THE ART 
 
 OF 
 
 GARNISHING CHURCHES 
 
 AT 
 
 CHRISTMAS 
 
 AND 
 
 OTHER FESTIVALS. 
 
THOMSON & PINDER, PRINTERS, 3, BOLT COURT, FLEET STREET, E.C. 
 
Digitized by 
 
 the Internet Archive 
 
 
 
 in 2014 
 
 
 
 http://archive.org/details/artofgarnishingcOOcoxe_0 
 
Plate 1 
 
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 1 
 
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THE ART 
 
 OF 
 
 GARNISHING- CHURCHES 
 
 AT CHRISTMAS 
 
 AND 
 
 OTHER FESTIVALS, 
 
 BY 
 
 EDWARD YOUNG COX, 
 
 WITH 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHS, LITHOGRAPHS, & WOOD ENGRAVINGS' 
 
 ILLUSTRATING THE ORIGINAL DESIGNS OF SEVERAL ARCHITECTS, 
 AND NUMEROUS ANTIENT EXAMPLES. 
 
 / 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 COX & SON, ECCLESIASTICAL WAREHOUSE, 
 
 28 & 2g, SOUTHAMPTON STREET, STRAND. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Introduction J. 
 
 Evergreen Wreaths , , 14 
 
 Evergreen Devices 19 
 
 Flower Devices 21 
 
 Naturai Flowers 23 
 
 Texts 24 
 
 Illuminated Devices 33 
 
 Applique Devices 34 
 
 Banners 38 
 
 Reredos and Wall Diaper 40 
 
 Window Sills 44 
 
 •Screens , 45 
 
 Pulpit and Desk 47 
 
 Font 48 
 
 Lectern 50 
 
 Coronse and Standard 51 
 
 List of Texts 52 
 
 Description of Plates 58 
 
 List of Materials 67 
 
 Frontispiece and Illustrations Plates 1 to 2 7 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The following pages are intended to serve as 
 a plain practical compendium of the art of 
 garnishing Churches at Christmas and other 
 Festivals. The principles of the art are briefly 
 discussed, and the rules for applying them are 
 given so fully that they will, it is hoped, suffice 
 for the guidance of the most inexperieuced 
 Amateurs. 
 
 The subject has been considered solely in its 
 resthetical aspects. A great diversity of opinion 
 prevails as to the proper limits of Ecclesiastical 
 decoration ; but the Author has entirely abstained 
 from entering into that controversy. He has 
 contented himself with giving designs and methods., 
 varying widely in character, and suitable, some to 
 the most elaborately and some to the most simply 
 decorated edifices. 
 
Every available treatise relating to the present 
 and allied subjects has been considered. The in- 
 formation derived from these sources has been 
 combined with the results of the Author's own 
 practical experience — which is considerable — and 
 with the valuable suggestions of several clergymen 
 and others, who have successfully practised the 
 beautiful art, which applies some of Nature's 
 gifts to illustrate the successive seasons of the 
 Christian year. 
 
 A grateful acknowledgment is due to several 
 friends for the useful information contributed by 
 them, and particularly to Mr. S. J. Nicholl, 
 and Mr. B, J. T albert, for several designs which 
 illustrate these pages. 
 
THE 
 
 ART OF GARNISHING CHURCHES 
 
 AT 
 
 CHRISTMAS AND OTHER FESTIVALS. 
 
 - «r.;t« - 
 
 The decoration of Churches with flowers 
 and foliage at Christmas and other Festivals, 
 is sanctioned by constant usage, both before 
 and since the Reformation. There are abun- 
 dant references in old writers to this custom. 
 For example, Spenser in his " Shepherd's Com- 
 plaint," which appeared in 1579 — that is, in 
 the reign of Elizabeth, says : — 
 
 44 Youths fblke now flocken in every where, 
 To gather May buskets and smeling breere 
 And home they hasten the posts to dight ; 
 And all the Kirke pillars ere day light 
 With Hawthorne buds and sweet Eglantine 
 And girlonds of Hoses.' ' 
 
 In a few words he manages to give a very 
 complete idea of the mode in which Churches 
 were garnished with various flowers in his day. 
 The "posts" and pillars of the sacred building 
 were to be decked with the fragrant blossoms 
 of the White Thorn, with branches of Sweet 
 Briar and garlands of Roses. 
 
2 
 
 Stowe in his u Survey of London" which was 
 first published about twenty years later (a.d. 
 1598.) says:— 
 
 " Against the feast of Christmas every man's house as also 
 their parish Churches were dressed with holme, ivy, bayes and 
 whatsoever the season of the year afforded to he green. The 
 conduits and standards in the streets were garnished in the same 
 manner." 
 
 Here again the modern decorator may gain 
 one or two useful hints. The quotation from 
 old Stowe may serve to remind us that there 
 are other available materials at Christmas 
 besides Holly — that the Ilex or evergreen Oak, 
 the bay and ivy may even in mid-winter be 
 used to give a festive appearance to God's 
 house. 
 
 Perhaps one of the most striking evidences 
 of the antiquity of the custom is the name of 
 the ever-green shrub Holly — evidently a corrup- 
 tion of u Holy. " In all probability the appella- 
 tion is derived from the use of holly leaves and 
 berries to adorn Churches. The practice of 
 decking sacred edifices with green boughs and 
 flowers existed long before the Reformation ; 
 but it is clear that the custom was not inter- 
 rupted by that event. The passages above 
 cited are taken from Authors who wrote many 
 years after the separation of the English Church 
 
3 
 
 from that of Rome, and after the revision of 
 our ritual and the adoption of our present 
 Prayer Book. Several learned writers have 
 collected interesting extracts from Churchwar- 
 dens' accounts in different parts of the kingdom, 
 showing that during the sixteenth century, 
 flowers were frequently provided at the ex- 
 pense of the parishioners in adorning Churches. 
 
 Numerous authorities for this custom are given in 
 Brand's " Popular Antiquities of Great Britain," 
 edited by Sir Henry Ellis. The following extracts 
 are from the chapter entitled ' 1 Evergreen decking 
 at Christmas: — 
 
 ''Bourne in his 4 Antiquities of the Common People,' cites the 
 'Council of Bracara,' canon 73, as forbidding Christians to deck 
 their houses with hay leaves and green boughs ; but this ex- 
 tended only to their doing it at the same time with the Pagans. 
 The practice of decking the Churches at this season is still pre- 
 valent in this country. Bourne observes that ' In the south, par - 
 particularly at our Universities, it is very common to deck not 
 only the common windows of the town, but also the chapels of 
 the colleges with branches of laurel, which was used by the 
 antient Romans as the emblem of peace, joy, and victory. In 
 the Christian sense it may be applied to the victory gained over 
 the powers of darkness by the coming of Christ.' 
 
 "In Herbert's 'Country Parson' (1675, p. 56) the author tell us 
 ' Our parson takes order that the church be swept and kept clean 
 without dust or cobwebs, and at great festivals straived and 
 stuck with houghs? 
 
i 
 
 " A writer in the 4 Gentleman's Magazine' for May, 1811 
 speaking of the manner in which the inhabitants of the North 
 Hiding in Yorkshire celebrate Christmas, says : — 4 The windows 
 and pews of the churches (and also the windows of houses), are 
 adorned with branches of holly, which remain till Good Friday/ 
 
 44 Among the antient annual disbursements of S. Mary-at-Hill, 
 in the city of London, is the following entry : — 4 Holme and ivy 
 at Christmas Eve, iiijd.' In the churchwardens' accounts of 
 S. Lawrence Parish, Reading, 1505, 4 It. payed to Makrell for 
 the holy bush agayn Christmas, ijd ' In similar accounts for 
 the Parish of S. Margaret, Westminster, 1647, 4 Item paid for 
 rosemarie and bayes that was stuck about the church at Christ- 
 mas, Is. 6d' 
 
 44 Coles in his 4 Art of Simpiing,' 1656, says: — 4 In some 
 places setting up of holly, ivy, rosemary, bayes, yew, &c., in 
 churches at Christmas is still in use/ 
 
 44 Gay in his 4 Trivia ' describes this custom : — 
 
 4 Now with bright holly all the temples strow, 
 With laurel green, and sacred mistletoe.' " 
 
 Sir Henry Ellis in the work from which these 
 Extracts are taken, expresses his opinion that 
 mistletoe 66 was not put up in churches but by 
 mistake or ignorance of the sextons ; for it was the 
 heathenish or profane plant as haying been of such 
 distinction in the Pagan rites of Druidism. ?? But 
 the learned author quotes a passage from Stukeley's 
 " Medallic History of Carausius," which states that 
 
 44 The custom is still preserved in the North, and was lately at 
 York ; on the Eve of Christmas day they carry mistletoe to the 
 high altar of the cathedral." 
 
In other parts of Ellis's edition of Brand's 
 "Popular Antiquities" are references to the 
 
 garniture of churches at other festivals besides 
 that of the Nativity, 
 
 "Palm Sunday. — Newton in ' Herbal for the Bible,' savs 
 speaking of the palm :— < The common people in some countries, 
 used to deck their churches with the boughs and branches 
 thereof, on the Sunday next before Easter-' In the church- 
 wardens' accounts for S. Mary Outwich, London, 1510-11 is the 
 entry: — * First, paid for palme, box, flour es, and cakes, iiijdJ 
 In the accounts for All Hallows, Staining, ' Item for box and 
 palme on Palme Sundays ; item for gennepore for the churche, ijd.' 
 
 The decoration of churches with palms, must 
 
 not be confounded with the ceremony of 6 bearing 
 
 of palms/ 'which were made into crosses, to be set 
 
 in the doors of houses or carried in purses. This 
 
 ceremony appears to have been disused shortly after 
 
 the Reformation, and to have been prohibited. 
 
 44 Easter. — In the church wardens' accounts for S. Mary-at- 
 Ilill, is an entry : — 4 Three great garlands for the crosses, of 
 roses and lavender : three dozen other garlands for the quire, 3s.' 
 In the churchwardens' accounts for S. Martin Outwich, London, 
 1525, 1 Paid for brome ageynst Easter, jdr 
 
 " A writer in the 'Gentleman's Magazine' July, 1783, says: — 
 4 The flowers with which many churches are ornamented on 
 Easter day, are most probably intended as emblems of the 
 Resurrection, having just risen again from the Earth, in which 
 during the severity of Winter they seem to have been buried,' 
 
 44 Whitsunday. — Collinson in his 4 History of Somersetshire,' 
 speaking of the Parish oF Yatton, says: — 4 John Lane of this 
 parish, gent., left half an acre of ground called the 44 Groves " to 
 
6 
 
 the poor for ever, reserving a quantity of grass for strewing the 
 church on Whitsunday? Among the antient annual church 
 disbursements of S. Mary-at-Hill, London, is the following: — 
 ' Garlands, Whitsunday, iijd.' " 
 
 There is a sufficient chain of evidences showing 
 the continuance of the usage during the last 
 century. The writers in the " Gentlemen's Maga- 
 zine/' above cited, speak in the present tense as of 
 a still continuing practice ; but during the latter 
 part of the last century and the earlier part of 
 our own the goodly usage became in a great de- 
 gree obsolete. The same spirit of indifference 
 which suffered the Churchwardens to " beautify" 
 Churches with whitewash and hideous high 
 pews, tolerated an almost complete neglect of 
 a most graceful and appropriate method of 
 marking the different seasons of the Christian 
 year. Most of us can recollect the miserable 
 bits of holly stuck in candlesticks and all sorts 
 of awkward places, which were in our youth 
 considered sufficient decorations for Christmas. 
 Easter adornments were generally unknown, they 
 were used, however, in a few country places ; for 
 antient traditions are apt to linger longest in the 
 more tenacious memories of the rural popu- 
 lation, and old national customs are often ob- 
 served in remote villages long after the 
 vicissitudes of fashion have banished them 
 from the busier haunts of men. 
 
7 
 
 At length there came a revival of the former 
 reverence of God's house, and a protest against 
 the neglect and injuries to which it had been 
 subjected during an age of lifelessness, irreve- 
 rence and scepticism. Among the minor advan- 
 tages of the renewed taste for ecclesiology must 
 be reckoned a return to the antient and thoroughly 
 English practice of decking the sanctuary with 
 fair flowers and pleasant verdure. 
 
 There seems a singular appropriateness in 
 this use of the productions of nature, and the 
 beautiful form and colour of leaves and blos- 
 soms render them the most artistic materials 
 of decoration. It is not enough, however, that 
 they should be employed effectively and with 
 good taste, — it is essential moreover that the 
 taste should be Chttrch-like. Ornaments which 
 would be admirable in a banquet-hall or ball- 
 room might be, and probably would be, utterly 
 out of place in a sacred edifice. Religious art 
 is necessarily more severe and sober than se- 
 cular art, and more restricted to conventional 
 types and established forms. Less strictness 
 is required with respect to merely temporary 
 ornaments such as we are considering, than 
 with respect to permanent works ; but even 
 our garlands and banners must not be divested 
 of the ecclesiastical character. 
 
8 
 
 There is a fundamental difficulty of principle 
 to be considered at the very outset of our 
 subject, before discussing in detail the various 
 devices and ornaments. Their color contrasts 
 strongly with that of the walls of the 
 edifice, and therefore we have to examine 
 in the first place how these lines of dis- 
 tinctive color are to be disposed with reference 
 to the architecture. Until this point is settled 
 we ought not to begin the work of adornment. 
 Shall the green wreaths conform with the con- 
 structive lines of the building, or be disposed 
 independently ? The first and most common 
 idea is to adopt the stonework as a guide, or 
 pattern which is to be obsequiously followed. 
 An ordinary house-decorator has no idea of 
 colouring beyond that of "picking" out the 
 mouldings; and a large proportion of modern 
 architects have not risen above this level of 
 taste. But let us hear what a writer of great 
 eminence — who has thought deeply upon the 
 principles of mediaeval art — has to say upon 
 this point. Mr. Ruskin in his " Seven Lamps 
 of Architecture," (Chap. iv. sect. 36.) observes : — 
 
 4t Our building if it is well composed is one thing, and is 
 to be coloured as Nature would colour one thing, — a shell, a 
 flower, or an animal ; not as she colours groups of things. And 
 the first broad conclusion we shall deduce from observance of 
 
natural colour in such cases, will be that it never follows form, 
 but is arranged on an entirely separate system. What myste- 
 rious connection there may be between the shape of the spots on 
 an animal's skin and its anatomical system, I do not know, nor 
 even if such a connection has in anywise been traced ; but to the 
 eye the systems are entirely separate, and in many cases that of 
 colour is accidentally variable. The stripes of a Zebra do not 
 follow the lines of its body or limbs, still less the spots of a 
 Leopard. In the plumage of birds, each feather bears a part of 
 the pattern, which is arbitrarily carried over the body, having 
 indeed certain graceful harmonies with the form, diminishing or 
 enlarging in directions which sometimes follow, but also not 
 unfrequently oppose, the directions of its muscular lines. 
 Whatever harmonies there may be, are distinctly like those of 
 two separate musical parts— coinciding here and there only — 
 never discordant, but, essentially different. I hold this, then, 
 for the first great principle of architectural colour ; let it by 
 visibly independent of form. Never paint a column with vertical 
 lines, but always cross it. Never give separate mouldings separate 
 colours (I know this is heresy, but I never shrink from any con- 
 clusions, however contraiy to human authority, to which I am 
 led by observance of natural principles) ; and in sculptured orna- 
 ments do not paint the leaves or figures (I cannot help the Elgin 
 frieze) of one colour and their ground of another, but vary both the 
 ground and the figures with the same harmony. Notice how Nature 
 does it in a variegated flower ; not one leaf red and another white, 
 but a point of red and a zone of white, or whatever it may be, to 
 each. In certain places you may run your two systems closer, and 
 here and there let them be parallel for a note or two, but see that 
 the colours and the forms coincide only as two orders of mouldings 
 do ; the same for an instant, but each holding its own course. 
 So single members may sometimes have single colours — as a 
 bird's head is sometimes of one colour and its shoulders 
 another ; but in general, the best places for colour is on broad 
 
10 
 
 surfaces, not on the points of interest in form. An animal is 
 mottled on its breast and back, rarely on its paws or about its 
 eyes ; so put your variegation boldly on tlie fiat wall and broad 
 shaft, but be shy of it in the capital and moulding ; in all cases 
 it is a safe rule to simplify colour when form is rich, and 
 vice veisa ; and I think it would be well in general to carve all 
 capitals and graceful ornaments in white marble, and so leave 
 them." 
 
 In a note to this admirable passage, Mr. Ruskin 
 adds — 
 
 " It should be observed, however, that any pattern which gives 
 opponent lines in its parts, may be arranged in lines parallel with 
 the main structure. Thus rows of diamonds, like spots on a 
 snake's back, or the bones in a sturgeon, are exquisitely applied 
 both to vertical and spiral columns." 
 
 The principles of coloring architecture apply 
 in a great degree to the subject which we 
 are now considering, and therefore if we ac- 
 cept Mr. Raskin's reasoning and authority, 
 it follows that the Church decorator is not 
 compelled to follow with absolute fidelity the 
 architectural lines of the building. It will be 
 observed that Mr. Ruskin himself does not 
 assert that he is never to follow them. Indeed, 
 in some cases the mouldings and other parts 
 of the structure afford the most convenient 
 means of support and suggest the most ob- 
 viously appropriate arrangements of the tem- 
 porary ornaments. The forms and proportions 
 of different Churches vary so much, that it is 
 
II 
 
 impossible to lay down any inflexible rule 
 under this head. But at all events it should 
 be clearly understood that no solecism or viola- 
 tion of the principles of good taste is com- 
 mitted by adopting lines which cross those 
 of the architecture : and that on the contrary 
 a servile imitation and observance of struc- 
 tural arrangements will produce a tame un- 
 satisfactory result . 
 
 A flexible wreath hanging freely suspended 
 from two points assumes by its own weight, 
 the curve which mathematicians call the catenary. 
 It is one of the most beautiful curves in nature, 
 as any one will acknowledge who has observed 
 the graceful droop of the chains of a suspen- 
 sion bridge, or on a smaller scale, of a cord 
 hanging between two points, and not taut. The 
 catenary is capable also of great variety. The 
 droop may be very small compared with the 
 horizontal span, so that the curve is flat and 
 open : or on the other hand it may hang 
 down so as to present the form of a narrow 
 pendent loop. Again a great variety of effects 
 may be produced by using parts only of cate- 
 naries and leaving one end of the curve con- 
 siderably lower than the other. A person who 
 possesses a moderate amount of taste and in- 
 
• 12 
 
 vention can contrive an endless variety of 
 combinations in which pendent wreaths can be 
 applied for the adornment of Churches. A great 
 recommendation cf this method is that it is 
 inexpensively and easily applied. When the 
 wreath (the preparation of which we shall have 
 to describe more particularly hereafter) is ready, 
 all that remains to be done is to hang it over 
 the points of suspension. No framework is 
 needed, and the form naturally assumed is one 
 which art w^ould not improve. 
 
 Perhaps one of the very simplest and most 
 easily constructed kinds of decorations is a 
 horizontal series of plain and equal festoons 
 such as those indicated on design C, plate 7, below 
 the text "Glorv to God in the highest." This 
 may be continued all round the Nave, either 
 above the windows of the aisles, or the interior 
 arches — or both. 
 
 There does not seem to be any objection 
 to carrying the festoons right across a window 
 if their general level is higher than the bot- 
 tom of the window. The contrast of the 
 greenery against the glass is by no means 
 unpleasing. 
 
 Another form of festoons slightly more com- 
 
13 
 
 plicated is that of a double series intersecting 
 each other as in the annexed diagram. 
 
 Another variation of the same idea consists 
 of a double series of festoons one under the 
 other; the summits of the lower series of 
 curves being coincident with the lowest points 
 of the upper series. But in order to avoid 
 distortion of the curves of the higher set, the 
 lower festoons must not be suspended from 
 them, but must have independent points of 
 support. 
 
 Again, the catenary may be effectively cm- 
 ployed for adorning the arcade of the nave by 
 very large festoons hanging across the arches 
 in the position shown by the illustration, plate 7, 
 design D : the form of the wreath will appear to 
 great advantage where it crosses the open space 
 below the arches. An endless variety of similar 
 
devices might be suggested; and some will be 
 found indicated on plates 2, 3, 4, and 6 ; but the 
 varying circumstances and form of each Church 
 will generally render it necessary that the 
 decorator should be guided to a considerable extent 
 by his own powers of invention. 
 
