I %0 M I- i ORIGINAL DESIGNS I N ARCHITECTURE; CONSISTING OF PLANS, ELEVATIONS, AND SECTIONS, FOR VILLAS, MANSIONS, TOWN-HOUSES, &c. AND A NEW DESIGN FOR A THEATRE. WITH Defcriptions, and Explanations of the Plates, and an Introdu6lion to the Work. By JAMES LEWIS. B (Q OKI. L a 'N DON. PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR. M DCC LXXX. DISEGNI ORIGINALI D I ARCHITETTURA: CONSISTENTI IN PIANTE, ELEVAZIONI, E SPACCATI DI VARIE CASE DI CAMPAGNA, E DI CITTÀ; CON UN PROGETTO DI UN TEATRO. PRECEDUTI Da una Introduzione, ed accompagnati dalle neceflarie Spiegazioni. Da GIACOMO LEWIS. LIBRO 1. LONDRA A SPESE D E L L' , AUTORE. M DCC LXXX. 8 4 I 1 li i r • UBSCRIBERS. A. (■>(HARLES Andrews, Efq; ^ Mr. Robert Allam Mr. William Allen, of Dublin, 4 Books Mr. Allen, Builder Mr. J. Allen Mr. William Adams. B. The Right Hon. the Earl of Briftol The Rev. Dr. Bacchus Jofeph Blake, Efq; of the County of Gal way- Ed ward Buckley Batfon, Efq; Edward David Batfon, Efqj Edward Pery Buckley, Efq; Cornelius Bolton, Junr. Efq; of Waterford John Bowdler, Efq; John Codrington Warwick Bampfylde, Efq; — Burch> Efq; Jofeph Berwick, Efq; of Worcefter Robert Bourne, Efq; Thomas Blome, Efq; of Carmarthen John Barwis, Efq; Dr. William Barwis, of Devizes Dr. Browne, of Carmarthen James Ballard, Efq; Dr. Bagg Matthew Bloxam, Efq; 10 Books Mr. William Bloxam Mrs. Bloxam James Byers, Efq; Architedt John Bathoe Efq; of Bath Thomas Brown, Efq; Mr. Robert Burton, of Dublin Anthony Barton, Efq; Mr. H. T. Brownrigg Mr. John Bell, Builder Mr. Beatriffe, of Norwich Mr. James Brewer Mr. Barber c. The Right Hon, Lady Coventry His Excellency Signor Cavalli, Venetian Refident Robert Wilfon Cracroft, Efq; William Cracroft, Efq; Henry Collins, Efq; Sir William Chambers, R. A. Comptroller of His Majefty's Works George Colman, Efq; George Carter, Efq; of Galway Richard Coombes, Efq; Carr, Efq; of York, Archited John Cowper, Efq; Signor Tiberio Cavallo, F. R. S. Mr. John Crunden, Archited Signor Colomba, Painter to the Opera Signor Ceracchi, Sculptor. Mr. William Creech Mr. Thomas Clay Thomas Creafar, Efq; Mr. William Clark D. Lieutenant Colonel Duroure Matthew Duane, Efq; F. R. S. Robert Dingley, Efq; The Rev. Robert Henry Dingley George Dance, Efq; R. A. Archite6: to the City of London Dowfett Efq; Richard Dalton, Efq; Librarian to His Majefty, 2 Books Thomas Delamayne, Efq; Mr. Jacquet Droz Mr. Hugh Deane, Painter Mr. Dunlop Mr. Thomas Dearne Mr. William Darling Mr. Francis Davis E. Charles Henry Evans, Efq; Mr. Ebdon, Archited Mr. Ed ridge Mr. Elliott F. Keane Fitzgerald, Junior, Efq; Dr. John Fothergill Freeman, Efq; James Farrer, Efq; Thomas Jeffery French, Efq; Signor Abbate Fontana, &c. at Florence Signor Vincenzo Ferrarefi, Archited: at Naples Mr. Thomas Fulcher, Builder, at Ipfwich Mr. Fletcher Mr. Robert Faulder, 12 Books Mr. John Fulcher, Builder Mr. William Flexney, 2 Books Mr. James Fuller G. John Gawler, Efq; 3 Books The Rev. Mr. Grifdale John Gorham, Efq; Surveyor Mr. Jofeph Gribble Mr. James Gandon, Archited Mr. Edward Groome Mr. Robert Golden, Junior, Surveyor Mr. John Golden Mr. Gibbons H. Henry Hoare, Efq; — . Hoare, Efq; . Horner, Efq; of Somerfetfhirc Samuel Hayes, Efq; The Rev. Mr. Havard, of Carmarthen Edward Holme, Efq; Henry Holland, Efq; Archited Willliam Harrifon, Efq; Mr. George Hurft Mr. Chriftopher Hewetfon, Sculptor at Rome Mr. Haftings Mr. Thomas Harrifon, Archited Mr. John Howe J- Thomas Jones, Efq; of Carmarthen Richard Jupp, Efq; Archited William Jupp, Efq; Archited Richard Jones, Efq; John Jennings, Efq; Mr. William James Phillip King, Efq; John Kinderly, Efq; Theodofius Keene, Efq; Archited Mr. Thomas Keene Mrs. Kitchen a '^1 ( " ) Sir Aflieton Lever, Knight Colonel Nicholas Lech mere Edmund Lechmere, Efq; Steplien Martin Leake, Efq; Lewis Efqj 5 Books Mr. James Lewis, of Brecon Mr. Thomas Lewis Mr. Thomas Leverton, Surveyor Lewis Lochée, Efq; Mr. Charles Edward Lewis, 4 Books Signor Lupino, Painter Mr. Lucas Mr. Lloyd Mr. Lyde Mr. William Levertoii Mr. John Lambert' The Right Hon. James Stuart Mackenzie Signor Don Francefco Milizia, at Rome Signor Conte del Medico Thomas Millar, Efq; Roger Morris^ Efq; John Matthews, Efq; The Rev. Mr. Charles Mayo, at Devizes George March Efq: Manefty Efq; Graham Myers, Efq; Archited of His Majefty s Works in Ireland Signor Molini Mr. Thomas Millar Mr. William Meredith, Junior Mr. Mountford N. S. P. Nickfon, Efq; of ElTex William Newnham, Efq; Richard Norris, Efqj Archited Chriftopher Norris, Efq; Edward Nichols, Efq; Mr. Willim Newton, Archite^ Mr. Phillip Norris Mr. William Norris Mr. John Norris o. Baron Offenberg, of Courland Mr. William Owen, 6 Books Mr. John Oliver P. General Paoli Signor Don Giufeppe Poli Edward Phelips, Efq^ John Peachy, Efq; The Rev. Dr. Powell, of Cardiganfhire 1 nomas Powell, Efq. GiyfFyd Price, Efq; ^Pryce, Efq; The Rev. Mr. Samuel Pickering Mr. Heneage Parker, of Nottingham Signor Pergolefi, Painter Mr. Peacock, Surveyor Mr. Edward Paul Mr. Patience, Surveyor Mr. Robert Pool, of Dublin Mr. William Parry, Painter Mr. Penrofe, of Dublin Mr. Payne, 2 Books Signor Giacomo Quarenghi, Architeli to the Emprefs of Ruffia R. Sir Jofliua Reynolds, Knight, Prefident of the Royal Academy Charles Heathcote Rodes, Efq; of Derbyfliire George Robinfon, Efq; 5 Books Ifaac Read, Efq; Charles Ramus, Efq; Mr. George Robertfon, F. S. A. Painter Signor Rigaud, Painter Mr. C. F. Reinhold Mr. George Richardfon, Archi ted Mr. Archibald Robertfon Mr. John Roberts s. , Phillip Stephens, Efq; James Stephens, Efq; Jofliua Smith, Efq; 2 Books Drummond Smith, Efq; Rowland Stephenfon, Efq; Edward Stephenfon, Efq; James Stuart, Efq; F. R. S. Architeft, 2 Books The Rev. Mr. Schomberg Monf. Seryel, Sculptor to the King of Sweden James Strange, Efq; The Rev. Mr. Scot, of Dublin Mrs. Stephenfon Dr. Spry of Plymouth Dr. Savage Mrs. Stevenfon Signor Saflris Mr. Thomas Scheemaker, Sculptor Mr. George Sandford, Archited Mr. Charles Simes, Surveyor Mr. Slaton T, The late Earl Temple Charles Townley, Efq; Signor Tomafo Temanza, Architea at Venice Monf. Le Texier, Director of the Opera &c. Monf Le Turk Mr. Thomas, Surveyor Monf Le Torre Mr. J. Taylor, 12 Books Mr. William Thompfon Harry Verelft, Efq; V. Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, Baronet ' Francis Wood, Efq; James White, Efq; William Waller, Efq- Mr. Willmot Mr. WlHam Wilfon, of Dublin, 8 Books Signor Waldre, Painter Mr. Wilfon Mr. William Webfter Mr. Wells Mr. William Wamfley PREFACE. PREFAZIONE. FTER fo many Books of Architec- ture, any frefli attempt to augment and illuftrate that Art, affords but an un- promifing afpeft. Many men are induced to conclude, that a fubjeft fo univerfally laboured, muft at length have been exhaufted, and rendered incapable of further improvement or novelty* The Work in hand, it is hoped, will fome- what contribute towards diffipating fo ill- grounded a prejudice ^ which if cherilhed, muft infallibly put a bar to every future advancement of an Art, no lefs replete with utility than variety. Like the combination of founds, which is capable of producing new mufic to infinity ; defign and invention in Architeflure, applied to its firft elements, are in little danger of being exhaufted by the moft acute and per- levering genius that ever did, or ever will exift. Many treatifes have contained nothing more, than a different arrangement of the fame materials, and the very beft, have ftill left an ample field for the unlimited excurfions of tafte and fancy. This Work is chiefly applicable to the ereftion of Edifices for private ufe, wherein convenience and cheapnefs, blended as much as poffible with ftability and elegance, have been the principal objefts of attention. 