THE 
 
 ARCHITECTURE OF THE FARM 
 
 A SERIES OF DESIGNS 
 
 FOR 
 
 FAEM-HOUSES AND FARM-STEADINGS, FACTORS' HOUSES, 
 
 AND LABOURERS' COTTAGES 
 
 WITH DESCRIPTIONS 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN STARFORTH 
 
 ARCHITECT 
 
 WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS 
 EDINBURGH AND LONDON 
 MDCCCLIII 
 
NEII.L AND COMPANY. PRINTERS, EDINBURGH. 
 
TO THE 
 
 HIGHLAND AND AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND, 
 
 AIDED BY WHOSE FOSTERING CARE 
 SCOTLAND HAS ATTAINED ITS PRESENT HIGH POSITION 
 AS AN AGRICULTURAL COUNTRY, 
 
 THIS VOLUME, 
 
 ^ , INTENDED TO ASSIST 
 
 IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ARCHITECTURE AND ARRANGEMENT 
 OF FARM BUILDINGS AND LABOURERS' COTTAGES, 
 
 IS, 
 
 BY SPECIAL PERMISSION, 
 
 . HUMBLY AND RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBELD, 
 
 BY 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
Digitized by tlie Internet Arcliive 
 
 in 2015 
 
 https://archive.org/details/architectureoffaOOstar 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Abercromby, The Right Hon. Lord 
 
 Abraham, John, Esq., Limerick. 
 
 Adam, James, Esq., W.S., Edinburgh. 
 
 Agnew, Sir Andrew, Bart, of Lochnaw, Perth. 
 
 Allan, Alexander, Esq., Edinburgh. 
 
 Anderson, John, Esq., Architect, Edinburgh. 
 
 Anstruther, Sir Ralph, Bart, of BalcasMe. (2 Copies.) 
 
 Argyll, His Grace the Duke of 
 
 Arkwright, Robert, Esq., Sutton Hall, Chesterfield. 
 
 Aylesfobd, The Right Hon. the Earl of, Packington. 
 
 (2 Copies.) 
 
 Baillie, William, Esq., younger of Polkemmet. 
 Baird, John, Esq., 7 Abercromby Place, Glasgow. 
 Baird, John, Esq., 112 HojDe Street, Glasgow. 
 Balfour, J. M., Esq. of Whittingham. 
 Balfour, John, Esq. of Balbirnie, Fife. 
 Barclay, A. Play, Esq., Paris Plouse, Kinross. 
 Barclay, George Robertson, Esq., Keavil, Dunfermline. 
 Barneby, Wm., Esq., Clater Park, Worcester. 
 Barstow, C. M., Esq., Accountant, Edinburgh. 
 Beach, Wm., Esq., Oakley Hall, Hants. 
 Beattie, Adam, Esq., Builder, Edinburgh. 
 Beattie, Mr George, Biiilder, Edinburgh. 
 Beattie, Mr Wm., Builder, Edinburgh. 
 Begbie, George, Esq., North Belton. 
 Bell, George, Esq., Architect, Glasgow. 
 Bell. J. A., Esq., Architect, Edinburgh. 
 Bernebs, The Right Hon. Lord, Keythorpe-Hall, 
 Leicester. 
 
 Bertram, T. H., Esq., Westbourne Terrace, London. 
 Betts, Edward L., Esq., Preston Hall, Maidstone. 
 
 Beynon, John, Esq., Adpar Hill. 
 
 Biggar, John, jun., Esq., Edinbiirgh. 
 
 Black and Salmon, Messrs, Architects, Glasgow. 
 
 Black, Alex., Esq., Architect, Edinburgh. 
 
 Black, James, Esq., Langley Cottage, EUon. 
 
 Blaikie, John, Esq., Advocate, Aberdeen. 
 
 Blair, Captain W. P., of Blair, R.N. 
 
 Blair, Mr George, Builder, Dalkeith. 
 
 Blane, Sir H. Seymour, Bart., The Pastures, Stirling. 
 
 Blantyke, The Right Hon. Lord 
 
 Booker, Thomas W., Esq., M.P., Kiliiidra House. 
 
 Borthwick, Lewis, Esq., W.S., Lauriston Lodge, 
 
 Edinburgh. 
 Bowhill, Thomas, Esq., Banker, Ay ton. 
 Breadalbane, The Most Noble the Marquis of, K.T. 
 Brooks, Samuel, Esq., Banker, Manchester. 
 Brown, James, Esq., Architect, Glasgow. 
 Brown and Wardrope, Messrs, Architects. Edinburgh. 
 Bruce, 0. Tyndall, Esq. of Falkland. 
 Brunton, Mr Andrew, Lass wade. 
 Bryce, William, Architect, Edinburgh. 
 Brydon, Messrs Wm., and Son, Edinburgh. 
 Btjccleuch and Queensberry, His Grace the Duke 
 
 of, K.G. (2 Copies.) 
 
 Buchanan, D. Carrick, Esq,, Drumpellier. 
 Buist, Matthew, Esq., Tyninghame. 
 Bulman, Mr John, Builder, Kelso. 
 Burnet, John, Esq., Architect, Glasgow. 
 Burton, W. P., Esq., Liberton Bank. 
 Burn, R. S., Esq., Manchester. 
 Burrell, Sir Charles M., Bart, of Knipp Castle. 
 Butter, A., Esq. of Faskally. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Caldwell, Henry, Esq., C.E., M.R.I.A., Sligo. 
 Campbell, Angus, Esq., DimstaiFnage. 
 CamplDell, J. L., Esq., of Achalader, Blairgowrie. 
 Campbell, Archibald, Esq. of Blythswood. (2 Copies.) 
 Campbell, Sir James, of Stracathro. 
 Campbell, Richard, Esq. of Auchinbreck. 
 Campekdown, The Right Hon. the Earl of, K.T. 
 Carmichael, James, Esq., General Register House. 
 Chambers, William, Esq. of Glenormiston. 
 Clayton, Shuttleworth, & Co., Messrs, Lincoln. 
 Clerk, Sir George, of Penicuik, Bart. 
 Cochrane, Baillie, Esq. of Lamington. 
 Colquhoun, Sir James, Bart., P^ossdhu. 
 Condie, James, Esq., Perth. 
 Cotes, John, Esq., Woodcote. 
 
 Cousin, David, Esq., Architect and City Superinten- 
 dent, Edinburgh. 
 Coventry, Andrew, Esq., Advocate, Edinburgh. 
 Coventry, Rev. George, of Shan well. 
 Cowan, Charles, Esq. of Valleyfield, M.P. 
 Cowan, David, Esq., W.S., Edinburgh. 
 Ckaven, The Right Hon. the Earl 
 Crawford, Robert, Esq., Architect, Glasgow. 
 
 Dalrymple, The Right Hon. Lord Viscount, M.P. , 
 Culhorn. 
 
 Dalrymple, Sir Hew, Bart, of North Berwick. 
 Darroch, Major Duncan, Gourock House. 
 Denny, P., jun., Esq., Provost of Dumbarton. 
 Dickenson, Henry, Esq., Coultroopdale. 
 Dingwall, John, Esq., Glasgow. 
 Douie, Mr, Builder, Lochgelly. 
 
 Drax, John S. W. Saw bridge Erie, Esq., M.P., Char- 
 borough Park. 
 DuiF, Richard Wharton, Esq. of Orton. 
 Duncan and Miller, Messrs, S.S.C., Edinburgh. 
 Dundas, John, Esq., C.S., Edinburgh. 
 Dundas, Sir David, Bart, of Dunira. 
 Durward, Mr James, Builder, Haddington. 
 
 Eddington, Smollett M., Esq. of Glencreggan. 
 Edmonstone, Sir Archibald, Bart. 
 Edward, Charles S., Esq., Architect, Dundee. 
 Egmont, The Right Hon. the Earl of (2 Cojiies.) 
 Elieank, The Right Hon. Lord, Dam HaU. 
 Eliott, Sir William F., of Stobs and WeUs, Bart. 
 Elphinstune, Sir James, Bart. 
 
 Farquharson, Francis, Esq. of Finzean. 
 
 Farquharson, Mr Francis, Builder, Haddington. 
 Farquharson, J., Esq. of Invercauld, Braemar. 
 Farquharson, James, Esq. of Craig House, Auchinblae. 
 Farquharson, James John, Esq., Langton House, 
 Blandford. 
 
 Ferguson, D., Esq., Mossy Mill, Colinton. 
 
 Fleming, R. W., Esq., Glasgow. 
 
 Forbes, Mr Alexander, Edinburgh. 
 
 Forbes, Alexander, Esq. of Boyndlie, Fraserburgh. 
 
 Forbes, John, Esq., Haddo, Methlic. 
 
 Fowler, Mr WUliam, Edinburgh. 
 
 Fraser, W. S., Esq., Banker, Dornoch. 
 
 Gardiner, A. F., Esq., Barochan. 
 
 Gardiner, A. P., Esq., Sunnyside, Coldstream. 
 
 Geikie, Mr Peter, Balboughty, Perth. 
 
 Gibson, John, Esq., Woolmet. 
 
 Gillanders, James F., Esq. of Highfield, Beauly. 
 
 Girdwood, John, Esq., Chirk. 
 
 Gladstone, Stewart, Esq., Kippmut, Dumfriesshire. 
 
 Glasgow, R. Robertson, Esq. of Mountgreenan. 
 
 Gordon, Francis, Esq. 
 
 Gordon, J., Esq., Mayen House, Huntly. 
 
 Gordon, J. A,, Esq. of Knockespock. 
 
 Gordon, Mr William, Edinburgh. 
 
 Gow, Alexander Murray, Esq., Architect, Glasgow. 
 
 Gowans, Mr James, Builder, Edinburgh. 
 
 Graham, Samuel, Esq. , Builder, Dumfries. 
 
 Grainger, John, Esq., Harestanes, Jedburgh. 
 
 Grant, Archibald M'Dowal, Esq. of Arndilly. 
 
 Grassick, John, Esq., Glenbucket Mains. 
 
 Gray, Patrick, Esq., Broadyetts, Uphall. 
 
 Guthrie, Major Seton, of Scots-Calder, Thurso. 
 
 Haden, George, Esq., Civil Engineer, Edinburgh. 
 
 Hall, Mr Robert, Galashiels. 
 
 Hamilton, James Anderson, Esq., Edinburgh. 
 
