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1 Evelyn (John) Sculptura, or the History q 
 and Art of Chalcography, and Engraving in q 
 Copper, with ample Enumeration of the "j- 
 most renowned Masters and their "Works, \^ 
 with Life of the Author, 8vo, fine_ po rtrait of ,. I 
 
 V.mehin nviA nlatex. naif. srtPPK.iMll 1 7fiQ ^* 
 
 Evelyn and plates, calf, scarc%£BB 1769 
 
SCULPTUR 
 
 OR, THE 
 
 History and Art 
 
 OF 
 
 CHALCOGRAPHY, 
 
 AND 
 
 Engraving in Copper 
 
 WI TH 
 
 An ample Enumeration of the moft renowned 
 MASTERS and their WORKS. 
 
 To which is annexed, 
 
 A New Manner of Engraving, or Mezzotinto, 
 
 Communicated by 
 
 His Highnefs Prince RUPERT 
 
 TO THE 
 
 Author of this Treatise, 
 
 JOHN EVE LYN, Efq; 
 
 The SECOND EDITION. 
 
 Containing fomeCoRRECTioNS and Additions taken from the Marginof 
 
 the Author's printed Copy; an Etching of his Head, by 
 
 Mr. Worlidge ; an exact Copy of the Mezzotinto, 
 
 done by Prince Rupert, by Mr. Houston ; 
 
 a Translation of all the Greek 
 
 and Latin PaiTages ; and 
 
 Memoirs of the Author's Life. 
 
 Implevi eum Spiritu Dei, fapientia, et intelligentia, et fcientia in omni opere, 
 ad excogitandum quicquid fabrefieri poteft ex auro, et argento, et sre, 
 marmore, et gemmis, et diverfitate lignorum. 
 
 Exodus, cap. xxxi, et cap. xxxv.a 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for J. Murray, (SuccefTor to Mr. Sandby) 
 N°, 32, Fleet-Street. 
 
 M.DCC.LXIX. 
 
T H E 
 
 LI F E 
 
 O F 
 
 John Evelyn, Efq; 
 
 Non folum de his omnibus confcripfit artibus ; fed 
 amplius rei rufticse, et militaris etiam, et medi- 
 cine praecepta reliquit ■, dignus vel ipib propo - 
 fito, ut eum fcifle omnia ilia credamus. 
 
 QjJ INTILIA N . 
 
THE 
 
 F E 
 
 O F 
 
 n Evelyn, Efq; 
 
 O H N EVELYN, the author of the 
 
 following curious and entertaining work, was 
 
 T 
 
 J born October the thirty hrft, one thouland 
 fix hundred and twenty, at Wotton in Sur- 
 ry, the feat of his father Richard Evelyn Ef- 
 quire, delightfully fituatecHn a winding and well- 
 watered valley a few miles from Darking. This 
 family, very ancient and honourable, rlourilhed 
 originally In Shropfhire ; and was firft fettled at 
 Wotton, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. 
 Our author was initiated in the rudiments of li- 
 terature, at the free-fchool of Lewes in Suflex ; 
 and was afterwards admitted, as a gentleman com- 
 moner, at Baliol College, in the univerfity of Ox- 
 ford, in one thouland fix hundred and thirty fe- 
 
 a 2 ven ; 
 
iv The LIFE of 
 
 ven : and having profecuted his academical ftudies 
 with diligence and applaufe for three years, he re- 
 moved to the Middle Temple, in order to add a 
 competent knowledge of the laws of his country 
 to his former philological acquifitions. On the 
 eruption of the civil war, he accompanied Charles 
 the firft to Oxford ; and there obtained the 
 king's permiffion, under his own hand, to travel 
 into foreign countries, for the improvement and 
 completion of his education. A thirft of know- 
 ledge, of every kind, was the ruling paffion of 
 our author. His mind was not unfurnifhed with 
 fcience, and he was arrived at a proper age to make 
 travelling an ufeful amufement : it was not, there- 
 fore, his deiign, as it is that of too many of our 
 young gentry and nobility, merely, in the admi- 
 rable words of the fatyrift, 
 
 to faunter Europe round, 
 
 And gather every vice on chriftian ground, 
 See every court, hear ev'ry king declare 
 His royal fenfe of operas and the fair •, 
 
 Dun c i ad, book iv. 311. 
 but accurately to obferve the antiquities, arts, re- 
 ligion, laws, learning, manners and cuftoms, of 
 every country through which he might happen to 
 pafs. An inftance of which diligence and curio- 
 fity Mr.. Boyle hath recorded in his works, vo- 
 lume thefecond, page 206, who received from our 
 author, whom he confulted on the occafion, a va- 
 luable and exact account of the method, by which 
 the magazines of fnow are preferved in Italy, for 
 the ufe of the tables of the great and luxurious. 
 During his flay at Rome, he informs us of an in- 
 cident too remarkable to be omitted, as it may 
 
 ferve 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; v 
 
 ferve to vindicate the memory of an unfortunate 
 and imprudent man, who, however over- zealous 
 for the ceremonies of the church, feems to have 
 been falfly accufed of a propensity to popery. " I 
 " was at Rome," fays our author, " in the com- 
 " pany of divers of the Englifh fathers, when the 
 " news of Archbiihop Laud's fufferings, and a 
 " copy of his fermon, came thither. They read 
 " the fermon, and commented upon it, with no 
 " fmall Satisfaction and contempt ; and looked on 
 " him, as one that was a great enemy to them, 
 " and flood in their way, whilft one of theblack- 
 " eft crimes imputed to him, was, his being po- 
 " pifhly affected." 
 
 Our author's early affection to and fkill in the 
 fine arts, appeared during his travels ; for we find 
 that he delineated on the fpot, the profpects of 
 feveral remarkable places that lie betwixt Rome 
 and Naples •, more particularly, " The three Ta- 
 " verns or the Forum of Appius," mentioned in the 
 twenty eighth chapter of the Acts •, " The Pro- 
 " montory of Anxur -, A Profpecl: of Naples 
 " from Mount Vefuvius ; A Profpecl: of Vefuvi- 
 " us, as it appears towards Naples ; The mouth 
 " of Mount Vefuvius : " all thefe were en- 
 graved from our author's Sketches by Ho are, an 
 artift of character at that time. Architecture, 
 Painting and Sculpture, he particularly Studied, 
 con amore, as the Italians fpeak ; and he feems 
 to have contracted an acquaintance with thofe per- 
 fons, who were molt eminent in each branch of 
 thefe arts, which constitute the chief ornaments of 
 human life. Nanteuil, the famous French en- 
 graver, feems to have been his particular favourite •, 
 
 a 3 who, 
 
vi The LIFE of 
 
 who, befides drawing a portrait of him in black 
 and white with Indian ink, engraved a print of 
 him in m,dc,l, mentioned in the catalogue of his 
 works pubiifhed by Florent le Comte, in his 
 Cabinet des fmgularites d' architecture, peinture, 
 fculpture, et graveure, in three volumes, octavo, 
 printed at Bruffels in m.dcc,ii, under the follow- 
 ing title : " Yvelin, dit le petit milord Anglois, 
 " ou le portrait grec •, parcequ'il y a du grec au 
 " bas : ou eft ecrit auffi, meliora retinete. The 
 Greek fentence is taken from Isocrates's ora- 
 tion to Nicocles : BovXov tcl$ uwcls, Ty$ ctfirrs 
 
 VTiOUrtfMX. /A<jL.X\CV, V\ TOV GQfJLCLTGS TLCLTcLXlTniV. 
 
 Let your pictures rather preferve the memory of 
 your virtues, than of your perfon. 
 
 Mr. Evelyn returned to Paris, in one thou- 
 fand fix hundred and forty feven •, and having let- 
 ters recommendatory to Sir Richard Browne, 
 his majefty's minifter there, he made his addrefles to 
 his only daughter MARY,whom he foon after mar- 
 ried, and by whom he became pofTefTed of Sayes- 
 Court near Deptford in Kent, where he refided af- 
 ter he returned to England, which happened about 
 one thoufand fix hundred and fifty one ; fo that he 
 fpent the greateft part of feven years, being fome- 
 times in England, in his travels. To this lady, 
 the character of the celebrated As pas i a might be 
 applied : fhe was */_aA>) xg] ao(p)t " both beau- 
 " tiful and wife ; " and added to her natural and 
 acquired abilities, a gentle and tender temper. 
 
 Sometime before this period he had com- 
 menced author ; and the following pieces feem to 
 be the nrft productions of his pen : "Of Liberty 
 * c and Servitudes i2mo. m,dc,xlix," tranflated 
 from the French, I am inclined to believe from 
 
 Stephen 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; vii 
 
 Stephen de la Boetie, the intimate friend of 
 Montagne : " A Character of England, as it 
 " was lately prefented to a Nobleman of France, 
 " with Reflections on Gallus Caftratus, m,dc,li. 
 •' The State of France, 8vo. m,dc,lii. An 
 ". Eflfay on the firft book of Lucretius, inter- 
 " preted and made into englifli verfe, 8vo. 
 tc m,dc,lvi." This tranflation was decorated by a 
 frontifpiece, defigned by his ingenious lady Mrs. 
 Mary Evelyn , and by a panegyrical copy of 
 verfes by Mr. Waller ; in which, after he has 
 obferved that " we had now tranflations of almoft 
 " all the claflics, but that Lucretius feemed 
 " too difficult to be happily rendered into englifh," 
 he concludes as follows ; 
 . Lucretius, like a fort, did fland 
 Untouched, 'till your victorious hand 
 Did from his head this garland bear, 
 Which now upon your own you wear : 
 A garland, made of fuch new bays, 
 And fought in fuch untrodden ways, 
 As no man's temples e'er did crown, 
 Save this great author's and your own ! 
 which conclufion alludes to thofe lines of Lucre- 
 tius himfelf ; 
 
 juvatque novos decerpere flores, 
 
 Unde prius nulli velarint tempora mufae. 
 
 To thefe tranflations he added, the year fol- 
 lowing, two others of utility to the public, which 
 he feems always principally to have confulted : 
 One was intitled, " The French Gardener j in- 
 tc ftrucliing how to cultivate all forts of fruit-trees 
 <{ and herbs, for the garden. London m,dc,lviii. 
 a 4 " 8vo." 
 
if LIFE 01 
 : - u utter, •• Hk Golden book o! St 
 
 ::h?m. erruerrhrg the Education of dnl- 
 " -" -" - " — - 7 : : ■ :: : ::::." 
 
 Turn dob ofioos and tumults ;: the nvS war, 
 
 fo unpropiti: : : ;r~ mule, ::rure:l::r author 
 
 t: - :-::t retirement at his elegant feat ;: Sayes- 
 
 t Diigufled with the mdancholy wk w of 
 
 " - " : ' u :: : . : : lis time re formed a 
 
 project tbf i fodety of learned men 3 which, re- 
 
 b k exhibits 11 " : - : Htiait :: his phi- 
 
 - . — : and contemplative mind, is here inserted 
 
 at large. It b addrefibd :: the honourable Mr. 
 
 Robert Be ;::. that ::re. urur: :: his : -_t 
 
 : r mcr 
 
 " - ;: rof : -z ::.: : gof thirty or forty 
 
 ■ acres .: Land, in fame healthy place, not above 
 
 •• twenty five miles from London ; of which a 
 
 • • good part fhould b e tall wood, and the reft up- 
 •• .: re rauures. :: :: n: iweetly irrigated. If 
 
 • - there were d ot already a h : : "e . which m ight be 
 " converted. :c:. we would err::, upon the mofl 
 •■ ::r~e:uer: l:e :: uu:. re:: :re wood, our 
 
 building, viz :re handfbme pavillkm, con- 
 taining - reterrrry. library. withdrawing-roatn, 
 " and a :_:/::. in.: u:e nruuiry: for vre iup- 
 li rue the .ruler, larders, eei.ars and offices, 
 ■• :: re ::.-.::_ er :r ere half it try rrrer ground. 
 •• Ir the lecrrd mould be a fair lodging :r amber, 
 • 1 pallet-room. : gallery and a clofet; all which 
 •• mould be well and very nobly fumimed, for 
 •• ar ::tn~ nerun that might dehre to flay any 
 
 ;:v:: . '::■:■:, ":'. 2 r ; U 
 
 " time. 
 
 .. 
 
JOHN EVELYN IV 
 
 : - z~t. 222. :■:: ".- 222.222 : ;. 2: 22 
 
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 ; - ::.-r_r.:r. irrigzz zJzztz 22222 zz 
 •• zz. i".".: 2c :r_y ;i::t:- *itr'-- z_z2- 
 cc ferre for bowls, walking, or other 
 " &c if dae company pkste. Opp 
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 •■ -rerrr :inpf. -. ni. 2: 22.2. in" 
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 •• ';""::.:; it ;;__• r 22* 1222 ~fzz rt" 
 •■ ::: :::.:r::-- :: 22Z zi~ 
 
 •• -s-iirrr:: 222: _ 2 :::x-. 2 :zll_ iz 
 ** an outward room, a cl : fe . 222 2 
 •• 222.. :: — 2 222 2:222 22Z22222 :: 
 •• 22222:- Thtrr 22:2.2 .. z~zz :t lz 
 
 •■ zz. 2 rroiiiiry ::: 
 » tote ; an aviary, <k 
 
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 •- :-. :. jc: 2.. zzzr::: 
 - LTirlfA. :: 2 _ zz; zr 
 
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 <* for a fez irti 
 " and con fcavalD i y for 
 
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 " pounds, the chape 
 
 •• 2 : 2 2 2;. 221 22 ~ 7 2 22: 
 
 . : 2ZZZZ2C 2 1 2222 225 ; 
 
 ' • I : " 222222 2 2225. 22 2 
 
 * £ teen years pBurchaie, 
 ** total, fifteen hnndro 
 
x The LIFE of 
 
 " hundred pounds will be the utmoft. Three of the 
 " cells or apartments, that is, one moiety with 
 " the appurtenances, mail be at the dilpoial of 
 <c one or the founders, and the other half at die 
 " others. If I and my wife take up two apart- 
 " ments (for we are to be decently alunder how- 
 ler I ftipulate, and her inclination will greatly 
 ci fuit with it) that fhall be no impediment to the 
 cc fociety, but a connderable advantage to the 
 " oeconomic part ; a third fhall be for fome wor- 
 " thy perfon : and to facilitate the reft, I offer to 
 " furniih the whole pavillion compleatly, to the 
 cc value of five hundred pounds, in goods and 
 " moveables, if need be for feven years, till there 
 «' fhall be a public flock, &c. There fhall be 
 tC maintained at the public charge, only a chap- 
 " lain well qualified ; an antient woman to drefs 
 ** the meat, warn, and do all fuch offices ; a man 
 " to buy proviiion, keep the garden, horfes, &c. 
 " a boy to afTiil him, and ferve within. At one 
 " meal a day, of two difnes only, unlefs fome 
 " little extraordinary upon particular days or oc- 
 " cafions ("then never exceeding three) of plain 
 " and wholefome meat ; a fmall refection at night ; 
 c< wine, beer, fugar, fpice, bread, fifh, fowl, 
 « candies, foap, oats, hay, fuel, &c. at four 
 ti pounds per week ; two hundred pounds per 
 " annum : wages, fifteen pounds ; keeping the 
 " garden?., twenty pounds - 3 the chaplain twenty 
 " pounds per annum. Laid up in the treafury 
 " one hundred and forty five pounds, to be em- 
 " ployed for books, inflruments, drugs, trials, 
 s* 6cc. The total four hundred pounds a year, 
 
 " comprehending 
 
JOHN EVELYN, E% _ri 
 
 z_g :z. liffzLzg :: — : : :zr___ - 
 
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 zz_ :z " :_". :zz iz. 
 
 :. :: i~v :; : ..;. 
 
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 ! :7_arge 9 sad of ii_d_ there : — zz: : : ■ : 
 
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 : - zizzt: ::' zze fzzzz.75 zz_z. : : ::-tz_zz: :: z. 
 
 ; - zzi :: z:.:.:z. :: zzi: .z - z.zz z: ?.::-:- 
 
 •• 7V5 :•: y 7 ; :: - - . ; zrz.z;:: :z::zf; 
 
 • :: :"r_l :: z_:- :: .z t :zz z : _t :: ;: z: lz-t 
 •• _l_-_z"r* : ye:z: z: : .": ... ::z.z_zzz_ zlzz zzzzz: :.: 
 
 •'• llzzzzi A: ziz :"z-_r._r. z zz-_zz ZZ Zt 
 
 •• :z__.p_l. 7: izzzzy "zzll lzz_z ::.z.:;z:::Z- 
 
 ■ ":: Z z_-.fr ir. zz.-: r-eitzzirr zzl_ :zz 7..\z 
 "till four. Then call tocoz rzizzz if __._ 
 
 __._: zz~:e _.:;: z. t_z_ zz zzr -fz'rirz-ry 
 Tliis never omitlfti but in cafe of firkinrfe- 
 
 ■ Piayers 2f fcven. To bod 2c ____*_. In toe 
 c - — _-.:t: :ze zzzzt . — zz::zz_ -zrzz.zzfzzzs z:_ z: 
 
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 ■ z zz. rlzzozz.zzy :z -fzrfzzzlf.. :z: Iz zz. 
 * - vizzzzT, a iBozzni on other exi*aiaaen_s. E?ay 
 
xii The LIFE of 
 
 " man to have a key of the elaboratory, pavillion, 
 " libraiy, repofitory, &c. Weekly faft. Com- 
 " munion once every fortnight, or month at leaft. 
 " No llranger eafily admitted to vifit any of the 
 " fociety, but upon certain days weekly ; and 
 " that only after dinner. Any of the fociety 
 " may have his commons to his apartment, if he 
 " will not meet in the refectory -, fo it be not a- 
 " bove twice a week. Every Thurfday mail be 
 " a mnfic meeting at converfation hours. Every 
 " perfon of the fociety fhall render fome public 
 " account of his fludies weekly, if thought fit ; 
 " and efpecially, fhall be recommended the pro- 
 " motion of experimental knowledge, as the 
 " principal end of the inflitution. There fhall 
 u be a decent habit and uniform ufed in the col- 
 " lege. One month in the year may be fpent in 
 " London, or any of the univerfities ; or in a 
 " perambulation tor the public benefit, &c. with 
 _" what other orders fhall be thought conveni- 
 " ent." 
 
 The moment any profpecl appeared of the ex- 
 iled king's reftoration, our author, like a good 
 patriot, quitted philcfophy for politics ; and, at a 
 very important juncture, publifhed a pamphlet of 
 great fpirit, an account of which we fhall give in 
 the words of the authors of Biographia Bri- 
 
 TANNICA. 
 
 " The conduct of Mr. Evelyn in this cri- 
 " tical year, m,dc,lix, which v, r as in truth the 
 " moft active in his whole life, is hardly taken 
 u notice of by any of thofe who have undertaken 
 " to preferve his memoirs ; and, therefore, 
 
 " we 
 
JCHV EVZLYV, E:z: x;_; 
 
 " weiL- Endeavour to give the reader as much 
 " light into it as poffibfe. After the death of 
 
 <• Gi: •.-£?., = r.d ir.e £r:::d:::r. :: P.:::-:.-: : 
 . romwell, there were many of the comiri - 
 'c ders in the army that Ihewed an inclination to 
 « reconcile themielves to the king; which db- 
 « pofidon-of theirs was very much encouraged, 
 "by foch as had his Majesty's intereft truly at 
 " heart. Among theie, Mr. Evelyn had a 
 « particular eye upon Colonel Hzs-bert Moa- 
 « ley,* an old experienced officer in the parlia- 
 « ment army, who had two flout regiments en- 
 « drely at his devotion, was very much efteemed 
 «* by his party, and had the general reputation of 
 "being a perfbn of great probity and honour. 
 « It was a very dangerous fiep as thing: then 
 " ftood, to make any advances to one in his fito- 
 «* ation ; yet Mi Z zi , confiderizi- ho* 
 " nuch :: ~:gd: be ir. ihi: ger.:de— £.-" = z. :: 
 '• :; :i::li:i:e :b; king's rerurn. riirl- Trn:_rzz: 
 ■ ; his lire. :;" :d~idr.g zzzz C zlzurL ::tt\j :: ~ ikf 
 < ; his £c2Zr ~z;z £~d enzrr zziz: ::zt btrriz-: ;: :/.r 
 " khzig. T:.: 3 :-Zz.zb. £Z zrdgzz: Tr-"d be zxzzzzhrd. 
 44 acbrd ccldby £zzd z£;:zzzz:bT i: d::: . b_: :.: . : 
 4i ■::;:::: M' E~i:vy'i :r;r, ir.d driirrd . 
 ; - :o rr. ike u:t c: his izi-ercbb :z, z:rz.zr_rr £ rirdcn 
 w - ::r rd~Jrlf. ir.d bzr t :: ;.; re^zizzzs ::: 
 " friends whom he named; ptofmfmg, in return, 
 w to c?>e £.1 the affiflaoce in his power to the 
 
 
xhr The LIFE of 
 
 " royal caufe. At the fame time that Mr. Eve- 
 *' lyn carried on this dangerous intercourfe with 
 " Colonel Morley, he iormed a refolution of 
 " publifhmgfomething that might take off the edge 
 " of that inveteracy, expreiTed by thofe who had 
 " been deepeft in the parliament's interefl, againft 
 " fuch as had always adhered to the king ; and 
 " with this view he wrote a imall treatife which 
 " had the defired effedt, and was fo generally 
 " well received, that it ran through three im- 
 " preffions that year : the title of this piece 
 iC was,"* An apology for the royal party, writ- 
 ten in a letter to a perfon of the late council of 
 ftate ; with a touch at the pretended plea of the 
 army. London, m,dc,lix. in two fheets in 
 4to. 
 
 " But while Mr. Evelyn, and other gen- 
 ct tlemen of his fentiments, were thus employed, 
 " thofe of the contrary party were not idle -, and 
 * c amongft thefe one Marchmont Needham, 
 " who firfl wrote with great bitternefs for the 
 " king againft the parliament, and afterwards 
 " with equal acrimony for the parliament a- 
 " gainft the king, v/as induced to pen that piece 
 " mentioned in the text, which was defervedly 
 " reckoned one of the molt artful and dangerous 
 " contrivances, for impeding that healing Ipirit 
 " which began now to fpread itlelf through the 
 " nation ; and with that view was handed to the 
 " prefs by Praise-God-Bareeone, one of the 
 " fierceft zealots in thofe times -, the title of 
 
 * Ath. Oxon. Vol. i. col. 942. 
 
 " which 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; xv 
 
 <* which at large runs thus, 55 * News from Bruf- 
 fells ; in a letter from a near attendant on his ma- 
 jerry's perfon, to a perfon of honour here, dated 
 March ioth, m,dc,lix. " The defign of this 
 " pretended letter, was to reprefent the character 
 " of king Charles the fecond in as bad a light 
 " as poffible, in order to deftroy the favourable 
 " impreffions that many had received of his na- 
 " tural inclination to mildnefs and clemency. All 
 ii the king's friends were extremely alarmed at this 
 " attempt, and faw plainly that it would be at- 
 " tended with moft pernicious confequences : but 
 " Mr. Evelyn, who had as quick a forefight as 
 " any of them, refolved to loie no time in fur- 
 " nilhing an antidote againft this poifon ; and 
 * c with great diligence and dexterity fent abroad, 
 " in a week's time, a compleat anfwer, which bore 
 " the following title, 55 The late news or meflage 
 from Bru (Tells unmafked. London, m,dc,lix. 
 4to. 
 
 " This* was certainly a very feafonable and a 
 6i very important fervice ; which, for his own 
 *' fafety, our author managed with fuch fecrecy, 
 ** that hardly any body knew from whom this 
 " pamphlet came. But how much foever he had 
 " reafon to be pleafed with the luccefs of his pen 
 " upon this occaflon, he could not help being 
 <c extremely mortified at the change he perceived 
 " in his friend Colonel Morley's behaviour, 
 " who of a fudden grew very filent and referved, 
 ** and at length plainly avoided any private con- 
 
 * Kennst's Hiftorical Regifter. p. 117. 
 
 " verfatioa 
 
xvi The LIFE op . 
 
 " venation with Mr. Evelyn. In this fituation 
 " our author had the courage to write him an ex- 
 " poitulatory letter, which was in erred putting 
 M his life into his hands •, and yet even this failed 
 M or procuring him the fatisfaction he expected: 
 " however, he felt no inconvenience from it; for 
 M this alteration in Colonel Morley's counte- 
 " nance towards him, was not at all the effects or 
 " any change in his difpofition, but arofe from 
 " his having entered into new engagements for 
 " the king's fervice with Sir Anthony Ashley 
 " Cooper, and General Monk;* who had tied 
 " him down to fuch abiblute fecrecy, that he was 
 tt not able, at that juncture, to give Mr. Eve- 
 " lyn any hint that might make him eafy : but 
 " by degrees thefe clouds were ditpelled •, and he 
 " faw plainly enough from the Colonel's public 
 " behaviour, that he had no reafon to apprehend 
 " any mifchief from the confidence he had repofed 
 " in him." 
 
 Having been gracioufly and gratefully received 
 by the king at his return, he was choien by his 
 maiefty to draw up " A Narrative of a difpute and 
 " quarrel for precedence, that happened between 
 u the Spanifh and French ambailadors," which 
 had like to have been attended with troublefome 
 cirurcuuoceu In :he year ::.i :,:xi. cur author 
 produced four pieces more : " A Penegyric at his 
 " Majefiy King Charles the iecond his Corona - 
 
 * Baker's Chron. continued by E. Phillips, London, 
 m,dc,lxxiv. fol. p. 722. ^ 
 
 " tion. 
 
: HN EVELYN, E:'r; :~ii 
 
 -.::.. London, folio, ::.r: ; :x: ; Infrrnenans 
 
 Ci concerning the creeling :: a Library, tranflaied 
 
 '- rfzrr. G.-.z.-.::: Xanji. vriih. fzrr.s iirvzr: "":- 
 " ments, London, m,dc,lxi 8yo ; Fumifii- 
 ' ' gium, or the inconveniences of the air and the 
 " fmoke of London diffipated, m,bc,lxi. 4to ; 
 • Tyrannus, or the Mode ; in a dilcouife of 
 " fumptuary lawfe, Lz.idori, m,dc,lxi. 8vo.** 
 
 It was about the ead of the fucceeding year, 
 that the king etbablifhed the Royal Society, 
 ::.dr.c.T::.:::: zzir auzhzr 13 ""ell izzilzzzezi. :: be 
 ore 0: ::s rlzzz reliov-s 1:.: z*zur:cil ;. z.zv.-g : _:b 
 before pubJiihed his "SCUL?IURA, or 
 " Hiftory of Chalcography," which needs 
 no introductory panegyric : recommend ittt the 
 reader. V.~i-.er. ore r.zz;:r. er.rr.rtz. ir doe Du:zr. 
 war jm,dc,lxiv, Mr. Evelto 25 appointed 
 :re c: zloe : :rr~::~ :ze:5. :: :;-.:zezz ir.d relieve doe 
 :::.-: rood \~z uooed. raving doe z:;:s :::■";::. Do- 
 ver i.-.d Pcmzr.zuii: lr. bo= oeozr:ooeo:. 
 
 The rifing fame of the Royal Society was 
 not a litde augmented by our author's publication 
 :■: :..z; exzedcr.: zoz elf gar.: doozurze. er.rided, 
 " Sylva; or a difcourfe of Foreft-trees, rod the 
 " Propagation of Timber in his Majefhrs Do- 
 ** minions; as it was delivered in the Royal 
 " Society the 15th October m,dc,lxii. &a~ 
 i p error::: ir.ee ~I zrr. oozlooed :: :i..oi: roe ~coz 
 valuable one :r.o: his r:z~-i z:;.o zor zoo door's 
 re.-: i: \-.\i received v.:.-. greo: zzz-.zz.l. ir.d 
 has fall continued to prefer e its reputation ; ibr 
 :::::? pj-iTed thrcugli de edozzzos ~ir. ::.::. :loe 
 laft of which appeared in m,dcc,xxix. It is no 
 
 2 exaggeration 
 
xviii The LIFE of 
 
 exaggeration to fay, it equals, if not furpafles, 
 
 the works of Cato and Columella, and 
 
 even Va r r o : 
 
 Et dubitant homines ferere, atque impendere 
 
 curam. Virgil. 
 
 And can the fwains flill doubt •, and ftill forbear, 
 To plant, to fet, to cultivate with care ? 
 
 As a diligent perufal of this ufeful treatife would 
 animate our gentry, and fupine nobility, to im- 
 prove their eftates, by the unfailing methods there 
 recommended ; fo an attentive ftudy of our au- 
 thor's next work, might, perhaps, contribute to 
 put a ftop to the difproportioned and deformed 
 edifices fo prevailing at prefent, under the names 
 of Gothic and Chinese. This evidence of 
 our author's jufler tafte is entitled, " A Parallel 
 " of the ancient architecture with the modern ; 
 " in a collection of ten principal authors who 
 " have written upon the five orders : From the 
 " French of Roland Fre art, Sieur de Cambrayc 
 " To which is added, an account of Architects and 
 <e Architecture, in an Hiftorical and Etymologi- 
 tc cal Explanation of certain Terms particularly 
 " affected by Architects. By John Evelyn. 
 " F. R. S. London, m,dc,lxiv." Architec- 
 ture, one of the noblefb offsprings of judgment 
 and fancy, feems to have been the peculiar ftudy 
 and delight of this learned family of Evelyn •, 
 as an inftance of which the following anecdotes 
 may be produced, which will not prove unaccep- 
 table to an inquifltive reader. Aubrey in his 
 Surry, Vol. 4, p. 66, informs us, that "Lord 
 
 " Aylesford 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efqj xix 
 
 '" Aylesford is Lord of the manor of Albury, 
 tc who has pulled down great part of the old 
 " buildings -, " to which text this note of 
 J. Evelyn is fubjoined : " My kinfman, Capt. 
 " George Evelyn, who had been a great 
 " traveller, built the great dining-room and 
 " apartment for Mr. Henry Howard, after- 
 " wards Duke of Norfolk, in order to a noble 
 " palace, &c. But the Duke, growing diilblute, 
 " neglected this defign, and all other honourable 
 " things. His grandfather, who purchafed At- 
 " bury, would have fold any eflate he had in 
 " England (Arundel excepted) before he would 
 " have parted with this his darling villa, as I 
 " can mew you in "that brave peribn's letter to 
 " me from Padua. J. E." i. e. John Evelyn. 
 And again ? page 68, on Albury we find another 
 note, by John Evelyn. " This invention, of 
 " levelling the hills by wafrring down the fands, 
 " was not found out by Mr. Charles Howard, 
 " hut fhewed him by Captain George Evelyn 
 " fa kinfman of mine) who took away a great 
 " hill of land at Wotton, which made that 
 <c large fquare for the garden there. J. E." 
 
 This fame year alio our indefatigable writer, 
 ever intent on the public good, publiihed two 
 treadles more : " Mo*r%lw 7% 'Avoiiiols ; that is, 
 " Another part of the my fiery of Jefuitifm, or 
 " the new herefy of the j emits ; publicly main- 
 s * tained at Paris in the College of Clermont, the 
 '.* twelfth of December, m,dc,lxi. This is 
 the only piece of a ccntro vernal turn, I can find 
 among Mr. Evelyn's productions. The next 
 
 b 2 performance 
 
xx The LIFE of 
 
 performance was intitled, " Kalendarium Hor- 
 " tenie -, or the Gardener's Almanack, directing 
 " what he is to do monthly throughout the year, 
 " and what fruits and flowers are in prime, 8vo. 
 " London, m,dc,lxiv." The third edition of 
 this work was dedicated to Mr. Cowley, with 
 whom our author maintained a long and inviolable 
 friendfhip ; a friendfhip that reflected equal ho- 
 nour on both. As a proof of its warmth and 
 fincerity, I cannot forbear the pleafure of tranf- 
 cribing the following effay of Cowley addreffed 
 to Mr. Evelyn : 
 
 For flill I love the language of his heart. Pope. 
 
 " I never had any other defire fo ftrong, and 
 " fo like to covetoufnefs, as that one which I have 
 " had always, that I might be mafler at laft of a 
 " fmall houfe and large garden, with very mode- 
 " rate conveniencies joined to them •, and there de- 
 " dicate the remainder of my life, to the culture of 
 
 " them, and the ftudy of nature. But 
 
 " feveral accidents of my ill fortune have 
 " difappointed me hitherto, and do ftill, of that 
 " felicity : for though I have made the firft and 
 " hardeit ftep to it, by abandoning all ambitions 
 " and hopes in this world, and by retiring from 
 " the noife of all bufinefs, and almoft company ; 
 " yet I ilick ftill in the inn of a hired houfe and 
 " gardens, among weeds and rubbifh, and 
 <c without that pleafanteft work of human in- 
 " duftry, the improvement of fomething which 
 " we call (not very properly, but yet we call) our 
 " own. I am gone out from Sodom ; but I 
 
 " am 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; xxi 
 
 " am not yet arrived at my little Zoar. O let 
 " me efcape thither (is it not a little one ?) and 
 " my foul fhall live ! I do not look back yet ; 
 " but I have been forced to Hop, and make too 
 " many halts. You may wonder, Sir, for this 
 " feems a little too extravagant and pindarical 
 " for profe, what I mean by all this preface : 
 6 < it is to let you know, that though I have mif- 
 " fed, like a chymift, my great end, yet I ac- 
 " count my affections and endeavours well reward- 
 " ed by fomething that I have met with by 
 " the bye ; which is, that they have procured me 
 " fome part in your kindnefs and efteem, and 
 " thereby the honour of having my name fo 
 <c advantageoufly recommended to pofterity, by 
 " the epiftie you are pleafed to prefix to the moft 
 " uieful book that has been written in that kind, 
 " and which is to laft as long as months and 
 " years. Among many other arts and excellen- 
 1 ( cies which you enjoy, I am glad to find this 
 " favourite of mine the moft predominant ; that 
 " you chufe this for your wife, though you 
 " have hundreds of other arts for your concu- 
 " bines : though you know them, and beget fons 
 " upon them all, to v/hich you are rich enough 
 " to allow great legacies ; yet the iflue of this 
 " feems to be defigned by you to the main of 
 " the eftate ; you have taken moft pleafure in 
 " it, and beftowed moft charges upon its edu- 
 " cuation •, and I doubt not to fee that book, 
 " which you are pleated to promife to the world, 
 44 and of which you have given us a lar-ge ear- 
 
 b 3 « neft 
 
xxii The LIFE of 
 
 " neft in your Kalehder, as accomplished as any 
 " thing can be expected, from an extraordinary 
 " wit and no ordinary expences, and a long ex- 
 " perience. I know no body that poffeffes more 
 cc private happinefs than you do in your garden ; 
 " and yet no man who makes his happinefs more 
 " public, by a free communication of the art 
 " and knowledge of it to others. All that I 
 " myfelf am able yet to do, is only to recom- 
 " mend to mankind the fearch of that felicity, 
 " which you inftrucl: them how to find and 
 " to enjoy. 
 
 " Happy ,art thou, whom God does blefs 
 tc With the full choice of thine own happinefs ; 
 
 " And happier yet, becaufe thou'rt bleft, 
 
 " With prudence how tochufe the beft. 
 u In books and gardens thou haft plac'd aright, 
 
 " (Things which thou well do'ft underftand, 
 " And both do'ft make with thy iaboroius hand,) 
 
 u Thy noble, innocent delight: 
 " And in thy virtuous wife, where thou again do'ft 
 " meet 
 
 " Both pleafures more refin'd and fvveet; 
 
 " The faireft garden in her looks, 
 
 " And in her mind the wifeft books. 
 ^ Oh, who would change thefe fort, yet folid joys, 
 
 *' For empty fhews ? and fenfelefs noife ; 
 
 " And all which rank ambition breeds, 
 " Which feem fuch beauteous flowers, and are fuch 
 r pois'nous weeds ?'■ 
 
 About 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; xxiii 
 About this time the Univerfity of Oxford 
 received a noble and lafting teflimony of Mr. 
 Evelyn's gratitude to the place of his educa- 
 tion : for it was he who prevailed on Lord 
 Howard, afterwards Earl of Norwich, and, on 
 the death of his brother, Duke of Norfolk, to 
 beflow on that Univerfity, the invaluable col- 
 lection of hiftorical marbles, which had been 
 brought chiefly from the ifland of Pharos ; and 
 which contain many curious and authentic infcrip- 
 tions relative to the Hate of Athens, and expla- 
 natory of feveral circumftances in the hiftory of 
 Greece. 
 