 METHODS OF FOEMING WEEATHS OF 
 EVEEG-EEENS. 
 
 In all churches, whether more or less elabo- 
 rately decorated, wreaths are the staple garniture : 
 therefore a few hints on the various ways in which 
 they may be arranged, and the mode of constructing 
 them will no doubt be acceptable. Lai'ge boughs, 
 to cut which would injure the trees, are not re- 
 quired ; only small pieces, such as the gardeners 
 when trimming would throw away, are wanted, as 
 these only can be used to produce the effect desired. 
 Almost all evergreens are suitable ; but holly, by 
 custom and by its association, should be extensively 
 used at Christmas and all other winter festivals • 
 as the lovely white hawthorn, should be used on 
 May-day, or other Spring-days of public Christian 
 rejoicing. 
 
 The more usual plan is to fasten the ever- 
 greens with twine to a thin rope ; and the most 
 
15 
 
 convenient and expeditious plan to adopt is, before 
 commencing operations, to have the rope of the 
 necessary length, stretched across the room at a 
 convenient height (say rather more than 3 feet 
 from the floor), and to have a quantity of evergreen 
 sprigs assorted in heaps of different kinds, also a 
 supply of small bunches of holly berries, and (if it 
 is intended to use them) of everlasting flowers 
 arranged on a table close at hand. Begin by 
 disposing a few of the sprigs round the rope, and 
 fasten them on with twine ; arrange the next bunch 
 so that the stalks may not be seen, and twist the 
 string around them, tying a knot to prevent its 
 slipping away. Now and then, continue this until 
 the rope is covered, and care should be taken to use 
 as far as possible a variety of tints of green, 
 interspersed with bunches of holly berries and 
 everlastings, so as to keep the thickness of the 
 wreath uniform. 
 
 There is one objection to the use of twine for 
 fastening the evergreens to the rope in the way 
 described above, viz. : — that unless it is frequently 
 looped or tied, as well as wound round the twigs of 
 which the wreath is formed, they are apt to get 
 disarranged in moving and fixing, by the twine 
 slipping. This can be avoided by using either fine 
 iron or copper wire, in lieu of twine ; the wire will 
 
16 
 
 bend with the wreaths, and consequently not allow 
 the evergreens to get misplaced. 
 
 Another plan is to make the wreaths flat 
 instead of round ; the best way of accomplishing 
 this is to use a stout string or whipcord, instead of 
 a rope foundation : to have twigs cut with rather 
 longer stalks than usual, and to fasten them with 
 wire in the way described in the previous paragraph ; 
 but arranging the various pieces spreading out 
 instead of bound close to the string ; when arranged 
 in this wav, care should be taken that the choicest 
 pieces are placed so as to show well on the face of 
 this flat wreath. 
 
 A wreath made in this manner is more pliable, 
 and consequently for some parts of the work, more 
 easily arranged than when so thick a foundation as 
 rope is used ; but it must not be forgotten that 
 massive pillars require much thicker wreaths than 
 those of lighter proportions; and care must be taken 
 that all the leaves, &c. are directed upwards. This 
 is a point that should be constantly kept in mind, 
 as frequent mistakes are made in the matter. 
 
 The following plan of constructing the wreaths 
 will perhaps be found to be more easily worked by 
 ladies than either of the foregoing, and quite as 
 effective. Instead of the wire or cord groundwork 
 procure some green worsted binding, and stretch it 
 
17 
 
 tight across a dining-room or other table, and then 
 sew thereon the twigs, flowers, and berries, arranged 
 in the same way as previously described. This 
 will give a rather broad and flat wreath which will 
 look very well, particularly when used for decora- 
 ting large columns. 
 
 For wreaths to fit into the carved moulding 
 in the manner frequently adopted with a pleasing 
 effect in churches, where there is a row of arches 
 between the nave and aisles, the best ground- 
 work is a thin wooden lath, which if cut to the 
 exact length required, will, when decorated, and 
 put into its position, simply require a fastening at 
 each end, and the natural spring of the wood will 
 keep it in its place. A thin iron rod treated in the 
 same manner can be bent to the required shape, 
 and would answer equally well. In fixing wreaths, 
 and in fact all temporary decorations, it is of the 
 greatest importance to use as few nails or tacks as 
 possible, and where used they should be put in 
 with the greatest care, as it is most unsightly, and 
 reflects discredit on the decorators, when the 
 decorations are taken down, if the stone work, 
 plaster, or brick work is found to be disfigured. 
 For wreaths round the capitals of columns, it is 
 found to be a good plan to use a band of hoop iron 
 with a hole punched in each end, so that it can be 
 fastened by a piece of string or wire to form the 
 groundwork of a wreath ; and a still better plan is to 
 
18 
 
 have the hoop iron above described, fastened in the 
 centre of a band of perforated zinc, about 3 inches 
 wide. This will enable a breadth to be given to 
 the wreath which its position requires. Where 
 there is a projecting moulding on which this band 
 can rest, no other fastening is required, but where 
 this is not the case it is better to have a hole 
 punched in the centre of the hoop iron as well as at 
 the ends, so that it can be fastened on each side by 
 a piece of string, which should be tied round the 
 column. 
 
 In speaking of the construction of wreaths, allu- 
 sion has been made to the use of everlasting flowers. 
 Those who have not seen the effect of sprigs of 
 the ordinary yellow everlasting flowers (gnapha- 
 liums) introduced here and there among the 
 wreaths in the same way as the red holly berries^ 
 will be surprised at the pleasing effect produced. 
 The most convenient plan of introducing these is 
 to take about three sprigs at a time, and cut off the 
 long stalks, and bind them together with a piece of 
 iron wire. If a number of these tiny bunches are 
 thus preparer], the decorator can either put them in 
 as he makes up the wreath, or he can introduce 
 them afterwards in the points where they would be 
 most effective. They could also be added, where 
 desirable, to those wreaths which have already been 
 fixed. 
 
 Several designs, accompanied by full descriptions, 
 
19 
 
 showing the way in which wreaths can be applied 
 to columns, arches, walls, &c., will be found on 
 plates 2, 3, 4, G, and 7. 
 
 Here it is desirable to suggest, that as the wreaths 
 and devices in evergreens take some days in prepa- 
 ration, it will be the best, as they are completed, to 
 lay them on a stone floor, if possible, and occasion- 
 ally to slightly sprinkle them with water; they 
 will then be quite fresh -looking when fixed in their 
 places. 
 
 DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING DEVICES, CROSSES, 
 AND MONOGRAMS WITH EVERGREENS, 
 
 For forming devices, either entirely of ever- 
 greens, or of evergreens with the addition of a few 
 everlasting flowers, perforated zinc is decidedly the 
 best groundwork. The plan to be adopted for 
 fixing them is as follows :< — First procure the ma- 
 terials required, viz , the devices proposed to be 
 decorated, cut out in perforated zinc, and a supply 
 of evergreen leaves, and very small sprays of 
 evergreens, some stout needles, and strong thread 
 of a dark color; that used for sewing carpets 
 would answer very well, or ordinary black thread 
 would do. 
 
 Commence sewing on the leaves and sprays at 
 
20 
 
 the bottom of the device, taking care that the 
 thread fastens the leaf down across one of the 
 veins, and that the stalks are as, far as possible,, 
 covered by other leaves. For devices that are 
 intended to be fixed at a slight elevation, small 
 leaves should be used, and the work should be done 
 as neatly as possible ; but for those that are to be 
 fixed at a considerable height, larger leaves would 
 be equally and in some instances more effective. 
 Devices consisting entirely of evergreens have a 
 somewhat heavy appearance, which is greatly re- 
 lieved by small bunches either of natural or 
 imitation holly berries, or of the yellow or other 
 colored everlasting flowers being introduced in 
 different parts of the design, in the way indicated 
 on some of the illustrations in this book. 
 
 Another way of forming the devices in ever- 
 greens is to have a groundwork of stout iron wire ; 
 which is, of course, less expensive. The leaves 
 could be either tied on with thread, or^ what is 
 better, bound on with the fine wire used by 
 artificial flower makers. The wire groundwork, 
 however, is not so good as the perforated zinc ; as 
 the same breadth is not given to the design, and 
 the leaves cannot be arranged so well, except in the 
 case of very large devices, where the leaves could 
 be attached by the stalks to the wire frame in such 
 a way as to spread out. 
 
 Where devices are fixed against a window, it 
 
21 
 
 will be requisite to stop all light passing through 
 them, as if this is not done, their effeet would be 
 considerably diminished. As good a manner as any 
 of doing this is, after the device is finished, to fasten 
 behind it some waterproofed paper, which can be 
 procured at 2d. per yard, and being coated with 
 the black waterproof preparation, is impervious to 
 light. 
 
 DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING- MONOGRAMS, 
 CROSSES, & DEVICES WITH EVERLASTING 
 FLOWERS AND MOSS. 
 
 For working with the everlasting flowers 
 ( gnaphaliums), most amateurs prefer a ground- 
 work of perforated zinc cut out to the required 
 shape, as the stalks can be put through the holes, 
 and fastened behind either with cotton or by 
 
 pasting or glueing stout brown paper over the 
 back. Another plan is to have the groundwork 
 
 shaped out of a thin piece of wood, which should 
 be either covered with paper, or painted, and on 
 this the flowers, cut from the stalks, are fastened 
 down either with glue, very thick gum, or shoe- 
 makers' paste. 
 
 Supposing the amateur to adopt either of the 
 above plans, he should procure the device selected, 
 cut out to the required size ; and then lay it down 
 
22 
 
 on a piece of plain paper, and with a pencil trace 
 the shape ; then remove the zinc and with water 
 colors try the effect of the various shades it is 
 proposed to use ; for he should always bear in mind 
 that it is not requisite to adhere to one color only 
 with these flower decorations ; thus a star, instead of 
 being all yellow, could have the principal part 
 yellow with a green centre, and a line of red 
 round the outside edge. 
 
 A double triangle could have one triangle 
 yellow, edged with red : and the other white, edged 
 with blue. 
 
 By trying the effect qn paper in the way 
 suggested, the decorator is much more likely to 
 get a satisfactory result, and it will also save time 
 in arranging the flowers, which should be fixed in 
 the way indicated above. 
 
 The gnaphaliums can be procured in the 
 following colors : — 
 
 Yellow 
 Green 
 
 Spotted Yellow 
 
 Crimson 
 
 Lilac 
 
 Pink 
 
 Solferino 
 
 Orange or Light Eed 
 Black 
 
 Spotted Ked 
 
 Blue 
 
 Violet 
 
 Purple 
 
 Magenta 
 
 as well as some others. It should be remembered 
 that they are real flowers dried, not artificial as 
 some people erroneously imagine. 
 
23 
 
 The larger varieties of everlasting flowers ( heli- 
 chrysum ) are grown in several colors, and these 
 are occasionally used in conjunction with the gna- 
 phaliums with very good effect, but are not so 
 suitable used alone. 
 
 The devices when completed could have a 
 border of evergreens surrounding them, and if 
 preferred be placed on a groundwork of moss. 
 
 Letters for texts cut out in perforated zinc, 
 wood, or cardboard, can be treated in the same way 
 as devices. A variety of designs covered with 
 flowers are given on plates 18 and 27, which also 
 give a good idea of the mode of treating them 
 as above described. 
 
 Many of the other designs shewn in this book 
 are available for the same purpose, and it should 
 be borne in mind that the perforated zinc or 
 other groundwork for these devices will be service- 
 able from year to year, and that by varying their 
 position and the arrangement of the flowers all 
 appearance of sameness can be avoided. 
 
 NATURAL FLOWERS. 
 
 Where real flowers are used, arrangements 
 must of course be made for the stalks to be in 
 water, and this can very easily be done by having 
 little zinc tubes which can be soldered in any 
 
24 
 
 position on to an iron frame bent to the required 
 form ; or these zinc tubes which resemble an inverted 
 extinguisher, and are made with a wire hook, can 
 be hung on to any part of the decorations required. 
 
 In some positions, as for instance round the 
 base of the font, the best plan to adopt is to have 
 oblong boxes, either of wood or zinc, to hold the 
 water, and to have floating on it boards perforated 
 with holes ; these can be covered with moss, and 
 the stalks of the flowers passed through the holes 
 to the water. 
 
 A method of arranging natural flowers in the 
 bowl of a font is described under the head of 
 4 < Fonts/ 7 
 
 TEXTS. 
 
 The 82nd Canon of 1603, among other direc- 
 tions, requires that there be " chosen sentences 
 written upon the walls of the said churches in 
 places convenient." 
 
 Appropriate texts and legends are among the 
 most effective of festival decorations. Some caution 
 seems necessary as to the principle on which the 
 selection should be made. Of course the words should 
 be brief and should have reference to the season. 
 But besides this, it must be always remembered that 
 they are utterances by the Church, and not Divine 
 
25 
 
 precepts and commands addressed to her. This 
 distinction is not unfrequently overlooked. The 
 letters are to be formed and put together by human 
 hands, hence they may appropriately contain 
 ascriptions of praise, or words supposed to be 
 the language of the congregation ; but there is 
 something very inappropriate in the choice of 
 words in which the Church appears not as 
 speaker but as hearer. For example: — In connec- 
 tion with the Holy Communion, the words "Do 
 this in remembrance of me," are often selected. 
 When it is considered that these solemn words are 
 to be fashioned out of perishable materials by human 
 skill, there appears a singular infelicity, and almost a 
 lack of reverence, in such a use of the sacred text. 
 The oldest and best examples of legends and 
 inscriptions in churches do not involve this mistake. 
 They are for the most part single and simple 
 phrases, such as the thrice repeated " Sanctus. 
 Sanctus. Sanctus" and other words meet to ex- 
 press faith, adoration, thanksgiving, or triumph. 
 
 DIRECTIONS FOR EMBLAZONING TEXTS. 
 
 There are various modes of forming texts for 
 temporary decorations. 
 
 The plan usually adopted by amateurs as the 
 simplest, is to cut the letters out in colored paper, 
 and gum or paste them on a groundwork of plain 
 or different colored paper. 
 
26 
 
 In order to form the letters correctly it is best 
 to procure an alphabet cut out in cardboard to the 
 required size ; and by laying the letters down on the 
 paper and running a line round them, the proper 
 shape will be obtained, when they can be cut out 
 with either a knife or a pair of scissors 
 
 When this has been done, the letters require to 
 be fixed on the groundwork that has been pre- 
 pared for them. 
 
 In order that texts prepared in long lengths 
 may look well, it is absolutely essential that all the 
 letters should be upright and properly spaced out ; 
 and in order to ensure this the material on which 
 the letters are to be fixed should be arranged on a 
 long bench or table — a dining room table fully 
 extended answers well ; or where the work is done 
 in the school room, the school desks would be 
 available for the purpose. 
 
 The letters should all be laid out in their pro- 
 per places before any of them are fastened down. 
 It is a good plan to rule a few pencil lines at the 
 top and bottom of the letters, and in fixing them, 
 to ensure their being upright, either to use a f 
 or set square, or what will answer as well, a square 
 piece of card board laid on the pencil line, so that 
 its edge will give a right angle. The necessity of 
 keeping the letters both upright and equidistant must 
 be strongly urged. It frequently occurs that decora- 
 
27 
 
 tions, which have evidently cost much time and atten- 
 tion, are completely spoiled by want of regularity. 
 
 After the letters have been fixed on the 
 groundwork, they should be surrounded by a 
 border ; this may be made either of evergreens, with 
 everlasting flowers introduced in the manner 
 described on another page, or the text could be 
 first surrounded with a border cut out of colored 
 papers, in one of the ways described below, and 
 then may have an outer border of evergreens, &c., 
 beyond the colored one. 
 
 To make the simplest border a narrow slip of 
 paper, of a color different from those used for 
 the text, should be put round the lettering, 
 with a cross, quatrefoil, or other ornament in each 
 of the four corners. Thus supposing the ground- 
 work of the text to be plain white paper, the letters 
 should be black with red, capitals, and the border 
 might be blue with the corners red. 
 
 If a more effective border than that produced 
 by the simple line and corner is required, a zig-zag 
 border may be cut out in one color with a line of 
 a different color on each side of it ; and on this 
 principle many other borders can be prepared. 
 
 Where paper texts as above described are not 
 considered sufficiently rich in appearance the follow- 
 ing more elaborate plan is suggested. 
 
28 
 
 Procure some white glazed buckram calico and 
 cut it to the required size (if fastened on a board so 
 much the better,) then take pieces of colored cloth 
 or what is better cotton velvet, of the color pre- 
 ferred, and cut the letters and borders from them 
 in the same manner as directed for paper texts, 
 then paste or glue them to the calico or other 
 groundwork, surrounding the whole with borders 
 prepared in the manner indicated above. The em- 
 broidery paste, a receipt for which is given on page 35, 
 is the best material to use for the purpose. 
 
 The ingenuity of the decorator will doubtless 
 suggest various other materials both for the ground- 
 work and the letters and borders. 
 
 Very effective texts may be prepared by cover- 
 ing a board with green leaves, and then forming 
 letters upon them in white cotton wool ; great care 
 however must be taken, if this plan be adopted, to 
 get the letters quite even, as owing to the nature of 
 the materials it is somewhat difficult. 
 
 Another way is to prepare the board with 
 evergreens as above described, and form the text 
 with paper roses or camellias, which can be procured 
 in both red and white, so that the principal letters 
 might be red with the remainder white, in the 
 same manner that red and black is used in 
 illuminating decorations in oil colors. But the 
 
29 
 
 propriety of using artificial flowers in churches is 
 somewhat doubtful. 
 
 A plan frequently adopted is to cover card- 
 board letters with evergreens and fasten them to 
 the wall separately ; but the objection to this plan 
 is that there is a great risk of defacing the stone 
 work or plaster by the number of tacks or nails 
 that would have to be used in fixing. The better 
 plan is to use a board that has been covered with 
 white paper, and then, when the letters have been 
 put on, to surround the whole with a narrow border 
 consisting of small sprigs of box or other evergreens, 
 of which the leaves are quite small. The advantage 
 obtained by this plan is, that the board can then be 
 suspended in the required position upon two nails, 
 which, besides avoiding the risk of injury to the 
 walls above alluded to, also saves a great deal of 
 time and trouble in fixing. 
 
 The various methods above described for making 
 texts are all applications of the principle of cutting 
 out one material and laying it on another ; but where 
 the decorators call in the aid of painting, a much 
 larger field is open to them, as that art admits of a 
 much greater variety of treatment both as regards 
 design and colors. 
 
 For amateurs who have not had much pre- 
 vious experience in illuminated decorations, it is 
 best to procure pots of colors already prepared for 
 
30 
 
 use, which can be thinned with a little turpentine 
 if found to be too thick. 
 
 The best groundwork for these decorations is 
 " prepared cloth," a material which is painted and 
 prepared for decoration in the same way as canvas 
 for oil painting. 
 
 Decorations done on prepared cloth, if carefully 
 rolled round wooden rollers before they are put 
 away, will last for years. 
 
 When a cheaper material is required, white 
 glazed buckram calico can be used, the process of 
 painting being the same as on the prepared cloth. 
 
 For long texts, unless the decorators have 
 plenty of time, it would be advisable to procure 
 the prepared cloth and calico with the borders 
 already stencilled, as the lengths are sold at very 
 moderate prices. 
 
 When the material on which the text is to be 
 written has been extended on a board or table, and 
 the text has been spaced out, so as to obtain the 
 proper distances between each word, the cardboard 
 letter previously described should be laid upon it 
 and marked out with a black lead pencil, care being 
 taken to get a clear and distinct outline and to keep 
 the letters regular. 
 
 This being done, the next process is to fill in 
 all the letters with their proper colors, using a camel 
 
31 
 
 hair, or sable, brush, and putting only enough paint 
 to cover the groundwork. When red capitals are 
 introduced, their appearance is very much improved 
 by running a line of black round each. Should 
 any of the letters or ornament be required to be gilt, 
 the leaf gold is the best to be used and the most 
 durable. It is sold in books, and in order to apply it 
 properly, a gilder's cushion, knife, and brush are 
 required as well as gold size. The gold size should 
 be laid on the parts to be gilt and when it is part- 
 ially dry, but still " stickey," lay out a leaf of gold 
 on the cushion and cut it with the knife to the 
 required size ; this should be taken up with the 
 gilder's brush and applied, care being taken that the 
 parts are well covered with the leaf ; then rub them 
 gently over with a piece of cotton wool to remove 
 all superfluous gold. An outline of black or red 
 round the gold greatly improves the appearance of 
 the gilded letters or ornament. 
 
