussing screen. The slide is provided with central pivots engaging in the camera so as to allow of rotation to reverse the dark slide between focussing and exposing. The camera is provided with screw feet. Positives are prepared on collodion plates which are first coated with a layer of gum to allow of stripping. After exposure, which is done by artificial light, the finished 1856] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1856 positive is coated on its face with plaster of Paris in layers alternatinp; with layers of muslin &c. To remove the glass, the print aiul backing are soaked in warm watei' to dissolve the f;imi ; the collodion sui'tace may then be removed witli ether. To prepare the surface Ibr colouring the liacking is saturated with spermaceti &c. A linal backing of metal or millboard may lie secured l)y shellac. The Provisional Specilicatiou refers to vainishing the surfaeeof the transferred or original print, and colouring with dr}- colours, which are afterwards set l)y warming the varnish. Wood, papier maclie, pajier pulp, japanned metal, silvered glass, talc, alabaster or marble may also be used as back- ing. The printing may be done with a lamp enclosed except foi- a small aperture through which the light passes to a printing-table so that the exposure can be regulated ; weak natural light may also be employed tV>r pictures on collodion, albumen, or other vehicle. 2806. Palmer, X. E. Nov. 26. 2456. Xiacassagrne, J,, Oct. 20. Lamps, actinic. — In a photo-electric arc lamp, the lower of two carbons is supported by a rod .v on an iron piston in a vertical cylinder b, to which mercury is supplied by a flexible tube d from a reservoir n, to feed up the lower carbon. The feeding is controlled electro - magnetically by passage of the mercury up and down through passages in one limb of a series electromagnet y, which acts on an arma- ture i, carrying an india- rubber valve to stop the passages. The armature i is movable In the opposite direction, to open the passages, by a shunt electromagnet h or a spring, this movement being limited by a screw stop j. The upper carbon is secured adjustably on the stem of the lamp by a screw, and a reflector fr is provided. :ind Tbiers, H. 2614. Olley, W. ». Nov. C. Plioto-microfiraplty. — Images produced by the object glass of a horizontally placed microscope, from which the eye-piece has been removed, are reflected by a glass prism or other reflector placed near the eye-piece end on to a sensitized plate or surface in a dark box or camera enclosing I he end of the microscope and the reflector. Cameras; dark bo.vcs ; lens Jittitiys: dereiop- iiKj ; fixiny. — A camera is arranged so that plates maybe sensitized, developed, and fixed inside it. The camera is provided at the bottom with a bag a to hold a vessel of nitrate of silver and a tank of water b heated by a lamp c. \"essels r, s for supplying developer and fixing solution. and a water supply i-eservoii' / made of waterproof fabric, are arranged at the top of the camera. Steam is condensed by a condenser b- through which water flows from /. Eye-pieces i and windows protected by yellow glass and opaque shutters are provided. The plate is held during exposure in a pivoted frame o adjusted by a rack and pinion j), and sleeves with elastic rings for the arms of the operator are provided at the sides or back of the camera. The lens is carried by a frame t' attached to a flexible tube t, the frame being clamped at any desired distance from the frame o by a set-screw as shown. In cold weather the apparatus is warmed by the lamp c and tank !), or by means of a lamp and metal plate. The lens cap is hinged to the camera and operated by a handle on the pin of the hinge. In order that the apparatus may be packed into a small space the sides of the camera and other parts may be made of waterproof fabric. 2871. Cbeetham, J. K. Dec. 3. Photo-meclianical print iny. -A photograph is transferred to copper or other metallic surface, and a printing-surface produced by etching. A photo- graph on glass ol)tained by the collodion process is coated with a varnish comjjosed of shellac and borax dissolved in water, and a sheet of paper coated with the same varnish is then applied to it. When dry it is placed in water and the film stripped from the glass with the paper. The copper &c. surface is coated with mercury by ordinary means, and the film is pressed on to it, when by the application of gentle heat the film may be removed, leaving the silver image or picture upon the metallic surface. Zinc, silver, steel, &e. may be coated with copper and treated as descrilied. In a luodilied process the film is removed from the glass by the use of a solution of gutta-percha dissolved in benzene, and aftt'r ai)plyiMg ty etch- ing the metal plate, treated as above, with a substance such as nitric acid to produce a relief surface. Lithographic printing-surfaces are produced by rendering tlie stone electrically con- ducting, by coating with phosphorus &c., and depositing on this a lilni of copper. The photo- graph is transferred on to this, as above described, and the bare cojjper tlien dissolved away. The stone is then rolled up witli ink and tlie metal picture removed. 2887. Kloen, W., and Jones, D. Dec. 5. [Provisionnl protection oidy.l Positives, producing clirectlu ; sensitized p/d/e.s ; ortiamenting hij photography.— ¥ov positive col- lodion pictures, materials are used which present a black surface and are not brittle, sucli as papier raaehe, metal, wood, &c., covered with varnish or japan. The plates on which the pictures have been taken may be ajiplied to trays &c. made of papier mache. 3009. ItSassi, C. Dec. 19. [Provisional pro- tection only.] Cameras. — When two cameras are used for taking stereoscopic pictures, a stand attachment is provided by which the required inclination is conveniently given to the cameras. In the sur- face of a suitable stand are two jjarallel slits or openings to receive studs or projections on two bars underneath, the cameras being attached to the studs. The bars are actuated by screw shafts to adjust the inclination of the cameras. A.D. 1857. 601. Glover, J., and Bold, J. Feb. 20. Sensitised plates. — White or tinted opal glass, or other substance suitable for forming dials and tablets &c., is treated or prepared for receiving photographic impressions of portraits and other pictures either directly in the camera, or by printing. The surface is reduced or deadened by treatment with fluoric acid or liy grinding. Pictures &c. printed on surfaces thus prepared are capable of receiving colours. The picture or impression is coated with transparent varnisli formed of shellac and alcohol, or otherwise. 624. Newton, March .3. W. Z!., [a communication]. Printing; toning; Jixiiig. - Photographs are printed on paper, for banknotes and the like. They may be silver prints made on large sheets of paper from a number of negatives in one frame. These negatives are copied from a daguerreotype, or from a positive silver print on paper, made from an original albumen or collodion negative on glass. The prints are made on salted paper coated with an ammoniacal silver nitrate solu- tion, and are fixed in a solution of hyposulphite of soda, gold chloride, and silver oxide. P/ioto-mec/ianicflJ printing. — Photographs for the above-mentioned purpose maj- be printed mechanically in ink from electrotypes, made by deposition on an original negative. .\pril 9. [Provisional 1005. Purnell, J. protection only.} Cameras; cJmnge-boxes ; developing; ivashing ; sensitised plates and films. — Relates- to improve- ments on the invention described in Specification Xo. 179, A.D. 1852. To facilitate the sensitizing of the plates, within the camera, a bath contain- ing the sensitizing-ftuid is let into the biittom of the camera. Over tlie back is suspended a clamp, the two jaws of which press against the edges of the plate so as not to damage the sensitized coat- ing, the clamp and plate being depressed into the solution by a rod, and then held in position for exposure. The plate when exposed is removed from the clamp and placed in a drawer at the bottom of the camera, this being effected by in- troducing the hand through a sleeve into the interior of the camera. The drawer, which is covered by a slide, is removed for developing the plate. To facilitate inspection during develop- ment, the top of the drawer is fitted with a cover having apertures fitted with j'ellow glass, the 1857] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1857 bottom of the drawei- beuig also composed of yellow glass. In the side of the cover is a pocket, made of a flexible, light-proof fabric, to contain a bottle fof the developing-solution. There is a trapped hole in the side of the cover, and a valve at the bottom to permit of the insertion and with- drawal of water for washing the plate after being developed. For obtaining stereoscopic pictures, the lens, which is iiiouiitedoii a slide, as ordinarily, is pushed lirst to one side, and then to the other side of the camera, so as to be opposite different parts of the plate, a suitable partition being pro- vided, which can be turned out of the way by a button on the outside to remove the plate. The camera, to enable it to be moved for taking the second stereoscopic picture, is arranged to slide on a board which is capable of turning on a centre carried by the tripod, tlie movement being con- trolled by adjustable stops. May 4. [Pruviaioiutl 1253. nXoseley, T. protection otily.] Liftei-a or holders, pliih' and likr. — To a wooden lutndle is flxed an annular piece of wood &c. in which is placed a bell-shaped "piece of india- rubber connected by a wire to one end of a horizontal lever, the fulcrum of which is a pin passing through the handle. On forcing down the lever, the india-rubber is raised in the wooden ring, producing a i)artial vacuum, and causing the india-rubber to adhere to any article against which it is placed. The lever may be held by a sliding link or other mean.s. 1511. Newton, W. E., fa conununication]. May 27. Sensitized plates; pholo-iiwiltanind print iinj. — Engravers' blocks aie prepared tor receiving a photographic impression by rubbing into the surface a varnish consisting of asjihaltuni varnish, lampblack, and etiioi-. Scveial tiiin coatings may lie rul)bed in. The block is afterwards coated with collodion and sensitized with nitrate of silver, and, after exposure, is developed, tixed, and washed. 1835. Newton, W. E., [Neyre, C.]. July 1. Photo-mecluuiiad priutinxj ; ornamenting by phot oyrnphij. — In a process for producing orna- mented metal or other surfaces, and intaglio or relief printing-surfaces, the surface to be treated is coated with light-sensitive organic materials, which are also capable of protecting the surface from acids or electrolytic action. Bitumens dissolved in essential oils, gelatine and benzene, or albumen and gums, with the addition of potassium bichromate, are suitable coating- materials. The coated surface is exposed in a camera or under a photographic negative or positive, according as the linished surface is to be used in copper-plate or letterpress printing. The parts of the coating not acted on by the light ai-e then washed away by a solvent, such^s naphtha, benzene, water, &c. The remaining part^ act as a resist in the further treatment of the surface. The exposed parts of the surface may be eaten away by sulphuric, nitric, or other acid, or by means of an electric current. In the latter case, the plate is used as an anode in an electrolytic cell containing a solution of a salt of the metal to be removed or of a metal of the same nature. In operating upon zinc, steel &c. to obtain a relief engi-aving, a reversed photographic negative is used After the iirst part of the engraving pro- cess, the parts attacked are wetted with gum solution and the gelatine &c. coating is covered and strengthened by ink applied by means of a roller. A steel place engraved in this manner may be used as a matrix from which designs may be struck. A relief engraving may also be pro- duced by exposing a coated copper or silver plate under an ordinary photographic negative and removing the soluble portions of the coating. A copper deposit then producetl by electro- deposition on the plate is removed, and a proof is taken from it in printers' ink on thin and lightly- sized pa))er. This proof is applied to a metal, marble, stone, &c. surface to act as a resist in the deposition of another metal coating in the manner already described. The original metal plate if polished, may otherwise have the parts not covered by the photographic resist covered with a protecting tilm by exposure to air to act as a resist in the removal of the gelatine and the underlying parts of the plate by acid to form intaglio or relief engravings. Reproductions in copper of an engraved steel plate are obtained by depositing lirst gold or platinum and then copper upon it, detaching the deposit, and hnally form- ing a second deposit on the lirst. In another process, a sensitive coating of a silver or other suitable metallic salt is exposed a.s described above. The salt in the parts of the coating acted on by the light is reduced to the metal in order that a layer of copper may be deposited upon it. This reduction is carried out by immersion in a bath of gallic acid and silver nitrate in the case of silver, by immersion in a solution of a metallic salt and subsequent exposui-e to phosphorus vapour, or by a lengthened exposure to light. In some ease.s, a layei- of copper tilings is spread over the whole picture, after the copper deposit is of suflicient thickness, in order to allow of the further deposition of copper to connect up the previously deposited parts into a solid plate. 1843. nXcCraw, W. .lulv 2. [Proyisioiia/ protection only.] Positives, producing directly upon porcelain, white or opal glass, ivory, bone, mother of pearl, prepared wood, or enamels. The slab of porcelain &c. is coated with collodion and sensitized with silver nitrate. After exposure it is treated with a weak solution of ferrous sulphate, pyro- gallic acid or other developer, and is innnediately washed. It is then momentarily exposed to the action of subdued daylight or artificial light and is immediately treated with a develo|)ing lluid, when the image appears as a positive but i-eversed. To obviate this reversal, a negative is taken on glass and placed in front of the caoiera, and a 10 1857] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1857 mirror is placed behind the image at an angle of 45". The porcelain &c. slab is then exposed, developed and lixed with cyanide of potassium or hyposniphite ol soda, and Uniilly washed. At this stage chloride of gold may be apjilied. The picture is dried, heated, varnished, and it may l)c coloured. Positive transparent photographic slides for the stereoscope on white, opal or transparent glass may be produced by tliis process. 2058. taxter, IS. W. .July 28. Oniamejitiiicj bij pliotofjmphii : sensitUed platen and fihns.'-Vor producing plain or ornamental writing, and ornamental designs, in gold, silver, and other metals, and in pigments and colours, npou glass surfaces, which are used for labels, advertising tablets, &c., the part of the glass to be ornamented is tirst coated with weak isinglass size and overlaid with say gokl or silver leaf. The metal leaf is then backed with a photographic varnish in a solvent such as naphtha or any suitable spirit, a solution of an asphaltum varnish, like Brunswick black, in turpentine being preferred. A negative of the device to be copied, either on glass, gelatine or thin or transparent paper, is placed over the backed surface, which is then exposed to light. The unfixed varnish is removed with turpentine or other solvent and the exposed gold and silver removed by means of damp cottou wool. The design may be finished by hand, when open letters or devices are to be filled in with colour. When using pigments in place of metal leaf, they are mixed with a resinous varnish or gold size and thinly spread on the glass, which is then treated as before. Frosted silver devices for bordering mirrors are obtained by coating the glass with suitable varnish as before and over- laying it with a positive pattern on transparent or semi-transparent paper, which in this case is used as a negative. The unfixed pattern is washed off with solvent, and this exposed glass surface acted on with fluoric acid. The varnish is then cleaned olT and the ornamented sui'face silvered in the usual way. In the Provisional Specification Ijenzene, camphine, or any essential oil is stated to be used to dissolve the photo- graphic varnish. 2295. SlUott, XI. Sept. 1. yef/atives, producing by hand ; copying drawings and the like; printing. — To enable pictures to be reproduced with all the truth of an engraving, a negative is specially prepared by hand so as to give the precise lights and shades. With this view a suitable piece of glass is brushed over with a thin, transparent paste or the like, and on this the outline of the picture is traced. Then a dark- coloured cloth is placed behind the glass, and the picture, in one colour, is painted on the glass, with the desired shades. From this an impression is taken on sensitized paper by printing in the ordinary way. An impression of lace or similar fabrics may be obtained by using the lace &c., fixed to glass, as a negative. 2315. Ferrier, J. A. Sept. 4. [Provisional pi'Otcction only.] Producing Iransjxircncien. — Transparencies are prepared on a surface of gelatine, dissolved gutta- percha, collodion, dissolved india-rubber, siccative oils, mucilaginous substances, starch, or other amylaceous substances such as arruwroot, tapioca, fic'.. soluble or fusible resins, galipot, pounce, or white or yellow wax, either dissolved or melted. The positive is prepared by coating a surface of liorcelain, alabaster, white marble, glass, &c. with collodion. After drying, the surface is flooded with albumen, and is drained and dried. The prepared surface is sensitized with aceto-nitrate of silver and is washed and dried before exposure. The positive is developed with gallic acid, fixed, and coloured. The positive is coated with gelatine &c. which may be coloured, and, after complete drying or cooling, is stripped by first cutting round near the edge. The ti'ans- parencies may be stereoscopic. 2332. Lewis, W., and Xiewls. W. H. Sept. 7. Dark slides for wet plate processes. The slide is pro- vided with a cut-ott' rod c of black glass &c. which is held up to the draw slide b or the recess 8 by a spring 6. The end of the recess holding the rod c is closed by a cork to facilitate the removal and cleaning of the rod. The lower part of the slide is fitted with a long bottle- shaped trough d to receive dripping from the plate. The trough is provided at one end with a neck e which can be closed by a cork. The carrier frame / is recessed at the corners to receive flanged solid corner pieces h of glass or other inactive material to support the plate ; g is the back closing door, 4 the pressure spring, and 3 is a projection for the securing- catch. FIC.2 2459. Newton, A, V., [irooduvird, D. A.]. Sept. 22. Cameras; eidarging. — A box camera is arranged for projecting the image of a negative on a sensitized surface for producing a print, or for projecting the image of a positive on a suitable surface for tracing or painting. The apparatus consists of a box camera A with focussing-lens D and an internal focussing carrier B for the negative or positive C. The negative &c. is illuminated by 11 1857] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1857 suiilij^lit ))r means of a plaiio-poiivex leus G nioiiiileil in a mtatablc sict've .1 to which the reflector J£ is pivotwl. The reflector H and sleeve J are adjusted by racks and pinions. 2560. Brooman, It. A., \<:,irell. ■^•-M": net. "Tt^ ' •tH;-".'?.-V---'-'-""^1-i>C Camerns for taking panoramic pictures, either negatives or metal positives. The camera, Figs. 4 and 6, is arranged with the lens O set at one end of the front and situated opposite an adjustable slot ni' in a screen m which divides the camera longitudinally. The back of the camera is provided wi( h a floor opposite the slot m- for focussing. The plate carrier I) has bearings so that it can move frooly in and out of the camera, an outei' projecting portion having rollers for engaging with curved guides on the camera sup- port. The draw slide of the plate carrier has a projecting stop which engages inside the stop i* on the camera when the slide is drawn out for I'XiKisnrc. The camera is damped to a board b pivoted at ;/ and running on a circular guide by a bearing r. The i)in p is extended downwards tlirongh the table I' and carries a semicircular worm-wheel K, Kig. 1, which is (L'iven by a worm ((' on the I'rank shaft ir" lor tin- pnriiose of riitating the caiiieia placed a rotary cylinder with a serew-tlireadetl liole which engages a si)indle passing through the cup and attached to a Imtton on the india-rubber disc. On turning the cylinder a partial vacuum is formed beneath the disc, causing the holder to adhere to tlie plate. Other methods of producing the vacuum mav l)e used. 357. Newton, W. E., Bradford, L. U.]. Feb. iS. \f'iilii\i(i. A., and Pliotc-meciuinical printing.