 Hamilton, John, Esq. of Sundrum, Ayr. 
 
 Hamilton, Thomas, Esq., Architect, Edinburgh. 
 
 Hawthorn, Robert, Esq., Newcastle-on-Tyne. 
 
 Heiton, Messrs A. & A., Architects, Perth. 
 
 Henderson, John, Esq., Architect, Edinburgh. 
 
 Herbertson, Henry, Esq., Glasgow. 
 
 Highland and Agricultural Society or Scotland. 
 
 (2 Copies.) 
 
 Hill, Mr James, Edinburgh. 
 Home, The Right Hon. the Earl of 
 Home, David Milne, Esq. of Wedderburn. 
 Hornby, Robert, Esq., Lythwood Hall, Shrewsbury. 
 
LIST OF SITBSCRIBEES. 
 
 Home, Donald, Esq. of Langwell, W.S. 
 Howison, Joka, Esq., Architect, Durham. 
 Hume, M. N. Macdonald, Esq., Edinburgh. 
 Hunter, James, Esq. of Hafton. 
 Hunter, James W., Esq. of Thurston. 
 Hunter, John, Esq., Fochabers. 
 
 Innes, Wm. Mitchell, Esq., Aytoun Castle. 
 
 Jaques, R. M., Esq., Gasby Abbey. 
 Jardine, A., Esq., Civil Engineer, Jardine Hall. 
 Johnston, George, Esq., Redburn, Irvine. 
 Johnston, John, Esq., New Mains, Douglas Castle. 
 Johnston, Sir William, of Kirkhill. 
 
 Kemp, Mr Robert, Builder, Bishopbriggs. 
 
 Kerr, Andrew, Esq., Otiice of H.M. Works, Edin. 
 
 Kerr, Christopher, Esq., Town-Clerk, Dundee. 
 
 Kerr. Mr William, Grange Eoad. 
 
 Kinmond, Mr, Builder, Alyth. 
 
 Kinnear, C. G. H., Esq., Kinloch. 
 
 Kirklaud, Alexander, Esq., Civil Engiueer, Glasgow. 
 
 Lamont, A. J., Esq. of Aird Lament, Greenock. 
 Lawrence, Mr William, Surveyor, Edinburgh. 
 Lawson, Charles, Esq. of Borthwick Hall. 
 Learmonth, Alexander, Esq., Edinburgh. 
 Leslie, Colonel K. H., of Balquharn. 
 Leslie, Wm., Esq., yr. of WarthUl. 
 Liddell, J., Esq., Glasgow. ' 
 Luid, Mr David, Builder, Edinburgh. 
 Lockhart, John, Esq., Dunmore, Falkirk. 
 Lockie, Mr, Builder, Traquair. 
 Logan, Edmond, Esq., W.S., Edinburgh. 
 Lumsden, Adam, Esq., Fushie Bridge. 
 Lyon, James T., Esq. 
 
 M'Call, David, Esq.,juii., Civil Engineer, Glasgow. 
 
 M'Callum, John, Esq., Plewlands. 
 
 Macdonald, Wm. Macdonald, Esq. of Kossie Castle. 
 
 (2 Copies.) 
 
 Macgibbon, Charles, Esq., Edinburgh. 
 Macgibbon, Mr John, Builder, Edinburgh. 
 MacgTCgor, Alex., Esq., Architect, Edinburgh. 
 Mackenzie, Keith Stewart, Esq., Brahan Castle. 
 Mackenzie, Sir John Muir, of Delvin, Bart. 
 Miickeuzie, Thomas, Esq., Architect, Elgin. 
 Mackenzie, W. M., Esq., City Architect, Perth. 
 M Kirdy, J. G., Esq. of Birkwood, Ijesmahagow. 
 
 MacLagan, Peter, Esq., Factor, Invercauld. 
 
 Maclaren, James. Esq., Architect, Dundee. 
 
 M'Nab, Thomas, Esq., Redburn, Irvine. 
 
 Manford, WUliam, Esq., Glasgow. 
 
 Martin, George, Esq., Civil Engineer, Glasgow. 
 
 Mather, Arthur, Esq., Newton Mearns. 
 
 Mathieson, Robert, Esq., Office of H.M. Works, Edin . 
 
 Mathieson, Sir James, of The Lews, Bart., M.P. 
 
 Maule, The Hon. William M., of Maulesden. 
 
 Maxwell, Sir John Heron, of Spriagkell, Bart. 
 
 Maxwell, Sir William, Bart, of Monreith. 
 
 Maxwell. Sir W. A., of Calderwood, Bart. 
 
 Mechi, John Josejjh, Esq. of Tiptree Hall. 
 
 Melville, James M., Esq., W.S., Edinburgh. 
 
 MUler, John, Esq. of Millfield House. 
 
 MiUer, Robert, Esq., Glasgow. 
 
 Milne, John, Esq., Architect, St Andrews. 
 
 Moncrietf, Alexander, Esq., W.S., Perth. 
 
 Monro, Alexander, Esq., Glasgow. 
 
 Montrose, His Grace the Duke of, K.T. 
 
 Moore, Charles, Esq., Claremont, Surrey. 
 
 Morison, Alexander, Esq. of Bognie. 
 
 Morrison, A., Esq., Edinburgh. 
 
 Motherwell, William, Esq. 
 
 Moubray, John M., Esq., W.S., Edinburgh. 
 
 Murray, T. G., Esq., W.S., Edinburgh. 
 
 Napier, R., Esq. of West Shandon, Helensburgli. 
 
 Neeld, Joseph, Esq., London. 
 
 Notman, Mr David, Builder, Edinburgh. 
 
 O'Neill, Charles, Esq., Civil Engineer, Glasgow. 
 
 Panmuke, The Right Hon. Lor.D (3 Copies.) 
 
 Paris, John, Esq., Architect, Edinburgh. 
 Parker, W. A., Esq., Hon. Sec, Architectural Insti- 
 tute, Scotland. 
 Patton, J. M., Esq., Sheriff-Clerk of Perthshire. 
 Pearman, Luke, Esq., Berks well. 
 Pcddie, J. Dick, Esq., Architect, Edinburgh. 
 PhiUips, John, Esq., Winsley Hall. 
 Pitbladdo, Mr James, Clerk of Works, Edinburgh. 
 Pocock, Wm. II., Esq., Architect, London. 
 
 Radnoii, The Right Hon. tlie Earl of 
 Ramage, Mr Robert, Edinlnirgh. 
 Ramsay, R. B. Wardlaw, Esq. of WhitehHl. 
 Ranken, B. M., Esq., Procurator-Fiscal of Orkney. 
 Ra)ikine, James, Esq., Architect, Glasgow. 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 Readdie, Mr James, Builder, Perth. 
 Richardson. James, Esq. of Ralston. 
 Rickman, Edwin S., Esq., Architect, Dublin. 
 Robertson, Jas., Esq., Architect, Glasgow. 
 Roehead, J. T., Esq., Architect, Glasgow. 
 Ross, Sir Charles W. F. A., Bart, of Balaagown and 
 Bonning-ton. (2 Copies.) 
 
 RoxBUEGii, His Grace the Duke of, K.T. (2 Copies.) 
 Russell, George H., Esq., Glasgow. 
 Russell, Sir William, Bart., 7th Hussars. 
 
 Sanday, Wm., Esq., Holme Pierrepont, Nottingham. 
 Schenck and M'Farlane, Messrs, Edinburgh. 
 
 (2 Copies.) 
 
 Scobell, John Usticke, Esq., Montvale House, Halla- 
 trone. 
 
 Scott, Alex., Esq., Craigiockhart. 
 
 Scott, Andrew, Esq., Loudoun Cottage. 
 
 Scott, Archibald, Esq., Architect, Edinburgh. 
 
 Scott, Mr, Builder, Traquair. 
 
 Scott, Wm., Esq., Architect, Dundee. 
 
 Shiell and Small, i\lessrs. Writers, Dundee. 
 
 Signet Library. 
 
 Simson, George, Esq. of Pitcorthie. 
 
 Smart, David, Esq., Architect, Edinburgh. 
 
 Smellie, J. D., Esq., Glasgow. 
 
 Smith, James, Esq., Architect, Glasgow. 
 
 Smith, John, Esq., Martou Lodge, Bridlington. 
 
 Smythe, W., Esq. of Mcthven Castle. 
 
 Speid, James, Esq. of Forneth. 
 
 Spence, Wm., Esq., Architect, Glasgow. 
 
 Spiden, Mr Robert, Builder, Edinburgh. 
 
 Sprot, Murk, Esq. of Garnkirk. 
 
 Sprot, Thomas, Esq., W.S., Edinburgh. 
 
 Stair, The Right Hon. the Earl of 
 
 Stanier, Francis, Esq., Silverdale, Newcastle. 
 
 Steedman, James, Esq., Boghall, Roslin. 
 
 vStephens, Henry, Esq., Redbrae Cottage, Edinburgh. 
 
 Stephenson, Thomas, Esq., Edinburgh. 
 
 Steuart, Robert, Esq. of Carfin. 
 
 Stewart, Mr James, Edinburgh. 
 Stewart, Henry B., Esq. of BalnakeUy. 
 Stirling, Wm., Esq. of Keir, M.P. 
 Sutherland, His Grace the Duke of, K.G. 
 Sutherland, George, Esq. of Forse. 
 
 Tenhouse, W., Esq., Ashby St Leger. 
 
 Tennant, Charles, Esq, of The Glen. 
 
 Thomas, Edward, Esq., Edinburgh. 
 
 Thomson and Nicol, Messrs, Builders, Stirling. 
 
 Thomson, P., Esq., Hangingside. 
 
 Thomson, A., Esq., Glasgow. 
 
 Tinn, Joseph, Esq., Glasgow. 
 
 Tollemache, J., Esq., Peckfortin Castle. 
 
 Torward, Andrew, Esq., Osborne. 
 
 Towneley, Charles, Esq., M.D., Towneley Park, 
 
 Burnley. 
 Trotter, R., Esq. of Mortonhall. 
 Turnbull, Archibald, Esq., Bellwood, Perth. 
 TurnbuU, Mr John, Builder, Edinburgh. 
 
 Underwood, Charles, Esq., Clifton. 
 