 If the texts are not intended to be kept from 
 year to year, and gold leaf is considered either too 
 expensive or too troublesome to be used, bronze 
 powder can be substituted. The work should be 
 prepared with gold size in the way before described, 
 and the powder, which will only adhere to the 
 parts sized, may then be dusted on. 
 
 Where gold leaf is used, a nice effect is pro- 
 duced by having a shaped patch at the commence- 
 
32 
 
 ment of the text on which to place its initial letter, 
 and the introduction of some fine lines of ornament 
 in the style adopted in the old illuminated missals 
 will still further enrich it. 
 
 A new material for decoration has lately been 
 introduced called crystal frost. This is made of 
 crystal glass, which in its molten state possesses 
 great ductility. When in this state it is blown into 
 exceedingly thin globules, which immediately burst 
 and produce the frost. 
 
 It is used in a variety of decorations, and will 
 adhere, without any preparation, to silk, paper, &c. 
 The best way of applying it, however, is to use a 
 little clear liquid gum. 
 
 Letters or devices cut in cardboard or paper 
 and covered with the crystal frost, if placed on a 
 dark colored groundwork of either cotton velvet, 
 cloth, or calico, are very brilliant. 
 
 Letters formed of everlasting flowers can be 
 made so as to produce a most beautiful effect, as the 
 number of colors available give the decorator the 
 opportunity of arranging them in a variety of ways, 
 and several colors can be introduced in each letter. 
 Thus in a text formed of six inch letters, the 
 majority of them may be formed of the yellow 
 flowers with a line of red running round each ; and 
 the principal letters can be formed of white, out- 
 
lined with blue, or if larger letters are used, three 
 or more colors could be introduced into each. 
 
 Pattern alphabets for texts are given on plates 
 10 and 11, and designs for texts on plates 21, 22, 
 23, and 26, and a list of texts suitable for the 
 various festivals on pages 50 to 55. 
 
 ILLUMINATED MONOGRAMS, CROSSES, 
 AND DEVICES. 
 
 These can be prepared in oil colors, on card- 
 board, calico, or prepared cloth. The device should 
 either be procured of a professional decorator, set 
 out ready for illumination, or a full-sized drawing 
 should be made of it, and then traced upon the 
 substance to be illuminated. The best wav of 
 tracing it is to prick holes all round the outline, 
 and then lay it down on the prepared cloth or other 
 material, and with a little whitening, tied up in a 
 piece of muslin, dust it over. On removing the 
 drawing it will be found that the whitening, 
 which has passed through the pin holes, will show 
 the outline which will enable the decorator to 
 sketch the device easily with a blacklead pencil. 
 When this has been done, the colors and gold 
 should be filled in in the same manner as des- 
 cribed on page 30 for illuminating texts. Mos 
 
34 
 
 monograms and devices look best when surrounded 
 by a wreath, composed either of evergreens or of 
 everlasting flowers, or of the two combined. 
 
 An easy way of preparing effective devices 
 with an illuminated centre and a flower and ever- 
 green border, is to procure the device cut out in 
 perforated zinc, and fix the illumination painted on 
 prepared cloth in the centre, and then surround it 
 with the flowers in the way described on page 20. 
 
 A. simple and effective way of forming devices 
 is to sketch out with a black lead pencil on either 
 prepared calico or cardboard, the outline of the 
 monograms, crosses, or other ornaments selected, 
 and then fill them in with a rich deep crimson 
 in oil color. This on the white ground, surrounded 
 with a wreath of evergreens interspersed with ever- 
 lasting flowers and berries, will be found to have 
 a very pleasing appearance. 
 
 A great variety of designs for illuminated 
 monograms, crosses and devices are shewn on 
 plates 14 to 17. and 24 to 26. 
 
 MONOGRAMS, CBOSSES AND DEVICES IN 
 APPLIQUE WOEE. 
 
 Appliqu6 — of which we have no thoroughly 
 English synonyme — is used to express the art of 
 
35 
 
 laying one material upon another to form a pattern, 
 figure, or any other work that may be desired. 
 
 It will thus be seen that " applique work " 
 opens a large field for the display of taste and 
 ingenuity by the amateur decorator, more especially 
 by the lady decorators, as it embraces work by 
 almost every conceivable material, from colored 
 paper to the richest silk, velvet, or even cloth 
 of gold. As Mulready, when asked the secret 
 of his great success in coloring his pictures, said, 
 " Know what you have to do," so we say the 
 great object of the amateur decorator should be 
 to secure unity, i.e., to make out of many things 
 one perfect whole : And the first thing is to have 
 the required device set out in full size ready for 
 working, and to decide upon the materials and 
 colors of the various parts. 
 
 To enable such of our readers as would wish 
 to apply themselves to this applique work, to 
 prepare the materials selected for the purpose, we 
 cannot do better than give the following extract 
 from u Church Embroider}'/' by Mrs. Dolby : — 
 
 "TO PREPARE VELVET, CLOTH, AND CLOTHS OF GOLD 
 AND SILVER FOR APPLIQUE. 
 
 " Strain a piece of rather thin holland of about Is. per 
 yard - not Union — tightly in a frame, and cover it all over 
 with ' Embroidery Paste,' carefully removing even the most 
 minute lump from the surface. Upon this pasted holland, while 
 
36 
 
 wet. lay the piece of velvet or other material of which the 
 applique is to be, smoothing it over the holland with a 
 soft handkerchief, to secure its even adhesion everywhere. 
 If there be a necessity for drying quickly, place the frame 
 upright at a distance of four feet from the fire — holland side 
 to the stove. But it is always best, if possible to prepare 
 the material the day before using, that it may dry naturally ; 
 the action of the fire being likely to injure some fabrics, as 
 well as colors. The velvet when perfectly dry will be found 
 tenaciously fixed to the holland, and may be removed from 
 the frame. 
 
 " Now the entire design, or that portion of it intended to 
 be formed of this material, is to be pounced through its 
 pricked pattern on the holland side of the velvet, and traced 
 correctly with a soft black lead pencil ; then cut out with 
 sharp strong nail scissors, and it will be ready for applying 
 to the article it is designed to ornament.' ' 
 
 The embroidery paste alluded to is made in 
 the following manner : — Take three table-spoonfuls 
 of flour, and as much powdered resin as will lie 
 on a shilling ; mix them smoothly with half a 
 pint of water, pour into an iron saucepan and 
 stir till it boils. Let it boil five minutes ; then 
 turn it into a basin, and when quite cold it is 
 fit for use. 
 
 If the device is intended to be worked upon 
 velvet, cloth, or other material, the groundwork, 
 should be stretched upon a frame, and the orna- 
 ments, prepared in the way described, tacked 
 thereon in their proper positions. This of course 
 
37 
 
 requires great care so that the ornaments or letters 
 may be all straight and symmetrical : as one false 
 note spoils the melody of a song, so one ornament or 
 letter not properly in harmony with the others 
 will spoil the effect of decoration. All the orna- 
 ments having been tacked on nnd ascertained to 
 be in their proper places, they should be sewn on and 
 edged with an outline of black cord ; or if the 
 ornaments should be of a dark color, with tracing 
 braid, either white, goid color, or crimson and gold, 
 as will best contrast with the work. 
 
 If however the device is formed of colored 
 paper, all that it is necessary to do is to cut out 
 the various parts or pieces in the desired tints, 
 and paste them on the groundwork. 
 
 In all cases run a black line round the ornament, 
 as it greatly improves the appearance of the device 
 when placed in its position. 
 
 Much labour is almost thrown away in forming 
 devices or texts, &c, in colored paper, as they 
 have always a very meagre appearance ; and the 
 same time devoted to them on painted or prepared 
 cloth would produce w r ork of a much more satis- 
 factory character, and shew a more advantageous 
 return for the labour expended. 
 
ILLUMINATED BANNERS. 
 
 Banners can be illuminated on calico, prepared 
 cloth, or silk. The best plan for amateurs, who 
 have not much experience in illuminating, is to 
 procure the materials with the ornaments set out 
 ready for illumination from a professional decorator, 
 and then proceed to fill in the colors in the same way 
 as described for illuminating texts. If the ornament 
 is not set out ready for illumination, a full sized 
 drawing of the banner should first be made, and 
 from it the outline traced on the material, which 
 will then be in the same state of forwardness as if 
 supplied by the professional decorator* 
 
 Care should be taken in arranging the ornament 
 on banners, to leave room for the hem at the top, 
 which should be made sufficiently large for the 
 cross pole to pass through. The cross pole should 
 be a rod from i to £ of an inch in diameter, with 
 either a terminal at each end of turned wood, 
 painted and gilt, or of metal, either iron or brass. 
 A cord to suspend the banner should be of the 
 two principal colors used for the banner. 
 
 Banners have a very pleasing appearance when 
 hung on the walls between the windows in the 
 nave or chancel as suggested in the design on 
 plate 7 ; and also when there are columns and arches 
 between the nave and the aisles they look very well 
 
39 
 
 if hung upon the spaces between the arches. A 
 large loop or knot of evergreens can be fixed at 
 the point from which the cord of the banner is sus- 
 pended, or a wreath of evergreens can be hung in a 
 festoon at the top and sides of the banner. 
 
 Designs for illuminated banners are given on 
 plates 19 and 20, Nos. 310 to 334. 
 
 WORKED BANNERS. 
 
 These can be made in various ways ; those e m 
 broidered by hand, when well designed, and executed 
 by one skilled in Church needlework, are of course 
 the most beautiful, as the variety both of materials 
 and designs at command is almost unlimited. The 
 handsomest are those embroidered on silk, whilst 
 cloth, bunting, or other material is available for 
 less expensive decorations. 
 
 For temporary purposes, however, it is not 
 often thought desirable to spend so much time or 
 money on the banners as embroidery usually in- 
 volves, so that where worked banners are adopted, 
 they are more frequently made in applique work, the 
 process of preparing which has already been fully 
 described on page 35 ; thus, supposing it is proposed 
 to make a crimson banner with a white cross 
 or monogram surrounded with four gold stars, 
 
40 
 
 and having a short text such as "Alleluia/' the 
 ground work could be of crimson cloth, the 
 cross or monogram of gold colored cotton velvety 
 and the text of white cotton velvet ; and when the 
 ornament is fixed on the groundwork it may be 
 edged with black or colored cord, or tracing braid 
 as previously suggested ; and the material then 
 taken out of the frame, cut to the shape decided 
 upon and made up with a hem at the top for the 
 cross pole to pass through, and an edging of cord 
 or fringe. 
 
 Two designs for applique banners are given on 
 plate 18, Nos. 297 and 298, and many of the 
 designs on plates 19 and 20 are equally applicable 
 to be worked in the same manner. 
 
 REREDOS AND WALL DIAPERS. 
 
 The east end of the church should, of course, be 
 the part chiefly decorated. Where there is a rere- 
 dos, its design will determine the mode in which 
 decoration should be applied. 
 
 Taking the general type of reredos, viz., one of 
 either wood or stone, with panels divided by 
 columns, it would be a good plan to carry a massive 
 wreath of evergreens, with or without flowers, right 
 across the string course, and to run smaller wreaths 
 
41 
 
 round the mouldings. The panels could then be 
 filled with a groundwork of evergreens, and have a 
 device worked in everlasting flowers in the centre 
 of each. If the string course be continued 
 to the north and south walls of the chancel, the 
 space below it on each side of the altar table could 
 be filled in with a wall diaper, constructed in the 
 manner described below. 
 
 The foregoing plan is arranged upon the system 
 more generally adopted of following the architectu- 
 ral lines ; but the preferable course is to act on the 
 reverse principle, viz , to hang the wreaths of foliage 
 in festoons from point to point, in the way described 
 at the commencement of this book, and illustrated 
 m the photographic view of an interior, on plate 2. 
 or in the other designs on plates 4 and 6. 
 
 By adopting this plan, the architectural 
 mouldings are not nearly so much hidden as in the 
 former one. 
 
 Where there is no reredos (or only a very plain 
 one, which it would not be objectionable to hide) a 
 very pleasing effect can be obtained by constructing 
 a temporary structure in the place of a reredos. 
 This can be done much more easily than will at 
 first be imagined, and a great variety of designs 
 can be arranged with very simple and inexpensive 
 materials. But care must be taken to avoid an 
 infraction of the fundamental canon of church 
 
42 
 
 decoration — regard for truthfulness — and to give 
 the suggested structure the distinct character of 
 temporary ornament. All mere mimicry of per- 
 manent work ought to be scrupulously shunned. 
 
 The framework for simple designs can be made 
 entirely of laths and stout wire ; but for more ela- 
 borate patterns the framework is best made of thin 
 round iron rods, and the devices either of iron 
 wire or perforated zinc. A variety of simple things 
 in ordinary use will suggest themselves to the mind 
 of the intelligent decorator, such as using children's 
 hoops of various sizes to form circles. 
 
 If the top of the leafy reredos is surmounted by 
 a canopy, or if it consists of a series of canopy- 
 shaped arches, these can be very easily crocketted 
 by mounting two or three sprays on wire, and then 
 the crockets so formed can be fixed by twisting the 
 end of the wire round the arches at regular inter- 
 vals. A design for a very effective temporary 
 reredos is given on pl^te 8, and a full description 
 accompanies it. 
 
 Wall diapers for chancels, formed of evergreens 
 and flowers, have a very pleasing effect against the 
 east end of the chancel, either on the north and 
 south sides of the altar table, with a temporary 
 reredos, formed in the way described above, over 
 it, or else covering the whole of the east wall to 
 any height that may be convenient* 
 
48 
 
 Diapers can be made either entirely of stout iron 
 wire, or a combination of wooden laths, or strips of 
 perforated zinc and wire. An infinite variety of 
 designs can be arranged in this manner, from the 
 simple lattice to the most elaborate set patterns, 
 filled with emblems and devices. Several designs 
 for such diapers are given on plates 5 and 8. 
 
 Those of a simple character look very well if 
 laid on a groundwork of the white buckram calico. 
 For others, more elaborate, colored long cloth of 
 various colors can be used, either with or without 
 the white, to vary the background according to the 
 requirements of the design. 
 
 For diapers of an elaborate character the whole 
 of the groundwork could be cut out of sheets of 
 perforated zinc, and on this material they can be 
 more readily worked and more easily fixed. Effec- 
 tive wall diapers can also be made by having the 
 simple lattice pattern very open, covering it with 
 evergreens, and illuminating, in oil colors or gold, 
 small ornamental crosses and other devices on 
 the white calico groundwork. 
 
 Designs for wall diapers are given on plates 3, 
 4, 5, and 7. 
 
44 
 
 WINDOW SILLS 
 
 Can be very effectively decorated by procuring 
 a board about an inch thick, cut to the shape of 
 the sloping sill, and having it perforated with 
 holes all over about 2 inches apart, and sticking 
 sprigs of evergreens into these holes, covering 
 the board with moss. Another plan which was 
 adopted in a church near London, last year, was 
 to fit boards into all the window sills and cover 
 them with moss or leaves, and form a text in 
 everlasting flowers to run all round the Church. 
 In the instance alluded to, the text, which was 
 worked in white everlastings, was, — 
 
 " His Name shall be called Wonderful, Councillor, the 
 Mighty God, the Everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace," 
 
 and the effect was very satisfactory. 
 
 Texts on the same plan can of course be 
 formed in various ways, or, if it is preferred, a 
 device instead of a text may be placed in the 
 centre of each window sill on the groundwork 
 of leaves or moss. 
 
 Texts could also be illuminated in colors on 
 calico, and surrounded with wreaths of evergreens. 
 
 Here it is desirable to remark that wherever 
 damp moss or any other material likely to leave 
 
45 
 
 a stain on the stonework is used, it will be requisite 
 to put waterproof paper, or something of a like 
 nature underneath it. 
 
 SOBEENS. 
 
 Where there are one or more screens, either 
 of wood or metal work in a church, they present 
 an opportunity for very telling decorations. Sup- 
 posing the screen to be a large one, with columns 
 supporting tracery panels and a cornice above, 
 the most obvious way of decorating it will be to 
 twist very slight wreaths round the columns, to 
 run wreaths of evergreens, either with or without 
 a text between them, along the cornice, and to 
 introduce in the panels, monograms, crosses, and 
 devices, either formed of berries and leaves, ever- 
 lasting flowers, or painted in oil colors on a 
 groundwork of calico, prepared cloth, or other 
 material. 
 
 The suggestion given under the head of 
 " Reredosses " on the subject of hanging wreaths in 
 festoons will equally apply to screens. 
 
 The Rev. E L. Cutts in his work on " Christinas 
 Decoration," speaking of screens, says. — 
 
46 
 
 " The architectural effect of many churches would be very 
 much improved by the restoration of a screen to the chancel arch. 
 The Christmas decorations afford an opportunity to try the 
 experiment by the erection of a temporary screen, which may 
 easily be formed of a few splines, hoops, and pieces of wire 
 covered with evergreens. 
 
 " The effect of a side screen to hide the organ, or of a 
 screen to the tower arch to keep off the draft, where the tower 
 is used as an entrance to the church may be similarly tried in 
 this temporary work." 
 
 Where it is considered desirable to adopt this 
 suggestion, the design given on plate 6 for a reredos 
 will, with slight modifications be adapted for a 
 temporary screen. 
 
 The designs given on plates 3, 4, 5, and 7 for wall 
 diapers could be adopted for the lower part of such 
 screens, the upper part being formed of thin iron 
 rods bent into architectural forms. 
 
 It is, however, a matter for consideration 
 whether it is wise to erect a temporary screen ; for, 
 apart from the argument which some might urge, 
 that a screen constructed in the way described is 
 " a sham," there is the weighty objection, especially 
 in the case of one across the chancel arch, that 
 unless very light and open, it may shut out the 
 view of the principal decorations. 
 
 Here again the special features of the building 
 
47 
 
 to be decorated must be taken into consideration, 
 in order to determine whether it is desirable to 
 have a temporary screen. 
 
 PULPIT AND READING- DESK. 
 
 The pulpit and reading desk, being conspi- 
 cuous objects, require special care and attention, 
 and being near the congregration, and on the line 
 of sight, whatever decorative work is applied to 
 them should be executed in the best possible 
 manner. 
 
 Here, as in almost all other parts, the ever- 
 green wreaths should play an important part ; 
 they may run round the cornice, plinth, and 
 surbase moulding; then very light and delicate 
 ones might surround the panels, and if the pulpit 
 is supported on columns, these also may be 
 wreathed in the same way as the larger columns 
 in other parts of the <?hurch. 
 
 The panels of the pulpit offer to the amateur 
 a fine opportunity for displaying good taste in 
 decoration. Numerous devices suitable for the 
 purpose can be selected from the illustrations in 
 this book, and they should of course be worked in 
 a smaller size, and with more choice materials 
 
48 
 
 than for the wall devices. Nothing tells better 
 for the decoration of pulpit panels than devices 
 worked in everlasting flowers of various colors; 
 and if the groundwork of the panels is covered 
 with cloth or velvet before the devices are laid on, 
 the appearance would be greatly heightened. A 
 very effective design for decorating a pulpit with 
 festoons is given on the photographic picture of 
 internal fittings on plate 9. 
 
 FONT. 
 
 The festival of Christmas is one at which it 
 would seem to be peculiarly appropriate to give 
 the font special care ; all decorations therefore that 
 are attempted for it should be made as effective as 
 possible, and of the choicest materials. 
 
 An idea that has been frequently adopted of 
 late, and which has a beautiful and appropriate 
 appearance, is to form a cross of white lilies, ar- 
 ranged in such a manner as to float in the bowl of 
 the font. A circular board of the right size, floats 
 on the top of the bowl, perforated with holes, 
 through which the flowers can be passed to form 
 the cross, the remainder of the space being filled 
 in with moss. But unless the font is lined with 
 some impervious material, there is danger of injur- 
 
49 
 
 ing it by this treatment. A far preferable me- 
 thod is to fit. into the font a moveable zinc basin, or 
 a zinc trough in the shape of a cross, either of 
 which permits frequent renewal of the water with- 
 out disturbance to the decorations, and affords an 
 opportunity of placing dry French moss round the 
 rim. The perforated wood on which the flowers 
 are arranged will, if this method be adopted, float 
 within the interior basin or trough. 
 