 These authentic monuments, celebrated through- 
 out Europe, the delight and admiration of all 
 learned travellers, have been very lately removed 
 by an order of the Univerfity into one of the pub- 
 lic fchools, and are there ranged in regular or- 
 der and well preferved. The repofitory is mark- 
 ed over the door, Museum Arundel ianum. 
 Lord Howard was alfo ftrongly importuned by 
 Mr. Evelyn to fend to Oxford an exquifite 
 ftatue of Minerva •, but his fudden death pre- 
 vented its removal from Arundel Houfe in the 
 Strand. 
 
 The nineteenth publication of our author, 
 was riius entituled : "The Hiftory of the three 
 " late famous Impoflors, viz. Padre Ottoma- 
 " no, pretended fon and heir to the late Grand 
 * e Signior ; Mahomet Bei, a pretended prince 
 " of the Ottoman family ; and Sabbatai Levi, 
 •' the fuppofed Mefliah of the Jews ; in the year 
 b 4 ." m,dc,lxvi. 
 
xxlv The LIFE of 
 
 " MjDCjLXvi : with a brief account of the 
 " ground and occafion of the prefent war be- 
 " tv/een the Turk and the Venetian, 8vo. Lon- 
 " don, m,dc,lxviii. : ' Thefe little hiftories 
 abound with curious facts ; many of which Mr. 
 Evelyn fays he received from the mouth of a 
 Pcrfian ftranger of quality, who had lately re- 
 fided in London. It is worthy notice, that this 
 agreeable piece was highly commended in the 
 Acta Eruditorum Lipsiensium, A. D. 
 m,dc,xc. p. 605. with this very remarkable 
 circumitance, " that the pretended Mahomet 
 " Bei was at that very juncture in the city of 
 " Leipfic." 
 
 The fucceedino; fummer Mr. Evelyn made 
 a journey to Oxford -, and was honoured, by the 
 Univerfity, with the degree of Doctor of Civil 
 Law, as a teftimony of their gratitude for the 
 favours bellowed on them by his interceffion, as 
 well as becaufe he reflected fame on the Univerfity 
 itielf from having received his education at Baliol 
 College. 
 
 The hiftory of the life of a man of learning, 
 muft neceffarily be in a great meaiure the hiftory 
 of his works, the time, and the occafion of their 
 feveral publications. Sir George Mackenzie, 
 an admired effay-writer of that age, having 
 written " A panegyric on folitude j" our author, 
 by way of antidote, publifhed a piece entitled, 
 " Public Employment and an Active Life, pre- 
 *' ferred to Solitude:" and foon after, he gave 
 tlit public, " An Idea of the Perfection of Paint- 
 
 ' ' mg, 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; xxv 
 " tog, demonstrated from the principles of Art, 
 " and by examples conformable to the obferva- 
 " tions which Pliny and Quintiiian have made 
 " on the moft celebrated antient Painters. From 
 " the French of Roland Freart, 8vo. London 
 " m,dc,lxviii." An elegant tafbe, and a per- 
 fect knowledge of this fine art, reign throughout 
 this entertaining little treatife, which amply de- 
 ferves * a new edition as it is now become lcarce. 
 And this is a proper place to add, that our au- 
 thor not only underftood the arts of Painting and 
 Sculpture himfelf, but warmly patronized their 
 moft eminent profefTors. Gibbons, the carver, 
 was by him recommended to Charles the 
 fecond : and Hollar, from the following ac- 
 count of his works, feems to have lived fome 
 time with our Author at Wotton ; as feveral of 
 the profpects, enumerated in the catalogue here 
 inierted, lie in the neighbourhood of Wotton. 
 
 Among the — " Profpectus aliquot locorum 
 " in diverfis provinciis jacentium, aW. Hollar 
 " Bohemo delineat. et aqua forti ^ri infculpt. 
 " A. D. m,dc,xliii. Londini" — are the follow- 
 ing; En^lifh views : 
 
 i. London, from the top of Arundel houfe. 
 
 2. Hascomb-Hill in Surry. 
 
 3. Weston Place in Surry. 
 
 * A correcl edition of this book, of the fame fize with this 
 edition cf the Kiitory of Chalcography, is preparing for 
 Hxc prefs : to which will be added, a New Preface. 
 
 4. Thi 
 
xxvi The LIFE of 
 
 4* The Ruins of Bramber-Caftle in Suflex. 
 
 5. Aula Domus Arundelianas Londini fep- 
 tentrion: verfus. 
 
 6. Eadem, Merid: verfus. 
 
 7. Thetford Abbey. 
 
 S. Newark Abbey, in Surry. 
 
 9. Bramber-Castle. 
 
 10. Another view of Ruins of the fame. 
 
 11. Another of the fame. 
 
 12. Quinboro' Cattle in the Ifle of Sheepey. 
 
 English views in — " Amoeniflimi aliquot lo- 
 " corum in diverfis provinciis jacentium prof- 
 " pectus, a W. Hollar, delin. et infculpt. 
 tc Londin. m,dc,xliii, et xliv." 
 
 1. London. Moll beautiful perfpective. 
 
 2. Whitehall, with Lambeth in diftant 
 profpecl. 
 
 3. Tothill-fields, with London and Wefl- 
 minfter at a Diftance. 1 
 
 4. Windsor. 
 
 5. Aldbury in Surry. * 
 
 6. Another view of the fame. 
 
 7. Another of the fame. 
 
 8. Another of the fame, with a diftant 
 view of Shire. 
 
 9. Another of the fame, with the fteeple of 
 Shire. 
 
 * Mr. W. Hollar has etched twelve different views of this 
 place, (o very rare, that none but the oppofite one (viz,N°. 
 5.) could be procured, Sic. Aubrey's Surry, v. 4, p. 66.. 
 
 10. Another 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; xxvii 
 
 io. Another of the fame. 
 
 The reft are chiefly German profpecls. 
 
 Hollar has engraved fome views in a blacker 
 manner than we commonly find in his pieces, . 
 which are admirable. Profped:. &c. Colonic 
 M, DC, xxxv. 
 
 King Charles the fecond refolving to erect 
 a board of trade, thought he could not fix on a 
 properer perfon for one of its firft members than 
 Mr. Evelyn. How well he was qualified for 
 this commiffion, appears by a treatife he publifhed 
 foon after his nomination, entitled ; " Navigation 
 " and Commerce, their original and progrefs, 
 u 8vo. m,dc 3 lxxiv i" which judges of commer- 
 cial matters have pronounced to contain, in a very 
 fmall compafs, the moil material points in that 
 fubject of fuch importance to an Englifhman. 
 
 The Royal Society having ordered in one 
 of their afiemblies, in m,dc,lxxv, that every 
 member fhould pronounce a difcourfe on fome 
 fubjecl: of experimental philofophy, Mr. Evelyn; 
 prefented them with a treatife entitled, " Terra; 
 M a philofophical difcourfe of Earth, relating to 
 " the culture and improvement of it for vegeta- 
 " tion, and the propagation of plants ;" which 
 was received with the applaufe due to its exaclnefs 
 and utility. 
 
 Voltaire has fenfibly remarked, that " the 
 " greater!: geniuffes have always appeared either be- 
 " fore Academies or Societies, or independently of 
 " them. Homer and Phidias, Sophocles and 
 . fC Apelles, Virgil and Vitruvius, Ariosto 
 
 and 
 
xxvi Xme LIFE of 
 
 4C arid Mi :haei Angelo, were never of any A- 
 
 " cademy ; and Newton was not indebted to the 
 " Royal Society for any of his difcoveries in Optics, 
 * 6 Gravitation, Fluxions or Chronology. What 
 li purpofe or end, therefore, do Academies an- 
 <c fwer : or what is their chief utility ? Why 
 " to cheriih, to keep alive, and to diffufe thole 
 * : lights, which, thefe great Geniufes have en- 
 " kindled." 
 
 Thz winter of m,dc,lxxxiii, being memo- 
 rably (evere, the fine plantations ot our author 
 a: Saves Court funered irreparable damage -, of 
 which he gave a philofophical and pathetical 
 accou nt to the R c y a i S : cut y , the fucceeding 
 tpring. " This garden was exquifite," fays 
 Mr. North, * " being moft tofcarefque ; and, 
 4t as it were, an exemplar of his book of foreft 
 t; trees." But the Czar of Mufcovy, who 
 a r :erwards reiided in this houfe of Mr. Eve- 
 lyn, to be near Deptford-Yard, committed al- 
 moft as great devaluations on his delicious garden, 
 - : his lamentable frolt. 
 
 After King James afcended the' throne, 
 we find our author in December m,dc,lxxxv,1; 
 appointed, with the Lord Vifcount Tivict, and 
 
 [>nel Robert Phillips, one of the com- 
 miffioners for executing the great office of Lord 
 
 vy Seal, in the abfence of Plenry Earl of 
 
 * ~L:rz of Lord Keeper Guilfop.d. p. 286. 
 1 Britannia, p. 1864. 
 
 Clarendon, 
 
 
JOHX EVELYN. Eiq; xxix 
 
 Clarendon, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland ; which 
 e held till March n, m.dc.lxxxvi, when 
 be King was pleaded to appoint Henry Baron 
 Iruxdil of Wardour Lord Privy Seal. He 
 -Tote nothing during this reign.' 
 
 After the revolution, he was made treafurer of 
 j:ee." wich hofpital: and notwithitanchng his avc ; a- 
 Ai:.^-md the punctuality he ever obferved in execut- 
 ig his offices, he found leifure to add to his nume- 
 ous and various treaties already publifhed the 
 hree following ; " Mundus Muliebris; or 
 
 the Ladies drefiing room unlocked, and hex 
 ; toilette fpread. In Burlefque, London, 
 4 m,dc,xc, 4to; Monfieur de la Quintinge's 
 4 treatife of Orange trees, with the railing of 
 1 melons, omitted in the French editions, Lon- 
 4 don, m,dc,xciii. js Mr. Evelyn, about 
 wenty years before, received a vilit from Mon- 
 leurde la Qtixtinge, and prevailed on him 
 d communicate :o him fame directions in rela- 
 ;,on to managing melons, for the cultivation of 
 mich Qu :x:i s : z was remarkably famous ; 
 >ho, accord: ugly, tranfmitted them to our au- 
 hor from P»:: ; . The third work was entitled : 
 ' Numifmata ; a difeourfe of Medals ancient 
 4 and modern: together with fjrne account of 
 
 heads and effigies of illulirious perfons, in 
 4 Sculps and Taille Douce, of whom we have 
 4 no medals extant . and of the ..;:-$ to be de- 
 ed from them. To which is added, a di- 
 * greffion concerning P: iiognomy, London, 
 6 m,dc,cxvii, ft ;-;;:: s '; : 
 
 wn 
 
xxx The LIFE of 
 
 on this treatife as one of the beft on the fub-. 
 ject in any language : it is faid to have been 
 tranflated into French, and is greatly admired by 
 foreigners of taile. 
 
 We are now arrived at the laft publication, 
 with which our author enriched the republic of 
 literature ; which bears no fignature of age 
 or impaired abilities, though he was now in 
 his eightieth year. It was called, " Acetaria ; 
 " a Difcourfe of Salletts, by J. E. author of 
 " the Kalendarium, London, 8vo. m,dc,xcix." 
 It was dedicated to Lord Somers, who did, 
 indeed, deferve a dedication : he was the real 
 Memmius of his age ; 
 
 -Quern tu, Dea, tempore in omni, 
 
 Omnibus ornatum voluifti excellere rebus. 
 
 Lucretius, Lib. i. 28. 
 
 Nor was Mr. Evelyn lefs generous in im- 
 parting his knowledge to others, than indefati- 
 gable in compofing himfelf. Bifhop Gibson! 
 was by him furnifhed with the Remarks he added 
 to Camden's Britannia, in his account of £". 
 he largely contributed to the valuable works of 
 Mr. * Haughton, and J Mr. Aubrey \ jnd 
 was ever ready to lend his beft afTntance to any. 
 curious enquirer, in any branch of that circle of 
 
 * Hauchtok's Hufbandry. Vol. 4. p. 132; 
 \ Miscellanies, p. 87. 
 
 arts 
 
JOHN EVELYN, Efq; xxxi. 
 
 rts and fciences, of which he was fo accomplifhed 
 matter. He was, however, accuftomed to fty : 
 .imlelf, humbly, " A Pioneer in the fervice or 
 ' the Royal Society:" he certainly removed 
 nanv obit-ructions ; and fmoothed the roads, 
 hat led directly to the temple of Wisdom and 
 
 FllUTH. 
 
 If we admire the number and the variety of 
 he pieces he published, that admiration will be 
 ncreafed, by a ihort enumeration of his works 
 :hat remain unpubliihed, but ior the execution or 
 ■vhich he had collected the more valuable mate- 
 dais. His great work was to have been intitied, 
 : < A general Hiflory of all Trades : " Of this 
 ihe Chalcography was a part. Next may be 
 mentioned five treaties, containing a full view 
 d\ the feveral arts of <s Painting in oyl, in mini- 
 u ature, anealing in glafs, enamelling, and 
 *' making marble paper : The plan of a roysl 
 " garden; defcribing and mewing the amplitude 
 " of that part of the Georgics, which belongs 
 " to horticulture :" And, laftiy, a moral 
 work, to be entituled, " A Treadle on the digni- 
 " ty of Man." 
 
 Full of age and honours, having long been 
 blelTed with genius and virtue, our amiable author 
 departed this life in his eighty fixth year, Feb. 2 -. 
 m,dcc,v-vi; and was interred at Wotton, unt 
 a tomb of about three feet high of fret (tone, 
 111 aped like a coffin, with an inicripdon upon a 
 white marble ftone with which it is covered,* ex- 
 
 Avbret's Natural Hiftory of Surry. V. 4. p. 131. 
 
 preffing, 
 
xxxii The LIFE op 
 
 preffing, according to his own intention, " That 
 " living in- an age of extraordinary events and 
 " revolutions, he had learned from thence this 
 " truth, which he defired might be thus com- 
 " municated to pofterity :" That all is va- 
 nity, WHICH IS NOT HONEST ; AND THAT 
 THERE IS NO SOLID WISDOM, BUT IN REAL 
 PIETY. 
 
 By his excellent wife, who furvived him about 
 three years, he had five fons and three daughters : 
 of the latter, only one furvived him, Susannah, 
 married to William Draper of Adfcomb in 
 Surry, Efq; of the former, all died young, ex- 
 cept Mr. John Evelyn, the author of many 
 admired tranflations both in profe and verfe, and 
 of fome original compofitions in Dryden's 
 Mifcellanies. He was the father of the prefent 
 Sir John Evelyn, created a Baronet by letters 
 patent, bearing date July 30, m,dcc,xiii. 
 
 The 
 
THE FOLLOWING 
 
 CORRECTIONS and ADDITIONS 
 
 ARE TAKEN FROM THE MARGIN OF THE 
 
 AUTHOR'S Printed Copy, 
 
 COMMUNICATED BY 
 
 Sir JOHN EVELYN, Bart. 
 
 IN the lift of authors, for Lihavins, read Liba-' 
 
 nius. 
 
 Page 56, line 6 -, after engraved, add from the 
 paintings now at Hampton-Court, 
 
 Page 62, line 19 •, after cut, add (which Jerome 
 Lennier fhewed me, and, I think, is now in 
 his Majefty's cabinet) 
 
 Page 6$, line 20 •, for chofen read executed ; line 
 2_i, for executed read chofen. 
 
 Page 6g, line 5; after Holbein, dele the 
 Dane. 
 
 J Page 6g, line 7 ; after Erafmus, add Morise 
 encomium •, the trial and crucifixion of Chrift. 
 
 c Page 
 
( xxxiv ) 
 
 Page 78, line 3 ; after folio, add and for my 
 Parallel of Architecture better than that of 
 this treatife. 
 
 Page J 9, line 6 ; after Warwickshire, add Mr. 
 Ashmole's Garter. 
 
 Page 79, line ult. ; to Cuftos, is the following ad- 
 dition : Dominicus Cuftos, and Wolfangus 
 Kilian, from the paintings of Wickgram 
 and others, 'The effigies of the Duke of Bava- 
 ria, with the reft in his Atrium Hercicum 
 for all the famous perfons of that century, 
 both . of Europe and Afia: 
 
 Page 80, line 1 1 ; for omit, read pafs. 
 
 Page 87, Infert the following note on line 6; 
 Flore nt le comte, in his Singuliaritez 
 T? Architecture^ &c. gives a catalogue of the 
 works of Nanteuil, in which he men- 
 tions My Effigy graven by this rare fculp- 
 tor, with this impertinent miftake : cs Yve- 
 " lin, dit le petit mi Lord Anglois, on le 
 " Portrait Grec ; parcequil y a du Grec au 
 " has, ou eft ecrit auffi Meliora retinete : 
 " il eft en Ovale. Yvelin, called the little 
 " Englilh lord, or the Greek portrait, be- 
 " caufe there is a Greek infcription at bot- 
 " torn ; where likewife is written, Retain _ 
 " thebeft .; it is in Oval." 
 
 Page 
 
( XXXV ) 
 
 Page 89, line 23 ; after Thefis, add The Seige 
 of la Rochel in large. 
 
 Page 93, line 2 ; after Majefty, add t\iz Duke of 
 Norfolk. 
 
 Page 95, in the Note ; after England, add great 
 grandfather to the prefent Duke of Norfolk. 
 
 [P^o-Q 96, line antepenult, for Libavius, read 
 Libanius. 
 
 Page 98, line 25 ; for inflructive, read in- 
 ftructor. 
 
 Pase 128, Infert the following note on the word 
 applicable in line 17 . This art, fince the 
 publifhing of this [firfb] edition, is- arrived- to 
 the utmoft curiofity and accuratenefs even 
 of the rarefl miniatures, in black and white ; 
 and takes in all fubjecls : the only defect is, 
 that the plates laft not fo long under the 
 rolling preis . 
 
 At the end of the book, the Author has written 
 the following remark : Monier, a painter 
 of the French king's, has . publifhed the hi- 
 itory of painting, fculpture, architecture, 
 and graving, in three books ; which is tran- 
 slated into Englifli and printed London 1699. 
 In the laft chapter of the third book, c. 22, 
 he treats of Taille-douce, but little which 
 is not already in mine. 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
( xxxvi ) 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Page 1 6, line penult. ; for pojiulatum, read puf- 
 tulatum. 
 
 Page 30, line 21 \ for $pv[xavos read Apv^covos, 
 
 Page 87, line 18 ; for Hejfelin, read Hedelin-, and 
 for Chaplain, read Chapelain. 
 
 Page 99, line 11 ; for Pyrgotoles, read Pro- 
 
 TOGENES. 
 
 Page ii2, line 13 ; for Nitia, read Nicias. 
 
 Directions to the Binder. 
 
 Place the Head of the Author before the Title -page. 
 — «— the Engraved plate before page 108 
 — « the Mezzotinto Head before page 128 
 
 T O 
 
TO THE 
 ONOURABLE 
 
 AND 
 
 Learned Gentleman, 
 
 ROBERT BOYLE, Efq; 
 
 Si i 9 
 
 HAV ING, upon your reiterated, 
 inftances, which are ever com- 
 mands with me, prepared this treatife 
 concerning the hiftory of Chalcogra- 
 phy, &*c. I thought myfelf engaged 
 to fignify to the reft, that may poiTibly 
 receive fatisfaction or benefit from it, 
 to whom they are obliged for the 
 
 B publica- 
 
[ 2 ] 
 
 publication of it. The truth is, as it 
 refpects the pains which I have taken, 
 it hears not the leaft proportion with 
 my ambition of ferving you ; but as 
 you are pleafed to judge it ufeful for 
 the encouragement of the gentlemen 
 of our nation, who fometimes pleafe 
 themfelves with thefe innocent diver- 
 iions, collections worthy of them for 
 divers refpects ; and, efpecially, that 
 iuch as are addicted to the more noble 
 mathematical fciences, may draw and 
 engrave their fchemes with delight and 
 afiurance ; I have been induced to 
 think it more worthy your patronage, 
 and of my finall adventure, who pro- 
 fefs to have nothing fo much in my 
 defires, and which I -more avow the 
 purfuit of, than to employ the whole 
 remainder of the life, which GOD 
 mail ailisrn me, and that I can redeem 
 from its impertinencies, in contribu- 
 ting to that great and auguft deilgn, 
 
 which 
 
[;3 ] 
 which your illuftrious and happy ge- 
 nius does prompt you to, of cultiva- 
 ting the faiences, and advancing of 
 ufeful knowledge, emancipated from 
 the Axons; contentions and little fruit 
 of the former, and the envy and im- 
 pofture of the latter ages. 
 
 Sir, this is not in the leafr to flatter 
 you -, nor can I have other aim in it, 
 than that, by your great example, I 
 might excite fuch as, like you, have 
 parts and faculties, to things that are 
 glorious and worthy of them. Your 
 ftudies are fo mature and univerfal, 
 your travels fo highly improved, and 
 pour experience fo well eftablifhed, 
 :hat, after I have celebrated the con- 
 verfation which remits from all thele 
 perfections, it is from ycu alone, that 
 If might defcribe the character of an 
 iccomplifhed genius, great, and wor- 
 thy our emulation. But though your 
 nodefty does not permit me to run 
 B 2 through 
 
[4] 
 
 through all 'thofe tranfcendencies ; yet> 
 the world is fufficiently inftructed by 
 what you cannot conceal, that I fay 
 nothing of fervile, and which will not 
 abide the teft ; fo as I have been often 
 heard to exult in the felicity of this 
 conjuncture of ours ; which, (lince 
 thofe prodigies of virtue, the illuftrious 
 Tycho, Bacon, Gilbert, Harvey, 
 Digby, Galileo, Periesky, Des 
 Cartes, Gassendi, Bernier his dif- 
 ciple now in Perfidy and the late in- 
 comparable Jacomo Maria Favi, 
 &c.) has produced us nothing, which 
 will fupport the comparifon with you, 
 when I mall pronounce you, and as 
 indeed your merits do challenge it, the 
 phoenix of this latter age. 
 
 And now that I mentioned Signor 
 Favi, I will not conceal with what 
 extafy and joy I lately found his me- 
 mory, which I have fo much and fo 
 often heard mentioned abroad by fuch 
 
 as 
 
.[ 5 3 
 
 as had the happinefs to know him in- 
 timately, confecrated by the eloquent 
 pen of Monfieur Sorbiere, in a dif- 
 courfe of his to Monfieur Vitre con- 
 cerning the utility of great travel and 
 foreign voyages; becaufe it approaches 
 fo near to the idea which I have pro- 
 pofed, and may ferve as an encou- 
 ragement and example to the gentle- 
 men of our nation, who for the moil 
 part wander and fpend their time 
 abroad in the purfuit of thofe vain 
 and lower pleasures, fruitlefs, and alto- 
 gether intolerable. But, Sir, I will 
 crowd no more into this epifile, al- 
 ready too prolix, which was only de- 
 figned to accompany this piece, and 
 fome other ufeful and more liberal di- 
 verfions of this nature, which I can- 
 not yet produce. But every thing 
 has its time ; and when I would re- 
 deem it to the bed advantage, it is 
 by entertaining it with fomething that 
 B 3 may 
 
• I 6 , 3 
 
 may beft declare to all the world, how 
 greatly I account the honour of being 
 efteemed, 
 
 S I R, 
 
 Your moft humble, 
 
 and moft obedient Servant. 
 
 
 Sayes-Court, 
 5th April, 1662, 
 
 J. EVELYN. 
 
 A N 
 
17} 
 
 A N 
 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 O f 
 
 Signer Giacomo F A V X 3 
 
 b y 
 
 Monfieur SORBIERE. 
 
 /^Iacomo Maria Favi, of the houfe of 
 £^** the Marefcotti of Boulonia, died above 
 thirty five years of age, near fifteen years 
 fince, in the city of Paris. It is a hiftory 
 worthy of record ; and that all the world 
 mould take notice of this incomparable per- 
 fon, as that great wit and polite philofopher 
 Monfieur Sorbiere does defcribe him. For 
 as much, fays he, as it feems to be a very 
 great reproach, that neither prince nor flate 
 have hitherto had the confid-eration or the 
 courage to undertake, what one particular 
 perfon alone did refolve upon for the univer- 
 B 4 fal 
 
[ 8 ] 
 
 fal benefit and good of the public. For it was 
 upon this deiign, that he engaged himfelf ex- 
 prefsly, making the moil exact obfervations, 
 and colledting the crayons, prints, defigns, 
 models, and faithful copies, of wjjatfoever 
 could be encountered through the whole 
 circle of the arts and fciences, the laws, and 
 the cuft.oms pracnfed wherever he arrived. 
 He had already acquired by ftudy a thoufand 
 worthy and curious particulars -, he defigned 
 excellently well, underflood the mathematics, 
 had penetrated into the moil curious parts of 
 medicine ; and was yet fo far from the lead 
 pedantry, that he would, when fo dilpofed, 
 play the gallant as handfomely as any man ; 
 and which he was indeed able to do, enjoy- 
 ing a plentiful revenue of near three thoufand 
 jpounds ilerling a year, which he ordered to 
 be paid him by bills of exchange, wherefoever 
 his curiofity mould invite him. But other- 
 wife, truly his equipage was very fimple, and 
 his train reduced to only one fervant, which 
 he was wont to take in every town where he 
 made any flay. He had already viiited Italy, 
 Germany, "Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Holland 
 and "England, from whence he came into 
 France, to go into Spain. Finally, he arrived 
 at Paris Anno mdcxlv, with one Bourdo?ii> 
 a fculptor dwelling near the ^Inilleries-, where, 
 he no fooner appeared, but he was immedi- 
 ately 
 
[9] 
 
 ately found out and known by all the virtuofi, 
 and as foon informed himfelf of all that were 
 extraordinary and confpicuous for all forts of 
 curiofities, whereof he carefully took notice : 
 but efpecially he made an intimate acquaint- 
 ance with one Monfieur Petit, a very rare 
 land curious perfon, and indeed greatly re- 
 (enabling the genius of this noble gentleman, 
 |as being one who for thefe fifty years pail dis- 
 covered a wonderful ardor for the fciences, 
 and a diligence fo indefatigable in the refearch 
 of all eftimable and worthy inventions, as that 
 it is a thoufand pities, and a thing not to be 
 conceived indeed without infinite regret, that 
 this age of ours could never yet approach 
 him. So laudable and worthy of praife, have 
 his expences been upon divers machines and 
 experiments, beyond the forces of a private 
 perfon j that had he but been fupported, as 
 at fir ft he was by the French king, and the 
 great cardinal de Rzchl/'eu, under whom he 
 enjoyed divers honourable and handfome em- 
 ployments j he had, perhaps, amongft all the 
 arts through which he run, found out fome 
 abridgments and perfections new and altoge- 
 ther ftupendous 5 and as, indeed, he has al- 
 ready done to admiration, fo far at leaft as his 
 difcretion and his affairs would give him leave. 
 But to return to our new Dtmocritus, Signor 
 J"ay I. He had made provision of fundry 
 
 huge 
 
1 10 ] 
 
 huge volumes, which were no other than the 
 defigns of ail forts of inftruments and machines 
 that he had feen and perufed ; befides a world 
 more which he had fent away into Italy. For 
 this curious perfon neglected nothing, but 
 went on collecting, with a mod infuperable 
 diligence, all that the mechanics had in- 
 vented for agriculture, architecture, and the 
 fabric of all forts of works belonging to fports 
 and to clothes, for ufe and for magnificence. 
 There was nothing fo fmall, and to appearance 
 trirling, which he did not caft his eyes upon, 
 and which he had not fome hand in, or im- 
 proved even to the leaft minutiae ; whether it 
 Were a device of fome hafpe, the latch of a 
 door, a fimple lock, the cover or patin of a 
 cup, a drefs, &c. even to a very tooth- 
 picker * 5 fo as he mewed no lefs than two 
 hundred toys for children to play withal, 
 forty feveral ways of plowing the ground, a 
 world of forges and mills for various ufes. 
 He vifited all the excellent workmen and ar- 
 tifans, and took famples and patterns of all 
 their rare inventions, and fomething of their 
 making. Then for receipts and fecrets, he 
 pofTefTed an infinite number of all kinds the 
 moft rare and excellent 5 fome whereof he 
 
 * Let not the reader defpife this condefcenfron of fo great 
 a perfon, for " ineft fua gratia parvis." 
 
 purchafed 
 
[II ] 
 
 urchafed at great prices, and others he pro- 
 ured by exchange. He learned the tongues., 
 yherever he came, with extraordinary facility ; 
 nd fometimes would frequent the recreations 
 nd exercifes of the places where he fojourned, 
 vdiich he ufed to perform with a facility and 
 ddrefs fo genteel and natural, as if he had 
 et been but a very youth : for by this means 
 le found, that he gained the eaiier and more 
 iree accefs into the befl companies, fo eX- 
 remely noble diiinterefted and agreeable was 
 lis fafhion and manner of converfation. And 
 hough in fundry encounters, and courts of 
 )rinces, he had been frequently regaled with 
 'ery conliderable prefents, yet would he never 
 eceive any from great perfons ; as chains of 
 jold, medals, diamonds and jewels, that were 
 )ffered him, unlefs haply it were fome title 
 )f honour and prerogative, as the permimon. 
 o bear an eagle, or a fleur de lis in his coat 
 )f arms, or the like. And when he had thus 
 ixhaufted a kingdom or a place of all that 
 was curious, and made acquaintance with all 
 lie perfons of merit in a ilate, he travelled 
 Drefently into another ; fo as there was hardly 
 i court to be found, where he had not finifli- 
 ;d his harvefl: in three or four months, till he 
 irrived at Paris, where, indeed, he was in- 
 initely furprized, and bufied among fuch an 
 i nnumerable many of able and curious perfons 
 
 of 
 
of all kinds. He had four lodgings in fevera! 
 parts o£ Paris, that fo he might be near a re- 
 treat, in whatfoever quarter he mould happen 
 to be in purfuit of curiofities ; for he ufed to 
 go much on foot, and alone, becaufe he would 
 not be troubled nor obferved by impertinent 
 fervants. But in fine, purpofing from hence 
 to travel fhortly for China by means of the 
 Portugal, he took fo much pains about de-» 
 fcribing and obferving the magnificent prepa- 
 rations which were made for the marriage of 
 the queen of Poland, that he fell fick of a fe- 
 ver and died, to the univerfal regret and for- 
 row of all that had ever fo much as heard of 
 him. And no fooner did this fad accident 
 come to the ears of the king, but he fent dili- 
 gently to fearch out all his four lodgings, to 
 fee if by any means aught of his collection 
 could be retrieved -, but they were all imme- 
 diately difperfed, and it was never found what 
 became of them. 
 
 The count Marefcotti his kinfman, then at 
 Paris, recovered only that fingle volume, 
 wherein was contained the names, arms and 
 devifes of the hands of all the princes of Eu- 
 rope, whom he had had the honour to ap- 
 proach. But his intention was, as I have been 
 credibly informed by one that did often con J 
 verfe with him, though Monfieur Sorbiere is 
 iilent of it, after he had travelled over all the 
 
 worlds 
 
[ '3 ] 
 
 world, for his defign was no lefs ample, at 
 return into his native country, to compile and 
 publifh a complete cycle and hiftory of trades, 
 with whatfoever elfe he mould judge of ufe 
 and benefit to mankind. But this had been. 
 a charity, and a bleffing too great for the 
 ! world 5 becaufe it does not depart from its 
 vices and impertinencies, and cherifh fuch 
 perfons, and the virtues which mould render 
 it w T orthy of them. 
 
 AUTHORS 
 
[ H 1 
 
 AUTHORS and BOOKS which have 
 been confulted for this Treatise. 
 
 JElianus 
 
 Angelus Roccha 
 
 Aquinas 
 
 Ari/lo teles 
 
 S. Augujlinus 
 
 Aufonius 
 
 Baptijia Alberti 
 
 Biblia Sacra 
 
 Bibliander 
 
 BoffeA. 
 
 Caniparius 
 
 CaJJianus 
 
 Cczl. Rhodoginus 
 
 Cedrenus 
 
 Cicero 
 
 Commenius 
 
 Crinitus 
 
 Curiius 
 
 Cyprianus 
 
 Diadorus 
 
 Diomedes 
 
 Donatellus 
 
 Durer 
 
 Epiphanius 
 
 Eufebius 
 
 Gajffarell 
 
 Galenus 
 
 Gorleus 
 
 Guaricus Pompo. 
 
 Greuter 
 
 Herodotus 
 
 Hefiodus 
 
 HomertLS 
 
 Horatius 
 
 Jofepbus 
 
 "Junius F, 
 
 Juvenalis 
 
 Kerkerus 
 
 Laet 
 
 Lcttus Pompon. 
 
 Leon Alberti . 
 
 Libavius 
 
 Licetas 
 
 Littleton Adam 
 
 Livius 
 
 Lubinus 
 
 Lucanus 
 
 Luithprandius 
 
 Maimomdes 
 
 Manutius 
 
 Marolles 
 
 Martialis 
 
 Nazianzen Greg. 
 
 Origines 
 
 Ovidius 
 
 Pancirolla 
 
 Petronius 
 
 Philo 
 
 Philojlratus 
 
 Picus Mir and 
 
 Pietro Santo 
 
 Plato 
 
 Plinius 
 
 Plutarchus 
 
 Du Pois 
 
 Pollux Jul, 
 
 Prudentius 
 
 Shdntilianus 
 
 Rueus 
 
 Sabinus 
 
 Sahnafius 
 
 Scaliger J of. 
 
 Semedo 
 
 Seneca 
 
 Solinus 
 
 Statius 
 
 SuetcniuS 
 
 Suidas 
 
 Tacitus 
 
 Tatianus 
 
 Tertullianus 
 
 Theocritus 
 
 Trallianus 
 
 Trifmegijlus 
 
 Thucydides 
 
 Varenius 
 
 Varro 
 
 Vajfari 
 
 Vatablus 
 
 Vermander Car. 
 
 Verulamius 
 
 Virgilius 
 
 Vitruvius 
 
 Vopifcus 
 
 Vojftus 
 
 JVoolfon 
 
 Wormius 
 
 Sir H. Wotton. 
 
 SCULP- 
 
[ IJ 1 
 
 SC U LPT 
 
 OR, THE 
 
 History and Art 
 
 O F 
 
 ALCOGRAPHY. 
 
 BOOK the FIRST. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Of Sculpture, how derived and dijlingui/hed, with the 
 Stiles and Inftruments belonging to it. 
 
 1HOSE, who have moll refined and criti- 
 cized upon technical notions, feem to dif- 
 tinguifh what we commonly name Sculp- 
 ture into three feveral arts, and to attri- 
 bute fpecifical differences to them all : for there is, 
 befides Sculptura (as it relates to Chalcography) 
 Scalptura (fo Diomedes*) and Calatura; both 
 which, according toQuiNTiLiAN-f , differ from the 
 iirft [ratione materia] " in refpect of the materials. 11 ' 
 
 f Lib. i. f 1. 3. c, 21. 
 
 For 
 
16 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 For to make but a brief enumeration only : it \fai 
 applied to feverai things ; as to working in wood or 
 ivory tcmice^ the artifts dsfeclores -, in clay, plajtice> 
 plafta ; in plaifter paradigmatice^ the workmen 
 gypfochi; in ftone-cutting colapHce, the artifts li- 
 tboxoi ; and laftly, in metals glyphice : which again 
 is two-fold ; for if wax be ufed, agogice ; if the 
 figure be of call- work, chemice-, anaglyphice, when 
 the image was prominent ; diaglyphice, when hol- 
 low, as in feals and intaglias -, encolapiice when lefs 
 deep, as in plates of brafs for laws and monumen- 
 tal infcriptions ; then the toreutice ; and the encau- 
 fiic for a kind of enamel * ; proplaftice forming, the 
 future work [ex cretd] " of clay, " or fome fuch 
 matter, as the protypus was of wax for efforma- 
 tion, and the modulus of wood : not to omit the 
 antient diatretice, which feems to have been a work 
 upon chryftal, and the calices diatreti (of which 
 fomewhere the poet Martial) whether embofTed 
 or engraven, as now with the point of a diamond* 
 &c. for I can only name them briefly, the field 
 would be too luxurious to difcourfe upon them fe- 
 verally, and as they rather concern the flatuary-art, 
 fufile and plaftic head ; which would ferve better 
 to adorn fome defign of architecture, or merit an 
 exprefs treatife, than become the prefent, which 
 does only touch the metals^ and fuch other mate- 
 rials as had not the figure finilhed through all its 
 dimenfions : though we might yet fafely, I think, 
 admit fome of the Greek anaglyptics ; argentum af- 
 perum &? poftulatum^ and, as the Latins term it, 
 ebur pingue ; for fo the poet, expofitumque alte pin- 
 * Cjel, Rmodoc. Antiq, Lsft.Lzyi Cy. 24. 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. iy 
 
 gue popcfcit ebur, &c*. Manutius calls them 
 dimidia eminent i a, and the Italians do well inter- 
 pret by Baffb and Mezzo Relievo. Hence the figure 
 is faidjtarei or ex/tare: for fo Mart i al, fiat caper; 
 and Juvenal, /lantern extra pocula caprum : as 
 from the fimilitude and perfection of the work, 
 vivere, Jpirare, calerc, it feemed " to breathe and 
 " be living," as Virgil expreiies it ; 
 Excudent alii fpirantia mollius tera. 
 