 Walker, James C, Esq., Architect, Edinburgh. 
 Walker, Mr, Slater, Alyth. 
 Walker, W. S., Esq. of Bowland, Advocate. 
 Welsh, David, Esq., W.S., Edinburgh. 
 Wenlock, The Right Hon. Lord 
 Whittet, Mr George, Factor, Barn ton. 
 Wilson, Charles, Esq., Architect, Glasgow. 
 Wilson, Henry, Esq., Stovvlangtoft Hall, Bury St 
 Edmonds. 
 
 Wilson, James, Esq., Wester Cowden, Dalkeith. 
 Wilson, Patrick, Esq., Architect, Edinburgh. 
 Wilson, Richard, Esq., Architect, Edinburgh. 
 
 Yarborough, The Right Hon. the Eael of 
 
 York, Mr Wm., Builder, Glasgow. 
 
 Young, Harry, Esq. of Cleish Castle, Kinross. 
 
 Young, Messrs James and Son, Land-Surveyors, Perth, 
 
ADVERTISEMENT, 
 
 The appearance at the present time of a work on Farm Architecture demands, 
 we think, no apology or explanation. Every other branch of architecture is 
 either far in advance of it, or in a rapidly progressive state. The interest 
 evinced by all ranks and classes in agriculture, and the amount of practical know- 
 ledge brought to bear on the implements employed in and the operations con- 
 nected with it, together with the impetus given by the fostering encouragement 
 it has received from the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland, and the 
 sister Societies of England and Ireland, have contributed to effect so many 
 important improvements in the routine operations of a farm, that a correspond- 
 ing modihcation has become necessary in the buildings themselves. To meet the 
 exigencies which these improvements called forth, various treatises of merit have 
 already appeared on farming. These, however, are so exclusively engrossed by the 
 consideration of particular systems of husbandry, &c., that they leave out of view 
 the form and character of the erections necessary for carrying on the work of the 
 farm, except in so far as they are in immediate connection with the processes or 
 operations under consideration. Even in cases where the erections thus proposed 
 are not comparatively set aside by the advancements of agriculture itself, the 
 buildings are in general so devoid of all pleasing external features, that the 
 illustrations of them given in these works could not be consulted with advantage 
 at the present day, when a more refined taste prevails with regard to the exterior 
 of our farm-houses and cottages. This growing taste in Scotland has been fos- 
 tered in an especial manner through the premiums given by the Highland and 
 Agricultural Society, aided, no doubt, in some degree, by the facilities afforded 
 by railways in bringing the attractions of an English cottage, with its lovely 
 surrounding landscape, to our very doors. But throughout the kingdom gene- 
 rally, men have begun to discover how few and simple are the materials which 
 constitute the beautiful and the picturesque, when disposed with taste and 
 
ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 judgment ; and as a necessary result, while our Landed Proprietors are now 
 inspired with a lively and philanthropic zeal to promote the domestic comforts 
 of both Farmer and Cottar, they are equally anxious to conjoin pleasing exteriors 
 with internal convenience. 
 
 While, however, this incipient taste for all that is pleasing and attractive in 
 the exterior and interior of our farm-houses is fast taking root over the whole 
 kingdom, there is much still wanting ere it can be carried out in full efficiency. 
 Although it is generally admitted that the dwellings of the farmer and the 
 labourer are perfectly susceptible of being made attractive features in the 
 landscape, and at the same time of combining comfort and commodiousness 
 of interior with this external neatness ; yet, somehow, when we make the attempt 
 to carr}^ out these views, we feel ourselves often trammelled by questions and 
 calculations of expense, and frequently resolve to abandon the attempt by cur- 
 tailing the accommodation, and dismantling the exterior of much that makes 
 a home or a habitation attractive to a cultivated mind. We are perfectly 
 satisfied that the difference in expense of construction is trivial to what is 
 generally imagined, between a neat cottage with a few effective and rustic 
 ornaments tastefully arranged, and the same building bald and repulsive from 
 lack of ornament of any kind, when the execution is intrusted to proper tradesmen, 
 who thoroughly understand their business. 
 
 - It is with a view to obviate this evil, and supply the foregoing desiderata, 
 that the present work has been undertaken ; but how far the author has suc- 
 ceeded in the attempt is a question for the public to answer. He can only say 
 that he has laboured assiduously to accomplish the end in view : taking care 
 to consult the highest authorities ; personally visiting and studying the most 
 approved examples of cottages and farm buildings ; availing himself of every 
 source of information bearing on his subject ; and sparing no pains to produce 
 a practical and useful volume, such as may meet the wants of the present time. 
 Should the attempt be pronounced successful, he aspires to no higher praise. 
 
 12 South Castle Street, Edinburgh, 
 September 1, 1853. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 DIVISION 1. 
 
 THE DWELLINGS OF THE LxiBOUREPt, THE LAND-STEWARD, THE FACTOR, 
 
 AND THE FARMER. 
 
 A LABOURER'S COTTAGE. No.], See Plate T. 
 
 A LABOURER'S COTTAGE. No. 2, 11. 
 
 A LABOURER'S COTTAGE. No. 3, III. 
 
 A COTTAGE FOR A FIRST PLOUGHMAN OR GRIEVE, ... lY. 
 PAIR OP LABOURER'S COTTAGES. No. 1, . . . . V., VI. 
 
 PAIR OF LABOURER'S COTTAGES. No. 2, VII. 
 
 A ROW OF TWO-STORY COTTAGES. No. 1, . . . . VIII., IX. 
 
 A ROW OF TWO-STORY COTTAGES. No. 2, .... X., XI. 
 
 GROUP OF FOUR TWO-STORY COTTAGES, .... XIL, XIII. 
 
 GENERAL DETAILS OF STONE DRESSINGS, &c., IN COTTAGES, . XIV. 
 
 TIMBER DETAILS IN COTTAGES, XV. 
 
 A LAND-STEWARD OR BAILIFF'S HOUSE, .... XVI., XVII. 
 
 A FARM-HOUSE. No. 1, XVIIL, XIX. 
 
 A FARM-HOUSE. No. 2, XX. to XXV. 
 
 A FARM-HOUSE. No. 3, XXVI. to XXX. 
 
 A FARM-HOUSE. No. 4, XXXI. to XXXV. 
 
 A FACTOR'S HOUSE, XXXVI. to XXXVIII. 
 
 RESIDENCE FOR A PROPRIETOR FARMING HIS OWN ESTATE, XXXIX. to XLIV. 
 
DIVISION II. 
 
 THE FARM-STEADING OR EARM-OFFICES, 
 
 A FARM-STEADING, No. 1, WITH HOUSE-POWER, . . Plates XLV. to XLVII. 
 
 A FARM-STEADING, No. 2, WITH WATER-POWER, . . . XLVIII. to L. 
 
 A FARM-STEADING, No. 3, WITH STEAM-POWER, . . . LI. to LIIL 
 
 A FARM-STBADING, No. 4, WITH STEAM-POWER, . . . LIV. to LVI. 
 
 A FARM-STEADING, No. 5, WITH STEAM-POWER, . . . LVII. to LIX. 
 
 A FARM-STEADING, No. 6, WITH STEAM-POWER, . . . LX. to LXII. 
 
DIVISION 1. 
 
 THE DWELLINGS OE THE LABOURER, THE LANE-STEWARD. 
 THE FACTOR, AND THE FARMER. 
 
 PLATES L TO XLIV. 
 
 Sir Uvedale Price says, with great truth, that " the difference in expense be- 
 tween good and bad forms is comparatively trifling — the diflierence in their appear- 
 ance immense." This theory it is the object of the present Division of tlie work 
 to reduce to a practical test. 
 
 The whole of the Plans, in respect of arrangement and accommodation, will, 
 it is presumed, with the aid of the accompajijdng descriptions, be readily under- 
 stood. A few remarks, however, may be necessary in reference to the details of 
 construction, and of the external and internal finishings, to serve as a guide in 
 the selection of materials, and the best way of using them. We shall, however, 
 attempt no more than to convey a general idea of the style of execution and finish, 
 in accordance with which the estimates of the probable cost have been prepared ; 
 as more minute details can only be embodied in a regular specification, or exhibited 
 on the working-plans. 
 
ARCHITECTURE OF THE FARM. 
 
 Mason Department, &c. 
 
 In every situation, the whole area of the buildings, and 2 feet beyond, should 
 be excavated to the bottom of the foundations, and not limited, as is too frequently 
 the case, to trenches cut for the walls alone. In this way provision can be made 
 for ventilation under the sleepers in the living-rooms, — the free admission of air 
 being the best preventive of dry-rot. 
 
 The drains should be of 5-inch fire-clay pipes, cradled, and jointed with Port- 
 land cement. 
 
 For all the classes of dwellings the outer surface of the external walls should 
 be executed with well-squared rubble, clean faced, with droved freestone dress- 
 ings. Where freestone can be easily procured, the principal fronts of the first- 
 class houses may, at a trifling additional expense, be made to look very handsome 
 by adopting irregular or random coursing, close-jointed, and nidged or dabbed on 
 the face. Where projecting quoins or corners are introduced, they should, in 
 every case, have simply a droved draught or margin round the angles ; the centre 
 of the stone being left with its natural surface, or made rough, with a few strokes 
 of the tool. 
 
 The upper part of the chimney-shafts, above the roofs, should be of ashler ; but 
 in cottages they may be of ruljble, dressetl on the beds and built solid. 
 
 In no class of buildings need the stairs be of stone, as timber, which is clieaper, 
 can now be made, after the old-fashioned manner, to look well, even for the best 
 class of houses. 
 
 The floors of the pantries, and other outhouses, may, where pavement is dear, 
 be laid with fire-clay tiles, on a bedding of road metal or dry stone shivers, beaten 
 very hard, and set in a bed of lime, and grouted with thin mortar on the top. 
 The smaller 9-inch tiles are more free of twists than the larger 12- or 14-incli size. 
 
GENERAL DETAILS OP CONSTRUCTION.— DIY. I. 
 
 Carpenier^ Joiner^ Phimbei% Slater, and Plasterer'' s Departments. 
 
 The sleepers (which should be laid on flat stones) and the scantlings of roofs, 
 generally, may be 6^ x 2\ inches, and placed from 18 to 20 inches apart, from 
 centre to centre; thejoisting of the upper floors should be from 7 to 10 inches 
 deep, according to the span ; the flooring, \\ inch thick, should be grooved and 
 tongued ; and the sarking of roofs must not be less than £ inch thick. 
 