 An iron framework, to form a temporary 
 upright cover, four or six feet high, to a font, can 
 be procured at a very moderate price, and this 
 forms an excellent groundwork for a leafy decora- 
 tion ; or a simple frame for the same purpose can 
 be constructed of laths and wire. 
 
 The design given on plate 9 shows a method 
 of attaching a light iron framework to a permanent 
 upright font cover, from which depend light 
 sprayey wreaths of foliage, which should be ar- 
 ranged with great care, and of the rarest and best 
 sorts of evergreens available. 
 
 Where the panels of the font are plain, or 
 there is no objection to their being covered up, 
 devices, either in illumination, applique work, or 
 everlasting flowers, can be fitted in each. A variety 
 of suitable designs will be found on plates 12, 13, 
 18, and 27. 
 
50 
 
 Many fonts are very handsome in themselves 
 with rich carving and inlaid work ; where this is 
 the case, the temporary decoration should be applied 
 so as to heighten their beauties, and not by any 
 means to hide them But where the font is plain 
 in itself, there is no objection to its being much 
 more profusely covered with decorations. 
 
 A massive wreath of evergreens can be laid 
 round the base of the font, and from this could 
 spring, where the design admits of it, wreaths of 
 foliage and flowers, twining round the stem in any 
 of the ways indicated in the designs for columns, 
 marked D on plate 7. If the font is raised on one 
 or more steps, these should be covered with water- 
 proof paper to prevent discoloration, and then moss 
 should be laid on them, which could either be left 
 plain or enriched with texts or other devices formed 
 in everlasting flowers, &c. 
 
 LECTERNS. 
 
 The lectern should not be neglected by the 
 decorator, as from the central position in which it 
 is placed, it is in full view of the whole congre- 
 gation. 
 
 The base and stem may be wreathed with 
 evergreens and flowers, in any manner that its con- 
 
51 
 
 struction suggests ; and if the lectern has a single 
 bookboard, a device worked in everlastings may be 
 introduced in the front part of the top; or, with 
 a very pleasing effect, a small banner, bearing 
 an appropriate device or text, may be suspended 
 from the top edge of the lectern ; if the device 
 is placed sufficiently low down, the banner may 
 cover the book board, and hang over the front of it. 
 Should the lectern be a very plain one, it could be 
 enriched by introducing spandrils or other orna- 
 mentation, formed of stout iron wire, at the base 
 and underneath the book board, as a foundation for 
 further decoration, or a decorated framework of 
 wire could be added in the way indicated on 
 plate 9. 
 
 C0K0N5! AND STAND AEDS. 
 
 These form good groundwork for effective 
 decoration. For the former, a perforated zinc 
 crown for the top, decorated with everlastings and 
 berries, with wreaths formed of evergreens, hanging 
 from it to the band of the coronas is recommended. 
 
 Evergreen chains may a 1 so be carried round 
 , the band, and at intervals, shields cut out of 
 cardboard and decorated with the sacred mono- 
 gram or some emblem, would have a good effect. 
 
52 
 
 The gas standards can be treated entirely with 
 wreaths of evergreens and everlastings, and the 
 most effective mode of applying them is obvious 
 viz : to run them spirally up the stem, and 
 hang them in festoons across the branches. 
 
 Where the church is lighted by wall brackets, 
 they can be wreathed with foliage, and a small 
 device or banner suspended from each. 
 
 Designs showing a novel way of applying 
 the wreaths to coronse and standards are shewn on 
 plate 9. 
 
 It is hardly necessary to say that any decora- 
 tions attached to the lighting arrangements of 
 a building should be fixed in such a way as to be 
 free from risk of catching fire, or being blackened 
 by smoke. 
 
 TEXTS FOR ADVENT. 
 
 " He cometh to judge the Earth." Ps. xevi., 13. 
 " Behold, a King shall reign." Isa. xxxii., 1. 
 " Prepare ye the way of the Lord." Isa. xl., 3. 
 " Behold, thy King cometh unto thee." Zech. ix., 9. 
 " Hosanna to the son of David." S. Matt, xxi., 9. 
 " Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord." S. Matt 
 xi., 9. 
 
 " Watch and Pray." S. Matt xxvi., 41. 
 
 " The night is far spent, the day is at hand." Bom, xiii., 12. 
 
53 
 
 «f The Lord is at hand." Phil, iv., 5. 
 
 " Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see 
 
 Him." Rev. i., 7. 
 " Come, Lord Jesus." Rev. xxii., 20. 
 
 " He shall come again in His glorious majesty, to judge both 
 the quick and the dead." Collect for Advent. 
 
 TEXTS FOR CHRISTMAS, 
 
 " There shall come a star out of Jacob, and a Sceptre shall rise 
 
 out of Israel." Numb, xxiv., 17. 
 " The right hand of the Lord bringeth mighty things to pass." 
 
 Ps. cxviii., 15. 
 
 u The people that walked in darkness have seen a great Light." 
 Isa. ix., 2. 
 
 "Unto us a Child is born, unto us a Son is given." Isa. ix., 6. 
 " His name shall be called Wonderful, Councillor, the Mighty 
 
 God, the Everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace." Isa. 
 
 ix., 6. 
 
 " There shall come forth a Eod out of the stem of Jesse, and a 
 Branch shall grow out of his Boots." Isa. xi., 1. 
 
 " The Lord, Our Righteousness." Jer. xxiii., 5. 
 
 " The Desire of all nations shall come." Haggai ii., 7. 
 
 " Behold, thy King cometh." Zech. ix., 9. 
 
 " The sun of Eighteousness shall arise with healing in His 
 Wings." Mai. iv., 2. 
 
 " Thou shalt call His name Jesus." S Matt, i., 21. 
 
 " Emmanuel ! God with us." S. Matt, i., 23. 
 
 " Hosanna to the son of David ! " S. Matt, xxi., 9. 
 
 " Hosanna to the highest ! " Ibid. 
 
 " The day-spring from on high hath visited us." S. Luke i., 78. 
 u Behold I bring you glad tidings of great joy." S.LubeiL, 10. 
 "Unto you is born this day a Saviour, which is Christ the 
 Lord." S. Luke, ii,, VL 
 
54 
 
 " Glory to God in the highest, on Earth peace, goodwill 
 
 towards men." S. Luke ii., 14. 
 "A light to lighten the Gentiles." S. Luke, ii. 32, 
 "The Word was made flesh and dweltamong us." S. John 
 
 u, 14. 
 
 " He came not to do His own will, but the will of Him that 
 
 sent Him." S. John vi., 38. 
 " God sent forth his Son." Gal. iv., 4. 
 " God manifest in the Flesh." 1 Tim. iii., 16. 
 " We loved Him because He first loved us." 1 John iv., 19. 
 " Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God Almighty." Rev. iv., 8. 
 " Alleluia ! Alleluia ! Alleluia ! " Rev. xix., 1, 3 and 4. 
 u Now is come Salvation and Strength." Rev. xii., 10. 
 " The Eoot and offspring of David and the bright and Morning 
 
 Star." Rev. xxii., 16. 
 " God of God, Light of Light, Very God of Very God." Nicene 
 
 Creed. 
 
 " God and Man is one Christ." Creed of S. Athanasius. 
 u Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus." Te Deum. 
 " Holy, Holy, Holy." Te Deum. 
 
 " Thou art the everlasting Son of the Father." Te Deum. 
 
 « Thou art the King of Glory ; ! Christ." Te Deum. 
 
 " Thou tookest upon Thee to deliver man." Te Deum. 
 
 " All ye green things upon Earth, bless ye the Lord. Praise 
 
 Him and magnify Him for ever." Benedicite omnia Opera. 
 "Thou, Child, shall be called the Prophet of the Highest." 
 
 Benedictus. 
 
 " Hark ! the Herald Angels sing," 
 " Christ is born in Bethlehem." 
 
 Christmas Hymn. 
 
 " Hail the Heaven born Prince of Peace." Christmas Hymn. 
 il Christ, the Everlasting Lord." Christmas Hymn. 
 
55 
 
 Text suitable for Porch, 
 
 " This is none other than the House of God, and this is the 
 gate of Heaven." Gen. xxviii., 17. 
 
 TEXTS FOR EASTER. 
 
 " I know that my Redeemer liveth." Job xix., 25. 
 
 " The Lord is King for ever and ever." Ps. x., 16. 
 
 " He whom God raised again, saw no corruption," Acts xiv., 37, 
 
 " He is risen." S. Matt, xiv., 2. 
 
 " The Lord is risen indeed." S. Luke xxiv., 34. 
 
 " I am the Resurrection and the Life." S. John xi., 25. 
 
 "Christ was raised again for our justification," Rom. iv., 25. 
 
 " If we be dead with Christ, we believe that we shall also live 
 
 with Him." Rom. vii., 8. 
 " Christ our Passover is sacrificed for us, therefore, let us keep 
 
 the feast." Cor. v., 7. 
 " He is the very Paschal Lamb which was offered for us." 
 
 Communion Service. 
 " Now is Christ risen from the dead, the first fruits of them 
 
 that slept. 1 Cor. xv., 20. 
 " As in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive." 
 
 1 Cor. xv., 22. 
 
 " death where is thy sting, grave where is thy victory." 
 
 1 Cor. xv., 55. 
 "Death is swallowed up in victory." 1 Cor. xv., 55. 
 " If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are 
 
 above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God." 
 
 Col. iii. 1. 
 
 " Our life is hid with Christ in God." Col. iii., 3. 
 " I am He that liveth, and was dead ; and behold I am alive 
 for evermore." Rev. L, 18, 
 
56 
 
 " Alleluia ! Alleluia ! Alleluia ! " Bev. xix., 1-3-4. 
 " Alleluia ! for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth." Bev. xix., 6. 
 This Jesus hath God raised up." Acts ii., 32. 
 
 TEXTS FOR WHITSUNDAY. 
 
 "The Spirit beareth witness because the Spirit is Truth." 
 1 S. John v. 6. 
 
 "The Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of life" Nicene Creed,. 
 "The Holy Ghost "fell on all them that heard the Word." Acts 
 x., 34. 
 
 " Thou only, Christ, with the Holy Ghost, art most high in 
 the Glory of God the Father." Communion Service. 
 
 t * The Holy Ghost came down as at this time from Heaven.'* 
 Communion Service. 
 
 " The Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost." S. John xix., 26. 
 
 TEXTS FOR TRINITY SUNDAY. 
 
 " The Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Ghost is 
 
 God." Creed of S. Athanasius. 
 " Holy, Holy, Holy Lord God Almighty, which was, and is, 
 
 and is to come." Bev. iv. 8. 
 " Glory be to the Father, and to the Son. and to the Holy 
 
 Ghost." Benedicite omnia Opera. 
 " Holy, blessed and glorious Trinity, three Persons and One 
 
 God." Litany. 
 
 " God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost." Acts 
 x. 38. 
 
57 
 
 TEXTS FOR HARVEST THANKSGIVING. 
 
 " While the Earth remaineth, seed time and harvest shall not 
 
 cease." Gen. viii., 22. 
 " Man doth not live by bread alone, but by every word that 
 
 proceedeth out of the mouth of the Lord." Deut. viii., 3. 
 " The Earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof." Ps. xiv., 1. 
 " Thou visitest the Earth and blessest it, Thou makest it very 
 
 plenteous." Ps. lxv., 9. 
 " Thou crownest the year with Thy goodness." Ps. lxv., 9. 
 " He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and herb for the 
 
 service of man ; that he may bring forth food out of the 
 
 Earth, and wine that maketh glad the heart of man, and 
 
 bread which strengtheneth man's heart." Ps. civ., 14-15. 
 " He maketh peace in thy borders, and filleth thee with the 
 
 flower of wheat." Ps. cxlviii., 14. 
 " Honor the Lord with thy first fruits ; so shall thy barns be 
 
 filled with plenty." Prov. in., 9-10 
 "The bread of life." S. John vi., 35. 
 " In due season we shall reap if we faint not." Gal. vi., 9. 
 
 TEXTS FOR SCHOOL FEASTS. 
 
 " The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." Ps. cxi., 10. 
 11 Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is 
 
 old, he will not depart from it." Prov. xxii., 6. 
 " Remember thy Creator in the days of thy youth, while the evil 
 
 days come not, nor the years draw nigh when thou shall 
 
 say I have no pleasure in them." Eccl. xii., 1. 
 " Keep innocency, and hold fast the thing which is right, for 
 
 that shall bring a man peace at the last." 
 " Woe unto him that offendeth one of these little ones." S. Matt. 
 
 xviii., 6. 
 
58 
 
 " Suffer little children to come unto me ; for of such is the King- 
 dom of God." S. Mark x., 14. 
 " Feed my lambs." S. John xxi., 15. 
 
 "Children obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right." 
 Eph. vi. 1. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 Plate 1. 
 
 Frontispiece. — 
 
 This photograph shews the interior of a large handsome 
 church of good architectural proportions, and the design in- 
 cludes both its permanent and temporary decorations. The 
 representation of the Lord's Supper above the chancel arch is 
 in English mosaic work, and the decorations on the roof is in 
 color ; both of these are of course permanent. The temporary 
 decorations are the dossel, which is of colored cloth bordered 
 with lace, bearing an illuminated or embroidered text and 
 device, with wreaths of foliage hung in festoons. The columns 
 of the chancel arch and the wall space adjoining, have wreaths 
 of evergreens, and the arch itself is surrounded with a text 
 illuminated on prepared cloth, the spandrils being filled in 
 with foliage, on which is fixed a pair of the banners, such as are 
 shewn on plates 19 and 20. A text also on prepared cloth is 
 carried round the nave under the clerestory windows ; the 
 columns to the nave arcbes are wreathed, and the spaces between 
 these arches are covered with evergreens bearing devices, either 
 illuminated or worked in everlasting flowers. 
 
 Plate 2. 
 
 This design shews the interior of a church decorated upon 
 the principle suggested in the earlier part of the book, viz., 
 
59 
 
 the adoption of festoons, curved lines and diapers, instead of 
 the more usual plan of following the architectural lines of the 
 building only. For further remarks on this method of decora- 
 tion see pages 7 to 14. 
 
 The reredos at the end of the church is formed on a frame • 
 work of iron wire, and the shields and devices are cut out in 
 cardboard, and illuminated. In order the more clearly to shew 
 the decorations, no furniture or internal fittings are shewn. 
 
 Plate 3. 
 
 This plate shews the details of the construction of the 
 festoons suggested on plate 2, and the manner in which the 
 spandrils are filled in. In the former it must be borne in mind, 
 that in order to make the festoon hang in its naturally graceful 
 curve, it is necessary that it should be equally weighted 
 throughout, and for this purpose great care will be required 
 in arranging the secondary series of festoons ; for if a large 
 and heavy cluster were to be hung at one part, it would 
 throw the primary one out of shape. If, however, it is intended 
 to hang heavy clusters which would have this effect, a lath 
 or wire, of sufficient rigidity to resist the unequal weight, 
 should be provided, instead of the foundation of rope. 
 
 The decoration for the spandrils is proposed to be attached 
 to a framework of laths, bound together with wire. 
 
 The trellis work shewn on the same plate is in like manner 
 formed of laths, and illuminated devices are introduced to vary 
 the natural foliage. 
 
 Plate 4. 
 
 The first design on this sheet is for the decoration of walls 
 with strings of leaves and berries. They could be formed 
 either of holly and ivy mixed, or the long trailing branches of 
 the ivy could be used for the pendants with holly for the top. 
 
60 
 
 The other design for wall decoration shows a more elaborate 
 arrangement of the festoons, and indicates the introduction of 
 perforated and illuminated cardboard devices in combination 
 with the foliage. The detail marked D gives a pretty little 
 device for this purpose. E, F, G, H, and I, show a crown, 
 crocket, and some diapers of natural foliage, which should be 
 formed of the finest leaves that can be procured, and be bound 
 together tightly with fine wire so as to keep them in their 
 proper positions. 
 
 Plate 5. 
 
 A design is here given for a dossel of stuff, which should 
 be stretched on a frame with the sprigs of holly tacked on, the 
 crowns also being formed of holly and berries as shown in the 
 enlarged drawing A. The Holy Name should be cut out of 
 cloth, silk, velvet, or cloth of gold, and sewn on, or it could be 
 worked in everlasting flowers. The margin surrounding 
 the device is proposed to be formed of a narrow woven 
 lace. 
 
 F. — This diaper for walls is formed of devices cut out in 
 cardboard, and decorated with natural leaves. 
 
 G. — The star here shewn is proposed to be worked in 
 berries or everlasting flowers, and to have the illuminated text 
 intertwined with it. 
 
 Plate 6. 
 
 A design for a temporary reredos is here given, the 
 uprights of which are of wood, which should be turned for the 
 purpose, and stained and varnished, as the foliage would look 
 best twisted round in such a way as to shew them. They 
 could however be made of blind-rollers or broom -handles, but 
 in that case would require to be entirely covered. The arched 
 pieces should be formed either of iron wire or of canes, 
 
 A detail is given shewing the construction of the crockets 
 
61 
 
 and finials, which will be very effective if nicely arranged and 
 bound round firmly with wire. 
 
 The vases of gold, frankincense, and myrrh, of which en- 
 larged drawings are given on plate 5, may be used at the feast 
 of the Epiphany. They can either be carved in wood and 
 illuminated or cut out in cardboard and illuminated. In the 
 latter case they should not be shaded so as to give them a round 
 appearance, but treated as flat pieces of decoration, in the 
 same way as permanent illuminations are done in wall 
 painting. The scroll bearing the text can be illuminated on 
 zinc, prepared cloth, or calico. 
 
 The cross, which is suspended from a wreath, could be 
 formed in various ways, but the most effective method would 
 probably be to make it of everlasting flowers. The dossel is 
 ^tended to be the same length as the altar table, and the wreaths 
 of foliage hung in festoons might be carried right across the 
 east wall of the chancel. The appearance of the dossel would 
 be improved if a back ground of stuff were hung behind it. 
 
 Plate 7. 
 
 Designs A, B, and C give three suggestions for the arrange- 
 ment of wreaths above the north and south windows of a church. 
 In A and B they are carried above the windows, following the 
 architectural shape, while in C the principle of the catenary 
 before alluded to is proposed. In the two former, suggestions 
 are given for introducing banners and devices between the 
 windows. In the latter, a text is introduced above the window 
 surrounded by evergreens. Design D shows the catenary hung 
 right across the nave arches, which has a bold and pleasing 
 effect, and being kept up high does not impede the view in any 
 way. On the columns supporting the arches various methods 
 of arranging the wreaths are indicated. 
 
62 
 
 Plate 8. 
 
 Designs A, B, C, and D are for wall diapers. A and B are 
 formed entirely of evergreens ; C either of evergreens and ever- 
 lasting flowers, or of evergreens and illuminated work combined ; 
 and D of everlasting flowers only, or illuminated work, in 
 either of which cases it should be surrounded by a wreath of 
 evergreens, and might also be surrounded by an appropriate 
 text. The groundwork of A would be entirely of laths, of B, 
 and C of laths and wire combined, or of perforated zinc, the 
 latter being more easily worked ; D, if for flower decoration, 
 should be on perforated zinc, or if illuminated, on prepared 
 cloth or calico. E and F show gallery fronts, panelled and 
 arranged with devices, festoons, and texts. For the method 
 of constructing these, see the description of evergreen and 
 flower devices. G shows an arrangement of festoons for altar 
 rails ; — these should be fixed behind the standards, so as not to 
 be in the way of the communicants. 
 
 In some churches the plan of filling up the altar rails with 
 devices on a colored ground is adopted ; but this is not recom- 
 mended, on account of its obstructing the view. 
 
 Plate 9. 
 
 In this photograph a number of ideas is suggested for 
 decorating the internal fittings of a church, in most instances 
 by using wire frames as a groundwork on which to attach the 
 foliage. The fall shown to the book board of the pulpit could 
 have the cross or a monogram worked in everlasting flowers 
 in the centre, as indicated. 
 
