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A | 
 DICTIONARY 
 
 THE NON-ENGLISH WORDS 
 
 OF 
 
 THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN 
 DIALECT 
 
 _—_—_—— 
 
 With an Appendix 
 
 
 
 By 
 
 MARCUS BACHMAN LAMBERT, A.M. 
 
 Member of the Pennsylvania-German Society 
 

 
 COPYRIGHTED 1924 
 BY THE 
 Pennsylvania-<German Society. 
 
 
 
 LANCASTER PRESS, INC. 
 LANCASTER, PA, 
 
En 
 A-Denke 
 att 
 met” Batter un met Mutter 
 Michael Lambert Matilia Lambert 
 
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PREFACE 
 
 The The Pennsylvania-German dialect is a unique lin- 
 Pennsylvania- oyistic phenomenon in the United States. The terri- 
 German Area’ tory over which it is spoken has been for nearly two 
 
 centuries, and is today to a large extent, a language island. On an 
 atlas of the State of Pennsylvania, beginning at the Delaware Water 
 Gap, draw a line in a northwesterly direction to the foot of the Pocono 
 Mountains, thence in a southwesterly direction along the base of these 
 mountains to Mauch Chunk, thence along the northern slope of the 
 Mahoning Valley to Pottsville, thence in a northwesterly direction to 
 Shamokin, thence in a northerly direction to the North Branch of the 
 Susquehanna River, thence along the North Branch of the Susque- 
 hanna to its confluence with the West Branch at Sunbury, thence in a 
 northerly direction along the West Branch of the Susquehanna River 
 to the northern boundary line of Union County, thence in a westerly 
 direction to Bellefonte, thence in a southwesterly direction to Altoona, 
 thence to the Youghigheny River, thence in a southerly direction 
 through the Youghigheny Valley to Mason and Dixon’s Line, thence 
 eastwardly along this line to the Lancaster-Chester county line, thence 
 in a northeasterly direction along this county line to the Schuylkill 
 River, thence southeastwardly along this river to Norristown, thence 
 in a wide curve to the northeast, leaving Doylestown a few miles to 
 the south, to the Delaware River at New Hope, thence in a northerly 
 direction along this river to the point of beginning. A line thus drawn 
 will enclose roughly the area within the state which was originally 
 settled largely by German and Swiss immigrants and since then has 
 been occupied by their descendants. It includes all of the counties of 
 Northampton, Lehigh, Berks, Lebanon, Lancaster, Dauphin, Union, 
 Snyder, Juniata, Perry, Huntingdon, Bedford, Somerset, Fulton, 
 Franklin, Cumberland, Mifflin, Adams and York, and part of the 
 counties of Monroe, Carbon, Bucks, Montgomery, Schuylkill, North- 
 umberland, Center, Blair, Cambria, Westmoreland and Fayette. This 
 area is almost exactly one-third of the total land area of the state. 
 There are also sections of the state outside of this area which are occu- 
 pied mostly by these people, like the Butler Valley in Luzerne County. 
 The settlers were, of course, not confined by the artificially drawn state 
 line between Pennsylvania and Maryland, but spread across the line 
 Vv 
 
v1 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 into Maryland, especially into the counties of Baltimore, Carroll, 
 Frederick, Washington, Allegany and Garrett adjoining the counties 
 ot York, Adams, Franklin, Fulton, Bedford and Somerset on the Penn- 
 sylvania side, and into the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia. 
 
 Including the greater part of these counties of Maryland there is 
 an unbroken area of about 17,500 square miles, or considerably more 
 than twice the area of the State of Massachusetts, over which the 
 dialect is spoken. In the rural sections it is the prevailing speech 
 today, in the villages of Lehigh, Berks, Lebanon, Lancaster and several 
 of the counties west of the Susquehanna most of the business is still 
 transacted in the dialect, and it is constantly heard on the streets and 
 in business in the cities of Allentown and Reading. I have heard 
 testimony given in the Lehigh County court within the last few years 
 in Pennsylvania-German, when the only reason for having it interpreted 
 into English was the necessity of entering the testimony on the court 
 record in English, as the judge, the lawyers and all the jurymen under- 
 stood it perfectly without a translation. It is estimated that in the 
 counties of Lehigh, Berks and Lebanon, the heart of the Pennsylvania- 
 German section, between sixty and sixty-five per cent of the inhabitants 
 can speak it today, and between thirty and thirty-five per cent of them 
 constantly use it. When one bears in mind the large English, Scotch- 
 Irish and Welsh element which settled in the section as early as the 
 Germans and the great influx from every nation of southern and south- 
 eastern Europe during the industrial development of the last twenty- 
 five years, this is remarkable. The two most remarkable facts about 
 the dialect are (I) its persistence and (2) its homogeneity. Nowhere 
 in Germany or Switzerland is there an area of such an extent over 
 which so homogeneous a dialect is spoken. In fact, the Pennsylvania- 
 German area is larger than the whole of Switzerland, in which dialects 
 of three different languages are spoken. | 
 
 As a result of two visits which William Penn made to 
 Early Germany, the first in 1671 and the second in 1677, two 
 German and Swiss}.4q companies were formed in Germany, the Crefeld 
 Settlements in Pp y; 
 Pennsylvania Purchasers and the Frankfort Land Company. On 
 August 20, 1683, Franz Daniel Pastorius, accompanied 
 by ten persons, arrived at Philadelphia as the agent of the Frankfort 
 Land Company. Their object was to look the ground over tor subse- 
 quent settlers. The first actual German colonists, numbering thirty- 
 three persons, arrived at Philadelphia on October 6, 1683, by the ship 
 “Concord,’”’ the Pennsylvania-German ‘‘ Mayflower.” This group 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary vil 
 
 under the leadership of Pastorius immediately began the settlement 
 of Germantown, which was separated from the English settlement at 
 Philadelphia by six miles of dense forest pierced only by a bridle path. 
 Of the Crefeld Purchasers at least three came to Pennsylvania prior 
 to 1692, probably accompanied by others. The only other accession 
 to these in the last years of the century was a band of forty mystics 
 under Johann Kelpius who settled on the Wissahickon in 1694. 
 
 On October 23, 1710, a patent for 10,000 acres of land on the Pequea 
 Creek, later a part of Lancaster County, was granted to two agents for 
 the Swiss Mennonites, and the settlement of this section was begun 
 soon after by these people. This colony received large accessions both 
 of Swiss and of Germans, especially in the year 1717. A German Re- 
 formed Society was formed in Goshenhoppen in 1717. In 1719 about 
 twenty families of Schwarzenau Baptists came to Philadelphia, Ger- 
 mantown, Skippack and Conestoga. In 1723 thirty-three families of 
 Palatines, who had previously settled at Saugerties in New York and 
 subsequently in the valleys of the Schoharie and the Mohawk, made 
 their way from the latter section through the trackless wilderness to 
 the headwaters of the Susquehanna and thence floated down that 
 river till they arrived at the mouth of the Swatara Creek, up which 
 they proceeded to the section known as Tulpehocken, where they set- 
 tled. In 1734 a considerable number of Schwenckfelders settled in 
 Hereford Township, Berks County, and on nearby lands in Montgomery 
 and Lehigh counties. The Moravians founded Bethlehem, in North- 
 ampton County, in I74I. 
 
 There are no official records extant of the number of immigrants 
 who entered at the port of Philadelphia prior to the year 1727, and the 
 best that can be done is to estimate it. While the number of Germans 
 and Swiss was not more than 20,000, this number was comparatively 
 so large that it excited serious alarm, and on October 14, 1727, the 
 Provincial Council adopted a resolution to the effect that a list of all 
 “‘Germans and other foreigners’’ entering at this port must be sub- 
 mitted by ship-masters, and that said foreigners must sign a declara- 
 tion of allegiance and subjection to the king of Great Britain. These 
 lists are given by Rupp in his Thirty Thousand Names. As the numbers 
 increased, migration began across the Susquehanna, where the Germans 
 almost everywhere supplanted the Scotch-Irish who had preceded 
 them. ‘As to the whole number of Germans in Pennsylvania in 1775,” 
 says Professor Kuhns, “‘many and divergent estimates have been given; 
 nearly all agree, however, in reckoning the proportion as about one- 
 
Vili The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 third of the population, a proportion which seems to have kept itself 
 unchanged down to the present day. If I were asked to give my esti- 
 mate in regard to a matter concerning which authoritative data are 
 wanting, I should reply, somewhat hesitatingly, as follows: Before 
 1727 let us assume the numbers to be 20,000, a liberal estimate; add 
 to this the figures 68,872, [the number given by the official lists from 
 1727 to 1775] making a total of 88,872; this added to the score or so of 
 thousands due to the natural increase of the two generations since the 
 earliest settlements would bring up the grand total to about 110,000.”’ 
 For detailed accounts of the causes leading to this mass migration from 
 Germany and Switzerland and of the founding of the colonies in Penn- 
 sylvania read Seidensticker: Bzlder aus der deutsch-pennsylvamischen 
 Geschichte, Pennypacker: The Settlement of Germantown, Pennsylvama, 
 and the Beginning of German Emigration to North America, Kuhns: 
 The German and Swiss Settlements of Colonial Pennsylvania, Diften- 
 derffer: The German Immigration into Pennsylvania through the Port of 
 Philadelphia, 1700-1775, Bittinger: The Germans tn Colonial Times, 
 Faust: The German Element in the United States. For an account of 
 early Pennsylvania-German settlements in Maryland consult Nead: 
 The Pennsylvania-German in the Settlement of Maryland in Volume 
 XXII Proceedings of the Pennsylvania-German Society. 
 
 These German-speaking immigrants who settled in the 
 State of Pennsylvania came almost exclusively from 
 southwestern Germany (the Palatinate, Baden, Alsace, Wurttemberg, 
 Hesse), Saxony, Silesia and Switzerland. A majority of them came 
 from the Palatinate. Next in number were the Swiss. It is natural 
 to suppose then, that the Germanic element in the dialect would be 
 strongly pf@lzisch and schweizerisch. This is the case. The Pennsyl- 
 vania-German dialect resembles the Westricher dialect of the Palati- 
 nate more than any other. The Swiss admixture is only slightly notice- 
 able in the eastern part of the section, but is very evident in the Lan- 
 caster-York district where the Swiss predominated in the early settle- 
 ments. The constant intermingling of those speaking different dialects 
 has had a smoothing-out and leveling effect, so that the Pennsylvania- 
 German dialect is quite homogeneous. This homogeneity was further 
 effected by the reading of German newspapers and books, especially 
 of the Bible and books of devotion, and by hearing German sermons. 
 This is not the place to make a comparative study of the influence of 
 the various dialects in the formation of the composite Pennsylvania- 
 German dialect. I am merely making a record of the words. 
 
 The Dialect 
 
Pennsyloania-German Dictionary ix 
 
 While Professor Haldeman and Professor Learned have gone into 
 considerable detail in their treatment of the influence of English on the 
 German in the formation of the dialect, the really searching treatise 
 on the subject still remains to be written. The best exposition in a 
 paragraph of the latent possibilities here is contained in an introductory 
 note by A. J. Ellis to Professor S. S. Haldeman’s Pennsylvania Dutch: 
 A Dialect of South German with an Infusion of English: ‘While I was 
 engaged with the third part of my Early Enghsh Pronunciation, Prof. 
 Haldeman sent me a reprint of some humorous letters by Rauch, 
 entitled Pennsylvanish Deitsch. De Campain Breefa fum Pit Schweffle- 
 brenner un de Bevvy, st ality, gepublished olly woch in “‘ Father Abraham.”’ 
 Perceiving at once the analogy between this debased German with 
 English intermixture, and Chaucer’s debased Anglo-Saxon with Norman 
 intermixture, I requested and obtained such further information as 
 enabled me to give an account of this singular modern reproduction | 
 of the manner in which our English language itself was built up, and 
 insert it in the introduction to my chapter on Chaucer’s pronunciation, 
 Early English Pronunciation, pp. 652-663. . . . Sufficient importance 
 does not seem to have been hitherto attached to watching the growth 
 and change of living languages. We have devoted our philological 
 energies to the study of dead tongues which we could not pronounce, 
 and have therefore been compelled to compare by letters rather than 
 by sounds, and which we know only in the form impressed upon them 
 by scholars of various times.” | 
 
 I wish to add, however, that Mr. Ellis’s characterization of the Ger- 
 man in Pennsylvania-German as “‘debased’’ German is likely to be 
 misunderstood. Pennsylvania-German as it is spoken today is largely 
 German as it was spoken by the peasants and artisans of southwestern 
 Germany and of Switzerland two centuries and more ago and is in no 
 sense debased, except as it has been influenced and changed by English. 
 Dialectic German is not debased German. Modern High German was 
 formed out of dialectic German. Many of the words in Pennsylvania- 
 German are centuries older than the corresponding form in High Ger- 
 man. If a Pennsylvania-German were to go to the Pfalz today and 
 speak only Pennsylvania-German in his intercourse with the natives, 
 except that he would insert a German word where the Pennsylvania- 
 German is accustomed to use an English or a hybridized English word, 
 he would find it difficult to persuade them that he had not been born 
 and reared in the Pfalz. This test has been made. The percentage of 
 English admixture varies from nil to twelve or fifteen per cent, depend- 
 
x 7 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 ing upon the writer or speaker and the subject. Rondthaler’s Abendlied 
 and Fisher’s Mei Biiwli are beautiful poems in the dialect without a 
 single English word. L. L. Grumbine’s Der alt Dengelschtock contains 
 only six-tenths of one per cent of English words, Harbaugh’s Heemweh 
 only one and two-tenths per cent. 
 
 eae No two persons have ever written the words of the 
 
 of Previous Pennsylvania-German dialect alike. Very few have been 
 
 Spellings Y 3 : Sh A 
 
 consistent with themselves in writing them. As it is 
 
 fundamentally a German dialect, it goes without saying that German 
 orthography should be made the basis of spelling it. But in doing this, 
 the writer encounters the necessity of inventing characters for three 
 vowel sounds of frequent occurrence in the dialect which do not occur 
 in German, or of using one character for four sounds. In general, those 
 who have been good German scholars have used German orthography 
 as the basis of their spelling. But there are exceptions to this, some 
 of them intentional and purposive. Thus, of the three dictionaries 
 heretofore in existence, all three use a spelling based on English sounds 
 and the characters used to represent them. Dr. A. R. Horne, the com- 
 piler of the oldest dictionary, appended to his Pennsylvania German 
 Manual (first edition in 1875), was a good German scholar. He states 
 his reasons for using English sounds and orthography as the basis of 
 his spelling in the preface to the second edition of his book (1895): 
 “The great problem presented for solution, is how shall six to eight 
 hundred thousand inhabitants of Eastern Pennsylvania, to say nothing 
 of those of other parts of our own State and of other states, to whom 
 English is as much a dead language as Latin or Greek, acquire a suffi- 
 cient knowledge of English to enable them to use that language intel- 
 ligently? . . . In the hope that this Manual may serve as a guide to 
 the study of English, and that it may facilitate the acquisition of the 
 language, a thorough knowledge of which is indispensable to every 
 Pennsylvanian, it is submitted to the public, for use in schools and 
 families.’ 
 
 Mr. E. H. Rauch, who was not a German scholar, says in the preface 
 to his Pennsylvania Dutch Hand Book (1879): ‘I then commenced the 
 work, and had gathered several thousand Pennsylvania Dutch words 
 and had arranged them alphabetically with translations. But then I 
 discovered my entire incompetency for such a work, by reason of a 
 lack of sufficient experience to make my spelling of words consistent 
 and uniform. I became discouraged, and for the time abandoned the 
 work. Since then I have had ample experience, and believe I have 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary xi 
 
 very much improved and simplified the spelling, which is strictly ac- 
 cording to English rules. The German rule would not be practical, 
 because from eighteen to twenty per cent of all the words commonly 
 used in Pennsylvania Dutch are either English or a compound of Eng- 
 lish and German, and also because all the youth of our State is taught 
 to read English, and comparatively few receive any sort of German 
 education.” 
 
 Mr. J. C. Lins, compiler of the third dictionary, states his reasons 
 for using the English spelling in the preface to the second edition of his 
 dictionary (1895): ‘‘It is not intended to instruct those who consider 
 their education completed, but to aid such Pennsylvania Germans as 
 are anxious to acquire a knowledge of the English language. I do not 
 claim this work to be a standard, because there is nothing of that kind 
 in the Pennsylvania German language, but after careful study of dif- 
 ferent writers, I feel confident that it compares favorably with any, 
 and is far superior to many.” 
 
 In each case the reason given for the use of English sounds and 
 spelling as the basis of orthography is practically the same. Let us 
 compare a few of the spellings in the order H, R, L with each other 
 and with the spelling of the present work: awa, ava, aiva, ewe; far- 
 dich, feertich, fartich, feerdich; farlusa, ferlussa, ferlussa, verlosse; fal, fail, 
 fail, fehl; farmara, fermara, fermaira, vermehre; kug’l, koogle, koogle, 
 kujjel; obshteiga, obshtiga, obshteiga, abschteije; obwarta, obwarda, 
 obworda, abwarte; dchtza, auchtzz, ochtzz, achtzeh; oksel, oxle, oxle, 
 achsel; rédsha, retcha, wretcha, retsche; yagar, yager, yaiger, jaejer. 
 
 The next important contribution to the lexicography of the dialect 
 is a list of over 5,000 words which was published in Volume 26 Pro- 
 ceedings of the American Philosophical Society (1888) by Dr. W. J. 
 Hoffman. It is largely a reproduction of the list in the first edition of 
 Dr. Horne’s work, but it also contains some new words. The spelling 
 is the most interesting part of the work. Dr. Hoffman was a proficient 
 linguist and knew German both as a written and a spoken language, 
 but in the spelling of his list he used the alphabet of the Bureau of 
 American Ethnology in recording Indian dialects. His is the only writ- 
 ing in the dialect in which this orthography has been used. Dr. Hoffman 
 was at the time an ethnologist connected with the Bureau, and this 
 fact doubtless accounts for his use of this orthography. After these 
 the only extensive published collections of words are glossaries appended 
 to texts. The longest of these is in Volume II of Daniel Miller’s Penn- 
 syluania German. Miiller’s spelling is based on the orthography of 
 
xi The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 High German; he used the umlaut, as have many others, where the 
 corresponding words in German have it, although the compound 
 vowel sounds represented by the umlauted vowels (a, 0, u) in German 
 do not exist in the dialect. He even used a for short English a in at. 
 
 Professor Learned adopted for use in his scholarly treatise, The 
 Pennsylvania German Dialect, an eclectic phonetic system with a number 
 of characters which are not used in either English or German. The 
 really difficult thing in devising a system of orthography for Pennsyl- 
 vania-German is to write (or place) the vowels so that their quantity 
 can be told at sight without the use of diacritical marks. To obviate 
 the use of these marks Professor Haldeman wrote a vowel twice to 
 indicate that it is long. ‘Tobias Witmer used the same device. It 
 produces such spellings as haas, graas, naas, gickerigii, iigel, hii’, doo, 
 soo, doot, duu, wuu, guut and, if a special character is adopted to in- 
 dicate the sound of a in English marry, eer, ezerd, beer, which are 
 offensive to one who knows German. Moreover, he seems to have 
 overlooked the fact that the sound of long German a occurs in a few 
 words in Pennsylvania-German and that, if aa is written to represent 
 this sound also, it is made to stand for two sounds, that of G a in Vater 
 (as in PG kar) and that of aw in E law (asin PG has). Mr. C. C. More, 
 the most versatile linguist who has ever written in the dialect and a 
 master of German, writes his manuscript in the dialect in a thoroughly 
 consistent spelling based on German. It happens that most of his stories 
 which have been printed appeared in a periodical whose editor had 
 ideas of his own about Pennsylvania-German spelling and, without 
 Mr. More’s consent, changed the spelling to conform to his own rules. 
 I have gone into this detail to show the anarchy that has reigned in this 
 field, although the pronunciation is fairly uniform throughout. But 
 there is nothing exceptional about this, as the same state of affairs 
 has obtained in the writing of every language until standards of spelling 
 
 were established. 
 QUANTITY OF VOWELS 
 
 Bieanises (1) A vowel is long when doubled (only e and o are 
 and regularly doubled): deel, seel, moond, ool. 
 Orthography 
 
 (2) A vowel is long when followed by h: geh, kuh, 
 ihm, ohr, uhr. 
 
 (3) A vowel is long when accented and final: blo, denno, du, schalu, 
 la. 
 
 Exceptions: de, di, e”, ja, me, ne’, re, se, ze and the exclamations da 
 and na. Except da, ja and na these exceptions are really unaccented 
 and come under (8). 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary Xill 
 
 (4) An accented vowel is long before a vowel or a single consonant: 
 zue, groe, hole, deje, dir, mol, dot, kor, hur, rut, gut. But it is short in 
 ab, am, an, as, ax, bin, bis, der (art), das, dem, den, des, eb, em, en, es, 
 far, fer, hen, in, ken, mer, net, ob (but also ob), sin, um, un, var, vum, 
 vun, was, wem, wen. Many of these exceptions are really unaccented 
 in a sentence. 
 
 (5) A few vowels are long before two or more consonants: zrbs, 
 zerd, w@rz, bluscht, busse, frscht, fuss, gerde, gzrschde, gross, herd, 
 huschde, kloschder, obscht, Oschdre, rusch(d)e, russ, serfe, vzrscht, 
 wert (= G wert). 
 
 (6) An accented vowel standing before a double consonant or two 
 or more consonants is usually short: balle, sotte, sinke, luschde, helse. 
 
 (7) Unaccented simple vowels are short (except o and u when final): 
 gutér, wammes, keenich, saddan. 
 
 (8) Unaccented final e andi are short: misse, alte, nimmi, hundli. 
 
 (9) In inflected words the vowel keeps the quantity of the stem: 
 gradesweks (from wek), lobscht and gelobt (from lowe), kuscht (from 
 huschde). 
 
 A great many words in PG retain the short vowel of old German 
 which has been displaced in modern German by a long vowel or a 
 diphthong: PG vatter, gawwel, gewwe, nemme, giwwel, hiwwel, 
 howwel, huddle for G Vater, Gabel, geben, nehmen, Giebel, Hubel, 
 Hobel, hudeln. Unless the rule of writing a vowel twice to show that 
 it is long is adopted, so that every vowel is short when it is written only 
 once, it becomes necessary to double the consonant in these cases to 
 show that the preceding vowel is short. Professor Haldeman called 
 this device “‘this absurd mode.”’ I do not consider his characteriza- 
 tion justified. Professor Curme says in his Grammar of the German 
 Language (p. 4), ‘“The doubling of consonants, which is so frequent in 
 Luther’s writings, is now limited to the one case that double consonants 
 are used to show shortness of vowel.’’ At any rate, the device is pre- 
 ferable to one which necessitates the doubling of i and u, which is 
 entirely foreign to German. 
 
 THE VOWELS 
 
 Each of the vowel sounds in Pennsylvania-German which, in con- 
 formity with German spelling, I have represented by the characters 
 e, i, o, u occurs both long and short. That is, the characters e, i, 0, u 
 represent either a long or a short sound. Whether the sound which 
 each represents in a given word is long or short depends upon its posi- 
 
XIV The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 tion in the word, and its quantity is determined by the rules of quantity 
 just given. There are seven variations of the a-sound. For the sound 
 of long Ga as in Vater (which occurs in only a few PG words, like ah, 
 schpektakel) I use the character a. The same character is used for 
 the same a-sound when short, as in G satt, Masse, which occurs very 
 frequently in PG. For the a-sound which takes the place in most PG 
 words of the long G a, that of aw in E law, I have adopted the character 
 a. For one of the other a-sounds, approximately that of a in E marry, 
 I have adopted the character ze. This sound occurs both long and short 
 in PG and only before r. More correctly, PG long e + r= ain E 
 marry lengthened + ¢r. For the remaining a-sound, that of a in E at, 
 I have adopted the character a. This sound occurs only short in PG 
 words, except in the onomatopes mah, bax, baxi. 
 
 Character Sound 
 
 a Long: like a in E father or a in G Vater. Occurs in PG 
 only in the words ah, gitar, ha (= ha), kar, la, nach (rare), 
 schpektakel. Elsewhere its place is taken in PG by 4, 
 as in PG has, dak, bade for G Hase, Tag, baden, or by long 
 o, as in PG broche, nooch, nome for G brachen (to fallow), 
 nach, Name. 
 
 Short: like ain E what or ain G satt. I do not consider 
 it necessary to use a separate character for this sound + r, 
 as the short a-sound merges into that of r. Takes the place 
 in PG (1) of short G a (PG glatt, ball, nascht, narr, G 
 glatt, bald, Ast, Narr); (2) of short G o (PG marje, sarje, 
 gschtarwe, G Morgen, Sorge, gestorben); (3) of long G o 
 (PG var, karjenner, Darredee, G vor, Koriander, Dorothea) ; 
 (4) of short G u (PG farricht, garjele, warscht, G Furche, 
 gurgeln, Wurst); (5) of short E o in words from the E (PG 
 aedapte, bax, verbatsche). 
 
 Long: like aw in E law or au in E author. This sound 
 is not in G and it takes the place in PG (1) of long Ga (PG 
 glas, fawle, nahring, G Glas, fabeln, Nahrung); (2) of G au 
 (PG ak, bawoll, lafe, G Auge, Baumwolle, laufen); (3) of 
 short G a (+r) (PG mfd, garde, warte, G Magd, Garten, 
 warten); (4) of several sounds in words from the E (PG 
 gwart, lamaessich, jard). 
 
 # Long: like a in E marry lengthened + ‘(r). Takes the 
 place in PG (1) of long G a before r (PG beer, G Bar); (2) of 
 
 > 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary XV 
 
 long Ge before r (PG versch(t), her, schwer, G Vers, her, 
 Schwer); (3) of short G e before r (PG feerschde, gzerschde, 
 G Ferse, Gerste); (4) of short G i before r (PG ferscht, 
 erde, G First, irden); (5) of E a before r as in E bar, car, 
 cigar, charge, smart (PG ber, keer, sigzr, tschzrtsche, 
 schmert); (6) of E e before r as in E serve, Jersey (PG 
 serfe, Tschertschi). 
 
 Short: like ain E marry. Takes the place in PG (1) of 
 short G a before r (PG erwet, derr, hermeniere, G Arbeit, 
 Darre, harmonieren); (2) of short G e before r (PG werre, 
 schperre, berrick, G werden, sperren, Berg); (3) of short 
 G i before r (PG wert, nerjets, kerrich, G Wirt, nirgends, 
 Kirche); (4) of short G o before r (PG merde, berscht, 
 G morden, Borste); (5) of long G a (PG merr, G Mahre); 
 (6) of short G a before r (PG nerrisch, derm, erjer, G 
 narrisch, Darme, Arger); (7) of short G 6 before r (PG 
 mzerscher, merder, herchle, G Morser, Morder, (dG) 
 horchle); (8) of the G diphthong ie before r (PG veerzeh, 
 verzich, G vierzehn, vierzig); (9) of short G wu before r 
 (PG ferrichde, gerdle, berscht, G futrchten, gurteln, 
 Burste); (10) of long G wu before r (PG ferrich, verri, G 
 fur + ig, MHG virhin); (11) of Eaas in the words hardly, 
 carpet, party (PG herli, kerpet, perti); (12) of the E a- 
 sound as in guardian, yard (PG gerdien, jerd); (13) of 
 E u as in turpentine and Durham, and of E 1 as in squirrel 
 (PG derbedien, Derm, kschweerl). 
 
 This vowel is also heard in an intermediate length: PG 
 gern, zernscht, werklich; but for the sake of simplicity I 
 have marked it either long or short. 
 
 Long: like a in E at lengthened. Occurs only in the 
 onomatopes mgh, bax, baxt. 
 
 Short: like ain E at. Occurs only (1) in English words 
 or words of English origin like PG ant, gamle, matsch from 
 E aunt, gamble, match; (2) in words of German origin 
 whose pronunciation has been strongly influenced by the 
 English as in PG nat, mam, gatt (from PG gert by drop- 
 ping the r, E gad). 
 
 Long: like a in E gate or e in G geht. Takes the place 
 in PG (1) of long Ge (PG leje, zedre, sehne, ehr, G legen, 
 Zeder, sehen, Ehre); (2) of long E a in baby, PG bewi. 
 
XV1 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 Short: like e in E let or e in G fett. Takes the place in 
 PG (1) of long Ge (PG gewwe, nemme, hewwel, G geben, 
 nehmen, Hebel); (2) of short G i in the modified second 
 and third person singular forms of the present indicative and 
 of the second person singular form of the imperative (PG 
 gebt, brecht, dreff, G gibt, bricht, triff); (3) of short G a 
 (PG ausschenne, benk, meschde, G ausschanden, Banke, | 
 masten); (4) of short G o (PG leffel, kenne, bellere, G. 
 Loffel, konnen, bollern); (5) of short a in E at (PG flett, 
 bendi, bender, E flat, bantam, panther); (6) I have used 
 the character for the flectional endings, although by some 
 individuals the ending is pronounced more like the last a in 
 E America: gute bohne, on alte lewe, di junge schterwe, 
 denne ihre sache. 
 
 Long: like iin E machine oriin Gihn. Takes the place 
 in PG of long Gi (PG igel, ihr, mir, G Igel, ihr, mir). 
 
 Short: like iin E pin oriin GSinn. Takes the place in 
 PG (1) of short Gi (PG bin, kinn, bitte, lischt, G bin, Kinn, 
 bitten, Liste); (2) of the G diphthong ie (PG siwwe, rijjel, 
 wiss, widder, G sieben, Riegel, Wiese, wieder; (3) of long G 
 u (PG iwwer bicher, grijjelche, G uber, Bucher, Krigel- 
 chen); (4) of short Gu (PG miller, grick, sin(d), G Miller, 
 Kricke, Sunde); (5) of G au (PG siffer, G Saufer); (6) 
 of G ei (PG grisch, G Kreisch); (7) of short E i, e, and y 
 (PG bisnis, Balli, lickerisch). 
 
 Long: like o in E note or o in G Bote. Takes the place 
 in PG (1) of long G o (PG not, rot, bohn, god, G Not, rot, 
 Bohne, Gote); (2) of long G a (PG mol, do, no (nooch), 
 noht, froje, wok, G Mal, da, nach, Naht, fragen, Wage); 
 (3) of G au (PG blo, gro, lo, G blau, grau, lau). Is doubled 
 in PG boot, soot, moond, nooch, ool, (G Boot, Saat, Mond, 
 nach, Aal). 
 
 Short: like u in E cup or o in G Kopf. Takes the place 
 in PG (1) of short G o (PG rock, noch, zoll, G Rock, noch, 
 Zoll); (2) of long G o (PG offe, vojjel, gezojje, bottschaft, 
 hochzich, G Ofen, Vogel, gezogen, Botschaft, Hochzeit); 
 (3) of E u and o as in the words humbug, conductor, love- 
 letter (PG hambock, kandokter, loffletter). 
 
 Long: like oo in E moon or uin Gtun. Takes the place 
 in PG (1) of long G u (PG blut, hut, ruhr, rufe, G Blut, Hut, 
 
ae 
 
 au 
 
 ee 
 
 Pennsylvania-German Dictionary XVil 
 
 Ruhr, rufen); (2) of long G o (PG wu, munet, buhn, G wo, 
 Monat, Bohne); (3) of long G a (PG sume, rune, G Samen, 
 (dG) rane); (4) of long E u as in E duty, use, cure (PG dutt, 
 juse, kjure); (5) of the sound of oo in E raccoon or of o in 
 E move (PG rackgun, mufe). 
 
 Short: like oo in E cook or uinGgucken. Takes the place 
 in PG (1) of short G u (PG dumm, schtunn, gfunne, G 
 dumm, Stunde, gefunden); (2) of short Go (PG genumme, 
 kumme, sunn, drucke, G genommen, gekommen, Sonne, 
 trocken); (3) of long G o (PG hunnich, unne, G Honig, 
 ohne); (4) of long G u (PG dutt, sudde, G Tuite, Suden); 
 (5) of short G t (PG luschdere, fuffzich, dupplich, G lustern, 
 funfzig, tupfelig); (6) of G au (PG uff, nuff, G auf, hinauf); 
 (7) of G ie (PG russle, G rieseln); (8) of E u as in E jump, 
 summon (PG tschumpe, summense); (9) of E u as in E 
 butcher, put (PG butscher, putte). | 
 
 Short: like iin E pin or iin G Sinn. Occurs only in the 
 borrowed Greek words synod and tyrann. 
 
 THE DIPHTHONGS 
 
 I have used this digraph in PG to represent the long G 
 a. It is used; therefore, only in words which contain long 
 a in G (and in laeb and saet, G Laib, Saite, and laefer, G 
 Laufer). It is sounded like long PGe: thus, the ae in PG 
 baehe is pronounced like the ee in PG beed or the first e 
 in PG bete: PG baehe, saee, daet, raeche, raridaet, G 
 bahen, saen, tat, rachen, Raritat. 
 
 I have preserved this diphthong in the word kaiser and 
 its compounds and in the compounds of waise: PG waise- 
 haus, waisekind. It is sounded like ai in E aisle or ei in PG 
 weiss. 
 
 Like ow in E cow or au in G laut. Takes the place in 
 PG (1) of G au (PG haus, saufe, drauss, G Haus, saufen, 
 draussen); (2) of ou and ow as in E about, county, hound, 
 crowd, PG ebaut, kaunti, hauns, kraud. 
 
 Like long PGe. I have adopted this digraph to take the 
 place in PG words (1) of G ei: PG gsundheet, schwachheet, 
 heerrlichkeet, bangichkeet, G Gesundheit, Schwachheit, 
 Herrlichkeit, Bangigkeit (although the G forms of most 
 words which contain these suffixes are also heard); PG beed, 
 
XVill 
 
 ei 
 
 ie 
 
 oi 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 heem, weech, G beide, heim, weich; (2) of long G 6 (PG 
 schweere, deete, eeschtlich, G schworen, toten, dstlich); (3) of 
 au (PG beemche, bereechere, zeem, G Baumchen, berauch- 
 ern, Zaume). 
 
 Like iin E pine or ei in G Pein. Takes the place in PG 
 (1) of Gei (PG keim, seit, leicht, G Keim, Seite, leicht); (2) 
 of G au (PG meis, verseime, feischdle, G Mause, versaumen, 
 fausteln); (3) of G eu (PG leit, heit, zigeiner, G Leute, 
 heute, Zigeuner); (4) is frequently retained in the suffixes 
 -heit and -keit; (5) of long E i as in E pine, sign, mind, 
 PG beind, seine, meinde. 
 
 Like ee in E meet or ie in G Miete. Takes the place in 
 PG (1) of G ie (PG biete, niese, prieschder, G bieten, niesen, 
 Priester); (2) of long G t (PG fiehle, hiet, wiedich, G fuhlen, 
 Hite, wiitig); (3) of short G ut (PG riesel, G Russel); 
 (4) of the long E sound of e as in beat, meet, teacher, PG 
 biete (to excel), miete, tietscher. 
 
 Like oy in E boy. Takes the place in PG (1) of Gel 
 (PG roi, woi, fischroijer, G Reihe, Weihe, Fischreiher) ; 
 (2) of Geu (PG hoi, G Heu); (3) of Gai (PG Moi, G Mai); 
 (4) of E long i as in E pie, crier, PG boi, groijer; (5) of E 
 oy as in E enjoy, employ, PG entschoije, emploije; (6) of 
 E aw in E lawyer, PG loijer. In proper names it is written 
 oy (but = oij): Boyer, Moyer, Schloyer. 
 
 The dialects of Switzerland, Wurttemberg, Bavaria and 
 Alsace, whence many of the early Pennsylvania-German 
 settlers came, have a number of real diphthongs; that is, 
 they are not pronounced in one extended sound, but are a 
 blend into each other of two vowel sounds, like uo, ua. It 
 has always been a matter of surprise to me that there is 
 no trace left in Pennsylvania-German of these sounds. 
 Professor Learned remarks of the uo diphthong ‘‘I have 
 noted the sound especially in the speech of the Swiss 
 Dunkards of York Co.’”’ I have never heard it. There is, 
 however, in the speech of many Pennsylvania-Germans a 
 drawling lengthening of the vowels (frequently intoned), 
 so that every long vowel forms, as it were, a diphthong with 
 itself. 
 
Vowel or 
 Diphthong 
 
 a (short) 
 4 
 a 
 
 au 
 e (short) 
 e (long) 
 
 el 
 i (long) 
 o (long) 
 
 u (short) 
 u (long) 
 
 Pennsylvania-German Dictionary Xix 
 NASAL VOWELS AND DIPHTHONGS 
 
 Few Pennsylvania-German writers have made any at- 
 tempt to denote the nasality of the vowels and of certain 
 diphthongs. No one, so far asI am aware, has ever called 
 attention to all of these sounds. There are eleven of them. 
 The nasality replaces (except in the cases of the short 
 a-sounds and of de“ich for denk ich) a lost final n, but it 
 does not pervert the sound of the vowel or diphthong as 
 does the French in un, vin, as compared with une, vinaigre. 
 It is always final. There is no trace of the medial nasaliza- 
 tion which is common in the Suabian dialects. The seeming 
 medial and initial nasalization in such words as dra geh™ 
 and u'mensch is really final, as dra” and u’ are prefixes. 
 There is no nasalization of o in no (for nooch), as Learned 
 says there is. The nasalization is not as strong as in French, 
 nor does it end abruptly as in French. There is only a 
 slight passage of the breath through the nostrils in produc- 
 ing it, and the nostrils are slightly dilated. As it is impossi- 
 ble to give directions so that any one can produce the sounds, 
 I append the following short sentences in which the pure and 
 the nasalized vowel stand in close proximity. The sounds 
 can be correctly acquired only by having some discriminating 
 person pronounce carefully these and similar sentences. 
 The tilde (~) is-used to indicate nasalization. 
 
 Nasal Vowel or 
 Diphthong Examples 
 a aha’, ha’-a", haha’, aha” (only ex- 
 amples) 
 
 2 ha” (only example) 
 
 acwarhi a’, bah’, zah”, za°schlipper 
 
 au™ nau, brau’, allau™ 
 
 e e’, ne’, ke’, de“ich 
 
 bee”, nee’, schteh’, 
 zaeh™ 
 
 ~ 
 
 meh”, schpae’, 
 
 oh’, o (for a7) 
 
 mei’, rei’, fei” 
 hi’, grie”, kie“russ 
 soh”, loh”, ofange (as heard in some 
 
 localities) 
 Ve; u’mensch, ubennich 
 u, uh” du’, suh’, luh™ 
 
xx 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 Sentences. Mer lache ha ha un saje ha’-a. Sak natha. Fang aa’. 
 
 Nau’ kau. 
 
 Gebb ne” gute kuche. Geh meh” naus. Wu sin sei’ sei? 
 
 Schtell die hi”. Ich nemm ken so loh*. Di kinner sin wiescht un u’- 
 bennich. Des kann ken bu du’. 
 
 b, p 
 
 THE CONSCNANTS 
 
 The labials b and p are pronounced like b and p in Eor 
 G, except that the lips are not pressed together as tightly, 
 nor is the expulsion of the breath after the lips are separated 
 as explosive, as in pronouncing the corresponding letter 
 in E or G. They are, therefore, pronounced more nearly 
 alike than in E or G, and one frequently finds b written for 
 p, especially after initial sch. Final b in PG is pronounced 
 like PG p. b takes the place in PG (1) of initial b in G (PG 
 binne, bohre, bank, G binden, bohren, Bank); (2) of initial 
 p in G (PG babier, baschdnad, barrick, G Papier, Pastinake, 
 Perticke; (3) of medial p in G (PG babbegoi, aschbe, lumbe, 
 G Papegei, Aspe, Lumpen); (4) of final b in G (PG ab, 
 grab, ob, G ab, Grab, ob); (5) of medial b in G before the 
 ending e which is dropped in PG (PG nab, daub, reb, G 
 Nabe, Taube, Rebe); (6) of initial pf in G (PG blicke, 
 blaschder, G pflucken, Pflaster); (7) of initial b in E as 
 in E baby, bother, beef, PG bewi, badder, bief); (8) of 
 initial p in E as in E Polly, pence, pocketbook, PG Balli, 
 bens, backebuch. 
 
 p takes the place in PG (1) of initial p in G (PG pock, 
 par, pulwer, G Pocke, Paar, Pulver); (2) of initial pf in G 
 (PG poschde, peif, pund, G Pfosten, Pfeife, Pfund); (3) 
 of initial p in E as in E party, picture, pencil, PG perti, 
 pikter, pensil); (4) of final G pf (PG sump, dropp, damp, 
 G Sumpf, Tropf, Dampf); (5) when doubled of medial G 
 pf (PG gloppe, zappe, keppe, G klopfen, Zapfen, kopfen); 
 (6) when doubled of double (and single) E p asin E slapping, 
 sloppy, copybook, PG schlappens, schlappich, kappibuch. 
 
 In pronouncing the PG dentals d and t the tongue is not 
 pressed as firmly against the teeth as it is in forming E or 
 Gdandt. Nor, as also in the case of the labials, is the ex- 
 pulsion of the breath as explosive as in E or G d and t. 
 The enunciation of the South German dialects is sluggish 
 and slovenly as compared with the enunciation of E or of 
 
g, k, ck 
 
 Pennsylvania-German Dictionary Xxl 
 
 North German. For this reason we find that the more 
 difficult of the two labials is replaced largely by the less 
 difficult one, but nowhere does p take the place of b. This 
 is even more marked with the dentals, where initial t has 
 been replaced almost completely by the less difficult d; 
 there are only 56 words in the dictionary beginning with t. 
 
 Most of the few words in PG which begin with t are 
 rather uncommon, some of them being of non-German origin. 
 The popular pronunciation here follows the pronunciation of 
 the educated who most frequently use these words. Medi- 
 ally and finally the t of Gis not so frequently represented 
 in PG byd (PG ratte, hette, bete, rutsche, hott, G Ratten, 
 hatten, beten, rutschen, hat). 
 
 I have written t after initial sch, but d after medial sch. 
 There seems to be sufficient impetus after initial sch to form 
 t fairly distinctly, but the tongue does not rebound suff- 
 ciently from forming a vowel + medial sch to form t + a 
 vowel, and so stops at the easier d._ Final d is usually pro- 
 nounced like t. 
 
 d takes the place in PG (1) of initial G t (PG darr, dor, 
 dal, G Teer, Tor, Tal); (2) of medial G t (PG needich, 
 gerode, bloder, G notig, geraten, Blatter); (3) of initial, 
 medial and final G d (PG ding, darrich, odder, scheede, 
 rad, dod, G Ding, durch, oder, scheiden, Rad, Tod); (4) 
 of medial G d before an ending which is dropped in PG (PG 
 grad, lad, beed, G gerade, Lade, beide); (5) of E voiced th 
 as in E bother, rather, either, PG badder, redder, eider. 
 
 g is sounded like g in E get or g in G Geld, k is sounded 
 like k in E kind or k in G Kind; except that the expulsion 
 of the breath is not as forcible as in the pronunciation of 
 the corresponding letter in E or G. There is more varia- 
 tion in the use of these gutturals initially than of any other 
 two letters, especially in words which begin with the con- 
 sonantal combinations kl, kn and kr in G (G Klinge, knab- 
 bern, Krach, PG gling or kling, gnawwere or knawwere, 
 grach or krach). The influence of E has developed a vowel 
 between k and n of initial kn in a few proper names in a 
 way that resembles the development of a vowel between 1, 
 r, or n and a following consonant: Kanouse, Kaniper for 
 Knauss, Kneiper. g occurs in PG initially only (PG gold, 
 
XXil 
 
 ch 
 
 chs 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 Grischt, gucke, G Gold, Christ, gucken), except in a few 
 words of Latin origin (PG Regine, regischder, regiere, 
 regiering) and in PG igel, schmuggle. Medially its place is 
 taken in PG by j (PG 4je, schlajje, rejje and reje, rijjel, 
 boje, kujjel (note jj where the preceding vowel is short), 
 G Augen, schlagen, Regen, Riegel, Bogen, Kugel). At the 
 end of a word k takes its place in PG (PG mak, wek, 
 schteek, blok, bluk, G mag, Weg, Steige, Plage, Pflug). 
 Initially k takes the place in PG (1) of G ge + h in the perfect 
 participle of verbs beginning with h (PG kalte, kenselt, kolt, 
 kuft for G gehalten, gehanselt, geholt, gehuft); (2) of ge +h 
 in verbal nouns whose stem begins with h (PG keil, kammer, 
 kuddel, G Geheul, Gehammer, Gehudel). k also takes the 
 place in PG (1) of initial or medial G k (PG koche, kalb, 
 hoke, balke, G kochen, Kalb, Haken, Balken); (2) of Ek 
 and c (like k) (PG koort, kandi, kammen, schpankich from 
 E court, candy, common, spunky). Medial and final k 
 after a short vowel is written ck in PG (PG packe, hocke, 
 mick, fluck, berrick, kick (E kick), juckere (E to euchre)). 
 g takes the place in PG initially and medially in words 
 from the E which contain it (PG griement, figger, boggi, 
 kangegress, E agreement, figure, buggy, congress). 
 
 Does not occur initially. It is found in PG only in the 
 combinations ch, chs, ck. In words from the E like decide 
 s takes its place, PG diseide. 
 
 As in G there are two of these guttural sounds: (1) 
 after a front vowel as in PG ich, blech, (2) after a back vowel, 
 as in PG mache, boche, suche. The first one is not in E, 
 the second is heard in the pronunciation of the Scotch loch. 
 It takes the place in PG (1) of medial ch in G (PG woche, 
 kichelche, zucht, G Wochen, Kuchelchen, Zucht); (2) of 
 g in the noun and adjective ending in G -ig (PG kewwich, 
 essich, schteenich, wessrich, G Kafig, Essig, steinig, wasse- 
 rig); (3) ot the endings -e, -en, -er in a number ot G pre- 
 positions (PG unnich, newich, zwischich, hinnich, G ohne, 
 neben, zwischen, hinter); (4) of a spirant h no longer in G 
 (PG naecher, heecher, G naher, hoher) and ot the ending -e 
 in G Karre, PG karrich. 
 
 Like x in E ax or x in G Axt. Takes the place in PG of 
 chs in G (PG achsel, wachse, buchs, ochs, G Achsel, wachsen, 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary XXili 
 
 Buchs, Ochs). But when ch and s are in different syllables, 
 as in wachsam, they are pronounced separately. 
 
 Like f in E fin or f in G finden. Takes the place in PG 
 (1) of initial, medial and final f in G (PG fackel, fahre, 
 haufe, hoffe, schof, G Fackel, tahren, Haufen, hoffen, Schaf); 
 (2) of f in words in PG adopted from the E: PG frallick, 
 fixe, affis. 
 
 Like h in E hat or h in G Hut (when it is sounded). It 
 is used in G to indicate that the preceding vowel is long and 
 to keep two vowels apart. When so used it is not sounded. 
 It is written in PG for the same purpose when the corre- 
 sponding G word contains it, and when so used it is silent 
 also in PG: PG uhr, kehl, maehe, G Uhr, Kehle, mahen. 
 Is used initially and sounded as in G (PG hasse, hols, G 
 hassen, Holz). 
 
 When initial like y in E yes or j in G jetzt. When medial 
 it is not sounded quite as open as when initial, but more 
 like y in E ‘many a”’ in a sentence. It takes the place in 
 PG (1) of initial j in G (PG johr, jung, joch, G Jahr, jung, 
 Joch); (2) of medial g in G (rarely of h) (PG saje, feje, 
 sijjel, bluje, ruje, G sagen, fegen, Siegel, pfligen, ruhen); 
 (3) of initial y in words adopted from the E: PG jard, Janki. 
 
 Like | in E like or 1 in G leicht. Takes the place in PG 
 initially, medially and finally (1) of G1 (PG lob, mole, 
 mittel, G Lob, malen, Mittel); (2) of 1 in words borrowed 
 from the E (PG leikness, lewwele, leiwli). One of the most 
 interesting phenomena in PG phonology is the development 
 of a vowel between an | and the following consonant (PG 
 kellich, millich, schellem, sollich, blosballick, kallick, gfol- 
 lickt, schellicks and schallack, G Kelch, Milch, Schelm, 
 solch, Blasbalge, Kalk, gefolgt, Schalk). This phenomenon 
 is, however, not unique in PG, as it exists in the Palatinate 
 dialects of today. Itis much more frequent after r, and there 
 are a few cases of it after n. Note the necessity of doubling 
 the I, r and n in such words. 
 
 Like m in E man or min G Mann. Takes the place in 
 PG initially, medially and finally (1) of G m (PG messer, 
 amt, rahm, G Messer, Amt, Rahm); (2) of final n in a few 
 G and E words (PG besem, wasem, rassem, G Besen, 
 Rasen, E rosin); (3) of m in Words borrowed from the E 
 PG mixe, semli, bassem). 
 
XXIV 
 
 ng 
 
 nk 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 Like n in E not or nin G Not. Takes the place in PG 
 initially, medially, and finally (1) of G n (PG nix, meene, 
 bin, G nichts, meinen, bin); (2) of n in words borrowed 
 from the E (PG nosse, Insch, kossin). nn takes the place 
 in PG (1) of nn in G (PG brunne, rinne, wann, G Brunnen, 
 rinnen, wann); (2) of nd in G (PG kinner, binne, nanner, 
 G Kinder, binden, einander); (3) of nt in G (PG hinner, 
 runner, drunner, G hinter, herunter, darunter). The inflec- 
 tional ending n of G is wanting in most places in PG (G wir 
 trinken, die guten Kuchen, gieb ihnen etwas, er hat nur einen 
 gesehen, PG mer drinke, di gute kuche, gebb ne” ebbes, zr 
 hott juscht eener gsehne). Final n in sin mer,in me,an me 
 is assimilated to m: PG simmer, imme, amme. Final nn in 
 PG wann mer and kann mer is assimilated tom: PG wammer, 
 kammer. A few words containing an n insert a vowel be- 
 tween it and a following consonant (PG fennichel, finnif, 
 hannef, G Fenchel, funf, Hanf). 
 
 Like ng in E sing or ng in G singen: PG ring, fange, 
 Harning. But when n and g (or k) are in different syl- 
 lables they are pronounced separately (PG un-graut, un- 
 koschde). 
 
 Like nk in E sink or nk in G sinken: PG flink, schunke. 
 
 Occurs only in combination with u. qu is nearly always 
 like PG gw; occasionally like PG kw. Takes the place in 
 PG of q in G words which have an initial q (PG quaele, 
 quell, quitt, G qualen, Quelle, Quitte). 
 
 Not pronounced like either E or Gr. Unlike E r it is 
 trilled slightly, but not asmuchasis Gr. It takes the placein 
 PG initially, medially and finally (1) of Gr (PG rick, narde, 
 gar, G Ricken, Norden, gar); (2) initially in words which 
 have dropped he- of the G prefix her- (PG riwwer, raus, 
 ruff, G hertber, heraus, herauf); (3) of rin words borrowed 
 from the E (PG rule, kjure, peddler). Owing to its trilled 
 character many words containing an r insert a vowel between 
 the r and a following b, ch, f, j, k, m, p, or wsound (PG karreb, 
 farreb, ferrichde, errijer, schnarrickse, warref, nerrev, | 
 garrick, marrick, arrem, warrem, zerrewet, G Korb, Farbe, 
 furchten, arger, schnarchen, (dG) worf, Nerv, Kork, Markt, 
 arm, Wurm, Arbeit). After an a-sound and before a sound be- 
 ginning with a t or before n, r is frequently scarcely audible 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary XXV 
 
 and sometimes is dropped altogether (PG dann, vanne, 
 gatt, datt, fatt, schwatz for darn, varne, gart, dart, fart, 
 schwarz). 
 
 S, SS Like s in E sit or s in G bis. It takes the place in PG 
 (1) of s in G words which contain the voiceless spirant s 
 (PG kisse, wisst, aus, G Kissen, wisset, aus); (2) of s in G 
 words which contain the voiced spirant s (PG seel, nas, 
 siwwe, G Seele, Nase, sieben); (3) of Gz in -lz and nz 
 (PG mils, schtols, wans, runsel, G Milz, stolz, Wanze, 
 Runzel); (4) of s and c (like s) in words borrowed from 
 the E (PG sigzr, sistern, sober). It is only rarely that one 
 hears the buzzing G sound ot s before a vowel. Harvey 
 Miller occasionally notes this sound and expresses it by E 
 z in his writings. 
 
 The sz of G words like Fusz, Risz, Schlosz, gieszen is 
 always written ss in PG (PG fuss, riss, schloss, giesse) and 
 sounded like ss in E miss. 
 
 schp, schb. G sp is sounded and written schp when it is initial or 
 final in PG (G Sprache, Wespe, PG schproch, weschp). 
 When medial it is sounded and written schb (PG raschbel, 
 kaschber, G Raspel, Kasper). 
 
 scht,ischd G st is sounded and written scht in PG when initial or 
 final. When medial it is sounded and written schd (PG 
 schtock, roschde, koscht, G Stock, rosten, Kost). 
 
 V Like f in E for or v in G vergessen. It is preserved in all 
 words in PG which contain v in G or dG, and in hybrid 
 compounds which have been formed with E words. In the 
 latter it occurs initially only: PG verschmottere, ver- 
 schwappe. 
 
 Ww Not like G w. It is made with the lips in the position in 
 which they are at the beginning of making E w, but the lips 
 are not rounded as in making Ew. Takes the place in PG 
 (1) of initial G w (PG war, wille, wunsch, G war, Wille, 
 Wunsch); (2) of G w in the initial consonantal combina- 
 tions schw and zw (PG schwinge, schwelle, zwinge, G 
 schwingen, schwellen, zwingen); (3) of Gb, both singly 
 and doubled, (PG selwer, dowe, hawwer, zuwwer, G selber, 
 toben, Haber, Zuber); (4) of initial E wh and initial and 
 medial E w and v in words borrowed from the E (PG wiski, 
 wipp, waere, watsch, welwet, wuewwer). 
 
XXV1 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 x Like x in E ax or x in G Axt. Takes the place in PG (1) 
 of x in G words (PG hex, faxe, juxe, G Hexe, Faxen, juxen); 
 (2) of the x sound and similar sounds in E words and hybrid 
 compounds (PG bax, haxet, mixelfuder, exkjuse). 
 
 Z Like tsin E hats orzin Gzanken. Takes the place in PG 
 (1) of initial G z (PG zarn, zimmlich, zucker, zwilling, G Zorn, 
 ziemlich, Zucker, Zwilling); (2) is written tz after a short 
 vowel in words which have tz in G (PG schwitze, katz, 
 glotz, schmutzich, G schwitzen, Katze, Klotz, schmutzig). 
 
 ee This is adictionary of non-English words in the Pennsyl- 
 
 Ba oi ae vania-German dialect. It contains 16,438 entries. I have 
 
 included Pennsylvania-German words that have the same 
 or a similar stem in both English and German. In the case of most of 
 these words it would be possible to determine only after long investiga- 
 tion whether they are of German origin, or whether they came into the 
 dialect from the English. To arrive at a reasonable certainty as to the 
 origin of even one such word would require an amount of research that 
 is beyond the scope of this work. I have also included compound 
 words that are German in form, although they are a literal translation 
 from the English and so are not used in German, e.g., rijjelwek, 
 grossfiehlich. For special reasons a few words evidently of English 
 origin and a few more of doubtful origin have been included. The 
 exclusion, in general, of words wholly or partly of English origin leaves 
 some unsatisfactory gaps; thus, the common words bax, fens, Insching, 
 schtiem, tschumpe and their numerous compounds are missing. But 
 there is no rule of usage or authority by which it can be determined 
 what English words should be included in a Pennsylvania-German 
 dictionary. There is a language border line along which there is a 
 considerable number of words which it is difficult to assign definitely 
 to High German only, or to both High German and the dialect. This 
 is particularly true of religious nomenclature. An introductory note 
 explains the purpose of the Appendix. 
 
 The word atter the English definition gives the German, dialectic 
 German, French, Latin, or Indian word, as the case may be, ot the same 
 stem as the preceding Pennsylvania-German word. It does not always 
 have the same meaning as the Pennsylvania-German word. There is 
 but one word in the dialect ot Dutch origin, and that may have come in 
 through the English. This shows the absurdity of calling the dialect 
 ‘Pennsylvania-Dutch.”’ While Autenrieth’s Pfalzisches Idiotikon con- 
 tains a considerable number of words of Hebrew origin that are in use 
 
Pennsylvanita-German Dictionary XXVIl 
 
 in the Palatinate today, there is not a single word of Hebrew origin 
 (except biblical names) in the Pennsylvania-German dialect. 
 
 My constant reference books in the preparation of this 
 work have been the Muret-Sanders Encyklopddisches 
 Englisch-Deutsches und Deutsch-Englisches W orterbuch, Heyne’s Deutsches 
 Worterbuch, Paul’s Deutsches Worterbuch, Kluge’s Etymologisches Wor- 
 terbuch, Autenrieth’s Pfalzisches Idiotikon, Schmeller’s Bavyerisches 
 W orterbuch, Martin und Lienhart’s Worterbuch der Elsdssischen Mund- 
 arten, Kauffmann’s Geschichte der Schwdbischen Mundart and Weise’s 
 Unsere Mundarien. My labors in finding the writings in the dialect 
 were greatly lightened by Dr. H. H. Reichard’s comprehensive bibli- 
 ography in his Pennsylvania-German Dialect Writings and their Writers, 
 published in Volume XXVI Proceedings of the Pennsylvania-German 
 Society. I have, of course, collected words, definitions and verifica- 
 tions of words and definitions from scores of individuals. To all 
 who have contributed in this way I tender my sincerest thanks. I 
 take pleasure in acknowledging by personal mention the services of 
 the following: Rev. J. P. Bachman, of Allentown, Pa., who read the 
 greater part of Autenrieth’s Pfalzisches Idiotikon with me and from 
 it identified many words in the Pennsylvania-German dialect which 
 were unknown to me; Mr. Melvin W. Fisher, of York, Pa., for 
 the use of his copy of his father’s ’S Alt Marik Haus Mittes in D’r 
 Schtadt, now one of the rarest books printed in the dialect; Mr. Conrad 
 Gehring, of Kutztown, Pa., who placed at my disposal files of news- 
 papers containing his writings in the dialect; Mrs. Amandus Hermany, 
 of Jacksonville, Pa., who kindly granted me access to the unpublished 
 manuscript in the dialect of the late Edward Hermany; Dr. W. H. 
 Holsberg, of Lebanon, Pa., who contributed a list of unusual words; 
 Professor I. W. Kehs, of Pennsburg, Pa., for the words in the dialect 
 peculiar to the services of the Roman Catholic church; Mr. W. L. 
 King, of Bethlehem, Pa., to whom I owe many plant names; Mr. C. C. 
 More, of Camden, N. J., who kindly allowed me to read sufficient of his 
 unpublished dialect manuscript to enable me to acquire his vocabulary; 
 Rev. John Baer Stoudt, of Allentown, Pa., in whose library I found 
 several of the rarer books in the dialect, and who contributed a list of 
 interesting words. Through the courtesy of Rev. Thos. R. Brendle, of 
 Green Lane, Pa., I was permitted to copy words from a remarkable 
 unfinished manuscript. It contains a list of Pennsylvania-German plant 
 names, by far the most extensive ever compiled, with their English 
 and scientific equivalents, the derivation of the Pennsylvania-German 
 
 Acknowledgments 
 
XXVili The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 names and a mass of plant folk-lore all the more valuable because the 
 few who still know something about it are fast passing away. The work 
 is particularly strong in tracing the origin of the Pennsylvania-German 
 terms and in explaining how several plants belonging botanically to 
 different families came to have the same name, and how the same plant 
 came to be called by different names. It was originally compiled by 
 Rev. Thos. R. Brendle and the late A. S. Brendle, of Schaefferstown, 
 Pa., and has lately been revised and enlarged by Mr. D. E. Lick, of 
 Fredericksburg, Pa. By it I revised the plant names which I already 
 had collected, and from it I obtained upward of 280 additional names. 
 I regret that the manuscript was not available in time to make it possi- 
 ble for me to add the scientific term after the English name, or to make 
 cross-references. It is also a matter of regret that it was necessary to 
 exclude many of the names because they are of English origin. I am 
 indebted to Professor Gustav Herbig, of Munich, Germany, for the 
 derivation of the words kaft, pannhas and vendere. But I am especially 
 indebted to Rev. A. C. Wuchter, of Toledo, Ohio. Early in the course 
 of the compilation he allowed me to examine a great part of his unpub- — 
 lished manuscript in the dialect. Subsequently he read critically the 
 complete manuscript of the dictionary. In the original plan only the 
 more important of the separable verbs were included. Mr. Wuchter 
 noted so many which have as good a claim to be recorded as those 
 which were already entered, that the plan was enlarged and these were 
 also included. But he also added many stem-words which do not occur 
 in any other form in the dialect. Altogether he contributed more than 
 one thousand words. Whatever merit the work may possess is due in 
 no small part to his wide scholarship, thorough knowledge of the dialect 
 and critical acumen. 
 
 The interest which the members of the Executive Committee of the 
 Pennsylvania-German Society have taken in the preparation of the 
 volume has made possible the prompt publication of it in the style for 
 
 which the publications of the Society are noted. 
 MiB eas 
 July, 1923. 
 
ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 acc accusative JMH J. Max Hark 
 adj adjective L Latin 
 adv adverb | m masculine 
 App Appendix MHG Middle High German 
 art article n neuter 
 cf compare nom nominative 
 conj conjunction num numeral 
 dat dative onomat onomatopoetic 
 def definite Pp past 
 dem demonstrative P Palatinate dialect 
 der derivation PG Pennsylvania-German 
 dG ___ dialectic (or provincial) German pl plural 
 dim(s) diminutive(s) pp perfect participle 
 E English pr pronoun 
 EH Edward Hermany prep __— preposition 
 f feminine pres present 
 F French Q.v. which see 
 = HG German R E. H. Rauch 
 A. R. Horne RB Rachel Bahn 
 he H. L. Fisher rel relative 
 I Indian subj subjunctive 
 ind indefinite or indicative sup superlative 
 inf infinitive tr translation 
 
 EXPLANATION OF SIGNS 
 
 The tilde (~) indicates that the vowel or diphthong preceding it is 
 nasalized. 
 
 The dash (—) denotes the word previously defined. 
 
 The sign (-) denotes that part of a word standing before || : aje || 
 appel; -blick; -blicklich; etc., = ajeappel; ajeblick; ajeblicklich; etc. 
 
 The sign (<) reads ‘‘from”’ or “‘derived from.” 
 
 The signs within the brackets after each word denote (1) the number 
 of syllables in the word, (2) the quantity ot the vowel or diphthong in 
 each syllable, (3) on which syllable the primary accent is placed: han- 
 delwese [*~~~]. 
 
Character 
 a 
 a 
 Zz 
 
 KEY TO PRONUNCIATION 
 
 Sound 
 
 Long: like a in E father or ain G Vater. 
 Short: like a in E what or a in G satt. 
 Like aw in E law or au in E author. 
 Long: approximately like a in E marry lengthened. 
 Short: like a in E marry. 
 Long: like a in E at lengthened. 
 Short: like a in E at. 
 Long: like ain E gate or e in G geht. 
 Short: like e in E let or e in G fett. 
 Long: like iin E machine or 1 in G ihn. 
 Short: like iin E pin or iin G Sinn. 
 Long: like o in E note or o in G Bote. 
 Short: like u in E cup or 0 in G Kopf. 
 Long: like oo in E moon or u in G tun. 
 Short: like oo in E cook or u in G gucken. 
 Like iin E pin or iin G Sinn. 
 Like a in E gate or e in G geht. 
 Like ai in E aisle. 
 Like ow in E cow or au in G laut. 
 Like a in E gate or e in G geht. 
 Like i in E pine or ei in G Pein. 
 Like ee in E meet or ie in G Miete. 
 Like oy in E boy. 
 Nearly like E or G b. 
 Like ch in G ich or Loch. 
 Like x in E ax or x in G Axt. 
 Nearly like E or G d. 
 Like f in E tor or f in G Fach. 
 Like g in E get or g in G Geld. 
 When sounded, like h in E hat orh inG Hut. It is some- 
 
 times silent. 
 When initial, like y in E yes or j in Gjetzt. When medial, 
 
 like y in E ‘‘many a”’. 
 Like E or Gk. 
 Like E or GI. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary XXxi 
 
 Like E or G m. 
 
 Like E or Gn. 
 
 Like ng in E sing or ng in G singen. 
 
 Like nk in E sink or nk in G sinken. 
 
 Nearly like E or G p. 
 
 Nearly always like PG gw, sometimes like PG kw. 
 Like E r slightly trilled. 
 
 Like s in E sit or s in G bis. 
 
 Like sh in E shun or sch in G schon. 
 
 Nearly like E or Gt. 
 
 Like f in E tor or v in G vergessen. 
 
 Like E w, but made without rounding the lips. 
 Like x in E ax or x in G Axt. 
 
 Like ts in E hats or z in G zanken. 
 
 For further details see Phonology and Orthography, pp. xii-xxvi. 
 
 yHQu BR eB 
 
 Md de on 
 " = 
 
‘yy nM 
 
 Misa ‘i : 
 
 v "j 
 1 % 
 g Mesihi> 
 
 hit ‘ 
 
 att Cu FY 
 
 i" bay wt 
 ot Ta chy aes 
 
 if 
 
 J ny Th aot 
 i beat Kathie 
 “Ai we dt an i aay ‘ 
 
 He ee 
 
 7 
 
 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 A 
 
 A, a, the first letter of the alphabet, pro- 
 "nounced 4 in spelling, whatever its phonic 
 value in the word; vun A bis Z, from be- 
 ginning to end. 
 
 4[ 7], also, too, to be sure, certainly, indeed; 
 ich denk awwer —’, well, I am _ sure; 
 kummt’er —, will he be sure to come. G 
 auch. 
 
 a~[-]; vun heit —, from today; es feier is —, 
 the fire is made: di schul is —, school has 
 been called to order. Also pronounced 
 Doli) Ge an: 
 
 a~-["], separable prefix of verbs which be- 
 comes a separate word in the inflected forms 
 of the present: ich fang 4%; also prefix of 
 derived nouns, adjectives and adverbs. 
 In some sections pronounced o [7]. G 
 an-. 
 
 a~zrkenne[*~~~], pp a°erkennt, to acknowl- 
 edge, recognize. G anerkennen. 
 
 ab[~], off, from, away; zr is gans —, he is out 
 of his head, he has severed relations; er is 
 wennich —, he isa little off his head. Gab. 
 
 ab-[~], separable prefix of verbs, and a prefix 
 . sae) Gn nouns, adjectives and adverbs. 
 
 ab-. 
 
 a-b-ab, n, a-b-ab, rudiments of spelling. G 
 a-b-ab. 
 
 abaddich, abbardich[~*~], baddich[*~], par- 
 ticular(ly), special(ly), dainty, select, ex- 
 clusive. G apart-+ig. 
 
 abard[~*] JMH, particular(ly), special(ly). 
 G apart <F a part. 
 
 a~basse[*~~], pp Agebasst, to fit, palm off 
 on; eens —, to cheat; eeni —, to tell a lie. 
 G anpassen. 
 
 a~baue|[*~~], pp 4 gebaut, to build against, 
 build an addition to. Ganbauen. 
 
 abbeerschde[*~~], pp abgebzrscht, to brush. 
 G abbiirsten. 
 
 abbalsemiere[*~~~~], pp abgebalsemiert, to 
 give a tongue-lashing. Gab-+balsamieren. 
 
 abbalwiere[*~~~], pp abgebalwiert, to shave 
 off. G abbarbieren. 
 
 abbarzle[*~~], pp abgebarzelt, to tumble off. 
 G abpurzeln. 
 
 abbedek[~~*], f, drug-store. G Apotheke. 
 
 chistes m, druggist. G Apothe- 
 
 er. 
 
 abbedekerkunscht[~~*~~], f, pharmaceutics. 
 
 Apothekerkunst. 
 
 abbedit[~~*], m, appetite. G Appetit. 
 
 abbeditlich[~~*~], appetizing, nice, delicious. 
 G appetitlich. 
 
 3 
 
 abbeisse[*~~], pp abgebisse, to bite off. G 
 abbeissen. 
 
 abbettle[*~~], pp abgebettelt, to obtain by 
 begging or persistency, beg off. G ab- 
 betteln. 
 
 abbezahle[*~~~], pp abbezahlt, to pay off. 
 G abbezahlen. 
 
 abbiete[’~~], pp abgebotte, to outbid at a 
 public sale. G abbieten. 
 
 abbinne[*~~], pp abgebunne, to furnish and 
 put on the iron-work of a wheel or wagon, 
 put a hoop on a barrel or cask, remove by 
 tying (asa wart). G abbinden. 
 
 abbitte[*~], pp abgebitt, to implore forgive- 
 ness or leniency, solicit or ask for (some- 
 thing). G abbitten. 
 
 abblade[*~~], pp abgebladt, to pluck leaves 
 from, defoliate. G abblatten. 
 
 abbleeche[*~~], pp abgebleecht, 
 bleach. G abbleichen. 
 
 abbleiwe[* ~~], pp abgebliwwe, to remain off, 
 remain at a distance. G abbleiben. 
 
 abblettre[<~~], pp abgeblettert, to pluck leaves 
 from. G. abblattern. 
 
 abbliehe[*~~]. pp abgeblieht, to cease bloom- 
 ing. G abbliihen. 
 
 abbloje[*~~], pp abgeblokt, to exhaust by 
 working; sich —, to exhaust oneself by 
 working. G abplagen. 
 
 abblose[* ~~], pp abgeblose, to blow off, clear 
 up, give vent to one’s opinions or feelings. 
 G abblasen. 
 
 abbreche[*~~], pp abgebroche, to break off, 
 stop. G abbrechen. 
 
 abbrenne[*~~], pp abgebrennt, to burn down. 
 G abbrennen. 
 
 abbriehe[*~~], pp abgebrieht, to scald. G 
 abbriihen. 
 
 abbrijjele[‘~~“], pp abgebrijjelt, 
 soundly. G abpriigeln. 
 
 abbrille[’~~], pp. abgebrillt, eens, to cry (a 
 tune). G abbriillen. 
 
 abbrockle[*~~], pp abgebrockelt, to come off 
 in small particles, crumble. G abbréckeln. 
 
 abbruch[*~], m, cessation. G Abbruch. 
 
 abbschtelle[*~~], pp abbschtellt, to postpone, 
 countermand. G abbestellen. 
 
 abbumpe[*~~], pp abgebumpt, to remove by 
 pumping (so as to get cooler water): es 
 wasser —. G abpumpen. 
 
 abbutzel*~~], pp abgebutzt, to clean, clean off, 
 wipe, dry (dishes). G abputzen. 
 
 abc[~~*], n, alphabet. 
 
 abcbuch{~~*~], n, primer. 
 
 abcschitz[“~~~~], m, abecedarian. 
 schiitz. 
 
 to fade, 
 
 to drub 
 
 G Abc- 
 
2 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 abdachdle[*~~], pp abgedachdelt, to flog. G 
 abdachteln. 
 
 abderre[’~~], pp abgedzrrt, to dry partly 
 (as hay). G abdorren. 
 
 abdanke[*~~], pp abgedankt, to resign (from 
 an office), discharge (an official), discard. 
 G abdanken. 
 
 Abdansdak[*~~], Abdunsdak[* ~~], m, Abdon’s 
 day (July 30). 
 
 abdecke[‘~~], pp abgedeckt, to unroof, un- 
 cover. G abdecken. 
 
 abdeele[“~~], pp abgedeelt, to divide, share, 
 separate. G abteilen. 
 
 abdeiwle[* ~~], pp abgedeiwelt, to bedevil. G 
 ab-++teufeln. 
 
 abdengle[*~~], pp abgedengelt, to cut one 
 short in an argument. G ab-+dengeln. 
 
 abdetschle[’~~], pp abgedetschelt, to touch 
 base in playing hide and seek. G ab+ 
 tatscheln. 
 
 abdowe[*~~], pp abgedobt, sich, to run or 
 rage to exhaustion. G abtoben. 
 
 abdrack[*~], m, duty, tax, excise; — du’, to 
 damage, undermine (in business). G Ab- 
 trag. 
 
 abdraje[*~~], pp abgedraje, to carry off. G 
 abtragen. 
 
 abdratte[*~~], pp abgedratt, to trot off. G 
 abtrotten. 
 
 abdrede[*~~], pp abgedrede, to wear off by 
 treading. G abtreten. 
 
 abdrehe[* ~~], pp abgedreht, to turn off, turn 
 ona lathe. G abdrehen. 
 
 abdreiwe[“~~], pp abgedriwwe, to drive off, 
 expel. G abtreiben. ' 
 
 abdrenne, abtrenne[‘~~], pp abgedrennt, to 
 rip off, unseam. G abtrennen. 
 
 abdresche[*~~], pp abgedrosche, to thrash 
 with flail or machine, flog soundly. G 
 abdreschen. 
 
 abdricke[*~~], pp abgedrickt, to press or pinch 
 off, pull the trigger, fire. G abdriicken. 
 
 abdrickellumpe|*~~~~], m, cloth for drying 
 hands or face, towel. dG abdrickellumpe. 
 
 abdrickle[*~~], pp abgedrickelt, to dry off. 
 dG abdrickeln. 
 
 abdritt, abtritt[<~], m, withdrawal, privy. G 
 Abtritt. 
 
 abdropse[*~~], pp abgedropst, to drop or 
 trickle off. dG abdropse. 
 
 abdropsle[*~~], pp abgedropselt, to drop or 
 trickle off. dG abdropse. 
 
 abdu~[*"], pp abgedu’, to take off, postpone. 
 G abtun. 
 
 a“befehle[*~~~], a~bfehle[*~~], pp A”befohle, 
 to enjoin, request, urge, recommend, re- 
 mind emphatically. G anbefehlen. 
 
 a™beginn[~~~], m, beginning. G Anbeginn. 
 
 a~beisse[~~~], pp A°gebisse, to bite into. G 
 anbeissen. 
 
 a~belange|*~~~], pp A@™belangt, to belong, 
 relate, be concerned. G anbelangen. 
 
 abesse[*~~], pp abgesse, to eat off: en gnoche 
 —. Gabessen. 
 
 a“bete[*~~], pp Aa°gebet, to worship, adore. 
 G anbeten. 
 
 a~ betungswerdich[*~~~~], adorable. G an- 
 betungswiirdig. 
 
 abewene[*~~~], pp abgeewent, to level off. 
 G abebnen. 
 
 abferdiche[‘~~~], pp abgferdicht, to give the 
 finishing touch, rebuff, send about one’s 
 business. G abfertigen. 
 
 abfahre[*~~], pp abgfahre, to start to drive 
 away, haul away. G abfahren. 
 
 abfall[‘~], m, offal, remnant, leavings. G 
 Abfall. 
 
 abfalle[*~~], pp abgfalle, to fall off, apostatize, 
 lose flesh. G abfallen. 
 
 abfange[*~~], pp abgfange, to learn by covert 
 observation, intercept. G abfangen. 
 
 abfaule[*~~], pp abgfault, to rot off. G ab- 
 faulen. 
 
 abfeddre[*~~], pp abgfeddert, sich, to moult. 
 G abfedern. 
 
 a~ bfehle = 4befehle. 
 
 abfeile[“~~], pp abgfeilt, to file off. G ab- 
 feilen. 
 
 abfeje[* ~~], pp abgfekt, to scrub off, hurry 
 away; sich —, to become exhausted from 
 over-exertion. G abfegen. 
 
 abfiehre[“~~], pp abgfiehrt, to lead away, 
 carry off (as water), purge. G abfiihren. 
 
 abfitze[*~~], pp abgfitzt, to whip (with a rod). 
 G abfitzen. 
 
 abfladdre[*~~], pp abgfladdert, to fly away 
 slowly. G abflattern. 
 
 abflieje[*~~], pp abgflojje, to fly off. G 
 abfliegen. 
 
 abfliesse[“~~], pp abgflosse, to flow off. G 
 abfliessen. 
 
 abflitsche[*~™~], pp abgflitscht, to fly off (as 
 an ax or a stone from the surface of water), 
 cut off in thin slices. G ab+flitzen. 
 
 abfiuche[‘~~], pp abgflucht, eens, to utter a 
 string of profanity. G ab-+fluchen. 
 
 abgerwe[*~~], pp abgegerbt, to tan (skins), 
 thrash, flog. G abgerben. 
 
 abgang[‘~], m, side passage, 
 Abgang. 
 
 abgawwle[*~~], pp abgegawwelt, to unload 
 grain or hay with a fork, branch off (as a 
 road). G abgabeln. 
 
 abgeeschle[*~~], pp abgegeeschelt, to horse- 
 whip. G abgeisseln. 
 
 abgeh*[*"], pp abgange, to start, come off, 
 pass off. G abgehen. 
 
 abgelebt[“~"], worn out. G abgelebt. 
 
 abgelumpt[*~™~], lean and scurvy (of cats). 
 G ab+(ver)lumpen. 
 
 abgemaust[*~~], said of an old worn-out cat. 
 G ab+mausen. 
 
 abgemolke[*~~~], said of a cow when it is 
 nearly dry. G abmelken. 
 
 abgetterei[‘~~*], f, idolatry. G Abgétterei. 
 
 abgettisch[*~~], idolatrous. G abgdéttisch. 
 
 abgewehne[*~~~], pp abgewehnt, to wean. 
 G abgewohnen. 
 
 abgewinne[*~~~], pp abgewunne, to win or 
 gain from. G abgewinnen. 
 
 abgezehrt[*~~], emaciated. G abgezehrt. 
 
 abgezettelt[*~~~], cutand dried. Gabzetteln. 
 
 egress. G 
 
| Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 3 
 
 abgiesse[* ~~], pp abgschitt (abgegosse rare), 
 to pour off. G abgiessen. 
 
 abglense[*~~], pp abgeglenst, to be deflected 
 by some obstruction, glance off. G ab- 
 glanzen. 
 
 abglette[*~~], pp abgeglett, to smooth. G 
 abgletten. 
 
 abglitsche[*~~], pp abgeglitscht, to slide off, 
 slip off. G abglitschen. 
 
 abgloppe[*~~], pp abgegloppt, to knock off, 
 beat off, flog. G abklopfen. 
 
 abglore[* ~~], pp abgeglort, to clear off, clarify. 
 G abklaren. 
 
 abgnappere[*~~~], pp abgegnappert, coire. 
 G ab+knappen. 
 
 abgnawwere|[* ~~~], pp abgegnawwert, to gnaw 
 off. G abknabbern. 
 
 abgnewwle[*~™], pp abgegnewwelt, to tie 
 bundles (of rye straw) with a gnewwel. 
 G ab+knebeln. 
 
 abgnicke[*~~], pp abgegnickt, to pinch off 
 (flowers, buds). G abknicken. 
 
 abgnippe[*~~], pp abgegnippt, to unbutton, 
 tie knots in yarn. G abkndépfen, abkniip- 
 
 fen. 
 
 abgott[*~], m, idol. G Abgott. 
 
 abgratze[*~~], pp abgegratzt, to scratch or 
 scrape off. G abkratzen. 
 
 abgrawe[’~~], pp abgegrawe, to dig off, re- 
 move by digging. G abgraben. 
 
 abgreische[*~~], pp abgegrische, sich der hals, 
 to scream oneself hoarse. Gab-+kreischen. 
 
 abgrimmle[*~~], pp abgegrimmelt, to crumble 
 (off). G abkriimeln. 
 
 abgritzle[“~~], pp abgegritzelt, to scribble a 
 copy of. G abkritzeln. 
 
 abgrund[*~], m, precipice, abyss. G Ab- 
 grund. 
 
 abgrutze[*~~], pp abgegrutzt, to cut poorly, 
 mar by cutting. Gab+dGkrutzen, krozze. 
 
 abgscherre[*~™~], pp abgscherrt, to take the 
 harness from a horse. G ab-+Geschirr. 
 Cf abscherre. 
 
 abgschmackt[*™], tasteless, absurd. G ab- 
 geschmackt, 
 
 _ abgschtumpt[*~], stumpy, worn off. G ab- 
 gestumpft. . 
 
 abgucke[’~~], pp abgeguckt, to learn by look- 
 ing on or by stealth. G abgucken. 
 
 abhacke[*~~], pp abkackt, to chop off. G 
 abhacken. 
 
 abhalte[*~~], pp abkalte, to keep off or away, 
 hold (as court). G abhalten. 
 
 abhandle[*~~], pp abkandelt, to get (rid of) 
 
 by trading, purchase, discuss. G ab- 
 handeln. 
 abhang|[*~], m, slope. G Abhang. 
 
 abharriche[*~~~], pp abkarricht, to ascertain 
 by listening. G abhorchen. 
 
 abhechle[*~~], pp abkechelt, to scold, crit- 
 icise. G abhecheln. 
 
 abheele[*~~], pp abkeelt, to heal, form a scab. 
 G abheilen. 
 
 abheere[*~~], pp abkeert, to grant a hearing, 
 overhear. G abhoren. 
 
 abheere, abhoore[’~~], pp abkeert, sich, to 
 shed the coat. G abhaaren. 
 
 abheile[‘~~], pp abkeilt, eens, to cry. G 
 abheulen. 
 
 abhelfe[*~~], pp abkolfe, to give redress. 
 G abhelfen. 
 
 abhelle[“~~], pp. abkellt, to clear (of the 
 weather). G abhellen. 
 
 abhenke|*~~], pp abkonke, to unhook, take 
 down or off, slope. Gabhangen, abhangen. 
 
 abhenkich[{*~~], sloping (also abhenkisch), 
 dependent. G abhingig. 
 
 abhewe[*~~], pp abkowe, to lift off. G 
 abheben. 
 
 abhole[*~~], pp abkolt, to fetch, call for. G 
 abholen. 
 
 abhowwle[*~~], pp abkowwelt, to plane off. 
 G abhobelin. 
 
 abhupse[*~~], pp abkupst, to hop off or away. 
 
 G abhupse. 
 
 a™biete|~~~], pp A°gebotte, to offer, make a 
 first bid. G anbieten. 
 
 a~bieting[~~~], f, offer. G Anbietung. 
 
 a~binne[~~~], pp A°gebunne, to tie fast, hitch 
 (a horse) to a post, wean (a calf). G 
 anbinden. 
 
 a~binnrieme[~~~~], m, tie-strap. G Anbinde- 
 riemen. 
 
 abjaje[*~~], pp abgejakt, to drive away has- 
 tily, wrest from, cheat. G abjagen. 
 
 abjoche[*~~], pp abgejocht, to unyoke. G 
 abjochen. 
 
 abkerze[‘~~], pp abgekerzt, to shorten, ab- 
 
 breviate. G abkiirzen. 
 
 abkerzung[*~~], f, abbreviation. G Ab- 
 kiirzung. 
 
 abkerzungszeeche[*~~~~], n, apostrophe, 
 
 dash. G Abkiirzungszeichen. 
 
 abkafe[’~~], pp abgekaft, to buy (from). G 
 abkaufen. 
 
 abkappe[*~~], pp abgekappt, to give a quick 
 retort, reprimand. G abkappen. 
 
 abkehre[*~~], pp abgekehrt, to sweep off. G 
 abkehren. 
 
 abkeime[*~~], pp abgekeimt, to remove 
 sprouts (from potatoes). G ab-+keimen. 
 
 abkeltre[“~~], pp abgekeltert, to draw off 
 wine, cider or vinegar from the lees. G 
 abkeltern. 
 
 abkeppe[*~~], pp abgekeppt, to decapitate. 
 G abkoépfen. 
 
 abkiehle[*~~], pp abgekiehlt, to refrigerate, 
 cool. G abkiihlen. 
 
 abkoche[*~~], pp abgekocht, to boil, parboil. 
 G abkochen. 
 
 abkumme[*~~], pp abkumme, to get off, 
 escape. Gabkommen. 
 
 ablade|*~~], pp abgelade, to unload. G ab- 
 laden. 
 
 ablaf[*~], m, sluice, overflow. G Ablauf. 
 
 ablafe[* ~~], pp abgeloffe, to run off, drop off, 
 run down, turn aside, start off. G ab- 
 laufen. 
 
 A~blanse[~~™~], pp A°geblanst, to begin to plant, 
 plant: en bungert —. G anpflanzen. 
 
4 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 4“blaudre[*~~], pp 4°geblaudert, to persuade 
 (some one) to buy or accept (something). 
 G an+plaudern. 
 
 ablaure[*"~], pp abgelauert, to watch for, 
 
 lie in wait for, listen in secret. Gablauern. 
 
 ablause[*~~], pp abgelaust, to gain a thing by 
 craft or sharp practice. dG ablausen. 
 
 ableddre[‘~~], pp abgeleddert, to give a good 
 flogging. G abledern. 
 
 ableejele[*~~~], pp abgeleejelt, to deny, shift 
 blame to another. G ableugnen. 
 
 ablehne[*~~], pp abgelehnt, to refuse, deny. 
 G ablehnen. 
 
 ableie[*~~], pp abgelejje, to be idle tempor- 
 arily. Lit. trans. of E lay (lie) off. 
 
 a~bleiwe[*~~], pp a°gebliwwe, to remain in 
 place. G anbleiben. 
 
 ableje[‘~~], pp abgelekt, to cast aside, dis- 
 charge (temporarily). G ablegen. 
 
 ablese[*~~], pp abgelese, to read off, pick off, 
 recite. G ablesen. 
 
 a™blick[~~“], m, aspect, sight. G Anblick. 
 
 a*blicke[~“~~], pp a°geblickt, to behold, look 
 at. Ganblicken. 
 
 a~blinsle[*~~], pp A°geblinselt, to blink or 
 wink at. G anblinzeln. 
 
 ablos[*~], m, shallow ditch across a road to 
 turn off the water, thank-you-ma’am. G. 
 Ablass. | 
 
 a~blose[~~~], pp 4geblose, to start by blow- 
 ing, blow upon. G anblasen. 
 
 abloss[*~], m, allowance. G Ablass. 
 
 ablosse[*~~], pp abgelosst, to leave off, grant 
 leave, rebate. G ablassen. 
 
 abluchse[*~~], pp. abgeluchst, to get by 
 trickery or cheating. G abluchsen. 
 
 a“bluje[“~~], pp A°geblukt, to turn first 
 furrow. G anpfliigen. 
 
 abmache[*~~], pp abgemacht, to mow, cut 
 
 down, cut (grain), take off from. G 
 abmachen. 
 
 abmaehe[*~™], pp abgemaeht, to cut off with 
 a scythe. Gabmahen. 
 
 abmerricke[*~~~], pp abgemerrickt, to mark 
 off. Gab-+merken. 
 
 abmertre[*~~], pp abgemertert, to plague, 
 
 worry. G abmartern. 
 
 abmatte[*~~], pp abgematt, to tire (some one) 
 out. Gabmatten. 
 
 abmeessle[* ~~], pp abgemeesselt, to chisel off, 
 chip off. G abmeisseln. 
 
 abmelke[*~~], pp abgemolke, to milk (a cow) 
 dry, milk (a cow) just after calving; 
 abgemolke, said of a cow that is dry. G 
 abmelken. 
 
 abmesse[*~~], pp abgemesse, to measure off, 
 survey. G abmessen. 
 
 abmole[*~~], pp abgemolt, to copy a picture, 
 draw. Gabmalen. 
 
 abmoschdere[*~~~], pp abgemoschdert, to tap 
 off vinegar. Gab+Moster. 
 
 abmunkle[*~~], pp abgemunkelt, to prevari- 
 cate (in a matter). Gab-+munkeln. 
 
 abnemme|[*~™~], pp abgenumme, to take from, 
 become less, waste away, amputate, photo- 
 
 graph, wane (of the moon), grow shorter 
 (of the days); nix —, to refuse to accept 
 any compensation; im "—(n)de, i in the wane 
 of the moon. G abnehmen. 
 
 abnemmes|[*~~], abnemmede[*~~™], n, miras- 
 mus, waning, wastingaway. dGabnemme. 
 
 abnewwle[*~~], pp abgenewwelt, to lift (of a 
 fog), clear off. G abnebeln. 
 
 A” bohre[~ ~~], pp 4°gebohrt, to tap, bore. G 
 
 anbohren. 
 
 abpalde[*~~], abgepalde, to keep off: der hut 
 —. Gabbehalten. 
 
 abpare[* ~~], pp abgepart, to pair off. G ab- 
 paaren. 
 
 abpetze[*~~], pp abgepetzt, to pinch off; eens 
 —-, to take a nip (drink). Gab+dG petze. 
 
 abquaele[*~~], pp abgequaelt, sich, to over- 
 work, fret, worry. G abqualen. 
 
 Abraham, Awerham|[* ~*~], m, Abraham. G 
 Abraham. 
 
 abrahme[*~~], pp abgerahmt, to take the 
 cream from milk. G abrahmen. 
 
 abrame[*~~], pp abgeramt, to clear off (a 
 table). G abraumen. 
 
 abranke[*~~], pp abgerankt, to clear away 
 superfluous shoots on vines or plants. G 
 abranken. 
 
 abrapple[*~~], pp abgerappelt, to rattle off. 
 Lit. trans. of E rattle off. 
 
 a~breche[~~~], pp 4°gebroche, to make a hole 
 in (a case or package), break open. G 
 anbrechen. 
 
 abreche[*~~], pp abgerecht, to rake off. G 
 abrechen. 
 
 abrechle[*~~], pp abgerechelt, to square ac- 
 counts, deduct. G abrechnen. 
 
 abreeche[*~~], pp abgereecht, to hand over. 
 G abreichen. 
 
 abreese, abreise[*~~], pp abgereest, to go on 
 a journey, depart. G abreisen. 
 
 abreisse[*~~], pp abgerisse, to tear off, part, 
 tear down, demolish; sich — vun, to leave. 
 G abreissen. 
 
 abreiwe[*~~], pp abgeriwwe, to rub off, ab- 
 rade. G abreiben. 
 
 a“ brenne[~~~], pp 4-gebrennt, to ignite, burn 
 fast to the kettle in cooking. Ganbrennen. 
 
 abrenne[*~~], pp abgerennt, to knock off in 
 running: sich’s harn —. G abrennen. 
 
 abrichte[*~~], pp abgericht, to train, teach 
 animals tricks, arrange. G abrichten. 
 
 a~briehe[*~~], pp A°gebrieht, to scald, steep. 
 G anbriihen. 
 
 Abrill[’*], m, April; in der — schicke, to 
 play an April fool prank. G April. 
 
 abrillekalb[-*~~], n, April fool. G April+ 
 Kalb. 
 
 a“bringe[*~~], pp a -gebrocht, to tell, report, 
 make use of. G anbringen. 
 
 abrinne[*~~], pp abgerunne, to run off, drain, 
 drip. G abrinnen. 
 
 abriss[*~], m, plan, 
 Abriss. 
 
 abritsche[*~~], pp abgeritscht, to slip, slip 
 from, glide from. dG abritsche. 
 
 design, diagram. G 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 5 
 
 a*brockle[~~~], pp a gebrockelt, to begin to 
 chip; di supp —, to put crumbs in soup. 
 
 - Gan-+brockeln. 
 
 abrode[*~~], pp abgerode, to dissuade. G 
 abraten. 
 
 a~brode[~~~], pp a gebrode, to stick to the 
 pan in frying. Ganbraten. 
 
 abrolle[*~~], pp abgerollt, to roll from or off, 
 unroll. G abrollen. 
 
 abroppe[*~~], pp abgeroppt, to pick off, pluck. 
 G abrupfen. 
 
 abroschde[*~~], pp abgeroscht, to rust off. G 
 abrosten. 
 
 a~bruch[~~], m, break (of day). G Anbruch. 
 
 abrufe[* ~~], pp abgerufe, to call off, proclaim. 
 G abrufen. 
 
 a~brumme|[~*~~], pp 4°gebrummt, to growl at. 
 G anbrummen, 
 
 abrunde[*~~], pp abgerundt, to round off. G 
 abrunden. 
 
 abrutsche[*~~], pp abgerutscht, to slip off, 
 wear the nap off. G abrutschen. 
 
 absaddle[*~~], pp abgsaddelt, to unsaddle. G 
 absatteln. 
 
 absaeje[’~~], pp abgsaekt, to saw off. G 
 absagen. 
 
 absaje[*~~], pp abgsat, to refuse, decline, 
 reject, revoke. G absagen. 
 
 Absalam[*~~], m, Absalom. G Absalom. 
 
 absatz[*~], m, heel, ledge, pause, stop, para- 
 graph, sale of goods. G Absatz. 
 
 absaufe[*~~], pp abgsoffe, to weaken by 
 sucking. G absaufen. 
 
 abschaele[*~~], pp abgschaelt, to peel off; 
 sich —, to get out of doing something, 
 evade. G abschialen. 
 
 abscherfe[’~~], pp abgscherft, to taper. G 
 abscharfen. 
 
 abscherre, abgscherre[*~~], pp abgscherrt, to 
 take the harness from a horse. G ab+ 
 Geschirr. 
 
 abscherre[*~~], pp abgscherrt, to scratch off 
 or away. G abscharren. 
 
 abschaffe[*~~], pp abgschafft, to get rid of, 
 do away with, dispose of, repeal, discon- 
 tinue; sich —, to work to excess. G 
 abschaffen. 
 
 abschaume, abschaéme[*~~], pp abgschaumt, 
 to take scum from liquids in boiling. G 
 abschaumen, 
 
 abschawe[*~~], pp abgschabt, to scrape off, 
 abrade. G abschaben. 
 
 abschei[*"], m, horror, abhorrence, disgust, 
 hatred. G Abscheu. 
 
 abscheilich[“*~], abominable, detestable. G 
 abscheulich. 
 
 abscheppe[*~~], pp abgscheppt, to shovel off, 
 take away from a liquid, skim off. G 
 abschépfen. 
 
 abschere[*~~], pp abgschore, to cut off with 
 scissors. G abscheren. 
 
 abschicke[*~~], pp abgschickt, to discharge, 
 sack (a beau). G abschicken. 
 
 abschiddsbreddich[*~~™~], f, farewell sermon. 
 G Abschiedspredigt. 
 
 abschied[*~], m, departure. G Abschied. 
 
 abschiesse[*~~], pp abgschosse, to fire off; 
 abgschosse, faded. G abschiessen. 
 
 abschiewe|* ~~], pp abgschowe, to push off the 
 sheaf from a dropper or self-rake reaper, 
 postpone; sich —, to leave hastily. G 
 abschieben. 
 
 abschinne[*~~], pp abgschunne, to flay, fag 
 out, overwork. G abschinden. 
 
 abschissich{’ ~~], steep. G abschiissig. 
 
 abschitte[*~~], pp abgschitt, to pour off. G 
 abschiitten. 
 
 abschittle[*~~], pp abgschittelt, to shake off, 
 shake out (a rug). G abschiitteln. 
 
 abschlachde[*~™], pp abgschlacht, to slaughter. 
 G abschlachten. 
 
 abschlajje[*~~], pp abgschlajje, to knock off, 
 pronounce an article sold at a vendue; 
 ’s wasser —, to urinate. G abschlagen. 
 
 abschlamse[*~~], pp abgschlamst, to slope, 
 taper. Gab-+dG schlamsen. 
 
 abschlecke[*~~], pp abgschleckt, to lick off. 
 G abschlecken. 
 
 abschleefe[*~~], pp abgschleeft, to drag off, 
 wear off by dragging. G abschleifen. 
 
 abschleiche[*™~], pp abgschliche, to sneak 
 away. G abschleichen. 
 
 abschleife[*~~], pp abgschliffe, to grind off, 
 polish. G abschleifen. 
 
 abschlenkre[*~~], pp abgschlenkert, to shake 
 off. G abschlenkern. 
 
 abschliesse[*~~], pp abgschlosse, to covenant, 
 make an agreement. G abschliessen. 
 
 abschlippe[*~~], pp abgschlippt, to slip off, 
 steal away. G abschliipfen. 
 
 abschlofe[*~~], pp abgschlofe, to sleep off 
 (the effects of rainy G abschlafen. 
 
 abschmeisse[*~~], pp abgschmisse, to throw 
 off, deduct. dG abschmeissen. 
 
 abschmelse[*~ “], pp abgschmolse, to melt off, 
 drop down in consequence of melting. G 
 abschmelzen. 
 
 abschnappe, abschnappe[* ~~], ppabgschnappt, 
 to give a curt reply. G abschnappen. 
 
 abschneide[*~~], pp abgschnidde, to cut off, 
 shear, amputate. G abschneiden. 
 
 abschnelle[*~~], pp abgschnellt, to fling off, 
 snap the chalk-line in hewing timber. G 
 abschnellen. 
 
 abschnitt[*~], m, section. G Abschnitt. 
 
 abschnitzle[*~~], pp abgschnitzelt, to whittle 
 off. G abschnitzeln. 
 
 abschpale[*"~], pp abgschpalt, to hew logs 
 roughly, break off in spalls. G abspalten. 
 
 abschpiele[*~~], pp abgschpielt, to play off, 
 pretend, shirk. Lit. trans. of E play off. 
 
 abschpinne[*~~], pp abgschpunne, to spin off; 
 eens —, to tella yarn. G abspinnen. 
 
 abschpreche[*~~], pp abgschproche, to refuse, 
 deny, dissuade. G absprechen. 
 
 abschprenge[*~~], pp abgschprengt, to blast 
 off, force off, cause to break or fly off, 
 cause to leave hastily. G absprengen. 
 
 abschpringe[*~™”], pp abgschprunge, to leap 
 or start suddenly, chip off. G abspringen. 
 