— For the prepara- tion of designs on stones or zinc or other plates, the plate is coated with a solution of gum arabic in water to which sugar and bichromate of potash have been added. When t liis is dry the plate is exposed in a camera or under a negative, and is tlien washed with a solution of soap to dissolve away and remove the unexposed parts of the gum coatiug. The so.ij) attaches itself to, or forms an insoluble soaj) on, the parts of the plate from which the gum is removed. The plate is then washed with water, dried, and rolled up with ink which unites with the soap deposited or formed on the plate, the parts covered with the undissolved gum acting, when wetted for print- ing, to repel the ink. The plate is grained to break up the gradations of tune. Molasses, acetic acid, or acetates may be added to the gum solution in place of sugar. Instead of removing the unexposed parts of the coating with soap solution, they may be washed off with water, or acetic acid &c., and oils, resins, or printing-inks applied to the plate after it has been dried. 13 1858] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1858 396. Clark, W., [St Victor, M. N. de]. Fe)). 27. [Provisional protection oulij.] Sensitized pl((te!i and filmx; toning; tninsixiren- cies ; photo-mcchanicol printiny. — Surfaces are sensitized with salts of uianium, preferably the nitrate. The exposed print is treated with a solution of silver nitrate, after which it is fixed by washinj; in water. The print may be toned with gold chloride. The nranium print may be treated with a solution of mercuric cliloride before treating with tlie silver or gold solution. The uranium print may also be directly treated with the gold solution. The uranium solution may be replaced by a solution of tartaric, citric, arsenious, lactic, or oxalic acid, or of aluminium sulphate, iron citrate, or neutral potassium tartrate. Negatives ma.v lie made with the uranium prepared paper or with the uranium nitrate mixed with gelatine and gum on glass. For the purposes of engraving on steel, or for litho-photograpliy, a salt of uranium may be sub- stituted for potassium bichromate for rendering gelatine insoluble. 636. Chevalller, T. A. March 2.5. FIG. 5 Camerns ; ])rodnrinii pmutromic photniiraphs on circniur plates. — The apparatus may bo used for obtaining prints for strategical purposes and foi' application to fans, and for taking plans, and it is stated that stereoscopic views may be obtained from the pictures. The sensitized circular plate is mounted in a toothed frame capable of being rotated tlirongh the exact angle that the camera is rotated. The camera is mounted on a pivot j in the centre of a toothed and divided circle a which forms the head of a tripod. The camera carries a worm shaft b gearing with the toothed circle a, and is also provided with bevj'l gearing <■ so that the plate can be rotated synchronously witli the camera ; a compiiss is mounted on the camera and a corresponding index i is placed on the back of the plate holder. The stand and camera are provided with various adjustments. The focussing front is connected to the back by retractile springs. The plat<' may be exposed in steps or continuously, the amount of tlu' exi)osure liekl l)eiiig regulated either by pivoted adjustable sectors /, Fig. 5, or by horizontal slides h. The plate holder is provided with hinged doors at the back. The camera m.ay be used tor taking ordinary instead of panoramic pictures. "725. Sarony, O. April 5. I'rodnciinj composite photor/inphs by print- ing and retouching. A portrait is taken on two or more negatives so as to obtain the head, hands, &e. in proper [iroportion, a com- posite print being made from the several negatives by masking. The neck may be lengthened by spacing the head from the shoulders, the parts being filled in by retc'iching. The various parts may also be lifted from the negatives and placed on a sheet of glass in the printing-frame, the parts being positioned as desired and the print being finished bv an artist. 780. Pouncy, Jf. April 10. \ I'rorisionat protection onlij.] Ohromo-getatinc processes; colonri)i(j; printiny; sensitized plates and films. — The paper or other surface intended to receive the picture is pre- pared by applying to it colouring matter together with the substance which is sensitive to light. In printing from negatives, the paper or surface is coated with a composition of vegetable carbon, gum arable, and bichromate of potash. After exposure the surface is washed with water which dissolves tlie parts unacted on by the light. For the vegetable carbon, bitumen, or other colouring matter, may be employed. 860. Derog-y, £. April 20. FIC.I. ftl ^ C L d . r 9 eL M 1 — I. ^ cB hens /itttiig.s.— The lenses are fitted by bayonet joints into a tube d, provided with adjustment means o and with a flange i) for fixing it to the 14 1858] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1858 camera. A lens a takes into one end of the tube, and a lens /;, fitted in tlie diapliragm holder e, is nionnted in the other end of the tube. In con- nection with the holder c is a titting- i for receiving either of two additional lenses adapted to the kind of work to be done. A sunshade f is fixed on the holder e and a cap g takes over this shade. The lens a may be replaced by the lens h for some classes of work, the sunshade / and cap g being placed ou the end of the tube d. a cradle is attached to plate No. 6. The motions can be obtained by hand, worm gearing, or by friction rollers. Movable discs or plates, similar to those described, are placed below plate No. 1, for supporting it, and to these plates sockets are attached into which tubes are inserted which form props or legs, and the plates to which they are attached, with those attached to plate No. 1, form the joints on which they move. 887. Maug-ey, P., [partly a communication]. April 22. 1136. Bryer, S. May 21. Letts fittings. — Stops are made of elastic material, the aperture being varied by stretching the material. The upper part of the cylinder C, Fig. 4, is cut away, leaving only three lugs C-\ These lugs pass through slots (i in the cylinder A, Fig. 3, and their ends project slightly beyond the end of the tapered extension B of the cylinder A and are fastened to a ring D. Pig. 5, which grips an elastic diaphragm E. The end of the cylinder A projects slightly beyond the end H of the cylinder C and is fixed to the internally and externally screwed ring I, Fig. 6, by which it may be attached to a camera. The size of the opening is regulated by pressing the piece B against the diaphragm by means of a rack and pinion, or otherwise. 1084. Warren, F. May 14. [Provisiotml protection oulij.] Tripod ii>td like stands.- A. telescope is mounted so that it may have horizontal, vertical, and equa- torial motions. A horizontal plate, No. 1, has at its centre a tube, boss, or pin, upon which another plate. No. 2, rotates and gives a horizontal motion. Upon plate No. 2 a support is built, to which is attached a vertical plate. No. 3. The vertical movement is obtained by placing a fourth plate upon No. 3. A cradle is placed upon plate No. 4, for holding the instrument. The eqiiatorial motion is obtained by attaching a plate No. 5 to the plate No. 4, and a sixth plate works upon it ; Lifters or holders, plate. — Forceps tor lifting plates from the sensitizing bath to the camera, and for holding a plate during development and the like, are described. For large plates a sucker which may be furnished with a handle is used. The first kind of forceps is shown in Fig. 1. The second kind for use in developing &c. is fitted with a clamping screw and nut J, Fig. 2. The sucker g mounted on handle /, e is shown in side view in Fig. 5. 1221. eirerd, J. and Wohlg-emuth, P. F. May 31. [Provisional protectioii only.] Tripod stands of wood or metal are decorated and stained by the agency of metallic salts and oxides. Designs, letter press, type printing, or writing are placed on the different woods or sub- stances, thus effectually acting in such a manner (by the instrumentality of light and shade on the surface) as to preserve uniformly the original ground forming the drawings, shapes or configura- tions, as are sought to be reproduced, from the Influence of daylight or solar rays, at the same time modifying anj- colours that may be placed, or that may be existing thereon. The process is completed by varnishing or French polishing. .lune 1. [ProvisiomU 1231. Grant, A. G. protection only.] Tripod and like stands. — A stand or rest for a camera, theodolite, gun, &c. comprises a table for supporting the article, such table being carried by a rod, sliding in a split ring or collar located in a boss to which three or more supporting legs are hinged. When the legs are folded up they 15 1858] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. 11858 form a cyliuder. A i-od flxed to each leg is con- nected to it collar through which the shaft passes. The rod carrying the table is secured in an adjusted position by means of a screw passing through the split ring. 1501. Sarony, 0. July 3. Cohmi-iufj ; fnihhiiKj. — Paintings upon ivory are imitated by means of paper photographs, to which a medium is applied, which penetrates the paper, destroys its opacity, and allows the artist's work toappearfloating within the substance of the paper. For this purpose, the paper on which the photo- graph has been taken is stretched on a frame having a movable panel, so tliat the Ijack of the photographic picture may be uncovered when required without unstretching. The pliotograph is then colored in the ordinary way with water colours on thefi'ontside until the picture is worked up to the required linish ; the panel at the back is removed, the photographic picture is placed face downwards upon a hot metal plate, and tlie back is, by a brush, covered all over with melted bees' wax until the paper is perfectly saturated and the wax appears at the other side. The photographic picture may now be mounted like any piece of ivory upon a light or creim-eoloured groiuid of paper, enamel, or other substance. A similar effect may be pi-oduced by using oil, varnish, or gum, to give a semi-transparency to the paper. Thei)apermay be impregnated before colouring. 2295. Baxter, G. Oct. 14. Culuui-iiiy ; plioto-iiiecliaiiicitl printinq. — Photo- graphs are coloured by printing from wood blocks, engraved plates, lithographic stones &c. For colouring them by means of wood blocks, as many positives as it is desired to use blocks are taken from a negative on to transfer paper, the said negative having a series of dots made In the margin. The surfaces of the wood blocks are coated with flake white and gold size and then with transfer varnish. A positive, painted by hand with a composition of vermilion, mastic, vai-nish, and turpentine on the parts to be coloured l)y one of the blocks. Is laid on a block, and the marking transferred to the surface by pressure. When the transfer varnish has hardened, I he paper Is washed o!V by means of dilute acid, the drawing remaining cm the block. Tlie marked block is then engraved by hand. Register is obtained by ])uucturing the sheets to be printed with holes exactly corresponding with the dots on the negative, two of the said holes lielug placed over two register points on the tym- pan of the press when printing each colour. Stereotype plates may lie prepared in the same way as wood blocks. For coloui'ing photographs liy intaglio printing, tracings, one for each colour, are transferred to a series of copper plates, and each plate is engraved or etched in accordance with the tracing. Register Is dbtaiued in a similar manner to that described above, the dots being traced on to the cop|)er plate, and ]ioints let in where the dots are ; the sheets to be printed have corresponding holes, which are placed over the points. For colouring by printing from lithographic stones or zinc plates, the parts to be coloured witli each tint are drawn in transfer ink on a series of photographs printed on lithographic transfer paper. The register is obtained in the usual manner, or by means of dots. Another method of operating consists in transferring tracing to the stones or plates, and making the drawings for the different tints on the stones or plates themselves. 2342. Stortz, P. C. Oct. 20. [Provisional protection onlij.] Sensitized plate>i: pz-i'ii/iii;/ ; pusitiivs, produeiwi (/()-c[-tf;/. "Plates of copper or other metal, panels of wood, millboard, canvas. &c., with oiled or varnished surfaces, are sensitized fur printing or for producing direct positives. 2367. Stortz, P. C. Oct. 23. [Provisiunitl protection only.] Enliir(iin(j. - - \ transparent positive or a negative Is placed in the camera and exposed to daylight, while the lens points towards an easel in the dark rooui. Tlie enlarged image is then traced on paper, cardboai-d, canvas, or glass, with Indian Ink, paint, chalk, &c., by hand, or is copied photographically on sensitized paper, &e. 2425. Johnson, J. K., [Tonmaclton, Ci. F.]. Oct. 29. [I'vovisional protection oii/i/.] l^rodueiwj bird's-etje views. — These are taken from a balloon, citlier free or anchored l)y three ropes. The camera is fitted with the lens vertically downward into the side or bottom of the car, which may be covered with black silk or other fabric, having a removable covering of yellow silk or other fabric to supply light to the operating chamber. The lens Is covered and uncovered by a cap operated by a lever and cord, or a rotating horizontal disc. 2961. Marion, C. SI. A. Dec. 27 ^3c ICi 18581 ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1859 Receptacles for printiiig-paper. — Pig. 1 shows one form consisting of rectangular box a, divided into two parts by wire gauze b, the upper part containing the printing paper, whilst the lower part contains a drawer c with calcium chloride in it. The lid of the box is hermeticallj' closed by a strip of rubber e. In another form one box with a perforated bottom fits hermetically on another box containing calcium chloride. Fig. 6 shows a cylindrical box h for containing a roll of paper, of this form. A reservoir of calciimi chloride, which may be used separately, consists of a frame having its bottom formed of a zinc plate and the upper surface of muslin and wire gauze. A.D. 1859. 51. Spence, W., [Boijle, C. B.]. Jan. 7. HensHized plates and filma ; pvi>iti}ici ; toninji ; fixinil. — To print |)liotographs on wood, the wood is coated first with albiniicn and gelatine, then sensitized by applying a solution of salt and nitrate of silver. The image, which is over- printed, is treated with hot toning and fixing solutions, which remove the gelatine and ellace all parts of the picture except such as are printed directly on the wood. When the block of wood has been previously whitened, a gelatine coating is not used. The picture on the wood uiav be used to facilitate engraving, or stereotyping. 344. Sims, T. tion only.] Feb. 7. IProvisional protec- Photo-mechanical printing. — A surface of glass or other suitable material is covered with a film of collodion, and if desired, also has a further film of albumen or gelatine. A photograph is then produced on this surface, either in the wet or dry process, and acted upon if necessary by bichloride of mercury and ammonium chloride of gold, or other chemicals to make the lines of the picture swell out or rise and become absorbent. This part of the process may lie left out if desired. The picture is then given a thin coat of varnish, and before this has dried on the non-absorbing parts, the picture is dusted over with powdered resin, gluten, gum, metallic powder, starch, sand or other suitable powder. The picture may now be transferred to transfer paper or other suitable flexible material, or to stone, copper, steel, or zinc to produce a lithograph, or after applying powdered resin, and fixing by heat, the glass surfaces may be etched by hydrofluoric acid, and then printed from. The surface may also be metallized, and an electrotype prepared from it, or in any other known way the plate may then be prepared for or converted into a printing-surface. Feb. 17. [Provisional developed by means of a solution containing water pyrogallic or gallic acid, and nitrate of silver; it is then fixed, washed, and dried. The resulting image is treated with solution of bichloride of mercury, washed with bichromate of potash solu- tion, and then with distilled water; when dry, the design will appear on the glass plate in relief. The design,which may be coated with photographic varnish, is next submitted to the electrotype pro- cess for the purpose of throwing down copper or other metal thereon by electro-deposition, and a reproduction in metal is obtained suitable for yielding impressions in ink of the raised picture or design produced upon the glass. 444. Saillard, protection only.] Photo-mechanical print incj. — A glass plate coated with collodion is exposed beneath a negative or positive of the drawing to be reproduced and is 9U 17 653. Clark, W., [Scrrin, V. L. M.]. March 15. Lamps, actinic. — An arc lamp of the clockwork focussing type is constructed as shown, in one form. The positive upper carbon is carried by a tube A sliding vertically in an insulated slotted stationary tube, the sliding tube being connected b}' an insulator and a chain C to a large pulley L. The lower carbon- holder q slides vertically in two guides h, n on a frame d, and is supported by a chain passed over a pulley o on this frame to a small pulley M, attached to the large pulley L, so that the arc remains stationary as the carbons burn away, with con- 1859] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1859 tinuous current. The frame d is movable verti- cally, being guided by swinging links a, /. When no current is passing, a spring is adjusted by a pulley u to hold up the frame d, so that a projec- tion on the frame bears lightlj- against a stationary screw li. When the normal current passes through the carbons and a series electromagnet Q, this attracts an armature V, and lowers the frame d with the lower carbon-holder, tlius striking the arc ; at the same time a pawl m on the frame d engages and stops a toothed wheel I geared to the double pulley L, M. As the carbons burn away, the electromagnet Q allows the spring to raise the frame d with the lower carbon, until the pawl in releases the wheel I, and allows the double pulley L, M to be turned b.y the weight of the upper carbon-holder A, the carbons being thus fed together. In order to break apart the carbons if their points cohere, the lower carbon-holder has a forked arm in engagement with a vertical rod, not shown ; this rod forms one side of a gate c ])ivoted on the frame d, and is linked at p to an armature lever T. This is attracted by the straight end of the electromagnet Q, in opposition to a spring x, when current passes through the lamp, and the gate and lower carbon-holder are thus turned relatively to the upper carbon. Electric connection with the frame d and lower carbon is provided by a chain P, which also com- pensates for the varying weight of the lower carbon. In modifications, the upper carbon may be carried by a vertical rack in gear with a large toothed wheel, in place of the tube A, chain C, and pulley L. The toothed wheel I may be replaced by a flyer, or by a wheel to be acted on by a brake-sjiring in place of the pawl m. The armature V may be of U-form, to enclose the electromagnet Q, the second armature T and earbpn-turuing mechanism being dispensed with. The armature V may be connected by a lever to the frame d. The armature V may be stationary and the electromagnet Q movable. The electro- magnet Q may be replaced by a solenoid. The frame d may carry a spring bearing frictionally against the lower carbon-holder q. The links «, jr may be replaced by springs, and the supporting spring by a weighted lever. The lower carbon may be stationarj'. The frame d may be applied to the upper carbon-holder ; or both carbons may be so controlled, and arranged horizontally, or inclined. W. May 6. [Provisional 1139. Hart, F. protection ouly.] Printing. — A printing frame is constructed in such a manner as to admit of adjusting thereby the negative stencil or mask on the prepared paper or surface, and securing the same thereon as required. A frame, capable of being moved in any direction over the bed on which the prepared surface is fixed, is secured in the required position bj- screws, so as to hold the stencil mask or negative on the prepared surface ready for print- ing. This frame is hinged at one end, so that the reverse end may be raised when required in order to inspect the picture as a whole, and afterwards secured in its position without disturbing the original arrangement of the stencil mask or negative on the prepared surface. To adapt the said movable frame for liolding tablets or surfaces to be printed from of various sizes, a curved or other slide is applied thereto so as to be capable of being moved along the frame to the position required in order to grasp or hold the printing tablet or surface. Vulcanized india-rubber, or other similar elastic material, is applied to the bed or backboard for the prepared surface to rest upon, in order to facilitate the bringing of the printing and the prepared surfaces into the required close contact. 