 In these designs the object has been to suggest novelty 
 of treatment, modifications of which will probably occur to the 
 mind of the decorator. The simpler and more usual plans do 
 not require illustration, but can be fully understood from the 
 
63 
 
 written descriptions given under the heads of Fonts, Pulpits, 
 Lecterns, Coronse, &c. 
 
 Where there is no permanent font cover, or where there is 
 only a flat one, a very effective one can be constructed of wire. 
 See description on pages 48 and 49. 
 
 Plates 10 and 11. 
 
 Patterns of four different sorts of alphabets and numerals 
 to correspond are here given. For forming texts it is best to 
 procure an alphabet cut out in cardboard to the required size, 
 and with a lead pencil to trace the shapes in their proper 
 positions ; after this is done, they can be filled in with the 
 required colors, or cut out to shapes, as the case may be. 
 
 Plates 12 and 13. 
 
 These two sheets give designs for monograms, crosses, 
 crowns, stars, and a variety of other devices suitable for 
 cutting out in cardboard, or perforated zinc. Most of them 
 need but little explanation, but regarding a few of them some 
 remarks may be advisable. 
 
 With regard to the usual monogram of our Saviour's 
 name, it is a mistake to suppose that it was intended originally 
 to convey the meaning of Jesus Hominum Salvator (Jesus the 
 Saviour of Men), as it is of Greek and not Latin origin, formed 
 by the first three letters of our Saviour's name in Greek. 
 
 It is a much disputed point whether this monogram should 
 be written I.H.S. or I.H.O., and there seems to be no definite 
 authority to settle the question, for as early as the 9th and 10th 
 centuries, coins which are in existence prove that even at that 
 time both forms were used. 
 
 Engravings of soma of these coins ; of Basilius the First, 
 A.D. 867, Constantinus VII. , about 912, and Zimeces, about 
 
64 
 
 969, are given in the Calendar of the Prayer Book, published 
 by James Parker & Co. 
 
 The letters X.P. equally represent the Saviour's name. 
 They are the Greek initial letters of the name Christos, 
 (XPISTOS) and occur in the early Christian tombs at Eome, in 
 the first and second centuries. 
 
 As regards the various forms of crosses, the Latin Cross, 
 No. 217, is too well known to need explanation. No. 238, the 
 Maltese Cross, has eight points, which are said to be symboli- 
 cal of the eight beatitudes. No. 239 is the St. Andrew's Cross. 
 No 240 is the Cross of Calvary. No. 241 is the Cross Crosslet, 
 being composed of four Latin Crosses : and No. 242 is the 
 Greek Cross, which is said to represent the spread of the 
 Gospel throughout the world, as taught by the four evange- 
 lists. 
 
 Plates 14, 15, and 16. 
 
 These plates contain a variety of monograms, crosses, and 
 devices, suitable for illuminating in colors on a groundwork of 
 cardboard, calico, or prepared cloth, The small designs, A, 
 B, C, and D, are proposed to be illuminated on silk, and are 
 suitable for the fall or antipendium to the book board of either 
 the pulpit or the lectern. They could also be worked in 
 everlasting flowers for the same purpose with very good effect. 
 
 Plate 17. 
 
 The designs on this plate are intended for painted decora- 
 tion ; most of them bearing texts, and being suitable for placing 
 on the walls, between the windows of the north and south 
 aisles of a church, or over the aisle arches. No. 291a shows a 
 narrow painted ribbon text, wound round the column, with 
 foliage running through it, 
 
65 
 
 Plate 18. 
 
 Nos. 292 to 295 are for illuminated decorations. No. 293 
 is a very suitable one for a central panel of a reredos. It 
 consists of a cross of rich ornamental character, having the 
 emblems of the four evangelists introduced between its arms, 
 and on either side a pastoral staff. No. 297 is a banner in 
 applique work. No. 293 is a silk or cloth banner with a cross 
 formed of rich Coventry silk lace. Nos. 299 to 309 give a 
 variety of devices suitable for working in everlasting flowers, 
 for fixing in panels of pulpit, reredos, font, screen, &c. 
 
 Plates 19 and 20. 
 
 These plates contain a great variety of designs for banners, 
 suitable for illuminating on silk, prepared cloth, or calico. 
 Some of these also could be worked in applique, in the manner 
 described on page 35. 
 
 No. 320 will be observed to be prepared specially for 
 harvest festivals, the devices Nos. 321 and 322 being also for 
 the same purpose. 
 
 Plates 21, 22, and 23. 
 
 Various designs for texts and for borders suitable for texts 
 are given on these plates. 
 
 The texts, with a fall below them as Nos. 342 to 345 
 have a very pleasing and beautiful effect when well executed, 
 and are particularly suitable for the north and south sides of 
 the chancel. 
 
 Nos. 34G to 349, it will be seen, are designs for arch 
 ^exts. There is often some difficulty in taking the measure- 
 ment of a large chinccl archway tor a text ; and the designs, 
 34G and 347, are designed so as to avoid the necessity of the 
 sweep being taken accurately ; for these not being arranged to 
 
6j6 
 
 follow the line of the arch, the exact radius is not required. 
 Where a design such as 348 is selected, Ihe best way to procure 
 the measurements, is to take them from A to B, B to C, and 
 D to E. The latter dimension gives the radius with toleiable 
 accuracy ; if perfect accuracy is required, a paper mould should 
 be taken, in addition to the figured dimensions. Tiie designs 
 349 and 351 are for texts for smaller arches, such as the entrance, 
 or vestry doors. Nos. 352 and 353 are for scroll texts to be fixed 
 on either side of the chancel arch, or in any similar position. 
 
 Plates 24 and 25. 
 
 The designs here given are for illuminated devices. Nos. 
 357 to 364 are suitable, either of a large size, for wall devices, 
 or, of a small size, for panels of pulpit, reredos, &c. Nos. 305 
 and 368 contain a good deal of minute detail, and are therefore 
 more suitable for the larger size, while 369 and 370 would be 
 best small, for such purposes as the panels of fonts, or for ante- 
 pendiums to book boards, of pulpit, desk, or lectern. 
 
 Plate 26. 
 
 No. 371 is a design for illuminated text for harvest 
 thanksgiving. The corn and the festoons of fruits and flowers 
 could either be formed of real corn, fruits, and flowers, or they 
 could be introduced in the illumination as part of the design. 
 The rest of the designs on this plate are for domestic decora- 
 tion, suitable for the hall or dining room. No. 380 the 
 crowned Christmas, would make an effective one in execu- 
 tion. The motto No. 382, consisting of letters covered with 
 everlasting flowers with a border of foliage, would have a very 
 plea&ing appearance if nicely done. 
 
 Plate 27. 
 
 This photograph gives a number of devices worked in ever- 
 lastings. Owing to the great assortment of colors worked in 
 
 ■ 
 
which these flowers can bo obtained, the variety of designs that 
 can be produced is endless, as the same can be repeated many 
 times, and each time treated in a different way* This is very 
 useful when a supply of perforated zinc devices has been 
 procured, as they can be used from year to year without 
 reproducing the same arrangement of design. 
 
 MATERIALS. 
 
 A concise list of materials likely to be required by th 
 •amateur church decorator, will possibly be of service. To 
 
 commence with evergreens. Of the holly, which is by custom 
 . the principal one used, there are sixteen varieties, the common 
 
 one being the Ilex Aquifolium. 
 
 Holly. 
 
 Arbutus. 
 
 Variegated Holly. 
 
 Lauristinus. 
 
 Ivy (the smaller variety). 
 
 Ferns. 
 
 Laurel. 
 
 Privet. 
 
 Box. 
 
 Myrtle. 
 
 Yew. 
 
 Cypress. 
 
 Fir (in its various varieties). 
 
 Bay. 
 
 Arbor Vitas. 
 
 Kosemary. 
 
 Portugal Laurel. 
 
 Moss. 
 
 Drummond observes, speaking of January : — " Many 
 cryptogamous plants, especially mosses, now put on their best 
 attire ; and to the enquiring eye exhibit a structure more beau- 
 tiful than is to be perceived in the noblest trees of the forest." 
 
68 
 
 Materials for forming Wreaths — 
 
 Evergreens, as previous list. 
 Everlasting flowers. 
 Imitation Holly berries. 
 Hope. 
 
 Stout string. 
 Fine twine. 
 
 Stout iron or copper wire. 
 
 Fine ditto do. 
 
 Keel wire (as used by artificial 
 
 flower makers). 
 Needles and thread. 
 Hoop iron. 
 Deal laths. 
 
 Scissors (best tied by a long 
 tape to wrist or waist when 
 in use). 
 
 Pocket knife. 
 
 Flyers (for wire) . 
 
 Hammer. 
 
 Nails and tacks. 
 
 Frame for decorated font cover. 
 
 Bands of perforated zinc. 
 
 Letters of „ „ 
 
 Zinc and iron clips for capitals 
 of columns. 
 
 For Evergreen or Flower Devices — The groundwork 
 cut out in perforated zinc in addition to the foregoing. 
 
 For Worked and Painted Devices. — Full sized models 
 of monograms, crosses, and devices. — These are best procured 
 cut out in cardboard, except where a professional decorator is 
 employed to prepare them ready for illumination, or the ama- 
 teur has sufficient knowledge of drawing and of their correct 
 proportions to set them out himself. 
 
 Cloth (in various colors). 
 Cotton velvet „ „ 
 Cotton wool. 
 Cartoon paper. 
 Colored pnpers. 
 Colored flock papers. 
 Imitation gold paper. 
 Imitation silver paper. 
 Prepared (painted) cloth. 
 
 Prepared calicD. 
 Paints, prepared for use. 
 Cold leaf. 
 Gold size. 
 Taint brushes. 
 Straight rule. 
 Set square. 
 Compasses.* 
 
 * For large circles', a nail or pin, driven in at the point from which the 
 circle is struck, with a string of the required length, having a pencil attached 
 to it, revolving round it, form a good snhstitute for compasses. 
 
Plate 2 
 
 
 / 
 
 IS 
 
 
 
 s _ 
 
 
Plate 3 
 
Plate 4 
 
Plate 5 
 
Plate S 
 
Plate 7 
 
Plate 8 
 
Plate 9 
 
Plate 10 
 
 ABCDEF6H 
 IJKLMNOP 
 ORSTUYW 
 
 abcdcf^hijhl 
 mnopqrstuv 
 wxyz.* i ii in iy 
 
 YYIYII VIIIIX-X. 
 
 COX & SON 
 
Plate 11 
 
 HMP€OF<^ 
 
 afatojjfipttn 
 
 1251-567590. 
 
 Cox & Son london 
 
Hate 12 
 
 COX AND SON, 
 
Plate 13 
 
Plate 14 
 
Plate 15 
 
Plate 1G 
 
Plate 17 
 
Plate 18 
 
Hate 19 
 
Plate 20 
 
PI 
 
 ate 21 
 
Plate 2.?, 
 
Plate 23 
 
Plate 24 
 
 354 
 
 RISEM ': FROM | 
 i| T KCDEAD :TH £}f 
 
 | f;rst:fruits ; 
 
 OF -THEM. 
 THAT SLEEP 
 
 355 
 
 Tb6:KIK<3:OF 
 GLORYIOICfoRIST 
 TbOU:ART:Tb€ 
 
 5 
 
 ! 
 
 | GY6RLASTINGIS0H 
 9 OF ! THeiFATbGR 
 
 358 
 
 7 * I * 
 •The WORD 
 
 WASMADC-fLESH 
 
 •AND: DWELT. 
 
 V:USf 
 
 35 r 
 
 300 
 
 COX AND SON, 
 
Plate 25 
 
 LONDON. 
 
Plate 26 
 
Plate 27 
 
ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 Messrs. COX & SON beg to submit the following 
 List of Prices, at which they can supply some of the 
 Designs and Materials mentioned in the foregoing 
 work. Owing to the great demand at Christmas, it is 
 very desirable that Orders should be sent as early as 
 possible, as more care can be bestowed upon their 
 execution 
 
 In order to afford facilities to those who may 
 desire to do the Illuminated Decorations themselves, 
 
 j 
 
 the Prices for many of the designs are given sketched] 
 in outline only. 
 
Plate 12. 
 
 Plate 12 (Continued). 
 
 MONOGRAMS, CROSSES, &c, 
 cut out to shape as a groundwork for 
 Devices in Evergreens, Berries, or 
 Everlasting flowers. 
 
 IN PERFORATED ZINC. 
 
 NO. 
 
 ! 1 foot 1 
 i nigh. 
 
 
 15 ^* 
 
 .bJO 
 
 
 
 
 
 * a 
 
 CM 
 
 
 200 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 9/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 201 
 
 2/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 202 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 6/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 203 
 
 2/6 
 3/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 V 
 
 204 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 9/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 205 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 9/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 206 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 9/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 207 
 
 1/6 
 
 2/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 ■V 
 
 6/6 
 
 20S 
 
 1/6 
 
 2/6 
 4/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 209 
 
 3/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 9/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 210 
 
 4/ 
 
 6/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 13/6 
 
 211 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 9/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 212 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 6/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 200 
 
 2/ 
 
 201 
 
 1/6 
 
 202 
 
 2/ 
 
 203 
 
 1/6 
 
 204 
 
 2/ 
 
 205 
 
 2/ 
 
 206 
 
 2/ 
 
 207 
 
 1/ 
 
 208 
 
 1/ 
 
 209 
 
 2/ 
 
 210 
 
 2/6 
 
 2/ 
 
 211 
 
 212 
 
 I 2/ 
 
 IN CARDBOARD. 
 
 3/ | 4/6 
 
 2/6 j 3/6 
 
 3/ 4/6 
 
 2/6 3/6 
 
 3/ 
 3/ 
 3/ 
 1/6 
 1/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 3/ 
 3/ 
 
 4/6 
 4/6 
 4/6 
 2/ 
 2/ 
 4/6 
 5/ 
 4/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 6/ 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 6/ 
 6/ 
 3/ 
 
 3/ 
 6/ 
 6/6 
 
 6/ 
 5/6 
 
 7/6 
 
 6/ 
 7/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 7/6 
 
 7/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 For prices of the above painted on Card- 
 board and for prices of letters and Alpha- 
 bets, see next page. 
 
 MONOGRAMS, CROSSES, &c. 
 
 painted a deep crimson color on Cardboard 
 as centres for Evergreen and other 
 Devices. 
 
 NO. 
 
 200 
 201 
 202 
 203 
 204 
 205 
 206 
 207 
 208 
 209 
 210 
 211 
 212 
 213 
 
 5 biD 
 
 2/ 
 
 2/ 
 
 1/9 
 
 1/9 
 
 2/ 
 
 2/ 
 
 2/ 
 
 1/6 
 
 1/6 
 
 2/ 
 
 2/6 
 
 2/ 
 2/ 
 
 ° bo 
 
 2/6 
 
 2/6 
 
 2/ 
 
 2/ 
 
 2/6 
 
 2/6 
 
 2/6 
 
 2/ 
 
 2/ 
 
 2/6 
 
 3/ 
 
 2/6 
 
 2/6 
 
 rH ^ ^ 
 
 3/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 2/6 
 
 2/6 
 
 3/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 2/6 
 
 2/6 
 
 3/ 
 3/6 
 
 3/ 
 3/ 
 
 rH CO ^ 
 
 3/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 3/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 3/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 3/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 3/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 3/6 
 
 Perforated zinc letters for forming 
 texts in berries, everlasting flowers, 
 &c, 6 inches high, 6s. per doz. ; 8 ins. 
 high, 7/6 per doz. ; 10 ins. high, 9s. 
 per doz. ; 1 ft. high, 12s. per doz. 
 
 LETTERS CUT OUT IN CARDBOARD. 
 
 
 Plain, 
 per 
 dozen. 
 
 Colored 
 per 
 dozen. 
 
 Gilt, 
 per 
 dozen. 
 
 214 or 216 4 ins. high 
 
 2/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 6/ 
 
 « »» 6 ,, 
 
 2/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 215 6 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 59 8 „ 
 
 3/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 Letters under 4 ins. high, charged the same 
 as 4 inch letters. 
 
 A complete Alphabet of either of tie above, 
 charged as 2 doz. letters ; or 4cl. extra, 
 post-free. 
 
 A printed Alphabet as 214, 4 inch letters, 
 and a set of numerals to correspond, 1/6 
 or post-free 1/8. 
 
 A printed Alphabet of 6 inch letters as 215 
 3/- post-free 3/3. 
 
 A printed Alphabet of 4 inch letters as 216 
 1/6 post-free 1/8. 
 
 These are the only printed Alphabets kept 
 in stock, any other size or patterns would 
 have to be written by hand, and the prices 
 would be the same as for letters cut out in 
 cardboard. 
 
Plate 13. 
 
 Plate 13 (Continued). 
 
 DEVICES, 
 
 cut out to shape as a groundwork for 
 Devices in Evergreens, Berries, and 
 Everlasting flowers. 
 
 IN PERFORATED ZINC. 
 
 NO. 
 
 O M 
 
 lft.6in 
 
 
 2ft. 6in 
 high. 
 
 
 
 
 
 ? 1 ™ 
 
 
 217 
 
 1/ 
 
 1/6 
 
 2/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 218 
 
 3/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 8/6 
 
 11/ 
 
 219 
 
 2/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 8/ 
 1 
 
 1/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 9/ 
 8/ 
 5/6 
 
 220 
 221 
 
 V 
 1/ 
 
 4/6 
 2/6 
 
 6/ 
 4/ 
 
 222 
 
 2/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 7/ 
 7/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 223 
 
 2/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 9/ 
 
 224 
 
 2/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 11 
 
 9/ 
 
 225 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 9/ 
 
 12/ 
 13/6 
 
 226 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 227 
 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 9/ 
 
 1^ 
 
 228 
 
 V 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/6 
 «/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 229 
 
 4/6 
 2/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 13/6 
 
 230 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 
 9 
 
 231 
 
 2/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 ? 
 
 9/ 
 
 232 
 
 3/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 8/6 
 
 
 238 
 
 V 
 
 2/ 
 
 3/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 7/ 
 
 234* 
 
 6/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 11/6 
 
 14/ 
 
 235* 
 
 6/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 9/6 
 
 12/ 
 
 15/ 
 
 236* 
 
 5/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 11/6 
 
 14/ 
 
 237* 
 
 6/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 9/6 
 
 12/ 
 
 15/ 
 
 238 
 
 V 
 
 2/ 
 
 3/6 
 
 ^/ 
 
 7/ 
 
 239 
 
 1/ 
 
 1/9 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 240 
 
 1/6 
 
 2/6 
 3/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 241 
 
 n 
 
 4/6 ; 
 
 6/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 242 
 
 V 
 
 1/9 
 
 3/ 1 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 IN CARDBOARD. 
 
 217 
 
 /8 
 
 1/ 
 
 1 1/6 
 
 2/6 
 
 ! 3/6 
 
 218 
 
 2/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 j 7/6 
 
 219 
 
 1/9 
 
 2/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 <v 
 
 220 
 
 J/6 
 
 2/ 
 
 2/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 : 4/6 
 
 221 
 
 /6 
 
 /9 
 
 1/ 
 
 1/6 
 
 1 2/ 
 
 222 
 
 1/9 
 
 2/6 
 
 3/6 
 8/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 223 
 
 1/9 
 
 2/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 224 
 
 1/9 
 
 2/6 
 3/ 
 
 3/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 225 
 
 2/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 226 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 8/6 
 
 227 
 
 2/ 
 
 3/ 
 3/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 228 
 
 2/ 
 
 4/0 
 
 6/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 229 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 8/6 
 
 230 
 
 1/9 
 
 2/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 231 
 
 1/9 
 
 2/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 «/ 
 
 232 
 
 2/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 233 
 
 /9 
 
 1/4 
 
 2/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 234* 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/ 
 5/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 9/6 
 
 235* 
 
 4/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 8/ 
 7/6 
 
 9/6 
 
 236* 
 
 3/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 237* 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 9/6 
 
 238 
 
 /9 
 
 1/4 
 
 2/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 239 
 
 /8 
 
 1/2 
 
 1/9 
 
 2/9 
 
 3/9 
 
 240 
 
 1/ 
 
 1/6 
 
 2/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 241 
 
 1/0 
 
 2/ 
 
 2/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 242 
 
 /8 
 
 1/2 
 
 1/9 
 
 2/9 
 
 3/9 
 
 * The centres of designs Nos. 234, 235, 236, 
 and 237, are illuminated in colors. 
 