6 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 abschraekse[*~~], pp abgschraekst, to bevel. 
 G abschragen. 
 
 abschrauwe|* ~~], pp abgschraubt, to unscrew. 
 G abschrauben. 
 
 abschrecke[*~~], pp abgschreckt, to scare off, 
 intimidate; sich net leicht — losse, to be 
 not easily intimidated. G abschrecken. 
 
 abschreiwe[* ~~], pp abgschriwwe, tocopy. G 
 abschreiben. 
 
 abschrift[*~], f, transcript, copy. G Ab- 
 schrift. 
 
 abschritte[*~~], pp abgschritt, to pace off. 
 G abschreiten. 
 
 abschterme[*~~], pp abgschtermt, to chase 
 away. G abstiirmen. 
 
 abschterwe[‘~~], pp abgschtarwe, to die, die 
 out. G absterben. 
 
 abschterze[*~~], pp abgschterzt, to fall off 
 or down. G abstiirzen. 
 
 abschtamme[*~~], pp abgschtammt, to de- 
 scend from. G abstammen. 
 
 abschtampe[*~~], pp abgschtampt, to stamp 
 off. G abstampfen. 
 
 abschtatte[*~~], pp abgschtatt, dank, to thank. 
 G abstatten. 
 
 abschtawe[*~~], pp abgschtabt, to remove 
 dust from. G abstauben. 
 
 abschtecke[*~~], pp abgschteckt, to mark off 
 with stakes. G abstecken. 
 
 abschteh™[*"], pp abgschtanne, to stand at a 
 distance, begin to spoil, lose taste, turn flat, 
 die away (of plants), abstain. Gabstehen. 
 
 abschtehle[* ~~], pp abgschtohle, to steal from, 
 sneak away. G abstehlen. 
 
 abschteije[* ~~], pp abgschtijje, to alight (from 
 a vehicle), dismount. G absteigen. 
 
 abschtelle[*~~], pp abgschtellt, to unload, 
 postpone; sich —, to stand at a distance. 
 G abstellen. 
 
 abschtennich|*~~], showing signs of decay: 
 en-er bam. dG abstehnig. 
 
 abschtickle[*~~], pp abgschtickelt, to set 
 stakes. Gab+dG schtickel. 
 
 abschtimme[*~~], pp abgschtimmt, to put to 
 a vote, vote down. G abstimmen. 
 
 abschtolpere[*~~~], pp abgschtolpert, to stum- 
 ble away. Gab-+stolpern. 
 
 abschtoppe[*~~], pp abgschtoppt, to stop, 
 shut off. G abstoppen. 
 
 abschtrecke[*~™~], pp abgschtreckt, to meas- 
 ure, step off. G abstrecken. 
 
 abschtreiche[*~~], pp abgschtriche, to brush 
 away, level a measure of grain. G ab- 
 streichen. 
 
 abschtrijjele[*~~~], pp abgschtrijjelt, to curry. 
 G abstriegeln. 
 
 abschtrippe|*~~], pp abgschtrippt, to strip off; 
 sich —, tochangeclothes. dGab-strippe. 
 
 abschtrofe[*~~], pp abgschtroft, to punish, 
 reprimand. G abstrafen. 
 
 abschtubbe[*~~], pp abgschtubbt, to wear off 
 (by stubbing), poke off (with a stick). G 
 abstupfen. 
 
 abschuss[*~], m, declivity. G Abschuss. 
 
 abschwarte|* ~~}, pp abgschwaArt, to saw slabs 
 
 from a log, take the rind from pork, give 
 a beating. G abschwarten. 
 
 abschweere|[* ~~], pp abgschwore, to swear off, 
 vow to discontinue, renounce. G ab- 
 schworen. 
 
 abschwenke[*~~], pp abgschwenkt, to rinse. 
 G abschwenken. 
 
 abschwetze[*~™], pp abgschwetzt, to dissuade. 
 G abschwatzen. 
 
 absehne[*~~], pp abgsehne, to learn by ob- 
 serving. G absehen. 
 
 abselutt[~~*], abselut[~~*], absolutely, insist 
 upon, by all means. G absolut. 
 
 absenat[~~~], obstinate, stubborn, difficult to 
 please, fastidious, finical. dG absenat 
 < obstinat. 
 
 -absenke[*~~], pp abgsenkt, to singe off. G 
 
 absengen. 
 
 absenkle[*~~], pp abgsenkelt, to plumb. G 
 absenkeln. 
 
 absetz[*~], m, heel. Cf absatz. 
 
 absetze[*~~], pp abgsetzt, to dismiss, dis- 
 charge. G absetzen. 
 
 absicht|*~], f, design, purpose. G Absicht. 
 
 absichtlos|*~~], undesigning. G absichtlos. 
 
 absinge[*~~], pp abgsunge, eens, to sing (a 
 tune). G absingen. 
 
 absitze[*~~], pp abgsotze, to sit at a distance, 
 wear (the seat of trousers). G absitzen. 
 
 absuckle[*~~], pp abgsuckelt, to suck off. 
 ab+dG suggeln. 
 
 abtrinni(s)ch[*~~], apostate, disloyal. G ab- 
 triinnig. 
 
 abverdiene[*~ ~~], pp abverdient, to earn off a 
 debt by working. G abverdienen. 
 
 abwarne|*~~], pp abgewarnt, to warn to keep 
 away. G abwarnen. 
 
 abwarte[*~~], abgew4art, to wait at table, 
 nurse. G abwarten. 
 
 abwarter[*~~], m, waiter, nurse <abwéarte. 
 
 abwartern, abwertern[*~~], f, female nurse, 
 waitress <abwarte. 
 
 abwartung, abwadarting[*~~], f, attendance, 
 nursing. G Abwartung. 
 
 abwechsel[*~~], m, change. G Abwechsel. 
 
 abwechsle[*~~], pp abgewechselt, to inter- 
 change, alternate. G abwechseln. 
 
 abwechslung[*~~], f, variety, change. G Ab- 
 wechslung. 
 
 abweede[* ~~], pp abgeweedt, to graze on, crop 
 the pasturage close. G abweiden. 
 
 abwehre[*~~], pp abgewehrt, to urge against 
 doing FE vA ey ward off. G abwehren. 
 
 abweiche[* ~~], pp abgeweicht, to depart from, 
 digress, stray, deviate. G abweichen. 
 
 abweise[* ~~], pp abgewisse, to turn some one 
 away, make a show of oneself, show off. 
 G abweisen; in last two meanings a trans. 
 of E show off. 
 
 abweiser|*~~], m, a shallow ditch across a 
 road. G Abweiser.. 
 
 abwek[*"], m, by-road, wrong road. G Ab- 
 
 weg. 
 abwelke[*~~], pp abgewelkt, to wither (and 
 fall off). G abwelken. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 7 
 
 abwende, abwenne[*~~], pp abgewendt, to 
 avert. G abwenden. 
 
 abwennich[*~™], alienated, disinclined, op- 
 posed. dG abwennig. 
 
 abwesche[*~™~], pp abgewesche, to wash off. 
 G abwaschen. 
 
 abwetze[*~~], pp abgewetzt, to wear away by 
 whetting. G abwetzen. 
 
 abwichse[*~~], pp abgewichst, to flog. G 
 abwichsen. 
 
 abwickle[*~~], pp abgewickelt, to unwind, un- 
 coil, unravel. G abwickeln. 
 
 abwieje[*"~], pp abgewoje, to weigh, weigh 
 for retail. G abwiegen. 
 
 abwische[*~~], pp abgewischt, to wipe off, 
 clean, dust. G abwischen. 
 
 abwischer[*~™], m, wiper, duster. G Ab- 
 wischer, 
 
 abwitsche[*~~], pp abgewitscht, to slide, slip 
 or glide off, slip away. dG abwitsche. 
 
 abwohne, abwuhne[’~~], pp abgewohnt, to 
 live at a distance. G abwohnen. 
 
 abzaehle[*~~], pp abgezaehlt, to count off, 
 deduct, count out, rattle off, tell; des 
 kannscht der an der finger —, you might 
 know that. G abzahlen. 
 
 abzerkle[*~~], pp abgezerkelt, to mark off 
 with a pair of compasses, measure very 
 exactly. G abzirkeln. 
 
 abzahne[*~~], pp abgezahnt, to shed the milk- 
 teeth. G abzahnen. 
 
 abzame[*~~], pp abgezamt, to unbridle. G 
 abziumen. 
 
 abzanke[*~~], pp abgezankt, to scold, upbraid. 
 G abzanken. 
 
 abzappe[*~~], pp abgezappt, to tap, bottle. 
 
 abzapfen. 
 
 abzehre[*~~], pp abgezehrt, to become thin. 
 G abzehren. 
 
 abzettle[*~~], pp abgezettelt, to finish with, 
 dismiss abruptly. G abzetteln. 
 
 abzieje[*~~], pp abgezojje, to remove, skin, 
 flay, deduct, abstract. G abziehen. 
 
 abzoppe[’~~], pp abgezoppt, to pull off by 
 slight jerks. G abzupfen. 
 
 abzuck[*~], m, deduction, discount. G Ab- 
 
 zug. 
 
 abzwacke[*~™~], pp abgezwackt, to extort. G 
 abzwacken. 
 
 abzwinge[*~~], pp abgezwunge, to extort. G 
 
 abzwingen. 
 ach[{~], oh! Gach. 
 achs[~], achsel[*~], f, axle. G Achse. 
 achsel|*~], f, shoulder. G Achsel. 
 
 acht[~], achte[*~], eight; heit iwwer acht dak, 
 this day week. The cardinals from 4 to 9, 
 also 11 and 12, add the ending -e when 
 used substantively: es sin achte vun uns, 
 es is schunn achte. G acht. 
 
 acht[~], eighth. G achte. 
 
 acht[~], f, m, care, attention, esteem; in 
 — nemme, to take care of, bear in mind; 
 — gewwe, to be careful, beware; ken — uff 
 ebbes hawwe, to pay no attention to a 
 thing, not to notice. G Acht. 
 
 achtdaksuhr[~~"], f, eight day clock. G 
 Achttags-Uhr. 
 
 achte, achde[*~], pp geacht, to esteem, mind, 
 heed. G achten. 
 
 acht || eckich[*~~], octagonal; -jaehrich[* ~~], 
 eight years old; -zeh[’ "], eighteen; -zeht[* 7], 
 eighteenth. 
 
 achtel, achdel/*~], n, eighth (part). G Achtel. 
 
 achter[*~], en, the figure 8, eight spot (in 
 cards). G Acht. 
 
 achtich[*~], careful. G acht+ig. 
 
 achting, achding[*~] gewwe, to be careful. 
 dG achding. Cf achtung. 
 
 achtlos[*"], careless, indifferent. G achtlos. 
 
 achtsam|[*~], heedful, attentive. G _ acht- 
 sam. 
 
 achtung[*~], f, esteem. G Achtung. 
 
 achtzich[*™], eighty. G achtzig. 
 
 achtzischt[*~], eightieth. G achtzigst. 
 
 acker[*~], m, acre. G Acker. 
 
 ackerbau[*~"], m, agriculture. G Ackerbau. 
 
 a~dacht[~~], f, devotion, attention. G An- 
 dacht. 
 
 a~derre[~~~], pp 4 gedezrrt, to dry fast to. 
 G andorren. 
 
 adarn[*~], m, horehound. G Andorn. 
 
 adder|*~], f, order, condition, state. G 
 Ordnung. 
 
 adder[*™~], command, order(s), order for goods. 
 G Ordre. 
 
 adderbrieschder[*~~~], m, priest who is a 
 member of an order. G Ordenpriester. 
 
 addere[*~~], pp geaddert, to order, give a 
 command, give a business order. (Formed 
 from above nouns.) 
 
 a“dechtich[~~~], devotional, 
 andachtig. 
 
 a“deel[*"], n, part. G Anteil. 
 
 a“deite[“~~], pp A’gedeit, to signify, hint. 
 
 MG andeuten. 
 
 Adem{[*~], m, Adam. G Adam. 
 
 ademsappel[~~~~], m, Adam’s apple. G 
 
 . Adamsapfel. 
 
 Adem-un-Eva, putty-root, Adam-and-Eve. 
 Trans. from E. 
 
 a“denke, A~denkes[~~~], n, remembrance, 
 memento, keepsake. G Andenken. 
 
 adje, hatje[““], goodbye. G adieu. 
 
 adler[~~], m, eagle, the whole kernel of half a 
 walnut or hickorynut; — roppe, to remove 
 such kernels. G Adler. 
 
 4“ draje[~~~], pp agedraje, to inform on, give 
 information secretly. G antragen. 
 
 a” drede[~ ~~], pp 4°gedrede, to put in motion 
 with the feet. G antreten. 
 
 a~dreffe[~~~], pp a°gedroffe, to meet (with), 
 come across. G antreffen. 
 
 a“drehe[~~~], pp 4°gedreht, to turn on (as a 
 light). G andrehen. 
 
 4~dreiwe[~~~], pp A°gedriwwe, to start driv- 
 ing, urge, carry on. G antreiben. 
 
 a~dresche[~~~], pp A gedrosche, to begin 
 threshing (generally as to first round with 
 flails). G andreschen. 
 
 attentive. G 
 
8 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 4“du*[*"], pp Aa’gedu’, to put on, dress; sich 
 
 —,todress. Gantun. 
 Advent[-*](v =f), m, Advent. G Advent. 
 aehnlich[~~], similar, alike. G ahnlich. 
 
 aehnlichkeit[~~"], f, resemblance. G Ahn- 
 
 lichkeit. 
 
 aehr|"], f, head of grain. G Ahre. 
 
 eer["], he; rarely used as a mark of respect in © 
 
 addressing a person, usually a clergyman. 
 When not stressed in a sentence, especially 
 in a question, it is pronounced er[~] and 
 in pronunciation is joined to the preceding 
 word like an enclitic: kann er lese= 
 kanner lese? wann zr mitwill=wanner 
 mitwill. Ger. 
 ger-[~], inseparable prefix of verbs and derived 
 words. Ger-. 
 eerbeermlich[’ ~~], miserable. G erbarmlich. 
 erbarme, zrbérme[“*~], pp zrbarmt, sich, 
 to have pity, have mercy. G erbarmen. 
 serbeer[*"], abeer[**], f, strawberry. G Erd- 
 beere. 
 erbell* “4, 
 erbel. 
 eerbfeind[*~], m,arch-enemy. G Erbfeind. 
 aiken a contagious, hereditary. G erb- 
 lich. 
 eerblicke[“’~], pp erblickt, to catch sight of. 
 G erblicken. 
 zrblos[~~], childless. 
 
 errebel[*~~], f, strawberry. dG 
 
 G erbenlos. 
 
 serblosser[~~~], m, testator. G Erben+ 
 lassen. 
 gerbs["], errebs[*~], f, pea. G Erbse. 
 
 serbschaft[~~], f, inheritance. G Erbschaft. 
 
 eerbse || supp[~~~], f, pea-soup; -zaehler[~~ ~~], 
 m, demented person. 
 
 eerd["], f, earth, world. G Erde. 
 
 erd || appel[“~~~], m, Jerusalem artichoke; 
 -balle[~~~], m, globe; -bebung, -bewung 
 
 ~~], f, earthquake; -deel[* 7], n, part of 
 
 the earth; -(e)schooss[*~"], m, (lap of) the 
 earth; -fleeh[~"], pl, flea-beetles; -geischt 
 [~"], m, gnome; <licht[~~], lichtel[“~~], n, 
 jack-o’-lantern, ignis fatuus; -reich[~"], n, 
 globe; -scholle|[~~~], m, clod, lump of earth; 
 -schpijjel[~~~], m, semaphora; <schtreiss 
 {[-“"], pl, trailing arbutus, gravel plant; 
 -schwamm|[~*~], m, mushroom. 
 
 eerde[~~], earthen. G irden. 
 
 serdeklooss[*~~], m, clod. G Erdenkloss. 
 
 erdich[~~], earthy, earthly. G erdig. 
 
 grdisch{*~], earthly. G erdig. 
 
 erfahre[~*~], pp zrfahre, to learn, experience; 
 —, versed, adept. G erfahren. 
 
 eerfahrung|~*~], f, experience. G Erfahrung. 
 
 eerfille[“*~], pp ezrfillt, to fulfill. G erfiillen. 
 
 eerfilling|~*~), f, fulfillment. G Erfiillung. 
 
 eerfinder[~*~], m, inventor. G Erfinder. 
 
 eerfindung[~*~], f, invention. G Erfindung. 
 
 erfinne[~*~], pp zrfunne, to invent. G er- 
 finden. 
 
 eerfoddre[~*~], pp ezrfoddert, to require. G 
 
 erfordern. 
 serfolk[~*], m, result, event. G Erfolg. 
 
 eerfreie[’~~], pp rfreit, to make glad. G 
 erfreuen. 
 
 eerfrische[“’~], pp erfrischt, to refresh. G 
 erfrischen. : 
 
 erfrischung[’*~], f, recreation, refreshment. 
 G Erfrischung. 
 
 gergewwe[‘~], pp zrgewwe, sich, to devote 
 oneself, surrender, be resigned. Gergeben. 
 
 ergreife[-~~], pp ezrgriffe, to seize, compre- 
 hend. G ergreifen. 
 
 eergreiflich[’~~], comprehensible. 
 flich. 
 
 eergreifung[~*~], f, comprehension. 
 greifung. 
 
 ergrinde[~’~], pp ezrgrindt, to fathom, find 
 out. G ergriinden. 
 
 erhalte[“’~], pp zrhalte, to support, main- 
 tain, preserve. G erhalten. 
 
 erhaltung [~*~], f, maintenance, preservation. 
 G Erhaltung. 
 
 erheehe[“*~], pp zrheeht, to exalt. G er- 
 hdhen. 
 
 eerheiere[*~~], pp zrheiert, to obtain by 
 marrying. G erheiraten. 
 
 erhewer[~~~], m, elevator belt of a flouring 
 mill. G Erheber. 
 
 erhole[“*~], pp zrholt, sich, to recover. G 
 erholen. 
 
 erholung[~*~], f, recovery. G Erholung. 
 
 erinnere|~*~~], pp zrinnert, sich, to remem- 
 ber, recollect. G erinnern. 
 
 erinnerung|[~*~~], f, reminiscence, memento, 
 recollection. G Erinnerung. 
 
 gerjer[’~], m, vexation, fury. G Arger. 
 
 eerjer[* “]; eerrijer[*~~], worse. G 4rger. 
 
 erjere[*~~], pp gezrjert, to vex, irritate; 
 sich —, to be vexed. G 4rgern. 
 
 serjerlich{’~~], irritable, provoking, vexatious, 
 vexed. G 4rgerlich. 
 
 G ergrei- 
 G Er-- 
 
 eerjernis[*~~], f, vexation, irritation. G Ar- 
 gernis. 
 
 erkenne[~’~], pp zerkennt, to recognize. G 
 erkennen. 
 
 eerkennung[~*~], f, recognition. G Erken- 
 nung 
 
 erkindiche( *~~], pp erkindicht, sich, to 
 inquire. G erkiindigen. 
 
 eerklaere[“~~], pp zerklaert, to explain, avow. 
 G erklaren. 
 
 eerklaerung[~~], f, avowal, explanation. G 
 
 Erklarung. 
 erlabnis[~~~], f, permission. G Erlaubnis. 
 
 erlange|~*~], pp erlangt, to attain, acquire, 
 
 obtain. G erlangen. 
 
 eerlawe[“~~], pp «rlabt, to allow, permit. G 
 erlauben. 
 
 erlawing[~~], f, permission. G Erlaub+ 
 ung. 
 
 eerlebnis|“~~], f, experience. G Erlebnis. 
 
 serleese[“~~], pp zrleest, to save, redeem. G 
 erldsen. 
 
 serleeser[~~~], m, redeemer. G Erléser. 
 
 erleesung[’~~], f, redemption. G Erlésung. 
 
 erleheck[ ~~~], f, box elder. G Erle+Hecke. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 9 
 
 erleichte[“~~], pp zrleicht, to illuminate. G 
 erleuchten. 
 
 eerleichtere[“~~~], pp erleichtert, to lessen, 
 lighten. G erleichtern. 
 
 eerleide|[~*~], pp zrlitte, to suffer, undergo. G 
 erleiden. 
 
 erlewe[“*~], pp zrlebt, to experience, go 
 through with. G erleben. 
 
 erlieje[“~~], pp zrlojje, to trump up lies. G 
 erliigen. 
 
 etlosse[-*~], pp zerlosst, toremit. Gerlassen. 
 
 grmahne[~*~], pp ermahnt, to exhort, remind. 
 G ermahnen. 
 
 ermahnung[~*~], f, remonstrance, exhorta- 
 tion. G Ermahnung. 
 
 germel[’~], m, sleeve. G Armel. 
 
 zermelloch[*~~], n, sleeve-hole. G Armelloch. 
 
 germer[*~], armer[~~], poorer. G drmer. 
 
 zrmle[*~], pp geermelt, to hug. G Arm. 
 
 germlich[*~], poorly. G armlich. 
 
 zermscht[~], 4rmscht["], poorest. G 4rmst. 
 
 zrmuntere|~*~~], pp ermuntert, to encourage. 
 G ermuntern. 
 
 ermvollweis[*~"], by armfuls. 
 weise. 
 
 ern, ernt|~], f, harvest. G Ernte. 
 
 ern{[~]=cren. Geer ihn, er einen. 
 
 gernaehre, annaehre[~~~], pp zrnaehrt, to 
 support; sich —, to subsist, live, make a 
 living. G erndhren. 
 
 gern || appel[*~~], m, harvest-apple; -bred- 
 dich[*~~], f, harvest thanksgiving sermon; 
 zkichelche[*~~~], mn, doughnut; -feld[*~], 
 n, harvest field; -keerrich[*~~], f, harvest 
 home service. 
 
 eernde[*~], pp gezernt, to harvest. 
 
 eerneire|[~~ 
 neuern. 
 
 eerniedriche[~*~~], 
 G erniedrigen. 
 
 gernscht[~], m, earnest, 
 earnest. G Ernst. 
 
 eernschthaft[*~], sincere, serious, earnest. G 
 ernsthaft. 
 
 zrnschtlich[*~], ardently, seriously, earnestly. 
 G ernstlich. 
 
 gerns || leit[*"], pl, 
 harvest time. 
 
 eerntfescht[*~], n, harvest home. 
 
 G armvoll- 
 
 G ernten. 
 “], pp erneiert, to renew. G er- 
 
 pp erniedricht, to humble. 
 
 seriousness; adj, 
 
 harvesters; -zeit[*"], f, 
 
 G Erntefest. 
 
 gerquicke[~*~], pp erquickt, to refresh, 
 quicken. 2 aa 
 gerquickung[~*~], f, recreation, refreshment. 
 
 G Erquickung. 
 
 zerr[“], confused; — sei, to be confused; 
 — werre, to become confused. G irre. 
 
 gerreeche[~~~], pp zrreecht, to attain. G er- 
 reichen. 
 
 eerreitte[~~~], 
 erretten. 
 
 errgeh™(*"], pp errgange, to go astray. G 
 irregehen. 
 
 ertrgraut[*"], n, rattlesnake-plantain. G Irre 
 +Kraut. 
 
 errichte[“’~], pp zrricht, to establish, dis- 
 pose. G errichten. 
 
 pp errett, to save, rescue. G 
 
 eerrickscht[*~], eerkscht[“], worst. G 4Argst. 
 serschaffe[“*~], pp ezrschafft, to create. G 
 erschaffen. 
 
 gerscheine[~“*~], pp zrscheint, to appear. G 
 erscheinen. 
 
 erscheinung[*~~], f, G Er- 
 scheinung. 
 
 gerschleiche[~*~], pp zrschliche, to obtain by 
 slow movements or delay. G erschleichen. 
 
 gerschpare[~ ~~], pp zrschpart, to save. 
 ersparen. 
 
 gerschrecklich[~*~], terrible, horrible. G er- 
 schrecklich. 
 
 gerschtaune[~*~], pp zrschtaunt, to astonish; 
 sich —, to be surprised. G erstaunen. 
 
 eerschtaunlich” “~], surprising. G erstaun- 
 icn. 
 
 erschteije[““~], pp zrschtijje, to scale. G 
 ersteigen. 
 
 zerschticke[~*~], pp eerschtickt, to suffocate. 
 G ersticken. 
 
 Gaetan tN Gh: terribly, awfully. G ersetz- 
 ich. 
 
 appearance. 
 
 zersuche[~*~], pp zrsucht, to beseech. G 
 ersuchen. 
 
 eerwache[~*~], pp zrwacht, to waken. G 
 erwachen. 
 
 erwaehle[~*~], pp zrwaehlt, to elect. G er- 
 wahlen. 
 
 erwarte[’~~], pp zrwart, to expect, await, 
 wait for. G erwarten. 
 
 zrwe|~~], pp geerbt, to inherit. G erben. 
 
 eerwecke[~~~], pp zrweckt, to rouse. G er- 
 wecken. 
 
 eerweitre[““~], pp erweitert, to widen. G 
 erweitern. 
 
 gerwer[~~], m, heir. G Erbe. 
 
 erwet[~~], zerrewet[*~™], f, work, labor, em- 
 ployment, trouble; sich an di — mache, to 
 get to work; di— schaffe, to do the chores. 
 G Arbeit. 
 
 e1z[],n, ore. G Erz. 
 
 eerzaehle[~~~], pp zrzaehlt, to tell (rare). G 
 erzdhlen. Cf verzaehle. 
 
 eerzaehler[“~~], m, narrator. G Erzahler. 
 
 eerzaehlung[~~~], f, narration. G Erzahlung. 
 
 alguna “], pp erzojje, to breed. G erzie- 
 
 en. 
 
 zerzphilischder{~~~~]EH, m, consummate ped- 
 ant. G Erzphilister. 
 
 a~fackle[~~~], pp A°gfackelt, to start some- 
 thing. G anfackeln. 
 
 a~ferrichde[*~~~], pp A gferricht, to draw 
 the first furrows through a field in starting 
 to plow, draw furrows through a plowed 
 field for planting (corn or potatoes). G 
 anfurchen. 
 
 a~fahre[~~~], pp A gfahre, to drive ahead, 
 speak gruffly to. G anfahren. 
 
 a*falle[~~~], pp a°gfalle, to fall upon, attack. 
 G anfallen. 
 
 a*fang[~~], m, beginning, origin. G Anfang. 
 
 a~fange[~~~], pp Agfange, to begin, com- 
 mence. G anfangen. 
 
 a~fangs(*~], at first, in the beginning, at the 
 present time, as things are now; es werd 
 
IO The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 — so..., it is getting to beso.... 
 G anfangs. 
 
 4~fasse[~~~], pp 4°gfasst, to take hold of. G 
 anfassen. 
 
 a~faule[~~~], pp 4gfault, to begin to rot. G 
 anfaulen. 
 
 a~fechte, A~fechde[~~~], pp A°gfochte, to at- 
 tack, fight, quarrel, tempt (by the devil). 
 G anfechten. 
 
 A4~fechtung, 4~fechding[~~~], f, controversy, 
 quarrel, contention (usually legal). G 
 Anfechtung. 
 
 A~feichte[~~~], pp A°gfeicht, to moisten. G 
 anfeuchten. 
 
 a~feile[~~~], pp A°gfeilt, to begin to file. G 
 anfeilen. 
 
 a~feinde[~~~], pp A gfeindt, to antagonize. 
 G anfeinden. 
 
 a~feire[~~~], pp A°gfeiert, to light, set on fire, 
 inspire. G anfeuern. 
 
 a~fenger[~~~], m, beginner. G Anfanger. 
 
 aff[-], m, ape, monkey, silly person. G Affe. 
 
 affegsicht|*~~], n, mask, ugly face. G Affen- 
 gesicht. 
 
 a™fiedre[~~~], pp A gfiedert, to improve by 
 good feeding. G anfiittern. 
 
 a~fiehle[~~~], pp A°gfiehlt, to feel at, touch. 
 G anfihlen. 
 
 a~fiehles[~~~], n, sympathy, feeling for. G 
 Anftihlen. 
 
 a~fiehre[~~~], pp A°gfiehrt, to lead, deceive, 
 disappoint, quote, cite. G anfiihren. 
 
 a“fiehrung[~~~], f, citation, deception. G 
 Anfihrung. 
 
 a*fille[~~~], pp a°gfillt, to fill. G anfiillen. 
 
 a~fingre[~~~], pp 4°gfingert, to touch, handle. 
 G anfingern. 
 
 a“flicke[*~~], pp 
 anflicken. 
 
 a“fransle[~~~], pp 4 gfranselt, to set with 
 fringe. G anfransen. 
 
 a“fratze[*~~], pp Aagfratzt, to accost in an 
 overbearing manner. G an-+Fratze. 
 
 a“fresse[~~~], pp 4 gfresse, to gnaw at. G 
 anfressen. 
 
 a“froje[“~~~], pp Agfrokt, to make inquiry 
 about. G anfragen. 
 
 after|*~], mn, posteriors, buttock, anus. G 
 After. 
 
 aftergscherr[*~~], n, quilor harness (the dis- 
 tinctive parts of which were a wide breech- 
 ing and side or under-belly straps connected 
 with the collar so as to enable horses to 
 hold back a load better in going down hill). 
 G After+Geschirr. 
 
 a“gaffe[~~~], pp A-gegafft, to gape at. G 
 angaffen. 
 
 a~gebore[~~~~], inborn, innate, hereditary, 
 intuitive. G angeboren. 
 
 a~gebott|~~~], m, first bid (at a public sale). 
 G Angebot. 
 
 a~gedu“~[~~"], clothed, dressed: gut —. G 
 angetan. 
 
 a“geh*[~"], pp Agange, to begin, take fire, 
 
 a°gflickt, to patch. G 
 
 rave, concern; sell geht dich nix 47, that 
 is none of your business. G angehen. 
 
 a~ geheere[~~ ~~], pp 4°geheert, to pertain. 
 angehoren. 
 
 a~geld[~~], n, earnest money, retainer. G 
 Angeld. 
 
 a~gelejes[~~~~], mn, yearning, concern. G 
 Anliegen. 
 
 a~ gelejje[~~~~], solicitous, concerned for. G 
 angelegen. 
 
 a~genehm[~*~~], agreeable, delightful, wel- 
 come. G angenehm. 
 
 a~ genehmlicherweis[~~ ~~ ~~ ], in an agreeable 
 manner. G angenehmlicher Weise (Note 
 survival of genitive ending after -lich). 
 
 a~gesicht[~~~], n, face. G Angesicht. 
 
 a~gewachse|*~~~], liver-grown. G angewach- 
 sen, 
 
 a~ gewehne[~~~~], pp 4°gewehnt, to accustom; 
 
 sich ebbes —, to contract a habit. G an- 
 gewohnen. 
 a~gewehnet[~~~~], f, habit. G Angewohn- 
 
 heit, Angewohnung. 
 
 a~gewwel~ ~~], pp A’ gewwe, to suggest, report, 
 lodge information against, make a com- 
 plaint, make a declaration; sich — als, 
 to claim to be. G angeben. 
 
 a” gfriere, 4“friere[~~~], pp a°gfrore, to freeze 
 fast to. Ganfrieren. 
 
 a~glaje[“~~], pp a°geglakt, to accuse. G an- 
 klagen. 
 
 a*gleede[~ ~~], pp A-gegleedt, to clothe, dress. 
 G ankleiden. 
 
 a~gloppe[~~~], 
 
 anklopfen. 
 
 a~gnarre[~~~], pp A°gegnarrt, to snarl at. G 
 anknurren. 
 
 a~gnawwre[~~~], pp 4°gegnawwert, to nibble 
 at, gnaw. G anknabbern. 
 
 a~gnippe[~~~], pp A°gegnippt, to button on, 
 tie on. G ankniipfen. 
 
 a~graunse[~~~], pp A°gegraunst, to address 
 in a gruff manner. G angrunzen. 
 
 a~greife[~~~], pp A-gegriffe, to grasp hold on, 
 attack, assail. G angreifen. 
 
 a~greifer[~~~], m, attacker. G Angreifer. 
 
 a~greische[~~~], pp A gegrische, to scream at. 
 G ankreischen. 
 
 a” grieje[~~~], pp Avgrickt, to get on (an 
 article of clothing), put on. G ankriegen. 
 
 a~ griff[~~], m, attack. G Angriff. 
 
 a~gritzle[~~~], pp Agegritzelt, to scribble on. 
 G ankritzeln. 
 
 a~ gschtalt[~~], m, manner of doing anything, 
 action, move: so’n -! — mache, to prepare, 
 get ready. GAnstalt. Cf aschtalt. 
 
 a~ gschteckt[~~], infected. G angesteckt. 
 
 a~gschtoche[*~~], worm-eaten. G angestoch- 
 
 pp 4-gegloppt, to knock (at). 
 
 en. 
 
 4~ gschwelle[~~~], pp A°gschwolle, to begin to 
 swell. G anschwellen. 
 
 a~gsehne[*~~], respected: gut —. G an- 
 gesehen, 
 
 a~gucke[*~~], pp a geguckt, to look at. G 
 angucken. ' 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary II 
 
 Aguscht[~*], m, 
 August. 
 Aguscht{[~~], m, Augustus. G August. 
 » 4h[], ah! oh! also exclamation of satis- 
 faction. G ah. 
 aha*[>*], pea G aha. 
 a“ha~[*~], y 
 avhacke[=~"], “pp a°kackt, to chop into, hoe 
 vegetables. G anhacken. 
 a“hafte[~~~], pp a’kaft, to cling to (especially 
 evil consequences). G anhaften. 
 a“halte[~~~], pp a kalte, to persevere, stop. 
 G anhalten. 
 4“haltend[~~~], continuous (Note rare use of 
 present participial ending). G anhaltend. 
 a“hang[~~], m, adherence, appendage. G 
 Anhang. 
 a~harriche[~~~~], pp A°karricht, to listen to, 
 take advice, heed. G anhorchen. 
 a~hawwe[~~~], pp a’katt, to wear (of clothes). 
 G anhaben. 
 a~heele[~~~], pp akeelt, to heal (together, 
 on). G anheilen. 
 a~heemle[*~~], pp 4°*keemelt, to remind (one) 
 of home, make (one) feel at home, have a 
 longing for home. G anheimeln. 
 a~heemlich[*~~], homelike, comfortable. G 
 anheimelnd. 
 a“heere[~~~], pp akeert, to listen to, heed, 
 perceive by listening. ’G anhéren. 
 a*helfe[~~~], pp a°kolfe, to help (a person) 
 put on an article of clothing. G anhelfen. 
 a~henge[~~~], pp akonke, to adhere to. G 
 anhangen. Cf ahenke. 
 a~henger, 4~henker[~~™], m, adherent, follow- 
 er. G Anhanger. 
 a~hengisch, A~henkisch[~~~], 
 sticky. G anhingig. 
 Aa*henke[*~~], pp 4-kenkt, A°konke, to hang 
 on, put on, append, adhere, form as fruit on 
 tree or vine or as potatoes on the roots, 
 transmit a disease; eeni—, totella lie. G 
 anhangen. 
 a~hetze[~~~], A°ketzt, to incite. G anhetzen. 
 a~hewe|~~~], pp a-kowe, to start to lift, lift, 
 hold on to. G anheben. 
 Aa~hitze[“~~], pp akitzt, to heat, warm up. 
 G anheizen. 
 ahne[~~], pp geahnt, to suspect, dream of, 
 think of. Gahnen. 
 ahning[~~], f, inkling. G Ahnung. 
 ahorn[‘~](rare), m, maple. G Ahorn. 
 ai[~~], well! my goodness! Gi. 
 aje || appel[~~~~], m, pupil of the eye; -bletz- 
 lich[~~~~], immediately; -blick[*~~], mo- 
 ment; -blicklich["~’~], instantly, momen- 
 tarily: -braue|[~~~~], pl, eyebrows; -deckel 
 +~~~1 m, eyelid; -dokter[~~~~], m, oculist; 
 zheitel[~~~~], n, cataract(of the eye); -hoor 
 ip nea Ss eyelash; zluscht[~~™~], f, delight to 
 the eye; -mos[*”], n, estimate | taken by the 
 eye, eyesight; -scheinlich["~~~], evident; 
 -schpijjel, schpickel[*~~*[, schpiel[*~~], m, 
 spectacle, tragic sight, any phenomenon, 
 act or result of an act held up as a visita- 
 
 (month of) August. G 
 
 tenacious, 
 
 ~~ 
 
 tion of Providence or warning to evil-doers; 
 -wasser[~~~~], n, tears; -zah™[*~"], m, eye- 
 tooth; -zeije[~~~~], m, eye-witness. 
 
 ajjel, achel|* “], f, awn. G Achel. 
 
 ak["], n, pl 4je, eye (of human beings, animals 
 and many plant-roots and tubers); ebbes 
 im — hawwe, to have some foreign sub- 
 stance in the eye, have something in view, 
 watch something. G Auge. 
 
 4~kemmling|[*~~], m, new-comer. G An- 
 k6mmling. 
 
 a~kette[~~~], pp A°gekett, to chain fast. G 
 anketten. 
 
 a~kindiche[~~~~], pp A°gekindicht, 
 nounce, notify. G ankiindigen. 
 
 akkediere[’ ~~~], pp akkediert, to make an 
 agreement, agree, get along with, dicker. 
 G akkordieren. 
 
 a~klach[~~], m, complaint. G Anklag. 
 
 a~klewe, a~glewe[~~~], pp a°geklebt, to paste 
 on, fasten to by sticking on, adhere, cleave 
 to. Gankleben. 
 
 a~kneppe[~~~], pp 4°gekneppt, to button on. 
 G anknopfen. 
 
 a~kumme[~~~], pp 4° kumme, to arrive; gut 
 —-, to prosper; druff —, to depend on; es 
 
 to an- 
 
 druff — losse, to take a chance. G an- 
 kommen. 
 a~lache[~~™], pp a gelacht, to smile, attract. 
 anlachen. 
 a~laf[~"], m, starting run. G Anlauf. 
 a™lafe[~~~], pp a°geloffe, to form a mist ona 
 
 surface, dim. G anlaufen. 
 
 a“lande[~~~], pp a gelandt, to land, arrive. 
 G anlanden. 
 
 a“lange[~~~], pp 
 anlangen. 
 
 a~ eee n, longing, yearning. G An- 
 angen 
 
 Albrechtsleit{*~ J, pl, followers of Jacob 
 Albright later known as the Evangelical 
 Association. 
 
 aldar, altar[*~], aldor[~*], m, altar, communion 
 table. G Altar. 
 
 a~leie[~ ~~], pp a gelejje, to be solicitous, have 
 (something) at heart. G anliegen. 
 
 aleje[“"~], pp a gelekt, to commence, put 
 grain in place preparatory to thrashing, go 
 in with a will, invest. G anlegen. 
 
 Aagelangt, to arrive. G 
 
 a~lieje[~~~], pp Aa gelojje, to belie. G an- 
 ligen. 
 all[-], all, every; — nix, all in vain, all off; 
 
 -€ dak, every day; di supp is —, there is 
 no more‘soup. Gall. 
 
 allau~[*"], m, alum. G Alaun. 
 
 allbekannt|* ~~], notorious. G allbekannt. 
 
 alldaksgleeder[*"~~], pl, everyday clothes, 
 working clothes. dG alldagsig+Kleider. 
 
 alldewek|~ ~~], all the way, the whole distance. 
 G all den Weg. 
 
 alldiweil[* ~~], dare this time, all the time, 
 certainly: es is — schlimm. G all die 
 Weile. 
 
 co orate everyday. dG all- 
 
 alee” re aay alone. G allein. 
 
12 The Pennsylvania-German Soctety 
 
 allee~ || handel[-*~~], m, monopoly; 
 [~~~], n, state of being alone. 
 
 alleenich[~*~], alone. G allein-+ig. 
 
 allegebott[- ~~~], allgebott[-~*], every now and 
 then. dG allebott (bott=Partie, game; 
 alle bott =every game, every time). 
 
 alleheck[*~~], f, alder (brush). G Aller+ 
 Hecke. 
 
 allekur[*~~], f, Canadian moonseed. Galle+ 
 Kur. 
 
 Allemengel[*’~~], name applied in colonial 
 times to the northwestern part of Lehigh 
 county because of the dire need of the early 
 settlers. G alle-+Mangel. 
 
 allemno[’~*], evidently, it would seem, 
 everything considered. G allem nach. 
 
 allemol[’’"], every time; (in responses like) 
 amen, most assuredly. G alle-+ Mal. 
 
 aller || errickscht[-~*~], worst of all; -bescht 
 {~~*], best of all; -erscht[-~*], the very first; 
 <feinscht|’~~], finest of all; -greescht[-~*], 
 largest of all; -hinnerscht[~*~], last of all, 
 hindmost; -letscht[~~~], last of all; -liebscht 
 [~~], dearest, most of all; des is mers —, I 
 like that most of all;-naekscht [“~*], nearest 
 of all; most likely, presumably; -vedderscht 
 [-~*~], foremost of all; -wiescht[“~*], ugliest 
 of all, worst of all. 
 
 allerdings[*~~], sure enough, to be sure, of 
 course. G allerdings. 
 
 allerhand[*~~], all sorts of, many kinds of; 
 various things. G allerhand. 
 
 Allerheilichi[-~~~~],f£, All Saints’ Day (Nov. I). 
 G Allerheiligen. 
 
 Allerheil un (aller) Seel, All Saints’ and All 
 Souls’ Days (Nov. 1 and 2). 
 
 allerlei, allerlee[*~"], of various kinds, all 
 sorts. G allerlei. 
 
 allesmenanner[~~~*~], everything. G alles+ 
 miteinander. 
 
 alleweil, anneweil[~~*], just now, now, a 
 moment ago. dG alleweil. 
 
 allfert[*~], always, constantly. G_ aillfort. 
 Cf alsfert. 
 
 all || gebreichlich[*~~~], universal, customary; 
 egemee~, -gemei~, -gemein[*~™], com- 
 mon(ly), universal; -iwwer[*~~], every- 
 where, in all parts; -mechtich[~~~], 
 almighty, very; -menanner[~~*~], all, 
 altogether; -wissend[*~~], omniscient; 
 -zamme|~*~], altogether, all at one time; 
 -zeit|* "|, always, ever. 
 
 allidaksblumm|*~ ~~], f, impatiens sultans. 
 
 allowe[*~~], aloe. G Aloe. 
 
 almose(*~~], pl, alms, church collection. G 
 Almosen. 
 
 A“locke[~~~], pp 4-gelockt, to allure, entice. 
 G anlocken. 
 
 A“losse[~~~], pp 4 gelosst, to let on,’ pretend. 
 G anlassen. 
 
 als[“], always, still, continue(d) to, in the 
 habit of, be accustomed to, used to; while; 
 than, as, but; — noch, still, yet; — un —, 
 onandon. Gals. 
 
 alsdann[~*], then. G alsdann. 
 
 -sei~ 
 
 alsemol[~~*], sometimes. dG alsemol. 
 alsfert[’~], always, constantly. dG als furt. 
 also[’"], that is. G also. 
 alsodillwarzel[-~*~~], f, asohodel. G Affodill 
 +Wurzel. 
 alt[“], old, stale. Galt. 
 
 : avait m, age; vun-s her, (from) of old. 
 
 Iter. 
 alter[*~], mei“, my old man, my husband, my 
 beau. G Alter. 
 altermann(sschtock)[*~*~], m, southern wood. 
 G alter+Mann-+Stock. 
 alterschwech[*~~], f, infirmity of old age. G 
 Alterschwache. 
 
 alterweiwerglawe[~~*~~~], m, superstition, a 
 granny’s belief. G Altweiberglauben. | 
 alterweiwersummer|’~*~~~ ], m, Indian sum- 
 
 mer. G Altweibersommer. 
 
 alt || frankisch[*~~], old-fashioned; -gro[*7], 
 hoary; -guckich[*~~], having an old look, 
 aged, old-fashioned; <licht[*~], n, last 
 phase of the moon; -melkich[*~~], nearly 
 dry (of cows); -werre[*~~], n, state of 
 growing old: des — is ken gschpass. 
 
 alti[*~], mei~,my old woman, my wife, my 
 sweetheart. G Alte. . 
 
 altifra[-~*], f, common mugwort. G alte+ 
 Frau. 
 
 altimaed|~~*], f, youth-and-old-age (plant). 
 
 am[~]=an em, at the, onthe. Used with all 
 the tenses of the verb sei” + the infinitive 
 of any verb to form the progressive form of 
 that verb: ich bin — schaffe, ich war — 
 schaffe, ich bin — schaffe gewest, &c. 
 Thus every verb in the dialect (except sei”) 
 has the past progressive form, while sei” is 
 the only verb which has the simple form 
 in the past indicative. Also used to form 
 the predicate superlative: -— _ beschde, 
 — schlimmschde. 
 
 a~mache[*~~], pp a gemacht, to mix, light 
 (a fire); sich — bei ebber, to get into some 
 one’s good graces. G anmachen. 
 
 a~maehe[*~~], pp A°gemaeht, to begin mow- 
 ing, mow around the field with the cradle 
 to make a way for the reaping machine. 
 G anmihen. 
 
 a*merricke[~~~~], pp 4° gemerrickt, to mark 
 down, make a note of. G anmerken. 
 
 ambos[*~], m, anvil. G Ambos. 
 
 amen|™“], amen. Amen. 
 
 amerelle[~~*~], f, morello (cherry). G Am- 
 arelle. 
 
 Amerika[~*~~], n, America. G Amerika. 
 
 amerikanisch|~~~*~], American. G amefi- 
 kanisch. 
 
 a“messe[~~~], pp A°gemesse, to take a person’s 
 measure for clothing. G anmessen. 
 
 amet[*~] =ohmet. 
 
 Amisch[*~], Amish. 
 
 amme[*~]=an me, ata. Gan einem. 
 
 ammenot[*~~], ammenent[*~~], somewhere; 
 — anneschicke, to send to some place; 
 — sunscht, elsewhere. G an einem Ort. 
 
 amschel[*~], f, robin, thrush. G Amsel. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 13 
 
 Ammerieli{-’*~], n, Mary Ann. 
 Marie+-li. 
 
 amt, ampt[~], n, office. G Amt. 
 
 amts || mann[*~], m, official; -verweser [*~ ~~], 
 m, administrator. 
 
 an[~], at, on, along, by, in, of, to. Gan. 
 
 G Anna+ 
 
 a” naehe[~- Sayed “genaeht, to sew on. G 
 annahen. 
 a~najjele[*~~~], pp A genajjelt, to nail on. 
 
 G annageln. 
 
 Andann(i)[*~~], m, Anthony. G Anton. 
 
 andem|[*~], (very) likely, presumably. 
 dem. 
 
 andivdi[~*~], andivi[’~~]=endivvi(v=f), mm; 
 wilder —, chicory. G Endivie. 
 
 andlich, arndlich[’~], decent. G ordentlich. 
 
 Andres|*~], m, Andrew. G Andreas. 
 
 Andreasdak[*~~~], m, St. Andrew’s Day (Nov. 
 30). G Andreastag. 
 
 a~nemme[~~~], pp @agenumme, to accept, 
 receive, engage, put up with, suppose, 
 adopt, take (as paint), join. G annehmen. 
 
 anenanner[*~~~], together, fastened together. 
 G aneinander. 
 
 angel[*~], f, fishhook, hinge of a door, sting 
 of an insect, awn (of grain). G Angel. 
 
 angeliga[~*~~], angelica (plant). G Angelika. 
 
 angle[*~], pp geangelt, to fish. G angeln. 
 
 ankel|*~], f, nape of the neck, back of the 
 
 neck. dG ankel. 
 
 ankel, onkel[*~], m, uncle. G Onkel. 
 
 anker[*~], m, anchor. G Anker. 
 
 ankere[*~~], pp geankert, to anchor. G 
 ankern. _ 
 
 anne[*~]=hi~, thither: wu geschde —? nau” 
 sehn emol eener —! dGanne. For anne- 
 basse, annegeh” and all other compounds 
 of anne see the corresponding compounds 
 
 ~ under hi. Nearly every compound with 
 hi’ has a corresponding compound with 
 anne, and with the same meaning in each 
 case. 
 
 Annemaria, Annemareia[~~~*~], f, Ann Mary. 
 G Anna Marie. 
 
 anner[’~], other. G ander. 
 
 annermol[*~~], another time. G andermal. 
 
 annerscht|*~], anneschder[*~~], otherwise, dif- 
 ferent. dGannerscht, G anders. 
 
 anre[*~]=an re, ata. Gan einer. 
 
 Gan 
 
 ans[“]=an es, at the, to the: — Kellers, at 
 Keller’s house. G ans. 
 anschtatt(s)[*~], instead of. G anstatt. 
 
 antwart[’~], f, answer, reply, response. G 
 Antwort. 
 
 antwarte[*~~], pp geantwart, to answer, reply, 
 respond. G antworten. 
 
 antwartlich[*~~], amenable. G antwortlich. 
 
 a*packe[~~~], pp 4°gepackt, to grasp roughly, 
 
 seize. G anpacken. 
 4~palde[~~~], pp A°gepalde, to keep on (asa 
 coat). G anbehalten. 
 
 a”picke[“~~], pp a gepickt, to peck at: di 
 vejjel dun di kersche —. G anpicken. 
 
 aposchdel[~*~], m, apostle. G Apostel. 
 
 Apostelg(e)schichte[-*~~~~], f, Acts of the 
 Apostles. G Apostelgeschichte. 
 
 appel[*~], m, pl eppel, apple; eppel breche, to 
 pick apples. G Apfel. 
 
 appel || bam[*~~], m, apple-tree; -grutze [*~~™], 
 m, core of an apple. 
 
 applich{* “], dappled. G apfelig. 
 
 aprigos|~ ~~], f, apricot. G Aprikose. 
 
 aprigosebam|[~~*~~], m, apricot-tree. 
 kosenbaum. 
 
 a” raffe[*~~], pp A~gerafft, to tackle something 
 with might and main. Gan--raffen. 
 
 aran[~~], Indian turnip. G Aron. 
 
 a“ranke[*~~], pp a-gerankt, to take hold of 
 
 by means of tendrils. G anranken. 
 
 ranne[~~~], pp 4°gerannt, to roar at, growl 
 
 at. Gan-+raunen. 
 
 a~ranse[~~~], pp 4°geranst, to speak gruffly to. 
 G anranzen. 
 
 aranszwiwwel[*~~~], f, 
 
 G Apri- 
 
 = 
 
 a 
 
 Indian turnip. G 
 
 Arons+Zwiebel. 
 ardickel[“*~], m, article, object. G Artikel. 
 ardning[*~], f, order. G Ordnung. 
 a*rede[~~~], pp Ageredt, to address. G 
 
 anreden. 
 
 a“reihe[~~~], pp a°gereiht, to baste; sich —, 
 to fallin rank. G anreihen. 
 
 a“reisse[~~~], pp A-gerisse, to take a part of 
 a thing for use, tear into, use part of. G 
 anreissen. 
 
 a“reiwe[~~~], pp A°geriwwe, to ignite by 
 rubbing, rub (with liniment). G anreiben. 
 
 a*reje[~"~], pp a gerekt, to touch. G an- 
 regen. 
 
 4*retze[~~~], pp 4-geretzt, to accost in a surly 
 manner, goad on, incite. G anreizen. 
 
 a“richtdisch[~~~], m, dresser, kitchen table 
 for dishes. G Anrichtetisch. 
 
 a*richte[~~~], pp a gericht, to stir up, cause, 
 put dinner on the table, cause trouble. G 
 anrichten. 
 
 a“rieche[~~~], pp A geroche, to detect by 
 smelling, smell at. G anriechen. 
 
 a~riehre[~~~], pp ageriehrt, to touch, mix by 
 stirring. G anrthren. 
 
 arjel[*~], f, organ. G Orgel. 
 
 arjel || schpieler[*~"~], m, organist; -schtuhl 
 *~"], m, organ-stool. 
 
 arjets, erjets[*~], somewhere. G irgends. 
 
 arm[~], 4rm[7], m, arm. G Arm. 
 
 arm|[~], Aarm["], arrem[*~], poor. G arm. 
 
 armedei[’~~], f, poverty. G Armetei. 
 
 armee[~*], f, army. G Armee. 
 
 arme || haus[*~"], n, poor-house; 
 {*~-~], m, poor director. 
 
 armer[*~], en, a pauper. G Armer. 
 
 arm(e)slang[*~~], alle, every minute, every 
 little while: di kinner kumme alle — un 
 bloje em. G armslang? More probably 
 P ameslang=amenslang, long enough to 
 say amen. 
 
 armschtuhl[*], m, armchair. G Armstuhl. 
 
 armselich[“~~], poor, needy, paltry. G arm- 
 selig. 
 
 armsleng[*~], f, length of anarm. G Armes- 
 lange. 
 
 armut[*], f, poverty. G Armut. 
 
 armvoll{*~], m, armful. G Armvoll. 
 
 -(p)flejer 
 
14 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 aronszwiwwel[*~~~], f, jack-in-the-pulpit. G 
 Arons+Zwiebel. Cf 4ranszwiwwel. 
 
 a~roppe[~~~], pp a-geroppt, to begin to pick. 
 G anrupfen. 
 
 Aa“roschde[~~~], pp A geroscht, to rust fast. 
 G anrosten. 
 
 a“rote[~~~], pp A°gerote, to advise, counsel. 
 G anraten. 
 
 arrentschzwiwwel[*~~~], f, Indian turnip, 
 jack-in-the-pulpit. Arrentsch is a corrup- 
 tion for G Arons, mistaken for E orange; 
 +G Zwiebel. Cf dronszwiwwel. 
 
 arrich[*~], f, ark. G Arche. 
 
 arrick, arrich[*~], bad, uncommon; very; ich 
 bin — far kuche, I am very fond of cake. 
 G arg. 
 
 arrickscht[*~], worst. G 4rgst. 
 
 arsch[{"], m, arse, posterior, buttocks, butt-end 
 of an egg; du sottscht dich in deiW — nei” 
 schemme, you ought to be heartily ashamed 
 of yourself. G Arsch. 
 
 arsch || backe[*~~], m, buttock; -kerb[*~], 
 m, buttock. G Arschkerbe; -loch[{*~], n, 
 anus, 
 
 a*rufe(~~~], pp 4°gerufe, to call upon, appeal 
 to. Ganrufen. 
 
 arznei|[~~], f, medicine. G Arznei. 
 
 as[~]=als, as, but; =das, which, who (rel pr); 
 zr macht — wanns kalt waer; leit — nix 
 ze du’ hen. Cf als, ass, das, dass. 
 
 a~saeje[~~~], pp Agsaekt, to begin cutting 
 with a saw. G ansdgen. 
 
 a*saje[~~~], pp a gsat, to announce, notify, 
 bring word, say how many (in the game of 
 datte). G ansagen. 
 
 a“saufe[~~~], pp a gsoffe, sich, to start on a 
 spree, begin to feel jolly (from drink). 
 G ansaufen. 
 
 a*schaele[~~~], pp A-gschaelt, to begin to 
 peel. G anschalen. 
 
 4“schaffe[~~~], pp a°gschafft, to acquire, pro- 
 cure, provide. G anschaffen. 
 
 Aa“schaue[~~~], pp 4gschaut, to look at, view, 
 behold. G anschauen. 
 
 aschbe[*~], f, aspen. G Aspe. 
 
 asche, esche[*~], f, ash-tree. G Asche. 
 
 a~schein[~~], m, appearance, indication. G 
 Anschein. 
 
 a“scheinlich[~~~], apparent, evident. G an- 
 scheinlich. 
 
 Aschermittwoch[’~*~], m, Ash Wednesday. 
 G Aschermittwoch. 
 
 a~schicke[*~™~], pp 4-gschickt, sich, to behave, 
 make ready, act (as if). G anschicken. 
 
 a*“schiesse[~~~], pp A°gschosse, to announce 
 or welcome by shooting: es neijohr —. 
 G anschiessen. 
 
 a~schlack[*~], m, placard, posted statement. 
 G Anschlag. 
 
 a~schlaek[~~], pl, pranks, doings; — fresse, 
 to gape, do wonders (ironically), be wool- 
 gathering. G Anschlage. 
 
 4~schlajje[~~~], pp A°gschlajje, to post, nail 
 on, agree with a person (as food), produce 
 effect; hand —, to pitch in, lay hold of. 
 G anschlagen. 
 
 a~schliesse[~ ~~], pp A°gschlosse, sich, to join. 
 G anschliessen. 
 
 4~schlippe[*~~], pp A°gschlippt, to slip on. 
 G an-+schliipfen. 
 
 a“schmeechle[~~~], pp 4 gschmeechelt, to 
 coax by soft words; sich —, to curry favor. 
 G anschmeicheln. 
 
 a~schmeechlich[~~~], ingratiating, pleasing. 
 G anschmeichelnd. 
 
 a~schmiere[~~~], pp A°gschmiert, to grease, 
 cheat, trick; sich —, to ingratiate oneself. 
 G anschmieren. 
 
 4~schnalle[~~~], pp a-gschnallt, to buckle on. 
 G anschnallen. 
 
 a™schnarre[~~~], pp A-gschnarrt, to speak 
 roughly to. G anschnarren. 
 
 a~schneide[~~~], pp 4°gschnidde, to cut into. 
 G anschneiden. 
 
 a~schpanne[~~~], pp A-gschpannt, to put 
 horses to, stretch taut, urge, compel. G 
 anspannen. 
 
 a™~schpelle[~~~], pp A°gschpellt, to pin to. 
 dG anspellen. 
 
 a“schpinne[~~~], pp A gschpunne, to start 
 
 spinning, hatch (an intrigue). G anspin- 
 nen. 
 
 a“schplitte[“~~], pp 4°gschplitt, to begin to 
 split. Gan-+splittern. 
 
 a~schpore[~~~], pp Agschport, to incite. G 
 anspornen. 
 
 a™schpritze[~~~], pp a°gschpritzt, to sprinkle, 
 squirt at: wesch —. G anspritzen. 
 
 a~schpruch[*~], m, request, demand, claim, 
 application. G Anspruch. 
 
 a~schprung[*~], m, short run before leaping. 
 G Ansprung. 
 
 a~schrauwe[~~~], pp A°gschraubt, to screw 
 fast. Ganschrauben. 
 
 a~schreiwe[~~~], pp Agschriwwe, to charge. 
 G anschreiben. 
 
 ascht[“] (rare), m, limb (of a tree). G Ast. 
 Cf nascht. 
 
 4~schtahle[*~~], pp 4-gscht4hlt, to put a new 
 steel edge on a tool. G anstahlen. 
 
 a™schtalle[~~~], pp A°gschtallt, to make prepa- 
 ration for. G (ver)anstalten. 
 
 a~schtalt[~~] mache, to make preparation, 
 begin. G Anstalt. 
 
 a~schtand[~~], m, decorum. G Anstand. 
 
 a~schtarre[~~~], pp Agschtarrt, to mix by 
 stirring, stir up. G an-fstirren. 
 
 a~schtecke[~~~], pp A°gschteckt, to kindle, 
 infect. G anstecken. 
 
 a~schteckend[~~~], contagious, infectious. G 
 ansteckend. 
 
 a~schteh~[~"], pp Agschtanne, to become, 
 like, please, satisfy, delay. G anstehen. 
 
 a~schtehlich[~~~], becoming. © anstehend. 
 
 a~schteibere[~~~~], pp 4-gschteibert, to prop, 
 brace. Gan-+dG steibere. 
 
 a~schtelle[~~~], pp Agschtellt, to appoint, 
 install, cause; sich —, to act as if, affect an 
 air, go about something; sich dumm —, 
 to act stupidly, play innocent. Ganstelltn. 
 
 a*schtennich[~~~], respectable, well-behaved. 
 G anstandig. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 15 
 
 4*schtick(l)e[“~~], pp A°gschtickelt, to add a 
 piece to, lengthen. G anstiicke(I)n. 
 
 a~schtifde[~~~], pp Agschtift, to instigate, 
 cause. G anstiften. 
 
 a“schtifder[~~~], m, instigator. G Anstifter. 
 
 4*schtimme|*~™~], pp a°gschtimmt, to entune, 
 strike up (a hymn). G anstimmen. 
 
 a“schtooss[~~], m, scandal, offence. G An- 
 stoss. 
 
 a*schtoosse[~~~], pp A’gschtoosse, to join, 
 border on, adjoin, touch (glasses). G 
 anstossen. 
 
 a*schtrecke[*~~], p 
 up. G Marcben 
 
 a*schtreech[*~], pl, tricks, pranks. 
 streich. 
 
 a“schtreiche[*~~], pp A°gschtriche, to paint. 
 G anstreichen. - 
 
 a*schtreicher[*~~~], m, 
 Anstreicher. 
 
 a“schtreichpensil[~~~~], m, paint-brush. G 
 Anstreichpinsel. 
 
 a4*schtrenge|[~~~], pp A°gschtrengt, to stretch; 
 sich —, to exert oneself. G anstrengen. 
 
 a“schtrich[~~], m, varnish. G Anstrich. 
 
 a~schtricke[~~~], pp Agschtrickt, to join by 
 knitting. Ganstricken. ~ 
 
 a“schuhe|~~~], pp A°gschuht, to vamp (a 
 shoe). G anschuhen. 
 
 a“schwerze[~~™], pp 4-gschwerzt, to blacken. 
 G anschwéarzen. 
 
 a“ schwetze[*~~], pp 4°gschwetzt, to prevail on 
 (some one) to accept (something); sich —, 
 to ingratiate oneself. G anschwatzen. 
 
 a~seefe[~~~], pp A-gseeft, to soap, lather. G 
 anseifen. 
 
 a~seh(n)e[*~~], pp A°gsehne, to look at, re- 
 _gard, respect. G ansehen. 
 
 a~sehnlich[*~~], considerable, handsome, re- 
 spectable, reputable. G ansehnlich. 
 
 a~setze[~~~], pp a-gsetzt, to take aim, set to 
 rise (dough), start, set up the drinks. G 
 ansetzen. 
 
 Aa*sicht[~~], f, view, spectacle, opinion. G 
 Ansicht. 
 
 ass[“]=dass(conj), that. G dass. 
 
 a*suche[*~™~], pp 4 gsucht, to inquire, apply. 
 G ansuchen. 
 
 a*suckle(“~~], pp a gsuckelt, 
 gratiate oneself, act the parasite. 
 dG suggeln. 
 
 Atme[*~], pp geatmet, to breathe. G atmen. 
 
 attich[*~], m, dwarf-elder. G Attich. 
 
 au["], oh! ouch! Gau. 
 
 auf["] (rare), on, upon. Gauf. Cf uff. 
 
 auf-["], separable prefix of a few verbs, and 
 prefix of a few derived nouns. G auf-. 
 auferschteh*(~~~], pp auferschtanne, to rise 
 from the dead. G auferstehen. 
 
 auferschtehung[~~~~], f, resurrection. G 
 Auferstehung. 
 
 peta reeRSE |, p pp auferweckt, to resusci- 
 
 a-gschtreckt, to stretch 
 G An- 
 
 (house-)painter. G 
 
 sich, to in- 
 G an+ 
 
 tate. G auferwecken. 
 aufnaéhm[~~], f, reception. G Aufnahme. 
 aufschlack[~~], m, lapel. G Aufschlag. 
 
 aus["], out of; — unei® geh’, to go in and out. 
 G aus. 
 
 aus-["], separable prefix of verbs, and prefix 
 of derived words. G aus-. 
 
 ausbabble[~~~], pp ausgebabbelt, to babble, 
 spread tales. G ausbabbeln. 
 
 ausbacke[*~~], pp ausgebacke, to bake suffi- 
 ciently; do is ausgebacke, there is nothing 
 left, we are at our wit’s end. Gausbacken. 
 
 ausbeerschde[~~~], pp ausgebzerscht, to brush 
 out. G ausbiirsten. 
 
 ausbautsche[*~~], pp ausgebautscht, to wear 
 out. G ausbauschen? 
 
 ausbehalt, ausverhalt, aus(en)palt[~~~], m, a 
 reservation for life of houseroom, firewood, 
 food, etc., (usually) made by a parent (or 
 by parents) in deeding property to another 
 (usually one of their children). G aus+ 
 behalten. . 
 
 ausbeisse[~ ~~], pp ausgebisse, to force out by 
 biting, oust, supplant. G ausbeissen. 
 
 ausbezahle[~~~~], pp ausbezahlit, to pay out, 
 disburse. G ausbezahlen. 
 
 ausbiete[~~~], pp ausgebotte, to serve a quit 
 notice. G ausbieten. 
 
 ausbietzettel[~~~~], m, quit notice. 
 bieten-+ Zettel. 
 
 ausbijjele[~~~~], pp ausgebijjelt, to iron out. 
 G ausbiigeln. 
 
 ausbilde[*~~], pp ausgebildt, sich, to develop 
 physically. G ausbilden. 
 
 ausblanse[~~™~], pp ausgeblanst, to transplant. 
 G auspflanzen. 
 
 ausblaudre[*~~], pp ausgeblaudert, to finish 
 talking; sich —, to talk to one’s heart’s 
 content. G ausplaudern. 
 
 ausbleeche[~~~], pp ausgebleecht, to fade (in 
 color). G ausbleichen. 
 
 ausbleiwe[*~~], pp ausgebliwwe, to delay, be 
 long in coming. G ausbleiben. 
 
 ausblose[~~~], pp ausgeblose, to blow out (a 
 candle, blast-furnace); eems licht —, to 
 kill, G ausblasen. 
 
 ausbluje[~ ~~], pp ausgeblukt, to plow between 
 the rows of growing plants, plow out 
 potatoes in digging them. G auspfliigen. 
 
 ausblute[~~~], pp ausgeblut, to bleed. Gaus- 
 bluten. 
 
 ausbohre[~~~], pp ausgebohrt, to bore out. 
 G ausbohren. 
 
 ausbreche[~~~], pp ausgebroche, to break out 
 (a fire, epidemic disease, eruption). G 
 ausbrechen. 
 
 ausbrechung[*~™], f, outbreak. G Ausbrech- 
 
 G aus- 
 
 ung. 
 
 ausbreddiche[~~~™~], pp ausgebreddicht, sich, 
 to preach to the weariment of a congrega- 
 tion. G auspredigen. 
 
 ausbreete[* ~~], pp ausgebreet, sich, to spread. 
 G ausbreiten. 
 
 ausbrenne[~~~], pp ausgebrennt, to burn out, 
 finish burning. G ausbrennen. 
 
 ausbriee[~~~], pp ausgebriet, to hatch out. 
 G ausbrieten. 
 
16 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 ausbriehe[*~~], pp ausgebrieht, to scald (a 
 vessel). G ausbriihen. 
 
 ausbrockle[~~~], pp ausgebrockelt, to crum- 
 ble. G ausbréckeln. 
 
 ausbrode[*~~], pp ausgebrode, to extract fat 
 by frying. G ausbraten. 
 
 ausbruch[*~], m, outbreak. G Ausbruch. 
 
 ausbumpe[~~™~], pp ausgebumpt, to pump dry. 
 G auspumpen. 
 
 ausbutze[~~~], pp ausgebutzt, to clean out, 
 prune, reprimand. G ausputzen. 
 
 ausdae[~~~], pp ausged&t, to thaw out. G 
 austauen. 
 
 ausderre[~~~], pp ausgedzrrt, to dry out. 
 
 G ausdorren. 
 
 ausdauer[~~~], f, perseverance. G Ausdauer. 
 
 ausdaure[~~~], pp ausgedauert, to last, per- 
 severe. G ausdauern. 
 
 ausdeele[~~~], pp ausgedeelt, to distribute, 
 divide among, deal. G austeilen. 
 
 actmirintte yy f, distribution. G Austei- 
 un 
 
 ausdeiwle[*~", PP ausgedeiwelt, sich, to give 
 full vent to one’s devilishness, come to the 
 end of afrenzy. G austeufeln. 
 
 ausdenke[*~~], pp ausgedenkt, to think out, 
 contrive. G ausdenken. 
 
 ausdiene[~~~], pp ausgedient, to serve one’s 
 time. Gausdienen. 
 
 ausdilje[~~~], pp ausgedilkt, to extirpate. G 
 austilgen. 
 
 ausdowe[~ ~~], pp ausgedobt, sich, to give one- 
 self free Aouirse in rage, play or other 
 activity. G austoben. 
 
 ausdrehe[~~~], pp ausgedreht, to turn out, 
 wring out. G ausdrehen. 
 
 ausdreher[~ ~~], m, (clothes-)wringer. G Aus- 
 dreher. 
 
 ausdreiwe[~ ~~], pp ausgedriwwe, to drive out, 
 exterminate, oust, expel. G austreiben. 
 
 ausdrenge[~~~], pp ausgedrengt, to force out, 
 supplant. G ausdrangen. 
 
 ausdresche[~~~], pp ausgedrosche, to thrash 
 out, finish thrashing. G ausdreschen. 
 
 ausdricke|~~~], pp ausgedrickt, to press out, 
 express; sich —, to express oneself. G 
 ausdriicken. 
 
 ausdrickle[~~~], pp ausgedrickelt, to dry out. 
 G aus+dG drickele. 
 
 ausdricklich["’~], expressly, positively, ex- 
 plicitly. G ausdriicklich. 
 
 ausdrinke[~~~], pp ausgedrunke, to drink all 
 of. G austrinken. 
 
 ausdruck[*~], m, expression. G Ausdruck. 
 
 ausdu*[~"], pp ausgedu’, undress, cross off 
 the books, cancel; sich —, to undress. G 
 austun. 
 
 ausem|[*~]=aus em. 
 
 ausenanner(|*~~™~], separate, apart. G ausei- 
 nander. 
 
 ausenanner || geh™[~~~~"], to come apart, 
 separate, scatter; -leje[~~~~~~ ], to lay 
 out separately; -mache[*~~~~~ ], to take 
 apart, separate; -nemme[*~~~~~ ], to take 
 
 vuevvey 
 
 apart; -setze[~* ], to set apart. 
 
 ausesse[~~~], pp ausgesse, to eat everything 
 in the house: do is alles ausgesse. 
 ausessen. 
 
 ausferrichde[*~~~], pp ausgferricht, to draw 
 furrows for planting. G ausfurchen. 
 
 ausfahre[*~~], pp ausgfahre, to have a rash, 
 have one’s face covered with pimples. G 
 ausfahren. 
 
 ausfahres, n, ausfahring[~~~], f, (skin) erup- 
 
 tion. G Ausfahren. 
 ausfahrisch, ausfiehrich[*~~], rash-like, erup- 
 tive. G ausfahr-+ig. 
 ausfall[*~], m, deficiency. G Ausfall. 
 ausfalle[~~~], pp ausgfalle, to come out (of 
 
 hair), drop from the hull (of grain), have a 
 disagreement. G ausfallen. 
 
 ausfaschle, ausfischle[~~~“], pp ausgfaschelt, 
 to attempt to gain information, spy. 
 ausforschen. 
 
 ausfasse(~~~], pp ausgfasst, to bag grain or 
 feed from bin. G ausfassen. 
 
 ausfechde[*~~], pp ausgfochde, to settle a 
 difference, fight it out, have it out. G 
 ausfechten. 
 
 ausfeile[~~~], pp aussi to file out. G 
 ausfeilen. 
 
 ausfeje[~~~], pp ausgfekt, to clean out thor- 
 oughly. G ausfegen. 
 
 ausfiehre[~~~], pp ausgfiehrt, to carry out, 
 perform, finish. G ausfiihren. 
 
 ausfiehrlich["~~], in detail. G ausfiihrlich. 
 
 ausfiehrung[~~~], f, achievement. G. Aus- 
 fiihrung. 
 
 ausfille[“~~], pp ausgfillt, to fill out, fill up. 
 G ausfiillen. 
 ausfinne[~~~], pp ausgfunne, to find out, ascer- 
 
 tain. G ausfinden. 
 
 ausfische[~~™~], pp ausgfischt, to clear (a pond) 
 of fish, spy out, get information. G 
 ausfischen. 
 
 ausflieje[~ ~~], pp ausgflojje, to leave the nest. 
 G ausfliegen. 
 
 ausfliesse[~~~], pp ausgflosse, to flow out, 
 run out. G ausfliessen. 
 
 ausfluss[~~], m, emission. G Ausfluss. 
 
 ausfransle[~~~], pp ausgfranselt, to wear to a 
 fringe. G ausfransen. 
 
 ausfresse[~~~], pp ausgfresse, to eat all. G 
 ausfressen. 
 
 ausfriere, ausgfriere[~~~], pp ausgfrore, to 
 freeze out, perish from freezing. G aus- 
 frieren. 
 
 ausfroje[~~~], pp ausgfrokt, to question 
 minutely, interrogate. G ausfragen. 
 
 ausgab[~ "|, f, expenditure. G Ausgabe. 
 
 ausgang|[~~], m, outlet, issue. G Ausgang. 
 
 ausgangs[~~], towards the end of: — Merz. 
 Adverbial genitive of Ausgang. 
 
 ausgarjele[~~~~], pp ausgegarjelt, to gargle. 
 G ausgurgeln. 
 
 ausgebauert|~~ ~~], robbed (of the soil), farmed 
 to death. Gaus+dG bauere. 
 
 ausgedient[~~"], worn out. G ausgedient. 
 
 ausgeh™[~~], pp ausgange, to go out, take a 
 
Pennsyloania-German Dictionary 17 
 
 walk, fall out, drop out, expire, fade, be 
 dismissed, result. G ausgehen. 
 
 ausgelernt([*~~], having finished one’s educa- 
 tion. G ausgelernt. 
 
 ausgeloddert [~~~~], dilapidated, rickety. G 
 aus+dG lodder. 
 
 ausgelosse[~~~~], 
 lassen. 
 
 ausgemacht[~~~], decided upon, certain, 
 downright: en -er narr. G ausgemacht. 
 
 ausgenumme[*~~~], with the exception of. 
 G ausgenommen. 
 
 ausgewachse|~~~~], full-grown, sprouted. G 
 ausgewachsen. 
 
 ausgewwe|~~~], pp ausgewwe, to expend, be 
 compelled to stop work from heat or 
 fatigue, yield, announce. G ausgeben. 
 
 ausgewwer|[~~~], m, distributor. G Ausge- 
 
 er. 
 
 ausgfekt[~~], exhausted. dG ausfegen. 
 
 ausgickle[~~~], pp ausgegickelt, to finish 
 giggling. G ausgickeln. 
 
 ausglitsche[~~~], pp ausgeglitscht, to slip. 
 G ausglitschen. 
 
 ausgloppe[~~~], pp ausgegloppt, to beat out, 
 shell (a nut). G ausklopfen. 
 
 ausgratze[~~~], pp ausgegratzt, to scratch out, 
 erase. G auskratzen. 
 
 ausgrawe[~~~], pp ausgegradwe, to excavate. 
 G ausgraben. 
 
 ausgreckse[~~~], pp ausgegreckst, to finish 
 complaining. G auskrachzen. 
 
 ausgreische[~~~], pp ausgegrische, ebber, to 
 spread evil reports about some one. 
 auskreischen. 
 
 ausgritzle[~~~], pp ausgegritzelt, to scrawl or 
 scribble over. G auskritzeln. 
 
 ausgschpielt[*~], played out, exhausted, come 
 
 unruly, wild. G ausge- 
 
 toanend. G ausgespielt. 
 ausgschtudiert[~~"], having finished one’s 
 education. G ausstudiert. 
 
 ausgucke[~~™~], pp ausgeguckt, sich di Aje, to 
 look till one is tired (in expecting some one 
 or in staring); — far sich selwert, to look 
 out for oneself, look out for number one. 
 G ausgucken. 
 
 aushacke[~*~~], pp auskackt, nidder (hoch), to 
 make the end of the stroke of the scythe in 
 mowing low (high). G aushacken. 
 
 aushalte[~~~], pp auskalte, to bear, endure, 
 remain, continue, hold out, stipulate, ex- 
 cept, exempt. G aushalten. 
 
 aushammere|[*~~™~], pp auskammert, to ham- 
 mer out. G aushammern. 
 
 ausheele[~~~], pp auskeelt, to heal perfectly. 
 G ausheilen. 
 
 ausheile[~~~], pp auskeilt, sich, to cry oneself 
 toacalm. Gaus+dG heulen. 
 
 aushelfe[~~~], pp auskolfe, to help, assist. G 
 aushelfen. 
 
 aushenke[*~~], pp auskenkt, to unhook. G 
 aushingen. 
 
 aushensle[~~~], pp auskenselt, to ridicule, 
 chaff. Gaus+hianseln. 
 
 aushewe[*~~], pp auskowe, to evict, remove 
 
 4 
 
 from: en neschtvoll oijer —; detect, find 
 out (morally). G ausheben. 
 
 aushiehle[~~~], pp auskiehlt, to hollow out. 
 G aushohlen. 
 
 aushiehliche[*~~~], pp auskiehlicht, to hollow 
 out. G aushdhlen (as if there were a verb 
 aushohligen). 
 
 aushungre[~~~], pp auskungert, to starve, 
 famish. G aushungern. 
 
 ausiewe[~ ~~], pp ausgeiebt, to practice, wreak, 
 go as far as possible. G ausiiben. 
 
 ausiewung|[*~~], f, exercise. G Ausiibung. 
 
 auskafe[“~~], pp auskaft, to buy out. G 
 auskaufen. 
 
 auskehre[~~~], pp ausgekehrt, to sweep out. 
 G auskehren. 
 
 auskiehle[~~~], pp ausgekiehlt, to 
 thoroughly (asa room). G auskiihlen. 
 
 auskoche[~~~], pp ausgekocht, to clean by 
 boiling, extract by boiling. G auskochen. 
 
 auskumme[*~~], pp auskumme, to live within 
 one’s means, manage on, live on good 
 terms (with). Gauskommen. 
 
 auskunft[~~], f, information. G Auskunft. 
 
 auslache[~~~], pp ausgelacht, to laugh at, 
 ridicule. G auslachen. 
 
 auslade[~~~“], pp ausgelade, to unload. G 
 ausladen. 
 
 auslafe[~~~], pp ausgeloffe, to run out, drain, 
 expire. G auslaufen. 
 
 ausland[*~], n, foreign country. G Ausland. 
 
 auslange[~~~], pp ausgelangt, to suffice. G 
 auslangen. 
 
 auslaxiere[~~~~], pp ausgelaxiert, to purge 
 thoroughly. G auslaxieren. 
 
 ausleere[~~~], pp ausgeleert, to empty. G 
 ausleeren. 
 
 ausleffie[~~~], pp ausgeleffelt, to scoop out, 
 drop grain in sickling. G ausloffeln. 
 
 ausleine[~ ~~], pp ausgeleint, to read lines for 
 repetition in singing. Tr of E line out. 
 
 ausleje[~~~], pp ausgelekt, to lay out, plan, 
 explain, expend, prepare a corpse for the 
 
 cool 
 
 coffin. G auslegen. 
 
 auslejer[~~~], m, expositor, interpreter. G 
 Ausleger. 
 
 auslejung[~~~], f, exposition, interpretation. 
 G Auslegung. 
 
 auslek[~~], m, expense. G Auslegen. 
 
 auslenner[~~~], m, foreigner, alien. 
 lander. 
 
 auslenn(er)isch[~~~~], auslendisch[~~~], for- 
 eign, alien. G auslandisch. 
 
 auslesche[*~~], pp ausgelescht, to extinguish. 
 G ausléschen. 
 
 auslese[*~~], pp ausgelese, to select, separate 
 into sorts, assort. G auslesen. 
 
 auslewe[~ ~~], pp ausgelebt, to outlive. Gaus- 
 leben. 
 
 auslifte[~~~], pp ausgelift, to ventilate. G 
 ausliiften. 
 
 auslifting[~~~], f, ventilation. G Ausliiftung. 
 
 ausloche|*~~], pp ausgelocht, to put holes in: 
 poschde —. Gauslochen. 
 
 auslosse[~~~], pp ausgelosst, to let out (a 
 
 G Aus- 
 
18 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 seam), manifest, wreak upon, utter one’s 
 mind; nix —, not to let on. G auslassen. 
 
 ausmache[*~~], pp ausgemacht, to dig (pota- 
 toes), shell (corn), make out, decipher, 
 determine, settle, plan, matter, agree upon, 
 extinguish (fire); gut —, to do well, pros- 
 per. Gausmachen. 
 
 ausmauere[~~~~], pp ausgemauert, to line 
 with a wall, brick up: en ausgemauert grab. 
 G ausmauern. 
 
 ausme|[*~]=aus me. 
 
 ausmeessle[~~~], pp ausgemeesselt, to chisel 
 out. G ausmeisseln. 
 
 ausmelke[~~~], pp ausgemolke, to drain a 
 cow of all her milk. G ausmelken. 
 
 ausmesse[*~™~], pp ausgemesse, to measure 
 out, gauge, survey. G ausmessen. 
 
 ausmischde[*~~], pp ausgemischt, to clean a 
 stable. G ausmisten. 
 
 ausnaehe[~~~], pp ausgenaeht, 
 embroider. G ausnihen. 
 
 ausnanner[~~~], ausenanner[*~~~], apart. G 
 auseinander. 
 
 ausnemme[~~~], pp ausgenumme, to draw 
 (fowls), take out in trade. G ausnehmen. 
 
 ausorte[~~~], pp ausgeort, to not reproduce 
 true to breed or variety, deteriorate, de- 
 generate. G ausarten. 
 
 auspacke[*~~~], pp ausgepackt, to unpack, 
 open a package. G auspacken. 
 
 auspicke[~~~], pp ausgepickt, to pick out, 
 shell (peas or beans). G auspicken. 
 
 ausrame([~~~], pp ausgerdmt, to clear of 
 furniture or rubbish. G ausr4umen. 
 
 ausre[~~]=aus re. 
 
 ausrechle[~~~], pp ausgerechelt, to figure out, 
 compute. G ausrechnen. 
 
 ausred[~~], ausrett[/~~], f, excuse, pretext. G 
 Ausrede. 
 
 ausreeche[~~~], pp ausgereecht, to suffice. 
 G ausreichen. 
 
 ausreisse[~~~], pp ausgerisse, to tear out, 
 abscond. G ausreissen. 
 
 ausreiwe[~~~], pp ausgeriwwe, to erase, rub 
 out. G ausreiben. 
 
 ausrichte[*~~], pp ausgericht, to perform, 
 attend to, have influence over. G aus- 
 richten. 
 
 ausricke[~~~], pp ausgerickt, to move out of 
 the way. G ausricken. 
 
 ausrieje[~ ~~], pp ausgeriekt, to eke out (one’s) 
 spite. G aus-+riigen. 
 
 ausritsche[*~~], pp ausgeritscht, to slip, lose 
 one’s footing. G ausritschen. 
 
 ausriwwle[~~~], pp ausgeriwwelt, to rub out. 
 G aus+dG riwwel. 
 
 ausrolle[~~~], pp ausgerollt, to roll out thin. 
 G ausrollen. 
 
 ausroppe[~~~], pp ausgeroppt, to pull. G 
 ausrupfen. 
 
 ausrotte[~~~], pp ausgerott, to root out, 
 extirpate, exterminate. G ausrotten. 
 
 ausruf|*~], m, proclamation. G Ausruf. 
 
 ausrufe[~~~], pp ausgerufe, to call out, pro- 
 claim. G ausrufen. 
 
 to stitch, 
 
 ausruje[~~~], pp ausgerukt, to take a rest, 
 get a thorough rest. G ausruhen. 
 
 ausrutsche[~~™], pp ausgerutscht, to slip. G 
 ausrutschen. 
 
 aussaee[~~~], pp ausgsaet, to sow. G aus- 
 saen. 
 
 aussaje[~~~], pp ausgsat, to declare, promul- 
 gate. G aussagen. 
 
 aussarte [~~~], pp ausgsart, to sort. G 
 aussortieren. 
 
 aussaufe[~~~], pp ausgsoffe, to drink all, 
 drink to the dregs. G aussaufen. 
 
 ausschaele, ausschale[~~~], pp ausgschaelt, to 
 shell, peel. G ausschalen. 
 
 ausschaffe[~~~], pp ausgschafft, to work out, 
 pay a bill in labor, carve. G ausschaffen. 
 
 ausschelte[~~~], pp ausgscholte, to scold. G 
 ausschelten. 
 
 ausschemme[~~~], pp ausgschemmt, to shame, 
 cause to feel ashamed. G ausschamen. 
 
 ausschenke[~~~], pp ausgschenkt, to pour out 
 (a beverage). G ausschenken. 
 
 ausschenne|*~~], pp ausgschennt, to cause to 
 feel ashamed, reprimand. G ausschanden. 
 
 ausscheppe[~~~], pp ausgscheppt, to bail. G 
 ausschépfen. 
 
 ausschicke[~~~], pp ausgschickt, to send out. 
 G ausschicken. 
 
 ausschiesse[~~~], pp ausgschosse, to send out 
 shoots. G ausschiessen. 
 
 ausschitte[~~~], pp ausgschitt, to pour out. 
 G ausschiitten. 
 
 ausschittle[*~~~], pp ausgschittelt, to shake 
 out. G ausschiitteln. 
 
 ausschlack[~~], m, young shoot, sucker. G 
 Ausschlag. 
 
 ausschlajje[~~~], pp ausgschlajje, to send 
 forth shoots or sprouts, beat out. G 
 ausschlagen. 
 
 ausschlecke[~~~], pp ausgschleckt, to lick out. 
 G ausschlecken. 
 
 ausschliesse[~~~], pp ausgschlosse, to lock 
 out, exclude. G ausschliessen. 
 
 ausschlitze[*~~], pp ausgschlitzt, to slit. G 
 ausschlitzen. 
 
 ausschmelse[*~~], pp ausgschmolse, to melt, 
 render (lard). G ausschmelzen. 
 
 ausschmicke[~~~], pp ausgschmickt, to adorn, 
 bedeck. G ausschmiicken. 
 
 ausschnausse[~~~], pp ausgschnausst, to 
 snoop through. G aus+dG schnausse. 
 
 ausschneide[*~~], pp ausgschnidde, to notch, 
 cut from a pattern. G ausschneiden. 
 
 ausschniffie[~~~], pp ausgschniffelt, to pry 
 into. G ausschniiffeln. 
 
 ausschnitzle[~~~], ppausgschnitzelt, to whittle, 
 carve out. G ausschnitzeln. 
 
 ausschpanne[*~~], pp ausgschpannt, to un- 
 hitch horses (from a wagon). G aus- 
 spannen. 
 
 ausschpautze[~~~], pp ausgschpautzt, to spit 
 out. dG ausspautzen. 
 
 ausschpiele[~ ~~], pp ausgschpielt, to wear out, 
 become exhausted. G ausspielen. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 19 
 
 pate al 
 
 ausschpotte[ , pp ausgschpott, to mock, 
 taunt. G ausspotten. 
 
 ausschpraee[~~~], pp ausgschpraet, to spread 
 out. Gaus+dG sprah, sprae. 
 
 ausschpreche[*~~], pp ausgschproche, to 
 speak out, pronounce. G aussprechen. 
 
 ausschproch[~"], f, pronunciation. G Aus- 
 sprache. 
 
 ausschpruch[~~], m, verdict. G Ausspruch. 
 
 ausschreiwe[~~~], pp ausgschriwwe, to write 
 out, appoint by proclamation, proclaim. 
 G ausschreiben. 
 
 ausschterwe[~~~], pp ausgschtarwe, to die 
 out, become extinct. G aussterben. 
 
 ausschtampe[~~~], pp ausgschtampt, to stamp 
 (or beat) out. G ausstampfen. 
 
 ausschtarre[~~™~], pp ausgschtarrt, to stir out. 
 G aus-++stirren. 
 
 ausschteche[*~~], pp ausgschtoche, to dig out 
 with a fork (as potatoes). G ausstechen. 
 
 ausschtecke[~~~], pp ausgschteckt, to set out 
 (plants), transplant. G ausstecken. 
 
 ausschteh~[*"], pp ausgschtanne, to suffer, 
 bear, tolerate. G ausstehen. 
 
 ausschtehlich["~~], tolerable, bearable. G 
 ausstehlich. 
 
 ausschteier, hausschteier[~~~], m, clothes and 
 furniture which a bride brings to her 
 husband, outfit. G Aussteuer. 
 
 ausschteiere[~~~~], pp ausgschteiert, to fit 
 out for housekeeping. G aussteuern. 
 
 ausschteije[~~~], pp ausgschtijje, to alight 
 from a carriage. G aussteigen. 
 
 ausschtiwwere|[~~~~], pp ausgschtiwwert, to 
 drive away. G ausstdbern. 
 
 ausschtoosse[~~~], pp ausgschtoosse, to ex- 
 clude, oust. G ausstossen. 
 
 ausschtoppe[~~~], pp ausgschtoppt, to stuff, 
 pad. G ausstopfen. 
 
 ausschtraehle[~~~], pp ausgschtraehlt, to 
 comb out. Gaus+dG strahlen. 
 
 ausschtrecke[~~~], pp  ausgschtreckt, to 
 stretch out; sich —, to stretch oneself, lie 
 at full length. G ausstrecken. 
 
 ausschtreiche[~ ~~], pp ausgschtriche, to strike 
 out, cross out. G ausstreichen. 
 
 ausschtudiere[~~~~], pp ausgschtudiert, to 
 study out, study thoroughly. G aus- 
 studieren. 
 
 ausschwenke[~~~], pp ausgschwenkt, to rinse 
 out. G ausschwenken. 
 
 ausschwetze[~~~], pp ausgschwetzt, to speak 
 out. Gausschwatzen. 
 
 ausschwitze[~~~], pp ausgschwitzt, to sweat 
 out. G ausschwitzen. 
 
 ausse[~~], outside, on the outside. G aussen. 
 
 ausseher|~~~], from without, externally. G 
 aussenher. 
 
 aussehne|~ ~~], pp ausgsehne, to look, appear, 
 take heed (that). G aussehen. 
 
 aussei™[*~], pp ausgewest, to be extinguished 
 (of a fire), be on bad terms, be away from 
 home. G aussein. 
 
 ausserum|*~~], (around on the) outside, on 
 the outskirts, round about. G aussen+ 
 herum. 
 
 aussetze[~~~], pp ausgsetzt, to plant out, 
 transplant, expand, start, start out, start 
 farming. G aussetzen. 
 
 aussicht[~~], f, view, expectation, prospect. 
 G Aussicht. 
 
 aussinne[*~~], pp ausgsunne, to think out, 
 excogitate. G aussinnen. 
 
 aussuche[*~~], pp ausgsucht, to search thor- 
 oughly, rummage. G aussuchen. 
 
 aussuckle[*~~], pp ausgsuckelt, to suck out. 
 G aus+dG suggeln. 
 
 ausverkafe[~~~~], pp ausverkaft, to sell out, 
 sell by forced sale. G ausverkaufen. 
 
 auswachse[*~~], pp ausgewachse, to sprout, 
 send forth shoots, attain one’s full growth. 
 G auswachsen. 
 
 auswerfling[~~~], m, imperfect specimen, out- 
 cast. G Auswiirfling. 
 
 auswandre[~~~], pp ausgewandert, to emi- 
 grate. G auswandern. 
 
 auswandrer[~~~], m, emigrant. 
 drer. 
 
 auswechsle[~~~], pp ausgewechselt, to ex- 
 change, trade. G auswechseln. 
 
 ausweiche[~~~], pp ausgewiche, to turn out, 
 evade, avoid, elude, get out of perpen- 
 dicular. G ausweichen. 
 
 ausweisse[~ ~~], pp ausgeweisst, to whitewash 
 (the inside of). G ausweissen. 
 
 auswenne[~~~], pp ausgewennt, to turn aside, 
 evade. aus-+wenden. 
 
 auswennich[*~~], ausewennich[~~~~], outside, 
 on the outside, from memory (by heart); 
 — lerne, to commit to memory. G aus- 
 wendig. 
 
 auswickle[~~~], pp ausgewickelt, to unwrap. 
 G auswickeln. 
 
 auswieje[~~~], pp ausgewoje, to weigh out 
 for retail sale. G auswiegen. 
 
 auswische[~~~], pp ausgewischt, to rub out, 
 erase; eens —, to give a blow. G aus- 
 wischen, 
 
 auswitsche[~~~], pp ausgewitscht, to slip 
 away, slip out. G auswitschen. 
 
 auszacke[~~~], pp ausgezackt, to scallop. G 
 auszacken. 
 
 auszahne[~ ~~], pp ausgezahnt, to finish teeth- 
 ing, put teeth in a rake. G auszahnen. 
 
 auszappe[~~~], pp ausgezappt, to tap. G 
 auszapfen. 
 
 auszehring[~~~], f, consumption. G Aus- 
 zehrung. 
 
 auszettle[~~~], pp ausgezettelt, to distribute, 
 peddle out. G aus+zetteln. 
 
 auszieje[~~~], pp ausgezojje, to take off 
 clothes, strip, doff. G ausziegen. 
 
 auszoppe[~~~], pp ausgezoppt, to pull out, 
 unravel. G auszupfen. 
 
 autsch["], oh! ouch! G autsch. 
 
 autsche[~~], pp geautscht, to give evidence 
 of pain or soreness. Verb formed from 
 autsch. 
 
 4*verdraue[~~~~], pp a-verdraut, to entrust, 
 put trust in, confide a secret. G anver- 
 trauen. 
 
 G Auswan- 
 
20 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 a*verwandt-er, -i[~~~~], m, f, relative. G 
 Anverwandter. 
 
 Aa“ wachse[*~~], pp 4 gewachse, to join by 
 growing, grow up, become liver-grown. G 
 anwachsen. 
 
 a*werre[~~~], pp a°-werre: ich bin si —, I 
 disposed of them, I sold them, I got rid of 
 them. G anwerden. 
 
 4” weise[~ ~~], pp 4 gewisse, to instruct, show, 
 direct. G anweisen. 
 
 a“wende, 4~wenne[~~~], pp 4°gewendt, 4°ge- 
 wennt, invest (first form only), employ, 
 use, apply. G anwenden. 
 
 awendmohl, abendmahl[~~"], n, Lord’s Sup- 
 per, communion. G Abendmahl. 
 
 a“ wendung[~~~], f, adaptation.. G Anwen- 
 dung. 
 
 awerglawe[~~~~], m, superstition. G Aber- 
 glaube. 
 
 awerglawisch[~~~~], superstitious. G aber- 
 glaubisch. 
 
 a*wesche[*~~], pp 
 G anwaschen. 
 
 a*wickle[~~~], pp A°gewickelt, to start on a 
 reel, accomplish by palming off on (an- 
 other). G anwickeln. 
 
 awwer|*~], but; —-! used as a warning or 
 threat; un —, but. G aber. 
 
 ax[“], f, pl ex, ax. G Axt. 
 
 axeschtiel[*~~], m, ax-handle. 
 stiel. 
 
 a“zahme[*~~], pp a°gezahmt, to tame (an 
 animal), attach to oneself. Gan-+zahmen. 
 
 A°gewesche, to varnish. 
 
 G Axt+dG 
 
 a~zappe[~~~], pp Agezappt, to tap. G 
 anzapfen. 
 
 a“zeeche[~~~], n, token, omen, sign. G 
 Anzeichen. 
 
 a*zeije[~~~], pp Agezeicht, to indicate. G 
 anzeigen. 
 
 a~zeijer|~~~], m, indicator. G Anzeiger. 
 
 a*zettle[~~~], pp 4 gezettelt, to put warp on 
 a loom for weaving, start a matter. G 
 anzetteln. 
 
 azi, atschi[-’], atchee! (in imitation of the 
 sound made in sneezing, sometimes with 
 an added ‘Gsundheet’). dG azi. 
 
 a*zieje[~~~], pp A gezojje, to put on, stretch, 
 attract, tighten. G anziehen. 
 
 A*ziele[~ ~~, pp A°gezielt, to take (good) aim. 
 G anzielen. 
 
 a*zinde[*~~], pp A°gezindt, to 
 anziinden. 
 
 a“zoppe[~~~], pp A°gezoppt, to begin to pull 
 reins, attract fish by little jerks. G an- 
 
 zupfen. 
 A*zuck[~~], m, suit, attire. G Anzug. 
 “], pp Aagezwunge, to force on 
 
 a“zwinge[~~ 
 (some one). G anzwingen. 
 B 
 
 babbe, baba[*~], m, papa. G Papa. 
 
 babbegoi[*~"], m, parrot. G Papegei. 
 
 babbel[*~], f, chatterbox, gossip. G babbeln. 
 
 babbelmaul|:~ “], n, incessant talker, chatter- 
 box. G babbeln-++ Maul. 
 
 ignite. G 
 
 babble[*~], pp gebabbelt, to talk fast or in- 
 
 cessantly, reveal a_ secret, tattle. G 
 babbeln. 
 Braye “J, m, poplar, white poplar, tulip tree. 
 Pa 
 babbler|’" a m, gabbler, chatterer. G Bab- 
 bler 
 babblich[’ “], talkative. G babbel+ig. 
 babier[“*], n, paper. G Papier. 
 babierbich(e)li[-~~~~], n, pamphlet. G Pa- 
 
 pierbiichelchen. 
 
 babierche, babierli[~~~], n, little piece of paper, 
 slip of paper. G Papierchen, -li is the dim 
 ending of the Alemannic or Swiss dialects. 
 
 babierschitz[-“~], m, minister who reads 
 sermons from manuscript. G Papier+ 
 Schiitz. 
 
 babra[* ~], rhubarb, pie plant. G Rhabarber. 
 
 bach[~] (rare), n, brook. G Bach. 
 
 bach || bletter[’~~], pl, yellow pond-lily, cow 
 lily; -bumbel[*~~], water speedwell, Am- 
 erican brooklime. 
 
 back || appel[*~~], m, baking-apple; -dak[*7], 
 m, baking-day; -drok[‘"], m, kneading 
 trough; -melassich[*~~~], m, baking mo- 
 lasses. 
 
 backe[*~], pp gebacke, to bake, harden; net 
 gans recht gebacke, a little off in the head. 
 G backen. 
 
 backe[*~], m, cheek, hound (of a wagon). G 
 Backen. 
 
 backebart[*~"], m, beard, whiskers. G Back- 
 enbart. 
 