 The projecting ends of the roof, scantlings on eaves and gables, should, in the 
 first-class buildings, be clean-dressed, and the soffits of the projecting parts of 
 roofs lined. The corresponding parts of tlie cottages and porches should be finished 
 in the simplest and most rustic manner with larch, having the bark stripped. 
 
 The interior doors for the cottages and servants' apartments in the better class 
 of buildings may be made of 1^-inch wood, square framed, without mouldings, or 
 off-inch, grooved, tongued, and beaded deal, with three back bars. The living- 
 rooms of the farm-houses should have the doors framed with l|-incli wood, six- 
 panelled, as shevfn with planted mouldings in Plate XLIV. The exterior princi- 
 pal entrance-doors should, for liouses in the old Scotch style, be framed with 1|- 
 inch wood, and lined on the outside with |-incli deal, grooved, tongued, and 
 beaded, with ornamental mock bands to the hinges, and antique handle. These 
 may be made of sheet-iron, and painted with japan black. The outer doors for 
 the offices and cottages may be of 1-^-inch deal, grooved, tongued, and beaded, 
 with three back bars. The shutters for the better class of buildings should be 
 framed with 1^- and l^^-inch wood, with planted mouldings ; and those of the cot- 
 tages with |-inch plain deal, having cross ends. The sashes of the cottage 
 windows may have zinc frames of a lozenge pattern fitted into them, and be 
 made in three or two divisions, liaving one of the sashes to slide on the inside, as 
 more particularly described in Plate VIII. The doors and windows of the cot- 
 
ARCHITECTURE OF THE FARM. 
 
 Lages, and of bed-rooms and servants' apartments in the other buildings, should be 
 finished with 4-inch plain facings, having a bead on the one edge, and an ogee 
 moulding on the other. The ingoings and breasts of the windows should be lined 
 with grooved, tongued, and beaded deal. The doors and windows of principal 
 apartments in the first-class buildings should have 6^-inch double or 5-inch single 
 fascia architraves set on blocks. 
 
 The whole of the timber for carpentry purposes in the cottages and offices may 
 be of larch or spruce fir, full grown ; and in the other buildings of Baltic plank 
 and battens. The interior framing and finishing, in every situation, to be of 
 American yellow pine. 
 
 All the exterior timber- work of roofs, doors, and windows, should be stained in 
 imitation of oak with a liquid preparation of asphalt. 
 
 The ridges, peands, valleys, and gutters of roofs may be executed with 18-oz. 
 zinc, and the platforms with 22-oz. zinc. In exposed situations the chimney-shafts 
 should have flashings. These and the gutters, to ensure durability, should be of 
 lead. The water-closets should be provided with Kirkwood's patent fittings. 
 
 The better class of buildings, which have projecting roofs, should have English 
 slates. Those dwellings with stone skews and ridges, in imitation of old Scotch 
 houses, look best when covered with the greenish-gray slate of the Birnam or 
 Glenalmond quarries ; but the English sea-green slate of Westmoreland is also 
 well adapted for this style. 
 
 The inside of the exterior walls, in every situation, should be lathed and 
 plastered, the standards being fixed with malleable-iron holdfasts, and the wall- 
 heads beam-filled. The cottages and offices of the larger houses may be finished 
 with two-coat plaster, hard rubljed in and floated, without any plaster cornices. 
 The principal rooms of the first-class buildings should have plain moulded cornices : 
 but a small moulding will be sufficient for the bed-rooms. 
 
PLATE / 
 
PLATE 1. 
 
 A LABOURER'S COTTAGE. No. 1. 
 
 This design is given as the cheapest form of dwelhng for a labouring man, 
 consistent, as far as possible, with the supply of those domestic conveniences, 
 which the requirements of the present age demand. 
 
 The accommodation consists of a small lobby, on the right of which is the 
 living room, 13^ x 12^, with a concealed bed-closet. A small pantry, lighted 
 by a window at the back, enters from this room, where, if desired, a small sink 
 may be placed. To the left of the lobby is the bed-room, of the same dimensions 
 as the living room, affording space, by a slight recess in the external wall, for two 
 beds ; but this arrangement is not recommended, for separate sleeping apartments 
 should in all cases be provided. The plan is given, however, in deference to the 
 prejudice existing among cottagers themselves against any innovation of time- 
 honoured customs — a prejudice, too, which proprietors, in some instances, take 
 no trouble to dissipate. At the back of the house is a privy and coal-cellar. 
 
 The walls may be constructed of common rubble or brick, according to tlie 
 facility of obtaining either ; and the roof covered with tiles, if slates are found 
 to be too expensive. 
 
 The estimated cost is about £1 12. 
 
t'LATE II 
 
 xli-^ack.^' MT-ariai]o Edit 
 
PLATE 11. 
 
 A LABOURER'S COTTAGE. No. i. 
 
 The accommodation afforded in this Cottage does not differ essentially from 
 No. 1 ; but the addition of the scullery, lobb}^ press, and back door, together with 
 the enlarged size of the pantry, are matters of no sliglit importance in tlie eyes of 
 the prudent housewife. 
 
 The walls and roof may be constructed as in No. 1. The floors of the li^'ing 
 room, scullery, and pantry, may be laid with square fire-clay paving tiles, if tliey 
 can be readily procured. 
 
 With the view of adding to the attractiveness of the exterior, some ornamen- 
 tal details are introduced, which involves very little additional expense, enlarged 
 plans of which will be seen in Plate XIV. The chimneys, skews, and water-barge 
 above the door, may be of droved stone. 
 
 The estimated cost is about £135. 
 
PLATE III 
 
 FRONT ELEVATION 
 
 PLAN 
 
 DesymilDmwn. h'JStamnh, 
 
PLATE III. 
 A LABOURER'S COTTAGE. No. 3. 
 
 In this design we have attempted to shew the accommodation which should 
 be provided in a Labourer's Cottage of the first chiss. The ornamental details 
 must be looked upon as accessories merely to the effect, to be introduced when the 
 Cottage is placed in a conspicuous position, and to be omitted, at the option of the 
 proprietor, if secluded. 
 
 Entering by the porch, we pass across the passage to the kitchen or living- 
 room, which is 13 feet square, and contains a closet. From the kitchen, a door 
 opens into the scullery, through which access is obtained to the back court. A 
 pantry is attached to the scullery, lighted by a separate window. Returning to 
 the passage, we enter, on the right hand, a bed-room, 12^- x 11 feet. At the end 
 of the passage is a second bed-room, 11 1 feet square. The passage has the advan- 
 tage of a plentiful supply of light, and affords the very desirable facility of obtain- 
 ing separate access to each room. In the back coiu't are a coal-cellar, place for 
 ashes, and a privy. 
 
 The walls of this Cottage may be executed with coarse or snecked rubble ; and 
 the splays on window rebates, the labels, and chimney-shafts with droved stone. 
 The floors of kitchen and passage can be laid with polished Arbroath pavement, 
 
PLATE III.— A LABOURER'S COTTAGE. No. 3. 
 
 and the scullery and pantry with paving tiles. The partitions to be constructed 
 of brick on bed. The roof scantlings, 6^ x 2^ inches, should be placed 18 inches 
 apart, from centre to centre ; and where the roof projects, at the gables and eaves, 
 the scantlings and under side of sarking must be clean dressed, the latter being 
 beaded on the joints, and to have a small moulding along the eaves and on the 
 gables, above the barge boarding. 
 
 This design is suitable for a porter's lodge, or for the dwelling of a gardener, 
 farm-overseer, or gamekeeper. 
 
 The estimated cost is about £220. 
 
FRONT ELEVATION 
 
 PLAN 
 
 ■sunii-d ilJrjKK k J S'l.if/^rlJt. 
 
PLATE IV. 
 
 A COTTAGE FOR A FIRST PLOUGHMAN OR GRIEVE, 
 
 This design is intended for a situation contiguous to a public road, or where 
 it would form a conspicuous object in the landscape, viewed from any part of the 
 domain. If placed in a retired locality, the ornamental skews and chimney-head 
 mouldings may be finished plain, and the stone mullions taken away. 
 
 The living-room, 12 x 11^ feet, is placed to the left of the passage, a door 
 from which leads to the scullery, 9^ x 7^ feet, which is fitted with a boiler at the 
 angle, and a sink at the window. A small pantry, lighted by a separate window, is 
 attached to the scullery. On the right of the passage is the family bed-room, of the 
 same dimensions as the living-room. At the end of the passage is a second bed- 
 room, measuring 12 x 10|- feet. A door from the scullery opens into the court, in 
 which are wood- tool- or poultry-house, coal-cellar, and water-closet or privy. A 
 piggery is also attached, and a receptacle for ashes. 
 
 The details of the porch, on a scale of inch to the foot, will be found in 
 Plate XV. ; and in Plate XIV. the details, on same scale, of the chimney copes. 
 
 By a trifling alteration, this Cottage may be adapted to the requirements of 
 persons in the middle class of life, with one or two children, or to a gentlewoman 
 of limited income. 
 
 The estimated cost is about £225. 
 
I 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
PLATES V, AND VI. 
 PAIR or LABOURER'S COTTAGES. No. 1. 
 
 This design may, perhaps, appear rather too ornamental in its details for tliis 
 class of dwellings, except where intended for erection in a very conspicnous 
 position on an estate. It may, however, be rendered plainer, and its general 
 eifect at same time preserved, by taking away the projecting chimneys, and 
 making the copes and bases without the ornamental mouldmgs, or by substituting 
 chimney-shafts of artificial stone. The pinnacles and panels of the gables may 
 also be omitted. 
 
 The internal acconnuodation of these Cottages may be considered complete. 
 Each contains a living-room 13^ x 12 feet, with a concealed bed-closet ; a bed- 
 room 10 X 7^ feet ; and another (double-bedded) 12^ x 11 feet, with a fireplace. 
 There is a scullery, leading off the living-room, and a small pantry and coal-cellar. 
 
 It wdl be noticed that, in the right-hand Cottage, all the rooms have separate 
 entrances by the passage ; a convenience also extended to the other dwelling, 
 with the exception of the smaller bed-room, which opens into the living-room. 
 
 The outhouses, which are detached, consist of a place for ashes, a privy, and 
 a piggery. 
 
 Plate VI. gives a perspective view, by which the general scope of the design 
 will be more readily comprehended. 
 Estimated cost, £375. 
 
PLATE 17/ 
 
 -Desw)u-il iDram b/J Stviink. 
 