 And Horace, Et ungues 
 
 Exprimet, & molles imitabitur are capillos. 
 
 Ludit Acidalio fed non mantis afpera nodo 
 Candida non tacit a refpondet imagine Lygdcs. Mart. 
 
 For in this manner they ufed to celebrate thofe 
 rare pieces of art, diftincl: from the diaglyphice and 
 encolaptk) more properly according with our pur-' 
 pole ; and which may haply be as well exprelled 
 by calatura, and from the fignification made a de- 
 rivative octto t£ o-jcaVkr, to dig or make incifion. 
 I think Varro may have f capias for c<elatus ; as 
 Cicero fcalptus, and Pliny fcalpturatus ; yet we 
 rather follow them who derive fcalpo, /culpa, from 
 yA'Lqod and yhvtpoo ', becaufe the belt origination 
 is to preferve the foundation in the ancienter lan- 
 guages, if the mutation of letters be warranted, as 
 here in ypdcpco /cribo. The word in the holy 
 tongue, nnD> which imports an opening, (becaule 
 the plate, ftone, or whatever elfe material they 
 ufed, aperitur aliqua /ui parte, is fomewherc 
 opened when any thing is engraven upon it) attefts 
 rather to the former etymon and fignification, than 
 * Epist, ad Mccenium. 
 
 C t» 
 
i8 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 to any other material affinity : befides, that 'tis alio 
 transferable to thofe who carve with the chifTel, or 
 work in bofTe with the puntion, as our ftatuaries 
 goldfmiths and repairers do. In the glofs we meet 
 with caelum ropvos, &c. which though fome admit 
 not fo freely in this fenfe, yet Martial, fpeaking 
 of embofied cups, more than once calls them to- 
 reiimata \ 
 
 Miratus fueris cumprifca toreumata multum. Lib. 8. 
 And why may not the tori, brawn, or collops of 
 fat, be expreifed by thefe raifcd figures, and they 
 torofa plump, and (as the French has it) en bon 
 -point, as well as fufile and fictile ones ? Some round 
 chiflel or lathe perhaps it was ; but we dare only 
 conjecture* Others Ccdum a c<edo, which is to beat, 
 itrike, cut or dig •, but by what parallel authority 
 of fuch a derivative, we know not. Varro * yet 
 e calo heaven itfelf, reaching its original from the 
 very ftars. jwiXos is another, more confonant and 
 harmonious with the antient yyp kalangh^ which 
 imports to excavate and make hollow, as it is fre- 
 quently interpreted, particularly iReg. vi. 32, 35. 
 where, what the vulgar Latin renders fculpfit, Va- 
 tablus makes calavit, and Junius incidit, belt 
 of all correfponding with our purpofe. And fo in 
 the famous wrought fhield which UlyfTes purchafed 
 by his eloquence, Qu 1 n t i l i an -f- applies the word, 
 in calatura clypei Achillis, & Jites funt £s? aftiones >: 
 for fo it feems to have been much ufed on their 
 harnefs •, Livy \ reports of two famous armies fo 
 reprefented : or as more allufive yet to our plate, 
 where 'tis faid, calatura rumpit tenuem laminam \ if 
 
 • L. vr, del. L. f Lib. ii. c.iS. % Hi Jl- I- 9' 
 
 the 
 
the Hiitory of Chalcography. iq 
 
 the queftion be not rather, whether thefe works, 
 like the ancafa vafa, were not railed and emboffed ; 
 thofe expreffions of Pliny fo much favouring their 
 eminency, where he tells us, fpeaking of this very 
 art, [ita exolevit, ut fola jam vetufiate cenfeatur, uf- 
 que adeo attritis cMaturis^ ne figura difcerni poJfif\ 
 " it has now been fo long cut of ufe, that it is 
 " efteemed only for its antiquity, the graving being 
 " fo worn away, that the figures are no longer 
 " difcernible y time and age had fo greatly de- 
 faced them. 
 
 But may this fuffice for the divifion and deno- 
 mination of the Art in general; lince the title 
 which we have made choice of, is univerfally ap- 
 plicable : for fo \loquendi confuetudine] " in ordinary 
 " difcourfe, " fculptura and fcalptura import but 
 one and the fame thing, as Salmasius has well 
 noted on Solinus ; and, therefore, thofe, who 
 wrought any of thefe hollow cut-works, were by 
 fome called cavatores, and graphatores^ fays than 
 learned perfon ; whence, doubtlefs, our gravers may 
 have derived their appellation. 
 
 By this then it wOl not be difficult for any to 
 define what the Art itfelf is; whether confidered 
 in the moft general and comprehenfive acceptation, 
 or as it concerns that of Chalcography chiefly, 
 and fuch as have moft affinity with it ; fince (as 
 well as the reft) it may be defcribed to be, " An 
 " art, which takes away all that is fuperfluous of 
 u the fubjecr. matter, reducing it to that form or 
 " body which was defigned in the idea of the ar- 
 "tift:" and this, as lufficiently univerfal ; unlefs 
 in favour of the plaftic, (which yet does not come 
 C 2 undsr 
 
So S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 tinder our cognizance) we will rather receive the 
 diftinction which Michael Angelo was ufed to 
 obferve between them, that this lafl was made by 
 apportion, which is the quite contrary. But indeed, 
 neither the paradigmatic, agogic, or any of the 
 plaftic, can genuinely, and in propriety of fpeech y 
 be called Sculpture, without a catachrefis and 
 fome violence ; fince [nullum fimile eft ideni] " like- 
 " nefs is not ^amends," whether applied to the 
 matter or the tools. 
 
 And now we fpeak of Instruments, we fhall 
 find that there has been little lefs controverfy among 
 the grammarians, touching them alfo, than con- 
 cerning the very art itfelf : as whether the yXv^tov 
 ftile or fcalprum, is to be called caelum, c*eks, or 
 elites, noted by the critics from that text Job xix. 
 [quis mihi det, ut exarentur in libro ftylo ferreo, aut 
 plumbi lamina, vel caltefculpanturinjilice?'] " O 
 " that my words were — printed in a book, that 
 et they were graven with an iron pen and lead in 
 *' the rock for ever ! (where by the way, 'tis ob- 
 ferved, that this verfe comprehends, and alludes to, 
 almoft ajl the forts of antient writing and engra- 
 ving •, books, plates, ftone and ftile) and from an 
 old infcription out of Aldus, and Gruter. Mar- 
 tial, Ausonius, and the poet St at i us *, ufe 
 Cctlum frequently ; 
 
 Laboriferi vivant qua marmora calo y 
 
 Praxitelis, &c. -f- 
 
 But we will be fparing. YXv(ph^yXv(p€ior^yXv(po(.vov^ 
 as Junius^: alfo iyxoAcx.TrmpiVTTcx.yuysvSyAoc^oVmptov 
 as much as trtinpibv xSsfyov ; fo is yh.cc.pis and X&ov 
 
 * Epift. 56. Stat. 1. 4. t Sylv. It. 4. % Theocr. Thucyd. 
 
 in 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 21 
 
 m Pollux. Scalprum,is tLbiftif* cv^-nc ; with the fame 
 Junius, graphium ; lafhly, ftylu s ypcc^^ov,^-vAo', 
 o>/Aw, in Suid as ; tyk&vt^is the famePoLLux. Call 
 them point, fiile, graver, puntion, polifoer, or what 
 elfe you pleafe, we will contend no farther about it •, 
 for thefe inflruments (as despicable as they appear) 
 have fometimes proved fatal and dangerous wea- 
 pons ; as the blefied Caffianus found by fad ex- 
 perience, whofe cruel martyrdom with thefe Sales is 
 glorioufly celebrated by Pr u d e n t 1 us, -srgp/cp-Ecpar&u' 
 Hymn. ix. And thus was alfo Erixion flain, for 
 his unnatural affection, by die enraged people j 
 with other examples to be produced out of Se n e c a, 
 Plutarch, Suetonius, and others: for, when 
 upon feveral of thofe diforders, crtfnpoqtopstv (or the 
 carrying about them any weapons of iron) was made 
 capital, they did mifchief with thefe inflruments, 
 till like childrens' knives they were converted into 
 bone, which did only ferve them to write withal, 
 and arare campum cereum, to plough up their 
 fuperinduced tables, and cerei pugillares not much 
 unlike to our etching with points and needles on the 
 vernifh, in fhape and ufe refembling them, fave 
 where the obtuier end was made more deletive, apt 
 to put out, and obliterate, when they would fiylum 
 vert ere, which our burnifher, (another tool ufed by 
 Chalcographers) and polifher performs. 
 
 But to defcend to the modern names both of the 
 Art and Instrument. The French call it in 
 particular taille douce, fweet or tender cut $ whe- 
 ther wrought with the burin, (for fo they term the 
 inftrument which we the graver) or with aqua for- 
 tis. The Italians, intaglia, or ftamp, without 
 C 3 adjunct -, 
 
22 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 adjunct °, and bolino, which is doubtlefs the more 
 ancient and warrantable, as prompting the uie both 
 of the point, needle, and etching in aqua fortis, 
 by fome fo happily executed, as hardly to be de- 
 cerned from the bolio or graver itlelf : but the 
 main difference is this, that with the burin one 
 cuts-the piece all at once out of the plate immedi- 
 ately ; whereas, with the point or ftile, we only 
 cut the vernifh, razing, and fcalping, as it were, 
 the fuperficies of the plate a little, which after- 
 wards the aqua fortis corrodes and finifhes : a rare 
 invention, new, expeditious, and wholly unknown 
 to the pall antiquity ! Burin then from bolino ; and 
 why not? yea doubtlefs, this from /2«Ma, the 
 modern name of a feal and inftrument of making 
 ieals, To this we might alfo add lain, cheret : 
 and we find charafch, and charath, of the fame 
 import with %oipxxrco and ^upxrla [ to engrave ] 
 in the Greek, as Mr. Adam Littleton has acutely 
 observed in his complexion of roots. 
 
 But left too inuch of this ftufflhould (as The- 
 ocritus on another occafion ftiles it), yAvpdLvu 
 *z3-p<5r'o£cfr, " fmell of the burin," we will here make 
 an end with hard names, the pedantry and various 
 acceptations of the words j and in the chapters fol- 
 lowing endeavour to inveftigate the Original of 
 the Art itlelf, and difcourfe fbmewhat of the pro- 
 grefs it has made, to arrive at this perfection : for 
 it is not to fhew how diligently we have weeded the 
 calepines and lexicons (among all which there is 
 none over fertile upon thefe arts, or fo well fur- 
 niflied as we could have wifhed) but the refult of 
 much diligent collection, produced out of iundry 
 
 authors 
 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 23 
 
 authors, to meet in this chapter for the eafe and in- 
 ftruction of fuch, as may poflibly encounter with 
 difficulties, in the courfe of their reading fuch books 
 as treat of the mechanical or more liberal liibjecls ; 
 and, that there might be nothing of deficient as 
 to our Institution, feeing it behoved him that 
 would deduce an hiftory ab origine, to let nothing 
 efcape that was in the leaft or ufeful or inflructive, ' 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of the original of Sc u l p t u r e in general, 
 
 WE lhall not with Epigenes in Pliny*, de r 
 pofe that this art had its being from eternity -, 
 becaufe it is not fenfe, and would contradict its in- 
 vention : but if that may pafs^ which St. Au- 
 gustine affirms f, that the protoplaft, our father 
 Adam, or (as others) his good genius the angel 
 Raziel, were the nrft inventor of letters, Sculp- 
 ture may derive its pedigree from the infancy of 
 the world, and contend for its pre-eminence with 
 moil of the antiquities which it fo much celebrates. 
 For that there went feveral books about (fome where- 
 of had been long fince read in the primitive church) 
 bearing his venerable name, as that which Epi- 
 phanius and others cite ex libro Behu^ de pceni- 
 tentia Ad<e^ Ada revelatio, &c. we have no reafon 
 jo contradict: and Thomas Aquinas, in his trea- 
 * L. 7, c. 6, f L. 18. deCivit. Dei. c. 38. 
 
 C 4 tife 
 
24 SCULPTURA:or, 
 
 tile de ente & ejfentia, ipeaks of a volume of plants 
 defcribed by Adam ; and there are traditions of a 
 whole natural hiftory, with feveral other works of 
 this moft learned of all men living, as Su id as 
 doubts not to call him. Nor do we think, that 
 his unhappy fall did fo much concern his rare and 
 infufed habits, as not to leave him the moft accom- 
 plifhed and perfectly inftrudted in all thofe arts 
 which were fo highly neceiTary, and therefore thus 
 early invented -, though whether thefe books of his 
 were fo miraculoufly found out, and preierved by 
 the renowned Trismegistus, we leave to the 
 more credulous : but that letters, and confequently 
 Sculpture, was long before the flood, we make 
 no fcruple of; Suidas, whom but now we men- 
 tioned, is peremptory, afcribing (as was affirmed) 
 both letters, and all the reft of the fciences to Ad a m, 
 t8t» TTtxvru ev prison a, &c. We fhall not add 
 hereunto, what the Rabbins afTert he compofed of 
 the precepts given him in paradife, with the like 
 trafh •, but pais from thefe conjectures to others of 
 the antediluvian patriarchs mentioned by Josephus, 
 Cedrenus, and fome other authors, concerning 
 the fculptures in ftone and brick erected at Joppa, 
 containing (as fome depofe)the fidereal and celeftial 
 fciences, proof againft the two moft devouring and 
 fubverting elements, and lafting fome thoufands of 
 years after the univerfal cataclyfm. The iEthiopi- 
 ans are faid at this day to glory much in poflefling 
 the books of Set h and Enoch, as thofe who have 
 .lately written of the Abyffines relate. Or ice n, 
 St.AuGusTiNE, and H i e r o m , have likewife made 
 Jionourable mention of them ; and Tertullian 
 
 plainly 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 25 
 
 plainly reproves thofe*, who (in his time) thought 
 they could not be preferved ; Noah being himleif 
 one of the great nephews of Seth : and the pro- 
 bability that thefe ancient men of renown would 
 tranfmit to pofterity the glorious actions and at- 
 chievements which they had performed ; efpecially 
 Cham, (that is Zoroaster) a fpirit fo univerfally 
 curious, and flourifhing above an hundred years 
 before this public calamity. But to apply this to 
 the honour now of Chalcography, and juftify 
 our defign. The author of the fcholaftical hiftory 
 upon Generis fpeaks of this Zoroaster's engra- 
 ving the liberal arts on fourteen columns, feven 
 whereof he affirms to have been of brafs, and the 
 reft of brick. The fame is alfo reported by Sere* 
 Nus"f, where he adds \J,iv erf Gmm rne tailor urn lami- 
 nis\ " on plates of different metals," together with 
 fome other inferiptions thus preferved, and which 
 the noble and learned earl of Mirandula, in a cer- 
 tain epiftle of his to Marfilius Ficinus, boafts to 
 have the poflefllon of : his words are thefe ; Chat- 
 daici hi libri funt, fi libri funt, & non ThefaurL 
 Audi inferiptiones : patris Ezr^e, Zoroaftrls, & Mel- 
 -chior Magorum or acuta. In qiiibus^ £5? ilia qucque % 
 qua apud Gracos mendofa, £s? muiita circumferuntur, 
 ieguntur Integra & abfoluta, &c, " Thefe books* 
 " (faith Picus) if books it be lawful to call them, 
 " and not rather moll ineftimable treafures, are all 
 " in the Chaldaic tongue. Obferve their tides : 
 " the oracles of thole famous Magi, Ezra, Zoro- 
 •" after, and Melchior.j in which thofe particulars 
 " alfo, which have been carried about by the Greeks, 
 * De habit, mulier. f Apud Caffianum. 
 
 " maimed 
 
z6 SCULPTURA:. or, 
 
 " maimed and miferably corrupted, are here to be 
 " read perfect and entire." 
 
 Concerning the art of Sculpture immediately- 
 after the flood, there are few, we fuppofe, make 
 any confiderable queftion, as that it might not be 
 propagated by No ah to his pofterity ; though fome 
 there be, that indeed admit of none before Moses : 
 but what then fhall we think of that " book of the 
 •' wars of the Lord," which this facred author men- 
 tions, Num. xxi-, not to inlift upon the eighty-eighth 
 and one hundred and ninth Pfalms, by many 
 afcribed to fome of the patriarchs his predeceffors. 
 The above mentioned Mercurius Trismegis- 
 tus, three hundred years after the flood, and long 
 before Moses, engraved his fecret and myflerious 
 things in ftone, as ■ himfelf reports •, reforming what 
 had been depraved by the wicked Cham, fome in 
 letters, fome in figures and enigmatical characters ; 
 fuch haply, as were thofe contained in the magm-* 
 fkent and ftupendous obelifks erected by Misra 
 the frrft ^Egyptian PharoaHj which being at leafl 
 fcur hundred years before Moses (as the moft in- 
 defatigable Kir cher has computed) does greatly 
 prefage their antiquity to have been before that holy 
 prophet*. But not to put too much ftrefs upon 
 fuperannuated tradition, this we are fure is of faith 
 and without controverfy, that in Moses we have 
 the tables of ftone, engraven by the finger of GOD 
 himfelf -, where the commandment is exprefs, even 
 sgainft the abufe of this very Art, as well as an 
 inftance of the antiquity of idolatry attefting that of 
 iculpture : Thou shalt not make to thy 
 
 * Obeli s. Pamphil. 
 
 SELF 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 27 
 
 SfiLF ANY GRAVEN IMAGE*. But this which is, 
 
 indeed, the firft writing that we have fcripture to 
 vouch for, does yet pre-fuppofe Engraving to 
 have been of much greater antiquity. What elie 
 were the Teraphim? what the Penates of L a b a n 
 ftolen by Rachel? the idols ofTERAH, or the 
 ^Egyptian ? &c. But we forbear to expatiate ; 
 only that which is by Ben. Syrac fomewhere in -f 
 Ecclefiafticus delivered, that the original of idola- 
 try was from images to preierve the memory of the 
 dead, as in procefs of time by the flatterers of great 
 men it was turned to be an object of adoration, 
 plainly infers Graving to have been elder than 
 idolatry. 
 
 But now to recover its efteem again beyond all 
 prejudice (however by others abufed, as indeed 
 many of the belt things have been,) it was, we 
 know, imputed for a fpiritual talent uiBezaleel 
 and Aholiab J, who made intaglias to adorn the 
 high prieft's pectoral. And we have faid how the 
 ^Egyptians reverenced it, as feeming to have ufed 
 it before letters ; or rather their hieroglyphics (im- 
 porting facred fculpture) were thofe elements by 
 which they tranfmitted to polterity what they 
 efteemed moft worthy of record; and not (as fbme 
 have imagined) wrapped up in thofe enigmatical 
 figures, the fecrets of their arts both divine and 
 fecular : for 
 
 Nondum flumineas memphis contexere biblos 
 Noverat \ & [axis tantum volucrifque fer<eque. 
 Sculpt aque fervabant magic as animalia linguas%. 
 whence Tacitus calls them \antiquijfima monu- 
 
 * Exod, xx. t c « xiv* t xxx i Exod. § Lucanus, 1. 3. 
 
 ment& 
 
3 8 SC ULPTUR A: or, 
 
 menta memorise human*? impreffa /axis] " moflancient 
 *' records engraven on ftone." Such as were alfo 
 the horapolli?ns note, and all thole other venerable 
 antiquities of this nature, tran {ported to Rome out 
 ef JEgypt in no lefs than two-and-iorty prodigious 
 obeliiks, of late interpreted by the induiirious Kir- 
 cfHER before cited. Suidas attributes the invention 
 to the Father of the faithful, others to 
 Theut or Hermes, fome to Cadmus and the 
 Phoenicians. Bibliander will have letters and 
 fculpture from Adam, Josephus from Enoch, 
 Philo from Abraham, Eusebius from Moses, 
 Cyprian from Saturn ; where, by the way, 
 becaufe 'tis faid he did [litems imprimere] u print 
 f l letters," Peter Calaber, who much affects 
 to call hirnielf Pompon jus L,jetus, foolifhly de- 
 duces, that even the typographical art was known 
 In the age of this hero*-, but thence, as we faid, it 
 defcended to the ^Egyptians by Misraim, and 
 fo was communicated to the Perfians Medes and 
 Affyrians, thence to the Greeks, and finally to 
 the Romans, from whom it was derived to us ; as 
 Peter Crinitus in his xvnth. book de honefia 
 difiiplina-f, out of a very ancient manufcript bibli- 
 Gthecce feptimiame feems to deduce, and thus fum 
 them up together : 
 
 [Moyfes primus Hebraicas exaravit liter as-, 
 
 Mente Phccnices fagaci condiderunt Atticas; 
 
 Qucs Latini fcriptitamus, edidit Nicqflrata ; 
 
 Abraham Syr as, cj? idem repperit Chaldaicas-, 
 
 Jjis arte non minor e, protulit sEgyptiacas ; 
 
 Gulfila promjit Get arum, quas videnlus liter as. ~) 
 
 •' Moses 
 
 * V<d?xius in- Art, Hift. t Cap. i. 
 
the Hiflory of Chalcography. 29 
 
 S? Moses firfl invented the Hebrew letters-, the 
 " Phoenicians the Greek-, Nicostrata the 
 "Latin; Abraham the Syriac and Chaldaicj 
 *' Is is the Egyptian, and Gulfila the Getan." 
 
 Now, mould all this but relate to the feveral 
 characters only, it mall yet ierve our purpofe ; fince 
 whoever was the inventor of letters, was alfo doubt- 
 lefs the father of Sculpture, as is apparent, if 
 not by the former columns erected by Seth (one 
 whereof An gelus Roccha in his bibliotheca vati- 
 cana prefumes to have been of brafs) yet by feveral 
 other inftances j the writing with ink, in paper or 
 parchment, being altogether a novelty in compa- 
 rifon to the more ancient forms and materials, fuch 
 as were the flit-Hones or flates, which fucceeded 
 the (lately marbles, and preceded the thinner leaves 
 of bark and tablets of wood, which from the Ger- 
 man 'IBUC&Ct (Signifying the fcgus or beech-tree, 
 whofe fruit does fall with us retain the name of 
 buch-maji) were called books, to whatever voluble 
 or folding matter applied : for before the invention 
 of paper, they ufed the leaves of palms, as Varro 
 de Sibylla i then the rinds of trees ; afterwards iheets 
 of lead, linen, wax, and ivory, as Pliny andVo- 
 p isc us tell us ; they wrote on filk amongft the 
 Perfians and Chinefe ; and laftly, were invented 
 parchment and paper. But whether in all thefe, or 
 whatever the fubject were (fome few latter excepted) 
 it was ftill by infculping, fcarifying, and making a 
 kind of incifion into it ; especially intending to con- 
 fign to pofterity their laws, divine and human, 
 Roman, ^Egyptian, or Hebrew : for fo of old, 
 
 ' verba minacia fixo 
 
 Mrs legebantur. 
 
 ■../, «*c./, according 
 
3 o S C U L P T U R A : of, 
 
 according to the poet*. Thus were theHieronicai 
 preferved in the temple of Olympian Jove, and the 
 Roman confuls in the capitol ; and as by thofe in- 
 numerable infcription s of irrefragable and undeniable 
 antiquity does appear. 
 
 We have already computed how probable it is, 
 that Sculpture was in ufe in iEgypt fomewhat be- 
 fore, or at leaft as foon as the patriarch Abraham 
 fet his foot there : but the lefs difcerning Greeks, 
 who received it from the ^Egyptians, could tell us 
 of no writings of theirs extant before Homer, if 
 we will give ear to Josephus, before that of Ta- 
 tian (a learned AfTyrian, and contemporary with 
 Justin Martvr) where he affirms, [y^ 'O^t^y 
 fxcrou ■ztjpeo-fiuTZpo; etp'iv 6 Mwuo"^', eri q tuv t&pq 
 wjtk Gwyypcctyioovy Aiyy, $/Ax j u./x.<wj'Q?, ®xuupifog 
 
 ~£tzv?hvs, 'ETTiyfyjiJu tZ KpyjTcg o^a &.i tLuj ^Tap- 
 vlvj a.fyiytS'i Oj Ap^fea rZ VIccikovvyigm tZ toc 'Apt- 
 /ujzi77rix GuyFpac^cu/loSy 'Aa^oAy tb tw Keviavp'i, Xj 
 'lactTifos, S'lvpuavos re 59 Evy.yh.iJ t« KuTptx, ?cy 
 ' £lp'd t« 2«pyj ty 17 poaycwkfti rZ A^rhujite-, &c.~\ 
 " Moses is prior not only to Homer, but to 
 " thofe writers who lived before Homer, Linus, 
 " Philammon, Thamyris, Amphion,Musae- 
 " us, Orpheus, Demodocus, Phemius, the 
 " Sibyl, Epimenides the Cretan who came to 
 " Sparta, Aristeas the Proeconnefian who wrote 
 " the Arimafpia, Asbolus the Centaur, Isatis, 
 " Drymon, Eumelus the Cyprian, Horus the 
 " Samian, and Prosmantides the Athenian:" 
 vhere we have no lefs than feventeen Grecians 
 
 * Ovidii Metanu i. 
 
 named 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 31 
 
 named elder than Homer. There are alio enu- 
 merated the names of twenty Argive kings from 
 Inachus to Agamemnon, which flrongly infers 
 the means of recording by Sculpture and Wri- 
 ting to have been very ancient. For fo we read 
 that the poems of He si od were engraven in lead ; 
 Aristotle mentions Daphne a certain devotrefs 
 of Apollo ; Sabinus and Di odor us many others. 
 But when, or whoever it were, thence (as we laid) 
 it travelled into Greece, that theatre of the arts, 
 where it foon arrived to the fupremeft height of 
 perfection -, when being applied to the forming of 
 figures, it was celebrated by all die witty men of 
 .thofe and the fucceeding ages. Homer tells us 
 of the engraving in the Ihield of Achilles*; Hesiod 
 that of Hercules ; not to mention the fculptures 
 upon die chariot of the fun, defcribed by the poet J, 
 becaufe it is altogether fictitious, though extremely 
 ingenious, and whence haply they might have dieir 
 vekicula c<elata mentioned byQ.CuRTius-f\ But 
 whether now thefe ancient and famous peices were 
 hollow, like thofe of our burin, or the work of our 
 chiflel and repaired embodiments, might feem a dif- 
 ficulty to refolve from the frequent interpretations 
 we attributed to the verb in the former chapter ; if 
 what we have here atteiled concerning die antiquity 
 of letters, and confequently of flat incifions, pro- 
 nounce not for its pre-eminence, however this may 
 appear to the more judicious. Add to it, that both 
 plaftica (whatever others may fancy, unlefs w r e will 
 afcend to the divine figuration of the firit breathing 
 ftatue that was ever formed, and with Pliny de- 
 
 * Iliad 3. % Metam. I. 3. t L- 3- c. 3. 
 
 rive 
 
3 2 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 rive it to be before and the mother of Sculpture) 
 and the anaglyptic art, (not produced in the world 
 till about the time of Belus, and the beginning of 
 Gentilifm) were not till long after the ufe of letters, 
 if Enoch's prophecy were not preserved by un- 
 written tradition, and the former apocryphal mo- 
 numents have other foundation than the wit of the 
 Rabbins, which we can by no means aflent to in 
 the general. Befides, if we apply it to intaglias in 
 itone, feals, and the like ; for having been almoft 
 eosvous with rings (what was elfe the fignet which 
 Judah left with his daughter Ta mar ? *) it que- 
 ftionlefs derives its original before any hiflory, at 
 prefent extant in the world, divine or human, was 
 committed to writing •, of which he who has a thirft 
 to fatisfy his curiofity farther, may confult Gor- 
 LjEus, or Fortun. Licetus ^ annulis antiqiw* 
 rum : where alfo concerning their Sculpture, 
 nrfl in iron, then in gold, other metals, and flones;- 
 and of which very much might be added, both 
 touching their dignity, fignification, and how they 
 came at length to be worn fo univerfally. Some- 
 thing we might here likewife infert of their conflel- 
 lated figures, or talifmans, long fince engraven 
 upon certain inftants and periods of the fun's ingrefs 
 into fuch and fuch particular figns of the Zodiac, 
 treated of by Francis Rue us the phyfician, 
 Tralianus, and [inftar omnium'] "especially" 
 by the learned Gaffarel at large : but we haflen 
 to that which follows. 
 
 * xxxviii Gen. 1 8. 
 
 C II A P. 
 
the Hiftory of ChAlcografhy. 33 
 
 C H A P. III. 
 
 Of the reputation and progrefs ^/Sculpture amongfi 
 the Greeks and Romans, down to the ?niddle ages > 
 with form pretentions to the invention of copper 
 cuts, and their imprej/ions. 
 
 WE have now done with the original; and will 
 next endeavour to inveftigate what progrefs 
 it has made amongft thofe glorious and nniverfal 
 monarchs, when Sculpture and all other noble 
 arts were in their afcendent and highefc reputation, 
 Lmean the Greeks and the Romans : for to the firft 
 does Herodotus appropriate the perfection of 
 tliis art, not admitting it to have arrived at the 
 latter till about the time of Spurius Cassius, 
 whenBAPTisTAALBERTiafcribes it to his country- 
 men the Tufcans. 
 
 Thofe who have well furveyed the natural hif- 
 tory of Pliny, will eafily commute for theomif- 
 fion, if, out of pure indulgence to their eyes only^ 
 we forbear the tranferibing of at leaft three or four 
 entire chapters, induftriouily baulking thofe ample 
 and luxurious fields of ftatues, as under the fujile 
 and plajlic head* ; becaufe it fuits not with our pre - 
 fent defign and inftitution : for to pafs over the 
 figures in metal, thofe of gypfurn and other materials, 
 the [fculptores marmoris~\ " ftatuaries in marble" 
 were fo many, and the Greeks fo extravagantly 
 
 * & 33.' 34' 3 6 - c - f> * z > 6 - 
 
 D fond 
 
34 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 fond of their works, that at Rhodes alone, that 
 imall ifland, were no lefs than feventy-three thou- 
 sand \Jtgnd\ " ftatues •," nor v/ere there fewer at 
 Athens, Glympia, Delphi, and Several other cities, 
 whereof whole armies were transferred to Rome, 
 after Achaia had been conquered by L. Mum mi us, 
 at which period the Greek arts began to rife, and 
 be in fucll reputation among them •, and this to ib 
 high an excefs, as Pliny records of his age, that 
 there were almoft as many ftatues as men, by a 
 kind of noble contention, fays Sir H. Wot ton*, 
 in point of fertility betwixt art and nature ; and 
 which he and my lord Bacon improve to a po- 
 litic, as well as altogether an expenceful magnifi- 
 cency. It mall then fuffice that we be fparing in 
 thefe inftances, and keep ourfelves to thofe works 
 and intaglias only, which do neareft approach our 
 de/ign ; of which fort may be efteemed thofe 
 r^nc<pfa,y'if7y.a.Tcc " Seals" mentioned by Pliny, in 
 which art that famous Pyrgoteles did fo excel, as 
 made Al e x a n d e r the great ordain, that none fliould 
 prefume to carve his effigies fave him only, to 
 paint or call him befides Apelles and Lysippus: 
 EdiEIo vetuit\ ne quis fe, -prater Apellem^ 
 Finger et \ nut alius Lyfippo duceret <era r 
 
 Fcrtis Alexandri vultum fimulantia. \ 
 
 Had Queen Elizabeth been thus circumfpect, 
 there had not been fo many vi'e copies multiplied 
 from an ill painting -, as being called in, and brought 
 to Effex-houle £, did for feveral years furnifh the 
 pafbry-men with peels for the ufe of their ovens. 
 
 * Element* ArchUeB. IrrJJaurat. Scient. f Ho R. Epijl. 2. 
 
 * Where mv lord Leicester then lived. 
 