 Backeffel[*~~], n, summit on the Blue Moun- 
 tain west of Lehigh Gap. Dim of G Back- 
 ofen. 
 
 backereil ~~~], 
 backen. 
 
 backes[*~], (mei), baking. The infinitive 
 plus s is used to form a noun, mostly of 
 oft-repeated household operations, and is 
 nearly always preceded by a possessive adj. 
 
 backeschtee™[*~~], m, brick. G Backstein. 
 
 backeschtee™ || lejer[‘~"~~],_ m, bricklayer; 
 -offe[*~~~~], m, brick-kiln; -schtick [*~~~], 
 n, brickbat. 
 
 backeschteenich, backeschteene[*~~~], (of) 
 brick. G Backstein+ig. 
 
 backe || schtreech[*~~], m, slap on the cheek; 
 -zah~[*~~], m, molar. 
 
 backet[*~], f, (a) baking, enough to last till 
 next baking- day. dG backet. 
 
 back || hols[*~], n, oven wood; -karb[*~], m, 
 basket of braided straw in which rye bread 
 was baked; -mol[* 7], -mult[*~], f, kneading 
 trough. . Backmulde; zoffe[*~~], m, bake- 
 oven; -schissel[*~~],f, baking bowl (wooden): 
 -sode|* ~~], m, baking soda. 
 
 backoffe || herd[*~~"], m, floor of a bake- 
 oven; -kitsch[*~~~], f, oven-scraper; -loch 
 [*~~], n, door of an oven, front of a bake- 
 oven; -schiess[*~~~], f, -schiesser[*~~~~], 
 m, baker’s peel. 
 
 bad[7], n, bath. G Bad. 
 
 baddich, bardich[*~] =abaddich. 
 
 (everlasting) baking. G 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 21 
 
 bade[~~], pp gebadt, to bathe, pp gebade, 
 to wade. G baden. 
 
 badriesel, badriesli[*~~], badrieselche[“~~~], 
 n, quail, partridge. Wm. Beidelman says 
 in his ‘‘Story of the Pennsylvania Germans” 
 ‘this word seems to come from the French 
 
 perdrix.”” It is E partridge+G dim -el. 
 be[], baa! G ba. 
 baehe[~~], pp gebaeht, to toast, warm; 
 gebaeht brot, toast. G bahen. 
 
 ber[7], m, bear. G Bar. 
 
 bere || fett[-~~], n, bear’s grease; -fuss[~~7], 
 m, bear’s foot, ground pine; -glooe[~~~~], 
 f, claw of a bear; -haut[*~"], f, bearskin. 
 
 berjemeeschder[*~~~],m, mayor. G Biirger- 
 meister. 
 
 berjich{*~], hilly, mountainous. G bergig. 
 
 berke, berje[*~], birch. G Birke. 
 
 berkebam|[*~*], m, birch-tree. G Birken- 
 baum. 
 
 bermedickel[*~~~], m, pendulum of a clock. 
 G Perpendikel. 
 
 beerrick[*~], m, hill, mountain. G Berg. 
 
 berrick || ab[~~*], downhill; *balsem|:~°"], m, 
 mountainmint; -bluk{*~"], m, hillside- plow: 
 sfeier[*~~~], mn, summer cypress, kochia; 
 -gnabber[*~~~], m, clod-hopper; -gnippel 
 Pe co mny CLOd- hopper; zhiwwel[*~~~], m, 
 knoll on a mountain road; -nuff[- ~~], uphill; 
 -nunner[~ ~*~], downhill; -ruff|” ~*], uphill (to 
 where the speaker or thinker is); -runner 
 [-~*~], downhill (to where the speaker or 
 thinker is) ; -schtee*[*~ ~], m, stone from the 
 Blue Mountain; -schtrooss[*~"], f, hill-road; 
 -tee[*~"], m, Blue Mountain tea, sweet- 
 scented goldenrod. 
 
 berschde[*~], pp gebzrscht, to brush, fleece 
 (financially). G biirsten. 
 
 berschdebinner[*~~™~], schpringe wie’n, to run 
 like the Old Scratch (saufe and schaffe are 
 also used like schpringe in this expression). 
 G Biirstenbinder. 
 
 berschdegras|*~~], n, poverty-grass. G Bor- 
 stengras. 
 
 berschdelche[*~~], n, smartly dressed young 
 fellow, dandy. G ‘Biirschelchen. 
 
 berscht["], f, bristle, hair. G Borste. 
 
 berscht[‘], f, brush. G Biirste. 
 
 Berwle|‘~], Berwelche[*~~], n, Babby, Bar- 
 bara. G Barbelchen. 
 
 berzel[*~], m, posterior, backside. G Biirzel. 
 
 berzelschtick[*~~], n, rump steak. G Biirzel 
 +Stiick. 
 
 baesel[~~], f, aunty. G Baslein. 
 
 baf["], bang! G baff. 
 
 baffze, beffze[‘~], pp gebaffzt, 
 wrangle, quarrel. G baffzen. 
 
 bah*, boh*[7], f, way or path through snow. 
 G Bahn. 
 
 bahne, bohne[*~], pp gebahnt, to make a way 
 or path through snow. G bahnen. 
 
 bahr["], f, bier. G Bahre. 
 
 pahredraejer[~~ ~~], m, pall-bearer. 
 trager. 
 
 bal[- ° m, head; eens uff der — grieje. G 
 Bolle. 
 
 to bark, 
 
 G Bahr- 
 
 bal || gaul[~“], m, horse with a white fore- 
 ead; -hummel{*~~], m, male bumble-bee 
 
 (which has a white forehead) ; -keppich[*~~], 
 bald-headed; -kopp[*~], m, baldhead. The 
 bal in the first two of these compounds is 
 probably G Bolle strongly influenced by E 
 bald; in the last two probably E bald. 
 
 balke[*~], m, joist, beam. G Balken. 
 
 ball[-], soon, almost. G bald. 
 
 balladsche[” view “], pp geballadscht, to talk in a 
 long and tiresome manner. P ballaadsche 
 <F parlage. 
 
 balle[*~], m, ball, bale. G Ball. 
 
 balle[*~], m, ball (of the thumb). G Ballen. 
 
 balle[*~], pp geballt, to form in a ball (of 
 snow). G ballen. 
 
 balle || brijjel[*~~~], m, bat; -britsch[*~™~], f 
 bat; -butter[*~~~], m, roll-butter; -wiesals 
 [°~"~], n, game of ball. From a rhyme re- 
 peated in the game: Balle wie sals, Butter 
 
 wie schmals. 
 balledicks[*~~], f, politics. G Politik (but 
 G bald+einmal. 
 
 wholly from E politics). 
 
 ballemol[*~ ~], soon. 
 
 balloi, balleij*"], pennyroyal. G Polei. 
 
 ballun[“*], m, balloon. G Ballon. 
 
 balluner[~~~], m, balloonist. G Ballon-+er. 
 
 balsem[*~], m, mint, garden mint, balsam. 
 G Balsam. 
 
 balsem || appel[*~~~], m, balsam-apple; =-bam 
 [*~"], m, balsam poplar, balm-of-Gilead ; 
 -tee[’~"], m, peppermint tea, tea from 
 downy mint. 
 
 balsemdemalde[~~~*~], m, balsam de Malta. 
 G Balsam+F de+G Malta. 
 
 balsemiere[~~~~], gebalsemiert, to embalm, 
 settle one’s hash (in an argument). G 
 balsamieren. 
 
 Balser[*~], m, Balthasar. dG Balzer. 
 
 balwiere[~*~], pp gebalwiert, to shave. dG 
 balbieren. G barbieren. 
 
 balwierer[-~~], m, barber. dG Balbier. G 
 Barbier. 
 
 balwier || messer[~*~~], n, razor; -pensil[-~~~], 
 m, shaving-brush; -scheed[~"], f, razor- 
 
 sheath: zseef[~~ A shaving-soap. 
 
 bam, bom|[‘], m, tree. G Baum. 
 
 bambelerwet, bembelerwet[*~~~], f, odd 
 jobs, chores. dG bambele, bambele+G 
 Arbeit. 
 
 bamble[*~], pp gebambelt, to dangle, loiter, 
 loaf. dG bambele. 
 
 bamblich[*~], dangling, wobbly, without en- 
 ergy, awkward. dG bambele. 
 
 bam || garde[~~~], m, orchard; -messer[{~~~], 
 n, pruning-hook; -moos[* ni n, tree-moss, 
 lichens; -olich[~ ~~], m, sweet- oil, olive oil, 
 dG olich =G Ol; -schul[*"], f, nursery. 
 
 bamgardegras[~ ~~~], n, orchard grass. G 
 Baumgarten+Gras. 
 
 band[’], n, band, ribbon, hinge, bandage, 
 ligature, certificate of ‘indebtedness (E), 
 bond (E). G Band. 
 
 bandwarm[*~], m, tape-worm. G_ Band- 
 wurm. 
 
22 The Pennsyloania-German Society 
 
 bang[*], afraid, timid, uneasy, fearful. G 
 bange. 
 
 bang[*], f; du brauchscht ken — hawwe, you 
 need not fear, no danger. G Bange. 
 
 bangenett, bajonett[“~~*],f, bayonet. G Bajo- 
 nett, P bankenett, <F baionnette. 
 
 bangichkeet|*~"], f, dread, fear, timidity. G 
 Bangigkeit. 
 
 bank[~], f, bench, workbench. G Bank. 
 
 bankert|*~], m, bastard G Bankert. 
 
 banne[*~], pp gebannt, to charm, fascinate, 
 subdue by secret power. G bannen. 
 
 banner|[*~], m, charmer, one who exercises 
 secret power. G Banner. 
 
 bapp[*], f, paste. G Pappe. 
 
 bappe[*~], pp gebappt, to stick, paste. G 
 pappen. 
 
 bappedeckel[*~~~], m, pasteboard, box-board. 
 G Pappedeckel. 
 
 bappich[*~], sticky. G pappig. 
 
 bapscht["], m, Pope, priest, cactus, hedgehog- 
 cactus. G Papst; asa plant the name isa 
 tr of E pope’s (-head). 
 
 bapschtkopp|~~], m, cactus, hedgehog-cactus. 
 Tr from E. 
 
 bar["], bare, naked, cash. G bar. 
 
 barbara[*~"], rhubarb, pie plant. G Rha- 
 barber. 
 
 barbarisch[~ ~~], barbarous; terribly. G bar- 
 barisch. 
 
 Bardel[*~], m, Bartholomew. dG Bardel. 
 
 Bardelmae[*~"], m, Bartholomew, St. Bar- 
 tholomew’s Day (Aug. 24). G Bartholo- 
 maus, 
 
 bare, bore[*~], m, haymow, mow. dGborrm. 
 
 barfiessich[~~~], bare-footed, said of coffee 
 without milk or sugar G barfiissig. 
 
 bargamott[*~~], m, bergamot. G Bergamott. 
 
 bargeld[~~], n, cash. G bares Geld. 
 
 bargement|*~~],n, parchment. G Pergament. 
 
 bariere[~*~], pp bariert, sich, to behave, obey; 
 es will mer narjets recht —, I am all out of 
 shape. G parieren. 
 
 barje[*~], pp gebarkt, to borrow, loan, trust, 
 give credit. Gborgen. Cf bzrje App. 
 
 barmelmaessich[~~*~], fearfully. An exag- 
 gerating compound formed of ~-barm- 
 C Nagbee sa and miassig. Cf hesseldon- 
 isch, 
 
 barmherzich[~*~], merciful. G barmherzig. 
 
 barmherzichkeet[~*~~], f, mercy. G Barm- 
 herzigkeit. 
 
 Barnd[~],m, Bernhard. G Bernhard. 
 
 barretsch, barrasch[*~], m, borage. 
 retsch. 
 
 barrick|~~], f, wig. G Periicke. 
 
 barrick|*~], m, gelded boar, barrow. dG 
 barich. 
 
 barricks|*~], tick, trust: uff —kafe. G Borg. 
 
 barriere[“*~], pp barriert, to purge, physic. 
 G purgieren. 
 
 barrierung|[~~~], f, purgation. G Purgierung. 
 
 bart["], m, beard, chin. G Bart. 
 
 barzelbaém|*~~], m, somersault; — _ schlajje, 
 to turn a somersault. G Burzelbaum. 
 
 G Bor- 
 
 barzer(d)[~~], batzert[*~], m, fowl without a 
 tail. G Biirzel, which originally meant the 
 stumpy tail of game like deer, hares, etc. 
 
 aan) “], pp gebarzelt, to tumble. G bur- 
 zeln. 
 
 bas["], m, employer, master, superintendent, 
 boss. dG bAs, baas. 
 
 baschde[*™], pp gebascht, to husk. G basten. 
 
 baschdert[*~], m, illegitimate child, cattle of 
 mixed breed, inferior plant or animal, wet 
 waste land used for pasture. dG basch- 
 dert. G Bastard. 
 
 baschdnad[*"], f, parsnip; wildi —, wild 
 parsnip. G Pastinake. 
 
 bascht[*], f, husk, inner bark. G Bast. 
 
 baschthols|*~], baschthelsel[*~~], n, husking- 
 pin. G Bast+Holz. 
 
 base[~~], pp gebast, to superintend, command, 
 boss. Ss. 
 
 ore officious, dictatorial, bossy. dG 
 
 as. 
 
 bass[~], m, bass (in music). G Bass. 
 
 der bass [*] abschneide, to head off, antici- 
 pate, forestall. G Pass: jemandem den — 
 verlegen. 
 
 bass || drumm[*~], f, bass-drum; -geik[*‘], f, 
 bass-viol; -schtimm|*~], f, bass voice; -singer 
 [*~~], m, bass singer. 
 
 basse[*~], pp gebasst, to fit, be convenient, 
 suit, poe (in cards), amble (of a horse’s 
 gait E pace). G passen. 
 
 basseltang[*~~]HLF, pastime. 
 temps. 
 
 bassiere[““~], pp bassiert, to happen. G 
 passieren. 
 
 basslich[*~], fitting, middling, tolerable. G 
 passlich. 
 
 batsch["], f, hand; di — gewwe, to shake 
 hands; ’sis alles —, it’s all gone to nothing. 
 G Patsche. 
 
 batsche[*~], pp gebatscht, to clap (the hands), 
 wade; —, — kicheli, patty cake, patty 
 cake. G patschen. 
 
 batschhand[*~], f, hand (in shaking hands). 
 G Patschhand. 
 
 batt[“], m, part; seii — nemme, to side with 
 him, take his part. Gand F part. 
 
 batte[*~], pp gebatt, to do good, help, avail, 
 give relief. dG batten. 
 
 batzich[*~], saucy, impertinent. G patzig. 
 
 bau["], m, soil, land reached by the plow. G 
 
 F passe-(le) 
 
 au. 
 
 bau || blatz[~~], m, building site; -hols[*~], n, 
 timber; -kunscht[~*~], f, architecture; -land 
 [~~], n, cultivable land dG bauerland; 
 -meeschder[~~~], m, architect; -schtee~ 
 [“"], m, building-stone. 
 
 bauch[7], m, belly, paunch. G Bauch. 
 
 bauche[*~], pp gebaucht, to boil wash. G 
 beuchen. 
 
 bauchfellich[~~~], dilapidated, corpulent. G 
 baufallig. 
 
 bauch || gart, -gatt[“~], f, belly-band, sur- 
 cingle; -gott(~~], m, belly-god,  gour- 
 mand’s delight; -griwwles[*~~], n, griping 
 
Pennsylvanta-German Dictionary 23 
 
 in the bowels; -rede[* ~~], n, ventriloquism; 
 -redner[~ ~~], m, ventriloquist; -rieme[~~~], 
 m, belly-strap; -weh[*"], n, belly-ache, 
 bowel complaint. 
 
 bauchzuwwer[~~~], m, bucking tub (for 
 bleaching linen cloth), large tub for pickling 
 meat (it had on the inside of its circum- 
 ference a wooden pipe through which the 
 pickling mixture was drawn off or re- 
 plenished). G Beuchzuber. 
 
 baue[~~], pp gebaut, to build. G bauen. 
 
 bauer[~~], m, farmer. G Bauer (but with the 
 meaning of peasant). 
 
 bauere[~~~], baure[~~], pp gebauert, to farm, 
 cultivate. dG bauern. 
 
 bau(e)re || geraedschaft[~~~~ ~~ ], f, farming 
 implements; -haus[*~~"], n, farm house; 
 zkoscht [~~~~ ], f, farmers’ fare; -schtand 
 [~~~~], m, occupation of a farmer, hus- 
 bandry. 
 
 bauerei[ ~~], f, farm. G Bauerei (but with a 
 different meaning). 
 
 bauers || bu[~~~], m, farmer’s boy; -fra[~~"], f, 
 farmer’s wife; -maedel[*~~~], n, farmer’s 
 girl; -mann[*~~], m, farmer. 
 
 bautz["], m, hobgoblin. P bautze, Maske an 
 Fastnacht. Same stem as Butzen(mann). 
 
 bawoll[~~], f, cotton. G Baumwolle. 
 
 bawollbaém[*~~], m, cottonwood. G Baum- 
 wollbaum. 
 
 bawolle[*~~], (made) of cotton. G baum- 
 wollen. 
 
 bqax[=}, baxi[-~], batschi[*~], sound of disgust 
 uttered by mothers to cause a little child 
 to desist from taking up or from taking 
 some unfit or improper object into its 
 mouth. Onomat. 
 
 be-[“], inseparable prefix of verbs and of 
 derived words, which usually becomes b- 
 before s. G be-. 
 
 beerdiche[“-~~], pp berdicht, to bury. G 
 beerdigen. 
 
 beerdichung[*-~~], f, burial, interment. G 
 Beerdigung. 
 
 beamter[~*~], m, one holding office, official. 
 G Beamter. 
 
 beantwarte[-*~~], pp beantwart, to answer a 
 question. G beantworten. 
 
 bebere[*~~], bebbere[*~~], pp gebebert, to 
 prate, nag. P bobere. 
 
 bech[*], n, pitch, shoemaker’s wax. G Pech. 
 
 beche[*~], pp gebecht, to wax (threads), pay 
 (fine). G pechen. 
 
 becher[‘~], m, goblet. G Becher. 
 
 bechli[*~], bechlein[*"], n, brook. G Bach- 
 lein. (Used only in sections where the 
 early settlers were largely of Swiss origin.) 
 
 bechschtumbe[*~~], pl, discarded waxend 
 threads with bristles. G Pech+Stumpf. 
 
 becker[*~], m, baker. G Backer. 
 
 becker || brot[*~~], n, baker’s bread; -wajje 
 ~~~], m, baker’s wagon. 
 
 beckerei[~~*], f, bakery. G Backerei. 
 
 Becki[*~], f, Rebecca, Becky. G Rebekka. 
 
 bederfe[~*~], pp bederft, to want, need. G 
 bediirfen. 
 
 bederfdich[~ ~~], poor, needy, in urgent need, 
 deserving. G bediirftig. 
 
 bederfnis[~ ~*~], n, necessity, craving of nature. 
 G Bediirfnis. 
 
 bedallje[-~~], n, battalion, drill of the militia 
 and accompanying show; es gans —, the 
 whole show. Gand F Bataillon. 
 
 bedanke[~*~], pp bedankt, sich, to thank. 
 G bedanken. 
 
 Tits tea va pitiful, sad. G bedauer- 
 ich, 
 
 bedaure[’*~], pp bedauert, to regret, pity. 
 commiserate, bewail. G bedauern. 
 
 bedecke[“*~], pp bedeckt, to cover, bedeck, 
 G bedecken. 
 
 bedeierlich{--~™~], pitiable. G bedauerlich. 
 
 bedeite[“*~], pp bedeit, to signify, mean. G 
 bedeuten. 
 
 bedeitend|[**~], considerable. G bedeutend. 
 
 bedeitlich[~~~], significant. G bedeutend. 
 
 bedeitung|*~~], f, significance, importance. 
 G Bedeutung. 
 
 bedenke[~ ~~], pp bedenkt, to consider, ponder. 
 G bedenken. 
 
 bedenklich[~*~], dubious, critical, thought- 
 provoking. G bedenklich. 
 
 bediene[“~~], pp bedient, to serve, attend, 
 fill an office. G bedienen. 
 
 bedienter, bediener[~~~], m, servant, waiter, 
 lackey. G Bedienter. 
 
 bedienung|~~~], f, office, service. G Bedie- 
 nung. 
 
 bedinge[“*~], pp bedingt, to manure. G be- 
 diingen. 
 
 bedinge[’*~], pp, bedingt, to stipulate. G 
 bedingen. 
 
 bedingung[’*~], f, condition, stipulation, ar- 
 rangement, terms. G Bedingung. 
 
 bedrachde[~*~], pp bedracht, to view, con- 
 template. G betrachten. 
 
 bedrachdung[~*~], f, consideration, medita- 
 tion. G Betrachtung. 
 
 bedraje[“~~], pp bedraje, sich, to behave. G 
 betragen. 
 
 bedrauere[~*~~], pp bedrauert, to bewail. G 
 betrauern. 
 
 bedreffe[“*~], pp bedroffe, to happen, afflict, 
 concern. G betreffen. 
 
 bedriebt[“*], sad, sorrowful. G betriibt. 
 
 bedriebung[~~~], f, sadness. G Betriibung. 
 
 bedrieje[“*~], pp bedroje, to cheat, deceive. 
 G betriigen. 
 
 bedriejer[*~~], m, cheat, trickster, shark. 
 G Betriiger. 
 
 bedriejerei[-"~*], f, cheating, roguery. G 
 Betriigerei. 
 
 bedrieklich[-*~], bedriejerisch[-“~~], decep- 
 tive. G betriiglich, betriigerisch. 
 
 bedriewe[“*~], pp bedriebt, to sadden. G 
 betriiben. 
 
 bedrinke[~’~], pp bedrunke, sich, to become 
 tipsy. G betrinken. 
 
 bedroddle[’*~], pp bedroddelt, sich, to be 
 anxious or solicitous, be fidgety (over some- 
 thing). G be+Trédel. 
 
24 The Pennsylvania-German Soctety 
 
 bedroffe[’*~], afflicted, confounded, confused. 
 G betroffen. 
 
 bedruck[~*], betruch[**], m, fraud, deceit. 
 G Betrug. 
 
 bedrunke[~ ~~], 
 trunken. 
 
 bee*["], n, leg. G Bein. 
 
 beed{"], both: alle —, both. G beide. 
 
 beemche|[* a n, little tree. G Baumchen. 
 
 beer, bier[], f, pear. G Birne. 
 
 beerebaém, bierebam[*~"], m, pear-tree. G 
 Birnenbaum. 
 
 bees["], cross, angry, offended. G bése. 
 
 bees || ding[“*], n, felon, whitlow; -fiewer 
 ["~~], n, typhoid fever. 
 
 beesheet, beesheit|~~], f, iniquity, malicious- 
 ness, spite. G Bosheit. 
 
 beet[] geh”, to go in the hole (in datte). 
 Der. unknown. 
 
 befalle[“*~], pp befalle, to befall, happen. G 
 befallen. 
 
 befehl[**], m, command, order, charge. G 
 Befehl. 
 
 befehle[-~~], pp befohle, to command, order, 
 bid. G befehlen. 
 
 befeschdiche[- “~~], pp befeschdicht, to fasten, 
 strengthen. G befestigen. 
 
 befiehle[“~~], pp befiehlt, to touch, feel of. G 
 befiihlen. 
 
 befinne[’*~], pp befunne, sich, to be (as to 
 one’s health or condition); wie befinnter 
 sich? how is he doing (of a sick person)? 
 G befinden. 
 
 beflecke[~*~], pp befleckt, to taint. G be- 
 flecken. 
 
 befolje[“*~], pp befolkt, to obey, observe. G 
 befolgen. 
 
 befoljung|[~*~], f, observance. G Befolgung. 
 
 befreie[“-~], pp befreit, to free, deliver, 
 rescue, emancipate. G befreien. 
 
 befreiung[“~~], f, deliverance, rescue, release, 
 discharge, exoneration. G Befreiung. 
 
 befreinde[~*~], pp befreindt, to befriend. G 
 befreunden. 
 
 befriediche[~*~~], pp befriedicht, to satisfy, 
 discharge (a debt). G befriedigen. 
 
 befriedichung[~~~~], f, satisfaction, content- 
 ment. G Befriedigung. 
 
 befroje[“~~], pp befrokt, to question; sich —, 
 to inquire, consult. G befragen. 
 
 begejne["~~], pp begejnet, to caeed) befall. G 
 begegnen. 
 
 begehr[~*], m, desire, request. G Begehr. 
 
 begehre[~~], pp begehrt, to desire, wish, 
 demand. G begehren. 
 
 begierich[*~~], desirous, eager, 
 begierig. 
 
 begierichkeet[“~~~], f, greediness, eagerness. 
 G Begierigkeit. 
 
 beginn[~*], m, beginning, origin. G Beginn. 
 
 beglaje, beklaje[“~~], pp beglakt, to bewail, 
 commiserate; sich —, to makea complaint, 
 complain. G bekla gen. 
 
 begleede[“*~], pp baeeodel to clothe, fill an 
 office, invest with. G bekleiden. 
 
 intoxicated, tipsy. G _ be- 
 
 greedy. G 
 
 begleede[“*~], pp begleedt, to accompany. G 
 begleiten. 
 
 begleeding[~*~], f, clothing, moulding. G 
 Bekleidung. 
 
 begleedung[-~~], f, 
 Bekleidung. 
 
 beglicke[“*"]; pp beglickt, to make happy, 
 bless. G begliicken. 
 
 begnadiche, begnaediche““~*, pp begna- 
 dicht, to pardon, favor, grant a favor. G 
 
 clothing, vesture. G 
 
 begnadigen. 
 
 begnadichung[~~~~], f, pardon. G Begnadig- 
 ung. 
 
 begraebnis[“~~], n, funeral, burial. G Be- 
 grabnis. 
 
 begraeme[““~], pp begraemt, sich, to com- 
 plain, repine. G gramen. 
 
 begrawe[“~~“], pp begrawe, to bury. G be- 
 graben. 
 
 begreckse[~*~], pp begreckst, sich, to com- 
 plain. G be+krachzen. 
 
 begreife[“~~], pp begriffe, to comprehend, con- 
 ceive, understand. G begreifen. 
 
 begreiflich[“~~], conceivable, intelligible, easy. 
 G begreiflich. 
 
 begrenke[~*~], pp begrenkt, to begrudge. G 
 bekranken. 
 
 begriff[~*], m, idea, comprehension; im —, 
 to be about to: er hott’s im — wie der 
 bettelmann di laus. G Begriff. 
 
 begucke[~*~], pp beguckt, to roe at, scruti- 
 nize. G begucken. 
 
 beherze[“*~], pp behzrzt, to embrace. G 
 beherzen. 
 
 beherziche[“*~~], pp behzrzicht, to take to 
 heart. G beherzigen. 
 
 behaft[-*], afflicted (with), subject to. G 
 behaftet. 
 
 behalde[~*~], bhalde[*~], pp same as inf, 
 palde[*~], pp gepalde, to keep. G behalten. 
 
 behandle[~*~], pp behandelt, to treat. G 
 behandeln. 
 
 behandlung|[~’~], f, treatment; schlechti —, 
 
 ont aa bad treatment. G Behand- 
 un 
 behapde[““"], p pp behapt, to assert, maintain. 
 
 G behaupten. 
 
 beheeflich[“~~], complaisant, attentive. Prob- 
 ably G behaglich influenced by E behave. 
 
 behelfe[“*~], pp beholfe, sich, to make shift. 
 G behelfen. 
 
 behenge[~*~], pp behenkt, sich, to put on 
 trinkets or jewelry for ornament. G be- 
 hangen. 
 
 behiedes|““ “], beihiedes[“*~], by thunder, 
 actually, really. G (Gott) behiit es. 
 
 behiete[“*~], pp behiet, to guard, protect, pre- 
 serve. G behiiten. 
 
 behilflich[-*~], helpful, useful. G behilflich. 
 
 bei[], near, at, amidst, among, by, in, with, 
 at the house. of, during. G bei. 
 
 bei-[7], separable prefix of verbs and prefix of 
 derived words. G bei-. 
 
 bei["], f, cradle. Cf beijo. 
 
 beizrwer[*~~], m, coheir. G Beierbe. 
 
 — se 
 
Pennsyloania-German Dictionary 25 
 
 beibringe[~~~], pp beigebrocht, to bring, ad- 
 
 minister, introduce, allude to. G_bei- 
 bringen. 
 
 beicht["], f, confession. G Beichte. 
 
 Pe: “],m, confessional. G Beicht- 
 stuhl. 
 
 beichte[*~], pp gebeicht, to confess, acknow!- 
 
 edge. G beichten. 
 
 beidel[~~], m, bolt (of a flouring-mill), scro- 
 tum, purse. G Beutel. 
 
 Sica iar aa n, bolting-cloth. G Beutel- 
 
 tucn. 
 
 beidle, beitle[~~], pp gebeidelt, to bolt (flour). 
 G beuteln. 
 
 beidraje[~~~], pp beigedraje, to carry to, con- 
 tribute. G beitragen. 
 
 beidricke[~~~]; pp beigedrickt, to press 
 against. G beidriicken. 
 
 beifahre[~~~], pp beigfahre, to haul to a 
 certain place, convey hither by vehicle. G 
 beifahren. 
 
 beifall[~~], m, applause, approbation, assent. 
 G Beifall. 
 
 beifalle[~~~], pp beigfalle, to come to one’s 
 mind, recollect. G beifallen. 
 
 beifuss[~"], m, mug-wort, 
 Beifuss. 
 
 beigrieje[~~~], pp beigrickt, to get, fetch, 
 acquire, procure. G bei+dG kriegen. 
 
 beihalte[~~~], pp beikalte, to keep in place. 
 G beihalten. 
 
 beihole[*~~], pp beikolt, to fetch, bring near. 
 G beiholen. 
 
 beijaje[“ ~~], pp beigejakt, to drive together. 
 G beijagen. 
 
 beijo[~~], f, cradle; —, beijobei, beijoli, hush- 
 a-by (ina lullaby). dG buie, boje, puje. 
 
 beikumme[*~~], pp beikumme, to come to a 
 meeting, come fortuitously, come from: 
 wu kummscht du bei? G beikommen. 
 
 beil["], n, hatchet. G Beil. 
 
 beilafe[~~~], pp beigeloffe, to come to a 
 
 artemisia. G 
 
 gathering, come by chance; __ beigeloffe, 
 stray: so en beigeloffni katz. G beilaufen. 
 beile[~~], pp gebeilt, to hew, cut. G beilen. 
 
 beileiwe["~~] net, on no account, not as you 
 value your life, don’t (you) dare to. dG 
 beileibe. 
 
 beileje[*~~], pp beigelekt, to lay by, save, 
 compromise, settle. G beilegen. 
 
 beilo[*~], hush-a-by. Cf beijo. 
 
 beilocke[*~~], pp beigelockt, to call (fowls, 
 dogs), entice. G beilocken. 
 
 beim|"]=bei em, by the; — gleene, at retail, 
 in small lots; — Bachman, at Bachman’s 
 place. G beim. 
 
 beime[~~]=bei me. G bei einem. 
 beimisse[~~~], pp beigemisst, to be constrain- 
 ed to appear, must be procured. G bei- 
 
 miuissen. : 
 beinah[~*], nearly, almost. G beinahe. 
 beiname[~~~], m, nickname. G Beiname. 
 
 beinanner[*~~], together. G beieinander. 
 beino, beinooch[{~*], almost, approximately. 
 G beinahe. 
 
 beire[*~] = bei re. G bei einer. 
 
 beiricke[~~™~], pp beigerickt, to move or take 
 a seat near, approach. G beiriicken. 
 
 beirufe[~~~], pp beigerufe, to call near or in. 
 G beirufen. 
 
 beisamme[™*~], together. G beisammen. 
 
 beischaffe[~~~], pp beigschafft, to procure, 
 provide. G beischaffen. 
 
 beischleefe[* ~~], pp beigschleeft, to drag near 
 
 or upto. G beischleifen. 
 beischpiel[~"], m, example, warning. G 
 Beispiel. 
 
 beischpringe[~~~], pp beigschprunge, to run 
 up to, succor. G beispringen. 
 
 beischteier[~~~], f, contribution. G Bei- 
 steuer. 
 
 beischteh*[*~], pp beigschtanne, to assist, 
 help, succor. G beistehen. 
 
 beiss["], m, bite (of an apple or of bread). 
 
 beissen. 
 
 beisse[~~], pp gebisse, to bite, itch, be pun- 
 gent. G beissen. 
 
 beissich[*~], biting, prone to bite, sharp, 
 
 pungent, itchy. G beissig. 
 beisszang[~~], f, pincers. G Beisszange. 
 beitsch[7], f, whip. G Peitsche. 
 beitsche[~~], pp gebeitscht, to beat, lash, 
 knock. G peitschen. 
 
 beiwart[~~], n, byword, adjective. G Bei- 
 wort. 
 beiwek[~ ], m, by-road, lane. G Beiweg. 
 
 beiwohne[~~~], pp beigewohnt, to attend, be 
 present. G beiwohnen. 
 
 beizeit["*], in good time. G beizeit(en). 
 
 bejae[-~~], pp bejdt, to affirm, answer in the 
 affirmative. G bejahen. 
 
 bejammere[~*~~], pp bejammert, to bewail, 
 bemoan. G bejammern. 
 
 bekannt[“*], known, familiar, acquainted. G 
 bekannt. 
 
 bekannter[”’~], m, acquaintance. 
 ter; 
 
 bekanntmache[“*~~], pp bekanntgemacht, to 
 announce, publish, introduce. G bekannt- 
 machen. 
 
 bekanntmachung[~*~~], f, public notice, ad- 
 vertisement. G Bekanntmachung. 
 
 bekanntschaft[-*~], f, acquaintance. G Be- 
 kanntschaft. 
 
 bekehrder[~~~], en, a convert. G Bekehrter. 
 
 bekehre[~~~], pp bekehrt, to convert; sich 
 —, to become converted. G bekehren. 
 
 bekehrung[’~~], f, conversion. G Bekehrung. 
 
 bekenne[~*~], pp bekennt, confess, acknowl- 
 edge. G bekennen. 
 
 bekenntnis[“*~], n, confession. G Bekennt- 
 nis. 
 
 bekeschdiche[~*~~], pp bekeschdicht, to fur- 
 nish food, board. G bekéstigen. 
 
 bekimmere[’*~~], pp bekimmert, sich, to 
 trouble oneself, be concerned about. G 
 bekiimmern. 
 
 bekimmerlich[“*~~], pitiful, poorly. G_ be- 
 kiimmerlich. 
 
 G Bekann- 
 
26 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 bekimmernis[’*~~], f, concern. G Bekiim- 
 mernis. 
 beklachder[**~], m, defendant. G Beklagter. 
 
 beklajer, beklaejer[“~~], m, accuser. G Be- 
 klager. 
 
 bekreftiche[’*~~], pp bekrefticht, to confirm, 
 assert strongly. G bekraftigen. 
 
 bekumme[~*~], pp bekumme, to receive, agree » 
 
 (of food), become, fit well (of a garment). 
 G bekommen (in last two meanings from 
 E become). 
 
 belajre[“~~], 
 belagern. 
 
 belaschde[~*~], pp belaschdet, to burden. G 
 belasten. 
 
 belebt[“*], vivacious. G belebt. 
 
 beleidiche[**~~], pp  beleidicht, to insult, 
 offend. G beleidigen. 
 
 beleidichung[~~~~], f, 
 Beleidigung. 
 
 beleje[“*~], pp belekt, mit, to cover with. 
 G belegen. 
 
 belewe[’~~], pp belebt, to vivify, enliven. G 
 beleben. 
 
 beliebt[“*], liked, in favor, beloved, popular. 
 G beliebt. 
 
 belieje[--~], pp belojje, to belie. G beliigen. 
 
 bell[“], f, bell. G Bell (now obsolete). 
 
 bella[*~], king and queen of trumps in the 
 game of datte. G Bella, but der. obscure. 
 
 belle[’~], pp gebellt, to ring a bell, serenade a 
 newly-married couple. Cf bell. 
 
 belle[*~], pp gebellt, to tattle. G bellen. 
 
 belle || gnippel[*~ ~~], m, bell-clapper; -schtrick 
 [*~~], m, bell-cord. 
 
 bellere[‘~~], pp gebellert, to ask continually, 
 importune, pester. G bdllern. 
 
 bellhammel[*~~], m, bellwether, leader (of 
 a gang). G Bellhammel. 
 
 belohne, beluhne{~*~], pp belohnt, to reward, 
 compensate, recompense. G belohnen. 
 
 belohnung, belohning[~~~], f, reward, com- 
 pensation. G Belohnung. 
 
 belowe[~~~], pp belobt, to praise. G beloben. 
 
 bels[~], m, pelt, fur, matted growth of hair or 
 grass. G Pelz. 
 
 belse[*~], pp gebelst, to beat, flog, lam. G 
 pelzen. 
 
 belsich[*~], pithy, spongy (of fruit, radishes, 
 etc.). G pelzig. 
 
 belskapp|*~], f, fur cap, head: letz in der —. 
 G Pelzkappe. 
 
 Belsnickel[*~~], m, St. Nicholas, Santa Claus. 
 G Pelz+Nickel < Nikolaus. 
 
 beluchse[~~~], pp beluchst, to cheat. dG be- 
 luchsen < Luchs. 
 
 Belzibopp[* ~~], m, Beelzebub. G Beelzebub. 
 
 bemerricke[“*~~], pp bemerrickt, to remark, 
 take heed. G bemerken. 
 
 oy Sepeigiapee A observable. G bemerk- 
 
 ar. 
 bemerricklich[“*~~], noticeable. G bemerk- 
 
 pp belajert, to besiege. G 
 
 insult, offence. G 
 
 ich. 
 bemeerrickung[~*~™~], f, remark. G Bemerk- 
 ung. 
 
 bembeldak[*~], m, day on which no regular 
 work is done, a day off. dG bambele+G 
 
 Tag. 
 
 bemble[*”], pp gebembelt, to hang loosely, 
 fool away time. dG bambele (same stem 
 as bimmeln, to ring). 
 
 bemiehe[“*~], pp bemieht, sich, to go to 
 trouble, exert oneself. G bemiihen. 
 
 bename[~*~], pp bendmt, to name, give a 
 name, denominate. G benamen. 
 
 bendel, bennel[*~], m, string, tape; di —, 
 the lines (in driving), G Bandel, dG 
 bennel. 
 
 bender[*~], m, panther. G Panther (but 
 probably wholly from E panther). 
 
 benediktinwarzel[~~*~~~], f, avens. G Bene- 
 diktinwurz. 
 
 benenne[”*~], pp benennt, to giveaname. G 
 
 benennen. 
 
 benennung[~*™~], f, denomination. G Benen- 
 nung. 
 
 benewwelt[-*~], slightly intoxicated. G be- 
 nebelt. 
 
 bengel|[*~], m, stout lad. G Bengel. 
 
 benkel[*™], n, little bench. Dim of G Bank. 
 
 benniche[*~~], pp gebennicht, to subdue, 
 conquer. G bandigen. 
 
 benoochrichte[“*~~], pp benoochrichtet, to 
 notify, apprize. G benachrichtigen. 
 
 bensegras|[*~~], n, rush, bog rush. G Binse+- 
 Gras influenced by E bend. 
 
 bensel[*™], n, silly child (usually applied play- 
 fully). dG bensel, G Pinsel. 
 
 benutze[’*~], pp benutzt, to use, make profit 
 
 G benutzen. 
 
 beobachtung[~*~~], f, observance. G Beo- 
 bachtung. 
 
 bequem[**], convenient, fitting, easy, com- 
 fortable. G bequem. 
 
 berausche[~~~], pp berauscht, to intoxicate. 
 G berauschen. 
 
 berawe[~*~], pp berabt, to rob, bereave, strip 
 of. G berauben. 
 
 berechtiche[“*~~], pp berechticht, to give a 
 right, entitle. G berechtigen. 
 
 berede[“~~], pp beredt, to persuade. G 
 bereden. 
 
 bereechere[~*~~], pp bereechert, to treat a 
 horse with vapor from rosin, tar, etc., for 
 pneumonia and distemper. G berduchern. 
 (This is the only word in the dialect in 
 which the stem Rauch (itself rare) is found.) 
 
 bereie[“~~], pp bereit, to repent. G bereuen. 
 
 bereit[““], ready, prepared, prompt. G be- 
 reit. 
 
 bericht[“*], m, report. G Bericht. 
 
 berichte[“*~], pp bericht, to report, give in- 
 formation of. G berichten. 
 
 beriehmt[~*], famous, celebrated, renowned, 
 distinguished. G beriihmt. 
 
 berode[“*~], pp berode, to take counsel, de- 
 liberate. G beraten. 
 
 berotschlajje[--~~], pp berotgschlajje, to 
 deliberate, exchange views. G_ beratschla- 
 gen. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 27 
 
 beruf[~*], m, calling. G Beruf. 
 
 beruhiche[~~~~], pp beruhicht, 
 pacify. G beruhigen. 
 
 For other words under b(e)s- see bs-. 
 
 wes? anxious, solicitous. 
 
 b(e)schaediche[*~*] pp b(e)schaedicht, to 
 injure. G beschadigen. 
 
 beschdle[*~], pp gebeschdelt, to work at a 
 small job (especially in wood), tinker. G 
 basteln. 
 
 bescheide[~*~], modest. G bescheiden. 
 
 b(e)schenke[~*~], pp b(e)schenkt, to make a 
 present, present. G beschenken. 
 
 b(e)schisser|~*~], m, cheater, dishonest per- 
 son, fraud, crook. dG beschisser. 
 
 beschitze[~*~], pp beschitzt, to protect. G 
 beschiitzen. 
 
 beschitzer[~*~], m, patron. G Beschiitzer. 
 
 b(e)schliesse[“*~], pp b(e)schlosse, to con- 
 clude, resolve, finish. G beschliessen. 
 
 b(e)schluss[’*], m, resolution, conclusion. G 
 Beschluss. 
 
 beschreiwe[“~~], pp beschriwwe, to describe. 
 G beschreiben. 
 
 beschreiwung[**~], f, description. G Be- 
 schreibung. 
 
 bescht[~], best. G best. 
 
 b(e)schtaetiche[“*~~], pp b(e)schtaeticht, to 
 confirm, ratify. G bestatigen. 
 
 beschteh*[**], pp beschtanne, to consist. G 
 bestehen. 
 
 beschtennich[~*~], constantly. G bestandig. 
 
 b(e)schtimme[~*~], pp b(e)schtimmt, to set 
 a date for, fix conditions, bespeak; b(e)- 
 schtimmt, fixed, set, definite. G bestim- 
 men. 
 
 beschtli[*~], n, small calabash. Dim of G 
 Kalabasche. 
 
 beschtrofe[“~~], pp beschtroft, 
 avenge. G bestrafen. 
 
 beschuldiche[“*~~], pp beschuldicht, to in- 
 criminate, accuse. G beschuldigen. 
 
 beschwerde[~*~], trouble, sorrow. G _ Be- 
 schwerden. 
 
 beschwere[~~~], pp beschwert, sich, to com- 
 plain (about). G beschweren. 
 
 beschwerlich[~~~], burdensome, troublesome, 
 cumbersome. G beschwerlich. 
 
 bese(m)[*~], m, broom. G Besen. 
 
 bese(m) || schtiel[*~ ~], m, broomstick; -welsch- 
 karn[{~~~~], n, broom-corn. 
 
 besereis[~~~], n, heath aster, Michaelmas 
 daisy. G Besenreis. 
 
 b(e)sinne[~*~], pp b(e)sunne, sich, to con- 
 
 to quiet, 
 
 G be- 
 
 to punish, 
 
 sider, think over, remember, recall. G 
 besinnen. 
 
 b(e)sitze[’’~], pp b(e)sesse, to possess. G 
 besitzen. 
 
 b(e)sitzer[~*~], m, possessor, owner, occupant. 
 
 Besitzer. 
 
 besser [~~], better; — weerre, to improve (in 
 
 sickness). G besser. 
 
 bessering[* ~~], {, improvement, convalescence. 
 G Besserung. 
 
 bessre[*~], pp gebessert, ‘sich, to improve, 
 
 mend, do better. G bessern. 
 betacht[“~], advanced in years. G betagt. 
 Betdak[*"], m, Thanksgiving Day, fast-day. 
 G Bettag. 
 
 bete[~~], pp gebet, to pray. G beten. 
 
 bet || haus[~"], n, house of prayer; -schtunn 
 rade tt ait of prayer, prayer-meeting. 
 
 betschle[* “], pp gebetschelt, to pat (-a-cake). 
 G patscheln. Cf batsch. 
 
 bett[“], n, bed, sheaves of grain for one 
 threshing by machine, layer of grain for one 
 threshing by flail; glee’ —, trundle-bed. 
 G Bett. 
 
 bettt’) n, bed (for flowers or vegetables). 
 
 eet; 
 
 bett || deck[*“], f, bedcover, counterpane; 
 zduch[*~], n, sheet; -lad[*"], f, bedstead; 
 -laedel[* ~~], n, trundle-bed; -laejerich[’ ~~~], 
 bedfast; -pisser[* ~~], m, piss-a-bed; -poschde 
 [*~~], m, bed-post; -sach[*~], n, bedding; 
 -schisser[*~~], m, immature contemptible 
 fellow; -schprae[*~], f, bed-spread; -schtolle 
 [‘~~], m, bed-post; -schtrick[*~], m, bed- 
 cord; -schtubb[*~], f, bedroom; -seecher 
 [*~~], m, piss-a-bed, dandelion; -zeit[*"], f, 
 bedtime; -ziech[* "], f, case for feather-bed. 
 
 bettel[*~], gotts, confound it! was der —! 
 what the deuce! des biet der —, that beats 
 
 the Dutch; zum — geh’, to go to the 
 deuce; dausich —! good heavens! G 
 Bettel. 
 
 Bettelhem, Bettlehem[*~~], n, Bethlehem; 
 noch — geh’, to go to bed. (This expres- 
 sion was in use long before Bethlehem, Pa., 
 was founded.) G Bethlehem. 
 
 bettel || laus[*~~], f, stickseed; -mann[*~™], m, 
 
 eggar. 
 
 bettladwans[*~~], f, bedbug. G Bettlade+ 
 Wanze. 
 
 bettle[*~], pp gebettelt, to beg. G betteln. 
 
 bettler[*~], m, beggar. G Bettler. 
 
 Betz["], f, Elizabeth. G (Elisa)beth. 
 
 bevor|~*], before. G bevor. 
 
 bew4ahre[~~~], pp bewahrt, to keep, keep safe, 
 guard, preserve. G bewahren. 
 
 beweine[“~~], pp  beweint, 
 beweinen. 
 
 beweis[“*], m, proof. 
 
 beweise[~~~], 
 beweisen. 
 
 beweisung[’*~], f, proof, reference. 
 weisung. 
 
 beweje[“~~], pp bewekt, to move, stir, affect. 
 G bewegen. 
 
 bewejung|’-~], f, motion, exercise. G Be- 
 wegung. 
 
 beweklich{*= “J, movable. G beweglich. 
 
 bewilliche[“*~~], pp bewillicht, to consent to, 
 allow. G tewuilive 
 
 bewillkumme[~*~~], pp bewillkummt, to wel- 
 come. G bewillkommen. 
 
 bewohnbar[~~"], inhabitable. G bewohnbar. 
 
 bewohne[~~~], pp bewohnt, to inhabit. G 
 bewohnen. 
 
 to lament. G 
 
 G Beweis. 
 pp bewisse, to prove. G 
 
 G Be- 
 
28 The Pennsylvania-German Soctety 
 
 bewohner[~*~], m, inhabitant. G Bewohner. 
 
 Bewwil’~], f, Babby, Barbara. G Barbel- 
 (chen). 
 
 bezerrick[~*~], n, district, circuit; 
 in the environs. G Bezirk. 
 
 bezahle[’*~], pp bezahlt, to pay. G bezahlen. 
 
 bezahling, bezahlung[*~~], f, pay, fee, com- 
 pensation, payment. G Bezahlung. 
 
 bezahisdak["~“], m, pay-day. G Bezahlungs 
 +Tag. 
 
 bezeije[’“~], pp bezeikt, to attest, depose, 
 specify, denote. G bezeugen, bezeigen. 
 
 bezeijung[“~~], f, specification. G Bezeu- 
 gung. 
 
 bezwenge[~“~], pp bezwengt, to force. G be- 
 zwangen. 
 
 bibs[“], m, bibbeli[*~~], n, penis. G Piep-. 
 
 bichelche[‘ ~~], n, little book. G Biichelchen. 
 
 bicher || binner[*~~~], m, bookbinder; -schank 
 [*~~], m, bookcase. 
 
 bichs[*], f, rifle, female pudendum. G Biichse. 
 
 bichse || kolwe[*~~~], m, gunstock; -laf[*~], 
 m, rifle-barrel; -macher[*~~~], m, gunsmith; 
 -schloss[*~~], n, lock of a rifle; -schtock[*~™], 
 m, butt-end of a rifle, mandrel. 
 
 bicke[*~], pp gebickt, sich, to stoop, bow. 
 G biicken. 
 
 bie! bie !{"], call for chickens. dG bieb. 
 
 biebche[~~], n, little boy. Dim of G Bube, 
 Biibchen. 
 
 biebelche[*~~], biebche, biebli[*~], n, chick. 
 Diminutives from dG bieb, piepen. 
 
 biebliwelschkarn[*~~~], n, pop-corn. 
 
 biebse, piepse[~~], gebiebst, to peep (of 
 chickens), mention, ail, be sick; zr hott 
 ken wart gebiebst, he did not breathe a 
 word (about it). G piepsen. 
 
 biebser[~~], m, gaps (in chicks), cold in the 
 head. G piepsen. 
 
 biebsich[~~], sickly, ailing (usually of fowls). 
 G piepsig. 
 
 bieje[~~], pp geboje, to bend. G biegen. 
 
 biekmaschien[~~~], f, bending-machine. G 
 Biegmaschine. 
 
 bieksam|*~], pliable. G biegsam. 
 
 bier[7], n, beer. G Bier. 
 
 bier || bottel[“~~], f, beer-bottle; drinker 
 [~~~], m, drinker of beer; -fass[*~], n, beer- 
 keg; -glas[~~], n, beer-glass; -hef[~*~], yeast; 
 -wajje[~~~], m, brewer’s truck. 
 
 biesse[*~], pp gebiesst, to atone (for). G 
 biissen. 
 
 biete[*~], pp gebotte, to bid, surpass, beat 
 (last two meanings from E beat). G 
 bieten. 
 
 bieter{*~], m, bidder. G Bieter. 
 
 biffel[*~], m, cow without horns, blockhead. 
 G Biiffel. 
 
 biffelochs[*~~], m, blockhead. G Biiffelochs. 
 
 _ bigott[~*], by God, by thunder. dG bigott. 
 
 bijjel || duch[*~~], n, ironing-cloth; -eise[*~ ~~], 
 n, flatiron. 
 
 bijjele[*~~], pp gebijjelt, to iron. G biigeln. 
 
 bijjlerei{-~~], f, (confounded) ironing. G 
 Biiglerei. 
 
 im —, 
 
 bild["], n, picture, image, likeness. G Bild. 
 
 bilde[*~], pp gebildet, to shape, form; sich 
 —, to become educated. G bilden. 
 
 bilder || buch[*~~], n, picture-book; -schtecher 
 [~~~], m, engraver. 
 
 bildnis[*~], n, efigy. G Bildnis. 
 
 bildung[*~], f, refinement. G Bildung. 
 
 billich[*~], cheap. G billig. 
 
 billiche[*~~], pp gebillicht, to grant, approve. 
 G billigen. 
 
 billicher[*~~], cheaper. G billiger. 
 
 billichscht[*~], cheapest. G billigst. 
 
 billjon[“*], f, billion. G Billion. 
 
 bimschtee*[*~], m, pumice. G Bimstein. 
 
 bindel, bundel[*~], m, bundle. G Biindel. 
 
 bindnis[*~], n, alliance. G Biindnis. 
 
 binn[~], f, bandage. G Binde. 
 
 binne[*~], pp gebunne, to bind (together), tie. 
 G binden. 
 
 binner[’~], m, binder (in harvest). G Binder. 
 
 binnschtriche[*~~], m, hyphen. G _ Binde- 
 strich. 
 
 binse[‘~], f, great bulrush. G Binse. 
 
 birjer[*~], m, citizen. G Biirger. 
 
 birjerhaft[*~~], naturalized. G Biirger+haft. 
 
 bis[“], until, up to, asfaras. G bis. 
 
 bischel[*~], n, small woods, small handful (of 
 grass, weeds). Dim of G Busch. 
 
 bischop, bischof[*~], m, bishop. G Bischof. 
 
 bisher[*~], hitherto. G bisher. 
 
 biss[~], m, bite, sting. G Biss. 
 
 bissel, bissli[*~], n, bit, a little, a short while. 
 dG bissel, bissli. 
 
 bissich[*~], biting. G bissig. 
 
 bisskatz[*~], f, skunk. G Piss+Katze. 
 
 bisskatze || fett[(*~~~], n, skunk-oil; -graut 
 [*~~"], n, skunk-cabbage; -haut[*~~7], f, 
 skunk’s pelt. 
 
 bitt[“], f, plea. G Bitte. 
 
 bitte[*~], pp gebitt, to ask, pray, beseech. 
 G bitten. 
 
 bitter[*~], bitter. G bitter. 
 
 bitter || erd[*”~], f, magnesia; -kersch[*~], f, 
 wild-cherry; -siess[*~~], n, bittersweet. 
 
 bitterkneeterich[-~-~~], m, smartweed. G 
 Bitterknéterich. 
 
 bitters[*~], n, bitters, drink of spirits. G 
 Bitteres. 
 
 bitterschtengel[*~~~], m, daisy fleabane. 
 below. 
 
 bitter || schtengel[*~~~], m, -weermet[~~*~], m, 
 
 Roman wormwood, bitterweed, hog-weed. 
 
 bittre || bitter || schtengel[*~~~], m, great rag- 
 weed; -selat[*~~~], m, dandelion. 
 
 bittschrift[*~], f, petition. G Bittschrift. 
 
 Biwel[*~], f, Bible. G Bibel. 
 
 biwelschpruch[*~~], m, scripture text. G 
 Bibelspruch. 
 
 blabbe[*~JEH =blacke. 
 
 blabbere, plappere[*~~], pp geblabbert, to 
 chatter, talk fast, blab. G plappern. 
 
 blabberich[*~~], blabbing. G plappern+ig. 
 
 blabbermaul, plappermaul{*~ [, n, chatterbox, 
 blabber. G Plappermaul. 
 
 See 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 29 
 
 blacke[*~], m, spot, patch, small piece of 
 cloth. dG blacke. 
 
 blackeweis[*~~], in spots, in limited localities. 
 dG blacke+G Weise. 
 
 blackich[*~], spotted. dG blacke+ig. 
 
 blerre[*~], pp geblerrt, to low, bawl, bleat. 
 G plarren. 
 
 blaeser[~~], m, puff-adder, blowing-adder. G 
 Blaser. 
 
 blaffe[*~], pp geblafft, to bark. G blaffen. 
 
 blaffze[* ~](rare) = blaffe. 
 
 blan, plan[], m, plan, design. G Plan. 
 
 blandasch(e)[~~~], planddsch[~*], f, farm, lot 
 (in derision). dG plantage <F plantage. 
 
 blane, plane[*~], pp geblant, to plan, design. 
 G planen. 
 
 blank, plank[~], f, plank. G Planke. 
 
 blanke, planke[*~], pp geblankt, to cover with 
 planks. G planken. 
 
 blans[~], f, plant. G Pflanze. 
 
 blanse, planse[*~], pp geblanst, to plant. G 
 pflanzen. 
 
 blanset[*~], f, (a) planting. dG blanset. 
 
 blans || grumbeer[*~ °], f, seed-potato; -welsch- 
 karn[*~~], n, seed-corn. 
 
 blaschder, plaschder[*™], n, plaster, salve, 
 wearisome talker. G Pflaster. 
 
 blaschdere[*~~], pp geblaschdert, to cover 
 with a plaster, treat (oneself) with salve or 
 ointment. G pflastern. 
 
 blass[~], pale, dim, indistinct G blass. 
 
 blatsche, platsche[*~], pp geblatscht, to splash, 
 bring the feet down flat, give a report, 
 patter, clap, tattle. G platschen. 
 
 blatscher[*~], m, tattler, gossip, tale-bearer. 
 G platschen. 
 
 blatschich[*~], splashing (of a downpour): en 
 -er rejje. G platschig. 
 
 blatt[], n, pl bletter, leaf, blade, page. G 
 Blatt. 
 
 blatt, platt[“], f, plate (of a stove). G Platte. 
 
 blatt[“], smooth and even: en -erschtee’. G 
 platt. 
 
 blatt || deitsch[*"], n, Plattdeutsch, Low Ger- 
 man; -fiessich[*~~], flat-footed;-zinn[*~], n, 
 tin-foil. 
 
 blatz, platz[“], m, pl bletz, place, farmstead; 
 im — vun, instead of. G Platz. 
 
 blatze[*~], pp geblatzt, to burst from internal 
 pressure. G platzen. 
 
 blatzrejje, platzrejje[*~~], m, downpour. G 
 Platzregen. 
 
 blatzweis, bletzweis[*~], in places, scattering- 
 ly. G Platz+Weise. 
 
 blauderjacht|[*~~], f, gossiping tour. G Plau- 
 der+Jagd. 
 
 blaudre, plaudre[~~], pp geblaudert, to talk, 
 chat. G plaudern. 
 
 blaudrich, plaudrich[*~], talkative, friendly. 
 G plauderig. 
 
 blaum[7], f, plum. G Pflaume. 
 
 blaume || bam[~~"], m, plum-tree; -schtee” 
 [~~], m, plum-stone. 
 
 blech["], n, tin, tincup. G Blech. 
 
 bleche[*~], (of) tin. G blechen. 
 
 bleche[*~], pp geblecht, to suffer (for), pay. 
 G slang blechen. 
 
 blechegscherr[*~~], n, tinware. G _ Blech- 
 geschirr. 
 
 blechel[*~], n, porringer. G Blech-+el. 
 
 blechich[*~], (of) tin, tinny. G blech-+ig. 
 
 blech || schmitt[*~], m, tin-smith; -voll[*~], 
 n, tincupful; -war[*”], n, tinware. 
 
 bleckche, bleckli[*~], n, small patch, small 
 spot. Dims of dG blacke. 
 
 blecke[*~], pp gebleckt, di zaeh”, to show the 
 
 teeth (in smiling or anger). dG blecken. 
 Cf blicke. 
 
 blecke[*~], pp gebleckt, to bleat, baa. G 
 bl6ken. 
 
 bleech["], pale. G bleich. 
 bleech["], f, greensward for bleaching, bleach- 
 
 ery: wesch uff di — leje. G Bleich+ 
 (Anger). 
 
 bleeche[*~], pp gebleecht, to bleach, lose 
 color, fade. G bleichen. 
 
 bleed|["], diffident, retiring, weak (of the eyes). 
 G bléde. 
 
 bleedheet[~“], f, diffidence, bashfulness. G 
 Bloédheit. 
 
 bleedle[~~], pp gebleedelt, to inoculate (trees). 
 G Blatt. 
 
 bleedsinn[~~], m, imbecility. G Blédsinn. 
 
 blei[7], n, lead. G Blei. 
 
 blei || schaffer[*~~], m, plumber; -weiss[*"], n, 
 whitelead; -zucker[~~~], m, sugar of lead. 
 
 bleiwe[~~], pp gebliwwe, to stay, remain; — 
 losse, to let alone, do without. G bleiben. 
 
 blenselche[*~~], n, small plant, seedling. G 
 Pflanzelchen. 
 
 bleschder[*™], f, plaster. G Pflaster. 
 
 bleschderkell[*~~], f, trowel. G Pflasterkelle. 
 
 bleschdre[*~], pp gebleschdert, to plaster. G 
 pflastern. 
 
 bleschdrer[*~], m, plasterer. G Pflasterer. 
 
 bless[“], f, mouth, phiz, white spot on the 
 forehead of a cow or horse. G Blasse. 
 
 blessgsicht[*~], n, white face (of a horse). G 
 Blasse + Gesicht. 
 
 blessier[~~], f, pleasure, pastime; — dreiwe, 
 to amuse oneself. G Plasier <F plaisir. 
 
 blessiere[~~~], pp blessiert, sich, to amuse 
 oneself, have a good time. Verb from 
 blessier. 
 
 blessierlich[“*~], pleasant, agreeable. G pli- 
 sierlich. 
 
 bletsche[*~], pp gebletscht, to strike with the 
 open hand, spank. G platschen, dG 
 blatsche. 
 
 bletschle[*~], pp gebletschelt, to pat. Dim of 
 
 G Plattchen. 
 
 bletsche. 
 
 blettche, blettli[*~], n, saucer. 
 
 blettlich[*~] schneide, to slice, cut in disks (as 
 potatoes). dG blattlich < Platte. 
 
 blettre[~~], pp geblettert, to turn the pages 
 of a book. G blattern. 
 
 blettrich[*~], leaved, leafy. G blatterig. 
 
 bletzel, pletzel[*~], n, place. Dim of G 
 
 Platz. 
 bletzlich[*~], suddenly. G plétzlich. 
 
30 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 blick[“], m, look, glance, cast of the eye. G 
 Blick. 
 
 blick || erbs[*~], f, pea grown for the pea as 
 distinguished from zuckererbs grown for 
 
 the pod; -bohn[‘"], f, shell bean. 
 blicke[*~], pp geblickt, to peep (of the sun). 
 blicken. 
 blicke[*~], pp geblickt, to shell (beans or peas): 
 fliicken. 
 blicke[*~], pp geblickt; di zaeh” —, to show 
 the teeth. dGblecken. Cf blecke. 
 
 blicki[*~], n, small tin kettle, blickey, milk- 
 pan, any tin vessel smaller than a pail. G 
 Blech. 
 
 bliehe[*~], pp geblieht, to bloom. G bliihen. 
 
 blieh(i)ch[{*~], in bloom, blooming continually. 
 dG bliche. 
 
 bliehknopp[*~], m, flower-bud. G _ Bliiten- 
 knopf 
 
 blieh(t)("], f, blossoms (collective), inflores- 
 
 cence. G Bliite. 
 blimmche[*~], n, little flower. G Bliimchen. 
 ~-“], n, blindman’s buff. G 
 
 blind|*], blind. G blind. 
 blindemeisell|* 
 blinde+Maus (G = Blindekuh-spiel). 
 blindhalfter[’~~], f, blindhalter, blinkers. G 
 blind + Halfter. 
 blindheet[*~], f, blindness. G Blindheit. 
 blinsle[*~], pp geblinselt, to blink, wink. G 
 blinzeln. 
 blitz[‘], m, lightning, 
 menses. G Blitz, 
 
 flash of lightning, 
 
 blitze[*~], pp geblitzt, to lighten. G blitzen. 
 
 blitzeblo[*~"], dark blue; — un dunnergrie’; 
 — verfrore. 
 
 blo[}, blue. G blau. 
 
 Bloberrick[~*~], m, Blue Mountain. (Both 
 the E and the G name were given because 
 of the characteristic color of the mountain 
 range when viewed from a distance.) 
 
 bloberricktee, bloberrjertee[“*~"], m, Blue 
 Mountain tea, sweet-scented goldenrod. 
 
 blobzrrjer{["*~], m, person living on or near 
 the Blue Mountain. G blau+Berg. 
 bloberrjergras["’~~], n, broom-sedge, broom- 
 
 grass. 
 
 blo || bottel[*~~], f, corn-flower, bluebottle; 
 -gras[~"], n, Canada blue grass, wire grass; 
 zhols[~~], n, logwood; -huschde["~~], m, 
 whooping cough. G blau+Husten (G= 
 Keuchhusten); -vojjel[*~~], m, bluebird. 
 
 blobottlicher[*~~™], pl, grape hyacinth. Dim 
 of PG blobottel. 
 
 block[“], m, log. G Block. 
 
 block || haus|* “],n, log house; -heisel[*~~], n 
 log cabin; -hitt[*~],f, log hut; -scheier[*~ 8 
 , log barn; -schlidde[? ~~], m, sled, logging 
 
 sled. 
 bloder[~~], f, blister. dG bloder, G Blatter. 
 blodre[~~], pp geblodert, to blister. dG 
 
 bloder. 
 bloje, ploje[~~], pp geblokt, to tease, torment, 
 pester; sich —, to drudge. G plagen. 
 blok, plok[*], f, toil, rane yi sickness, plague, 
 ailment. G Plage. 
 
 blos["], f, bubble, bladder, blister. G Blase. 
 
 plosballick{~~~}, m, bellows, boastful person. 
 G Blasebalg. 
 
 blose[~*~], pp geblose, to blow, brag, scold. 
 
 blasen. 
 
 blos || harn[~~], mn, dinner-horn, braggart; 
 -rohr[~~], n, blow-horn, blow-hard. 
 
 bloss["], bare, naked, simply. G bloss. 
 
 blott[“], bare, bald, uncovered. dG blott. 
 
 blott || keppich[*~~], baldheaded, bare-headed; 
 zkopp[*~], m, bald-head, baldheaded person; 
 -schal[* “|, f, baldheaded person, head: eens 
 uff di — gewwe. dG blott+G Schale. 
 
 blotz[-], m, jolt. dG blotze. 
 
 blotze[*~], pp geblotzt, to jolt, jounce, bruise 
 by falling. dG blotze, G platzen. 
 
 blotzer[*~], m, thank-you-ma’am. dG blotze. 
 
 blotzwajje[*~ oy m, wagon without springs, 
 farm wagon. dG blotze+G Wagen. 
 
 bluje, pluje[~~], pp geblukt, to plow. G 
 pfliigen. 
 
 bluk, pluk["], m, pl bliek, plow. G Pflug. 
 
 bluks {| (bluk || pluk ||) grendel[~~~], m, plow 
 beam; -hendel[*~~], m, plowhandle; -nas[*"], 
 dh point of a plowshare; -sech[~~], n, coulter 
 (Sech itself means coulter in G); -wok[*"], 
 f, double-tree used in plowing. 
 
 bluk || pluk || schar[*~], n, plowshare; -schleef 
 
 ~"], f, plow shoe, plow ‘drag: -schtrang[~~], 
 
 m, iron plow-trace. 
 
 blumm[*], f, flower; -e, menses. G Blume. 
 
 blumme || bam[*~ ae m, rose of Sharon; -bett 
 Retin Beier flower-bed: -blatt[*~"], n, petal; 
 -freind|’~ 8 Rese lover of flowers; -graut|* ~~], 
 cauliflower; -haffe[*~~~], m, flower-pot; 
 -kenner[’ ~~~, m, botanist; -knopp[*~™~], m, 
 flower-bud; -krans[*~~], m, wreath, garland, 
 border of flowers; -land{*~ gh es flowerbed: 
 -ring[*~~], m, wreath of flowers, circular 
 flowerbed; -schtab[’~ “1, m, pollen: -schtiel 
 [*~"], m, petiole; -schtock[*~™~],m, flowering- 
 plant; -schtrauss[*~"], m, bouquet, posy, 
 stalk with a flower; -some, -sume[*~~~], m, 
 flower seed; -vojjel{* ~~ “], m, humming bird. 
 
 Blummefra[-~ "], f, Virgo (sign of the zodiac); 
 (b-) woman who is very fond of flowers, 
 woman who sells flowers. G Blumen+ 
 Frau. 
 
 blummich[*~], flowery, flowered. G blumig. 
 
 blump(s)[“], bump! thud! G plump. 
 
 blumpsack[*~], m, game played with a knotted 
 handkerchief with which blows are dealt. 
 G Plumpsack. 
 
 bluscht["], f, (collective) bloom, blossoms. 
 dG bluest. 
 
 blut["], n, blood. G Blut. 
 
 blute[*~], pp geblut, to bleed (also of trees and 
 plants). G bluten. 
 
 blut || fink[~~], m, scarlet tanager; -gschwere 
 {[-"~], m, carbuncle; -hund[*~], m, blood- 
 hound; -oder[*~~], f, vein; -rot[*~],red as 
 blood; -schtzrz[*~], m, hemorrhage; -schtee 
 “[-"], m, bloodstone; -schwamm{[*~], m, 
 fungus haematodes; -suckler[*~™~], m, leech, 
 bloodsucker; -vojjel[*~~], m, scarlet tanager; 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 31 
 
 -warscht|[*~],f, blood-pudding; -warzel[*~™], 
 f, bloodroot, turmeric; -wasser[~~~], serum. 
 blutich[~~], bloody. G blutig. 
 blutsfreind[~~], m, relative. G Blutfreund. 
 bobb/*], f, doll, baby, puppet. P bobb. 
 bobbel|[* I, bobbeli[*~*1, n, baby. Dim of 
 dG bob 
 
 Bien. pp gebobert, to evince unrest, 
 complain, nag; bobert’s dich? dG bobere. 
 
 boberich[~~~], querulous, loquacious. dG 
 bobere. 
 
 boche[*~], pp gebocht, to boast. G pochen. 
 
 bock[~], m, pl beck, ram, buck. G Bock. 
 
 bockbier[* ~], n, bock-bier. G Bockbier. 
 
 bocke[*~], pp gebockt, to be in heat, rut. G 
 bocken. 
 
 cranial “], m, stellate sedge. G Bocks- 
 
 art. 
 
 bockschprung[*~], m, short jump, buck-jump, 
 gambol, caper. G Bocksprung. 
 
 bockseckel[*~~], n, shepherd’s-purse. PG 
 name from shape of seed vessels. G 
 Bock + Sickel. 
 
 en bockseckel[*~~] 4~henke, said of a person 
 in quoits who makes a score of less than 6. 
 G Bock+Sackel. 
 
 bockseckle[*~~], pp gebockseckelt, to rob, 
 defraud. Probably P buxe-+seckel (buxe 
 =G Hosen). 
 
 Bockslochgrie™[““*];, wu gehscht hi? noch 
 — buhne roppe, evading an answer to some 
 inquisitive person. 
 
 boddegraemisch[*~ ~~], boddegrempisch[*~~~], 
 walking with difficulty, foot-sore, somewhat 
 helpless. G Boden+gramisch. 
 
 bodde(m)[*~], m, ground, floor, bottom. G 
 Boden. 
 
 boddem || los[*~~], without sure footing, quag- 
 miry; -rijjel[*~~~], m, lower rail of a worm 
 fence; -scheier[*~~~], f, barn with only one 
 floor as distinguished from a bank-barn. 
 
 bohn, buhn[7], f, bean. G Bohne. 
 
 bohne || buhne i bam[~~"], m, catalpa tree; 
 Judas tree; -graut[~~"], greitel, -greitle 
 [-~"~], n, summer savory; “schtecke[~ ~~~], 
 m, beanpole, tall thin person. 
 
 bohrbank[~~],f, bench for boring holes in posts. 
 G Bohrbank. 
 
 bohre[*~], pp gebohrt, to bore, nag. G 
 bohren. 
 
 bohre[*~], m, auger. G Bohrer. 
 
 boje[~~], m, bow, sheet of paper, arc, arch. 
 G Bogen. 
 
 boje || bichs[~~"], f, bow; -fenschder[*~~™], i 
 bay-window, arched window; -flint[~~~], f, 
 crossbow, bow. 
 
 boll[-], f, flax before it is broken, boll (of 
 flax), (chestnut) burr; pl -e, testicles. G 
 Bolle. 
 
 bollere[*~~], pp gebollert, 
 bollern. 
 
 bollerjockel[*~~~], m, ragweed. (Composition 
 perhaps fairly evident, reason unknown.) 
 
 bollhoke[*~~], m, fuller’s teasel. G Bolle+ 
 Haken. 
 
 to rumble. G 
 
 bollmehl[*“], n, middlings. 
 bollwerrick[*~ 
 
 G Pollmehl. 
 “], n, bolting sieve. G Poll+ 
 
 erk. 
 
 bollweerrick[*~~], n, tow of first hackling. G 
 Boll+Werg. 
 
 bols{*], f, pulse. G Puls. 
 
 bolsoder[*~~], f, artery. G Pulsader. 
 
 bolsrohr[*”], n, wooden gun for shooting pins 
 and other light projectiles by blowing. G 
 Bolzen-+ Rohr. 
 
 Bonifazius[~~*~~], m, Bonifacius’ Day (June 
 5). Gand L Bonifacius. 
 
 boot["], n, boat. G Boot. 
 
 boote[~~], pp geboot, to transport commodi- 
 ties in a canal boat. Verb from G Boot. 
 
 bootmann[*~], m, canal boatman. G Boot+ 
 Mann. 
 
 borax[~~], m, borax. G Borax. 
 
 bordkerrich[~~~], f, gallery in a church. G 
 Porkirche (por =empor), dG bordkirche. 
 
 bose[~~], pp gebost, to do something bad, 
 commit an offence. G bosen. 
 
 bosheet, bosheit[~~], f, malice, iniquity. G 
 
 Bosheit. 
 boss[~], m, kiss. dG buss. 
 bossdaje[*~~], pl, honeymoon. dG buss+G 
 ag. 
 bosse[*~], pp gebosst, to kiss. dG busse. 
 
 bottel[*~], f, bottle. dG buttel <F bouteille. 
 
 bottelche[*~™], n, small bottle, vial. Dim of 
 bottel. 
 
 bottesch[*~], f, potash. G Pottasche. 
 
 bottle[*~], pp gebottelt, to bottle. Verb from 
 bottel. 
 
 bottlerei[’~*], f, bottling establishment. < 
 bottel. 
 
 bottschaft[*~], f, message. G Botschaft. 
 
 Bee ice of one shivering from cold. 
 
 r 
 
 bralle, pralle[*~], pp gebrallt, to brag, boast. 
 G prahlen. 
 
 braller, praller[*~], m, braggart. G Prahler. 
 
 brallhans, prallhans[*~], m, braggart, boaster. 
 G Prahlhans. 
 
 brand["], m, conflagration, brand, ergot, smut, 
 mortification, gangrene. G Brand. 
 
 brandewei*~|*~~],m, whiskey. G Branntwein. 
 
 brandewei*fass[*~~~], n, whiskey barrel, 
 
 toper. G Branntweinfass. 
 brandschtifder[*~~], m, incendiary. G Brand- 
 stifter. 
 brau*[7], brown, bay (of a horse). G braun. 
 same tae “], useful, serviceable. G brauch- 
 
 Baan bach{ = “], n, manual on powwowing, 
 spell-book. G brauchen+Buch. 
 brauche[*~], pp gebraucht, to use, need, stand 
 in need of, powwow. G brauchen. 
 braucherei[“~~], f, powwowing. G brauchen. 
 braue[~~], pp gebraut, to brew. G brauen. 
 brauer[*~], m, brewer. G Brauer. 
 brauerei["~*], f, brewery. G Brauerei. 
 a aye braungehl|~ "}, dun. G braun+ 
 braunlich{"“], brownish. G braunlich. 
 
32 The Pennsylvania-German Soctety 
 
 braunwarzel, brau~ warzel[*~~], f, figwort. G 
 Braunwurz. 
 braus["], roar. G Braus. 
 brause[*~], pp gebraust, to roar. 
 braut["], f, bride. G Braut. 
 brauticham|[*~~], m, bridgeroom. G Brau- 
 tigam. 
 brav["], brave, good, honest. G bray. 
 bravheit[~~], f, bravery. G Bravheit. 
 breble[~~], pp gebrebelt, to nag, importune, 
 palaver. dG brebele, G prébeln. 
 brechajjel|*~~], f, particle of the outer coating 
 of the flax plant separated in the process of 
 breaking. G brechen+dG achel. 
 brechdich[*~], splendid, beautiful. G prach- 
 
 G brausen. 
 
 tig. 
 
 breche[*~], pp gebroche, to break, check; 
 sich —, to vomit. G brechen. 
 
 breche, breches[*~], n, vomiting G Brechen. 
 
 brech || eise[*~~], mn, crowbar; -loch[{*~], n, 
 quarry or hole in which flax was roasted and 
 broken; -mittel[*~~], n, emetic; -schtang 
 [*~], £, crowbar. 
 
 brecher[*~], m, corn-breaker (in a gristmill), 
 coal-breaker. G Brecher. 
 
 breckle[*~], pp gebreckelt, to crumble. G 
 bréckeln. 
 
 breddich, preddich[*~], f, sermon. G Predigt. 
 
 breddiche, preddiche[*~~], pp gebreddicht, to 
 preach. G predigen. 
 
 breddichamt, preddichamt[*~~], n, ministry. 
 G Predigeramt. 
 
 breddicher, preddicher[*~~], m, 
 preacher. G Prediger. 
 
 breeder[~~], broader, wider. G breiter. 
 
 breeding[*~], f, width, (braid E). G Breite. 
 
 breedscht["], broadest, widest. G breitst. 
 
 breem|"], f, horsefly. G Bremse. 
 
 breet["], broad, wide. G breit. 
 
 breet || beenich[~~~], (standing) with one’s 
 legs far apart; -beil[*"], n, broad-ax; 
 -gsichtich[~~~], broad-faced; -latz[*~], m, 
 broad front flap of trousers as formerly 
 worn; -maul[~~], n, splay-mouth, braggart; 
 
 minister, 
 
 smeilich[~~~], blunt; -naesich[{[*~~], flat- 
 nosed. 
 
 breetlich[*~], broadish. G breitlich. 
 
 brei["], m, pap. G Brei. 
 
 breiche[~~], pp gebreicht, to need, use. (From 
 
 an umlauted form of brauchen). 
 
 breidicham[*~~], m, bridegroom. G Brau- 
 tigam. 
 
 breis, preis["], m, price, prize. G Preis. 
 
 breis|"], n, wristband. dG breis. 
 
 brenne[*~], pp gebrennt, to burn, distil. G 
 brennen. 
 
 brennend|‘~], burning, lit. G brennend. 
 
 brennerei{”~~], f, distillery. G Brennerei. 
 
 brennesel[*~~], brennessel[*~~], m, stinging 
 nettle. G Brennessel. 
 
 brenn || glas[*"], n, burning-glass, sun-glass; 
 zhaus(*"], n, still-house; -hols[*~], n, fire- 
 wood. 
 
 brennsich[*~], burnt (to taste or smell). G 
 brandig. 
 
 bresident[*~~], m, president. G Prasident. 
 
 bress, press[~], f, press. G Presse. 
 
 bressent, pressent[*~], n, present. G Prasent 
 <F présent. 
 
 bressent[*~], f, prison. MHG prisfin (Cre- 
 feld presun). 
 
 brett[“], n, bracket, board. G Brett. 
 
 bretzel, pretzel[*~], n, pretzel. G Brezel. 
 
 <mid L bracellum. 
 briambel[*~~], m, long-winded talk. dG 
 briambel. 
 
 brick[“], f, bridge. G Briicke. 
 
 brickepeiler[*~ ~~], m, pier. G Briickenpfeiler. 
 
 briederfescht[~~~], n, annual service for men 
 and boys (Moravian). G Briiderfest. 
 
 briederlich[~~~], brotherly. G _ briiderlich. 
 
 briederlichkeet|[~~~~], f, brotherliness, fra- 
 ternity. G Briiderlichkeit. 
 
 briederschaft[~~~], f, brotherhood. G Brii- 
 derschaft. 
 
 briee[~~], pp gebriet, to hatch. G briiten. 
 
 brief["], m, letter, package or paper (of 
 needles). G Brief. 
 
 brief || babier[~~~], n, letter-paper; -draejer 
 [~~~], m, letter-carrier; -wechsel[*~~], m, 
 correspondence. 
 
 briefelche[*~~], n, powder (to be taken). G 
 Briefelchen. 
 
 brieh{"], f, juice, gravy, broth, slop. G 
 Briihe. 
 
 brieh || drok[~"], m, scalding-trough; -fass 
 [~~], n, scalding-vat 
 
 briehe[~~], pp gebrieht, to scald, parboil. G 
 briihen. 
 
 briehich[*~], juicy. PG brieh. 
 
 brieich[~~], broody (of hens). G briitig. 
 
 briemaschien[*~"], f, incubator. G Briit+ 
 Maschine. 
 
 brijjel, prijjel[*“], m, club, cudgel, limb of a 
 tree, clubbing, cudgeling; — schmeisse, 
 to abuse. G Priigel. 
 
 beilielet pp gebrijjelt, to club. G prii- 
 
 geln. 
 
 brijjel || hols[*~~], n, small limbs of trees cut 
 up for firewood; -supp[*~~], f, clubbing, 
 cudgeling, flogging 
 
 brill[“], f, spectacles. G Brille. 
 
 brille[*~], pp gebrillt, to cry, low, roar, bawl. 
 G briillen. 
 
 bringe[*~], pp gebrocht, to bring. G bringen. 
 
 brinselbrau“~[*~"], brindle. dG _ briinzlich+ 
 braun. 
 
 britsch["], f, bat, paddle, implement used in 
 beating flax-seed from the stem; uff der 
 — sei, to be incapacitated for work. G 
 Pritsche. 
 
 britsche[*~], pp gebritscht, to flog, beat with 
 a paddle, paddle something down flat. G 
 pritschen. 
 
 briwwi, priwwi[*~], mn, privy, backhouse. 
 MHG privét, das privéte, F privé, E privy. 
 
 broche[~~], pp gebrocht, to fallow. G 
 brachen. 
 
 reaps 3. “], n, land lying fallow. G Brach- 
 and. 
 
 Se eee 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 33 
 
 brocke[*~], m, morsel, scrap. G Brocken. 
 
 brockel[*™], n, bit, crumb. G Bréckel. 
 
 brockelesche[*~~~], f, prickly ash. 
 
 brockle[*~], pp gebrockelt, to crumble, break, 
 break and soak (bread in milk). G 
 brockeln. 
 
 brocklich[*~], crumbly. G brickelig. 
 
 brode[~~], pp gebrode, to fry, broil or scorch 
 (by the sun); es is ihm nix recht gebrode, 
 nothing suits him. G braten. 
 
 brofesser, professer[™’~], m, professor. G 
 Professor. 
 
 brofit["“], m, profit. G Profit. 
 
 brofitlich[" ~~], Feancs: G profitlich. 
 
 brombeer[*"], f, dewberry. G Brombeere. 
 
 brophet["~], m, prophet. G Prophet. 
 
 brophezeie|~~*~], pp gebrophezeit, to proph- 
 esy, predict. G prophezeien. 
 
 brophezeiung[’~~~], f, prophecy, prediction. 
 Prophezeiung. 
 
 brot["], n, bread. G Brot. 
 
 brot || deek[~"], m, bread-dough; -grimmel 
 [~~~], f, bread-crumb; -gruscht[*~], bread- 
 crust; -hank[~~], m, suspended shelf; -karb 
 [~~], m, pannier; eem der — heecher henke, 
 
 to put one on short rations; -schank[~~], 
 m, cupboard, pantry. 
 
 brot || pann[*~], f, frying-pan; -warscht[~~], 
 f, sausage. G Bratwurst. 
 
 brotzich[” “], proud, stuck-up. G protzig. 
 
 browiere["~~], pp (ge)browiert, to try. 
 probieren, L probare. 
 
 bruch[*], m, quarry, breach, hernia. G 
 Bruch. 
 
 bruchband[*~], n, truss. G Bruchband. 
 
 brud[7], f, litter (of pigs), brood (of bees, 
 especially i in the comb). G Brut. 
 
 bruder[*~], m, pl brieder, brother. G Bruder. 
 
 bruder || mzrder[~~~~], m, fratricide; -mard 
 ~~~], m, fratricide. 
 
 bruderskind[*~*, n, nephew, niece. G Bru- 
 derskind. 
 
 brumme[*~], pp gebrummt, to hum, buzz, 
 
 grumble. brummen. 
 Spe et, m, bull. G brummeln-+ 
 chs, 
 
 brummer[*~], m, steam factory whistle. G 
 Brummer. 
 
 brummle[*~], pp gebrummelt, to grumble, 
 scold in an undertone. G brummeln. 
 
 brummvojjel[*~~], m, humming-bird. G 
 Brummvogel. 
 
 brunelle[“*~], f, self-heal, heal-all. G Bru- 
 nelle. 
 
 brunellegraut["*~~], n, self-heal, heal-all. G 
 Brunelle+ Kraut. 
 
 brunne[*™], m, well. G Brunnen. 
 
 brunne || grawer[*~~~], m, well-digger; -gress 
 [~~], n, watercress; -keller[*~~~], m, deep 
 cellar (usually detached from the house) 
 for cooling butter, milk and other food in 
 summer; ewals[*~"], f, windlass for drawing 
 water; -wasser(’ ~~~], n, well-water. 
 
 bruns[*], m, urine. G Brunz. 
 
 5 
 
 brunse[*~], pp gebrunst, to urinate. G 
 brunzen. 
 
 bruscht[], f, breast, mamma, chest. G 
 Brust. 
 
 bruscht || fiewer[* ~~], n, pneumonia; -gart[*~], 
 f, breast-strap (of harness); -gnoche [*~~], 
 m, breastbone, wishbone; -gsims [*~], n, 
 wainscoting; -kern[*~], n, brisket; -kett[*~], 
 f, breast-chain (of harness); = Sten rly 
 n, breastcollar; -lappe [*~~], m, vest (G 
 Brustlappen, dG bruschtlabbe) ; -schpell[*™], 
 f, breastpin; -tee [*"], m, wintergreen, 
 checkerberry; ewarz[*"], f, nipple of the 
 breast. 
 
 brutzbank[*~], f, pouting bench; uff der — 
 sitze, to pout, sulk. dG brutze+Bank. 
 
 brutze[” “], pp gebrutzt, to pout, sulk, threaten 
 rain. dG brutze, G protzen. 
 
 brutzeck[*~], n, corner into which pouting 
 children retire. dG brutze+Eck. 
 
 brutzich{*~], cross, pettish, sulky. dG brutze. 
 
 brutzkiwwel[*~~], m, one given to pouting, 
 sulker. dG brutze+kiwwel. 
 
 brutzle[*~], pp gebrutzelt, to simmer, drizzle. 
 G brutzeln. 
 
 bsarje[*~], pp bsarkt, to provide for, attend to. 
 G besorgen. 
 
 bsarkt[“], careful, solicitous, provided for. G 
 besorgt. 
 
 bsaufe[~~], pp bsoffe, sich, to become intoxi- 
 cated. G besaufen. 
 
 bschaffe[*~], pp bschaffe, to create, form, 
 shape. G beschaffen. 
 
 bscheisse[~~], pp bschisse, to cheat. dG 
 bescheissen. 
 
 bschimbe[*~], pp bschimbt, to disgrace, dis- 
 honor, taunt. G beschimpfen. 
 
 bschisser[’ “], bscheisser[~~], m, fraud, cheat, 
 crook. G Beschisser. 
 
 bschisserei[“~~], f, cheating, fraud, dis- 
 honesty. G Beschisserei. 
 
 bschlajje[*~], pp bschlajje, to shoe (a horse), 
 hew (a log), put iron-work on (a wagon). 
 
 G beschlagen. 
 
 bschluss[~], m, conclusion. G Beschluss. 
 
 bschmeisse[~~], pp bschmisse, to throw at, 
 pelt. G beschmeissen. 
 
 bschteh*[7], pp bschtanne, to confess; debei 
 —, to manage with, get along on, be firm in. 
 G bestehen. 
 
 bschtehle[~~], pp bschtohle, to steal from, 
 rob. G bestehlen. 
 
 bschtelle[*~], pp  bschtellt, 
 bestellen. 
 
 bschtelling[*~], f, appointment. 
 
 to order. G 
 
 G Bestel- 
 ung. 
 
 bschtohle[~~], of a thieving nature. G be- 
 stohlen. 
 
 bschtohlnerweis[~~~], sneakingly. G bestoh- 
 lener Weise. 
 
 bschweere[~~], pp bschwore, to confirm with 
 an oath. G beschworen. 
 
 bsetze[*~], pp bsetzt, to trim, lengthen a 
 dress. G besetzen. 
 
 bsetzing[*~], f, trimming. G Besetzung. 
 
34 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 bsinne[*~] = besinne, q. v 
 
 bsonders[*~], besonders|” *~], besonners|~ ~*~], 
 particularly. G besonders. 
 
 bsuch[*], m, visit, visitors. G Besuch. 
 
 bsuche[*~], pp bsucht, to visit. G besuchen. 
 
 bsucherei[’~*], f, (confounded) visiting. G 
 Besuch. 
 
 bsunne(’ “], having presence of mind: gschwind 
 
 , karz —. G besonnen. 
 bul’] 1 m, pl buwe, boy. dG bu, G Bube. 
 bubli, buwli[* “], n, little boy. Dim of dG 
 
 bu. 
 buch[“, n, pl bicher, book. G Buch. 
 buche[~~], f, beech. G Buche. 
 buche[*~], (of) beech. G buchen. 
 
 buchebém[~~"], m, beech-tree. G Buchen- 
 baum. 
 buchel[~~], f, beechnut. G Buchel. 
 
 buch || haltung[*~~], f, bookkeeping; -hand- 
 lung[*~~], f, bookstore. 
 
 buchs[~], m, wintergreen, boxtree, laurel; 
 nidderer —, wintergreen, checkerberry; 
 zahmer —, boxtree; im — sei’, to be in- 
 toxicated. G Buchs. 
 
 buchs || bam[’"], m, boxtree; -beer[*7], f 
 teaberry, checkerberry. 
 
 buchweeze[*"~], m, buckwheat. G Buch- 
 weizen. 
 
 buchweeze || kuche[*"~~~], m, buckwheat 
 cake; =-mehlj*~~"], n, buckwheat flour; 
 
 -schtroh[* ~~~], n, buckwheat straw. 
 
 buckel[*~], m, back, hump, slight elevation of 
 ground. G Buckel. 
 
 buckelweh[*~"], n, backache, lumbago. G 
 Buckel-+Weh. 
 
 bucker[*~], m, castrated dog, rascal, hardened 
 mucus removed from the nose. In part of 
 the Palatinate this is a term of abuse. 
 Possibly from the F bougre (heretic and 
 worse). 
 
 bucklich[*~], uneven, hilly, stoop-shouldered, 
 hump-backed, stooped. G bucklich. 
 
 buff["], m, whack, blow; alle —, every time, 
 every once ina while. G Puff. 
 
 buff[“], bang! slap! G puff. 
 
 buk["],f, bend, brace G Bug. 
 
 bull[“], m, bull. G Bulle. 
 
 bulle[*~], pp gebullt, to long for the bull 
 (of cows). G bullen. 
 
 bulle || beidel[*~~~], m, lady’s slipper, mocca- 
 sin-flower; -fleesch{*~ “], n, bull-beef; -kalb 
 btuited aS Fe bull- calf; so en —!term of con- 
 tempt for an ignorant bully. 
 
 bullhund[*~], m, bulldog. G Bulldogge. 
 
 bullirum|[*~*], ipsa aye to imitate the 
 croak of a frog; —, m, fro 
 
 bullkersch[*~], f, oxheart chee G Bulle+ 
 Kirsche. 
 
 bulsoder[*~~], f, artery. G Pulsader. Cf 
 bolsoder. 
 
 bumbernickel{*~~~], m, coarse dark heavy rye 
 
 bread of unbolted rye flour. G Pumper- 
 nickel. 
 bumm|[*], bang! plump! G bumm. 
 
 bummelhannes[*~~~], m, slothful and pro- 
 
 crastinating person, Old Peter Tumble- 
 down. G Bummelhans. 
 
 bummeralisch[~~*~], deucedly, fearfully. G 
 -bummern (probably influenced by G pom- 
 merisch). 
 
 bummerans, bommerans[~~*], f, tomato. G 
 Pomeranze (orange). Cf gummerans. 
 
 bummere[*~~], pp gebummert, to rumble, 
 bump. G bummern. 
 
 bummerisch[*~~], fearfully, terribly. G bum- 
 mern. 
 
 bump[*],f, pump. G Pumpe. 
 
 bump[*],m, bump. G bums. 
 
 bumpe|*~], pp gebumpt, to pump. Gpumpen. 
 
 bumpe[*~], pp gebumpt, to bump. G bum- 
 
 sen. 
 
 bumpe |} bett[*~“], n, pump-floor; -drok[*~ 7], 
 m, pump-trough; -kiwwell[*~~~], m, pump- 
 piston; -macher[*~~~], m, pump-maker; 
 -schtock[*~~], m, pump; -schwengel[*~~~], 
 m, pump-handle. 
 
 bumps["], bang! —, m, jar, jolt, bang. G 
 
 bums. 
 bund[*], m, covenant. G Bund. 
 bundel[*~], m, bundle. G Biindel. 
 
 bundle[*~], pp gebundelt, to bundle (referrin 
 to the past custom of bundling). P 
 bundel, but word is of E origin. 
 
 bungert|* “|. m, orchard. dG bungert. 
 
 bungertgras|[* : “],n, orchard grass. dG bung- 
 ert+G Gras. 
 
 busch[*], m, woods, forest, country. dG 
 busch. 
 
 busch || appel[*~~], m, May apple, mandrake; 
 2 [°°], m, forest tree; -gnippel, -knippel 
 [*~~], m, clodhopper; -land[*~], n, woodland; 
 sleit(*"],pl, country people; -mick[*~], f 
 forest-fly, horsefly; -tee[*"], m, dittany; 
 -vojjel[*~~], m, thrush; -w&sem[*~~], m, 
 forest moss; -wek[*"], m, road through the 
 woods. 
 
 buschdawe[* ~~], m, letter (of the alphabet). 
 G Buchstaben. 
 
 buschdawiere[~ ~~~], pp buschd4wiert, to spell. 
 G buchstabieren. 
 
 buschich[*~], bushy. G buschig. 
 
 buss[*], call for a cat. G bus, pus. 
 
 buss || bank[~~], f, bench of repentance, anx- 
 
 ious bench; -dak[* “"], m, day of repent- 
 ance, fast- day. 
 
 buss(e)[~~], f, repentance; — du’, to repent, 
 atone for. Busse. 
 
 bussem[*~], m, bosom. G Busen. 
 
 bussi[*~], f, female pudendum. dG bussel. 
 
 bussi[*~], f, bussli[*~], n, cat, pussy. G Pus. 
 
 bussikatz[*~™~],f,cat, pussycat. G Busekatze. 
 
 butter, budder[*~], m, butter. G Butter. 
 
 butter || beer[*~"], f, partridge-berry, checker- 
 berry; -blumm[*~~], f, buttercup, crow- 
 foot; also marsh marigold, cowslip; -bock 
 ‘tee m, frame on which a churn rests; 
 -bohn{*~’ “], f, butter bean, lima bean; -fass 
 babar Rv churn; zhaffe[* ~~~], m, butter-crock; 
 cleffel[* ~~~, m, wooden spoon for working 
 butter; -messer[*~~™], n, butterknife; mil- 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 35 
 
 lich[*~~~], f, buttermilk; 
 butter-print, velvet leaf; -nuss[*~~], f, 
 butternut; -press[*~~], f, butter-print; 
 -schissel[*~~~], f, wooden dish in which 
 butter is worked; -vojjel[*~~~], m, reedbird; 
 -warzel[’~~™~], f, wild ginger; -zuwwer[*~~™], 
 m, butter-tub. 
 
 butze[*~], m, core of an apple, core of a boil, 
 burnt wick of a candle, long wick-end on a 
 burning fat-light. G Butzen. 
 
 butze[’~], pp gebutzt, to clean, dress up: 
 haus —; baem —, to trim trees; frucht —, 
 to winnow grain; geil —, to curry horses; 
 sich —, to expel the placenta (of domestic 
 animals). G putzen. 
 
 butzemann[*~~], m, scarecrow. P butzemann. 
 
 butzerei[’~*], f, (confounded) cleaning. G 
 
 butzen. 
 butz || fra[*], 
 
 emoddel[*~~™~], f, 
 
 f, charwoman; -lumpe[*~~], m, 
 mop. 
 
 butzich[*~], short, stunted. dG butzig. 
 
 butzing, butze[* Sit placenta. PG butze. 
 
 buwe || leis[~~"], pl, tickseed, Spanish needles, 
 all species of Bidens whose seeds are narrow 
 in proportion to their length; -rutsch[~~~], 
 f, loose girl; -schtofft[~~~], des, (these) Hoe 
 
 mischievous boys; -schtreech|[~~ “], pl, boy- 
 ish pranks. 
 buwu[""], bowwow! Imitating the bark of a 
 dog. 
 C 
 Does not occur initially. 
 D 
 
 da["], m, dew. G Tau. 
 da["], there; da[-], used as an exclamation, 
 
 there! — hoschdes, there! there you have 
 it! take it! Gda.k 
 
 dab["], deaf, without kernel (of nuts and 
 grains). G taub. 
 
 dach{[” 1 a Be head: ich gebb der eens uffs 
 
 dachdle[’ “], pp gedachdelt, to beat, flog. G 
 dachteln. 
 
 dach || droff[*~], -draf[*~], -drops[*~], m, eaves; 
 -feerscht[*"], m, ridgepole; fenschder[* ~~], 
 n, dormer window, skylight; -giwwell[*~~], 
 m, point of the roof at the gable-end; 
 -kandel[*~~], m, rainspout; -lade[*~~], m, 
 hatchway (of a roof); -pett[*~], f,purline; 
 -rut[’"], f, purline; -schlupper{* ~~], m, (a) 
 drifting snow; -schtroh[* "], thatch; -schtuhl 
 [*"], m, wooden support of a roof, strut. 
 
 dachs[~], m, raccoon (a misapprehension where 
 used), groundhog, short-legged dog. G 
 Dachs. 
 
 dachsbeenich[*~~], bandy-legged. G dachs- 
 beinig. 
 
 dachsi[*~], m, (der glee”), shorty. G Dachs. 
 
 dachsich[*~], stooped, bent. G dachs-+ig. 
 
 dad[*], m, daddy, father. dG dade, datte, E 
 dad. Cf grandad App 
 
 daddeldaub, dardeldaub[?~7], f, turtle-dove. 
 G Turteltaube. 
 
 dadi[~~], m, father. dG dade, datte. 
 
 dae[~~], pp gedat, to thaw. G tauen. 
 
 dae[*~], pp gedat, to deposit dew. G tauen. 
 
 daechlich, daeklich, daejlich[~~], daily. G 
 taglich. 
 
 daedae[* “| geh™, to go bye-bye (in speaking to 
 children). dG dada. 
 
 d(e)r, der, d’r[“], (di, (e)s), ’s), the. G der. 
 
 dzr["], (die, des), this (one); — wu, the one 
 who. Gder. 
 
 dzr["], (die, das, as, wu), who (rel pr). Gder. 
 
 derbedien|~~ ~],n, turpentine. G Terpentin. 
 
 derbediene[~~~~], pp gederbedient, to apply 
 turpentine. G Terpentin. 
 
 dereweil[*~"], meanwhile. G der Weile. 
 
 derfe[‘~], pp gederft, to dare, be allowed, 
 may. G diirfen. 
 
 dzerm || fett[* |, n, intestinal fat (of cattle); 
 -schmals[*~], n, intestinal fat (of hogs); 
 -verschtopping|* ~~~], f, constipation. 
 
 derr[~], dry, lean. G diirr. 
 
 derr[~], f, place for drying vegetables and 
 fruits: ebbes uff di — du’. Darre. 
 
 derre[*~], pp gederrt, todry, cure. Gdiirren. 
 
 daet("], past subj of du“; used as auxiliary to 
 form past subj of most-other verbs: ich 
 
 —geh", wann.... G tat. 
 daf["], f, baptism. G Taufe. 
 dafe[~j, pp gedaft, to baptize, christen. G 
 
 taufen. 
 dafel[~~], f, slate. G Tafel. 
 daf || eltre[“~~], pl, sponsors; -leit{(~~], pl, 
 
 sponsors; -name[~~~], m, baptismal name; 
 -schein, -schei~[~"], m, baptismal cer- 
 tificate; -wasser[~~~], n, baptismal water. 
 
 daher[*"], for that reason. G daher. 
 
 dajebruch[~~~], daksbruch[~~], m, break of 
 day. G Tagesbruch. 
 
 dajenacht[-~*], dak un nacht, continually, 
 everlastingly. G Tag und Nacht. 
 
 dajes || 4~fang[~~~~], m, dawn; <licht[~~~], n 
 light of day, daylight. 
 
 dajeweis[~ ~~], several days in succession, now 
 and thena day. G tageweise. 
 
 dak["], m, pl daje, day, daylight; heit iwwer 
 
 verzeh —, two weeks from today; hoscht 
 du dei” — des lewes! did you ever! sei” 
 (mei’, dei) — des lewes net, never; dajer 
 
 drei, three days or so. G Tag. 
 
 dak || buch[~ “], n, journal, daybook; -dieb 
 [~~], m, idler; -lenner|*~ ~], m, laborer, day- 
 laborer; loch|* “], n, small cellar window, 
 any opening in a wall; -loh™, -luh*[~"], m, 
 day’s wages, wages; -werk[~~], n, day’s 
 ih -weis[~ ], by the day, now and then 
 a da 
 
 daklennere[*~~*], pp gedaklennert, to do 
 day-laborer’s work. G tagléhnern. 
 
 daks["], during the day; — druff, the day 
 after; — devor, the day before. Aremnant 
 of the use of the genitive. G Tag. 
 
 dakshelling[~~~], f, daylight. G Tageshelle. 
 
 dal["], n, valley, vale. G Tal. 
 
 daler[*~], m, dollar. G Taler. 
 