1 UN nuovo tentativo per aumentare, ed illuftrare vieppiù l'Architettura, dopo che moltiffimi libri fono ftati pubblicati fopra di un tal foggetto, non fa certamente fperare Other Sets of Defigns, upon a more ex- tended fcale, are referved for fubfequent publications, fhould this happily meet with the patronage of the Public. una vantaggiofa riufcita. Diverfe perfone naturalmente crederanno, che una materia così univerfalmente ftudiata fiafi finalmente efaurita, e renduta incapace di ricevere nuovi miglioramenti. La pre- fente Opera, che in fe contiene difegni in- tieramente nuovi ed originali, fi fpera che in qualche maniera contribuirà a diflipare un sì mal fondato pregiudizio; il quale, fe mai vien fomentato, chiude infallibilmente l'adito ad ulteriori avvanzamenti di un' Arte, la quale non folamente è r piena di utilità, ma è capace benanche di efl^er variata all' infinito. Siccome la diverfa combinazione de' fuoni è capace di produrre melodia infini- tamente nuova, così il Difegno, e l'Invenzione in Architettura, applicati a' primi elementi di quell' Arte, fono lungi dall' eflere efauriti dal più grande, e più indefeflx) ingegno ch'e- fifte, o che mai verrà nell' avvenire. Vi fono parecchi Trattati, i quali altro non con- tengono fe non fe una differente giacitura degli fteffi materiali ^ ed i migliori tra quelli han lafciato tuttavia un vafto campo pei voli illimitati del gufto, e della fantafia. La prefente Opera è principalmente appli- cabile alla coftruzione di Edifizj privati, nei quali fi è avuto riguardo fopratutto alla commodità, ed all' economia, uniti, per quanto è poffibile, con la fortezza, ed eleganza. Un 'altra raccolta di difegni, che han per mira un piano più vafto, è riferbata pei fuffeguenti volumi, che faranno dati alla luce nel cafo che quefta prima Opera incon- traffe il patrocinio del Pubblico. INTRO- B INTRO- 3 m hi In ^5 ?1 INTRODUCTION. CilVIL Archite(5lure may be divided into two ! heads, private and public, Town and Country Houfes, Manfions, Villas, and every Species of Build- ing for the ufe of individuals are comprifed under the firft: Churches, Palaces, Theatres, Hofpitals, and all kinds of national Edifices, belong to the fecond. In building, ftrength, convenience and beauty are the principal objedls to be attended to. Upon the proper and judicious management of thefe three cfientials, depends all architedural Merit ; the defi- ciency of any of them being fcarce more liable to cenfure tlian its excefs. Strength may degenerate into heavinefs, convenience becomes futile when over nice, and decoration when too profufe, is apt to terminate in confufion. A Syflem of Architecture formed upon thefe three principles in a due propor- tion, is beft calculated to anfwer the end of the Art, and will approach neareft to the ftandard of perfection. Architecture, though coeval with fociety, and cul- tivated by the moft refpedable nations of antiquity, did not receive any remarkable advancement, efpe- cially in the decorative part, till undertaken by the fubtile and improving genius of Greece. Other nations, contented themfelves with a peculiar kind of building, adapted to their own tafte and fancy ; fuch, as feldom attraded the admiration, or excited the imitation of their neighbours. That, the method pradifed by the Greeks, and the feveral orders by them invented, fhould be univerfally adopted : that, their performances fhould be efiablifhed as flandards of perfedion and elegance to fucceeding ages, are circumflances which refied the brighteft luftre on the elevated genius of that enlightened people. A fhort account of the rile and progrefs of their fuperior %le in Architedure, will not be foreign to the prefent purpofe. After the defeat and expulfion of Xerxes, Greece breathing from the ravage of barbarous invafion, in the full enjoyment of domeftic Icifure, and liberty, began to turn her fublime and penetrating genius to the cultivation of Arts and Sciences; and foon advanced them to a degree of perfedion unknown to former ages. Then were invented the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian Orders, and in that diftinguifhed period, flourifhed many illuflrious Artifts, in Paint- ing, Sculpture, and Architedure. This ^ra of Grecian excellence commenced about the time of Pericles, and ended foon after the death of Alexander the Great. As yet, the unpoliOied warriours of Italy indicated no relifli for the fine Arts; their artifts were few and rude, and their Architedure confiiled but of one order, diflinguiflied INTRODUZIONE. L'Architettura Civile può dividerfi in due partì principali; cioè in pubblica, ed in privata. Quefi' ultima in fe abbraccia Cafe di Città, e di Campagna, ed ogni forta di fabbriche adattate ali* ufo privato ; laddove l'Architettura pubblica in fe comprende Tempj, Palazzi, Teatri, Ofpedali, e tutti quegli altri Edifizj, che riguardano le Nazioni in generale. Fortezza, Commodità, e Bellezza, fono i princi- pali oggetti da tenerfi in mira nel fabbricare. Dal proprio e giudiziofo ufo di quefti tre punti efienziali rifulta l'intiero merito dell' Architettura ; e la man- canza di alcuno di effi merita a malpena maggior cenfura che il di loro eccefib. La Fortezza può degenerare in gravezza ; la Commodità diviene inutile quando è oltre modo ricercata, e la Decorazione finalmente qualor troppo profufa fiiol riufcire una fpiacevole confufione. Un Siftema di Architettura fondato fopra quefti tre piincipj proporzionatamente combinati è il migliore per corrifpondere al fine dell* Arte, e fi approfiìma maggiormente alla norma della Perfezione, L'Architettura quantunque coetanea alla Società, e coltivata dalle più rinomate antiche Nazioni, pure non ricevè alcuni notabili avvanzamenti, fpecialmente nella parte decorativa, avanti che lo fiudio della mede- fima fu intraprefo dai fublimi ingegni della rinomata Grecia. Altre Nazioni fi contentarono di un particolar modo di fabbricare, il quale, quantunque fofie adattato al loro gufto, ed alla propria flmtafia, pure non attraeva l'ammirazione de' Popoli confinanti, cofichè fofie imitato da quelli. L' accoglimento univerfale del metodo praticato dai Greci, e de' diverfi Ordini da loro inventati, e l'efière fiate le loro Opere ftabilite come la norma della perfezione, e dell' eleganza alle Nazioni m avvenire, fono circoftanze che recano un immortale onore al genio fublime di quel Popolo illuminato. Per la qual cofa ei non farà fuor di propofito di rapportar qui brevemente l'origine, e i progrefii del loro eccellente llile in Architettura. Dopo disfatto, e difcacclato Serfe, la Grecia refpirando i contenti di domenica pace e libertà, che feguirono alle miferie di barbara invafione, cominciò ad applicare il filo fublime e penetrante ingegno alla coltura delle Arti, e delle Scienze, che tofio elevò ad un grado di eccellenza non mai conofciuto nell' età precedenti. Allora l'Ordine Dorico, il Ionico, ed il Corintio furono inventati ; ed in quel diftintiffimo periodo fiorirono 1 più celebriArtifti così nell' Architettura, come nella Scultura, e Pittura. Ouefi' Era di Greca eccellenza cominciò circa il tempo di Pericle, e finì fubito dopo la morte d'Aleffan- dro il Grande. GÌ' incolti Guerrieri d'Italia non aveano in fiffatto tempo moftrato piacere alcuno per le belle Arti. I loro Artifti erano pochi, e grofiblani, e l'Archi- tettura loro confifteva in un fol ordine, che fi è pofcia difiinto diftinguifhed by the appellation of the Tufcan: It was not till Greece had fubmitted to the fubduers of the world, that the polifhed Arts were tranfplanted into Italy. The moft magnificent Edi- fices were plundered, and their choiceft ornaments being transferred to adorn the buildings of the conquerors, exhibited fpecimens of Grecian work- manfhip, and ferved for models to Roman artifls, Grecian elegance and refinement, foon became a fubjed of emulation, and at length adorned Rome with thofe wonders of art, the very ruins of which, have inftruded fucceeding .generations. In the celebrated Auguftan age, the fine Arts were in their full meridian. From Auguftus to Confiantine, a gradual decline enfued; till at lafl: every veftige of fublime antiquity was ingulphed in that fecond chaos, which for the continued fpace of ten centu- ries, overwhelmed the Roman world with ignorance, fijperftition, and calamity. To what low ebb the Arts were funk, even in the reign of Confiantine, ftands upon indifputable record. That emperor, defirous of perpetuating the memory of his vidlory over Maxentius, caufed, with that view, a triumphal arch to be ereded. But not being able to procure artifts fufficiently expert to execute that work, he was meanly tempted to deprive Trajan's arch of its moft elegant figures^ to adorn the monument of his own fuccefs. The few ornaments requifite to fill up the chafms between the pieces of ancient fculpture, were executed in fo rude and unfkilful a manner, that they ftill remain inconteftable proofs, of the ignorance and mJferable degeneracy of that a.ge. After the revival of letters, the barbarous ftyle of Archlteélure introduced by the rough uncivilized invaders of the weftern empire, was ftill retained by moft nations. Heavinefs, and a croud of infignificant ornaments, charaderize the buildings of thofe days ; and a falfe tafte was too deeply rooted to be either eafily or foon abolifhed. Not fooner than the fifteenth century did Ancient Grecian and Roman Architedure begin to revive in Italy, Then it was that monuments of antiquity were eagerly fought after, and examined with fcrupulous attention. Then too the works of ancient writers were carefully confulted, particularly of Vitruvius, which greatly contributed to fhew the vaft fuperiority of the genuine Greek and Roman, over that barbarous ftyle, which had pre- vailed in the declining and turbulent days of the Roman empire. The 3 ) diftinto col nome di Tofcano. Infomma le belle Arti non furono trafpiantate in Italia prima che la Grecia folTe foggiogata dai Conquiftatori del mondo. Allora i più magnifici Edifizj di quel Paefe vennero faccheggiati; ed i loro più {celti ornamenti efiendo ftati trafportati per adornare le fabbriche de' Vincitori, fomminiftra- rono modelli di eccelente Greco lavoro per lo ftudio degli Artifti Romani. La Greca eleganza e rafiìna- mento, divennero tofto un foggetto