 Fm: Prices of Crowns see next page. 
 
 Perforated 
 Zinc Crowns, 
 
 Extreme Length, 
 
 Cardboard 
 Crowns, 
 
 Extreme Length. 
 
 243 
 244 
 
 245 
 246 
 
 & 
 
 2/ 
 2/ 
 
 • rH 
 
 CD 
 
 /8 1/ j 1/6 
 
 1/ 1/6 2/3 
 
 1/6, 2/ i 2/9 
 
 1/6, 2/ j 2/9 
 
 2/ 
 3/ 
 3/6 
 3/6 
 
 1/6 2/61 3/6 
 2/ \ 8/ j 4/ 
 2/6, 3/6| 4/6 
 2/6 3/6 i 4/6 
 The above prices are for flat crowns, if 
 made circular they would be three times 
 
 as much as quoted. 
 Flat Cross made of wood with cork under- 
 neath, for decorating, to float in Font, 
 1 ft. 4 ins. long 2s. 
 Upright Floating Cross on 3 Steps, 1 foot, 
 6 ins, high 6s. ; 2 feet high 7/6. 
 
 Plate 14. 
 
 ILLUMINATED MONOGRAMS, 
 
 One foot high. 
 
 No. 
 
 247 
 248 
 249 
 250 
 251 
 252 
 253 
 254 
 255 
 256 
 257 
 258 
 
 247 
 248 
 249 
 250 
 251 
 252 
 253 
 254 
 255 
 256 
 257 
 258 
 
 247 
 248 
 249 
 250 
 251 
 252 
 253 
 254 
 255 
 256 
 257 
 258 
 
 ON CARDBOARD 
 OR PREPARED CALICO 
 
 ON PRKPAKEO CLOTH 
 
 Plainly 
 [Hum!- 
 nated 
 
 Rtelibr 
 lUumi- 
 nat'd in 
 Colors 
 * Gold. 
 
 Outlind {Plainly 
 ready |j Jllumi- 
 for || rated 
 Illujni-';i in 
 nation M Colors. 
 
 Richly 
 IilKmi- 
 nat'd in 
 Colors 
 * Gold. 
 
 Outlind 
 ready 
 for 
 Ilium! - 
 
 2/9 
 
 3/9 
 
 l/6j 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/ 
 2/9 
 
 5/6 
 
 2/6 
 1/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 3/6 
 
 3/9 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 8/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 2/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 7/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 8/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 9/ 
 
 11/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 8/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 2/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 7/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 8/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 7/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 10/ 
 
 4/6 
 4/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 7/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 10/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 7/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 11/ 
 
 0/ 
 
 6/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 3/6 
 
 8/6 
 
 11/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 One foot six inches high* 
 3/6 | 4/6 
 
 5/ 
 3/6 
 4/6 
 
 8/ 
 5/6 
 
 6/6 
 5/ 
 6/ 
 10/ 
 7/6 
 
 4/6 , 6/ 
 
 5/6 I 7/6 
 6/6 8/6 1 
 6/6 8/6 j 
 
 V ! 9/ 
 7/6 10/ , 
 
 4/6 
 6/ 
 4/6 
 5/6 
 10/ 
 7/6 
 5/6 
 7/6 
 8/6 
 8/6 
 
 9/ 
 9/6 
 
 2/ 
 3/ 
 2/ 
 2/6 
 
 4/ 
 3/6 
 2/6 
 3/6 
 3/6 
 3/6 
 4/ 
 4/ 
 
 Two feet 
 
 6/ 
 7/6 
 6/ 
 V 
 
 12/6 
 9/6 
 7/ 
 9/6 
 10/6 
 10/6 
 
 11/ 
 11/6 
 
 3/ 
 
 3/6 
 
 3/ 
 
 3/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 3/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 5/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 7/ 
 5/6 
 6/6 
 10/6 
 
 8/ 
 6/6 
 8/ 
 9/ 
 0/ 
 9/6 
 10/6 
 
 high, 
 
 v 
 
 8/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 12/6 
 10/6 
 8/ 
 10/6 
 11/6 
 11/6 
 12/ 
 13/ 
 
 7/ 
 9/ 
 7/6 
 8/6 
 13/ 
 10/6 
 8/6 
 10/0 
 11/6 
 11/6 
 12/ 
 13/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 10/0 
 
 9/ 
 10/ 
 16/ 
 13/ 
 10/ 
 13/ 
 14/ 
 14/ 
 14/6 
 15/6 
 
 3/0 
 
 4/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 6/ 
 
 5/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 6/: 
 
 6/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 V 
 
 7/6 
 
 7/6 
 
Plate 15. 
 
 ILLUMINATED MONOGRAMS 
 AND CROSSES. 
 One foot high. 
 
 No. 
 
 259 
 260 
 261 
 262 
 263 
 264 
 265 
 
 ON CAUDB >ARD 
 Oii. FRKPAKKU CALICO || 
 
 Plainly 
 Illumi- 
 nated 
 
 Richly 
 Illumi- 
 nat'ti. in 
 Colors 
 & Gold. 
 
 Outlind Plainly 
 ready ' 
 
 for 
 Illumi- 
 nation. 
 
 Illumi- 
 nated 
 
 Colors. 
 
 Richly 
 Illnini- 
 
 nat'd in 
 Color3 
 
 & Gold. 
 
 Outlind 
 ready 
 for 
 Illumi- 
 nation. 
 
 Plate 1G. 
 
 5/6 
 
 2/ 
 6/6 
 3/6 
 3/6 
 4,6 
 7/6 
 
 7/6 
 
 3/ 
 8/6 
 
 67 
 
 6/ 
 
 «/ 
 9/6 
 
 3/6 
 V 
 4/ 
 2/ 
 2/ 
 3/ 
 5/ 
 
 8/ 11/ 
 
 3/6 5/6 
 
 9/ 12/ 
 
 5/6 ; 7/6 
 
 5/6 I 7/6 
 
 6/6 \ 8/6 
 
 10/6 | 13/6 
 One foot six inches high 
 
 4/6 
 
 2/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 6/0 
 
 259 
 
 7/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 9/6 
 
 12/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 260 
 
 2/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 1/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 «/ 
 
 2/6 
 
 261 
 
 8/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 13/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 262 
 
 4/6 
 
 <V 
 
 2/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 8/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 263 
 
 4/6 
 
 <V 
 
 2/6 
 3/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 8/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 264 
 
 5/6 
 
 7/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 IV 
 
 5/6 
 
 265 
 
 9/ 
 
 
 5/6 
 
 12/6 
 
 15/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 259 
 260 
 261 
 262 
 263 
 264 
 265 
 
 9/ 
 3/6 
 
 10/ 
 5/6 
 5/6 
 7/6 
 
 11/6 
 
 Two feet high. 
 
 12/ 
 
 11/ 
 
 4/6 
 12/ 
 
 V 
 7/6 
 9/6 
 13/6 
 
 5/ 
 2/ 
 5/6 
 3/6 
 3/6 
 
 4/ 
 6/6 
 
 5/ 
 12/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 8/ 
 10/6 
 15/6 
 
 14/6 1 7/ 
 
 7 / , 
 15/6 
 
 10/ 
 
 3/6 
 7/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 10/ I 5/ 
 13/ | 6/6 
 18/6 j 9/6 
 
 266 Woven Silk Monogram, 15 inches high 
 
 mounted on cardboard ... 7/6. 
 
 267 Woven Silk: Monogram, 10 inches high, 
 
 mounted on cardboard ... 2/6. 
 
 268 Woven Siik Cross, 4 inches high, mounted 
 
 on c.irdboard 2/(5. 
 
 MONOGRAMS AND DEVICES, 
 
 Illuminated on Silk, 
 Unmounted for Applique Work. 
 
 A. 
 
 Monogram, 
 
 6 inches diameter, 
 
 6/. 
 6/. 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 B. 
 
 M 
 
 6 
 
 
 5/. 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 >» 
 
 6/. 
 
 C. 
 
 Cross, 
 
 6 
 
 ?» 
 
 4/6. 
 5/6. 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 »» 
 
 D. 
 
 Device, 
 
 6 
 
 w 
 
 5/6. 
 
 »> 
 
 •>•> 
 
 9 
 
 1> 
 
 6/6. 
 
 ILLUMINATED MONOGRAMS, 
 CROSSES, &c. 
 
 One foot high. 
 
 No. 
 
 209 
 27 
 271 
 272 
 273 
 274 
 275 
 276 
 277 
 27H 
 279 
 230 
 
 ON CARDBOARD 
 OR PREP < U15I) C\LICO ON PREPARED CLOTH 
 
 Plainly 
 Illumi- 
 nated 
 
 260 
 270 
 271 
 27 2 
 278 
 274 
 275 
 276 
 27 7 
 278 
 279 
 280 
 
 Richly 
 lllumi- 
 nat'd in 
 Colors 
 & Gold. 
 
 Outlind 
 ready 
 
 for 
 Illumi- 
 nation. 
 
 I! 
 
 Plainly 
 Illumi- 
 nated 
 
 in 
 Colors. 
 
 Richly 
 Illami- 
 nat'diu 
 Colors 
 & Gold. 
 
 Outlln* 
 ready 
 for 
 Illuml- 
 nation. 
 
 2/G 
 
 5/ 
 
 3/6 
 
 «/ 
 w 
 
 c/ 
 
 r/o 
 
 8/6 
 
 6/0 
 0/(5 
 
 6/ii 
 0/8 
 
 3/0 
 
 1/3 
 
 ^/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 V 
 
 3/ 
 
 7 6 
 
 10/ 
 
 
 a/ 
 
 5/0 
 
 7/0 
 
 
 3/6 
 
 8/0 
 
 IJ/G 
 
 
 3/0 j 
 
 8/6 
 
 11/0 
 
 ^ 
 
 3/0 j 
 
 8/(i 
 
 11/0 
 
 8/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 »/ 
 
 11/6 
 
 tfl/O 
 
 
 i!/6 
 
 14/6 
 
 (4S 
 
 4/ i 
 
 »/ 
 
 11/0 
 
 8/0 
 S/(i 
 
 4/ : 
 
 9/ 
 
 11/6 
 
 4 / ! 
 
 9/ 
 
 11/6 
 
 8/0 
 
 4/. 
 
 9/ 
 
 11/6 
 
 One foot six inches high. 
 
 4/ 
 
 8/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 9/6 
 
 9/6 
 
 9/6 
 
 10/ 
 
 12/6 
 
 10/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 Two feet high. 
 
 5/6 
 10/6 
 
 V 
 
 11/6 
 11/6 
 11/6 
 12/6 
 15/6 
 12/6 
 12/6 
 12/6 
 12/6 
 
 2/ 
 4/6 
 
 3/ 
 
 5/ 
 
 5/ 
 
 5/ 
 
 5/0 
 
 6/0 
 
 5/ii 
 
 5/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 209 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/<> 
 
 2/ 
 
 5/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 3/ 
 
 270 
 
 6/0 
 
 8/0 
 
 3/6 
 
 9/ 
 
 11/0 
 
 5/0 
 
 271 
 
 4/0 
 7/0 
 
 6/ 
 
 2/0 
 
 6/(1 
 
 8/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 272 
 
 l(./ 
 
 -1/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 13/(3 
 
 <•'/ 
 
 278 
 
 v« 
 
 (!/() 
 
 l.| 
 
 4/ 
 
 10/0 
 
 13/0 
 
 8/ 
 
 274 
 
 10V 
 
 J/ 
 
 ld/6 
 
 13/0 
 
 C/ 
 
 275 
 
 
 Id/p 
 
 J/6 
 
 10/0 
 
 13/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 27 
 
 10/ 
 
 l*Jo 
 
 ft/8 
 
 13/0 
 
 16/6 
 
 7/0 
 
 27 7 
 
 w 
 
 10/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 10/11 
 
 J3/6 
 
 0/6 
 
 27* 
 
 
 10/8 
 
 J/6 
 
 10/0 
 
 1 3/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 279 
 
 
 10/0 
 
 4/6 
 
 u /o 
 
 13/6 
 
 K/6 
 
 280 
 
 
 lo/o 
 
 4/6 
 
 10/(1 
 
 13/« 
 
 0/6 
 
 2/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 11/6 
 
 14/ 
 
 7/ 
 
 3/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 •V 
 
 5/ 
 
 13/ 
 
 16/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 13/ 
 
 16/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 13/6 
 
 16/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 7/ 
 
 17/ 
 
 20/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 13/6 
 
 16/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 13/6 
 
 16/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 13/6 
 
 16/6 
 
 11 
 
 5/6 
 
 13/6 
 
 16/6 
 
 8/ 
 
Plate 18. 
 
 ILLUMINATED DEVICES. 
 
 Three feet high. 
 
 No. 
 281 
 282 
 283 
 284 
 285 
 
 ON CALICO 1 
 
 ON PEEP A K ED CLOTH 
 
 Plainly 
 Illumi- 
 nated 
 
 in 
 Color?. 
 
 Richly 
 Illurni- 
 nat'd in 
 Colors 
 * Oold. 
 
 Outlind' 
 ready | 
 
 for 
 Illumi- 
 nation. 1 
 
 Plainly 
 Illumi- 
 nated 
 in 
 
 Color*. 
 
 Pichly 
 iriMini- 
 nat'd in 
 Colors 
 
 Outlind 
 
 ready 
 
 for 
 Illumi- 
 
 ration 
 
 10/ 
 
 15/6 
 8/6 
 10/ 
 12/6 
 
 12/6 
 18/6 ! 
 10/6 I 
 12/6 
 15/6 
 
 6,6 
 9/6 
 6/ 
 6/6 
 
 14/6 
 21/ 
 J 2/6 
 14/6 
 17/6 
 
 18/ 
 
 26/ 
 15/6 
 18/ 
 21/ 
 
 Five feet high. 
 
 281 i 14/6 
 
 282 1 20/ 
 
 283 | 12/6 
 
 284 | 14/6 
 
 285 | 17/6 
 
 18/ 
 
 9/6 
 
 | 20/ 
 
 25/ ! 
 
 23/6 
 
 12/6 
 
 27/ 
 
 33/i 
 
 15,6 
 
 8/6 
 
 17/6 
 
 21/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 9/6 
 
 20/ 
 
 25/ 
 
 21/ 
 
 11/6 
 
 24/ 
 
 30/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 13/6 
 8/ 
 9/ 
 
 11/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 17/ 
 
 11/6 
 
 14/ 
 
 15/6 
 
 Tivo feet diameter. 
 
 286 
 
 10/ 
 
 12/6 
 
 6/0 
 
 14/6 
 
 18/ 
 
 9/ 1 
 
 287 
 
 8/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 11/6 
 
 14/ 
 
 7/6 ! 
 
 288 
 
 10/ 
 
 12/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 14/6 
 
 18/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 290 
 
 1 
 
 12/6 
 
 15/6 
 
 7/6 
 
 17/6 
 
 21/ 
 
 11/ i 
 
 
 Two 
 
 feet six inches diameter 
 
 
 286 
 
 13/6 
 
 16/6 
 
 7/6 
 
 ! 18/6 
 
 22/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 287 
 
 11/6 
 
 14/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 15/6 
 
 19/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 288 
 
 13/6 
 
 16/G 
 
 7/6 
 
 18/6 
 
 22/0 
 
 10/6 
 
 290 
 
 16/6 
 
 20/ 
 
 9/6 
 
 22/6 
 
 27/ 
 
 14/6 
 
 • 
 
 Three 
 
 feet diameter. 
 
 
 286 
 
 17/6 
 
 21/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 23/6 
 
 28/ 
 
 13/6 
 
 287 
 
 15/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 20/ 
 
 24/ 
 
 1^/ ! 
 
 288 
 
 17/6 
 
 21/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 23/6 
 
 28/ 
 
 13/6 
 
 290 
 
 21/ 
 
 25/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 27/6 
 
 38/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 
 
 Two feet long. 
 
 
 
 289 
 
 8/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 G/G 
 
 12/6 
 
 15/6 
 
 8/6 
 
 291 
 
 8/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 G/6 
 
 ; 12/6 
 
 15/6 
 
 8/6 
 
 
 
 Three feet long. 
 
 
 289 
 
 11/6 
 
 14/ 
 
 7/0 
 
 16/6 
 
 20/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 291 
 
 11/6 
 
 14/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 16/6 
 
 20/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 291 a Texts for encircling Columns in long 
 lengths, on Prepared Caiico, 2s. per 
 yard ; on Prepared Cloth, 3s. per yd. 
 
 ILLUMINATED DEVICES. 
 
 No. Height ||| k|«l 
 
 ON PREPARED CLOTS. 
 
 ^ e3 § 
 
 ! * 
 
 I I ^3 
 
 IS -So 
 I o.S c 
 
 i* a 6 
 
 292. ..2ft. 
 
 8/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 5/ 
 
 11/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 7/ 
 
 aft 
 
 „ ...OIL. 
 
 12/ 
 
 15/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 16/ 
 
 20/ 
 
 »/ 
 
 293... 2ft. 
 
 14/ 
 
 17/ 
 
 8/6 
 
 20/ 
 25/ 
 
 21/ 
 
 11/6 
 
 „ ...3ft, 
 
 18/ 
 
 21/6 
 11/6 
 17/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 30/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 294... 2ft. 
 
 9/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 18/6 
 18/6 
 
 16/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 „ ...3ft. 
 
 14/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 22/6 
 
 10/ 
 
 ILLUMINATED CARDBOARD CROWNS. 
 
 
 8ins. 
 
 1ft. 
 
 If. 6. 
 
 2ft, 
 
 No. Illuminated. 
 
 
 
 
 
 295 Plainly 
 
 2/ 
 
 2/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 
 8/ 
 
 3/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 6/ 
 
 296 Plainly 
 
 2/6 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/ 
 
 „ Richly 
 
 8/6 
 
 4/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 297 White or other colored Peps Banner, 3ft. 
 by 2ft,, with woven silk monogvam, silk 
 fringe and cord, 21/. 
 
 298 White or other colored Peps Banner, 3ft, 
 by 2ft., with rich silk Coventry lace 
 cross, 26/. 
 
 DEVICES FORMED IN EVERLASTING 
 FLOWERS, 
 
 
 In two or 1 
 
 nore colors. 
 
 
 
 299 
 
 9ins long ... 5/ 
 
 1ft long 
 
 
 . 7/6 
 
 300 
 
 „ r ••• 4/6 
 
 ••• M 11 
 
 
 • 7/ 
 
 301 
 
 8ins high ... 2/6 
 
 ... lOins higli 
 
 3/ 
 
 n 
 
 1ft high ... 8/6 
 
 ... 1ft 3in 
 
 n 
 
 4/ 
 
 n 
 
 1ft 6in high 5/ 
 
 ... 2ft 
 
 
 7/ 
 
 302 
 
 Gin high ... 3/6 
 
 ... 9in 
 
 
 7/ 
 
 
 ift ;, ... 9/6 
 
 ... 1ft 4in 
 
 M 
 
 12/6 
 
 303 
 
 6in „ ... 3/6 
 
 ... 9m 
 
 
 7/ 
 
 
 1ft ... 9/6 
 
 ... 1ft 4in 
 
 11 
 
 12/6 
 
 304 
 
 Sin „ ... 6/6 
 
 ... lOin 
 
 11 
 
 8/6 
 
 11 
 
 1ft ...10/6 
 
 ... 1ft 4in 
 
 11 
 
 1*/ 
 
 805 
 
 6in „ ... 3/6 
 
 ... 9in 
 
 11 
 
 7/ 
 
 12/6 
 
 
 1ft „ ... 9/6 
 
 ... 1ft 4in 
 
 >» 
 
 806 
 
 9in ... 5/B 
 
 ... 1ft 
 
 11 
 
 7/6 
 
 n 
 
 1ft 3in high 9,6 
 1ft high ...10/6 
 
 ... 1ft 6in 
 
 » 
 
 12/6 
 
 307 
 
 ... 1ft 6in 
 
 
 15/ 
 
 308 
 
 1ft „ ...10/6 
 
 ... 1ft 6in 
 
 55 
 
 18/6 
 
 309 
 
 9in „ ... 5/0 
 
 ... 1ft 
 
 
 6/6 
 
 
 1ft Bitthigh 8/6 
 
 ... 1ft 6in 
 
 11 
 
 11/6 
 
 A. Sc B. Letters, formed in everlasting flowers, 
 in two colours, 4$in. high 21/ per doz. ; 6in high 
 24/ per doz. 
 
Plate 19. 
 