36 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 daler || not[*~*], f, dollar bill; -ros[~~"], f, 
 aster; -weis[~~~], dollar by dollar. 
 
 dall, dell[], f, dent, impression, dimple. P 
 dall, dell. 
 
 damit, demit[~~], therewith. G damit. 
 
 damm|*], m, dam; do will ich iwwer der — 
 geh”, well, I’ll be hanged (damned). G 
 Damm. 
 
 damm || bruscht[*~], f, breast of a dam; -gras 
 [*"], n, pond grass; -hijjel[*~~], hijel[*~~], m, 
 breast of a dam. 
 
 damme[*~], pp gedammt, to dam. G dam- 
 men. 
 
 damp[~], m, vapor. G Dampf. 
 
 dampe[*~], pp gedampt, to give off vapor, 
 smother, steam, stew. G dampfen. 
 
 dampgnopp[*~], m, boiled dumpling (eaten 
 with milk and sugar). G Dampf+Knopf. 
 
 dampich[*~], steamy, vaporous. G dampfig. 
 
 dampnudel|* ~~], f, boiled dumpling (the gnopp 
 of schnitz un gnepp). G Dampfnudel. 
 
 Danjel[*~], m, Daniel. G Daniel. 
 
 dank[~], m, thanks, gratitude, reward. G 
 Dank. 
 
 danke[*~], pp gedankt, to thank, give thanks, 
 return a salutation. G danken. 
 
 dankbar|*], thankful, grateful. G dankbar. 
 
 dankbarkeet|*~ "|, f, thankfulness, gratitude. 
 G Dankbarkeit. 
 
 dank || breddich{*~~], f, thanksgiving sermon; 
 -fescht[*~], n, thanksgiving feast day; 
 -sajung|[* ~~], f, thanksgiving. 
 
 dankeswert[*~"], worth thanking for. G 
 dankenswert. 
 
 danki, denki{*~], thank you, thanks. G (ich) 
 danke. 
 
 danksaje[*"~], pp dankgsat, to offer thanks. 
 G danksagen. 
 
 dann[“], then, next, pray: was will er —? 
 — un wann, now and then; mer hen — 
 schee™ wetter, we certainly are having fine 
 weather. G dann, denn. 
 
 dannetwann[‘~~]=dann un wann. 
 
 dans[~], m, dance. G Tanz. 
 
 danse[*~], pp gedanst, to dance. G tanzen. 
 
 dapeet[~~], naekscht am, in the nick of time, 
 just in time, high time; uff em —, on the 
 point (of). G Tapet. 
 
 dappe[*~], pp gedappt, to grasp for, fumble, 
 step heavily, walk clumsily. G tappen. 
 
 dappe[*~], m, footprint. G Tappe. 
 
 dappele[*~~], pp gedappelt, to step, tramp, 
 fidget (of a horse). G tappeln. 
 
 dapper[*~], quickly, at once: kumm —. dG 
 dapper, G tapfer. 
 
 dapperschpring|~~*], f, diarrhoea. dG dapper 
 +schpringen. 
 
 dappes, dappel[*~], m, clumsy fellow. G 
 Taps. 
 
 dappich, tappisch[*~], clumsy, awkward. dG 
 dabbig, G tappisch. 
 
 darjel[*~], m, vertigo, dizziness. G Torkel. 
 
 darjele[*~~], pp gedarjelt, to reel, stagger. G 
 torkeln. 
 
 darm{~], darrem[*~], pl drm, gut, intestine. 
 G Darm. 
 
 darmel[*~], m, dizziness. G Taumel. 
 
 darmlich[*~], dizzy. G taumlich. 
 
 darm || saet[‘"], f, gut string, catgut; -sucht 
 [*~], f, dysentery. 
 
 darn, dann, dorn[”], f, thorn; grieni —, green- 
 brier; hochi —, high blackberry; — im 4k, 
 thorn in the flesh, eyesore. G Dorn. 
 
 darne || ros[*~ "], f, sweet-brier; -schpell[*~~], f, 
 red haw, scarlet thorn; -schtock[*~~], m, 
 thorn-bush. 
 
 darnich, dannich[*~], thorny. G dornig. 
 
 darnooch["*], dennooch[~*], thereafter. G 
 darnach. Cf denno. 4 
 
 darr[“], m, tar; im — sei’, to be tipsy. G 
 Teer. 
 
 darre[*~], pp gedarrt, to tar. G teeren. 
 
 Darredee[*~~], f, Dorothy. G Dorothea. 
 
 darrich[*~], tarry. G teerig. 
 
 darrich[‘~], through, throughout; — un —, 
 thoroughly. G durch. 
 
 darrich-[*~], separable and inseparable prefix 
 of verbs, and prefix of derived words. G 
 durch-. 
 
 darrichaus[~ ~~], throughout, on the whole, by 
 all means, positively; — net, on no account. 
 G durchaus. 
 
 darrich || bade[*~ ~~], to wade through; -beisse 
 [~~~], to bite through; -blettre[*~~~], to 
 turn the leaves of a book; -blicke[*~~™~], to 
 peep through; -blose[*~ ~~], to blow through, 
 spend; -bohre[*~~~], to bore through, per- 
 forate; -breche[*~~~], to break through; 
 -brenne[*~~~], to burn through, make a 
 hole by burning, elope, run away; -brijjele 
 [*~~~~], to beat soundly; -bringe[*~~™~], to 
 squander; -bringer[’~~~], m, spendthrift; 
 -brode[*~~~], to fry through; -draje[*~~~], 
 to bear through (a burden); -drede[*~~~], 
 to wear through by treading; -dresche 
 [*~~~], to flog soundly; -dricke[*~~~], to 
 press through; -drickle[*~~~], to dry thor- 
 oughly; -dringe[‘~~~], to penetrate, per- 
 meate; -dringlich[~~*~], penetrable; -driw- 
 we[~~*~], cunning, sly; -dropse[*~~~], to 
 drop, filter through; -(e)nanner[*~~~~], in 
 confusion, helter-skelter; -(e)weck[~~~*], 
 throughout, on an average; -fahre[*~~~], 
 to drive through, pass through (like a 
 shudder); -fahre[~~~~], streaked, veined; 
 -fall[*~~], m, diarrhoea; -falle[*~~~], to fall 
 through, fail; -faule[*~~~], to rot through; 
 -fiehre[*~~~], to carry through, execute; 
 -fresse[*~~~], to eat through, corrode; sich 
 —, to make one’s way under difficulties; 
 -geh*[*~"], to go through, run away, 
 escape; -gucke[*~~~], to look through; 
 -hacke[*~~~], to chop through with an ax, 
 lash till the skin breaks; -jaje[*~~~], to 
 chase or drive through, squander; -kumme 
 *~~~1, to come through, come off (well); 
 -laf[*~"], m, diarrhoea; -lafe[*~~~], to walk 
 through, run through; -leddere[*~~~™~], to 
 thrash soundly; -leichte[*~~~], to shine 
 through; ~-lese[*~~~], to read through, 
 peruse, pick over; -losse[*~~~], to allow to 
 pass through; -mache[*~~~], to experience, 
 
 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 37 
 
 finish; -nass[~~*], wet through; -memme 
 [e-~1, to take through, carry out, put 
 through the sprouts; -reese[*~ ~~], to travel 
 through, traverse; -reide[*~~~], to ride 
 through; -reissé[*~~~], to tear in two; 
 -reiwe[*~ ~~], to rub through, chafe; -rutsche 
 *~~~], to wear through by _ rubbing; 
 -schaffe[*~~~], to convey through; sich —, 
 to make one’s way with difficulty; -schau- 
 dre[~~~~], to shudder, thrill; -scheine[*~ ~~], 
 to shine through; -schiesse[*~~~], to shoot 
 through, get streaked, spread (of colors); 
 Sschimmere|” i heed jf to glimmer through; 
 -schinne[*~~~], to fray; sich —, to get 
 through with difficulty ; -schlachtich[*~~™], 
 variegated; -schlajje[* ~~~], to knock or kick 
 through, soak through; sich —, to force 
 one’s way through, get through as best 
 one can; -schleefe[*~~~], to drag through; 
 -schlippe[*~~~], to slip through, escape; 
 -schlitze[*~~™~], to slit through; -schluppe 
 [*~~~], to creep through; -schneide[*~~~], 
 to cut through, cut in two, intersect; 
 -schnitt[*~~], m, intersection; so im —, on 
 the average; -schnittlich[-~*~], on the aver- 
 age; -schnuffle[*~~~], to snoop through, 
 rummage; -schteche[*~~~], to pierce, punc- 
 ture; -schtecke[*~~~], to stick through; 
 -schteh*[*~"], to endure to the end; 
 -schtewwere|[*~~~~], to search in every part, 
 rummage; -schtreiche[*~~~], to make a 
 mark through, cancel; -sehne[*~ ~~], to look 
 through, see through, look over (a book); 
 -seihe[*~ ~~], to strain through, filter; -setze 
 *~~~], to enforce, carry out; -sichtich 
 [*~~~], transparent; -suche[*~~~], to search 
 through, ransack; -suddre[*~~~], to seep 
 through; -wachs|* ~~], m, boneset, thorough- 
 wort; -weeche[*~ ~~], to soak through, flog 
 thoroughly; -wiehle[*~~~], to rummage 
 through; -witsche[*~~~], to slip through, 
 escape; -wolle[*~~~], to want to go through; 
 ezieje[*~~~], to pull or drag through; 
 -zuck[*~~], m, main beam in a building, 
 girder; -zucke[~~*~], to shudder, twitch; 
 -zwenge[*~~~], to force (an object) through; 
 -zwinge[*~~~], to force (a plan) through. 
 
 darrichnanner || graddle[*~~~~~ ], to crawl 
 around in great confusion; -mache[*~~~~~ k 
 to jumble up, turn topsy-turvy; -wiehle 
 
 xtorta ], to turn things topsy-turvy. 
 
 darrichs[*~] =darrich es. 
 
 darrlogel, darrlokel[*~~], darrjockel[*~~], m, 
 tar-keg (suspended from the axle of a 
 wagon on long trips). G Teer+P logel 
 <OHG lagella <L lagena. 
 
 darrschtengel[*~~], m, sleepy catchfly. PG 
 darr + schtengel. 
 
 da(r)schdich[*~], thirsty. G durstig. 
 
 da(r)scht["], m, thirst. G Durst. 
 
 darum[~~], therefore, for this. G darum. 
 
 das[~], which, who (rel pr). G das. 
 
 dasch["], f, mouth, pocket (rare). G Tasche. 
 
 dass, ass|“], that (conj): mach, — du fart- 
 kummscht; since (last): es is schunn lang 
 
 — ich dich nimmi gsehne habb; than: was 
 is schenner — blumme; as: des land is 
 frei fer mich so gut — fer dich, this country 
 is free for me as well as for you. G dass, 
 in two pi meanings confused with PG 
 as for G als. 
 
 dat["], f, act, deed, feat; in der —, indeed. 
 G Tat. 
 
 datem[*~], m, date. G Datum 
 
 datt, dart[“], datte[‘~], there. G dort, dorten. 
 
 datt’ || anne[*~~], thither, into that place (with 
 a verb of motion). dG datanne; -darrich 
 [*~~], through there; -darrichnaus[*~~*], 
 out through there; -darrichnei*[’~~~], in 
 through there, in that direction; -darrich- 
 niwwer[’~~*~], over through there; -dar- 
 richnuff[*~~*], up through there; -darrich- 
 nunner[*~~*~], down through there; -dar- 
 richraus[*~ ~~], out through there; -darrich- 
 rei~[*~~*], in through there; -darrich- 
 riwwer[*~ ~*~], over through there; -darrich- 
 runner[*~~*~], down through there; -debei 
 [*~"],. by that; -defor[*~"], for that; 
 -degeje[*“~~], against that; -dehinner 
 [°~~~], behind that, back of that; -(de)mit 
 [*~~], with that; -denewe[’~ ~~], there by 
 the side of; -devor[’~"], in front of that; 
 
 -devun|*~~], of that, from that; -dezu[*~"], 
 to that, in addition to that; -dezwische 
 [*~~~], in between there; -dra~[*"], at that; 
 <dra~hi~[*"*], along there; -dra*naus 
 
 [*"*], out along there; -dra*niwwer[’ ~*~], 
 over along there; -dra“nuff[*~~], up along 
 there; -dra“nunner[*~~~], down along 
 there; -dra“riwwer[* ~*~], over along there; 
 -drauss|[~*], out there; -drin[**], in there; 
 -driwwe[~*~], over there; -driwwer[’’™], 
 over that; -driwwerdraus[‘~~*], out over 
 that, superior to that; -drowwe[*~~], up 
 there; -druff[**], on that, on there; -druff- 
 hi~[*~~], along that, on the strength of that; 
 -drum|[*~], about that; -drunne[**~], down 
 there; -drunner[**~], under that; -her[*"], 
 along there; vun —, from there; -herzus 
 [*“~], from along there; -hi*[*7], there, 
 thither; -hi*newe[*~~~], along the side 
 there; -hinne[~*~], back there; -hinnri[’*~], 
 back there (with a verb of motion); -zhinn- 
 rizus[“*~~], back in that direction; -hi*zus 
 [*-~], along there; -mit[*”], with that; 
 snaus[**], out there; -nauszus[~~~], out in 
 that direction; -nei*[*"], in there, in that 
 direction; -nei*zus[~*~], (in) in that direc- 
 tion; enewel"~~], along the side there; 
 eniwwer| ~~], over there; -niwwerzus[~*~~], 
 off over in that direction; -nuff[*~], up 
 there; -nuffzus[~*~], up in that direction; 
 snunner[’*~], down there; -nunnerzus 
 [~*~], down in that direction; -raus[*"], 
 out from there; -rauszus[“*~], out from 
 that direction; -rei*[*"], from that direc- 
 tion; -rei*zus[“~~], in from that direction; 
 -riwwer[*~~], over that way; -ruff[*~], up 
 there; -ruffzus[“’~], up that way; -rum[*~], 
 thereabout; -runner[’*~], down that way; 
 
38 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 erunnerzus[~*~~], down in that direction; 
 everri[’*~], forward there; -veerrizus[~*~~], 
 up front there; -varne[~*~], there in front; 
 ezerick|~~~], back there; -zerickzus[’~~~], 
 off back in that direction. 
 
 datte[’~], name of the Jewish game of cards 
 glawrias (G Klabrias) localized in Allen- 
 town; en —, a run of three cards of the 
 same suit (the seven-spot being the lowest 
 card in the deck) in the game of datte. 
 
 dattebella[’~~*~], queen, king and ace, or jack, 
 queen and king, of trumps in the game of 
 datte. 
 
 daub["], f, pl dauwe, dove, pigeon. G Taube. 
 
 daub["], f, pl dauwe, stave (of a barrel). G 
 Daube. 
 
 daubert[~~], m, male pigeon. G Taubert. 
 
 dauche[~~], pp gedaucht, to dive; gedaucht, 
 stooped, bent (from age) G tauchen. 
 
 dauer[~~], f, duration. G Dauer. 
 
 dauere[~~~], pp gedauert, to endure, last, 
 continue. G dauern. 
 
 dauere[~~~], pp gedauert, to pity, excite 
 pity. G dauern. 
 
 dauerhaft[*~~], lasting, durable, strong. G 
 dauerhaft. 
 
 dauerunschad[*~~~], es is, it is a great pity. 
 G dauer und schade. 
 
 daume[~~], m, thumb. G Daumen. 
 
 daumenajjel[~~~~], m, thumbnail. G Dau- 
 mennagel. 
 
 daumesdick[*~~], thick as a thumb. G 
 daumendick. 
 
 daumling, deimling[~~], m, thumbstall. G 
 Daumling. 
 
 dausellanisch["~*~], awfully (a _ playfully 
 exaggerating compound). Cf hesseldon- 
 isch. G Daus=E deuce. 
 
 dausend, daused[*~], thousand. G tausend. 
 
 dausend || fiesser|/*~ ~~], m, milliped; -jaehrich 
 [~~"~], millennial; -reich[*~"], n, millen- 
 nium; -mol[*~"], a thousand times; -sap- 
 perlott|~~~~], gee whiz! 
 
 dausendgildegraut["’*~~], n, American cen- 
 
 taury, bitterbloom. G Tausendgiilden- 
 kraut. 
 
 dausich[*~], ei der, dear me! the dickens! 
 the deuce! was der —, what the deuce! 
 
 gotts —, well, well! — bettel, good heavens! 
 G Daus. 
 
 dauwe || dieb[~~~], m, chicken-hawk; -gropp 
 “~~),m, pigeon’s crop, fumitory; -kaschde 
 [~~~~], m, dove-cote; -millich[*~~~], f, 
 pigeon’s milk; -mischt[*~~], m, pigeons’ 
 droppings; -nescht[~~~], n, dove’s nest. 
 
 David[~~], m, David. G David. 
 
 de[“], enclitic form of du: gehschde mit? 
 
 de[“], (before comparatives) the: — lenger 
 — besser; dat pl of the def art: ich habb’s 
 — leit gsAt; sometimes m acc sing of def 
 art: — Mittwoch; very rarely heard for 
 the prefix ge- (demacht = gemacht). 
 
 debbich[*~], m, quilt, bedspread. G Teppich. 
 
 debei, dabei[“~], along with, among, by that. 
 G dabei. 
 
 debei || bleiwe[-*~~], to stay with, stick to; 
 -sitze[“*~~], to sit by; -schteh~[“~ |], to stand 
 by (one’s contentions). 
 
 dechsel[*~], m, adze. G Dachsel. 
 
 dechsle[*~], pp gedechselt, to hollow out, trim 
 down, thrash. G dachseln. 
 
 deck[*], f, cover, ceiling. G Decke. 
 
 deckbett[*~], n, coverlet, feather-bed. G 
 Deckbett. 
 
 decke[*~], pp gedeckt, to cover, put a roof on, 
 thatch. G decken. 
 
 deckel|[*~], m, lid, hat. G Deckel. 
 
 deckel || glas[*~"], n, glass with a lid; -kann 
 [*~~], f, can with a lid. 
 
 dedarrich[~ ~~], through this, by this means, in 
 this way. G dadurch. 
 
 deediche[~~~], pp gedeedicht, to kill, cause 
 death. G téten. 
 
 deedlich[*~], deadly. G tét+lich. 
 
 deejich[~~], pene G teigig. 
 
 deek[], m, dough; — schaffe, to knead 
 dough. G Teig. 
 
 deel[~],n, part, share; (e*) —, some. G Teil. 
 
 deele[~~], pp gedeelt, to divide, share, deal 
 (out), deal (with), part. G teilen. 
 
 deelmol[*~], sometimes. G Teil-+ Mal. 
 
 deels["], partly. G teils. 
 
 deelweis|*~], partly, partially. 
 
 deer, dier[], f, door. G Tiir. 
 
 deerche, deerli, dierche[*~], n, gate, small 
 gate. Dims of G Tiir. 
 
 deere || band[*~~], n, hinge of a door; -gnopp 
 [~~~], m, door knob; -henk[*~~], f, door- 
 hook; -rijjel[“~~~], m, bolt of a door; 
 -schlissel[~~~~], m, doorkey; -schloss[~~~], 
 n, door-lock; -schwell[*~~], f, threshold, 
 doorsill. 
 
 deerhieter[~~~], m, porter. G Tiirhiiter. 
 
 deerich(t)[~~], foolish. G téricht. 
 
 deete[*~], pp gedeet, to kill. G téten. 
 
 deffendiere[“~*~], pp deffendiert, sich, to 
 defend oneself, excuse oneself. G defen- 
 dieren <L defendere. Cf verdeffendiere. 
 
 defor[~*], for it, in favor of; ich kann nix —, 
 I can’t help it; — sei, to be in favor of 
 it. G dafiir. 
 
 degeje[~*~], against it; ich habb nix —, I have 
 no objections. G dagegen. 
 
 degleiche[~*~], the like; un so —, and such 
 as that, and so forth. G desgleichen. 
 
 deheem[~*], at home. G daheim. 
 
 dehi~[*~], thither, along, done for: ’sis alles 
 —. Gdahin. 
 
 dehi*bringe[“*~~], pp dehi*gebrocht, to ac- 
 complish, bring about. G dahin-+bringen. 
 
 dehinne[~*™~], back (in, by, at). G dahinten. 
 
 dehinner[’*~], behind, back of it. G da- 
 hinter. 
 
 dehr["]=ehr, you (used in some sections for 
 2d pl pr). Gihr. 
 
 dei*["], your. G dein. . 
 
 deich["], n, pond, depression, hollow, valley. 
 
 Teich. 
 
 de*ich[*~], I think, I guess, [ suppose, per- 
 
 haps, no doubt. G denk ich. 
 
 G teilweise. 
 
 ee — 
 
 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 39 
 
 deiche, deichle[*~], pp gedeich(el)t, to lay 
 drain pipes. G deichen. 
 deichel[~~], n, conduit pipe. G Deichel. 
 deichsel[*~], f, wagon tongue, pole, human 
 tongue (humorously). G Deichsel. 
 deichsel || kett[*~~],f, pole-chain; -najjel[*~~~], 
 m, pole-pin; -scher|’~ 4 ee F hounds (of a 
 wagon); -schnall[~~~], f, buckle on pole- 
 strap. 
 deier[~~], dear, expensive. 
 deierscht[~~], dearest, 
 teuerst. 
 deifelsabbisswarzel, deiwelsabbisswarzel 
 
 G teuer. 
 most expensive. G 
 
 [~~*~~~], f, devil’s bit, flaming star. GTeu- 
 felsabbiss+ Wurzel. 
 deifelszung[~~~], f, prickly pear. A PGcom- 
 
 pound: Teufel+Zunge. 
 deihenker[*~~], m, deuce, devil; der — is los, 
 there’s the deuce to pay; -s, deucedly. P 
 deihenker <G Diebhenker. 
 deimele[*~~], pp gedeimelt, to press with the 
 thumb. Verb formed from daume. 
 deiner, deini[*~], deins["], yours (pr). deiner. 
 deinesgleiche[~~~~], such as you, your equal. 
 G deinesgleichen. 
 deirer[~~], dearer, more expensive. G teurer. 
 deite[~~], pp gedeit, to point, explain. G 
 deuten. 
 deiter[~~], m, pointer. G Deuter. 
 deitlich[~~], plain, distinct, clear, explicit. G 
 deutlich. 
 deitsch["], German; en -i sens, a broad-bladed 
 scythe that was sharpened by hammering; 
 di — wohret, the plain truth. G deutsch. 
 Hadar arr “1 n, Germany. G Deutsch- 
 an 
 Deitschlenner[*~~], m, German born in Ger- 
 many. G Deutschlander. 
 deitschlennerisch[~~~~], German. G deutsch- 
 ’  Jandisch. 
 deiwel, deifel[~~], m, devil, slater’s stake; 
 hol’s der —, sure as fate; geh zum —, go 
 to the devil! G Teufel. 
 deiwelheftich["~*~], fearfully, madly. G teu- 
 felhaft. 
 deiwelsabbiss(warzel) fait a cigt muCOrn TOOL, 
 colic root, ague root; also rattlesnake root, 
 golden root, lion’s foot. G Teufelsabbiss 
 +Wurzel. 
 deiwels || dreck[~~~], m, asafoetida; -gewalt 
 [~~~*], f, mit, with all might, by all means; 
 -katz[~~"], f, hell- cat; -loch[*~~], n, cave. 
 deiwle[~~], pp gedeiwelt, to annoy, bedevil. 
 G teufeln. 
 deiwlisch, deiflisch[*~], devilish. G teuflisch. 
 deixel[~ y, was der, what the deuce! G 
 Deixel. 
 deje[~~], m, sword. G Degen. 
 delbel[*~], m, awkward fellow, yokel. G 
 Tolpel. 
 deibeljohre[*~-*], pl, years of indiscretion, 
 awkward years. G Tolpeljahre. 
 dell[-] =dall. 
 G Teller. 
 
 deller[*~], m, plate. 
 dellerduch[*~~], n, napkin. G Tellertuch. 
 
 dem["], dat of def art and of dem pr. 
 
 demant[*~], m, diamond. G Demant. 
 
 demarje[“*~], the past morning, this morning, 
 the coming morning (according as it is 
 used with a verb in the past, present or 
 future tense). G den Morgen. 
 
 demegradisch[*~~~], Democratic. G demo- 
 kratisch but formed from E Democratic. 
 
 demegrat[*~~], m, Democrat. G Demokrat. 
 
 demiddak[’’"], today noon, at noon. Cf 
 demarje. 
 
 demiedich[*~~], humble. 
 
 demiediche[~~~™], 
 humble, mortify. G demiitigen. 
 
 demmere[*~~], pp gedemmert, to become 
 dusk. G d&ammern. 
 
 demmerung[*~~], f, dawn, twilight. G Dam- 
 merung. 
 
 demno, demnooch[’"], according to this, 
 seemingly, evidently; — as, according as. 
 G demnach. 
 
 dempe[’~], pp gedempt, to boil, stew, damp- 
 en. G dampfen. 
 
 demut[*"], f, Binley G Demut. 
 
 den[“], acc sing m of dem adj and pr and 
 sometimes of def art. Gden. 
 
 denewe[~~~], by the side of, at the same time; 
 zr is — kumme, he missed it. G daneben. 
 
 dengel || hammer[*~~~], m, hammer for sharp- 
 ening scythes, scythe-hammer; -schtock 
 [*~~], m, small anvil on which the edge of a 
 scythe is hammered out to sharpen it, 
 scythe-anvil. 
 
 dengle[*~], pp gedengelt, to sharpen by ham- 
 mering out. G dengeln. 
 
 ea ini tf sc ea thinkable. G denk- 
 
 ar. 
 
 denke[*~], pp gedenkt, to think, imagine. 
 G denken. 
 
 denki[*~]. See danki. 
 
 denk || mol[* ~],n, memorial, monument; -zeije, 
 -zeeche[*~~], n, reminder, remembrance, 
 souvenir; -zettel[*~~], m, reminder. 
 
 denn[*], for (rare). Gdenn. 
 
 denn[”], f, threshing-floor. G Tenne. 
 
 denne[*~], dat pl of demadjand pr. Gdenen. 
 
 dennewek[*~~], this way, after this fashion, 
 as follows. G den Weg. 
 
 denno[**], at it, about it, dennort, dennot, 
 derno[**], after that, then, subsequently, 
 accordingly; es is 4 —, it is what you 
 would expect. dG dernod, dernodert. G 
 darnach. 
 
 dennowed/|~*~], the past evening, this evening, 
 the coming evening (according as a verb 
 in the past, present or future tense is used). 
 G den Abend. Cf demarje. 
 
 dennwand[*~], f, boarded-up side of a thresh- 
 ing floor. G Tenne+ Wand. 
 
 denser, danser[*~], m, dancer. G Tanzer. 
 
 densle[’~], pp gedenselt, to dance, prance 
 (of a horse). G tanzeln. 
 
 der, d’r[“], the (nom mas); also dat sing fem. 
 
 er. 
 
 G dem. 
 
 G demiitig. 
 pp gedemiedicht, to 
 
40 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 dergleiche[~~~], also, too; such like; un so —, 
 etc. G dergleichen. 
 dern{“]=der en: ich habb — gewwe. G dir 
 
 ihn. 
 des[~], this. G dieses. 
 desch[*], f, mouth, vagina. 
 G Tasche. 
 deschelgraut[*~"], n, shepherd’s-purse; also 
 false flax (from similarity of the two 
 
 MHG tesche, 
 
 plants). G Taschelkraut. 
 deschperat[-~*], desperate. G desperat. 
 desde|*~], so much the: — besser. G desto. 
 desgleiches[“*~], the like, the same kind. G 
 desgleichen. 
 desmol[*~], dessemol[*~*], this time. G dies- 
 
 mal. 
 
 desweje[* ~~], therefore, on that account, for 
 that reason. G deswegen. 
 
 Detlausdak[* ~~], m, Detlaus Day (Mar. 31). 
 G Detlaustag. 
 
 detschle[*~], pp gedetschelt, 
 tatscheln. 
 
 devor|~~], before it, in front of it, before this. 
 G davor. 
 
 devun[~*], of it, of that, therefore, from it, 
 away. G davon. 
 
 devun || bleiwe[~*~~], to keep away from, 
 abstain; -bringe[~’~~], to save, cause to 
 survive; -fahre[~*~~], to drive away from; 
 -geh~|~*~], to walk off, secede; -grieje[~* ~~], 
 to get some of, get (some one) away from; 
 -jaje|~* ~~], to drive away from, chase away, 
 leave in a hurry; -kumme[’*~~], to sur- 
 vive, escape; -lafe[-* ~~], to walk away from; 
 -enemme|[~*~™~], to take away from, partake 
 of. 
 
 deweert[“*] (der wert), worth while. G der 
 Wert. 
 
 dewedder|~*~], against (it). G dawider. 
 
 dewedder || dappe[’*~~ “Jabc; -fahre[~*~ ~~Jabc; 
 geh*[“*~"Jac; -gloppe[-*~~~Jac; -kumme 
 re? las celatel,.: . jabes /elabnel” ola: 
 sleie[“*~~~Ja; -leje[-*~~~Ja; -najjele[-*~~~~] 
 
 to pat. G 
 
 ac; -renne|’*~~~Jabc; -schpringe[’*~~~Jabc. 
 
 These (and other) compounds of dewedder 
 have meanings with general ideas indicated 
 as follows: (a) against it (having some defi- 
 nite object in mind), (b) simply against 
 with the idea of frustration (without having 
 any definite object in mind), (c) to continue 
 in thesameactivity. Thus: dewedderdappe 
 has all three meanings: (a) to stumble or 
 walk against it (having some definite object 
 in mind), (b) to stumble or walk against 
 (in the sense of having one’s plans blocked), 
 (c) to continue to walk heavily; dewed- 
 dergloppe has two (ac) of these general 
 ideas: (a) to hammer against it (having 
 some definite object in mind) (c) to continue 
 hammering; dewedderlahne has only one: 
 (a) to lean against it (having some definite 
 object in mind). 
 
 deweddermache[**~~~], pp deweddergemacht, 
 to fasten to, continue, keep at it. G 
 dawider-+-machen. 
 
 deweje[“~~], about it, on account of it. G 
 dawegen. 
 
 dewek!**], along: wr is — kumme. G den 
 Weg. 
 
 Dezember[’*~], m, December. G Dezember. 
 
 dezu[~~], to that, also, too, in addition, be- 
 sides; sie sin — nei~, they went in pellmell. 
 G dazu. 
 
 dezu || du~[’*"], to add, put in addition; 
 
 zkeere[“~ ~~], to belong to; -kumme[~*~~], to 
 arrive unexpectedly; -leje[“~ ~~], to lay with; 
 -mache[~~~~], to add to; -rechle[’~~~], to 
 reckon in; -schticke|[“~~~] to persevere, per- 
 sist; -schtolpere[“~~~~[, to come upon un- 
 expectedly; -setze[“*~~], to add; -zaehle 
 [-*~~], to count in. 
 dezwische[~ ~~], in between. G dazwischen. 
 dezwische || darrich[~~~~~], through the midst 
 of; -kumme[~*~~~], to intervene, get in 
 between; -leje[~*~ ~~], to lay between; -rede 
 [-*~>~], to intercede, intermeddle; -schteh~ 
 [~*~ "], to stand between. 
 di[], nom and acc sing of fem of def art, also 
 nom and acc pl of def art, the. G die. 
 dibbel, dippel[*~], m, dot. G Tiipfel. 
 dibbeldonich[*~ ~~], spotted, polka-dotted. G 
 Tiipfel-+--donich. 
 dibblich, dipplich[*~], spotted. G tiipflig. 
 dich[~], acc sing of du, you. G dich. 
 dichelche[*~~], n, small cloth. G Tiichelchen. 
 dicherlilje[~~~™~], f, tiger-lily. G Tigerlilie. 
 dichscht[~], densest, closest. G dichtest. 
 dicht[“], dense; near by, close. G dicht. 
 dichte[*~], pl, verses. G Dichten. 
 dichter[*~], m, poet. G Dichter. 
 dichter[*~], denser, closer. G dichter. 
 dichtich[*~], thorough, capable. G tiichtig. 
 ETNA Ar thoroughly. G_ tiichtig+ 
 
 ich. 
 
 dick[~], thick, close, stout: — un fett. G 
 dick. 
 
 dick || backich[*~~], full-cheeked; -bauch[*7], 
 m, paunchy person; -keppich[*~~], stupid, 
 stubborn, selfish; -kopp[*~], m, blockhead, 
 self-willed person, tadpole; -leiwich[{* ~~], 
 pot-bellied, bloated (of animals), consti- 
 pated; -sack[*™], m, pot-belly; -seckich[*~™], 
 pot-bellied. 
 
 dicker[*~], thicker. G dicker. 
 
 dicking|*~], f, thickness. G Dickung. 
 
 dickscht[“], thickest. G dickst. 
 
 die["], f sing and pl nom and acc of dem adj 
 and pr, this (one), these. G die. 
 
 dieb["], m, thief. G Dieb. 
 
 diebschtahl[*~], m, theft. G Diebstahl. 
 
 diedeldum[™~*] deido[“*], (imitative of jolly 
 music), fiddle-de-dee. 
 
 Diedre[*~], m, Theodoric. G Diederich. 
 
 dief["], deep. G tief. 
 
 diefer[~~], deeper. G tiefer. 
 
 diefing[~~], f, depth. G Tiefung. 
 
 diefscht["], deepest. G tiefst. 
 
 diefsinnich[*~~], thoughtful. G tiefsinnig. 
 
 diene[~~], pp gedient, to serve; dienders 
 
 — eS 
 
 hee 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 4! 
 
 marje, will it be convenient tomorrow, are 
 you minded to do it tomorrow? G dienen. 
 
 diener[~~], m, servant. G Diener. 
 
 dier[{"], n, animal, beast. G Tier. 
 
 dieregarde[~~~~], m, zoological garden. G 
 Tiergarten. 
 
 dierli, dierche[*~]; n, little animal. Dims of 
 
 Tier. 
 
 dies["], this (rare): so um — zeit. G dies. 
 
 dietli[~~], n, dittany. From E. 
 
 dihr["]=ihr, you: — faule bengel. 
 
 dijohr[“*], (some) years ago. 
 
 dill[“], m, dill. G Dill. 
 
 dimmele[*~~], pp gedimmelt, to thunder. P 
 dimmele. 
 
 dinacht[~<], the past night, tonight, the com- 
 ing night (according as it is used with a 
 verb in the past, present or future tense). 
 G die Nacht. Cf demarje. 
 
 dinde[*~], m, ink. G Tinte. 
 
 dinde || beer[*~~], f, poke, pokeweed; -blacke 
 [*~~*“], m, inkspot; -fass[*~~], n, inkstand; 
 -fleck[*~~], f, inkspot; -glas[*~ 7], n, ink- 
 stand. 
 
 ding[~], n, thing; m, fellow; -s mache, to tell 
 stories, joke; so -s, things like that; un so 
 -s,and so forth; as ending of a compound 
 noun, adding the meaning of a collection of, 
 varietyjof: kuchedings. G Ding. 
 
 dinge[*~], pp gedingt, to hire. G dingen. 
 
 dinge[*™], pp gedingt, to fertilize, manure. 
 diingen. 
 
 dingel[*~], dingelche[*~~], n, 
 Dims of G Ding. 
 
 dingrich[*~], m, fellow. G Dingerich. 
 
 dinke, dinge[*~], pp gedinkt, to seem; sich 
 —., to consider oneself, seem; es dinkt mich, 
 it seems to me; dinkt’s dich net, does it 
 not seem to you? G diinken. 
 
 dinn[~], thin. G diinn. 
 
 dinne[*~], pp gedinnt, to thin (out). G 
 diinnen. 
 
 dinner[*™], thinner. G diinner. 
 
 dinn || leiwich{*~~], having loose bowels, lanky 
 (of a person); -schalich[*~~], thin-shelled, 
 thin-skinned. 
 
 dinnscht["], thinnest. G diinnst. 
 
 Dinschdak[*"], m, Tuesday. G Dienstag. 
 
 dinschdlich[*~], serviceable. G dienstlich. 
 
 dinscht[~], dienscht["], m, service; es hott sei 
 -e gedu’, it has served its purpose. G 
 Dienst. 
 
 dinschtmaedel[* ~~], n, servant girl. G Dienst 
 +dG maedel. 
 
 dippel|[* ~] =dibbel. 
 
 dippeldunich[*~~~], small polka-dotted. G 
 Tiipfel+dunich. Cf dibbeldonich. 
 
 dir["], dat sing of du. Gdir. 
 
 disch[“], m, table. G Tisch. 
 
 dischbedat[~~*], m, dispute. G Disput. 
 
 dischbediere[~~*~], pp gedischbediert, to dis- 
 pute, argue. G disputieren. 
 
 disch || bee~[*"], n, table leg; -blatt[*"], n, 
 table-leaf; -duch[*~], n, table-cloth; -flijjel 
 [*~~], m, leaf of a table; -gawwel[*~~], f, 
 
 little thing. 
 
 table-fork; -gscherr[*~], n, dishes; -lappe 
 [~~], m, dishcloth; -lumpe[‘~~], m, dish- 
 cloth; -messer[*~~], n, table-knife. 
 
 dischdel[*~], £, common thistle. G Distel. 
 
 dischdelfink[*~~], f, goldfinch. G Distelfink. 
 
 dischder[*~], dim, dusk. G diiister. Cf 
 duschber. 
 
 dischdilliere[“~~~], pp gedischdilliert, to distil. 
 G destillieren. 
 
 dischdre[*~], gedischdert, to quiet, sooth, 
 pacify. P dichtere. 
 
 dischligraut[*~~], n, wild peppergrass. Cf 
 peffergraut. 
 
 ditti, titti[*~], m, mother’s breast, teat, titty, 
 mother’s milk. dG ditte, titti. 
 
 ditz[“], m, teat. G Zitze, dG ditz. 
 
 diweil[**], while, as. G dieweil. 
 
 diwoch[~ *], this last week, this week (according 
 as it is used with a verb in the past or 
 
 present tense). G die Woche. Cf de- 
 marje. 
 
 dizeit[“~], since then; — ass, since (conj). G 
 die Zeit. 
 
 do["], here, then, under these circumstances; 
 des —, this; der — mann, this man. G 
 da, dG do. 
 do || anne[~~~], here, in this place (with a 
 verb of motion); -darrich[~~~], through 
 here, through this section; -darrichnaus 
 [~~~], out through here; -darrichnei~ 
 [~~~], in through here, in this direction; 
 -darrichniwwer!~~~*~], over in this direc- 
 tion; -darrichnuff[~~~*], up through here; 
 snunner[~~~*~], down through here; -dar- 
 -richraus[~~~*], out through here; -darri- 
 chrei~[~~~*], in through here; -darrich- 
 riwwer[~~~*~], over through here; -darrich- 
 ruff[~~~*], up through here; -darrichrunner 
 [“~~**~], down through here; -debei[*~™~], by 
 this; -dedarrich[~~~~], through this; -defor 
 [~~~], for this; -degeje[~~~~], against this; 
 zdehinner[~~~™~], behind this, back of this; 
 -(de)mit[~~~], with this; -denewe[*~~~], 
 alongside here; -denno[*~"], after this, ac- 
 cording to this; -devor[*~~], before this; 
 -devun(~~~], of this, from this; -deweje 
 [~~~], on this account, for this reason; 
 -dezu[*~"], to this; -dezwische[*~~~], be- 
 tween here; -dra[~"], at this; -dra*hi~[~~~], 
 along here; -dra~naus[~ ~~], out along here; 
 -<drauss[~"], out here; -drin[*~], in here; 
 -driwwe[ ~~], over here; -driwwer[~~~], over 
 this; -drowwe[~*~], up here; -druff[~*~], on 
 here; -druffhi~[~~~], along on this, on the 
 strength of this; -drum[~~], about this; 
 -drunne[~*~], down here; -drunner[*~~], 
 under this; -her[*"], hither, along here, 
 hence; bis —, hitherto; -herzus[~*~], along 
 here; zhauss[~*], out here; -hi*[*7], here, to 
 this place, along this way; -hinne[~~~], back 
 here; -hinnri[~“~], back (here) (with a verb 
 of motion); -hinnrizus[~*~~], off back in 
 this direction; -hiwwe[" ~~], over here, on this 
 side; -hi*zus[*~~], along here; -howwe[™*™], 
 up here; -hunne["*~], down here; -mit[~*~], 
 
42 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 with this; -naus|~*~], out here; -nauszus["~~], 
 out in this direction; -nei~[*7], in here; 
 enei~zus["~~], off in this direction; -newe 
 [~*~], alongside here; -niwwer[™*~], over 
 here, to the other side; -niwwerzus[- ~~~], off 
 over in that direction; -nuff[~~], up here; 
 snuffzus["*~], up in this direction; -nunner 
 [~~~], down here; -nunnerzus["*~~], down 
 in this direction; -raus[~"], out here; 
 rauszus[ ~~], out this way; -rei~[*"], in 
 here; -rei~zus["*~], in this way; -ruff[~~], 
 up here; -ruffzus["**], up this way; -rum 
 [~~], around here, hereabouts; -runner]~ ~~], 
 down here; -runnerzus[~“~~], down this 
 way; -veerri["*~], forward here; -verrizus 
 [-*~~], up front here; -varne[“’~], here in 
 front; -zerick[~~~], back in this direction; 
 -zerickzus|" ~*~], back this way. 
 
 dobe[~~], f, paw, hand, clutches: 
 in di — grickt. dG dobe. 
 
 dobleiwe[~~~], pp dogebliwwe, to stay here. 
 G dableiben. 
 
 doch["], yet, though, nevertheless, surely, to 
 be sure; er hott’s — gedu”’, he did it, 
 
 wann 2r’s 
 
 didn’t he? er hott’s —’ gedu’, he did it 
 after all. G doch. 
 
 dochder[*~], f, pl dechder, daughter. G 
 Tochter. 
 
 dochdermann[*~™], m, son-in-law. G Toch- 
 termann. 
 
 docht[“], m, wick. G Docht. 
 
 dock(e)[*~], tock[-], f, bundle of flax (for 
 spinning). G Docke, Tocke. 
 
 docke[*~], pp gedockt, to put (flax) into 
 bundles for spinning. G docken. 
 
 dod["], m, death. G Tod. 
 
 dode || bahr[~~~], f, bier; -drak[~~~], f, bier; 
 egleed[~~"], n, shroud; -glocke[~~~~], f 
 knell, funeral bell; -graewer[~~~~], m, 
 grave-digger; -kutsch[~~~], f, hearse; -lad 
 [-~"], f, coffin; -lischt[*~~], f, obituary, list 
 of the dead; -uhr[*~*], f, deathwatch; 
 -wajje[~~~~], m, hearse. 
 
 dod(es)angscht[-~~], f, paralyzing fear; adj 
 deathly afraid. G Todesangst. 
 
 Boges Traine n, deathbed; -fall[~~~], m, 
 
 deat 
 
 dod || grank[*~], dangerously ill; mied[*7], 
 dead tired. 
 
 dohi™ || fahre[“*~~], Bi drive along; -falle 
 
 [“*~~], to stumble, fa 
 
 dohl["], n, Eeaeerohed conduit for water. 
 dG dole. 
 
 dokter[*~], m, doctor. G Doktor. 
 
 dokter || buch[*~*], n, medical work, home 
 doctor; -fra[*~~], f, woman who dispenses 
 home- made remedies; -schtofft[*~~], n, 
 medicine. 
 
 doktere[*~~], pp gedoktert, to take medicine, 
 be attended by a physician, practice medi- 
 cine, adulterate. G doktern. 
 
 dokterei[“~*], f, doctoring, practice of medi- 
 cine, (continued) dosing. G Dokter+ei. 
 
 dolch[~], m, dagger. G Dolch. 
 
 doll[“], mad, frantic, distracted: mer werd jo 
 ans —; —undab. G toll. 
 dollfuss[*"], m, misshapen foot, club-foot. 
 G Dollfuss. 
 dolmetsche[*~~], pp gedolmetscht, to inter- 
 pret, explain, gossip, harangue wildly. G 
 dolmetschen. 
 
 dolmetscher[*~~], m, interpreter. G Dol- 
 metscher. 
 
 dolmetschung[*~~], f, interpretation. G Dol- 
 metschung. 
 
 domols[*"], at that time. G damals. 
 
 Don(i)[~~], m, Anthony. G Anton. 
 
 dopp[“], m, top (of a tree). G Topp. 
 
 doppe[*~], pp gedoppt, to top (corn or a tree). 
 toppen. 
 
 doppel | gsichtich{* ~~~], double-faced; -lafich 
 
 , double-barreled; -sinnich[*~~~j], am- 
 biguous; ; -schteenich|* te “], plaid. 
 doppel(t)[*~], double. G doppelt. 
 nore [*~], pp gedoppelt, to double. 
 eln. 
 dor["], n, gate, door of a barnor shed. G Tor. 
 
 G dop- 
 
 doreposchde[*~~~], m, gate-post. G Tor- 
 pfosten. 
 
 dort I n, village (in nursery rhyme only). G 
 or 
 
 dorheet, dorheit[~~], f, folly. G Torheit. 
 Dori[*~], m, Theodore. G (Theo)dor. 
 dos["], f, dose. G Dosis. 
 
 dot["[, dead: en -es, a corpse. G tot. 
 
 dotgebore[~~ ~~], still-born. G totgeboren. 
 
 dotmache[~~~], pp dotgemacht, to kill. G 
 tot-+machen. 
 
 dotmacherei[*~~*],f, murder. Gtot-++-Mach- 
 erel. 
 
 dotschlack[*~], m, manslaughter. G Tot- 
 schlag. 
 
 dotschlaejer[~~~], m, murderer. G _ Tot- 
 schlager. 
 
 dotschlajje[~~~], pp dotgschlajje, to kill, slay. 
 G totschlagen. 
 
 dottel[*~], m, simple person. dG doddel. 
 
 dotter[*~], m, yolk of an egg, dodder, false flax. 
 G Dotter. 
 
 dotterblumm|*~~], f, marsh marigold, cowslip. 
 G Dotterblume. 
 
 dottlich[*~], anxious, on tenterhooks. P 
 doddelig. 
 
 mote pp gedobt, to rage, bluster. G 
 toben. 
 
 Dowwes|[*~], m, Tobias. G Tobias. 
 
 dozumol[{*~"], at that time, then. Gdazumal. 
 
 dra~, dro~["], at (about, near, of) it. 
 
 drach{* ], m, dragon, kite, meteor, will o’ the 
 wisp. G Drache. 
 
 dracheloch[*~™], n, cave. G Drache+Loch. 
 
 drachte, trachte[*~], pp gedracht, to strive 
 after, pursue. G trachten. 
 
 dra~|| denke[~*~], to think of it; -du[*"], to 
 put (some one) to doing something, add to; 
 fehle[ "1, to be lacking in something; 
 
 -geh“[“"], to begin (something); «glawe 
 
 [=], to believe in it; -grieje[~~ “1, to get 
 (some one) to do Pestle ie chalte[~~~], 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 43 
 
 sich, to keep at it; -henke[*~~], to hang 
 (something )at it, be continually at some- 
 thing; -kumme[* ~~], to get to do something; 
 smache[~~~], sich, to begin to do something; 
 emisse[~~~], to be compelled to do some- 
 thing; -sei~[~~], to be doing something, be 
 at it; -wolle[~~~], to want to get at doing 
 something. 
 
 draejer[~~], m, bearer, porter, pall-bearer. 
 G Trager. 
 
 draen, traen["], f, tear. G Trine. 
 
 draje[~~], pp gedraje, to carry, wear, bear, 
 endure, be with young. G tragen. 
 
 drajend[~~], with young. G tragend. 
 
 drajet[~~], f, as much as one can carry. dG 
 traget. 
 
 drajich[~~], with young. Gé tragig. 
 
 drak["], f, frame on which something is car- 
 ried, bier. G Trage. 
 
 drakdiere, trakdiere[~“~], pp gedrakdiert, to 
 abuse cruelly. G traktieren. 
 
 draksack[*~], m, uterus (of animals). G 
 Tragsack. 
 
 dram[], m, dream. G Traum. 
 
 drambuch[~~], n, dreambook. G Traum- 
 buch. 
 
 drame[~*~], pp gedramt, to dream. G trau- 
 
 men. 
 
 dramerei["~*], f, (continued) dreaming. G 
 Traumerei. 
 
 dramm|[~], m, dram, rum, whiskey. E dram 
 influenced by E rum. 
 
 dramm || ratt[*~], f, toper, sot; -supp [*~], f, 
 soup with rum in it. 
 
 drang[“], m, force, forcing, tenesmus. G 
 Prange.) 
 
 prenenel: “], m, torment, misery. G Drang- 
 sal. 
 
 drank, trank[“], m, drink, beverage. G Trank. 
 
 drapp, trapp[~], m, footmark. G Trapp. 
 
 drassem[*~], m, unused ends of warp in 
 carpet weaving. dG drassem. 
 
 dratsch["], f, gadabout, gossip. G Tratsch. 
 
 dratsche[’~], pp gedratscht, to gossip, trudge. 
 G tratschen. 
 
 dratt[“], m, trot. G Trott. 
 
 dratte[*~], pp gedratt, totrot, gad. Gtrotten. 
 
 dratter|[*~], m, trotter. G Trotter. 
 
 draub["], f, pl drauwe, grape. G Traube. 
 
 draue, traue[~~], pp gedraut, to trust, marry; 
 sich —, to dare, venture. G trauen. 
 
 drauer[~~], f, mourning, woe, affliction. G 
 Trauer. 
 
 drau(e)re, trau(e)re[~~~], pp gedrauert, to 
 mourn, grieve, wilt (of plants). G trauern. 
 
 drauer || gleed[~~"], n, mourning garment; 
 zhaus[~~~],n, house of mourning; -leit[*~"], 
 pl, mourners; -lied[~~~], n, dirge; -schtunn 
 [~~~], f, hour of mourning; -weide[~~~~], 
 m, f, weeping willow. 
 
 draurich, traurich[~~], sad, afflicted. G trau- 
 
 rig. 
 crerueeet |) f, sadness. G Trauerig- 
 eit. 
 
 draus["], out of it; es werd nix —, nothing 
 will come of it. G daraus. 
 
 drauss["], outside, out of doors. G draussen. 
 
 drauss || haite[~~~], to keep (some one) out 
 (of a place); -sei~[~"], to be out in the 
 
 open. 
 
 drauwe || brieh[*~"], f, grape juice; -hengel 
 {[~~~~], m, bunch of grapes; -keern[*~”~], f, 
 grape-seed; -kelter[~~~~], grape or wine 
 press; -rank[*~~], f, grapevine; -«schtock 
 [~~~], m, grapevine; -wei~[*~"], m, grape- 
 wine. 
 
 drechder[*~], m, funnel. G Trichter. 
 
 drechder || blumm[*~~],_ f, morning-glory; 
 bindweed; petunia; dogtooth violet, yellow 
 adder’s tongue; -kuche[*~~~], m, funnel 
 cake. 
 
 drechdich[*~], with young. G trachtig. 
 
 dreck[“], m, dirt, mud, filth, excrementum, 
 trifle; des geht dich ken — 4’, this is no 
 concern of yours; eenicher —, any trifle. 
 G Dreck. 
 
 dreck || hammel[*~~], m, filthy person; -hund 
 [*“], m, scamp, rascal; -loch[’~], n, puddle, 
 filthy habitation; -sack[*~], m, filthy per- 
 son; -sau[’"], f, filthy person; -schwallem 
 [*~~], f, m, mud-swallow; -weschp [*”], f, 
 mud-wasp. 
 
 dreckich[*~], dirty, filthy, soiled. Gdreckich. 
 
 dred["], m, kick. G Tritt. 
 
 drede[~~], pp gedrede, to tread, kick, step, 
 copulate (of a rooster). G treten. 
 
 dreder[~~], m, kicker, treadle. G Treter. 
 
 dreeschde, treeschde[~~], pp gedreescht, to 
 console. G trésten. 
 
 dreeschtlich[{[~~], consoling. G tréstlich. 
 
 dreeschtmiedich, treeschtmiedich[~*~~], medi- 
 tative, meek, dejected. G Trost+-Mut+ 
 
 ig. 
 dreffe[*~], pp gedroffe, to hit, strike, be lucky 
 
 in; sich —, to happen, chance. G treffen. 
 dreffer[*~], m, lucky number in a lottery, 
 prize. G Treffer. 
 
 dreffloch[’~], n, term applied to a person who 
 guesses or judges correctly, or who boasts 
 of being able todo so. G Treff+Loch. 
 
 drefts[“], f, chess, cheat. dG trefts. 
 
 dreh[{"], f, turn, twist, curve, crank. dG 
 drehe. 
 
 dreh || arjel[*~~], f, grind-organ; -bank[~”], f, 
 turning lathe; -hendel[*~~], m, winch; -hols 
 [~~], n, rolling-pin. 
 
 drehe[*~], pp gedreht, to turn, twist; butter 
 —, to churn butter. G drehen. 
 
 drehe[*~], pp gedreht, to threaten. G dro- 
 hen, drauen. Cf drohe. 
 
 drei[™], three. G drei. 
 
 drei || angel[~~~], m, triangle (musical instru- 
 ment); -beenich[~~~], three-legged; -blet- 
 trich[* ~~], three-leaved ; -doppelt|~ ~~], three- 
 ply; -draehdich[*~~], three-ply; -eck[~~], n, 
 triangle; -eckich[~~~], triangular; -eenich, 
 -einich{~~~], triune; -eenichkeet, -einichkeit 
 [“~"], f, trinity; -erlee, -erlei[~~~], of three 
 sorts; -fach[~™~], treble; -fuss[~~], m, tripod, 
 
44 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 trivet; -hunnert[”*~], three hundred; -jaehr- 
 ich[~~~], three years old, triennial; -mol 
 [~~], three times; -seitich[~ ~~], three-sided, 
 triangular; -schpitz[~~], m, triangle, tri- 
 dent; -sitzich{[~~~], three-seated; -zinkich 
 [~~~], three-pronged. 
 dreibrad[~~], n, driving-wheel. 
 drei~ || gewwe[~~~], to give in, yield; -gucke 
 [~~~], look (on), examine, consider; -mische 
 {-~~], sich, to mix up in an affair; -schlajje 
 [“~~], to pitch in; -sehne[~~~], to look, ap- 
 pear, yielda point; zr hott arrick drei gsehne, 
 he was a sight! 
 dreissich[*~], thirty. G dreissig. 
 dreissichscht[~~], thirtieth. G dreissigst. 
 dreiwe|[~~], pp gedriwwe, to drive, put forth 
 leaves, engage in,do. Gtreiben. 
 dreiwer[~~], m, driver, drover, coachman. G 
 Treiber. 
 dreizeh[~~], thirteen. G dreizehn. 
 dreizeht[~~], thirteenth. G dreizehnt. 
 drenge[’~], pp gedrengt, tourge. Gdrangen. 
 drenk[”], f, watering place. G Tranke. 
 drenke[*~], pp gedrenkt, to water, suckle. G 
 tranken. 
 drenk || eemer|*~~], m, watering bucket; -loch 
 {*~], n, watering place. 
 drenne, trenne[*~], pp gedrennt, to separate, 
 sever, rip. G trennen. 
 drennung, trennung[*~], f, 
 Trennung. 
 drepp[‘], f, stair, step. G Treppe. 
 dreppche[*~], n, little drop. G Trépfchen. 
 drepsle[*~], pp gedrepselt, to fall in small 
 drops. Dim of dG dropse. 
 dresch || brill[*~], f, goggles used by threshers; 
 -denn|[*~], f, threshing floor; -flejjel[*~~], m, 
 flail; -maschien[*~~], f, thresher (machine); 
 ezeit[’ “], f, threshing time. 
 dreschder[*~], m, pomace. G Trester. 
 dresche[*~], pp gedrosche, to thresh, thrash, 
 flog. G dreschen. 
 drescher[*~], m, thresher. G Drescher. 
 dresching[’~], f, beating. G Dresch+ing. 
 dricke[*“], pp gedrickt, to press, squeeze, 
 crush, hug; di sunn drickt awwer, but 
 isn’t the sun hot. G driicken. 
 dricker|*~], m, trigger. G Driicker. 
 drickes|*~], n, so’n, pressing, feeling of oppres- 
 sion. Noun formed from dricke. 
 drickle[*~], pp gedrickelt, to dry. dG drick- 
 eln 
 
 separation. G 
 
 drickning[*~], f, drouth. Noun formed from 
 stem in drickle. G Trocknis. 
 
 drickse[*~], pp gedrickst, to threaten or 
 promise without fulfilling; es drickst de 
 ganse dak, it has been threatening (rain) 
 all day. G drucksen. 
 
 drickser[*~], m, person who hesitates about 
 doing a thing, person who holds off, shrewd 
 one in pressing a bargain. Noun from 
 drickse. 
 
 drieb["], dim, cloudy, turbid, muddy, de- 
 jected (of a person). G triib. 
 
 driebsal[*~], m, tribulation, sorrow; — blose, 
 to be downcast. G Triibsal. 
 
 G Treibrad. » 
 
 dries["], f, gland. G Driise. 
 
 drill[-], f, drill. G Drill. 
 
 drillbohre[*~~], m, drill, wimble. G Drill- 
 bohrer. 
 
 drille[*~], pp gedrillt, to drill, sow with a drill, 
 cause to move. drillen. 
 
 driller[*~], m, turn-button. MHG drillen, 
 to turn. 
 
 drillere[*~~], pp gedrillert, to trill. G trillern. 
 
 drilling[*~], triplet, ticking (for feather-beds). 
 G Drilling. 
 
 drillsaek[* ], f, hacksaw. G Drillsage. 
 
 drin{~], in it, within, inside, indoors. G drin. 
 
 dringe[*~], pp gedrunge, to be urgent, urge; 
 
 ruff —, to insist upon. G dringen. 
 
 dringend[*~], urgent. G dringend. 
 
 drink || blech[*~], n, tin-cup; -geld[*~], n, tip, 
 pourboire (on settling a bill); -schpruch 
 [‘~], m, toast; -wasser[*~~], n, drinking 
 water. 
 
 drinke[*~], pp gedrunke, to drink. Gtrinken. 
 
 drinke[*~], n, drink, strong drink, drinking. 
 G Trinken. 
 
 drinker|*~], m, toper. G Trinker. 
 
 drinkes[*~], n, beverage. Verbal noun in s. 
 
 drippelerwet|*~~~], f, chores. G trippeln+ 
 Arbeit. 
 
 dripple[*~], pp gedrippelt, to move with short 
 steps, trample, copulate (of a turkey-cock). 
 G trippeln. 
 
 dritt[“], third. G dritt. 
 
 dritt[“], m, tread, kick. G Tritt. 
 
 dritte|‘~], pp gedritt, sich, to happen three 
 times. From dritt. 
 
 drittel[*~], n, third, widow’s dower. G Drit- 
 
 tel. 
 
 drittens[*~], thirdly. G drittens. 
 
 dritter[*~], en, the figure 3, tray (in cards). 
 From dritt. 
 
 drittletscht[’~], last but two. G drittletzt. 
 
 driwwe[*~], over there, on the other side. G 
 driiben. 
 
 driwweliere, triwweliere[~’~~], pp gedriwwe- 
 liert, to torment, plague. Gé tribulieren. 
 
 driwwer[‘~], over it, across, more, in the mean 
 while; zr is —, he has recovered; es is nix 
 —, there is nothing better. G driiber. 
 
 driwwer || geh~[*~~], to overhaul, skim over, 
 skimp; z-kumme[*~~~], to survive, re- 
 cover; -lafe[*~~], to walk over. 
 
 driwwich[*~] =driwwe. 
 
 droddle[‘~], pp gedroddelt, to roam, go, move 
 (slowly). G trotteln. 
 
 drohe, droie[*~], pp gedroht, to threaten. 
 G drohen, drauen. 
 
 droht["], m, wire, wax-ends. G Draht. 
 
 drohte|[*~], (of) wire. G drahten. 
 
 droht || garn[*~], mn, shoemaker’s thread; 
 -najjel[~~~], m, wire nail; -schtumbe[~~~], 
 m, shoemaker’s ends, wax-ends; -zang(~~], 
 f, wire pliers. 
 
 drok["], m, trough. G Trog. 
 
 droll[-], m, easy trot, f, a gadabout. G 
 trollen. 
 
 drolle[*~], pp gedrollt, to go along at an easy 
 
 
 
Pennsylvanta-German Dictionary 45 
 
 trot, jog; droll dich, run along, be gone. 
 G trollen. 
 
 drollich{*~], droll. G drollig. 
 
 dron, drun[7], m, fishoil. G Tran. 
 
 dron{7], m, throne. G Thron. 
 
 dropp[“], m, fellow, simpleton: 
 G Tropf. 
 
 droppe[* , m, drop; (pl) any liquid medicine. 
 G Tropfen. 
 
 dropse, dropsle[*~], pp gedropst, to fall in 
 drops, rain a few drops, drip. dG dropse. 
 
 droschel, drossel[*~], f, thrush. G Drossel. 
 
 droscht, troscht[7], m, consolation; liewer —, 
 good Lord! oh my! G Trost. 
 
 atinetra a. 
 
 droschtmiedich, trostmiedich|~~~], medita- 
 tive, dejected, meek, self-satisfied. G 
 Trost + Mut -+ig. 
 
 droschtreich, trostreich{~"], consoling. G 
 
 trostreich. 
 
 dross[“], dross, drill, first line of a nursery 
 rhyme. 
 
 drowwe[*~], up above, upstairs, on the top. 
 G droben. 
 
 drowwedrauss[~~~], away up, up country, at 
 the top. G droben+draussen. 
 
 druck[~], m, pressure, print. G Druck. 
 
 druck || dinde[*~~], m, printer’s ink; -sache 
 [~~~], pl, printed matter. 
 drucke[*~], pp gedruckt, to print. Gdrucken. 
 
 drucke[*~], dry. G trocken. 
 
 drucker[*~], m, printer. G Drucker. 
 
 druckerei[~~~], f, printing establishment. G 
 Druckerei. 
 
 druff[~], on it, upon it; — zu, directly towards 
 the point or object; karz —, shortly after; 
 
 es — A kumme losse, to await develop- 
 ments; — aus sei’, to bend one’s energies 
 towards, aim at; — aus schticke, to insist. 
 G darauf. 
 
 druff || anne[~*~], thereat, thereon; -beitsche 
 *"~l, to give blows, beat, knock on; -belse 
 [~~], to strike or hammer on; -buffe[*~™], 
 to give a whack; <-grieje[*~~], par, to get 
 blows; -gucke[*~~], to look on, consider; 
 shalte[*~~], to lay on, beat; net viel —, not 
 to have much regard for; -hi~[~~], on the 
 strength of it, on account; -losgeh”[~ ~"], 
 to make a break for, work furiously; 
 -schnappe[*~~], to die, kick the bucket. 
 
 druffundewedder[‘~~~*], busily, actively, in- 
 cessantly: — schaffe, — rejjne. 
 drum[*], about it, for that reason; ich gebb 
 nix —, I don’t care; ich bekimmer mich 
 nix —, I don’t concern myself about it. 
 G drum. 
 
 drumm|[*], f, drum, hollow cylinder for heating 
 aroom. dG drumm. 
 
 drummbel[*~], f, Jew’s harp. G Trommel. 
 
 drummble[*~], pp gedrummbelt, to play on 
 the Jew’s harp. G trommeln. 
 
 drumme[*~], pp gedrummt, to drum. dG 
 drumme. 
 
 drummegnippel[*~~~], m, 
 Trommelkléppel. 
 
 drummer[*~], m, drummer. 
 
 drumstick. G 
 
 dG drummeler. 
 
 drummle[*~], pp gedrummelt, to drum with 
 the fingers. dG drummele. 
 
 drummsaek[**], f, crosscut saw. dG drumm- 
 sage. 
 
 drummbet[**], f, trumpet, clarion. G Trom- 
 pete. 
 
 drump[*], m, trump. G Trumpf. 
 
 drumpe[*~], pp gedrumpt, to trump. G 
 trumpfen. 
 
 drumrum|[~*], around it. G sdk +herum. 
 
 drunk[“], m, drink. G Trunk 
 
 drunne[*~], down (there), below (there). G 
 drunten. 
 
 drunner[*~], under it, among them, beneath; 
 — un driwwer, topsy-turvy. G drunter. 
 
 drunnerscht[*~] driwwersch(t), topsy-turvy. 
 Probably formed in imitation of ’s un- 
 nerscht ’s ewwerscht =in G das Oberste zu 
 unterst. 
 
 drupp[*], 
 Truppe. 
 
 druppweis|* “], in flocks, herds or bevies. G 
 truppweise. 
 
 drutsch[~], f, disreputable woman. 
 schel, Trutschel. 
 
 druwwel[*~], m, trouble, anxiety, exertion. 
 G Trubel. 
 
 du[], you (sing). As exclamation it=say! 
 well! After a verb in an interrogative or 
 imperative sentence, or after wann in a 
 conditional clause, it is usually sounded 
 de[“] and is pronounced with the preceding 
 word like an enclitic: was widde? gehschde 
 mer! kumm, wannde mitwitt. G du. 
 
 du“[], pp gedu’, to do, perform; sell dutt’s, 
 that’s enough, that will do; used as 
 auxiliary to indicate the progressive form 
 or for emphasis: mer dun schaffe, mer dun 
 jo singe. 
 
 duch[~], n, cloth, handkerchief. G Tuch. 
 
 duche[*~], (of) cloth. G tuchen. 
 
 ducke[*~], pp geduckt, sich, to duck. G 
 ducken. 
 
 duckmeisich, duppmeisich[*~~], sneaking. G 
 duckmiausig, G ducken. 
 
 dudel[~~], m; nau” geht der — 4’, now the 
 business (work, trouble) begins. G Dude- 
 
 lei. 
 dudelsack[~~~], m, bagpipe. G Dudelsack. 
 
 f, flock, herd, drove, bevy. G 
 
 G Drut- 
 
 dudle[*~], pp gedudelt, to play an instrument 
 badly, hum (a melody). G dudeln. 
 dudler|[~~], m, bad player. G Dudler. 
 
 dudu[~"], m, =guckuck: der — grickt dich. 
 
 duft[-], m, hoar frost as seen in winter, vapor 
 forming on a finely polished surface, fra- 
 grance. G Duft. 
 
 dufte[*~], pp geduft, to form hoar frost on 
 objects in winter, yield fragrance. G 
 duften. 
 
 duftich[*~], having the appearance of hoar 
 frost in winter or of moisture on a polished 
 surface, frosty (applied to still mornings 
 in winter), fragrant. G duftig. 
 
 dulde[’~], pp geduldet, to bear, tolerate. G 
 dulden. 
 
46 The Pennsyloania-German Soctety 
 
 dulleban, dolleban[’~*], f, tulip. G Tulipan. 
 
 dulleblumm|[*~™~], f, tulip. G Tulpe+Blumm. 
 
 dumbich[*~], hot, close (of the air). G 
 dumpfig. 
 
 du~ens[~~], doings, goings-on. G form from 
 E doin’s. 
 
 dumer[*~]=dun mer, we do, do we. 
 
 dumm]~], ignorant, stupid. G dumm. 
 
 dummel|*~], subdued noise. G Tummel. 
 
 dummheet[*], f, ignorance, stupidity; -e 
 mache, to commit an act of poor judgment 
 or folly, play a prank. G Dummbheit. 
 
 dumm || kopp[*~], m, blockhead; -lack[*~], m, 
 blockhead. 
 
 dummle[’~], pp gedummelt, sich, to hurry. 
 G tummeln. 
 
 dumor[™*], gedumor|’~*], n, noise (as in a 
 factory or at a large gathering). Probably 
 from G Rumor. 
 
 dumploch, damploch[*~], n, dump-hole. G 
 Tiimp+Loch. 
 
 dun["], down (feathers). G Daune. 
 
 dunke[*~], pp gedunkt, to dip, immerse. G 
 tunken. 
 
 dunkel[*~], dark; dunkle nachte, (the) dark 
 of the moon. G dunkel. 
 
 dunkel |! blo[-~*], dark-blue; -brau*[*~*], dark 
 bay, chestnut; -farwich[*~~~], dark colored; 
 -rot[~ ~~], dark red. 
 
 tDunker[*~], m, Dunkard. G tunken. 
 
 dunkes[*™], n, gravy, sauce. Gtunken. 
 
 dunn, dann[~],f, ton. G Tonne. 
 
 dunner[*~], m, thunder, vituperative term 
 applied to a person; — uns gewitter, con- 
 found it! damn it! G Donner. 
 
 dunnere[*~~], pp gedunnert, to thunder. G 
 donnern. 
 
 dunner || grie~[“~*], formed facetiously and 
 added to blitzeblo; -hajels[-~*~], deucedly, 
 awiully; -kei(de)l[~~*~], gee whiz!; -lotters 
 [-~*~], confoundedly, awfully; -schlack[*~~], 
 m, thunderbolt; -wetter[*~*~], n, thunder- 
 storm (rare), an exclamation and curse, a 
 vituperative term applied to a person. 
 
 dunnerwetters-er, -i, -, adj, devil of a: was 
 bin ich en dunnerwetterser jurymann. G 
 Donnerwetter. 
 
 dunschdich[*~], vapory, moist. G dunstig. 
 
 dunscht[“], m, vapor, exhalation. G Dunst. 
 
 duppe[*~], m, dot, spot, period. G Tupf. 
 
 dupplich[*™], spotted, dotted. G tiipfelig. 
 
 dus|"], soft and low. dG dus, dusig (not F 
 douce). 
 
 duschber, duschder[*~], dusk, twilight. dG 
 duschber. 
 
 duschde[*~], do you? G tust du. 
 
 duschder[*~], dauschder[*~], dusk, twilight. 
 dG duschter. Cf duschber. 
 
 dus(e)le[*~~], pp geduselt, to nap, be sleepy. 
 
 G duseln. 
 dusslich[*~], uneasy: 'sisre—. dG dusselig. 
 dutt[“], f, paperbag. G Tiite. 
 dutzend, dutzed[*~], n, dozen. G Dutzend. 
 
 dutzenderweis[*~~~], by dozens, dozens at a 
 time. G dutzendweise. 
 
 ’ ecksentrisch[“~~], eccentric. 
 
 duwack[~~], m, tobacco. G Tabak. 
 duwacks-brieh[*~"], f, tobacco-juice; 
 -schtengel[*~~~], m, tobacco plant. 
 
 E 
 ' e"[']=en: — wennich, — bissel; es is — 
 sin(d) un — schan(d); — johrer sechse, 
 
 Six years or so. 
 
 eb, ob["], before x, e, i frequently ew, ow["], 
 whether, if. dG eb, G ob. 
 
 eb[“], (prep and conj) before, sooner than 
 MHG é, ehebevor, G ehe. Cf ebmols. 
 
 ebermlich[’*~], pitiful, awful, miserable. G 
 erbarmlich. 
 
 ebber[*~], some one; jeder —, every one, 
 everybody. dG ebber <etwer. 
 
 ebbes[*~], something; some, about; — gleich, 
 something like, something worth while. 
 dG ebbes < etwas. 
 
 ebmol(s)[*~], some time, sometimes. 
 
 ebwohl, obwohl[- *], although. G obwohl. 
 
 echsli[’~], n, small ox. Dim of G Ochs. 
 
 eck[“], n, corner, angle, section, out of the 
 way section; iwwers —, diagonally; in alle 
 -e, everywhere, high and low. G Ecke. 
 
 eck || balle[*~~], corner-ball (game); -haus[**], 
 n, corner house; -schank[*~], m, corner cup- 
 board; -scheit[*"], n, carpenter’s square; 
 -schtee~[*"], m, corner-stone; -schteenich 
 [*~“], checkered. ; 
 
 eckich{*~], having corners, cornered. G eckig. 
 
 G excentrisch. 
 
 edarn, edorn, edann[~~], m, horehound. G 
 Andorn. 
 
 edel[*~], noble. G edel. 
 
 edel || mut[*~"], m, generosity; -schtee”[*~"], 
 
 m, gem. 
 edelscht[~~], noblest. G edelst. 
 
 edler[~~], nobler. G edler. 
 edlich[~~], noble. MHG edeli, G adlich. 
 ee*["], one (num); es war alles — wasser, 
 
 water everywhere. G ein. 
 
 ee* || ermich[*~~], one-armed; -Ajich[*~~], 
 one-eyed; -beenich[~~~], one-legged; -fach 
 [~~], simple; -facht(ich)[~~~], single, not 
 double; -feldich[~~~], foolish, queer, simple, 
 half-witted; -hunnert["*~], one hundred; 
 zjaehrich[~~~], one year old; -lafich[~~~], 
 single-barreled; -letzich[*~~], sporadic, 
 singly, dG _ elletzig; -schtimmich[*~~], 
 unanimous; -seidich[~ ~~], one-sided, incom- 
 plete, biased; — koppweh, migraine; -sitzich 
 [~~~], one-seated; -zechtich[*~™~], singly. dG 
 ezachtig. 
 
 eeche[*~], f, m, oak. G Eiche. 
 
 eeche[~~], oaken. G eichen. 
 
 eeche -bam[*~"], m, oak-tree; -blatt[*~"], n, 
 oak-leaf; -hols[*~~], n, oak-wood. 
 
 eechel[*~], f, acorn. G Eichel. 
 
 eecherli[*~~], n, squirrel. dG eicherle. 
 
 eech || hernche[*~~], n, squirrel; -haesel[*~™], 
 n, squirrel; -has[*"], m, squirrel, gray 
 squirrel. 
 
 eed["], m, oath. G Eid. 
 
 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 47 
 
 ee“fachtsbensel, ee“faltspensil|*~~~], n, sim- 
 pleton. G Einfaltspinsel. 
 
 ee vgeils || bett[““~], n, bed for one person 
 only; -wajje["~~~], m, one-horse wagon. 
 
 eehr| J, n, eye (of a needle). G Ohr. 
 
 eeje[~~], pp geeekt, to harrow. G eggen. 
 
 eeje[~~], own. G eigen. 
 
 eejedum(*~*], n, property. G Rinentipy 
 
 eeje || lieb[(“~'], f, egotism; -lob[~~"], m, self- 
 praise; -mechtich{~~~*], self-willed; -sinn 
 {-~~], m, wilfulness; -sinnisch{ ~~~], self- 
 willed, stubborn. 
 
 eejentlich|~~*], really. G eigentlich. 
 
 eejne[~~], pp geeejent, toown. G eignen. 
 
 eejner([~~], m, owner. G Eigner. 
 
 eek["], f, pl eeje, harrow. G Egge. 
 
 eel, eil[” 1,n, oil. GOL 
 
 eel | babble|=~*], m, Balm of Gilead (salve 
 prepared from the buds of this tree); -bam 
 {*"], m, olive tree; -blatt[~~], n, olive leaf; 
 -duch[~~], n, oilcloth; -kann(~~], t oil-can, 
 oil-gland of a fowl; -schtee”[~"], m, oil- 
 stone; -walnuss[~~~], f, butternut. 
 
 eele[~~], pp geeelt, to oil, lubricate. G Glen. 
 
 eelich[~~], oily. G dlig. 
 
 eeling[~~], f, letschdi, extreme unction. G 
 
 lung. 
 
 eem[7], dat sing of ee” and of mer (ind pr). 
 G einem. 
 
 eemer[~~], m, bucket. G Eimer. 
 
 eemer || henk(~~~], f, bail of a bucket; -reef 
 [~~~], m, bucket-hoop; -voll[*~~], m, bucket- 
 ful; -weis[~~~], by buckets. 
 
 ee~mol|~ “], once; uff —, all at once, suddenly, 
 at one time. G einmal. 
 
 eener[~~], (ind pr) one, a person, somebody 
 (dat eem, acc eener). G einer (man). 
 
 een-er, -i[~~], -s(pr)["], one; so eener, such a 
 one. G einer. 
 
 eenich{*~], agreed, harmonious. G einig. 
 
 eenich[*~], any; — ebber, anyone; — ebbes, 
 anything; — mol, anytime. G einig. 
 
 eens[] (num), one. G eins. 
 
 eensel, eenzel[~~], single, singly. G einzeln. 
 
 eensich{~"], only, single; ken -er, not one. 
 G einzig. 
 
 eensicherweis|*~~~], singly. G einzigerweise. 
 
 eensichscht[~~], only. G einzigst. 
 
 eensler[~~], m, hermit. G einzeln. 
 
 eent["] (der, di, es), the one (of several). G 
 der eine. 
 
 eenter[~~], en, the figure 1. G ein-+ter. 
 
 eepies|~"], cooky, Christmas cooky (frequent- 
 
 ly cut in the shape of animals). F é€pice; 
 pain d’ épice = gingerbread. 
 
 eeschtlich{[~~], easterly. G dstlich. 
 
 effentlich[*~~], open(ly), public(ly). G éf- 
 fentlich. 
 
 effne[*~], pp geeffnet, to open. G 6ffnen. 
 
 effning[‘~], f, opening. G Offnung. 
 
 efters[*~], often, frequently. G 6fters. 
 
 ehe[*~], f, matrimony. G Ehe. 
 
 ehe || brecher[*~~~], m, adulterer; Prete D 
 m, -breche[*~~~], n, adultery; -fra[*~"], f, 
 
 wife; -mann[*~~], m, husband; -schtand 
 *~~), m, matrimony. 
 ehnder, eher[*~], sooner, rather. dG ehnder, 
 
 G eher. 
 ehr, ihr["], their. G ihr. 
 ehr, ihr[{7], you (pl); used also in addressing 
 one person, usually as a mark of respect 
 to an old person. G ihr. 
 ehr["], f, honor. G Ehre. 
 ehrbar[~"], honorable. G ehrbar. 
 ehre[~~], Pp geehrt, to honor. G ehren. 
 ehrenpreis[*~"], m, common _ speedwell; 
 hocher —, tall speedwell, Culver’s root. 
 G Ehrenpreis. 
 ehrewart[*~~], n, word of honor. G Ehren- 
 wort. 
 ehr || geiz[~"], m, ambition;  -geizich{~~~], 
 ambitious, eager for preeminence; -zweerd- 
 ich[~~™~], venerable, honorable. 
 ehrlich[~~], honest. G ehrlich. 
 ehrlicherweis[~~~"], honestly. G ehrlich+ 
 Weise. 
 ehrlichkeet[~~~], f, honesty. G Ehrlichkeit. 
 ehrwerdiche[~~~~], pp geehrwerdicht, to 
 reverence. G ehrwiirdigen. 
 ehrze, ihrze[*~], pp geehrzt, to address one 
 with “‘ehr’’. G ihrzen. 
 ei["], why, well! oh! Gei. 
 ei*-["], separable prefix of verbs and prefix of 
 derived words. G ein-. 
 ei~zernde[~~~], pp ei’geernt, to harvest. G 
 einernten. 
 ei*balle[*~~], pp ei°geballt, to roll into balls 
 (butter). G einballen. 
 ei~balsemiere[*~~~~], pp ei°gebalsemiert, to 
 embalm, perfume, wrap up thickly in 
 clothes. G einbalsamieren. 
 ei~beisse[*~~], pp ei°gebisse, to bite into. G 
 einbeissen. 
 ei~bendle[*~~], pp ei°gebendelt, to hem. G 
 ein+bandeln. 
 ei*bicke[~~~], pp eigebickt, to turn in the 
 edge in hemming. G einbiegen. 
 ei~biesse[~~~], pp eigebiesst, to lose, suffer 
 bodily harm (in an accident). G ein- 
 biissen. 
 ei~bilde[~~~], pp ei°gebildt, sich, to imagine, 
 fancy, be conceited. G einbilden. 
 ei~bildichkeet[*~~"], f, conceit. G einbilden 
 +ig-+keit. 
 ei~bildisch[*~~], conceited, vain, imaginative. 
 G einbildisch. 
 ei~bildung[*~~], f, fancy, imagination. G 
 Einbildung. 
 eibilliche[*~~~], pp eigebillicht, to consent. 
 G ein+-billigen. 
 ei*bindle[-~} pp ei gebindelt, to bundle up; 
 sich —, to dress warmly. G einbiindeln. 
 ei~binne|~~ “], pp eigebunne, to wrap up, 
 bind. G einbinden. 
 ei*blaudre[~~~], pp ei geblaudert, to talk 
 (something) into (one), get (one) to believe 
 (something). G einplaudern. 
 Ste m, mental grasp, hint. G Ejin- 
 blick. 
 
48 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 ei*blicke[~~~], 
 scrutinize. G einblicken. 
 
 ei*blose[* “], pp ei-geblose, to whisper into 
 one’s ear, start the fire in the stack of a 
 blast-furnace. G einblasen. 
 
 ei~ bluje[~ ~~], pp ei geblukt, to plow in (seed). 
 G einpfliigen. 
 
 ei~breche[~~~], pp eigebroche, to enter 
 forcibly, break (a colt), break in (shoes). 
 
 G einbrechen. 
 
 ei~brecher[~~~], m, burglar. G Einbrecher. 
 
 ei~brenne[~~~], pp eigebrennt, to burn; 
 eeni —, to lie (to some one); eens —, to 
 give (some one) a blow, cheat. G ein- 
 brennen. 
 
 ei~ bringe[~~~], pp ei gebrocht, to yield, bring 
 in income, introduce in a conversation. G 
 einbringen. 
 
 ei~brockle[~~~], pp ei°gebrockelt, to break 
 bread (or crackers) into soup. G ein- 
 brocken. 
 
 ei*bruch[~~], m, burglary. G Einbruch. 
 
 eich[], you, to you. G euch. 
 
 ei*derre[~~~], pp ei°gederrt, to shrink in 
 drying. G eindorren. 
 
 eidechs|[~~], ildechs|*~], m, lizard. G Eidechs. 
 
 ei~deele[~~~], pp eigedeelt, to divide into 
 parts. G einteilen. 
 
 eider[~~], n, udder. G Euter. 
 
 eidere[~~™], pp geeidert, to swell the udder 
 before calving. G eutern. 
 
 eidere, eedere(~~~], pp geeidert, 
 lymph from a wound. G eitern. 
 ei~draje[~"~], pp eigedraje, to carry in, 
 yield. G eintragen. 
 
 ei~drehe[~~~], pp ei°gedreht, to turn in, turn 
 in (a seam). G eindrehen. 
 
 ei*dreiwe[~~~], pp eigedriwwe, to bring 
 home (the cows), collect money. G ein- 
 treiben. 
 
 ei~drenge[~~~], pp eigedrengt, sich, to in- 
 trude. G eindrangen. 
 
 ei~dricke[~~~], pp ei°gedrickt, to indent, press 
 together hard. G eindriicken. 
 
 ei~druck[~~], m, impression, emphasis, sensa- 
 tion. G Eind ruck. 
 
 ei~eeje[~ ~~], pp ei geeekt, to harrow in (seed). 
 G eineggen. 
 
 eier[~~], your. G euer. 
 
 ei~fach[~™], simple, plain, not double. G 
 einfach. 
 
 ei~faedle|~~~], ei~feddle[~~~], pp ei°gfaedelt, 
 thread a needle. G einfadeln. 
 
 pp eigeblickt, to examine, 
 
 to ooze 
 
 ei~fahre[~~~], pp eigfahre, to haul into the 
 barn (grain, BEES. G einfahren. 
 ei*fahrt|~"], f, gateway, entrance, approach 
 
 to the threshing floor of a bank barn. G 
 Einfahrt. 
 
 ei~fall[~~], m, sudden thought, raid; ei‘felle, 
 queer ideas, whims. G Einfall. 
 
 ei*falle[~~~], pp eigfalle, to occur to, re- 
 member, cave in. G einfallen. 
 
 ei*falte[~~~], pp ei gfalt, to lay in small folds. 
 G einfalten. 
 
 ei~fange[~~~], pp eigfange, to pen up, im- 
 prison. G einfangen. 
 
 ei~feichde[*~~], pp eigfeicht, to moisten. G 
 einfeuchten. 
 
 eifer[~~], m, zeal, earnestness. G Elifer. 
 
 eiferer[~~~], m, zealot. G Ejiferer. 
 
 eifer H sichtich[~~~™], jealous; -sucht[~~~], f, 
 jealousy. 
 
 ei~fiehre[~~~], pp eigfiehrt, to usher in, in- 
 duct, introduce. G einfiihren. 
 
 ei~fiehrer[~~~], m, usher. G Einfiihrer. 
 
 ei*fille[~~~], pp eigfillt, to fill up, bottle. 
 G einfiillen. 
 
 ei~finne[~~™~], pp ei gfunne, sich, to be present. 
 G einfinden. 
 
 ei~fluss[~~], m, influence. G Einfluss. 
 
 eifrich[*~], zealous, earnest, eager, excited, 
 busy. G eifrig. 
 
 ei*friere, ei~gfriere[~~~], pp eigfrore, to 
 freeze up (for the winter). G einfrieren. 
 
 ei~gang[~~], m, entrance. G Eingang. 
 
 ei~gawwle[~~~], pp ei gegawwelt, to pitch 
 hay or straw in, eat voraciously. G ein- 
 gabeln. 
 
 ei~gebore[~~~~], native, inborn. 
 boren. 
 
 ei*geh*[~"], pp ei°gange, to enter, shrink, 
 consent; defor —, to be in favor of it. 
 G eingehen. 
 
 ei~gelschdere[~~~~], 
 scare (some one). 
 
 G einge- 
 
 pp eigegelschdert, to 
 G ein+dG gelstern. 
 
 ei*gemachdes[* ~~ “], nm, preserves. G Einge- 
 machtes. 
 
 ei’ “ geweid(e)[<~ ~~], n, viscera. G Einge- 
 weide. 
 
 ei~gewwe[~~~], pp ei gewwe, to yield to, give, 
 hand in a bid, administer (medicine). G 
 eingeben. 
 
 ei*gezojje[~~~~], diffident, timid, backward. 
 G eingezogen. 
 
 ei~gleppre[“~~], pp ei gegleppert, 
 (like eggs). G ein+klappern. 
 
 ei*gloppe[~~~], pp ei gegloppt, to hammer in. 
 G einklopfen. 
 
 ei*grawe[~ ~~], pp ei gegrawe, to bury (apples, 
 cabbage, etc.). G eingraben. 
 
 ei*greife[~~~], pp eigegriffe, to make inroads, 
 take part. G eingreifen. 
 
 ei* grieje[~ ~~], pp ei grickt, to receive, take in. 
 G einkriegen. 
 
 ei~hacke[~~~], pp eikackt, to chop into, 
 slander, cover with a hoe in planting; 
 nidder (hoch) —, to begin the stroke in 
 mowing by cutting low (high). G ein- 
 hacken. 
 
 ei*haekle[*~~], pp ei”kaekelt, to hook in. G 
 einhakeln. 
 
 ei*herte[*~~], pp eikert, to harden, inure. 
 G ein+hiarten. 
 
 ei*hafte[~~~], pp ei’ kaft, to fasten up a dress 
 (with hooks and eyes). G einhaften. 
 
 ei~halde[~~~], pp ei kalde, to slacken, stop; 
 eens —, to give (some one) a whack. G 
 einhalten. 
 
 ei*handle[*~~], pp ei°kandelt, to purchase, 
 procure by trading. G einhandeln. 
 
 ei*hauche[*~~], pp ei'kaucht, to 
 breathe in, inspire. G einhauchen. 
 
 to beat 
 
 inhale, 
 
 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 49 
 
 ei*henke[*~~], pp ei”kenkt, to hook in. G 
 einhangen. 
 
 ei*hille[~~~], pp eikillt, to wrap up. G ein- 
 
 » hiillen. 
 
 ei*hocke[~~~], p pp el’kockt, to keep in its lair 
 (of an animal), to stick to the house. G 
 ein+hocken. 
 
 ei*hole[*~™], pp ei”kolt, to overtake. G ein- 
 holen. 
 
 ei*howwle[~~~], pp ei kowwelt, to cut cabbage 
 (for sauerkraut). G einhobeln. 
 
 ei*jaje[~~~], pp eigejakt, to drive or chase 
 
 in, hole. G einjagen. 
 eijediemlich[~~ “], peculiar. Geigentiimlich. 
 eijedum[*~~], n, property. G Eigentum. 
 
 eijei[”"], exclamation of surprise or depreca- 
 tion, or (with a different intonation) of 
 endearment in caressingly pressing one’s 
 cheek against that of a child. Also used 
 as a noun in the latter sense: gebb mern 
 eyjei{"“].. In the former sense sometimes: 
 eijeijei. G ei, ei. 
 
 ei~kafe[~~~], pp eikaft, to purchase, lay in 
 stock. G einkaufen. 
 
 ei*kehre[~~~], pp eigekehrt, to put up at 
 (aninn), begin housekeeping. Geinkehren. 
 
 ei*koche[~~~], pp ei°gekocht, to boil down. 
 G einkochen. 
 
 ei*kumme[*~™], pp ei’ kumme, to recall, occur 
 to, freshen (of a cow). G einkommen. 
 
 ei*kumme(s)[*~~], n, income. G Einkom- 
 men. 
 
 eil[], f, owl. G Eule. 
 
 eil["], f, haste. G Eile. 
 
 ei“lade[~~~], pp ei°gelade, to invite. G ein- 
 laden. 
 
 ei*lading[~~~], f, invitation. G Einladung. 
 
 eiland[*~], n, island. G Eiland. 
 
 eile[~~], pp geeilt, to hasten, hurry. G eilen. 
 
 ei*leichde[~ ~~], pp ei “geleicht, to get an idea; 
 
 eens —, to give a blow or hit. G ein- 
 leuchten. 
 ei*leiding[~~~], f, introduction. G Einlei- 
 
 tung. 
 
 ei*leje[~~~], pp eigelekt, to store up, drop 
 seeds in planting, salt down. G einlegen. 
 
 eileschpijjel, eideschpijjel, eirischschpijjel 
 [~~~], m, Owl-glass, a mythical person full 
 of wisdom and pranks frequently lamenting 
 the opposite of what is expected to happen. 
 G Eulenspiegel. 
 
 eilich[~~], hasty. G eilig. 
 
 ei*mache[~~~], pp ei gemacht, to preserve 
 (fruits). G einmachen. 
 
 ei*maure[~"~], pp ei°gemauert, to immure. 
 G einmauern. 
 
 ei*mische[~~~], pp eigemischt, sich, to in- 
 trude. G einmischen. 
 
 ei~mummle[~~~], pp ei gemummelt, to wrap 
 up well. G einmummeln. 
 
 ei*naehe[~~~], pp ei genaeht, to sew up in. 
 G einnaehen. 
 
 ei*nemme[~~~], pp ei genumme, to take in 
 (also of money), absorb, take (medicine), 
 cheat, make (a garment) narrower or 
 smaller. G einnehmen. 
 
 6 
 
 einerlei[~~*], all the same. G einerlei. 
 ei*nischde, ei*nischdle[*~~], pp ei-genischt, 
 
 sich, to cuddle. G einnisten. 
 
 ei*rechle[~~*], pp eigerechelt, to count in, 
 include. G einrechnen. 
 
 ei*reisse[~~~], pp eigerisse, to make inroads 
 on, become a bad custom. G einreissen. 
 
 ei*reiwe[~~~], pp ei geriwwe, to rub in. G 
 einreiben. 
 
 ei*rejjne[~~~], pp eigerejjent, to be held 
 indoors by rain. G einregnen. 
 
 ei*richde[*~~], pp ei’gericht, to prepare, fur- 
 nish, fix; sich —, to adapt oneself to cir- 
 cumstances. G einrichten. 
 
 ei*richding[~~~], f, preparation, arrangement. 
 G Einrichtung. 
 
 ei*ricke[~~~], pp ei’gerickt, to move in, enter. 
 G einricken. 
 
 ei*riehre[~~~], pp ei’geriehrt, to stir in, mix. 
 G einriihren. 
 
 ei*riwwle[*~~], pp ei geriwwelt, to crumble 
 something into soup, insinuate, hint. G 
 ein-+dG riwwel. 
 
 ei*rutsche[~~~], pp eigerutscht, to fall in, 
 slip in. G einrutschen. 
 
 eis[” nice G Eis. 
 
 el ~saee[~~ “], pp eigsaet, to sow (a field). 
 G einsden. 
 
 ei*saeje[~~ 
 einsagen, 
 
 ei~salse[*~~], pp ei’gsalse, to salt down. G 
 einsalzen. 
 
 ei*sam, einsam[~~], solitary. G einsam. 
 
 ei~samkeet[*~ 7], f, solitude. G Einsamkeit. 
 
 ei*sammle[*~~], pp ei gsammelt, to gather in, 
 collect, pick. G einsammeln. 
 
 eisberrick[~~~], m, iceberg. G Eisberg. 
 
 ei*scherfe[~~~], pp ei gscherft, to give strict 
 injunctions. G einscharfen. 
 
 ei*scherre[~~~], pp ei-gscherrt, to scratch in, 
 bury. G einscharren. 
 
 eischder[~~], f, oyster. G Auster. 
 
 ei~schenke[~~~], pp ei’gschenkt, to pour in, 
 pour out. G einschenken. 
 
 ei~scheppe[~~~], pp ei*gscheppt, to shovel in. 
 G einschépfen. 
 
 ei*schicke[~~™], 
 G einschicken. 
 
 ei~schiewe[~~~], pp ei gschowe, to force in, 
 push in. G einschieben. 
 
 ei*schiffe[~~~], pp ei°gschifft, to embark. G 
 einschiffen. 
 
 ei*schitte[~~~], pp ei gschitt, to pour medicine 
 down (an animal’s throat). G einschiitten. 
 
 ei*schlack|[~~], m, woof. G Einschlag. 
 
 ei*schlajje[~~~], pp eigschlajje, to strike (of 
 lightning). G einschlagen. 
 
 ei*schleefe[~~~], pp eigschleeft, to drag in. 
 G einschleifen. 
 
 ei~schleiche[~ ~~], 
 G einschleichen. 
 
 ei*schliesse|~~~], pp ei gschlosse, to lock up, 
 enclose, imprison, include. G einschlies- 
 sen. 
 
 ei*schlippe[~~~], pp eigschlippt, to slip in. 
 G einschliipfen. 
 