PLATE VII. 
 
 PAIR OF LABOURER. S COTTAGES. No. i 
 
 On the whole, perhaps, the arrangement of these Cottages may be preferred 
 to that of Plate V. The rooms, however, are on a somewhat smaller scale. The 
 outhouses, also, from being attached to the main building, are of more convenient 
 access ; while the addition of the porch is a great improvement, both on the 
 external appearance of the structure, and the comfort afforded to the inmates. 
 The slight degree of ornamentation, too, is at once striking and appropriate ; 
 and, at same time, of a very inexpensive character, as will be seen by referring 
 to Plates XIY. and XV., where the details of chimney-shafts, porch, and windows, 
 will be seen. 
 
 The accommodation consists of a living-room, 13 x 11 feet ; a bed-room 
 10 feet square, and another 10 x 9^ feet, both with fireplaces ; there is also a 
 smaller bed-room, 7^ x 6^ feet, entering from the living-room. At the back 
 of the latter is the scullery, 7^ x 7 feet, and a small pantry with door opening to 
 the back court. The offices consist of a coal-cellar, place for ashes, and privy. 
 
 Estimated to cost about £380. 
 
FLA'l'K Vm 
 
I 
 
 n 
 
 a 
 
 I 
 
PLATES VIII. AND IX. 
 
 A ROW OF TWO-STORY COTTAGES. No. l. 
 
 The elevation of these Cottages, as seen in Plate IX., is extremely simple, 
 while the projecting roof and dormer-windows give a somewhat pleasing effect to 
 the group. A bed-room floor in a labourer's cottage may be considered a novelty; 
 but no one can deny that it is a great improvement on the old system of ground 
 floors only. The advantages of this method of arrangement, whether we consider 
 its comparative economy, or the increased comfort and convenience secured to the 
 labourer's family, must be admitted. 
 
 Each Cottage contains, on the ground floor, a living-room, 14^ x 11 feet; a 
 bed-room, 9^ x 7 feet ; a scullery and pantry, with coal-cellar below the stair. On 
 the upper floor are two bed-rooms, 13 x 11 feet and 13 x 9^ feet, and a lumber- 
 closet. The family bed-room is intended to be on the ground floor, which we 
 think desirable, and the sleeping places of the other members of the family on the 
 attic story. 
 
 The offices, which are detached, consist of a receptacle for ashes, a privy, and 
 piggery. 
 
 The windows, both of the ground floor and bed-rooms, are divided into three 
 compartments. The central divisions of those on the ground floor are made to slide 
 
PLATES VIII. AND IX.— A ROW OF TWO-STORY COTTAGES. No. 1. 
 
 horizontally, and the corresponding ones in the bed-rooms to be hinged, and to 
 open with a quadrant. A small roof-light may be placed above the lumber- 
 closet, from which a borrowed light can be taken to the staircase. 
 
 The elevation is seen in Plate IX. 
 
 The estimated cost is about £500. 
 
l_l 
 
PLATES X. AND XI. 
 A ROW OF TWO-STORY COTTAGES. No. 2. 
 
 This group of Cottages, although the rooms are of smaller size than those 
 described in Plate VIII., contains within each dwelling precisely the same ac- 
 coramodation. The largest bed-room on the upper floor may, if more separate 
 sleeping-places are required, be divided, and thus afford for each Cottage all the 
 advantages of four bed-rooms. 
 
 The elevation, which will be found in Plate XL, may be considered picturesque 
 when compared with that of Plate IX., while the general etfect is heightened by 
 the addition of the porch and dressed cliimney-shafts. 
 
 The estimated cost is about £587. 
 
PLATE XII 
 
 PLAN OF THE BEDROOM FLOOR 
 
 Desiffiiid iSrcLm. iyJStiofortk 
 
PLATES XII. AND XIII. 
 
 FOUR TWO-STORY COTTAGES. 
 
 The accommodation afforded in the two central Cottages of this group is pre- 
 cisely the same as in Plate X. ; but the arrangement is in some degree altered to 
 suit the external form of the building. In the end Cottages, there are only two 
 bed-rooms on the upper floor, but which are of larger size than in the central 
 dwellings. 
 
 The elevation (Plate XIII.) shews the style of Cottage architecture which 
 may be called Scottish. It is pleasing, simple, and substantial, and admits of 
 ornamental detail in a greater or less degree. In the example here given, the 
 stone dressings may be omitted, where strict economy is desired ; but as the de- 
 tails (see Plate XIV.) are extremely simple, the expense will be comparatively 
 small, and their omission would partially destroy the harmony which prevails in 
 the general elevation. 
 
 The estimated cost is about £605. 
 
PLATES XIV. AND XV, 
 
 GENERAL DETAILS OF STONE DRESSINGS, &c., 
 
 IN COTTAGES. 
 
 CONTAINED IN PLATES I. TO XIII. 
 
 These details are fully explained by the Plates. In reference to the Chimney- 
 shafts, where economy is an object, artificial stone may be substituted. In addition 
 to the patterns here given, many elegant designs may be obtained of the various 
 manufacturers. 
 
PLATE XVI 
 
 Pavini,l iDniwiuhJ SbiTfnrili 
 
 rliWirk X M' Kirl.ilii' fill 
 
PLATE XVI J 
 
 Mesij/Red iDram, by J Slarfon/i. 
 
 ij. > M'IVIjji? tJ: 
 
PLATES XVI. AND XVII. 
 
 A LAND-STEWARD OR BAILIFFS HOUSE, 
 
 Although characterized by all the formalities of detail which are inseparable 
 from this style of architecture, the manner in which the various parts are broken 
 up secures that irregularity of outline, without which the appearance of the house 
 would be formal and uninviting. A porch, somewhat similar to that in Plate VII., 
 may, if desired, be added, with advantage to the general effect. 
 
 The accommodation consists of a living-room, 12 1 feet square, with recess 4 
 feet deep for oriel window ; a small bed-room adjoins, 12^ x 6|- feet. The scullerj^, 
 10 X 9^ feet, is at the back of the living-room, and is fitted with boiler and sink. 
 A passage, opening into which is the pantry, leads from the scullery to the back 
 door. On the upper story are two bed-rooms, 12^ x 9^ feet each, and a large 
 press. 
 
 The offices comprise coal- and wood-cellars, a place for ashes, privy, a two- 
 stalled byre, calf-house, and piggery. 
 The estimated cost is about £305. 
 
FLATE XVIII 
 
 PLAN or THE BEDROOM FLOOR 
 
 sans* « M Kirljiir Ua" 
 
ENTRANCE ELEVATION 
 
 T i I I I ? 
 
 IksipiudiDmrn ifJSuirfbnli Sdmn k «■ li \is\.m- LJin' 
 
PLATES XVm. AND XIX. 
 
 DESIGN FOR A FARM-HOUSE. No. i. 
 
 This design, which will be found very complete in its details, and affording all 
 desirable conveniences to the family of a small farmer, may be considered as 
 adapted to the farm buildings detailed in Plates XLV. to XLVII. 
 
 Entering by a porch we have, on the left hand, a dining-room, and on the right 
 a parlour or drawing-room, as may best suit the taste of the occupier. At the 
 end of the lobby, facing the entrance porch, is the kitchen. From the kitchen, at 
 right angles with the entrance lobby, is a passage, giving access to a store-room, 
 pantry, scullery, dairy, and cellar, and leading by a doorway to the court, in which 
 is a coal-cellar, ash-pit, privy, and water-closet. From the scullery a stair leads 
 to the servants' bed-room. 
 
 The bed-room story contains two good-sized rooms, and two smaller ones. 
 There are also a convenient clothes-press and a water-closet, the latter capable of 
 being fitted with a bath. 
 
 The servants' bed-room is upon this floor, but with a separate access, as before 
 noticed, from the scullery. 
 
 The elevation will be found in Plate XIX. 
 
 The estimated cost is about £540. 
 
PLATE XX 
 
PLAT}: XXI 
 
 i 
 
 J 
 
I' LATE XXII 
 
I 
 
 Dcsyniii iBimm by J Sr,i/^ortA 
 
PLATES XX. TO XXV. 
 DESIGN FOR A FARM-HOUSE. No. i. 
 
 This design is so carefully and completely illustrated by the six Plates, as to 
 render much explanation unnecessary. 
 
 Plate XX. shews the ground floor. It contains an entrance lobby, giving 
 access to a commodious corridor and staircase. On the left is a parlour t)r 
 drawing-room, lighted by two windows, one of which is an oriel. Adjoining the 
 parlour is a dining-room, also with two windows. Returning to the corridor, we 
 pass under the landing of the first flight of stairs to the kitchen, entering from 
 which is the scullery. From the corridor, also, a door next to that of the kitchen 
 leads to the back passage, in which is a water-closet, larder, pantr}^ dairy, 
 cheese-room, and laundry, together with a stair to servants' bed -room. There is 
 an outside door from the back passage to the court, in which is a coal-cellar, 
 ash-pit, and servants' closet. 
 
 Plate XXI. gives the bed-room flat, which contains five sleeping-rooms, one 
 of which gives access to the closet in the turret. There are also a water-closet, 
 a housemaid's closet, and two linen closets. The small bed-room, which enters 
 from the door at the head of the staircase, may, if desired, be converted to a 
 bath-room. 
 
PLATES XX. TO XXV.— DESIGN FOR A FARM-HOUSE. No. 2. 
 
 Plate XXII. shews the end and entrance elevations. 
 
 Plate XXIII. a perspective view, from which a comprehensive idea may be 
 formed as to the general effect. The style may be described as the Scottish 
 Baronial modernized. 
 
 Plate XXIV. represents the stone-dressings in detail ; and elevations, on a 
 large scale, of the entrance door and tympanum window. 
 
 Plate XXV. shews the timber details to a scale of one-fourth of the real size. 
 The plan and interior and exterior elevations of oriel window are likewise given ; 
 also elevation of one of the doors for the principal rooms. 
 
 The estimated cost is about £1250. 
 
FZATE XX Vr. 
 
/'/..IT /'J .XX 17/ 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
I'LATF. XXn// 
 
 ENTRANCE 
 
 ELEVATION 
 
STONE DETAILS. 
 
 PI. ATI-: XXX 
 
PLATES XXVI. TO XXX. 
 
 DESIGN FOR A FARM-HOUSE. No. 3. 
 