di emulazione, e coir andar degli anni adornarono Roma con quelle tali meraviglie dell' arte, i cui rovinofi avvanzi fono ferviti come d'iftruzione, e d' infegnamento a Pof- terL Nella famofa età di Augufto le belle Arti glunfero al colmo del loro fplendore. Da Augufto fino a Coftantino andarono di mano a mano decadendo, fino a tanto che ogni veftigio del fublime degli Antichi rimafe afibrto in quel fecondo chaos, che per Io lungo fpazio di dieci fecoli tenne l'Impero Romano mifera- mente immerfo nell' ignoranza, nella fuperftizione, e nella miferia. Lo flato abbietto, a cui le arti erano arrivate anche nel tempo di Coftantino, viene chiaramente atteftato da monumenti degni di fede. Queli' Imperadore defiderofo di perpetuare la ricordanza della fua vittoria riportata contro Mafienzio, fi fece erigere un Arco trionfale; ma non potendo in quel tempo proccurare Artifti baftantemente efperti per ben efeguire quell' Opera, fpogliò indegnamente V Arco trionfale di Trajano delle più eleganti figure, di cui fi fervi per abbellire il monumento della fua vittoria. I pochi ornamenti, qhe per neceftltà richiedevanfi per connettere i pezzi d'antico lavoro, furono sì rozza- mente efeguiti, che ancora fufiìftono come pruove innegabili dell' ignoranza, e del gufto depravato di quel fecolo. Dopo il riforgimento delle lettere il barbaro ftile di Architettura introdotto dai rozzi popoli, che aveano invafo l'Impero d'Occidente, fu ancora per qualche tempo ritenuto da diverfe Nazioni. Un enorme gravezza, ed una folla di ridicoli ornamenti caratterizzano gli Edifizj di quei tempi. Egli era un depravato gufto troppo profondamente radicato, per eftere di leggieri, oppur tofto abolito. Non prima del decimoquinto fecolo l'antica Architettura Greca e Romana cominciò ad eftere ravvivata in Italia. Allora gli antichi monumenti furono avidamente cercati, e furono efaminati con la più fcrupolofa atten- zione; ed allora fu eziandio che fi ebbe ricorfo attentamente agli antichi fcrittori; particolarmente alle Opere di Vitruvio, le quali contribuirono moltif- fimo a moftrare la gran fuperiorità della genuina Architettura Greca e Romana, in paragone del barbaro ftile, che prevalfe durante la decadenza dell' Impero Romano. C Ildefi- ( 4 ) The defire of carrying the obfervations then made into execution, and reviving the long overlooked Grecian Architedure, it is prefumed, firft fuggefted the projed of building the famous Cathedral of St. Peter's at Rome. Bramante, Peruzzi, Sangallo, Michel Angelo, Vignola and other architefts, laboured to •combine the pradice of the ancients with their own obfervations, fo as to eilablifh certain rules to ferve for invariable laws of the Art. Their example excited emulation, and fuccefs gave fandion to the laws they had eftablifhed. From that period, the gothic ftyle was gradually laid afide, and the age of Pope Leo X. became fcarce lefs famous than that of Alexander or Auguftus. Notwithfìanding the ftyle of Greek and Roman Architecture, or rather that which Italian mafters have formed upon both, and digefted into mechanical rules, has been the received flandard of the Art, experience will convince, that implicit adherence to thofe rules cannot be, in all cafes, productive of good effed. A fervile attachment to any fyftem whatever, is not only incompatible with elegance and propriety, but equally blameable with the pre- fumption of thofe, who guided by no fyftcm at all, decorate their buildings with a croud of tawdry ornaments, neither Grecian nor Roman, but a jumble of both, fantaftically blended with Gothic fragments, and Chinefe decorations. II defiderio di mettere in efecuzione le oflerva- zioni fatte in allora, e quello di ravvivare il lungam.ente trafcurato ftile della Greca Architettura, vi è ragion di credere che avefìero rifvegliata la prima idea del progetto di fabbricare la celebre Cattedrale di S. Pietro in Roma. Bramante, Peruzzi, Sangallo, Michel Angiolo, Vignola, ed altri Architetti fi sfor- zarono di combinare la pratica degli antichi con le proprie loro offervazioni, per poterne quindi dedurre delle regole fode, che poteffero fervire di leggi inva- riabili dell' Arte. H loro efempio eccitò l'emulazione, "ed il buon effetto confermò le leggi da efll dettate. Da quel periodo lo ftile d'Architettura Gotica comin- ciò ad abolirfi di grado in grado, e l'età del Pontifice Leone X. divenne cofpicua prefibchè al pari di quella di AlefTafidro, o di Augnilo. Non ottante che lo ftile dell' Architettura Greca e Romana, o piuttofto quello che gli Architetti Italiani han dedotto dalla combinazione di ambedue, ed han quindi confinato tra un numero di regole meccaniche, fia fiato ricevuto comxC la norma, e'I mo- dello dell' Arte ; tuttavia l'efperienza convincerà che una ftretta aderenza a quelle regole non può fempre produrre un buono effetto. L'effere fervilmente attaccato a qualunque fiftema non folo non produce eleganza, o proprietà, ma è tanto biafimevole quanto la prefunzione di coloro, i quali fenza la guida di verun fiftema, freggiano le loro fabbriche con una riftuccante moltitudine di ridicoli ornamenti, che non fono nè Romani, nè Greci, ma bensì partecipano del gufto Gotico, e del Cinefe, ambidue capricciofa- mente mifchiati. The leaft knowledge of optics will prove that the fame proportion obferved in the parts of a fmall building, as in one of large dimenfions will produce a very different effed. The upper parts of the latter will appear much fmaller than the real fize, and thofe of the former of courfe much larger than fymetry requires. Hence it is plain, that if the fuperior or upper parts be compofed of a greater proportion in a building of large dimenfions, and fmaller in a lefs, the effed will be more pleafing and elegant, than if the fame invariable proportion were obferved in either cafe. This rule fiiould be obferved in the orders of Archi- tedure, and their proportions adapted to their fitua- tion in the building. The effed of a building (whether it be a ftrudure of high or low dimenfions) produced by a perfed har- mony in the conlHtuent parts, fo as to exhibit a pleafing appearance in every point of view, is the grand objed of taftc. Such effed is peculiarly requifite in Villas, a fpe- cies of building expofed to fo many different points of view. Here no invariable rule can be given, yet it is a moft La menom.a cognizione dei principj d'Ottica è baftante per convincere che I'ifteffe proporzioni effendo ufate sì in una picciola cafa, che in un gran Palazzo, dovranno produrre un effetto molto diffe- rente. Le parti fuperiori, come l'intelavolatura e del Palazzo compariranno più picciole del dovere, laddove quelle della picciola cafa compariranno più grandi di quello che la fimmetria richiede. Quindi ne fiegue, che fe le parti fuperiori fono proporzionatamente più grandi in un vafto edifizio, e più picciole in un edi- fizio minore, l'effetto farà fempre più grato ed ele- gante, di quello che farebbe, fe le fteffe invariabili proporzioni fi foffero in^ambidue i cafe feguite. Cotefta regola offervar fi douvrebbe negli ordini di Architet- tura, eie loro proporzioni douvrebbero rcgolarfi a tenor del fito, eh' efil occupano nell' Edifizio. Il grande oggetto del gufto fi è, che un Edifizio (fiB-fi alto, o baffo,) mercè d'una perfetta armonia nelle fue parti, moftri una piacevole apparenza in ogni punto di veduta. Queft' effetto particolarmente richicdefi nelle cafe di campagna che fono quafi fempre efpofte a di ver fi punti di veduta, Su di tal particolare non fi può affegnare alcuna \ a moft necefTary Lrancli of tlie Art to be ftudied, and if poffible carried into praftice. Proportions which can moft diftintìly mark the character of a building, are to be preferred ; conlequently demand to be varied according to different circumilances. Various reafons might be adduced, to demonftrate the equal impropriety of too clofe an adherence to fixt rules, and of the vague didates of Fancy, independent of all rules. Architedure is by no means that mecha- nical art which many people have imagined ; however limited in fome points, it does, neverthclefs, allow ample fcope for the judgment and tafte of the Artift. Be- fides the arrangement of his rooms, and other interior parts, he has abundant latitude to exercife his talents upon the external parts of an edifice. Internal de- feds of a building are not fo confpicuous ; but the ex- ternal decorations of architedure, if they in the leaft offend the nicety of the obferver, refled ftrongly upon the Artift. As the following defigns are not according to the exad proportions of any preceding mafter, the Author thought it neceffary to give his reafons for the devia- tion, or more properly, his fentiments on the art in general. Row far the feveral kinds of proportions, in the following Work, are introduced with propriety and cffed, it is fubmitted to the public to determine. 