 We 
 
the Hiilory of Chalcography. 3$ 
 
 We wifh the fame might pleafe his Majesty ; 
 and that none, lave fuch as for their excellent ta- 
 lent had particular indulgence, might any more 
 dare to reprefent his iacred perfon in painting or 
 carving, than in his coin and royal fignature : for 
 it is ferioufly a reproachful thing, only to behold 
 how it is profaned by the hand of lb many vile and 
 wretched bunglers (they deferve not the name of 
 workmen) as biulh not daily to expofe their own 
 fhame in fo precious and revered a fubject : and 
 that the heads of kings and heroes mould be per- 
 mitted to hang for figns, among cats and owls, 
 dogs and afTes, at the pleafure of every tavern and 
 tipling-houfe, we have frequently Hood in admira- 
 tion of. But fo did not that of Alexander as we 
 noted j nor would Augustus make himfelf cheaper, 
 than that great mailer of his time Dioscorides 
 pleafed, whom he particularly "chofe to preferve 
 and derive his divine effigies to the after ages, and 
 to the honour of his memory, by what he left in 
 thofe fignets and other ftones which he cut for that 
 renowned emperor. Thus Sculpture began to 
 be molt eminent in ftones and gems, [auro, argento, 
 tere, ferro, ligno^ ebore, m armor e^ vitro^ &c] "in 
 " gold, filver, brafs, iron, wood, ivory, marble, 
 " glafs, C5V." as this author affirms ; where dif- 
 courfing of the famous works which were left by the 
 mafters of note upon record in his time, he feems 
 to afcribe. the invention to Dipoenus andScvLLis : 
 for we mail not here afcend fo high as Prome- 
 theus, orfpeakmuch of Ideocus, Eucirapus, 
 Lysistratus, Demophilus, D^dalus, Leo- 
 chares, Pqlicarmus, Myrmjscides, and in- 
 D 1 numerable 
 
gS S C U L P T U R A : 6r r 
 
 numerable others. It would be tedious (as we faid) 
 to tranfcribe the names but of the pieces only of* 
 all thofe renowned men whom he there celebrates 
 for their engravings on armour, cups, rings, glafs, 
 even to the very [jigulina vafa colata,] " earthen 
 " veiTels," fuch as Cotys brake ofpurpofe, left 
 fome other unexpected accident or mifchance might 
 put him into paffion, as Plutarch tells the 
 ftory*. Hydrias and water pots were thus wrought, 
 and Pliny fpeaks of the engraving even of bread. 
 *Tis yet obfervable, that very few were found who 
 took any pleafure to engrave in gold (as we con-^ 
 ceive) being too foft a metal ; but multitudes that 
 wrought in filver, efpecially the famous Mentor, 
 of whofe work Varro affirms he had a peice in 
 his pofleffion, which he infinitely valued -, for, it 
 feems, he had never finifhed above eight, which 
 were moft of them loft. Two more of his cups, 
 had L. CralTus the orator, prized at [e. hs.] 
 " an hundred fefterces, about 800/." [confejfus eft 
 tamenfe nunquamhis uti, propter verecundiam aufum.'] 
 " fo rich, it feems, and magnificent they were, 
 <c that even this great perfon profefled he never 
 " durft make ufe of them out of pure modefty* 
 6C and to avoid the cenfure of being thought too 
 " luxurious." Martial defcribes another, where 
 a lizard was fo lively reprefented, men were afraid 
 it would bite ; 
 
 Inferta phialce Mentoris manu doffa 
 Lacerta vivit, & timetur argentmn. 
 Next to Mentor, was Acragus, Boe.thus, 
 and Mys, whofe mafter-peice was expofed atRliodes ; 
 
 % Plvt. in Jpopbt-Jjpg, 
 
 efpecially 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 37 
 
 especially thofe glorious vafa and goblets of the 
 bacchanalia engraven by the forementioned Acra- 
 gus, and of bofcage chafes, and hunting. Fa- 
 mous. alfowereCALA.Mj s, A jit jpater, andSTRA- 
 tonicus, who engraved The fatyr Jleeping, a ftu- 
 pendous peice of art; then there flpurifhed Tau- 
 riseus ofCizicum, Aristus and Eunicus both 
 of them Mitylenians ; likewife Hecates., and the 
 renowned Praxiteles, about the time of Pom- 
 pey : Posidonius of Ephefus, and Ledus fa- 
 mous for reprefenting of fatties, &c. To be 
 brief (for their works are endlefs) Zopirus, who 
 engraved The court of the Areopagi in a cup, and 
 The trial of Oreftes : after him Jiyed Pytheus ? 
 and ieveral others too long here to recite. Nor 
 y/ere all thefe gravers in fiat -, but, as we faid, in 
 relievo fome of them, and more approaching to 
 the ftatuary ; befides fuch as were excellent medal - 
 lifts from Auguftus, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, 
 Galba, &c, down to the reigns of Commodus and 
 Pertinax -, for from Severus it greatly decayed, and 
 the moft tolerable engravings of the former lafted 
 but to Nerva •, the beft being thofe which were cut 
 and flamped in the time of Caligula, Claudius, and 
 Nero-, about which period Sculpture beginning 
 to degenerate in Greece, it travelled and came to 
 Rome, now opulent and victorious. But after 
 thefe, and the formerly recorded by Pliny, there 
 were not many who left either name or work fa- 
 mous to pofterity : for, befides that, the monarchy 
 was foon broken and difordered, the later emperors 
 became lefs curious, rich and magnificent ; fo as 
 even in the time of the great Const ant in e itfelf, 
 
 D 3 arts 
 
38 SC U LPTURA: or, 
 
 arts began manifeltly to degenerate : but when af- 
 terwards the Goths and Saracens had broken in 
 upon the Roman empire, and made thofe horrid 
 devaluations, they were in a manner utterly loft •, 
 as the relics which they left in ftatuary, fculpture, 
 architecture, letters, and ail other good arts do yet 
 teilify. It is true, that the ruder Danes and Nor- 
 vegians had in thefe times their runic writings, or 
 engraven letters, as in their rimftoc or primftajf) 
 lbme fquare or long peice of board, or ftaff, hav- 
 ing an almanac carved on it : fo they engraved 
 their letters on bones, either whole, or fliced, and 
 bound up together, like our tallies ; alio upon 
 iaw-bones of the greater fifhes, taken on their 
 coafts : and Wormius in Fail. Dan. 1. i. chap. 
 iS. mentions Danifh hieroglyphics on the tombs 
 of their old heroes ; lions, bears, horfes, dogs, 
 dragons, makes, C5V. wrought on the hardeft 
 rocks, together with runic characters ; fo as theie 
 nations feldom travelled without their graft or 
 graf-fex, a kind of point or ftiletto, with which 
 they ufed to carve out letters and other figures upon 
 occaiion j but it was yet fo rude, and their guftq 
 fo depraved, that they demolished and ruined all 
 thofe goodly fabrics and excellent works wherever 
 they became mailers, introducing their lame and 
 wretched manner in all thofe arts which they pre- 
 tended to reilore, even when now they became a 
 little mere civilized by the converfation of the 
 more poliihed and fiouriming countries : fo> it was 
 not any general and imaginary decay, which fome 
 have conceited to be dirfufed upon the univerfal 
 face of nature, that t.he fucceeding periods did not 
 
 emerge, 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography, 39 
 
 emerge, or attain to the excellency of the former 
 
 ages, antient mailers, and renowned works ; but 
 
 to the univerial decay of noble and heroic ge- 
 
 niuffes to encourage them: [Prifcis enim tempori- 
 
 bus r (lays Petronius*) cum adhnc raida placer ~:t 
 
 ■virtus, vigebant artes ingenna, fummuraque certamen 
 
 inter homines erat 3 ne quid proj uiurum fa culls diii 
 
 lateret : itaqne omnium herbarum fuccos Democriius 
 
 expreffit \ £f? ne lapidum virgultorumque vis lateret , 
 
 .at at em inter experiment a confumpjit : Eudoxus quidem 
 
 in cacumine excelftffimi montis cenfenuit, ut ajircrum 
 
 calique motus deprehenderet : £5? Chryfippus at ad in- 
 
 ventionem fufficeret, ter hellebcro animum deierfd : 
 
 verum, ut ad plafias converter ^ Lyjippum fiatua unius 
 
 lineamentis inharenteyi inopia exfiinxit ; iff Myrcn y 
 
 qui pane* heminum animas ferarumque are compre- 
 
 benderat, n&n invenit keredem. At nos vino, fcor- 
 
 tifque demerji, ne paratas quidem artes audemus cog- 
 
 no/cere, fed accufatores antiquitatis, vitia t ant urn do- 
 
 cemus & difcimus, &c. N elite ergo mirari, Ji pitlura 
 
 de fecit, cum omnibus diis bo-mini bufque formqjicr vi- 
 
 deatur majfa auri, quam quicquid Apelles, Pbidiafvc, 
 
 Graculi delir antes fecerunt.] " For in ancient times, 
 
 "*' (fays Petronius) when virtue was admired for 
 
 " its own fake, the liberal arts flourifhed, and there 
 
 £i was an eager emulation among men for the dif- 
 
 " covery of whatever might be uieful to poflerity. 
 
 " Thus Democritus extracted the juices of die 
 
 " various kinds of herbs, and fpent his life in 
 
 " making experiments upon minerals and plants, 
 
 ~< £ that he might be acquainted with their virtues. 
 
 * Satyr. 
 
 D 4 " Eudoxus 
 
40 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 " Eudoxus lived even to old age on the top of a 
 " high mountain, contemplating the motions of 
 "the heavenly bodies; and Chrysippus, to 
 " quicken his invention, thrice drank helebore. 
 << But to fpeak of ftatuaries, (which comes near eft 
 our inftance) " Lysippus perifhed with want, while 
 *' he was intenfely applying himfelf to finifh a cer- 
 * c tainltatue \ and Myron, who could almoft ani- 
 *\ mate his brazen figures of men and beafts, dice 
 " in extreme poverty. But we, in this age ol 
 " drunkennefs and debauchery, are too flothful, 
 " even to ftudy thole arts which are already in- 
 " vented ; we defpife antiquity, and vice is the 
 u only leffon which is taught or learned, &c. He 
 concludes: "Wonder not, therefore, if the Art 
 cc of Painting has declined - 3 lince, in the eyes 
 " of Gods and men, a heap of gold has more 
 " beauty, than all the works of thole doting Greeks 
 " Apelles and Phidias." 
 
 And if thus, even in the greateft height and per- 
 fection of the fciences, the eloquent fatyrift could 
 find juft reafon to deplore their decadence, and cen- 
 ' lure the vices of that age ; what mall we fay of ours, 
 fo miferably declining, and prodigioufly degenerate ? 
 We want Alexanders, Augustus's, fuch as 
 Francis the I. Cosmo di Medicis, Charles 
 theV. thofe fathers andMecsenas's of the arts; who, 
 by their liberality and affection to virtue, may ftimu- 
 late and provoke men to gallant exploits ; and that 
 being thereby once at their eafe from the penury 
 and neceffities which deprefs the nobleft minds', 
 they might work for glory, and not for thofe 
 trifling and illiberal rewards, which hardly would 
 - ~ - find 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 4? 
 
 find them bread, mould they employ but halfthat 
 time upon their fhiciies, which were requifite to 
 bring their labours to the fupremeft perfection. 
 Since, according to that faying, [uSh tow [x&ydAojv 
 a.®v- ylvsTcti] " nothing which is great, can te 
 l* done without leifure;" if a quarter of that which 
 is thrown away upon cards, dice, dogs, miftrefies, 
 bafe and vitious gallantries, and impertinent follies, 
 were employed to the encouragement of arts and 
 promotion of fcience, how illuftrious and magni- 
 ficent would that age be, how glorious and infi- 
 nitely happy ? We complain of the times prefent, 
 'tis we that make them bad ; we admire the for- 
 mer, 'tis the effect of our ignorance only -, and 
 which is yet more criminal, in that we have had 
 their examples to inftruct, and have made them to 
 reproach us. pardon this indignation of ours, O 
 ye that love virtue, and cultivate the fciences ! 
 
 To return to our inftitution again : Sculpture 
 and Chalcography feem to have been of much 
 ancienter date in China than with us •, where all 
 their writings and printed records were engraven 
 either on copper plates or cut in tablets of wood, 
 of which fome we pofTefs, and have feen more, re- 
 prefenting (in ill pictures) landikips, ftories, and the 
 like. Josephus Scaliger affirms, that our firft 
 letters in Europe were thus cut upon wood, before 
 they invented the [typos <s?ieos\ " metal types *, s * 
 inftancing in a certain Horologium B. Maria, which 
 he fays he had feen printed upon parchment a great 
 while fince : but Seme do* would make the world 
 believe, that the forementioned Chinefe have been 
 
 f Hill. Chin, part 1 . cap. 7. 
 
 poflefled 
 
42 SCULPTURA:or, 
 
 , pofTefTed of this invention about fixteen hundred 
 years, fome others affirm three thouiand ieven 
 hundred. However, that they were really mailers 
 of it long before us, is univerfally agreed upon \ 
 and it is yet in fuch efteem amongft them, that the 
 very artilan, who compounds the ink for theprefs, 
 is not accounted amongil the .mechanic profeflors ; 
 but is dignified with a liberal falary, and particular 
 privileges. They alio engrave upon Hone, and 
 imprint with it ; but with this difference in the 
 working off, that the paper being black, the fculp- 
 ture remains white. More admirable is that which 
 they atteft was found in Mexico, and other places 
 of the new world, where they hieroglyphized both 
 their thoughts, hiflories, and inventions, to pofterity, 
 not much unlike to the ./Egyptians, though in lefs 
 durable and permanent matter. The fame likewife 
 Jo. Laet affirms of the fculpture among the Aca- 
 dise, and thofe of. Nova Francia - y lb natural (it 
 ieems) andufeful was this art, even to the leaft ci- 
 vilized amongft the heathens. And there is, indeed, 
 nothing at which we more admire and deplore, than 
 that this facile and obvious invention, and which 
 would have transmitted to us lb many rare and ad- 
 mirable things, was never hit upon among the Greeks 
 and inventive Romans, who engrayed lb many in- 
 fcriptions both in brafs and marble, imprefled and 
 publifhed fo many thoufands of medals and coins, 
 as are in the hands and collections of the virtuofi, 
 and the bowels of the earth, wherever their con- 
 quefts extended themfeives, or eagles difplayed their 
 wings, 
 
 CHAP. 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 43 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Of the invention and progrefs ^Chalcography 
 in particular \ together with an ample enumeration 
 of the mofi renowned M ast ers, and their Works. 
 
 ^HE art of Engraving, and working off 
 from plates of copper, which we call Prints, 
 was not yet appearing, or born with us, till about- the 
 year m c c c c x c ; which was near upon fifty years after 
 typography had been found out by John Guittzm- 
 berg, or whoever that lucky perfon were (for 'tis 
 exceedingly controverted) that firft produced the 
 invention. There is a collection of ancient offices 
 adorned with feveral fculptures (if lb we may term 
 thofe wretched gravings in the infancy of this art) 
 where the devil is but one great blot (as indeed he 
 is the fouleft of the creation) and the reft of the 
 figures monochroms as ridiculous and extravagant ; 
 though ftill as the invention grew older, refining 
 and improving upon it. One of the antientefl 
 gravings which we have feen, to which any mark 
 is appofed, hath M. 3. and M. C. in one of the 
 corners of the plates ; and it was long that they 
 ufed the initial letters of their names only, and 
 fometimes but one, as in thofe of Lu c a s . Al bert 
 Durer did frequently add the year of the Lord, 
 and his own age from ten to fourteen, &c. per- 
 forming fuch things as might fharne moil of the 
 beft mafters, for the true and fteady<lefign, the in- 
 comparable proportion, and ftroke of his graver. 
 
 But 
 
44 SCUI^PTURA: or, 
 
 But Israel Martin, Schon, and the Tod e sea 
 (who is by fome furnamed, '* the mafter of the can- 
 " dleftick," becauie of the fouinefs of his ink) 
 were of the very firft, as far as we can collect:, who 
 pubiiihed any works of this kind under their names, 
 wrought off by the roliing-prefs, and whofe flender 
 attempts gave encouragement to thofe who have 
 Succeeded. 
 
 Giorgio Vasari, who has been exceedingly 
 curious in this enquiry, attributes the firft inven- 
 tion of this art to one Maso Finiguerra a Flo- 
 rentine, about Anno mcccclx, which exceeds our 
 former computation by thirty years : but then we 
 are to confider by what progrels and degrees ; for it 
 was firft only in filver, to fill with a certain encau- 
 flic or black enamel, which it ieems gave him the 
 firft hint how to improve it in plates of hrafs, which 
 leaving engraved j he did only fume, taking off the 
 impreffion with a moift paper and a rolling-pin. 
 This mean commencement was yet afterwards per-* 
 iued by Baccio Baldini a goldfmith, his coun- 
 tryman, whofe works coming to the fight of An- 
 drea Mantegna in Rome, invited that great 
 painter to give him fome defigns of his own for fys 
 encouragement ; and from thence it travelled into 
 Flanders to one Ma r t i n of Antwerp, whole works 
 (as we obferved) were ufually counterfigned with 
 M. the firft whereof were The five ivife and five 
 foolijh virgins > and A crucifix, which was fb well 
 cut, that Gerardo a Florentine painter would 
 .needs copy it : after this he pubiiihed his pour 
 evangelifis ; Our Saviour, and The twelve apqflles -, 
 A Veronica •, St, George ; Chrijl before Pilate ; An 
 
 ajfumption 
 
the Hiftory of C h a l c o gr a ph y . 45 
 
 bfj'umpiion of the B. Virgin, one of the rareft that 
 ever he did •, befides that St. Anthonfs temptation* 
 which was fo well performed, that Michael An- 
 gelo (exceedingly ravifhed with it) would needs- 
 wafh it over with his own hands. 
 
 The next that appeared of note, was the for- 
 merly mentioned and renowned Albert Durer, 
 who flourifhed about the year mdiii, and who had 
 performed wonders both in copper and wood, had 
 he once fortuned upon the leait notion of that ex- 
 cellent manner, which came afterwards to be in 
 vogue, of giving things their natural diftances and 
 agreeable fweetnefs, the defect of which Sir H. 
 Wot ton does worthily perftringe both in him and 
 fome others*. But to proceed: Albert, being 
 very young, fet forth Our lady ; fome defigns of 
 horfes after the life ; 'The prodigal ; St. Sebaftian in 
 little ; A nymph ravifhed by a monfier ; A woman on 
 horfeback , Diana chaftifing a nymph who flies to a 
 fatyr for protection, in which he difcovered his ad- 
 mirable talent and fkill in expreffing nudities ; A 
 countryman and woman playing on bagpipes, with 
 poultry, £s?c. about them ; Venus, or the tempta- 
 tion of the Hove; his two St. Chriftophers, rare 
 cuts. After that, he engraved feveral ftamps in 
 wood, proof whereof he gave in The decollation of 
 St. Jo. Bapt. with Herodias ; Pope Sixtus ; St. 
 Stephen; Lazarus; St. George; A paffion in great; 
 The loft fupper ; Chrifl's apprehenfion in the garden, 
 defcent into limbo, and refurretlion ; with eight more 
 prints of this fubject, which are held to be fpurious 5 
 All thefe he publilhed Anno mdx. The year fol- 
 ' * Element of Architeft. 
 
 lowing 
 
46 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 lowing, he fet forth The life of our lady in twenty 
 fheets rarely conducted ; The Apocalyps in fifteen 
 meets, of which the painters have made fufficient 
 ufe ; Chriji bemoaning our fins. Then applying 
 himfelf to grave in copper again, he publilhed his 
 Melancholia -, three diiferent Madonas ; with thirty 
 peices befides concerning The pajjion ; and which 
 being afterwards imitated by that rare artift Marco 
 Antonio (who had procured them at Venice) and 
 publifhed for originals (fo exactly it feems they were 
 performed) did fo incenfe Albert, that he made a 
 journey to Venice exprefly to complain of the in- 
 jury to the fenate, and obtained at laft, that M. 
 Antonio fliould no more be permitted to fet his 
 mark or plagia, which was all he could procure of 
 them. Another emulator, of Albert's was Lucas 
 van Leyden, whom, at his return into Germany, 
 he found had well near overtaken him for the fweet- 
 nefs of his burin, though fomething inferior of de- 
 fign : fuch were A Chriji bearing the crofs, and an- 
 other of his Crucifixion ; Sampfon •, David on a 
 borfa ; The martyrdom of St. Peter •, Saul and David ; 
 The Jlaughter of Goliah; the famous Piper-, Virgil's, 
 and fome other heads ; all which works did io in- 
 flame his antagonifl Albert, that in a laudable 
 revenge, he publilhed his Armed cavalier or dream, 
 in which the brightnefs and luftre of the armour and 
 horfe is rarely conducted. Then in the year mdxii 
 he fet forth fix other fmall ftories of The paffion, 
 which Lucas alfo imitated, though hardly reached: 
 then A St. George ; Solomon *s idolatry ; The baptifm 
 of our Lcrd - 3 Pyramus and Thifbe \ Ahafuerus and 
 E/lher, &c. Thefe again incited Albert to pub- 
 
 lifh 
 
the Hiilory of Chalcography. 47 
 
 lilh that Temperantia, whom he elevates above the 
 clouds •, St. Eujlathius and the hart, a mofl in- 
 comparable cut ; his Death' 's head in a fcutcheon -, 
 and feveral German coats full of rare mantiings and 
 invention ; alfo St. Hierom -, A Chriji and twelve 
 apoftles in fmall. Anno mdxxiii many heads, as 
 that of Erafmus, cardinal Albert, the Imperial elec- 
 tor's, and his own, with divers others. 
 
 Lucas again, in emulation of thefe, fet forth 
 his Jofeph, and Four evangelifts ; The angels appear- 
 ing to Abraham ; Sufanna; David praying; Morde- 
 cai triumphing; hot-, The creation of Adam and Eve ; 
 the ftory of Cain and Abel, Anno mdxxix. But 
 what procured him immortal glory was his great 
 crucifix, ecce homo, and converfion of St. Paul, in 
 which he exceded himfelf both for the work and 
 ordonance \ the diflances being better conducted 
 than Albert's, and indeed fo well obferved, as 
 gave light even to fome of the belt painters that 
 fucceded him ; fo much are they obliged to this 
 art, and to this rare workman. He graved alfo 
 feveral madonas, Our blefjed Saviour and apoftles j 
 together with divers faints, arms, and mantiings, 
 a mountebank, and many more. 
 
 But to return now into Italy from whence we nrft 
 fallied. In the time of Raphael Urbin flou- 
 rifhed the renowned Marco Antonio, who 
 graved after thofe incomparable peices of that fa- 
 mous painter ; to whom he was fo dear, that the 
 honour he has done him to pofterity will appear, 
 as long as that fchool of Raphael remains in the 
 pope's chamber at the Vatican, or any memorial of 
 it lafls : though, to fpeak truth, even of this rare 
 
 engraver, 
 
48 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 engraver, the peices which he hath publiihed feem 
 to be more eftimable yet for the choice and imita-* 
 tion, than for any other perfection of the burin ; 
 as forming mod of his figures and touches of too 
 equal force, and by no means well obferving the 
 diftances, according to the rules of perfpective, 
 that tendernefs, and, as the Italians term it, mor- 
 bidezza in the hatchings, which is abfolutely requi- 
 fite to render a peice accomplifhed and without re- 
 proach. 
 
 We have recited above what he copied after Al- 
 bertDurer : but being at Rome, and applying 
 himfelf to Raphael, he cut that rare Lucretia of 
 his, which he performed fo much to fatisfaction, 
 that divers excellent painters defired him to' pub- 
 lish many of their works. This produced Urbin's 
 Judgment of 'Paris ; at which the city was fo ravilh- 
 ed, that they decreed the golden apple to Anto- 
 nio before the fair goddefs. Then he let forth 
 The /laughter of the innocents, Neptune, The rape of 
 Helena, all of them of Raphael's defigning; alio 
 The martyrdom of St. Felix in the boiling oil, which 
 purchafed him fo much fame and credit : but this 
 excellent painter would always from that time for- 
 wards, have one of his fervants to attend only M. 
 Antonio's rolling-prefs, and to work off his 
 plates, which then began to be marked with R. S, 
 for Raphael Sancio, which was the name of 
 Urbin, and with M. F. for Marco fecit. Of 
 thefe there is A Venus defigned by Raphael, 
 Abraham and his handmaid. After this he graved 
 all thole round defigns painted in the Vatican by the 
 fame hand \ likewife the Caliope, Providentia, Juf- 
 
 titia^ 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 49 
 
 titidi the Mufes, Apollo^ Parnaffus, the Poets, Mnea s 
 and Anchifes, the famous Galatea, all of them after 
 Raphael : alio The three theological virtues, and 
 Four moral ; Pax ; Chrift and the twelve % feve- 
 ral Madonas; St. Hierome ; Tobit ; St. Jo, Baptifi j 
 and divers other faints ; befides many prints after 
 the cartoons of Raphael* which had been de- 
 signed to be wrought in tapeftry and arras, as the 
 ftories of St. Peter, Paul, Stephen, John, St. Catha- 
 rine ; and fundry heads to the life, &c. eipecially 
 i that incomparable one of Pietro Aretino the poet. 
 Some things likewife being fent by Al bert Du rer 
 out of Germany to Raphael, were, upon his re- 
 commendation, afterwards cut by M. Antonio, 
 . together with The innocents, A ccenaculum, and St* 
 ', Cecilia's martyrdom, of Raphael's invention. Then 
 he publifhed his Twelve apoftles in little •, and divers 
 
 < faints for the help of painters, as St. Hierom ; The 
 x naked woman and the lion, after Raphael 5 Au- 
 I rora -, and from the antique, the Three graces. 
 
 Marco di Ravenna was one of Antonio's 
 ; fcholars, whohadalfo, together with August in o 
 ] Venetiano, the honour to dignify his gravings 
 
 < with Raphael's cypher; though the latter often 
 { ufed a.v. 1. his own initial letters. Of both their 
 I cutting are AMadona, with AChriflus mortuus -, and 
 I in a large fheet The B. Virgin praying; and A nati- 
 
 \ vity in great alfo : The metamorphofis of Lycaon ; A 
 perfumer ; Alexander magnus and Roxana ; A ccena 
 domini; The annunciation-, all defigned by Ra- 
 
 iphael. Befides thefe were fet forth two ftories of 
 
 The marriage of Pfyche; and indeed there was hardly 
 
 any thing which ever Raphael either painted or 
 
 E defigned, 
 
 
S CULPX-URA: or, 
 
 defigned, but what was graven by one or both of 
 thefe workmen ; befides divers other things after 
 Giulio Romano, viz. all that he painted in 
 Raphael's lodge, or gallery in the Vatican, fome 
 thereof are finned with M. R. and others with A. 
 v. to fhew they had been imitated by others, as 
 was The creation ; The facrifice of Cain and Abel - r 
 Noah ; Abraham \ The paffage over the redfea ; The 
 p'omulgation of the law ; The fall of manna \ David 
 arid Goliah ; which alio M. Antonio had publifhed 
 before ; as likewife The temple of Solomon ; K\s Judg- 
 ment on the harlots ~, The queen of Sheba's vi/it ; and 
 many other hiftories collected out of the Old Tefia- 
 ment ; all which were published before Raphael's 
 deceafe. For after that, Augustino wrought 
 with Baccio Bandinelli, a fculptor of Flo- 
 rence, who caufed him to grave his Antonius and 
 Cleopatra, very rare things ; with divers other 
 deiigns, as The /laughter of the innocents, divers 
 Nudities, and Clad figures -, not to omit thofe ex- 
 cellent and incomparable drawings and paintings 
 ©f Andrea del Sarto after which he graved, 
 though in the Chrijius mortuus not altogether luc- 
 eeeding fo well as had been wifhed. 
 
 But to come again to Marco Antonio, be- 
 caufe there is not a paper of his to be loft. After 
 Raphael's death, did Giulio Romano publifh 
 fome of his own deiigns in print : I fay, after his 
 death; for before, though he were an excellent 
 painter, yet durft he never take the boldnefs upon 
 him. Such were The duel of horfes -, A Venus, 
 which he had formerly painted ; The penance of 
 Maty Magdalen \ the Four evangelifis ; and fome 
 
 Bajfo 
 
the Hiftoiy of Chalcography. 51 
 
 Baffo Relievos ; with many things that Raphael 
 had defigned for the Corridor of the Vatican, 
 and which were afterward retouched by Tomaso 
 Bar lac chi. We will not contaminate this dif- 
 courfe, with thofe Twenty vile defgns of Givlio cut 
 by M. Antonio, and celebrated with the impure 
 verfes of Peter Aretino, by which he fo difhonour- 
 ■ed this excellent art, as well as himfelf ; becaufe it 
 . deferved a feverer animadverfion and chaflifernent 
 than was inflicted upon him for it : though, to 
 (commute for this extravagancy, he publifhed The 
 martyrdom ofSi.&twrggtei in which he alfo reformed 
 thofe deiigns ofBACCio Bandinelli, to the 
 great reputation of the art of Ch a l c o g r a p h y . 
 
 About the fame time flourifhed Giovanni Bat- 
 tista Mantuano, difciple of Giulio Romano; 
 vvho publifhed a Madona ; his Armed Mars and Ve- 
 ins \ The burning of Troy, an extraordinary peice ; 
 'his prints are ufually figned I. B. M. ) alio his 
 Three Jheets of battles, cut by fome other hand ; A 
 ihyfician applying of cuppiHg glajfes to a woman, 
 thrift's journey into Mgypt ; Romulus and Remus ; 
 he ftories of Pluto, Jupiter, and Neptune ; The 
 niferies of imprifomnent ; interview of the Armies of 
 kipio and Hannibal; St. John Baptift's nativity, cut 
 >y Sebaftiano de Reggio -, all after Giulio Ro- 
 
 1ANO. 
 
 Giorgio Mantuano Ctt forth the Facciata of 
 lie pope's chapel ; Mi chael An gelo'j judgment ; 
 t. Peter's martyrdom \ The ccnverfion of St. Paul ; 
 cc. And fome plates were fent abroad about the 
 ear mdxxx, eaten with aquafortis after Parme- 
 ano. For, as [ab are, deventum ad tabu las cera- 
 E 2 tas] 
 
n SCULPTURAlor, 
 
 fas'] u brafs was fucceeded by waxed tables," in 
 writing, the ufe of the palimpfeftus, table books, 
 [plumbs lamella] " leaden plates," and the like ; 
 ib happened it alfo in this art of Chalcography •, 
 and etching with corroiive waters began by fome 
 to be attempted with laudable fucceis, as in this 
 recital we .(hall frequently have occafion to remem- 
 ber. But, whether thofe fymeters and blades 
 brought us from Damafcus, and out of Syria, and 
 wrought with thefe flrong waters, might give any 
 light to this exDeditious and ufeful invention, we 
 are not yet informed -, and the effect was fufficiently 
 obvious, after that of the burin had been well con- 
 fidered. 
 
 Ugo da Carpi did things in ftamp, which ap- 
 peared as tender as any drawings, and in a new 
 way of chiaro of euro, or mezzo-tinio, by the help of 
 two plates exactly counter-calked ; one ferving for 
 the ftladow, the other for the heightening. And 
 of this he publifhedy^ Sybil after Raphael •, which 
 fucceeded fo rarely well, that he improved the cu- 
 riofity to three colours j as his Mneas and Anchifes, 
 Defcent from the crofs, ftory of Simon Magus, a 
 David after the fame Urbin, and a Venus, do tef* . 
 tify. This occafioned many others to imitate him; , 
 as, in particular, 
 
 Baldassare Peruzzi, who graved the Her- 
 cules, Pamajfus and Mufes , and Francisco 
 Parmegiano, who having fet out Diogenes in this 
 guife, a very rare print* inftructed Antonio dj 
 Trento in the art, who publifhed his Peter and 
 Paul in chiaro ofcuro ; The Tyburtine Sybil , and A 
 Madona. But none was there who exceeded thofe 
 
 of 
 
the Hiflory of Chalcography. 53 
 
 of Beccafumi; efpecially, his Two apojiks in 
 wood, and The alchemijl in aqua fortis. 
 
 Francisco Parmegiano (whom we already- 
 mentioned) may he efteemed for one of the firft 
 -that brought the ufe pf aqua fortis into reputation ; 
 fo tender and graceful were fome of his etchings, as 
 appears in that rare Defcent of the crofs ? Nativity •, and 
 feveral other pieces. 
 
 Baptista Vicentjnq, and Del Mqro fet 
 forth many curious Land/chapes, 
 
 Girolamo Cocu The liberal fciences, &c. 
 
 Giacomo del Cavaclio c^t many things af- 
 ter R'osso Fiorentino, as The ptetamorphojis of 
 ■Saturn into a horfe -, The rape of Proferpine -, Anto- 
 ninus and thefwan ; fome qf the Herculean labours-, 
 a book oftheGWi and their transformations, whereof 
 part are after Peri no del Vaga \ alio The rape 
 of the Sabines, an incomparable print, had it been 
 perfect j but the city of Rome happening at that 
 time to be in fome diforder, the plates were loll. 
 He graved likewife forPARMEGiANO The efpoufals 
 ■of our lady, and A rare nativity after Titian ; 
 not to conceal his admirable talent in cutting of 
 onyxes, chryftals, and other eltimable ftones. 
 
 Eneas vico de Parma engraved The rape of 
 Helena after old Rosso; A Fulcan with fome Cupids 
 about him -, Leda after Mich. Angelo -, The an- 
 nunciation defigned by Titian ; the ftory of Ju- 
 dith', the portrait of Cofmo diMedicis, &c. alfo the 
 Contefi 'twixt Cupid and Apollo before the Gods ; The 
 ■converfion of St. Paul in great, a very rare ftamp ; 
 The head of Giovanni di Medicis; Charles theV; and 
 ibme rare medals which are extant in the hands of 
 E 3 the 
 
54 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 the curious : he alio publifhed St. George •, feveraj 
 habits of countries ; the Jlemmata or trees of the em- 
 perors^ and divers other famous pedigrees. 
 
 Lamberto Suave fet forth thirteen prints of 
 Chrifi and his difciples, far better graved than de- 
 figned ; alfo The refurretlion of Lazarus, and a St. 
 Paul, which arefkilfully and very laudably handled. 
 
 Gio. Battista de Cavaglieri has cut The 
 defcent from the crofs, AMadona, and many others; 
 
 Antonio Lanferri, andToMASo Barlac- 
 ohi graved divers things after Michael Angel o, 
 and procured fo many as were almoft numberlefs : 
 but what they publifhed of better ufe," were divers 
 grotefcos, antiquities, and peices ferving to archi- 
 tecture, taken out of the old buildings and ruins 
 yet extant -, which afterwards Sebastian oSerlio 
 refining upon, compofed the betted part pf that 
 excellent book of his : and of this nature, are the 
 things publifhed by Antonio Labbaco, and, 
 Barozzo daVignola. 
 
 The famous Ti t i an himfelf left fome rare things 
 graven with his own hand in wood, befides his Pha- 
 roah in the great cartoons, divers landfchapes, A 
 nativity, St. Hierom, St. Francis; and in copper, A 
 Tantalus, and an Adonis ; alfo in box The triumph of 
 faith, patriarchs, fybils, innocents, apoftles, martyrs, 
 with Ot(r Saviour horn up in a chariot by the four 
 evangelifis, do fifors and confeffors-, alfo the 5. Virgin-, 
 a St. Anna, which he firft painted in chiaro ofcuro 
 on the fepulchre oihuiai Trivifano in St. Giovanni 
 e paola at Venice •, Sampfon and Dalila j fomefbep- 
 herds and animals ; Three Bertuccie fitting, and en-t " 
 compafredwith/'r^^liketheL^Cfr^??; not to men- 
 tion 
 
the Hiftory of Ch a l c o g a. a p n y r 5 5 
 
 tion what were published by GiulioBuonasoni, 
 and thofe which were cut after Raphael, Giulio 
 Romano, Parmegiano, and feveral others. 
 
 Baptista Franco, a Venetian painter, has 
 fhewed both his dexterity in the grayer and aqua 
 fortis alio, by The nativity, Adoration of the Magi, 
 Predication of St. Peter, fome Atts of the Apoftles, 
 Hifiories of the Old Tejlatyent, after feveral excellent 
 mailers. 
 
 Renato did divers rare things after Rosso, as 
 in that of Francis the firfi his faffing to the temple of 
 Jupiter, The falutation of the B. Virgin, and A dance 
 of ten women, with feveral others. 
 
 Luc a Penni publifhed his Tws faiyrs whipping 
 of Bacchus, a Leda, Sufanna, and fome things after 
 Primaticcio: alfo The judgment of Paris; Ifaac 
 upon the altar; AMadona, AChrift efpmfim of St. Ca- 
 tharine, ThemetamorgbofisofCalifia, Concilium Deo- 
 rum, Penelope, and fome others in wood. Who 
 does not with admiration and even extafy behold 
 the works of Francesco Marcolini ? efpeci- 
 ally, his Garden of thoughts, fate, envy, calamity, 
 fear, praife, fo incomparably cut in wood. 
 
 Nor lefs worthy of commendation are The grav- 
 ings <?/Gabrielle Giolito, in the Orlando of 
 Arioflo ; as alfo thofe Eleven peices of anatomy made 
 for Andrea VefTalius, defigned by Calcare the 
 Fleming, an excellent painter, and which were 
 afterwards engraven in copper by Valve rde in 
 little. 
 
 Christophero Coriolano graved The heads 
 
 j-n Va sari's lives of the painters, being after the de- 
 
 E 4 figns 
 
5 6 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 figns of the fame Vasari ; they are in wood, and 
 rarely done. 
 
 Antonio Salamanca did put forth fome very 
 good things. 
 
 Andrea Mantegna, that admirable painter, 
 engraved his Triumphs ef Cafar with great art ; as 
 likewife Baccanalia, and Sea-Gods, a Chrift taken 
 from the crofs, his burial and rcfurreffion, which be- 
 ing done both in brafs and wood, were conducted 
 with that fkill, as for the foftnefs and tendernefs of 
 . the lights, they appeared as if they had been painted 
 in miniature. 
 
 Nor may we here omit to celebrate for the glory 
 of the fex, Propertia de Rossi a Florentine 
 fculptrefs, who having cut ftupendous things in 
 marble, put forth alfo fome rare things in ftampi, 
 to be encountred amongft the collections of the 
 curious. 
 
 And about this age, or a little after, flourifhed 
 Martin Rota, famous for his Judgment after 
 Michael Angelo in a fmall volume, much to 
 be preferred to that which is commonly fold at 
 Rome in fo many flieets j likewife his St. Anthony, 
 and divers more. J a com o Pal ma has, befides 
 his excellent Book of drawing, fet forth many rare 
 peices, very much efteemed. 
 
 Andrea Mantuano graved both in wood and 
 copper : of his were The triumph of our Saviour after 
 Titian, and fome things in chiaro ofcuro after 
 Giovanni di Bologna, and Domenico Bec- 
 cafumi, whom but now we mentioned ; alfoThe 
 Roman triumphs in imitation of Mantegna, a 
 Chrifius mortmis after Alixand. Casolini, &c. 
 
 Finally, 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. $j 
 
 Finally, towards the end of this century, ap- 
 peared Augustino and Annibal Carrache, 
 moft rare painters and exquifite engravers -, for in- 
 deed when thefe two arts go together, then it is, 
 and then only, that we may expect to fee the ut- 
 moft efforts and excellency of the bolino. Amongft 
 the famous peices communicated to us by thefe 
 mafters, we mayefteem thz Monelli, AEneas of Bar - 
 r o c i o's invention, and St. Hierom. After Ti n t o- 
 ret, the large and famous Crucifix of three fheets 
 in S. Rocco's fchool, which fo ravifhed the painter \ 
 Mercury and the Graces ; Sapientia \ Pax •, Abun-* 
 dantia chafing Mars away -, the Ecce homo of Cor - 
 reggio ; St. Francis of Cavalier Vanni •, ^Ve- 
 nus in little with a Satyr y and fome other fiudities, 
 with fomething a too luxurious graver ; St. Giuftinds 
 martyrdom of Paulo Veronese -, St. Catherine i 
 and that renowned St. Hierom of Correggio. Al-fo 
 in aqua fortis his brother Ann i bale etched ano- 
 ther Venus -, The woman of Samaria at the well % a 
 Chrifi in little -, and a Madona with the Bambino, 
 and St. John \ the famous St. Roch ; and The fpite- 
 ful coronation with 'thorns ; the Chriftus mortuus be- 
 wailed by the devout fex, the origina ] painting 
 whereof hangs in the duke of Parma's palace at 
 Caprarvola, and is in the cut one of the tendered: 
 and rareft things that can be imagined, abating 
 the vilenefs of the plate, which was moft unfortu- 
 nately chofen, though, through that accident, 
 rendered inimitable and never to be counterfeited. 
 There is likewife his Magdalen, and A landfchap? 
 touehed with the graver a little-, likewife a Silenus ; 
 all of them incomparably defigned : nor indeed, 
 
 did 
 
58 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 did any of the fore celebrated artifts exceed thg 
 Carracci, efpecially Annie-ale, for the noble- 
 nefs and freedom of his poftures, bodies and limbs, 
 which he exprefled in greateft perfection. We may 
 not omit The purification^ which he engraved and 
 Villamena made in large; nor the St. Anthony r , 
 the original whereof is in the palace of fignior 
 Francifco dellaVigna at Venice; norlaftly, The re- 
 furrecliony and the two Ccenacula. 
 