 The plans, elevations, perspective view, and general details of this residence 
 are contained in five Plates. 
 
 Plate XXYI. represents the ground-floor plan. After passing the porch, 
 which is lighted by a side window, we enter a passage or corridor. On the left 
 is a small business room or library, which also contains a door leading to the back 
 porch. On the right of the corridor is the drawing-room, lit by a plain window 
 and an oriel. Adjoining is the dining-room. Returning to the corridor, we 
 enter a door, under the landing of the first flight of stairs, which gives access to the 
 back porch. Before entering this porch, on the right hand, is the kitchen, a door 
 from which opens into the scullery. A stair leads from the scullery to the 
 servants' bed-room, which is situated immediately above. A pantry and dairy 
 adjoin the scullery. In the kitchen court is a coal-cellar, ash-pit, and servants' 
 closet. A water-closet is contained in the quadrangular turret, which abuts on 
 the offices. 
 
 Plate XXYII. contains plan of bed-room floor, which affords the accommoda- 
 tion of six sleeping apartments, a dressing-closet over the porch, a water-closet, 
 and linen-press. 
 
PLATES XXVI. TO XXX.— DESIGN FOR A FARM-HOUSE. No. 3. 
 
 Plate XXVIII. gives the side and entrance elevations. 
 
 Plate XXIX., a perspective view of the same, in which the general outline of 
 the building is more clearly and naturally defined. 
 
 Plate XXX. contains the stone details, drawn to one-fourth of full size, to- 
 gether with elevation of one of the pediments over bed-room window, and also of 
 entrance door. 
 
 The estimated cost is about £1175. 
 
I^LAT E XXX 7 
 
PLATE XXXII 
 
 ':A\m<ik f. MMOilrfih- Fill 
 
I'LATi: xxx/// 
 
r LATE X XX J V 
 
 i ■ 
 
PLATES XXXI. TO XXXV. 
 
 DESIGN FOR A FARM-HOUSE. No. i. 
 
 This design, which is elaborated in five Plates, is more complete in its general 
 details than either No. 2 or No. 3. It partakes of the best characteristics of the 
 conventional English style of rural architecture, and is specially adapted for a 
 suburban locality. 
 
 Plate XXXI. shews the ground floor. The entrance lobby gives access to the 
 corridor or passage, on the left of which are the drawing- and dining-rooms, each 
 measuring 19 x 14^ feet, exclusive of the window recesses. At the end of the 
 corridor is a door opening into the back passage, which leads to the kitchen, 
 12^ X 14^ feet, adjoining which are the scullery, pantry, larder, and dairy. At 
 the end of the back passage is a washing-house or laundry, fitted with boiler, &c. 
 The offices comprise wood- and coal-cellars, place for ashes, water-closet, and privy. 
 
 Plate XXXII., bed-room story. The accommodation on this floor consists of 
 six bed-rooms, a dressing-room, bath, and water-closet, together with linen and 
 other presses. 
 
 Plate XXXIII. gives the side and entrance elevations. 
 Plate XXXIY., a general perspective view. 
 Plate XXXV., details of construction. 
 The estimated cost is £1260. 
 
ri..\ri-: xxxvi 
 
 PLAN OF THt GROUND FLOOR 
 
I' LATE XXX 171 
 
 PLAN or THE BEDROOM FLOOR 
 
PLATE XXXVni 
 
 IJeswini tlfJrxm hy J S'!aj-/i?rlJi 
 
PLATES XXXVI. TO XXXVIII. 
 
 DESIGN FOR A FACTOR'S HOUSE. 
 
 On an extensive estate, and especially when the proprietor is non-resident, the 
 services of a gentleman of education and intelligence are required in the capacity 
 of general superintendent. The person filling such an office is called, in Scotland, 
 the Factor ; in England he is known as the Steward ; and, in Ireland, as the 
 Agent. From the responsibility attached to the office, the social position of the 
 person filling it must be maintained on an equality, at least, with that of the 
 wealthiest tenant on the estate. Hence the necessity of a dwelling of the first 
 class for the residence of his family. In the example here given, these considera- 
 tions are kept in view. 
 
 The ground floor (shewn in Plate XXXVI.) contains a porch, lighted by side 
 windows, opening into the corridor ; to the right and left of which are the dining- 
 room and parlour, each 17 x 13 feet. The staircase, lighted by a dome, is in the 
 centre of the house. A business-room or library, 13 x 11 feet, is at the back 
 of the parlour. The entrance to the kitchen is by a door under the landing-place 
 of the first flight of stairs. In the kitchen is a store-closet with window. A 
 second door in the kitchen gives access to the scullery, pantry, and dairy, and also 
 to the back passage. From the scullery a stair leads to the servants' bed-rooms. 
 
PLATES XXXVI. TO XXXVIII.— DESIGN FOR A FACTOR'S HOUSE. 
 
 There is a court at the back, with coal-cellar, place for ashes, and servants' 
 closet. 
 
 On the bed-room floor (Plate XXXVII.) are five apartments (four of which 
 have tire-places), two presses, and a water-closet, besides two rooms for the ser- 
 A iints, which are reached b}^ the stair in scullery, as previously mentioned. 
 
 In the general appearance of the house (the front and side elevations of which 
 are seen in Plate XXXVIII.) nothing is aimed at beyond securing a substantial 
 and elegant exterior, united with simplicity of detail and harmony of parts. 
 
 The estimated cost is about £1020. 
 
I" /..I '/■/■: Mill 
 
PLATES XXXIX. TO XLIV. 
 
 DESIGN FOR THE RESIDENCE OF A PROPRIETOR FARMING 
 
 HIS OWN ESTATE. 
 
 It is no part of the present work to furnish designs for country residences 
 irrespective of those in connexion with farming operations. That, however, now 
 given may be considered to be the last hnk in the chain from the Labourer to tlie 
 Proprietor. It is intended for the residence of one of that numerous chxss of 
 landed gentry who manage their farming operations without the intervention of a 
 factor or agent. 
 
 In Plate XXXIX. we have the ground-floor plan, containing porch and lobby, 
 giving access to the parlour, 16 x 11-^ feet, drawing-room, 20 x 15^ feet, and 
 dining-room, 19^ x 15^ feet, the two latter having bay windows. A passage, at 
 right angles with the lobby, leads to the kitchen and offices. The latter com- 
 prise a store-room, scullery, larder, pantry, laundry, churning-room, cheese-room, 
 and dairy; together with coal-cellar, place for ashes, and servants' closet. In the 
 passage, underneath the principal staircase, is a wine-cellar ; adjoining which are 
 a water-closet and a back staircase to the dormitories of the servants. 
 
 On the bed-room floor (seen in Plate XL.) there are three sleeping apartments, 
 two dressing-rooms or small bed-rooms, a bath-room, and water-closet. Two bed- 
 
RESIDENCE OF A PROPRIETOR FARMING HIS OWN ESTATE. 
 
 rooms for the servants are also contained on this floor, but having a separate 
 staircase, as previously mentioned. Adjoining these rooms are a linen press 
 and housemaid's sink. A stair in the bath-room leads to the campanile or bell- 
 tower, which may be fitted up for any purpose, according to the taste of the occu- 
 pier. 
 
 In the elevation, as shewn in Plates XLI. and XLIL, an attempt is made to 
 adopt the more prominent features of the Italian style, the general effect of which 
 is seen in the perspective view, Plate XLI II. The principal details of the stone 
 dressings are given in Plate XLIV., together with some of the interior finishings. 
 
 The estimated cost of this house is £1750. 
 
DIVISION II. 
 THE FARM-STEADING OR EARM-OEEICES. 
 
 PLATES XLY. to XLVII. 
 
 The principal objects to be attained in designing the offices of a farm, are, 
 first, to get a maximum of room at a minimum of expense ; and, secondly, to have 
 the different departments so arranged as to enable the farmer to carry on his 
 daily operations with the fewest possible number of servants. An inspection of 
 the Plans will shew how far they are in accordance with these principles. 
 
 In this Division of the work, as in the last, nothing further is attempted in 
 the enumeration of details than mere general hints ; as no single specification, 
 however carefully prepared, will suffice for every locality. A mere outline of 
 the general style of work is therefore alone given, leaving the reader to under- 
 stand that such parts as are not specially adverted to, are intended to be executed 
 according to the most improved practice of the present day ; and that those 
 features of the designs only that are either new in themselves, or improvements 
 upon old systems, are more particularly noticed. 
 
ARCHITECTURE OF THE FARM. 
 
 chamfer taken off the angles of the latter, and a groove cast on the former to 
 receive the treviss boarding. The mangers to be of cast-iron or timber, and the 
 racks, also, of cast-iron, made of a basket form, and fixed up in one angle of stall. 
 The divisions of loose-boxes to be finished similar to stable trevisses, with timber 
 posts 4 inches square. 
 
 The divisions of sheep-houses should be strongly framed, the posts next the 
 passages being 4 inches square, fixed into stones at bottom ; the rails 4 x 1 1 inches ; 
 the spars and divisions, 3x1 inch, and 4 inches apart; the troughs of l|-inch 
 wood, 10 inches broad inside at top, 7 inches at bottom, and 8 inches deep. A 
 sparred frame along the troughs, placed at an angle, secured to the upper edge 
 of the inside of the trough at the bottom, and to the posts at top, through 
 which the sheep will have admittance to the trough. The top rail, 2| x 1|; inches, 
 and the lower 1^ inch square, and the frame and trough made moveable. The 
 fioor of pens 12 inches above the passage, framed with oak, 3x2 inches, having 
 a rail in tlie centre, of the same size, and covered with spars, 2^ x 1^ inches, and 
 placed ^ inch apart. Along each side of passage, below the floor of pens, there 
 should be a moveable board, 11 x 1^ inches, for flushing out the manure. 
 
 The exterior of sheep-houses should have posts 5 inches square, secured to a 
 beam at top, and into stones at bottom ; the rails, 3x2 inches, filled in with over- 
 lapped boarding, the upper portion made to slide, for light and ventilation. 
 
 The doors, in every situation where they would foim an obstruction by open- 
 ing on hinges, should be made to slide, having two small wlieels at top, with 
 malleable-iron straps secured to the top of doors; the wheels being made to run 
 on an iron guide, to have a stop at the side and bottom, and be provided with 
 in all e abl c - i ron 1 1 an dl e s . 
 