1156. Jeffery, W. May 7. l>iirk boxes; cumeras ; camera .statids. — The base of a dark box and camera stand is made of two parts A hinged together and fastened by cross- liars and thumb-screws, the sides B are liiijged to the base board, and to]) sections D are hinged to the sides and connected by hooks and eyes K, or hinges. Frames L, M for carrying the lens and sensitive plates are sui>- ported in a vertical position by hinged brackets, and the frame M is arranged to slide in guides P. The frames of the box are covered with stout cartridge paper and r ^ ^D M --=^ ■f FIC.I. isr ^ -E t y rrf R (^ z> '; 18 1859] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1859 American cloth or lighfc-excludinj!: material, and a square or panel of oiled silk or yellow calico is fitted in the side G to admit yellow light. A stereoscopic camera K is mounted on one half of the base, which is made with a slit or aperture for the attachment of a bag containing the sensitive solution. The apparatus is covered with a double thickness of calico reeved in by a tape and fitted witli a curtain and apron extend- ing to the ground. The lenses are covered by bags with elastic rings, and right-angled ven- tilating-tubes allow air to pass, but exclude light. The tripod legs are secured by pins to angle plates fixed to the cross-bars under the base. 1463. Vasserot, C. June 17. FIG. 5 [Corhhi, H. A.]. Cameras; producing stereoscopic photographs. — Stereoscopic views of extra size are taken in a camera shown diagramniatically in Fig. 5. The lenses O, O" are placed in front of reflectors D, D^ the plate holders being situated at A, B" and A', B'. For stereoscopes having a single reflector, one of the views is produced inverted by placing the plate in the camera with its unprepared surface towards the object. 1653. Proal, C. J., [Bermifd, J.]. .July 12. 0}~namenting hij piwtagniphxj. — Consists in applying to oilcloth, glazed cotton, leatlier, and other fabrics or tissues, one or more photographic impressions, and employing the fabrics thus prepared for making up pads for writing-blotters, chimney fronts, table covers of any form, lamp and other stands, portfolios, purses or money holders, tea trays, covers for books and journals, and other similar articles, and more especially such articles as boxes, and objects of cardboard. The fabrics having received photographic impressions may be ornamented with gilt thread, or gilt decorations of any kind, and enriched by designs of various colours appropriate to the photographic subjects. The photographic pictures may be coloured or ornamented.. A varnish may" be applied over the photographic impressions" to preserve their du ration and brilliancy. 9U 2081. Collins, K. a. Sept. 12. Photo-mecluinical printing. — In a photographic method of preparing printing-surfaces upon stone or similar material, a photograph is taken upon a sheet of vulcanized india-rubber sensitized with an aqueous solution of potassium bichromate, sugar, and gum arabic, the sheet is extended or contracted to the size required, as described in Specification No. 439, A.D. 1858, [Abridgment Class Printing other than letterpress &c.], and the exposed coating is transferred upon the stone &c. and washed with a mucilage preparation pre- ferably consisting of an aqueous solution of gum arabic and yellow soap. According to the Pro- visional Specification, the coating is washed with mucilage and acetic acid. In a modification, the sensitized coating is applied to stone &e., exposed, washed with mucilage, and charged with ink, and then an india-rubber sheet is used to transfer the design upon the ijrinting-surface. 2193. Sutton, T. Sept. 28. Lenses and lens fittings. — A lens for taking wide- angle views con- sists of two partly spherical pieces of glass A, B having concentric faces. The lenses A , B are set in a collar E by means of screw flanges D. The flange E slides in a collar and is pro- vided with screw plugs for enabling the interior to be filled with liquid having a low re- fractive index. The two parts A, B may be identical, or the radii of curvature of the faces of the two parts may be different. A diaphragm stop may be placed across the centre of the cavity. For large lenses, two thin curved plates of glass may be secured together with a filling of Canada balsam. The Provisional Specification refers to the use of an external conical box with open ends, the smaller end being placed against the surface of the lens, having thin opaque partitions radiating from the centre of the lens in planes at right angles to each other to take the place of the internal diaphragm. The picture sliould be taken on a spherical or cylindrical plate. 2238. Earle, W. B.., and Barnes, B. J. Oct. 3. [Provisional protection only.] Producing photographs of special character ; transparencies. — Natural hair is attached to 19 B 2 1859] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1859 portraits. The hair may be attached in front or behind wlien the material is transparent or in front when opaque. 2393. Cowper, C, [Peid.J. H.]. Oct. 19. ( Ornamentiiui hij photography. — Relates to taking; photographs on curved surfaces such as vases, or on vineven surfaces. A stand A fitting into or forming the base of a camera carries a sliding block 13 on which an upright 1) is mounted. Tlie rod D is extended below to pass through the slot C, and is provided with a clamping screw. A frame E has a collar .v, for adjustment on rod D, and has also an upright G carrying an adjustable articulated arm Hto which a mask F is attached. The vase or surface to receive tlie photograph is secured in a tray L, resting in frame E, by means of clay, putty, &c. so that the face to be ornamented is practically vertical. The view &c. is focussed and adjusted for size, being observed tlirough an opening in the top of the camera. The object is thus renioved so as to be sensitized, and is replaced for exposure. 2557. IWelhuish, A. J. Nov. 10. 7 a'^'C3. m. FIC.5. FIC.IO. Cameras for single or stereoscopic purposes. The camera is formed of a metal case o, b provided at the back with a frame h and an outer frame i attached to extended side plates so as to leave top and bottom slots j. It. Springs I are provided at each end to press the focussing screen or dark slide lip to the frame h. A remov- able partition ni is used in stereo- scopic cameras. The front is formed of a plate ut the use of a \ dark room. The \ dark slide contain- \ ing the prepared \ plate D is lowered \ in guides into \ / . the sensitizing \/ bath A by means of a cord F pass- ing over pulleys J. The plate is then raised and exposed, and afterwards lowered into the devel- oping bath L. The light is prevented from penetrating into the apparatus by an india-rubber or like framework K. To increase the effect of the light on the plate, additional light is admitted by a lateral aperture in the lens combined with a mirror which reflects the light on to the plate. The lateral hole may be made in the side of the camera. 1922. Flounders, C. F. Aug. 8. FIG. A I'viitting; reducing. — Relates to an automatic printing apparatus iu which the printing paper or the like is mounted on a roller, and the light is condensed on the negative by a lens. By placing an objective lens between the negative and the printing paper, prints of reduced size may be produced. In the form of the apparatus shown in Fig. A, the light is condensed on the negative 34 by the lens 33, and the image of the illuminated negative is thrown by the lens 75 upon the print- ing paper on the roller 5, which may be polygonal. The exposure is made by an instantaneous spring disc shutter set and released by the knob 46. After an exposure the roller is turned by the lever 12 acting through ratchet gear on the roller shaft 6, the roller being displaced longitudinally by the rod 8 at the end of each revolution. When the lens 75 is dispensed with, the negative is placed in a frame pivoted on the axis 18, so that it is lifted off the paper, after an exposure, by the action of the lever 12, on a crank on the axis 18. 2496. Brooman, R. A., [Harrison, C. C.]. Oct. 13. Lenses. — A wide angle lens is formed of a symmetrical jiair of achromatic meniscus lenses a, b and a', b\ the outer surfaces of a and a' forming por- tions of a sphere having its centre at e. FIC.2. 2639. Knig-ht, J. A., [Korn, 0. F.]. Oct. 29. [Provisional protection only.] Lenses and lens fittings. — An objective with two lenses for taking portraits is converted into a landscape lens by unscrewing the front lens, inverting it, and screwing it on the camera instead of the double lens. 2772, Williams, V. V. Nov. 13. [Pro- visional protection onlij.] TrijMd and like stands. — A collapsable camera, telescope or other instrument stand, which may be closed up as a walking stick, consists of an outer tube, split into three legs, which are jointed to a tubular socket at the top, and have specially-shaped shoulders at the bottom to pre- vent the points penetrating too far into the ground. A tube, terminating at its lower end either in a tapering screw or a vulcanized rubber cap, passes through tlie socket, and forms a foiu-th or central leg, controlled in position by a thumb- screw through the socket. Another tube, pro- vided with circular notches, works inside the above-mentioned fourth leg, and may lie fixed at any height by a spring working in the notches and controlled by a thumbscrew in a collar at the top of the fourth leg. When used for a camera, four hinged sectors or ribs of hard wood, the inner angles of which have been removed, are fitted to the top of the notched tube, and when folded outwards they form a table on which the camera may be secured by an elastic band. If used as a telescope or other stand, the table top is not required, modifications being made in the 23 1860] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1860 top to fit telescopes of various diameters and descriptions. When closed, the whole is provided with a waterproof alpaca or oil silk cover, and a knob or cap. 2832. nxacfarlane, ». Nov. )7. [Pio- Disioiia! protection only.] Cameras. — The back of a camera has an inner shell entered loosely a short distance and attached by a single screw or pin at the top, and another at the bottom, so that the back can be inclined slightly in either direction about a vertical axis. The back of the box can be fixed at any inclination by means of a screw working in con- nection with the guide in the back supporting flap. A slight inclination about a horizontal axis is obtained by means of a pair of levers inside the box, against which levers the frame for hold- ing the picture plate bears, these levers being inclined by means of pins projecting through slots to the outside, and being fixed by means of external screw nuts. 2881. Salg-lish, A. A. Nov. 24. I'liotD-mechanical printbiri. — Designs are formed u pon rollers, mil Is, plates, &c., of steel, copper,w"ood. &c. by means of photography, and are transferred to larger rollers or plates used for printing calico, paper, or other textile fabrics, and also to surfaces of copper, steel, wood, &c., for engraving or wood-cutting. The design is photographed on glass, paper, leather, cloth, &c., and the film transferred to the roller or other surface by means of a sheet of gummed paper which is then removed by immersing it in water ; or the roller, which has been coated with an etching varnish, is' passed over the film, which adheres to it. In preparing rollers for calico - printing, the apparatus shown in Fig. 4 may be used for trans- ferring the film. A rack c is caused to slide in guides B by a pinion F. The end of the rack is attached to a cross-bar H of an open frame con- sisting of two bars I whose distance apart is adjusted by bars .7 and screws K. Each side piece I carries two antifriction rollers L which rest on the journals of a varnished roller M resting upon the photographic film. As the rack traverses, the film is transferred to the roller M. The design is then etched with acid or engraved either in relief or intiiglio upon the roller. To transfer to the large roller or plate, the design on the small roller is filled with varnish, or the large roller is covered with varnish, and the de- sign is impressed upon it. The design is then etched on the surface with acid. The plate may also bS coated with gutta-percha or other varnish, and with collodion, and the photograph taken direct upon it. When there are several colours in a design, a photograph is transferred to a die, and the outlines of all the colours are etched or engraved through the film. From this die, an im- pression in white or other colour is put upon as many dies as there are colours to be printed, the surfaces of the dies having been previously varnished. The outlines of the separate colours are then etched on their respective dies, the varnish is removed and the dies coated with varnish up to the etched outline. The dies are etched with acid, and from them arc prepared the mills for engraving the printing rollers. In a modification, the photograph Ls put on the die and the outlines of all the colours etched. A mill is made from this die which is caused to impress the surfaces of the dies slightly for the separate colours. The outlines not required arc then erased. In another method a photograph is taken for each colour and transferred to a separate die. Large designs may be i)hotogi'aphed in sections, the films being placed together on the varnished roller or plate. Photographs may be transferred by the means described, to any metal used in or preparatory to the printing of paper, the outlines being engraved or etched on the metal ; the metal is revarnished and the shading then etched or engraved. 2913. Nov. Beatty, 27. T. S., and Alexander, T. Photo-meckiinicnl printiur]. — Relates to the preparation of printing surfaces for block, intiiglio or colour printing, and also to the pre- paration of the transfer and the method of transfer to stone or metal for lithographic print- ing from photographic negatives or positives. The ])hotograiiliic print which is to form the transfer is prepared on paper, metal foil, vegetable parchment, or paper impregnated with india-rubber, asphalt, or caoutchouc. The paper is coated with any ordinary transfer medium, and is hot pressed or calendered to produce a glossy or glazed surface. For fine shading a grain is produced by adding finely groinid emery, peroxide of iron, glass, or flint. The transfer medium preferably used consists of isinglass, arrowroot, gum tragacanth, flake white, chaJk and gamboge. The following may also be used : — Gelatine, size, dextrin in solution, arrowroot, wheat, barley, and rice flours made into a jelly p.i-ste, to which may be added flake white and gamboge, lucine, or vegetable or animal albinnen either alone or covered with the transfer medium. The paper is sensitized with a solution of potassium bichro- mate mixed with one or more of the following, viz. : — Isinglass, gelatine, dextrine, albumen, and gum arable. The paper is floated on the sensi- tizing solution more than once If desired, and is dried and pressed or calendered if necessary. A print is made from the negative or reversed negative, and a grain is imparted to the printed surface by placing it in a press with an engraved 21 1860] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1860 or ruled plate, haviiis a mezzotint or iM[uatint ground, which has been inked and cleaned. The prepared print is placed in a zinc tray containing water in which gum arabic is dissolved, and is heated. The plate is tlien placed lace downwards in cooler water, when the portions not acted upon are removed, leaving the print in transfer ink. The grain may he imposed on the paper before printing. Grained stones or metal plates pre- pared with lithographic chalk may also be used, or the print may be put down on to an aquatint ground prepared from resin dissolved in spirits of wine. Line subjects may be prepared on a fine grain plate; thinned ink being applied with a dabber. Colour printing is obtained by making separate prints for eacli colour, the parts being marked witli gum, water and lampblack or by other means. The prints are transferred to a series of stones from which the combined result is obtained. For preparing blocks for surface or intaglio printing, a tliicker and stronger sensitive coating is employed, the exposed print being washed in cool water which is gradually warmed, a little nitric acid being used ; the print being gently brushed. When drj' a cast is made in plaster of Paris containing washed chalk. An electrotype is taken from the cast, or the cast maj' be hardened with silex, "silicate zopissa" or aluniinate of potash to prepare for printing proofs. If a print is to be made direct on to a metal plate (preferably zinc) the negative is first prepared by exposing the back of the sensitive plate to the camera lens. After printing on the sensitized metal plate an acid-resisting varnish is applied. The plate is then washed and treated with acid, which may be assisted by electric action, the required printing surface being then obtained in relief. It an intaglio printing sur- face is required the print is made from a positive. The print may also be made on any hard surface, such as glass, marble, lithographic stone or iron, &c. After inking up, a transfer may be obtained that can be put down on to a stone or metal plate for further printing. 3024. ClAVk., ■W.,[Anthoni,C.G.]. Dec. 10. Cnmeras ; sensitized plates ; developing ; nxishinr) ; lifters, plate and like. — The baths for sensitizing and developing the plate are combined with the camera, so that a photograph can be taken with- out a dark room. The camera may be stereoscopic. The collodion-coated plate p is held on pivoted hooks i, and bj^ tilting the trough u on its hinges the plate is immersed in nitrate of silver solution. After an exposure made by raising the shutter / and uncapping the lens, the plate p is disengaged from the hooks i by lowering it down till it rests on the block o. By inclining the apparatus, the plate is dropped into the sulphate of iron develop- ing bath z. After development, the developing- dish with the plate is withdrawn through the door 1, and the plate is lifted from the bath by the hook .s. Rocking motion is imparted to the bath by means of hinged board 2, 3. The plates are washed by placing them in a grooved box full of water. For stereoscopic pictures, an adjust- able partition is used in the camera, and the lens is displaced by rotating an eccentric lens board c. For focussing, the plate p is replaced bj^ a ground glass. Dec. 28. [Prouisiomil pro- 3181. Pallu, C. tection onUi-] Sensitized plates and films; dishes. — The plate or the. like ready for sensitizing Ls placed in a case with a sliding lid. The sensitizing bath is contained in a gutta-percha dish also with a sliding lid. To transfer the plate from the casing to the bath, the lid of the latter is removed, and the case placed above it. Tlie lid of the case is tlien removed, and tlie plate thereupon falls into the bath. After sensitizing, the plate is lifted back into the case by a silver wire, and is transferred to the camera from the case. 25 18611 ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1861 A.D. 1861. 508. Henry, int., [ToumacJion, (called Nadar), G. F.]. Feb. 27. [Provisioval protection only.] Printing. — Electric light or gaslight is combined with Moitessier's mode of obtaining positives. A separate room for preparing and developing the plate may be dispensed with as the circumscribed rays of the reflector on the objectivity can be directed. Instead of frames two dark chambers may be used, in one of which are placed the negative plates, or stereotype plates, or cliches, and in the other chamber are placed the glasses treated with collodion intended for the reproduc- tion of the positive stereotj-pe or cliche. The two dark chambers are placed opposite one another, and the space between them is kept dark by a covering ; the chambers can be brought mutually nearer or further according to the sizes to be produced ; the light is placed in front of the first dark chamber and concentrated b}' a reflector on the negative plate, stereotype plate, or cliche. April 6. [Provimonal pro- 852. Knigrht, J. tection onlii.] Trays and dishes. — Baths, trays, and other vessels for photographic use, also for galvanic batteries, and other vessels to contain chemical solutions, are made by coating a thin layer of gutta-percha or india-rubber, or compounds thereof, with layers of paper or other fabric united by solutions of india-rubber, gutta-percha, shellac, or the like. 955. Brooman, R. A., [Faryier, A., and Charavet, N.]. April 18. Chromo-gelatiiie processes ; printiny. — A plate of glass is coated with a mixture of bichroniatized gelatine, lampblack, charcoal dust or the like. After printing from the negative, which is in contact witli the gelatine film, the gelatine is coated with a layer of collodion, detached from the glass in hot water, and the picture developi'd by washing. The picture is mounti'd on gelatinized paper, and the collodion dissolved oil. In a modification, the gelatine coating is supported on thin paper through which the print from the negative is impressed, no transfer of the film being necessary iu this case. In another modification a layer of non-carbonated gelatine is first poui'ed on the glass plate and over this the carbonated gelatine. This facilitates detachment of the film after printing. April 29. [Provisional 1074. Dixon, U. jjrotectioii oiily.] Sensitized plates and films. — Nitrate of silver is mixed with collodion oi- other coating medium before it is poured on the plate, thus dispensing with the sensitizing bath. 1089. Kooman, T., and Ittaliszewski, J. May 1. Ornamenting by pJwtography. — The interior of any glass or other transparent vessel is ornamented by photography, by coating the interior of the vessel with sensit;ized collodion and printing thereon from flexible negatives of waxed paper or mica. The part of the vessel not covered by negatives is covered by gutta-percha. 