 In the time of Sixtus Quintus, and fince, lived 
 Francisco Villamena a rare workman, whe- 
 ther confidered for the equality of his hatches, 
 which he conducted with a liberty and agree ablenefs 
 fuitable to the perfection of his deiign, as is fuffi- 
 ciently apparent in that famous plate, which he en- 
 graved after Paulo Veronese, reprefenting Chrift 
 in the temple ; or in thofe things after the Vatican 
 paintings by Raphael, fome whereof being ne- 
 ver finilhed, came into a private hand : The trium- 
 phant Venus on the fea ; Mofes ; fome cuts after Fr e - 
 deric Barroccio in aquafortis; divers Cata- 
 falcos of excellent architecture; Ignatius Loyola; the 
 ftory of Pfyche containing many meets ; A combat 
 *f men calling Hones at one another ; and laftly, 
 that laborious and ufeful book, comprehending 
 The hiftorkal column ofTrajan, defigned by Giu- 
 lio Romano, andGiROLAMO Mutiano, which 
 at my being at Rome (then quite out of print) I 
 procured of his widow who was then living, but 
 would not part with the plates out of her fight. 
 
 Giovanni Magi was an excellent painter and 
 etcher, as he has fufficiently difcovered in his rare 
 perfpeclivesy landfchapes, and his Roma in the larger 
 
 cartoon ; 
 
the Hiflory of Chalcography. gg 
 
 Cartoon -, fikewife in the Nine privileged and fta- 
 tionary churches ; with the Three Magi who offer 
 jprefents to our Saviour, in allufion to his name. 
 
 Leonardo, Isabella, and Bernardino 
 Parasol, that we may furnifh all the forts of art 
 in this kind, cut exquifitely in wood, which is a 
 graving much more difficult ; becaufe all the work 
 is to be abated and cut hollow, which is to appear 
 white ; fo that (by a feeming paradox) as the mat- 
 ter diminifhes the form increafes, as one Waftes the 
 other grows perfect. Thefe all flourifhed about the 
 year mdlx, and left us three little hiftories of the 
 Salutation, Vifitation, and St. John Baptijl ; alfo 
 ChriJFs wajhing his difciples feet ; and the cuts to 
 Caftor Durante's herbal. Isabella, who was 
 his [Leonardo's] wife, publifhed a book of All 
 the forts of points, laces, and embroideries, with other 
 curious works for the ladies, being all of her own 
 invention, except the frontifpiece only, which is 
 Villamena's ; and The plants in the herbal of 
 the prince Cefi d' Aquafporte, a learned perfbn of 
 that age. Laftly, the fon did alfo put forth fome 
 few things of his work ; but was a far better painter 
 jn frefco. 
 
 Antonio Tempesta was a molt exact and rare 
 defigner ; for which his works are much more efti- 
 mable, than for the excellency of his points and 
 needles. He has left us of his eifays in aqua fortis, The 
 hiftories of the fathers; The twelve months of the year ; 
 Roma in a very large volume •, an incomparable 
 book oiHorfes, and another of Hunting, the plates 
 now worn out and retouched with the bolino ; St. 
 Hierom, and A judgment ; The wars of Charles the 
 
 fifth 
 
60 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 fifth rarely performed \ The metamorphofis of Ovid \ 
 The battles of the Jews, efpecially that of the Amale- 
 kites in great •, The creation, and Old Teftament j 
 Torquato Tajfo's Jerufalemma liber at a ; The birds 
 mid falconry in Pietro Qlina's book, with divers 
 others well known, and much efteemed by the 
 virtuofi. 
 
 Cherubino Albert i has celebrated his in- 
 comparable graver in that Prefentation of our Lord 
 in the temple, The Adam expidfed out of paradife, in 
 the Puff, divers vafa, and other peices, which he 
 wrought after Polydoro di Caravaggio and 
 Michael Angelo, commonly fold at Rome, 
 and univerfally collected. 
 
 Horatio Borgiani cut The hijicry of the bible 
 in the perijlyle of Raphael at the Vatican, fo often 
 made mention of, and out of which, as from a 
 fchool of the noblefl fcience, moft of the great 
 painters of the world have fince taken forth their 
 leflfons. He likewife published fome things in chiaro 
 ofcuro, which were rarely heightened. 
 
 Raphael Guido, a Tufcan, engraved many 
 peices afterCAVALiER Arpino, as The flagellation, 
 Romulus, Icarus, TheAngelus cuftos, Ceres, Bacchus, 
 A Chrifius mortuus, and St. Andrew the apoflle after 
 Barroccio. 
 
 Giovanni Baptista della Marca put 
 forth many devices of fhields, armour, bufts, and 
 trophies, cut in wood. 
 
 To thefe we might add thofe excellent things of 
 Camillo Graffico, and Cavalier Salim^ 
 bene, Anna Vaiana, with innumerable more. 
 But we have yet other fruitful countries to yifit, to 
 
 whofe 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 61 
 
 whbfe praifes we muft be juft ; only we may not 
 forget the incomparable St ephano Dell a Bell a, 
 a Florentine painter, now, or lately living, whole 
 entire collection in aqua fortis is defervedly admired, 
 and here in particular to be celebrated by me, in 
 acknowledgment of fome obligation I have for his 
 civilities abroad. And of this artift's works, flow- 
 ing, and molt luxurious for invention, are thofe 
 things which in imitation of C allot he did in 
 little, being yet very young : as The frames, and 
 Dances of the horfes, at the marriage of the duke of 
 Tufcany ; compartimenti, cartels, ornaments, and 
 capricios, 'for carvers and embroiderers ; A book of 
 gobbi, and divers vafa, land} chapes in rounds, and 
 others j A book of beajls done exceedingly to the 
 natural -, The principles of defign, heads, and other 
 touches very rare and full of fpirit ; feveral peices 
 of Our lady, Chrift, St. Jofeph, &c. Jacob's defcent 
 into JEgypt ♦, The proceffion and expofure of the facra- 
 metit, where there is an altar of curious architecture 
 enriched with feftival ornaments ; The cavalcado of 
 the Polonian embaffador into Rome, with divers other 
 proceedings, peices of Polonians, Per/tans, and 
 Moors on horjeback, breathing a rich and noble fancy ; 
 ztfojieges, engines for war, with Jkirmifhes, land and 
 fea fights -, The metamorphofis of Ovid ; The Sultana 
 and her fon taken by the knights of Malta -, and to 
 conclude, (for there is no end of his induftry) the 
 profpect of The Pont Neuf at Paris, than which 
 there is not certainly extant a more lively reprefen- 
 tation of the bufy genius of that mercurial nation j 
 nor a peice of greater variety as to all encounters 
 and accidents, which one can imagine may happen 
 
 amongft 
 
6i SCULPTURAiof, 
 
 amongft fo numerous a people and concourfe of 
 mankind. 
 
 Laflly (for they were likewife fome of theni 
 gravers in copper and very rare Chalcographers) 
 we mull not omit to make honourable mention here 
 of thole incomparable fculptors and cutters of me- 
 dals, whether in gems or metals ; fuch as were 
 (betides thofe we touched in the former chapter) 
 Vittor, Gambello, Giovanni dal Cavino the Pa- 
 douan, and a fon of his ; Benevento Gellini, Leone 
 Aretino, Jacopo da TrefTo, Fred. Bonzagna; and, 
 above all, Gio. Jacopo, who has almofb exceded, 
 at leafb approached the ancients : to thefe we may 
 add, Giovanni da Caftel Bolognefe, Matteo dal 
 Nafaro, Giovanni dal Cornivole, Domenica Mila- 
 neze, Pietro Maria dePefcia, Marmita, Ludovico 
 his fon, and Valerio Vincentino, who had been in 
 England in the time of Queen Elizabeth, and 
 left a fardonix which he cut, reprefenting the head 
 of that famous heroine, inferior to none of the an- 
 cients. There was likewife Michelino, who, with 
 the above named Ludovico and Vincentino, had 
 fo accurately counterfeited the ancient medals* that 
 the mofb knowing antiquaries were often at a lofs to 
 diftinguifh them. Such were alfo Luigi Arichini, 
 AlefTandro Casfari called the Greek, fo much cele 
 brated for that ftupendous medalion of Paul the 
 third* and The head of Photius the Athenian, which 
 he cut in an onyx, comparable, by the univerfal 
 fuffrages, to any of the ancients. We could reckon 
 up the works alfo of many of the reft, but it is not 
 requifite after we have given this tafte, and would 
 merit an exprefs treatife. Likewife thofe of Antonio 
 
 de 
 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 6*3 
 
 it Rofll, Cofimo da Trezzo, Philippo Negarolo, 
 Gaipar and Girolamo Mifuroni, Pietro Paulo Gal- 
 cotto, Paftotino di Sienna } not omitting that fa- 
 mous Pharadoxus of Milan, Fran. Furnius, and Se- 
 verus of Ravenna, &c . whofe works were in gold, 
 filver, copper, fteel, agates, cornelians, onyxes, 
 chryftal, jalper, heliotrope, lazuli, amethyfts, tftc. 
 yea, and to ihew how much fome of thofe modern 
 mailers exceded the ancients, even the diamond, 
 that hitherto infuperable gem, was fubdued by the 
 famous Treccia of Milan, who with ftupendous fuc- 
 cefs cutting The king of Spain's arms in a noble table, 
 was the firil that ever engraved, or made impreflion 
 into that obdurate itone. It will become fuch to 
 be well acquainted with thefe mailers labours and 
 their manner, who afpire to be knowing, and to 
 improve their judgment in medals and intagiias, 
 that necefTary, ornamental, and noble peice of 
 learning ; and not only to be well fkilled in their 
 way of delign, but to be able alio to perform ibme- 
 thing in the art themfelves : for fuch were thofe in- 
 genious and illuftrious fpirits, Geo. Battifta Sozini 
 of Sienna, and RofTo de Giugni of Florence, gen- 
 tlemen of note ; and fuch, with us, is our noble 
 and worthy friend, Elias Ash mole, Efq;, whofe 
 learning and other excellent qualities deferve a 
 more glorious infcription. 
 
 Finally, that excellent medalliit. monfieurRoTr, 
 now entertained by his Majesty for the mint, 
 and a rare workman, as well for intagiias in ftone, 
 as metal, is not to be here omitted. 
 
 We ihall fpeak in the next of thofe Germans 
 and Flemings who excelled in the art of Chal- 
 cography: 
 
64 SCULP TURA: or, 
 
 cography', not that they have exceded fome of 
 the French, but becaufe they were before them, 
 and univerfally admired/ Of thefe, the \antefig- 
 nani\ " leaders" were the forementioned Albert 
 Durer, that prodigy of fcience, whofe works we 
 have already recounted upon occafion of Marco- 
 Antonio, and therefore fhall here forbear the 
 repetition; as alfo thofe of Lucas, whofe works 
 (confirming in all of about feventy meets, and which 
 I have known fold for near an hundred pounds 
 fterling, to one * that as well underftood the value 
 of money, as of that rare collection, he being one of 
 the greateft merchants of books in Europe) are to 
 be taken blindfold, as they fay •, provided the im- 
 prefilons be black, well conferved, of equal force, 
 and not counterfeit, as there are feveral of them 
 which be, difcernible only by the curious and ac- 
 curately ikilful : for fuch (amongft others of Du- 
 rer's) zx&The creation of Adam \ The Jiory of Lot; 
 Sufanna ; The crucifix, which he cut in a fmall 
 round plate of gold for the emperor's fword, and 
 is fixed on the pummel; not before mentioned, his 
 Armed cavalier andfatyr ; and, indeed, almofl all 
 that ever he, or Lucas, graved and fet forth. 
 
 The works of Alde grave, who came very 
 near Albert, and flourifhed about the fame age, 
 are worthy the collection. His peices are diftin- 
 guifhed by the cypher of his initial letters, in 
 imitation of Durer ; as likewife the author of 
 the Septem opera miferi cordite, Stories of the hook of 
 the kings, Artemifia, &c. whofe engravings are 
 
 * Mailer Bleau of Amft-erdam 
 
 counter- 
 
the Hiflory of Chalcography. 6$ 
 
 I ' counterfigned with G.P. LB. publifhed The four 
 
 I evangelifts, Adam, A country fellow, Abiftoop, A car- 
 
 t din at, fatyrs, &c. M. The prodigal fon, The evan- 
 
 , gelifts, &c. fome whereof are copies after Al b e r t, 
 
 and moft of their works done in fmall plates. 
 
 Hans Sibald Beme hath done wonders in 
 
 I thofe fmall figures, ftories, and nakeds, which he 
 
 publifhed : it fhall not be requifite to recite here 
 
 the catalogue; becaufe his mark I-s-B is fixed to 
 
 I moft of his works, though now and then profaned 
 
 by the hands of others. 
 
 Jerome Cock, a Fleming, cut A Mofes ; 
 I thirty-two fheets of the ftory of Pfyche, defigned 
 by one Michael a painter of the fame country, 
 very rarely conducted ; alfo Dalila and Samfon -, 
 The deftruffion of the Philiftines ■> The creation of 
 \ Adam, &c. twenty-feven flories of the OldTefvament 
 nobly deligned by Marti no, and as well graved : 
 alfo The hiflory of Sufanna ; another book of The 
 Old and New T eft anient ; The triumph of patience, a 
 rare cut ; The heart on the anvil, and divers emblems 
 full of curious figures ; many Sacred triumphs - t 
 Fraud ; Avarice ; a Bacchanalia ; and A Mofes after 
 Bronzini ; in emulation whereof Gio. Mantu- 
 ano publifhed his Nativity, an incomparable print: 
 after which Jerome graved for the inventor, twelve 
 great fheets of Sorcereffes, The battles of Charles the 
 V; and for Uriesse a painter, the Perfpeclives 
 which pafs under his name, with twenty leaves of 
 feveral Buildings, befides The St. Martine in a book 
 full of Devils ; forGiROL.Bos, The alchemift, The 
 feven deadly Jins, The laft judgment, ^Carnival; and, 
 after Fr a n s Fl o r i s ten peices of Hercules 1 s labours, 
 
 F The 
 
66 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 The duel of the Horatii and Curiatii, The combat of 
 the Pigmies and Hercules, Cain and Abel, Abraham, 
 'The decifion of Solomon between the two harlots, and, 
 in fum, all the actions of human life. 
 
 And now that we mentioned Frans Floris of 
 Antwerp, the rare things which he publifhed in 
 fiamp, purchafed him the name of The Flemish 
 Michael Angelo. 
 
 Of the fame country was that incomparable Co r- 
 melius Cort. We will commence vfixhThe judg- 
 ment of Michael Angelo, which he cut in lit- 
 tle : moft of his things were after Frederic 
 Zucchero, and fome few of Raphael's ; be- 
 fides his landfchapes, and other gravings after 
 Girolamo Mutiano, which are very excellent : 
 alfo John Baptifi, St. Hierom, St. Francis, Mary 
 Magdalen, St. Euftachius, The lapidation of St. Ste- 
 phen defigned by Marco Venus to the Mantuan : 
 A Nativity after Thadeo Zucchero, St. Anne y 
 &c. alfo A Nativity in great after Polydore; 
 The transfiguration ; The fchool at Athens ; The bat- 
 tle of elephants-, fome gravings after don Julio 
 Clovio and Titian, which had they been ac 
 companied with that tendernefs, and due obferv 
 tion of the diftances, that accompliihed the fuc 
 ceding gravers, had rendered him immortal, fo 
 fweet, even, and bold, was his work and defign 
 in all other confiderations. We mentionedTiTi an : 
 for about mdlxx Corn. Cort did ufe to work 
 in that famous painter's houfe, and engraved for 
 him that Paradife he made for the emperor, St. 
 Lazarus's martyrdom, Califia and the nymphs, Pro- 
 metheus, Andromeda, the forenamed Magdalen in the 
 
 defart, 
 
 to 
 
 I 
 
die Hiftory of Chalcography. 6y 
 
 lie/art, and Si. Hierom, all of them of Titian's 
 I nvention. 
 
 We come now to Justus, John, ^Egidius, 
 Giles, Raphael, and Ralph Sadeler, who 
 jived in the time of the emperor Rodolphus, and 
 bublifhed their almofl numberlefs labours : we can 
 therefore inftance but in fome of the moft rare i 
 :iich as were that book divided into three parts; 
 J[. Imago bonitatis, 2. Boni C5 1 mali fcientia, 3. Bo- 
 wnim £5? motor urn confenfio, deiigned by Martin 
 de Vos ; TheVefligia of Rome, tenderly and finely . 
 :ouched in fifty meets ; The twelve Roman emperors 
 hnd empreffes after Titian, rarely engraved by 
 Giles; a Madond with our Saviour, and St. Jo~ 
 ■eph after RaphaelUrbin ; Chrijius Flagellatus ; 
 md The head of Rodolphus II. with various capric- 
 rios and inventions about its as alfo that of the 
 \Emperor Mat hi as, adorned with the chaplet of me- 
 dals: The calling of St Andrew, by John andGiLES 
 ■ n brotherly emulation : Four books of Eremites ad- 
 jnirably conducted by Raphael : Adena Domini 
 ifter Tintoret, and another Flagellation of Ar« 
 pino's, divers Land] "chapes, The twelve months, 
 : the great hall at Prague, The effigies of Martin de 
 \ y os, by i£G 1 d 1 u s : The emperor and emprefs in their 
 : 'obes of ftate ; An adoration of the Magi after 
 Zucchero ; Adonis and Venus after Titian ; A 
 \ rucifx after Jac.Palma; A refurreclion in great •, 
 The rich Epulo ; St. Stephen's lapidation, the origi- 
 lal whereof is at Friuli ; a St. Sebaftian ; thefe by 
 jiles : John engraved after M. de Vos, afcho- 
 >ar of Tintoret's already mentioned, The crea- 
 ion, and Many hifiories out of Genejis : Ralph cut 
 F 2 alio 
 
68 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 alio The life of Chrift, and The credo by way of em- 
 blem : in fum, for their whole collection is not to 
 be crowded into this catalogue, they have all of 
 them publiihed fuch incomparable gravings, that 
 'tis the greatefl pity in the world, they had not 
 flourifhedin the timeof thegreatRAPHAELURBiN, 
 and the good mailers •, for they were not only ac- 
 curate and punctual imitators, but gave to their 
 works that foftnefs, life, and color, (as artifts term 
 it) which accomplifhes all the reft; especially John 
 and Raphael in what they graved after Mich, 
 de Vos, Bassano, and -others, whofe ruflicities 
 they fet forth. Thofe of -ZEgidius in great, be- 
 ing A def cent from the crofs, of Barroccio's in- 
 vention ; the other, A Flagellation, defignedbyGio- 
 seppino, can never be fufficiently celebrated. 
 
 After the Sadelers appeared Herman Mul- 
 le r, with a very bold bolino ; and likewife Janus 
 who engraved many things after Sp rangers, worfe 
 chofen (for^the convullive and even demoniac pof- 
 tures) than, executed. 
 
 But the imitations of the graver by Simon Fri- 
 sius the Hollander, who wrought with the aqua 
 fortis of the refiners, are altogether admirable and 
 inimitable, the ftroke and conduct confidered, had 
 the defign (excepting thofe of his birds which are 
 indeed without reproach) contributed in any pro- 
 portion to his dexterity. 
 
 After him came the Swifs Matthew Miriam, 
 who, had he performed his heightenings with more 
 tendernefs, and come fweetly off with the extremi- 
 ties of his hatchings, had proved an excellent mailer. 
 His works are uieful and innumerable in towns y 
 
 land- 
 
the Hiftory of Ch a l c o g r a p h y . 6q 
 
 {andfchapes, battles (thofe efpecially fought by the 
 great Guftavus) &c. The ibft vernifh and fepa- 
 ■a:ing aqua fortis was the inftrument he ufed. 
 
 We have feen fome few things cut in wood by 
 the incomparable Hans Holbein the Dane, but 
 they are rare, and exceeding difficult to come by ; 
 as his hicentioufnefs of the friers and nuns ; Erafmus ; 
 The dance macchabre •, the Mortis imago, which he 
 painted in great in the church at Bafil, and after- 
 ward graved with no lefs art ; and fome few others. 
 But there is extant A book of fever al figures, done 
 in the fame material by one Justus Ammannus 
 Tigur mdlxxviii, which are incomparably de- 
 figned and cut; in the epiftle whereof, one Holt- 
 zhusen, a gentleman of Franckfort, is com- 
 mended for his univerfal knowledge, and particu- 
 larly his rare talent in this art, which it is there 
 faid he fhewed by wonderful contrivances at the 
 celebration of Martin Luther's nuptials, and there- 
 fore worthy to be taken notice of. 
 
 Haxs Brossehaemer, befides feveral other 
 things, hath cut in wood A triumph of the emperor 
 Maximilian into Nuremberg. 
 
 Virgilius Sol is graved alfo m wood The ftory 
 of the Bible, and The mechanic arts in little ; bur 
 for imitating thofe vile poftures of Aretine, had his 
 eyes put out by the fentence of the magiftrate. 
 
 Henri t Goltzius was aHoilander, and wanted 
 only a good and judicious choice to have rendered 
 him comparable to the profoundeft mafters that 
 ever handled the burin : for never did any exceed 
 this rare workman; witnefs, thofe things of his 
 after Gasparo Celio, 'The Galatea of Raphael 
 F 3 Sancio, 
 
~i SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 performed ibms things in little very laudably. Nor 
 with iefs ingratitude, amongfl others, may we for- 
 get thsNo*oa reperia of Stradanus byTHEQDORE 
 Galle, who alfo publifhed The whole procefs of 
 making Jilk of the worm, and certain other works in 
 failure, all of them reprefented in fculpture. 
 Mallery, in his Pec cat i fomes after Mic. de 
 Vos, has performed wonders, as to the fubtilty and 
 imperceptible ductus of die graver. 
 
 Bols wert let forth the Sacra Eremus Afcetica- 
 7, after Blomaert and odiers; but above all is 
 he to be celebrated for thofe rare heads, and other 
 ftories graved after the paintings of Rubens and 
 Van Dyke, which, for their fakes, who are dili- 
 gent collectors of the renowned perfons of die late 
 age, we iTiall not think amifs to mention. Such 
 were The du chefs ofOi'leans, archduke Albert, Jujius 
 Lxpjius, and others, after Van Dyke ; Leffius and 
 Bellannine, j efu its , after Diepenbec After the 
 fame hands did Paulus Pontius grave the head 
 of Sigifmund king of Poland ; Count Pimentelo, &c. 
 after Rubens; Don Phil. deGufman; Don Alvarez 
 B'izan, an incomparable cut ; Don Carolus de Colunna-, 
 RubensH picture bare headed, for there is another in 
 hat: Gafp. de Grayer; Simon de Vos; Maria de 
 Meditis-, C-.€ far Alex and. Scaglia; Cqnfi. Hugens, 
 the learned father of our moll ingenious friend 
 .nonfieur Soylecom, fo worthily celebrated for his 
 discoveries of the annulus about Saturn, the peridu- 
 ral clock, and an univerfal mathematical genius ; 
 Gdjper Garartius -the lawyer ; Gafp. Revefiyn; Guf- 
 us Adolphus kin* of. Sweden ; Jacobus de Breach ; 
 ' - \ ; that rare head of Frederic 
 
 Henri: 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 73 
 
 Henric prince of Orange •, and his owm, with many 
 more after Van Dyke; befides the jefuit Canifius, 
 R. Urbin painter, and others, whom he graved 
 after Diepenbec, &c. And fince we mentioned 
 Sir. Peter Paul Rubens, we may not pretermit 
 thofe many excellent things of that great politi- 
 cian, a learned and extraordinary perfon, fee forth 
 in fo many incomparable gravings by the admirable 
 works of Suannebourg, the above named Pon- 
 tius andBoLSWERT,NES se,Vos term an, Vorst, 
 and other rare mailers in this art : fuch are (to in- 
 ftance in fome only) his Battle of the Amazons^ St. 
 Koch, Our Saviour compofed to burial, The fight cf 
 lions, his great Crucifix, Converfion of St. Paul, St. 
 Peter in the Jlip, J Nativity, The Magi, The bloody 
 catafirophe of Cyrus, Solomon's firjl fenience, St. Ca- 
 tharine's efpeufal, The tribute demanded of our Lor a \ 
 Suf anna 'and the elders, St. Laurence martyr *a\ T:i 
 palaces of Genoa, with divers others to be encoun- 
 tered amongft the merchants of prints, who fre- 
 quently vend the copies for the originals to the :e:s 
 wary chapmen. Christopher Jegher has cut 
 The temptation of cur Saviour in wood, very rarely 
 performed after this great mailer. And, befides 
 the former mentioned, Lucas Vosterman, and 
 Vorst, are never to be forgotten, fo long as the 
 memory of his [Rueens's] fcholar Sir Ant. 
 Van Dyke is famous, for the heads of the mar- 
 quils Spinola, Char, de Mattery? Horaiius Gentilefcus, 
 Jo. count of Naffau, Van JiPUer, P. Stevens, and 
 Cor. Sackil:v-:n, which he engraved after a new way, 
 of etching it firfl, and then pointing it (as it were) 
 with the burin afterwards, which renders thole lat- 
 ter 
 
72 SCULPTURA: of, 
 
 performed foms things in little very laudably. Nor 
 with lefs ingratitude, amongft others, may we for- 
 gptihcNo-varepertaof Stradanus by Theodore 
 Galle, who alfo publifhed The whole procefs of 
 making filk of the worm, and certain other works in 
 manufacture, all of them represented in fculpture. 
 
 Mallery, in his Pec cat i fomes after Mic. de 
 Vos, has performed wonders, as to the fubtilty and 
 imperceptible ductus of the graver. 
 
 Bolswert fet forth the Sacra Eremus Afcetica- 
 rum, after Blomaert and others j but above all is 
 he to be celebrated for thofe rare heads, and other 
 ftories graved after the paintings of Rubens and 
 Van Dyke, which, for their fakes, who are dili- 
 gent collectors of the renowned perfons of the late 
 age, we mail not think amifs to mention. Such 
 were The duchefs of Orleans, archduke Albert, Juftus 
 Lypfius, and others, after Van Dyke ; Leffius and 
 Bellarmine, jefuits, after Die penbec After the 
 fame hands did Paulus Pontius grave the head 
 of Sigifmund king of Poland-, Count Pimentelo, &'c. 
 after Rubens ;'■ Don Phil, de Gufman; Don Alvarez 
 Buzan, an incomparable cut ; Don Carolus de Colunna; 
 Ruben?* picture bare headed, for there is another in 
 a hat : Gaff, de Grayer ; Simon de Vos ; Maria de 
 Medicis ; Cafar Alex and. Scaglia \ Conft. Hugens, 
 the learned father of our moft ingenious friend 
 monfieur Soylecom, fo worthily celebrated for his 
 difcoveries of the annulus about Saturn, the pendu- 
 lum clock, and an univerfal mathematical genius ; 
 Gafptr Garartius the lawyer ; Gafp. Revcftyn ; Guf- 
 laro&s Adolphus kin? of Sice den -, Jacobus de Breach ; 
 The prin cefs of Bravonfon ; that rare head of 'Frederic 
 
 Hemic 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 73 
 
 Henri c prince of Orange -, and his own, with many 
 more after Van Dyke -, befides the jefuit Canifais, 
 R. Urbin painter, and others, whom he graved 
 after Diepenbec, &c. And fince we mentioned 
 Sir Peter Paul Rubens, we may not pretermit 
 thofe many excellent things of that great politi- 
 cian, a learned and extraordinary perfon, fet forth 
 in fo many incomparable gravings by the admirable 
 works of Suannebourg, the above named Pon- 
 tius andBoLSWERT,NEs se,Voster man, Vorst, 
 and other rare matters in this art : fuch are (to in- 
 ftance in fome only) his Battle of the Amazons, St. 
 P.och, Our Saviour compofed to burial, The fight of 
 lions, his great Crucifix, Converfion of St. Paul, St. 
 I Peter in the fhip, A Nativity, The Magi, The bloody 
 catafirophe of Cyrus, Solomon' 's firfi fentence, St. Ca- 
 tharine's efpoufal, The tribute demanded of our Lord, 
 Sufanna and the elders, St. Laurence martyr 'd, The 
 palaces of Genoa, with divers others to be encoun- 
 tered amongft the merchants of prints, who fre- 
 quently vend the copies for the originals to the lefs 
 wary chapmen. Christopher Jegher has cut 
 The temptation of our Saviour in wood, very rarely 
 performed after this great mailer. And, befides 
 the former mentioned, Lucas Vosterman, and 
 Vorst, are never to be forgotten, fo long as the 
 memory of his [Rubens's] fcholar Sir Ant. 
 Van Dyke is famous, for the heads of the mar- 
 quifs Spinola, Char, de Mattery, Horatius Gentilefcus, 
 Jo. count of Naffau, Van Milder, P. Stevens, and 
 Cor. Sachtleven, which he engraved after a new way, 
 of etching it firft, and then pointing it (as it were) 
 with the burin afterwards, which renders thofe lat- 
 ter 
 
74 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 ter works of his as tender as miniature •, and iuch 
 are the heads of Van- Dyke himfelf, Jo. Li evens, 
 Cor. Schut, Corn, de Vos, Deo da t. del Mont, Lucas 
 van Uden, Jodocus de Mompcr, IVenceJl. Coeberger, 
 painters ; count de Ofjima, duke of Bavaria, the. arch - 
 duchefs Clara, the lall duke of Orleans, Anton. Connebi- 
 fon, P. Stevens, and many others ; together with thoic 
 other peices of hiftory, viz. The fepulture of Cbrift, 
 and a St. George, after Raphael ; Magdalen under 
 the crofs, Our Saviour in his agony after Carrache ; 
 The Sufamia, St. Laurence, and what but now we 
 mentioned after Rubens; divers heads after Hol- 
 bein, as that of Era/fans, the duke of Norfolk, anc 
 others of the Arundelian collection. 
 
 Van Vorst, competitor with Vosterman, 
 lias likewife graven a number of heads after Vai 
 Dyke. I fhall only name the learned Sir Keneh 
 Bigby in a philofophical habit ; our famous archi- 
 tect Inigo Jones, and thole two incomparable 
 figures of Charles the martyr and his Royal con fort 
 the queen mother now living. And to Ihew what 
 honour was done this art by the belt of painters, 
 
 Sir Anthony Van Dyke did himfelf etch di- 
 vers things in aqua fortis ; efpecially A Madona, 
 Ecce Home, Titian and his mijlrefs, Erafmus Rotero- 
 iamus, and touched feveral of the heads before 
 mentioned to have been graved by Vosterman. 
 
 After this great mailer's paintings, did Peter 
 be Jods grave the effigies of Genovefa widow te 
 Car. Alex, duke of Croi ; Paulas Helmatius ; .die' 
 learned Puteanus ; the bifhop of Gendt, the face 
 whereof is thought to be etched by Van Dyke 
 liimfelf; he graved Jo. Snellinx a painter; befides a 
 
 book 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 75 
 
 book of defigning, very rare : and the many other 
 prints after his mafcer Goltzius (whofe difciple 
 he was) which both Peter, and his ion of the 
 fame name, have engraved for monfieur Bon En- 
 fant of Paris, &c. 
 
 Colaert graved fome things rarely in fleeL 
 Suyderhoef has engraven the heads of moft of 
 the learned Dutch, after feveral painters with good 
 fuccefs; as thofe of Heinjius, Grotius, Barleus^ &c. 
 not forgetting that ftupendous lady Anna Maria a 
 Scbureman, &c. 
 
 Jo. Baur has deiigned his Battles with a fine 
 fpirit, but without care in the etching. 
 
 Vander Thulden publifhed the whole hiftcry 
 ofUlyjJes, being the work of the famous Prima- 
 t ice 10 at Fontainbleau, etched alfo in aqua fortis, 
 and fo deiigned as few pretenders to this art did 
 ever exceed him : and fo, as we but lately men- 
 tioned, are the papers of the inimitable Suane- 
 bourg, which ftrike a ravifhing errecx in all that 
 behold them, for the admirable tendernefs, and 
 rare conduct of the hatches •, efpecially thofe which 
 he cut after the drawings of Abraham Blomaert, 
 and Rubens. 
 
 But now that we mention Blomaert, whofe 
 works we have celebrated in general, becaufe they 
 fmell fomething of a Dutch fpirit, though otherwife 
 well engraved ; there is at Rome (if we miftake not) 
 a fon of his named Cornelius, who in that St. 
 Francis after Guido Reni, and thofe other peices 
 after the defign of thofe great mailers monfieur 
 Poussin, Pietro Cortona, &c. to be feen in 
 the books (a forth by thejeiuit Ferrarius, hisHef- 
 
 perideSy 
 
;6 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 perides, Flora, JSdes Barberini, &c. hath given ( 
 ample teilimony how great his abilities are •, for, 
 certainly, he has in ibme of theie ftamps arrived 
 to the utmoii perfection of the bolino, though Ibme 
 workmen will hardly allow him this eloo-ie. But 
 thofe things of the incomparable Natal is aLi- 
 geois, (and therefore reckoned here amongii the 
 Germans) pais without the leaft contradiction for 
 the utmolt efFort of that inftrument : fuch are that 
 Si. Catharine's efpoufals after Bourdon, which 
 feems to be a very peice of painting ; the Two Ma- 
 donas in conteft with Po illy ; The The/is, and The 
 chapter of the Carthufians, all after the life and his 
 own defign, a ftupendous work : alfo the head of 
 Jacob Catz, one of the States of Holland, painted 
 by Dubordieu -, andfome few things more, as 
 the exactnefs and curiofity of what he undertakes 
 requires, iuffkient to difcover the admirable per- 
 fection of this great artift : for we do not mention 
 ilvera! Frontifpeices, which he has likewife engraven 
 with equal induifry. 
 
 Firdjxand has, befides many others, graved 
 after the fame Bourdon, Ihe fiory of Ulyffes and 
 Andromache. 
 
 Ur i e s s e and Ve r d e n are famous for their Per- 
 fpetlives. 
 
 Winegard his Roman Vefiigia, &c. 
 
 William Hondius, befides thofe things which 
 adorn his Maps, which are the largeft planifpheres, 
 has very rarely engraven his own head after a paint- 
 ing of Van Dyke : nor with lefs art has Van 
 Ke s s e l done that of Charles the fifth after T i t i a n ; 
 (Ticket and Car. Scribmrns the jeibits. 
 
 Caukern 
 
the HLftory of Chalcography. 
 
 Caukern has graven the ftory of that Pious 
 Daughter, who gave fuck to her impriioned father ; 
 A fight of Boers ; with divers others after Rubens 
 and Van Dyke ; £?r. befides thofe which are ex- 
 tant in Mr. Ogilbfs Homer, The Bible, My lord of 
 Newcafttfs Cavalerizzo, &c. designed by De i p e n - 
 bec, whofe rare talent, that theatre or temple of 
 the Mufes, publifhed by that curioufly learned and 
 univerial collector of prints, the Abbot of Vil- 
 loin, (of whom we mail have occaQon to dif- 
 courfe in the next chapter) does fufEciently iiluf- 
 trate. 
 
 Lucas K i l i anus has rarely graved Ti> t m a r - 
 ther of the Innocents ; The miracles of the Fifh ; The 
 Annunciation, Circumcijlott, and fome plates in the 
 Hortus Eyjlettenfis, &c. 
 