 Plate 20. 
 
 ILLUMINATED BANNERS 
 
 ON PEEPAEED CALICO. 
 
 2ft 2in by 1ft 4in. 
 
 8/2 by 1ft 10m. 
 
 No. 
 
 £ RO 
 
 Ph r $ 
 
 rH 
 
 Richly Illu- 
 minated in 
 Colors & Gold. 
 
 Outlined 
 ready for 
 Illumination. 
 
 Plainly 
 Illuminated 
 in Colors. 
 
 Richly illu- 
 minated in 
 Colors & Gold. 
 
 Outlined 
 ready for 
 Illumination. 
 
 310 
 311 
 312 
 313 
 314 
 315 
 316 
 317 
 318 
 319 
 320 
 
 6/6 
 6/ 
 6/6 
 6/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 6/6 
 6/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 7/ 
 11/6 
 
 8/ 
 7/6 
 
 8/ 
 8/ 
 9/ 
 8/ 
 8/ 
 9/ 
 8/ 
 9/ 
 
 13/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 4/6 
 4/6 
 4/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 5/ 
 4/6 
 
 5/ 
 7/ 
 
 9/ 
 8/ 
 8/6 
 9/ 
 1<V 
 9/ 
 
 9/ 
 10/ 
 
 9/ 
 10/ 
 14/6 
 
 11/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 IV 
 12/ 
 
 11/ 
 11/ 
 12/ 
 
 11/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 17/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 6/6 
 6/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 6/6 
 6/6 
 • 9/ 
 
 HARVEST DEVICES 
 
 ON PREPA.EE D CALICO. 
 
 1ft 6m square. 2ft 6m square. 
 
 321 I 10/ I 12/ I 6/ || 14/6 I 17/ I 7/6 
 
 322 | 10/ I 12/ I 6/ || 14/6 | 17/ | 7/6 
 
 ILLUMINATED BANNERS 
 
 ON PEEPAEED CLOTH. 
 
 2ft by \ft 4m. oft by 1ft 10m. 
 
 810 
 
 9/ 
 
 11/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 12/6 
 
 15/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 311 
 
 8/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 11/6 
 
 14/ 
 
 7/ 
 
 312 
 
 8/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 12/ 
 
 14/6 
 
 7/6 
 
 313 
 
 9/ 
 
 11/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 12/6 
 
 15/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 314 
 
 10/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 6/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 16/6 
 
 8/6 
 
 315 
 
 9/ 
 
 11/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 12/6 
 
 15/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 316 
 
 9/ 
 
 11/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 12/6 
 
 15/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 317 
 
 10/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 <V 
 
 14/ 
 
 16/6 
 
 8/6 
 
 318 
 
 9/ 
 
 11/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 12/6 
 
 15/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 319 
 
 10/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 <?/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 16/6 
 
 8/6 
 
 320 
 
 15/ 
 
 17/6 
 
 8/6 
 
 19/ 
 
 22/ 
 
 11/ 
 
 HARVEST DEVICES 
 
 ON PEEPAEED CLOTH. 
 
 1 ft 6m square. 2ft 6m square. 
 
 321 | 12/6 I 15/ j 8/ || 18/ j 21/ | 11/ 
 822 | 12/6 ! 15/ | 8/ || 18/ ,| 21/ | 11/ 
 
 The pointed-shaped Banners Nos. 311 and 312 
 are longer than sizes quoted above. 
 
 For prices of the Poles and Cord see next page 
 
 ILLUMINATED BANNERS 
 
 ON PEEPAEED CALICO. 
 
 2ft. 2m. by 1ft. 4m. 
 
 Zft. by Xf%. 10m. 
 
 No. 
 
 'R . 
 
 R S° 
 
 M ' 
 
 MAS 
 
 |<~f 
 
 R $2 
 
 M8 
 
 Ph ^R rn 
 in 
 
 1 -d 
 
 £.3 
 
 lis 
 
 •2-| 
 W So 
 
 
 
 d 
 
 3 "81 
 
 R 
 
 M 
 
 323 
 324 
 325 
 326 
 327 
 328 
 329 
 830 
 831 
 332 
 333 
 334 
 
 7 /fi 
 10/6 
 
 7/0 
 11/6 
 17/6 
 15/ 
 10/6 
 10/6 
 10/6 
 17/6 
 10/6 
 17/6 
 
 9/6 
 12/6 
 
 9/6 
 13/6 
 21/ 
 17/6 
 12/6 
 12/6 
 12/6 
 21/ 
 12/6 
 21/ 
 
 6/6 
 5? 
 7/6 
 11/6 
 
 9/ 
 6/6 
 6/6 
 6/6 
 
 11/6 
 6/6 
 
 11/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 13/6 
 10/6 
 14/6 
 21/ 
 18/ 
 13/6 
 13/6 
 13/6 
 21/ 
 13/6 
 |21/ 
 
 1 9 /A 
 
 16/ 
 
 12/6 
 
 17/ 
 
 25/ 
 
 21/ 
 
 16/ 
 
 16/ 
 
 16/ 
 
 25/ 
 
 16/ 
 
 25/ 
 
 8/6 
 
 •7 
 
 9/6 
 
 13/6 
 
 11/ 
 
 8/6 
 8/6 
 8/6 
 
 13/6 
 8/6 
 
 13/6 
 
 
 ILLUMINATED 
 
 BANN 
 
 ER3 
 
 
 
 
 ON PEEPARED 
 
 CLOTH. 
 
 
 
 323 
 324 
 325 
 326 
 327 
 328 
 329 
 330 
 331 
 332 
 833 
 334 
 
 10/6 
 
 14/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 15/ 
 
 22/ 
 
 19/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 22/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 22/ 
 
 12/6 
 
 16/6 
 
 12/6 
 
 17/6 
 
 26/ 
 
 22/ 
 
 16/6 
 
 16/6 
 
 16/6 
 
 26/ 
 
 16/6 
 
 26/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 8/ 
 6/6 
 
 9/ 
 13/6 
 10/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 8/ 
 8/ 
 
 13/6 
 8/ 
 
 13/6 
 
 14/6 
 
 18/ 
 
 14/6 
 
 19/ 
 
 26/ 
 
 23/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 26/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 26/ 
 
 17/ 
 21/ 
 
 17/ 
 
 22/ 
 
 31/6 
 
 27/ 
 
 21/ 
 
 21/ 
 
 21/ 
 
 31/6 
 
 21/ 
 
 31/6 
 
 8/6 
 10/6 
 
 8/6 
 11/6 
 14/6 
 11/6 
 10/6 
 10/6 
 10/6 
 16/ 
 10/6 
 16/ 
 
 The above quotations do not include Poles 
 or cord. 
 
 The price of the cross pole painted blue 
 with gilt ends including cord is 3/6, or if 
 with colored ends including cord 2/6 for either 
 sized banner. 
 
 Upright poles painted blue with gilt terminals 
 6ft, long 3/6 each, 8ft. long 4/- each, with 
 colored terminals 3/- and 3/6 each. 
 
 All orders should state whether poles are 
 required or not. 
 
Plate 21. 
 
 Plate 22. 
 
 ILLUMINATED TEXTS. 
 
 ON PEEP ABED CALICO. 
 
 ON PBEPAEED CLOTH 
 
 No. 
 
 Length. 
 
 Plainly 
 Illuminated 
 in Colors. 
 
 Eichly Illu- 
 minated in 
 Colors & Gold. 
 
 Outlined 
 ready for 
 Illumination. 
 
 Plainly i 
 Illuminated { 
 in Colors. 1 
 
 Richly Illu- 
 minated in 
 Colors & Gold. 
 
 Outlined 
 reac^y for 
 Illumination. 
 
 335 
 
 3ft 
 
 3/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 2/3 
 
 5/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 
 
 oft 
 
 4/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 5/6 
 7/ 
 
 
 7ft 
 
 6/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 12/6 
 
 336 
 
 6ft 
 
 6/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 13/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 
 9ft 
 
 8/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 6/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 17/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 
 12ft 
 
 10/ 
 
 12/6 
 
 7/6 
 
 17/8 
 
 21/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 337 
 
 9ft- 
 
 8/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 6/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 17/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 - »> 
 
 12ft 
 
 10/ 
 
 12/6 
 
 7/6 
 
 17/6 
 
 21/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 
 15ft 
 
 12/ 
 
 15/ 
 
 3/ 
 
 20/ 
 
 24/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 J! 
 
 18ft 
 
 14/ 
 
 17/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 23/ 
 
 28/ 
 
 16/6 
 
 338 
 
 9ft 
 
 7/ 
 
 0/ 
 
 5/ 
 
 13/ 
 
 15/6 
 
 9/ 
 
 M 
 
 12ft 
 
 9/ 
 
 H/ 
 13/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 16/ 
 
 19/ 
 
 11/ 
 
 ?» 
 
 15ft 
 
 10/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 22/ 
 
 13/ 
 
 ?? 
 
 18ft 
 
 12/ 
 
 15/6 
 
 9/ 
 
 1 
 
 20/ 
 
 24/ 
 
 14/6 
 
 The texts 335, 336 and 337 can be supplied 
 plainly illuminated, without border, suitable for 
 surrounding with evergreens, at the same price 
 as quoted for " outlined ready for illumination." 
 
 PREPARED CLOTH OR CALICO, 
 
 WITH BORDER READY FOR AMATEURS TO FILL 
 IN ANY TEXT REQUIRED. 
 
 ON PREPARED CALICO. 
 
 339 Plainly illuminated 1/4 per yard. 
 
 Richly 
 
 340 Plainly 
 „ Richly 
 
 341 Plainly 
 „ Richly 
 
 1/10 
 1/6 
 
 2/ 
 2/ 
 2/6 
 
 ON PREPARED CLOTH. 
 
 339 Plainly illuminated 2/6 per yard. 
 
 „ Richly „ 3/ 
 
 340 Plainly „ 2/9 
 
 „ Eichly „ 3/3 
 
 341 Plainly „ 3/3 
 
 „ Richly „ 3/9 
 
 If the lettering for texts is sketched ready 
 for writing, Nos. 339 and 340 would be 9d., 
 and No. 341 1/ per yard extra. 
 
 Kos. 339 and 340 are Wins wide. 
 Nos. 341 is 14m3 wide. 
 
 ILLUMINATED TEXTS, 
 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 A 
 o 
 
 Plainly % 
 Illuminated ' £ 
 in Colors. i g 
 
 Richly Illu- : 
 minated in £ 
 Colors & Gold. g 
 Outlined ! ? 
 ready for 
 Illumination. 1 
 
 ON PBEPAEED 
 
 g q-t,0 
 
 C iffi H O 
 1 1 ° 
 
 
 
 PS 
 
 342 
 
 9ft 
 
 on/ 
 
 or. / 
 
 10/ 
 
 66/ 
 
 ACM 
 
 40/ 
 
 21/ 
 
 9» 
 
 12ft 
 
 9^ / 
 
 Q1 !t\ 
 
 
 60/ 
 
 40/ 
 
 25/ 
 
 ■>» 
 
 15ft 
 
 on i 
 ou/ 
 
 37/6 
 
 
 AA 1 
 
 44/ 
 
 54/ 
 
 30/ 
 
 
 18ft 
 
 oc / 
 ODj 
 
 A A 1 
 
 44/ 
 
 9A / 
 
 26/ 
 
 PA / 
 OU/ 
 
 02/ 
 
 35/ 
 
 343 
 
 9ft 
 
 16/ 
 
 20/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 28/ 
 
 35/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 
 12ft 
 
 20/ 
 
 25/ 
 
 15/ 
 
 35/ 
 
 42/ 
 
 22/ 
 
 „ 
 
 15ft 
 
 24/ 
 
 30/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 40/ 
 
 48/ 
 
 26/ 
 
 »i 
 
 18ft 
 
 28/ 
 
 35/ 
 
 21/ 
 
 413/ 
 
 56/ 
 
 30/ 
 
 344 
 
 Oft 
 
 14/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 24/ 
 
 31/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 ?» 
 
 12ft 
 
 18/ 
 
 22/ 
 
 13/6 
 
 30/ 
 
 38/ 
 
 20/ 
 
 }• 
 
 15ft 
 
 21/ 
 
 27/ 
 
 16/ 
 
 36/ 
 
 45/ 
 
 24/ 
 
 
 18ft 
 
 24/ 
 
 31/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 42/ 
 
 52/ 
 
 28/ 
 
 345 
 
 9ft 
 
 14/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 10/0 
 
 24/ 
 
 31/ 
 
 16/ 
 
 »» 
 
 12ft 
 
 18/ 
 
 22/ 
 
 13/6 
 
 30/ 
 
 38/ 
 
 20/ 
 
 >» 
 
 15ft 
 
 21/ 
 
 27/ 
 
 16/ 
 
 86/ 
 
 45/ 
 
 24/ 
 
 »5 
 
 18ft 
 
 24/ 
 
 31/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 42/ 
 
 52/ 
 
 28/ 
 
Plate 24. 
 
 ARCH TEXTS. 
 
 ON PREPARED 
 
 CALICO. 
 
 ON PREPARE D 
 
 CLOTH. 
 
 No. 
 
 Plainly 
 Illuminated 
 in Colors. 
 
 Richly Illu- 
 minated in 
 Colors & Gold. 
 
 Outlined 
 ready for 
 Illumination. 
 
 Plainly 
 Illuminated 
 in Colors. 
 
 Richly Illu- 
 minated hi 
 Colors & Gold. 
 
 Outlined 
 ready for 
 Illumination. 
 
 346 
 
 pr. ft 
 
 1/2 
 
 1/6 
 
 0/11 
 
 2/ 
 
 2/6 
 
 1/4 
 
 347a 
 
 
 V 
 
 1/3 
 
 0/9 
 
 1/8 
 
 2/ 
 
 1/2 
 
 347b 
 
 
 0/10 
 
 Vi 
 
 0/8 
 
 1/4 
 
 1/8 
 
 1/ 
 
 348 
 
 
 1/2 
 
 1/6 
 
 0/11 
 
 2/ 
 
 2/6 
 
 1/4 
 
 349 
 
 
 1/ 
 
 1/3 
 
 0/9 
 
 1/8 
 
 2/ 
 
 1/2 
 
 350 
 
 
 1/ 
 
 1/3 
 
 0/9 
 
 1/8 
 
 2/ 
 
 1/2 
 
 351 
 
 
 1/2 
 
 1/6 
 
 0/11 
 
 2/ 
 
 2/6 
 
 1/4 
 
 352 or 353 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3It by 2ft 
 
 8/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 12/6 
 
 15/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 5ft by 3 ft 
 
 12/6 
 
 15/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 17/6 
 
 21/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 The arch texts can be supplied plainly 
 illuminated without border at the same price 
 as quoted for "outlined ready for illumination." 
 
 In ordering texts for arches of any of the 
 foregoing designs except No. 348 it will be 
 sufficient to give the size across the arch and 
 its height, but when the text has to follow the 
 curve of the arch the sizes bhould be given as 
 indicated on the diagram shewn on design No. 
 348, viz., A to B, B to 0, and D to E, the latter 
 i gives the radius pretty accurately. Orders 
 i should state whether an allowance is to be 
 made for mouldings beyond the dimensions 
 given , and if so, how much . Where practicable 
 however to ensure fitting the arch exactly, it is 
 best to have a paper pattern taken and sent in 
 addition to the above dimensions. 
 
 ILLUMINATED DEVICES, 
 
 Two Feet high. 
 
 03f 
 
 PREPARED CALICO. 1 
 
 OS PBBPAEBD CLOTH. 
 
 No. 
 
 Plainly 
 Illuminated 
 in Colors. 
 
 Richly Illu- 
 minated in 
 Colors & Gold. 
 
 Outlined 
 ready for 
 Illumination. 
 
 Plainly 
 Illuminated 
 in Colors. 
 
 Richly Illu- 
 minated in 
 Colors & Gold. 
 
 Outlined 
 ready for 
 Illumination. 
 
 354 
 
 15/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 21/ 
 
 25/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 355 
 
 15/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 21/ 
 
 25/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 356 
 
 12/ 
 
 14/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 17/ 
 
 21/ 
 
 9/6 
 
 357 
 
 9/6 
 
 11/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 13/6 
 
 16/6 
 
 -8/ 
 
 358 
 
 12/ 
 
 14/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 »7/ 
 
 21/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 359 
 
 8/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 4/ 
 
 11/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 6/ 
 
 360 
 
 9/6 
 
 11/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 13/6 
 
 16/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 361 
 
 11/ 
 
 13/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 16/ 
 
 20/ 
 
 9/6 
 
 362 
 
 
 11/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 13/6 
 
 16/6 
 
 8/ 
 
 
 
 Three Feet high. 
 
 
 
 354 
 
 19/6 
 
 23/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 26/ 
 
 30/ 
 
 13/6 
 
 355 
 
 19/6 
 
 23/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 26/ 
 
 30/ 
 
 13/6 
 
 356 
 
 16/ 
 
 20/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 22/ 
 
 27/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 357 
 
 14/ 
 
 17/6 
 
 7/6 
 
 18/6 
 
 22/6 
 
 10/ 
 
 358 
 
 17/ 
 
 21/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 24/ 
 
 30/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 359 
 
 12/ 
 
 15/ 
 
 5/6 
 
 16/ 
 
 20/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 360 
 
 14/ 
 
 17/6 
 
 7/6 
 
 18/6 
 
 22/6 
 
 10/ 
 
 361 
 
 15/6 
 
 19/ 
 
 8/6 
 
 22/ 
 
 27/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 862 
 
 14/ 
 
 17/6 
 
 i 7/6 
 
 18/6 
 
 22/6 
 
 10/ 
 
Plate 25. 
 
 ILLUMINATED DEVICES 
 
 One foot high. 
 
 ON CABDBOABD OB CALICO. 
 
 
 At 
 
 illu- 
 d in 
 Gold. 
 
 led 
 for 
 
 n3 
 
 Illu- 
 
 d in 
 Gold. 
 
 i- el 
 
 ^ o 2 
 
 No. 
 
 Plain 
 Illuniin 
 in Col< 
 
 Richly 
 minate 
 Colors & 
 
 Outlii 
 ready 
 Illumim 
 
 Plain 
 Illumii] 
 in Col( 
 
 Richly 
 minate 
 Colors & 
 
 Outlin 
 ready 
 Illumina 
 
 ON" PBEPABED CLOTH. 
 
 303 
 
 364 
 365 
 366 
 367 
 368 
 369 
 370 
 
 363 
 364 
 365 
 366 
 367 
 368 
 369 
 370 
 
 363 
 364 
 365 
 366 
 367 
 368 
 369 
 370 
 
 5/6 
 5/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 8/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 7/6 
 7/6 
 
 »/ 
 10/6 
 
 8/6 
 9/ 
 6/6 
 6/6 
 
 3/ 
 3/ 
 4/ 
 5/ 
 3/5 
 
 4/ 
 
 2/6 
 
 2/6 
 
 8/6 
 8/6 
 
 10/ 
 
 11/6 
 9/6 
 
 10/ 
 6/6 
 6/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 18/ 
 
 14/6 
 
 12/6 
 
 13/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 One foot six inches high. 
 
 v 
 v 
 
 8/6 
 10/ 
 
 8/ 
 8/6 
 
 6/ 
 6/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 8/ 
 10/6 
 12/6 
 10/ 
 10/0 
 
 7/ 
 
 V 
 
 9/6 
 9/6 
 
 U/ 
 
 12/6 
 10/6 
 
 11/ 
 
 8/6 
 8/6 
 
 4/ 
 4/ 
 5/ 
 
 6/ 
 4/6 
 
 5/ 
 
 8/6 
 
 3/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 10/6 
 
 12/ 
 
 18/6 
 
 11/6 
 
 12/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 10/6 
 10/6 
 13/6 
 15/6 
 13/ 
 13/6 
 9/6 
 9/6 
 
 4/6 
 4/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 6/ 
 
 4/6 
 
 4/6 
 
 12/6 
 
 12/6 
 
 14/6 
 
 17/6 
 
 14/ 
 
 14/6 
 
 IV 
 
 11/ 
 
 13/6 
 
 13/6 
 
 15/ 
 
 16/6 
 
 14/6 
 
 15/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 15/ 
 
 15/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 21/ 
 
 17/6 
 
 18/ 
 
 13/6 
 
 13/6 
 
 4/6 
 4/6 
 5/6 
 6/6 
 4/6 
 5/6 
 3/6 
 3/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 5/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 8/ 
 
 6/6 
 
 7/ 
 
 5/ 
 5/ 
 
 7/6 
 7/6 
 9/ 
 10/6 
 
 9/ 
 9/ 
 7/6 
 7/6 
 
 The Devices— No. 363, with scroll left blank 
 for any text wished, and No. 364, are supplied 
 printed in outline, two feet high, on cardboard, 
 at 3s. each. 
 