1457. Du Mont, H. June 8. Cameras; cha}iyc-bo.ves ; slmtters. — Relates to photographic apparatus for reproducing the successive phases and shittings of a moving person, body, &c. A succession of sensitive sur- faces succeeding each other at regulated inter- vals are exposed to light at legulated intervals, by means of a shutter when the plane of the sensitive layer is perpendicular to the axis of the ray. The sensitive surfaces may be mounted on a i)rismatic drum caused to revolve so that the sensitive layers " succeed each other in the " focal " plane. Another means of obtaining the (juick succession of the sensitive layers is to place them together side by side in a dark slide moving intermittently in its groove, vertically or horizontally. A third method of accomplishing the said object is to set the sensi- tive layers one behind the other in a long box c with vertical grooves, and moving in a contrary direction to a similar box d situated under it, and intended to receive the layers after exjiosnre. A ratchet wheel / and ratchet movement enable the sensitive layers to fall into the lower box as they are exposed. The exjiosure of the sensitive layers to light at the proper instant is accom- ^0 1861] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1861 plished by means of a shutter, the regulated motions of which are connected with the motions of the systems bearing the sensitive layers. The shutter may be formed as a screen having a I'otary or oscillating movement, and when rotating may be mounted on a cylinder or prism either forming part of the said cylinder &c. or pro- jecting at right angles therefrom. The pictures taken maj- be single or stereoscopic. 1855. Neville, K. July 24. [Provisioned protection onlij.] Cameras. — A camera for producing minute photographs is fitted at one end with telescopic tubes for coarse and fine adjustment, and is fur- nished with a microscope oi)posite the focal plane to facilitate focussing. 1936. Iiewis, J. Aug. 3. FIG.I Photo-mechanical j^rintimi ; cameras ; prodiiciiif; coloured photographs; intensifying; sensitized plates and films. — In preparing litho^aphic and other printing surfaces, the design is obtained upon an altered scale by the use of an elastic transfer consisting of a thin sheet of gutta- percha, parchment dust or pulp, or india-rubber. The gutta-percha &c. is em|)loyed without any surface preparation. Tlie material is stretched and then cemented to a stitl backing of cardboard, paper, or india-rubber. The design is then pro- duced on the sheet by photography, transferring, or otherwise, in transfer ink or its equivalent, and the sheet is heated to release it from its backing, when it contracts and gives the design on a reduced scale. The design is then trans- ferred to stone, metal, plate, paper, glass, wood, or other surface for etching, printing, and for figuring or ornamenting china, porcelain, pottery, and other surfaces. The gutta-percha or other sheet is softened by hot water, and may be ex- tended by drawing-rollers, or may be placed, either alone or secured to an india-rubber sheet, in a stretching appliance. The elastic medium may be employed for colouring photographs, the colour being applied, and the medium afterwards relaxed to its original size. To transfer photo- graphs, the stone or surface A is coated with a sensitive mixture, preferably a composition of oil of lavender and asphaltum, and the negative is held firmly in a frame B. A hinged frame F folds over the stone A and fits over taper pins I on the frame B. A raised block O on the frame B carries a device of cross lines and dots, and a transparent disc in an opening of the frame F carries a similar device so that exact registration may be secured. An electromagnet K may also be secured to the block B, its wires Ijeing cut otf flush with the surface. A connecting wire in the frame F also has its ends flush with the surface. When the two frames are in exact registration, the circuit is com- pleted, and the armature L on the frame F is held by the magnet, thus keeping the frames in position. Several hinged frames may be employed, each being fitted with a registration device. In another arrangement, a revolving bed-jilate carries a series of surfaces which may be successively brought under the hinged frame. A design is printed on the hinged surface and transferred to each of the other surfaces. They are then all transferred back to the hinged surface, thereby augmenting the elevation of the design. In a cylindrical modification, the I'eeeiving surface is carried by a revolving cylinder and the trans- mitting surface by a reciprocating table under- neath the C3'linder. The table is mounted on rollers having A-shaped grooves which fit on similarly shaped rails. Flanges on the ends of the cylinder also work in grooves in the table. These register- ing frames are apjjlicable to the production of etchings, photographs, jjhoto-lithographs, j^rint- ing surfaces and to photo-printing. The photo- graph is fastened into the register frame and shut down on the sensitive surface and exposed to light. After a time the light is shut off and the surface of the plate washed with turpentine and carbon bisulphid or other solvent. The coatings, exposures, and fixings are repeated until a per- fectly developed copj' is produced, any desired portions being stopped out by opaque joowder which may be subsequently brushed ofi'. For the last fixing, oil and gum are added to the solvent. The work is finally coated with a solution of soluble silicates or gum and acid preparation, and allowed to stand before printing. Bichromate of potash or ammonia combined with glutinous matter is sometimes used as a sensitive agent. The work may be bronzed or dusted with silver powder or plumbago, and electrotyped. The work may be produced on an elastic medium which is afterwards allowed to contract so as to produce the design in greater elevation. The register frame may be applied in combination with the daguerrotype process, silver powder being spread over the inked surface, which is then planished and sensitized li^e a silver plate. The first ex- posure secures the broad lights, the next the middle tints, and the last the detail. Sensitive salts of silver in the form of powder maj' be em- 27 1861] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1861 ployed instead of silver powder. To produce a surface printing plate for lithographic, trans- ferriag, embossing, or printing purposes, a flat plate or surface is coated witli white lead, chalk, white clay, or other substance mixed with gum to the consistency of cream. It is then placed in the register frame and coated with a sensitive mixture. After being exposed, the surface is washed with solvent, and the unprotected por- tions of the surface brushed away. These operations are repeated as desired, and the surface eventually used to obtain a stereotype or an electrotype. The work, when complete, is soaked in a jellj^ of isinglass, white of egg, spirit varnish, or other agent which will strengthen the work without injuring the sharpness of the lines or filling up crevices. For obtaining a raised photographic surface in a camera, the box of the camera is much larger than usual and has an opening in the bottom through which slides a glass jar containing liquid for sensitizing the plate. The first picture is taken as usual and developed, the plate is washed, a second coating of collodion is applied, the jar is then raised to sensitize the plate, and a second exposure is made, these processes being repeated as desired. 2073. Sutton, T. Aug. 20. Cameras ; xhulters. — A camera is fitted with a pivoted reflector which tlirows the image on a focussing glass on the top of the camera and also acts as a shutter. The camera nuiy be used for taking instantaneous photograplis, and is mounted on a ball-and-socket joint. Tlie reflector D is pivoted at K, and when in tlie position sliown throws the image formed by the lens C on to the focussing plate G. When the reflector is raised, the image falls on the photographic plate B. 2434. Georg-e, B. G. Sept. .30. il/oiiii(i(!g prints to prevent buckling. The print is secured by a suitable cement to a slab of plaster of Paris, papier mache &c. formed in a mould with or without an ornamental bordt-r or framing or in relief. The ornamental portions representing the frame &c. may be gilded or painted. The print may be moiuited ui)on the smooth or other part of the cast and may be covered with varnish, gelatine, glass, or other preservative material. Reference is made to Specification No. 3004, A.D. 1860, [Abridyment Class Printing other than letterpress &c.]. 2924. Polyblank, G. H. Nov. 21. [Letters Patent void for ivant of Final Specification.] Varnishinri. — Photographic and other prints are preserved from injury and decay by coating them with melted paraffin, with or without a preliminary sizing. 3147. Sebenbam, W. £. Dec. 14. [I'ro- visioual protection only.] Hulder.-i, i}late 1. Drawings to Specifirtttiun. liarkgronnds. — Part of the canvas is to be laid along the lloor so that the pers(ui or object photographed may stand upon it. This front portion is to be painted in proper perspective so as imperceptibly to "run into" the upright part. For this purpose the upright part is paint<'d tirst and then the camera is used to obtain the right ])ers))ective for the horizontal portion. When the scene is an interior the division between (he parts is made sharp by the use of a rod along the fold and secured by buttons on the lloor. I''or outdoor sceTu^rv this is unnecessavv. l''<'b. <•. [Provisional 335. Stevens, G. jirotection onlij.] Lamps, acli)iiv.-.\u a|iparaliis li.r supplying air to the " pliologenic " gas light icmsists ot a ve.ssel forineil with oiu' oi' more spiral chambers or compartments, and rotated in an outer chamber, whii'li is tilled with water or other tluid, and is providtnl with inlet and outlet passages for the air &c. The outlet passes into the inner vessel, which is driven by a pulley and a weighted cord or band, or bv suitable wheelwork. 34 1863] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [186^ 376. Brooman, B. A., [Lafarge, J. J. L. B. del Feb. 11. Dark slides; liftei-a or holders, plate ; trays and dishes; sensitised plates; developing. — Collodion plates are sensitized, ex- jjosecl, and developed witli- out a dark room, b^y use of a special dark slide 4, l)late holders a (shown in dotted lines), and baths c. The dark slide 4 is made with transverse grooves near one end, which can be slid into guides on the top lit either bath c, as shown. The dark slide also has a bar X to draw out, so as to open the end of the slide 4 lo the bath e, and thus permit a plate liolder and down, the lens or lenses may be mounted on a verlieal slide, and the camera m.'iy contain two or moie dark chambers. 586. Clark, W., [/'oitei'i/i,^. r..l. March 2. [/Vci/'isioiifif protection only.] Printing ; enamels ; sensitised fdms ; developing ; producing coloured photographs ; photo-mechauicul printing. — A paper surface is sensitized by means of a mixture of perchloride of iron and tartaric acid, the inipression is produced through a posi- tive, and a developing l)ath of caseine or albumen with the addition of colour is used ; when the photograph is plunged into the coagulating mix- ture of carbon or other inert colour, the image appears ; the sheet is then washed, drieil, treated with weak hydrochloric acid, again washed, and, finally, dried. By superposing layers of dilTereut colours facsimiles of cameos in the natural colours of objects may be obtained. If a negative l)e used to produce the impression, a developing bath of gelatine is employed. Relief or cojiper plate printing surfaces may be prepared from these prints by ordinary methods. A uniform layer of gelatine on paper, glass, or other surface containing the colour is sensitized by means of a solution of perchloride of iron and tartaric acid. When the sensitive surface is dried, the organic matter is insoluble in water, and, in order to take proofs, the coloured coating is impressed by means of " a positive image (reversed)." The image is developed by plunging the sheet " into warm " water, when all the parts which have received " the action of light will dissolve." The sheet is then dried, washed in acidulated water, rinsed, and, iinally, dried. The organic matter may also be lixcd " either with alum, perchloi'ide of mer- " cury, tannin, or other body in solution." Metallic oxides or vitriflable materials may be used as the colouring matter when the print is to be applied and transferred by fusion to an enamel, glass, porcelain or other surface. The soluble portion of the prints may also be applied to stone i)r metal for inking up with fatty matters for printing &c. The linal print may also be inked up on stone, metal or glass. Coarse inert powder may also be caused to adhere to the oi'ganic matter to form a relief surface which may be moulded or applied to any suitable surface. 35 1863] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1863 779. Worrall, J. H. March 25. Photo-mechanical priiitiiig ; veqntiveif, proiUicing by printing— KeXntes to methods oC producing surfaces iii imitation o£ woods. Facsimile impres- sions or representations of wood are obtained by so treating the surface as to rendei? the natural grain available for printing or transferring the pattern to paper or other material, the pattern so obtained being applicable to imitation grain- ing, paper hangings, oil cloths, figuring and em- bossing leather and textile fabrics, and to other ornamental purposes. The surface of the wood is planed or scraped perfectly smooth and level. If the wood is close grained, the surface is covered with strong or dilute alkalies, or with other specified substances so as to soften and dissolve out the resinous substances naturally present in the pores. If the wood is very close grained, the surface is covered with any corrosive acid so as to corrode the softer parts and leave the harder parts elevated and to enlarge the pores. An impression may now be taken from the surface l)v any of the well-kno\™ plastic, galvanoplastic, topoicrapliie, photo-lithographic, or photo-zinco- grapliic processes, for obtaining a printing-sur- face. A stone or zinc printing-surface may be prepared photographically by making a negative by printing an impression from the wood on trans- liariMit paper, or by printing on a paper coated with gelatine sensitized with bichromate of pot- ash. The impression is increased in density by dusting it, while wet, with lamp or ivory black, asphalt, &c. The negative or the printed photo- grajihic paper after exposure is used in the well- kn.jwn manner for preparing the printing-surface on stone or zinc. 986. Rafter, H. April 21. Photo-mechanical printUig.—An adhesive photo- graph is produced either on an elastic film or sheet or on an inelastic porous or permeable plate or sheet. The two sheets are afterwards caused to adhere along the lines of the photograph, and then the elastic film is distended in the parts not adhering by means of air, gas, water, or other fluid, in order to form an electrotype mould. In one ))rocess, a drawing or engraving, or a photo- graphic negative or proof is used on either sheet s;'nsitized with bichromated gelatine, and the surface is coated with a mixture of lithographic varnish and resin before washing after exposure. In another process, the inelastic sheet is sensitized with Judsea bitumen applied in benzene solution, and, after exposure, the unaltered bitumen is dissolved out, and the sheet is sponged with weak gum water, rolled with a mixture of lithographic varnish and resin, and washed to remove the 1588. Toovey, W. .lune 23. Photo-mechanicid print iiifi. — To prepare a litho- graphic stone or zinc plate for printing from, a positive or ti'ansfer is first made by exposing behind a glass or paper negative of the design &c. a paper coated with gum, gelatine, or dextrine &c. and bichi-omate of potash. The paper thus exposed is placed on the stone or plate, backed with several sheets of damped paper, and strongly pressed. The gum &e. not rendered insoluble by the exposure is dissolved by the water pressed from the damp paper, and becomes attached to the surface of the stone or plate. The transfer or photo is then removed, and leaves a design in gum &c. on the stone, which, after drying, is covered with greasy ink, which attaches itself to the parts of the stone not covered by the gum. After removal of the ink and gum, the de-sign is rolled up with ink. For etching copper or steel &c. plates for printing, a resist is obtained in a similar manner, varnish being iiseil, instead of greasy ink, to coat the plate after the transfer of the jjlioto thereto. 1729. Bourquin, J. XJisional protection only. July 10. [Pro- Piiiixhing. '\ rolling press for glazing photo- graphic paiier and pictures has a steel jiressing roll beneath which is a slab of polished glass carried by the travelling-table, the supports for which are two rollers placed at eijual distances from and on either side of the vertical plane through the axis of the pressing-roller, whereby a slight yielding of the ghvss may occur under pressure, and fraetui-e be avoided. i FIC.I. 1921. Stevens, G Aug. 4. Lamps, actinic. — An apparatus for supplying a re- gular strcim of air or other gas for the photogenic gas light, ventila- tion and other purposes, consists of an outer chamber a sup- porting a shaft c which carries the inner chamber l< divided into spiral compartments by the inclined or tortuous vanes hi(i Orawinqs ; c\dai-tf\nij ; fmixhimj; print iiHj. — Photographs are obtained direct on cloth, canvas and other materials. The cloth &c. is surfaced with virgin wax, spermaceti or cocoa butter, together with resin anj elemi, dissolved in essence of lavender, and mixed with carbonate of lead. When dry, it is heated, and its surface is spread over with a thin layer ol white wax, to which has been added the above- mentioned resinous substances. The collodion is spread on the resulting waterproof surface, and a photograph is obtained by ordinary copying Ijroeesses on the surface. The photograph may be obtained by collodion, albumen, gelatine or charcoal processes. Silver prints may be toned with gold chloride. The photograph may be an enlargement, and may be retained as a plain Jiliotograph or njay be painted. To render the photograph indestructible, it is allowed to dry for sr>me days ; then a flat iron, with a long'jiandle, is moderately heated and passed behind its surface, forming an entire homogeneous substance with the layers of paint, oil, and collodion. 2526. Brooman, R. A., [Bntxlcssoii, A., and Hotizeau, F.]. Oct. l.i. SensHhed plates (ind JIbmt ; orii«»iciitii(f; bij j)/io(ogi-ap/i;;.— Consists in obtaining upon paper, textile fabric-s, wood, glass, porcelain, itc, a deposit which is coloured or can be coloured by chemicals, dyeing, &c. Paper is sensi- tized by baths of (1) ammonium terrocyanide, or ferricyanide, or a mixture of the two, i'2) potassium or other prussiate, {'i) a prus- siate "with a base of iron at (lie maximum, "and of organic acid salts of iron," and, (^) a " double salt of iron and of auunonia, an oxalate, " a tartrate, a citrate, or otherwise." When using No. 3, the image appears in ))lue after exposure, the whites are removed l)y washing, and the tone sharpened by an acid, tin bichloride, or other chemical. When using No. -1, the image is developed, after washing in a weak acid bath, w itli ])otassium ferrocyanide to obtain blue tints. Tannin yields black tints, and ammonium or potassium sulphocyanide blood-colour tints. A <|Uick bath is formed of equal parts of amuionium ferricyanide and iron citrate. For fabiics, auimouiMiu ferrocyanide and ferricyanide, or potassium ferricyanide and iron citrate, or anuno- nium ferricyanide and iron citrate, give a blue colour, the image being brought up by tartaric acid. The well-bleached undressed fabric is impregnated in a bath of "yellow salt" (potassium or ammonium ferrocyanide), and is then stretched and left to dry in a hot place. It is next exposed under a negative until the blue colours developed assume a metallic aspect, after which it is care- fully washed, wrung out, soaked for an hour in a dilute sul|)hnric-aoid bath, washed, soaked in a dilute hydrochloric-acid bath, containing tin bichloride, and finally again washed. To obtain a black colour, after passing through the sulphuric acid bath, the fabric is boiled in a solution of " gelatine glue " and logwood, washed, boiled in a soap solution until the whites appear, and again washed. "By moditying the manipulation, and " the nature of the dyeing baths," different shades of brown, violet, red, yellow, bronze, and olive are obtained. Fod. Tlie print is completed liy drying and varnishing. The print may be transferred to paper or clotli by passing it through a press 1864] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. rl864 with the printed side in contact therewith. It may be transferred hi a similar way to wood, stone or the like. 2800. Willis, W. Xov. 11. I'roduciiifj photugraplis of xpi'cittl i-hamcter ; ciipijing documents, drawings, and the Uke ; posi- tives, producing directly; phofo-meclianical print- ing. — Drawings, engravings, lithographs, photo- graphs, and written or printed documents &e. on transparent or semi-transparent material may Iiave a positive copy prodnced therefrom on paper, collodion, fabric, or on wood blocks for wood engraving by the followina; process : — The surface to receive the copy is flrst coated with a solution of bichromate of ammonia, or other soluble chroniate, mixed with sulphuric, phosphoric, or other suitable acid, in proper proportions, and when dry the surface is exposed behind the iiriginal drawing &c. in the iisiual manner, until the part which is acted on b^' the light is bleached. The image is then exposed to tlie action of a solu- tion or vapour of aniline, or other substances, such as toluidine, pyrrol, and salts of these bases ; one method of doing this, in the case of sensitized paper, being to lay it in a Ijox, on the underside cil the lid of which is placed blotting paper, sup- |ilied with drops of a solution of aniline in benzol ; the aniline vapour combining with the unchanged bichromate, forms dark parts, insoluble and unchangeable by light. The picture is then washed in water, and sometimes also in very dilut<» sulphuric or other acid. The sensitizing liquid may also be made of chroniate of copper, sulphuric, and phosphoric acids, or i)hosphate of copper, sulphuric, and chromic acids. When substituting for aniline a mixture of pyrrol bases, with other organic substances obtained by distilling mncate or bimucate of ammonia, the mixture, being strongly alkaline, must be neutral- ized with sulphuric acid. fixed as usual. The eyes and shirt frout are then to be covered with gum arable solution to pre- serve them from the coloui-ing which is to be applied to the whole face. The portraits are coloured with a brush by applying a solution con- taining alum, cream of tartar, cochineal, saffron, and magenta. When coloured, great brilliancy is given to the portrait by stretching it on pre- pared glass and allowing it to dry ; it is then detached from the glass and stuck on cardboard with a solution of gum arabic. The glass is pre- pared with a varnish containing "jihotographic " cotton " and is afterwards coated with a warm solution of gelatine. 