 Vischer, iiz. Cornelius 'for there is ano- 
 ther who has publiihed divers Landfchapes) hath 
 molt rarely etched a certain Dutch Kitchen, where 
 there is an old man taking tobacco, whilft his wife 
 is frying pancakes ; alio A Fuller accompanied with 
 boys and girls, painted by Ostade : but above 
 all, admirable is The Defcent, or Chriflus Mortuus, 
 after Tintoret, both graved and etched, as, in- 
 deed, I mould have laid of the reft. 
 
 Vovillemont has etched Our Sailour chafing 
 the facrilegious merchants out of the t cm fie, after the 
 fame Tintoret ; which is very rare. 
 
 No lp The twelve months, efpecially the boiflerous 
 March. 
 
 Lombart, many plates for Mr. Ogilbfs Vi -gil-, 
 as likewife that mduitrious interpreter's picture after 
 our famous Mr. Lely, in which he has performed 
 
 laudably . 
 
-S SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 laudably : nor mull I here forget Mr. He rtoc, who-- 
 has graved the frontifpeice for EIKQN BA2IAIRE 
 in folio, and many other. 
 
 To thefe we may add the incomparable Rem- 
 erandt, whole etchings and gravings are of a 
 particular fpirit ; efpecially The old woman in the 
 fur ; The good Samaritan ; The Angels appearing to 
 the Jhepherds ; divers Land/chapes and Heads from 
 the life -, St. Hierom, of which there is one very 
 rarely graven with the burin ; but, above all, his 
 Ecce Homo, Defcent from the crofs in large, Philip 
 f.nd the Eunuch, &c. 
 
 We nceslausHollar, a gentleman of Bohe- 
 mia, comes in the next place ; not that he is not 
 before mofi; of the reft for his choice and great in- 
 dustry (for we rank them very promifcuoufly both 
 as to time and pre-eminence •,) but to bring up the 
 rear of the Germans, with a deferving peribn, 
 whofe indefatigable works in aqua fortis do infi- 
 nitely recommend themfelves by the excellent choice 
 which he hath made of the rare things furnifhed out 
 of the Arundelian collection, and from moil of 
 the beft hands and deligns ; for fuch were thofe of 
 Leonardo daVinci,Fr.Parmensis,Titian, 
 Giulio Romano, A. Mantegna, Corregio, 
 Perino del Vaga, Raphael Urbin, Seb. 
 del Piombo, Palma, Alb. Durer, Hans 
 Holbein, Van Dyke, Rubens, Breughel, - 
 Bassan, .ZElsheimer, Brower, Artois, and 
 divers other mailers of prime note, whofe drawings 
 and paintings he hath faithfully copied; befides 
 feveral books of Land] chapes, Tozvns, Solemnities, 
 Hijtcries, Heads, Beajls, Fowls, Infers, Veffels, 
 
 and 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 79 
 
 md other fignal peices, net omitting what he hath 
 etched after De Cleyn, MlStreter, andDAN- 
 kert for Sir Robert Staple-ton's Juvenal, 
 Mr. Ross his Silius, Polyglotta Biblia, Ike Monaf- 
 ticon firil and fecond part, Mr. Dugd ale's St. 
 Paul's and Survey of Warwickfhire 9 with other in- 
 numerable Frontif peices, and things by him pub- 
 lifhed and done after the life ; and to be \_eo nomine] 
 " on that account" more valued and efteemed, 
 than where there has been more curiofity about 
 chimeras, and things which are not in nature : fo 
 that of Mr. Hollah's Works we may juftly pro- 
 nounce, there is not a more ufeful and inftructive 
 collection to be made. 
 
 The learned Hevelius has mewed his admirable 
 dexterity in this art, by the feveral Phafes and other 
 Icbonifms which adorn his Selenography, and is there- 
 fore one of the Robleft infhmces of the extraordinary 
 uie of this talent for men of letters, and that would 
 be accurate in the Diagrams which they publiih in. 
 their works. 
 
 The no lefs knowing Anna Maria a Schur- 
 man is likewife fkilled in this art with innumerable 
 others, even to a prodigy of her fex. For the reft, 
 we ihall only call over their names, after we have 
 celebrated the extravagant fancies of both the 
 Breughels, as thofe of 'The Seven deadly fins, Sa- 
 tyrical peices againft the Nuns and Fryars ; with di- 
 vers Hijlcries, Drolleries, Landfchapes, fantaftic 
 Grylles and Grotefques of thefe two rare Rby pure- 
 graphs ; not farther to tire our reader with the par- 
 ticulars and feveral works of Ofiade, Corn, Clock, 
 Queborne, Cuilos, Le Delfe, (who has put forth 
 
 the 
 
8o SCULPTURA: Of, 
 
 the portraits of many learned peribns) Dors, Falck, 
 Gerard, Bens, Moeftuer, Grebber, Geldorp, Hop- 
 fer, Gerard, Bens, Chein, Ach. d' Egmont, de 
 Vinghe, Heins, Ditmer, Cronis, Lindoven, Mire- 
 vel, Kager, Coccien, Maubeafe, Venius, Firens, 
 Pierets, Quelinus, Stachade, Sehut, Soutman, 
 Vanulch, Broon, Valdet, Loggan, whom we ex- 
 prefly omit -, becaufe we have introduced a fuffi- 
 cient number, and that this chapter is already too 
 prolix. 
 
 Only we would not omit mynheer Bis cop, a 
 learned advocate, now of Holland, who for his 
 Story of Jofeph and Benjamin where the cup is found 
 in his lack, and thofe other few cuts among the 
 hands of the curious, muft not be paffed over in 
 oblivion j as we had like to have done fome of 
 the old and bell mailers, by having hitherto omit- 
 ted 
 
 Druefken his King of the boors in Hungary 
 eaten alive by the rebels whom he feduced, with 
 fome other cuts in wood known by his mark, 
 which was commonly a duller of grapes. 
 
 Pieter Van Aelst, his Cavalcade of the grand 
 /ignior to Santla Sophia, and feveral 'Turkifh habits -, 
 on which fubjecl: alfo, 
 
 Swart Jan Van Groen^ighen has fet forth 
 many remarkable things. Caravans, Pilgrimages to 
 Mecca, &c. 
 
 Lucas Cranach, T'il tings, Huntings, German 
 habits, and The portraits of all the dukes of Saxony 
 to his time. 
 
 Joos Am m anus (whom we already mentioned) 
 divers of the Mechanic arts ;, not omitting all thofe 
 
 excellent 
 
the Hirl'dry of Ck a l c o g r a p" h y . 8 1 
 
 excellent wood cuts of Hans Schin.flyn, and 
 Adam Altorf ; efpecially thislaft, known. by the 
 two capital AA of the Gothic form, included one 
 within the other, as the D is in that of Albert 
 Durer's. 
 
 Hubert Goltzius has cut in wood A hook of 
 the Roman emperors in two colours. This name re- 
 cals to mind an omifllon of ours in fome of thofe 
 excellent Chalcographers already recorded; 
 and, in particular, the incomparable imitations of 
 Henry Goltzius after Lucas Van Leyden 
 in 'The PaJ/ion, The Chrifius mortuus or Pieta •> and 
 thofe other fix peices, in each of which he fo ac- 
 curately perfues Dure r, Lucas, and fame others - 
 of the old mafters, as makes it almoft impoffible 
 to difcern the ingenious fraud. 
 
 We did not fpeak of The heads of the famous men 
 in the court of the emperor^ fet forth by iEciDius 
 Sadeler ; as Raphael (his brother) had the 
 Bavaria Sanffa, reprefenting all the faints of that 
 pious country. 
 
 Albert Durer's Tenerdank, or romantic de- 
 fcription of The amours of Maximilian and Maria de 
 Burgundy : the book is in high Dutch. He has 
 likewiie cut Petrarch's Uiriufque fortune remedia-, 
 which admirable treatife being tranflated into the 
 German language, is adorned with the gravings of 
 Hans Sibald Behem, Ammanus,Aldegrave, 
 and molt of the rare mafters of that age. Finally, 
 he has cut The ftories of Apuleius his golden afs ; and 
 fprinkled divers pretty inventions and capriccios in 
 an old imprerjion of Cicero's epftles. And with this 
 recollection of what we had omitted in the forego- 
 ing paragraphs (to which thev are reducible) we 
 
 G will 
 
§2 &CULPTURA: or, 
 
 will take leave of the Dutch fculptors, and p'afs 
 on to 
 
 The French, who challenge the next place in 
 this recenfibn, for their gravings in Tattle Douce, 
 which began to be in reputation after Rosso, the 
 Florentine painter, had been invited and careffed 
 by that worthy and illuftrious Mec^nas of the 
 arts, Francis the firft: about which time Petit 
 Bernard of Lyons publifhed The ft ones for the 
 Bible of St. Hierom ; performing fuch things in lit- 
 tle, for the delign and ordonance as are worthy of 
 imitation ; fo greatly he approached the antique in 
 the garb of his figures, diftances, architecture, and 
 other accejfories of the ftorv; We have fome of 
 thefe engraven by this artift, and printed long fince 
 at Lyons, with the argument under each cut in the 
 Englifli verfe of thofe times, which appears to have 
 been done about the beginning of the reformation, 
 when* it feemsj men were not fo much fcandalized 
 at holy reprefentationSi 
 
 Nicholas Beatricius^ a Loraneze, graved 
 his Horfe confticls, and feveral Books of animals and 
 wild hafts, The widow's foil raifed to life, The an- 
 nunciation after Michael Angelo, The ark of the 
 catholic church after that rare table of mofaic in St. 
 Peter's of Giotto, &c. 
 
 Philippus Thomasinus's labours are worthy 
 of eternity, fo excellent was his choice, fo accurate 
 his graver: witnefs The fall of Lucifer, The univer- 
 fal judgment, The fhip we but now mentioned, The 
 feven works of mercy, B. Felix, 7 he miracles of the 
 Capucines, Thzftatues of Rome in little, the labours 
 of many famous peribns, The baptifm of our Saviour 
 
 after 
 
the Hillory of Chalcography. 83 
 
 after Salviati, St. John the evangelifi in the boil- 
 ing oil, St. Stephen's lapidation after Ant. Poma- 
 r a n c 1 o , The Magi of Z u c c h e r o, Mary prefented 
 in the temple of Barroccio, The life of St. Catha- 
 rine, Fama, divers Sea monfiers after Bernardino 
 Passero, and fome things of Vanni ; not to 
 orriit his Camea collected from feveral curious agates 
 and other precious flones, befides Shields, Trophies, 
 Gordian Knots, with variety of hifiruments, and 
 other works too long here to recite minutely. 
 
 Crispinus de Pas and his filter Magdalen 
 (whether French or Dutch) have engraven many 
 excellent things after Breughel; efpecially Land- 
 f chapes, The perfecution of the prophets and apofiles, 
 with feveral more : but that Liberum Belgium by 
 Simon de Pas his father, or brother, (I know 
 not whether ) dedicated to prince Maurice of Nai- 
 fau, is a very rare cut. 
 
 Who has not beheld with admiration the incom- 
 parable burin of Claudius Mel an, celebrated by 
 the great Gaflendus, and employed by the moft 
 noble and learned Periefkius ? The Sudarium of St. 
 Veronica, where he has formed a head as big as the 
 life itfelf with one only line, beginning at the point 
 of the nofe, and fo by a fpiral turning of the graver 
 finifhing at the utmoft hair, is a prodigy of his 
 rare art and invention, becauie it is wholly new, and 
 performed with admirable dexterity. Nor has he 
 lefs merited for his St. Francis, St. Bruno, The 
 pointed Magdalen, Pope Urban the VIII. and divers 
 others to the life, efpecially thofe of the iliuftrious 
 Jujliniani, Periefeius, and the feveral Frontifpeices 
 G 2 . to 
 
?4 x SCULPTURA:or, 
 
 to thofe truly royal works, poets, and other authors, 
 printed at the Louvre. 
 
 Ma u perch has publifhed fome pretty Land- 
 f chapes; La P autre many moft uleful varieties 
 and Ornaments for architects and other workmen, 
 florid and full of fancy, efpecially 'The ceremonies 
 at the coronation of the prefent French king. 
 
 Morin has left us A St. Bernard, A S&ull, his 
 great Crucifix, fome rare Heads, efpecially that re- 
 prefenting Our blejfed Saviour and other things in 
 aqua fortis, performed with lingular art and ten- 
 dernefs •, as alfo fome rare Land/chapes and Ruins 
 after Polemburch and others. 
 
 N.' Chape ron has etched The Xyfius or gallery 
 of Raphael in the Vatican, with incomparable 
 fuccefs as to the true draught ; and fo has that ex- 
 cellent painter the late 
 
 Francis Perrier thofe. Statues and Bajfo- 
 relievos of Rome, preferable to any that are yet 
 extant. 
 
 Audran's St, Catharine after Titian, who is 
 not ravifhed with ? 
 
 Couvay has engraven the Three devout captive 
 knights -, and what may appear very extraordinary* 
 ut qua celant nomina calatura aperiat, the firft part 
 of Dejpauterius's grammar in picture, or hieroglyphic 
 for the duke of Anjou, the now monfieur. 
 
 Perelle has difcovered a particular talent for 
 Land/chapes, if not a little exceeded in the darknefs 
 of his fhades ; but his Ruins of Rome are very rare ; 
 he has like wife a fon that graves. 
 
 The excellency of invention in the Romances and 
 Miftories adorned by the hand of Chauveau, is 
 
 not 
 
the Hiftory of C h a l c o g r a p h v . 85 
 
 not to be palled by ; efpecially thole things which 
 he has done in the Entretiemie de beaux efprits or 
 monfieur De Marefl's, and in feveral others. 
 
 But the pe-ices which Poilly has fet forth, may 
 be ranked, as they truly merit, amongft the greater! 
 mailers we have hitherto celebrated : fuch as (for 
 inftance in a few) that admirable Thefes with the 
 Portrait of cardinal Richlieu ; and in emulation with 
 the formerly named Natal is, (befides the St. Ca- 
 tharine of Bourdon) thofe things which he hath 
 graved after Mignard, which are really incom- 
 parable ; alfo divers hiftories after Le Brun, &c. 
 
 But we mould never have done with the artifls 
 of this fruitful and inventive country, as Heince, 
 Begnon, Huret, Bernard, Rognesson, 
 Roussele t a rare workman, (witneis his frontifpeice 
 to the French Polyglot Bible deiigned by Bour- 
 don and lately put forth j) Bellange, Richet, 
 L'Alman, Quesnel, Soulet, Bunel, the laud- 
 able Boucher., Briot, Boulange, Bois, Cham- 
 
 PAGNE, CHARPIGNON, CoRNEILLE, CaRON, 
 
 Claude de Lorain, Audran, Moutier, Ra- 
 eel, Denisot, L'Aune,De la Rame, Hayes, 
 Herein, David de Bie, Villemont, Marot 
 excellent for his buildings and architecture, To u t i n, 
 Grand-homme, Cereau, Trochel, L an got 
 duLoir, L.'Enfant difciple of Melan, Gaul- 
 tier, D'Origni, Prevost, De Son, Perei, 
 Nacret, Perret, Daret, Scalberge, Vi- 
 be rt, Ragot who has graved fome things well 
 alter Rubens, Boissart, Terelin, DeLeu; 
 befides Mauper che for Hiftories \ L'Asne who 
 has graved above three hundred Portraits to the 
 G 3 life. 
 
S6 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 life, and is a rare artift; Hurst, full of rich in T 
 vention j not omitting the famous gravers of let 
 ters and caliigraphers, fuch as areLeGagneur, Li 
 cas Materot, Ffifms, Duret, Pauce, JLe Beaugrar 
 Beaulieu, Gougenot, . Moulin, Raveneau, Jea, Jz 
 ques de His, Moreau, Limofin, La Be, Vignoi 
 Barbe d'Or, and a world of others whofe worl 
 we have not had the fortune to fee : for as heretc 
 fore, fo efpecially at prelent, there is no country oi 
 Europe, which may contend with France for the 
 numbers of fuch as it daily produces, that excel in 
 the art of Chalcography, and triumph with the 
 burin. 
 
 La Hyre has etched many things after the an- 
 tique, as Bacchanalia, and feveral other. 
 
 Go y rand is fecond to none for thofe Towns and 
 Rums, which he has publilhed, efpecially what he 
 has performed in JEdibus Barber in i. 
 
 Colignon, no lefs excellent in his gravings 
 after Lincler. 
 
 And Cochin in thofe large Charts and fieges of 
 towns after the engineer Beaulieu. But 
 
 Israel Sylvester is The Hollar of 
 France : for, there is hardly a town, cafile, noble- 
 maits houfe, garden, or profpeff, in all that vaft and 
 goodly kingdom, which he has not fet forth in 
 aqua fortis, befides divers parts and views of Italy : 
 above all in thofe which are etched after the defigns 
 of monfieur Lincler (whilft he lived, my wor- 
 thy friend ! ) as The city of Rome in profile j a mor-: 
 fel of St. Peters by itlelf, and that Rrofpetl of the 
 Louvre -, which lait doth far tranfcend the reft of 
 his works, and may be efteemed one of the belt 
 
 of 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. %f 
 
 of that kind which the world has extant, for the 
 many perfections that aifemble in it. 
 
 There is at prefent Robert Nanteuil an in- 
 genious perfon, and my particular friend, whole 
 burin renders him famous through the world. I 
 have had the happinefs to have * My Portrait 
 engraven by his rare burin ; and it is, therefore, 
 eftimable ; though unworthy of the honour of be- 
 ing placed amongit the reft of thofe illuftrious per- 
 fons, whom his hand has rendered immortal : for 
 fuch are The French king, The queens of Poland and 
 Sweden, Cardinal Mazarine whole effigies he has 
 graven no lefs than nine times to the life ; The duke 
 of ' Longueville ; Duke of Bouillon, Mantua, Marifhal 
 Turenne ; ~Prefident Jeannin, Molle, Teller, Ormejfon, 
 The archkifhop of Tours, BifloopofSt. Malo, VAbbe 
 Fouquet, and divers others of the long robe ; alfo 
 meffieurs HeJJelin, Menage, Scuderi, Chaplain, Ma- 
 rolles, and the reft of ae wits ; in fum, almoft all 
 the great perfons of note in France. 
 
 But that we may conclude this recenfion with 
 fuch as have moft excelled in this art, and give 
 the utmoft reputation it is capable of, Jaques 
 Callot, a gentleman of Lorrain, (if ever any) 
 attained to its fublimity ; and beyond which it 
 feems not pofiible for human induftry to reach, 
 efpecially for Figures in little -, though he hath like- 
 wife publifhedfome/;z£ra^, as boldly and mafterly 
 performed as can poffibly be imagined. What a 
 lofs it has been to the Virtuosi, that he did not 
 more delight in thofe of a greater volume, fuch as 
 
 * From which the frontifpeice to this new edition was taken. 
 G 4 once 
 
SB" SCU LPTU RA: or, 
 
 once he graved at Florence do fufficiently teflify, 
 and which likewife have exalted his incomparable 
 talent to the fupremeft point. It might not feem 
 requiiite to minute the works which he has pub- 
 limed, becauie they are fo univerfally excellent that 
 a curious perfon mould . have the whole collection, 
 (and be careful that he be not impofed upon by 
 the copies which are frequently vended under his 
 name, efpecially thofe which monfieur Bosse has 
 publifhed, and which neareft approach him) were 
 it not highly injurious to his merit, not to mention 
 ibme of the principal ; fuch are his St. Paul, Ecce 
 homo, 'The demoniac cured after Andrea Boscoli, 
 A Madona after Andrea del Sarto, The four 
 comedians \ all thefe of the larger volume, and ibme 
 of them with the burin : alfo The pajfage of the 
 Ifraelites -, St. Luke's fair, dedicated to Cofmo di 
 Medicis, a mod flupendous work confidered in all 
 its circumftances and encounters -, fo full of fpirit 
 and invention, that upon feveral attempts to do the 
 like, it is faid. he could n^ver approach it; fo much, 
 (it feems) he did in that peice exceed even himielf. 
 This is alfo well copied. The hiftory of the blejfed 
 Virgin in fourteen leaves ; The Apoflles in great ; 
 The murder of the holy Innocents, an incomparable 
 work, and almofb exceeding our defcription, as to 
 the fmallnefs, life, perfection, and multitude of 
 figures exprefied in it ; The fiory of the prodigal ; 
 The life and death of our Saviour in twenty fmall 
 ovals, very rarely performed ; The Martyrdom of the 
 Apoftles in fixteen leaves, worthy of admiration •, 
 The pafjicn of cur Saviour in feven larger cuts ; St. 
 
 Anthony's 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. £9 
 
 Anthony's temptation, prodigious for the fancy and 
 invention ; St. Manfuetus raifng a dead >-pmfoce \ A 
 bi/hop preaching in a wood ; divers Books of land- 
 fchapes and fea peices ; efpecially thole admirable 
 cuts of his in a book intitled Trattato di terra fanta, 
 therein moft of the religious places of Jerusalem, 
 temples, profpects, &c. about the Holy Land, 
 are graved to the life by the hand of this excellent 
 mafter, (the book is very rare and never to be en- 
 countred amongft the collection of his prints;) The 
 duke of Lorrain's palace and garden at Nancy ; alfo 
 another paper of a tournament there, both of them 
 moft rare things ; Military exercifes ; The miferies 
 of war in eighteen leaves very choice ; The battle of 
 Thefeus \ Combat at the Barrier \ Entrance of ths 
 great duke, with all the fcenes and reprefentations 
 at the duke of Florence's nuptials •, The Catafalco 
 erected at the emperor Mathias's death ; the fa- 
 mous Siege at Rochel, a very large print ; alfo the 
 Night-peice of the cheats and wenches at play, Maf- 
 querades, Gobbi, Beggers, Gypf.es, Balli and Dances, 
 Fantafies, Capriccios, Jubilatio Triumphi B. Virgi- 
 nis, which was it feems graved for a Thefs j and 
 finally The Cabaret, or meeting of debauchees, 
 which (being the laft plate that ever he graved) 
 had not the aqua fortis given it till after his de- 
 ceafe. And thus we have in brief polled over the 
 ftupendous works of this inimitable mailer, whofe 
 point and manner of etching was nothing inferior, 
 nay ibmetimes even exceeded the moft fkilful bu- 
 rin. But at length [ftpudor&fnis] " I defift-," 
 and fhall here conclude the recital of the French 
 Chalcographers, fo many for their numbers, 
 
 laborious 
 
90 S C U L P T U R A : or, 
 
 laborious in their works, and luxurious of their in- 
 ventions, after we have done reafon to monfieur 
 Bosse, who has made himfelffo well known by 
 his moft accurate imitation of Callot, befides 
 the many rare things he has himfelf publifhed. 
 It were altogether unpardonable, that fuch as would 
 accomplifh themfelves in Etching, mould be de- 
 ftitute of his entire work , efpecially thofe of his 
 latter manner, performed in fingle and maftcrly 
 ftrokes, without decuffations and crofs hatchings, 
 in emulation of the graver. Thofe Vignets, Fleu- 
 rons, capital letters, Pati, and Compartments, made 
 to adorn the royal impremons at the Louvre, are 
 worthy of celebration, becaufe it is impomble for 
 the neateft burin to excel his points and efchoppes ; 
 and for that it is to him that we have been chiefly 
 obliged for a treatife, which we had prepared of 
 the practical and mechanical part of this art of 
 Chalcography, whereof I have already given 
 account elfewhere. It is to the fame monfieur d u 
 Bosse that the world is beholden for his ingenuity 
 in publifhing many other rare and ufeful arts aflift- 
 ant to architecture, dialling, fquaring of ft ones, and 
 encountring the difficulties of the free-mafon; be- 
 fides thofe excellent treatifes of perfpeclive, which, 
 from the dictates of monfieur des Argues, he has 
 jb laudably communicated. This, and much more, 
 we owe to this honeft man's fame and particular 
 triendfhip. 
 
 And laftly, the excellent Chart -Gravers 
 may not be totally excluded of this catalogue ; 
 becaufe it is a particular addrefs, and, of late, in- 
 finitely improved by the care of Tavernier, Sanfon, 
 
 the 
 
the Hiflory of Chalcography. 91 
 
 the jefuit Briets, de la Rue, du Val, graven by 
 Cordier, Riviers, Peroni, and others ± not forget- 
 ting the moft induftrious Bleaus of Amfterdam, 
 who have publifhed the atlas's, and other peices 
 which celebrate their names to poflerity - y and fuch. 
 an undertaking has the engineer Go mb oust per- 
 formed in his ichnographical plan of Paris lately 
 fet forth, being the refult of near a five years con- 
 tinual labour of measuring, plotting, and obferving, 
 to render it the moft accomplished, and teftify to 
 what ufe and perfection this noble art is arrived : 
 this we the more readily mention, that thereby we 
 may ftimulate and encourage the lovers of their 
 country, freely to contribute to the like attempt of 
 the above mentioned Mr. Hollar, and enable 
 him to proceed with what is now under his hand, 
 for the honour of our imperial city. 
 
 And now it is certainly time that we mould think 
 of home a little, and celebrate likewife fome of our 
 own Countrymen, who have worthily merited 
 with their graver. And although we may not yet 
 boaft of fuch multitudes, by reafon of the late un- 
 happy differences which have difturbed the whole 
 nation, endeavouring to level princes, and lay the 
 Mec^enas's of This and all other Arts in the 
 duft; yet had we a Payne for a Ship, fame Heads 
 to the life, efpecially that of Br. Alab after, Sir Ben. 
 Rudyard, and feveral other things -, a Cecil, and 
 a Wright, little inferior to any we have enume- 
 rated for the excellency of their burins and happy 
 defign ; as at prefent we have Mr. Faithorne, 
 Mr. Barlow, Gaywood, and others, who have 
 done excellently both with the graver and in aqua 
 
 fortis 5 
 
92 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 fbrtis, eipecially in thofe birds and beafts which 
 adorn the apologues of i£fop publifhed by Mr. 
 Ogilby : and of Mr. Fa i thorn e, we have that 
 Chrift after Raphael *, from fome excellent mailer, 
 as big as the life, A Madona ; Chrift Jofeph and a 
 iambi after La Hyre a very good painter ; the 
 effigies of my lord vifcount Mozdamt, Sir W. F aft en 
 and.hfa lady, with feveral other after Van Dyke, 
 Hon i man, &V. 
 
 Lightfoot hath a very curious graver, and 
 fpecial talent for the neatnefs of his ftroke, little 
 inferior to We irx -, and has publifhed two or three 
 Mzrdbnas with much applauie: alio Glover divers 
 Heads % as at prefent J. Fellian difciple of Mr. 
 Faithorme, who is a hopeful young man : laflly, 
 for medals and intaglias we have, Mr. Symonds, 
 Rawlins, Restrick, Johnson, and fome others, 
 whofe works in that kind have hardly been exceeded 
 in thefe latter times ; not omitting the induilrious 
 Mr. Coker, Gery, Gething, Billingly, &c. 
 who in what they have publifhed for Letters and 
 FloHrijhes are comparable to any of thofe mailers, 
 whom we have fo much celebrated amoneft the 
 Italians and French for Calligraphy and 
 fair writing. We have like wife Switzer for cut- 
 ting in wood, the fon of a father who fumciently 
 difcovered his dexterity in the Herbals fet forth by 
 Mr. Parkinfon, Lobel, and divers other works 
 with due commendation ; not to mention the reft, 
 as yet unknown to us by their names, from whofe 
 induftry we are yet to hope for excellent progrefs. 
 
 We do therefore here make it our fuit to them, 
 as what would extremely gratify the curious, -and 
 
 virtu of] 
 
the Hiftory (^Chalcography. 03 
 
 virtuofi univerfally, that they would endeavour to 
 publilh fuch excellent things as both his Majesty 
 and divers of the nobleile of this nation have in 
 their pofTeffion, and to which there is no ingenious 
 perfon that will be denied accefs ; fince if their 
 collections were well engraven and difperfed about 
 the world, it would not only exceedingly advance 
 their profit and reputation, but bring them likewile 
 into a good manner of Designing, which is the 
 very life of this Art -, and render our nation fa- 
 mous abroad, for the many excellent things which 
 it has once again (by the blefling of GOD, and 
 the genius of our moil illuftrious Prince) reco- 
 vered ; efpecially, if, joined to this, fuch as exceed 
 in the talent would entertain us with more land- 
 fchapes and views of the environs, approaches and 
 profpects of our nobly fituated Metropolis, 
 Greenwich, Windfor, and other parts upon the 
 goodly Thames ; and in which (as we faid) Mr. 
 Hollar has fo worthily merited, and other coun- 
 tries abound with, to the immenfe refrefhment of 
 the curious, and honour of the induftrious artift, 
 And fuch, we farther wifh, might now and then 
 be encouraged to travel into the Levantine parts, 
 Indies eaft and weft, from whofe hands we might 
 hope to receive innumerable and true defigns,. 
 drawn after the life, of thofe furpriflng landfchapes, 
 memorable places, cities, ifles, trees, plants, flowers, 
 and animals, &c. which are now fo lamely and fo 
 wretchedly prefented and obtruded upon us by 
 the ignorant, and for want of abilities to reform 
 them, 
 
 And 
 
94 SCULPTURAror, 
 
 And thus we have (as briefly as the fubjedt would 
 admit) finiihed what we had to offer concerning the 
 Original and Progress of this noble Art ; not 
 but that there may have been many excellent matters 
 omitted by us, whole names were worthy of record} 
 but becauie they did not occur at the writing hereof, 
 and that we have already introduced a competent 
 and iuificient number to give reputation to the Art,- 
 and verify our inftitution. For the reft, if we have 
 iomewhat exceeded the limits of a chapter (com- 
 paring it with thofe which did precede) it has not 
 been without prolpecb had to the benefit of fuch as 
 will be glad of inftrudtion how to direct their choice 
 in collecting of what is curious, worthy their pro- 
 curing, and, as the Italians call them, di buon 
 gufio ; for we are far from opining with thofe, who 
 rly at all without judgment or election. In fum, it 
 were to be wifhed, that all our good painters would 
 enrich our collections with more of their ftudies 
 and ordonances, and not defpife the putting of their 
 hands now and then to the graver. We have given 
 inftances of great mafters who excelled in both } 
 and the draught, if it be good, does fufficiently 
 commute for the other defects, or what it may feem 
 to want in the neatnefs and accurate conducting of 
 the hatches j fince by this means, we fhould be 
 flored with many rare defigns, touches, and inven-> 
 tions, which, for being only in crayon, are cafual 
 and more obnoxious to accidents, and can be com- 
 municated but to thofe few, who have the good for- 
 tune to obtain their papers, and (which is yet more 
 rare) the happinefs to understand, as well as to talk 
 of them. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 9 5 
 
 C H A P. V. 
 
 0/ Drawing £#</ Design, previous to the art cf 
 Chalcography; and of the ufe of pictures + in 
 order to the education of children. 
 
 AS the rules of meafure and proportion have an 
 univerfal influence upon all the actions of our 
 lives, it was a memorable and noble faying of a 
 great perfon of our nation*, difcourfmg to us once 
 concerning the dignity of painting and the arts 
 which attend it 5 " That one who could not de- 
 " fign a little, would never make an honeft man.'* 
 How that obfervation fucceeds in the general, we 
 have not made it much our obfervation -, but this 
 we are bold to pronounce, " That he mall never 
 " attain to the excellency of a good Chalcogxa- 
 
 I" phzr, who is not more than ordinarily fkiiled in 
 " the faculty and art of Drawing j" a thing fo 
 highly necefTary, that Don at ell us was wont to 
 tell his difciples ''difcourfmg fometimes concerning 
 the accomplishment of this Art) " That, to de- 
 M liver it in a fingle word, he would fay, Design ; 
 u becaufe it was the very bafis and foundation, not 
 " only of this, but even of all thofe free and noble 
 " fciences of Fortification, Architecture, Perfpeclirce, 
 " and whatsoever alio pretended to any affinity with 
 " the Mathematics, as really leading the van, and 
 " perfective of them all." 
 
 * Thomas earl of Arvndil lord marfhal of England. 
 
 But 
 
9 6 SCULPTURA: or; 
 
 But to treat methodically of this, or as we have" 
 already enlarged in the hiftory and progrefs of 
 Chalcography and the furviving labours of the 
 mofb renowned mafters, would require no lefs time 
 and pains. It were indeed a noble, curious, and 
 ufeful work, but alrnoft impoffible to accomplifh ; 
 becaufe the original drawings of the great mafters, 
 being diiperfed amongft the hands of the greateft 
 princes and men of fcience only, are preferved with 
 jealouly, and efteemed as fo many jewels, of greater 
 value than thofe of pearls and diamonds : for fome 
 of them being the very laft works, though but 
 imperfect draughts of fo excellent artifts, they have 
 for the moil part been in greater efteem than even 
 thofe of larger bulk and more flnifhed; as Pliny 
 inftances in The Iris of Aristides, The Medea of 
 Timomachus, and fome others \> becaufe (as he 
 there fpeaks) fuch touches did even exprefs the 
 very thoughts and prime conception of the work- 
 man, as well as the lineaments which he prefents 
 us ; and that there is a certain compafiion in our 
 natures which endears them to us, fo as we cannot 
 but love and defire the hands which perifhed in the 
 midft of fuch famous peices. Add to this, their 
 inimitable antiquity ; than which ( according to 
 Qy in til i an*) nothing does more recommend 
 things to us, from a certain authority which it uni- 
 verfally carries with it ; fo as we feem to review 
 what they did of old in this kind, as if (with Li- 
 bavius) the Gods had imparted fomething of extra- 
 ordinary to the mafters of the ages paft, which the 
 nature of man is not now capable of attaining. 
 
 * Inft, I 8 c. 3. 
 
 Theie . 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography; $j 
 
 Tfrefe difficulties therefore confidered, it will 
 not be required of us in this chapter; which pre- 
 tends to celebrate and promote the art of Draw- 
 ing and Design, only as it has relation and is ah 
 abfolute requ ifite to that of Chalcography, and 
 to prefcribe fome directions and encouragements 
 which may prepare and fit the hand with a compe- 
 tent addrefs therein. 
 
 Whether Design was the production of chancd 
 or excogitation, we determine not •, certain it is, 
 that practice and experience was its nurfe and per- 
 ficient ; by fome thus defined to be, ," A vifible 
 " expreflion of the hand refembling the conception 
 ** of the mind." By which definition there are who 
 diftinguifh it from Drawing, both as to its origi- 
 nal and formality ; " for Design (fay they) is of 
 " things not yet appearing, being but the picture 
 " of ideas only; whereas Drawing relates more 
 *■' to copies, and things already extant ; " in fum, 
 as the hiftorian differs from the poet, and Hor ace 
 has well exprefled it, 
 
 i Piftoribus atque poetis 
 
 Quidlibet audendi femper fuit aqua pot efias*« 
 
 Painters and poets have been ftill allow'd 
 Their pencils and their fancies unconfin'd. 
 
 Roscommon,; 
 
 We could eafily admit this Art to have been 
 the mofl ancient ; and, with Philostratus, 
 [^wrJevkctTov in $tW«,] " of kin even to Nature 
 " herfelf." But to take it fomewhat lower, there 
 
 * De Arte Poet. 
 
 H goes 
 
b% 3CULPTURA: of, 
 
 goes a tradition, that fome ingenious fhepherd was 
 the inventor of it, who efpying the fhadow of one 
 of his fheep on the ground (interpofed between him 
 and the culminating or declining fun) did with the 
 end of his crook trace out the profile upon the 
 duft : and truly fome fuch vulgar accident (for 
 chance has been a fruitful mother) might firft pro- 
 bably introduce it ; however afterwards fubtilized 
 upon and cultivated, till it at length arrived to 
 that degree of excellency and efteem, which it has 
 happily gained, and fo long continued. 
 
 But to quit thefe nicer inveftigations, and pro- 
 ceed to fome thing of ufe, as it concerns the title 
 of this chapter. The firft and principal manner of 
 Drawing is that with the Pen •, the next with 
 Crayon, whether black, white, red, or any of 
 the intermediate colours, upon paper either white or 
 coloured. We will not fay much concerning warn- 
 ing with the pencil, or rubbing-in the fhades with 
 paftils arid dry compofitions -, becaufe it is not till 
 our difciple be a confummate artift, that he can be 
 edified with defi'gns of this nature, after which they 
 are of excellent ufe and effect. 
 
 The Pen is, therefore, both the firft and bed 
 inftructive ; and has then (as all the other kinds) 
 attained its defired end, when it fo deceives the eye 
 by the magic and innocent witchcraft of Lights 
 and Shades, that elevated andfolid bodies in na- 
 ture, may feem fwelling and to be embofTed in 
 piano by art. 
 