 “], pp ei’gsaekt, to saw into. G 
 
 pp eigschickt, to send in. 
 
 pp eigschliche, to creep in. 
 
5° 
 
 ei*schlitze[~~~], pp ei°gschlitzt, to tear, slit. 
 G einschlitzen. 
 
 ei~schlofe[~~~], pp eigschlofe, to fall asleep, 
 go to sleep: mei” fuss is eigschlofe. G 
 einschlafen. 
 
 ei~schlummere[*~~~], pp ei'gschlummert, to 
 fall into a slumber. G einschlummern. 
 
 ei*schluppe[~~~], pp ei°gschluppt, to slip or 
 crawl in. G einschliipfen. 
 
 ei*schmeechle[* ~~], pp ei’gschmeechelt, sich, 
 to ingratiate oneself. G einschmeicheln. 
 
 ei“schmiere[*~~], pp ei°gschmiert, to lubri- 
 cate, rub in grease, sow in wet weather, 
 get dirty; sich —, to ingratiate oneself. 
 G einschmieren. 
 
 ei*schmuggle[~~~], pp ei gschmuggelt, 
 smuggle in. G einschmuggeln. 
 
 ei*schnzrre|[*~~], pp eigschnerrt, to shrink. 
 G einschnurren. 
 
 ei~schnalle[*~~], pp eigschnallt, to buckle, 
 tighten. G einschnallen. 
 
 ei*schneee[~~~], pp ei gschneet, to become 
 snowbound. Gé einschneien. 
 
 ei~schneide[*~~], pp ei gschnidde, to nick, 
 cut (onions or cucumbers) in salt and 
 vinegar. G einschneiden. 
 
 ei*schnitt[~~], m, groove, incision. G Ein- 
 schnitt. 
 
 ei~schperre[~~~], pp ei gschperrt, to pen up, 
 lock up, confine. G einsperren. 
 
 ei*schpanne[~~~], pp ei'gschpannt, to hitch 
 up (a horse). G einspannen. 
 
 ei*schprenge[~~~], pp ei gschprengt, to chase 
 in. G einsprengen. 
 
 ei*schpritze[~~~], pp ei’gschpritzt, to sprinkle 
 (wash) before ironing. G einspritzen. 
 
 ei*schrecke[~~~], pp eigschreckt, to scare, 
 intimidate. G einschrecken. 
 
 ei*schreiwe[~~~], pp ei gschriwwe, to enroll, 
 inscribe, enter in a book. G einschreiben. 
 
 ei*schrenke[~~™~], pp ei’gschrenkt, to shrink, 
 restrain. G einschranken. 
 
 eischt["], possibly, at the least sign of. P 
 eischt. 
 
 ei*schterze[~~~], pp ei gschterzt, to fall in, 
 collapse. G einstiirzen. 
 
 ei~schtawe[~~~], pp ei gschtabt, to be covered 
 with dust, sow in dust. G einstauben. 
 
 ei*schtecke[*~™~], pp eigschteckt, to put into 
 one’s pocket, lock up. G einstecken. 
 
 ei*schteh*[*"], pp eigschtanne, to enter 
 service, answer, be responsible for. G 
 G einstehen. 
 
 ei*schteije[~~~], pp ei gschtijje, to get into, 
 step into. G einsteigen. 
 
 ei*schtelle[~~~], pp ei°gschtellt, to put up 
 (cattle) for fattening, forbid, put an end to: 
 zr hott’s ihm eigschtellt. G einstellen. 
 
 ei*schtewwre[*~~], pp  ei°gschtewwert, 
 chase in, enter abruptly. G einstdbern. 
 
 ei*schtimme|*~~], pp ei°gschtimmt, to agree, 
 accord, chime in. G einstimmen. 
 
 ei~schtoppe[~~~], pp ei°gschtoppt, to stuff in, 
 gorge. G einstopfen. 
 
 to 
 
 to 
 
 _— 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 ei*schtricke[*~~], pp ei gschtrickt, to narrow 
 in the toe of a stocking in knitting. G 
 einstricken. 
 
 ei~schweere[~ ~~], pp ei gschwore, to swear in, 
 inaugurate. G einschworen. 
 
 ei*schwetze[~~~], pp ei°gschwetzt, to make 
 (one) believe, persuade. G einschwatzen. 
 
 ei*schwitze[*~~], pp ei°gschwitzt, sich, to 
 perspire excessively. G einschwitzen. 
 eise[~~], n, iron. G Eisen. 
 
 eise[~~], (of) iron: en eisner drok. G eisern. 
 
 eise || zerz[~~"], n, iron ore; -fresser[*~~~], 
 m, bully; -gras[~~"], n, wire grass, Canada 
 bluegrass; -graut[~~"], n, vervain, blue 
 vervain; heath aster; -haffe[*~~~], m, iron 
 cook-pot; -hols[*~~], n, hop horn-beam; blue 
 bush; -keidel[*~ ~~], m, iron wedge; -kessel 
 [~~~~], m, large iron kettle; -weerrick[*~~~], 
 n, iron-works. 
 
 Eisebart[~~~], m, Dokter, name of a mythical 
 doctor celebrated in song, ironical for any 
 doctor. G Eisenbart. 
 
 ei~seefe[~ ~~], pp ei gseeft, to lather. 
 seifen. 
 
 ei~sehne[~~~], pp eigsehne, to comprehend, 
 understand, see the point. G einsehen. 
 
 ei~sehnes[~~~], n, insight, consideration. G 
 Einsehen. 
 
 ei~sejne[~~~], pp ei~gsejent, to confirm (a 
 person in church), consecrate. G _ ein- 
 segnen. 
 
 ei~setze[~~~], pp eigsetzt, to put in, install. 
 G einsetzen. 
 
 ei~setzung|[~~~], f, ordination. G Einsetzung. 
 
 eis || glumpe[~~~], m, lump of ice; -graut[*+‘], 
 n, clear-weed; -haus[~“], n, icehouse; -hoke 
 [~~~], m, ice-hook; -kalt[*~], ice-cold; -pick 
 [~~], f, ice-pick; -saek[-"], f, ice-saw; 
 -schiwwel(~~~], m, lump of ice; -wasser 
 [~~~], n, icewater; -zang[~~], f, ice-tongs; 
 -zappe[~~~], m, icicle. 
 
 eisich[~~], icy. G eisig. 
 
 ei~sicht[~~], f, insight. G Einsicht. 
 
 ei~sinke[~~~], pp ei°gsunke, to sink in, cave 
 in. G einsinken. 
 
 eisop[~~], m, hyssop. G Ysop. 
 
 eisserscht[~~], utmost, outer. 
 
 eisserlich[~~™~], external(ly). 
 
 G ein- 
 
 G Ausserst. 
 G Ausserlich. 
 
 ei~suckle[~~™~], pp ei°gsuckelt, to suck in. G 
 ein+dG suggeln. 
 
 ei~wandrer|*~~], m, immigrant. G Ein- 
 wandrer. 
 
 ei~weeche[*~~], pp ei'geweecht, to soak, lam. 
 G einweichen. 
 
 ei~weihe[*~~], pp ei: geweiht, to dedicate. G 
 einweihen. 
 ei~weihing[~~~], f, dedication. G Einwei- 
 
 hung. 
 
 ei~wenning, ei~wendung[*~~], f, objection, 
 excuse, pretext. G Einwendung. 
 
 ei~wetze[~ ~~], pp ei gewetzt, sich, to bedraggle 
 one’s trousers or dress with mud. G ein- 
 wetzen. 
 
 ei” wickle[*~~], pp eigewickelt, to wrap up. 
 G einwickeln. 
 
 
 
Pennsyloania-German Dictionary SI 
 
 ei~williche[~~~~], pp ei gewillicht, to consent. 
 G einwilligen. 
 
 ei~windle[~~~], pp ei gewindelt, to swathe. 
 G einwindeln. 
 
 ei” wintre[~~~], pp ei gewintert, to have winter 
 set in. G einwintern. 
 
 ei~witsche[~~~], pp ei°gewitscht, to slip in. 
 G einwitschen. 
 
 ei~wohner, ei~wuhner[*~~], m, inhabitant. 
 G Einwohner. 
 
 ei~zieje[~ ~~], pp ei gezojje, to draw in, move 
 into. G einziehen. 
 
 ei~zwinge[~~~], pp ei gezwunge, to force (one) 
 to swallow. G einzwingen. 
 
 ekel, egel[~~], m, disgust, distaste. G Ekel. 
 
 ° aera ~~], disgusting, distasteful. G ekel- 
 
 ait. 
 
 ekelheftichkeet, ekelhaftichkeet["~*~"], f 
 
 - loathsomeness. G Ekelhaftigkeit. 
 
 ekle[~~], pp geekelt, to have a disgust for, 
 be nauseated by. G ekeln. 
 
 eklich[*~], disagreeable, squeamish. G eklig. 
 
 elbedritsche, elfedritsche[*~~~], elbedritsch- 
 elche[*~~~~], n, mythical bird or beast; 
 also whimsically used to designate an 
 insect of unknown species; — fange was a 
 term used for playing a practical joke on an 
 innocent or simple person who was per- 
 suaded to hold a bag at some lonesome spot 
 to catch this supposed animal, and who 
 was then deserted by the rest of the party 
 while they pretended to be beating up the 
 animal in the bushes and driving it towards 
 the bag; in a less literal sense, to be wool- 
 gathering. dG elpedritsch, dlpedriitsch = 
 simple person. The elbe-, elfe-, may be G 
 Elfen. Cf drutsch. 
 
 eldeschder[*~~], eldeschtee~[*~~], m, elder in 
 achurch. G Altester. 
 
 elefandeschtock[“~*~~], m, elephant’s ear. 
 Adapted from E. 
 
 elefant[*~~], m, elephant. 
 
 element[*~~], n, element. G Element. 
 
 elend|~~], n, misery, trouble. G Elend. 
 
 elendich[~~~], miserable, poorly. G elendig. 
 
 elends || gegl4k[~~~"], n, constant recounting 
 of one’s misery; -gweckel[~~~~], n, miser- 
 able (little) thing (EH). G Elend+dG 
 quack, queck+el. Cf neschtgweckerli. 
 
 elf[“], eleven; -e, eleven: the cardinals from 4 
 to 9, also 11 and 12, add -e when used sub- 
 stantively: es sin elfe vun uns, es is schunn 
 zwelfe. Geelf. 
 
 elfmol[*~], eleven times. G elfmal. 
 
 G Elia(s). 
 
 elft[-], eleventh. G elft. 
 
 Eli[*~], m, Elias. 
 
 Eliasdak[~~~"], m, July 20. G Elias+Tag. 
 
 ellboje[* ~~], m, elbow. G Ellbogen. 
 
 elt[“], f, age; uff —, of age. G Alter. 
 
 elter[*~], older. G Alter. 
 
 eltlich[*~], elderly. G 4ltlich. 
 
 eltre[*~], pl, parents. G Eltern. 
 
 eltscht["], oldest. G 4ltest. 
 
 em, ’m[~], to the, to one, to a person. 
 einem. 
 
 G Elefant. 
 
 G dem, 
 
 emme[*~], me[“], toa. G einem. 
 
 emol[**], emoli[~*~], once, formerly, sooner or 
 later, just, even, and that ends it. 
 einmal. 
 
 emsich|*~], industrious, diligent. G emsig. 
 
 en, ’n[~ h (ind art) a, an; (pr) him. G ein- 
 (en), ihn. 
 
 -en{"], ending of proper names to indicate 
 Mrs.; but names ending in -ert, -i, -l, 
 -man, add -sen; names ending in -er add 
 -n: di Flecken, di Lambertsen, di Diemern 
 panties Fleck, Mrs. Lambert, Mrs. Diemer. 
 
 -in. 
 
 end[‘], n, end, limit. G Ende. 
 
 ende[*~], pp geendt, to end, result. G enden. 
 
 endecke[~*~], pp endeckt, to discover, dis- 
 
 close. G entdecken. 
 
 ender[*~], ehnder[~~], rather, either. dG 
 ehnder. 
 
 endivvi, andivvi, andivdi[-’~] (v=f), m, en- 
 dive. G Endivie. 
 
 endivviselat[-’~~"], m, endive (salad). G 
 Endiviensalat. 
 
 endkeitel, engkeitel[*~~], m, caecum, intes- 
 tine, the same (of a beef) cleaned and 
 stuffed with sausage meat. dG engkeitl, 
 ingkeitl. 
 
 endlich[*~], finally. G endlich. 
 
 endlos[*~], unending. G endlos. 
 
 endrich[’~], m, drake. G Entrich. 
 
 endweks|*], endways. G end+wegs. 
 
 eng[~], narrow, tight; — uff der bruscht sei’, 
 to have difficulty in breathing. G eng. 
 
 eng || brischdich[*~~], asthmatic; -herzich 
 [°~~], narrow-minded. 
 
 engeje["""], towards. G entgegen. 
 
 engeje || geh~[“~~"], to go to meet; -kumme 
 
 Vceh aah ], to come to meet; ‘lafel-* ~~~], to 
 walk to meet. 
 engel[*~], m, angel. G Engel. 
 engelblumm|[*~~], f, casciniinmut mae | 
 Indian pipe, corpse plant. G Rbelehines 
 engelwarzel[*~~~], f, angelica. G Engel- 
 wurzel. 
 enger[*~], narrower. G enger. 
 
 England[*~], n, England. G England. 
 
 Englenner[*~~], m, Englishman. G Eng- 
 lander. 
 
 englisch[*~], English; —— sals, epsom salts; 
 — grankheet, scrofula, king’s evil. G 
 englisch. f 
 
 engschde[*™], pl, fear, terror. G Angste. 
 
 engschderlich, engschderich[*~™], engschtlich 
 [*~], fearful, anxious. G Angstlich. 
 
 enkel[*~], m, grandson. G Enkel. 
 
 enkel|*~], m, ankle. G Enkel. 
 
 enkelin[*~~], f, granddaughter (not common). 
 G Enkelin. 
 
 enne[* “| =ihne. 
 
 ennere[’~~], pp geennert, to alter, change. 
 G andern. 
 
 ennering, ennerung[*~™], f, change. 
 
 ung. 
 ent["], f, duck. G Ente. 
 
 G Ander- 
 
ry The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 ent-[“], inseparable prefix of verbs and derived 
 words. Gent-. 
 
 entche[*~], n, duckling. G Entchen. 
 
 enteoi[‘~~], n, duck’s egg. G Enteei. 
 
 entfernt[~*], distant. G entfernt. 
 
 entschteh~[“*], pp entschtanne, to originate. 
 G entstehen. 
 
 en(t)schuldiche[- *~~], 
 excuse; sich —, to apologize. 
 digen. 
 
 en (thschuldichung|” aS 8 
 G Entschuldigung. 
 
 pp entschuldicht, to 
 G entschul- 
 
 f, apology, excuse. 
 
 entsetzlich[“’~], terrible, awful. G entsetz- 
 lich. 
 entwedder[*~~], either. G entweder. 
 
 entzickt[-*], in a trance, enraptured. G ent- 
 
 ziickt. 
 Ephrida[*~"], n, Ephrata. G Ephrata. 
 eppel || bam([*~ al m, apple tree; -dak[*~"], m, 
 
 March 25; -kern|*~ “], f, apple-seed; -kuche 
 [‘~~*], m, apple-tart; -lab[*~"], n, apple 
 leaves; -wei~[{*~"], m, cider. 
 
 erschdens[~~], firstly. G erstens. 
 
 erschder[~~], sooner, rather. dG erschter. 
 
 erscht["], first, only, just now, till; ich war’s 
 —, 1 was first. G erst. 
 
 erschtling[~~], m, heifer that calves for the 
 first time. dG erstling. 
 
 es["], the (neut art); it (pr), usually used in 
 referring to maedel when the girl is small, 
 we the girl is older sie is used. G das, es. 
 
 f ’s. 
 
 esch[“], f, ashes. G Asche. 
 
 eschdimiere[’ ~~~], pp geeschdimiert, to es- 
 teem, regard. Astimieren. 
 
 esche(bam)[*~"], m, ash-tree. G Eschen- 
 baum. 
 
 Eschemittwoch[*~~~], m, Ash Wednesday. 
 Cf Aschermittwoch. 
 
 eschepuddel[*~~~], f, drudge, person in a 
 family who rises last on Shrove Tuesday. 
 G Aschenputtel. 
 
 eschich[*~], covered with ashes, ashen. G 
 aschig. 
 
 eschmann|*~], m, ashman. G Aschenmann. 
 
 esel[*~], m, ass, mule. G Esel. 
 
 esel || dreiwer[~~ ~~], m, mule-driver; -hutsch 
 [~~~], n, mule-colt; -kopp[~~~], m, block- 
 
 head; -schtreech[*~ 7], pl, rough pranks, 
 horseplay. 
 ess[“], f, raised platform in a blacksmith’s 
 
 shop where the fire and tools are found, 
 forge. G Esse. 
 
 esse[“~], pp gesse, to eat; sich gut —, to 
 be good eating. G essen. 
 
 esse[*~], n, eating, food, meal. G Essen. 
 
 essebeli[*~~], f, large bell erected on a pole 
 and rung to call the men from the field to 
 dinner. G Essen+obsolete Bell. 
 
 esser|*~], m, eater. G Esser. 
 
 esserei[~ ~~ i, f, (much or continued) eating. 
 G Esserei. 
 
 essich[*~], m, vinegar. G Essig. 
 
 essich || fass[* ~~], n, vinegar barrel; -gruck 
 [*~~], m, vinegar jug; -hols[*~~], n, scarlet 
 sumac; -mutter[*~~~], f, mother of vinegar. 
 
 ess || kessel[*~~], m, dinner pail; -leffel[*~~], 
 m, tablespoon; -sache[’ ~~], pl, victuals; 
 -schank[*~], m, pantry, larder; -schtick[* oe 
 n, lunch; :schtubb[* "J, f, diningroom; zeit 
 agli meal-time. 
 
 etliche[*~~], several. G etlich. 
 
 etzettera]’~"], et cetera, and so forth. G 
 etcetera <L et cetera. 
 
 Eva[*], f, Eve. G Eva. 
 
 Evvengelisch[”~*~], Evangelical. 
 lisch. 
 
 evvengelium[~~*~~], n, gospel. 
 lium. 
 
 ewe[~~], even, level. G eben. 
 
 eweck[~*], away, absent. dG eweg. 
 
 eweil[~*], (adv) a while, meanwhile. 
 Weile. 
 
 G evange- 
 
 G Evange- 
 
 G eine 
 
 ewene[~~~], pp geewent, to level. G ebnen. 
 
 ewening[~~~], f, level space. dG ewening. 
 
 ewich[~~], eternal, for ever; gar — viel, very 
 much, a whole lot. G ewig. 
 
 ewich || jaejer["~*~], m, spirit hunter; -rotzer 
 ~~**], m, glanders; -unruh["~’*], f, per- 
 petual motion. 
 
 ewichkeit[~~*], f, eternity; (as adj) en -si 
 schand, an everlasting shame. G Ewigkeit. 
 
 ewichlich[~~~], for ever. G ewiglich. 
 
 ewwe[’~], simply, just, you know. G eben. 
 
 ewwer|*~], m, boar, hoggish man. G Eber. 
 
 ewwer[*~], upper. G ober (6ber). 
 
 steht n, upper part. PG ewwer+ 
 eil. 
 
 ewwergraut[*~], n, lady’s slipper, moccasin- 
 flower. G Eberkraut. 
 
 ewwerschich, ewwersich, iwwersich[*~~], up- 
 wards. G iiber sich. 
 
 ewwerscht[’~], upper, uppermost, top; — 
 schpeicher, garret. G dberst. 
 
 ewweviell *~~], ewwevielich[*~ ~~], immaterial, 
 
 indifferent. dG-ebeviel. 
 exel[*~], n, small ax, hatchet. Dim of G Axt. 
 exempel[-*~], n, m, example. G Exempel. 
 exeziere[“~*~], pp geexeziert, to drill. G 
 exerzieren. 
 extra[’"], extra, exceptionally. G extra. 
 F 
 
 fabel[*~], f, fable. G Fabel. 
 fache[*~], pp gfacht, to fan. G fachen. 
 fackel[*~], f, torch, bundle of straw for thatch- 
 
 ing. G Fackel. 
 fade(m)[*~], m, thread, string, fibre. G 
 Faden. 
 faedmich[*~], stringy, fibrous. G fadenig. 
 faehich[*~], capable, fit. G fahig. 
 
 faehichkeet[~~"], f, qualification, 
 ability. G Fahigkeit. 
 
 feerdich[*~], done, finished, ready. G fertig. 
 
 Ferdinand[*~~], m, Ferdinand. G Ferdinand. 
 
 fern[~], distant, remote. G fern. 
 
 ferrich[*~]; was -er, was -i, was —, what kind 
 of, what sort of. G was fiir+ig. 
 
 ferrichbutzich[*~~~], cowardly, timid, tim- 
 orous. G Furcht+butzig. 
 
 faculty, 
 
 = =— = 
 
 —— = 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 53 
 
 ferrichde[*~~], pp gferricht, to fear; sich —, 
 to be afraid. G fiirchten. 
 
 ferrichderlich[*~~~], frightful, fearful, dread- 
 ful. G fiirchterlich. 
 
 feerriwell[-~*], farewell, goodbye. G fahre 
 wohl (strongly influenced by E farewell). 
 
 feerschde[~~], m, heel. G Ferse. 
 
 ferscht["], m, ridgepole, space in a building 
 immediately under the ridgepole, top of a 
 tree (in climbing). G First. 
 
 ferwe[*~], pp gferbt, to dye, color. G farben. 
 feerwer(* ~], m, dyer. G Farber. 
 fahne[~~], f, flag, tassel (of corn). G Fahne. 
 
 fahneschtock|~~*1, m, flagstaff. G Fahne+ 
 Stock. 
 
 fahre[~~], pp gfahre, to drive, ride, haul; 
 in di heeh —, to start up, fly up, resent; 
 iwwers maul —, to snap a person off. G 
 fahren. 
 
 fahr || brick[~~], f, bridge for vehicular traffic; 
 -geeschel[~~~], f, cart-whip, teamster’s 
 heavy whip; -geld[*~], n, fare; -laessich 
 [~~~], careless, negligent, inattentive; 
 slaessichkeet|~~~~], f, negligence, careless- 
 ness; -wek[~"], m, road, carriage-road; 
 2zettel[~~~], m, railroad ticket. 
 
 fahrt["], f, drive, bars. G Fahrt. 
 
 fahrt["], f, ford. G Furt. 
 
 falbel[*~], flounce, furbelow. G Falbel. 
 
 fall[-], m, fall, case. G Fall. 
 
 fall[(“], f, trap. G Falle. 
 
 fall || brick[*~], f, drawbridge; -dier[’ “], f, trap- 
 door; -schtrick|* “], m, snare. 
 
 falle[* 1, pp gfalle, to ‘fall, be contributed; 
 was fallt, the church collection. G fallen. 
 
 fallendgrankheet[~~*~], falletgranket[’~~~], f, 
 epilepsy. G fallende Krankheit. 
 
 falsch[~], false, cross, angry, resentful, counter- 
 feit, balky (of a horse); — schweere, to 
 perjure oneself; des macht mich —, that 
 provokes me; — werre, to acquire a grudge; 
 — bliehe, to bloom without bearing. G 
 
 falsch. 
 
 falsch || gsicht[-*], n, mask; 
 hypocritical. 
 
 falschheet[* "|, f, crossness, resentment, latent 
 grudge. G Falschheit. 
 
 false[*~], pl, tucks, wrinkles, folds. G Falz. 
 
 falt[-], f, fold, wrinkle. G Falte. 
 
 falter|*~], {, bars (at entrance to a field or lane). 
 dG falter =G Falltor. 
 
 -gsichtich[*~~], 
 
 familje[-*~], familje[’~], f, family. G 
 Familie. 
 familjeumschtende[“*~~~™~], pl, family way: 
 
 sie isin —. G Familie+Umstande. 
 
 fang[“], m, catch. G Fang. 
 
 fange[*~],"pp gfange, to catch, seize; — losse, 
 to have (some one) arrested; sich selwer —, 
 to contradict oneself. G fangen. 
 
 fangzah~[*"], m, tusk, fang. G Fangzahn. 
 
 far, fer[“], for, in exchange for, for the benefit 
 of; was —, what sort of, what kind of. 
 G fir, dG for. 
 
 faran[~~], fare[~~], m, fern, brake, sweet fern. 
 G Farn. 
 
 farb[“], farreb[*~], f, color, paint; 
 der —, speak out. G Farbe. 
 
 farb || kessel[*~~], m, paint bucket; -miehl[* "J, 
 f, paint mill; -pensil[*~ “], m, paint brush. 
 
 farm|” ]=far em. 
 
 farme[*~],=far me. 
 
 farme[*~], pp gfamt, to confirm. G firmen. 
 
 farn[~] =far en. 
 
 farness[*~], f, furnace. dG furniiss. 
 
 farricht[*~], f, fear, fright. G Furcht. 
 
 farricht[*~], f, furrow. G Furche. 
 
 fars[~]=far es. 
 
 fart, fatt[“], away, gone. G fort. 
 
 fart-, fatt-[-], separable verb prefix, and prefix 
 of derived words. G fort-. 
 
 fart || blaudre[* ~~], to continue to talk; -bleiwe 
 [*"~], to remain away; -bliehe[* ~~], to con- 
 tinue to bloom; -blose[*~~], to blow away; 
 -brauche[* ~~], to continue to use; -brenne 
 [*~~], to continue to burn; -derfe[*~~], to 
 be.allowed to go; -dauer[* ~~], f, permanence, 
 continuation; -daure[* ~~], to continue, last; 
 -draje[*~~], to carry away; -dreiwe[* ~~], to 
 chase off, drive away; -fahre[*~~], to drive 
 away, haul away, drive on; -fiehre[* ~~], to 
 lead away; -flieje[* ~~], to flyaway; -geh~[* 7], 
 to go away, depart; -halte[*~~], to continue 
 as an institution; -helfe[*~~], to help away, 
 help along; -jaje[* ~~], to chase away, gallop 
 away; -kenne[*~~], to be able to get away, 
 be able to get about; -kumme[*~™], to get 
 along, succeed; -lafe[*~~], to walk away, 
 leave a position; -lese[*~~], to continue to 
 read; -lewe[* ~~], to continue to live; -loddle 
 [*~~], to jog along; -mache[*~~], to continue; 
 mach dich fart, be gone; -maschiere[*~ ~~], 
 to be off; -misse[*~~], to be obliged to go, 
 have to die; -nemme[*~™], to take away; 
 -packe[*~~], sich, to be gone; -reide[* ~~], to 
 ride away; -rejjne[- ~~], to continue to rain; 
 -rolle[*~~], to roll away; -schaffe[*~~], to 
 continue to work, get rid of; -schicke[*~~], 
 to send away; -schiewe[*~~], to push along 
 or away; -Schleiche[*~~], to sneak away; 
 -schlofe[* ~~], to continue tosleep; -schpringe 
 [~~], to run away; -schreiwe[* ~~], to con- 
 tinue to write, to write to some one at a dis- 
 tance; -schritt[*~], m, progress; -schtiwwere 
 [*~~~], to chase off or away; -setze[*~~], to 
 continue; -wachse[* ~~], to continue to grow; 
 -wolle[*~~], to want to go away; -zackere 
 [*~~~], to keep on working; -zieje[* ~~], to pull 
 away, move away. 
 
 farwich[’~], colored. G farbig. 
 
 farz[“], m, fart. G Furz. 
 
 farze[*~], pp gfarzt, to fart. G furzen. 
 
 Faschde[*~], pl, di, Lent. G Fasten. 
 
 faschde[*~], pp gfascht, to fast. G fasten. 
 
 fascht[~], f, fast. G Fast. 
 
 fascht[“], fast, firm, solid. G fest. 
 
 fascht[“], almost. G fast. 
 
 fascht || binne[*~~], to tie fast; -halte[*~~], to 
 keep hold of; -mache[*~~], to fasten, fix; 
 enemme[*~~], to take hold of, arrest; 
 
 raus mit 
 
54 The Pennsyloania-German Society 
 
 -schtecke[*~~], to stick fast; -weerre[*~~], to 
 become stuck, be puzzled. 
 
 Faschtzeit[*~], f, Lent. G Fastenzeit. 
 
 Fasnacht[~~], Fasenacht[*~~], Fasnacht[*~], 
 Faschtnacht[*~], f, Shrove Tuesday; di 
 Fasnacht kummt hinneno, applied to a 
 person who is last, a slow-poke; di alt 
 Fasnacht, said of that member of a family 
 who rises last on Shrove Tuesday; nau™ 
 werd di Fasnacht ins seifass gschperrt. 
 G Fastnacht. 
 
 fasnachtkichelche[*~~~~], n, fasnachtkuche 
 [~~~~], m, doughnut. G Fastnachtskuchen. 
 
 fass[~], n, barrel, cask. G Fass. 
 
 fass || binner[* ~~], m, cooper; -daub[* *], f, stave 
 of a cask. 
 
 fasse[*~], pp gfasst, to take hold of, grasp, 
 measure into bags (grain), put into hives 
 (bees). G fassen. 
 
 fassere|*~~], pl, fibers, threads. G Fasern. 
 
 faul["], rotten, lazy; ebbes —, something 
 wrong; -e eppel, ironical for false reports. 
 G faul. 
 
 faule[~~], pp gfault, to rot, decay. G faulen. 
 
 _ faulense[~~~], pp gfaulenst, to lounge, be lazy, 
 
 loaf. G faulenzen. 
 
 faulenser[*~~], m, lazybones, loafer. G Fau- 
 lenzer. 
 
 faulerkaes[~~"], m, pot-cheese. G faul+ 
 Kase. 
 
 faulhals[~“], m, diphtheria. G faul+Hals. 
 
 faulheet([~~], f, laziness. G Faulheit. 
 
 fauscht["], f, fist; sich di — voll lache, to 
 laugh in one’s sleeve; en — mache, to 
 threaten with clenched fist. G Faust. 
 
 fauschthensching[~~~], m, mitten (with a 
 separate thumb). G Fausthandschuh. 
 fawle[~~], pp gfawelt, to talk twaddle, talk 
 
 incoherently and fumble with the bedcover 
 in the delirium of a severe illness. G 
 fabeln. 
 faxe[‘~], pl, tomfoolery, nonsense. G Faxen. 
 faxe[*~], pp gfaxt, tofool. FromG Faxen (no 
 verb). 
 faxemacher|[*~~~], m, funny fellow, buffoon. 
 G Faxenmacher. 
 Febrewar[|’~ =], m, February. G Februar. 
 fechde[*~], pp gfochde, to fight. G fechten. 
 fechder[*™], m, fighter. G Fechter. 
 fechderei[~~~], f, quarrels. G Fechterei. 
 fecht["], m, fight. PG fechde. Cf gfecht. 
 fechthahne[*~~], m, game-cock, quarrelsome 
 person. G Fecht+Hahn. 
 feckle[*~], pp gfeckelt, coire. dG ficke. 
 fedder|*~], f, feather, pen, spring. G Feder. 
 fedder || bett/*~~], n, feather-bed; -deck[*~™~], 
 f, feather-bed; -fassing[*~~™~], f, bedticking; 
 -keidel|[*~ ~~], m, quill; -kisse[*~~~], n, pillow 
 stuffed with feathers; -messer[*~~~], n, pen- 
 knife; -rohr[*~~], n, penholder; -schtiel[*~*], 
 m, penholder; -vieh[*~~], n, poultry; -wisch 
 [*~~], m, feather duster. 
 feddere[*~~], pp gfeddert, to feather; sich 
 —,to moult. G federn. 
 
 fedd(e)rich[*~~], covered with feathers, fea 
 thered. G federig. 
 
 feel["], for sale. G feil. 
 
 fehl["], fail(ing): unne —. G Fehl. 
 
 fehl || dritt[“~], m, misstep; -gebort[*~~], mis- 
 carriage; -geh~[*"], to go astray, miss one’s 
 
 - way, miscarry; -greife[~~~], to make a mis- 
 take; -griff[“~], m, blunder; -johr[*"], n, 
 year of poor crops; -schiesse[~~~], to shoot 
 wide of the mark, miss, be mistaken; 
 -schlack[~~“], m, unsuccessful attempt; 
 -schlajje[*~~], to miss one’s blow, fail, turn 
 out unsuccessfully; -=schuss[*~], m, miss, bad 
 
 shot. 
 
 fehle[~~], pp gfehlt, to fail, lack, miss, ail. G 
 fehlen. 
 
 fehler[~~], m, fault, mistake, defect, infirmity; 
 en — am herz hawwe, to have heart 
 trouble. G Fehler. 
 
 fehlerfrei[~~~], perfect. G fehlerfrei. 
 
 peor irit ah faulty, imperfect. G fehler- 
 
 ait. 
 
 fei~[-~], fine, nice, excellent, artful; en feiner 
 keerl, ironically the opposite of the literal 
 meaning. G fein. 
 
 feicht["], moist, damp. G feucht. 
 
 feichtichkeet[~~"], f, dampness, moistness. 
 G Feuchtigkeit. 
 
 feier[~~], n, fire; —- A-mache, to kindle fire. 
 G Feuer. 
 
 feier || bohn[~~~], f, scarlet runner bean, tree- 
 kidney-bean; -blumm[*~~],f, cardinal flower; 
 zbrand[~~~], m, burning stick, brand; -eifer 
 [~~~], m, energetic spell; -fresser[*~~~], fire- 
 eater, bully; -fliek[~~"], f, fire-fly; -funke 
 [-~~~], m, spark; -heerd[~~~], m, hearth, fire- 
 place; -hohl(*~ ~], hook for hanging iron pots 
 over a fire, trammel. G Feuer+hohl, prob- 
 ably referring to the hollow in the iron 
 hook; -hols[*~~], n, firewood; -hund[*~~], m, 
 andiron; -kolwe[*~~~], m, red nose; -mann 
 [~~~], m, fireman; -rot[*~"], red as fire; 
 -schipp[~ ~~], f, fire-shovel; -schtee~[~~~], m, 
 flint; vojjel[~~~~], m, firefly; -weerrick[*~~~], 
 n, fireworks; -zang[~~~], f, tongs. 
 
 feier || dak[~~"], m, holiday; -owed[*~~~], m, 
 cessation from work; — mache, to knock off 
 work. G Feierabend. 
 
 feiere[~~~], pp gfeiert, to keep a fire going. 
 G feuern. 
 
 feiere[~~~], pp gfeiert, to celebrate, keep a 
 holiday. G feiern. 
 
 feierflamm|~*~~], f, flame; flame-flower, red-hot 
 poker plant; day-lily; cardinal-flower. 
 
 feierich[~~~], fiery. G feuerig. 
 
 feierlich[*~~], solemn. G feierlich. 
 
 feierlichkeet[~~~"], f, solemnity, celebration. 
 G Feierlichkeit. 
 
 feierrodeblatt[*~~~~~], f, cardinal-flower. G 
 Feuer-+rot-+ Platte. 
 
 fei~ || gloppe[*~~], to beat fine, beat to a 
 powder; -gnochich[* ~~], small-boned; -hacke 
 [“~~], to chop fine; -mache[*~~], to chop 
 wood (for the stove), break into small pieces; 
 sreisse[~~~], to tear into pieces; -schtenglich 
 
 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary $5 
 
 {“~~], fine (literally and figuratively): — 
 schwetze; -schtielich[*~~], fine, soft. 
 feijebam[~*~], m, fig-tree. G Feigenbaum. 
 feik["], f, fig. G Feige. 
 feil["], f, file. G Feile. 
 feile(~~], pp gfeilt, to file. G feilen. 
 feind["], m, enemy. G Feind. 
 feind["], hostile. G feind. 
 feindlich[*~], hostile. G feindlich. 
 
 feindschaft[~~], f, enmity, dislike. G Feind- 
 schaft. 
 
 feindselich[~~~], hostile. G feindselig. 
 
 feiner[~~], finer. G feiner. 
 
 feinscht["], finest. G feinst. 
 
 feischdle|*~], pp gfeischdelt, to flourish one’s 
 fists. G fausteln. 
 
 feje[~~], pp gfekt, to sweep, clean; sich —, to 
 clean up, wash up. G fegen. 
 
 fejer[~~], m, cleaner, scavenger, 
 scarum woman. G Feger. 
 
 fejerei[~~*], f, drudgery of cleaning. G 
 Fegerei. 
 
 fek["], en alti, a gadabout. G fegen. 
 
 fekfeier[~~~], n, purgatory. G Fegefeuer. 
 
 feld[-], n, field. G Feld. 
 
 feld || bau[*~], m, agriculture; -bohn[*"], f, navy 
 bean; -breddicher[*~~~], m, army chaplain; 
 sflasch[*~], f, canteen; -herr[*~], m, general; 
 zhinkel[*~™~], n, plover, prairie chicken, quail; 
 elilje[* ~~], £, meadow lily, Canada lily; -maus 
 [*“], f, short-tailed field-mouse; -welschkarn 
 [*~~], n, Indian corn; -zuch[* “], m, campaign. 
 
 felk[“], f, pl felje, felloe. G Felge. 
 
 fell[“], n, skin, pelt, membrane. G Fell. 
 
 fellgnopp[*~], m, magic bag for curing a 
 membrane over the pupil of the eye. G 
 Fell+ Knopf. 
 
 felsche[*~], pp gfelscht, to forge. G falschen. 
 
 felsching[*~], f, forgery, changing records. G 
 Falschung. 
 
 felse[*~], m, rock. G Felsen. 
 
 felsekopp[*~~], m, rocky summit, niggerhead. 
 solitary rock from the glacial period. G 
 Felsen+ Kopf. 
 
 felsemoos[*~"], n, lichens. G 
 G Felsenmoos. 
 
 felsich[*~], rocky. G felsig. 
 
 Felti[*~], m, Valentine. G Velten. 
 
 feng|“] gewwe, to strike, punish. G Fange. 
 
 fenger|*~] =seifenger. 
 
 fennichel[*~~], m, fennel. G Fenchel. 
 
 fenschder, finschder[*~], n, window. G Fen- 
 
 harum- 
 
 rock-moss, 
 
 ster. 
 
 fenschder || glas[*~"], n, window-glass, win- 
 dow-pane; -gschtell[*~~], n, window-frame; 
 zkitt[*~~], m, putty; -lade[*~ ~~], m, shutter; 
 srahm|[*~~], m, window-sash; -scheib[*~"], f, 
 window-pane; -sitz[*~~], m, window-sill. 
 
 ferien[~~~], pl, vacation. G Ferien. 
 
 ferri[*~], f, ferry. G Fahre, E ferry. 
 
 ferriboot|*~~], n, ferry-boat. GFahre+Boot. 
 
 fersant, fassant[~~], f, pheasant. G Fasan. 
 
 fersante || beer[~*~ "], f, partridge-berry, check- 
 erberry; -hinkel[’*~~~], n, breed of fowls 
 somewhat resembling Rhode Island Reds. 
 
 ferwas[~*], why. G fiir was. 
 
 fescht[“], firm, fast, tight; -er leib, constipa- 
 tion. Gfest. Cf fascht. 
 
 fescht[*], n, feast, festival. G Fest. 
 
 feschtdak[*~], m, holiday. G Festtag. 
 
 festlich[*~], festal. G festlich. 
 
 fessel, fessli[’~], n, small keg. Dims of G 
 Fass. 
 
 fett[“], fat, fleshy, rich (soil). G fett. 
 
 fett[“], n, fat, lard, grease, suet. G Fett. 
 
 fett || amschel[’~~], f, lard-burning lamp. In 
 Vol. X, Proceedings PG Society there is a 
 pictorial representation of such a lamp 
 with a bird (G Amsel=blackbird) on the 
 lidofthelamp. I have never seen one with 
 the bird on the lid. Certainly the bird 
 would soon become a ‘“‘black bird.” Despite 
 this evidence in favor of the popular deriva- 
 tion of the word, I think it is G Fett+ 
 Ampel =lamp, especially hanging lamp <L 
 ampulla; -blacke[* ~~], m, grease-spot; -bress 
 [’~], f, lard-press; -kichelche[*~ ~~], n, dough- 
 nut; -kuche[’~~], m, doughnut; -licht[*~], 
 n, lamp in which a wick dipped in fat was 
 used. Same as fettamschel. 
 
 fettich[*~], fatty, greasy. G fettig. 
 
 fetze[’~], m, shred. G Fetzen. 
 
 fetzel[*~], n, female pudendum. Dim of G 
 Fotze. 
 
 ficke[*~], pp gfickt, coire. ‘dG ficke. 
 
 fickmiehl|*"], f, tit-tat-to. G Fickmiihle. 
 
 fiddelboje[*~~~], m, bow of a violin, hiero- 
 glyphic, any crooked implement. G Fie- 
 delbogen. 
 
 fiedel[*~], f, fiddle. G Fiedel. 
 
 fiederes[~~~], (es, mei”), the chores at the 
 barn. Gfiittern. Cf backes. 
 
 fiedre[~~], pp gfiedert, to feed. G fiittern. 
 
 fiehlbar[~"], tangible. G fiihlbar. 
 
 fiehle[~~], pp gfiehIt, to feel; schlecht —, to 
 be ill, ail. G fiihlen. 
 
 fiehre[*~], pp gfiehrt, to lead. G fiihren. 
 
 fiehrer[*~], m, guide. G Fiihrer. 
 
 fieje[~~], pp gfiekt, to join; sich in ebbes —, 
 to yield. ligen. 
 
 fiessle[*~], pp gfiesselt, to walk rapidly, take 
 short steps. G fiisseln. 
 
 fiewer[~~], n, fever. G Fieber. 
 
 fiewergraut[~~"], n, feverwort. 
 kraut. 
 
 fiewerisch[*~~], feverish. G fieberisch. 
 
 figur[-~], f, figure. G Figur. 
 
 fill[-], n, colt. G Fiillen. 
 
 fill[-], filli[*~], f, abundance, fill; di hilli un 
 filli, abundance. G Fiille. 
 
 fille[*~], pp gfillt, to fill, farce. G fiillen. 
 
 fille[*~], pp gfillt, to foal. G fiillen. 
 
 filling[*~], f, filling, stuffing (of a roast fowl). 
 G Fiillung. 
 
 fillsel[*~], mn, sausage meat, forcemeat. G 
 Fiillsel. 
 
 fils || glaech[*"], m, fetlock joint of a horse; 
 
 slaus[’ “|, f, crab-louse. 
 fimf, finf[-], finnif[*~], five; fimfe, finfe, five 
 
 G Fieber- 
 
56 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 (substantively used); di — bicher Mosis, 
 the Pentateuch. Gé fiinf. 
 
 fimf || blettrich[‘~~], five-leafed; -dalernot 
 [~-~"[, f, five dollar bill; -dausend[~~~], five 
 thousand; -eckich[*~~], five cornered; 
 -feldich{*~~], quintuple, five-fold; -hunnert 
 [~*~], five hundred; -jaehrich[* ~~], quinquen- 
 nial; -mol[*"], five times; -schteckich[*~~], 
 five-storied; -seitich[* ~~], pentagonal. 
 
 fimffingergraut[~*~"], n, cinquefoil. G Fiinf- 
 fingerkraut. 
 
 fimft[“], fifth. G fiinft. 
 
 fimftel[*~], n, fifth (part). G Fiinftel. 
 
 fimfter[*~], en, the figure 5, five-spot (in 
 cards). G Fiinfe, Fiinfer. 
 
 finger[*~], m, finger, tendril. G Finger. 
 
 fingere[*~~], pp gfingert, to finger. G fingern. 
 
 finger || hensching[*~~~], m, glove; -hut[*~"], 
 m, thimble; -najjel[* ~~~], m, fingernail; -ring 
 [-“~], m, (finger-)ring. 
 
 fingeriere[“~~~], pp gfingeriert, to finger. G 
 fingerieren. 
 
 fingerling[*~~], m, finger-stall. G Fingerling. 
 
 fingers || dick|*~ ap of the thickness of a finger; 
 zlang|*~~], of the length of a finger. 
 
  finiere[““~], pp finiert, to veneer. G fur- 
 nieren. 
 
 fink{-], m, finch. G Finke. 
 
 “finkle|*~], pp gfinkelt, to sparkle. G fiinkeln. 
 
 wfinne[*~], pp gfunne, to find, furnish; er hott 
 alles gfunne, he furnished everything. G 
 énden. 
 
 finne[*~], pl, garget (a hog disease). G Fin- 
 nen. 
 
 finner[*~], m, finder. G Finder. 
 
 finschder|’~], dark. Gé finster. 
 
 finschdernis|*~~], f, eclipse. G Finsternis. 
 
 fiole[““~], pp gfiolt, to torment, abuse. dG 
 feiole. 
 
 fisch[“], m, fish, (F-) Pisces (sign of the 
 zodiac). G Fisch. 
 
 fisch || angel[* ~~], f, fish-hook; -bee~[* 7], whale- 
 bone; -brud[* 7], f, spawn; -eel|” “J, n, fish-oil; 
 -geert[*~], f, fish- pole; -garn{* "|, n, fish- net; 
 -gran[’"], f, fishbone; -hammer[*~~], m, 
 hand-net. Cf hammer-garn; -kunscht[*~], 
 f, ichthyology; -ohr[*"], n, gill; -oijer[*~~], 
 pl, roe; -reiher, -roijer[* ~~], m, heron, crane; 
 -sals[*~], n, coarse salt; -schippe[*~~], pl, 
 fish-scales; -schlupp[*~], m, fishing loop of 
 wire, weel; -schtecher[*~~], m, _ fish-gig; 
 -weiher[* ~~], m, fish-pond. 
 
 fischble[*~], pp gfischbelt, to feel one’s way 
 
 about (in the dark). dG fispeln. 
 fische[*~], pp gfischt, to fish, angle. G 
 fischen. 
 fischel|*~], n, little fish. Dim of G Fisch. 
 fischer[*~], m, fisherman. G Fischer. 
 fischerei[~~~], f, fishery. G Fischerei. 
 
 fitz[-], f, whip, rod, lash. dG fitz. 
 sine fitzle[*~], pp gfitzt, to whip, lash. dG 
 tze. 
 fitzeel[*~], n; mit — schmiere, to flog, whip. 
 dG fitz+G Ol. 
 fix[“], ready, nimble, quick; — un ferdich, all 
 ready. G fix. 
 
 flach[~], flat. G flach. . 
 
 flachs[~], m, flax. G Flachs. 
 
 flachs || baue[’~~], n, flax culture; -brech{*~], 
 , flax-break; -derr[*~], f, arrangement on 
 which flax was dried; -dotter[* ~~], m, dodder; 
 zhechel|[*~~], f, hatchel; -keppich[*~™~], tow- 
 headed; -kopp[*~], m, tow-head; -schwing 
 [*~], f, scutch; -seide[* ~~], m, dodder; -some, 
 -sume|[* ~~], m, flax-seed. 
 
 flachse[*~], pp gflachst, to flog, beat, cheat. 
 G flachsen. 
 
 flachse[*~], (of) flax. G flachsen. 
 
 flachsiere[““~], pp gflachsiert, to lambast, 
 handle roughly. Variant of flachsen. 
 
 flackre[*~], pp gflackert, to flicker. G 
 flackern. 
 
 flackrich[*~], flickering, inconstant. 
 erig. 
 
 fladderwisch[*~~], m, wing of turkey or goose 
 used for dusting, fickle girl. G Flederwisch 
 influenced by flattern. 
 
 fladdre[*~], pp gfladdert, to flutter, flap. G 
 flattern. 
 
 flaehm["], f, flank; en gfillti —, stuffed flank. 
 GF lihme. 
 
 flamm|[*], f, flame. G Flamme. 
 
 flamme[* 4 pp gflammt, to flame, blaze. G 
 flammen. 
 
 flammkuche[*~~], m, pancake. dG flamm- 
 kuche. 
 
 flank[~], f, lank. G Flanke. 
 
 flankiere[~~ “], pp gflankiert, to arrange, rove. 
 G flankieren. 
 
 flannell[~~], m, flannel. G Flanell. 
 
 flannelle[~*~], (of) flannel. G flanellen. 
 
 flapp[“], m, flap, flop <G flappen strongly 
 influenced by E flop. 
 
 flappe[*~], pp gflappt, yi flap, flop, spank. G 
 flappen. 
 
 flappich[*~], flapping, pendant <G flappen. 
 
 flasch[~], f, flask, small bottle. G Flasche. 
 
 flatsch[~], crash! smash! G Flatsche. 
 
 flatsche[*~], pp gflatscht, to splash in the 
 water, gossip. dG flatsche. 
 
 flatterros|*~~], f, poppy. G flattern+ Rose. 
 
 flaum[], m, down. G Flaum. 
 
 flaumegras[~~"], n, witch-grass. G Flaum+ 
 Gras. Cf kitzelgrds. 
 
 flause[*~], pl, tricks, humbug. G Flausen. 
 
 flechde[*~], pp gflochde, to plait. G flechten. 
 
 flechs|“], f, tendon, sinew. G Flechse. 
 
 flechse[*~], (of) linen. G _ flachsern. Cf 
 flachse. 
 
 flechsich[*“], containing sinews. G flechsig. 
 
 fleck[“], flecke[*~], m, patch, spot, stain. G 
 Fleck, Flecken. 
 
 flecke[*~], pp gfleckt, to leave a spot, stain. 
 G flecken. 
 
 fleckich[*~], spotted, 
 fleckig. 
 
 fiedder || maus[*~ 7], 
 wisch|*~ 
 
 G flack- 
 
 soiled, chloasmic. G 
 
 f, butterfly, moth; = 
 “], m, feather duster. 
 
 fleehgraut[~~], n, daisy-fleabane; common 
 smartweed; princes’ feather. G Fléh- 
 kraut. 
 
 fleesch["], n, meat. G Fleisch. 
 
 
 
Pennsylvanta-German Dictionary 57 
 
 fleesch || bank[~~], f, bench on which meat is 
 worked up; -brieh[~"], f, broth; -gawwel 
 [“~~], f, meat-fork; -haffe[*~~], m, pot for 
 preserving meat; -hoke[~~~], m, meat-hook; 
 
 ’ zsupp[~~], f, broth. 
 
 fleeschich[~~], fleshy, meaty. G fleischig. 
 
 fleet["], f, flute. G Flote. 
 
 fleetze[~~], pp gfleetzt, to deposit silt; 
 gfleetzter sand, diluvial sand, quicksand. 
 G flétzen. 
 
 flehe[~~], pp gfleht, to implore. G flehen. 
 
 fleiss["], m, industry. G Fleiss. 
 
 fleissich[~~], industrious, diligent. G fleissig. 
 
 flejjel[*~], m, flail, unmannerly fellow. G 
 Flegel. 
 
 flejjele[*~~], pp gflejjelt, to drub. G flegeln. 
 
 flejjelhaft[*~~], unmannerly, impertinent. G 
 flegelhaft. 
 
 flejjel || kilb[’~~], f{, swingle (of a flail); 
 -kopp[*~~], m, U-shaped piece connecting 
 handle and swingle of a flail; -rut[~~7], f, 
 handle of a flail. 
 
 flejjelheftich[“~*~], terribly. G flegelhaft + 
 
 ig. 
 
 flenne[*~], pp gflennt, to weep. G flennen. 
 
 flick[~], full-fledged, pubescent. G fliigge. 
 
 flickerwet[*~™~], f, patching, mending, botch- 
 work. G Flickarbeit. 
 
 flicke[*~], pp gflickt, to mend. Gé flicken. 
 
 flickerei[~~*], f, (confounded) mending. G 
 Flickerei. 
 
 flickrich[*~], flickering, flaring. G flickern. 
 
 flickwese[* ~~], n, material for mending or the 
 act itself. G Flickwesen. 
 
 flieje[~~], pp gflojje, to fly. G fliegen. 
 
 fliegend[*~], flying. G fliegend. 
 
 fliekzeit|*~], f, time when young birds can 
 fly, time when birds of passage take their 
 flight. G Flugzeit. 
 
 flies[], n, fuzz. G Vlies. 
 
 fliesse[~~], pp gflosse, to flow. Gé fliessen. 
 
 fliessend[~~], flowing, running, fluent. G 
 fliessend. 
 
 flijjel[*~], m, wing. G Fliigel. 
 
 flijjel || disch[*~~], m, table with extensions 
 provided with hinges so that they may be 
 lowered when it is desired to have a smaller 
 table; -mauer[’~~~], f, wing-wall of a 
 bridge; -rock[*~~], m, swallow-tail coat. 
 
 flijjele[*~~], pp gflijielt, to cut the wing- 
 feathers of chickens. Gé fliigeln. 
 
 flink[~], quick, nimble. G flink. 
 
 flinke[*~[, pp gflinkt, to shine, sparkle. G 
 flinken; 
 
 fiinsche[*~], pp gflinscht, to flinch, falter. 
 dG flinschen. 
 
 flint[“], f, gun. G Flinte. 
 
 flinte || gscheft[*~~], n, 
 [*~~*], m, gunstock; 
 barrel. . 
 
 flischpere[*~~], pp gflischpert, to whisper. G 
 flispern. 
 
 flissich[*~], liquid, discharging matter (of a 
 sore). G fliissig. 
 
 flitsche[*~], pp gflitscht, to slip off, glance off, 
 
 gunstock; -kolwe 
 laf[*~"], m, gun- 
 
 skip stones over a water-surface, blaze 
 trees in surveying. G Flitschen, Flitsch. 
 
 flitscher[*~], m, slight crack of a whip. G 
 Flitschen. 
 
 flitterwoche[*~~™], pl, honeymoon. G Flitter- 
 wochen. 
 
 flitze[*~], pp gflitzt, to flit, flash, move rapidly. 
 G flitzen. 
 
 flocke[*~], m, flake. G Flocke. 
 
 flockich[*~], flaky. G flockig. 
 
 floh[], m, pl fleeh, flea. G Floh. 
 
 flor["], m, crepe. G Flor. 
 
 floribus[~~~], (in) plenty :in der — lewe. L 
 and G floribus. 
 
 fluch{~], m, curse; ken — wert, not worth a 
 damn. G Fluch. 
 
 fluche[*~], pp gflucht, to curse, swear. G 
 fluchen. 
 
 flucher[*~], m, swearer, blasphemous person. 
 G Flucher. 
 
 flucht["], f, flight, 
 Flucht. 
 
 fluck[“], m, flight, flock; im —, on the wing; 
 en — gens, a flock of geese. G Flug. 
 
 fluss[~], m, flood, flux, rheumatism, inflamma- 
 tion. G Fluss. 
 
 flussfedder[*~™~], f, fin of a fish. G Flossfeder. 
 
 flussich[*~], rheumy, scrofulous, eruptive. 
 G fliissig. 
 
 flusskarrell[*~~], f, amber bead. G Fluss+ 
 Koralle. 
 
 flut["], f, high water, flood. G Flut. 
 
 flutter[*~], f, diarrhoea. G Fluder. 
 
 foddre[*~], pp gfoddert, to demand, ask. G 
 fordern. 
 
 foddrung|[*~], f, requirement. G Forderung. 
 
 folje[*~], pp gfolkt, gfollickt, to follow, obey. 
 
 escape, stampede. G 
 
 G folgen. 
 folje[*~], pl, consequences. G Folgen. 
 foljer[*~], m, follower. G Folger. 
 
 foppe[*~], pp gfoppt, to fool, banter, deceive. 
 oppen. 
 
 forell[-*], f, trout. G Forelle. 
 
 form[*], f, form, mould. G Form. 
 
 fotz|“], f, female pudendum. G Fotze. 
 
 fra["], f, pl weiwer, woman, wife. G Frau. 
 
 frank[~], (un frei), frank (and free). G frank. 
 
 Frankreich[*"], n, France. G Frankreich. 
 
 franseesisch[*~~], French. G franzdsisch. 
 
 fraktura[“~~], pl, Gothic letters or figures. G 
 Frakturen. 
 
 frakture[~~~], pp gfrakturt, to write in Gothic 
 characters. Verb formed from fraktura. 
 
 fransel[*~], f, fringe. G Franse. 
 
 franslich[*~], fringed. G fransig. 
 
 Fransos[“*], m, Frenchman. G Franzose. 
 
 fransose[“~~], pl, venereal disease. G Fran- 
 zosen. 
 
 frant, front[-], f, front. G Front. 
 
 fratz || hans[*~], m, dude, fop; -naesel[* ~~], n, 
 impudent little snip. 
 
 fratzich[{*~], foppish. G Fratz +ig. 
 
 frech[~], impudent. G frech. 
 
 freed(e), freide[~~], f, joy, delight. GFreude. 
 
 freedich|~~], gladly, joyfully. G freudig. 
 
58 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 freee[~~], pp gfreet, sich, to rejoice, be glad. 
 G freuen. 
 cheerful. G 
 
 freehlich[*~], 
 frdhlich. 
 
 freehlichkeet[*~~], f, merriment, mirth, cheer. 
 G Frohligkeit. 
 
 frei["], free, exempt, clear; im -e, in the open 
 air; Bruder A. sei —, Brother A., please 
 say grace; Bruder A. sei — zum gebet, 
 
 joyful, merry, 
 
 Brother A. will lead us in prayer. G frei. 
 Freidak|*~], m, Friday. G Freitag. 
 freidefeier[~~~~], n, bonfire. G Freuden- 
 
 feuer. 
 
 frei || denker[~~~], m, freethinker; -geh~[~], 
 to be released, be discharged; -gewwe[~~™], 
 to set free, release; -gewwich[*~~], -gewich 
 [~~~], generous, liberal; -halte[*~~], to de- 
 fray (some one’s) expenses; sich —, to 
 guard against; -lafe[~~~], to roam at large 
 (of cattle); -losse|[*~~], to release, set at 
 liberty; -mache[~~~], to redeem, free, acquit; 
 -schpreche[~~™~], to absolve, set free; -schul 
 [*"], f, public school; -willich[~~~], volun- 
 tarily. 
 
 freie[~~], pp gfreit, to woo, court. G freien. 
 
 freierei|”~~],f, courtship, wooing. G Freierei. 
 
 freigleeder(~ ~~], pl, suit of clothes given to an 
 apprentice, ‘‘servant’’ or hired boy on the 
 completion of his term of service. G frei+ 
 Kleider. (For this use of ‘‘servant,’’ cf 
 serwe.) 
 
 freiheit[~~], f, liberty, freedom. G Freiheit. 
 
 freiheitsbam[*~~], m, Lombardy poplar. 
 
 freilich[*~], certainly, to be sure. G freilich. 
 
 Freimaurer|[~~~], m, Free Mason. G Frei- 
 maurer. 
 
 freind["], m, friend. G Freund. 
 
 freindlich{*~], friendly, affable, agreeable, 
 pleasant. G freundlich. 
 
 freindschaft[*~], f, friendship, relationship, 
 relatives; in der — sei’, to be related. 
 Freundschaft. 
 
 fremm|[~], strange, unacquainted. G fremd. 
 
 fremmer|*~], m, stranger. G Fremder. 
 
 freschmeiler[*"~], pl, snapdragons. G 
 Frésche +Mauler. 
 
 fress[“], en, a great feed, grand feast. G 
 fressen. 
 
 fresse[‘~], pp gfresse, to eat (of animals), 
 eat too much or gluttonously (of persons). 
 G fressen. 
 
 fresse[*~], n, eating (of animals), food (of 
 dogs), feed (of horses and poultry), rich 
 pickings: des is en — far di loijer; des is 
 en — far ihn, that is nuts for him. G 
 Fressen. 
 
 fress || dier[*"], n, glutton; -granket[*~~], f, 
 gluttony; -hals[*~], m, glutton; -hunger 
 [*~~], m, voracious appetite, bulimia. 
 
 fresser[*~], m, glutton. G Fresser. 
 
 fresserei[”~*], f, gluttonizing. G Fresserei. 
 
 frewel(~~], m, blasphemy, wickedness. G 
 Frevel. 
 
 frewelhaft(~~~], blasphemous, outrageous. G 
 frevelhaft. 
 
 Fridder[*~], m, Frederick. dG Fridder. 
 
 Fridderich{’~~], m, Frederick. G Friedrich. 
 
 Fridricke[~*~], f, Frederica. G Friedrike. 
 
 friede[~~], m, peace, quiet; du liewer —! great 
 goodness! weiss der —! goodness knows! 
 sure as you're alive. G Frieden. 
 
 friedens || richter[~~~~], m, justice of the 
 peace; -griek[~~~], m, war for independence. 
 
 friedlich[*~], peaceful, amicable. G friedlich. 
 
 frieh["], f, in aller —, early inthe morning. G 
 Friihe. 
 
 frieh || appel[*~~], m, harvest apple; -beer 
 [“"], f, early pear; -graut[~"], n, early cab- 
 bage; -grumbeer[*~], f, early potato; 
 zjohr[~"], n, spring; -seiche[~~~], n, shoat 
 butchered in fall; -welschkarn[~~~], n, 
 early corn; -zeitich[~ ~~], early, prematurely. 
 
 frieher[~~], earlier, formerly. G friiher. 
 
 friehjohrs || dak[~~~], m, spring day; -wetter 
 «~"~*], n, spring weather. 
 
 friehling[~~], m, spring (not common). G 
 Frihling. ; 
 
 friehscht["|, earliest. G friihst. 
 
 friere, gfriere[~~], pp gfrore, to freeze; es 
 gfriert, it is freezing; es friert mich, I am 
 shivering. G frieren. 
 
 friere(s)[~~], n, chill. G Frieren. 
 
 frisch[~], fresh, cool, new; boldly: en -i kuh. 
 G frisch. 
 
 frissel[*~], n, rash. G Friesel. 
 
 froh["], glad, happy, joyful. G froh. 
 
 froje[“~], pp gfrokt, to ask, question. G 
 
 fragen. 
 frok["], f, question. G Frage. 
 fromm, frumm|*], pious, devout, gentle or 
 
 tractable (of animals). G fromm. 
 
 frommichkeet{*~"], f, piety. G Frommigkeit. 
 
 frosch[“], m, pl fresch, frog. G Frosch. 
 
 froscht[~], m, frost. G Frost. 
 
 frucht[‘], f, grain (maturing on the field or 
 after it is thrashed), fruit of a tree (rare). 
 G Frucht. 
 
 fruchtbar[’~], fruitful, fertile. G fruchtbar. 
 
 frucht || blans|[*~], f, cereal; -feld[*~], n, grain 
 field; -gran[*"], f, beard (of grain); -haus 
 [*~], n, grain elevator; -kern[{*~], f, kernel, 
 grain; -kammer[*~~], f, granary; -land[*~], 
 n, land adapted for grains; -maschien[*~"], 
 f, reaper; -reff[*~], n, grain cradle. 
 
 fuchs[~], m, fox. G Fuchs. 
 
 fuchse|*~], pp gfuchst, coire. dG fuchse. 
 
 fuchs || gaul[‘"], m, sorrel horse; -schwans 
 [*~], a common weed. 
 
 fuddre[*~], pp gfuddert, to find fault, remon- 
 strate, grumble. dG fuddere. 
 
 fuder[~~], n, feed, fodder. G Futter. 
 
 fuder[~*~], n, lining (of a garment). G Futter. 
 
 fuder || bank[*~~], f, feed-cutter; -drok[~~"], 
 m, manger, mixing trough (for feed); -gang 
 [-~~], m, entry in a barn along the stalls. 
 
 fudere[~~™~], pp gfudert, to linea garment. G 
 futtern. 
 
 fuffzeh[*~], fifteen. G fiinfzehn. 
 
 fuffzich[*~], fifty, a run of four of the same 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 59 
 
 suit (above the seven-spot) in the game of 
 datte. G fiinfzig. 
 
 fuffzichjaehrich[*~~~], semi-centennial. G 
 fiinfzigjahrig. 
 
 fuffzichscht[*~], fiftieth. G fiinfzigst. 
 
 fuggadivus|[’~~~], m, rogue, samp (EH). G 
 Vocativus. 
 
 fuhr["], f, team (horses alone or horses and 
 wagon). Fuhre. 
 
 fuhr || loh~[~"], m, (cost of) cartage, haulage 
 (charges); -mann[*~], m, teamster; -wer- 
 rick[~~~], n, vehicle, conveyance; -wese 
 [~~~], n, vehicle (usually applied only to a 
 carriage or buggy). 
 
 fui[~~], faugh! ugh! don’t touch. G pfui. 
 
 fuk["], rabbet;~ aus de fuje sei", to be out of 
 joint. G Fuge. 
 
 fundement[~~’], n, foundation. G Funda- 
 ment. 
 
 fundement || mauer[”~’ ~~], f, foundation wall; 
 -schtee~[~~*"], m, foundation stone. 
 
 funggiere[~~~], pp gfunggiert, to act, function. 
 G fungieren. 
 
 funke[*~], m, spark. G Funke. 
 
 funkel(najel)nei[*~-~"], brand new. G fun- 
 kel(nagel)neu. 
 
 funkle[*~], pp gfunkelt, to sparkle, glisten. G 
 funkeln. 
 
 fuss[], m, foot; zu —, on foot. G Fuss. 
 
 fuss || bad[*"], n, foot-bath; -brick[~~], f, 
 foot-bridge; -dappe[~~~], m, foot-print; 
 zend|[~~], n, foot-end; -genger[~~~], m, 
 pedestrian; -halt[~~], f, footing; -pad[~"], 
 m, footpath; -schtooss[~~], m, kick; -sohl 
 [~"], f, sole of the foot; -wek[~~], m, path- 
 
 way. 
 
 fussle[*~], pp gfusselt, to finger or hunt in the 
 dark. G fusseln. 
 
 fussre[*~], pl, fuzz. G Fussel. 
 
 fussrich[*~], fuzzy. G fusselig. 
 
 futsch[-], lost, done for, ruined, come to 
 nothing; also exclamatory and onomato- 
 poetic. G futsch. 
 
 G 
 
 gab["|, f, gift, talent. G Gabe. 
 
 gackel[*~], f, chattering silly woman. G 
 gackeln. 
 
 gackere[*~~], pp gegackert, to cackle, chatter. 
 G gackern. 
 
 gacki, gackel[*~], gackerli[*~~], n, egg (in 
 child’s talk). dG gackel. 
 
 gackrich, gackrich[*~], cackling, talkative. 
 G gackern +ig. 
 
 gacks[*], f, chatterer, tiresome talker. G 
 gacks =cackle, cackle. 
 
 gackse[*~], pp gegackst, to cackle, chatter. 
 G gacksen. 
 
 gaebt["], past subj of gewwe. G gabe. 
 
 gaeh(e)[~~], steep. G gah. 
 
 gaehre, jaehre[~~], pp gejaehrt, gejohre, to 
 ferment. G gihren. 
 
 gerde, gadde[*~], gegerdt, to whip, switch. 
 G Gerte. 
 
 Cf gfusser. 
 
 gerdel[*~], m, belt, girth, girdle, zone. G 
 Giirtel. 
 gerdle[’~], pp gegerdelt, to girdle (a tree). 
 giirteln. 
 geerdle[’~], 
 gartnern. 
 geerdler[*~], m, gardener. G Gartner. 
 
 pp gegerdelt, to garden. G 
 
 geerdli, gerdel[*~], n, little garden. Dims of 
 Garten. 
 geerdner|*~], m, gardener. G Gartner. 
 
 gern[“], willingly, gladly, be likely to; — 
 esse, to like (to eat), be fond of; — hawwe, 
 to be fond of, like; mer wolle — sehne, we 
 will await with interest. G gern. 
 
 geerscht[], gerschde[*~], m, barley. G 
 Gerste. 
 
 geert, gatt[*], f, gad, whip, switch, fishing pole. 
 G Gerte. 
 
 gerwe[*~], pp gegeerbt, to tan, give a beating. 
 G gerben. 
 
 geerwer|’~], m, tanner. G Gerber. 
 
 geerwerei|’ ~~], f, tannery. G Gerberei. 
 
 geerwer || grub[*~"], f, tanner’s vat; -loh[*~7], 
 tanbark. 
 
 geerwersgaul!*~"], m; uff em -——, afoot. G 
 Gerber +dG gaul. 
 
 gaffe[*~], pp gegaffit, to gape, stare, tell tales. 
 
 gaffen. 
 
 gafflich[*~], inattentive, fidgety. G gaffen. 
 
 gaffmaul[* "], n, tell-tale. G gaffen+G Maul. 
 
 galje[*~], m, gallows. G Galgen. 
 
 galje || dieb[*~"], m, scoundrel; -hols[*~™~], n, 
 gallows-wood; so falsch wie —, balky as 
 hell (of a horse) ;-schtrick[*~~], m, scamp; 
 -vojjel[*~~~], m, rascal. 
 
 gall(-], f, gall. G Galle. 
 
 gall[-], gallun[~*], f, gallon. G Gallone. 
 
 galleblech[*~~], n, gallon measure. G Gal- 
 lone +Blech. 
 
 galle || fiewer[*~~~], n, bilious fever; -grie” 
 {*~"], green as gall; -schtee7[*~"}, m, gall- 
 stone. 
 
 galleppel[’~~], pl, gallnuts. G Gallapfel. 
 
 Gallewoch[*~~], f, week of October 16. G 
 Gallus+Woche, although popularly asso- 
 ciated with Galle. Gallus, around whose 
 cell the town of St. Gallen grew up, is the 
 almanac saint for Oct. 16. This name has 
 become confused with G Galle (E gall) in 
 the superstition: wammer sauergraut macht 
 in der —, werd’s bitter. 
 
 galore, golopp[~*], m, gallop (nursery rhyme). 
 
 Galopp. 
 g(a)mander[’*~], m, germander. G Gaman- 
 er. 
 gamber[’~], m, camphor. G Kampfer. 
 
 gang[~], m, entry, corridor, gait, errand; im 
 —, going; eenes -s, straightway, directly. 
 G Gang. 
 
 gangbar[*"], passable. G gangbar. 
 
 gans[~], f, goose, silly person. G Gans. 
 
 gans[“], whole, quite, entire(ly). G ganz. 
 
 gansert[*~], m, gander. dG gansert. 
 
 gar[], quite, very; — nix, nothing at all; 
 
60 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 — ae not at all; — kenner, none at all. 
 
 arr if ieifirientty cooked, done. G gar. 
 garb[~ l, f, pl garwe, sheaf. G Garbe. 
 
 garde}~ i: m, garden. G Garten. 
 
 garde || bau[*~"], m, horticulture; -benedikt 
 i key blessed thistle, holy thistle; -hack . 
 [~~~], f£, garden hoe; -lilje[~~~~], f, common 
 white ‘lily; enejjli[~ ~~~, n, carnation; 
 
 -peffer|~~~~], m, sweet pepper, peppers; 
 -sach[~~~], n, vegetables, greens, garden 
 truck; -selat[*~~"], m, (cultivated) lettuce; 
 -wek[~~ J], m, garden path. 
 
 garjel[’~], f, throat, gargle, cordial; di — 
 abschneide, to cut one’s throat. G Gurgel, 
 dG gorgel. 
 
 garjel || bloser[*~"~], m, braggart; 
 [*~"~], m, tool used by coopers. 
 
 garjele[*~~], pp gegarjelt, to gargle. G 
 
 gurgeln. 
 
 garn, gorn["], n, yarn, worsted, net. G Garn. 
 
 garnschlupp[~~],m, mesh. GGarn-+Schlupf. 
 
 garsche[*~], handful. dG goschel. 
 
 gart, gatt[-], f, girth, belly-band. G Gurte. 
 
 gartezau~(~~"], m, garden-fence. G Garten- 
 zaun. (This rare word, zaunkeenich and 
 za’schlipper are the only compounds con- 
 taining the G Zaun.) Cf zau’. 
 
 gaschdich, garschdich[*~], nasty, disagreeable. 
 G garstig. 
 
 gascht[~], m, guest. G Gast. 
 
 gass[~], f, occurs (except in the contemptuous 
 meaning of a gossip) only in compounds: 
 Wassergass, Butzegass, Romigsgass, in 
 which the original meaning of (narrow) 
 street has been lost. G Gasse. 
 
 gaul["], m, horse. dG gaul (G Pferd does not 
 occur). 
 
 gaunsch["], f, swing. dG gauntsch. 
 
 gaunsche[~~], pp gegaunscht, to swing. dG 
 gauntsche. 
 
 gauze[~~], pp gegauzt, to bark (of dogs). dG 
 gauze. 
 
 gauzer[~~], m, obstinate cough. dG gauze. 
 
 Gawrel[*~], m, Gabriel. G Gabriel. 
 
 gawwel[*~], f, fork. G Gabel. 
 
 ~~], Pp gegawwelt, to fork, pitch 
 
 G gabeln. 
 
 gawwel || gras[*~"], n, finger-grass; -schtiel 
 [*~"], m, fork handle; -wekl*~"], m, fork 
 in the road; -zinke[*~~~], f, prong of a 
 fork, tine. 
 
 ge-[“], prefix: in adjectives, adverbs and 
 nouns; in a great number of verbal nouns 
 containing the idea of repetition or duration 
 (sometimes unpleasant) from which the in- 
 finitive ending has been dropped; in the 
 perfect participle of verbs (except in- 
 separable verbs); but when the verb begins 
 with f or a sibilant (also in esse) the ge- 
 becomes g-, when the verb begins with h 
 the ge-+h becomes k; in geh’, gewwe, 
 grieje, kumme, werre ge- is omitted in the 
 perfect participle. G ge-. 
 
 gebabbel[~~], n, Gace chatter or bab- 
 bling. G babbeln. 
 
 -reisser 
 
 geback[*], n, (continual) baking. G Geback. 
 gebaere[“~~ “1 pp gebore, to bear (a child), 
 give birth. G gebiren. 
 geberricks[~*~], n, mountains, mountainous 
 region. G Gebirge. 
 gebaffz, gebeffz[-*], n, barking, quarreling, 
 wrangling. G baffzen. 
 gebambel[-~~], n, dangling. dG bambele. 
 gebeck[-*], n, baked things. G Gebiick. 
 gebei[~*], n, building. G Gebaude. 
 gebeiss|~ 4" n, incessant biting or itching. G 
 beissen. 
 gebelk[’], n, beams (of a structure), frame- 
 work. G Gebalk. 
 gebeller[“*~], n, continued importuning or 
 nagging. G bdllern. 
 gebembel, gebambel|[*~], n, loitering, dilly- 
 dallying, killing time. dG bambele. 
 gebet[-*], n, prayer. G Gebet. 
 gebetbuch[” vee “], n, prayer book. G Gebet- 
 buch. 
 gebettel[~*~], n, incessant begging. G betteln. 
 gebisch[~*], n, bush, bushes. G Gebiisch. 
 gebiss[~~], n, ‘(set of) teeth, bit (of a bridle). 
 G Gebiss. 
 geblabber[’*~], n, idle talk. G 
 plappern. 
 geblerr[~*], n, (continual) bawling or lowing. 
 G plarren. 
 geblaff[-*], n, barking. G blaffen. 
 geblaschder|” *“], n, (continual) applying of 
 salve. G pflastern. 
 geblauder[“**~], n, (continual) talking, chatter, 
 talk, gossip. G plaudern. 
 gebliet[~ *], n, blood, family, relationship. G 
 Gebliit. 
 gebliet[““], n, bloom(s). G bliihen. 
 geblos[”*], n, blowing, boasting. G Geblase. 
 geblummt[*], flowered. G gebliimt. 
 geboch[~*}, n, boasting. G Gepoch. 
 geboller[~ ¥ 4 n, rumbling noise. dG bollere. 
 gebore[~~~], born; en geborni Laubach, née 
 Laubach. G geboren. 
 gebort, geburt[~~}, f, birth. G Geburt 
 teat? blatz[-*~], m, birthplace; ndak{”- =F 
 m, birthday. 
 gebott|- vp fabs bid, offer, command, command- 
 ment; di zehe -er, the Ten Commandments. 
 G Gebot. 
 gebrall[~*], n, 
 prahl. 
 gebrauch[~*], m, custom. G Gebrauch. 
 gebraus!~*], n, rustling, roaring. G Gebraus. 
 gebrebel[~~~], n, palaver, (continued) nagging. 
 dG brebele. 
 gebreddich[~*~], n, preaching, long-winded 
 talk. G predigen. 
 sera itt) “], customary. G gebrauch- 
 ic 
 gebrill[’*], n, (continued) crying or bawling. 
 G Gebrill. 
 gebritscht[-*], knocked out, done up, ex- 
 hausted. G gepritscht <pritschen. 
 gebrutz[~*], n, pouting, sulking. dG brutzen. 
 gebrumm|[~*], n, (continued) buzzing. G Ge- 
 brumm., 
 
 chatter, 
 
 (continual) boasting. G Ge- 
 
 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 61 
 
 gebrummel[~*~], n, low murmuring, rumor. 
 G Gebrummel. 
 
 See n, bundle (of straw). G Ge- 
 
 und 
 
 geck[] (rare), nosey, prying. G keck. 
 
 gedanke[~*~], m, thought, idea; sich — 
 mache, to worry. G Gedanke. 
 
 gedankelos[~*~ ~], unthinking, scatter-brained. 
 G gedankenlos. 
 
 gedankevoll[~*~~!, thoughtful, contemplative. 
 G gedankenvoll. 
 
 gedans[~*], n, (continual) dancing. G Ge- 
 tanz. 
 
 gedaucht[“*], stooped. G tauchen. 
 
 gedechtnis[~*~], mn, memory, remembrance. 
 G Gedachtnis. 
 
 gedechtnisdak[’’~"], m, memorial day. G 
 Gediachtnistag. 
 
 gedeihe[“*~], pp gediehe, to prosper, succeed. 
 G gedeihen. 
 
 gedenke|~*~], to remember: 
 noch —. G gedenken. 
 
 gedicht[’*], n, poem. G Gedicht. 
 
 gedichtich{’ *~], gedicht[-], thoroughly, se- 
 verely. G tiichtig, dG gedichtig. 
 
 gedier[~ a, n, pl gediere, gedierz, animal. G 
 
 tier. 
 
 gediereausschtopper[~~~ ~~~ ], m, taxidermist. 
 G Getier +Ausstopfer. 
 
 gedimme][~*~], n, din. G Getiimmel. 
 
 gedob[-*], n, (continued) roaring, disturbance 
 or raging. G Getobe. 
 
 gedratsch[’‘], n, (continual) gadding. G 
 Getratsch. 
 
 gedrei[~*], gedreilich{-~~], faithful(ly), true, 
 good-hearted. G getreu. 
 
 gedrenk[~*], n, beverage, drink, liquor. G 
 Getrank. 
 
 du muscht der 
 
 gedrink[~*], n, carousing, (act of) drinking. 
 
 G trinken. 
 
 gedrippel[“*~], n, (continual) tramping or 
 pitapat of feet. G Getrippel. 
 
 gedrops[~*], n, (continual) dropping or drip- 
 ping. dG dropse. 
 
 gedroscht[“~], meek, down-cast, confidently. 
 G getrost. 
 
 gedrucktes[~*~], n, print, printing: 
 — net lese. G Gedrucktes. 
 
 gedu~, geduns[~*], n, goings on, affairs. G 
 
 tue. 
 gedu~, gedun{~*], m, calico. G Kattun. 
 gedudel[~*~], n, monotonous musical per- 
 
 ich kann 
 
 formance. G Gedudel. 
 
 geduld[~*], f, patience. G Geduld. 
 
 geduldich[~~~], patient, gentle (of animals). 
 -G geduldig. 
 
 geduldichkeet[’*~"], f, patience. G Gedul- 
 digkeit. 
 
 gedummel[~*~], n, subdued noise. G Ge- 
 tummel. 
 
 gedumor[~~*], n, noise, confusion. Cf dumor. 
 
 gedunich[~*~], (of) calico. G kattunen. 
 
 gedunner[~*~], n, thundering, noise, racket. 
 G donnern. 
 
 geedel{~~], n, god-mother. dG geidl, 
 
 of Gote. 
 
 dim 
 
 geeschel[*~], f, whip, lash. G Geissel. 
 
 geeschel || schnur[*~ “], f, cracker of a horse- 
 whip; -schtock[*~~], m, whip-stock. 
 
 geeschle[*~], pp gegeeschelt, to whip, lash, 
 scourge. G geisseln. 
 
 geess["], m, goat. G Geiss. 
 
 geess || part|~ “], m, goatee; -blatt[~"], n, clim- 
 bing honeysuckle; -bock[*™], m, he- -goat; 
 zledder[*~™~], n, goatskin, morocco. 
 
 g(e)fressich{’’~], voracious. G gefrissig. 
 
 gefucker[~*~], n, to-do. G ge+dG fuggere. 
 
 gefunnenes|’ “~*~, en, a foundling, waif. G 
 Gefundenes. 
 
 gegacks[~~], n, incessant cackling or chatter- 
 ing. G gacksen. 
 
 gegeik[~*], n, (constant) fiddling or fidgeting. 
 G Gegeige. 
 
 gegicker[~*~], n, giggling. G Gekicker. 
 
 geglak[“~], n, constant complaining. G Ge- 
 klage. 
 
 geglepper[~*~], n, rattling, noise. G Ge- 
 klapper. 
 
 geglopp[“*], m, (constant) hammering. G 
 
 eklopfe. 
 
 geglucks|~*], n, (constant) clucking. G Ge- 
 gluckse. 
 
 gegnarr[~*], n, (constant) growling or grum- 
 bling. G Geknurr. 
 
 gegnawwer[~*~], n, (continual) nibbling. G 
 Geknabber. 
 
 gegnicks[~*], n, miserliness, haggling. G 
 knickern. 
 gegnuff[~*], nm, (continual) pommeling or 
 
 quarreling. G knuffen. 
 
 gegnuschder[~*~], n, being occupied with 
 trifles. Probably G knuspern. 
 
 gegratz|~~*], n, (constant) scratching. G Ge- 
 kratz. 
 
 gegrauns[~"], gegruns[“*], n, (constant) com- 
 plaining, indistinct speaking. G Gegrunze. 
 
 gegrawwel[-*~], n, crawling, sensation of 
 crawling insects. G Gekrabbel. 
 
 gegrecks|[~*], n, (continual) grunting or ailing. 
 G Gekriachze. 
 
 gegreider, gekreider[~~~], pl, herbs. G ge+ 
 Krauter. 
 
 gegreisch[~~], n, loud calling, yelling, ado. 
 G Gekreisch. 
 
 gegrisch[~~], n, yelling, howling, report, 
 rumor: gross — un wennich woll. G 
 Gekreisch. 
 
 gegritzel[~*~], n, scribbling. G Gekritzel. 
 
 geguck[~*], n, (continued) gazing or gaping. 
 G gucken. 
 
 gegwacker[~*~], n, quacking, chattering. G 
 Gequake. 
 
 geh["], pp gange, to go; verlore —, to get 
 lost; gehschde mer! in chasing a dog away. 
 Note forms: no gehn ich, mer gehne. G 
 
 gehen. 
 
 geharriche[’*~*], pp karricht, to obey. G 
 
 gehorchen. 
 
 geheem, geheim[~~], mysterious, under- 
 handed. G geheim. 
 
 geheere[“~~], pp gekeert, keert, to belong, 
 pertain. G gehéren. 
 
62 The Pennsyloania-German Soctety 
 
 geheerich[~*“], thoroughly: zr hott’n — 
 abgegerbt. G gehorig. 
 geheil[*], n, eontiiueds howling or crying. 
 
 G Geheul. 
 
 geheimnis, geheemnis[’~~], nm, secret. G 
 Geheimnis. 
 
 gehl["], yellow. G gelb, dG gehl. 
 
 gehl || brau~[~"], tawny; -kopp[*~], m, cop- 
 
 perhead ire te -rieb[~ 1 f Powild) carrot; 
 -sucht[*~], f, jaundice; -warzel[~~~], f, wild 
 yam; -wasser|~~ “], n, edema; -weide[~~~], 
 m, f, golden willow; -weschp[~~], f, yellow- 
 jacket; -(G-)woch[*~], f, yellow week. 
 
 gehlich[*~], yellowish, jaundiced. G gelb+ 
 ig. 
 
 gehlwassergraut|~~~"], n, 
 gelb + Wasser +Kraut. 
 
 gehorsam[~*~], dutiful, obedient, submissive. 
 G gehorsam. 
 
 gehorsam|~~~], m, obedience. G Gehorsam. 
 
 gehorsamkeit|~~~"], f, obedience. G Gehor- 
 samkeit. 
 
 geier[~~], m, vulture. G Geier. 
 
 geije[~~], pp gegeikt, to fiddle, fidget, be 
 restive (of horses); uff un ab —, to seesaw. 
 G geigen. 
 
 geije || boje[~~~~], m, violin bow; -hals[*~~], 
 m, neck of a violin; -macher[~~ ~~], m, violin- 
 maker; -saddel[~~~*], m, violin bridge; 
 -saet[~~"], f, violin string. 
 
 geik["], f, fiddle, violin. G Geige. 
 
 geilche, geili[*~], n, horsey, nag. Dims of G 
 Gaul. 
 
 geils || balsem[*~~], m, horse mint; -deck[~~], 
 f, light cover for horses in fly-time; -dieb 
 
 ~“], m, horse-thief; -dokter[~~~], m, veter- 
 
 inarian; -dreck|~~], m, horse dung; -fleesch 
 [~"], n, horse-meat, horses; -fuder[~~~], n 
 horse-feed; -geeschel[*~~], f, horsewhip; 
 -granket|~~~], f, distemper, epizootic; = 
 gscherr[~~], n, harness; -gsicht[*~], n, 
 kind of mask; -hoor[*"], f, horse-hair; 
 -kescht|~~], f, horse chestnut; -kimmel 
 amt PEF stramonium, thorn- apple; zkopp 
 [~~], m, horse’s head; -mann[*~], m, dealer 
 in or handler of horses, lover of horses; 
 -mischt[~~], m, horse manure; -schtall[*~], 
 m, horse stable; -schwans[*~], m, horse’s 
 
 pipsissema. G 
 
 tail; -tee[~"], m, sweet fern; -warzel[*~~], 
 f, horse-balm; -zwiwwel[*~~], f, Jack-in- 
 the-pulpit. 
 
 geilsgscheerrachtang[*~*], f, gear-pole. dG 
 geils +G Geschirr +Stange. 
 geischt, geescht["], m, spirit, mind, apparition. 
 G Geist. 
 geischtlich[*~], spiritual, 
 
 priestly, parson’s. 
 G geistlich. 
 
 geiz[” ], m, avarice. G Geiz. 
 geize(*~], pp gegeizt, to be stingy, scrimp. G 
 geizen. 
 
 geizhals[*~], m, miser. G Geizhals. 
 
 geizich[~~], stingy, miserly. G geizig. 
 
 gejacker|~*~], n, (continual) jogging or driving 
 about. G jackern. 
 
 gejak[~~], (continual) fast driving, hunting. 
 G Gejage. 
 
 gejammer[~*~], gejaemer[““~], n, (constant, 
 moaning or lamenting. G Gejammer. 
 gejel AF gejjel” “], toward, against. G gegen. 
 
 geje deel[*~ "], n, Opposite, contrary; er is 
 immer’s —, he is always contrary. G 
 Gegenteil. 
 
 gejehalte[*~~~], gejekalte, to oppose, remind. 
 
 gegenhalten. 
 
 gejehaltung[~~~~], f, objection. G Gegen- 
 haltung. 
 
 gejem[~~] =geje em. 
 
 gejemittel[“~~~], n, antidote. G Gegen- 
 
 mittel. 
 
 gejenanner[*~~~], opposite or towards each 
 other or one ‘another, opposed; sie sin 
 immer —, they are always at odds. G 
 gegeneinander. 
 
 gejend[*~], f, region, neighborhood, vicinity. 
 
 Gegend. 
 
 gejeniwwer|~~*~], opposite. 
 
 geje(n)weertich[~~~~], present. 
 tig. 
 
 gejes[~~] =geje es. 
 
 gejeschtand[~~~], m, object, subject. 
 genstand. 
 
 gejewart[*~~], f, presence, present time. G 
 Gegenwart. 
 
 gejich[~~], towards. G gegen. 
 
 gejner[~~], m, adversary, opponent. 
 ner. 
 
 gejohi[~*], n, continued yelling. G Gejohle. 
 
 gejuck[~~], n, jerking, fidgeting. G Gejuck. 
 
 gejux[’*], n, shouting, skylarking. G juxen. 
 
 gekau[~*], n, ; chewing (alsotherag). Gkauen. 
 
 gekreidersupp[“-~~], f, vegetable soup. G 
 ge +Krauter +Suppe. 
 
 gelach[~~], n, (continued) laughing, laughter. 
 G Gelach. 
 
 gelerm|[**], n, noise, ado. G Gelarm. 
 
 gelernt[“’], learned. G gelernt. 
 
 gelaf[-“], n, (constant) walking or gadding. 
 G Gelaufe. 
 
 gelammedier[’~~~], n, (continued) lamenting, 
 outcry. G lamentieren. 
 
 geld[-], n, money. G Geld. 
 
 geld | graut[*"], n, moneywort; -maschien 
 {*~"], f, money making proposition or 
 scheme; -sache[*~~], pl, money matters; 
 -sack[*~], m, purse; -summ|[*~], f, sum of 
 money, fund. 
 
 gelechter[“*~], n, laughter. G Gelachter. 
 
 sg te “], n, importunate coaxing. G Ge- 
 eck 
 
 gelehrsamkeit[-~~"], f, learning, learnedness. 
 G Gelehrsamkeit. 
 
 gelehrt(~~], learned. G gelehrt. Cf gelernt. 
 
 gelehrter[~*~], m, scholar. G Gelehrter. 
 
 geleier[~~~], n, (repeating) the same old story 
 or complaint. G Geleier. 
 
 geleitert[’~~], rectified, refined. G lautern. 
 
 geleje[’~~], opportune. G gelegen. 
 
 gelejjeheit[“*~"], gelejenheit(~~~], f, oppor- 
 tunity, occasion. G Gelegenheit. 
 
 gelek[~~], n, geleck[~*], n, layer. G Gelege. 
 
 gelender, gelander[’*~], n, railing, banisters. 
 G Gelander. 
 
 G gegeniiber. 
 G gegenwar- 
 
 G Ge- 
 
 Cf geje. 
 G Geg- 
 

 
 Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 63 
 
 geles{ |, n, act of reading, much reading. G 
 
 ese. 
 
 gelind[~*], mild, gentle. G gelind. 
 
 geling[~*], n, heart, liver and lights of a 
 slaughtered animal, haslet. G Geling. 
 
 gell[~ te gelle, gelte[* ai not so, say (implying 
 an affirmative answer). G gelt. 
 
 gelschderich[*~~], (easily) frightened, scared, 
 terror-stricken. dG gelschterig. 
 
 gelse[*~], pp gegelst, to castrate. G gelzen. 
 
 gelser[*~], m, gelder, unskillful surgeon. G 
 Gelzer. 
 
 gelte, gelde[*~], pp gegolte, to pass (for), 
 amount to, be accepted; — losse, to admit; 
 gilt nix, is void. G gelten. 
 
 gemachti[’*~] sau, en, a perfect hog (of a 
 person). G gemacht. 
 
 gemad[~~], f, swath. dG gemade. 
 
 gemahne[~~~], pp gemahnt, to remind. G 
 gemahnen. 
 
 gemasser[~*~], n, mixture, gnarl or knot (in 
 
 wood). G Maser. 
 gemech[~*], n, male sexual organs. G Ge- 
 miachte. 
 gemechlich[~*~], easy, comfortable. G ge- 
 
 machlich. 
 
 gemee“[~*], f, congregation; di — A’nemme, 
 to join the congregation. G Gemeinde. 
 
 gemeenerhand[~~~™~], usually, as a rule, most- 
 ly. G gemein+Hand. 
 
 gemeenichlich[-~~~], as a rule, usually. G 
 gemeiniglich. 
 
 gemeensglied[“~"], n, member of a congrega- 
 tion, church member. G Gemeindeglied. 
 
 gemec™ I schaft["~~], f, community, union; 
 -scheftlich[“*~~], in common, union; -schul 
 [-*"], £, church school. 
 
 gemein{~“], incommon. G gemein. 
 
 gemeindlich[~~~], in common, congregational. 
 G Gemeinde +lich. 
 
 gemeinheet[~*"],f, vulgarity. GGemeinheit. 
 
 gemeinschaft[~~~], f, fellowship. G Gemein- 
 schaft. 
 
 gemelk[~ *], n, udder, the act of milking, (ever- 
 lasting) milking. G Gemelke. 
 
 gemetzel[“*~], n, carnage. G Gemetzel. 
 
 g(e)mies|~~], n, vegetables. G Gemiise. 
 
 gemiet[“~], n, mood, mind. G Gemiit. 
 
 gemietlich[“~~], comfortable, cozy, pleasant, 
 soul-satisfying, easy-going, down-hearted. 
 G gemiitlich. 
 
 gemietsort[~~~], f, disposition, character. G 
 Gemiitsart. 
 
 gemisch[~*], n, mixture, medley. G Gemisch. 
 
 gemummel[’*~], n, (constant) mumbling. G 
 Gemummel. 
 
 gemunkel[~*~], n, subdued or unintelligible 
 grumbling. G munkeln. 
 
 genadurt[-~~], (bees), of a (surly or bad) dis- 
 position. G Natur. 
 
 gena, genau[~~], exact, accurate. G genau. 
 
 genaeh[’*], n, sewing, sewed articles. G 
 Genahe. 
 
 geneicht[~*], apt to, inclined. G geneigt. 
 
 genetz[~*],n, omentum. G Genetz. 
 
 genischt[“~], n, tangle of weeds or brush. G 
 Genist. 
 
 gens || blumm[*~], f, oxeye daisy; -dreck[*~], 
 m, goose dung; alle —, every trifle; -fedder 
 [*~~], f, quill; -fett[*~], n, goosefat; -fuss 
 [*"], m, goose’s foot, pentagram, girl’s 
 game; -hals[*~], m, goose’s neck, long- 
 necked person; -haut[*"], f, gooseflesh 
 (from cold or fear); -joch[*~], n, yoke put 
 on geese to prevent them from creeping 
 redaa fences; -wei~[*~], m, water, Adam’s 
 ale. 
 
 genserich[*~~], m, gander. G Géanserich. 
 
 genslich[*~], entirely. G ganzlich. 
 
 genunk[~*], enough, sufficient. 
 genung. 
 
 gepeif[-~], n, (continued) whistling. G Ge- 
 pfeife. 
 
 gepischber[~*~], n, (continued) whispering. 
 
 gepisc 
 
 gepulschder[~*~], n, pad, stuffing, puffery. 
 G ge +Polster. 
 
 gepuschdurt[*~*], of a certain build and 
 stature; gut —, well-built, shapely. dG 
 puschtur. 
 
 gequael[““], n, (continual) tormenting or 
 worrying. G Gequile. 
 
 geraetschaft[“~~], f, implements, articles. G 
 Geratschaft. 
 
 gerappel[’*~], n, (continued) rattling. G 
 Gerappel. 
 
 gerascht[“~], courageous, 
 dG gerascht. 
 
 gerassel[~*~], n, rattling. G Gerassel. 
 
 gerausch[’~], n, roaring or rustling. G 
 rauschen. 
 
 gerecht[“*], just, 
 gerecht. 
 
 gerechterweis[-*~"], in justice, rightly. G 
 gerechter Weise. 
 
 gerechtichkeet[-*~"], f, justice, righteousness. 
 G Gerechtigkeit. 
 
 gerede[“~~] voll, full: es leit — mit eppel. 
 dG gerere voll. Cf geruddelt. 
 
 gereie[“~~], pp gereit, to rue, regret. G ge- 
 reuen. 
 
 gereisch[~*], n, slight noise. G Gerausch. 
 
 geretsch[~*], n, slanderous gossip. dG rat- 
 
 G genug, 
 
 strong, healthy. 
 
 equitable, righteous. G 
 
 schen. 
 gericht[-*], n, court (obsolete). G Gericht. 
 gericht[~~], n, mess, viands. Gericht. 
 
 geriddelt|’ “ | =geruddelt. 
 
 gering[~~], slight. G gering. 
 
 geringelt[-*~], curled. G geringelt. 
 
 gerinne[~*~], pp gerunne, to coagulate, curdle 
 (of milk), clot (of blood). G gerinnen. 
 
 gerischt[~*], n, scaffold, walking frame of a 
 sawmill. G Geriist. 
 
 gerischthols[’*~], n, putlog. G .Geriist + 
 Holz. 
 
 gerode[“~~], pp gerode, to turn out; gut —, 
 to thrive, turn out well, yield well; es is 
 ihm net —, he did not succeed; en gut 
 gerodner soh”, a son who turned out well. 
 G geraten. 
 
64 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 geros|~~], n, frolicing. dG rose. 
 
 gerranne[~*~], f, geranium. G Geranium. 
 
 geruch[~’], m, odor. G Geruch. 
 
 geruddelt, geriddelt|**~] voll, completely 
 covering the ground (as of apples or pota- 
 toes): es leit — voll. dG geruddelt. 
 
 gerumpel[~*~], n, noise, rumbling. G Gerum- 
 pel. 
 
 gerussel[’*~], n, drizzle. G Geriesel. 
 