5 ) alcuna regola invariabile, quantunque egli fia un ramo dell' Arte molto ncceffario da ftudiarfi, e da metterfì in pratica. Quelle proporzioni devono preferirli, che dinotano più chiaramente il carattere della fabbrica; confeguentemente elleno debbono variarli a feconda delle diverfe circoftanze. Varie altre ragioni potrebbero addurfì per di- moffrare ulteriormente l'improprittà che rifulta sì da una ftretta aderenza a regole fìffe, come dalla fan- taftica indipendenza da alcun metodo qualunque. L'Architettura non è già quell' arte meccanica, che molti fi fono immaginati. Quantunque limitata in alcuni punti, offre nondimeno un vaflo campo all' Artiffa per efercitare il fuo genio. Oltre la difpofi- zione degli appartamenti, egli ha un gran campo da efercitare il fuo ingegno fu le parti efterne dell' Edifizio. J diietti interni d'una fabbrica non fono molto rilevanti, ma le decorazioni efteriori di Archi- tettura difonorano molti/fimo l'Artifta, fe nel mi- nimo punto offendono la dehcatezza dell' offerva- tore. Poiché i feguenti difegni in qualche maniera devia- no dell' efatte proporzioni affegnate da qualunque maeftro ; l'Autore ha ftimato neceffario di dare alcune ragioni per una tale deviazione, o più tofto di pa- lefare il fuo fentimento intorno all' Arte in generale. La proprietà, e l'effetto che rifui tano dalle diverfe proporzioni ufate in queft' Opera, vengono umilmente fottomeffe al giudizio del pubbUco. D 7 Li ■ i % .V* ^/-v^ EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. P L ATE 1 Ban of the Principal, Attick Floor, and Elevation of a Villa. IN this Defign is introduced the Grecian Dorick Order, with the baffo relievo of Bacchus and the Tyrhean Pirates, taken from the Lanthorn of Demof- thenes*. The ftrength and force of the fubjea, accords with the proportion of the Dorick Order. The principal ioor is fufficiently explained on the plate. The attick floor, by the letters A bed rooms, B dreffing rooms, C clofets, D water clofets. The bafement ftory for the kitchen offices, or they may be fituated at a fmall diftance, and con- cealed by fhrubberies. PLATE II. Plan of the principal Floor, and Elevation of a Villa, defigned for a Gentleman at Hadleigh, Suffolk. This defign is of nearly the fame dimenfions as the former, the decorations more in the prefent ftyle. The diftribution of the attick floor in bed rooms and dreffmg rooms, adapted to the family. The bafement ftory for the kitchen offices as ordered. SPIEGAZIONI DELLE TAVOLE. T A V. I. Pianta, ed Elevazione d' una Cafa di Campagna. IN quefta picciola compofizione fi è cercato di adat- tare l'Ordine Dorico Greco. Il baffo rilievo rap- prefenta le tirannie de' Pirati. La forza di un tal fog- getto è più convenevole alla compofizione Dorica, che alla Corintia, com' è la Lanterna di Demoftene *. Nella pianta del piano principale vi fono fpiegate tutte le parti che la compongono. La feconda, eh' è il piano dell' Attico viene, ad effere fpiegata dalle lettere feguenti. A Camere da letto, B Gabinetti per veftirfi, C Guardarobe ordinarie, D Luoghi comodi. Nel piano fotterraneo vi andrebbero gli Uffizj delle cucine, lavatoj, &c. qualora non foffero fìtuati lateralmente alla cafa, e nafcofti dagli alberi, come coftumafi generalmente nell' Inghilterra. T A V. IL Pianta, ed Elevazione d' una Cafa di Cam- pagna, difegnata per un Gentiluomo in Hadleigh, Suffolk. La prefente cafa è della fteffa grandezza dell' an* tecedente. La fua decorazione è dello ftile il più ap- provato al dì d' oggi. La diftribuzione del piano fu- periore farà facile ad ogn' uno di adattarli alle varie circoftanze delle famiglie. Riguardo agli uffizj fi è qui efeguito l'ordine del proprietario con farli nel fotterraneo. PLATE III. T A V. III. Pian of the principal Floor, and Elevation of Pianta, ed Elevazione d' una Cafa di Cam- the Garden Front of a Villa. pagna dalla parte del Giardino. The chief objeds in this plan are the librarjr, drawing, and dining rooms, which are purpofely con- trived to occupy the moft confpicuous parts of the building, and to have the moft ufeful connedion with one another. L'oggetto principale che fi è avuto nella diftribu- zione della pianta è. che le camere principali come la Hbreria, la camera per converfazione, e quella da pranzo, occupafferole vedute più belle della campagna, e del fuppofto giardino. * Delineated in Stuart's Grecian Antiquities. The * Antichità della Grecia di Stuart. E Quefta J ( 8 ) The fuppofed view from the garden, or grounds, towards the library and dining rooms, require thofe elevations to be the principal objed:s of attention. The pyramidal form, heights, and external breaks being equal, would give this defign a regular appear- ance from every point of view. The fmall flaircafe leads to a flory for fervants rooms, which is between the attick and ground floor, over the hai J, parlour, and dreffing room, as it will appear in the next plate f . Quefla cafa avrebbe una regolare apparenza da ogni punto di veduta. La fua forma piramidale, la varie- tà delle altezze, e quella degli avancorpi, fono fempre da deflderarfl nelle cafe di campagna. La picciola fcala contigua alla Sala afcende a tre camere de' fervi tori, come fi offerverà nella tavola fe- guente f . P LATE IV. r- Pian of the Attick Floor, and Front of the preceding Villa. The diftribution of this floor, is in bed rooms and drefling rooms ; letter A fltuated fo as to ferve either purpofe. The floor for fervants rooms mentioned in the ex- planation of the preceding plate, is fhewn, in this elevation, by the three fmall windows over the portico. PLATE V. Plan of the principal Floor, and Elevation of a Villa. The defign is to fliew a villa of nearly the fame dimenflons as the foregoing, in a greater ftyle, which is attained by the portico and the windows of the attick floor being apparently omitted in this front. The attick Is lighted by windows on the fides and back of the building j as is more clearly feen in the next plate. PLATE VI. Plan of the Attick Floor, and Seftion qf the preceding Villa. This fedlion fliews the finifliing of the hall, draw- ing room, bed chambers, &c. The drawing room is made, for the greater efled of magnificence, in the flyle of a falon, two flories in height. The ornaments for the cornices, freeze, &c. only are omitted, as they would be exceedingly fmall. t The plan in this plate is engraved in a wrong dlredion, the portico ought to have occupied the right hand fide, to anfwer the lituation of the elevation. The A V. IV. Pianta, e Facciata della precedente Cafa di Campagna dalla parte dell' Ingreflb. Nella diftribuzione di quefla pianta fi è cercato di far libere tutte le camere, marcate con la flefla lettera A ; mentre il loro ufo dipende dalla grandezza delle famiglie, e delle loro rifpettive comodità. L'appartamento pei fervitori, menzionato nella tavola precedente, è qui indicato nell' elevazione dalle tre picciole fineftre fopra del portico. T A V V. Pianta, ed Elevazione d' una Cafa di Campagna. In quefto difegno fi fa vedere come una picciola cafa, non più grande delle precedenti, è capace di ef- primere un carattere più grandiofo, ed uno flile più nobile. Si è omefla l'apparenza del piano fuperiore, la quale temerebbe non poco la grandiofità del tutto. Il medefimo piano farebbe illuminato abbaftanza dagli altri iati della cafa, come vedefi nella tavola feguente. V. VI. Pianta, e Sezione della precedente Cafa di Campagna. La prefente fezione dimoftra la fala, la camera di compagnia, e quelle da letto nel piano fuperiore. La camera di compagnia è alta due piani ad ufo di Salon-, producendo un effetto di maggior magnificenza. Si fono omefli gli convenevoli ornamenti de' fregi, corn.c, riquadri, &c. a caufa della piccolezza del ailegno. di et'à'inf ^""■'P""'^^ «^'Telato ddl elevazione, ciò e per .Ibaglio incorfo nell' incifione. Tutte 4; (9 The diftribution of the plan ; A bed rooms, B dreffing rooms. A fervants room, is lighted from under the portico. PLATE VIL Elevation of Three Houfes built in Great Ormond Street. This defign was to give a uniform appearance to three houfes. If this mode of building were generally adopted and varied according to circumftances, from the proportions and external decorations that might with propriety be introduced ; our houfes would have a more magnificent afpedl, and their prefent conve- niences might be retained. The fmall fpace of ground generally allotted for the front of a town-houfe, renders it impoHible to make it of a juft proportion. PLATE VIII. Plan of the Principal and Attick Floor of a Villa. There is a novelty in this defign, in the method of afcending under the cover of the poriico to the hall. Th's is evidently convenient; how far the effed may be pleafing, will appear by infpeding the foLowing plate. The attick Floor, B bed rooms, C drefilng rooms, D pafiages, E ftaircafe. On this plate, and in many others throughout this book, there are made communications between the different rooms, fome of which are not eiTcntially necefiTary, and may be omitted or ufed. PLATE IX. Elevation of the principal Front of the pre- ceding Villa. In this defign, the order being to contain one