2953. Crozat, Xi. Nov. 25. [Provisional protection only.] Producing coloured photographs; printing; finishing; vignetting.— To jiroduce portraits in " double ground," the sitter is placed before a white cloth, the ground of which is coloured and graduated or shaded. The negative is taken in the ordinary way. To produce a shaded bust terminated in white, a piece of paper is applied to the non-coUodionized side of the plate, and the size of the bust traced thereon ; this outline is marked on a piece of opaque cardboard, and the said cardboard placed in the pressure frame. The "shading ground" has thus been obtained. To obtain the general ground, a proof of the bust is stuck on the painted side of the glass. Then con- tinue applying the white ground portraits on the glass so that the head perfectly covers the sil- houette which also covers the shirt front, and by thus supporting the portrait with a tablet of the same size as the card, expose it to the sun. The double ground, when obtained, must be toned and 3048. Martius, C. A., lOhemcttcr, .]. /J.J. Dec. 6. ; Ornamenting by pliotograpliy ; enamels; sensi- I ti:ed p/«tes.— Relates to the production of photo- graphic transfers for fuzing on porcelain, glass, and other ceramic ware. An image is printed from a positive plate on a glass or other smooth surface sensitized by coating it with a mixture of gum 5 parts, sugar 15, glycerine 5, ammonium bichromate 0, and water 100 parts, and drying. The print is then coated with a powder consisting of 100 parts of porcelain colour and tlux, and 1 part of dry powdered soap, the colour adhering to the parts unacted upon by light. The picture is next coated with collodion, then dried and immersed in water made slightlj' alkaline ; it may then be separated from the plate, and, after being washed, is pasted with the printed face on the article, and the collodion removed by ether or the like. The picture is then fixed, and may be painted with ceramic colours. 3107. Claudet, A. P. J. Dec. 14. .S' t a t n a r ;/, facilitating pro- duction of. — The object of which it is de- sired to make a statue or a clay model is photographed in two or four directions at right-angles, or in eight direc- tions at 45', and the negatives are placed in enlarging cameras so as to throw the proper-sized images on the block or clay. In front of the block L is a frame K with pulleys and a cord supporting the movable bar H on which is fixed a white disc C, at the centre of which is a black spot C, Fig. C, a carving tool projecting from this point towards the block. The frame is placed so that the disc may be in the focussing-plane, and the bar is then moved so that the black spot may jiass round the outline of the image thrown by the camera, the tool marking the block as it does so. Alterna- I lively, the bar and frame may be dispensed 43 1864] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHV. [1864 •with, sharp blades being thrust into the block to mark the outline of the iuiage thereon and the work checked by placing a ground glass plate in the focussiiig-phinc from time to time and com- jiaring tlie outlines. By thus tracing outlines from different aspects on the block, correct shap- ing of the statue is facilitated. 3119. Chevallier, F. A. Dec. 16. t'((mcc((s ; dark slldfa ; sliuliers ; meiisuriiig hji ))hi)tographij. - Relates to photographic apparatus for obtaining panoramic views, and is particularly adapted for use in surveying as a plane table for linding hori- zontal and vertical distances and angles. In the arrange- ment shown in Fig. 5, the optical apparatus, con- sisting of a reflecting prism P above the object glass of a camera, is carried by a dark chamber A mounted to fnru on a conical pivot S supporting a frame (' with a sensitive plate or surface G and shutter R. Radial shutters ^■ on a pivot I admit a beam of light from the camera to the plate G, and the chamber A is rotated continuously or intermittently by a taugent-scrcw V, a spring or weight motor, or bj- hand, to obtain a complete panoramic picture. The apparatus is lifted with a telescope L, a compass B, a level, levelling- screws v, a graduated disc D and vernier V", and movable flaps P' to admit the frame C. Two hairs or threads arranged at right-angles to one another in the slit lietwcen the shutters, indicate the horizon and tlie direction of vertical lines. The shiitteis may lie operated by a rack and pinion, or sliding rods, and jiins sliding in slots, and may be mounted between central semicircnhir guide- plates. The width of the slit is indicated by the operating-rods and external scales or verniers. A segmental view of a portion of the horizon, or a circular view of the whole horizon, is thus obtained, with the tops of the trees &c. at the circumference or towards the centre of the picture. The dark box A may be fixed, and the optical apparatus mounted to rotate on it. Fig. 15 shows a conical reflector P and lens X for taking in the whole horizon and photographing it in one operation. The optical apparatus may be arranged below the dark box, and the sensitized plate maj' be protected by yellow glass to allow the operator to follow the image and control the operation. The apparatus may be mounted to rotate on a horizontal axis, and the prism may be replaced by a plane reflector. 3175. Johnson, J. K., [Boiirdin, G. J.J. Dec. 21. FIC.I. ] s \F 1^ C ^^^^ K, C 1 1 '^i t - d y i D 1 1 i' ) Cameras; developiiiy ; sensitized plales. The plates are sensitized and developed without removal from the camera. An oranged-coloured glass vessel is supported by two upright pieces C, C, one of which carries the lens, which is opposite an aperture in the vessel. The back of the vessel is open, and the upright C has a door d which when shut keeps the plate presstd against the lip o of the vessel by means of a spring e. A hole at the top of the vessel fitted with a spring valve serves to introduce the sensitizing or developing liquid from a ball and tube 1). By turning the camera about, the li(|uid can be spread over the plate, and the excess is sucked out again by means of the ball and tube. The lens and the door may be fixed to the vessel itself without any separate frame. H 1865] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1865 A.D. 1865. 10. eye, r., [Streliskij, L.]. Jan. 2. [Pro- visional protectiott oiihj.] Mounting prims. — Two copies of a picture or print, coloured or uncoloured, are made on thin and thick paper and are mounted superimposed on a slieet of glass. The thin picture is rendered transparent and is secured, preferably to the i-ougheued surface of ground glass, by spermaceti, varnish or sufficiently transparent cement. Tlie thick picture is placed in exact position behind the thin picture and is secured by an adhesive or otherwise. The combined picture may be placed in a frame. 12. Kelsby, W. G. Jan. 3. [Provisioiml protection only.] Producing coloured jjJiotof/cap/is on polished coloured opal glass. The opal or other coloured enamel and the glass are united togetlierin the pro- cess of manufacture in the usual waj', but instead of the glass to or with which the enamel is secured or made being transparent and colourless it is made with a " body colour " of any desired tint or " quality by placing the proper materials in the " glass pot ; " rose and cream will be the most desirable colours when the enamel is opal, but the colours may be varied. When the enamelled surfaces are polislied the sheets are ready for use. 56. Bentley, B. W., and Bailey, VT. H. Jan. 7. FIC.I Embossing photographs ; finishing. — A mounted photograph is rolled in a press, and is then placed upon a suitable matrix beneath the die of an embossing press. By this means the most prominent parts of the picture are raised, and a picture in " relievo " obtained. The dies may be produced either in the ordinary manner, or they may be made by any of the well known photo- graphic processes of engraving or by the" bichro- " matized gelatine process." Medallion porti'aits in relief may be obtained, or imitation " cameos " may be made by colouring the background. A rolling press has a cast-iron framework to receive bearings C for the roller B. The sliding plate E, which travels upon the top of the framework and beneath the roller, is actuated by a link A which is attached to a centre or pin tuat passes through lugs attached to the underside of the sliding plate ; the other end of the link is connected to the working lever I which is jointed to a pin that passes through lugs fixed to the framework. A sheet of aluminium bronze L is affixed to the upper surface of the sliding plate E. The roller is pressed upon the sliding plate by means of mill- headed screws M. The actuating lever enables the sliding plate, with the photograph upon it, to travel beneath the pressing roller. In the larger sizes of presses a reciprocating motion is imparted to the plate by means of a crank or an eccentric on a shaft carrying a flywheel and winch handle. Transparencies. — The Provisional Specification refers to paper &c. transparencies formed by means of an embossing-press, the die of whicli produces an intaglio impreasiou on the paper. The paper &c. transparency may be mounted between sheets of glass and placed in a window or lamp shade. Jan. 10. [Provisional jyrn- 72. Pettitt, tectioH only.] Producing photograplis of special characler. — • The collodion side of transparent positive plioto- graphs, or the side of the glass on which the picture is situated, is coated with plaster of Paris, cement, wax, or other opaque or semi- opaque substance, either white or tinted with colour, and is afterwards covered with a coating of metal, which coating of metal may either be applied by the electrotype process or be applied in the form of thin sheets of foil attached by any adhesive matter. The photographs may also be coated or covered, either wlioUy or in jiart, with coloured materials, such as velvet, silk, or other fabric, gold and silver leaf, and coloured bronzes, the photograph being afterwards coated in the manner above described. 618. Pettitt, E. March 4. Cameras; composite j^hotographs, producing. — Two stereoscopic negatives of an object are obtained through which light is ])assed and focussed bj' lenses to coincide on a sensitive plate and produce what will be a positive by trans- mitted light which is said to possess great relief. Tlie stereoscopic negatives are obtained by a camera obscura having two lenses and fitted on the top of the camera with a front sight having cross-wires and a Ijack sight with a small hole or perforation, the same instrument lieing available for combining the two negatives, preferably after they have been transposed. By adjusting the distances of (he lenses from tlie plates, the size of 45 1865] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1865 the resulting positive luay be altered, and copies may be obtained in the ordinary manner, or a direct positiveor negative may be talien from the combined image tlirown on a screen Ijy the two negatives, a semitransparent screen being used for a negative and an opaque one for a positive. In order to print the combined pictures, a negative is first produced by transmitting light through the combined positive. 677. neissigr, T., [lieissiii. W.]. March 10. [Provisional proteclioit oiUy.] Fixing ; washing. — To tost whether the hypo- sulphite of soda or other fixing agent has been sutticiently removed by washing, the prints are lilaced in conmninication with the jjoles of a battery. Any fixing-agent left will be decom- posed and sulphur deposited at the negative pole. To wash the prints effectively, they arc encased in a folding frame witli a latticework front and mounted on a spindle which is rotated at a high speed. 712. Brooman, R. A., [D» jVi.fny, C. 3f. T., and Marechdl, C 11.]. March 14. Photo-mecluiniccd piinliny. — Various cojuposi- tions for preparing printing surfaces by photo- grapliy are described. In one process, alkaline trichromates are mixed with a solution of gelatine, containing gums, acids or salts luiving great atlinity for oxygen. In another process, bich- romates, or trichromates, of the alkalies and "of " bichloride of mercury " are used either pure or mixed with mono-, di-, or trichromates, with or without the addition of liodies having affinity for oxygen, and are added to gelatinous and other similar solutions. In a third process the above- mentioned " chromo-alkaline-mercurial " salts, in i«innection with gelatinous solutions, are spread upon metal plates, the result yielding images inkable negatively. In a fourth process, gelatine, gnm or the like, ehromatized with one of the above mentioned chromic compounds, is laid upon paper, stone, metal &c., and, after desiccation, is covered with layers of argentic soaps. Two snper- (josed images are thns produced. 915. Smith, J. 31. March 31. [I'roi'itiioiiiil protection onhj.] Mounting ])rints. — The apparatus consists of a lived lilock, on which is mounted a glass or other plate, the edges of wliicli lu'oji'ct a little beyond the fixed block. On this plate is recur<'d a piece 111 woven fabric, which is capable of being kept damp. The jihotographs are placcil face diiwu- wards upon the danipeil cloth, and are pressed dcwn a littli" so as to force out the air from beneath, so that their backs may be gnmined or covered with some adhesive comimsition. 1'lie backs of the photographs having been gunnned, the cardboard on which they are to be mounted is jilaced upon them, and ujion being slightly press<'d down the photograph will adhere thereto. To mount the photograph centrally on the card a set of horizontal adjusting or set screws are provided with plates at tlieir ends at one side, and at one end of the glass plate. 1009. Prout, V. A. f id ((me rax; camera standx ; Iripod st(i)ids. — .\ camera for taking panoramic photographs is con- structed with the ordinary sliding cases a, b mounted on a base board carrying one or more detents / which can engage in tlu> notches c' of a divided circular tripod head c for rotating the camera through definite angles. The camera is lifted internally with adjustable slides g having Vandyke edges, the points on one side correspond- ing to the centre of the notches on the other. The slides are operated by screws parsing out through slots which are rendered light-tight by external sliding plates. The space between the slides is adjusted to give a picture corresponding to the angular rotation of the camera. The back of the camera is provided with a catch pin c and a stud h'- for engaging wi(h the ends of the flexible draw slides h of the dark slide. A detent is also provided for regulating the transverse movement of the dark slide. Dark slides. — The dark slide is long enough to take a plate for the whole of the exposures of a panoramic idctnre : the sensitive plate being held in position by a plate fr. The dark slide is pro- vided with top and bottom grooves i and end rollers / to guide two flexible draw .slides h, so that during exposure only that portion of the sensitive plate re(|uired is open to the lens and when out of the camera only on<> of the cover slides protects the plate. Masks and masking for reducing the exposure of the sky. A screen mounted with racks .s' operated liy a long pinion s- is constriict<'d of a series of thin parallel wires at graduated dis- tances apart or varying; in Ihickni'ss. The screen may also be a corrcspouUinuly ruled glass plate, llie lulings being tilled in with black varnish. Slinllcrs. — The exposure is regnlaU-d by a shutter consisting of a perforated sliding drop plate carried by .a pivoted lever. Tlu> heel of this lever is acted upon by a second pivoted lever, the lower end of which is pressed outwards by a s|uuiig, the upper end having a pin to engage 46 1865] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1865 in a perforated disc carried by a clock motion. The perforated disc is frictionally mounted on its arbor, and carries an indicator disc for varying the exposure. The shutter is closed and the clock stopped when the pin is in engagement with the perforated disc. To start the exposure, the shutter is raised by hand at the same time that the clock is started. 1171. Rowland, J. A. April 26. [Provi- sional protection onlij.] Cameras ; fens fittings. — Relates to cameras for taking large or panoramic pictures with lenses of moderate size. The lens is mounted in a brass chamber or slide, to the end of which is adapted a diaphragm chamber the aperture of which is of a long narrow foim placed vertically. The lens chamber is held in a vertical position by means of two fixed studs which work in grooves made longitudinally along the top and bottom of the camera. The lens is also maintained in its proper vertical position b\' a similar arrangement. By traversing this long narrow opening of the dia- phragm chamber along the grooves provided for the purpose, the changing image from the long narrow opening falls on to the sensitive surface. The traversing motion of the lens and diaphragm is effected by toothed gearing or by a screw work- ing in a nut connected with the diaphragm chamber, and this mechanism may be worked by means of a winch with a uniforai slow motion adapted to it, or the diaphragm may be moved by means of a cord or chain actuated by clock- work capable of being driven at a regulated speed according to the state of the ataiosphere. 1174. Smtth, W. H. April 26. Printing; toning; producing photographs on wood, canvas, silk, glass, &c. — The wood, &c., surface is first prepared by filling the grain, &c., with a "base" composition. The "base" com- position consists of either, a mixture of "valata," gutta-percha, or india-rubber dissolved in benzole or other hydrocarbon ; pelt, gelatine or other gelatinous substance dissolved in water ; or gela- tine dissolved in water mixed with washed whiting and linseed or other oil. The surface prepared with the last mixture is smoothed and dried with pumice stone and water. The "recep- tive" or sensitizing material consists of a solution of gelatine and honey in water which is divided into two portions ; to one portion is added a chloride or bromide, such as cadmium chloride, iodine, tartaric, citric, or other acid, and to the other portion is added nitrate of silver. Portions of these are mixed together. A second solution consists of collodion prepared from flax to which is added a chloride or bromide, such as cadmium cliloride, iodine, tartaric, citric, or other acid. The coated article is then dipped in a silver nitrate bath, and after drying is immersed in a solution of gelatine and honey. Inm may be used in some cases with the silver instead of the chloride salts. After the prepared surface is dried, it is printed upon by ordinary methods and the print is toned with ammonium sulphocyanide and gold chloride or any ordinary gold toning solution. 1181. Graing-er, A., and Girdler, C. IMC. April 27. Enamels; colouring.- -^slates to the production of photographic likenesses on porcelain or cera- mic w are,and consists in producing the photograph or likeness of a person or tiling on the ware itself. A plate of porcelain or otiier ceramic material is glazed with a transparent glaze and burnt on as usual : the likeness is produced on this by means of photography. The i^hotograph ma}^ now be coloured by hand or by other means, then glazed or enamelled agabi, and burnt to complete the article licaring such portrait or likeness. Instead of colouring the photograph before glazing a second time, it may be left uneoloured, and glazed and burnt in as before mentioned. Borax or other suitable flux may be used for the glazing. The pliotographic representation maj* be produced upon metal or other material, which in other respects is treated and prepared as hereinbefore described, the glazing and baking i-endering the representation enduring and applicable as herein- before described with reference to plates or pieces entirelv of ceramic material. 