 Gertrudsdak[*~~], m, Gertrude’s Day (Mar. 
 17). G Gertrud +Tag. 
 
 geschder[*~], yesterday. G gestern. 
 
 geschdrowed[~~~], last evening. G gestern 
 abend. 
 
 gescheftich[’’~], busy. G geschaftig. 
 
 geschenk[~*], gschenk[-], n, present. G 
 Geschenk. 
 
 geschleck[-*] =gschleck. Q. v. 
 
 geschrei[~~] =gschrei. Q. v. 
 
 gesell[-*], m, companion. G Gesell. 
 
 gesetz[~~], n, commandment, law. G Gesetz. 
 
 gesing|[~*] =gsing. Q. v. 
 
 gess[~], n, (act of) eating: soen—. Gessen. 
 
 gettlich[*~], divine, godly. G géttlich. 
 
 gewachsner[’*~], en, an adult. G gewachsen. 
 
 gewackel[~*~], n, (continual) wabbling or 
 shaking. G Gewackel. 
 
 gewaehre[~~~] losse, to let alone, allow to 
 continue, give free scope. G gewdhren. 
 
 gewerb[~*], gwerb[*], n, joint, node (of a 
 plant). G Gewerbe. 
 
 gewerrt[~’], mixed, tangled; — schtroh, 
 straw as it comes from the thresher. G 
 
 wirren. 
 gewerz|~*], n, spices. G Gewiirz. 
 gewahr[~~] werre, to become aware. G 
 
 gewahr. 
 
 gewalt[~*], f, power, violence. G Gewalt. 
 
 gewaltich[~*~], powerful; very. G gewaltig. 
 
 gewaltichlich[“*~~], mightily. G gewaltiglich. 
 
 gewaltsam[~*~], violent. G gewaltsam. 
 
 gewandt[~*], handy. G gewandt. 
 
 geweb[~*], n, activity. GG Gewebe. 
 
 gewebb[’’], n, web. G Gewebe. 
 
 gewechs[~~], n, plant, tumor. G Gewéachs. 
 
 gewefz[~*], n, continual barking (of a small 
 dog). dG wefze. 
 
 gewehne[“~~], pp gewehnt, to accustom. G 
 gewohnen. 
 
 gewehnet[~~], f, habit. G Gewohnheit. 
 
 gewehnlich[~~~], gewehnichlich|[-~~~], 
 monly, ordinarily. G gewdhnlich. 
 
 gewehr[~*], gwehr[], n, gun, weapon. G 
 gewehr. 
 
 gewelb[~*], n, arch, vault. G Gewdlbe. 
 
 gewelbt[“*], arched. G gewdlbt. 
 
 gewelk[~*], n, clouds. G Gewidlk. 
 
 gewelsch[~*], n, jabbering. G welschen. 
 
 gewesch{~*], n, (continual) washing. G Ge- 
 wasche. 
 
 gewesser[~*~], n, flood; dunner uns —, con- 
 found it! G Gewédsser. 
 
 gewessers|~ ~~], (gar), deucedly. 
 wetters. 
 
 gewewwer|*~], n, 
 gewewwer. 
 
 com- 
 
 Imitation of 
 
 bustling activity. dG 
 
 gewichst[~*], waxed, clever, bright. G wichs- 
 
 en. 
 gewicht[-*], n, weight. G Gewicht. 
 gewichtich[~*~], weighty. G gewichtig. 
 gewichtschtee*[~*"], m, weight. G Gewicht- 
 stein. 
 gewiehl[**], n, (continued) rooting or rum- 
 maging. Gewiihl. 
 gewilbert[“’~], n, game. G Ge+Wildbret. 
 gewimmer[~*~], n, swarming. G Gewimmer. 
 gewinn|~’], m, gain. G Gewinn. 
 gewinn[~*], f, thread of a screw. G Gewinde. 
 gewinne[“*~], pp gewunne, to win, gain. G 
 gewinnen. 
 
 gewinner[-’~], m, winner, gainer. G Gewin- 
 ner. 
 
 gewinsel[**~], n, (continued) whining. G 
 Gewinsel. 
 
 gewiss[-’], certain(ly), indeed; (so) — ich 
 leb, so — as alles, really, truly, sure as I’m 
 alive. G gewiss. 
 
 g(e)wisse[’*~], n, conscience. G Gewissen. 
 
 gewisselos[~*~~], conscienceless. G gewissen- 
 
 los. 
 
 gewisse(n)haft[-*~~], conscientious. G ge- 
 wissenhaft. ; 
 
 gewisslich[~*~], certainly: es is — an der 
 zeit. G gewisslich. 
 
 g(e)witter[“*~], mn, thunder-storm. G Ge- 
 witter. 
 
 gewitter || rejje[’-’~~~], m, thunder-shower; 
 -rut[-’~"], f, lightning rod; -schtarm[~*~~], 
 m, thunder-storm; -schtee*[~*~~], m, small 
 round glacial stone believed to have been 
 hurled in a bolt of lightning; -schtreech 
 [-*~"], m, thunderbolt; -wolk[-*~~], f, 
 thunder cloud. 
 
 gewittre[’*~], pp gewittert, to thunder, 
 threaten thunder-storms. G gewittern. 
 
 g(e)wittrich[-*~], threatening thunderstorms. 
 G gewitterig. 
 
 gewohnheit[*~~], f, custom. G Gewohnheit. 
 Cf gewehnet. 
 
 gewwel[’~], pp gewwe, to give; was hott’s —, 
 what has happened; was gebt’s neies, 
 what’s the news; er hott mer di schuld 
 —, he laid the blame on me; do gebt’s nix 
 draus, it will come to nothing, I won’t 
 allow it. G geben. 
 
 gezacker[~*~], n, (constant) driving about, 
 tiresome driving about, gadding. G Ge- 
 zacker. 
 
 gezackt[~*], indented, toothed. G gezackt. 
 
 gezerr[~*], n, (continual) teasing. G Gezerre. 
 
 gezerrick(s)[“*~], n, district, section. G 
 
 ezirk. 
 
 gezak[~~], n., hesitation. G zagen. 
 
 gezank[~*], n, (constant) scolding. G Ge- 
 zanke. 
 
 gezawwel[’*~], n, (continual) struggling or 
 wriggling about. G Gezappel. 
 
 gezewwel[-*~], n, commotion; jung —, young 
 people, children. dG gezeppel. 
 
 geziffer[-*~], n, insects, vermin. G Geziefer. 
 
 geziffer[-*~], n, markings made with a pencil 
 or pen, calculations. G Ge +Ziffer. 
 
Pennsyloania-German Dictionary 65 
 
 gezojje[-’~], drawn, rifled (of a gun), (well-) 
 trained (of a child). G gezogen. 
 gezwacker[~*~], n, qualm, twinge. 
 
 en. 
 gezwillicht[-*~], twilled. G Zwillich. 
 gfach[*], n, panel or rail section of a fence. 
 
 G Fach. 
 gfaehrlich[~~], dangerous. G gefahrlich. 
 G Gefahrlich- 
 
 Aretha ahaa ~~], f, danger. 
 
 gfalle[*~], m, favor. G Gefallen. 
 
 gfalle[*~], pp gfalle, to like, suit, be satisfied 
 with: es hott mer gut —. G gefallen. 
 
 gfahr[], f, danger. G Gefahr. 
 
 gfahr["], n, driving, hauling, continual driving. 
 G Gefahre. 
 
 G zwack- 
 
 gfamt["]. See farme. 
 gfangner[’~], m, en, a prisoner. G Gefang- 
 ener. 
 
 gfarz[~|, n, farting. G Gefurze. 
 
 gfecht|"], n, (continual) fighting or quarreling. 
 G Gefecht. 
 
 gfelkt[-], fallowed. G felgen. 
 
 gfellich[*~], obliging, agreeable. G gefallig. 
 
 gfellichkeet[*~"], f, favor. G Gefalligkeit. 
 
 gfelscht[-], counterfeited, alloyed. G ge- 
 falscht. 
 
 gfengnis[*~], n, prison. G Gefangnis. 
 
 gfess[~], n, vessel, receptacle. G Gefiss. 
 
 gfiehl["], n, feeling, sense of touch, repeated 
 act of feeling or touching. G Gefiihl. 
 
 gfiehllos[~"], torpid, without feeling. G 
 gefiihllos. 
 gflacker[*~], n, (continual) flickering. G 
 Geflacker. 
 
 gflick[~], n, (continual) mending. G Geflicke. 
 
 gfluch[*], n, (continual) cursing. G Gefluche. 
 
 gformt[“], shaped, formed. G geformt. 
 
 gfrees[], n, miscellaneous articles, trash. dG 
 gefrais =Krampel <Kram. 
 
 gfress[“], n, mouth, ugly face, mug. dG 
 gfrass, gfress. 
 
 gfress[~], n, immoderate eating, excellent food. 
 G Gefresse. 
 
 gfrok["], n, constant questioning. G Gefrage. 
 
 gfrornes[~~], n, frozen delicacies. G Ge- 
 frorenes. 
 
 gfunne[~*~], found. G gefunden. 
 
 gfusser, fusser[*~], n, fuzz. G Fussel. 
 
 gicht[“], f, gout. G Gicht. 
 
 gichtre[’~], pl, convulsions (also occurs in sing: 
 ee” gichter noch der annere). G Gichter. 
 
 gichtros[’ "], f, peony. G Gichtrose. 
 
 gichtroseschtock[*~~~], m, peony plant. G 
 Gichtrose +Stock. 
 
 gickelche[*~™~], n, chickey. Dim of G Gickel. 
 
 gickere, kickere[*~~], pp gegickert, to giggle, 
 snicker. G gickern. 
 
 gickerigi, guckerigu[~~~~], m, cock-a-doodle- 
 do, rooster. G gickerigi. 
 
 gickle[~~], pp gegickelt, to giggle. G gickeln. 
 
 gickse[*~], giekse[~~], pp gegickst, to poke at, 
 dig (around) in, stick, sting, nudge in the 
 ribs. dG gieksen. 
 
 7 
 
 gickser[*~], m, sting (of an insect), hiccough. 
 dG giekser. 
 
 gierich[~“], voracious, avaricious. G gierig. 
 
 giesse[~~], pp gegosse, to sprinkle, pour, cast. 
 G giessen, 
 
 giesser[~ “],m, moulder. G Giesser. 
 
 giesskann|~ ae f, sprinkling can. G Giess- 
 kanne. 
 
 giesskannekopp[~~~~], m, sprinkler of a 
 sprinkling can. G Giesskanne +Kopf. 
 
 gift["], n, poison, poison ivy, ivy poisoning; 
 ran —, poisonivy. G Gift. 
 
 gift || baschdnad|’"], f, wild parsnip; - 
 schwamm|* “], m, toadstool. 
 
 giftich[’ ~], poisonous. G giftig. 
 
 giftichkeet(|*~"], f, virulence. G Giftigkeit. 
 
 gilbse[*~], pp gegilbst, to yell, shout. G 
 gellen. 
 
 gilleri[*~~], m, killdeer. Onomat. 
 
 gilt[“], 3d sing Bigs of gelte. G gilt. 
 
 gimpel[* “],m, dunce. G Gimpel. 
 
 ginni || hinkel[*~~~], n, guinea fowl; -seiche 
 *~~], n, guinea pig. 
 
 gippel[*~], m, top, summit. G Gipfel. 
 
 gips[~], m, gypsum. G Gips. 
 
 gipse[*~], pp gegipst, to sow (a field) with 
 gypsum, term applied to the sickling of 
 grain by small children (EH). G gipsen. 
 
 gipser[*~], m, term applied to a tow-headed 
 child who accompanied his parents to the 
 harvest-field and cut grain with the sickle 
 as he was able (EH). G Gipser. 
 
 gitar[~“], f, guitar. G Gitarre. 
 
 giwwel, gewwell*~], m, gable. G Giebel. 
 
 G Giebel+ 
 
 giwwelend[*~~], n, gable-end. 
 Ende. 
 
 glabensbekenntnis[~~~~~], n, confession of 
 faith. G Glaubensbekenntnis. 
 
 glablich[~~], credible. G glaublich. 
 
 glaech, Baie ],.m, link, dG glaech. 
 
 glaff, klaff[‘], f, key (of a piano or organ). 
 G Klave. 
 
 glaje, klaje[“~], pp geglakt, to complain, 
 lament, be indisposed. G klagen. 
 
 glak, klak[” ], f, complaint. G Klage. 
 
 glamm, klamm|”], f, clothes-pin, ee, G 
 Klammer. 
 
 glammhoke, klammhoke[* ~~], m, crane-hook, 
 dog (in lumbering). G Klammerhaken. 
 
 glans[~], m, lustre, splendor, glitter. G Glanz. 
 
 glappe, klappe[*~], pp geglappt, to tally, agree, 
 clap (hands). G klappen. 
 
 glas["], n, glass. G Glas. 
 
 glas || ak|“ Rin; saa eye; -graut[~"], n, nae 
 touch-me-not; richweed; -karrell(~~*], 
 glass bead; -schank|[* “], m, china Sea : 
 -voll[*~], n, glass(ful). 
 
 glase[~~], (made) of glass. G glasern. 
 
 glatsch[“], f, gossiping woman. G Klatsche. 
 
 glatt[“], smooth, slippery, sleek, insinuating; 
 net arrick — hergeh’, to keep house in a 
 Ae manner, act rudely or boorishly. 
 
 glatt | bic bichs[* “], £, smooth-bore rifle; -eis[*‘], 
 n, glazed ice on ground and trees, ice-storm. 
 
66 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 glavier[~~],n, piano. G Klavier. 
 
 glawe[~~], pp geglabt, to believe, think, sup- 
 pose. G glauben. 
 
 glawe[*~], m, belief, faith, creed. G Glauben. 
 
 glebich[*~], sticky. G klebrich. 
 
 glee, klee["], m, clover; roder —, red clover; 
 weisser —, white clover; grosser roder —, 
 mammoth clover. G Klee. 
 
 glee~, klee*["], small; beim gleene, at retail; 
 gleene zwiwwle, onion sets; en gleenes, a 
 baby, small child; iwwer en gleenes, ‘‘yet 
 a little while.’ G klein. 
 
 glee || blatt[-~], n, clover leaf; -blumm|[~~], 
 f, clover flower, globe amaranth; -butzer 
 [~~~], m, clover huller; -feld[+~], n, clover 
 field; -hoi[*~], n, clover hay; -kopp[~~], m, 
 clover flower; -schprau[~~], f, clover chaff; 
 -schtengel[*~~], m, clover stalk; -some, 
 -sume[~~~], m, clover seed; -wasem|[~~~], 
 m, clover sod. 
 
 gleed[], n, garment; pl -er, clothes. G 
 Kleid. 
 
 gleede, kleede[~~], pp gegleedt, to clothe. 
 
 kleiden. 
 
 gleeder || beerscht[*~™~], f, clothes brush; -hoke 
 [~~"~], m, clothes hook; skammer[*~~™], 
 wardrobe, clothes closet; -schtubb[*~~], f, 
 room for hanging up clothes. 
 
 glee~glidderich[~~~~], smalllimbed. G klein- 
 gliederig. 
 
 gleenichkeet[*~*], f, trifle. G Kleinigkeit. 
 
 gleenischlangewarzel|"~’~~~], f, seneca snake 
 root. G klein +Schlangenwurzel. 
 
 glees["], m, track of a wagon, rut. G Geleis. 
 
 glei[’], soon, without delay, at once. G 
 
 gleich. 
 gleich["], equal, alike, like, same. G gleich. 
 gleichdeitend[*~~], synonymous. G gleich- 
 
 deutig. 
 
 gleiche[~~], pp gegliche, to like, love. The E 
 adj like (similar) is gleich in PG; a verb 
 ie formed from this adj for the verb to 
 like. 
 
 gleicherweis[*~~], likewise. 
 
 gleichewert|~~"], n, par value. 
 Wert. 
 
 gleich ||fellich[* ~~], equally ; -fermich[* ~~], uni- 
 form; -gewicht[*~~], n, equilibrium; -giltich 
 [~~~], unconcerned; -giltichkeit[~~ ~~], indif- 
 ference; -gsinnt[~~], likeminded; -lafend 
 [~~~], parallel; -zeitich[~~~], simultaneous. 
 
 gleichheet, gleichheit[*~], f, parity, equality. 
 G Gleichheit. 
 
 gleichnis[~~], n, parable. G Gleichnis. 
 
 gleie, kleie[~~], f, bran, shorts. G Kleie. 
 
 glemm, klemm|*], f, pinch, quandary, dilem- 
 ma, scrape. G Klemme. 
 
 glemme, klemme|[*~], pp geglemmt, to pinch; 
 sich der finger —, to pinch one’s finger. 
 G klemmen. 
 
 glenner[*~], smaller. G kleiner. 
 
 glennscht[], smallest. G kleinst. 
 
 glense([*~], pp geglenst, to glitter, shine. G 
 glanzen. 
 
 glensend[*~], shining, resplendent. 
 zend. 
 
 G gleicherweise. 
 G gleich + 
 
 G glin- 
 
 glensich{*™], brilliant. dG glanzig. 
 
 gleppre, kleppre[*~], pp gegleppert, to rattle, 
 beat (eggs). G klappern, klappern. 
 
 glepprich, klepprich[*~], rattling. G klapprig. 
 
 glessak[*"], n, wall-eye. G Glasauge. 
 
 glessel, glessli[*~], n, little glass(ful). 
 of G Glas. 
 
 glessern[*~], vitreous. G glasern. 
 
 glessich[*~] 4k, glass eye. G glasig. 
 
 glessur[~*], f, glazing. G Glasur. 
 
 glessure[““~], pp geglessurt, to glaze. G 
 glasuren. 
 
 glett, klett[-], f, burdock, burdock bur. G 
 Klette. 
 
 gletteise[*"~] (rare), n, sadiron. G Glatt- 
 eisen. 
 
 glettere[‘~~], pp geglettert, to climb. G 
 klettern. 
 
 glettewarzel[*~~~], f, burdock root. G Klet- 
 tenwurzel. 
 
 glewe[*~], pp geglebt, to stick, adhere. G 
 kleben. 
 
 glewerich[~*~~], gelatinous, clotted. G kle- 
 berig. 
 
 glick[“], n, luck, fortune, good luck; — 
 winsche, to congratulate, wish success. G 
 Gliick. 
 
 glicke[*~], pp geglickt, to succeed in, have 
 good luck. G gliicken. 
 
 glicker[*~], m, marble, testicle. G Klicker. 
 
 glicklich[*~], lucky, happy, successful. G 
 gliicklich. 
 
 glicklicherweis[*~~"], fortunately, luckily, as 
 luck would have it. G gliicklicherweise. 
 
 glickschuss[*~], m, unexpected success. G 
 Gliick +Schuss. 
 
 glickselich[-*~], happy. G gliickselig. 
 
 Dims 
 
 glicksfall[‘~], m, godsend, windfall. G 
 Gliicksfall. 
 
 glied["], n, pl glieder and glidder, member, 
 limb. Glied. 
 
 glieder || band[~~™~], n, ligament; -schmeerze 
 ~~~~], pl, rheumatic pains, pain in the 
 limbs. 
 
 gliedich[~~], red hot. G glutig. dG glierig. 
 
 gliedwasser[~~~], n, synovial fluid. G Glied- 
 wasser. 
 
 gliftse, kliftse[*~], pl, rocks, wilds. G Kliifte. 
 
 glimblich[*~], gentle, mild. G glimpflich. 
 
 glimpel, klimpel[*~], n, small lump, small roll 
 (of butter). Dim of G Klumpen. 
 
 glimple, klimple[*~], pp geglimpelt, to form a 
 lump (of butter in churning). kliimpern. 
 
 gling, kling[~], f, blade (of a knife). G Klinge. 
 
 glingel, klingel[*~], f, bell, sleighbell. G 
 Klingel. 
 
 glingel, klingel[*~], m, ball (of yarn), crewel. 
 
 Kliingel. 
 
 glingle, klingle[*~], pp geglingelt, to tinkle, 
 jingle, ring. G klingeln. 
 
 glinsle[*~], pp geglinselt, to flatter, pet. dG 
 glinzele. 
 
 glitsche, klitsche[*~], pp geglitscht, to slide, 
 slip. G glitschen. 
 
 glitschich, klitschich[*~], slippery. G glitsch- 
 erig. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 67 
 
 glitschiwippi[*~*~], imitating the sound of 
 scissors in cutting. 
 
 glitzere[*~~], pp geglitzert, to glitter, shine. 
 G glitzern. 
 
 glitzerich[*~~], glittering, glistening. G glitz- 
 
 erig. 
 glock[~], f, bell. G Glocke. 
 glockeblumm[’~~], f, columbine; blue-bell, 
 Canterbury bell. G Glockenblume. 
 glofder[~~], n, cord (of wood). G Klafter. 
 Se ee n, cord-wood. G Klafter- 
 olz 
 
 glooe, klooe[~~], f, claw, cloven foot, paw, 
 
 clutches. G Klaue. 
 glooe[~~], pp gegloot, sich fascht, to lay hold 
 of auen. 
 
 glooe || fett[(~~~], n, neat’s-foot oil; 
 m, cloven foot. 
 
 gloppe, kloppe[*~], pp gegloppt, to knock, 
 pound, beat, rap, hammer. G klopfen. 
 
 glopp || hahne[*~~], m, worn-out roué; = 
 hengscht[*~], m, stallion whose testicles are 
 congenitally in, or have receded into, the 
 abdominal cavity and so can not be gelded. 
 G klopfen =wallachen+Hengst; -schtee* 
 {*-], m, shoemaker’s lapstone. 
 
 gloppiches[*~~], ebbes, something to hammer 
 with. G adj formed from gloppe. 
 
 glor, klor["], clear. G klar. 
 
 glore, klore[~~], pp geglort, to clear, clear up. 
 
 klaren. 
 
 glorensich["*~], clear, simple, whole: der — 
 sand. Probably an exaggerating compound 
 built on glor. Cf hesseldonisch. 
 
 glotz, klotz[“], m, block, segment of a tree- 
 trunk. G Klotz. 
 
 glowe, klowe[~~], m, (wire) staple. dG klowe. 
 
 gluck, kluck[’], f, hen (when with chicks), 
 brood-hen. G Glucke. 
 
 gluck, kluck[~], cluck, cluck of a liquid running 
 out of a bottle. G glucken. 
 
 gluckezwiwwell*~~~], f, multiplier onion. G 
 Glucke +Zwiebel. 
 
 gluckse, kluckse[*~], pp gegluckst, to cluck, 
 gurgle. G glucksen. 
 
 glucksich[*~], clucking. G glucksen. 
 
 glumpe, klumpe[*~], m, lump, roll (of butter), 
 heap. G Klumpen. 
 
 glumpe[*~], pp geglumpt, to lump, form (as 
 butter in the churn). Verb formed from 
 klumpen. 
 
 glumpich, klumpich[*~], lumpy. G klumpig. 
 
 -fuss[~~"], 
 
 glund|~], f, slattern, loose woman. G Klunter. 
 
 gluppe, kluppe[*™], f, hands, clutches: in di 
 — grieje. G Kluppe. 
 
 gluschde[* ~] =luschde. 
 
 glut["], f, glow, heat. G Glut. 
 
 gnabbere[*~~], pp gegnabbert, to stump 
 about. G knappern =klappern. 
 
 gnack, knack[~], m, skein, knot. G Knack = 
 
 E crack, snap; perhaps applied to a skein 
 of yarn because the reel on which it was 
 wound gave a crack for a certain number of 
 revolutions. Also G Knocke. 
 
 gnacke, knacke[*~], pp gegnackt, to tick, 
 crack, break partially. G knacken. 
 
 gnackere[*~~], pp gegnackert, to creak, be 
 unsteady (asa table). G knackern. 
 
 gnackrich[*~], tottering, unsteady, rickety. 
 G knackrig. 
 
 gnackse[*~], pp gegnackst, to crack. G 
 knacksen. 
 
 gnackwarscht, knackwarscht[*~], f, hard 
 smoked sausage. G Knackwurst. 
 
 carat ae f, grace. G Gnade. 
 
 gnade || ba nk[*~~], f, anxious bench; 
 linwsis 1, time of grace. 
 
 gnaedich[~~], gracious. G gnadig. 
 
 gnall, knall[“], m, clap, loud report, crack; 
 uff — un fall, suddenly, in a hurry. G 
 Knall. 
 
 gnalle, knalle, gnelle[*~], pp gegnallt, to make 
 a loud report, crack. G knallen. 
 
 gnalleise[*~~], n, (facetious for a) worthless 
 gun; dunner uns —! holy smoke! great 
 Scott! great guns! G Knalleisen =E gun. 
 
 gnaller[*~], m, cracker (of a whip). G 
 Knaller. 
 
 gnallhitt, knallhitt[’~], f, hovel, dilapidated 
 building, bawdy house. dG gnallhiitt = 
 Hurenhaus. 
 
 gnappe[*~], pp gegnappt, to snap at (some 
 one) (as a vicious dog). G knappen. 
 
 gnappere[*~™~], pp gegnappert, coire. Gknap- 
 pen. 
 
 gnapps, knapps["], close, stingy, scarcely; un 
 
 —, just about; -er not, barely. G knapp. 
 
 gnappse[*~], pp gegnappst, to be sparing 
 with, stint. G knapsen. 
 
 gnarre, knarre[*~], pp gegnarrt, to snarl, 
 growl, grumble, scold. G knurren. 
 
 gnarre, knarre [*~], m, knot (in lumber). G 
 Knorren. 
 
 gnarreloch[*~~], n, knot hole. 
 loch 
 
 =zeit 
 
 G Knorren- 
 
 gnarrich, knarrich[*~], 
 knorrig. 
 
 gnarrich, knarrich[*~], prone to grumble. G 
 knarrig. 
 
 gna(r)schle[*~], pp gegnarschelt, to gnash. 
 dG knarschen. 
 
 gnarwel, gnezrwel, knarwel[*~], m, gristle, 
 cartilage. G Knorpel. 
 
 gnarwlich, gnerwlich, knarwlich[*~], gristly, 
 gnarly (of a tree, apple, or a roughly healed 
 wound). Gknorpelig. 
 
 gnarze, gnazze, knarze[*~], m, stumpy old 
 tree, nubbin, blemish in fruit caused by 
 the sting of an insect, core of anapple. G 
 Knorz. 
 
 gnarzich, gnatzich, knarzich[*~], deformed 
 and imperfect (of trees and fruit), knotty. 
 G knorzig. 
 
 gnaunse[~~], pp gegnaunst, to grumble. dG 
 gnauen. 
 
 gnawwere, knawwere[*~~], pp gegnawwert, to 
 gnaw, nibble. G knabbern. 
 
 gnechel, knechel[*~], m, ankle, knuckle. G 
 Knéchel. 
 
 knotty, gnarly. G 
 
68 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 gnecht, knecht|“], m, male servant, hired man 
 or boy. G Knecht. 
 
 gneeterich{“~*], m, knotweed, knot-grass. G 
 Knoterich. 
 
 gnefze, gnafze[*”], 
 
 G gnefze. 
 
 gnefzer[*~], m, cua HE person, 
 
 barking cur. dG gnefze. 
 
 pp gegnefzt, to quarrel. 
 
 small 
 
 gneppe[’~], pp gegneppt, to button. G 
 knopfen. 
 
 gneppich[’~], covered with lumps. G kndépfig. 
 
 gneppschuh[’"], m, button-shoe. G Knopf- 
 
 schuhe. 
 
 gnetschich[’~], soft (especially of bread), 
 immature, soggy. dG kniatschig. 
 
 gnewwel, knewwell[*~], knewel[*~], m, gag, 
 stick used for twisting a rope or straw- 
 band, bolt at the end of a chain, skein, 
 hank. G Knebel. 
 
 gnewwle, knewwle|[*~], pp gegnewwelt, to gag, 
 twist tight. G knebeln. 
 
 gnewwere, knewwere[*~~], gegnewwert, to 
 scold, nag. Variant of knabbern. 
 
 gnick[~], n, nape or back of the neck, neck: 
 es — verbreche. G Genick. 
 
 gnicke, knicke[*~], pp gegnickt, to bend and 
 crack without breaking entirely. G knick- 
 
 en. 
 
 gnicker[*~], m, knock. G Knicker. 
 
 gnick gnack[~~], tick tock. Onomat. 
 
 gnickse[*~], pp gegnickst, to be stingy. dG 
 knicksen. 
 
 gnickser[*~], m, miser. dG knickser. 
 
 gnie, knie["], n, knee, elbow of a stovepipe. 
 G Knie. 
 
 gnie || dief[“~], up to the knees; -hoch[~’], 
 knee-high; -gschprunge[*~~], knee-sprung; 
 ekapp[~~], f, knee-cap; -kehl[~"], f, pos- 
 terior part of the knee-joint, hock; -scheib 
 [~"], f, knee-cap; -wand[~~], f, part of the 
 wall between the roof and the floor of a 
 garret. 
 
 gniee, kniee[~~], pp gegniet, to kneel. G 
 knieen. 
 
 gnieswarzel[*~~~], f, helleborus viridis. G 
 Nieswurz. 
 
 gnippe[*~], pp gegnippt, to tie ina knot. G 
 kniipfen. 
 
 gnippel, knippel[*~], m, club, cudgel, coarse 
 fellow. G Kniippel. 
 
 gnoche, knoche[*~], m, bone. G Knochen. 
 
 gnoche || knoche || frass[*~~], n, caries; -gaul 
 {*~"], m, skeleton (bony) horse; -jerrijel 
 [*~~~*~], m, skeleton. G Knochen+dim of 
 Jerrick =E George; -jockel[*~~~], m, skele- 
 ton, rag and bone collector. G Knochen + 
 Jockel =dim of Jakob; -lehr[*~*], f, osteol- 
 ogy; «mann{*~~], m, skeleton, bone col- 
 lector; -mehl[*~"], n, bonemeal; -miehl 
 [°~"], f, bone mill; =weh[*~~], n, bone ache. 
 
 gnochich, knochich[*~], bony. G knochig. 
 
 gnoddel, knoddel[*~], m, small lump, chunk, 
 chunky person, turd, compact hard round 
 droppings of many animals. G Knédel. 
 
 gnoddel || yihabde WEEN f, tedious job, small 
 chores; -supp|*~~], f, ’=riwwelsupp; -woll 
 
 [~~], f, wool from the rear quarters of a 
 sheep where it is mixed with manure. 
 gnoddel+G Wolle; -wolle[*~~~], made of 
 gnoddelwoll. 
 
 gnoddelwolleduch[*~~~~], n, cloth made from 
 gnoddelwoll. PG gnoddelwoll+G Tuch. 
 
 gnoddere, knottere[*~~], pp gegnoddert, to 
 grumble, scold. dG knoddere. 
 
 apebuaniston 1 grumbly, sulky. dG knod- 
 
 ere. 
 
 gnoddle[*~], pp gegnoddelt, to work in a slow 
 and poky manner. Verb formed from 
 gnoddel. 
 
 gnolle, knolle[*~], m, lump (of sugar), tuber, 
 clod (of earth). G Knollen. 
 
 gnollich, knollich [*~], lumpy. G knollig. 
 
 gnootsche, knootsche[~~], pp gegnootscht, to 
 handle overmuch, hug, fondle. dG knét- 
 schen, G knatschen, knatschen. 
 
 gnopp, knopp[“], m, pl gnepp, button, lump; 
 schnitz un gnepp, dumplings cooked with 
 dried apples; gnepp im kopp, tricks; gnepp 
 hinnich der ohre hawwe, to be tricky, bear 
 watching; — vum e bu, stout chap; 
 dicker —, stout person. G Knopf. 
 
 gnopp || hols[*~], n, sycamore, buttonwood; 
 zloch{’~], n, button hole. 
 
 gnoww(el)loch, knowwelloch, knoww(e)lich 
 [*~~], m, garlic; wilder —, wild garlic. G 
 Knoblauch. 
 
 gnuffe, knuffe[*~], pp gegnufft, to beat with 
 the fist, pummel, hammer lightly, quarrel. 
 G knuffen. 
 
 gnuschdre[*~], pp gegnuschdert, to be occu- 
 pied with trifles. Probably G knuspern. 
 
 god["], f, godmother. G Gote. 
 
 gogelskeern, godelskern[~~~], f, 
 Indicus. G Kockelskorn. 
 
 goh! goh!["] (kumm goh, goh), call to cows, co- 
 boss, co-boss. Swiss go 
 
 gold[~], n, gold. G Gold. 
 
 gold || amschel|* ~~], f, oriole; 
 m, goldsmith; -schaum[*"], m, beaten gold 
 (film); -schtick[*~], n, gold-piece; -warzel 
 {*~~], f, goldthread. 
 
 golde[*~], golden. G golden. 
 
 goldegehl[*~~], golden yellow. G goldgelb. 
 
 goldendur[*~"], golden tincture. G Golden- 
 tur. 
 
 golrabi, golrawe, kolrabi[-*~], m, kohlrabi. 
 G Kohlrabi. 
 
 golrieb[*"], f, rutabaga. G Kohlriibe. 
 
 gosch{”], f, mouth, mug. G Gosche. 
 
 gossduch[*~], n, gusset. dG gosstiichel. 
 
 gott[“], m, god, God; mei” — nochemol! my 
 
 cocculus 
 
 -schmitt[*~], 
 
 goodness! G Gott. 
 
 gottebermlich[~~*~], awful. G Gott-+er- 
 barmlich. 
 
 gottes || acker[*~~~], m, cemetery; -blut[*~"], 
 spotted St. John’s-wort; -dinscht[*~~], m, 
 divine service, worship; sgabe[*~~~], f 
 gift of God, alms, a child; -haus[*~"], n, 
 church; -krefte[*~ ~~], pl, mit, with all 
 possible means; -lieb[*~"], f, divine love, 
 charity; -reich[*~"], n, kingdom of God; 
 
 -wart[*~~], n, Scripture. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 69 
 
 Gottfri[*~], m, Gottfried. G Gottfried. 
 
 gottheit[*"], f, divinity. G Gottheit. 
 
 Gottlieb[*"], m, Theophilus. G Gottlieb. 
 
 gottlos[*"], ungodly, wicked, godless. G 
 gottlos. 
 
 gottlosichkeet[*"~"], f, impiety, godlessness. 
 G Gottlosigkeit. 
 
 2 euintetanean awfully. G_ gottstraf- 
 
 gottsdausich[*~~], (half playful exclamation) 
 well! well! Ggotts+dausich. Cf dausich. 
 
 gottsjemmerlich[~~~], terribly. G gottsjim- 
 merlich. 
 
 gottslebbdak[“*"], well! well! G gotts+ 
 Lebtag. Cf kotz lebbdak. 
 
 gott || verdamm|[~~~], damn it!; -verdammt 
 {-~*], damned, infernal; -verflucht[’~~], 
 
 damned, accursed. 
 
 gotzich[*~], single; alle — eener, every single 
 one; ken -er mensch war dart, not a single 
 person wasthere. dG gotzig. 
 
 gowenier[~~~], m, governor. G and F Gou- 
 verneur. 
 
 goweniere[~~~~], pp goweniert, to govern. 
 Verb formed from gowenier. 
 
 grab["], n, pl graewer, grave. G Grab. 
 
 grabb, krabb[*], f, crow, raven. dG krabb. 
 
 grabbe || fuss[*~"], m, -schnawwel[*~~~], m, 
 wild cranesbill, spotted geranium. 
 
 grabbenescht[*~ 4 n,crow’snest. dGkrabbe 
 +G Nest. 
 
 grab || macher[~~~], m, gravedigger (and for- 
 merly also pallbearer); -schtee*[*"], m, 
 tombstone, headstone. 
 
 grabsche[*~], pp gegrabscht, to grasp, snatch, 
 grab, be avaricious. dG _ grapschen, G 
 grapsen. 
 
 grabschich[*~], avaricious. G grapsen. 
 
 grabschtee~hacker[~~~~], m, tombstone-cut- 
 ter. G Grabstein +Hacker. 
 
 grach, krach[‘], m, crack, crash, report. G 
 Krach. 
 
 grache, krache[*~], pp gegracht, to crack, 
 crash, creak, make a report. G krachen. 
 
 grad|["], degree, measure; im alte —, as usual. 
 
 Grad. 
 grad[7], straight, right; exactly, at once, now. 
 gerade. 
 
 gradaus[~~], right out, in plain terms, bluntly. 
 G geradeaus. 
 
 graddle, kraddle[*~], pp gegraddelt, to crawl, 
 climb, creep. Variant of dG krabble. 
 
 graddlich, kraddlich[*~], crawling, astraddle. 
 From graddle. 
 
 graddlings[*~], astraddle. From graddle. 
 
 gradement["~”’], exactly. Ggerade+F -ment. 
 
 grade(s)weks[~~"], straightway, at once. G 
 geradeswegs. 
 
 gradeweck[~~~], right out, bluntly, presently. 
 G gerade +dG eweg 
 grad(e)wohl[*~"], uf, (at) haphazard. G 
 Geratewohl 
 graehak, graehnak[~"], n, corn (on the foot). 
 Krahenauge. 
 
 graehe, kraehe[*~], pp gegraeht, to crow. G 
 krahen. 
 
 graemer, kraemer[*~], m, peddler. G Kra- 
 mer. 
 
 graemere, kraemere[~~~], pp gegraemert, to 
 peddle. Verb from graemer. 
 
 graft, kraft[-], f, power, strength, vigor. G 
 Kraft. 
 
 graftbrieh, kraftbrieh[*”], f, jelly. G Kraft- 
 briihe. 
 
 grageel, krageel, grakeel[~*], m, 
 quarrel. G Krakeel. 
 
 grageele, krageele[“~~], pp grageelt, to quar- 
 rel, torment (verbally). G krakeelen. 
 
 grageeler, krageeler[“~~], m, quarrelsome 
 person, insistently troublesome person. G 
 Krakeeler. 
 
 grahne[~~], pp gegrahnt, to groan, creak. 
 dG grahnen. 
 
 graje([~~], m, collar. 
 
 gram[7], m, sadness, 
 
 ram. 
 
 gramansel[~’~], gegramansel[~~*~], n, flum- 
 mery. dG kramansen. 
 
 grammenot[~~~], f, was di, what the deuce! 
 G krumme Not =E epilepsy. (Was orig- 
 inally an evil wish or curse: dass du die 
 krumme Not bekommen michtest.) 
 
 grammet[*~] =grampet. 
 
 gramp, kramp[~], m, cramp, convulsions. G 
 Krampf. 
 
 grampet[*~], f, was di, what the deuce! 
 gotts —, confound it! des soll di — hole, 
 
 violent 
 
 G Kragen. 
 grief, heart-ache. G 
 
 confound it! G Krankheit. Cf gram- 
 menot. 
 
 gran, kran[™], m, crane; -e[~~], m, stopcock, 
 spigot. G Kran. 
 
 gran[], f, awn (of grain), fishbone. G 
 Granne. 
 
 granadappel[-~~~], m, pomegranate. G Gra- 
 natapfel. 
 
 grank, krank[”], sick; 
 G krank. 
 
 grankebett, krankebett[*~~], n, sick-bed. G 
 Krankenbett. 
 
 granket[*~], grankheet, krankheeit[*], f, sick- 
 
 en -es, a sick person. 
 
 ness, disease, (woman’s) courses. G Krank- 
 heit. 
 
 grans, krans[“], m, border, wreath, garland. 
 G Kranz. 
 
 grapp, krapp[~], m, madder. G Krapp. 
 gras["|, n, grass (including the clovers). G 
 
 Gras. 
 gras || blatz[~~], m, lawn; -feld[~~], n, field in 
 grass; -fressend[~~~], herbivorous; -halm 
 
 [~~], m, blade of grass; -some, sume[~~~], 
 m, grass-seed; -sens[~~], f, scythe. 
 
 grase|~~], pp gegrast, to graze, weed (a lawn). 
 G grasen. 
 
 gras(e)grie~ fan 
 griin. 
 
 grasich[~~], grassy, weedy. G grasig. 
 
 gratliere["~~], pp gratliert, to congratulate. 
 G gratulieren. 
 
 gratze, kratze[*~], pp gegratzt, to scratch, 
 claw. G kratzen. 
 
 gratzes[*~], en, a tickling sensation: en — 
 im hals. G Kratzen. 
 
 “], green as grass. G gras- 
 
79 
 
 gratzfiessel[*~~], n, bow, curtesy. Dim of 
 G Kratzfuss. 
 
 gratzich, kratzich[*~], itching, tickling, pun- 
 gent, partly fermented (of cider), crabbed, 
 not cordial. G kratzig. 
 
 graubeenich[~~~]; en -er raskel. 
 
 grauns|["], en alti,a grumbler. G Grunzer. 
 
 graunse|~~], pp gegraunst, to grumble, talk 
 indistinctly, mew. G grunzen. 
 
 graunsich[~~], cross, ill-tempered. G grun- 
 zen. 
 
 grausam, grasam[~~], cruel. G grausam. 
 
 graut, kraut|["|, n, cabbage, vegetation, herb, 
 top of a plant, weed. G Kraut. 
 
 graut || dasch, -darsch[*~], f, heart of cab- 
 bage; -hammel[~~~], m, raw fellow, dolt; 
 zhowwell~~~], f, cabbage-cutter; -kopp 
 [~~], m, cabbage-head; -kutsch[~*~], f, frame 
 on posts in which plants, especially cabbage- 
 plants, were raised from seed for transplant- 
 ing; -rieb[~“], f, kohlrabi; -schtamper[*~~], 
 m, stamper used in making sauerkraut; 
 -schtick[~~], n, cabbage-patch; -selat[~~], 
 m, cole slaw; -schtock|*~], m, growing cab- 
 bage; -some, -sume[*~~], m, cabbage seed; 
 -warm|~~], m, (green) cabbage worm. 
 
 grawe[~~], pp gegrawe, to dig. G graben. 
 
 grawe|~~], m, ditch, gutter; n, digging. G 
 
 Graben. 
 grawer|~~], m, digger. G Graber. 
 grawwle, krawwle[‘~], pp gegrawwelt, to 
 
 crawl. G krabbeln. 
 
 creda “], n, crawling sensation. G krab- 
 eln. 
 
 tiene krawwlich[*~], crawling. G krab- 
 eln. 
 
 greadur| ~~], f, creature. G Kreatur. 
 
 grebbscht, grobbscht[‘], coarsest, roughest, 
 rudest; so’s grebbscht, most (of something 
 scattered. G grébst. 
 
 grebiere[~~~], pp grebiert, to go to ruin, die, 
 kick the bucket; sich —, to become ruined. 
 G krepieren. 
 
 grebs, krebs[~], m, crab, cancer, (G-) Cancer 
 (sign of the zodiac). G Krebs. 
 
 grebs || ordich[*~~], cancerous; -gang[‘~], m, 
 going backward, decline. 
 
 grecks[~], f, complaint, disease. G krachzen. 
 
 greckse|*~], pp gegreckst, to grunt, ail. G 
 krichzen. 
 
 grecksich[*~], grunting, ailing. G krachzen. 
 
 grecksmiehl|*"}], f, person addicted to com- 
 plaining. 
 
 gredit[~*], m, credit. G Kredit. 
 
 greecht["], 3d sing p subj of grieje. G kriegte. 
 
 greell', pepper and salt (colored). G grau- 
 ich. 
 
 grees, krees["], m, circle. G Kreis. 
 
 greess|], f, size, extent, magnitude, height. 
 G Grédsse. 
 
 greesser|~~], larger, greater. G grdsser. 
 
 greesscht|["], largest, greatest. G grésst. 
 
 greesschtdeels[~~], mostly. G grdésstenteils. 
 
 grefte[*~], pl of graft, strength, power: mit 
 alle—. G Krafte. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 greftich, kreftich[*~], strong, vigorous. G 
 kraftig. 
 
 greibs["], bei, by golly. E Christ. G Kreuz. 
 
 greid, kreid|"], n, chalk, bill, account; in der 
 — sei’, to be in a fix, be in for it, owe. G 
 Kreide. 
 
 greider, kreider[~~], pl, herbs. G Krauter. 
 
 greideweiss|*~], white as chalk. G kreide- 
 weiss. 
 
 greidich[~~], covered with chalk. G kreidig. 
 
 greife[~~], pp gegriffe, to seize, grab, grasp, 
 
 grip. G greifen. 
 
 greine[“~], pp gegreint, to weep, cry. G 
 greinen. 
 
 greische, kreische[~~], pp _ gegrische, to 
 
 scream, cry, halloo, squeal. G kreischen. 
 
 greisle[~“], pp gegreiselt, to cause great 
 aversion or nausea, have a horror of. G 
 grauseln. Cf grissle. 
 
 greislich[~~], horrible, terribly. G grauselig. 
 
 greiz, kreiz|"], n, cross, crucifix, misfortune, 
 small of the back; es im—hawwe, to have 
 lumbago; es is mern—, I hate to do it; 
 iwwers—, crosswise; gotts—nochemol, con- 
 found it! G Kreuz. 
 
 greiz || hols[~~], n, scantling; -hur[~“], f, queen 
 of clubs; -lahm[*~], hipshot; -miehl[~’], f, 
 fox and geese; -pad[*"], m, cross-path; 
 -schtrooss[~"], f, crossroad; -weh[*"], n, 
 backache, lumbago; -weis|[*"], crosswise, 
 diagonally; -wek[~~], m, cross-road. 
 
 greiziche, kreiziche[~~~], pp gegreizicht, to 
 crucify. G kreuzigen. 
 
 Greizwoch[*~], f, week of the Elevation of 
 the Holy Cross (Sept. 14), Rogation week. 
 G Kreuzwoche. 
 
 grempe[*~], pp gegrempt, to cramp, catch in 
 turning. G krampen. 
 
 grempisch[*~], (foot-)sore, (walking) with 
 stooping gait. G krimpen. 
 
 grenddeppli[--~~], n, granatappel[--~~], m, 
 Queen Anne’s pocket melon (grown for its 
 fragrance). G Granatapfel (but a very 
 different fruit). 
 
 arenes grandel[*~], m, plowbeam. G Gren- 
 
 el. 
 
 grenk[~], was di, what the deuce! dich soll 
 di — hole, deuce take you! gotts —, con- 
 found it! do will ich di — grieje, I'll be . 
 hanged! hol’s di —, by golly! G Kranke =E 
 epilepsy. MMHG krenke. Cf grenket, 
 grammenot, grampet. 
 
 grenke, krenke[*~], pp gegrenkt, to grieve, 
 hurt, regret, vex. G kranken. 
 
 grenkerlich[*~~], grenklich[*~], sickly, invalid. 
 G krankeln. 
 
 grenket[*~]; dich soll di — hole, deuce take 
 you! wie di —, how the deuce? Cf grenk. 
 
 grenkle, krenkle[*~], pp gegrenkelt, to be 
 sickly, complain of sickness, take sick, irk. 
 G krankeln. 
 
 grens|~], f, border, limit. G Grenze. 
 
 grense[*~], pp gegrenst, to border upon, be 
 contiguous to. G grenzen. 
 
 grenselos[*~"], unbounded. G grenzenlos. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 71 
 
 grepp["], m, en, a grudge. dG kreppe=G 
 argern. 
 
 greppe(*~], pp gegreppt, to regret, regret the 
 loss of, vex, pain. dG kreppe. 
 
 greppisch[*~], miffed, bearing a grudge. dG 
 kreppe. 
 
 gresse[*~], f, nasturtium, Indian cress. G 
 
 Kresse. 
 Gret["], f, Margaret. G Grete. 
 Gretschel[~~], n, (in Hansel un —) in a 
 
 nursery rhyme, Margaret. G Gretchen, 
 dG Gretel. 
 
 gretz, kretz[~], m, itch, grouchy person, crank; 
 di alt —, the old crank. G Kritze. 
 
 gretzich, kretzich[*~], scabious, itchy, crabbed. 
 G kratzig. 
 
 grewwer, growwer[’~], coarser. G grodber. 
 
 gribb[~], f, crib, small bed. G Krippe. 
 
 gribbe[* “1 pp gegribbt, to crib (of horses). G 
 krippenbeissen. 
 
 gribbebisser[*~~~], m, 
 Krippenbeisser. 
 
 grick["], f, crutch. G Kriicke. 
 ing of creek it is of E origin. 
 
 gricks, kricks|~], m, cricket. dG gricksel. 
 
 gricksel, kricksel[*~], n, cricket. dG gricksel. 
 
 griddlich[*~], cross, testy, crabbed, fretful, 
 trying, ticklish. G krittelig. 
 
 grie~["], green, unripe. Gé griin. 
 
 cribbing horse. G 
 
 In the mean- 
 
 grie~gehl[~"], yellowish green. G griingelb. 
 
 grieje[~~], pp grickt, griet, to get, obtain. G 
 riegen. 
 
 griejer{[~~], m, warrior. G Krieger. 
 
 griek, kriek/"], m, war. G Krieg. 
 
 grieks | mann|~“j, m, soldier, warrior; -schiff 
 
 [~~], n, man-of-war, war vessel; -zeit|~ ge 
 f, time of (the Civil) War. 
 grie“lich[~~], greenish. G griinlich. 
 Grienerdunnerschdak["~’~"], Grie~dunner- 
 
 schdak["*~"], m, Maundy Thursday. G 
 Griindonnerstag. 
 
 grie~schpa~[~~], verdigris. G Griinspan. 
 
 griess["], m, ground corn (for young chickens). 
 G Griess. 
 
 griesse[~~], pp gegriesst, to greet, remember 
 to, send regards. G griissen. 
 
 griewe[~~], pl, cracklings, greaves. GGrieben. 
 
 grie~weide[~ ~~], m, f, white willow. 
 
 griff[“], m, grip, clip (of a horseshoe). G Griff. 
 
 “], n, mug in which coffee 
 Dim of G Krug. 
 
 grijjell* “}, griejel[~ 
 is served (Moravian). 
 
 grijjelche, grickelche[*~~], grickche[* + n, 
 little pitcher. Dims of G Krug. 
 
 grille[*~], pl, whims: — im kopp; der wei™ 
 hott —, the wine is strong. G Grillen. 
 
 grimm|"], 'f, curve, turn, bend. G Kriimme. 
 
 grimm darm|[* ef Fak oR colon, large intestine. G 
 Grimmdarm. 
 
 grimme, krimme[*~], pp gegrimmt, sich, to 
 bend, move. G kriimmen. 
 
 grimmel, krimmel[*~], f, crumb. Dim of G 
 Krume. 
 
 grimmich[*~], horrible. G grimmig. 
 
 grimming[*~], f, bend, curvature. 
 mung. 
 
 G Kriim- 
 
 grimmle, krimmle[*~], pp gegrimmelt, to 
 crumble; (sich) —, to separate into crumbs. 
 G kriimeln. 
 
 grind[~], m, scab. G Grind. 
 
 grinde[*~], pp gegrindt, to found, establish. 
 G griinden. 
 
 grinder[*~], m, founder. G Griinder. 
 
 grindich[*~], scabby. G grindig. 
 
 sich en grindkoppl’~] A°schwetze, to get a 
 
 earn head, get into trouble. G Grind- 
 
 ) 
 
 grindlich[*“], real, thorough, radical. G 
 griindlich. 
 
 gringel[*~], m, circle: im — rumgeh*, G 
 Kringel. 
 
 grinse[*~], pp gegrinst, to grin, look daggers. 
 G grinsen. 
 
 grippel, krippel[*~], m, cripple. G Kriippel. 
 
 eripplich, kripplich[* a crippled. G_ kriip- 
 
 plich. 
 
 grips[“], m, scruff of the neck: ich grick dich 
 am — Grips. 
 
 grips(er){” covem, Bee (little) fellow. G 
 Knirps. 
 
 grisch, krisch[“], m, cry, scream, shout. G 
 Kreisch. 
 
 Grischbel[*~], m, proper name (EH). 
 
 Grischdak[’"], m, Christmas; zwette —, day 
 after Christmas. G Christtag. 
 
 grischdaknacht[~~~], f, Christmas night. G 
 Christtag + Nacht. 
 
 Grischdel[’~], m, Christian. G Christel. 
 
 grischdendum[*~~], m, Christianity. G 
 Christentum. 
 
 grischdier[“~], f, (enema-)syringe. G Klys- 
 tier. 
 
 grischdiere[“*~], pp grischdiert, to clyster, 
 give anenema. G klystieren. 
 
 Grischdus[*~], m, Christ. G Christus. 
 
 grischkindel, krischkindel, grischtkindli [*~™], 
 n, Santa Claus, Christmas present. G 
 Christkindel =dim of Christkind. 
 
 Grischt[“], m, a Christian. G Christ. 
 
 grischt I bam[*~], m, Christmas tree; -blumm 
 head 8 Christmas flower; -monet[*~~], m, 
 December; enacht[*~], f, Christmas eve; 
 -owed|“~~], m, Christmas eve; -warzel 
 [‘~~], £, helleborus viridis. 
 
 Grischtjan[*~], m, Christian. G Christian. 
 
 grischtlich[*~], Christian. G christlich. 
 
 Grischtoffel{*~~], m, Christopher. G Christ- 
 offel =dim of Christoph. 
 
 grissel, krissel [*~],pl, thrills, cold shivers; 
 di — sin mer ausgange, I shuddered (at the 
 sight). G Grusel. 
 
 grissle, krissle[*~], pp gegrisselt, to make one 
 shudder, be distasteful: es grisselt mer. 
 G gruseln. 
 
 grisslich, krisslich[*~], terrible, horrible, thrill- 
 ing. G gruselig. 
 
 gritz[“], m, scratch. G Kritz. 
 
 gritzelfixel, kritzelfixel, grickselfixel[*~~~], n 
 scribbling, vulgar adornment, fine tracery 
 work. Compound built on ie (Ge)kritzel. 
 
72 
 
 gritzle, kritzle|*~], pp gegritzelt, to scribble. 
 G kritzeln. 
 
 gritzler, kritzler[*~], m, scribbler. G Kritzler. 
 
 gritzlich[*~], scribblingly, scrawly. Gkritzlig. 
 
 griwwle[*~], pp gegriwwelt, to feel a sensation 
 as of a crawling insect, find fault, worry. 
 G griibeln. 
 
 griwwles|*~], n, creeping sensation, gripes. 
 Noun from griwwle. 
 
 gro[], gray. Gegrau. 
 
 gro || bart[“"],  m, graybeard, old man; 
 -eckschteenich[~*~~], gray plaided; -hoor- 
 ich[~~~], gray-haired; -keppich[~~~], gray- 
 headed; -«kopp[*~], m, grayhead. 
 
 grobb["], coarse, rough, rude, brusque. G 
 
 rob. 
 
 grobbheet|*"], f, coarseness, rudeness. G 
 Grobheit. 
 
 grod["!, m, two first furrows thrown against 
 each other in plowing to the right: en — 
 schlajje. dG grod, G Grat. 
 
 grolich[~~], grayish. G graulich. 
 
 groll, kroll[-], f, curl, ringlet. dG kroll. 
 
 groll{-], m, spite, anger. G Groll. 
 
 grolle, krolle[*~], pp gegrollt, to curl. G 
 
 krollen. 
 
 grollich, krollich[*~], curly. Adj from groll. 
 
 grooz["],m, mould. dG grooz. 
 
 grooze[~~], pp gegroozt, to mould, become 
 mouldy. dG grooze. 
 
 groozich{~~], mouldy. dG groozig. 
 
 gropp, kropp[*], m, craw (of a fowl), goiter. G 
 Kropf. 
 
 gross["], large, great, tall; beim -e, at whole- 
 sale. G gross. 
 
 gross || Ajich[~~~], large-eyed; -dadi[~~~], m, 
 grandfather; -eltre[~~~], pl, grandparents; 
 sfiehlich[~~~], proud, haughty, uppish; 
 sfiessich[~~~], large-footed; -gliddrich[~~™], 
 of large build; -gnochich[~~™~], large-boned; 
 sheerzich[*~~], generous, magnanimous; 
 zshandel[~~~], m, wholesale business; -lech- 
 erich[~~~™~], full of big holes; -mammi[*~™~], 
 f, grandmother; -maul[*"], n, boaster, 
 braggart, blusterer; -mechtich[~*~], very 
 large, very tall; -meilich[*~~], bragging, 
 boastful, blustering; -miedich[~~~], proud, 
 self-important; -mut[*"], m, generosity, 
 magnanimity; -mutter[~~~], f, grand- 
 mother; -ordich[*~~], grand, great; = 
 schteh*[*~], to stand sponsor; -vatter[*~~], 
 m, grandfather. 
 
 grott, krott[], f, toad; gleeni —, young girl. 
 
 Krdote. 
 
 grotte || balsem[*~~~], m, American penny- 
 royal; -fuss|*~~], m, toad’s foot, toadstool; 
 -gelser[*~~~], m, unskilled surgeon; -gick- 
 ser[*~~~], m, poor pocket-knife; -hupse 
 [*~~*], n, leapfrog. Lit trans of E. leap- 
 frog; -schtuhl[‘~~], m, toadstool. 
 
 grub[], f, pit, underground container. G 
 
 rube. 
 
 grubbe[*~], pp gegrubbt, to grub, dig. dG 
 gruben. 
 
 grubbes|*~], 
 
 n, stunted human being or 
 animal. 
 
 dG kruppes <G Kriippel. 
 
 The Pennsyloania-German Society 
 
 grubbhack[’™], f, mattock, grubbing-hoe. dG 
 gruberhack. 
 
 grubbhackehelm[*~~~], m, mattock-helve. 
 dG gruberhack +G Helm. 
 
 grubbich[*~], stunted, small. G krupfig. 
 
 grubbs["], m, brush, scrub: in de -e. 
 grubs. 
 
 grubbsefeld[*~~], n, field grown up in brush 
 and scrub. dG grubs+G Feld. 
 
 gruck, kruck[’], m, jug, pitcher, mug. G 
 
 rug. 
 grudelrewe[*~~~], pl, groundsel. G Grundel- 
 reben. 
 gruft[“], f, brat. 
 gruft[’], f, yawning chasm, depth. G Gruft. 
 grumbeer, grumbier[* "|, f, potato. dG grum- 
 beer, G Grundbirne =ground pear. 
 grumbeere || glicker[*~ ~~~], m, seed-ball of the 
 potato; -keffer[* ~~~ ~], m, potato-bug; -leser 
 [*"~"~], m, potato picker; -schtengel[* ~~~], 
 m, potato top, potato stalk; -schtick[*~~~], 
 n, potato patch; -supp[*~~~], f, potato soup. 
 grumm, krumm|*], crooked; en -es un grades, 
 a long palaver, G krumm. 
 || beenich[* ~~], bow-legged; -bucklich 
 [*~~], bent, humpbacked, hilly. 
 grummelwasser[*~~~], n, mopish reluctance, 
 sullenness (with suppressed crying). 
 grommeln + Wasser. 
 grummle[*~], pp gegrummelt, to grumble, 
 growl. G grommeln, MHG grummen. 
 grummlich[*~], prone to grumble. G grom- 
 meln. 
 grund|[~], m, ground, foundation, soil, reason; 
 zu — geh’, to go to ruin, perish; meiner —! 
 by gracious! (ei) du —! my goodness! G 
 rund. 
 grund || dachs[*~], m, groundhog, woodchuck. 
 Grund+Dachs. Cf dachs; -eeche[*~~], 
 f, scrub oak; -eechel[*~~], f, acorn of the 
 scrub oak; -eis[*"], n, flake-ice (forming on 
 wet ground), half frozen water in streams; 
 -farb[*~], f, tone, color scheme; -gretz[*~], 
 m, ground-itch; -keller|*~~], m, deep cellar 
 apart from house for cooling milk and other 
 eatables; -loch[*~], n, pit; -meessel!*~~], 
 m, iron bar with broad bit for digging post- 
 holes; -niss[*~], f, peanut; -satz[*~], m, 
 principle, maxim; -sau[*"], f, groundhog, 
 woodchuck; -scholle[*~™], m, clod; «schtick 
 [*~], n, messuage; -schtock[*~], m, base- 
 ment; -schtrauss[*"}], m, gravel plant, 
 trailing arbutus. 
 grunddachskitz[*~~], f, female woodchuck. 
 G Grund +Dachs +Kitze. 
 grundelrewe, grundelrawer[*~~~], f, ground 
 ivy, gill. G Gundelrebe. 
 grundich[*~], earthy. G grundig. 
 grundsboddem[*~~], vum, from the founda- 
 tion. G Grundboden. 
 grupp[], f, group. G Gruppe. 
 gruschdich, kruschdich[*~], crusty, out of 
 sorts, morose. G krustig. 
 gruscht, kruscht[~], f, crust, cranky person, 
 frolic, country dance. G Kruste. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 73 
 
 gruss[7], m, 
 Gruss. 
 
 grussel || beer[*~"],f, gooseberry. dG grossel- 
 beer, G Krauselbeer; -kopp[*~~], m, curly- 
 head. G Krausel +Kopf. 
 
 grussle["'|, pp gegrusselt, to curl. G krau- 
 seln. 
 
 grusslich[*~], curled, gristly. G krauslich. 
 
 grutze, krutze[*~], m, cob, nubbin, core (of 
 fruit); weeche -e, bad whiskey, applejack. 
 G Krutzen. 
 
 grutzepeif[*~ I f, corncob pipe. 
 Pfeife. 
 
 grutzer[’~], m, poor sickler, snip, runt. 
 krozze, G Krutzen. 
 
 grutzich, krutzich[*~], small, damaged by the 
 sting of an insect (fruit), deformed, stunted. 
 G Krutzen. 
 
 gsang|~], m, singing, song, ditty. G Gesang. 
 
 erated ~“], n, hymn-book. G Gesang- 
 
 uch. 
 
 salutation, compliments. G 
 
 G Krutzen + 
 dG 
 
 gsauf[], n, hard drinking, carousing. -G 
 Gesauf. 
 
 gscherr[“], n, harness, dishes, implements, 
 tools. G Geschirr. 
 
 gscherr["], n, (continued) scratching, scrap- 
 ing. escharr. 
 
 gscheerr || schank[*~], m, pantry, cupboard; 
 swescher[’~~], m, dishwasher. 
 
 gscherrwesch || lumpe[*~~*1, m, dishrag; = 
 schissel[*~~~], f, dishpan; -wasser[’~~], n, 
 dishwater. 
 
 gschaff[-], n, working, manner of working. 
 Verbal noun from schafie. 
 
 gscheft["], n, business. G Geschaft. 
 
 gscheft[“], n, wooden part of an old-time gun 
 or rifle. Cf schaft, scheft. 
 
 gschehe[~~], pp gschehe, gschehne, to happen; 
 gern gschehne, you are welcome, don’t 
 mention it. G geschehen. 
 
 gscheit["], clever, intelligent; net gans recht 
 —, not having all one’s senses. G gescheit. 
 
 gscheitheet[~"], f, wisdom, cleverness. G 
 Gescheitheit. 
 
 gschelt[-], n, (continual) scolding. G Ge- 
 schelte. 
 
 gschicht[“], f, story, tale, affair, history. G 
 Geschichte. 
 
 gschick[“], m, knack; er kann sich ken 
 rechter — gewwe, he hasn’t quite got the 
 knack. G Geschick. 
 
 gschickt["], skillful, handy, expert. 
 schickt. 
 
 gschiess[], n, (continual) shooting. G Ge- 
 schiess. 
 
 gschiss[“], n, ado: en gross — mache. 
 bian gschiss <schiessen. 
 
 gschitt[“], n, (repeated) pouring. G Geschiitt. 
 
 gschittel|* ~], n, (continual) shaking. G Ge- 
 schiittel. 
 
 gschlauder, schlauder[~~], n, same old story. 
 G schlaudern. 
 
 gschlawwer[*~], n, (constant) 
 senseless talk. G Geschlabber. 
 
 gschlecht[*], n, sex, generation. G Geschlecht. 
 
 G ge- 
 
 Sua- 
 
 slobbering, 
 
 gschleck[“], n, dainties, delicacies, tasting or 
 eating of dainties, licking of chops (of a 
 dog). G Geschleck. 
 
 gschleckerwese[*~~~], n, delicacies. G Ge- 
 schleck + Wesen. 
 
 gschleef["], n, dragging, any long drawn out 
 work or undertaking. G Geschleif. 
 
 gschleich["], n, (habitual) sneaking or slow 
 movement. G Geschleich. 
 
 gschlenker[*~], n, (continued) 
 fidgeting. G schlenkern. 
 
 gschlof["], n, continued or unusual sleeping. 
 G schlafen. 
 
 gschlummer[*~], n, (continued) slumbering. 
 G Geschlummer. 
 
 gschmack[~], m, taste. G Geschmack. 
 
 gschmees|"], n, rabble, undesirable persons. 
 G Geschmeiss. 
 
 Gge- 
 
 jerking or 
 
 gschmeidich[*~], svelte. 
 schmeidig. 
 
 gschmeiss["], n, throwing. G Geschmeiss. 
 
 gschmier[7], n, smearing, smeary work, mess. 
 G Geschmier. 
 
 gschmittner[*~] najjel, G ge- 
 schmiedet. 
 
 gschmunsel[’™], n, (continual) smiling, grin- 
 ning. G Geschmunzel. 
 
 gschnacker[’~], n, (incessant) chattering. G 
 Geschnacker. 
 
 gschnarricks[*~], n, snoring. G Geschnarch. 
 
 gschnatter[’~], n, chattering. G Geschnatter. 
 
 gschnauf["], n, breathing. G Geschnauf. 
 
 gschnepper[*~], n, chattering. Gschnappern. 
 
 gschnitzel[*~], n, whittling. G Geschnitzel. 
 
 gschnuffel[*~], n, snuffling, secret rummaging. 
 G Geschnuffel. 
 
 gschockel[*~], n, rocking. G Geschaukel. 
 
 gschosse[’~], gone to seed (of plants). G (in 
 die Hohe) geschossen. 
 
 gschpass, schpass|[~], m, fun, pleasure; — 
 mache, to be funny, joke; voll —, funny, 
 humorous. G Spass. 
 
 gschpassich[*~], funny. G spassig. 
 
 gschpassvojjel[*~~], m, droll person, funny 
 chap. G Spassvogel. 
 
 gschpautz["], n, (constant) 
 schpautze. 
 
 gschpettel[*~], n, sneering, derision. 
 spottel. 
 
 gschpichte[*~], pl, tales; — mache, play 
 pranks. Cf schpichte. 
 
 gschpiel["], n, (continual) playing. G Gespiel. 
 
 gschpott[’], n, (constant) mocking. G Ge- 
 spotte. 
 
 gschpraech|["], confab. G 
 Gesprich. 
 
 gschpritz[~], n, (continual) splashing, spirting. 
 G Gespritz. 
 
 gschraub["], n, (continual) screwing, squirm- 
 ing, hesitation or evasion. G Geschraub. 
 
 gschrei["], n, yelling, screaming, squealing. 
 G Geschrei. 
 
 gschreib["], n, (continual) writing. G Ge- 
 schreib. 
 
 slender, 
 
 forged nail. 
 
 spitting. dG 
 G Ge- 
 
 n)\italke iwenate 
 
74 
 
 gschriwwenes[*~~], n, writing. G Geschrie- 
 benes. 
 
 gschtalle[*~], PP gschtallt, to agree, get along 
 with. G stallen. 
 
 gschtalt[-], f, frame, form. G Gestalt. 
 
 gschtamp|[~ 1 n, (continual) stamping. G 
 Gestampf. 
 
 gschtank[~], m, stench. G Gestank. 
 
 gschteh*["], pp gschtanne, to acknowledge, 
 confess, admit. G gestehen. 
 
 gschtell[” 1, n, frame; merrickwerdiches —, 
 immense person. G Gestell. 
 
 gschtichell*~], n, (repeated) innuendoes. G 
 Gestichel. 
 
 gschtick[“], n, cannon. G Gestiick. 
 
 gschtink[~], n, stink, evil report. G stinken. 
 
 gschtiwwelt[*~], fitted out. G gestiefelt. 
 
 gschtiwwer[’~], m, flurry (of snow). G 
 Stiiber, G stieben. Cf schtiwwer. 
 
 gschtolper[*™~], n, (repeated) stumbling, hob- 
 bling along. G Gestolper. 
 
 gschtopptevoll[*~~], filled to the utmost 
 capacity. G gestopft +voll. 
 
 gschtotter[*~], n, (constant) stuttering. G 
 Gestotter. 
 
 - gschtreit["], n, 
 Gestreite. 
 gschtriche[*~], cancelled; 
 
 measure. G gestrichen. 
 gschtrick[“], n, (constant) knitting. G Ge- 
 strick. 
 gschtubb["], n, stubbing, nudging. Gstupfen. 
 gschult[7], educated. G geschult. 
 gschussel[*~], n, (continual or repeated) fast 
 or abrupt movements. dG schussel. 
 gschwere[~~], m, boil. ( Geschwiir. 
 gschwerewarzel|~~~*], f, horse-balm. 
 gschweil[], f, sister-in- ‘law. dG geschwai, 
 g’schwey. 
 gschweije[~~], not to mention, much less. G 
 geschweige. 
 
 (continual) quarreling. G 
 
 — mos, stricken 
 
 gschwelle[*~], pp gschwolle, to swell. G 
 geschwellen. 
 
 gschwetz["], n, talk, conversation, gossip; 
 — hi un her, constant bickering. G 
 Geschwitz. 
 
 gschwewwelt[*~], three sheets in the wind, 
 
 tipsy. G geschwefelt. 
 gschwier[™], n, boil, ulcer. G Geschwiir. 
 
 gschwind|”], quick, fast,atonce. Ggeschwind. 
 
 gschwinder|*~], quicker, faster. G_ ge- 
 schwinder. 
 
 gschwindscht[*], quickest, fastest. G ge- 
 schwindst. 
 
 gschwindichkeet[*~~], f, quickness, celerity; 
 inre —, in less than no time. G Ge- 
 schwindigkeit. 
 
 gschwische, gschwischich[*~] =zwische, be- 
 
 tween. dG zwische, zwischig. 
 gschwischder[*~], pl, brothers and sisters. G 
 Geschwister. 
 gschwischder || kind[*~~], n, cousin, nephew, 
 niece; -soh*[*~~], m, nephew, cousin. 
 gschwitz[“], mn, (continued) sweating. G 
 Geschwitz. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Soctety 
 
 gschwulscht[*], f, swelling, tumor, abscess. 
 G Geschwulst. 
 
 gsejend|[~~], blessed. G gesegnet. 
 
 gselle[*~], pp gsellt, sich, to associate: gleich 
 un gleich gsellt sich gern. G gesellen. 
 
 gsellich[*~], companionable. G gesellig. 
 
 gsellschaft|*~], f, company. G Gesellschaft. 
 
 gsetz[], n, statute, law. G Gesetz. Cf 
 Gesetz. 
 
 gsetzt[], settled, fixed; gut —, sturdy, well- 
 built. G gesetzt. 
 
 gsicht["], n, face; der welt zum — neigeh’, to 
 adventure, proceed at random. G Gesicht. 
 
 gsichtich[*~], double-faced. G Gesicht. 
 
 gsichtsfarb[’~], f, complexion. G Gesichts- 
 farbe. 
 
 gsims|[~], n, strip of wood around the wall of a 
 room to keep the chairs from damaging the 
 wall. G Gesims. 
 
 gsindel[*~], n, rabble. G Gesindel. 
 
 gsing[“], n, (continual) singing, buzzing. G 
 Gesing. 
 
 gsoffe[’~], intoxicated; en gsoffner, an in- 
 toxicated person. G besoffen. 
 
 gsuch[” 1, n, (continual) searching or rummag- 
 ing G ‘Gesuch. 
 
 gsuddel[*~], n, drizzling; 
 dirty work. G Gesudel. 
 
 gsund|~], healthy, hale, well; -er verschtand, 
 sound understanding. G gesund. 
 
 gsundheet, gsundheit[*], f, health; —! God 
 bless you! (call to another after sneezing). 
 G Gesundheit. 
 
 guck[], m, look, looks, appearance. G Guck. 
 
 gucke[*~], pp geguckt, to look, appear, stare; 
 sich nix meh™ gleich —, not to look like 
 the same person, lose all semblance (of 
 
 -wese[*~ ~~], n, 
 
 corpses). G gucken. 
 gucker[*~], m, eye, onlooker. G Gucker. 
 guckgummer[*~~],f, cucumber. dG gugumer. 
 
 guckkaschde, kuckkaschde[*~~], m, 
 show. G Guckkasten. 
 
 guckuck[*~], gucku[*"], m, cuckoo; dass dich 
 der — hett, deuce take you! G Kuckuck. 
 
 gullere[*~~], pp gegullert, to gobble (of a 
 
 raree- 
 
 gobbler). G kullern. 
 gulli, gulli[*~], call for geese. Imitative from 
 gullere. 
 
 gumme[*~], m, gum-tree. G Gummi. 
 
 gumme[*~], m, roof of the mouth; der — 
 sch4we, recommended ironically to a person 
 who is finicky in eating; der — schteche, to 
 pierce the roof of a horse’s mouth (to 
 relieve blind staggers). G Gaumen. 
 
 gumme || bam[*~"], m, gum-tree; -beer[*~ 7], 
 f, gum-berry. 
 
 gummebrecher[*~~~],_ m, Lit 
 trans of E jawbreaker. 
 
 gummer[*~], f, cucumber. dG gummer. 
 
 gummerans|[~~*], f, tomato. Combination of 
 dG gummer and G Pomeranze =E orange. 
 
 gummerebam[*~~"], m, cucumber tree. Tr 
 from E. 
 
 gump, kump[*], m, formerly a wooden vessel, 
 
 jawbreaker. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 then a horn, used to hold the whetstone in 
 mowing. 
 
 gump. , 
 gummre || rank[*~~], f, cucumber vine; = 
 
 schtick|*~~], mn, cucumber patch; -selat 
 [*~~"], m, cucumber salad. 
 gunn[~], f, honor, favor, good wishes: ich 
 
 du ihm di — net 4°. G gunn. 
 
 gunne[*~], pp gegunnt, to wish one ill, be- 
 grudge; gern —, to gladly wish another’s 
 good luck, wish well. dG gunne. 
 
 gunscht["], f, favor. G Gunst. 
 
 guss[~], n, cast-iron. G Guss(eisen). 
 
 gut["], good, kind, well; — heesse, to approve; 
 — mache, to make reparation, repair 
 damages, prove a statement; mach’s gut, 
 good-bye; — ab sei’, to be well-to-do; der 
 — mann, God. G gut. 
 
 gut["]; in hab un —, all one’s possessions. G 
 
 ut. 
 
 gut || du*[~"], to do well, do (one) good, 
 benefit; -guckich[~~~], good-looking; -her- 
 zich[~~~], generous, benevolent, kind- 
 hearted; -herzichkeet[~~~"], f, kind- 
 heartedness; -meenich[*~~], kind-hearted, 
 well-intentioned; -meenichkeet[~~~"], f, 
 kindness; -miedich[~~~], good-natured, 
 easy going; -riechich, -riechend[{~~~], fra- 
 grant; -schteh~[~"], to stand well, be re- 
 sponsible (for), vouch for; -willich[*~~], 
 voluntarily, gladly; -willicherweis[~~~~"], 
 voluntarily, gladly. 
 
 guter Heinrich, Good-King-Henry (plant). 
 Cf schtols Heinrich. 
 
 gwehnt[7], usual, customary: der -e fall. G 
 gewohnt. 
 
 H 
 
 ha![~], ha![], in laughter or surprise (in the 
 former pekaictt! ha. 
 
 ha*["], what? 
 
 ha, ha, har["], call to horses to guide to the 
 left, haw. dG har. 
 
 ha~ carl, no (pronounced with a glottal 
 stop after each a’). Cf ha~ ha™ 
 
 hab["] un gut, all one’s possessions, bag and 
 baggage. G Habe. 
 
 habbichgraut[*~~],n, hawkweed. G Habicht- 
 kraut. 
 
 habsichtich|[*~~], avaricious. G_habsiichtig. 
 
 habsucht[~~], f, avarice. G Habsucht. 
 
 hack[~], m, lash, blow, sharp rejoinder. G 
 Hack. 
 
 hack[*], f, hoe. G Hacke. 
 
 hackbank[*~], f, chopping-bench. G Hack- 
 bank. 
 
 hacke[*~], pp kackt, to hoe, chop, lash, paw 
 (of a horse); iwwer der schtrang —, to 
 kick over the traces, go wrong, rebel. G 
 hacken. 
 
 hackel[*~], f, hatchel, hackle. MMHG hachele. 
 
 hacker[*~], m, chopper, hoer. G Hacker. 
 
 hack || glotz[’~], m, chopping-block; -meerrick 
 [*~~], n, mark by an ax on trees, blaze; 
 -messer(’ ~~, n, cleaver; -schpae™[*"], pl, 
 chips made by a broad-ax. 
 
 75 
 
 hackle[*~], MHG 
 hachele. ‘ 
 
 hader[~~], m, strife, wrangling. G Hader. 
 
 haefel(~~], n, small pot. Dim of G Hafen. 
 
 haehnche[~*~], n, cockerel, fop. G Hahnchen. 
 
 haekel[~~], n, little hook, difficulty. Dim of 
 G Haken. 
 
 haekelche[~~~], n, crochet needle. Double 
 dim of G Haken. 
 
 haekle[~~], pp kaekelt, to crochet, hanks limp. 
 G hakeln. 
 
 haepter[~~], pl, bundles (of stalks), heads 
 (of cabbage or lettuce). G Haupter. 
 
 haepterselat[~~~~], m, head lettuce. G 
 Haupter +Salat. 
 
 her[], here, hither; wu is er —, where does 
 he come from. G her. 
 
 her-["], separable prefix of verbs, and prefix 
 of derived words. G her-. 
 
 her | bringe[“~~], to bring here; -bschtelle 
 [~~~], to order to come here; -dappe[*~~], 
 to approach with heavy steps; -draje[~~~], 
 to carry hither; -drehe[~~~], to turn this 
 way; -dreiwe[*~~], to drive hither; -drolle 
 [~~~], to jog along; -du~[~"], to put or place 
 here; -fahre[~~~], to drive here (in a 
 vehicle); -flieje[~~~], to fly hither; -geh~ 
 [~"], to walk hither, pass off; iwwer ihn —, 
 to pitch into him (verbally); do is es 
 awwer hergange, there were some high 
 doings; -gewwe[~~~], to give here (to some 
 
 pp kackelt, to hatchel. 
 
 one), give up, betray some one; -grieje 
 [~~~], to get to this place, get from; -halte 
 [“~~], to bear the brunt; -hole[~~~], to 
 
 fetch here; -keere[*~~], to belong in this 
 place; -kumme[~~~], to come hither, come 
 from; -jaje[~~~], to chase this way; -lange 
 [~~~], to hand over, reach; -leje[*~~], to 
 lay down here; -lese[*~~], to read off; 
 zlocke[~~~], to coax to a place, entice; 
 zlosse[~~~], to allow to come here; -nemme 
 [“~~], en fra, to have sexual intercourse 
 with a woman; -reide[~~~], to ride here 
 (a horse); -richde[~~~], to ruin, spoil; -rolle 
 [~~], to roll this way; -rufe[*~~], to call 
 here; -rutsche[~*~~], to slide toward or near 
 (one); -saje[~ ~~], to repeat, relate; -schaffe 
 [~~~], to convey hither, provide; -schicke 
 [-~~], to send hither; -schleefe[~~~], to 
 drag hither; -schleiche[~~~], to sneak 
 hither; -schlippe[*~~], to slip near; = 
 schluppe[*~~], to creep or crawl near; 
 -schpringe[~~~], to run hither; -schtamme 
 [-~~~],to be descended from; -schtelle[*~~], 
 to set or place here; sich —, to stand here, 
 to represent oneself, pretend; -wek[~~], m 
 way coming, way hither; -welse[*~~], to 
 roll (something) to a place; -wolle[*~~[, to 
 want to come to this place; -zieje[*~~], to 
 pull this way, move here. 
 
 herbscht["], hzrribscht[*~], m, fall, autumn. 
 G Herbst. 
 
 herbschtros[* *], f, (autumn) chrysanthemum. 
 G Herbstrose =hollyhock. 
 
76 
 
 herchle[‘~], pp kerchelt, to rattle in the 
 throat, wheeze. dG hérchle. 
 
 herd["], m, hearth, oven floor. G Herd. 
 
 herd["], f, herd, flock. G Herde. 
 
 herde[*~], pp ‘keerdt, to herd. Verb from 
 herd (2). 
 
 herde[*~], pp kerdt, to harden, temper. G 
 harten. 
 
 herdgras[~ Dy n, herdgrass. G Hirtengras. 
 
 herding[*~], f, temper (of a tool). G Har- 
 tung 
 Rearere yi pp kaert, sich, to shed the coat or 
 
 hair. G haaren. 
 
 Hermann[*~], m, Herman. G Hermann. 
 
 hermeniere, hgmmoniere[’~*~], pp hermen- 
 iert, to get along well together, raise a 
 disturbance, carry on (in both senses). G 
 harmonieren. 
 
 hern[~], n, brain. G Hirn. 
 
 hern | enzinding[’ ~~~], f, brain fever; -fiewer 
 
 »-~], n, brain Lith -schaedel|’ ~~], m, 
 
 skull; -schal[’"], f, skull; -weh[’"], n, 
 brain trouble; -wiedich{* ~“], mad; -zah*, 
 -zoh~[*“], m, eyetooth. 
 
 hernervieh[*~~], n, cattle. G Hornvieh. 
 
 hernschaedelhaut|*~~"], f, pericranium. G 
 Hirnschadel +Haut. 
 
 heroisch[**~], bold, headstrong, resolute, 
 vigorous. G heroisch. 
 
 herr[~], m, mister, Lord. G Herr. 
 
 herraus[~*], out of it! get out! G heraus. 
 
 followers of John Herr, 
 
 Herreleit[*~~], pl, 
 G Herr + 
 
 now known as New Mennonites. 
 Leute. 
 
 herrevojjel[*~~~], m, jay. G Herrenvogel. 
 
 Herrgott[*~], m, God, the Lord. G Herrgott. 
 
 herrin[*~], {, mistress. G Herrin. 
 
 herrjer(ru)m[~*~], good Lord! G herrjerum. 
 
 herrjammer[~*~], good Lord! Probably a 
 corruption of G herrjerum. 
 
 herrje[“*], hzrr(i)jesses[-~*~], good Lord! 
 good gracious! dear me! G herrje(se)s 
 <Herr Jesus. 
 
 heerrlich!*~], lovely, splendid, jolly, glorious, 
 cheerful, happy. G herrlich. 
 
 herrlichkeet[*~"], f, glory, jollity. G Herr- 
 
 lichkeit. 
 
 Heerrnhuter[*~~], m, Moravian. G Herrn- 
 huter. 
 
 herrnhuterisch[*~~~], Moravian. G_ herrn- 
 huterisch. 
 
 herrschaft[*~], f, lordship; also used as an 
 expletive. G Herrschaft. 
 
 herrsche[*~], pp kerrscht, to rule. G 
 herrschen. 
 
 hersch[*], m, deer. G Hirsch. 
 
 hersch(e)gras[*~"], n, yellow foxtail; 
 foxtail. G Hirsegras. 
 
 hersch || fleesch[*"], n, venison; -harn[*™], 
 n, antler; -haut{*~], f, buckskin, buckskin 
 bag; -kopp[*~], m, stag’s head; -kuh[*7}, 
 , doe; -ledder[*~~], n, buckskin; “mick 
 [*~], f, deer fly, horse fly; -zung[*~], f 
 hart’s-tongue (not found wild in Pa.): 
 rattlesnake-weed; walking-leaf. 
 
 green 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 herschharngeischt[*~~], m, liquid ammonia, 
 hartshorn. G Hirschhorngeist. 
 
 hert[~], m, shepherd. G Hirt. 
 
 herum[~*], round, round about, about. G 
 herum. 
 
 herz[“], n, heart (also of a tree). G Herz. 
 
 herze[’~], pp kerzt, to love, embrace. G 
 herzen. 
 
 herzel[*~], n, darling. Dim of G Herz. 
 
 herzeleed[*~~], n, sorrow. G Herzeleid. 
 
 herz || fehler[*~ “|i m, organic disease of the 
 heart; -fell[*~], n, pericardium; -gloppe(s) 
 [*~~], n, palpitation of the heart; -grank 
 bars suffering from the heart, heartsick; 
 zhols[*~], n, heart-wood; -kammer[*~™], f 
 ventricle; -klemmes[*~~], n, angina pec- 
 toris; -lieb[*~], f, m, dearest; -schlack[*~], 
 m, paralysis of the heart; -warzel[*~™], f, 
 tap-root; -weh[*~], n, heart-ache 
 
 herz(g)schpzrr[*~], common motherwort, di- 
 gestive disorder in pigs. G Herzspann. 
 
 herz(h)aftich[*~~], hearty, courageous, vigor- 
 ous, bold. G herzhaft. 
 
 herzich[*~], beloved, dear. G herzig. 
 
 heerzlich[*~], affectionate, cordial, hearty. G 
 herzlich. 
 
 herzus[*~], (on the way) coming. G her+ 
 
 zus. 
 
 haesche[~~], n, young rabbit. Dim of G 
 Hase. 
 
 haffe[*~], m, pot, crock, chamber. G Hafen. 
 
 haffe || deckel[*~~~], m, pot-cover; -scherb 
 [*~~], f, potsherd. 
 
 hafte[*~], pl; — un hoke, hooks and eyes. G 
 Haften. 
 
 hafte[*~], to happen: wann so ebbes — daet. 
 G haften. 
 
 ha~ha*[~~], yes. Cf ha7-a”. 
 
 hahne[~~], m, rooster. G Hahn. 
 
 hahne || fuss[*~"], m, small-flowered crow- 
 foot; -gegrisch[~~~~], n, derogatory gossip; 
 -kamm([~~~], m, cockscomb, red amaranth, 
 
 pigweed. 
 
 Hahnewackell* ~*~], m, playful nickname. G 
 
 Hahnewackel. 
 
 hajel[~~], m, hail: dunner uns —! — dunner- 
 wetter! G Hagel. 
 
 hajele|~~~], pp gehajelt, to hail. G hageln. 
 
 hajels[~~], confoundedly. Adv genitive from 
 G Hagel. 
 
 hajelwetter[~~~~], n, confound it! hang it all! 
 G Hagelwetter. 
 
 haland[*~], n, field or part of a field when 
 plowed by making all turns to the left. G 
 har +Land. 
 
 halb[~], half. G halb. 
 
 halb || bruder[*~~], m, half-brother; -dutzend 
 [’*~], n, half a dozen; -gebacke[*~~™], a bit 
 cracked; -gscheit[*~], cracked, rattle- 
 brained, silly; -insel[*~~], f, peninsula; 
 -jaehrich[* ~~], semi-annual, six months old; 
 -kreis[*"], m, semi-circle; -kujjel[*~~], f 
 hemisphere; -leine, -leinich[*~~], linsey- 
 woolsey; -mos[*"], n, half measure; -nacht 
 [-*], f, midnight; -nerrisch[~*~], crack 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 brained; -pund[**], n, half a pound; 
 -schtiwwel[*~~], m, bootee, laced shoe; 
 -schtrang[*~], m, chain forming the end of 
 a trace; -verreckt[-~*], half dead (of 
 beasts); =wechsich[*~~], half-grown; -weks 
 [-*], halfway. 
 
 halfter[*~], f, halter. G Halfter. 
 
 halfter||kett[’~~], f, halter chain; -rieme[*~ ~~], 
 m, halter strap. 
 
 halleluja[-~*~], n, hallelujah. G Hallelujah. 
 
 hallunk[*~], m, rascal, thief. G Halunke. 
 
 halm|~], hallem[*~], m, blade, stalk. GHalm. 
 
 hals[~], pl hels, neck, throat. G Hals. 
 
 hals || ankel, -angel[*~~], f, back of the neck; 
 sauszehring|*~ ~~], f, bronchitis, laryngitis; 
 sband[*~], n, collar, necklace; -duch{*~], n 
 neckerchief, cravat, small shawl; -gnick 
 {[*~], n, nape or back of the neck; zgraje 
 [°-~], m, cravat, collar; -reehr[*"}, n, 
 windpipe, larynx; -rieme[*~~], m, leading 
 rope or strap; -schtarrich[*~~], stubborn, 
 obstinate; -schtick[*~], n, neck (of beef); 
 -weh[*"], n, sore throat, quinsy. 
 
 halt[-], f, hold. G Halt. 
 
 haltbar[*"], tenable. G haltbar. 
 
 halte[*~], pp kalte, to hold, keep, last, stop, 
 observe, conduct; karz —, to keep (a 
 person) short in money; — bleiwe, to be 
 stuck; sich im esse —, to diet. G halten. 
 
 halwed4aler[-~*~], m, half dollar. G Halb+ 
 Taler. 
 
 halwer[*~], half; en — dak, half a day; 
 — sechse, half past five. G halb. 
 
 halwergaul[~~*], m, dock; breedblettricher —, 
 bitter dock. Derivation obscure. 
 
 Hambarjer[*~~] Schnellposcht, f, a small 
 newspaper formerly published at Hamburg, 
 Berks Co., term applied to a gossiping 
 woman, tattle-tale. 
 
 hammel[*~], m, wether. G Hammel. 
 
 hammelche, hamm(e)li[*”~], n, calf. Swiss 
 ammeli <ammeln, to nurse, suckle. 
 hammelfieesch[*~"], n, mutton. G Hammel- 
 
 fleisch. 
 
 hammer[’~], m, hammer. G Hammer. 
 
 hammere, hemmere[’~™], pp kammert, to 
 hammer. G hammern. 
 
 hammer || garn[*~~], n, dip-net. G Hammer 
 +Garn. (So called from the wooden mal- 
 let (hammer) which was used to drive the 
 fish out from under the banks of the stream 
 into the net); -schlack[*~~], m, scales of 
 iron, hammer-scales; -schtiel[*~~], m, han- 
 dle of a hammer. 
 
 hand[~], f, hand, handwriting. G Hand. 
 
 hand || erwet|* ~~], f, hand-work; -beerscht 
 [*~], f, hand brush; -beck[*™], n, basin; 
 -breeding|’ ~~], f, hand’s breadth; -buch 
 tes ROAR manual; -duch[*~], n, towel; 
 -gelender[’~~~], n, hand-rail; -gemacht 
 [*~~], handmade, homemade, § artificial; 
 -greiflich[“~~], comprehensible, plain; -griff 
 [*“], m, grip (of hand), handle; -gross[*"], 
 big as a hand; -hawwe[*~~], to manage; 
 -kaes[*"], m, Dutch cheese, cheese in balls 
 
 77 
 
 and ripened; -lange[*~~], to assist masons 
 or bricklayers; -langer(*~~], m, hod-carrier, 
 helper to a mason or bricklayer; -lumpe 
 [*~~], m, handy rag (in the kitchen); -rijjel 
 [*~~], m, handrail; -saek[*"], t, handsaw; 
 -schleefreche[*~~~], m, large rake dragged 
 by hand; «schrift[*~], f, handwriting; 
 evoll[*~], f, handful; -weerrick[*~~], n, trade. 
 
 handel|[*~], m, commerce, trade, barter, busi- 
 ness. G Handel. 
 
 handelwese[*~~~], n, trading, bartering. G 
 Handelswesen. 
 
 handelsmann[*~~], m, tradesman. G Han- 
 delsmann. 
 
 handiere[~*~], pp handiert, to do, work. G 
 hantieren. 
 
 handle[*~], pp kandelt, to deal, trade, barter, 
 handle; sich — losse, to barter, knock 
 down the price. G handeln. 
 
 handlung[*~], f, business, doings, treatment. 
 G Handlung. 
 
 handwerrick[*~~], n, trade, craft. G Hand- 
 werk. 
 
 handweerricks || gscherr[*~~~], _n, 
 egscheft[*~~~], mn, trade, calling; 
 ~~~], m, mechanic. 
 
 hanf(t)[’], 1 hannef{* “],m, hemp. G Hanf. 
 
 hang[~], m, slope, declivity, inclination. G 
 Hang. 
 
 hank[~], m, suspended shelf for eatables, 
 slope. G Hang. 
 
 hannefsume[*~ ~~], m, hemp seed: lewe wie di 
 vejjel im —. G Hanf-+Samen. 
 
 Hannickel[*~~], m, John Nicholas. G Hans 
 +Nickel. 
 
 Hans[~], Hannes[*~], m, Jack, general name 
 fora German. G Hans <Johannes. 
 
 Hansel[*~] vun Bach, title of a nursery 
 rhyme. G Hansel. 
 
 Hansjerrick[*~~], m, John George. G Hans 
 +Georg. 
 
 Hanskaschber[*~~], m, jackpudding. GHans 
 + Kasper. 
 
 hanswarscht[*~], m, clown, silly fellow. G 
 Hanswurst. 
 
 hanswarschtle[*~~], pp gehanswarschtelt, to 
 act silly, play the clown. Verb from hans- 
 warscht. 
 
 hanswarschtschtreech[*~*], pl, 
 G Hanswurst +Streiche. 
 
 hapere[*~~], pp kapert, to rumble, make a 
 racket. hapern. 
 
 hapt["], n, principal thing. G Haupt. 
 
 hapt || blatz{~ “], m,_ principal place; -gebei 
 [*~"], n, main building; zkeerl[~~], leader; 
 -mann(~“, m, captain, leader; -sach[*”], f, 
 principal thing: -schtadt[*~], f, capital, 
 metropolis; -schtick[~~], n, principal part; 
 -sechlich[~*~], mainly, principally; -summ 
 [~~], f, principal (drawing interest); -wese 
 [~~~], n, main point or matter. 
 
 hard["], f, board with low sides for drying 
 fruits and vegetables. dG hord. 
 
 hardich[*~], quick, swift; —! be quick! G 
 hurtig. 
 
 tools; 
 -smann 
 
 tomfoolery. 
 
78 
 
 harf(e)[*~], f, harp. G Harfe. 
 
 harn[~], n, pl herner, horn. G Horn. 
 
 harnesel[*~~],m, hornet. G Hornisse. 
 
 harneselnescht[*~~~], n, hornets’ nest. G 
 Hornissennest. 
 
 Harning|’~], m, February. G Hornung. 
 
 harnischledder[*~~~], n, harness-leather. G 
 Harnisch +Leder. 
 
 harn || schlang[*~], f, horned snake; -vieh[* 7], 
 n, cattle. 
 
 harre[*~], pp karrt, to wait. G harren. 
 
 harriche[‘~~], pp karricht, to listen, hearken, 
 obey. G horchen. 
 
 hart, hatt[“], hard, firm, severe. G hart. 
 
 hart. || geld[*~], n, specie; -glawich[*~~], skep- 
 tical; -heerzich[*~~], hardhearted; -heerich 
 ea deaf; -lernich[*~~], dull, stupid; 
 -leiwich[*~ “i constipated; -meilich hag pad 
 hard-mouthed (of horses); -neckich[*~™~], 
 stubborn; -rijjel[*~~], m, hop hornbeam; 
 -schaffich[*~~], hard-working. 
 
 harum[*~], call to horses at the end of a 
 furrow to make a square turn to the left. 
 G har +herum. 
 
 harz[~], m, resin. G Harz. 
 
 harzich[~~], resinous. G harzig. 
 
 has["], m, rabbit; arjets hockt en — im peffer, 
 there’s a difficulty somewhere. G Hase. 
 
 haschbel[*~], m, reel, silly bustling person, 
 gawk. Hasp el. 
 
 haschbidal[- ~~], fhaspittell’~], m, hospital. 
 G Hospital. 
 
 aschblel “], pp kaschbelt, to wind on a reel, 
 move precipitately (of persons and horses). 
 G haspeln. 
 
 haschblich[*~], unsteady, precipitate, fidgety. 
 G haspelig. 
 
 hAschemel|[*~~, m, field or part of a field 
 when plowed by making all turns to the 
 left. G har +Schemel. 
 
 hase || fall[*~~], f, rabbit-trap; -fett[*~~], n, 
 rabbit grease; -fleesch!~~ |, n, rabbit meat; 
 -glee[~~"], m, oxalis, yellow wood-sorrel; 
 zhund[*~~], m, rabbit-hound; -jacht[*~~], 
 f, rabbit hunting; -maul[*~7], n, harelip, 
 puckered lips; -schlupp[~~~], m, rabbit 
 snare. 
 
 hasenpeffer, hasimpeffer[~~~*1, m, name of a 
 game of cards. 
 
 hass[~], m, hatred, spite. G Hass. 
 
 hasse[*~], pp kasst, to hate; ich hass es 
 juscht ebaut, I am mortified to have made 
 such a blunder, I regret very much that 
 it happened. G hassen. 
 
 hassel || heck[*~~], f, hazel bush; 
 f, hazelnut; -warzel[*~~~], f, colts-foot, 
 wild ginger. 
 
 hatje[““] =adje. Q. v. 
 
 hauch["], m, breath. G Hauch. 
 