ftory in height, to make it the principal objed in the building ; the following alteration in the parts are made, the architrave omitted, neither pediment, or ballufi;rade above the order, nor decoration to the apertures under the portico. The intercolumnations are made near four diame- ters, having little to fupport, and add greatly to the light of the hall. PLATE ) Tutte le camere fuperiori efpreffe in quefta pianta con la lettera A fono per ufo de' letti ; le altre B per veftirfi. La camera delle ferve viene ad effere illu- minata da fotto il portico. T A V. VII. Facciata di tre Cafe fabbricate nella Strada di Great Ormond in Londra. In quefla compofizione fi ebbe in mira di dare un* apparente regolarità a tre cafe. Se quefto modo di fab- bricare foffe adottato generalmente, e variato fecondo le circoftanze, per virtù delle proporzioni, e delle de- corazioni efleriori che la proprietà permetterebbe ; le nofìre cafe avrebbero un' afpetto più magnifico ; e potrebbero anche ritenerfi le prefenti convenienze in- terne. La picciola eftenfione, che daffi generalmente alle facciate delle cafe di città, rende impoffibile di farle fecondo le giufle proporzioni. T A V. Vili. Pianta del piano principale, e dell' Attico d'una Cafa di Campagna. In quefla prima pianta ofTervafi la nuova fcala efleriore fotto del portico, per evitare T inconveni- ente di bagnarfi. Qual effetto poffa avere cotefta novità potrà giudicarfi dall' elevazione della tavola feguente. B Camere da letto, C camere per veftirfi, D corridoj, E Scala. In tutt' i noftri appartamenti fuperiori abbiam fatto molte comunicazioni fra le camere. S'intende che alcune di effe debbano chiuderfi fecondo i varj comodi delle famiglie. T A V. IX. Facciata principale della precedente Cafa di Campagna. Quando un ordine di Architettura comprende un folo appartamento, com' è in quefto difegno, egli è foggetto ad effere alterato nelle proporzioni per farlo divenire dominante nella fabbrica. Onde noi gli abbiamo levato l'architrave : fi fono omeffe le balau- ftrade, il frontefpizio, e le decorazioni fotto del portico, acciochè l'ordme divenga il principale foggetto. GÌ' intercolonni fon larghi preflb a quattro dia- metri, non avendo a foftenere gran pefo. I mt:defimi contribuifcono ad illuminare fuflìcientemente la fala. F T A V. ( IO ) PLATE X. A, V- X. Plan of the principal Floor of a Villa. Pianta del piano principale d'una Cafa di Campagna. The form of this plan, with a circular falon in the center, has been a favourite ftyle of building pradlifed by many artifts f. The falon in this delign is confidered as a hall, and communicates with the drawing room, dining joom and library. The two flaircafes in the veflibule are lighted from ikylights, not to make apertures under the portico. PLATE XI. Elevation of the principal Front of the pre- ceding Villa. Near all the former defigns reprefent villa's of a fmall fcale, where architefture cannot be treated with that magnificence as in buildings of greater dimen- iions. The grandeur of the parts in the comoofition, greatly contribute to that effetì, and none anfwer the purpofe more than an internal portico, and dome, with proper decorations. All the orders may be introduced in this kind of building, and are capable of receiving a diiferent charader; we fee in fome buildings, where a com- pofition of the Tufcan, or Doric, has a better effeft than the Ionic, or Corinfhian. This remark is con - farmed by many examples, ancient and modern. PLATE XII. Plan of the principal Floor of a Houfe and Offices, defigned for R. P. Thellwall Efq. This defign, from its diftribution and external ap- pearance, may be ranked of a different clafs from the preceding. The body of the houfe is Iball the d,nmg room, library, &c. being in the lower building belnnd the corridore, which communicates to the offices. t It may appear that this plan in particular is of a fmall fize for the parts m the elevation; reducing the fcale, the defi.a may be made much larger. PLATE La forma di quella pianta cog un falone a cupola nel centro è uno Me favorito di molti artifti f . Il falone è qui in luogo della fala, ed ha commu- nicazione colla camera di compagnia, con quella da pranzo^ e colla libreria. Le due fcale nel vefìibulo fono illuminate dal l'alto, per non fare altre aperture dentro del portico. T A V. XI. Facciata principale della precedente Cafa di Campagna. Quafi tutt' i difegni rapportati finora confiftono in varie cafe di campagna, che noi le confideriamo della più picciola claffe, dove l'Architettura non può effae trattata con quella magnificenza com'è nelle cafe di maggior eftenfione. La grandiofità delle parti nella compofizione con- tribuifce confiderabilmentc a produrre un tal effetto; e tra effe non ve n'è alcuna che vi contribuifca più! quanto un portico, una cupola, e tutte le decorazioni convenevoli. _ Tutti gli odini di Architettura poffono aver luo ^0 so AO SO 60 ^^^^ -A Piedi 30 30 40 =4= ÓoFeft^ •5; ■ I. f 1^^ 1 fi Si Pl.m J ii_ I f 9r ». . /a^//a Mft/^ f ■-Hi {/Ì^Z^ {^~td^ SìfY/l{)^ ity^/^ri J Fl,v iniiiiinuiìiijiiiiimuìiiimiminmnm ^0 Fee^ Piedi vmmtBmmm ^1 5 I i ^1 1 1 Vi 1 -V ■ 1 É A 11 ^4 V I fé % » 0. 4y. I I - ■' i Vi 13 .1 15 •5 pi • .1» V f ;i #52 7? I PI! ^1 i I -il ( I •'ITI 1 i I .1 1 "vi Sì- J 5^ I 1 I I -•fa È li- . .) ,4 1 'f FL XIX se 40 6tì 9P j r 1 s F/.xx ^ A^^^^^ytay^ yé^umi(^ ^'z/^- ^mo^i^ìp ^Md^ó^ /^j^md^^ Mr/'6^/i^ra^ ^^jL^;?ui^a. no JO AO AO 60 7l_ fOO Feeó; ^ J^e'euie' fa 1 It Li m m Y i' 0 ft- I t 1 I $ É i 1 0 ^4 ^ ORIGINAL DESIGNS IN ARCHITECTURE; CONSISTING OF PLANS, ELEVATIONS, AND SECTIONS OF VARIOUS PUBLICK AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS: EXECUTED, OR PROPOSED TO BE ERECTED, IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF ENGLAND AND IRELAND. WITH DESCRIPTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. By JAMES LEWIS, Architect. BOOK II. ilotitron : PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR By cooper and GRAHAM, Wild Court, Wild Street, Lincoln's-Inn Fields. 1797- LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Catherine the Second, late Emprefs of Ruffia Paul the Firft, Emperor of Ruffia Maria Lederona, Emprefs of Ruffia His Royal Highnefs the Duke of Gloucefter His Royal Highnefs Prince WilHam-Erederic of Gloucefler A. The Royal Academy A. Annefley, Efq., Bletchington Park, Oxfordfhire William Lee Antonie, Efq., of Col worth John Julius Angerftein, Efq., M. P. John William Anderfon, Efq., M. P. The Rev. Francis Annefley, of Eydon Lodre, Northampt. D. A. Alexander, Efq. Mr. William Atkinfon Mr. Archer, Bookfeller, Dublin B. His Grace the Duke of Bridgewater His Grace the Duke of Bedford The Moft Noble the Marquis of Bath The Right Honorable Lord Vifcount Bateman The Right Honorable Edmund Burke The Dowager Lady Burgoyne Sir Montague Burgoyne, Bart. Edward Buckley Batfon, Efq., Up wood, Dorfet Edward Pery Buckley, Efq. Edward David Batfon, Efq. John Bowdler, Efq. Thomas Bowdler, Efq., F. R. S. M. Bloxam, Efq., M. P. George Evans Bruce, Efq., Caftle Connell, Limerick Atkinfon Bufh, Efq. William Boy dell, Efq. John Bathoe, Efq., Bath Launcelot Brown, Efq., of Stertloe Houfe, Huntingdonfhire The Rev. J. Barwis, Niton, Ille of Wight Sig. Bronna, Archireét to their Imperial Majefties of Ruffia Jofeph Bonomi, Efq. The Rev. Dr. William Barrow William Bloxam, Efq. Signor Dominico Bartoli Mr. Brien Mr. John Beavan Richard Baldwyn, Efq., Treafurer of St. Bartholomew's Hofpital Charles Biddulph, Efq., of Burton Park, near Petworth Robert Brettingham, Efq. The Rev. J. Bowyer, M. A. James Burton, Efq. Mr. Bingley Mr. Brown C. The Right Honorable Earl Cholmondeley The Right Honorable Lord Carteret Count CheremetofF, of Ruffia John Cracroft, Efq., of Hackthorn, Lincolnfhire T.W. Coke, Efq., M. P., of Holkham Hall W. Colhoun, Efq., M. P., Norfolk R. Clark, Efq., Prefident of Chrifl:'s Hofpital H. C. Combe, Efq., M. P. John Carr, Efq., of York, Archited: Robert Cawne, Efq. Samuel Pepys Cockerell, Efq, Richard Corp, Efq. Mr. William Crifwell Mr. Creaton Mr. C. W. Clark Mr. Carte, of Ampthill D. The Right Honorable Lord Vifcount Dudley and Ward John Deffell, Efq. ^ George Dance, Efq., R. A., and F. S. A. Delafield, Efq. Ezekiel Delight, Efq. Mr. Dalton E. — — Emlyn, Efq. F. The Right Honorable Earl Fitzwilliam E. Forfter, Efq., of Walthamflow Kcane Fitzgerald, Efq. Henry Fourdrinier, Efq. Signor Vincenzo Ferrarelì, Architeót at Naples G. The Right Honorable Earl Gower The Right Hon. Lord Grenville, one òf His Majefty's Prmcipal Secretaries of State Sir William Gordon, K. B. Robert Gregory, Efq., of Coole Houfe, in the County of Galway D'Coury O'Grady, Efq., Hilbally Owen, in the County of Limerick William Gill, Efq., Treafurer of Chrift's Hofpital James Gandon, Efq., Archited, Dublin Francis Gofling, Efq. John Gorham, Efq. Edmund Green, Efq., Ifle of Wight Robert Golden, Efq. Mr. Edward Gyfford Mr. Robert Garton H. The Right Honorable the Countefs of Hardwicke The Right Honorable Thomas Harley, M. P. Sir Chriftopher