 The various doors and windows to be finished in the usual way ; the lower half 
 of tlio latter in the stables, byres, infirmaries, &c., filled in with two thicknesses 
 
GENERAL DETAILS OF CONSTRUCTION.— DIV. II. 
 
 of open vertical sliding-boards 2^ x ^ iucli, the outer one fixed ; and tlie windows 
 in granaries, straw-lofts, sheaf-lofts, &c., entirely filled in with similar vertical 
 louvre boarding ; and these windows, along with those of corn- and straw-barns, 
 covered on the outside with strong wire netting. 
 
 The ventilators for byres and stables to be made of louvre boarding on the 
 I'oof, and to have openings below each in the ceiling, provided with deal shutters, 
 to open or close by cords and pulleys. 
 
 The skylights to be of glass tiles ; the ridges, peands, and whole plumber work 
 of 22-oz. zinc ; the rain-water conductors in the one-story buildings, and 10 feet 
 above the ground in those of two stories, being of cast-iron. 
 
 The slater and plaster work to be done in the usual way, except that care 
 should be taken to have each course of slates shouldered with well-haired lime, 
 and in very exposed situations to have each slate double nailed, and lead flashings 
 on the chimney-shafts. 
 
PLATK XLV 
 
ri-A TK XLVI 
 
PLATES XLV. TO XLVII. 
 
 DESIGN FOR A FARM-STEADING. No. 1. 
 
 The present design is intended for a farm of limited extent, the work of which 
 sufSfices for the employment of two pairs of horses, and where the thrashing-mill is 
 driven by horse power. 
 
 The corn-barn is at the north-west corner of the range (see Plate XLV.), 
 adjoining which is the covered shed for the horse-mill to impel the thrashing- 
 machine. The straw-barn extends from the corn-barn to the cart-shed, which 
 terminates the south-western extremity of the building. Over the corn-barn (see 
 Plate XLVI.) is placed the sheaf-loft and machinery ; and the granary is imme- 
 diately over the cart-shed. 
 
 The boiler-house and steaming apparatus are in an apartment to the east of the 
 corn-barn ; and the cow and feeding byres adjoin. The turuip-house is situated 
 at the end of the feeding-byre, and forms the north-east angle of the steading, 
 while the dung-pit and liquid-manure tank are placed at the back. 
 
 In front of the byres and turnip-house are the calf-cribs and cattle-sheds, with 
 court for young stock. These sheds, it will be noticed, face the south, an arrange- 
 ment in all cases to be followed, as the animals will thereby enjoy a greater share 
 of warmth during the winter ; more especially, too, if a wall or other shelter pro- 
 
DESIGN FOR A FARM-STEADING. No. 1. 
 
 tects the court from the east. A passage between the boiler- and turnip-houses is 
 left in the byres, for the convenience of supplying food to the animals. From this 
 passage also, there are openings in the wall by which the feeding-troughs for the 
 cattle in the sheds can be replenished. 
 
 The piggery is situated in the north-west corner of the cattle-court. 
 
 The stable is disjoined from the main range of the steading ; and, with the 
 hay-house and bothy for the farm-servants, forms an independent building. 
 
 A passage for carts is left behind the western division of the steading, and 
 gives access to the corn- and straw-barns, boiler-house, byres, calf-house, pigger}', 
 cattle-court, and stables. If desired, that portion of the passage opposite the calf- 
 house might be covered, so as to enable the carts to unload the sheaves into the 
 corn-barn, protected from the weather, in the event of rain occurring during the 
 operation of carting in. 
 
 In Plate XL VII. an isometrical view of the buildings is given, by which it 
 will be seen that there is a complete deficiency of architectural features. This 
 characterises the whole of the designs in this Division of the work, the main object 
 being to make the arrangement of the plans, and internal construction generally, 
 as complete as possible, without incurring any expense that might be avoided ; 
 leaving it to the option of those who contemplate erections, to expend whatever 
 sum they think fit on external embellishment. 
 
 The estimated cost of this steading, which is now in course of erection, is £300 ; 
 the proprietor supplying home timber, and cutting it into the requisite scantlings, 
 besides furnishing all carriages. 
 
FLATE XlVJn 
 
FLATK XLL\ 
 
PLATES XLVIIL to L. 
 DESIGN FOK A TAHM-STEADING. No. 2. 
 
 The present steading, which is adapted for a farm under the mixed system 
 of husbandry, is designed for a locality having the advantage of water power. 
 
 The corn- and straw-barns, with lofts over, are here in the centre of the north 
 side of the range, the driving-wheel for the thrashing and other machines being 
 at the back. The forage-house, fitted with steaming apparatus, oil-cake bruiser, 
 turnip-cutter, &c., is placed to the west of the straw-barn, with which it commu- 
 nicates. There is a loft above (see Plate XLIX.) for storing oil-cake, &c. The 
 boiler- and coal-house are in a shed abutting on the main building. 
 
 Tlie feeding- and cow-byres adjoin the forage-house, and form with it the 
 western side of the steading, the calf-pens being placed at the south end. 
 
 In a direction parallel with the byres, and adjoining, is the court for young 
 cattle and dung, which is roofed. At the north end is the bull-house. 
 
 The stable is placed next to the cattle-court, the hay-house being at one end 
 and the riding-horse stable at the other. A passage communicates with the court 
 for the convenience of wheeling away the dung. 
 
 A slaughter-house and wool-room connect the main building with the eastern 
 
DESIGN FOR A FARM-STEADING. No. 2. 
 
 range, which contains, at the south-east comer, a cattle infirmary, and, proceed- 
 ing northwards, a guano-store, gig-house, meal-store, tool-house, bothy for the 
 farm-servants, and potato-house. The piggery is situated behind the latter. 
 
 The cart- and implement-shed abuts on the corn-barn, and forms the north-east 
 corner of the steading. Over this shed is the granary, access to which is obtained 
 by a stair from the corn-barn. 
 
 The dotted lines in the ground plan (Plate XLVIII.) shew the direction of the 
 drains for the liquid-manure, terminating in the tank at the west side of the 
 steading. 
 
 Plate L. gives the isometrical projection of the building. 
 The estimated cost is about £1900. 
 
tLATE LI 
 
 GROUND PLAN 
 
 10 S 0 10 20 30 *0 50 60 70 SO 90 100 
 
 /Jes^nMj-JJmm ovJ-S'larfdHh 
 
PLATE ni 
 
 DeS'u/neJ, /iMrcum. J ita/forth. 
 
PLATES LI. TO LIIL 
 DESIGN FOR A FARM-STEADING. No. 3. 
 
 This design is intended for a farm where the house feeding of cattle and sheep 
 is carried on to some extent. The motive power for the machinery is steam. 
 
 Tlie ground plan (Plate LI.) is a complete quadrangle with interior courts. 
 The corn-barn is situated in the centre of the east division, with straw-house ad- 
 joining. The engine-house and boilers, with the forage-house, are arranged 
 parallel with the corn- and straw-barns ; and, together with the cart-shed, form 
 the east side of the cjuadrangle. Over these departments (see Plate LII.) are 
 placed the sheaf- and straw-lofts, the granary, store for oil-cake, &c., and drying- 
 room, the latter being above the engine-room and boilers. 
 
 The north side of the quadrangle is occupied by tlie sheep-boxes, shed for 
 young cattle, and infirmary. The two latter form respectively the west and east 
 angles. The boxes and shed are protected at the back by a wall, the shed being- 
 open to the south, and the boxes closed by moveable frames ; but, when the seve- 
 rity of the weather requires it, the shed may also be closed by a similar contri- 
 vance. (See Plate LIII.) 
 
 Separated by a court 22 feet wide, are situated the feeding-byres, fitted up for 
 twenty-eight cattle, two being placed in each box. A stall for three cows, and 
 three calf-cribs, are constructed at the south-east corner of the feeding-byre. 
 
PLATES LI. TO LIIL— DESIGN EOR A FARM-STEADING. No. 3. 
 
 A tramway is laid down from the straw-house through the forage-house, and 
 across the court to the feeding-bj're, for the convenience of wheehng a truck for 
 supplying the animals with food. A branch of this tramway is also laid along the 
 forage-house into the feeding passage of the sheep-boxes for a similar purpose. 
 Two small turning-tables are placed at each end of the branch to enable the food- 
 truck to be shifted to the feeding-passages, which are at right angles with the 
 branch line. 
 
 South of the feeding-byres are the hay-house, work-horse boxes, and riding- 
 horse stable. Adjoining the hay-house is a spare room, and next to this the bull- 
 house. The western side of the quadrangle is completed by a shed for implements 
 under repair, and carpenter's shop, the latter forming the south-west corner. 
 
 A smith's shop, artificial-manure store, tool- and gig-house, implement-shed, 
 and locku})-house for the smaller implements of the farm, form the south side of 
 the steading. Between the artificial-manure store and tool-house is the cart 
 entrance to the court, from which access is obtained to all the different parts of 
 the steading. 
 
 The liquid-manure tank is placed underneath the passage leading from the 
 north to the south courts (see Plate LI.) ; and in the south-west corner of the 
 latter is a yard inclosing the smith's and carpenter's shops, and the shed for 
 iiii|)lements under repair. Between this yard and the main court are a place for 
 dung, privies, and piggery. 
 
 The CF'timated cost is about £2200, including carriages. 
 
FLATE LIV 
 
I'LA'it: iJ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 //////M y////////////m — 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pi 
 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 1- !, . 
 
 
 
 
 PLAN SHEWING GRANARIES Xc 8, OUTLINE OF LOW BUILDINGS 
 
 BauuuJ ,ll}rjmi /if- 
 
 S'h.ni. k i. If RirUi 
 
PLATE 1.17 
 
PLATES LIV. TO LVI. 
 
 DESIGN FOE, A FARM-STEADING. No. 1. 
 
 The present design is intended for a dairy-farm, the machinery of which is 
 driven by steam. 
 
 The corn- and straw-barns are placed in the centre of the north range of the 
 steading (see Plate LIV.), with engine- and boiler-houses contiguous thereto, the 
 forage-house adjoining the straw-barn, and fitted with steaming apparatus, oil- 
 cake bruiser, &c. Above these are placed the sheaf- and straw-lofts, store for oil- 
 cake, &c. (see Plate LV). The granary forms the western termination of the 
 upper floor. 
 