1313. Parkes, A. May 11. Sensitized 2''ates.— Collodion for photographic plates is produced by dissolving pyroxylin in glacial acetic acid, aniline, or nitro-beuzene, tlie latter distilled over hydrochloric acid or calcium chloride, and combining the solution with collo- dion made with other solvents. 1522. Bolton, F. J-, and ItEatheson, K. June 2. P/ioto-inec/wiiicaf printitig. — Printing-surfaces for lithographic and like printing are formed by coating a lithographic stone, zinc, or other plate or surface, with a composition consisting of gum arable, gelatine, or starch, and bichromate of potash, the operation being performed in a dark room. The coating is then dried, and the picture, engraving &c. or photographic negative of which a printing surface is to be made is jilaced on the prepared surface face downward. The surface with the picture placed on it is then exposed to the action of light, and the stone or plate after- wards immersed in water face downward to dissolve the unaffected gum, gelatine &c. A solution of soap in turpentine, or other solvent free from water, is then spread over the face of the block and the solvent allowed to evaporate, thus filling with fatty acids the recesses in the face where the composition was unaffected by the light. The block is finally soaked in a solution of a liichromate salt, and may then be used for lithographic, zincographic or other printing in a 1865] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1865 the usual way. The surface may be prepared on a sheet of paper, metal foil, or other flexible substance and transferred to or fixed on a suit- able block. The process is applicable to chronio- lithographjc printing. 1541. Newton, W. £., [Leggo. W. A., and Desbiirats, G. E.\. June 5. Photo- mechanical printing. — Relates to a photo- ftrapliic process for obtaining stereotype or electrotype printing surfaces from prints, draw- ings, manuscripts &c. on transparent media. In the case of a photograph on glass the plate is first varnished and coated with an emulsion of gelatine and potassium bichromate. The plate is then exposed to light face downward, and the iniatfected gelatine dissolved by warm water. The original picture is thus reproduced in relief in the gelatine. A plaster cast may be taken from this mould, from which stereotype printing surfaces may be obtained in the ordinary way. To produce a<., electrotype the gelatine mould is moistened with warm water and successively immersed in melting wax until a sufficiently thick coating is obtained. The wax cast is removed from the gelatine face by placing it face down- ward rin a metal plate coated with heated wax, and :ifter being coated with graphite an electro- type may be obtained in the usual manner. 1791. Swan, J. W. July 6. Photo-mechanical jiciiiiijij/.— Relates to means for producing intaglio or relief printing-surfaces and lithographic or zincograpliic printing-sur- faces, and to a method of printing from intaglio plates. In order to produce intaglio printing- surfaces, nn image is formed on a gelatinous tissue, treated with a bichromate and witii colouring-mattei', as described in Specillcation Ko. 503, A.D. 18(i4, by superjjosing a negative of the subject to be engraved. By means of the colouring-matter the depth of the lights can be governed. The tissue, after exposure and before development, is mounted on a slate, glass, or other surface. The image may be produced by means of a camera, in which case the tissue is formed on glass plate previously coated with caoutchouc or coagulated albumen. The plate is developed in warm water, and is surrounded with a melal rim. The gelatine is acted on by a siilution of a protosalt of iron, or sulphate of aluminium, to harden the surface, and a coating of silver or other conductor is deposited on it. The plate is then electrotyped with copper which is strengthened by a backing of soft metal. The plate is printed by greasing its surface and liouring on it slightly warm ink composed of water, china ink or other colour, and gelatine. A i)iece of paper is jilaced over the ink and l)ressed down until the iidc solidilies, when the print is removed. The iiajjer is coated with gelatine, collodion, alliumen, &c., to jirevent coloration in the high lights of (he jiiint. TIjc impression is given by a thin steel or other plate which may he fitted to the underside of a rigid flat jtlate forming the fixed head of a press. The electrotype plate may be raised by a screw and hand-wheel. The thin plate is curved so as to give a gradual pressure, which may commence at the middle of the paper. The curvature may be given by a weighted lever acting on a plunger at the back of the plate, or by springs placed be- tween it and the fixed head, or the plate may have a curved set, its ends being left free to allow flattening. The rigid plate may be hinged to the back of the press, pressure being applied by hand or power. The prints are fixed, to pre- vent injury by water, l)y treating them with a solution of alum or the like, or by adding a fixing substance to the ink. To produce engraved plates capable of giving the liglits and shades of a photographic negative, an increased quantity of colouring matter is used to diniinish the pene- tration of the light, and the metal rim is dis- pensed with. To prevent the removal of ink from the recesses in wiping, thin walls or points are formed in the recesses to give them a trenched or cellular structure. This is elTected by form- ing ojiaque lines or dots on the negative of the object to be engraved, or in the film of collodion or albuuH-n on which the golatinous tissue is formed. Opaque lines are produced by taking a photographic negative of a plate of glass coated with an opaque ground on which lines are drawn by a ruling-machine or otherwise. Dots are similarly produced bv means of a dnrk screen perforated with small holes or bj* dusting opai|ue matter on the negative or by a))plying a solution of gelatine or the like through which opaque matter is diffused. A copper plate is then pro- duced by electrotyping as before and is printed with ink of such transparency, or weak colouring power, as to j'ield prints possessing gradation of light and shade proportional to (he depth of the recesses. For typographic or lithograj)hic print- ing, an image resembling a cr:iyon drawing is produced by means of dots of opaque matter. A solution of gelatir.e containing brchroniate of potash or ammonium or other chromate, aiul powdered charcoal or the like is spread on a surface of paper, glass, &c. When glass is used, it is first treated with ox gall or other substance to facilitate the stripping of the sheet. The gelatine tissue may be prepared on paper ,Tud afterwards impregnated with bichromate. The sensitized sheet is ex])osed in contact with a negative, and the exposed surface is then coated with a solution of caoutchouc and daujinar in benzol. A plate of glass is coated with the same solution, and the two coated surfaces are pressed together. The soluble parts of the gela- tine are then dissolved out with warm water. If the image is produced by means of a camera, the gelatine film is formed on glass, which is inverted while tlie gelatine is fluid. The o|)aque particles will then be smallest and fewest next to the glass and will increase in size and number towards tlie outer surface. The plate is exposed with (he uncoated surface of the glass towards (he light. The photograph may be obtained by dilTusing powdered iodide, chloride, or bromide of silv<'r through collodion, albumen, gelatine or the like. Another method consists in dusting cliarcoal or the like upon an exposed surface of whicli the 48 1865] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. ri865 hygroscopic properties have been modified by light transmitted, through a negative or positive photograph. A photograph obtained by the above processes is used to obtain by anj' known process a typographic, lithographic, or zinco- graphic printing surface. 1808. Willis, J. July 7. Developing tents. — The framework consists essentially of stee! ribs with stretchers andadapted to an upright pole in a similar way to that of an umbrella so as to be collapsable, and is covered with suitable material. The upright pole a is formed with three legs at the bottom so as to fix into the ground. The elastic steel ribs b are attached to the sliding runner c and to sti'etehers e which are attached to a ruuner /. The upper l)arts of the ribs b are suspended by wires or rods d, d which are fixed to the top of the pole u. 1984. Wells, F. R. Aug. 1. [Provisioiial protection onlij.] Sensitized j^lates. — A copper plate is sensitized with iodine vapour or bromine fumes or with a solution of bromine or iodine. A picture or engraving is thus produced on the surface of the plate and serves as a good guide for etching or engraving thereon. 2065. Budenbergr, A., [Jiihns, C. J. R.]. Aug. 9. Tripod and like stands. — For adjusting levels and other instruments, a plane or collar works on a horizontal hinge or wedge, or otherwise, and maj- be adjusted by means of a vertical screw opposit? 914 49 the hinge or wedge. On this plane or collar works another plate, disc, block, or collar, with one face parallel to that of the lower plane and another in- clined to it. The upper block is turned till the horizontal lines on its upper face, indicated by a spirit level, are parallel to the hinge. The vertical screw is then turned till the whole upper face is horizontal. Pig. 1 shows one form of apparatus, in which the screw e has a ball head, and the upper block h and lower plate fc are con- nected by means of a pin o^ with a hemi-spherical head. In another form, the socket of a theodolite or other levelling or surveying instrument is screwed to a hollow cylinder with an upper oblique face turning in a plate adjustable about a hinge. 2110. Henry, M., [Avct, H.]. Aug. 15. [Provisional jyrotection only.] Photo-mechanical printimi ; negatives for photo- mechanical printing and producing. — To produce an artificial grain on the negative, a drawing is made in fine white lines on an antiphotogenic back- ground, or vice, versa, and a negative is made by ■ first photographing the grain and then the object, or Lu'ci! versa. On the coated side of the negative is placed a film of gum or gelatine sensitized with bichromate, and the negative exposed. The parts of the film unacted ujion are then dissolved out, and the drawing metallized by silver nitrate or other agent and t hen electrotyped, or an impression taken in a plastic material, and this eleetrotypod. 2754. Newton, W. E., [Montgolfier, L. de]. Oct. 25. [Provisional protection onhj.] Fixing ; printing-paper ; ivasliing. — A small quantity of phosphoric acid or any salt of such an acid is intimately mixed with the albumen pre- pared for covering the surface of the paper used for producing positive proofs. To render the paper sensitive, it is laid upon a solution of silver nitrate and after two or three successive wash- ings in distilled water tlie proof without under- going the developing process is submitted in the dark to a bathof hyposulphite of soda containing silver chloride and then exposed for several hours to light while immersed in the hyposulphite bath. 2891. Newton, W. &., [Gibson, W.]. Nov. 9. Mounting prints and the like; sensitized plates and j^Ims.— To the surface of \vood, leather, glass, porcelain, earthenware, metals, indi:>rubber, 18651 ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1865 gutta-percha, fabrics, and canvas, is applied an adhesive mixture comprising one or more gela- tinous substances, and clay or other aluminous matter or oxide of zinc-. When di'.v, the article is lieated with an astringent solution and tinally (lassed through i-aleiidering I'cills. Such enamelled surfaces «ill be fu'ejiroof atid waterproof and will )»■ capable of being ornamented by photgraphic or other prints. An insoluble plate or panel of gelatinous material can be built nj), upon a glass surface, by successive applications of the gela- tinous mixture and subsequent treatment with the astringent solution. After drying, the gelatinous plate can be removed from the glass. 2937. Biingrer, W,, [Steinheil, C. A.]. Nov. 15. Leiiaes. — Two similar lenses of meniscus shape are placed with their concave sides opposite and in such a position that all the chief raj-s cross each other at the same point in the axis of the lens, which must be curved sufficiently to form an image in a plane normal to the axis. Midway between the lenses is fixed a diaphragm with an aperture much smaller then the lenses. 2949. Sarony, O. Nov. IC, Studio ac- cessories. — An adjustable stand is nsed for supporting the body and head of the sub- ject. The pil- lar (I, fixed lo Ihior, carries a sliiling bar '', with rack and liinion and sel- s c r e w (n o t shown). At the top of the bar /) a plate y is clamped be- t w o e n the l.Iatcs e, (I. The |j|a(e () carries a liai- li the froid of which is c u r V e d a n d niooved to le- ccive a curved slide i to which a chair back is attached. The rest of the chair is separate, but the disjunction is masked by a fringe or drapery. A bar k slides in a socket with thumbscrew /»' in the bar h and carries a socket k- with thumbscrew for the bar /. At the end of the bar / is a socket with thumb- screw 111' for the two curved plates m which constitute the body-rest. Fig. n shows a plan of this part of the apparatus. The back of the bar h is grooved to receive a slide ii with set- screw »' and having a socket and tjuimbscrew for the bar o which carries another socket and thumbscrew for the bar p of the head-rest. The head-rest is shown in plan in Fig. 7. 2954. Bullock, S., and Bullock, J. Nov. 17. P)ioto-viechuiiical jirinting ; negatives for phcto- mechanical printing, producing ; producing trans- parencies. — Various processes for preparing negatives and plates tor photo-mechanical print- ing are described. One method is to place the copy of a reticulated surface face to face with an ordinary negative, and a transparency is then obtained, from which another negative is taken. From this second negative a printing block can be obtained. In another process, a transfer paper, with reticulations already imprinted upon it, is employed. Ordinary or photographic paper is coated with a glutinous substance, and then printed with the reticulated pattern. The Pro- visional Specification also describes other methods: — (1) Ground glass rubbed in with a dark-coloured paint may be used as the original negative or may replace the reticulated surface in the first method described. (2) A reticulated fabric may be placed between the camera and the object to be photographed, or copies of such fabrics upon transparent media may be interposed between the negative and the sensitized surface, or placed before the original negative during its exposure. (3) The original negative may be ex- posed first for a few seconds to the reticulated surface, and afterwards to the object to be photographed. 3053. Newton, A. V., [Egloff stein, V. r.m]. Nov. 28. fProi'i.siciiiii/ protection oii/i/.] Pholo-mechniiirdI priiiliiiii. ''Ifolales to the " use of a heliograidilc and pliotof^raphic spectrum " for producing print ingsnrlai'cs from transparent " phologiaphs. The spoi-trum iii:iy be ciiiiiposed " of a single sheet of highly polished level ground " plate glass, free from colours and covered with "a good asplialtum etching gr. The metal mould / is supported on india-rubber sheets h on a block 3, and the bed-plate c Cpre- ferably of glass) can be adjusted by screws i bear- ing on rubber pads k. The paper is placed on a glass plate d in the lid, and the edges m of a 105. Woodbury, W. B., and Davies, G. Jan. 12. i nc I. frame pressed against it by springs 11 bearing against the frame h which is fastened to the lid a by hooks. Warm gelatine is poured on to the plate, the lid fastened down, and the superfluous gelatine which flows over the edge of the mould is scraped downiwards, by pressing down pins which pass through slots in the frame h. The lid a is unfastened from the frame b and raised, leaving the paper with the impression on the mould. 239. Swan, jr. W. Jan. 21. Vlud o-mcchanivol pvinlbig. - [Jelates toa method of, and press for, printing from intaglio plates with coloured gelatine or inks, as described in Specification No. 171)1, A.D. 1863. Fig. 1 shows a vertical section of the? press. The tympan C on which the paper to be printed is placed, is carried by a screw C' in a bar D jjivoted on the base B and held in vertical operative position by a catch D' pivoted on a frame or chase A fixed, in vertical position, on the base B. The tympan C is caused to clamp the pajier tight against the rib <( surrounding the oiieiiing in the frame A. The intaglio printing plate is attached to a bed- plate E adjustable by screws b in a box F carried by a screw G in a nut G' in a pivoted bar II, held in vertical position by a pivoted catch H'. Weights on the lower ends of the bars D, H, tend to hold them in vertical position. The nut G' is pivoted in the bar H so that the plati^ on the bed F may be moved into to an inclined position, indicated by the dotted lines, by withdrawing the screw (!, the lower edge of the box F being held in contact with the tympan by a spring K. When the plate is in this position, its surface having been previously greased, and the damped paper is clamped by the tympan, a measured quantity of the gelatine &c. ink is injected by a 52 1866] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1866 pipette or other means into tlie space between tlie plate or paper. The screw G is then operated to force the plate gradually into vertical position against the paper, the ink being thereby caused to rise and occupy the intaglio parts of the plate. A vent may be provided at the top for escape of ink in case more is useci than is required for the impression. 324. Winstanley, D. Feb. 2. Photo - mechanical i)i'i-'i-t'itrj. — Relates to a method of obtaining from a gelatine or other relief, or a metal or other intaglio, produced by the aid of photogniphy, a printing-surface con- sisting of dots (1) uniformly distributed but varying in magnitude, or (2) equal in magnitude but not uniformly distributed. (1) A series of wires or the like having uniform conical, pyra- midal, or other points is caused to descend into the depressions or uneven surface of the relief or intaglio. The whole is then turned so that the wires are horizontal, the relief or intaglio is re- moved, the wires are bound together, and the points are planed, cut, ground, or otherwise re- duced into one plane, and will cousequentlj- be of different magnitudes. In the first part of the operation, the wires are held in a frame, and are loosened and caused to descend upon the reliefer intaglio by vibration, falling, mechanical pressure, magnetic attraction, or other%vise. In the second part of the operation, binding of the wires is effected preferably by mechanical pressure from two sides of the frame ; or by pressure from one side, using a distorted negative ; or by thermal expansion, preferably using a lirass frame and iron wires ; or by partial fusion, by means of material adhering to the outer ends, by the use of an induction coll, or otherwise. In order to hold the points during the cutting or grinding process, lead or type metal may be run in and subsequently melted out. Casts or impressions may be taken from the wire surface in type metal or other material, for copperplate printing, or for producing casts or facsimiles in more fusible or plastic material for block printing. (2) For the production of a surface consisting of dots equal in magnitude but not uniformlj' distributed, a frame containing very fine uniform wires is used with the plate prepared for block printing, or, prefer- ably, with the plate prepared for copperplate printing, such plate having been ground trom behind until every point is just represented by a hole. By pushing the fine wires through these holes, a deeper cut printing-plate is obtained. The surface may be planed, cut, or ground, or oasts or impressions in reverse or facsimile may be taken, as described above. Stereotypes may be obtained by laying the wire surface in a box of fused type metal ; or the bases may be con- nected by type metal to form a cushion in producing stereotype matrices by pressure or percussion. 396. Dallmeyer, J. H. Feb. 8. [Pro- visional protection o?ii'y.] Lenses. — A combination to embrace a large angle of view, say 100° on a plane surface, con- sists of three thin single non-achromatic lenses, two of crown glass and one of flint glass. The anterior crown lens may be plano-convex, or nearly so, with the convex side outside. The posterior crown lens is a deep concave meniscus, also con- vex outside. These two lenses preferably differ in focal length. Between the two lenses a dia- phragm is placed, dividing the space between the lenses in the ratio of their foci. Almost immedi- atel}' in contact with this diaphragm is placed a flint glass lens, plano-concave by preference, and of such focal length as with the two crown lenses above named will form an achromatic whole. 449. G-ilpin, C, [Kossntli, F., and Kossuth, L. T.]