Hawkins, Bart., M. P. Henry Hoare, Efq. John Holliday, Efq. Henry Holland, Efcj. Nathaniel Hillier, Efq., of Lavenham, Suffolk Thomas Hard wick, Efq., F. S. A. James Heaven, Efq. James Hunter, Efq. Heartwell, Efq., Dublin Chriftopher Hewetfon, Efq., Sculptor at Rome Mr. D. Harris, Archited;, Oxford Richard Holland, Efq, Hatchett, Efq. Mr. Hill Mr. William Hughes LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. r Mr. Hunter Mr. Alexander Hendy Prince JuffepofF, of Ruffia Richard Jupp, Efq. Mr. George Jernegan Mr. Jones J. K. Rev. Thomas King, D. D., Chancellor of Lincoln Rev. Walker King, D. D., F. S. A. — — Canon, of Wells, &c. J.King, Efq.,F. S. A., His Majefty'sUnderSecretary of State -> — Kemp, Efq. Edward King, Efq. L. Signor Conte Laderchi, Lombardy TFxomas Lee, Efq. William Long, Efq. Stephen Martin Leake, Efq. Thomas Lewis, Efq., of Brecon Charles Edward Lewis, Efq., F. S. A. Samuel Lapidge, Efq. Thomas Leverton, Efq. Mr. John Wilkinfon Long Mr. John Long Mr. William Leverton M. The Right Honorable Lord Vifcount Maynard The Right Honorable Lord Vifcount Melbourne Robert Mylne, Efq., F. R. S. Thomas Aftley Maberley, Efq. Mr. A. Maund, Bromyard, Herefordlhire Mr. John Molfatt Mr. Moore Mr. A. P. Moore Mr. T. Miller Mr. Meffinger N. The Right Honorable Lord Vifcount Newark Colonel Nathaniel Newnham Thomas Ne vili, Efq. Thomas Newnham, Efq. Chriftopher Norris, Efq. Mr. Nixon Phillip Norris, Efq. William Norris, Efq. O. Baron Offenbourg, of Courland The Right Hon. Silver Oliver, of Caftle Oliver, Limerick Gen. Sir G. Ofborn, Bt. of Chickfand's Priory, Bedfordlhire P. His Grace the Duke of Portland, K. G., one of His Ma- jefty's Principal Secretaries of State The Honorable Evelyn Pierrepont, Efq., M. P. Arthur Piggott, Efq. Edward Parry, Efq. Thomas Penrofe, Efq. Williarm Palmer, Efq., of Nafing, in Effex William Pitt, Efq., of Mortlake James Payne, Efq. John Palmer, Efq. James Peacock, Efq. Heneage Parker, Efq., of Nottingham . Thomas Poynder, Efq. William Powell, Efq. Mr. Prieft Siff Giacomo Quarenghi, Archited to her Imperial Ma- jefty, Catherine IL, of Ruffia R, Henry Revel Reynolds, M. D. . Rivett, Efq. George Robinfon, Efq. The Rev. Dr. Roberts Owfley Rowley, Efq., Huntingdon Sig. Rigaud, R. A. Mr. George Richardfon Mr. Roberts Mr. John Roberts 8. The Right Honourable the Earl of Sandwich Sir Tohn Scott, F. R. S., and F. S. A., Attorney General TohnPrendergaft Smyth, Efq., M.P., Limerick iohn Sargent, Efq., M. P., Lavington, near Pet worth Tohn Smith, Efq., Coomb Hay, near Bath James Stephens, Efq., Camerton Houfe, near Bath Rowland Stephenfon, Efq. John Scale Efq., Mount Boon, near Dartmouth Wilham Sheldon, Efq. Edward Stephenfon, Efq. Farley Hill, Berkffiire Thomas Strickland, Efq. 1 nomas Sandby, Efq., R. A. Thomas Skinner, Efq. John Soane, Efq. James Spiller, Efq. Monfieur Seryel, Sculptor to the King ot Sweden George Scott, Efq. Mr. John Smith Mr. Scheemackers Mr. Shelfton Mr. Scrimlhaw John Stone, Efq. T. Rip" ht Honorable Lord Vifcount Torrington Right Honorable Lord George Thynne Right Honorable Lord John Thynne Charles Townley, Efq. William Thomas, Efq. Tatham, Efq. James Taylor, Efq. Mr. Thomas Mr. T. Taylor, Bookfeller U. The Right Honorable the Earl of Upper Offory W. J.Waller, Efq., M. P., CaftleTown, Limerick Bolton Waller, Efq. James Wyatt, Efq., R. A., Comptroller and Surveyor Ge- neral of His Majefty's Works William Whales, Efq., F. R. S. John Woodhoufe, Efq. Vincent Waldre, Efq., Dublin, Painter and Archited Mr. Wing, Bedford Mr. Whitehead, Ampthill Mr. Thomas Whitehead Meffi-s. Wilkie, Bookfellers Mr. Wright Y. John Yenn, Efq., R. A., and F. S. A. PREFACE. It is now many years fince the Author pubhflied his firft Book of Defigns in Architefture. The very flattering approbation, with which that Work was honoured, has encouraged him to oJFer to the World this fecond Book, in hope of its meeting with an equally favourable reception. It has been ufual, and, in fome meafure, it is expeaed, in works of this kind, that not only a defcription and explanation of the Defigns fhould be given, but that they Ihould be accompanied with fome general obfervations upon the ftudy of the Art. Much has confequently been written upon this fubjeft ; and the Author of the prefent Work, fenfible of his inabiUty to add any thing important to the labours of his predeceflbrs, would willingly have availed himfelf of that excufe, had he not obferved, in common with much abler judges, not only a prevalent difpofition to negka, but attempts to innovate upon, the eftablifhed orders, proportions, and general principles of Architefture. To undertake to inftruft the ftudent in thefe elementary principles would indeed be fuperfluous ; but he cannot be too often, or too ferioufly, cautioned againft a capricious difregard and violation of them. It is with this view that the following obfervations are offered to his confideration. I am, indeed, aware that this novel kind of Building to which I allude, and which as yet wants a name, has its admirers ; and it is to be regretted that even Architeas, of deferved reputation in other refpeas, have indulged themfelves in thefe licentious deviations. For though the Art itfelf, in its efTential parts, may be fafe in their hands, yet, .if its chaftity be once corrupted, their copiers and imitators will proceed to greater liberties ; till at laft we fhall look in vain for that pure and fimple ftyle of Architeaure, which has been in general fo much approved of, and cultivated in this ifland. It is dangerous to tamper with the Publick tafte ; and when we confider how prone men are to encourage innovators upon eftablilhed cuftoms, the flighteft attempts to unfix the fundamental laws of the Art, even though the danger fhould not be thought fo great as is here apprehended, ought to be refifled at the threfhold. B 11 PREFACE. It is unnecefTary here to expatiate on the merits of thofe monuments of antient Architefture, the beauty and fubUmity of which, even in their ruins, never fail to excite the admiration and aftonifhment of all who contemplate them. Nor will it, I think, be controverted, that the moft celebrated Architefts of modern times have drawn whatever is moft excellent in their admired produftions from the ftudy of thofe ancient models. On the other hand, it is equally evident from the Hiftory of this Art, that in proportion as thefe models, and the principles deduced from them, have been deviated from, or relinquifhed, the Art itfelf has declined, and its produftions, when compared with the labour and expence be- flowed upon them, have been mean and without effeft, or difgufting, extravagant, and ridiculous. The truth of this obfervation may be feen in innumerable works, both on the continent and in our own country ; but it is particukrly applicable to the buildings of modern Rome, which, with a few exceptions, are a difgrace to the Artifts, who had the noble ruins, which ftill remain in that city and neigh- bourhood, for their ftudy and example. Not but that marks of great genius are vifible in many of their Defigns : and this circumftance ought, therefore, to put us the more forcibly upon our guard againft that love of novelty, by which thefe eminent men appear to have been drawn away from the ancient and eftablifhed principles of the Art. This departure from the rules of our beft ancient models appears to have arifen, not folely from a love of novelty, which, when reftrained within juft bounds, may be indulged with fafety, but alfo from a vain and prefumptuous opinion of the fuperiority of our own judgement and abilities. But, if our expeftations on this fubjefl: are at all to be guided by our experience, we fhall have little reafon indeed to hope, that our puny efforts will ever be able to raife the Art to a higher degree of perfeftion. I may afk, whether or not the ancient orders of Architefture have been improved by any of our modern innovators ? I may afk, whether the attempts to form a new additional order have met with better fuccefs ? It may be objefted, that thefe arguments are founded upon too ftrong a preju- dice in favour of the eftablifhed rules of the fchools, and tend to limit the inven- tion and to cramp the efforts of genius. If an attachment, bordering on fuperfti- tion, to the venerable ruins of Greece and Italy,— if a decided preference of thofe monuments of antient Art, and of that ftyle of Architefture which is deduced from them, over every work that has been fmce produced, in which the Architeft has not made thofe models the obje6t of his ftudy,— be prejudice, I acknowledge PREFACE. • • « 111 the charge, and can only appeal in my juftification to the comparifon, which it is in the power of every one to make, between the efFefts produced by the former, and the capricious innovations of the prefent day. The other part of the objeftion I conceive to be entirely without foundation. An attentive ftudy of the beft examples of Grecian and Roman Architefture, as recommended by the moft eminent