 -nuss|[*~~], 
 
 hauche[*~], pp kaucht, to breathe, expel 
 breath through the open mouth. G 
 hauchen. 
 
 haufe[*~], m, heap; en — mache, to cack. 
 G Haufe. 
 
 haus["], n, house; ins Reicherts —, remnant 
 of the genitive. G Haus. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 haus || erwet[*~~], f, housework; babble 
 [-~*], f, Lombardy poplar; zbutze(s)[~~™], 
 n, housecleaning; -dach[~~], n, roof of a 
 house; -deer, -dier[~"], f, outside door 
 (of a house); -fiehrer[~~~], m, housekeeper 
 (of a family where the mother is dead); 
 -fra[~"], f, lady of the house; -gleed[~7], 
 
 n, negligee; -halling[~~~], f, family; -halte 
 [~~~], to keep house, be frugal; -haltung 
 [~~~], f, housekeeping, family; -heltern 
 
 [~~~], f{, housekeeper; -mittel[*~~], n, home 
 remedy; -rot[~"], n, furniture; -sache[~~~], 
 pl, house furnishings; -schlang[~~], f, 
 garter snake; -schreiner[~ ~~], m, carpenter; 
 -schteier =ausschteier; -uhr[*~], f, clock; 
 -wachs[~~], m, house-leek; garden orpine, 
 live-for-ever. 
 
 hause[~~], pp kaust, to keep house, be econ- 
 omical, rage; — menanner, to live together 
 (of man and wife). G hausen. 
 
 hausrotschreiner[~"~~], m, cabinet maker. 
 G Hausrat +Schreiner. 
 
 hauss["], out of doors, outside, out of it. dG 
 hauss. 
 
 hausslosse[~~~], pp haussgelosst, to leave out, 
 leave outside, omit. dG hauss+G lassen. 
 
 haut["], f, skin, hide, cuticle, membrane, film. 
 G Haut. 
 
 haut || farb[~~], f, complexion; -granket[~~~], 
 f, skin disease. 
 
 hawwe[*~], pp katt, kadde, to have. G 
 haben. 
 
 hawwer[*~], m, oats; der — schtecht ’n, 
 he is getting saucy. G Hafer. 
 
 hawwer || ern[*~~], f, oat-harvest; -feld[*~~], 
 n, oatfield; -geess[’], m, katydid -kern 
 [*~~], f, oatgrain; -kischt[*~~], f, oatbin; 
 slaus[*~"], f, midge that is very annoying 
 at the time of oat-harvest, oat midge; 
 emehl[*~"], n, oatmeal; -sack[*~~], m, 
 oats-bag, haversack; der — heecher henke, 
 to reduce the rations; -schprau[*~"], f, 
 oat-chaff; -schtroh[’~"], n, oatstraw. 
 
 hawwerschtecher[*~~~], m, thumb (in nursery 
 rhyme). G Haber +Stecher (The thumb is 
 used in tucking in the straw band in binding 
 
 oats). 
 hawweswert[*~"], worth having. G (des) 
 G heben. 
 
 Habens wert. 
 heb["], f, handle (of a basket). 
 heb || garn[~"], n, dip-net; -lad[~~], contriv- 
 -schtang[~~], f, lever. 
 G Hechel. 
 
 ance for loading logs; 
 
 hechel[*~], f, hatchel. 
 
 hechle[*~], pp kechelt, to hatchel, give a 
 tongue-lashing. G hecheln. 
 
 hecht[*], m, pike, pickerel. G Hecht. 
 
 hechtgraut[*"], n, pickerel-weed. G Hecht + 
 
 Kraut. 
 hechze[*~], pp kechzt, to pant. dG hechze. 
 heck[’], f, brush, brier, dry sprig; -e, 
 
 brushes, thicket, hedge; an (bei) der — sei’, 
 to be Johnny on the spot; sich an di — 
 mache, to get busy. G Hecke. 
 
 hecke || berscht[*~~], f, brush made of twigs; 
 pre th “],.m, clump of bushes; -sens 
 [~~], f, scythe for cutting briers. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 heckich[*~], covered with brush. G heckig. 
 
 hecksel[*~], n, straw cut fine for feed. G 
 Hiacksel. 
 
 hecksel || fuder[*~~~], n, feed from cut straw; 
 skammer|[*~~~], f, compartment in a barn 
 for storing cut straw. 
 
 heeh["], f, height; in di —, up. G Hdhe. 
 
 heech["], f, height. G Héhe. 
 
 heecher[*~], higher. G hoher. 
 
 heechscht[7], highest. G héchst. 
 
 heele[~~], pp keelt, to heal. G heilen. 
 
 heelgraut(~~], n, selfheal. G Heilkraut. 
 
 heem[™], home; -gehschde —, home with you 
 (call to a dog). G heim. 
 
 heem || bringe[~~~], to bring home, return 
 (of things borrowed); -dickisch[~~~], malic- 
 ious, underhanded; -draje[~~~], to carry 
 home; -fahre[~~~], to drive home, haul 
 home; -gebacknes[*~~~], n, home-baked 
 articles; -geh*[*"], to go home; «gemacht, 
 homemade, domestic; -gewwe[~~~], to 
 give back, take revenge; -gfiehl[~"], n, 
 home-feeling; -grank[~~], homesick; -hole 
 [~~~], to fetch home; -kumme[*~~], to 
 come home; -nemme[*~~], to take home; 
 -schicke[~~~], to send home; =<schleiche 
 [~~~], to steal home; -schtehle[~~~], sich, 
 to return home stealthily; -weh[~"], n, 
 homesickness; -wek[~"], m, way home; 
 -wolle/~~~], to want to go home; zieje[~~~], 
 to move home. 
 
 heem(e)le[~~~], pp keemelt, to be like home, 
 feel at home. G heimeln. 
 
 heemere[*~~], pp keemert, sich, to be home- 
 sick. Same stem as heimeln. 
 
 heemet[*~], f, home. G Heimat. 
 
 heemetlos[*~~], homeless. G heimatlos. 
 
 heemisch[*~], domestic. G heimisch. 
 
 heemlich[~~], homelike, secretly. G heimlich. 
 
 heemlicherweis[~~~~], secretly. G _ heim- 
 licher Weise. 
 
 Satan a te f, stealth. G Heimlich- 
 
 eit, 
 
 heemzus[~~“], homewards, on the way home. 
 G heim +dG zus. 
 
 heerbar[~~], audible. G hérbar. 
 
 heere[~~], pp keert, to hear, obey, listen; 
 — sje, to have from hearsay, understand; 
 du muscht mer —, you must obey. G 
 héren. 
 
 heeresaje[~~~~], n, hearsay. G HoGrensagen. 
 
 heereswert|/*~"], worth listening to. 
 hérenswert. 
 
 heescher, heeser[*~], hoarse; en heeser hals, 
 a hoarse throat. G heiser. 
 
 heese[~~], m, lower part of the hind leg, hock, 
 heel, gambrel. dG hesse, G Hachse. 
 
 heesehols[~~~], mn, gambrel (stick used in 
 
 hanging up hogs in slaughtering). dG 
 hesse +G Holz. 
 
 heess["], hot, ardent. G heiss. 
 
 heesscht["], hottest. G heissest. 
 
 heesse[~~], pp keesse, to request, bid, name, 
 call, be called; es heesst, it is reported, 
 the orders are. G heissen. 
 
 79 
 heesser[~~], hotter. G heisser. 
 heffemacher[*~~~], m, potter. G Hafen- 
 macher. 
 
 heffli, heffel[*~], n, little pot. Dims of G 
 Hafen. 
 
 heffner[*~], m, potter. G Hafner. 
 
 heffnerei[~~*], {, pottery. G Hafnerei. 
 
 heft[“], n, hilt. G Heft. 
 
 heftichkeet[*~~], f, violence, vehemence. G 
 Heftigkeit. 
 
 heftich(lich)[*~~], violent, strongly, awfully. 
 G heftig. 
 
 hehl["] halte, to keep secret. Ghehl. . 
 
 hehl["], f, cavity, hollow, cavern. G Hohle. 
 
 hehler[~~], m, concealer, receiver of stolen 
 goods. G Hehler. 
 
 hehling, hiehling[~~], f, cavity, hollow, cave. 
 G Hohlung. 
 
 hehlingerweis[~~~~], secretly, clandestinely. 
 G hehlinger + Weise. 
 
 hehling(s)[~~], on the sly, secretly. dG 
 hehlings. 
 
 hei["] =hoi, hay (rare). G Heu. 
 
 heichle[~~], pp keichelt, to act the hypocrite. 
 G heucheln. 
 
 heichler[~~], m, hypocrite. G Heuchler. 
 
 heichlerei, heichelei["~*], f, hypocrisy. G 
 
 Heuchelei. 
 heichlerisch[*~™], hypocritical. G heuchler- 
 
 isch. 
 heid["], m, heathen. G Heide. 
 carne Dnt n, heathendom. G Heiden- 
 
 and. 
 
 heider[~~], cheerful. G heiter. 
 
 heidisch[~~], heathenish. G heidnisch. 
 
 hei(e)re[~~~], pp keiert, to marry. dG heiern, 
 G heiraten. 
 
 heifel, heifli[*~], n, little pile, little heap. 
 Dims of G Haufe. 
 
 heifich[~~], frequently, freely, considerably. 
 G haufig. 
 
 heifle[~~], pp keifelt, to heap up. G haufeln. 
 
 heijo(bei)[~~~], hushaby. Cf beijo. 
 
 Heiland[*~], m, Savior. G Heiland. 
 
 heile[~~], pp keilt, to cry, weep, howl. G 
 
 eulen. 
 
 heilich[~~], holy, sacred. G heilig. 
 
 heiliche[~~~], pp keilicht, to sanctify. G 
 heiligen. 
 
 heilicher, heilichi[~~~], 
 Heiliger. 
 
 heilichtum[*~~], n, sanctuary. G Heiligtum. 
 
 heillos[*~], wicked. G heillos. 
 
 heil || kunscht[*~], f, therapeutics; 
 [~~~], n, remedy. 
 
 heilsam[*~], wholesome. G heilsam. 
 
 Heinrich[~~], m, Henry. G Heinrich. 
 
 en, a. saint. G 
 
 -mittel 
 
 heiraschbelsgedanke[~~~~~~ ], m, =heirats- 
 gedanke, thought of marriage. In jest 
 heiraschbel =Heirat +Gedanke. Cf rasch- 
 
 bel. 
 heirat[~~], f, marriage. G Heirat. 
 heiratsgedanke[~~~~~], m, thought of mar- 
 riage. G Heiratsgedanke. 
 heirich[~~], desirous to marry. dG heiern. 
 
80 
 
 heisel, heisli[~~], n, little house, shanty; 
 aus em —, out of one’s head, crazy. Dims 
 of G Haus. 
 
 heislich[*~], domestic. G hiauslich. 
 
 heit["], today. G heute. 
 
 heitel, heitli, heitche[~~], n, membrane, film 
 (on boiled milk). Dims of G Haut. 
 
 heitich[*~], of today, nowadays. G heutig. 
 
 heitich(e)sdaks[~~~"], heitesdaks, heilichs- 
 daks[“~"], nowadays. G heutigestags. 
 
 heitzedajich[~~~~], of today, modern. Adj 
 from heitzedak. 
 
 heitzedak[*~~], nowadays. 
 
 held[-], m, hero. G Held. 
 
 mae “], pp kolfe, to help, avail, do good. G 
 
 elfen. 
 
 helfer[*~], m, helper, assistant. G Helfer. 
 
 helft[-], f£, half. G Halfte. 
 
 hell[-], clear, light, loud, distinct; 
 dak, in bright daylight. G hell. 
 
 hell[-], f, hell. G Hdlle. 
 
 hell || blo[*"], light blue; -gro[*], light gray; 
 nmr n, broad daylight; -rot|*"], light 
 re 
 
 helling[*~], f, dawn. G 
 Helle +ing. 
 
 hellisch[*™], ‘hellish. G hdllisch. 
 
 hello, hallo[’*], hello. G hallo, dG hollo. 
 
 hellsackerment|*~~~], m, term of vituperation, 
 
 G heutzutage. 
 
 im -e 
 
 light, daylight, 
 
 hellian: en beesser alter —. G Hodlle+ 
 Sackermenter <G Sakrament. 
 helm[~], m, handle (of a tool). G Helm. 
 
 helse[*~], wooden. G hdlzern. 
 helsel[*~], n, little piece of wood. Dim of 
 Holz. 
 
 helsich[*~], wooden, woody; 
 small wooden dish or goblet. 
 holzig. 
 
 hembeer[*"], f, raspberry; roti —, red rasp- 
 berry; schwarzi —, black raspberry, black- 
 cap. G Himbeere. 
 
 hemm[*], n, pl hemmer, shirt. G Hemd. 
 
 hemmermel|*~~], m, shirt-sleeve. G Hemd- 
 armel. 
 
 hemmche, hemmli[*~], n, little shirt, shirty. 
 
 Dims of Hemd. 
 
 (as noun), n, 
 G hdélzern, 
 
 hemmer[*~]=hen mer, have we. G haben 
 wir. 
 hemmer || breis[*~~], n, wristband; -bussem 
 
 [*~~~], m, shirt bosom; -grajel’ ~~~], m, collar 
 of a shirt; -knepp|*~*l, pl, cheeses, low 
 mallow; -schwans|* ~~], m, shirt-tail. 
 
 hendel{*™], m, handle, bail. G Hand, Henkel. 
 
 hendich[*~], handy, convenient: so — as en 
 sack im hemm. G -hiandig (but in a very 
 different meaning) strongly influenced by 
 E handy. 
 
 hendle[* a pp kendelt, to handle. 
 
 hendler|*~], m, trader, dealer. G Handler. 
 
 hengel[*~], m, bunch (of grapes), string (of 
 fish). dG hangel. 
 
 hengscht[“], m, stallion, lecherous man. G 
 Hengst. 
 
 sna Satoh ata “], 1, canary grass. 
 
 henk[*], f, handle, hinge. G Henkel, Hange. 
 
 The Pennsyloania-German Soctety 
 
 henk[*], bei, by golly. E hang, G Henker. 
 henkbauch[*"], m, paunch. G Hangebauch. 
 henke[*~], pp kenkt, konke, to hang, stick to; 
 es maul —, to pout, sulk; der kopp —, 
 to be downcast, be ashamed. G hangen. 
 henke || glas[*~ yi n, tankard, mug; -karb 
 [*~~], m, basket with a loop handle over 
 the top; -schloss[*~~], n, padlock. 
 henker[*~], m, hangman, deuce; was der —! 
 
 what the deuce! G Henker. 
 henk || mann[*~], m, hangman; -maul[*"], n 
 drooping mouth, pouting person; welte 
 
 [*~~], m, f, weeping-willow. 
 Henner, Henni[’~], Henneri[*~~], m, Henry. 
 dG Henner, Hennerich. 
 hensching[*~], m, mitten, glove. dG hian- 
 sching. 
 hensle[*~], pp kenselt, 
 laughing stock of, be sarcastic. G hinseln. 
 hepp ![“], giddap (call to horses). G hepp. 
 hering[~~], herring[*~], m, herring: so dinn 
 asen—. G Hering. 
 Hess|~], m, Hessian. G Hesse. 
 hesselborich[~~~*~], terribly, awfully. G hassl- 
 +bar +ig. 
 hesselcher[*~~], pl, little 
 Double dim of G Hosen. 
 hesseldonisch, hesselronisch[~~*~], terribly, 
 awfully. G hassl-+ an exaggerating end- 
 ing. Cf mardunisch. 
 aiearc yt “], ugly, terrible; awfully. G hass- 
 ich, 
 hetze[*~], pp ketzt, to set (dogs) on, set 
 (persons) at variance. G hetzen. 
 hewe[~~], pp kowe, to hold, lift. G heben. 
 hewweise[* ~~], n, crowbar. G Hebeisen. 
 hewwel[’~], m, club. G Hebel. 
 hex[~], f, witch, hag. G Hexe. 
 hexe[*~], pp kext, to perform magic. G 
 exen. 
 hexe || buch[*~~], n, conjuring book; -dans 
 [“~~], m, fairy ring or circle (where vegeta- 
 tion is lacking owing to a fungus growth); 
 -dokter[*~~~], m, witch doctor; -glawe 
 [*~"~], m, superstition, belief in witches; 
 -graut[*~"], n, St. John’s wort; -hols[*~~], 
 n, witch hazel; -kimmel[*~~~], m, thorn- 
 apple, stramonium, jimson-weed; -meesch- 
 der[’~~~], m, sorcerer, magician; -mehl 
 [*~"], n, spores of the ground pine; -schuss 
 [*~~], m, shot fired to kill or drive out a 
 witch, word in a powwowing formula for 
 rheumatism, sudden pain in hip or back. 
 hexerei[~~~], f, magic, witchcraft, sorcery, 
 something ‘‘queer’”’. G Hexerei. 
 hi! hi!["], a giggling laugh. G hi. 
 hi*["], thither, there; zr is —, he is done for; 
 es is noch lang —, it is a long time yet; 
 — un her, back and forth, to and fro; 
 des is — wie heer, it is as broad as it is long, 
 six and half a dozen; — un do, here and 
 there; —un widder, nowandthen. Ghin. 
 hi*-[7], separable prefix of verbs, and prefix 
 of derived words. hin-. 
 hi~ || babble[*~~], to prate; -barzle[*~~], to 
 
 to tease, make a 
 
 boy’s_ trousers. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 fall over one’s feet; -basse[~~~], to fit in, 
 be suitable for a place; eens —, to give a 
 rap or slap; -bezahle[~~~~], to pay at a 
 certain place, pay down; -blanse[~~~], to 
 plant in a certain place; sich —, to settle 
 down in a certain position; -blatsche[~~~], 
 to fall or sprawl; -bringe[~~~], to take toa 
 place; -bschtelle[~~~], to order or appoint 
 for a certain place; -derfe[*~~], to be 
 allowed to go to a certain place; -dappe 
 [~~~], to go to a place by chance, walk 
 clumsily; -darjele[~~~~], to reel along; 
 -draje[~~~], to carry thither; -drede[~~~], 
 to step in a certain place; -drehe[~~~], to 
 turn towards; -dreiwe[~~~], to drive to a 
 place; -drolle[~~~], to trot along; -du~[~‘], 
 to put into a place; -fahre[*~~], to drive to 
 a place; -falle[~~~], to fall down; -fiehre 
 [~~~], to lead to a place; -flieje[~~~], to 
 fly to a place; -gackse[~~~], to keep on 
 prating; -geh*[~"], to go toa place, lead to, 
 pass; -gewwe[~~~], to give, hand to; 
 -gniee[~~~], to kneel down; -graddle[~~~], 
 to crawl toa place; -gritzle[~~™~], to scribble 
 down; -gucke[*~~], to look there; -halte 
 [~~~], to aim, sustain one’s part; eens —, 
 to give a slap; -helfe[*~~], to assist (a 
 person) to a place; zhenke[*~~], to hang in 
 a place; -hewe[~~~], to hold, reach, lift to 
 a place; -hocke[~~~], to seat in a place; 
 sich —, to sit down; -jaje[~~~], to chase or 
 drive to a place; -keere[~ ~~, to belong to 
 or in a place; -kenne[*~~], to be able to 
 get to a place; -kumme[~~~], to get to a 
 place, become of; -lafe[~~~], to walk to a 
 place, run to (of liquids), amount to; 
 zlange[~~~], to hand to, suffice; -leie[~~~], 
 to lie down; -leje[~~~], to lay down; sich 
 —, to lie down; -lenglich[~~~], sufficient, 
 adequate; -losse[*~~], to allow (a person) 
 to get to a place; -mache[~~~], to put, 
 build or construct at a certain place, ruin; 
 emeetricke[~~~~], to mark down; -misse 
 [~~~], to be obliged to go toa place; -nemme 
 [*~~], to take to a place; -nischdle[~~~], 
 to cuddle; -rechle[*~~], to reckon to, score; 
 -reeche[~~~], to suffice; -reide[~~~], to 
 ride there; -reisse[~~~], to jerk near to; 
 -richde[*~~], to ruin, spoil; -ricke[~~~], to 
 move near to; -rolle[~~™], to roll to; 
 -rudre[~~~], to row to a place; -rufe[~~™], 
 to call to a place; -rutsche[*~™~], to crawl 
 or slide to a place; -schaffe[~~™], to convey 
 to a place; sich —, to get to a place; 
 -schicke[~~™], to send to a place; -schiewe 
 [~~~], to push towards; <-schitte[*~~], to 
 pour down; =-<schlajje[“~~], to strike at 
 something; eens —, to give (some one) a 
 blow; -schleefe[~~~], to drag to a place; 
 -schleiche[~~~], to sneak along, go along 
 lazily; -schmeisse[~~~], to throw down; 
 -schnelle[*~~], to toss to; -schpringe[~*~~], 
 to run there; -schterze[~~~], to fall (head- 
 long); «schtecke[*~~], to stick in a place, 
 stow (put) away; -schteh™[~"], to stand 
 
 8 
 
 SI 
 
 idle; -schtelle[-~~], to set or put down; 
 sich —, to take one’s place or stand; 
 -schtrecke[~~~], to stretch out; sich —, to 
 lie at full length; -schreiwe[~~~], to write 
 down; -schwimme[*~~], to swim to a 
 place; -sehne[*~~], to see as far as; nau™ 
 sehn emol eener hi~, now look at that; 
 -setze[~~~], to set (put) down; sich —, to 
 sit down; -sicht[~~], f, respect, regard, 
 view; -weise[~ Md IG re) show (the way) there, 
 point to, indicate; -wek[*"], m, the way 
 going; -wenne[~~~], sich, to turn to, apply; 
 -winsche[~~~], sich, to wish oneself there; 
 -wolle[~~~], to want to go to a place; 
 -zackere[~~~~], to work slowly, walk 
 heavily; -zaehle[*~~], to count down; 
 «zieje[~~~], to pull to a place, move to a 
 place. 
 
 hibberdiglibbl-~~+] slap-dash, clip-clap, let 
 ‘er go Gallagher. G hippeln +klipp (im- 
 itating the sound made by a fast moving 
 wagon and horses). 
 
 hibsch[*], pretty, handsome. G hiibsch. 
 
 hickle[*~], pp kickelt, to hop on one leg, limp. 
 
 hikele. 
 
 hiejel[~~] =hiwwel. Q. v. 
 
 hieschdle[*~], pp kieschdelt, to cough slightly. 
 G hiisteln. 
 
 hiesich[*~], of this country. G hiesig. 
 
 hietche[~*~], n, little hat. Dim of G Hut. 
 
 hiete[~~], pp kiet, to watch, guard; sich —, 
 to beware. G hiiten. 
 
 hietmachern[*~~], f, milliner. G Hutmach- 
 erin. 
 
 hift{-], f, hip. G Hiifte. 
 
 hiftelahm[*~~], hip-shot. G hiiftenlahm. 
 
 hiftgnoche[*~~], m, hip-bone. G Hiiftknoch- 
 en. 
 
 hilf[-], f, help. G Hilfe. 
 
 hilflos[’~], helpless, shiftless. G hilflos. 
 
 hilli{*~], f, clothing; di — un filli, di hill un 
 fill, in abundance. G Hiille. 
 
 hilse, hilsich[*~], wooden; en hilsner hammer, 
 a mallet. G hdlzern, MHG hiilzen. 
 
 himmel[*~], m, heaven. G Himmel. 
 
 himmel || blo[*~~], sky-blue; -reich[*~7], n, 
 Santi of heaven; -werts[*~~], heaven- 
 
 ard. 
 
 Himmelfar(t)dak(?~~ 7], m, Ascension Day. 
 G Himmelfahrtstag. 
 
 himmelsbam|[*~~], m, ailanthus. 
 
 himmelsbrief[*~~], m, alleged letter of Jesus 
 Christ. G Himmels +Brief. 
 
 himmelsrose[’~~~], f, rose-of-heaven. G. 
 Himmelsrose. 
 
 himmelswelt[’~*], was in der, what under the 
 sun. G Himmels+Welt. 
 
 himmlisch[*~], heavenly. G phaneaioed 
 
 hinkel[*~], n, chicken. dG hinkel. 
 
 hinkelche[*~~], n, little chicken, chick. Dim 
 of hinkel. 
 
 hinkel || darm[*~~], m, starwort, chickweed; 
 roter —, red chickweed; -dieb[*~ Bee 
 chicken-thief; -dreck(*~*], m, chicken 
 droppings, a trifling matter; -fedder[*~~™], 
 
82 
 
 f, chicken feather; -fleesch[*~"], n, chicken 
 meat, fowl; -fresse[*~~~], n, chicken-feed; 
 sfuder|*~~~], mn, chicken-feed; -gnoche 
 [‘~~~], m, chicken-bone, wishbone; -haus 
 [*~"], n, hen house; -kaschde[*~~~], m, 
 chicken coop; -kewwich[*~~~], m, chicken 
 coop; -laus|*~~], f, chicken louse; -mischt 
 {*~~], m, chicken manure; -nescht[*~~], n, 
 hen’s nest; -oi[*~"], n, hen’s egg; -saddel 
 [*~-~], m, hen-roost; -schtall[*~~], m, 
 chicken house, coop; -schtang|[*~™~], f, roost; 
 -selat[*~~"], m, red-seeded dandelion; -woi 
 ~~"), m, chicken hawk. 
 
 hinkelfuss(gras)[*~~"], n, dG 
 hinkel +G Fuss +G Gras. 
 
 hinn[*], inside, in. dG hinn. 
 
 hinne[*~], behind, in the rear. G hinten. 
 
 hinne || bei[*~~], (approaching) from the rear; 
 -dra|*~*], behind the rest, on behind, be- 
 hindhand; -drauss[~~*], out in the rear, 
 out back, out in the back country; -drin 
 {[*~*], in the rear part of; -driwwer[*~~™], 
 over the back or rump; -drowwe[’ ~*~], way 
 back up; -druff[*~~], on the rear part of, 
 as an afterclap; -drunne[~~*~], down back, 
 down in the rear; -nanner[*~~~], behind 
 each other, tandem; -nannerno[~~~~~], in 
 succession, in Indian file; -naus[*~"], out 
 behind, out the back way, out in the back 
 country; -nei*[*~"], in by way of the rear; 
 enewe|~~~~], (the) off rear (horse); -niwwer 
 [-~*~], over in the rear; -no[’~*], on behind, 
 in the rear, following after, in arrears; 
 enuff[*~~], up by the back way; -nunner 
 [-~*~], down the back way; -raus[*~"], out 
 from behind; -rum[*~~], around behind, 
 clandestinely; -wedder[~~*~], up against 
 in the rear, up against it. 
 
 hinner[*™], behind, after (also in sense of 
 attacking); rear, back; sei” hinners, his 
 posterior. G hinter. 
 
 hinner || achs[*~~], {, rear axle; -beerrjer[’ ~~~], 
 m, one living in the back hills; -bart[*~~], 
 m, defense, answering back, standing firm 
 in an altercation; -bee*[*~], n, hind leg; 
 -deel[*~"], n, rear, stern, hind part, arse; 
 -deer[*~"], f, back door; <drei~[~~*], on 
 behind, after, in pursuit; -fellich[*~~~], 
 failing; -fuss[*~"], m, hind foot; -gang 
 [*~~], m, decline, deception; -geh*[~~*], to 
 deceive; -glotz[*~~], m, back-log; -grund 
 [*~~], m, background; -heer[’~*], on behind, 
 
 ollowing, in the rear; -halt|*~~], f, backing; 
 
 shand[~~*], behindhand, tardy; -leib[’~*], 
 m, venter (of insects); -lischdich[*~~~], 
 cunning, deceitful, treacherous; -losse 
 [~*~], to leave behind, leave; hinnerlossne 
 wittfra, relict; -nanner[‘~~~], after each 
 other, at odds; -rad[*~~], n, hind-wheel; 
 -ricksich[*~~~], backwards; -schunke[*~~™], 
 m, ham; -vertel[*~~~], n, hind quarter (of 
 _beef); -weerts[*~~], backwards. 
 
 hinnerdrei* || geh*[~~*"], to follow closely; 
 skumme|[~~*~~], to follow closely; -schlajje 
 [“~**~], to beat up the rear, follow up; 
 «schtolpere[“~*~~~], to stumble after, trip. 
 
 finger-grass. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 hinnere[*~~], pp kinnert, to hinder, prevent; 
 es hinnert ihn alles, he is very touchy. G 
 hinnern. 
 
 hinnere[*~~] =hinner re. 
 
 hinnerlich[*~~], cumbersome, thwarting; es 
 geht ihm —, he is in poor circumstances, he 
 is working under some physical disability, 
 he is poorly. G hinderlich. 
 
 hinnerlosseschaft[-~*~~], f, estate of a de- 
 ceased person. G Hinterlassenschaft. 
 
 hinnerm[*~] =hinner em. 
 
 hinnerme[*~~] =hinner me. 
 
 hinnernis[*~~], mn, obstacle, 
 Hindernis. 
 
 hinners[*~] =hinner es. 
 
 hinnerscht[*~], hindmost, last; ’s — ’s ved- 
 derscht, hind foremost. G hinterst. 
 
 hinnersich, hinnerschich[*~~], backwards. G 
 hinter sich. 
 
 hinnich[*~], after, behind, following up a 
 matter. dG hinnich. 
 
 hinnichem|*~~] =hinnich em. 
 
 hinnichme[*~~] =hinnich me. 
 
 hinnichre[*~~] =hinnich re. 
 
 hinnichs[*~] =hinnich es. 
 
 hinnri{*~], back to a certain place. 
 hinteri. 
 
 hinnrizus[*~~], (in) the back country, out 
 back. dG hinteri+zus. 
 
 Hiob[*~], m, Job. G Hiob. 
 
 hiobsdroppe[~~~~], m, Job’s comfort. G 
 Hiob +Tropfen. 
 
 hitt[“], f, hut, cabin. G Hiitte. 
 
 hitz[“], f, heat, spell, turn. G Hitze. 
 
 hitze[*~], pp kitzt, to heat. G hitzen, heizen. 
 
 hitzich[*~], fervent, hot-headed, heating. G 
 hitzig. 
 
 hitz || kopp[*~], m, hothead; -offe[*~~], m, 
 stove for heating; -pocke[*~™], pl, prickly 
 heat. 
 
 hiwwe[’~], on this side, over (here); — un 
 driwwe, on both sides, on either side. G 
 hiiben. 
 
 hiwwel[*~], m, hillock, knoll. dG hiwel. G 
 Hiigel, Hiibel. 
 
 hiwwelblumm|[*~~], f, moss pink, ground pink. 
 dG hiwel +G Blume. 
 
 hiwwich[*~], variant of hiwwe, on this side. 
 G hiiben. 
 
 hiwwlich[*~], hilly, undulating. G hiibelig. 
 
 hi*zus[*~], (on the way) going. G hin+dG 
 zZus. 
 
 hm, ahem! humph! what? G hm. 
 
 Hobbertibobb(erti)[-~~*~~], _m, 
 Dumpty; with a bang, headlong. 
 
 hoch["], high, tall; — kumme, to be expen- 
 sive. och. 
 
 hoch || achde[~~™~], to respect, esteem, honor; 
 samt[~~], n, high mass; -beenich[~~~], 
 fashionable, grand; -deitsch[~"], High 
 German; -eibildich[~~~~], self-important, 
 egoistic; -halte[*~~], to esteem highly; 
 -miedich[~*~~], proud, haughty, supercilious; 
 -mut[*"], m, pride, haughtiness; -ndsich 
 [~~~], haughty, uppish; -schtand[*~], m, 
 
 hindrance. G 
 
 dG 
 
 Humpty 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 eminence; -schtendich[*~~], eminent; 
 -schtuhl[*~], m, (baby’s) high chair. 
 
 hochmuts || narr[~~~], m, person of either sex 
 who is vain of dress; -zippel[*~~~], m, 
 person of either sex who is vain of dress. 
 G Hochmutszipfel. 
 
 hochzich[*~], f, wedding. G Hochzeit. 
 
 hochzich || blumm|[*~~], f, name of a flower; 
 -dak[*~'], m, wedding-day; -gleeder[’~ ~~], 
 pl, wedding-clothes; -schmaus[*~"], m, 
 wedding dinner. 
 
 hocke[*~], pp kockt, to sit, squat, seat; sich 
 —, to take a seat. G hocken. 
 
 hode[~~], m, testicle. G Hode. 
 
 hof["], m, yard, farm-place: zr darf mer nim- 
 mi uff der — kumme. G Hof. 
 
 hofdeerle[~~~], n, gate of a yard-fence. G 
 Hof +dim of Tiir. 
 
 hoffe[*~], pp kofft, to hope. G hoffen. 
 
 hoffning, hoffnung[*~], f, hope, expectation; 
 uff der — lewe, to hope for the best. G 
 Hoffnung. 
 
 hoffnungslos[*~~], hopeless. G hoffnungslos. 
 
 hoffnungsvoll[*~~], hopeful, sanguine. G hoff- 
 nungsvoll. 
 
 Hohelied[*~"], n, 
 Hohelied. 
 
 nonn hollow; -e buhne, nothing to it. G 
 
 jc 
 
 Song of Solomon. G 
 
 hohl || eejich[~~~], hollow-eyed; -warzel[*~™], 
 f, birthwort; -zwek[~"], m, sunken road, 
 defile. 
 
 hohn["], m, derision. G Hohn. 
 
 hoi![], hoii![~~], call used in driving cattle. 
 G hui, dG hoi. Cf hui. 
 
 hoi["], n, hay (pronounced with a more open 
 sound than the word above). G Heu. 
 
 hoi || bare, -bore[~~~], m, haymow; -fisch[*™], 
 m, shark; -gawwel[*~~], f, pitchfork; 
 zhaufe[~~~], m, haycock; -leeder[~~™], f, 
 hay-rack (on a wagon); -messer[~~~], knife 
 for cutting hay in the stack; -reche[*~~], 
 m, hayrake; -reff[~~], n, hayrack; -ropper 
 [~~~], m, hay-hook; -zschrecker[*~~], m, 
 -schreck[~~], f, grasshopper; -schtall[*~], 
 m, hay-shed; -schtock[*~], m, haystack; 
 zwajje[~~~], m, haywagon; -wisch[*~], m, 
 wisp of hay. 
 
 hoijet[~~], {, haymaking, haying (time). dG 
 heuet. 
 
 hoke[~~], m, hook, scribbling, awkward 
 person or horse. G Haken. 
 
 hokebluk[*~"], m, shovel plow. G Haken- 
 
 pflug. 
 
 hokespokes[~~~~], hocus-pocus, ‘‘funny busi- 
 ness’’: — dreiwe, was fern — is des widder. 
 (E and) G Hokuspokus. 
 
 Beets pp kokelt, to catch with hooks. G 
 
 akeln. 
 
 holand(s)warzel[*~~~], f, elecampane. G 
 Alantwurzel. Cf olanswarzel. 
 
 hole[*~], holle[*~], pp kolt, to fetch; hol’s der 
 deiwel, hol’s der schinner, actually, by 
 thunder, sure as fate. G holen. 
 
 Hollenner[*~~], m; cr is gschprunge wie en 
 —, he ran like the devil. G Hollander. 
 
 83 
 
 (The expression doubtless originated from 
 der fliegende Hollander. 
 
 holler[*~], m, elder; schwarzer —, American 
 elder; roter —, red-berried elder; zahmer 
 —, European elder. G Holder, Holunder. 
 
 holler || beer[’~~], f, elderberry; -bichs[*~~], 
 f, popgun (made by removing the pith 
 from an elder stem); -blieh[’~~], f, elder- 
 bloom; -flint[*~~], f, popgun. 
 
 hollerboller[*~~~], helter-skelter. G_holter- 
 polter. 
 
 hollox[*~], m, Old Nick, bogieman: der — 
 grickt dich (to deter children). Cf hullux. 
 
 hols[“], n, wood; — bschlajje, to hew logs, 
 
 G Holz. 
 
 hols || appel[*~~], m, crab-apple; -blatz[*~], 
 m, place for chopping wood; -bock[*~], m, 
 saw-buck; -eppeli[’~~*], n, wild (ungrafted) 
 apple; -esch[*~], f, wood ashes; -feier[* ~~], 
 n, wood-fire; -feil[*"], f, rasp; -faran[*-"], 
 -fare[*-~], m, sweet fern; -zhacker[*~~], m, 
 woodchopper; -zhaufe[*~~], m, woodpile; 
 zheisel[~~~], m, woodshed; -kaerbs[*~], 
 f, winter crookneck squash; -kischt[~*™], f, 
 woodchest; -kohle[’~~], pl, charcoal; -kopp 
 [°~], m, blockhead; -land[*~], n, woodland; 
 -offe[*~~], m, wood-burning stove; -ros 
 [*"], n, hollyhock, rose of Sharon; -saek 
 {[*"], f, woodsaw; -schlack[*~], m, patch of 
 woods where the timber has been cut 
 down and young timber is growing; 
 -schlejjel[*~~], m, maul; -schneider[’~~], 
 m, wood-carver; -schopp[*™], m, woodshed; 
 -schraub[*"], f, wooden screw; -wajje[*~~], 
 m, wagon with side-ladders (for hauling 
 wood); -wek[’ |], m, road through a forest 
 (for hauling wood); der — nausgange, 
 gone up the flue, disappeared; -zappe[*~~], 
 m, wooden stake, wooden peg. 
 
 holsich[*~], woody. G holzig. 
 
 holskohlebrenner[’~~~~], m, charcoal burner. 
 G Holzkohlenbrenner. 
 
 hommobdadisch[~~*~], homeopathic. G _ ho- 
 mdopathisch. 
 
 hoor["], f, hair; es hott em ken — gedu’, he 
 suffered not the slightest harm. G Haar. 
 
 hoor["]; -mer, -ni, -nes, (of) hair. G haaren. 
 
 hoor || berscht[~~], f, hair-brush; -band{*~], 
 n, hair-ribbon; -breeding[~~~], f, hair’s- 
 breadth; -dicking[~~~], f, hair’s-breadth; 
 -gnapps[~~], close, to a hair; -netz[*~], n, 
 hair net; -scharf[~~], very exact, very 
 prompt; -schmier[~"], f, pomade; -schpell 
 [*~], f, hairpin; -schwans[~~], m, queue, 
 pigtail; -weerwel[~~~], m, cow-lick. 
 
 hoorich[*~], hairy, hoary, old (of a joke). G 
 haarig. 
 
 hopp[‘], f, pl hoppe (in which form it nearly 
 always occurs), hop; wilde -e, clematis. 
 G Hopfen. 
 
 hopp, hopp, hopp[*], imitating the rapid move- 
 ment of riding. hopp. 
 
 hoppe || glee[*~ ~], m, yellow hop clover, yellow 
 trefoil; -hols[*~~], n, hop hornbeam; 
 -schtang[*~~], f, hop-pole. 
 
 hoppel[*~], f, hopple. G hoppeln. 
 
84 
 
 hopple[*~], pp koppelt, to hopple. G hoppeln. 
 
 hopplich[*~], hobbly, jerkily. G hoppeln. 
 
 hoschdes[*~] =hoscht du es, have you got it? 
 G hast du es. 
 
 hoss![~], giddap (nursery rhyme). 
 
 hosse[‘~], pl, pantaloons, trousers; sie hott 
 
 di — 4°, she wears the breeches. G Hosen. 
 hosse || bee*[*’"], n, trousers leg; -blumm 
 [*~~], f, Dutchman’s breeches; -draejer 
 
 [*~"~], pl, suspenders; -gnopp[*~~], m, 
 trousers button; -latz[*~™], m, fly (of trou- 
 sers); -sack[*~~], m, trousers pocket; 
 -schisser[*~~~], m, shit-breech, precocious 
 youngster; -schittler[*~~~], m, hoe-down; 
 -schnall[*~~], f, buckle of trousers; -sitz 
 [~~~], m, seat of trousers. 
 
 hossle[*~], pp kosselt, to raffle. 
 
 host["], f, host. G Hostie. 
 
 hott [“], gee (call to horses). G hott. 
 
 hottrum[’~], call to horses to turn about to 
 the right. G hott +herum. 
 
 hotzele[*~~], pp kotzelt, to handle, grapple 
 with, hotzen. 
 
 howwe[’~], up; do —, up here. G hoben. 
 
 howwel[*~], f, plane. G Hobel. 
 
 howwel || bank[‘~~], f, carpenter’s bench; 
 seise[*~~~], n, plane bit; -schpa[*~"], m, 
 shaving. 
 
 howwle[*~], pp kowwelt, to plane. G hobeln. 
 
 hu!["], exclamation of disgust or shivering. 
 
 G hu. 
 
 hubbere, hobbere[*~~], pp kubbert, to jolt in 
 passing over a rough surface. G hiipfern. 
 
 huddel[*~], m, rag, tatter, fragment, tangle 
 (in hair), a person or a horse that works in 
 a rapid and unsatisfactory manner, hurry; 
 was is dei’ —, what’s your hurry? G 
 Hudel. 
 
 huddel || lumpe[*~~~], m, wet rag used in 
 cleaning an oven; -schtroh[*~"], n, tangled 
 straw as it comes from the thresher; -wese 
 [*~-~], n, tangled affair; -wisch[*~~], m, 
 wet rag used in cleaning an oven, hasty 
 and unreliable person or horse. 
 
 huddle[*~], pp kuddelt, to work in a hasty 
 and unsatisfactory manner, huddle, walk 
 too fast (of horses), extinguish live coals 
 and sweep up ashes in an oven; driwwer 
 naus —, to do (something) hastily and 
 carelessly. G hudeln. 
 
 huddlerei[~~*], f, working in an overhasty 
 manner, confusion. G Hudelei. 
 
 huddlich[*~], overhasty, careless, confused. 
 Adj from huddle. 
 
 huder[*~], rap, snap; ich gebb ken — drum, 
 I don’t care a rap about it. dG huder, 
 originally same as Hudel. Cf huddel. 
 
 huf["], m, hoof. G Huf. 
 
 hufe|*~], pp kuft, to back up (of horses), 
 cause to back; huf! back up! G hufen. 
 
 huf["] || huff || eise[*~~], n, horseshoe; en — 
 verliere, to have a child out of wedlock; 
 shoor[*"], pl, fetlock; -messer[*~™~], n, 
 farrier’s knife; -najjel{*~~], m, horseshoe- 
 nail; «schmitt[*~], m, horse-shoer. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 hu*hu”[~"], yes. 
 
 hui!["~] =hoi, call used in driving cattle 
 (although this form is mostly used in 
 driving a single head). Variant of hoi. 
 
 hui[*~], nice; varne — un hinne fui, appear- 
 ances are deceptive. G hui. 
 
 hullux, hullox[*~], hullu[*"], m, Old Nick, 
 bogieman; der —!, the deuce! der — 
 grickt dich, the bogieman will get you; 
 hullu! sick ’em, go it! (in urging a dog). 
 
 hulpre[*~], pp kulpert, to move in a jolting 
 or uneven manner. G holpern. 
 
 hulprich[*~], uneven, rough. G holprig. 
 
 hummel, hummler[*~], m, bumblebee. G 
 Hummel. 
 
 hummelnescht[*~], n, bumblebees’ nest. G 
 Hummel +Nest. 
 
 hund[~], m, dog; uff der — kumme, to go to 
 the dogs, be put on the bum; kummt mer 
 iwwer der —, so kummt mer iwwer der 
 schwans, we have overcome the main 
 difficulty, the rest is but a trifle. G Hund. 
 
 hundisch[*~], doggish. G hiindisch. 
 
 hundel, hundli[*~], n, pup, littledog. Dims of 
 G Hund. 
 
 hundstrumpel[*~~]HLF, f, a mere nothing, 
 rap. G Hund+dG trumbel =a trifle. 
 
 hunger[’~], m, hunger. G Hunger. 
 
 hungere[*~~], pp kungert, to famish, hunger. 
 G hungern. 
 
 hungersnot[*~"], f, hunger, famine. G Hun- 
 gersnot. 
 
 hungrich[*~], hungry. G hungrig. 
 
 hunne[*~], down (here), downstairs. G hun- 
 
 ten. 
 
 hunnemol[*~*], surely. 
 
 hunnert[*~], hundred; en — johr, a century. 
 G hundert, dG hunnert. 
 
 hunnert || dausend[’~*~], hundred thousand; 
 zjaehrich[*~~~], centennial; -weis[*~"], by 
 hundreds. 
 
 hunnertscht[*~], hundredth. G hundertst. 
 
 hunnich[*~], m, honey. G Honig. 
 
 hunnich || appel[*~~~], m, species of apple; 
 -brot[*~~], n, ginger bread; -kuche[*~~~], m, 
 ginger bread; -siess[*~~], sweet as honey; 
 -suckel[*~~~], honeysuckle; -vojjel[*~~~], 
 humming bird; -wasser[*~~~], n, hydromel. 
 
 huns || blumm[*~], f, butter-and-eggs, toad- 
 flax; -bohne, -buhne[* ~~], pl, nonsense; -dak 
 [*"], m, dog-day; -dratt[*~], m, dog-trot; 
 -dreck[*~], m, dog excrement, trifle: alle 
 —; -fett[*~], n, dog’s fat; -fotz[’~], f, rap; 
 ich gebb ken — drum, I don’t care a rap 
 about it; -granket|*~™~], f, distemper; -gras 
 [*"], n, couch grass, quitch grass; -graut 
 *], n, spreading dogbane; -hols[*~], n, 
 dogwood; -iwwel[*~~], very miserably; 
 -kopp[*~], m, dog’s head, dog’s skull; -leis 
 [*"], pl, enchanter’s nightshade; -lewe[*~~], 
 n, dog’s life, miserable life; -rick[*~], m, 
 ridge, foothill; -(H-)schtern[*~], f, Dog- 
 star; -schtall[*~], m, (dog-)kennel; -wese 
 [*-~], n, detestable affair; -wetter[*~~], 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 n, very bad weather; -zung[°*~], f, rattle- 
 snake weed; houndstongue. 
 hunsfotzegraut[’ ~~ “], n, hyoscyamus. 
 hunsglett[*~], f, cocklebur; gleeni —, common 
 houndstongue. 
 Sana debilitated, miserable. G hund- 
 
 hup-di-duden-du[~ ~~*], nursery term (used 
 in riding a child on the knee.) 
 
 hupse[*~], pp kupst, tohop, jump. Ghupsen. 
 
 hupsgrott[*~], f, toad. G hupsen +Krdte. 
 
 hur[7], f, whore. G Hure. 
 hure[~ “I, p pp kurt, to fornicate. G huren. 
 hure || bull[~~~], m, whoremonger; -haus 
 
 {[“~"], n, brothel; -hengscht[*~~], m, whore- 
 monger; -kind[~~~], n, bastard; -nescht 
 [~~~], n, brothel, dive. 
 
 hurerei["~*], f, whoring. G Hurerei. 
 
 hurrah[**], hurrah. G hurrah. 
 
 ita atie kurraht, to hurrah. G hurra- 
 
 en. 
 
 huschde[*~], pp kuscht, to cough. G husten. 
 
 huschde[*~], m, cough. G Husten. 
 
 huss[], call used in driving pigs: —sau. G 
 huss. 
 
 hut["], m, pl hiet, hat; in der — bete, to say 
 a silent prayer after taking one’s seat in 
 church. G Hut. 
 
 hut || band[~~], n, hatband; -macher[*~~], m, 
 hatter; -ranft[*~], m, brim of a hat; 
 -zucker[~~~], m, loaf-sugar. 
 
 hutsch[~], hutschel, hutschli[’~], hutschelche 
 [*~~], n, colt, foal. dG hutsch. 
 
 hutschefuss[*~"], m, coltsfoot. Tr from E 
 coltsfoot. 
 
 hutschle[*~], pp kutschelt, to whinny. Verb 
 from hutsch. 
 
 hutzel[*~], f, dried peach; hutzle, dried fruit: 
 en alti —, a wrinkled old woman. G 
 Hutzel. 
 
 hutzlich[*~], wrinkled, shriveled; 
 — aus, things look desperate. 
 
 es guckt 
 G hutzlig. 
 
 I 
 
 ich[~], I. a ich. ; 
 
 iebing[~~], f, practice. G Ubung. 
 
 iedrich[~~], m, cud (of ruminants), first 
 stomach (of cattle); der — verliere, to be 
 unable to chew the cud (of cattle). dG 
 idrig. 
 
 iedriche[~~~], pp geiedricht, to chew the cud. 
 dG idrige. 
 
 iem["], f, bee. dG im, imme. 
 
 ieme || brot[*~ “], n, beebread; -brud[*~*], f 
 brood of bees just hatching; -fresser[“~~~], 
 m, bee-eater; -karb[*~~], m, beehive; -ros 
 fecha Pate honeycomb; -schtand[~~“1, m, 
 stand for beehives; -schwarm[*~~], m, 
 swarm of bees; -wachs[*~~], m, beeswax. 
 
 iemens[*~], u~mens[*~], f, ant, pismire. dG 
 imes. G Ameise. 
 iemense || haufe[~~~~~], m, anthill; -nescht 
 
 etal Hi anthill; 
 ants in grass. 
 
 -pad[~~~~], m, track of 
 
 85 
 
 iems[7], ims[~], m, meal. dG imbs, G Imbiss. 
 
 iemszeit[~~], imszeit[*"], f, mealtime. dG 
 imbs +G Zeit. 
 
 iewe[~~], pp geiebt, to exercise, try especially 
 to do; sich —, to retch. G tiben. 
 
 igel[~~], m, porcupine. G Igel. 
 
 ihm|"], em|~ ], (to) him. G ihm. 
 
 ihn[7], en["], him. G ihn. 
 
 ihne[~~], ne[~], (to) them. G ihnen. 
 
 ihr["], her(adj). G ihr. 
 
 ihre[~~], re[“], to her. G ihr. 
 
 ihrem[~~], (to) her (adj.). G ihrem. 
 
 ihrer, ihri, ihres[~~], hers(pr). G ihrer. 
 
 ihresgleiche[*~~~], like her, of her kind. G 
 ihresgleichen. 
 
 ihrze[~~], pp geihrzt, to address a person 
 with the pronoun ihr. G ihrzen. 
 
 ija[~*], yes, why yes (pleasant assent). G 
 
 i+ja. 
 im[“] =in em, inthe. G im. 
 imber[*~], m, ginger. G Ingwer. 
 
 imbiss[*~], m, light lunch. G Imbiss. 
 
 imme[*~] =in me, ina. Gin einem. 
 
 immer[*~], always, ever; — un ewich, for 
 ever and ever; — un ewich net, never in 
 the world. G immer. 
 
 immer || fart[*~~], always, everlastingly; -meh” 
 [*~"], more and more; -waehrend|[*~ ~~], ever- 
 lasting, perpetual. 
 
 imschtand[-’], able to, reckless enough to. 
 G imstande. 
 
 in[~], in, into, ati Gan 
 
 indigo[*~™], m, indigo. ve Indigo. 
 
 indressant[~ -2) interesting. G interessant. 
 
 indresse[*~~], f, interest. G Interesse. 
 
 indressiert[~~~], interested. G interessiert. 
 
 inem[*~] =in ihm, in him. G in ihm. 
 
 inenanner[*~~~], in(to) one another, in(to) 
 
 each other; — drin, tangled. G_ inei- 
 nander. 
 
 inenannermache[’~~~~~ ], pp  inenannerge- 
 macht, to put or fit together. G ineinander 
 +machen. 
 
 infam(t)[“*], confounded(ly), low-down: es is 
 — kalt, verdollt infamt perseenlich (EH). 
 
 G infam. 
 ingeweid[’~"], n, entrails, viscera. G Einge- 
 weide. 
 inhalt[*~], m, content(s). G Inhalt. 
 inne[*~], inside, within. G inne. 
 
 inne[*~] =in ihne, in them. G in ihnen. 
 
 inner[*~], inner. G inner. 
 
 inner[*~], within (prep). G inner. 
 
 inneraus[*~"], from within. G innen +her- 
 aus. 
 
 innerlich[*~~], internal. G innerlich. 
 
 innerme[*~~] =inner me, within a. 
 einem. 
 
 innerscht[*~], innermost. G innerst. 
 
 innewerre[’~~~], pp innewerre, to learn, find 
 out. G innewerden. 
 
 inre[’~] =in re, in a. G in einer. 
 
 ins[~] =in es, into a. G ins. 
 
 inschdrument[“~*], n, instrument. 
 ment. 
 
 G inner 
 
 G Instru- 
 
86 
 
 inschlich[*~], n, tallow. dG inschlich(t). 
 
 inschlichlicht[*~~], n, tallow candle. dG 
 inschlich +G Licht. 
 inschtandich, inschtandlich[~*~], instantly. 
 
 G instandig. 
 insekt[*~], n, insect. G Insekt. 
 insel[’~], f, island. G Insel. 
 
 inwennich[° ~ “], inside. G inwendig. , 
 inzwee[“*], in two, in pieces. G in zwei, 
 entzwei. 
 
 inzwee || breche[“~~~], to break in two; -falle 
 [--~~], to fall apart; -schlajje[-“~~], to 
 break to pieces. 
 
 inzwische[~*~], in between. G inzwischen. 
 
 irrehaus|’~~],n,insaneasylum. GIrrenhaus. 
 
 Israel[*~~], m, kinner, children of Israel. G 
 Israel. 
 
 Isrel[*~], m, Israel (given name). G Israel. 
 
 iwwell[*~], evil, bad, calamitous, nauseated; 
 es is mer —, I am sick at the stomach; 
 —  nemme, to take offence; — odder wohl, 
 willy-nilly; — gucke, to look bad. Géitibel. 
 
 iwwel || daeder[*~~~], m, evildoer; -geruch 
 [*~~~], m, bad odor; -guckich[’~~~], of a 
 
 bad color, evil-looking; -wolle[*~~~], 
 malevolence. 
 
 iwwele[*~~], pp geiwwelt, to nauseate, sicken. 
 G iibeln. 
 
 iwwelich[*~~], mauseated, nauseating. Adj 
 
 from iwwele. 
 
 iwwelscht[*~], worst. G iibelst. 
 
 iwwer|’~], over, past, again, above, during, 
 while; — kopp un ohre, head over heels; 
 ee” mol -s anner, again and again; — un 
 —, repeatedly; zr is bees — mich, he is 
 angry with me. G iiber. 
 
 iwwer-[°~], separable and inseparable prefix 
 of verbs. G iiber-. 
 
 iwwerall[*~~], iwwerallich[*~~~], everywhere. 
 G iiberall. 
 
 iwweraus|~~~], exceedingly, very; (adj) very 
 fine; -e grumbeere, very fine potatoes; 
 en -i scheeni fra, a very pretty woman. 
 G iiberaus. 
 
 iwwerberrjer[*~~~], m, person living on the 
 other side of the Blue Mountain. Giiber+ 
 Berg. 
 
 iwwerbaue[*~ ~~], 
 G iiberbauen. 
 
 iwwerbeenich|* ~~~], 
 Beine. 
 
 iwwerbiete[~~*~], pp iwwerbotte, to outbid, 
 overbid. G iiberbieten. 
 
 iwwerbinne|*~~~], pp iwwergebunne, to tie 
 over; [~~**], pp iwwerbunne, to hold 
 (under bond or bail). G iiberbinden. 
 
 iwwerbleibsel[*~~~], n, remainder, remnant. 
 G Uberbleibsel. 
 
 iwwerbrenne|*~~~], pp iwwergebrennt, to 
 burn underbrush or weeds from a tract. 
 G iiberbrennen. 
 
 iwwerdeck[*~~], f, bed-quilt. G 
 Uberdecke. 
 
 iwwerdecke[*~~~], pp iwwergedeckt, to spread 
 (something) over; [“~*~], pp itwwerdeckt, to 
 put a roof on. G iiberdecken. 
 
 pp iwwergebaut, to rebuild. 
 
 criss-cross. G _ itiber+ 
 
 coverlet, 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Soctety 
 
 iwwerdem|[*~~], soon, presently, ina moment, 
 just then, nearly. G iiberdem. 
 
 iwwerdenke[‘ ~~~], pp iwwergedenkt, to think 
 over, ponder. G itiberdenken. 
 
 iwwerdrachde[~~*~], pp iwwerdracht, to con- 
 sider, examine. G iiber +trachten. 
 
 iwwerdraje[*~~~], pp iwwergedraje, to carry 
 over, transfer. G iibertragen. 
 
 iwwerdrede[~ ~~~], pp iwwerdrede, to trespass, 
 infringe. G tibertreten. 
 
 iwwerdreder[~~*~], m, offender, transgressor. 
 G Ubertreter. 
 
 iwwerdreffe[~ ~*~], pp iwwerdroffe, to surpass, 
 excel. G iibertreffen. 
 
 iwwerdreiwe[ ~*~], pp iwwerdriwwe, to over- 
 do, exaggerate. G iibertreiben. 
 
 iwwerdrissich[*~~~], disgusted, 
 iiberdriissig. 
 
 iwwerdu”[*~"], pp iwwergedu’, to do over, 
 put on (the stove) to boil; [~~~], pp iwwer- 
 du’, to overdo; sich —, to over-exert one- 
 self. G iibertun. 
 
 iwwerecks[*~~], oblique, silly, foolish, awk- 
 ward. dG iwwerricks. 
 
 iwwerecksich[*~~~], contrary. dG iwwerick- 
 si 
 
 fie Oe re Ut, -+=~~], pp (same), to 
 be in agreement, tally. G iiberein (heraus) 
 kommen. 
 
 iwwereensschtimme[’~*~~], pp iwwereens- 
 gschtimmt, to agree. G iibereinstimmen. 
 
 iwwereiling[~~*~], f, (mistake made through) 
 overhaste. G Ubereilung. 
 
 iwwereilt[~ borg f hasty. — G iibereilt. 
 
 iwwerei~schtimme[~~~~~ ] pp iwwerei’- 
 gschtimmt, to concur, harmonize, coincide. 
 G iibereinstimmen. 
 
 weary. G 
 
 iwwerei~schtimmich[’~*~~], consistent. G 
 iibereinstimmig. 
 iwwer(e)nanner[*~~~~], one above (over, on 
 
 top of) another. G tibereinander. 
 
 iwwerenannerfalle[*~~~~~~ ], pp iwwerenan- 
 nergfalle, to fall over each other. G 
 iibereinanderfallen. 
 
 iwwerfalle[-~*~], pp iwwerfalle, to surprise. 
 G iiberfallen. 
 
 iwwerfiehre[~ ~*~], iwwerfiehrt, to convict. G 
 iiberfiihren. 
 
 iwwerflissich[*~ ~~], 
 G iberfliissig. 
 
 iwwerfluss[*~~], m, abundance, plenty, sur- 
 plus, superabundance. G Uberfluss. 
 
 iwwerfresse[~ ~*~], pp iwwerfresse, sich, to eat 
 too much (of animals). G iiberfressen. 
 
 iwwergelernt[*~~~], crack-brained. G iiber + 
 gelernt. 
 
 iwwergenunk[*~~~], more than enough. G 
 iibergenug. 
 
 iwwergewwe[~*~], pp iwwergewwe, to hand 
 over, cede, assign, commit; sich —, to 
 surrender. G iibergeben. 
 
 iwwergewicht[*~~~], n, preponderance, over- 
 weight. G Ubergewicht. 
 
 iwwergiesse[*~~~], pp iwwergegosse, to cast 
 over; [~~*~], pp iwwergosse, to suffuse. 
 G iibergiessen. 
 
 abundant, superfluous. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 iwwergrabsche[~~*~], pp iwwergrabscht, sich, 
 
 to retain an undue proportion. G iiber + 
 grapsen. 
 iwwergratze[*~~~], pp iwwergegratzt, to 
 
 scratch over. G iiber+kratzen. 
 iwwergreife[-~*~], pp iwwergriffe, sich, to 
 overreach oneself. G iibergreifen. 
 iwwergscheit[*~], conceited. G iber+ge- 
 scheit. 
 iwwergucke[*~~~], pp iwwergeguckt, to look 
 over; [~~*~], pp iwwerguckt, to overlook. 
 G iiber +gucken. 
 
 iwwerhand[*~~] gewinne, to gain the upper 
 
 hand; — nemme, to overrun, become pre- 
 ponderant; di — hawwe, to have the upper 
 hand. G iiberhand. 
 
 iwwerhapt|[-~*], in general, in lump quantity, 
 by the lot. G iiberhaupt. 
 
 iwwerheere[~ ~*~], pp iwwerheert, to overhear. 
 G iiberhéren. 
 
 iwwerheifle[~~~~], pp iwwerheifelt, to over- 
 whelm with. G iiberhaufen. 
 
 iwwerhewe[~~*~], pp iwwerhowe, sich, to 
 injure oneself by lifting too much, presume. 
 G iiberheben. 
 
 iwwerhitze[*~~~], pp iwwerkitzt, to heat over; 
 [-~**], pp iwwerhitzt, to overheat; sich —, 
 to become overheated. G tiberhitzen. 
 
 iwwerhole[~~*~], pp iwwerholt, to catch up 
 with, repeat. G iiberholen. ; 
 
 iwwerhosse[*~~~], pl, overalls. G Uberhosen. 
 
 iwwerhuppe[“~*~], pp iwwerhuppt, to skip, 
 pass by, omit. Gé iiberhiipfen. 
 
 iwwerkoche[*~~~], pp iwwergekocht, to boil 
 over. G iiberkochen. 
 
 iwwerkumme|[~~*~], pp iwwerkumme, to con- 
 quer, overcome, prevail. Tr of E overcome. 
 
 iwwerlade[*~ ~~], pp iwwergelade, to load over; 
 [-~*~], pp iwwerlade, to overload, surfeit. 
 G iiberladen. 
 
 iwwerlafe[*~~~], pp iwwergeloffe, to run over; 
 [-~*~], pp iwwerloffe, to give a feeling of, 
 chill. G iiberlaufen. 
 
 iwwerleje[*~~~], pp iwwergelekt, to postpone; 
 [-~*“], pp iwwerlekt, to consider, ponder. 
 G iiberlegen. 
 
 iwwerleschdich[*~~™~], troublesome. Gé iiber- 
 lastig. 
 iwwerletzich[*~~~], here and there; — 
 
 schtofft, remnants. Cf eeletzich. 
 iwwerlewe[*~ ~~], pp iwwergelebt, to live over 
 again; [~~*~], pp iwwerlebt, to outlive. G 
 
 iiberleben. 
 
 iwwerliefere[~ ~*~~ ], iwwerliffere, iwwerliw- 
 were[~~*~ ee pp iwwerliefert, to deliver, 
 hand over. G tiberliefern. 
 
 iwwerlosse[~~*~], pp iwwerlosse, to entrust, 
 relinquish. G tiberlassen. 
 
 iwwerm|[*~] =iwwer em. 
 
 iwwermache[*~ ~~], pp iwwergemacht, to make 
 over, repeat; [~~*~], pp iwwermacht, to 
 transfer. G tibermachen. 
 
 iwwermaessich[*~~~], extravagant. G iiber- 
 massig. 
 
 iwwermarje[*~~~], day after tomorrow. G 
 iibermorgen. 
 
 87 
 
 iwwerme|[*~~] =iwwer me. 
 
 iwwermenschlich[*~~~], 
 iibermenschlich. 
 
 iwwern|’~] =iwwer en. 
 
 iwwernacht[~~~], overnight. G itibernacht. 
 
 iwwernaehe[*~~~], pp iwwergenaeht, to sew 
 over again. G iibernahen. 
 
 iwwernannernei*[“~~~*], in confusion, pell- 
 mell. G tibereinander +hinein. 
 
 iwwernemme|*~~~], pp iwwergenumme, to 
 take upon one’s self, take over; [“~*™~], pp 
 iwwernumme, to undertake, take charge of, 
 take advantage of, overtake. G_ tiber- 
 nehmen. 
 
 iwwerpacke[*~~~], pp iwwergepackt, to pack 
 over. G iiberpacken. 
 
 iwwerre[* ~~] =iwwer re. 
 
 iwwerrasche[~~*~], pp iwwerrascht, to sur- 
 
 superhuman. G 
 
 prise, come upon suddenly. G_ itiber- 
 raschen. 
 iwwerrechle[~~*~], pp iwwerrechelt, sich, to 
 
 make one’s computation too high. G 
 ‘iiberrechnen. 
 iwwerrescht[*~~], m, remainder, remnant. G 
 Uberrest. k 
 iwwerrock[*~~], m, overcoat. G Uberrock. 
 iwwerrumple[~~*~], pp iwwerrumpelt, to take 
 by surprise. G tberrumpeln. 
 iwwers|*~] =iwwer es. 
 iwwersaufe[-~~~], pp iwwersoffe, 
 drink too much. Gé iibersaufen. 
 iwwerschaffe[*~~~], pp iwwergschafft, to do 
 over. G iiber+dG schaffen. 
 iwwerschaudre[~~~~], pp iwwerschaudert, to 
 have a chilly sensation. G iiberschaudern. 
 iwwerschich[*~~], upwards. dG tibersich. 
 iwwerschiesse[’~~~], pp iwwergschosse, to 
 pass rapidly over; [-~*~], pp iwwerschosse, 
 to overreckon, flush. G iiberschiessen. 
 iwwerschinne[*~~~], pp iwwergschunne, to 
 
 sich, to 
 
 skimp, do something perfunctorily. G 
 iiber +schinden. 
 
 iwwerschlajje[*~~~], pp iwwergschlajje, to 
 tumble; [“~*~], pp 1wwerschlajje, to sur- 
 
 prise, temper (air in a room), cover with a 
 thin coat of paint. G iiberschlagen. 
 
 iwwerschlechtich[’ ~~~], overshot (mill-wheel). 
 G tiberschlachtig. 
 
 iwwerschleefe[’~~~], pp iwwergschleeft, to 
 drag (a field). G tiber+schleifen. 
 
 iwwerschmelse[*~~~], pp iwwergschmolse, to 
 melt again. G iiberschmelzen. 
 
 iwwerschmiere[*~~~], pp iwwergschmiert, to 
 daub, do work hastily. G iiberschmieren. 
 
 iwwerschnappe|° ~*~], pp iwwerschnappt, sich, 
 to talk indiscretely, betray a secret. 
 iiberschnappen. 
 
 iwwerschneppe[’~~~], pp iwwergschneppt, to 
 
 fall over from top-heaviness. G iiber+ 
 schneppe. 
 iwwerschpinne[~~*~], pp iwwerschpunne, to 
 
 cover with webs, enmesh. Gé iiberspinnen. 
 iwwerschreiwe[*~~~], pp iwwergschriwwe, to 
 rewrite. G iiberschreiben. 
 iwwerschrift[*~~], f, superscription, address. 
 G Uberschrift. 
 
88 
 
 iwwerschritte[*~~~], pp iwwergschritt, to pace 
 over or off; [*~*’~], pp iwwerschritt, to go 
 too far. G iiberschreiten. 
 
 iwwerschteh*|’~*], pp iwwerschtanne, to 
 surmount, survive, be over with. Gé iiber- 
 stehen. 
 
 iwwerschtehende[*~~~~], im, when the horns 
 of the moon point up. Gé iiberstehend. 
 
 iwwerschtilpe[*~~~], pp iwwergschtilpt, to 
 overturn. Gé iiberstiilpen. 
 
 iwwerschtock[*~~], m, skirt. 
 
 iwwerschtolpere[~~*~™], pp iwwerschtolpert, 
 to stumble over. G iiber +stolpern. 
 
 iwwerschtudiere[“~~~~], pp iwwerschtudiert, 
 sich, to injure one’s health by overstudy. 
 G iiberstudieren. 
 
 iwwerschuh[*’"], m, overshoe, rubber. G 
 Oberschuh. 
 
 iwwerschuss|*~~], m, surplus, overshoot. G 
 
 berschuss. 
 
 iwwerschwemme|~~*~], pp iwwerschwemmt, 
 to inundate, flood. G iiberschwemmen. 
 
 iwwerschwemming[~~*~], f, inundation. G 
 Uberschwemmung. 
 
 iwwerschwetze[*~~~], pp iwwergschwetzt, to 
 talk over, discuss. G tiberschwatzen. 
 
 iwwersehe, iwwersehne[~ “=~, pp iwwersehne, 
 to oversee, survey; sich —, to overlook 
 
 G iiber +Stock. 
 
 _ (a matter). G tibersehen. 
 
 Dy halal at m, overseer. G iiberse- 
 en. 
 
 iwwersetze[*~~~], pp iwwergsetzt, to ferry, 
 
 set over, reset; [“~*~], pp iwwersetzt, to 
 translate. G iibersetzen. Hs 
 
 iwwersetzer[~~*~], m, translator. G Uber- 
 setzer. 
 
 iwwersichtich[*~~~], crosseyed. G_ tibersich- 
 tig. 
 
 iwwerwachse[~~*~], pp iwwerwachse, to over- 
 grow. G iiberwachsen. 
 
 iwwerweise[~ ~~~], pp iwwerwisse, to convince, 
 prove (a matter). G iiberweisen. 
 
 iwwerweldich[“~*~], immense. 
 tigen 
 
 iwwerweldiche[~*~~], pp iwwerweldicht, to 
 overcome, overpower, subdue, conquer. G 
 iiberwaltigen. 
 
 iwwerwelse|*~~~], pp iwwergewelst, to roll 
 Over, overturn. G iiberwdlzen. 
 
 iwwerwickle[*~~~], pp iwwergewickelt, to 
 wind over, cover. G tiberwickeln. 
 
 iwwerwinne, iwwerwinde[’~*~], pp iwwer- 
 wunne, to prevail, conquer. G iiberwinden. 
 
 iwwerzeije[’~**], p pp iwwerzeicht, to convince. 
 G iiberzeigen. 
 
 iwwerzeijung[’~*~], f, persuasion. G Uber- 
 zeigung. 
 
 iwwerzieje[*~ ~~], pp iwwergezojje, to draw 
 over, cover; [“~~~], pp iwwerzojje, to up- 
 holster. G iiberziehen. 
 
 iwwerzuck[*~~], m, case for a feather bed. G 
 
 berzug. 
 
 iwwerzwertrich[*~~~], crossways, against the 
 grain, contrary. G iiberzwerch. 
 
 iwwler[*~], worse. G iibler. 
 
 G_ iiberwdl- 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 iwwreweil[-~*], after a while, soon. G iiber 
 eine Weile. 
 
 iwwrich[*~], over, 
 left, superfluous. 
 
 remaining, not wanted, 
 
 G iibrig. 
 
 J 
 
 ja, jar[-], ja[], yes; —, was ich saje wott, 
 oh, by the way, I was going to say; geh” — 
 net weck, don’t leave on any account. G 
 {avn Con 
 
 jacht[‘], f, noise, lark. dG jacht. 
 
 jacht[“], f, hunt; uff der — sei“, to be looking 
 for some one or something. G Jagd. 
 
 jachtich[*~], noisy. dG jacht +ig. 
 
 jackbautsch[*"], hunting bag. G Jagd+ 
 Bausch. 
 
 jackere, jackere[*~~], gejackert, to jog along. 
 G jackeln. 
 
 jaehlings[~ 
 jahlings. 
 
 jaehre, gaehre[~~], pp gejaehrt, to ferment. 
 G gahren. 
 
 jaehre[~~], pp gejaehrt, sich, to have one’s 
 birthday anniversary. G jahren. 
 
 jaehrich[*~], a year old; en — rind, a yearling 
 heifer. G jahrig. 
 
 jaehrlich[~~], yearly, every year. G jahrlich. 
 
 jaebrlichfescht[~~~], n, anniversary. G Jahr- 
 
 “], precipitately, sheer down. G 
 
 esfest. 
 jaejer[~~], m, hunter. G Jager. 
 jaejere[~~~], pp gejaejert, to hunt. G 
 
 jagern. 
 jaejerei{ ~~], f, hunting. G Jagerei. 
 
 jaemere[~~~], pp gejaemert, to groan. G 
 jammern. 
 Jerrick, Jarrich[’~], m, George. G Georg, 
 G Jerj. 
 jaje[“~], pp gejakt, to chase, hunt, drive fast, 
 drive (as the wind the clouds). G jagen. 
 
 jakhund[*~], m, hound. G Jagdhund. 
 
 vakob[-“I, Jokkob[*~], m, Jacob. G Jakob. 
 
 Jakobus[“*~], m, St. James’ Day (July 25). 
 G Jakobus. 
 
 jammer[*~], m, trouble, misery: — un elend. 
 G Jammer. 
 
 eS “], n, vale of tears. G Jammer- 
 ta 
 
 jammere[*~~], pp gejammert, to moan, la- 
 ment; sich —, to move one to pity. G 
 jammern. 
 
 Januar[*~"], m, January. G Januar. 
 
 jauchze[*~], pp gejauchzt, to shout. G 
 jauchzen. 
 
 jauner[~~], m, swindler. G Gauner. 
 
 jaunse[~~], pp gejaunst, to complain, grumble, 
 
 yelp. dG jangsle, jaunere. 
 
 jautze[*~], pp gejautzt, to bark, shout. dG 
 gauze. 
 
 jawart[*~], jowart[~“], mn, yes, assent. G 
 Jawort. 
 
 je![]; ach —! ach du —! dear me! G je 
 <Jesus. 
 
 je[], ever (rare). G je. 
 
Pennsyloania-German Dictionary 
 
 jeder, jederi[~~~], jedes (jeder)[~~], adj, each. 
 G jeder. 
 
 jedermann|[*~~], 
 jedermann. 
 
 jeders[~~], everyone, each one. G jeder. 
 
 jederzeit[~~~], at all times. G jederzeit. 
 
 jedesmol[~~"], each time, every time. G 
 jedesmal. 
 
 jedoch[~’], however. G jedoch. 
 
 jedrer, jedri, jedres[~~], pr, each one, every- 
 one. G (ein) jeder. 
 
 jase “|, vun, from the remotest time. G 
 eher. 
 
 foniicher: jeklichi[~~~], jeklich[“~], pr, each. 
 G jeglich. 
 
 everyone, everybody. G 
 
 jemmerlich[*~~], pitiful, deplorable. G jaim- 
 merlich. 
 
 jemols[~"], ever. G jemals. 
 
 Jenner[’~], m, January. dG Jenner. 
 
 Jeses, Jesus[~~], m, Jesus. G Jesus. 
 
 jesesbrief[~~"], m, alleged letter of Jesus 
 Christ. GJesus+Brief. Cf himmelsbrief. 
 
 jess[‘], flurry (of temper), tantrum: eer is in 
 en—kumme. MHG jest, dG jast, G Jast. 
 
 jetz, jetzt[], now; do jetz, recently. G 
 jetzt, dG jetz. 
 
 jetzich[*~], present. G jetzig. 
 
 jinger[*~], younger, junior; —, m, disciple. 
 G jiinger. 
 
 jingling[*~], m, youth. G Jiingling. 
 
 jingscht[“], youngest; der — dak, Judgment 
 Day. G jiingst. 
 
 jo[], yes, you know, by all means, why (in 
 an exclamation) ; usually takes the place 
 of ja in a negative injunction, and always 
 takes the place of ja in answer to a negative 
 question or when a statement is the oppo- 
 site of what the person addressed expects; 
 geh — net weck, don’t leave under any 
 circumstances; ei, du guckscht — gans 
 bleech, why, you look quite pale; ich habb 
 der’s — gsat, I told you, didn’t I; do is er 
 —, why, here he is; ‘‘gehscht net mit?” 
 
 ‘So,’ “aren’t you coming along?’ ‘“‘yes’’; 
 “‘hoschdes?”’ ‘‘ja’’; ‘‘hoschdes net?’’ ‘‘jo.’’ 
 joch[~], n, yoke. G Joch. 
 
 joche[’~], pp gejocht, to yoke. 
 joch || hols[*~], n, yoke; 
 
 . chuck rib. 
 
 Jockli, Jockel[*~], m, Jack, Jakey. G Jockel. 
 
 G jochen. 
 -schtick[*~], n, 
 
 jodle[~~], pp gejodelt, to yodle. G jodeln. 
 Joel[~~], m, Joel. G Joel. 
 Johannes[~’~], m, John. G Johannes. 
 
 johannsgraut[~~"], n, St. John’s wort. G 
 Johanniskraut. 
 
 johle[~~], pp gejohlt, to yell, shout. G johlen. 
 johr["], n, year. G Jahr. 
 johr || aus[““], year out; -ei*["*], year in; 
 
 -gang[~~], m, season; -hunnert|- *~], n, cen- 
 tury; -zahl[~"], f, year, date. 
 
 johre |! lang[~~™], for years; -weis[~~"], sev- 
 eral years in succession, (in) odd or scatter- 
 ing years: so —. 
 
 johr(e)szeit[~~~], f, season. G Jahreszeit. 
 
 89 
 
 johrsdak[~~], m, festival or anniversary day, 
 September 24 (Schwenckfelder). 
 
 Joli[~~], m, dim of Joseph or Joel. dG Johli. 
 
 Jones, Joni[~~], m, Jonas, Jonathan. G 
 Jonas. 
 
 Jordan|*~], m, Jordan. G Jordan. 
 
 Jost["], m, Yost. G Jost. 
 
 jubele[~~~], pp gejubelt, to shout. G jubeln. 
 
 jubelfescht[~~~], n, jubilee. G 1 aarti 
 
 juchend|[~~], f, youth. G Jugend. 
 
 jucke[*~], pp gejuckt, to jerk, fidget. G 
 jucken. 
 
 Juli[*~], m, July. G Juli. 
 
 jung[], young; der —, the boy; -er ber, cub; 
 -i daub, squab; -er hahne, cockerel; -er hund, 
 pup; — hinkel, pullet; -er leeb, whelp; -e 
 grieje, to litter, farrow. G jung. 
 
 jung || fra, -frau[’"], f, virgin, (J-) Virgo 
 (sign of the zodiac); zgeselle[’”~™~], m, 
 bachelor. 
 
 Juni[~~], m, June. G Juni. 
 
 juschdis[*~], m, justice of the peace. G 
 Justiz. 
 
 juscht, uscht[*], just, just now, only. G just. 
 
 juschtament[~~~*], exactly (so). G justement. 
 
 jutt["], m, atlas bone. dG Jud=Teil des 
 Riickgrats am Schweinebraten. 
 
 Juit[’], m, Jew; der ewiche —, impatiens 
 (flowering plant). G Jude. 
 
 jutte[’~], pp gejutt, to haggle, bargain, cheat. 
 Verb from PG Jutt. 
 
 jutte || keersch[*~~], f, ground cherry, Jerusa- 
 lem cherry; -nas[*~ 7], f, Jewish (aquiline) 
 nose. 
 
 jutterei[~~*], f, cheating, overcharging. G 
 Juderei. 
 
 jux[], m, jerk, shout, Indian whoop. G Jux. 
 
 juxe[*~], pp gejuxt, to shout, have a lark, 
 jer G juxen, juchzen. 
 
 juxich{’ “], boisterous, sportive. 
 
 K 
 
 kabbe[*™], lady’s handbag. Possibly F cabas. 
 
 kabesch[~~], f, head, mouth: eens uff di — 
 grieje. dG ’kabbes <L caput. 
 
 kabittel[-*~], n, chapter. G Kapitel. 
 
 kabittelfescht[-’~~], net gans, a little off in 
 the head. G kapitelfest. 
 
 kabutt[~], done for, ruined, dead. G kaputt. 
 
 kacke[*~], pp gekackt, to void the bowels. G 
 kacken <L caccare. 
 
 kadde[*~], katt[*], pp forms of hawwe: 
 net will, hott —. G gehabt. 
 
 kaddel|[*~], f, slovenly woman. 
 
 kaddun, kaddu*[-*], m, calico. G Kattun. 
 
 kaddunich[**~], (made of) calico. G kat- 
 tunen. 
 
 kadoffel[~*~], f, potato (rare). G Kartoffel. 
 
 Kadollisch[~*~], Catholic. G katholisch. 
 
 kaefer, kafer[~~], m, purchaser. G Kaufer. 
 
 kerbche[*~], n, little basket. Dim of G 
 
 G Korb- 
 
 G juxig. 
 
 Wer 
 
 Korb. 
 keerbmacher[* ~~], m, basket-maker. 
 macher. 
 
go 
 
 keerbs[“], kerrebs[*~], f, pumpkin, squash. 
 G Kiirbis. 
 
 keerbse || brei[‘~"], m, pumpkin porridge; 
 skern|*~~], f, pumpkin seed; -keffer[*~~™~], 
 m, squash beetle; -kuche[*~~~], m, pumpkin 
 pie; -schtick[* ~~], n, pumpkin patch; 
 -schtock[*~~], m, pumpkin vine. 
 
 keerl[“], m, fellow. G Ker. 
 
 . kern["], f, kernel, seed of grain, seed, stone 
 
 (of fruit). G Kern. 
 keernich[*~], full of seeds, granulated. G 
 kernig. 
 
 kerper|*~], m, body. G KG6rper. 
 
 keerperlich[*~~], bodily. G kérperlich. 
 
 kerrich[*~], f, church. G Kirche. 
 
 keerriche | arjel{’~~~*], f, pipe-organ; -bell 
 [*~~~], £, church-bell; -buch{*~~~], n, church 
 record; ’ -dak[*~~"], m, church- day; -deer 
 beatae F 'f, church-door; -fenschder[* ~~~“, n, 
 church window; -fescht[*~~~], n, church 
 festival; -gang[*~~~], m, going to church, 
 attendance at church, aisle in a church; 
 egenger|*~~~~], m, churchgoer; -glawe 
 [*~~"~], m, orthodox belief; -grischt[*~~~], m, 
 church-going Christian; -gschicht[*~~~], i 
 ecclesiastical history; -kalenner[* data 
 church almanac; -laus[*~~*], f, eich 
 louse; -leit[*~~"], pl, church attendants, 
 people going to or from church; -mann 
 ry ny) CoUTCR nan s | eMmael: any qt. 
 church-mouse: so arm as en —; -rat[*~~"], 
 m,church council, consistory; -schand|[*~~™~], 
 f, church scandal; -schtuhl[*~~"], m, pew; 
 -schul[*~~~], f, church school, parochial 
 school; -sitz[*~~~], m, pew; -tarn[*~~~], m, 
 church steeple; -wese[*~~~~], n, church 
 affairs, church disagreement; -zeiding|[*~~ ~~], 
 f, church paper or journal. 
 
 keerrich || eiweihing[*~~~~], f, church dedica- 
 tion; -hof[*~"], m, church yard, cemetery. 
 
 keerrichhof || kandidat[*~~~~~ ], m, invalid, 
 one careless of his health; -mauer[*~~ ~~], f, 
 wall surrounding a cemetery. 
 
 keersch[”], f, cherry. G Kirsche. 
 
 kersche || bam|[*~* "], m, cherry tree; -brieh 
 [*~], f, cherry juice; -harz[*~~], m, cherry 
 gum; -hoke[* ~*~], m, hooked stick used in 
 pulling in limbs of cherry trees in picking 
 cherries; -hols[*~~], n, cherry wood; 
 -kuche[*~~~], m, cherry tart; -schtee~ 
 [*~"], m, cherry pit; -schteener[*~~~], m, 
 cherry pitter. 
 
 keertscht[“], shortest. G kiirzest. 
 
 kerwel, kerwli[*~], n, little basket, collection 
 basket in church. Dims of G Korb. 
 
 keerze[*~], pp gekerzt, to shorten. G kiirzen. 
 
 kerzegrad[*~~], perpendicular, vertical, per- 
 fectly straight. G kerzengerade. 
 
 keerzer[*~], shorter. G kiirzer. 
 
 kerzing[*~], f, shortness. G Kiirze. 
 
 kerzlich[*~], not long ago, recently. G 
 kiirzlich. 
 
 kaes["], m, cheese. G Kase. 
 
 kaes || babbel{*~~], f, common mallow; -kopp 
 ~*~], m, stupid person; -molke[*~~], pl, 
 whey; -seih[*"], f, colander. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 kaese[~~], pp gekaest, to curd, turn to 
 cheese. dsen. 
 
 kaesich[~~], silly, lovesick. dG kAsig. 
 
 Kaet["], Kaeti, Gaeti[*~], f, Katie. G Kathe. 
 
 kaf["], m, purchase. G Kauf. 
 
 kafe[~~], pp kaft, to buy, purchase. G 
 kaufen. 
 
 kaffil*~], m, coffee. G Kaffee. 
 
 kaffi || bohn[*~"], f, coffee-bean; -kann[*~~], 
 
 f, coffee-pot; -kessel[*~~~], m, coffee-pot; 
 zklatsch[*~~], m, gossiping (coffee-)party 
 (rare); -kuche[*~~™], m, coffee cake; -miehl 
 [*~"], f, coffee-mill; -reeschder[*~~~], m, 
 coffee-roaster; -satz[*~~], m, coffee grounds; 
 -supp[*~~], f, bread broken in coffee. 
 
 kaffigraut[*~"], n, moth mullein; chicory, 
 succory 
 
 kaf || geldi* “], n, purchase money; -leit[~"], 
 pl, buyers, customers; -mann[*~], m, 
 purchaser, merchant. 
 
 kafich[~~], eager to purchase. G kaufig. 
 
 kaft[~], f, notch, gap (especially in composition 
 in proper names like Lechakaft, Wasserkaft, 
 Windkaft). MHG kapfen, G gaffen. 
 
 kafte[*~], pp gekaft, to notch. 
 
 kaftich[*~], notched. 
 
 kahl["], bare. G kahl. 
 kaiser|~~], m, emperor, kaiser. G Kaiser. 
 kaiserdum[*~™~], n, Spl G Kaiser +tum. 
 
 kaiser || kron|[*~ ey , imperial crown; -reich 
 ~*], n, empire. 
 kaiserskron[*~*], f, species of lily. G Kaiser- 
 krone. 
 kaktus[*~], m, cactus. G Kaktus. 
 wae pl kelwer, calf, foolish person. G 
 
 Kal 
 
 pitas “], kallebasch[*~~], f, calabash, 
 head. G Kalebasche. 
 
 kalb || fell[*~], n, calf-hide; -fleesch[*~], n 
 veal; -ledder[*~~], n, calfskin. 
 
 kalbs i geling[*~~], n, haslet of a calf; -haut 
 [*"], f, calf’s skin; -kopp[*~], m, calf’s head; 
 -lewwer|’~ Wit, calf’s liver. 
 
 kalenner[~*~], m, almanac. G Kalender. 
 
 kalennerglawe[”*~ ~~], m, foolish superstition. 
 G Kalender +Glauben. 
 
 kalfaktre[’*~], pp gekalfaktert, 
 romp. G kalfatern, Kalfakter. 
 
 kalk[~], kallick[*~], m, lime. G Kalk. 
 
 kalk || brenner[*~~], m, limeburner; -fuss[* 7], 
 m, disease of fowls; -offe[*~~], m, limekiln; 
 -schtee*[’ an limestone; -wasser[*~™], 
 n, lime-water. 
 
 kalke[*~], kallicke[*~~], pp gekalkt, to dress 
 with lime. G kalken. 
 
 kalkich[*~], limy. G kalkig. 
 
 kalkschtee~ || boddem|*"~"], m, limestone 
 soil; -bruch[*~~], m, limestone quarry; 
 -wasser|* ~~ “], n, hard water. 
 
 kalmus[*~], n, calamus, sweet flag. G Kal- 
 mus. 
 
 kalmusschwans[*~~], m, spadix of calamus. 
 G Kalmus +Schwanz. 
 
 kalt[“], cold; — schtick, lunch; — grieje, to 
 oak cold; ich habb —, I have a cold. 
 
 t. 
 
 to frolic, 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 kaltfiewer[“~~], n, chills and fever, malaria. 
 G kalt +Fieber. 
 
 kaltmeessel, kalkmeessel[*~~], m, coldchisel. 
 G Kaltmeissel. 
 
 kalwe[*~], pp gekalbt, to calve. G kalben. 
 kamel[~*], n, camel. Kamel. 
 kamelgarn[~*"], n, mohair yarn. G Kamel- 
 
 garn. 
 
 kamf[~], m, combat. G Kampf. 
 
 kamille[~’~], m, camomile; wilder —, may- 
 weed. G Kamille. 
 
 kamilletee[~’~~], m, camomile tea. G Kamil- 
 lentee. 
 
 kamm|~], m, pl kemm, comb (of a rooster), 
 cog, crest (of a ridge). G Kamm. 
 
 kammer[*~], f, chamber, room not regularly 
 used, first-floor bedroom, clothes-closet. 
 G Kammer. 
 
 kammer[*~], n, 
 Gehammer. 
 
 kammer[*~] = kann mer, can one, cana person; 
 one can, a person can (when the sentence 
 begins with a word other than the subject 
 or one of its modifiers.) 
 
 kammern|*~] =kann mer en. 
 
 kammfugler[* ~~] R, m, bummer. 
 
 kammrad[*~], n, cog-wheel. G Kammrad. 
 
 kammunikant[*"~*], m, communicant. G 
 Kommunikant. 
 
 kampes mentis[~~’~], net gans, a little off in 
 the head. Gand L compos mentis. 
 
 Kanada[*~ 7], n, Canada. G Kanada. 
 
 kanadadischdel[-~ ~*~], f, Canada thistle. G 
 Kanada + Distel. 
 
 kan4l[-*], m, canal. G Kanal. 
 
 kanalboot[~~"], n, canal boat. G Kanalboot. 
 
 kanallje[-*~], n, rascal, scamp. G Kanaille 
 <F canaille. 
 
 kandel[*~], m, rain-spout. dG kandel. 
 
 kandelzucker|*~~~], m, rock candy. G Kan- 
 delzucker. 
 
 kandidat[*~-], m, candidate. G Kandidat. 
 
 kann[~], f, can. G Kanne. 
 
 kanne || deckel[*~~~], m, cover for a can; 
 
 continual hammering. G 
 
 -giesser[*~""], m, worthless fellow. G 
 Kannegiesser. } 
 kannligraut[*~"] =karnligraut. Q. v. 
 
 kanon{~*], f, cannon. G Kanone. 
 
 kans || draub[’"], f, currant: roti —, weissi 
 —, schwarzi—. dG kanstraube. kans = 
 Gehanns = Johanns; -graut[*“], n, St. John’s 
 wort. G Johanniskraut. 
 
 kansdrauwe || schtock[*~~~], m, currant bush; 
 swei~[*~~"], m, currant wine. 
 
 kansel[*~], f, pulpit. G Kanzel. 
 
 kansel || glopper[*~~~], m, parson; 
 [°~-~], m, pulpit orator. 
 
 kapital[-~*], n, capital. G Kapital. 
 
 kapp[], f, cap, hood, beretta, sheaf-covering 
 of a shock of grain, toe-cap (of a shoe), 
 U-shaped piece at the end of the handle of 
 a flail; zr hott en — uff, he is tipsy. G 
 Kappe. 
 
 kappe[*~], pp gekappt, to provide with a cap. 
 
 kappen. 
 
 zredner 
 
 gI 
 
 kappegraut[*~"], n, mad-dog skullcap, hood- 
 wort. Tr of E hoodwort. 
 
 kappevojjel[*~~~], m, cedar waxwing. G 
 Kappe + Vogel. 
 
 karakter[~’~], m, character. G Charakter. 
 
 karb[~], karreb[*~], m, basket. G Korb. 
 
 karb || macher[*~~], m, basket maker; -voll 
 [*~], basketful; -weide[* ~~], f, osier(-willow). 
 
 karessiere["~~~], pp gekaressiert, to caress, 
 
 court. G karessieren. 
 
 Karfreidak[-~~], m, Good Friday. G Kar- 
 freitag. 
 
 karfunkel[”*~], m, carbuncle. G Karfunkel, 
 Karbunkel. 
 
 karjenner, karjanner[~*~], kallianner[~~*~], 
 koriander[~~*~], m, coriander. G Ko- 
 riander. 
 
 karjos[~], curious, odd, queer. G kurios. 
 
 karn[~], n, rye. G Korn. 
 
 karn || aehr[’"], f, head of rye; -bliet[*"], f, 
 rye-blossom; -blumm|[*~], cornflower; -brot 
 [‘"], n, rye-bread; -zdramm[*~], m, rye 
 whiskey; -feld[*~], n, rye-field; -mehl[* 7], n, 
 rye-flour; -ros[*"], f, corn poppy; -schtock 
 [*~], m, rye-stalk, stack of rye; -schtroh[*’], 
 n, rye-straw. 
 
 karnligraut, karwligraut[*~~], n, sweet cicely. 
 G Kerbelkraut. 
 
 karrell[-~], {, bead; -e, Job’s tears. G Koralle, 
 Korelle. 
 
 karrich{*~], m, cart. G Karren. 
 
 karrichgaul[*~~], m, cart-horse. G Karren + 
 dG gaul. 
 
 karrick, garrick[’~], kork[], m, cork. G 
 Kork. 
 
 karricke[*~~], pp gekarrickt, to cork. G 
 korken. 
 
 karrickziejer, garrickziejer[*~~~], korkziejer 
 [*"“], m, corkscrew. G Korkzieher. 
 
 Karwoch[*~], f, Holy Week. G Karwoche. 
 
 karz, katz[“], short. G kurz. 
 
 karz || ab[*~], bluntly, plainly; -beenich[~* ~~], 
 short-legged; -gebet[*~~], n, short sudden 
 prayer, ejaculation; -hoorich[*~~], short- 
 
 haired; -ochdemich[*~~~], asthmatic; 
 -schwensich[*~~], short-tailed; -rum[*~], 
 with a sharp turn about; -sichtich[*~~], 
 near-sighted, short-sighted; -sichtichkeet 
 
 [‘~-"], f, myopia; -schtielich[*~~], short- 
 handled; -um[*~], with a short turn, in 
 short, at once. 
 
 kaschbel[’~], n, (continued) precipitate 
 thoughtless movement. G Ge-+haschble. 
 
 kaschber[’~], m, funny person, oddly acting 
 person. Kasper. 
 
 kaschde[‘™], m, chest, box, case, noddle: zr 
 hott ebbes im —. G Kasten. 
 
 kasdreelbuhn[*~"], f, castor-oil bean. G 
 Kastor6l +Bohne. 
 
 kass[‘], f, money-box, treasury. G Kasse. 
 
 kasset[*~], f, corset. G Korsett, E corset. 
 
 kassinet[“~*], n, cassinette. G Kassinet. 
 
 kAter[~~], m, tom-cat. G Kater. 
 
 Kathrine[~~~], f, Catherine. G Katharine. 
 