 The cow-byre is placed in a convenient position next to the forage-house, of 
 which it, in fact, forms a continuation, the two occupying the whole range of the 
 steading from north to south. At the south end of the byre are the calf-cribs. 
 West of the byre, and parallel with it, are the sheds for young cattle, at the north 
 end of which are the piggeries and bull-house. 
 
 A court 18 feet wide separates the cattle-sheds from the stables. These are 
 fitted up to accommodate three pairs of horses. A two-stall riding-stable is situated 
 at the north, and the hay-house at the south end. Adjoining the hay-house are 
 the tool- and gig-houses. . 
 
PLATES LIV. TO LVI.— DESIGN FOR A FARM-STEADING. No. 4. 
 
 The infirmary forms the south-west angle of the steading ; and between it and 
 the cattle-sheds is placed the manure-house, protected from the weather. The 
 cart-shed is next to the corn-barn, and forms the west angle of the north range. 
 
 On the north-east side of the steading are situated the dairy, scullery, and 
 churning-room, and over the latter the cheese-room. The dairy has the advan- 
 tage of windows on the north, east, and south sides ; and, as the door is placed at 
 the west side, it is capable of thorough ventilation, and of being kept cool at all 
 seasons. 
 
 V entilators are provided in the roofs of the stables and byre ; and the latter is 
 lighted by rough plate-glass inserted at regular distances in the roof in place of 
 the slates. 
 
10 5 0 
 
 10 20 30 4-0 
 
 50 6 0 
 
 SO 30 
 
PLATE //'/// 
 
 □ 
 
 PLAN SHEWING GRANARIES «c I OUTLINE OF LOW BUILDINGS 
 
 iJ ! I I I I I I I I I, 
 
 I^esi^Tzea £Dmr/i ir./Stistr&rtk.. 
 
PLATES LVII. TO LIX. 
 
 DESIGN FOR A FARM-STEADING. No. 5. 
 
 This steading is intended for a pastoral farm in which, the feeding of cattle 
 forms the primary object. It consists of three parallel ranges of building 150 
 feet in length, from east to west. 
 
 In the centre of the north range is placed the corn-barn. The engine- and 
 boiler-houses are in a separate building immediately adjoining. The straw-barn is 
 to the west of the corn-barn, and next to it is the forage- or cooking-house, fitted 
 with steaming-apparatus, &c. East of the corn-barn are the cart- and implement- 
 shed, tool- and gig-houses, and place for hay. These are all comprised in the 
 north range. 
 
 The straw- and sheaf-loft occupies the entire space over the corn- and straw- 
 barns ; and in it is placed the hay- and straw-cutter. The granary extends over 
 the cart-shed, gig-house, hay-house, and tool-shed. Over the cooking-house is 
 a loft for storing oil-cake, &c., and in it the oil-cake bruiser is fitted up. 
 
 The stables are at the east side of the steading, separated from the hay-house 
 by a passage 7 feet wide, the latter extending the whole length of the building, 
 and affording means of access to the feeding-troughs of the stock. The stables 
 have stalls for three pairs of horses ; and a separate division at the south end 
 provides accommodation for two riding-horses. 
 
PLATES LVII. TO LIX.— DESIGN FOR A FARM-STEADING. No. 5. 
 
 The tool-house occupies the centre of the west side of the steading, adjoining 
 the cooking- or forage-house, and the covered manure-house is placed next to it. 
 The infirmary and loose-house adjoin, and form the south-west angle of the 
 steading. 
 
 The byre, feeding-court, and court for young cattle (both of the latter being 
 roofed), occupy the central part of the entire steading, as will be seen by inspect- 
 ing Plate LVII. ; all the other offices forming, in fact, three sides of a quadrangle 
 in which they are inclosed. The passages for feeding and cleaning are so 
 arranged as to afford the greatest facility for accomplishing both objects with the 
 least disturbance of the animals. 
 
PLATES LX. TO LXII. 
 
 DESIGN FOR A FARM-STEADING. No. «. 
 
 The present design was executed in competition for the Highland and Agri- 
 cultural Society of Scotland's Gold Medal, and was fortunate enough to obtain 
 it. In the description of it, therefore, we avail ourselves, to some extent, of the 
 account published in the Society's Transactions for July 1852. 
 
 Upon inspecting the ground plan in Plate LX., it will be seen that the corn- 
 barn, with the sheaf-loft and machinery above, occupies a central position in the 
 north range, where it is contiguous to the stack-yard, having a covered shed 
 attached for putting carts into when unloading the sheaves for the barn ; which 
 shed will, it is presumed, prove useful when a heavy rain may happen to fall 
 during the operation of carting in the corn ; for the loaded cart being under the 
 shed, the stack may be covered by a tarpaulin, and the whole thus protected 
 from the weather. 
 
 The chaff is taken from the chaff-house (which is boxed off the corn-barn) into 
 the courts for young cattle, where it is used for litter. The corn-barn should be 
 floored with timber, and properly protected from damp and the inroad of vermin. 
 
 The straw-barn extends towards the centre of the buildings, and is conve- 
 niently situated for distributing the straw to any place where it may be required. 
 
PLATES LX. TO LXII. 
 
 and nearest to those places where the greatest amount of it will be consumed. 
 Adjoining the straw-barn is the house for cutting hay arid straw. 
 
 The engine- and boiler-houses are situated to the east of the corn-barn, with 
 a room fitted up above the former for drying. These, together with the artificial- 
 manure house, implement-house, and tool-house, occupy the range on the north 
 of the stable-court, having a granary above the latter places. 
 
 The work-horse and riding-horse stables, with the hay-house and harness- 
 room, and shed for young horses, are situated in the east range, where there is 
 ready access from the straw-barn and steaming-house, and also for depositing the 
 dung in the manure-pit, which is situated between the riding-horse stable and shed. 
 
 The stables are shewn as being lighted by windows in the walls, having fixed 
 sashes. Roof-lights may, if desired, be adopted by using unfinished plate-glass, 
 the same as pi'oposed for the byres, &c. 
 
 In the centre of the buildings, and separated from the straw-barn by a passage 
 of communication, is the forage-house, or kitchen of the steading, where the food 
 is prepared, and distributed along the passages of the feeding-byre, which will be 
 seen to contain, in the centre division, stalls for feeding fifty-two cattle ; and on 
 each side nine boxes, for feeding two cattle in each. The manure from the central 
 feeding-byre is readily conveyed to the dung-pit through the centre passage, and 
 the manure channel flushed with water to the liquid-manure tank, so that the 
 whole may be cleansed with economy and expedition. The divisions in the feed- 
 ing-byre may be fitted up, varying a little in size, so as to accommodate greater 
 or lesser animals. Below each feeding-passage is carried a cold-air trunk, for 
 admitting fresh air, having openings in the passage, covered by cast-iron gratings, 
 as shewn by the dotted lines in Plate LX. ; and the whole is rendered healthy by 
 ventilators ou the roof, as seen in the isometrical view, Plate LXIL The build- 
 ing is lighted by windows in the roof 
 
DESIGN FOR A FARM-STEADING. No. 6. 
 
 Above the forage-house is a granary, or store for oil- and rape-cake, wliere it 
 can readily be put down to the cake-bruiser in the forage-house below ; or, if pre- 
 ferred, the bruiser can be placed in the granary, and this — with the turnip-cutter, 
 straw-cutter, and corn-bruiser— can be driven by a connection from the engine. 
 
 To the west of the feeding-byre are the cow-byre, calf-house, and piggeries, 
 which, with the infirmary, loose-house and potato-house, form the south-west 
 division of the steading ; the cow-byre and piggeries being conveniently situated 
 for the forage-house and steaming-house. The piggeries are supplied with food 
 from a feeding-passage, having swing-doors above the troughs. 
 
 Should more accommodation be required for servants' cows, it is proposed 
 they should stand in the feeding-byre. 
 
 The range to the west of the corn-barn is occupied by sheds and courts for 
 young stock, with a shed for lambing ewes or other purposes, the divisions being 
 moveable. Adjoining are the poultry-houses and the bailiiPs house, the latter 
 being placed in the west range, as the most healthy position for a family. The 
 poultry have ready and free access to the stackyard, without coming in contact 
 with the cattle. If larger poultry-houses are desired, they can easily be extended 
 into the adjoining shed. 
 
 The steaming apparatus is supplied with the waste steam from the engine- 
 boiler ; but when the engine is not in use, a smaller boiler can be used for the 
 purpose, placed beside the larger one. The steaming-pans should be made to 
 revolve, and at once empty themselves into the barrows, by which the food is con- 
 veyed through the various passages. If the system of boiling the food is pre- 
 ferred, the necessary boilers can easily be substituted for the steaming apparatus, 
 by placing the flue in the east wall. Steam pipes may also be conveyed under- 
 neath the floor of the feeding-byre, below the animals, for the purpose of raising 
 the temperature during winter. 
 
PLATES LX. TO LXIL 
 
 In the implement-shed, next the boiler-house, is a saw-wheel driven by the 
 engine, for the purpose of cutting any timber that may be required on the farm. 
 Adjoining the engine-house a double-action force-pump is fixed, to be used for 
 pumping the liquid-manure over the dung, or forcing it from the steading for the 
 purpose of irrigation ; and also for filling a large cistern with water, which is 
 placed beside it, for supplying the various parts of the steading, where it cannot 
 be accomplished by gravitation from an existing spring. Mill-stones for grinding 
 grain may also be erected in connection with the shaft of the engine, which passes 
 from the fly-wheel immediately below the floor of the sheaf-loft, where it does not 
 interfere with any communication. 
 
 The height of all the two-story buildings is 16 feet to the top of the walls ; 
 and all the other buildings are of sufficient height to afford health and comfort to 
 the animals. 
 
 Upon examining the isometrical view, Plate LXII., the general appearance of 
 the buildings will be more distinctly seen. 
 
 Various modifications may be made in the plan, without affecting its general 
 usefulness : the carts, for instance, may be placed under the granary, on the 
 north side of the stable-court, where they would be inclosed within the gates. A 
 smith's and carpenter's shop, and a weighing-machine, may also find a place in 
 any convenient part of the steading. A feeding-house for sheep could likewise be 
 constructed ; and, if desired, a place for servants to sleep in above the hay-house 
 or stable, in order to l)e near the horses during the night. 
 
 The estimated expense of this steading is £2800, exclusive of carriages, and 
 on the sup})ositi(>n that stone can be prociu^ed from a quarry on the estate. 
 
GETTY RESEARCH INSTITUTE