Architefts, Palladio, Vignola, &c. ; and a ftrift adherence to the fundamental principles on which they are formed, are here infifted upon,— not a fervile imitation and copying of their wo^ks, or an implicit obedience to the exaft proportions diftated by any mafter. Thofe very models, which I recommend as the principal objeft of our ftudy, afford them- felves a fufhcient proof of the infinite variety which the produftions of this Art are capable of comprehending, even within the limitations I contend for. The different effefts, which not only the feveral orders of Architefture, but any particular ftyle of compofition, will produce when obferved at various points of view ; the charafter, the fituation, the deftination of the work pro- pofed, and a variety of other circumftances relative thereto, will afford ample room for the exercife of the tafte and judgement, and even fancy, of the Artift. If he polTefs original genius, it will fhew itfelf^ but it will be genius taught by fcience,— the genius of a Jones, a Wren, or a Vanbrugh. In the defigns of thofe eminent Architefts, it muft be allowed, there are fome things to cenfure ; but there are infinitely more to admire and to praife. And, perhaps, a better exempUfication of the opinions I have here laid down can no where be found than in the works of the celebrated perfon laft mentioned. No Architeft of modern times has fhewn greater powers of genius and invention: witnefs his Blenheim and his Caftle Howard. At the fame time his faults (for faults he had) may afford us a lafting caution againft the danger of giving way to a loofe and capricious fancy. Had he more clofely adhered to the pure and fimple ftyle of compofition, no man would have fo well merited univerfal admiration. It was in an attempt to unite various and heterogeneous maffes with the orders of Archi- tefture in his buildings, that he failed. It is this that has given a heavinefs, wild- nefs, and extravagance to their charafter ; and it is undoubtedly the principal caufe why Sir John Vanbrugh does not hold that diftinguifhed rank as an Archi- te6l in the world, which, notwithftanding his errors, he juftly deferves. The Defigns now publifhed, one only excepted, were made for public and private buildings in this kingdom and in Ireland: many of them have been already I iv PREFACE carried into execution. Three of them are alterations of old houfes, the prin- cipal merits of which muft confift, as in all other cafes of the fame fort, in pre- ferving as much as poffible of the former building, confiftently with the improve- ments propofed. Plans of the houfes before the alterations were made are given with them ; by a comparifon of which, with the plans as altered, a judgement may be formed how far the houfes have been improved. As each Plate has a fcale of feet and inches, it was thought unnecelTary to mark in figures the dimenfions of the rooms, or the proportions of the various parts. Defcription and Explanation of the Plates. PLATES I. AND II. Plan of the Market and Store Houfes, with the Elevation of the North and South Fronts of the Market Building, defigned for the City of Limerick. These Buildings were to be ere61ed upon the Quay near the Bridge, and on the South fide of that part of the river Shannon which divides the Englifh from the Irifh town. The whole is principally intended for a Corn Market. Plate I. The Plan. a. Market Building : h. Store Houfes : c. Streets for a continuation of the Store Houfes, which are to confift of fix ftories, each about feven feet fix inches in height. Plate II. Elevation of the North and South Fronts of the Market Building. PLATES IIL, IV., v., VI., VIL, and VIII. Plans and Elevations of the alterations and improvements of the Houfe and Offices, Stabling, Coach-houfes, &c., at Bletchington Park, in Oxfordfhire, the feat of Ar- thur Annesley, Efq. This Houfe is fituated about eight miles north weft of Oxford, about four miles from Woodftock, on an eminence commanding very extenfive and agreeable views to the fouth eaft and north weft. The alterations were begun in the year 1782. The Coach- houfes, Stabling, &c., are new. The north- weft and fouth-eaft new fronts of the Houfe are principally of Windrufh ftone, taken from a quarry not far from Burford. This ftone is very durable, and of a pleafing tint. C [ 6 ] Plate III. Plan of the Principal Floor before, and after the Alterations. Plate IV. Plan of the Bafement and Chamber Floor as altered. a. Kitchen : c. Scullery, Pantry, and Larder : h. Butler's Room : z. Strong Clofet : d, Houfekeeper and Still-rooms: f. Servants' Hall: G, g. Wine, Ale, and Beer Cellars. Chamber Floor. a. Chambers : h. Dreffing Rooms : c. Water Clofet. N. B. An Attick Floor above. Plate V. South-eaft Elevation. Plate VI. North- weft Elevation. Plate VII. Plan of the Offices, Stabling, Coach-houfes, &c. a. Hunters Stable : h. Coach-horfe Stable : c. Saddle-horfe ditto : d. Coach-houfes : e. Saddle Rooms : f. Laundry : g. Wafhhoufe : h. Brewhoufe : Chambers and Lofts above. Plate VIII. Elevation of the Stabling, &c. PLATES IX. AND X. Plan and Elevation of a Temple, to be built at Lodore, near Kefwick, in Cumberland, for Rowland Stephen- son, Efq. This Building is to be ereéìed on a very romantick fpot, not far diftant from the cele- brated Waterfall near the Lake. The entrance front, and the two fide views will com- mand mofl delightful profpetìs. Plate IX. The Plan. Plate X. The Elevation of the Entrance Front. PLATES XL AND XIL Plans and Elevation of a Villa, defigned for John Sar- gent, Efq. M. P. at Lavington, in Suflex. Lavington is fituated about four miles fouth from Petworth, on an eminence com- manding fine and diftant views of the north-weft part of Suflex, and the fouthern fide of the Surry hills, with views to the north-eaft and weft of the woods and parks of Cowdry, Petworth, and Burton ; with a pleafing effe6t from the water at the latter place. Thefe Defigns are not executed, but a New Houfe (fee Plate XII*.) has been built and lately finifhed under my direétion. The Houfe built is of white brick, with a portico to the fouth entrance, of the lonick order, which, with the other decorative parts, are of Portland ftone. Plate XL Plans of the Principal and Chamber Floor. a. Bed-rooms : b. Drefi[ing-rooms : c. Clofet. Plate XIL Elevation of the South Front. Plate XII ^. Plan of the Bafement and Principal Floor of Lavington, as executed. PLATES XIII. AND XIV. Plan and Elevation of a Cafmo, to be built at Lough Coutra, near Gort, in Galway, for John Prendergast Smyth, Efq. M. P. This Building is defigned for the accommodation of parties of pleafure on the lake, upon the banks of which it is fituated. The views of the neighbouring hills are extenfive and variegated, interfperfed with plantations; and the furrounding rocks form a fine con- traft with the lake. The Offices are intended to be partly on the bafement flioor, and 1 I i A [ 8 ] partly behind the rooms on the principal ftory, and to be concealed by the plantations. The ftone for the building is of an excellent quahty and colour, and is to be found in a quarry not a quarter of a mile from the fpot. Plate XIII. Plan of the principal Floor. Plate XIV. Elevation of Entrance Front. PLATE XV. Plan and Elevation of a Greenlioufe, defigned for Lord Carteret, at Haynes, in Bedfordlliire. PLATES XVL, XVIL, and XVIIL Plans and Elevation of Eydon Lodge, in Northampton- lliire, defigned and built for the Reverend Francis Annesley. This Houfe is on an elevated fituation, about ten miles from Daventry, and near the fame diftance from Brackley, Towcefter, and Banbury, commanding extenfive views to the fouth and v^eft over parts of Northamptonfhire, Oxfordfliire, and Warv^ickfhire. The Houfe is built of ftone from a quarry adjoining the eftate, which is of a brown colour ; but the columns, entablature, and other decorations are of Warwickfhire ftone of a light tint, which gives a pleafing contraft to the reft of the Building. Plate XVL Plan of the Principal and Chamber Floors. a. Bed-rooms : b. Drefling-rooms : c. Clofets. Plate XVIL Plan of the Bafement and Attick Floors. a. Kitchen : b. Scullery : c. Servants' Hall ; d. Wine, Ale, and Beer Cellars : e. Houfekeeper : / Butler's room : h. Larder, &c. I. Court-yard, with fundry Offices and conveniences. [ 9 ] Attick Floor. c. Bed-rooms : d. Landing : e. Lead flats. Plate XVIIL Elevation of the South-weft Front. The intercolumniations in this front are made much wider than I wiflied, from an apprehenfion entertained by Mr. Annefley, that, if the fpaces were lefs, it would darken the dining and drawing rooms, which he behind, and have accefs to the portico. PLATE XIX. Plan of the principal Floor of Sutton, in Bedfordfhire, before and fmce the Alterations. This Houfe belongs to Sir Mountague Burgoyne, Bart. It is one mile from Potton, and three miles eaft of Bigglefwade. The fituation is low, but commands fome pleafing home views. PLATE XX. Plan and Elevation of a Temple for Sutton Park, in Bedfordlhire. This