 Plate 26. 
 
 HARVEST TEXT AND DOMESTIC 
 CHRISTMAS DECORATIONS. 
 
 371 — As drawn -with Flowers, <J'c, Illuminated. 
 
 9ft 
 
 i. 
 
 16/ 
 
 20/ 
 
 12/ 1 
 
 28/ 
 
 35/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 12ft 
 
 20/ 
 
 25/ 
 
 15/ 
 
 35/ 
 
 42/ 
 
 22/ 
 
 15ft 
 
 24/ 
 
 30/ 
 
 18/ 
 
 40/ 
 
 48/ 
 
 26/ 
 
 18ft 
 
 28/ 
 
 35/ 
 
 21/ 1 
 
 46/ 
 
 56/ 
 
 30/ 
 
 371— 
 
 Text on 
 
 ly, without Flowers. 
 
 
 
 9ft 
 
 8/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 V ! 
 
 14/ 
 
 17/ 
 
 10/ 
 
 12ft 
 
 10/ 
 
 12/6 
 
 7/6 | 
 
 17/6 
 
 21/ 
 
 12/ 
 
 15ft 
 
 12/ 
 
 15/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 20/ 
 
 24/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 18ft 
 
 14/ 
 
 17/6 
 
 10/6 1 
 
 23/ 
 
 28/ 
 
 16/6 
 
 372 or 373— 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3ft 
 
 7/ 
 
 9/ 
 
 4/6 1 
 
 11/ 
 
 14/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 5ft 
 
 9/6 
 
 11/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 15/6 
 
 19/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 7ft 
 
 12/6 
 
 15/6 
 
 9/ 1 
 
 20/ 
 
 24/ 
 
 13/6 
 
 Plate 26 (Continued) 
 
 HARVEST TEXT AND DOMESTIC 
 CHRISTMAS DECORATIONS. 
 
 ON CARDBOARD OB CALICO. 
 
 No. 
 
 a -a 
 
 I T3 . 
 
 3 ! o3 o 
 * ! .So 
 
 i 
 
 '!* 
 as 
 
 ^'3 
 
 ON PBBPABED 
 CLOTH. 
 
 a 
 
 •S °° 
 
 1-2 
 £ o 
 
 go 
 
 "3 . 
 H O 
 
 .g el 
 
 el P 
 
 I 
 
 374— As drawn with Wreath Illuminated. 
 
 28/ 
 35/ 
 43/ 
 
 22/ 
 28/ 
 35/ 
 
 6ft long 16/ 21/ 112/ 
 
 9ft „ 20/ 25/ 15/ 
 
 12ft „ 25/ 30/ |l8/6 
 
 374— Without Wreath. 
 
 6ft long (12/6 16/ 10/ 
 
 9ft „ 116/ 20/ 12/ 
 
 12ft „ |20/ 25/ 15/ 
 
 375 — Banner. 
 
 2ft 2 by 1ft 4 [14/ ,17/ , 8/61 18/ 
 3ft by 1ft 10 |l9/ |22/ | 9/6 1 1 23/ 
 
 376 — Banner. 
 
 2ft 2 by Ift 4 110/612/61 6/6 [ 
 3ft by 1ft 10 14/ 1 16/61 8/ || 
 
 Devices 
 
 377— lft 6 high... 10/ 12/6! 6/6 
 2ft „ ... 12/6 15/6| 8/ 
 3ft „ ... 18/6 28/011/6 
 
 378— lft 6 high... 10/ 112/6 6/6 
 2ft „ ... 12/6 15/6 8/ 
 3ft „ ... 18/6|23/ 11/6 
 
 379— lft 6 high... 11/614/ 7/ 
 
 2ft 14/ 17/ 9/ 
 
 3ft 20/ 25/ 13/ 
 
 35/ 
 43/ 
 52/6 
 
 28/ 
 35/ 
 42/ 
 
 21/ 
 27/ 
 
 13/6:16/ 
 18/ 121/ 
 
 13/6 16/6 
 17/ 20/ 
 25/ 1 29/6 
 
 13/6 16/6 
 17/ 20/ 
 26/ 29/6 
 
 15/ 18/ 
 
 18/6 
 27/ 
 
 22/ 
 31/6 
 
 18/ 
 
 22/ 
 27/ 
 
 15/ 
 18/ 
 
 22/ 
 
 10/ 
 11/6 
 
 ; 8/6 
 10/6 
 
 8/6 
 10/6 
 15/ 
 
 8/6 
 10/6 
 15/ 
 
 9/6 
 
 11/ 
 
 16/6 
 
 380. — Device as drawn, all Illuminated. 
 
 3ft Ions 
 5ft 
 7ft 
 
 380. — Scroll only, omitting Grown. 
 
 14/ 
 
 17/6 
 
 21/ 
 
 17/6 
 21/ 
 
 25/ 
 
 9/6 
 11/61 
 13/6| 
 
 20/ 23/612/6 
 
 25/ 
 30/ 
 
 29/ 
 36/ 
 
 16/ 
 20/ 
 
 3ft long 
 
 7/6 
 
 9/ 
 
 ■ 5/ 1 
 
 11/ 114/ 
 
 7/6 
 
 5ft „ 
 
 9/6 
 
 11/6 
 15/6 
 
 6/6 
 
 15/619/ 
 
 10/6 
 
 7ft , 
 
 12/6 
 
 9/ 1 
 
 20/ [24/ 
 
 13/6 
 
 No. 381. — Chromo-Lithographcd Motto, in 3 
 glazed oak frames. Total length 5ft. 2in. 2 Is. 
 No. 382. — Suggestion for forming text of 
 letters, covered with everlasting flowers. See 
 Plate 18. 
 
 The Prices for the Banners Nos. 297 and 298, 
 
 do not include poles, see page 11. 
 In place of the Scripture Text indicated on 
 design No. 380, some such motto as the follow- 
 ing might be substituted : 
 
 " Welcome the coming, speed the parting Guest" 
 or, 
 
 "None come too early, none return too late" 
 
MATERIALS FOR ILLUMINATED DECORATIONS. 
 
 Boxes of Colors, mixed and prepared tor use, No. 1, 7s. 6d. ; No. 2, 10s. 6d. 
 No. 1 contains 6 pots of color, red, black, blue, white, green and brown, 
 
 1 bottle of turpentine and 6 brushes. 
 No. 2 contains in addition to the foregoing, 2 larger brushes, one bottle of 
 gold size, one of liquid gold and one of liquid silver ; or, if pre- 
 ferred, 2 books of gold leaf instead of the liquid gold and silver. 
 Pots of Color prepared for use, Vermillion, Is. 6d. ; other colors, Is. each. 
 Gold Size for applying leaf gold or bronze powder, 6d. per bottle. 
 Gold Leaf. Best quality, Is. 6d. per book. Bronze J'owder, 6d. per packet. 
 Liquid Gold or Silver, for Amateurs' use, either with quill pen or brush ; in 
 bottles, first size, Is., second size, 2s. per bottle. 
 
 Crystal Frosty Is. per packet. This new material is used ina great variety of decora- 
 tions. The best way of applying it to silk, paper, etc., is with a little clear liquid gum. 
 \ Camel Hair Pencils. — Small sizes, Is. per dozen ; larger, 2s. per dozen; large 
 Camel hair brushes, for filling in color, 6d. each. Sable Pencils. — (id and Is. each. 
 Gilders' Kit, — For using leaf gold ; consisting of cushion, knife and brushes, 3s. 6d. 
 Extra Stout Zinc, — painted with four coats of color, and prepared for decoration, 
 Is. per square foot. Zinc Tablets can be prepared to any size or shape required, and 
 the writing and ornaments set out on them ready for Amateurs to illuminate. 
 
 Prepared Cloth, — ') feet 6 inches wide, painted ready lor decoration. 4s. 6d. per 
 yard, or cut to any size 6d. per square foot. 
 
 Prepared Calico. — Superior quality, 37 inches wide, Is. per yard. 
 Stout Cartoon Paper. — 4 feet 6 ins. wide. Is. per yard. For texts, 10£ inches wide, 
 I 3d. per yard, 13£ inches wide, 4d. per yard ; 18£ ins. wide 5d. per yard. If cut 
 to special widths the prices will be Id. per yard more. 
 
 The " Cartoon pnper"is very superior to fcfc Lining paper " for decorative purposes. 
 Stout Lining Paper, — Width 22 ins, Is. 4d per piece ; 30 ins 2s. per piece. 
 Plain Cardboard in sheets 24 by 18, 5s. per dozen ; 24 by 24, 8s. pur duz<;n • 
 36 by 36, 2s. 6d. per sheet. Painted in oil any color 24 by 18, 10s. per dozen ; j 
 24 by 24, 15s. per dozen ; 36 by 36, 4s. per sheet. 
 Straw Boards 33 by 25, 6s. per dozen. 
 
 FABRICS. &c, FOR DECORATIONS. 
 
 Cotton Velvets 22 .£ ins wide good quality, white 3s. Od. other colors, 3s. per yard. 
 
 Cloth, 2 yards wide, suitable for decoration, crimson, 10s. 6d. per yard ; white or 
 gold color (superior quality) 1 8s. per yard. 
 
 White Long Cloth, superior quality, 1 yard wide, Is per yard ; colored long cloth 
 of good quality, 81 inches wide, dark crimson, blue, or pink, 30d. per yard ; Fine 
 Holland, 36 inches wide, Is. Id. per yard. 
 
 Worsted Binding — Green or any other color Is. 9d. per dozen yards. 
 
 Worsted Cord in any two colors, 4d. per yard, 
 
 Tracing Braid, for outlining, r gold or crimson and gold, Is. per dozen yards. 
 Colored Paper, good quality, crimson, 6d. per yard. 5s. per piece of 12 yards ; 
 bine, 6d. per yard, 5s. per piece black, 6d. per yard, 5s, per piece 
 Imitation Gold or Silver Paper, Is. per sheet. 
 
 Flock Papers of good quality, crimson, black, or green, Is. per yard; or 
 lis. per piece of 12 yards. Blue Is. 2d. per yard, or 12s. Gd. per piece. 
 Cotton Wool, good quality in large sheets 6d. per sheet. 
 
 EVERLASTING FLOWERS {Gnaphaliums.) 
 The large and increa sing demand for these flowers for Church decorations, has 
 enabled Messrs. Cox & Sox to have them imported for them, and they arc 
 supplied in the large full size bunches, about 8 or 9 inches diameter, as received 
 from abroad, (not reduced i size as ia frequently done,) at the following prices : — 
 
 
 Per bunch. 
 
 er doz. bn 
 
 iclies. 
 
 Per bunch. 
 
 Per doz. bunches 
 
 YBLLuW 
 
 u. 
 
 ... 10s 
 
 6d. 
 
 Orange or Light Red 
 
 Is. Gd. 
 
 ... 16s. 
 
 GilEEN 
 
 U 6d- 
 
 ... 17s 
 
 
 Black 
 
 Is. 6.1. 
 
 ... 17s. 
 
 Spotted Yellow Is id. 
 
 ... 17s. 
 
 
 Spotted Red 
 
 Is. Gd. 
 
 ... 17s. 
 
 Crimson 
 
 u ed. 
 
 ... 18s. 
 
 6d. 
 
 Blue 
 
 2 s. 
 
 ... 22s 
 
 Lilac 
 
 2s. 
 
 ... 22s 
 
 
 Violet 
 
 2s. 
 
 ... 22s. 
 
 Pink 
 
 2s. 
 
 ... 2 '«. 
 
 
 Purple 
 
 2 s. 
 
 22 s. 
 
 SOLFERINO . 
 
 2 
 
 s. 
 
 
 Magenta 
 
 2>. 
 
 22s.' 
 
 
 Mixed b 
 
 ancb all colors, Is. 8d. per bunch. 
 
 
 
 A brcncJi of either of the abor e forwarded free by sample post, op. receipt of the 
 price, with four pence extra fo" postage. 
 
The monotony produced by the use of evergreens only, for wreaths, &c., is much 
 relieved by the introduction of a few everlasting flowers. 
 
 Large Everlasting Flowers, (llelichrysums). These flowers are about the size of 
 a florin, and Jook well used in conjunction with the small everlastings; thus, in 
 decorating a double triangle with the small flowers, if one of the large ones of a 
 different color were put at each intersection, and at the six points, it would greatly 
 improve the appearance of the device. 
 
 Small bunches mixed colors, 6d. per bunch. 
 
 Fine flowers, assorted colors, 6d. per dozen. 
 
 IMITATION HOLLY BERRIES AND LEAVES, AND DRIED MOSS. 
 
 Large Size imitation Holly Berries, 6d. per gross; 12 gross, 5s, 6d. ; 24 gross, 
 10s. ; 50 gross, 20s. A sample gross forwarded on receipt of nine stamps. 
 
 The small size berries can be supplied at 4d. per gross, but they are not found 
 nearly so useful or effective for decorations. 
 
 Green Holly or Ivy leaves, small size, Is. per gross; or, 10s. 6d. per dozen gross. 
 
 Do. „ large size, Is. 6d. „ „ 16s. „ 
 
 Variegated Holly leaves, 2s. per gross; or, 22s. per dozen gross. 
 
 Imitation Wreaths. Wreaths one yard long made with the above leaves and berries, 
 Green Holly or Ivy, Is. each; Variegated Holly, Is. 6d. 
 
 French Dried M oss, 6d. per packet ; or 5s. per dozen packets. 
 
 FRESH CUT FLOWERS. 
 
 Messrs. Cox & Son will give careful and punctual attention to commissions to 
 procure Camellias or other flowers, and they will be charged at the current mar- 
 ket prices. Trices cannot be quoted in this list as they are so fluctuating. 
 
 Imitation Flowers. White paper roses, 2s. 6d. per dozen; white paper camellias, 
 3s. per dozen ; pink paper roses, 3s. per dozen ; pink paper camellias, 3s. 6d. per dozen. 
 
 Best Imitation lioses (Linen) White 6s. per dozen. Tink 7s. per dozen. 
 
 Best Imit ation Camellias (Linen) White 7s. per dozen, Pink 8s. per dozen. 
 
 If the abov e have a bud and leaves as well as the flower, the price will be 75 
 ! per cent, extra. 
 
 Passion Flowers, of superior make, large size, 2s. 6d. each ; small size, 2s. each. 
 White Lillies .. „ natural size, Is. 6d. each. 
 
 Daisies, large size, Is. per dozen ; small size, 9d. per dozen. 
 
 SUNDRIES. 
 
 Per bundle. ] Per bundle. 
 
 Stout Copper Wire .. 1<. Stout Iron Wire ... fid. 
 
 Fine ., ,, .. !)d. 1 Fine „ 4d. 
 
 Fine Wire, as used by artificial flower makers, black, 6d. per reel; green, 
 Is. per reel. 
 
 Perforated Zinc, 6d. per square foot ; or cut in stripes £ inch wide, 3d. per yard ; 
 or 1 inch wide, 5d, per yard. 
 
 Hoop Iron Clij)s, with a band of perforated zinc, can be supplied to fit any 
 sized column, so as to avoid driving nails into the stone caps ; 1 foot diameter, or 
 less, Is. 6d. ; 1 foot 6 inches, 2s. ; 2 feet, 2s. 6d. ; 2 feet 6 inches, 3s.; 3 feet, 3s. 6d. | 
 
 Brass Fins with steel points, (similar to large drawing pins) for fastening up 
 texts or devices, 7d. per dozen ; or, 6s. 6d. per gross. Superior Quality, 7/6 per gross. 
 
 Fine Pointed Black Tacks, 4d. per packet. Copper Tacks, 9d. per packet. 
 
 Font Cover — Wrought Iron frame 6 feet high, as a ground work for a decorated 
 Font Cover, 10s. 6d. ; or, 4 feet high, 7s. 6d. 
 
 Laths. 6 ft. long, 1 in. wide 2s, per doz. ; 6 ft. long. 1£ ins. wide, 2s. 6d. per doz. 
 
 These laths will bend easily, and can be screwed together to form any length. 
 
 Zinc Water Troughs for holding cut flowers, made to any shape or size required. 
 For standing in bowls of Fonts one is made in the shape of a Cross, 1 foot 6 inches 
 long, with a wooden cross perforated with holes through which the flowers can be 
 passed to float in it ; price 7s. 6d. ; other sizes at proportionate prices. 
 
 Flower Holders for water, the shape of an inverted cone, with wire hook to attach 
 to decorations, for cut-flowers, unpainted, Is. 6d. ; painted green, 2s. 6d.; or, with 
 gilt fleurs-de-lis, 6s. per dozen. 
 
 Wireframes with 12 holders fixed on them to fit into flower vases, 4s. 6d. each. 
 
 Flower Vases, a sheet of designs and prices forwarded on application. 
 
28 & 29, Southaa/tpton Street, Strand. 
 
 Stained Glass Works-43 & 44, MAIDEN LANE, 
 (Adjoining the Show Rooms,) 
 Wood and Stone Carving, Gothic. Metal, and Monumental Works— 
 COLLEGE WHARF, BELVEDERE ROAD, LAMBETH, 
 (3rd Wharf west of Charing Cross Bridge.) 
 Show Rooms— 28 & 29, SOUTHAMPTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON. I 
 
 CATALOGUE~0^ 
 
 With 680 Designs for Church Furniture, Gothic Metal-work, Decorations, Carpets, 
 Hangings, Embroidery, &c, by eminent Church Architects and others, forwarded 
 
 for Six Stamps. 
 
 Messrs. Cox & Son's prices will be found as moderate as is consistent with the 
 use of the best materials and first-class workmanship. 
 
 CATALOGUE™^ GLASS, 
 
 JUST PUBLISHED. 
 
 Containing 80 Designs and a List of nearly 100 Churches in which Stained Glass 
 Windows have been Erected by them, forwarded for Six Stamps. 
 
 The beautiful ancient art of Staining and Painting Glass, which had at one 
 period fallen into oblivion, has, within the last few years, experienced a general 
 revival ; and there is now a large demand for windows of artistic merit. The 
 designs and Scale of Prices are published in order to. enable Clergyman and 
 others interested, to form a tolerably correct estimate of the expense of 
 filling Windows with Stained Glass. 
 
 The Cartoons for the Figures in the Windows executed by Messrs. Cox & Son, 
 are prepared by an Artist who has devoted his life to the study of this branch of 
 art, and has spent many years on the Continent studying the Works of the old 
 
 Masters. 
 
 CATALOGUF^OFI^UMENTS, 
 
 With numerous Designs for Monuments, Tombs, Tomb Rails, Mural Tablets, 
 Monumental Brasses, Head Stones, &>c, from original designs by the following 
 architects :— W. S. Barber, G. Goldie, J. T. Irvine, A. Smith, S. W. Tracy, 
 B. J. Talbert, Willson and Nicholl, and M. Digby Wyatt, Esquires, 
 forwarded on receipt of Six Stamps. 
 The modern progress of Ecclesiology has led to a general condemnation of the 
 barbarous taste which formerly prevailed with respect to Monuments in Churches 
 and Churchyards, and to a desire for the adoption of more correct forms. The 
 previous editions were published as contributions towards the supply of this 
 desideratum, and, as they met with so much success and so many expressions 1 
 of approbation, Messrs. Cox & Son have been induced to publish this new and 
 I enlarged edition with a great number of additional Engravings. 
 
 The various processes of manufacture being executed under the immediate 
 superintendance of Messrs. Cox & Son at their own workshops, they can com- I 
 bine economy of production with excellency of workmanship and materials. | 
 
THfc GETTY CENUK 
 LIBRARY