 To arrive at this, you mufl firft draw the exact 
 lineaments and proportion of the fubject you would 
 exprefs in profile, contours, and fingle lines only ; 
 
 and ■ 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography, gg 
 
 and afterwards, by more frequent and tender hatches 
 in the lighter places, flrong bold or crofs in the 
 deeper. 
 
 By hatching is underrlood a continual feries or 
 fuccefiion of many lines, fhorter or longer, clofe or 
 more feparate, oblique or direct, according as the 
 work requires, to render it more or lefs enlightned ; 
 and is attained by practice with a iwift even and 
 dextrous hand, though fometimes alfo by the help 
 of the rule and compafs ; every man not being an 
 Apelles orPyRGOTELEs to work without them. 
 Now the belt expedient to gain a marlery in this 
 addrefs, will be to imitate fuch prints and cuts, as 
 are mod celebrated for this perfection : fuch (amongft 
 plenty of others) are thofe of Henry Goltzius, 
 the Sadelers, Harman, Sanredam, Voster- 
 man, and, above all, that rare book of J a como 
 Pal ma graven by Edoardo Fialetti ; of the 
 more modern, the incomparable Natal is, Nan- 
 
 TEUIL, PoiLLY, CORNELIUS BlOMAERT; thefe 
 
 for the burin : for etching, C allot, Morine, 
 and Bosse, efpecially in thofe his later peices, which 
 have fo nearly approached the graver. After thefe, 
 let our learner defign the feveral members of bodies 
 a-part, and then united, with intire figures and Ho- 
 lies, till he be able to compofe fome thing of his own 
 which may fupport the examination of qualified 
 judges. But the 7vp t xJtccty\Jict or " firft 'draughts" 
 of thefe mould not be with too great curiofity, and 
 the feveral minutiae that appear in many copies, 
 but with a certain free and judicious negligence ; 
 rather aiming at the Original, than paining of 
 yourfelf with overmuch exactnefs : for [nocere fape 
 H 2 mm: am 
 
ico S CULPTURA: or, 
 
 ■■'■'''■'. <:7/:>;-. ; ;;.\?w] " that a work often fullers b^ 
 " being too much laboured," was an old observation; 
 and therefore the ancient painters (faysPHiLOSTRA- 
 tvs] more efteemed a certain true and liberal draught 
 than the neatnefs of the figure, as he exprelTes it 
 ia Amphiaraus's horfe fweating after the conflict ; 
 fmce drawings and defigns are not to be like Po- 
 lycletus's canon, which took its feveral parts from 
 as many perfect bodies, by a ftudied and moft ac- 
 curate fymmetry. It fliall fuffice that the prime 
 conceptions of our artift be performed with lefs 
 ■■: : nftraint : a coal or pencil of black-lead will ferve 
 the turn, referving the ftronger and deeper touches 
 for a fecond pals or the hand over your work ; and 
 laft of all, penning the contours and out-lines with 
 a more even and acute touch, neatly Rnifhing the 
 fetches with a refolute conftant and flowing hand, 
 : illy as it approaches to the fainter fhadows, 
 terminating them in loft and mifty extremes, and 
 thwarted [if you will counter-hatch) at equal and 
 uniform intervals ''but not till the nrft be dry) or 
 if with Angle ftrokes [which to us renders the moft 
 natural and agreable effects, with full deep hatches, 
 ar.d their due diminifhings. 
 
 But it would haply be objected, that thefe accu- 
 rate defigns of the Pen were never efteemed among 
 &i& nobler parts of Drawing, as for the moft part 
 appearing too finical ftiff and conftrained. To this 
 we reply ; that the remark is not impertinent, as 
 commonly we find by experience : but it has not 
 proceded from the leaft defect in the Instrument, 
 but from that of the Artist, whofe aptitude is 
 . : arri ed to that perfection which is requifite, 
 
 and 
 
the Hiilory of Chalcography. ioi 
 
 and does infallibly confirm and difpole the hand to 
 
 whatever it addreiTes ; affording io great a delight 
 and fatisfaction to fome excellent workmen, as that 
 they never defired to advance further than this tri- 
 umph of the Pen*, which has celebrated their names, 
 and equalized their renown with that of the moil 
 famous painters. For fuch were (in this nature) 
 the incomparable drawings of Don Giulio Clo- 
 vio, Albert Durer, Passarotto, yea Ti- 
 tian himfelf when the fancy took him ; the fore- 
 mentioned Goltzius, especially for his 'Diana 
 Jleeping, drawn with a pen on a cloth primed in oil, 
 which was fometime fold at Amfterdam for two 
 hundred pounds ; and that laborious and mil": rtu- 
 pendous work of his, now part of his Majesty's 
 collection, where he has drawn with the pen upon 
 an heightning of oil a Venus, Cupid, Sar:r, and 
 lome other Jigures, as big as the life iuelf, with a 
 boldnefs and dexterity incomparable : and fuch are 
 fome things which we have feen done by Siguier 
 Thomaso a Florentine -, and our ingenious Iriend 
 Mr. Vander Douse (defcended of that noble 
 Janus Dousa, whole learning and courage the 
 great Scaliger and Grotius have lb worthily 
 celebrated} now in the court of England. To 
 thefe we add Robe r t N a n t e u i l at Paris ; and of 
 our own countrymen, thofe eight or ten dra r j:ir.gs 
 by the pen of Francis and Jo h n Cl e v n (two 
 hopeful, but now deceafed brothers} after thofe 
 great cartoons of Raphael, containing the itories 
 bfTheaffsoftheapoftles, where, in a fraternal emu- 
 lation, they have done iuch work, as was never yet 
 exceded by mortal men, either of the former or 
 
 H 3 prelent 
 
102 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 prefent age •, and worthy they are of the honour 
 which his Majesty has done their memories, by 
 having purchafed thefe excellent things out of Ger- 
 many, whither they had been tranfported, or, at 
 leaft, intended : there is likewife one Mr. Francis 
 Carter (now in Italy) not to be forgotten amongft 
 thofe whofe pens deferve to be celebrated. But it 
 }s not here that we are to expatiate far on this par- 
 ticular, as defigning a chapter only ; much lefs 
 fhall we have leifure to proceed to black and white 
 Chalk (as they call it) upon coloured paper, in 
 which thofe many incomparable and original draw- 
 ings of the old and great Masters are yet ex- 
 tant ; wherein a middle colour wrought upon two 
 extremes, produces, (on an inflant) that wonder-, 
 ful and flup.endous roundnefs and exflancy, which 
 the Pen is fo long in doing, though fo infallible a 
 guide to its well doing j that having once attained 
 the command of that inflrument, all other drawings 
 whatfoever will feem moll eafy and delightful. 
 Neither fhall it then be requifite to continue that 
 exactnefs, fince all Drawing is but as an hand- 
 maid and attendant to what you would either Gr a ve 
 or Paint. . 
 
 But by this perfection and dexterity at firfl, did 
 even thofe renowned mailers, Giulio, Parme- 
 giano, and fometimes Polydore himfelf, (not 
 to infill on Rubens and Van Dyke) proceed, 
 whofe drawings in this kind, when firfl they made 
 their fludies in Italy, were exceedingly curious and 
 finiihed -, though in all their more recent and ma- 
 turer defigns, rather judicious than exact, becaufe 
 of that time which fuch minute finifhings did ufually 
 
 take 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography, 103 
 
 take up i and, that when all is done, it is ftill but 
 a Drawing, which indeed conduces to the making 
 of profitable things,, but is itfelf none. 
 
 Yet lb highly necefTary is this of Drawing to 
 all who pretend to thefe noble and refined arts, that 
 for the fecuring of this foundation, and the promo- 
 tion and encouragement of it, the greateftPRiNCES 
 of Europe have erected, Academies, furnifhed with 
 all conveniences for the exercife and improvement 
 of the virtuofi : fuch illuftrious and noble geniufes 
 were Cosmo di Medicis, Francis the firft, 
 Carlo Borromeo, and others, who built, or 
 appointed for them, ftately apartments even in their 
 own paiaces, and under the fame roof y procuring 
 models, and endowing them with charters enfran- 
 chifements and ample honoraries ; by which they 
 attracted to their courts and countries, mofl of the 
 refined and extraordinary fpirits in all the arts and 
 fciences that were then celebrated throughout the 
 world. 
 
 Nor it feems has it been the fole glory of thole 
 illuftrious princes to cherim and enoble men of art : 
 the Greeks and Romans of old had them in fpe- 
 cial veneration; but in none of their courts, were 
 men of fcience carefled to that degree, as in that 
 we have read of the emperors of Japan at prefent, 
 who does not only entertain and nobly accommo- 
 date them, but never ftirs abroad without their 
 company. Thefe great men, fays my * author, 
 (meaning Physicians, Painters, Sculptors, 
 Musicians, &c.' \_quos proprio nomine appellant 
 
 * Defcrip. R.eg. Japanise Bern. Varenii. 
 
 H 4 contu- 
 
104 SCULPT UR A: or, 
 
 contubernlum Caf arts'] " who are diftingulfhed by 
 " the name of the emperor's company") march be- 
 fore the king, whether he go forth in litter or on 
 horfeback; and being elected of perfons of the 
 greater! birth in his dominions, they always con- 
 tinue at his court richly appointed with falaries, 
 t)ut otherwife to bear no office whatsoever which 
 may in the leaft importune them ; [eo folum eleffi, 
 ut imperatori ad voluptatem £s? deleft l ationem confor- 
 tium prseftent, " as being therefore only chofen, to 
 " recreate and divert the prince with their excellent 
 " converfation." Thefe being men of the rareft 
 parts and endowments in his empire, have pre- 
 eminence in all places next the king : then come 
 the guards in the rear, which confift of a more in- 
 ferior nobility. Thus far the hiftorian. 
 
 We know not how this infbance may in thefe 
 days' be interpreted ; but, certainly, the courts of 
 princes were in former ages compofed of men of 
 the greateft virtue and talents above the reft, and 
 fuch as poffefled fbmethihg of extraordinary (befides 
 the wearing of fine cloaths and making* the bon 
 mein) to recommend them. We infift not on 
 Sculptors and Painters only, efpecially as 
 fuch men are now for the moll part vicious, or 
 elfe of poor and mechanic fpirits ; but as thofe an- 
 cient and noble geniufes were heretofore ' accom- 
 pliihed; and fuch as of late were Raphael, Du- 
 rer, Leon Alberti, Da Vinci, Rubens, and 
 at prefent Cavalier Bernini, &c. perfons of 
 moft excellent endowments and univerfally learned ; 
 which rendred their fautors and protectors famous, 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 105 
 
 by leaving fuch marks of their admired virtue as 
 did eternize their merits to after ages. 
 
 Thus it was, that Myron, Polycletus, Phy- 
 dias, Lysippus, and others of the ancients, pro- 
 cured fuch lafting names by their divine labours. 
 They wrought for Kings, great Cities, and noble 
 Citizens: whereas others, on the contrary, (men 
 haply of no lefs induftry and fcience) had little or 
 no notice taken of them -, becaufe they received no 
 fuch encouragements, were poor and neglected, 
 which did utterly eclipfe and fupprefs their fame : 
 fuch as thofe whereof Vitruvi us does in the pre- 
 face to his third book make mention, where he 
 ipeaks of Chiron the Corinthian, Hellas of 
 Athens, Myagrus of Phocia, Pharax the Ephe- 
 fian, befides Aristomenes, Polycles, Nicho- 
 machus, and feveral others; who being excellent 
 mailers, and rarely endowed, perifhed in obfcurity, 
 and without any regard from the unequal hand 
 and diftribution of fortune, and for want of being 
 cherifhed by princes and great men. But to re- 
 turn : 
 
 In thefe places they had books of drawings of all 
 jthe old and renowned Masters, rounds, bufis, 
 relievos, and entire figures, call off from the beft of 
 the antique fiatues and monuments, Greek and Ro= 
 man. There was to be feen, the Laocoon, Cleopa- 
 tra, Antinous, Flora, Hercules, Commodus, Venus, 
 Meleager, Niohe, &c. whereof the Originals 
 are ftill extant at Rome. There were likewife di- 
 vers rare and excellent fiatues, both of brafs and 
 marble -, models and divers fragments of bafes, co- 
 lumns, capitals^ freezes, cornices, and other peices 
 
 moulded 
 
io6 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 moulded from the moft authentic remains of the 
 ancient famous buildings, befides a univerial col- 
 lection of medals , things artificial and natural. 
 
 But to recover our Drawing again, as it con- 
 cerns the art of Chalcography. We have already 
 mentioned fuch of the moft accomplifhedGR a ve rs, 
 whofe labours and works were propofed for exemp- 
 lars and imitation. Nor let the moft fupercilious 
 Painter defpife what we have here alleged; or 
 imagine it any diminution to his art, that he now 
 and then put his hand to the Pen, and draw even 
 after fome of thofe Majlers we have fo much cele- 
 brated. What An drea delSarto has taken out 
 of the prints of Albert Durer, improving and 
 reducing them to his manner (not for want of in- 
 vention, and plagiary like, as all that have any 
 knowlege of his works can juftify) has no way 
 eclipfed, but rather augmented his glory ; as on 
 the other fide, that divine peice of his, The Chrifius 
 mortuitSy which he gave to be cut by Augustino 
 Venetiano ; The triumphs, vafa, and anatomies 
 of old Ro s s o, by whomfoever engraven 5 and thofe 
 other things of his after Dome nico Bar bier 1. 
 Paulo Veronese did much iludy the prints of 
 Durer ; and that incomparable painter Antonio 
 Vassal acci, (called otherwife Alien«se) made 
 notable ufe of that his prodigious collection of 
 jlarnps of the moft rare hands : not 1 to recapitulate 
 what were publifhed by Raphael hjmfelf, and in- 
 finite others ; by which they have fufficiently made 
 appear, the value they attributed to tkis Art % de- 
 firing (as much as in them lay) to render their 
 works famous to pofterity, by thus communicating 
 
 them 
 
the Hiflory of Chalcography. 107 
 
 them to the world, though, many times, through 
 the hands but of very vulgar and ordinary gravers. 
 
 And here we mould have put a period to this efTay 
 and the preient chapter, as having abundantly vin- 
 dicated the neceflity and worthinefs of Design and 
 Drawing, as it is previous and introductory to the 
 art of Chalcography, had not one curiofity more 
 prevented us ; which becaufe it fo much concerns 
 the conducting of hatches and ftrokes, whether 
 with pen, point, or graver, pretending to (at leaft 
 very ingeniouily hinting) a method, how, by a 
 conftant and regular certitude, one may exprefs to 
 the eye the fenfation of the relievo or exftancie of 
 objects, be it by one or more hatches, crofs and 
 counter, we think not impertinent here to recite as 
 briefly as the demonftration will permit. 
 
 The principal end of a Graver that would 
 copy a defign or peice compofed of one or more 
 objects, is, to render it correct both in relation to 
 the draught, contours, and other particularities as 
 to the lights and fhades on the front, flying or 
 turning, in bold or faint touches, fo as may beft 
 exprefs the relief; in which Gravers have hitherto, 
 for the mod part, rather imitated one another, than 
 improved or refined upon nature \ fome with more, 
 fome with fewer flrokes ; having never yet found 
 out a certain and uniform guide to follow in this 
 work, fo as to carry their flrokes with arTurance, > 
 as knowing where they are to determine, without 
 manifeflly offending the due rules of perfpective. 
 
 If, in truth, nakeds and other polite bodies were 
 fo formed, as that we might detect the courfe and 
 inclination of the threads, fibres, and grain, fo as 
 
 we 
 
io8 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 we perceive it in fluffs, cloth, linen, and other 
 draperies, nothing would appear more facile ; for 
 let them affume what ply they will, it does not at 
 all concern the tiffue tenor or range of the threads 
 and wails (as they call them) which is eafily imi- 
 tated, both as to their inclinations, and diftances 
 from the point of fight. 
 
 But fince we are much at a lofs, and can perceive 
 no fuch direction or clue in nudities and other 
 fmooth furfaces, it were haply worth the while to 
 find out fome expedient which fhould affift the 
 imagination in this affair, and that might encoun- 
 ter the difficulty upon other terfe and even objects, 
 by forming fuch ftrokes and directors upon them in 
 our imaginations ; obferving, that there are fome 
 parts in them commonly to be diftinguifhed from 
 the mafs in grofs ; for example, the hairs in men, 
 eyes, teeth, nails, &Vj that as one would conceive 
 fuch lines or hatches on thofe mafles, others may 
 likewife be as well fancied upon thofe lefler and 
 more delicate members. 
 
 To effect this, the following Iconism is thus 
 explained. 
 
 Suppofe, in the uppermoft figure of this plate, 
 the object O to be the reprefentation in perfpective 
 of the portion of a bowl, expofed to the beams of 
 the fun ; and the letters c. s. r. t. a frame, or fquare 
 of wood barred and ilrung in even and flrait lines 
 parallel inter fe. 
 
 Then another thread, viz. m. n. crofling them 
 in perpendicular. The frame in the mean time 
 fuppofed to incline towards the bowl betwixt it 
 and the fun, which reprefents to you all thefe 
 
 threads 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 109 
 
 threads projecting their fhadows upon the bowl, 
 and the iurface where it is fituate. 
 
 Suppofe now the fame upon the relievo or mafs 
 itfelf j it is evident, thatthefe threads, in whatever 
 manner you interpofe the faid frame betwixt the 
 bowl and the fun, will perpetually caft their lha- 
 dows parallel inter fe, cutting it as it were into ie- 
 veral planes, uniform and parallel alfo. 
 
 You fee likewife in this very figure, that the ob- 
 lique and direct fhades 0, u, x, y, are caufed by the 
 cathetus m t n ; and the pointed curved lines upon 
 the bowl O, 'viz. 0, x, », 1,2, &c. are formed by 
 the parallels which interfect the perpendicular. 
 
 But the fame frame pofited between the fun and 
 a head in relievo, of white marble or the like (as 
 in the inferior example, ) will not render the fha- 
 dow of the threads alike upon all the parts parallel 
 inter fe (as in the former) though the fame were 
 fuppofed to be cut by like plane and mutual pa- 
 rallels as was the bowl 0. However, fo mail they 
 appear, as to hint the tracing of parallels on the 
 relievo, or aflift the imagination of them there, 
 and confequently, how to defign them upon objects 
 made after the fame ordonance in perspective pa- 
 rallel, as one may conceive them upon the relievo 
 of an ordonance in geometrical parallel, viz. as in 
 the figure O ; or, to fpeak more diftinctly, fup- 
 pofing them the fame on the irregular as on the 
 regular. 
 
 Confider then upon the head, the concourfe of 
 thofe imaginaiy parallels in perfpective, fhaded 
 with the pointed lines -, and how the intercurrent 
 
 hatches, 
 
no SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 hatches, which they comprehend, purfue the fame 
 courfe and tenor, or perfpective parallelifm. 
 
 From thefe inftances now, it will not be difficult 
 how to apply the fame upon all the forts of bodies 
 reprefentable by graving, and to comprehend in 
 ones imagination the concurrency and uniform tenor 
 of the particles, as we may fo call them : only, 
 there is this particular to be obferved, that the pro- 
 jecture of the threads will not appear alike perfpi- 
 cuous in the deep and ffiady parts of relievos as 
 upon the illuminated, being loft in the dark : but 
 this is eafily fupplied by the imagination, or by 
 holding a loofe thread parallel to the fhaded, near 
 to the body of the figure ; by which the courfe oi 
 the ' reft may be well conceived. And this may 
 ferve to give great light to him that fhall either 
 grave in copper, or draw with the pen, for the 
 fymmetrically conducting of his hatches, determi- 
 natively, and with certitude, by thus imagining 
 them to be geometrically marked upon the relievo 
 or emboffment of the natural, wherever he encoun- 
 ter it ; and after this conception, to trace them out 
 upon his plate or draught in perfpective. 
 
 And indeed, that which is chiefly confiderable 
 and ingenious in this, is, that of their perfpective ; 
 fince the fhades of the lines (in the forementioned 
 example) which were upon the parts more or lefs 
 turned, appear to our eye accordingly with more 
 or lefs force, which renders clear a different effect 
 as to the fwelling and exftancies of the parts, than 
 we find it in works where this method has not been 
 obferved ; fo as truly this may feem to be the mofl 
 certain expedient of expreffing by hatches the re- 
 lievo 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. hi 
 
 I lievo of objects, whether with the pen or burin. 
 
 I And this is the fenfe of a much larger difcourfe, 
 
 I which monfieur du Bosse has propofed, treating 
 
 { of the practice of perfpeffive upon irregular furfaces, 
 
 ( and we have thought fit to infert into this chapter ; 
 
 I not only becaufe it is new and pretty, but for that 
 
 j (to us) it appears to be of good ufe, and as may 
 
 j be feen in fome of the late heads graven by the in- 
 
 1 comparable Nantueil, who had been the fole 
 
 occafion of this ingenious confideration about the 
 
 time of our lafl being at Paris. 
 
 But if this (like the diligence of Mechopanes, 
 I which Pliny affirms none was able to underfland 
 but an artift only) feem to be a difquifition more 
 refined than ufeful, for that few of our gravers 
 work off from the round, upon which alone the 
 obfervation is practicable ; yet ihall it be necefTary 
 to admonifh, that fhadows over dark, too deep and 
 fudden, are not commendable in thefe works, as 
 feldom fo appearing in the life ; and therefore hatch- 
 ings expreffed by lingle ftrokes, are ever the moff. 
 graceful and natural, though of greater difficulty 
 to execute, efpecially being any ways oblique ; be- 
 caufe they will require to be made broader and fuller 
 ij in the middle, than either at their entrance or exit, 
 I an addrefs much more eafy with the burin and the 
 ;! pen than with the point; though monfieur Bosse 's 
 ■ invention of the efchoppe does render the making 
 of this fulcus much more facile. But to attain 
 this mafterly, and with afliirance of hand, our 
 workmen may do well to imitate the gravings of 
 the Sadelers, Villamena, Suanneburg, 
 Gaultier; but efpecially Claudius Mellan, 
 
 Natalis, 
 
ii2 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 Natalis, Poilly, Nantueil, Cornelius 
 Blomaert, H. Goltzius : and for the etchers 
 in aqua fortis, Callot and Du Bosse, in fome 
 of their laft cuts efpecially. Though even the 
 counter hatchings alfo, coming tenderly off, and 
 well conducted, (fo as 'tis to be feen in fome of the 
 prints of Mark Antonio, C. Cort, Aug. 
 Car r ache and other mailers) render both an ad- 
 mirable and flupendous effect ; for it is in this well 
 placing of white and black, wherein all this Art, ; 
 and even that of Painting does confift. Thus 
 Aglaphontes ufed but one colour ; no more did 
 Nitia the Athenian painter: and it was this re- 
 lievo alfo for which the famous Zeuxis became fo 
 renowned : not to infill onHEREDicEs the Corin- 
 thian, and Thelophanes the Sicyonian, who 
 were both of them but monochromifts, and, till 
 Cleophanes came amongfl them, no difiemblers, 
 as owning no other colours but thofe eminent con- 
 traries, that is, the lights and the fhades ; in the 
 true managing whereof fo many wonders are to be 
 produced by this Art, and even a certain fplendor 
 and beauty in the touches of the burin, fo as the 
 very union and colouring itfelf may be conceived 
 without any force upon the imagination, as we 
 have before obferved in thefe excellent gravings of 
 Natalis, Rousselet, andPoiLLY, after Bour- 
 don; and in what Greuter, Blomaert, and 
 fome others have done after Poussin, Guido 
 Reni, Cortona, &c. 
 
 But here by the way, let no man think we mean 
 by this color ee (as they term it) in drawing and 
 graving, fuch a pofition of the hatches as the 
 
 chevalier 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 113 
 
 chevalier Wo l son has invented; and Pietro 
 Santo the jefuit has followed, to diftinguifh their 
 blazons by * : but a certain admirable effect, 
 emerging from the former union of lights and 
 fhadows; fuch as the Ancients would exprefs 
 by tonus, or the Pythagoreans in their propor- 
 tions, and imitated in this Art, where the fhades 
 of the hatches intend and remit, to the belt re- 
 femblance of Painting, the commifTures of the 
 light and dark parts, imperceptibly united; or at 
 leaft fo fweetly conducted* as that the alteration 
 could no more certainly be defined, than the fe- 
 mitones or harmoge in mufic •, which though in- 
 deed differing, yet it is fo gentle, and fo agreable, 
 as even ravilhes our fenfes, by a fecret kind of 
 charm, not to be expreffed in words or difcerned 
 by the ignorant. And this it is which has rendered 
 it fo difficult to copy after defigns and painting* 
 and to give the true heightenings, where there are 
 no hatchings to exprefs them ; unlefs he, that co- 
 pies, defign perfectly himfelf, and poflefs more 
 than the ordinary talent and judgment of gravers, 
 or can himfelf manage the pencil; 
 
 But to return to prints again. We are to un- 
 derstand, that what the artifts do many times call 
 excellent, does not always fignify to the advantage 
 of the graver ; but more frequently the defign, 
 confifting in the lineaments, proportion and or- 
 donance, if thefe be well and maflerly performed, 
 and for which we have fo recommended the practice 
 of this art to our Englifh painters in chap. IV; tho', 
 
 * Theatre cThofteur. TefTera Gentil. 
 
 I t® 
 
IH SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 to fpeak of an accomplifhed peice indeed, it is the 
 refult of integral cauies only, and where they uni- 
 verfally encounter. 
 
 We do farther add, that, for this reafon, copies 
 are in prints much more eafily detected than in 
 paintings, and, by confequence, more facile alfo 
 to imitate, as ufmg all one kind of inftrument and 
 fewer ways of expreffion. But if there be a diffi- 
 culty in it, thofe which are etched in aqua fortis 
 make it moft confpicuous ; both becaule the na- 
 ture of the plates, and quality of the waters and 
 their operations, may fometimes fall out to be fo 
 very unlike. But to difcern an original print from 
 a copy print, (not to fpeak of fuch plates as have 
 been retouched and therefore of little value) is a 
 knack very eafily attained ; becaufe 'tis almoft im- 
 poflible to imitate every hatch, and to make the 
 ilrokes of exact and equal dimensions, where every 
 the leaft defect, cr flaw in the copper itfelf, is fuf- 
 ficient to detect and betray the impofture ; as in 
 that little DeJ "cent from the crofs of Annibale^Ca- 
 r ac che (already mentioned) is perfpicuous, and 
 which it were abfolutely impoffible to counterfeit. 
 In the mean time, fuch as are profound and well 
 knowing, do eftablim their judgments upon other 
 particulars of the art, and the very handling itfelf. 
 
 Laftly, that aqua fortis gives a tendernefs to 
 landfchapes, trees and buildings, fuperior to that 
 of the burin (though that exceed infinitely in figures) 
 may be feen in that of Israel's View of the Louvre* 
 before recited ; and in fome other works where 
 there is an induftrious and fludied mixture, as in 
 that fecond manner of Vosterman's which did fo 
 
 much 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 115 
 
 much pleafe Rubens and Van Dyke, even in the 
 portraits which that excellent graver publiihed after 
 thofe great mens paintings. 
 
 It was in the former chapter that we made re- 
 hearfal of the moft renowned Gravers and their 
 works ; not that we had no mere to add to that 
 number, but becaufe we would not mingle thefe 
 illuflxious names and qualities there, which we 
 purpofely referved for the crown of this difcourfe : 
 we did, therefore, forbear to mention what his 
 highnefs prince Rupert's own hands have contri- 
 buted to the dignity of that art ; performing things 
 in graving (of which fome enrich our collection) 
 comparable to the greateft matters ; fuch a fpirit 
 and addrefs there appears in all that he touches, 
 and efpecially in that of the Mezzo tin to, of 
 which we mall fpeak hereafter more at large, having 
 firft enumerated thole incomparable gravings of 
 that his new and inimitable ftile, in both the great 
 and little Decollations of St. John Baptifi, The fold. 1 cr 
 holding a fpt-ar and leaning his hand on a floield, The 
 two Mary Magdalens, The old man's head, that of 
 Titian, &c. after the fame Titian, Georgione, 
 and others. We have alio feen a plate etched by 
 the prefent French King, and other great per- 
 fons ; the right honourable the earl of Sandwich 
 fometimes (as we are told) diverting himfelf with 
 the burin, and herein imitating thole ancient and 
 renowned heroes, whole names are loud in the 
 trumpet of fame for their fkill and particular af- 
 fection to thefe arts. For fuch of old, were Lu- 
 cius Manilius and Fabius, noble Romans ; 
 Pacuvius the tragic poet, nephew to Ennius ; 
 I 2 Socrates 
 
ti6 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 Socrates the wifeft of men, and Plato himfelf. 
 Metrodorus, and Pyrrhus the philofopher, 
 did both defign and paint •, and fo did Valenti- 
 nian, Adrian, and Severus, emperors^ fo as 
 the great Paulus ^Emtlius elleemed it of fuch 
 high importance, that he would needs have his fon 
 to be inftru&ed in it, as in one of the mofl worthy 
 and excellent accomplishments belonging to a prince. 
 For the art of graving Quintilian likewife cele- 
 brates Euphranor, a polite and rarely endowed 
 perfon; and Pliny, in that chapter where he treats 
 of the fame art, obferves, that there was never any 
 one famous in it, but who was by birth or educa- 
 tion a Gentleman : therefore He and Galen, 
 in their recenfionof the Liberal Arts, mention 
 that of Graving in particular amongft the mofl 
 permanent ; and in the fame catalogue number it 
 with rhetoric, geometry, logic, aftronomy, yea 
 grammar itfelf ; becaufe there is in thefe arts, fay 
 they, more of fancy and invention than flrength of 
 hand, more of the fpirit than of the body. Hence 
 Aristotle informs us*, that the Grecians did 
 univerfally institute their children in the art of 
 painting and drawing, for an oeconomique reafon 
 there fignified, as well as to produce proportions 
 in the mind. Varro makes it part of the Ladies 
 education, that they might have the better fkill in 
 » he works of embroidery, &c. and for this caufe 
 his daughter Marti a celebrated amongft thofe 
 of her fair fex. We have already mentioned the 
 learned Anna Schurman •, but the Princess 
 Louisa has done wonders of this kind, and is 
 
 * Polit. 1.3. c. 3. 
 
 famous 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. ii- 
 
 Famous throughout Europe for the many peize^ 
 which enrich our cabinets ; examples fuflicien: ro 
 vindicate its dignity, and the value that has been 
 fet upon it: fince Emperors, Kings, and Phi- 
 losophers, the great and the wife, have not dif- 
 dained to cultivate and cheriih this honourable qua- 
 lity ; of old fo nobly reputed, that amongft the 
 G?. i iks a flave might not be taught it. How 
 paiEonately does Pereskius, that admirable and 
 univerfal genius, deplore his waa| of dexterity in 
 this Art ' Baptista Albert?, Aldus, Pom- 
 ponius Guaricus, Durer, and Rubens, were 
 politely learned and knowing men *, and it is hardly 
 to be imagined, of how great ufe, and conducible, 
 a competent addrek in this Art of Drawing and 
 Di signing is to the feveral advantages which oc- 
 cur •, and efpecially, to the more noble mathema- 
 tical fciences, as we have already inftanced in the 
 ^wrorks ofHivELius, and are no lefs obliged 
 to celebrate fome of our own countrymen famous 
 for their dexterity in this incomparable art ; fuch 
 was that Blagrave, who himfelf cut thofe dia- 
 grams in his mathematical jewel -, and fuck at pre - 
 fent, is that rare and early prodigy of univerfal 
 icience, Dr. Christopher Wren, our worthy 
 and accomplifhed friend. For, if the ftudy of elo- 
 quence and rhetoric were cultivated by the greateft 
 geniuies and heroic perfons which the world has 
 produced, and that, by the fufrrage of the moil 
 knowing, to be a perfect orator a man ought to be 
 univerfal ly inftrucled, a quality fo becoming and 
 ufeful mould never be neglected : [omnium emm 
 I 3 
 
iiS SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 artium peritus erit orator, ft de omnibus ei dicendum 
 eft*] "he that would fpeak well upon all fubjedts, 
 " mould be ignorant of none.'* It was Cicero 
 that taught Quintilian the importance of it, 
 where he tells us, that in his opinion, no man 
 could pretend to be [omni laude cumulatus orator'Y] 
 " a perfect and accomplished orator indeed," \nifi 
 erit omnium rerum magnarum at que artium fcientiam 
 confecutus] " unlels he be fkilled in all the valuable 
 ct parts of fcience." It is the fentence of that great 
 man, and therefore to be embraced by us, efpecially 
 on this occafion j becaufe it was immediately after 
 lie had exprefty inftanced in C^latura & Sculp- 
 tura, that of cutting and engraving : for it is 
 worth the obfervation, that the ages which did moil 
 excel in eloquence, did alfo nouriih molt in These 
 Arxs, as in the time of Demosthenes, and the 
 •fame Cicero; and as they appeared, fo they com- 
 monly vanished together ; and this remark is uni- 
 verfal. 
 
 But now for clofe of all, and to verify the ad- 
 mirable ufe which may be derived from this incom- 
 parable Art above the reft, let us hear what the 
 learned abbot of Villeloin, monfieurDE Marolles, 
 has left upon record in the Memoirs of his own life, 
 Anno mdcxliv, after he had made a very hand- 
 fome Difcourfe (which we recommend to all good 
 Roman catholics) concerning images, upon occafion 
 of a fuperftitious frequenting of a certain renowned 
 ilirine pretended to have done miracles at Paris, 
 .but was detected to be an impofture. The paffage 
 is thus.: Dieu m^a fait la grace, &c. 
 
 . flWQpiNTii.. inft. 1.2. fDeOrat. i. 
 
 I am 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 119 
 
 I am (faith he) greatly obliged to GOD, that 
 though I have ever had a lingular affection to images, 
 I was never in my life fuperftitious \ \ have yet 
 made, a colleclion fo prodigious, that they amount to 
 no lefs than feventy thoufand, (he adds afterwards. 
 ten thoufand more ;) but they are all copper cuts : 
 and engravings of all forts of fubjects imaginable, 
 I began to be addicted to this kind of curiolity but 
 fince the year mdcxli *, but have fo cherifhed the 
 humour, that I may truly affirm, without the leaft 
 exaggeration, that I have fome prints of all the 
 mafiers that are any where to be found, as well gra- 
 vers as dejigners and inventors, to the number of 
 above four hundred ; and thefe are ranged in Books 
 of charts and maps, calligraphy, architeclure, forti- 
 fication, tatlics, Jieges, circumvallations, battles, 
 Jingle combats, naval fights, maritime peices, land- 
 /chapes, towns, cajlles, feas, rivers, fountains, vafa, 
 gardening, flowers, ruins, perfpeclive, clocks, watches, 
 machines, goldfmiths' works, joiners 1 and workers' in 
 iron, copper, embroidering, laces, grotefque, animals, 
 habits of fever al countries, anatomies, portraitures, 
 cartouches and compartiments, antiques, baffo relievos, 
 fiatues, catafalcos, tombs, epitaphs, funeral pomps, 
 entries, cavalcados, devices, medals, emblems, Jhips, 
 cabinet peices, trees, fruits, ftones, dances, comedies, 
 bacchanalia, huntings, armories, tournaments, maf- 
 facres, executions, torments, fports, heroic and moral 
 fables, hiftories, lives of faints and martyrs, peices of 
 the Bible, religious orders, thefes, and above ten 
 thoufand portraits of renowned perfons, without 
 counting (amongft thefe) above fix fcore volumes 
 of matters, whole names he there enumerates alpha- 
 I 4 betically. 
 
I2P SCULP TURA: or, 
 
 betically. This curiofity (fays he) I affected from 
 my youth ; but did not much cultivate till of late 
 years, preferring it even before paintings themfelves 
 (for which yet I have infinite efteem •,) not only for 
 that they are more proportionable to my purfe, but 
 becaufe the^r better become our libraries: fo that 
 had we a dozen only, that were curious of theie 
 collections in France, efpecially among perfons of 
 condition (fuch as monfieur De L'Orme, the late 
 rr.onfieur De la Mechinier, iSc.) taitte-douces 
 would come to be extraordinary rarities ; and the 
 works of Lucas, Durer, Marc Antonio, and 
 the Polite Masters, which are now fold at four 
 or five hundred crowns a-peice, would be then va- 
 lued at three times as much ; a thing incredible, 
 did not experience convince us of it j thofe who are 
 touched with this kind of affection, hardly ever 
 abandoning it, fo full of charms variety and in-, 
 ftrucldon it is. Truly, methinks, that all Pr i n c e s 
 efpecially, and Great Men, fhould be ftored with 
 theie works, preferable to a world of other trifling 
 collections, and lefs fruitful ; as comprehending lb 
 many confiderable, remarkable things, and notices 
 ofalmoft all forts' of fubjects imaginable. Thus 
 far the learned Abbot. 
 