. Feb. 13. Photo-mechanical printing; j^rinting ; ncgrUircs for photo-meclianical printing, producing ; develop- ing ; sensitised plates and films ; producing trans- ixirencies. — Relates to the production of copper or other metallic plates for the jjurpose of print- ing therefrom. To obtain the said plates, a photographic glass plate coated with collodion and bearing the positive or negative image of the object or design to be printed is, whilst still wet, plunged in a heated solution of potasium bichromate and gelatine, and a similar solution is then poured on it to form a uniform thickness on the glass plate. The layer of gelatine is then exposed to light, and washed or developed in baths of warm water and in a bath of warm water and tannic acid, or water and glycerine, to produce a relief plate or design, prefer- ably by dissolving away the unexposed gela- tine. After drying, the plate is made electrically conductive for electrotyping by treating it with an alcoholic solution of nitrate of silver and then subjecting it to the action of hydrogen or sul- phuretted hydrogen to reduce the silver. A printing-plate is then made by electro-deposition on the prepared plate or mould. The image on the said photographic glass plate for relief plates is obtained by taking a transparent positive image from a negative photograph of the object &c. to be reproduced on which a striped ijlate of glass has closely been applied. For intaglio engrav- ings a negative photograph is taken from the object, the said negative being grained or shadowed with lines or dots. When line draw- ings &c. are to be reproduced, the graining of the photographs may be dispensed with. Various methods of producing the "grain" are described. One method consists in the use of a lined glass plate in contact with the sensitive surface. The lines may cross each other or otherwise, and are made with a diamond point and blacked when required. The lined plate may be applied to the picture &•!. to be photographed or to the photo- graphic plate. The image of a grain previously formed on paper by lithography may be taken by photography. To produce the grain at the same time that the object is photographed, a camera is employed that has two object glasses opposite to each other and on the same optical axis, the object and lined &c. plate being both tocussed on the photographic film, and simultaneously photo- graphed. 5S 1866] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGBAPHV. [1866 469. Kenry, 9K., [Avct, H.]. Feb. 14. Ohvomo-gelatine processes for producing images in relief. An image is flpst made on a glass or other translucent plate l)y the collodion process or otherwise. The film side of the plate is then l]rovided with a wax rim, and coated within this with a strong solution of gelatine, gum, or other organic substance, mixed with potassium or am- monium bichromate. The uncoated side of the plate is next exposed to light tor a proper time, lateral lighting being excluded if the film is thick. The iilm is then washed to remove the unacted-on parts of the gelatine &c., and dried. The film may be rendered colourless by applying nitric acid or otherwise, and again coated, exposed, and washed, to heighten the relief. In a modifica- tion, a separate sheet of bichromatized gelatine is printed from the plate. Photo-mechanical printing. — A metal plate is made by electrodeposition from the gelatine relief, either directly, after metallizing the gela- tine with silver nitrate or otherwise, or indirectly from a mould, made by applying to the gelatine relief a sheet of plastic material, such as gutta- percha mixed with Venice turpentine and a little spirit of turpentine. The metal plate may thus have the image either in relief or sunken, and may be used for printing in ink, to reproduce en- gravings, drawings, maps or manuscripts : or the plate may be used for embossing, or for tigi>ring china. Xefjatives for photo-mechanical priniini], pro- ducing. — A regular grain is produced by photo- graphing a pattern of fine white lines on a dark ground, or dark lines on a white ground, with the camera ; the pattern may be a piece of white net stretched over a black cloth on a large frame. A print on paper, from a grained negative, may be used as a portable pattern. The net and the object may be photographed by successive ex- posures on one sensitive plate. Or a negative of the object may be placed in contact with a grained 15late made from the net only, and a copy made of them on another plate. Or a grained plate may l)e applied to a sensitive plate, with their collodion films or surfaces in contact, while the object is photographed on the sensitive plate in a camera. The grained negatives of objects con- taining half tints may be used in making chromo- gelatine reliefs and metal printing plates, as described above. I'rinlinri. — Prints having an artistic effect are made photographically from the grained negatives, on paper. 473. Newton, H.E.,[J«i(berf, /..J. Feb. H. Lensex. — A simple peri- scopic lens is built up of a number of super- posed layers. Small spherical lenses a re made by forcing fused glass by fluid pressure through a small aper- tuieo. Fig. 23 (Sheet 5). FIC.23(ih/JJ FIC 24.(Shf.S FlG.3l.f5W5.) For the purpose of form- ing lenticular masses of glass built up of layers of, it may be, different optical properties, the apparatus shown at Fig. 24 is employed. Over a gas blowpipe c a cup g of platinum or fireclay is mounted on the upper end of a shaft B driven by a pulley P. A lump of glass is placed in the eup g and then, whilst in a liquid state, it is rotate:! until it assumes the desired shape. A second or more lumps of different glasses are then treated in the same way. The glass is transferred from the furnace to the apparatus by means of a platinum brush, through the handle of which gases are fed to a burner which keeps the glass in a molten condition. Len- ticular masses may also be built up by super- posing plates and putting them into an annealing oven to cause them to adhere. A flux of white sand, minium, and cal- cined borax may be em- ployed. The optical properties may be made to vary from the centre outwards by superposing cylindrical sheets. Fig. 31, and then drawing tlie mass out into a rod. ^'arious substances may be interposed be- tween the sheets. Enlarging. — In an optical projecting-apparatus in which the lens is built up in layers, the adjust- ment for focussing is effected by means of screw- guides, and a rotary and reciprocating motion is given to the object holder. The apparatus is stated to be emjiloyc-d also for photographic enlarging. 797. Ashton, B.. H. March 17. M Photo-mechanical printing: negatives (or photo- viechnuieal printing, producing; ncgalives, pro- ducing !)!/ other metins tluin photograplvj; pro- ducing tron.sjxiroicie.'!. — Pictures obtained by the Woodbnrv photo-relievo process descrilied in Specification No. 2.'i,18, A.D. 18(M, on paper. 1866] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1866 glass, porcelain, or other transparent or semi- transparent material, may be tinted by first printing the surface with the desired tints, and afterwards applying the photo-relievo picture. Also the process may be applied to pictures other tliau photographs, and a method of com- bining other figures with the plioto-relievo picture is described. In the Woodbury process, coloured gelatine is poured on an intaglio sur- face, the depression in which corresponds to the light and shade of a photograph, and the paper, glass or other material is pressed on the surface, squeezing out the superfluous ink, and forming, when stripped from the mould, a picture in varying thiclvnesses of ink, which soon dries almost flat. The intaglio surface, according to the present invention, may also be formed without the aid of photography, by embossing, or by scraping away the parts of a drawing on wood, and pressing the surface; so obtained against a soft metal surface, or by electrotyping, or other process. Surfaces formed by photography may be combined with those formed otherwise, into oue moulding surface; also figures may be com- bined with the photographic surface by painting them in black on the negative, and printing tlie colourless part so obtained on the positive either before or after the Woodbury process by ehromo-lithography. When tinting the pictures, in order that the tints obtained by the chromo- lithographic printing may register with the picture by the Woodbury process, registering pins project frem the mould a. Fig. 1, and pass either through holes in the plate or paper e, or at the side of the plate &c., which is clamped to the mould until the gelatine is set b}' a hinged frame d with hinge / and catch g. Adjusting- screws are provided to adjust tlie level of the plate carrying the mould a. With glass, por- celain, or other hard surfaces, angle pieces are employed instead of registering pins, and in every case similarly-placed marks to act as guides are made in the colour-printing surfaces. The colouring may also be done by hand. The gelatine print may be transferred from one surface to another (coloured) one by coating the first surface with india-rubber solution, and when nearlj' dry, applying it to the coloured surface. On removing tlie first surface, prefer- ably paper, after being steeped in water, the gelatine print is left on the coloured surface. 820. Xiaroche, W. S. March 20. [Profixiomii protection only.] miidio (tccexsoi-les. — This invention consists in placing the persons whose portraits are to be taken in front of a background, and placing in front of and close to the sitters a screen or frame about six feet high and live feet wide, covered with canvas, and having an opening cut in the centre of it of any required size or shape. The opening is surrounded with ornamentation. The screen or frame is made to slide up and down a groove in a frameworlc, and can be raised or lowered to suit the height of anj' persou or persons by means of counterweights with ropes running over wheels fitted to the framework, or by means of a rack and pinion at the side of the framework, worked with a crank handle, or in any other suit- able manner. By means of the ordinarj^ camera and processes the frame and sitters are photo- graped at the same time, the result being a complete picture of anj- size with portrait and (U'namental frame complete. 887. Ramag-e, J., and Nelson, T. March 26. Plioto - meclMiiical printing.— A solution of gelatine and bichromate of potassium or ammonium is spread over a sheet of suitable material, preferably tinfoil, to a thickness according to the relief desired, and, when thoroughly dry, is exposed to the action of light through a photo- graphic negative of the design, engraving, draw- ing, &c. from which a printing surface is to be produced. The plate or sheet, with the gelatine surface, is then immersed in cold water until the parts unaltered by the light swell up to give the required relief, and the excess of water is removed by blotting paper. A solution, in carbon bisul- phide, of one part of asphalt, three parts of gutta-percha, and one part of india-rubber, previously dissolved in benzol, is poured over the surface of the gelatine which, when dry, forms a hard skiu. The edges of the metal plate are then turned up all round to form a tray, which is then filled with a composition of six parts of beeswax, four parts of paraffin, and two parts of asphalt. On removing the wax block, when dry, the design will be in relief upon its surface, from which an electrotype or stereotype printing-surface is obtained in the usual way. The process is applicable to the formation of printing-surfaces for hand-stamps or plates for copper-plate printing, but in the latter case a photographic positive instead of negative is employed for obtaining a print on the gelatine. April 5. [Provisional pro- 980. Cox, z:. tection only.] Developlncj-tents. — Portable dai-k chambers or tents are described for photographic manipulation in the field, and for containing and transporting the necessary- apparatus. An oblong box contains a washing trough, tap and tubing, cistei-n, chemicals, and bath. The hinged lid of this box carries an additional flap, and to each end of the box is hinged a corresponding flap, so that all actinic light may be oxeliided from the operator while manipulating, by means of the said flaps (when elevated) and a tent cloth suitalily stretched across the tops of the said flaps and secured to the waist of the operator. The tent cloth may be carried in the box, beneath the above mentioned trough. A four-wheeled carriage, constructed with a tank or reservoir, may be used to transport the box from place to place ; it is also provided with suitable arrangements for carrying the requisite tripods, and other similar appliances. When necessary to dispense with the carriage, as in ascending mountain jjasses and elsewhere, the 18661 ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1866 upper part of the box with the cover, flaps, trough or sink, and other necessary details may be made capable of removal from the box or case, so as to bo carried with the tent cloth and other apparatus by poles or otherwise, and set upon portable logs capable of being screwed or otherwise attached to it." otlier material may be treated with some chemical substance, which is darkened or blackened by the application of heat. 987. Grune, W. April C. [Promxioval pro- tection only.'] ProditciiKj photographs of npfciol churucler ; developing. — Photograjjhs are rendered invisible by soaking them in a solution of chloride of mercury, washing, and drying. To reproduce the photograph, a sheet of filter paper, which has been soaked in hyposulphite solution and dried, is placed over the print, and the two moistened. The picture is washed several times and dried. 1179. Kedler, C. April 26. [Provisional protection ojiii/.] Masks and masking. — A narrow white border, enclosed within a wide black or darkened border, is produced around the picture, by exposing the printing paper, first, with the border covered so as to produce the picture, and then with tlie centre of the paper covered, so as to leave a boi'der around the picture unacted upon by the light. 1285. Rock, T. D. May 5. [Provisional protection onltj.} Tripod stands. — The legs of a tripod stand, for telescopes and other instruments, are made of extra large diameter and jjrovided with cavities fur receiving the telescojje, or other instrument, swivel holder, levels and other instruments. Tlie legs are connected to a centre piece or cap, similar to the top of the stand, by stays or stretchers, each consisting of two brass rods, one sliding within the other and clamped in position by a binding screw. The telescope, or other instrument, may be mounted on the lower centre piece, when required for use in a low position, or when the stand is to be closed up, in which case the swivel holder and staj's rest in cavities in tlie sides of tlie legs. The cavities are suitably lined, and the whole stand and instrument are enclosed in an oilskin, or the like, for transijort. 1315. Woodbury, W. B. May 8. [Pro- vistonal protection only.] Ornanienliiig hi; pholographg. — A metal reverse is taken from an insoluble photographic srelatine mould, such as i-s doscrilied in Specification No. 2\VM, A.n. 18(51, and from this reverse is obtained an electrotype in thick metal. The electrotype is then heated, and pressed upon the surface of the wood, ivory, velvet, cardboard, or other substance, capable of being blackened by heat. In another method, the wood, paper, or 1334. Dallas, D. C. May 9. Plwto-meclianical printing; negatives for photo- mechanical printing, producing; producing plioto- graphs of special character. — Relates to the pro- duction of printing and other surfaces in relief or intaglio. The design is photographed, drawn, painted or transferred upon a glass plate in a medium that wholly, or partly, intercepts the actinic rays of light. Bitumen of .lud;ea in turpentine, Indian ink, sepia, or other colour may be used for drawing or making the design. Over the design a solution of bi-chromatized gelatine or gum &c. is poured, and when the coating is sufficiently dry the uncoated side of the plate is exposed to light. The parts not acted upon by light are then softened and caused to swell by treatment with cold water ; this is poured off and the design is repeatedly washed with warm water till the design is free from the gelatinous mixture, and allowed to dry. Increased I'elief may be obtained, (1) when the origbial design has been piodiieed in bitumen of Jud;ea or like material, capable of withstanding the washing above de- scrilied, by i-ecoating the surface with sensitive solution, again exjiosiug to light, and rciieating the washings and drying ; repetitions of the process give the desired amount of relief ; (2) by damping or causing the insoluble design to absorb moistui-e ; (3) when the original design has been produced in a soluble material, the said design may be obliterated by the solvent without injury to the insoluble relief, leaving the glass bare at those parts where the coating is dissolved, an increase of depth being thus produced. A granulated surface may be produced on the relief, such as is required when a copper-plate printing-surface is to be made from it, by laying all over it an aquatint ground, or dabbing the surface with a sticky material and sift ing powdered rosin thereon. A mould or reverse of the surface is taken by electrotyping, casting, or pressure. The mould or cast maybe taken in melted sulphur, or in a composition of gutta-percha and oil, or in a solution of gelatine or glue, or in stereotyping material such as plaster, paper, &c. Stereotyiiing moulds may be taken from the original relief or from the reverse. A mould or reverse may also be made with thin tin lead or other foil by beat- ing or otherwise pressing it on to the relief and backing it. The process is applicable to the pro- duction of jiriiitiiig or embossing plates, or raised surfaces for use in pantograph eiigraving-niaohines. Intaglio surfaces prepared as above may also be I used for printing in halt tones by the photo- relievo precess. 1364. Southwell, VT. H., Southwell, F.. and SouthTirell, E. May 12. [Provisional jn'otcctioii onlij.\ Mounting pii}ity. — The litliograiihic stone to be used for printing a ground &c. for photographic 56 1866] ABRIDGMENT CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. [1866 prints, is recessed at that part of the surface which corresponds with tlie desired position of the print upon the mount. 1641. Dallmeyer, J. H. June 18. [Pro- visional protection only.] Lenses for photographic and especially archi- tectural work are made of three simple leuses, the lirst and third of which are crown glass and posi- tive, the intermediate lens being of flint glass and negative. The anterior lens is a deep concave meniscus with the convex side outwards, and is made larger than the posterior lens, which is plano- convex with the convex face outside. The inter- mediate lens is plano-concave with the plane side facing the anterior lens. Spaces are left between the lenses, and to obviate distortion, a stop is placed between the posterior and intermediate lenses at the optical centre of the combination. Portrait lenses, whicli consist of two corrected lenses with a space and stop between them, are made with the anterior combination larger than the posterior combination. To prevent both land- scape and portrait lenses from giving painfully sharp detail in one plane, and too little in another, the lenses are so mounted that the distance be- tween them may be varied at will. In this waj any desired amount of aberration may be pro- duced, and the focus spread over a certain space. 1918. Woodbury, W. Julv 24. FIC.2 Photo-mechanical printing — Relates to methods 9U 1786. Field, Ii. .July 6. [Provisional protec- tion only.] Printing. — A printing-frame comprises two flaps, hinged together so as to close upon one another, and having studs on the edge of one to take into holes in the edge of the other. One flap com- prises an inner frame and a sheet of glass to sup- port the negative, which frame is supported in the flap by openings so as to press the negative against the printing paper or surface in the other flap. This second flap comprises a panel having a num- ber of slots in which is adjustably fixed a pneu- matic plate holder, supporting the printing paper or surface. of and apparatus for printing by means of soft metal intaglios prepared from photographic gela- tine reliefs, as in the process described in Speci- fication No. 2338, A.D. 1864, or other analogous manner. The gelatine relief is pressed into a true-surfaced cylinder of lead or lead alloy, by means of a reciprocating table or a steel cylinder. The table is formed with a plane surface and runs on adjustable rollers. A separate machine may be used for this purpose, or the printing-machine may be modified to effect the impression. The same machine may be >ised for smoothing the sur- face of the paper to be printed, by substituting a polished steel roller for the soft-metal cylinder. The indented soft-metal cylinder is placed in the printing-machine, at huj ; prodiiciiiij p)iolo(jraphs of speciid character. — In order thai the annnonia vapours, evolved when tobacco or cigars are smoked, may be used to reproduce or redeveloj) silver photo- graphic prints, which have been rendered invisible by mercuric chloride, cigar holders and pipes are constructed with a transverse aperture, over which the prepareil paper is fastened by gum &c. 2869. Brig'es, SI. de. Xov. 3. [Provisional protection relinked.] Producing distorted pliotoriniphs. — Grotesque portraits are ol)talned by the use of cylindrical, spherical, or other shaped mirrors, the image formed by them being photographed. Parts of such portraits may be combined with others obtained in the usual manner. 