Temple was defigned for Lady Burgoyne, and intended to be placed on a favorite fpot, called John a Gaunfs Hill. D [ IO ] PLATES XXL XXIL XXIIL and XXIV. Plans, Elevation, and Se6tion for the New Theatre in the City of Limerick, and for the Houfe of John Prendergast Smyth, Efq. M. P., communicating therewith. Thefe Defigns were made in 1788, feveral years before the Theatre at the Pantheon, the new Opera Houfe, or the Theatres of Covent Garden and Drury Lane, as they now exift, were built. The drawings were approved of by the Committee of the Nobility and Gentry, fubfcribers for the building, and a model was made by their defire for the better underftanding of the defign. The form and conftru6iion here adopted, is much better fuited to Theatres, built on a fmall, than on a large fcale ; for though the removal of columns and pilafters from the fupport of the boxes and galleries is of great advantage to the fpedators, yet the Archi- tedural efFed is much injured by it, and more efpecially when the projedion from the walls is confiderable, as muft be the cafe when the feats exceed two in depth. This building is to be ereded on the fcite of uncovered ground adjoining the Aflembly Houfe, on the quay ; and though the fituation is convenient in many refpeds, yet the form of the ground was unfavourable for the purpofe, and particularly for the part appropriated to the ftage. The entrance to the boxes is from the Hall and Veftibule of the Affembly Houfe, the landing of the Great Stairs of which, leads to the Corridor of the Boxes, and is continued to the Ball and Card Rooms, a circumftance highly pleafingto the nobility and gentry of that country and city, as their affembhes are always held at the fame time in which the Theatre is open. The entrance to the Pit and Galleries is in the back ftreet. The apartments in front, adjoining the quay, are for the refidence of John Prender- gaft Smyth, Efq. M. P., during his ftay in the city, who gave the ground for the build- mg of the Theatre, and was the principal promoter of the undertaking. [ II ] Plate XXI. Plan of the Ground Floor, and Firft Tier of Boxes, &c. a. Anti-room : h. Dining-room : c. Hall of Entrance to Mr. Smyth's Houfe . d. Stair- cafes: e. Powdering-room : / Area: ^. Pit, &c. : h. Boxes: i. Corridor: h Perfor- mer's Dreffing-rooms : I Staircafes for Galleries and Performers : 7n. Door to the Green- room in the AfTembly Houfe : n. Entrance to the Corridor of Boxes from the AlTembly Houfe flairs : o. Hall of the Affembly Houfe. The parts ihaded dark are the old walls. Plate XXIL Plan of the One Pair of Stairs Floor, and Second Tier of Boxes, &c. a. Anti-room: b. Drawing-room: c. Study: d. Servants'-room : e. Staircafes to the Houfe : / Communication to the Boxes : g. Mr. Smyth's Private Box : h. Boxes : i. Per- formers' Dreffing-rooms : h Gallery-ftairs continued : Z. Stairs for the Boxes : m. Water Clofets. Plate XXIII. Elevation of the Front towards the Quay. Plate XXIV. Seaion of the Front of the Stage, &c. PLATES XXV. AND XXVI. Plans and Elevation of a Villa, defigned to be built at Lodore, in Cumberland, for Edward Stephenson, Efq. The fituation propofed for this Villa commands fome of the fineft views in that admired country. The furrounding objetìs being bold and magnificent, it has been attempted to give a ftrong and bold charader to the ftyle of Architedure, that the effed of the building might in fome meafure harmonize v^ith the charader of the country. Plate XXV. Plan of the Principal and Bafement Floors. The Offices are adjoining to the Houfe on the fide, and contain the Kitchen, &c. &c. a. Arched Cellars for Wine, Ale, and Beer: h. Servants' Hall: d. Houfekeeper's room : c. Butler's room. Plate XXVI. Elevation of the Entrance Front. C 12 ] PLATES XXVII. AND XXVIII. Plans and Elevation of Nafing, in Effex, with the propofed Additions, defigned for William Palmer, Efq. This Houfe is fituated about five miles north of Waltham Abbey, and about the fame diftance from Epping, and Stanftead, in a hilly and retired country, and commanding fome very pleafing views. The Plans and Elevation have been varied in the execution, and bows have been added to the north and fouth ends. The portico is not yet put up. Plate XXVII. Plan of the Principal and Chamber Floors. The parts fhaded dark are the new building, a. Bed Chamber : h, Dreffing-rooms. Plate XXVIII. Elevation of the Eaft Front, as propofed. PLATES XXIX. AND XXX. Plans and Sedion defigned for Coole Houfe, in the County of Galway, the feat of Robert Gregory, Efq. This houfe is to be ereded within four miles of the town of Gort ; the fituation com- mands fome very extenfive views of pidurefque hills to the fouth and to the weft ; there is alfo a fine lake and rivulet in view of the fouth and weft fronts, and a wood to the north. Plate XXIX. Plan of the Principal and Bafement Floors. a. Servants' Hall: h. Chamber for Ditto: c. Ale, Wine, and Beer Cellars: d. A Room for bruftiing Clothes: e. Butler's-room: Strong Clofet: g. Houfekeeper's Room. The Offices, on the fide, contain the Kitchen, Scullery, Larder, and various other con- veniences. Plate XXX. Seaion from Eaft to Weft [ 13 ] PLATES XXXI., XXXII., XXXIII., and XXXIV. Plans and Elevation of a Villa, defigned for the Right Honourable Silver Oliver. 1789. This Villa is to be fituated in the neighbourhood of the City of Cork, and will have a fine view of the Cove and the beautiful fcenery near it. Plate XXXI. Plan of the Bafement Floor. a. Butler's room : h. Servants' chamber : c. Servants' chamber : d. Wine, Ale, and Beer cellars: e. Room for brufliing clothes, &c. : f. Servants' Hall : g. Houfekeeper's room: h. Still room : i. Situation for the Kitchen, Scullery, Larder, &c. Plate XXXII. Plan of the principal Floor. Plate XXXIII. Plan of the Chamber Floor. a. Bed Chambers: b. Dreffing-rooms. Plate XXXIV. Elevation of the North Front. PLATE XXXV. Elevation of a Park Entrance at Long Leat, in Wiltlhire, defigned for the Moft Noble the Marquis of Bath. This Defign was approved of, and intended to be built of the Bath ftone. PLATES XXXVI. AND XXXVII. Plans and Elevation defigned for a pubhck Mufeum. Thefe Defigns were a fludy of the Author's fome years fince ; and as the compofition has been much approved by perfons, upon whofe judgement he relies, they are at their requeft introduced into this Work. E [ 14 ] Plate XXXVI. Plan of the Principal Floor. Plate XXXVII. Elevation of the Principal Front. PLATES XXXVIIL, XXXIX., XL., and XLI. Plans and Elevation defigned for a New Hofpital of Lu- naticks, propofed to be built in Old-ftreet Road. 1777. Some few years after the above Defigns were made, a New Hofpital, called St. Luke's, was bulk and finiflied on the fame fcite of ground, under the diredion of George Dance, Efq. , Archited of the City of London. Plate XXXVIIL Plan of the Ground Story of all the Buildings. The Infirmary, Kitchen, and other Ofiices, are diftind from the main building; a fe- parate way is made to them, together with a cartway for the convenience of the Hofpital. The right-hand fide of the main building is intended for the Women, and the left for the Men, on all the ftories. a. Waiting room: h. Steward's apartment: c. Matron's room: d. Keeper's room: e. Galleries : f. Area, or Court : g. Cells : h. Rooms for warming the Patients : h. Wafliing place and Pump, Water-clofet, &c. : i. Arcade of the Infirmary: k. Kitchen: Z. Wafli- houfe, &c. : m. Provifion room: n. Larder: o. Cartway: p. Apothecary's houfe: q. Gar- den to the Infirmary, Plate XXXIX. Plan of the One Pair of Stairs Story. a. Committee room: h. Anti-room: c. Phyfician's ditto: i. Surgeon's ditto: k. Area, or Courts continued: d. Keeper's room: e. Galleries: f. Cells: g. Rooms for warming of Patients : h. Matron's room : I. Infirmary for Men and Women : m. Apothecary's houfe. N. B. On the Attick ftory over the center and wings are Cells, the Steward's and Matron's rooms, and Servants' chambers; and on the Bafement various arched cellars for Beer and Coals ; alfo Hot and Cold Baths for the Men and Women. Plate XL. AND XLI. Elevation of the South or principal Front of the Hofpital to Old-ftreet Road. 1 5i ^4 5i \ t 1 i ! S i r I f9 5*- 6J ■i I 0* 1 r A If t . il. .'fi ft 0J I ?4 i i «0 ■ I f J K «a m «ri 1 mm ir J i 1 li' \ 1 N 1 1 x m r K 1 i jar. 2. J. 1^ li li; II i4 I i 6 «3 6- ■I 1 m h V '4 Y <4 (I Ì FuHLsJied a ; i \ !» k Wi. - J 1^ - t| .1 I t 'at US li: I I 1 11 r I i i li 1 > I ► li; 1 1 k r 4,0 60 7f So TMllùr fculp. . w. 15^ 1 m h , * : » Flxxvn. 1 I 1 i •'.JsX I t it V S /o J I I I I . 1 30 40 50 ffo Feet r Pubh'j-^i^d as tìie ^ct directs , ij^gff T, Miller tTciil^. i A- 5 i I 1 <5> li 1 (f I f I r*. ■il 1 4 V5 "1 ! N ! t ► II H 1 1'^ I t 1^ 0. 1 I I '«I "A I s \ i I ,1 5; if J 1 I 4 1 m I* . ^ i:. t> - m I 5>f i' ■ \4 s4 IS /. 'f. r m i tu t 1 I 1 6 1 I 3 I I II A,: I ^1 > ft re 1*2 1^' 1 : i > É |1 * % i \ ' ' 1 \ I I I ì FLXL. FI.XLl. B IO 3^7 3o 4o 6a 4- I I I 10O no 17C J. Lewis, t Irehùef't. 1 * 4 % li / ■i r ,1