 But it leads us yet farther, when we ferioufly 
 reflect, how capable this Art is, above all other 
 whatfoever, to infinuate all forts of notions and 
 things into Children, and be made an inftrument 
 of education fuperior to all thofe abftradfted terms, 
 and fecondary intentions, wherewith mailers com- 
 monly torment and weary their tender and weak 
 capacities. And this we have difcovered by. much 
 1 - experience j 
 
the Hiflory of Chalcography. 121 
 
 experience ; .and could here produce examples 
 beyond belief in a child at prefent not fe ye 2:5 eld, 
 who does both know and perfectly comprehend 
 fuch things and actions, as hardly any at fix&en, 
 fome at twenty have yet attained, who penVe die 
 common method of our grammar fchools without 
 theie aids and advantages : for, flr.ee r:; '-::.' 
 intellzTtv, cued r.cr. prius fuit in fmfu*~\ " 2I. 
 *< ideas are originally derived from our i'enie.yd' and 
 that as the poet had well oblervec, 
 
 Scgr.ius irritant ammss iemiffaper aurem, 
 
 £>uam ::-.f w ur.t c::t.'is m ':.':-:r.r. ~:.-':rus — . 
 
 What we hear, 
 
 With weaker pafllon will afiecl the heart, 
 
 Than when the faithful eye beh e part : 
 
 Francis. 
 
 what can there be more likely to inform and delight 
 them, [.; . ; .: : : majora nm capit^\ " while they 
 I? are incapable of higher things," than the pictures 
 
 and reprefentarions of thoie things which they are 
 to learn ? We did mention before the Hierogiypbical 
 xmmmr publiihed by Dr. Cow ay \ and it is well 
 known, how Ei l k ard us Lub i n u s . in an epiftle 
 
 to the duke of S:eon, has celebrated and contrived 
 an inititurion of youth by this Art : fuch as was 
 alio the defign of that prodigy of a man, La Mar- 
 tzlay, who had already col 
 fuch a choice number of otfj, and fo univerial, as 
 by which he more than pretended for he really ef- 
 
 * Aristot t HnAT, 
 
 fected 
 
 a 
 
122 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 fected it) to teach all the fciences by them alone; 
 and that with as much certitude, and infinitely 
 more expedition, than by the moft accurate method 
 that was ever yet produced. What a Ipecimen of 
 •this, Jo. Amos Cqmmenius, in his orbis fenfua- 
 lium piclus, gives us in a nomenclator of all the 
 •fundamental things and actions of men in the whole 
 world, is public ; and I do boldly affirm it to be a 
 peice of fuch excellent uie, as that the like was 
 never extant, however it comes not yet to be per- 
 ceived. A thoufand pities it is, that in the edition 
 publifhed by Mr. Hoole, the cuts were fo wretch- 
 edly engraven : I do, therefore, heartily wifh, that 
 this might excite fome gallant and public minded 
 perfon to augment and proceed farther upon that 
 moft ufeful defign ; which yet comes greatly ihort 
 •of the perfection it is capable of, were fome addi- 
 tions made, and the prints reformed, and improved 
 to the utmoft by the fkilful hand of fome rare 
 iartift. In the mean time, what a treafury of excel- 
 lent things might by this expedient be conveyed and 
 imprened into the waxen tables and imaginations of 
 children ! feeing, there is nothing more prepofterous, 
 than to force thole things into the ear, which are 
 nnjtble and the proper objects of the eye ; for 
 Picture is a kind of Universal Language, 
 how diverfe foever the tongues and vocal expref- 
 fions of the feveral nations which fpeak them may 
 iappear ; [folet enim piftura tacens loqui, maximeque 
 •frodejfe] " a picture, though it has no tongue, can 
 " fpeak, and convey ufeful inftructions ;" as Na- 
 zianzen has it: fo as, if ever, by this, is that 
 long fought for art moft likely to be accomplished. 
 
 " Nor 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography". 123 
 
 Nor can any words whatever hope to reach thofe 
 defcriptions, which, in a numberlefs fort of things, 
 picture does immediately, and as it were at one 
 glance interpret to the meaneft of capacities : for in- 
 iftance, in our herbals, books of infecls, birds, beafis, 
 fijhes, buildings, monuments, and the reft which make 
 up the cycle of the learned Abeot ; fome of them 
 haply never feen before, or fo much as heard of, as 
 Julian does upon occalion ingenuoufly acknow- 
 ledge. And what do we find more in requeft 
 amongfl the ancients, than the images of their heroes 
 and illuflrious predecefTors, fuch as Atticus and 
 Marcus Varro collected? All which confidered, 
 we do not doubt to affirm, that by the application 
 of this Art alone, not only children, but even 
 ftriplings well advanced in age, might receive in- 
 credible advantages, preparatory to their entrance 
 into the fchool intellectual, by an univerfal and 
 choice collection of prints and cuts well defigned, 
 engraven and difpofed, much 5,fter the manner and 
 method of the abovenamed Ville loin ; which 
 mould contain, as it were, a kind of encyclopedia 
 of all intelligible and memorable things, that either 
 are or have ever been in rerum natura. It is not 
 to be conceived of what advantage this would prove 
 for the inftitution of Prfnces and noble perfons, 
 who are not to be treated with the ruder difficulties 
 of the vulgar grammar fchools only, and abftrufer 
 notions of things in the reft of the fciences, with- 
 out thefe auxiliaries •, but to be allured and courted 
 into knowledge, and the love of it, by all fuch 
 fubfidiaries and helps as may beft reprefent it to 
 them in piclwe, wmenclatcr, and the moll pleafing 
 
 defcriptions 
 
124 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 defcriptions of fenfual objeffs, which naturally Hide 
 into their fluid and tender apprehenfions, fpeedily 
 pofleffing their memories, and with infinite delight 
 preparing them for the more profound and folid 
 ftudies. 
 
 Seneca, indeed, feems to refufe the graphical 
 fciences thofe advantages which others of the Phi- 
 losophers have given to them amongft the molt 
 liberal, as reckoning them fomewhat too voluptuary 
 for his ftoical humour : yet did Socrates learn 
 this very art of carving of his father; Diogenes 
 drew the picture of Plato ; and the orator Mes- 
 salla commends it moil highly. But what more 
 tonc^rns our prefent inftance, is, that it was by the 
 approbation of the great Augustus himfelf, that 
 queen Podius the mute mould be diligently taught 
 it. We could tell you of a perfon of good birth 
 in England, who (labouring under the fame im- 
 perfection) does exprefs many of his conceptions 
 by this Art of drawing and defigning : and if (as 
 'tis obferved) it furnifh us with maxims to difcern 
 of general defects and vices, efpecially in what re- 
 lates to the proportions of human bodies, it is 
 certainly not to be efteemed fo inconfiderable as by 
 many it is. Polygnotus could exprefs the paf- 
 fions, and ARisTiDESthe very interior motions of 
 the foul, if we will believe what is recorded. But 
 whether it advance to that prerogative ; this we 
 read of for certain, (as to our pretence for the educa- 
 tion of children) that when L. Paulus demanded of 
 the conquered Athenians a philofopher to inftrucc his 
 little ones, they preferred one Me trod or us an ex- 
 cellent pointer before any of the reft. What Quin- 
 
 TILIAtt 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 125 
 
 til 1 an fays of Euphranor is fufficiently known: 
 and if fome great Princes have not dildained to 
 take the pencil in the fame hand in which they 
 fwayed the fcepter and the /word; and that the know- 
 lege of this Divine Art was ufeful even to the 
 prefervation of the life of an emperor (for fuch was- 
 that Conftantinus Porphyrogenitus * ; ) it is not 
 without examples fufficient to fupport the dignity 
 of thefe Arts, that we have with fo much zeal 
 recommended them to Princes and illuftrious 
 perfons. 
 
 And now we have but one thing more to add be- 
 fore we conclude this chapter, and it is for caution 
 to thofe who fhall make thefe Collections for cu- 
 riolity and ornament only ; that where we have 
 faid all that we can of This or any other particular 
 Art, which may recommend it to the favour and 
 endearment of great perfons ; ' our intention is not, 
 that it ihould fo far engage them in its perfuit, as 
 to take from the nobler parts of life, for which 
 there are more fublime and worthy objects ; but, 
 that with this (as with the reft which are commend- 
 able, innocent, and excellent company) they would 
 fill up all fuch Ipaces and opportunities, as too 
 often lie open, eXpofe and betray them to mean 
 compliances, and lefs fignifkant diverfions. For 
 thefe, was Aratus a great collector, nor lefs 
 knowing in the judgment of pictures ; fo was 
 Vindex and many others : 
 
 —Namque hac quoties Chelyn exuit ilk 
 Dejidia eji^ hie Aoniis amor avocat antris-f. 
 
 * Luitprand. Hift. 
 
 f Statius Vind. Here. Epitrapez. 
 
 "He 
 
126 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 " He allows himfelf thefe relaxations only when he 
 " is tired with the more weighty affairs and con- 
 " cernments." Finally, that they would univer- 
 fally contend to do fome great thing, as who 
 fhould moft merit of the friences, by letting their 
 hands to the promotion of experimental and ufe- 
 ful knowlege, for the univerfal benefit and good of 
 mankind. 
 
 This, this alone, would render them defervedly 
 honourable indeed; and add a luftre to their 
 memories, beyond that of their painted titles, 
 which (without fome folid virtue) render but their 
 defects the more confpicuous to thofe, who know 
 how to make a right eftimate of things, and, by 
 whofe tongues and pens only, their trophies and 
 elogies can ever hope to furmount and out-laft the 
 viciflitudes of fortune. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
the Hiftory of C h a lcograprv, i if 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 Of the new way of engraving, or Mezzotinto, 
 invented and communicated by his Highness 
 Prince RUPERT, Count Palatine of 
 Rhine, &V. 
 
 WE have already advertifed the reader in one 
 of our preliminaries, why we did omit what 
 had been by us prepared for the accomplifhment 
 of the more mechanical part of the Chalcogra- 
 phical art : but it was not out of the leaft defign 
 to abufe him in the title at the frontifpeice of this 
 hiftory; fince we believed he would moll readily 
 commute for the defect, of a myftery fo vulgar, to 
 be gratified with another altogether " rare, extra- 
 *« ordinary, univerfally approved of, admired by 
 «* all who have confidered the effects of it, and, 
 " which (as yet) has by none been ever publifhed.'* 
 
 Nor may I, without extraordinary ingratitude, 
 conceal that illuftrious Name which did commu- 
 nicate it to me ; nor the obligation which the 
 curious have to that heroic Person, who was 
 pleafed to impart it to the World, though by fo in- 
 competent and unworthy an inftrument. 
 
 It would appear a paradox, to difcourfe to you 
 of a graving, without a gr&ver, burin, point, or 
 aquafortis -, and yet is this performed without the 
 afliftance of either. That what gives our molt 
 perite and dextrous artifts the greateft trouble, 
 and is longeft flnilhing, (for fuch are the hatches 
 
 and 
 
128 SCULPTURA: or, 
 
 and deepeft fhadows in plates) mould be here thd 
 leaft confiderable, and the moft expeditious ; that, 
 on the contrary, the lights mould be in this the 
 moft laborious, and yet performed with the greateft 
 facility ; that what appears to be effected with fd 
 little curiofity, Ihould yet fo accurately refemble 
 what is generally efteemed the very greateft, viz* 
 that a Print Ihould emulate even the beft of 
 Drawings Chiaro oscuro, or (as the Ita- 
 lians term it) peices of the Mezzotinto, fo as 
 nothing either of Ugo da Carpi, or any of thofe 
 other majiers who purfued his attempt, and whole 
 works we have already celebrated, have exceeded 
 or indeed approached, efpecially for that of Por- 
 traits, Figures, tender Landschapes, and 
 History, &V. to which it feems moft appropriate 
 and applicable. 
 
 This obligation then we have to his Highness 
 Prince RUPERT, Count Palatine of 
 Rhine, &c. who has been pleafed to caufe the 
 infiruments to be exprefiy fitted, to fhew me, with 
 his own hands, how to manage and conduct them 
 on the plate, that it might produce the effects I have 
 fo much magnified, and am here ready to fhew the 
 world, in zpeice of his own illuftrious touching* , 
 which he was pleafed to honour this work withal, 
 not as a venal addition to the price of the. book 
 ( though for which alone it is moft valuable ) but 
 a particular grace, as a fpecimen of what we have 
 alleged, and to adorn this prefent chapter. 
 
 * The Mezzotinto in this edition, is an exact copy 
 of Prince RUPERT's, done by Mr. Houston. 
 
the Hiftory of Chalcography. 129 
 
 It is likewife to be acknowleged, that his High- 
 ness did indulge me the liberty of publilhing the 
 whole manner and addrefs of this new way of 
 engraving, with a freedom perfectly generous 
 and obliging. But, when I had well confidered it 
 (fo much having been already exprerTed, which 
 may fuffice to give the hint to all ingenious perfons 
 how it is to be performed,) I did not think it ne- 
 ceflary, that an Art fo curious, and (as yet) fo 
 little vulgar (and which indeed does not fucceed 
 w T here the workman is not an accomplifhed De- 
 signer, and has a competent talent in Painting 
 likewiie) was to be proftituted at fo cheap a rate, 
 as the more naked defcribing of it here would too 
 foon have expofed it to. 
 
 Upon thefe confiderations then it is, that we 
 leave it thus enigmatical : and yet that this may 
 appear no difingenuous rodomontade in me, or 
 invidious excufe, I profefs myfelf to be always moll 
 ready (fub figillo, and by his Highness's per- 
 miflion) to gratify any curious and worthy perfon, 
 with as full and perfect a demonftration of the en- 
 tire art, as my talent and addrefs will reach to ; if 
 what I am now preparing to be referved in the 
 archives of the ROYAL SOCIETY concerning 
 it, be not fufficiently inftrucrive. 
 
 o 
 
 K THE 
 
[ '3i ] 
 THE 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 MEMOIRS of tk Author's Life, newly written 
 for this Edition. 
 
 A 
 
 UTHOR's Dedication Page I 
 
 An Account of Signor Giacomo Favi 7 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Of fculpture, how derived and diftinguifhed ; with the ftyles 
 
 and inftruments belonging to it 15 
 
 Sculptura and caslatura how they differ ib 
 
 Tomice, defeftores, what ' 16 
 
 Plaftice 16. The mother of fculpture 31 
 
 Paradigmatice, what 16, 20 
 
 Gypfochi, Colaptice, Lithoxoi, Glyphice, what 16 
 
 Agogice, what 16, 20 
 
 Anaglyphice 16. Its antiquity 3Z 
 
 Diaglyphice, encolaptice, what 16, 17 
 
 Toreutice 1 6 
 Encauftic art 16. How it occafioned the invention of brafs 
 
 prints 44 
 
 Proplaftic art, protypus, modulus, diatretice, and calices dia- 
 
 treti, what 16 
 
 Argentum afperum & puflulatum ib 
 
 Ebur pingue ij6 
 Dimidiae eminentiae, the fame with baffo relievo and mezzo 
 
 relievo 17 
 
 Scalptus, fcaptus, fcalpturatus ib 
 
 Scalpo, Sculpo, derived ib 
 
 Caelum, tcdvo?, what and whence derived 18 
 
 Tori, xo?Ao5 ib 
 
 Ulyifes's fhield ; ancaefavafa what 18, 19 
 
 K 2 Cavator&s 
 
132 The C O N T E N T S. 
 
 Cavatores, what ; graphatores, whence our Englifh gravers : 
 fculpture defined Page 19 
 
 Inftruments of graving. Style, what. Why fometimes made of 
 bone. Scalprum. Ccelurn. Cceles, cceltes. Allufions in 
 Job x. to all the kinds of ancient writing and graving 20,21 
 
 Graphium, yhvps^ &c. iyv-oKoiTT iT.^ V7ra.yooysvi yXapis 
 gjjjX'C) 20, 21 
 
 Puntion, poliiher, point 20, 21, 30 
 
 Graving inlbruments fometimes fatal weapons 2 1 
 
 Caifianus martyred, and Eiixion flain with a graving ftyle ib 
 Arare campum cereum, cerei pugillares, and ftylum vertere, 
 wh at ib 
 
 Taille douce, burin, intaglia, bolino, and the difference be- 
 twixt graving and etching 21,22 
 
 fivTtojXy a conjecture of the modern name of a feal; y^ucuojco 
 the fame with Charath 22. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of the original of fculpture in general 23 
 
 Adam the nrft inventor of fculpture ib 
 
 Books written by Adam 23 24 
 
 The fall of Adam did not impair his infufed habits ib 
 
 Sculpture long before the univerfal flood ib 
 
 Of the Antediluvian Patriarchs ib 
 
 Sculpture in ftone and brick at Joppa ib 
 
 The celeftial fciences firil engraven, where, and how long con- 
 tinuing , ib 
 The books of Seth and Enoch ib 
 Of Cham 25 
 Zoroafter, when he fiourifhed, his learning, curiofity, and en- 
 graving of the liberal arts ib 
 Picus Mirandula's pretence of the books of Zoroafter, the 
 Magi, &c. ib 
 Sculpture after the Flood 26 
 Sculpture propagated by Xoah. Sculpture before Mofes ib 
 Objections aniwered 26, 30 
 Mercuisus Trifmegiftus engraved in ftone many myfterious 
 things 26 
 Obeliiks erected by Mifra 400 years before Mofes ib 
 How many tranfported to Rome 28 
 
 The. 
 
The CONTENTS. 
 
 !33 
 
 The tables of fione engraven by the finger of GOD. Sculp- 
 ture honoured by GOD P a ge 26 
 Sculpture abufed to idolatry no rational prej . 26, 27 
 Sculpture elder than idoi ib 
 Teraphim and Penates, what ib 
 Sculpture preferved the memor} 1 of the dead ib 
 Bezaleel and Aholiab fculptors ib 
 The facerdotal pectoral ib 
 Graving ufed by the ^Egyptians before they invented Letters ib 
 Hieroglyphics, what ib 
 By whom interpreted 28 
 Amongft the Danes and Az adise 24, 42 
 Horapollinis notas 28 
 fetters by whom invented, and the conteft about it ib 
 How thr be ieveral Nations ib 
 Typographical art miflaken by Peter Calaber ib 
 Sculpture and letters cosevous 29 
 Columns erecled -by Beth ib 
 Writing with ink in paper or parchment, a novelty in reipeil of 
 the more ancient materials, marbles, Hates, bark, leaves, 
 tablets of wood, paper, linen, wax, ivory and Elk ib 
 Book, our Engliih name for liber, whence derived ib 
 Law?, divine and human, how coniigned of old ib 
 Hieronicse, . :. v r.ere preferved 30 
 Writings before Homer's not known to the Greeks ib 
 Tatian when he flourifhed ib 
 A paflage cited out of him ;:. 3ving the antiquity of recording 
 by fculpture ib 
 Hefiod's poems engraven in lead 3 1 
 Grecian?, when they had fculpture frit, and where it was in its 
 highefi perfection - ib 
 Achilles and Hercules' fhields engraven ib 
 The chariot of the fun and vehicula caelata ib 
 Enoch"; prophecy 32 
 Ring; engrave::, their ufe and dignity ib 
 Intaglias in iron, gold, Hones, <5:c. ib 
 Taliimans and cor.ilellated fculptures ib 
 
 C H A P. III. 
 Of the repu:;::::: ir.i •; :~~z~; of fculpture amongft the Greeks 
 and Romans, down to the middle ages ,• with feme preten- 
 tions to the invention of copper cuts, and their impreffions 3 3 
 
 L Scul; 
 
234 The CONTENTS. 
 
 Sculpture where and when in its afcendent -Page 33, 37 
 
 Statues to what head reducible. 33 
 
 Sculptores marmoris, metal, in gypfum, Sec. ib 
 
 Signa at Rhodes, Athens, and other places, in what prodigious 
 
 numbers 34 
 
 Statues almofl as many as men ib 
 
 The conteil betwixt art and nature in point of fertility ib 
 
 Statues improveable to a politic as well as expenceful magni- 
 
 ficency ib 
 
 3rn<j ; Zi0ty cuartx. ib 
 
 Pyrgoteles only permitted to engrave the effigies of Alexander 
 
 the great ib 
 
 The pictures of queen Elizabeth and other princes, how 
 
 profaned and abufed 34, 35 
 
 Auguftus would have his figure cut only by-Diofcorides, and 
 
 why 35 
 
 Sculpture in what materials moll: eminent ib 
 
 Dipoenus, Prometheus, Ideocus, Eucirapus, Lyfiftratus, De- 
 
 mophilus, Dsdalus, Leochares, Poiicarmus, Myrmecides, 
 
 all famous iculptors ib 
 
 Figulinavafa csslata, why broken by Cotys 36 
 
 Hydrise engraven, and bread ib 
 
 Gold feldom engraven, and why ib 
 
 Mentor his curious works ib 
 
 Acragus his works ib 
 
 Boethus's mailer pieces ib 
 
 The works of Calamis, Antipater, Stratonicus, Taurifeus, 
 
 Arifteus, Eunicus, Hecates, Praxiteles, Pofidonius, Ledus, 
 
 Zopirus, Pytheus 37 
 
 Medaliits, who moll excellent, and in what emperor's times 
 
 the bell were cut. When they degenerated 37, 62 
 
 Sculpture, when it degenerated in Greece and Rome 37 
 
 And whence its decay proceeded ill 
 
 Sculpture, when it arrived at Rome ib 
 
 Sculpture and writing, when firfl among the Danes and Nor- 
 
 vegia&s 38 
 
 Runic characters ib 
 
 Grsf-fcx, what ib 
 
 Vice and avarice > the occafion why fculpture degenerated, and 
 
 is not fince arrived to the perfection of the ancients 39 
 
 By what means it may recover 40 
 
 Alexander 
 
The C O N T E N T S. 135 
 
 Alexander Magnus, Auguftus, Francis I. Cofmo di Medicis, 
 and Charles V celebrated for their arFeftion to arts Pag* 40 
 Time and ieifure required to bring a work to perfection 41 
 Sculpture and chalcography ancient in China, on what ma- 
 terials, and how wrought ib 
 Letters in Europe firit. cut in wood ib 
 The ink-maker for the prefs dignified amongfl the Chinefe 
 with a liberal falary and privileges, and not accounted a 
 mechanic 42 
 Sculpture found in Mexico, and other parts of America ib 
 Typography not found out by the Greeks and Romans, to be 
 much wondered at, and why * ib 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 Of the invention and progrefs of chalcography in particular; 
 together with an ample enumeration of the moil: renowned 
 mailers and their works 43 
 
 Engraving on plates of brafs for prints when firit appearing ib 
 Typography when firit produced in Europe ib 
 
 Prints in the infancy of this art ib 
 
 The devil a monochrom • ib 
 
 M. 3- M. C. what they import . ib 
 
 What fculptors added the year of our Lord to their works ib 
 Who were the firft gravers of prints 44 
 
 The Italian gravers and their works ib 
 
 Mafo Finiguerra the firft print-graver in Italy ib 
 
 Enameling gave the firft hint for the engraving of prints ib 
 The graving of prints, from how mean a commencement it ar- 
 rived to this perfection ib 
 Baccio Baldini, his works and countersign ib 
 Albert Durer, when he flouriihed, his incomparable works, 
 conteft with Lucas and Mark Antonio, and how prec'ous his 
 works 45, 46. 4-, 64, 81 
 Lucas Van Leyden, his works, emulation of Durer 46, 47, 64 
 Mark Antonio, when he fiourifhed, his works, conteftation 
 with Albert, &c. 46, 47, 4S, 49, 50 
 For what vile prints reproved 5 1 
 Raphael Urbin, how he honoured the gravines of M.Antonio 
 
 47, 48 
 
 Martine of Antwerp his works, how efteemed by Michael An- 
 
 gelo _ 44 
 
 R. S. what it Signifies 48 
 
 L 2 Marco 
 
136 The CONTENTS. 
 
 Marco cSi Ravenna, his works Page 49 
 
 A.V.I, what it imports ib 
 
 Giovanni Battifca Mantuano, his works 5 1 
 
 I B. M. whofe name it fignifies ib 
 
 Sebaftiano da Reggio's works ib 
 
 Giorgio Mantuano's works ib 
 
 Etching in aqua fortis when firft produced o, 52 
 
 Damafcus fy meters ijz 
 
 Ugo da Carpi, his new manner of cutting for divers colours, 
 
 and his works . ib 
 
 The works of BaldafTare Peruzzi, Francifco Parmegiano, Bec- 
 
 cafumi, Baptifta Vincentino, Del Moro, Girolomo Cocu 
 
 5 2 > 53 
 Giacomo del Cavaglio, his works both in copper and ftones $$ 
 
 Enea Vico d-e Parma, his medals and other gravings ib 
 
 The works of Lamberto 5-uave, Gio Battifta de Cavaglieri 54 
 
 The works of Antonio Lanferri, Tomafo Barlacchi, Antonio 
 
 Labbaco, Titian, Giulio Buonafoni, Baptifta Franco, Re- 
 
 nato, Luca Penni, Franceico iv arcolini 54, 55 
 
 The works of Gabriel Giolito, Chriftophoro Coriolano, Antonio 
 
 Salamanca, Andrea Mantegna, Propertia de Roffi 55, 56 
 Martin Ruota, Jacomo Palma, Auguftino and Annibal arra- 
 
 che ■ 55, 56, 57 
 
 The works of Francifco Villamena 58 
 
 Giovanni Magi, Leonardo Ifabella and Bernardino Parafol 
 
 5 8 > 59 
 
 Cutting and engraving in wood how difficult and different from 
 
 chalcography 59 
 
 The works of Antonio Tempefta, Cherubino Alberti, Horatio 
 
 Borgiani, Raphael Guido, Giovanni Baptifta deila Marca, 
 
 Camillo Graffico, Cavalier Salimbene, Anna Vaiana 59, 60 
 
 Stephano della Bella 61 
 
 Medal gravers and gravers in metal and precious ftones, &c. 
 
 62, 63 
 
 The Diamond by whom firft engraven 63 
 
 Medals, the knowlege of them how noble and profitable, and 
 
 by what means to attain it effectually, gentlemen of note 
 
 (kilful medaiifts ib 
 
 The German and Flemifh chalcographers, and their works ; 
 
 viz. Alde^rave and his cypher, Hans Sibald Berne and his 
 
 mark, Jerome v ock, Frans Floris, Cornelius Cort, The 
 
 Sadelers, Plerman Muller, Sim. Frifius, Matthew Miriam, 
 
 Hans 
 
The CONTENTS. 137 
 
 Hans Holbein, Juftus Ammannus, Holtzhufen, Hans Brof- 
 fehaemer, Virgilius Solis whole eyes were put out for his 
 lewd gravings, Henry Goltzius, George Nouvolilell, Mat- 
 thew and Frederic Greiuer, Saenredamus, Cornelius Galle, 
 Count Goudt, Swanevclt, Pandern, Bronchorft, Matham, 
 Paul Brill, Nielant, Boetius, Londerfelius, Van Velde, 
 Nicholas de Bruyn, ^Egidms Coninxlogenlis, Stradanus, 
 Mallery, Bolfwert, Paulus Pontius., Suannebourg, Neffe, 
 Vofterman, Vorft, Chriftopher Jegher, Van Vorft, Sir An- 
 thony Van Dyke, Sir Peter Paul Rubens, Peter de Jode, 
 Colaert in fteel, Suyderhoef, Jo. Baur, Vander Thulden, 
 Abraham and Cornelius Blomaert, Natalis, Ferdinand, 
 Verden, Urieffe, Winegard, William Hondius, Van KefTel, 
 Clovet, Caukern, Lucas Kilianus, Cornelius Vifcher, Ve- 
 villemont, Nolp, Lombart, Hertoc, • Rembrandt, Wencef- 
 laus Hollar, Hevelius, Anna Maria a Schurman, Breughel, 
 (Made, Corn Clock, Queborn, Cuftos, Le Delfe, Dors, 
 Falck, Gerard, Bens, Moeftuer, Grebber, Geldorp, Hop- 
 fer, Gerard, Bens, Chein, Ach. d' Egmont, De Vinghe, 
 Heins, Ditmer, Cronis, Lindoven, Mirevel, Kager, Coc- 
 cien, Maubeaie, Venius, Firens, Pierets, Quelinus, Sta- 
 chade, Schut, Soutman, Vanulch, Broon, Valdet, Bifcop, 
 Druefken, Pieter Van Aelft, Swart Jan Van Groenighen, 
 Lucas Cranach, Joos Ammannus, Hubert G«ltzius, &c. 
 
 Page 63 ad 82 
 
 The French chalcograpers and their works ; Petit Bernard, 
 Nicholas Beatricius, Philippus Thomafinus, Crifpinus Mag- 
 dalen and Simon de Pas, Claudius & elan, Mauperch, La 
 Pautre, Morin, N. Chaperon, Francis Perrier, Audran, 
 Couvay, Perelle, Chauveau, Poilly, Heince, Begnon, Hu- 
 ret, Bernard^ Rognefibn, Rouifelet, Bellange, Richet, 
 L'Alman, Quefnel, Soulet, Bunel, Boucher, Briot. Bou- 
 lange, Bois, Champagne, Charpigion, Corneille, Caron, 
 Claude de Lorain, Audran, Moutier, Rabel, Denifot, 
 L'Aune, De la Rame, Hayes, Herbin, David de Bie, Vil- 
 lemont, Marot, Toutin, Grand homme, Cereau, Trochel, 
 Langot du Loir, L'Enfant, Gaukier, D'Origni, Prevoft, 
 De Son, Perei, Nacret, Perret, Daret, Scalberge, Vibert, 
 Ragot, Boiilart, Terelin, De Leu, Mauperche, L'Afne, 
 Huret, La Hyre, Goyrand, Golignon, Cochin, Ifrael Syl- 
 vefter, Robert Nanteuil, Jaques Callot, andBoffe 82 ad 90 
 
 Chart -gravers, Cordier, Riviers, Peroni and Gombouft, 90,91 
 
 The 
 
•138 The CONTENTS. 
 
 The French calligraphers Page 86 
 
 The Englifh chalcographers and their works ; Payne, ecil, 
 
 Wright, Faithorne, Barlow, Gaywood, Lightfoot, Glover, 
 
 J. Fellian, and Switzer 91, 92 
 
 Medal-gravers, and for intaglias, Symonds, Rawlins, Reftrick, 
 
 Johnfon gz 
 
 Calligraphers, Cokcr, Gery, Gething, Billingly, &c. ib 
 
 An invitation to the Englifh Chalcogniphers to publifii his Ma- 
 
 jefly's collection, the benefit and honour of it 92, 93 
 
 The landfchapes, views, palaces, of England, Levantine parts, 
 
 Indies, &c. together with the cities, illes, trees, plants, 
 
 flowers and animals, to be cut in copper and reformed, were 
 
 a moil acceptable and ufeful work 93 
 
 Painters encouraged to fet their hands to the graver 94 
 
 The ufe of this collection ib 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 Of drawing and defign, previous to the art of chalcography ; 
 
 and of the ufe of pidlures in order to the education of chil- 
 dren 95 
 Meafure and proportion have influence on all our aftions ib 
 A faying of Thomas earl of Arundel and Surry ib 
 Drawing of what confequence to the art of graving ib 
 Defign the bafis of fculpture, and of many other free and noble 
 
 fciences ib 
 
 Original Drawings eftcemed, and for what 96 
 
 Antiquity of what.eiFe6l ib 
 
 Defign and Drawing defined and diftinguilhed, its antiquity 
 
 and invention 97, 98 
 
 Accident and chance fruitful mothers 98 
 
 Drawing with crayon, pen, &c. the method, and how to be 
 
 performed with fuccefs ib 
 
 Hatching, what and how attained by imitating good mafters, 
 
 and by what method 99, 100 
 
 Overmuch exaclnefs and finifning, a faulf in drawing, and 
 
 why. Polycletus's canon ib 
 
 Accurate defigns with the pen not efteemed, and why. Who 
 
 excelled in them to admiration 1 00, 1 o 1 
 
 Vander Doufe, Francis and John Cleyne, Francis Carter, &c, 
 
 celebrated 101, 102 
 
 Colours, t the production of a middle colour wrought on two 
 
 extreams 102 
 
 Rubens's 
 
The CONTENTS. 139 
 
 Rubens's and Van Dyke's firft ftudies in Italy Page 102 
 
 Drawing, how neceflary 103 . 
 
 Academies erecleu for the virtuofi, by whom ib 
 
 For what purpofe and how furnifhed 105, 106 
 
 Greeks and Romans, how they cherifhed and enobled men of 
 
 art 103 
 
 Sculptors and painters chief of the court and retinue to the 
 
 emperor of Japan 103, 104 
 
 Courts of great princes how formerly compofed 104 
 
 How the ancient and moft renowned fculptors were fome 
 
 encouraged and ochers obfcured 105 
 
 Painters fhouid fometimes draw with the pen 106 
 
 What painters made uie of prints ib 
 
 And caufed their works to be publifhed ib 
 
 How to exprefs the fenfation of the relievo or exftancy of 
 
 objects by the hatches in graving 1 07 
 
 What fhadows are moft graceful 1 1 1 
 
 And what artifts work beft to imitate ib 
 
 Of counter-hatches 112 
 
 One colour, the ufe and effect of it ib 
 
 Zeuxis ufed but one colour ib 
 
 What other painters were monochromifts, and who introduced 
 
 the reft of the colours i» 
 
 Lights and fhades, their ftupendous effecl: ib 
 
 Coloree what it means ib 
 
 The invention of Chevalier Woolfon to blazon bearing in 
 
 coat-armour by hatches without letters 1 1 3 
 
 Tonus, what it imports in graving ib 
 
 Of copying after defigns and painting ib 
 
 What prints are to be called excellent ib 
 
 How to detedt the copy of a print from an original print 1 1 4 
 Aqua fortis, for what gravings moft proper ib 
 
 His highnefs prince Rupert celebrated, and the gravings by him 
 
 publifhed 1 1 5 
 
 The French king an engraver ib 
 
 Earl of Sandwich dextrous at graving ib 
 
 What emperors, philosophers, poets, and ether of the noble 
 
 Greeks and Romans excelled in painting and graving 
 
 115, 116, 117, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125 
 
 Never any of the antients excelled in thefe arts, but what 
 
 were gentlemen 1 1 6 
 
 A Have might not be taught to grave or paint, and why 1 x 7 
 
 Graving 
 
i'40 The CONTENTS. 
 
 Graving accounted one of the liberal arts by Pliny and 
 Galen Page i)6 
 
 Children inftrudted in the graphical arts ib 
 
 Martia the daughter of Varro, the princefs Louife, and 
 Anna a Scnurman, celebrated ' ib 
 
 Great fcholars of late fkillful in the art of graving, &c. 117 
 How far the art of drawing conduces to the iciences mathe- 
 matical ib 
 Dr. Chr. Wren, Rlagrave, Hevelius, &c. celebrated ib 
 An orator ought to be fkilled in thefe arts, and why ib 
 The Abbot deMaroles, his Angular affection to, and prodigious 
 collections of prints 118, 119 
 Of what great ufe and benefit the art of graving may be to the 
 education of children fuperior to all other inventions, and 
 how 120, 121, 122, 123 
 Prints more eftimable than painting, and why 1 20 
 What gentlemen of quality are the greateft collectors of prints 
 in France ib 
 At how high rates the prints of the moft famous mailers are 
 now fold ib 
 Collections of prints recommended to princes and great perfons, 
 and why ib 
 An hieroglyphical grammar 1 2 1 
 By whom draughts and prints are celebrated for the inftitution 
 of youth ib 
 La Martela taught all the fciences by cuts alone ib 
 Commenius his orbis fenfualium pidus celebrated 122 
 Theuniverfal language how to be moft probably accomplished ib 
 Paffions expreffible by the art of Defign 1 24 
 An ufeful caution for the lovers of thefe arts 125, 126 
 
 C HAP VL 
 
 Of the new way of engraving, or mezzotinto, invented and 
 communicated by his highnefs prince Rupert, &c. 127 
 
 An advantageous commutation for omitting the defcription of 
 the mechanical part of the vulgar graving ib 
 
 A paradoxical graving without burin, point, or aqua fortis ib 
 
 The new mezzotinto invented by his highnefs prince Rupert 
 enigmatically defcribed, and why 129 
 
 FINIS,