2939. Skaife, T. Nov. 10. Lamps, actinic. — An actinic lamp comprises a spring-actuated vibrating platform, with one or more touch holes, on which platform is placed the substance to be burnt. At the moment of lighting the sidjstance, the platform is set vibrating, so as to produce instantaneous comljustion of the substance. 2997. Sernleri, Xi. Nov. l.'>. Ptioto-reliefs ; print- ing : maskx and marking. — I'hotograijhic back - grounds are provided wit h inscriptions, o]- heraldic or other devices, so as to obtain a medalli. Dec. 3. IProvtsional protection oiili/.] Producing p}iotographK of special character ; photo-reliefs. — To olitain a bas-relief of an object such as a bust, it is placed in a chamber to which liffht is only admitted by an adjustable aperture fitted with a reflector for tlie purpose of distributing the light equally. A negative of the object is then obtained by means of a camera in tlie cliamber, the light being strongest for those pai'ts nearest tlie aperture, and from this a mould in chromatized gelatine is produced wliich may itself be used for embossing or for casting plaster or other bas-reliefs. 3221. Iiane, T. Dec. 6. [Provisional pro- tection only.] Printing,— To the back piece of a printing- frame is attached a spring clip which serves to hold together the paper and the negative at one end, and to the front edge of the same piece is hinged a flap. Fastened to the flap are spring clips carried by pieces which slide in sockets so that they can be withdrawn and replaced when it is necessary to examine the print. The back piece and flap are covered with black velvet, cloth, or other elastic material. 3303. Swan, J. W. Dec. 15. Mounting prints.— Prints mounted with gela- tine are steeped in a solution of chrome alum, or other chromium salt. The prints may be mounted with a mixture of gelatine or gum and chrome alum dissolved in water and used immediately after making up, or they may be mounted with plain gelatine upon paper wetted with the chromium solution. The process renders the gelatine insoluble. 59 LONDON: PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, Bt love & MALCOMSON, Ltd., 4 & 5, Dean Street, W.C. TuBLisHEn AT THE PATENT OFFICE, 25, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C. 1906. PATENT OFFICE PUBLICATIONS. ACTS AND RUXiES. Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883. Is. 7|d., by post Is. 9d. Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks (Amendment) Act, 1885. l-Jd., by post 'Id. Patents Act, 1886. lid., by post 2d. Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1888. l^d., by post 2d. Patents Act, 1901. id., by post Id. Patents Act, 1902. \d., by post Id. Patents Rules, 1903. 6d., by post Id. Patents Rules, 1905. Id., by post l^d. Designs Rules, 1890. 6d., by post G^d. Designs Rules (Lace), 1893. Id., by post 1 Id. Designs Rules, 1898. Id., bv post Hd. Trade Marks Rules, 1890. 6d., by post Id. Trade Marks Rules, 1897. Id., by post Hd. Trade Marks Rules, 1898. Id., by post Ud. Register of Patent Agents' Rules, 1889 and 1891. 2d., by post 2id. JOVRNAZiS. ILLUSTRATED OFFICIAL JOURNAL (PA- TENTS). Published every Wednesday. 6d., by post 8d. Annual Subscription, including postage, 1/. 15s. ; Quarterly Sub- scription, 8s. 9d. Contents : — Official Notices — Applications for Patents — Accept- ances of Specifications — Amendments of Specifications — Patents Scaled — Renewal Fees Paid — -Patents Void — Applications Abandoned &c. — Specifications &c. Published — Designs Registered — Illustrated Abridg- ments of Current Specifications — and Reports of Patent &c. Cases. 1884. Vols. I. and II. 3;. 3s. 1885-1887. Vols. lll.-\ail. II. 6s. each. 1888-1904. Vols. IX.-XXIV. 1/. 6s. each. TRADE MARKS JOURNAL. Published every Wednesday. 6d., by post, 8d. Annual Subscription, including postage, IJ. 15s. Quarterly Subscription, 8s. 9d. Contents : — Illustrations of Trade Marks applied for, and the Name and Calling of Applicants. 1876-1887. Nos. 1. to 509. Is. each. 1888. Nos. 510 to 561. Is. 6d. each. 1889-1904. Nos. 562 to 1396. 6d. each, by post Sd. Subscriptions to the above Journals will not be received for a shorter period than three months, such period to commence on either of the following dates : — 1st January, I 1st July, or 1st April, I 1st October. Annual Subscriptions to date from 1st January in each year. 122,000— \Vt 16MS-1901-L & U. REPORTS of PATENT, DESZCN, and TRADE MARK. CASES. 1884-6. 6d. each number, or 10s. per yearly volume. 1887-8. Is. each number, or 20s. per yearly volume. 1889-1901. 6d. each number. Price of yearly volumes according to size. DIGESTS of CASES reported in Vols. I.-V., Is. each ; Vols. VI.-XVII., 6d. each. CONSOLIDATED DIGEST of CASES reported in Vols. I.-X., 5s. per copy, by post 5s. 5d. ; Vols. XI.-XVI., 5s. per copy, by post 5s. 4d. PRINTED SPECIFICATIONS OF PATENTS. 1617-1904. Price per copy, Sd., including inland postage. In ordering Specifications the Name of the Patentee, and the Number and Year of the Patent must be given. Specifications are on Sale 15 days after advertisement of Acceptance of Complete Specification. I ABRXOGSXENT-CIiASS AND INDEX I KEV (issued Decemhei; 1899). I Showing Abridgment Cl..\^.sses and Index Head- ings, to which Inventions are assigned in the OCDcial Publications of the Patent Ofiice. Is., by post Is. 6d. ABRIDGMENTS OF SPECIFICA- TIONS. (A). — Illustrated volumes of Abridgments of Specifications in accordance with the classi- fication in the Abridgment-Class and Inoex Key have been published, or are in course of preparation, for nine consecutive periods, dealing completely with all specifi- cations published from 1617 to the present date. There are 146 volumes for each of these nine periods, and the price of each volume is Is., including inland postage. liist of Illustrated Volumes. 1. Acids, alkaliks, oxides, and salts, Ixorganic. 2. ACIL.S AND SALTS, UKGA.SIC, AND OTHER CAKBON COMPOUNDS, [nicludinil Dj'PSl. 3. Advertising and displaying. 4. Aeronautics. 5. Agricultural appliances. Farmyard and like. [Lucludinfi the housing, feeding, and treatment of animalej. 6. Agricultural appliances for the treatment OE land and cit0P.s, [iiidiiUtng Gardening-appU- aiices;. PATENT OFFICE PUBLICATIONS. 7. Am AND GAS ENGINES. 8. alb and gases, compbessino, exhausting, moving, and otherwibe treating. 9. Ammunition, torpedoes, explosives, and pyro- technics. 10. Animal power engines and miscellaneous motors. 11. Artists' instkume.vts and materials. 12. ItEABINGS AND LUBRICATING-APPARATUS. i:t. Hells, gongs. FoonORNS. sirens, and whistles. 11. Beverages, [rxceptitig Tea. coffee, cocoa, and like beverages]. 15. Bleaching, dteing, and washing textile matekiai.8, yarns, fabrics, and the like, [ex*:epiinff Dj'es]. 16. Books, UitcltuimQ Cards and card cases and the like]. 17. Boots and Shoes. IS. Boxes and cases, ['rrf^dny Trunks, portmanteaus, hand and like travelling bags, baskets, hampers, and other wickcrwork]. IP. Brushing and sweeping. ■JO. Buildings and structures. ■Jl. Casks and barbels. 22. Cements and like compositions. '23. Centrifugal drying, separating, and mixing MACHINKS and APPARATUS. 21. Chains, chain cables, shackles, and swivels. 25. Chimneys and flues, Itmluding Ventilating-shaft tops]. 26. Closets, urinals, baths, lavatories, and like sanitary appliances. 27. Coin-freed apparatus and the like. 28. Cooking and kitchen appliances, bread-making, AND confectionery. 29. Cooling and ice-making, lincluding Ketrigerators atid Ice-Storing]. 30. Cutlery. 31. Cutti.vg, punching, and perforating paper, leather, and fabrics, [inclwlini! the Keneral treatment of paper after its manufacture]. 32. Distilling, concentrating, evaporating, and condensing liudids, [cicepttng Steam-engine condensers]. XI. Drains and sewers. 34. Drying. 35. Dy.xamo-electric ge.serators and motors, [ii- c.-uding Frictional and influence machines, magnets, and the like]. 36. ■Kl.KCTRIClTY, conducting AND INSULATING. 37. k'lectricity, measuring and testing. 38. Klkctbicitt, Regulating and distributing. 39. Electric i.amps and fcknaces. <0. Electric telegraphs a.sd telephones. 41. Electrolysis, [uicluding Electrodeposition ani Kloctroiil itinp]. 12. Fabkics, Dressing and finishing woven and MANUFACTUKING FELTED, {mcluding Foldill;;, Winding, Measuring, and P.icking]. iX Fastenings. Dress, {ineindmn Jfwellery]. ♦1. Fasteni.ngs, Lock, latch, bolt, and other, \in- cluduig Safes and strong-rooms]. i^. Fencing, tkellis. and wire netting. 46. Filtering and otherwise purifying liquids. 47. fike, extinctio.v and prevention of. 48. Fish and KisHiNfi. 4.fl. Food pueparations and food-preserving. 5b. Fuel, Manufacture of. 51. Furnaces and kilns, [mdvding Blowpipes and blowpipe burners : Smiths' forges and rivet hearths ; and Smoke and fumes, treating]. 52. Furniture and uphoi^thry. 63. Galvanic batteries. 61. Gas distribution. 55. Gas MANUFArii he. X. Glass. 67. Governors, Speed-regulating, for engines and machinery. 68. Grain and seeds. Treating, [including Flour and meal). 69. GUINDI.NG, CRUSHING, PULVERIZING, AND THE I.IKF.. no. Grinding or abuadino. and burnishing. 61. Hand tooi.s and benches for the use cf metal, wood, and bione workers. r.i ITar.nees and baddi.erv. 13. Hats and othek head coverings. 01. Heating, [ir.yniy Furnaces and kilns ; and Stoves, ranges, and fireplaces]. 65. Hl.VOES. HINOK-JOINTS, AND DOOR AND GATE FUR- , nituhe and acces.'^oriks, [txceptwg Faslcniiigs, Lock, latch, bolt, and other], 66. Hoi.LOw-WARE, Imrhiding Buckets, Pane. Kettles, Sauccpms, and ^Vate^-can^J. 67. hoiuse-shoes. 63. Hyi.isaulic engineering. 69. Hydraulic machinery and apparaiC/S, [eTcpting I^imns and other means for raising and forcing liquids] 70. India-rubber and guita-percha, [including V\as\io compositions and Materials of constructive utility, other than metals and stone], VI. Injectors and ejectors. 72. Iron and steel manufacture. 73. Labels, badges, coins, tokens, and tickets. 71. Lace-making, knitting, netti.ng, braiding, and plaiting. 75. Lamps, candlesticks, gasaliers. and other illiiminating-appabatus, [excepting Elcctric lamps]. 76. Leather, [indudino Treatment of hides and skins]. 77. Life-saving, [Marine], and swim.ming and bath- ing appliances. 78. LlFTiNi.. HAULING, AND LOADING, [including Lower- ing, Winding, and Unloading]. 79. Locomotives and motor vehicles for road and RAIL, [including Portable and semi-portable engines]. 80. Mecha.vism and mill gearing. 81. Medicine, surgery, and de.ntistry. 8'2. Metals and alloys, [cxctrpting Iron and Steel manufacture]. 83. Metals. Cutting and working. 81. Milking, churning, and cheese-making. 85. Mining, quarrying, tunnelling, and well- 8inki.no. SG. Mixing and agitating machines and appli- ances, [^^c^epling Centrilugal machines and .ipparatus]. 87. Moulding plastic and powdered substances, [tnciudmij Bricks, building and paving blocks, and tiles, and Pottery], 88. Music and musical instruments. 89. Nails, rivets, bolts and nuts, screws, and like fastenings. 90. Non-metallic elements. 91. Oils. fats, lubricants, candles, and soaps. 91. Ordnance and machine guns. 93. Ornamenting. 91. Packing and bai.ing goods. 95. Paints, colours, and varnishes. 96. Paper, pasteboard, and papiek maCH& 97. Philosophical instru.ments, [including Optical. Nautical, Surx'cying, Mathematical, and Meteoro- logical Instruments], 98. Photography. 99. Pipes, tubes, and hose. KK). Printing, letterpress and lithographic. 101. Printing other than letterpress or litho- graphic. 102. Pumps and other means for raising and forcing liquids, [excepting Rotary Pumps]. 103 Railway and tramway \-ehicles. 101. Railways and tra.mwavs. 10.5, Railway signals and communicating-apparatus. 106. Registering, indicating, measuring, and cal- culating, [excepting Signalling and indicating by signals]. 107. Roads and ways. 108. Road vehicles. 10>t. Ropes and cords. 110. Rotary engines, pumps, blowers, exhausters, AND meters. 111. Sewage. Treaiment of, [including Manure], 112. Sewing and e.mbboiderino. 113. Ships, boats, and babt^, Div. I. 111. Div, ir. 115. Div. 111. IIG. Shop, publichouse, and warehouse fittings and accessories. 117. Sifting and separating. 118. Signalling and indicating by signals, [rxcrpiinij Railway signals and communicating-apparatus]. 119. Small-arms. 1'20. Spinni.no. \tncluding the preparation of fibrous maieriiil.s and the doubling of yarn--' and thrcidt-]. 121. Starch, gum. size, glue, and other stiffening AND adhesive MATERIALS. 122. Steam engines, [lucludmg Details common to fluid- pri'ssure engines generally]. 123. Steam generators, [accfplmg Furnaces]. 121. Stone, marble, and the like, Cuitino and WORKING. 125. Stoppering and bottling, [including Bottles, jars and like vessels]. 12i>. Stoves, ranges, and fireplaces. 1'27. Sugar. 1'23. Table articles and appliances. 121). Tea, coffek, cocoa, a.nd like beverages. 110, Tobacco. 131. Toilet and haikdressinq articles, and per- fumery. 132. Toys, games, and exercises. 133. Tru.nks, portmanteaus, hand and like travel- ling BAGS, baskets, HAMPERS. AND OTHER wicker-work, 131. ITmBRELLAS. PARASOLS, AND WALKIKO-STICKS. 135. 'Valves a;;d cocks. PATENT OFFICE PUBLICATIONS. lU 136. Velocipede?. 137. Ventilation. 138. Washing and cleaning clothes, domestic articles. and buildings. 139. Watches, clocks, and other timekeepers. U». Waterproof and similar fabrics. HI. Wearing-appakel. U2. Weaving and woven fabrics. 113. Weighing-apparatus. 111. Wheels for vehicles, lexceptmg IVheels for Loco- motives and tramway and traction engines; Railway and tramway vehicles ; and Toys]. U5. Wood and wood-working machinery. 116. Writing-instruments and stationery and writing accessories, [tncludm^ Educational appliances]. Iiist of Periods. 1617 — 1854. [In preparation,) 1855—1866. 1867—1876. 1877—1883. 1884—1888. 1889—1892. 1893—1896. 1897-1900. 1901 — 1904. (In cotirse of publication.) NOTICE. — Volumes in course of pullication can he obtained sheet by sheet, as printed, by pai/ment in advance of a subscription of 2.i. for each volume, including inland postage. Tlie sheets alreadi/ printed canbe seen in the Patent Office Library and in some of the principal provincial Libraries. (B). — TJuillustratcd volumes of Abridgments of Specifications from 1C17 to 1866. For tlie period before 1855, reference maybe made to tlie uiiillitstrated series of abridgements, but it must be borne in mind that this series is not in accordance witli tlie above chissifi- cation and does not deal completely with all the published specifications belonging to that period. The price of each Tolutne in this series is 2s., including inland postage. Xiist of Vnillustrated Volumes. (The nunibers tcithiii bra/^kHs following the titles are the serial 7iitmbers oj the volumes). Acids. Alkalies. Oxides, and Salts:— (40.) 1622- 186G. Aeronautics. (41.) 1815-18C6. Agriculture :— Div. 1.— Field Implements. (81.) 1618-1866. Div. II.— Barn and Far.mvard Implk.me.vts, lincludmo the cleansing, drying, and storing of grain]. (82). 1636-1866. Div. III.— Agricultural and Traction En- gines. (83.) 1618-1866. Aids to locomotion. (7.) 1691-1856. Air, Gas. and other Motive-power Engines. (62.) 1635-1866. Anchors. (69.) 1796-1866. Artificial Leather, Floorcloth. Oilcloth, Oil- skin, and othkr Waterproof Fabrics. (80.) 1627-1866. Artists' Instruments and Materials. (51.) 16)8-1866. Bleaching, Dyeing, and Printing Calico and other Fabrics and Yarns. (14.) 1617-18.57. Brewing, Wine-maki.ng, and Distilling Alcoholic Liquids. (99.1 1631-1SB6. Bricks and Tiles. (2.'.) 1819-1860.- Bridges. Viaducts, and Aqueduct's. (36.) 1750-1866. Books, Portfolios, Card-cases, So. (13.) 1?^1866. Brushing and Sweeping. (57.) 1699-1856. Carriages and other Vehicles for Common Roads. (98.) 1025-1866. Carriages and other Vehicles for Railways. (16.) 1S07-186B. Casks and Barrels. (74.) 1797-180*. Chains, Chain Cables, &o. (90.) 1631-1866. Cooking, Bread-.making, and CONFRcnoNERy. (61.) 1634-1866. Cutting Folding, and Ornamenting Paper. (12.) 1636-1866. Drains and Sewers. (1.) 1619-1.866. Dressing and Finishing Wove.v Fabrics, and Manu- facturi.ng Felted Fabrics. (91.) 16^0-1866. Electricity and Magnetisji. their Gknisration and Applications. (15.) 1766-1867. Electricity and Magnetism :— Div. IV.— Elk.ctric Lighti.ng, Igniting, and Heating. (95). 1839-1876. Div. v.— Electrodeposition and Electro- lysis. (96.) 180.5-1876. Div. VI.— Electric Motive-powek Engines and»slmilar apparatus. (97.) 1837-1876. Farriery. (53.) 1719-1866. Fire-arms and otrer Weapons. A.mmunition, and Accoutrements. (10.) 15SS-185S. Fire Engines, Exti.nguishers, E.scapes, Alap..ms, &c. (8S.) 1625-1866. Furniture and Upholstery. (39.) 1620-1866. Grinding Grain, and Dressi.vg Flour and Meal. (78.) 1623-1866. Harbours. Docks, Canals, &o. (77.) 1617-1866. Hinges, Hinge-joints, and Door Springs. (9). 1775-1866. Hydraulics. (32.) 1617-1866. IcE-MAKiNG Machines, Ice Safes, and Ice Houses. (85.) I819-1S66. Lace-making, Knitting. Netting, Braiding, and Plaiting. (29.) 1675-1866. Lamps. Candlesticks, Chandeliers, and other Illuminating .\pparatus. (44.) 1637-1866. Letterpress a.nd Si.milar Printing. (13.) 1617-1857. Locks, Latches, Bolts, and Similar Fastenings. (60.) 1774-1866. Manufacture of Iron and Steel. (6.) ]620-lf66. Manufacture of Paper, Pastebo-ard, and Papier Mache. (11.) 1665-1857. Manure. (3 ) 1721-1855. Marine Propulsio.v, [exclwiin} Sails]. (5). 1618-1857. 1857-lSOG. Masts, Sails, Rigging, &c. (73.) 16-'5-1866. Medicine, Surgery, and De.ntisry. (25.) 1620-1866. Metallic Pipes and tubes. (70.) 1741-1866 Metals and Alloys, (excepting Iron and Steel]. (18), 1623-1859. Milking, Churning, and Cheese-Making. (72). 1777-1866. Mining. (Juarrying, Tunnelling, and Well-sink- ing. (71.) 1618-1866. Musio and Musical Instruments. (26.) 1691-1866. Nails, Rivets. Bolts, Screws, Nuts, and Washers. (58.) 1618-1.866. Needles and Pins. (45.) 1755-1866. Oils. Fats, Lubricants, Candles, and Soaps. (27.) 1617-1866. Optical. Mathematical, and other Philosophical instrume-vts. (76.) 1636-1866. Paints, Colours, and Varnishes. (50.) 1618-1866. Photography. (19.) 1839-1859. Plating ok Coating Metals with Metals. (23 ) 1637-1860. Pottery. (24.) 1626-1861. Preparatio.n and Combustion of Fuel. (30.) 1620-1865 {Old u/ print). Preparation and use of Tobacco. (42.) 1721-1806. Preparatio.v of India-Rubber and Gutta-Percha. (16.) 1791-1866. Preparing and Cutting Cork, Bottling Liquids, &c. (56.) 1777-1866. Pkeservatio.v of Food. (4.) 1691-1855. Pkoduction and Applications of Gas. (17.) 1681-1858. 1859-1866. Purifying and Filtering Water. (79.) 1675-1866. Railways. (33.) 1803-1866. Railway Signals and Communicating Apparatus. (38.) 1840-1866 [out of print). Raising, Lowering, and Weighing. (31.) 1617-1806. Roads and Ways. (35.) 1619-1866. Saddlery, Harness, Stable Fittings, &c. (34.) 16-25-1866 Safks. .Strong Rooms. Tills, &e. (61.) 1801-1S66. Sewing and Embroidering. (2) 1755-1S66. Ship Building, Repairing, Sheathing, Launching, &c. (21.) 1618-1860. Skins, Hides, and Leather. (55.) 1627-1866. Spinning. (28.) 1621-1863 (out c/;Tm(), Starch, Gum, Size. Glue, &c. (100.) 1717-1876. Steam Culture. (8.) 1618-1856. Hee also Agriculture. Diva. L and HI. ir PATENT OFFICE PUBLICATIONS. Steam Engines. (49.) 1618-1859 (in 2 toIs.). Steering and MAStEUVRiNQ Vessels. (75.) 1763-18()6. Sugar. (48.) 16B3-18ii«). Tea. Coffee, Ciiicorv, Chocolate, Cocoa, &c. (87.) nOt-1866. Toys, Games, and Exercises. (51 ) 1672-1866. Trunks, Portma.steaus, Boxes, and Bags. (81.) 1635-1866. Umbrellas, Parasols, and Walking-Sticks. (47.) 1786-1866. Unfermkntkd Beverages. Aerated Liquids, Mineral Waters, &c. (86.) 1774-1866. Ventilation. (52.) 1632- 1866. Washing and Wringing Machines. (89.) 1691-1866. Watches, Clocks, and other Timekeepers. (9.i 1661-1856. Water Closets, Earth Closets, Urinals, &c. (63.) 1775-1866. ■NNearixg-Apparel.— Div. 1.— Head Coverings. (65.) 1637-1866. Div. II. -Body Coverings. (66 p 1671-1806. Div. III.— Koot Coverings. (67.) 1693-18ii«. • —Div. IV.-Dress Fastenings and Jewellerv. (68.) 1631-1866. ■Weaving. (20 1 1620-1859. Wbiti.vg Instruments and Materials. (37). 1635-1866. ZNSZSXES. 1617-185a NAME INDEX. 5« , bv post 5-. M. SUBJECT-MATTEH INDEX. 2 vuls. 10'., by post 10s. lOd. 1852-1883. NAME-INDEX. 18.=i2-56. 1864-70. 2s.6 /. each yearly volnrac, by post 2s.l0d. 1871-1873. 23. each yearly volume, by posiai. 3d. 1857-63, 1874-83. Out of print. SUBJECT-MATTER INDEX. 1852-1855. 5s. each yearly volume, by poatSt. id, 1856-1883. thU of print. 1884 and subsequent years, NAME INDEX. 1884. Outc/pnnt. 1885-1888. 2j. each yearly volume, by post 2s. 4rf. 1887 nut of print. 1889-1903. .Sm Illustrated Official Journals, Nos. ,S2, 108, 160. 212, 265. 317, 370, 423, 475. 527, 579. 631, 6S3, 735, and 786, 6'. each, by post Sd. Journals Noa. 108, 160, and 212, out oj print. SUBJECT-MATTER INDEX of ACCEPTED COM- PLETE .SPECIFICATIONS DATED IN THE YEARS NAMED. 1884. 7s., by post 7s. bd. 1885-1886. Ihito/iirint. 1887-18.90. 3«. 4d. each yearly volume, by post 3«, id. 1891-1902. 2s. each yearly volume, by post is. id. MONTHLY SUBJECT-MATTER INDEX of ACCEPTED COMPLETE SPECIFICATIuNS. Consolidated in March, June, September, and December, 1». each part. Annual Subscription, 5s., by post Is. Hi. PATENT OFFICE LIBRARY. CATAZiOGUE. Vol. I. Authors. 1898. II. 6s. Od. ; by post 1(. 6s. 8•.' \ nd r:t I /