92 
 
 katt[“] =kadde, q. v.; mer hen juscht vun dir 
 —, we were just talking about you. 
 
 kattekism[*~~], m, catechism. G Katechis- 
 mus. 
 
 katz["], f, cat; des is far di —, this is no good; 
 —!scat! G Katze. 
 
 katze || dreck[*~~], m, cat-dirt; -fisch[*~~], 
 m, catfish; -gegrisch[*~~~], n, caterwauling; 
 -graut|* ~ 1, n, catnip; -gichtre[*~~~], pl, 
 conniption fits; zjammer|*~~~], m, cater- 
 wauling, gossiping, gadding; -kopp[*~~], 
 m, girls’ game; -schwans[*~~], m, cat-tail 
 flag; -vojjel[*~~~], m, catbird. 
 
 kau["], m, quid. Noun from kaue. 
 
 kauderwelsch[*~~], n, jargon. G Kauder- 
 welsch. 
 
 kauduwack[*~~], m, chewing-tobacco. G 
 Kautabak. 
 
 kaue[~~], pp gekaut, to chew, masticate, 
 “‘chew the rag,’’ chew over something. G 
 kauen. 
 
 kaufdevoll[*~~], heaping full, heaping meas- 
 ure. G gehauft +voll. 
 
 kauftich[~~], heaped. G gehauft+ig. 
 
 kaum["], hardly, scarcely. G kaum. 
 
 kauscher[*~], (usually with net), exact, right, 
 proper, nice; do is 4 ebbes net gans recht 
 —, there is something suspicious (queer) 
 about this. dG kauscher. 
 
 kauz["], m, queer fellow. G Kauz. 
 
 ke*[“]=ken, no: — mensch hott en wart 
 
 gsat. G kein. 
 kecherle[*~~], n, lentil. G Kicher =chick pea. 
 
 kecherli[*~~], n, soy bean. G Kicher. 
 
 keck[~], bold, pert, bright. G keck. 
 
 kee~["], no, not any; — eener, not one. G 
 kein. 
 
 naira “], Kenmol[*"], not once. G kein- 
 mal. 
 
 kee*mols[*"], never. G keinmal. 
 
 keenich[~~], m, king, queen bee. G K6nig. 
 
 keenichlich[~~~], royal. G kéniglich. 
 
 keenichn[*~], f, queen. G KO6nigin. 
 
 keenichreich[*~"], n, kingdom. G K@6nig- 
 reich. 5 
 
 keer[], n, (sense of) hearing. G Gehdor. 
 
 keere|[*~], pp gekeert, to belong; sich —, to 
 be suitable or proper, behoove: zr keert 
 nau mei (RB); die — mei, die dei” 
 (HLF). (Note use of mei” and der). 
 G gehoren, dG kare. 
 
 keffer[*~], m, bug, elegant young fellow; pl, 
 mischievous youngsters; grosser —, big- 
 bug. G Kafer. 
 
 keft(l)ich[*~], notched. PG kaft. 
 
 kehl["], f, throat. G Kehle. 
 
 kehl || band[*~], n, throat 
 egraut[*"], n, jewel weed; -kopp[~~], m, 
 larynx. 
 
 kehle[*~], pp gekehlt, to choke. G kehlen. 
 
 kehr[7], f, turn (in road): um di— rum. G 
 
 Kehre. 
 kehrdreck[*~], m, G Kehr+ 
 kehre[*~], pp gekehrt, to sweep. G kehren. 
 
 band, brace; 
 
 sweepings. 
 Dreck. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Soctety 
 
 kehrich[~~], m, sweepings. G Kehricht. 
 
 kehrichblech[*~™~], n, dusting pan. G Kehr- 
 icht +Blech. 
 
 keiche, keichle{~~], pp gekeicht, to wheeze, 
 pant, puff. G keuchen. 
 
 keichich[*~], short of breath, asthmatic. G 
 keuchig. 
 
 keidel[*~], m, wedge, large piece of bread. 
 dG keidl, G Keil. 
 
 keidle[*~], pp gekeidelt, to wedge; sich —, 
 to become wedged. G keilen. 
 
 keiert[*~], married. pp of heiere. 
 
 keil["], n, (continual) crying. G Geheul. 
 
 keil[], m, bolt (in dunnerkeil). G Keil. 
 
 keim[], f, sprout, germ. G Keim. 
 
 keime[~~], pp gekeimt, to germinate, sprout. 
 eimen. 
 kelch[-], kellich[*~], m, chalice, cup. G 
 Kelch. 
 kell[-], f, trowel, ladle. G Kelle. 
 keller[*~], m, cellar. G Keller. 
 
 keller || esel[*~"~], m, wood-louse, sowbug; 
 deer[’~"}, f, cellar door; -feicht[*~"], 
 ane -kich[*~*], f, basement kitchen; 
 -loch{*~~], n, cellar hole; sluft[*~~], {, damp 
 air in a cellar; -schteek{*~ “}, f, cellar steps. 
 kellich[*~], m, ciborium. GKelch. Cf kelch. 
 kelsche[*~], n, a Spice. cotton cloth. 
 G Kélsch <G K 
 pease “], of chackera cloth. G Kélsch 
 
 “Alen a f, cold. G Kalte. 
 
 kelter[* . colder. G kalter. 
 
 kelter[’“], f, place where pomace was piled 
 up in old cidermills. G Kelter. 
 
 keltere[*~~], pp gekeltert, to crush fruit 
 (especially grapes) for wine (and the 
 pressing may be done several days after). 
 
 keltern. 
 kelterhaus[*~~], n, press house. G Kelter- 
 Dim of G Kalb. 
 
 haus. 
 
 kelwel[*~], n, calf. 
 
 kelwerschtreech[*~"], pl, awkward pranks. 
 G Kalber +Streiche. 
 
 kem|[~], (to) neither one. G keinem. 
 
 kemmerli[*~~], n, small clothes-room, lumber 
 room. Dim. of G Kammer. 
 
 ken["], no. G kein. 
 
 kenk[~], n, continued hanging or clinging (to). 
 G Gehange. 
 
 kenne[* “], pp gekennt, to know, be acquainted 
 with; — lerne, to become acquainted with. 
 G pees 
 
 kenne[*~], pp gekennt, to be able, can, know 
 or understand something: zr kanns aus- 
 wennich. G kénnen. 
 
 kenner, kenni[*~], kens[~], pr, none, not any. 
 G keiner. 
 
 kennzeeche[*~~], n, 
 Kennzeichen. 
 
 keppche[*~], n, little cap. Dim of G Kappe. 
 
 keppche[*~], n, small head (as of a baby). 
 Dim of G Kopf. 
 
 keppe[*~], pp gekeppt, to decapitate, top 
 (plants). G képfen. 
 
 distinctive mark. G 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 kerze[’~], f, candle. G Kerze. 
 
 keschd(an)eeche[*~~~], m, chestnut oak, rock 
 
 _ chestnut oak. G Kastanieneiche. 
 
 keschde || bam[*~~], m, chestnut tree; -brau~ 
 [*~"], chestnut brown, auburn; -farb[*~~], 
 f, chestnut color; -hols[*~~], n, chestnut 
 wood; -peif[*~ ~], f, whistle made of chestnut 
 bark; -schot[*~"], f, chestnut-burr; -tutt 
 [*~~], f, holder for berries improvised from 
 chestnut bark. 
 
 keschdijel[* ~~], m, chestnut-burr. dG kescht 
 +G Igel. 
 
 kescht["], f, chestnut. dG kescht. 
 
 keschtlich[*~], costly, precious. G késtlich. 
 
 kessel[*~], m, kettle, hollow (inclosed by hills 
 or mountains). G Kessel. 
 
 kesselche[*~~], n, blickey. G Kesselchen. 
 
 kessel || flicker[*~~~], m, tinker; -henk[*~™], 
 f, bail of a kettle; -loch[*~~], n, place for 
 an iron kettle under covered front of old- 
 style bakeoven; -schtang[’~™], f, randlebar. 
 
 kett[“], f, chain. G Kette. 
 
 kette || brick[*~~], f, chain-bridge; -bump[*~~], 
 chain pump; -damm[*~~], m, dam held by 
 achain; -hoke[*~~~], m, chain-hook; -hund 
 [*~~], m, watch-dog; -kujjel[*~~™~], f, chain- 
 shot; -schtich[*~~], m,  chain-stitch; 
 -schtrang[~~~], m, iron trace. 
 
 kette[*~], pp gekett, to chain. G ketten. 
 
 ketzel, ketzli[*~], n, kitten. Dims of G Katze. 
 
 ketzer[*~], m, rogue, scoundrel. G Ketzer. 
 
 keizerei[’~*], f, heresy, tangled affairs. G 
 Ketzerei. 
 
 kewwich[*~], m, cage, common evening prim- 
 rose. G Kafig. 
 
 kich["], f, kitchen. G Kiiche. 
 
 kiche || deer[*~~], f, kitchen door; -disch[*~~], 
 m, kitchen table; -drippel[*~~~], m, male 
 assistant in kitchen and waiter at table at 
 funerals; -geraetschaft[*~~~~], f, kitchen 
 utensils; -gscherr[*~~], n, kitchen crockery; 
 zharn[{’~~}, n, dinnerhorn; -schank[*~~], m, 
 kitchen cupboard. 
 
 kichelche[*~~], kichli[*~], n, 
 lozenge. Dims of G Kuchen. 
 
 kiefer[*~], m, cooper. G Kiifer. 
 
 kiehbacke[*~~], m, smoked jowl. 
 backen. 
 
 kiehl["], cool, chilly. G kiihl. 
 
 kiehle[~~], pp gekiehlt, to cool, refrigerate. 
 G kiihlen. 
 
 kiehler[~~], cooler. G kiihler. 
 
 kiehl || keller[*~~], m, cold (storage) cellar; 
 -wasser[~~~], n, water used by a blacksmith 
 for cooling his iron. 
 
 kiehlscht["], coolest. G kiihlst. 
 
 kie*russ[~~], m, lampblack. G Kienruss. 
 
 kih || bitters[*~~], n, tansy; -blaschder[~~™], 
 n, cow-droppings; -blumm([*~], f, dandelion; 
 sdreck[*~], m, cow dung; -dreiwer[*~™], 
 m, drover; -fuder[*~~], n, fodder for cattle; 
 ekalb[~~], n, cow-calf; -kett[“~], f, cow- 
 chain; -mischt[*~], m, cow dung; -pulwer 
 [-~~], n, cattle powder; -<schleck[*~], f, 
 cowlick; -schopp[*~], m, cow shelter; 
 
 little cake, 
 
 G Kinn- 
 
 93 
 
 -schtall[~~], m, cow-stable; -schtar[~~], m, 
 cowbird; -schwans[*~], m, cow’s tail; 
 stb kihschwens ee” hoor, distant relation- 
 ship. 
 
 kihdreckroller[~~~~], m, tumblebug, also ap- 
 plied to a person as a term of opprobrium. 
 G Kiihdreck + Roller. 
 
 kilb[“], m, swingle (of a flail). dG kilbe. 
 
 kimmel[*~], m, caraway. G Kiimmel. 
 
 kimmelbrot[*~~], n, bread containing caraway 
 seeds. G Kiimmelbrot. 
 
 kimmere[*~~], pp gekimmert, sich, to take an 
 interest in, grieve, meddle in. G kiimmern. 
 
 kimmerlich[*~~], distressed, needy. G kiim- 
 merlich. _ 
 
 kimmernis[*~~], f, concern, anxiety. G Kiim- 
 mernis. 
 
 kind!~], n, pl kinner, child. G Kind. 
 
 kind || bettern[*~~], f, woman in child-bed; 
 -daf|[~~], f, christening. 
 
 kindel[*~], n, pupil (of the eye). dG kindel, 
 kindche. 
 
 kindheet[*], f, childhood, infancy; di zwett 
 —, dotage. G Kindheit. 
 
 kindlich[*~], filial; =grindlich, thoroughly. 
 G kindlich. 
 
 kinn[“], n, chin. G Kinn. 
 
 kinnbacke[*~~], m, jawbone, smoked jowl. 
 G Kinnbacken. 
 
 kinner || dieb[*~], m, kidnaper; -fescht[*~~], 
 n, service for children; -freind[*~~], m, 
 lover of children; -gleeder[*~~~], pl, chil- 
 dren’s clothing; -gschpass[~*™~], m, childish 
 amusement; -gschpiel[*~™], n, child’s play; 
 slehr|*~ "], f, catechetical instruction; -mard 
 [*~~], m, infanticide, abortion; -schpiel- 
 sache[~~~~~], pl, toys; -schtreech[*~"], pl, 
 childish pranks; -seje[*~~~], m, numerous 
 offspring; -zucht[’~~], f, noise made by 
 children. 
 
 kinnisch[*~], childish, dotardly. G kindisch. 
 
 kins || bett[*~], (kindbett), n, confinement; 
 ins — kumme, to be confined; -kind[*~], n, 
 grandchild; -mad[* 7], f, nurse-maid; -not 
 [*"], f, labors (in childbirth). 
 
 kinschdler[*~], m, artist, trick performer. 
 G Kiinstler. 
 
 kinschdlerei[’~*], f, powwowing, ability to 
 perform mysteries, spiritualistic perform- 
 ances. G Kiinstlerei. 
 
 renter “], ingenious, artificial. G kiinst- 
 ich. 
 
 kipp[“], grudge. 
 
 kippe[*~], pp gekippt, to be envious, quarrel, 
 begrudge, give utterance to envious 
 thoughts. 
 
 kippe[*~], pp gekippt, to tip over, topple over. 
 G kippen (I do not know whether the pre- 
 ceding verb is of the same origin). 
 
 kippisch[*~], jealous, envious, offended. Adj 
 from kippe(1). 
 
 kipprich[*~], speckled. dG kipperig =lettig. 
 
 kirz[“], f, shortness. G Kiirze. 
 
 kischbel[*™], m, giggler. 
 
 kischblich[*™], silly, giggling. 
 
94 
 
 kischt!*], f, chest, box, jag. G Kiste. 
 
 kiss[~], m, gravel. G Kies. 
 
 kissboddem[*~~], m, gravelly soil. 
 boden. 
 
 kisse[*~], pp gekisst, to kiss. 
 
 kisse, kissi[*~], n, cushion. G Kissen. 
 
 kissel[*~], m, sleet, pebble. G Kiesel. 
 
 kisselwetter[*~~~], n, sleety weather; 
 confound it! darnit! G Kiesel+ Wetter. 
 
 kisselwetters[- ~*~], confoundedly. Adv from 
 kisselwetter. 
 
 kisses[*~], n, kissing. G Kiissen. 
 
 kissle[*~], pp gekisselt, to sleet. 
 
 kisslich[*~], sleety. G kieselig. 
 
 kitsch[], f, rake, scraper (for removing ashes). 
 dG kitsch. 
 
 kitsche[*~], pp gekitscht, to scrape with a 
 kitsch. Verb from dG kitsch. 
 
 kitt[“], m, putty. G Kitt. 
 
 kitte[*~], pp gekitt, to putty. G kitten. 
 
 G Kies- 
 
 G kiissen. 
 
 comme | 
 
 dG kieseln. 
 
 kittel[*~], n, light coat, blouse. G Kittel. 
 kittmesser[*~~],n, putty-knife. G Kittmesser. 
 kitzelgras[*~"], n, witch grass. G kitzeln+ 
 
 Gras. 
 kitzle[*~], pp gekitzelt, to tickle, fill with 
 secret joy. G kitzeln. 
 
 kitzles[*~], n, tickling sensation. Noun from 
 kitzle. 
 
 kitzlich[*~], ticklish, touchy, delicate. G 
 kitzlig. 
 
 kitzn[~], f, female cat, also applied to the 
 female of othersmallanimals. G Kitze+in. 
 
 kiwwell[*~], m, bucket, pail, small wooden 
 pail with one long stave for a handle, 
 scuttle, pump-piston, bucket of a water- 
 wheel, bucket of an elevator. G Kiibel. 
 
 For other words beginning with kl see words 
 beginning with gl. 
 
 klaejer[~~], m, plaintiff. G Klager. 
 
 klerinett[“~’], f, clarionet. G Klarinette. 
 
 klang[“], m, sound. G Klang. 
 
 klange|’~], pp geklangt, to ring, sound. 
 Variant of klingen. 
 
 klapper[*~], m, clapper. G Klapper. 
 
 klapperdasch[* ~~], f, rickety vehicle, jabbering 
 person. G Klapper+Tasche. 
 
 vevevy 
 
 ], f, lion’s-foot; 
 G Klapperschlangen- 
 
 klapperschlangewarzel|[* 
 seneca_ snakeroot. 
 wurzel. 
 
 klass, glass[*], f, class. G Klasse. 
 
 klassis|*~], f, classis. G Klassis. 
 klecks[~], m, blot. G Klecks. 
 kleinod[*~"], n, jewel. G Kleinod. 
 
 klinge[*~], pp geklingt, to ring. G klingen. 
 
 klingelsack[*~~], m, klingelseckli, klingel- 
 seckel[*~~~], n, small bag with a long handle 
 used in taking up the collection in church. 
 G Klingel+Sack. 
 
 klingschtee*[*"], glingschtee*[*"], m, cling- 
 stone. G Klingstein. 
 
 kling klang! onomatopoetic for the clangor 
 
 of bells. G kling klang. 
 klipe klapp! click clack! flip flap! G klipp 
 app. 
 kloschder, kloster[*~],n, convent. G Kloster. 
 
 The Pennsyloania-German Soctety 
 
 kloschderfra{*~"], f, nun. G Klosterfrau. 
 
 kluch["], clever, prudent, wise. G klug. 
 
 kluchheet[*~], f, prudence. G Klugheit. 
 
 knackwarscht[*~], f, saveloy. G Knackwurst. 
 
 knzrps[‘], m, chap, little fellow. G Knirps. 
 
 knersche[’~], pp geknerscht, to gnash, grate, 
 grind. G knirschen. 
 
 knecke[*~], pp gekneckt, to tick. Variant of 
 G knacken. 
 
 kneip["], m, shoemaker’s paring knife, kitchen 
 paring knife, razor (jokingly). G Kneif. 
 
 kneip["], f, drinking place. G Kneipe. 
 
 knicker[’~]=gnicker. Q. v. 
 
 knierieme[~~~], knierem[~~], m, shoemaker’s 
 strap or stirrup. G Knieriemen. 
 
 kniffisch, kniffzich[*~], tricky. G knifhg. 
 
 knittel[’“], m, club. G Kniittel. 
 
 knitz[], tricky, mischievous. dG kniitz. 
 
 knoffe[’ na pommel. G Knauf. 
 
 knowwlichgraut[*~"], n, garlic mustard. G_ 
 Knoblauchskraut. Cf gnowwelloch. 
 
 koch[~], m, f, cook. G Koch. 
 
 koch || appell:~ “], m, codling; -bohn[*"], f 
 string bean; -fleesch[*"], n, meat for boil- 
 ing; -haffe[’ ~ “], m, iron cookpot; -zhaus 
 [*"], n, detached kitchen for summer use; 
 zkerbs[*~], f, sweet pumpkin; -kessel[*~~], 
 m, large kettle, boiler; -leffel[*~~], m, 
 ladle; -offe[*~~], m, cooking-stove, range; 
 -pann[’~], f, sauce-pan; -wese(s)[*~~], n, 
 everlasting cooking. 
 
 koche[*~], pp gekocht, to cook, boil, simmer, 
 seethe. G kochen. 
 
 koches[*~], n, cooking. Noun from koche. 
 
 kochet[*~], f, mess, sufficient for one meal: 
 en — erbse. dG kochet. Cf backet, 
 drajet. 
 
 kochich[*~], boiling, 
 koche. 
 
 kohl["], f, coal. G Kohle. 
 
 kohle || brenner[*~~*], m, charcoal burner; 
 -eemer[~~~~], m, coal scuttle; -esch{~~*], 
 f, ashes of coal; -feier[~~~~], n, coal fire; 
 sprub[~~], f, colliery; -haus{*~°l, n, coal- 
 shed; -kessel[*~~~], m, coal-scuttle; -leeder 
 [~~-~], f, ladder used in mounting the 
 smoldering charcoal pile; -schtaéb[~~"], m, 
 coal-dust; -schtofft[~~~], n, carbon. 
 
 kohleel[*~], n, kerosene, petroleum. G Kohle 
 +Ol after E coal-oil. 
 
 kohleel dl fass[~~~], n, petroleum barrel; -kann 
 ! f, petroleum can; licht[<~“], n, 
 amp 
 
 icohlachwarteo, coal-black. G Kohle+ 
 schwarz after E coal-black. 
 kokonuss[~*~~], f, cocoanut. G Kokosnuss. 
 kollekt[-*], n, collection, collect. G Kollekt. 
 kollere[*~~], pp gekollert, to make the bub- 
 bling sound of boiling water, make a 
 gurgling sound in the throat. G kollern. 
 kollick[*~], m, colic. G Kolik. 
 kolwe[*~], m, ear of corn, spike (of timothy), 
 nose. G Kolben. 
 kolwegras[*~~], n, yellow foxtail; 
 tail. G Kolbengras. 
 
 seething. Adj from 
 
 green fox- 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 kolwemelde[*~~~], m, purple amaranth. 
 komma[*~], n, comma. G Komma. 
 kommod|[~*], f, night-stool, bureau. G Kom- 
 
 mode. 
 
 kopp["], m, pl kepp, head; in composition in 
 names of mountain tops: Donatskopp; 
 aus dem —, demented; ich schteck der der 
 — gschwische di ohre, a bantering threat 
 to a child; seis -s sei", to be obstinate; sei” 
 — setze, to be headstrong. G Kopf. 
 
 kopp || erwet[*~~], f, brain-work; -ax[*~], f, ax 
 used in decapitating fowls; -graut|* 7], n, 
 cabbage; -putz[*~], headdress (HLF); -schtell 
 [*~], f, headstall; -verreisses[*~ ~~], n, mental 
 exertion; -weh[*"], n, headache; -wesching 
 [°~~], f, shampoo. 
 
 koppche[*~], n, cup (of cup and saucer). dG 
 kebbche. 
 
 koppe || kisse[*~~~], n, pillow; -ziech[*~"], f, 
 pillow-case. 
 
 kopple[*~], pp gekoppelt, to join in marriage. 
 G koppeln. 
 
 kopps || leng[*~], a head (taller); -vedderscht 
 [~*~], head first, headlong. 
 
 kopuliere[~~*~], kopliere[’~~], pp kopuliert, 
 to join in marriage, perform the marriage 
 ceremony, marry. G kopulieren. 
 
 kor["], m, choir, body of musicians. G Chor. 
 
 koral["*], m, choral hymn. G Choral. 
 
 kord["], kard[~], f, card, chart; -e mixe, to 
 shuffle the cards. G Karte. 
 
 kordbendel[~~~], m, cord. F la corde or E 
 cord+G Bandel. 
 
 korde[~~], karde[*~], pp gekordt, to card. G 
 karden. 
 
 kordedisch[*~~], kardedisch[*~™], 
 table. G Kartentisch. 
 
 kordedischdel[*~~~], kardedischdel[*~~~], f, 
 fuller’s teasel. G Kardendistel. 
 
 kord || kard || maschien(*~"], f, carding ma- 
 chine; -miehl[*"], f, carding mill. 
 
 kor || gesang[~~~], m, anthem; -hemm|[*~], n, 
 surplice; -lied[~~], n, anthem. 
 
 korinne["*~], Juneberry. 
 
 kornellkersch[’*~], f, dogwood. G Kornel- 
 kirsche. 
 
 kornett[~*], f, cornet. G Kornett. 
 
 koschde[*~], pp gekoscht, to cost. 
 
 koschde[*~], pl, expense(s), cost(s). 
 ten. 
 
 koschdefrei[*~~], free of cost; — halte, to 
 pay a person’s way. G kostenfrei. 
 
 m, card- 
 
 G kosten. 
 G Kos- 
 
 koscht[*], f, board, fare, victuals. G Kost. 
 
 koschtbar[*~], costly, expensive. G kostbar. 
 
 koschtgenger[*~~], m, boarder. G _ Kost- 
 ganger. 
 
 koschtschpielich[*~~], expensive, costly. G 
 kostspielig. 
 
 kotz[“], m, vomit. G Kotze. 
 
 kotzbohn[*~], f, castor-oil bean. G kotzen+ 
 Bohne. 
 
 kotz[“] gricksel! deuce take it! by golly! — 
 lebbd4k! good gracious! — sapperment! 
 the devil! — dunner! damn it ! — mardsap- 
 perlott nochemol! confound it! G kotz= 
 Gotts. Cf gotts. 
 
 2 
 
 kotze[*~], pp gekotzt, to vomit. G kotzen. 
 
 kotzerich[* ~~], (feel) like vomiting, squeamish. 
 G kotzerlich. 
 
 kowwell[*~], top-curl (mostly on heads of 
 children). dG kowel. 
 
 kraftlos[*"], invalid. G kraftlos. 
 
 kramm|~], m, commodities, wares. G Kram. 
 
 krankhaft[*~], morbid. G krankhaft. 
 
 kreider || buch[~~~], n, treatise on botany; 
 -tee[~~~], m, herb tea. 
 
 kreidliwidderbring, greitliwidderbring["~*~~], 
 m, brunella, self-heal. 
 
 kreis["], m, circle. G Kreis. 
 
 kreislich[~~], terrible, thrilling. G grauselig. 
 
 kriksel[*~] di krix! — fixel! scritch scratch 
 (imitating the sound of a pen in rapid 
 writing). 
 
 krill[-], f, cricket. G Grille. 
 
 kroller[*~], m, cruller. G krollen. 
 
 kron["], f, crown. G Krone. 
 
 ks! sick him! scat! G kss. 
 
 kuche[*~], m, cake, cooky. G Kuchen. 
 
 kuche || blatt[*~~], f, griddle; -deek[*~"], m, 
 cake batter; -moddel[’~~™], f, cake cutter; 
 -raedel[*~"~], n, jagging iron; -rellche 
 Pin doughcutters) sschipp[ 7 (iit; 
 cake lifter. 
 
 kuddelwese[*~ ~~], n, tangled threads, tangled 
 affairs. G hudeln-++Wesen. 
 
 kuddle[*~], pl, guts, bowels. G Kuttel. 
 
 kuh["], f, pl kih, cow. G Kuh. 
 
 Kuhrinter[~*~], pl, Corinthians: doh leest sie 
 die —. This line from Hermany evidently 
 means ‘‘then she gives (him) a lecture’ and 
 was probably modeled after “‘die Leviten 
 lesen.”” G Korinther. Cf Lefidde. 
 
 kujjel[*~], f, bullet. G Kugel. 
 
 kujjel || bichs[*~~], f, rifle; -fescht[*~~], in- 
 vulnerable; -form[’~~], f, bullet-mould. 
 
 kujon, kijon[~*], m, queer fellow, rascal. G 
 
 ujon. 
 
 kumbass[*~], f, compass. G Kompass. 
 
 kumbawel[*~~], fit, proper. dG kumbabel 
 <F capable. 
 
 kumbliment, kampliment[~~*], n, compliment. 
 G Kompliment. 
 
 kumet[**], m, comet. G Komet. 
 
 kumme[‘~], pp kumme, to come, be put in; 
 wie kummt’s, dass ..., how is it that 
 
 . . ; ins bett —, to be confined; uff di 
 
 welt —, to be born. G kommen. 
 
 kummer[’™], m, grief. G Kummer. 
 
 kummerad[’~*], m, comrade, buddy. G 
 Kamerad. 
 kummet[*~], n, horse-collar. G Kummet. 
 
 kummet || bloder[*~~~], f, collar-gall; -deck 
 [*~~], f, hame-cover, housing; -schpa~[*~"], 
 m, hame. 
 
 kummetschpa*rieme[*~~~~], m, hame-strap. 
 G Kummetriemen. 
 
 kump, gump[~], m, whet-horn, vessel for same 
 purpose made of wood. dG kumbe, kump. 
 
 kumpani[*~~], f, company, companion: zah™- 
 weh is schlechti—. G Kompanie. 
 
 kundewidde[*~~~], f, consideration, ingenuity, 
 
96 
 
 thought. dG kundewite =Uberlegung <F 
 conduite. 
 
 kunfermiere[’~*~], pp kunfermiert, to con- 
 firm. G konfirmieren. 
 
 kunfermierung|[~~~~], f, 
 Konfirmierung. 
 
 Kuni[*~], m, Conrad. dG Kuoni. 
 
 kunne[*~], m, customer. G Kunde. 
 
 kunnemiehl[*~"], f, gristmill doing grinding 
 for toll. G Kunden+ Mile. 
 
 kunnschaft[*~], f, customers, trade, custom. 
 G Kundschaft. 
 
 Kunrad[’"], m, Conrad. G Konrad. 
 
 kunschdawler[*~~], m, constable. 
 stabler. 
 
 kunscht[‘], f, art, skill, science, knack; des is 
 ken —, there is no difficulty about this. G 
 Kunst. 
 
 kupfer[*~], en, a penny. G Kupfer. 
 
 kupper[*~], n, copper. G Kupfer. 
 
 kupper || kessel[*~~~], m, copper kettle; -kopp 
 [*~~], m, copperhead snake; -rot[*~ ], cop- 
 per-colored; -schlang[’~~], f, copperhead 
 snake; -schmitt[*~~], m, coppersmith; 
 -schtich[*~~], m, engraving. 
 
 kupple[*~], pp gekuppelt, to find a partner for 
 another in matrimony. G kuppeln. 
 
 kuppruss[*"], n, copperas. G Kupfer+Russ. 
 
 kurradsche[~~~], kurasch[~*], f, courage. G 
 Courage <F courage. 
 
 kurraschich[**~], courageous. Adj from 
 Courage. 
 
 kusche[*~], pp gekuscht, sich, to lie down, sub- 
 side, submit. G kuschen <F coucher. 
 
 kuscht["], n, incessant coughing. G Gehuste. 
 
 kuss[“], m, kiss. G Kuss. 
 
 kutsch[‘], f, coach, carriage, raised platform 
 with soil for raising plants. G Kutsche. 
 
 kutschel[*~], n, (continual) whinnying. PG 
 hutschle. 
 
 kutt[-], f, blouse, gown. G Kutte. 
 
 kuttelfleck[*~~], m, tripe. G Kuttelfleck. 
 
 kutterments[*~~], pl, so, such things. F and 
 E accoutrements. 
 
 confirmation. G 
 
 G Kon- 
 
 L 
 
 la[“], la (note in music). Gla. 
 
 lab["], n, leaf, foliage. G Laub. 
 
 labe, lawe[~*~], pp gelabt, torefresh. Glaben. 
 
 lab || frosch[*~], m, tree-toad; <grott[*~], f, 
 tree-toad; -knopp[*~], m, leaf-bud; -leis 
 [*"], pl, aphides; -wisch[*~], m, spray of 
 leaves. 
 
 lache[*~], pp gelacht, to laugh. G lachen. 
 
 lachtich[*~], soaked, tinted. Adj from G 
 Lache, bog, puddle. 
 
 lack[“], f, brine in which meat is pickled. 
 
 Lake, Lache. 
 
 lad["], f, coffin, load. G Lade. 
 
 ladzrn[~*], f, lantern. G Laterne. 
 
 lade[*~], m, shutter. G Laden. 
 
 lade[*~], pp gelade, to load, charge (a gun). 
 G laden. 
 
 ladeinisch[~*~], Latin. G lateinisch. 
 
 The Pennsyloania-German Society 
 
 lade || macher[*~~~], m, undertaker, cabinet 
 maker; -messer[~~~~], m, undertaker. 
 
 lading[~~], f, charge of a gun, load (of ma- 
 terial). G Ladung. 
 
 lad || mos[~"], mn, measure for powder in 
 loading a gun; -schtecke[*~~], m, ramrod. 
 
 ladschtee~[*"], m, lodestone. Probably E 
 lode- mistaken for E load and translated 
 into G 1ad. 
 
 laeb["], m, loaf (of bread). G Laib. 
 
 laefer[~~], m, runner of a sleigh, shoat. G 
 Laufer. 
 
 laefersau[~~], f, shoat. G Laufer+Sau. 
 
 laejele(~~~], pp gelaejelt, todeny. dG lagele. 
 
 lerbse, larbse[*~], pp gelerbst, to lisp, speak 
 indistinctly. dG lorbse. 
 
 lerbsich, larbsich[*~], lispingly, with in- 
 distinct enunciation. Adj from dG lorbse. 
 
 lzrm(e)[*~], m, noise, alarm. G Larm. 
 
 lerme[*~], pp gelermt, to make a noise. G 
 larmen. 
 
 lermend[’~], noisy, obstreperous.. G 
 mend. 
 
 lermich[*~], noisy. G larm-+ig. 
 
 lerne[*~], pp gelzrnt, to learn, teach, educate. 
 G lernen. 
 
 lerneswert[*~"], worth learning. G lernens- 
 wert. 
 
 lernich[*~], apt to learn. G lern+ig. 
 
 lerning[*~], f, learning, education. Probably 
 after E learning. 
 
 lerrich[*~], f, lark. G Lerche. 
 
 1af["], m, walk, way, current, course, run (of), 
 gunbarrel. G Lauf. 
 
 lafe[~~“], pp geloffe, to go, walk, flow (as 
 water), run (for office), run (of contracts); 
 sich mied —, to tire oneself walking. G 
 
 lar- 
 
 laufen. 
 lafer[~~], m, pedestrian. G Laufer. 
 lafich[~~], in heat. G laufig. 
 
 lafzeit[~~], f, rutting season. G Laufzeit. 
 
 lahm["], lame. G lahm. 
 rarest te “],m,cowardly person. Glahm-+ 
 rscn. 
 
 lahne[~~], pp gelahnt, to lean; sich —, to lean. 
 G lehnen. 
 
 lajer[~~], m, camp, lair, bed (of animals). 
 G Lager. 
 
 lajerbier[~~~], n, lager-beer. G Lagerbier. 
 
 lajere[~~~], pp gelajert, to lie down; sich —, 
 to hibernate. G lagern. 
 
 lajerversammling|[*~~~~], f, 
 G Lager+Versammlung. 
 
 1ak["], f, lye. G Lauge. 
 
 lambas[*™], lampas. F and E lampas. 
 
 lamm[”], n, pl lemmer, lamb. G Lamm. 
 
 lamme[*™], pp gllammt, tolamb. Glammen. 
 
 lammediere[”~~~], pp gelammediert, to la- 
 ment, complain. G lamentieren. 
 
 lammel, lemmel[*~], m, stout burly person 
 (mostly of young boys). G Litimmel, 
 Lemmel. 
 
 lamm || fleesch[*"], n, szeit[’"], f, 
 lambing season. 
 
 lamp[*], f, lamp. G Lampe. 
 
 camp-meeting. 
 
 lamb; 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 lanipehelling[*~~~], f, lamplight. 
 +Helle+ung. 
 
 land[“], n, pl lenner, land, country, soil, 
 bed (in a garden), piece of land plowed 
 either by making all right or all left turns. 
 G Land. Cf schemel. 
 
 land } eejner[’"~], m, landowner; -fuhr[*"], 
 f, farmer’s conveyance; -gemee*[*~'], f, 
 country congregation; -kerrich[*~~], f, 
 country church; -kord[*"], f, map, chart; 
 zlaefer[*~~], m, tramp; -leit[*~], pl, country 
 people; -lewe[*~ ~], n, country life; -messer 
 {*~~], m, surveyor, daddy-longlegs; -nuffzus 
 [-*“], up country; -nunnerzus[~*~~], down 
 country; -rejje[*~~], m, steady rain; -schaft 
 [°~], f, landscape, district, section; -schill- 
 grott|*~~], f, tortoise; -schtrooss[’"], f, 
 highway, country road; -schul[*"], f, 
 country school; -seit[*~], f, land-plate (of 
 a plow); -vojjel[*~~], m, land-bird; -volk 
 [°“], n, country people; -wohning[’~~], f, 
 country home. 
 
 landsmann, lansmann[*~], m, native, neigh- 
 bor, (fellow) countryman. G Landsmann. 
 
 lang[~], long, thin or diluted: -i brieh; -e finger 
 hawwe, to be inclined to pilfer. G lang. 
 
 lang || arsch[’"], m, deformed fowl or person; 
 -arschich[*~~], weak, deformed; -beenich 
 [*"~“], long-legged; -fiessich[*~~], long- 
 footed; -gschichtich[*~~], long drawn out; 
 -gsichtich[*~~], long-faced, hypocritical; 
 zher[*'], of old; -hi*[*"], far off, long; 
 zhoorich[*~~], long-haired; -keppich[*~~], 
 cunning, clever; -kwid[’~], f, connecting 
 pole of a wagon. dG lankert, langwid. 
 G lange Wiede; -miedich[*~~], forbearing; 
 emut[*"], m, forbearance, long-suffering; 
 enaesich[*~~], long-nosed; -ohr[* 7], n, ass, 
 mule; -ohrich[*~~], long-eared; -rund[*~], 
 elliptical; -schtielich[’"~], long-handled; 
 <schtroh[*"], mn, rye-straw; -schwensich 
 [*~~], long-tailed; -versammling[*~~~], f, 
 protracted meeting; -waerich[* ~~], tedious; 
 -weilich[*~~], tedious, tiresome, lengthy; 
 -weis|[* "], lengthwise. 
 
 langlich, lenglich[’~], longish; — rund, oval. 
 G langlich. 
 
 langsam[*~], slow, dull: di uhr is —. G 
 langsam. 
 
 langweile[*"~], pp gelangweilt, sich, to be 
 ennuied, be bored. langweilen. 
 
 lann[~], f, shaft (of a carriage). dG lan, G 
 Lann- in Lannnagel. 
 
 lans[~], f, lance. G Lanze. 
 
 lapp || arsch[*"], m, good-for-nothing and 
 negligent person; -hund[*~], m, good-for- 
 nothing shiftless person. 
 
 lappe[*~], m, rag, patch. G Lappen. 
 
 lapperei[~~*], f, nonsense, twaddle. G Lap- 
 perei. 
 
 lappes, lappi[*~], m, lazy negligent fellow. 
 
 G lappes. 
 lappich[*~], silly, negligent, careless. G lap- 
 
 G Lampen 
 
 pig. 
 lappichkeet|*~~], f, carelessness, indifference. 
 G lappig+keit. 
 9 
 
 97 
 
 Larenzius["*~~], m, St. Lawrence’s Day (Aug. 
 10). G Lorenz. 
 
 laschder[*~], n, vice, iniquity; en —, very 
 much, very many: en —eppel. G Laster. 
 
 laschderhaft[*~~], vicious, outrageous. G 
 lasterhaft. 
 
 laschder || maul[*~~], n, slanderer, backbiter; 
 -wese[*~ ~~], n, iniquitous doings. 
 
 lascht[“], f, burden, load. Last. 
 
 laschtbar[*"], onerous. G lastbar. 
 
 lass[“], negligent, careless, indifferent. 
 in Lassheit. 
 
 lassichkeet[*~], f, negligence, lassitude. G 
 Lassigkeit. 
 
 latt[“], f, roofing lath. G Latte. 
 
 lattenajjel[*~~~], m, lath-nail. G Latten- 
 nagel. 
 
 lattwerrick[*~~], m, applebutter. G Latt- 
 werge <L electuarium=E electuary. 
 
 lattweerrick || kessel[*~~~~], m, large copper 
 kettle in which applebutter is boiled; 
 -riehrer[*~~ ~~], m, stirrer fastened on to the 
 copper kettle in which applebutter is 
 
 G lass 
 
 boiled. 
 latz[“], m, fly, flap (of a garment). G Latz. 
 lau["], indifferent. G lau. 
 lauch["], m, leek. G Lauch. 
 lauer[~~], f, watch: uff der — sei”. G Lauer. 
 
 lauere[~~~], pp gelauert, to listen, watch, 
 lurk, lie in wait. G lauern. 
 
 laurer[~~], m, eavesdropper. G Laurer. 
 
 laus["], f, pl leis, louse. G Laus. 
 
 lauschdere[*~~], pp gelauschdert, to listen, 
 eavesdrop. G laustern. 
 
 lausche[*~], pp gelauscht, to listen, hearken. 
 G lauschen. 
 
 lause[~~j, pp gelaust, to delouse, thrash, drub. 
 G lausen. 
 
 reel hund[~~], m, scamp; -knecker[*~~], m, 
 index finger (in nursery rhyme); -pad[~"], 
 m, part in the hair (EH). 
 
 laut["], loud, strong (of an odor). G laut. 
 
 laut[“], m, sound: ken — vun sich gewwe. G 
 Laut. 
 
 laute[~~], pp gelaut, to sound, ring, read, be 
 worded. G lauten. 
 
 lauter[*~], louder. G lauter. 
 
 lauter, lauder[~~], nothing but, all, altogether, 
 sheer. G lauter. 
 
 lauwarm(~~], lukewarm, tepid. G lauwarm. 
 
 lavendel[”*~] (v=f),m,lavender. GLavendel. 
 
 lawe[~~], pp gelabt, sich, to shed leaves. G 
 (ab)lauben. 
 
 laxiere[“*~], pp 
 laxieren. 
 
 laxiering[~*~], f, cathartic. G Laxier+ung. 
 
 lebbdak[*"], m, mei’, (in) all my life; sei~ 
 (se) — net, never; gotts —! well, well! 
 dG lebdag. 
 
 leb(e)wohl, lewewohl["~*], farewell, adieu. G 
 lebewohl. 
 
 lebhaft[~~], lively, sprightly. G lebhaft. 
 
 lebhaftichkeet[~~~"], f, vivacity. G Leb- 
 haftigkeit. 
 
 lebkuche[~~~], m, honey-cake, ginger-cake. 
 G Lebkuchen. 
 
 gelaxiert, to purge. G 
 
98 
 
 leblos[*"], inanimate. G leblos. 
 
 Lecha|*"], Lehigh; di —, the Lehigh River; 
 di -kaft, Lehigh Gap. I Lecha. 
 
 lechel[*~], n, little hole. Dim of G Loch. 
 
 lechere[*~~], pp gelechert, to put holes in 
 (slate, tin, etc.). G léchern. 
 
 lechere[*~~], pp gelechert; es lechert mich, 
 
 it makes me laugh. G lachern. 
 
 lecherich[*~~], full of holes. G lécherig. 
 
 lecherlich, lecherich[*~~], laughable, ridicu- 
 lous. G lacherlich. 
 
 lechle[*~], pp gelechelt, to smile. G lacheln. 
 
 leckarsch[*"], m, lickspittl. G lJecken+ 
 Arsch. 
 
 lecke[*~], pp geleckt, to lick. G lecken. 
 
 leddelche[*~~], n, lath. Dim of G Latte. 
 
 ledder[*~], n, leather. G Leder. 
 
 leddere[*~~], pp geleddert, to flog, worst 
 (in a fight). G ledern. 
 
 leddern[*~], leathern. G ledern. 
 
 leddich[*~], unmarried; -er name, 
 name. G ledig. 
 
 leddicherweis(*~"-], before marriage, out of 
 matrimony. G ledig-+er-+ Weise. 
 
 lee*["] =allee’. 
 
 leeb["], m, pl leewe, lion, (L-) Leo (sign of the 
 zodiac). G Léwe. 
 
 leed["]; es dutt mer —, I am sorry, I am 
 depressed. G leid. 
 
 leed(e)[*~], m, sorrow, grief; ich habb der — 
 ie I am tired of it; in freed un —. G 
 
 leeder|~~], f, ladder. G Leiter. 
 
 leeder || bam[*~~], m, ladder-beam; -schpros- 
 
 TD eget Bitar en F round of a ladder; -wajje 
 
 m, wagon with rack, hay-wagon. 
 
 leedich[~~], tired of. G leidig. 
 
 leedmiedich[*~~~], sorrowful, sad, lonesome. 
 G leid+miitig. 
 
 leenich[*~] =alleenich. 
 
 leer{ I, empty; —schteh", to be vacant. G 
 eer. 
 
 leerkeppich[~~~], addle-brained. G_ leer- 
 képfig. 
 
 leescht["], m, shoemaker’s last. G Leist(en). 
 
 leescht, leischt[], f, strip, moulding, slat, 
 
 maiden 
 
 fees] 
 ? 
 
 border. G Leiste. 
 leeschthoke[*~~], m, last-hook. G Leisten- 
 haken. 
 
 leffel[*~], m, spoon. G Léffel. 
 
 leffel || graut["~'], n, winter-cress; -maul[*~], 
 n, hang-lip; -voll[*~~], m, spoonful. 
 
 Lefidde["="], pl, tale of being henpecked, a 
 of woe: drum schreiw ich seii —(EH 
 ebber die — ablese, to give some one a 
 lecture. G (die) Leviten (lesen). 
 
 lefz[~], f, lip. G Lefze. 
 
 lehme[*~], m, clay. G Lehm. 
 
 lehmeboddem{*~~*J, m, clay soil. 
 boden. 
 
 lehmich[*~], clayey. G lehmig. 
 
 lehne[*~], pp gelehnt, to lend, loan, borrow. 
 G lehnen = leihen. 
 
 G Lehner. 
 
 lehner[*~], m, lender. 
 lehns || bauer[*~~~], m, tenant farmer; -blatz 
 
 G Lehm- 
 
 The Pennsyloania-German Society 
 
 [~~], m, rented place; -haus[*"], n, tenant 
 house; -mann[*~], m, tenant. 
 
 lehr["], f, learning, lesson, education, doctrine. 
 G Lehre. 
 
 lehre[~~], pp gelehrt, to teach. G lehren. 
 
 lehrer[*~], m, teacher, preceptor. G Lehrer. 
 
 leib["], m, body, stomach, abdomen, bodice; 
 bei leiwe net, not on any account, not for 
 all the world. Leib. 
 
 leibche[~~], leiwelche[~~~], n, bodice, corset. 
 G Leibchen. 
 
 leib || griwwle(s)[*~~], n, belly-ache; 
 -schmerze[~~~], pl, stomach-ache; -schtick 
 [~~], n, favorite tune; -weh[*"], n, diar- 
 
 rhoea. 
 leibhaftich["*~], bodily, identical. G _ leib- 
 
 haftig. 
 
 leich["], f, corpse. G Leiche. 
 
 leichehaus[~~"], n, house of mourning. G 
 Leichenhaus. 
 
 leicht["], f, funeral, funeral cortege, corpse, 
 body (rare in two latter meanings). 
 Leiche. 
 
 leicht["], light, easy, simple. G leicht. 
 
 leicht || breddich[~~~], f, funeral sermon; 
 chaus[~ “I, n, house of death or mourning; 
 -koschde[~~~], pl, funeral expenses. 
 
 leichte["*], pp geleicht, to give light, light 
 one’s way, lighten. G leuchten. 
 
 leichter[*~], m, paper taper, lighter. G 
 Leuchter. 
 leichter[~~], lighter, easier. G leichter. 
 
 leicht || fiessich[~~~], lightfooted, swift; -sinn 
 [~~], m, frivolity, levity; -sinnich{*~~], 
 frivolous, thoughtless. 
 
 leichtichkeet[*~~], f, lightness, easiness. G 
 Leichtigkeit. 
 
 leichtsinnichkeet[*~~~], f, frivolity, thought- 
 lessness. G Leichtsinnigkeit. 
 
 leid["], n, suffering, affliction. G Leid. 
 
 leide[~~], pp gelidde, to suffer, endure, allow, 
 tolerate; gut —, to rather like. G leiden. 
 
 leidlich{*~], agreeable, indifferent, likable. 
 G leidlich. 
 
 leie[*~], pp gelejje, to lie, rest, be sick abed, 
 loaf, lodge (of grain); geld — hawwe, to 
 have ready money. G liegen (in older 
 MHG the 2d and 3d person sing pres forms 
 were leist, leit, and from these the PG inf 
 seems to have been made). 
 
 leier[~~], f; di alt —, the same old story, 
 old ruts, tune the old cow died on. G Leier. 
 
 leiere[“~~], pp geleiert, to thrum or drone an 
 air, do something slowly, work slowly. G 
 leiern. 
 
 leim["], m, glue. G Leim. 
 
 leim || kessel[*~~], m, glue pot; 
 n, scraps of leather. 
 
 lein["], f, line, thin rope. G Leine. 
 
 leinduch[*~], n, bedsheet. G Leintuch. 
 
 leine, leinich[*~], (of) linen. G leinen. 
 
 lei(n)olich[*~~], m, linseed oil. G Lein+dG 
 
 olig. 
 leis[“], low, faint, soft. G leise. 
 
 zledder[*~~], 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 leischhowwell[*~~], f, ogee-plane. G Leisten- 
 hobel. 
 
 leit["], pl, people; ihre —, her parents. G 
 eute. 
 
 leitschei[*"], afraid of folks, bashful. G 
 leutescheu. 
 
 leje[~~], pp gelekt, to lay, put, place; sich —, 
 to take to one’s bed, subside, calm down; 
 sich uff ebbes —, to make a specialty of. 
 G legen. 
 
 lek || asin? “], n, axle plate; -hinkel[*~™~], 
 n, laying hen; -oi[*"], n, nest-egg. 
 
 lelack[~~], m, lilac. G Lilak. 
 
 lendlich[*~], rural. G landlich. 
 
 leng["], f, length: der — no, lengthwise, 
 judging from the length; uff di —, in the 
 long run. G Lange. 
 
 lenger|*~], longer. G langer. 
 
 ac cane “], somewhat long, oblong. G lang- 
 
 ich. 
 
 lengre[*~], pp gelengert, to extend, lengthen. 
 G langern. 
 
 lengs, langs[~], at full length. G langs. 
 
 lengscht[“], longest; long ago; der — dak, 
 June 21. G langst. 
 
 Lennerd[*~], m, Leonard. dG Lenert. 
 
 leppere[’~~], pp geleppert, to sip, be a steady 
 drinker. G lappern. 
 
 lepperschulde[*~~~], pl, 
 incurred for drink. G Lapperschulden. 
 
 leppisch[*~], insipid, unseasoned, tasteless, 
 smutty. G lippisch. 
 
 leschdere[*~™~], pp geleschdert, to blaspheme. 
 G lastern. 
 
 leschderhaft[*~~], blasphemous. G lasterhaft. 
 
 leschderlich[’~~], very. G lasterlich. Cf 
 laschder. 
 
 leschdermaul[*~"], n, shrew. G Lastermaul. 
 
 leschderung[*™], f, blasphemy. G Lasterung. 
 
 small debts, debts 
 
 serconnnet e wearisome, burdensome. G 
 
 Asti 
 
 ledchel* “], pp gelescht, to extinguish, quench, 
 slake. G léschen. 
 
 lese[~~], pp gelese, to read, pick up; des buch 
 lest vun so sache, this book gives an account 
 of such things. G lesen. 
 
 leser[*~], m, reader, picker. G Leser. 
 
 lessichkeet[~~~], f, negligence. G Lassigkeit. 
 
 letscht[“], last; letschder gewwe, game of tag. 
 G letzt. 
 
 letscht[-], zu guter, to wind up with, finally. 
 G Letze, Letzt. 
 
 letscht || heer[* "], es, towards the end, here of 
 late; -jaehrich[*~~], last year’s. 
 
 lettche, lettel[*~], n, lath, slat. Dims of G 
 Latte. 
 
 lette[*~], m, clay. G Letten. 
 
 lettich[*~], clayey. G lettig. 
 
 tea “], pp gelettelt, to Pate Verb from 
 ettel. 
 
 letz[“], wrong, inside out. G letz. 
 
 lewe[~~], pp gelebt, to live. G leben. 
 
 lewe[*~], n, life, living, livelihood, bustle, 
 quick (of a nail or horse’s hoof): seii — 
 net, never; sei' — uff ebber schweere, to 
 
 oo 
 
 enter complaint of assault with intent to 
 kill. G Leben. 
 
 lewemaul[{*~“],n,snapdragon. G Lowenmaul. 
 
 Cf Lott 
 
 ewendich[~’~], living, live, lively, maggot 
 G lebendig. i vate 
 
 lewens || bild[<~*, n, picture of life; -weis 
 ~~~], f, manner of ‘living. 
 
 lewe(ns)lang|~ ~~, ee G lebenslang. 
 
 lewesbalsem[*~~~], m, restorative balsam. 
 G Lebensbalsam. 
 
 lewe(n)s || beschreiwer[~~~ ~~], m, biographer; 
 zbeschreiwing[~~~~~], f, biography: - 
 [~~], f, danger of life; "-graut[*~ “|, n, live- 
 for-ever; zkraft|/~~~], f, vitality, strength; 
 laf[-“~"], m, biography; -mittel[*~~~], n 
 eatables; -schtand[*~~], m, position in life; 
 eschtrof[~~~], f, capital punishment; -un- 
 nerhalt[*~~~~], m, livelihood, sustenance; 
 basa ec lh Bee ey. ], f, life insurance; 
 -wandel[*~~~], m, biography; -zeeche 
 [~~~], n, course of life, conduct; -zeit[*~ 7], 
 f, lifetime; -ziel[~~~], n, goal of life. 
 
 lewich[~~], lively, alive. G leb+ig. 
 
 lewwer[’~], f, liver. G Leber. 
 
 lewwer || flecke[*~~~], pl, liver-spots; -graut 
 ~~~], n, liverwort, hepatica; -warscht|*~™], 
 f, liver pudding. 
 
 G liberal. 
 
 liberal[- ~~], liberal. 
 
 licht[“], n, light, candle, lamp; eem’s — 
 ausblose, to killa person. G Licht. 
 
 licht || butzer[’~*], m, snuffer(s); -butzscher 
 baled Na Gs eee Mad zeil[’ "], f£, miller (moth); 
 zhell ing[*~ “], f, early dawn; -schtrahl[* alt 
 m, streak of light. 
 
 lichter || form[*~~], f, candle-mould; 
 Kahana PS chandler; 
 candlestick. 
 
 Lichtmess[*™~], f, Candlemas (February 2). 
 G Lichtmesse. 
 
 lick[“], £, unoccupied space, while, spell; en — 
 dresche, to thrash a spell. G Liicke. 
 
 lickich[*~], having unoccupied spaces, having 
 small holes. G liickig. 
 
 lidderlich[’~~], debauched, 
 
 smacher 
 -schtock[* sm) 
 
 lewd, dissolute, 
 
 debilitated, weak, miserable. dG liderlich, 
 G liederlich <G Luder. 
 lidderlichkeet[*~~"], f, dissoluteness. dG 
 
 liderlich+keit. 
 
 lieb[“], dear; ach, du liewer! good Lord! (adj 
 and adv) soon; (adj) es waer mer juscht 
 so -, wann zr net kaem, I’d just as soon he 
 wouldn’ t come; (adv) ich daet juscht so — 
 gar nix on I'd just as soon not do any- 
 thing. G lieb 
 
 lieb[7], f, love. G Liebe. 
 lieb || greitel[~ ~~], n, lovage; -hawwer[~~~], 
 lover; -reich[~"], kind, benevolent, 
 lovable; -schteckel[*~~], n, lovage. 
 lieblich[~~], lovely, pleasant, savory. G 
 lieblich. 
 liebling[~~], m, pet. G Liebling. 
 
 liebscht["], dearest; am liebschde, most of all; 
 liebschdi, dear, love, darling, sweetheart. 
 G liebst. 
 
100 
 
 lied[“], n, song, hymn. G Lied. 
 
 liedel, liedlij~~], n, song. Dims of G Lied. 
 
 lieje[~~], pp gelojie, to lie, tella lie. G liigen. 
 
 liejerei['~~], f, repeated or continued lying, 
 slandering. G Liignerei. 
 
 7 beamed SS 
 G Liigen+Streit. 
 
 liejner[~~], lijjner[*~], m, liar. G Liigner. 
 
 liek["], f, lie. G Liige. 
 
 lieschkolwe[*~~], m, cattail spike. G Liesch- 
 kolben. 
 
 liesch(t)["], n, cattail flag. G Liesch. 
 
 liete[~~], pp geliet, to solder. G léten. 
 
 lietkolwe[“~~], m, soldering iron. G Lét+ 
 Kolben. 
 
 liewe[*~], pp geliebt, to love, like, caress. G 
 lieben. 
 
 liewenswert[*~~], worthy of love. G liebens- 
 wert 
 
 liewer, m, liewi[*~], f, dear, darling. G 
 Lieber. 
 
 liewer[~~], rather, more readily; dearer. G 
 lieber. 
 
 liewes || brief[“~"], m, love-letter; -halwer 
 [-~~~], for the sake of, for love’s sake; 
 -smahl(~~~], n, love-feast (Moravian); -pul- 
 wer[~~~~], n, love-powder. 
 
 liewich[*~]: du -i zeit! dear me! G lieb+ig. 
 
 liffere[*~~], pp geliffert, to deliver, furnish. 
 G liefern. 
 
 lifte[*~], pp gelift, to ventilate; der hut —, 
 to raise one’s hat. G liiften. 
 
 liftel[*~], n, breeze. Dim of G Luft. 
 
 liftich, luftich{* “], airy. G liiftig, luftig. 
 
 lilje[* 4, f, lily. G Lilie. 
 
 limbzerjer kaes[*~~*], m, Limburger Eheeges 
 G Limburger K4se. 
 
 limme!l[*~], m, boor, lummox. G Liimmel. 
 
 link[™], left; di—, the left hand. Glink 
 
 linkerhand[*~~], to the left. G linkerhand. 
 
 links[~], left, to the left, left-handed. G links. 
 
 linne[*~], f, m, linden tree. G Linde. 
 
 linnebaém[*~"], m, linden tree. G Linde+ 
 Baum. 
 
 lipp[*], f, lip. G Lippe. 
 
 lippe[*~], pp gelippt, to lift slightly. Gliipfen. 
 
 Lisbett[*~], f, Elizabeth, Betty, Betsy. G 
 Lisbeth. 
 
 lischble[*™], pp gelischbelt, to lisp. G lispeln. 
 
 lischt[“], f, shrewdness, cunning. G List. 
 
 lischt[“], f, list. G Liste. 
 
 lischtich[*™], sly, cunning. G6 listig. 
 
 Liss[~], Lissi{*~], f, Lizzie. dG Liss. 
 
 litanei[~~~], f, litany. G Litanei. 
 
 liwwere[*~~], pp geliwwert, to deliver. G 
 liefern. Cf liffere. 
 
 lo["], lukewarm. Glau. Cf lau. 
 
 lob["], n, praise, character, reputation. G 
 Lob. 
 
 lob || gesang[*~~], m, hymn; -red[*"], f, 
 panegyric; -schpruch[~~], m, doxology. 
 
 loch[~], n, hole, rent, burrow; zum — naus- 
 geh’, to leave suddenly or hastily. G Loch. 
 
 loch || balle[* ~~], m, game of ball; -saek[*"], f, 
 compass saw. 
 
 “], m, quarrel due to slander. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 loche[*~], pp gelocht, to bore, hole. G lochen. 
 
 lock[~], m, call, signal. G Lock. 
 
 locke[*~], pp gelockt, to call, decoy, entice. 
 
 locken. 
 
 locke[*~], m, lock of wool. G Locke. 
 
 lockere[*~~], pp gelockert, to loosen by shak- 
 ing or tapping. G lockern. 
 
 lockere[* ~~] =locke(r). 
 
 lockich[{*~], having locks. G lockig. 
 
 loddele[*~~], pp geloddelt, to shake (loose), 
 walk slowly. Variant of G lockern, lottern. 
 
 lodder, loddrich[*~], loose, shaky, rickety. 
 dG lodder. G locker. 
 
 lodderie[~~*], f, lottery. G Lotterie. 
 
 eri we fagged out, allin. dG lodder+ 
 
 au. 
 
 lodel[*~], m, drunken fellow. G lodeln. 
 
 lodle[*~], pp gelodelt, to bum. G lodeln= 
 schlaff einhergehen. 
 
 loh[{"], tanbark. G Lohe. 
 
 loh*, luh*["], m, wages. G Lohn. 
 
 loh |{ grub[~“], f, tan-pit; -miehl[*-], f, mill 
 for grinding bark; -rot[* 7], color of tan- 
 bark. 
 
 Pett lune[*~], m, linchpin. dG lone, MHG 
 un. 
 
 loos["], f, sow. dG loos. 
 
 lorbeer[*"], f, laurel. G Lorbeer. 
 
 los["], loose (also as to character), careless. 
 G los. 
 
 los["], n, destiny, lot. G Los. 
 
 los-["], separable prefix of verbs. G los-. 
 
 los || binne[~~~], to untie; -breche[*~~], to 
 break loose, burst out; -bringe[~~~], to 
 accomplish: nix —; -drehe[~~~], to un- 
 twist; -dricke[~~~], to pull the trigger; 
 -fahre[~~~], druff, to make a rush, make 
 straight for, drive pellmell; -geh*|[~"], to 
 break loose, go off; druff —, to make a 
 
 dash for; -hacke[~~~], druff, to chop away 
 at, lash at; -helfe[~~~], to help a person to 
 get loose; zhoke[*~~], to unclasp; -kafe 
 
 [~~~], to ransom; -kumme[*~~], to get free, 
 become untied, be discharged; -losse[*~™~], 
 to set free, absolve, dismiss; -mache[~~™], 
 to untie, loosen, undo; sich —, to get loose, 
 break away; -reisse[*~~], to break loose, 
 tear loose; -schaffe|~~~], sich, to disengage 
 oneself, get loose with difficulty; -schiesse 
 [~~~], to shoot off; druff ——, to shoot away; 
 -schlajje[~~~], to knock loose; druff —, 
 to strike at wildly; -schnalle[~~~], to un- 
 
 buckle; -schneide[*~~], to cut loose; 
 -schpreche[~~~], to acquit; -schprenge 
 [~~~], to loosen by blasting; -schpringe 
 
 [~~~], to crack loose; druff —, to run wildly; 
 -schrauwe[~~~], to unscrew; -schwetze 
 [~~~], druff, to talk at random, talk wildly; 
 -werre[~~~], to get (become) loose, get 
 rid of, dispose of; -weeche[~~~], to loosen 
 by softening; -wickle[*~~], to unravel; 
 -zieje[~~~];_ iwwer ebber —, to haul some 
 one over the coals. 
 
 loschiere[“~~] (rare), pp loschiert, to lodge, 
 stay for the night, abide for a season: En 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 Kutsch hot der Edelmann Wo mann drin 
 loschieren kann (Ballad). G logieren <F 
 loger. 
 
 losse[*~], pp gelosst, to let, allow, let have, 
 leave undone, leave in possession; sei” —, 
 to let alone; =oderlosse, to bleed. é 
 lassen. 
 
 lossement[~~*], n, estate, affair, concern, lot, 
 kaboodle. G Losament <F logement. 
 
 lottrement[~~~}], n, =lossement. Form in- 
 fluenced WS by lodder or E lot. 
 
 lovgeije[“*~] (v=f), logeije["“*~], stock, gilly- 
 flower, wallflower. G Levkoie. 
 
 lowarm|“ “|, lukewarm. G lauwarm. 
 
 lowe[~~], pp gelobt, to praise. G loben. 
 
 luchs[~], m, lynx. G Luchs. 
 
 luchse[*~], pp geluchst, to cheat, deceive. G 
 luchsen. 
 
 luck[-], porous, light (of cake), friable. dG 
 liick, MHG lucke. 
 
 luder[~~], n, carrion, term of vituperation. 
 G Luder. 
 
 luder || blumm[*~~], f, carrion flower; -grabb 
 [~~~], f, turkey buzzard; -lewe[*~~~], n 
 dissolute life; -vojjel[“~~~~], m, turkey 
 buzzard; -wese[~~~~], n, immoral doings, 
 darn affair. 
 
 luders[~~], awfully, confoundedly. Adv from 
 luder. 
 
 luft(-|,'f, air... G Luft. 
 
 luftich[*~], airy, breezy. G luftig. 
 
 luft || loch[*~], n, air-hole; -reehr[*"], f, wind- 
 pipe; -schiff[*~], n, balloon, aeroplane; 
 -schiffer[*~~], m, aeronaut; -seiche[* ~~], f 
 epidemic, influenza. 
 
 lummerich[*~~], limber, limp. dG lummerig. 
 
 lump[“], m, scoundrel, villain, rascal. G 
 Lump. 
 
 lumpe, lumbe[*~], m, rag. G Lumpen. 
 
 lumpe || gschicht[*~~], f, rotten affair; -gsindel 
 [~~~], n, rabble; -hund[*~~], m, dirty fellow, 
 blackguard; -kerl[*~~], m, blackguard; 
 -smann|[*~~], m, ragman, scarecrow; -sack 
 [~~], m, ragbag; -sammler[*~~~], m, rag- 
 picker. 
 
 lumperei, lumberei[’~*], f, trash, 
 mix-up, bad business. 
 
 lumpich, lumbich[*~], 
 wretched. G lumpig. 
 
 lung!~], f, lung. G Lunge. 
 
 lunge || fiewer[*~~~], n, pneumonia; -fiijjel 
 [*~~~], m, lobe of the lung; -graut[*~"], n 
 lungwort. 
 
 luschde[*~], m, desire, appetite, delight, desire 
 for certain things in eating during preg- 
 nancy; sei — biesse, to satisfy one’s 
 desire (both in a good and a bad sense), 
 G Lusten. 
 
 luschdere[*~~], pp geluschdert, to have a 
 desire, enjoy. Gé lusten, liistern. 
 
 luschderich[*~~], having desire, luscious. G 
 liister +ig. 
 
 luschdich{* "|, joyful, oly, merry. G lustig. 
 
 luschdichkeet[*~~], f, glee. G Lustigkeit. 
 
 luschdiere[-*~], pp geluschdiert, sich, to 
 enjoy oneself perfectly. G lustieren. 
 
 trouble, 
 G Lumperel. 
 ragged, despicable, 
 
 IOI 
 
 luscht["], f, joy, pleasure, treat, enjoyment, 
 
 mirth, merriment; er hott sei” — dra*, he 
 delights in it: des is en rechti — do. G 
 Lust. 
 
 luschtbarkeit[* ~~], f[, merriment, fun, pleasure. 
 G Lustbarkeit. 
 
 luschtlewe[’~~], n, riotous living, 
 living. G Lust-+Leben. 
 
 luschtunfreehlich[~~*~], jolly, happy. G lust- 
 und fréhl-ig. 
 
 lutsche[*™~], pp gelutscht, to suck. G lutsch- 
 
 G Luther- 
 
 aner. 
 
 Luttrisch[*~], Luderisch[-*~], Lutheran. G 
 lutherisch. 
 
 lutzer[’~], f, lantern. 
 <L lucerna. 
 
 Luwies[~~], f, Louisa. 
 
 sensual 
 
 en. 
 Lutteraner[’~*~], m, Lutheran. 
 
 dG lozern, G Luzerne 
 
 dG Luwis. 
 
 M 
 
 mah[], baa. G ma. 
 
 mache[*~], pp gemacht, to make, do; mach! 
 hurry! es macht nass, it is raining; arrick 
 —, to rage; di grumbeere — net arrick, 
 potatoes are not much of a crop; er 
 macht’s nimmi lang, he won’t live much 
 longer; di kuh is am —, the cow is calving. 
 G machen. 
 
 macht[~], f, might, power. G Macht. 
 
 machtlos[*"], helpless. G machtlos. 
 
 mad[7], f, servant girl, hired girlk dG méd, 
 Magd. 
 madering[“~~], m, matter, pus. dG madering. 
 
 madlenewasser[~*~~~], n, (contemptuous for) 
 weak coffee. G Magdalene-+ Wasser. 
 
 maed|[], f, en alt, an old maid. dG maed. 
 
 maedche, maedsche[*~], n, pl maedcher, girl. 
 G Madchen. 
 
 maedel[*~], n, girl; pl maed: zu der — geh’, 
 di — sehne geh’, to go courting. G Madel. 
 
 maederle[~~~], n, feverfew. 
 
 maed || leis[~"], pl, tickseed, Spanish needles, 
 all species of Bidens whose seeds are broad 
 in proportion to length; -schtofft[~~], n, 
 des, these girls, mischievous girls. 
 
 maehd[- ], f, place where mowing is done. 
 G Mahd 
 
 maehe|~~], pp gemaeht, to mow. G mihen. 
 
 maeher[~*~], m, mower. G Maher. 
 
 maeh || maschien[~~"], f, mower, reaper; 
 zmesser|~~~], n, cutter-blade (of a mowing 
 machine). 
 
 merb[~], merreb[*~], tender, ripe, mellow, 
 crisp, well-done. G miirbe. 
 
 merde[’~], pp gemerdt, to murder, assassi- 
 nate. G morden. 
 
 meerder[’~], m, murderer. G Morder. 
 
 merdere[*~~], pp gemerdert, to torture. G 
 martern. 
 
 merderei[~~*], f, murder. G Morderei. 
 
 merderlich[*~~], murderous; frightfully; — 
 greische, to yell to split one’s ears. G 
 morderlich. 
 
102 
 
 merdergschicht[*~~], f, murder case, murder 
 story. G Mérder+Geschichte. 
 
 meerr[~], f, mare, nag. G Mahre. 
 
 meerre || bletter[*~~*], pl, lily-pads; -oi[*~"], 
 n, cocoanut. 
 
 meerrick[* “], n, mark, sign. G Merk. 
 
 merricke[’~~], pp gemezrrickt, to mark, take 
 notice, note. G merken. 
 
 meerricker|*~~], m, marker. G Merker. 
 
 merrick || schtee[*~ “], m, milestone, marker; 
 -zeeche[*~ ~~], n, mark, blaze (on trees). 
 
 merrickwerdich|*~~~], merrickunswerdich 
 [*~~~~], remarkable. G merkwiirdig. 
 
 mersche[*~], pp gemerscht, to crush (in a 
 mortar). G morsern. 
 
 merscher|*~], m, mortar (apothecaries’). G 
 Morser. 
 
 Mert["|, Merten, Mardi[*~], m, Martin. G 
 Martin. 
 
 Merz[“], m, March. G Marz. 
 
 merz || dak[¢ "], m, March-day; -has[*"], m, 
 March hare: fett wie en —; -wetter[*~™], 
 n, March weather. 
 
 merzeblumm|*~~], f, violet. G Marzblume. 
 
 maessich[~~], frugal, moderate, temperate, 
 mighty. G miassig. 
 
 maessichkeet|*~~], f, moderation. G Méas- 
 sigkeit. 
 
 magnet|~*], n, magnet. G Magnet. 
 
 m4hi["], n, meal. G Mahl. 
 
 mahle[~~], pp gemahle, to grind. G mahlen. 
 
 mahlerei[~~~], f, grinding (usually deprecia- 
 tory). G Mahlerei. 
 
 mahlmiehl{*"]}, f, grist-mill. G Mahlmiihle. 
 
 mahizeit[~~], f, meal. G Mahlzeit. 
 
 mahn["], f, mane. G Mahne. 
 
 maje[~~], m, stomach. G Magen. 
 
 mje || balsem[*~~~], m, downy mint, fall 
 
 mint; -bitters[~~~~], n, stomach bitters; 
 -dricke[~~~~], n, cardalgia; -gramp[*~~], 
 m, spasms in the stomach; -grebs[*~~], 
 
 m, cancer of the stomach; 
 lower canine tooth. 
 
 majer[~~], lean, unproductive, poor; -i millich, 
 skimmed milk. G mager. 
 
 mak, mach["], m, poppy. MHG mage, G 
 Mag(samen). 
 
 mak["], rst and 3d sing pres of meeje, may; 
 ich — net, I do not like to. G mag 
 
 mallifitz[* sae 4 f, di gans, the he blamed 
 business, the whole thing. G Malefiz 
 <L maleficium. 
 
 mam, mem|*], f, mother. 
 
 -zah~[~~ di m, 
 
 dG mamme, G 
 
 Memme. Cf grammam App. 
 mammi, mamma[*~], f, mamma, mother. G 
 Mama. 
 
 mancher, manchi[‘~], manch[*]; mannicher, 
 mannichi[*~~], mannich[*~], many a. 
 manch. 
 
 mancherlee[*~~], of various kinds. 
 cherlei. 
 
 manchfalt|*~], manifold. G manchfalt. 
 
 manchfalt|*~], f, third stomach of ruminants. 
 
 manchfaltichkeet|* ~~~], f, variety. Gmanch- 
 faltig+keit. 
 
 G man- 
 
 _ mangelhaft[*~~], 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 manchmol{*~], mannichmol[*~~], many times, 
 sometimes, many a time. G manchmal. 
 
 mandelkern|*~~], f, almond. G Mandelkern. 
 
 mangel[*~], m, need, want, lack, necessity. G 
 Mangel. 
 
 imperfect, unsatisfactory. 
 G mangelhaft. 
 
 mangelwarzel[*~~~]=mangold. Q. v. 
 
 mangle[*~], pp gemangelt, to lack, be lacking, 
 want. G mangeln. 
 
 mangold[’~], m, mangel-wurzel. G Mangold. 
 
 Mani[~~], Manni[*~], m, Emanuel. dG 
 Manewel. 
 
 manier[~*], f, manner(s), habit; uff di ved- 
 derscht —, in first-class style. G Manier. 
 
 SENT “], mannerly, polite. G manier- 
 ich. 
 
 manierlichkeet[**~], f, politeness. G Ma- 
 nierlichkeit. 
 
 mann[~], m, pl menner, man, husband. G 
 Mann. 
 
 Mannewell[*~~], m, Emanuel. dG Manewel. 
 
 mann || haft[*™], manly; -heit[*”], f, manhood; 
 -schaft[*~], f, crew, garrison; -weib[* a 
 n, virago, amazon. 
 
 Mannischt|” “],m, Mennonite. 
 
 manns || erwet[*~~], f, work for a man, heavy 
 work; -hoch[*"], of man’s stature; -keerl 
 {[*~], m, man (as distinguished in sex from 
 weibsmensch). dG mannskerl; -leit[*7], 
 pl, men (as distinguished in sex from weibs- 
 leit); -rock[*~], m, gentleman’s coat; -vieh 
 [*"], n, rough characters. 
 
 mannsleitnerrisch[*~~~], cracked over men. 
 dG mannsleit+G narrisch. 
 
 mantel[*~], m, mantel, cloak. G Mantel. 
 
 maran[{~~], meijerun[~~~], maru*, marun[’~, 
 m, sweet marjoram. G Meiran, Majoran. 
 
 marchwachen[*~~]=marrickwajje. Q. v. 
 
 ma(r)d, mord[‘], m, murder. ord. 
 
 mardbrenner[*~~], m, incendiary. G Mord- 
 brenner. 
 
 mardbrennerei|’~~~], f 
 
 pec Ne 
 
 mard || dat[*"], f, murderous deed, murder; 
 -grisch[*~], m, yell, loud scream; -gschicht 
 [*~], f, tale of murder. 
 
 marde, madde[*~], pp gemardt, to murder. 
 G morden. 
 
 mardunisch[*~~], madderonisch[’~~~], fright- 
 fully, awfully. Exaggerating adjs built on 
 G Mord. 
 
 pe Maria{“~~], f, Mary, Maria, Virgin 
 
 G Mennonist. 
 
 , incendiarism, arson. 
 
 ary. G Maria. . 
 Mariche[~*~], f, Virgin Mary, Mary. G 
 Mariechen. 
 
 Maricheli[’*~~], n, Mary (nursery rhyme). 
 Double dim of Maria. 
 
 arrereent “|, Ascension Virgin Mary 
 (Aug. 15). G Marie+heim(kehr). 
 
 ab pds) cs i dischdel[*~*~~], f, Virgin Mary’s 
 thistle, lady’s thistle; -warzel[~*~~], f, 
 valerian; wild marjoram. 
 
 marje[*~], m, morning; geje —, toward 
 morning, toward the east. G Morgen. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 marje[*~], tomorrow; — frieh, (by) tomorrow 
 morning. G morgen. 
 
 marje || esse[*~~~], n, breakfast; -gebet[*~~"], 
 n, morning prayer; -land[*~~], n, orient; 
 -lendisch[’~ ~~], oriental; -rot[*~"], n, red 
 morning sky, dawn; -schteern|* ~~], f, 
 morning-star; -schtun(d)[*~~], f, morning 
 (hour); -sunn{*~~], f, morning sun; -tender 
 [°*~~~], m, huckster (at vendues). G 
 Marketender <Ital. mercatante. 
 
 marjets[*~], in the morning, before noon. G 
 morgens. 
 
 Markes|*~], m, Marcus. G Markus. 
 
 marrasch(t)[~’], m, swamp, mire, mud, slush, 
 mess. G Morast. 
 
 ec et f, morel, mushroom. G Mor- 
 
 chel. 
 
 marrick[*~], march[~], m, market, market- 
 place. G Markt. 
 
 marrick || breis[*~"], m, market price; -dak 
 {*~"], m, market day; -haus[*~], n, market 
 house; -karb[*~~], m, market basket; 
 -wajje[*~~~], m, market wagon. 
 
 marricke[*~~], pp gemarrickt, 
 produce. G markten. 
 
 marricks[*~], n, marrow, pith. G Mark. 
 
 marsch[*], brittle. G morsch. 
 
 ma(r)ter[~~], m, mortar. dG morter. 
 
 ma(r)ter || bett(~~~], n, bed or box in which 
 mortar is mixed; -vojjel[~~~™], m, hod. 
 
 marwel, marbel[’~], f, marble. G Marbel. 
 
 masch|~], short off, entirely; — abbreche, to 
 snap in two. Cf marsch. 
 
 maschien|[~~], f, machine, engine, contraption. 
 G Maschine. 
 
 maschienerie[~*~~], {, machinery. G Maschi- 
 nerie. 
 
 maschiere[~~~], pp maschiert, sich, to be gone: 
 maschier dich! G marschieren. 
 
 mascht["], luxurious (of plants), in process of 
 fattening (of animals), pampered. dG 
 mast. 
 
 mascht[“], m, mast. G Mast. 
 
 mascht || darm[*~], m, rectum; -ochs[*~], m, 
 fat or fattening steer; -saul’ Shs tae tOL 
 fattening hog; -vieh[’"], n, fat or fattening 
 cattle. 
 
 maschtochsegraut[*~~"], n, 
 Cf fleehgraut. 
 
 mass(e)rich[’~~], gnarly. G maserig. 
 
 matt["], faint, weak. G matt. 
 
 mattichkeet|*~~], f, faintness. G Mattigkeit. 
 
 mattlich[*~], weakly. G mattlich. 
 
 mattratz[’*], f, mattress. G Matratze. 
 
 maudere[*~~], pp gemaudert, to droop, hang 
 the feathers, brood, sulk. dG maudere. 
 
 maudrich[{*~], drooping, ailing. dG mauder- 
 
 ig. 
 
 Pai f, wall. G Mauer. 
 
 mauere[~~~], pp gemauert, to lay up a wall, 
 do mason’s work. G mauern. 
 
 mauerer[*~~], m, mason. G Maurer. 
 
 to market 
 
 daisy-fleabane. 
 
 mauer || erwet([~~~~], f, mason’s work, mason- . 
 
 ry; -eck[*~~], n, angle of a wall; ‘hammer 
 [~~~~], m, mason’s hammer; ekell(~~~], f 
 
 103 
 
 trowel; -schtee*[*~"], m, building-stone; 
 -senkel[~~~~], m, plumb-line; -wand[*~~], 
 f, face of a wall. 
 
 maul["], n, pl meiler, mouth; es — uff- 
 schperre, to yawn, gape; es — nei7henke, 
 to interfere; es — henke, to mope, be 
 displeased; eens uffs — schlajje, to give 
 a smack in the face; es — druffhi schpitze, 
 to be eagerly expectant; es — uffreisse, to 
 censure, blab in, interfere. G Maul. 
 
 maul || arjel[~~~], f, harmonica; -grischt[*~], 
 m, pseudo-Christian, hypocrite; -karb[*™], 
 
 m, muzzle; -ros[~"], f, hollyhock; -voll[*™], 
 n, mouthful; -ziejer[~~~], m, choke cherry. 
 maulbeer[~~], f, mulberry. G Maulbeer. 
 
 maulbeerebam[~~~"], m, mulberry tree. G 
 Maulbeerbaum. 
 
 maule[~~], pp gemault, to scold, grumble. 
 G maulen. 
 
 maulesel[*~~], m, mule. G Maulesel <L 
 mulus. 
 
 maulich[*~], saucy, insolent. G maul-+ig. 
 
 maulwarf[~~], maulwarref[~~~], m, mole. G 
 Maulwurf. (The maul- in each:of the 
 words maulbeer, maulesel and maulwarf is 
 of different origin.) 
 
 maulwarfgraut[~~"], n, cypress spurge. G 
 Maulwurf+ Kraut. 
 
 maunse[~*~], pp gemaunst, to meow, complain. 
 G maunzen. 
 
 maus["], f, pl meis, mouse. G Maus. 
 maus || dot[*~], dead as a doornail; -fall[*~], 
 f, mousetrap; -katz[*~], f, mouser; -loch 
 
 [~~], n, mouse-hole; -zohr[*"], n, saxifrage; 
 everlasting; -racke[~*~] dot, dead as a 
 doornail. G mausratte; -schtill[“~], abso- 
 lutely still. 
 
 mauszeit[~"], f, moulting season. G Mauser- 
 zeit. 
 
 mechdich[*~], mighty, powerful, strong; very. 
 G miachtig. 
 
 sceepaoren se m, Methodist. G Metho- 
 ist. 
 medizien[~~*], f, medicine. G Medizin. 
 
 meeje[*~], pp gemeecht, ich mak, du makscht, 
 zr mak, may, have permission, like (to); 
 ich mak net, I do not want to; ich meecht, 
 I would like to. G mdédgen 
 
 meejlich, miejlich[~~], possible, probable. G 
 moglich. 
 
 meejlicherweis[~ “**], possibly. G méglicher- 
 weise. 
 
 meene[~~], pp gemeent, to mean, think, have 
 an opinion, express an opinion, opine, 
 intend. G meinen. 
 
 meening[~~], f, meaning, intention, opinion; 
 eem di — sAje, to give one a piece of one’s 
 mind. G Meinung. 
 
 meerreddich[*~~], m, horseradish; falscher 
 —, wild peppergrass. G Meerrettich. 
 
 meerreddichbrei[~~~"], m, pap with horse- 
 radish and egg. G Meerrettich+Brei. 
 
 meeschder|~~], m, master. G Meister. 
 
 meeschdere[~~~], pp gemeeschdert, to master, 
 prevail. G meistern. 
 
104 
 
 G Meister-+in. 
 masterwort. G 
 
 meeschdern|*~], f, mistress. 
 meeschderwarzel[*~~~], {, 
 Meisterwurzel. 
 meessel[*~], m, chisel. G Meissel. 
 meessele[*~~], pp gemeesselt, to chisel. G 
 
 meisseln. 
 
 meh*["], mehner[~~], more; any more, any» 
 longer. G mehr. 
 
 mehl["], n, meal, flour. G Mehl. 
 
 mehl |! brei(~"], m, pap;  -graut[*"], n, 
 meadow-sweet; -kischt[*~], f, flour chest; 
 
 -sack[~~], m, flour-bag; -schtab[*"], m, 
 mill sweepings; -supp[~~], f, porridge. 
 
 mehlich[*~], mealy, dusty. G mehlig. 
 
 mehner|*~]=meh’, more. 
 
 mehrheit, mehrheet[*"], f, majority, plurality. 
 G Mehrheit. 
 
 mehrschdens[~*~], mostly. G meistens. 
 
 mehrscht["], menscht[“], most. G meist. 
 
 mehrzahl[~~], f, majority. G Mehrzahl. 
 
 mei~[], my; meiner, meini[~~], meins[‘], pr, 
 mine; ach mei! dear me! Frequently 
 used without any implication of possession 
 merely to refer in a half-joking manner to 
 the person under discussion: awwer wer 
 net kummt is mei” Levi. G mein. 
 
 meichelmerder|~~~~], mm, assassin. G 
 Meuchelmérder. 
 
 meide[*~], pp gemeidt, to avoid, quit, shun. 
 G meiden. 
 
 meijerun|[~~ 
 ran. 
 
 meill™], f, mile. 
 
 meile |! weis[*~ 
 away. 
 
 meilschtee”[~"], m, milestone. 
 stein. 
 
 meintweje[~ ~~], on my account, for all I care. 
 G meinetwegen. 
 
 meisel, meische[~~], n, mousey; dass dich 
 des meisel beisst! Used jestingly as a 
 threat, or in an exclamation, to children, 
 don’t you dare! that beats all! The word 
 meisel as used in this expression is, however, 
 not the word for a little mouse, but is by 
 derivation the word Misel in Miselsucht = 
 E leprosy, and the expression was originally 
 an evil wish or a curse. Dims of G Maus. 
 
 vpsncan at AU profoundly still. G mause- 
 still. 
 
 melassich, melasses[~’~], m, molasses, juice 
 exuded by grasshoppers. F and G Melasse. 
 
 melassich || brot[*~~"], n, bread spread with 
 molasses; -kuche[~*~~~], m, cake baked from 
 batter mixed with molasses. 
 
 "], m, sweet marjoram. Cf ma- 
 
 G Meile. 
 
 “], for miles; -weit[*~~], miles 
 
 G Meilen- 
 
 or tegapaibhetc capt t  LTo)A m, shoofly 
 
 cake. 
 
 melde[*™], pp gemeldt, to announce, tell, make 
 known. G melden. 
 
 melde[*~], m; zahmer —, orach, lamb’s- 
 quarters; wilder —, goosefoot. G Melde. 
 
 meldung[*~], f, notification. G Meldung. 
 
 meliesegraut{~* ste rf 
 Kraut. 
 
 melisse[~*~}, f, 
 lisse. 
 
 balm. G Melisse+ 
 garden-balm, balm. G Me- 
 
 The Pennsyloania-German Society 
 
 melke[*~], pp gemolke, to milk. G melken. 
 
 melk || eemer[*~~], m, milkpail; -kuh[*’], f, 
 milch-cow; -schtuhl[*"], m, milking stool. 
 
 melkerei[~~*], f, milking (in all its details). 
 G Melkerei. 
 
 melkern[*~], f, milkmaid. G Melkerin. 
 
 mellenkolisch{” ~*~], melancholic, hypochon- 
 driac. G melancholisch. 
 
 melodie, melodei|’~*],f, melody. G Melodie. 
 
 melon[~~*], f, melon. G Melone. 
 
 memmeli[‘~~], n, small metal can provided 
 with a spout which had a perforated button 
 on the end of it, used in feeding infants 
 (the precursor of the nursing bottle). 
 Dim of G Memme, breast. 
 
 menanner|“*~], mit(e)nanner[*~~~], together, 
 jointly, in company; sie kenne’s —, they 
 get along well together; sie hen’s —, they 
 have an understanding, they are having an 
 altercation. G miteinander. 
 
 meng(e)[*~], f, crowd, herd, number. G 
 Menge. 
 
 menge[*~], pp gemengt, to mix. G mengen. 
 
 mennche[*~], n, little man, male of birds; 
 also used for memmeli, in this sense prob- 
 ably a popular error for memmche. 
 Mannchen. 
 
 mennli[*~], n, little man. Dim of G Mann. 
 
 mennlich[*~], manly, male. G miannlich. 
 
 mensch[~], m, human being, mankind, hussy. 
 G Mensch. 
 
 menschde|[*~], am, most, 
 meistens. 
 
 menschdens[*~], mostly. G meistens. 
 
 mensche || alter[*~~~], n, generation; -denke 
 [‘~~~], seit, as far back as memory goes; 
 -feind[*~"], m, misanthrope; -freind|*~"], 
 m, philanthrope; -fresser[*~~~], m, can- 
 nibal; -gfiehl[*~"], n, sympathy; -glick 
 [*~~], n, human happiness; -herz[*~™], n 
 human heart; -hass[*~~], m, misanthropy; 
 zhilf[*~~], f, human aid; -kind[*~~], n, 
 human being; -kunscht[*~~], f, human 
 ability; -lewe[*~~~], n, human life; -pflicht 
 [*~~], f, moral duty; -schei[’*~], shy, soli- 
 tary; -schinner[*~~~], m, tyrant, grinder; 
 -schproch[*~"], f, human speech; -ver- 
 schtand[*~~~], m, (human) understanding, 
 common sense; -weerrick[*~~™], n, work of 
 
 most of all. G 
 
 man. 
 uy? 1 “|, f, human kind. G Mensch- 
 eit. 
 
 menschlich[*~], human. G menschlich. 
 
 menscht[~] = mehrscht, most. 
 
 menschtdeel[*”], mostly. G meistenteils. 
 
 mer, m'r["], we, to me, one; in the meanings 
 “‘we’’ and ‘‘to me’’ the e in mer is pro- 
 nounced long when it is stressed, short 
 when not stressed; in the other meaning 
 (G man, F on) it is always pronounced short. 
 G wir, mir. 
 
 mern|{“]=mer en; gebb mern boss, give me a 
 kiss. 
 
 meschde[*~], 
 masten. 
 
 mess|~], n, brass. 
 
 pp gemescht, to fatten. G 
 
 G Messing. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 mess[*], f, mass, unbloody sacrifice of the 
 cross; en schtilli —, low mass. G Messe. 
 
 messband[*~], n, tape-measure. G Messband. 
 
 messe[*~], pp gemesse, to measure, hold, 
 contain. G messen. 
 
 messe, messich, messing|’~], (of) brass. G 
 messingen. 
 
 messer[’~], n, knife. G Messer. 
 
 messer || gling, -kling[*~~], f, knifeblade; 
 -kolwe[*~~~], m, haft of a knife; -schaed 
 [*~"], f, knife sheath; -schpitze[*~~~], m, 
 point of a knife, pinch (in cooking); 
 -schtang|*~~], f, cutter-bar (of a mower); 
 -schtiel[*~~], m, knife-handle. 
 
 messerli[*~~], n, penknife. Dim of G Messer. 
 
 mess | rad[*"], n, perambulator; -rahm|[*’], 
 m, toot measure. 
 
 messgewand|[*~~], n, vestments. G Messe+ 
 Gewand. 
 
 messung[*~], f, measurement. G Messung. 
 
 metall[*-], n, metal. G Metall. 
 
 Metilde[-*~), f, Matilda. G Mathilde. 
 
 metzelsupp[*~~], f, gift of liver-pudding, 
 sausage, etc., made at butchering time. G 
 Metzelsuppe (but something entirely dif- 
 ferent). 
 
 metzle[*~], pp gemetzelt, to butcher, mas- 
 sacre. G metzeln. 
 
 miau[~*]! mew! G miau. 
 
 mich[~], me, myself. G mich. 
 
 Michel[*~], m, Michael. G Michael. 
 
 mick, muck[*], f, fly; en — neidu’, to put 
 something alcoholic into a drink. G 
 Miicke. 
 
 micke || babier[*~~"], n, fly-paper; -blaschder 
 [*~~~], n, plaster of Spanish fly; -fall[*~™], 
 f, fly-trap; -graut[*~"], n, wild indigo; 
 -gscherr[*~~], n, flynet; -schiss[*~~], m, 
 flyspeck; -weddell*~~~], m,_ fly-chaser 
 -wehrer[*~~~], m, fly-chaser; -woch[*~™], 
 muckewoch|*~~], f, Fly Week; -vieh[*~"], 
 n, (pest of) flies. 
 
 middak[’"], noon, midday, dinner; is es 
 —/(esse) ferdich, is dinner ready; noch — 
 zu, towards the south. G Mittag. 
 
 middakesse|*~~~], n, dinner. G Mittagessen. 
 
 middaks[*"], at noon. G mittags. 
 
 middakszeit[*~"], f, noon-time, dinner-time. 
 G Mittagszeit. 
 
 mied|[], tired. G miide. 
 
 miedichkeet|*~~], f, weariness, fatigue. G 
 Miidigkeit. 
 
 mieh["], f, pains, trouble; sich viel — Adu’, 
 to go to great trouble. G Miihe. 
 
 miehl[7], f, mill. G Miihle. 
 
 miehl || damm[*~], m, milldam; -deich[~7], 
 m, millpond; -macher[*~~], m, millwright; 
 -rad[~~], n, millwheel; -schtab[~~], m, mill 
 sweepings; -schtee~[~~], m, millstone. 
 
 miehsAl[~~], f, difficulty. G Miihsal. 
 
 ean ~~], tiresome, wretched. G miih- 
 selig. 
 
 miehselichkeet[* ~~], f, wretchedness, weari- 
 ness. G Miihseligkeit. 
 
 miessich[*~], idle. G miissig. 
 
 105 
 
 miessichgang{[~~~], m, idleness. G Miissig- 
 gang. 
 
 ibrar enet te tet f, idleness. G miissig+ 
 
 eit. 
 
 mild[~], mild, meek, placid. G mild. 
 
 milda[*~], m, mildew. G Mehltau. 
 
 mildagraut|* ~~], n, mildewy weeds. G Mehl- 
 tau-+ Kraut. 
 
 mildaich[’~~], mildewed. G mehltau+ig. 
 
 militz[~*], f, militia. G Miliz. 
 
 miller[*~], m, miller; der schtawich —, dusty 
 miller (plant). G Miiller. 
 
 millich[*~], f, milk. G Milch. 
 
 millich || brei[*~"], m, pap; -fiewer[*~~~], n, 
 milk-fever, garget; -graut[*~~], n, milkweed; 
 pleurisy-root; wild lettuce; -grawe[*~~~], 
 m, water channel of a spring house; -haffe 
 [*~~~], m, milk crock; zhaus{*~"], n, dairy; 
 zhoor[’~~], f, down on the cheek; -kann 
 [*~~], f, milk-can; -keller[*~~~], m, cellar 
 for cooling and keeping milk; -kuh[*~’], f, 
 milch-cow; -mann{*~~], m, milkman; -oder 
 [*~"~], f, lacteal vein; -saft[*~~], f, chyle; 
 -seiche[*~~~], n, little pig; -seih[*~"], f, 
 milk-strainer; -wajje[*~~~], m, milk-wagon; 
 -zah™, -zoh~[*~ |], m, milktooth. 
 
 millijon|’~~], f, million. G Million. 
 
 millijoneweis[~~~~~], by millions. G Millio- 
 nen-+ Weise. 
 
 mils[“], f, spleen. G Milz. 
 
 milsgranket[* ~~], milsgrankheet[*~ “], f, melan- 
 cholia. G Milzkrankheit. 
 
 milsich[*~], splenetic, melancholic. G. 
 
 minderheit[*~~], f, minority. G Minderheit. 
 
 mindlich[’~], oral(ly). G miindlich. 
 
 minutt[~*], f, minute. G Minute. 
 
 minuttezoijer[’-*~~~], m, minute hand. G 
 Minutenzeiger. 
 
 mir["], to me. G mir. 
 
 mischde[*~], pp gemischt, to manure, drop 
 manure. G misten. 
 
 mischdich[*~], covered with manure. G mist- 
 ig. 
 
 mischpel, wischpel[*~], f, persimmon. G 
 Mispel. 
 
 mischt[“], m, manure. G Mist. 
 
 mischt || brieh[*], f, barnyard liquor; -gaw- 
 wel[*~~], f, manure fork; -zhaufe[*~~], m, 
 dung-hill; -hinkel[’~~], n, common barn- 
 yard fowl; -hof[*"], m, dungyard; -hoke 
 {*-~], m, hook for unloading manure; 
 -schpraeer[* ~~], m, one who (also a machine 
 which) spreads manure; -wajje[*~~], m, 
 wagon rigged for hauling manure. 
 
 miserawel[-~*~], miserable. G miserabel. 
 
 missbrauche[“*~], pp (ge)missbraucht, to 
 abuse, misuse. G missbrauchen. 
 
 missdeitung[“~~], f, misconstruction. G Miss- 
 deutung. 
 
 missdraue[“~~], pp (ge)missdraut, to mistrust, 
 
 distrust. G misstrauen. 
 missdrauisch[~~~], suspicious, jealous. G 
 misstrauisch. 
 
 misse[*~], pp gemisst, ich muss, du musscht, 
 
106 
 
 zr muss, must, be compelled, it must be 
 that. G miissen. 
 
 missfalle, missgfalle[~’~], n, displeasure. G 
 Missfallen. 
 
 missfellich[’*~], unacceptable. G missfallig. 
 
 missfolje[“’~], pp miss(g)folkt, to disobey. 
 G miss+folgen. 
 
 missgebort[*~~], f, miscarriage. G Missge- 
 burt. 
 
 missgunnisch[~*~], envious, begrudging. G 
 missgiinstig. 
 
 missgunscht[*~], f, envy. G Missgunst. 
 mission|[~~~], f, mission. G Mission. 
 missions || breddich[~"~*], f, missionary ser- 
 
 mon; -breddicher[~~~~~~ |, m, missionary 
 preacher; -geld[~~~~], n, money for foreign 
 missions. 
 
 misshandle[~*~], pp misskandelt, to mistreat. 
 G misshandeln. 
 
 misshandlung|[~*~], f, mistreatment. G Miss- 
 handlung. 
 
 misslich[*~], uncertain, doubtful, critical. G 
 misslich. 
 
 missvergunne[~~*~], pp missvergunnt, to 
 envy. G miss+vergénnen. 
 
 missvergunnisch[~~*~], envious. Adj 
 PG missvergunne. 
 
 missvergunscht[*~~], f, 
 Vergunst. 
 
 missverschtand|*~~], m, 
 G Missverstand. 
 
 missverschteh*|~~*], pp missverschtanne, to 
 misunderstand. G missverstehen. 
 
 missverschtendnis[~~’~], n, misunderstand- 
 ing. G Missverstandnis. 
 
 mit[*], with, along; — dem (d)ass=by, 
 because (of). mit. 
 
 mit-[“], separable prefix of verbs and prefix of 
 derived words. G mit-. 
 
 mitaus[“*], unless, except. A literal transla- 
 tion of E without, although it may have 
 been influenced by G mitohne. 
 
 mit || bete[*~~], to join in prayer; -bringe 
 [°~~], to bring along, fetch along; -bruder 
 {*"~], m, fellowman; -derfe[*~~], to be 
 allowed to come or go along; -danse[*~~], 
 to join in a dance; -deele[‘~~], to share, 
 impart; -draje[*~~], to carry along; <-ei7- 
 schtimme[~*~~], to chime in with, agree to; 
 -esse[*~~], to join in eating; -fahre[*~~], 
 to ride (drive) along with; -fridde{-~~] 
 losse, to let alone. G mit Frieden; -geh* 
 [*"], to accompany; -gewwel[*~~], to give 
 to take along with; <-gfiehl[*"], n, fellow- 
 feeling, sympathy; <gift[*~], f, present; 
 -glied{*"], n, member; -helfe[*~~], to help 
 along, lend a hand; -hilf[*~], f, assistance, 
 aid; juwele[*~~~], to rejoice along with; 
 s-kenne[*~~], to be able to go along; 
 -koche[*~~], to cook several things together; 
 -kumme([*~~], to come along with; -lache 
 [*~~], to join in the laugh; lafe[* ~~], to 
 walk along with; -leid(es)[*~~], n, sym- 
 pathy; -leide[* ~~], to suffer with others, 
 sympathize; -leidich[*~~], compassionate; 
 
 from 
 envy. G_ miss+ 
 
 misunderstanding. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 zlese[*~~], to read at the same time; -locke 
 [~~], to entice; -losse[*~~], to allow to go 
 along with (another); -mache[*~~], to join 
 in with, participate; -mensch[*~], m, 
 fellowman; -nemme[*~~], to take along 
 with; -reide[*~~], to ride along with; 
 -schaffe[*~~], to work along with; -schicke 
 [’~~], to send along with; -schleefe[*~~], 
 to drag along with; -schpiele[*~~], to play 
 with; -schtimmich [*~~], harmonious; 
 -schtreiter[* ~ “], m, rival; -singe[*~~], to 
 join in singing; -wolle[* ~~], to want to go 
 along; -zieje[*~~], to pull along with, move 
 with. 
 
 mitme[*~]=mit me, with a. 
 
 mitnichtem[~*~], by no means, emphatically 
 not. G mitnichten. 
 
 mitsamte, mitzamte(n)[-*~], together with, 
 and all; saekbock —hols, sawhorse, wood 
 and all. G mitsamt. 
 
 mitt[“], f, middle. G Mitte. 
 
 mittel[*~], m, middle. G mittel. 
 
 mittel[*~], n, run-around, whitlow. G Mittel, 
 Miittel. 
 
 mittel[*~], n, remedy. G Mittel. 
 
 mittel || alter[*~~~], n, medieval times, middle 
 age of life; -elt[*~~], f, middle age; -eltich 
 [*~~~], middle-aged; -heech{’~"], f, medium 
 height; -maessich[*~~~], moderate, toler- 
 able, soso, medium; -mann|*~~], m, middle- 
 man; -mehl[*~"], n, middlings, second 
 quality of flour; -mos[*~"], n, golden mean, 
 moderation; -punkt[*~~], m, center; -ring 
 [*~~], m, split ring joining single-tree to 
 double-tree; -wand[*~~], f, partition wall. 
 
 ane ky mediate, indirect. G mittel- 
 
 ar 
 
 mittelscht[*~], middle. 
 
 mittem|[*~] = mit em. 
 
 mit(te)re[*~~]=mit re, with a (fem). 
 
 mitte(r)nacht[*~~], f, midnight. G Mitter- 
 nacht. 
 
 mitte(s)[*~], in the middle of, amid; mitte 
 unner, amidst; mitte darrich, right through, 
 across, through the middle. G mitten. 
 
 mittle, middle|*~], pp gemittelt, sich, to 
 meddle. G mitteln. 
 
 mittler[*~], m, mediator. G Mittler. 
 
 mittweks|[*"], midway, halfway. G mitt+ 
 wegs. 
 
 Mittwoch[*~], m, Wednesday. G Mittwoch. 
 
 G mittelst. 
 
 moddel|[* o f, model, pattern. G Modell. 
 mode[*~], f, custom, fashion. G Mode. 
 mohizeit[*"], f, wedding. G Mahlzeit. 
 
 Moi[’], m, May. G Mai. 
 
 moi || appel[~~~], m, mandrake; -blumm{[*~], 
 f, lily of the valley. 
 
 moije[~ “], pp gemoit, to go maying, to cele- 
 brate the first of May by picnics or excur- 
 sions to the woods. G maien. 
 
 mol["], f, mole, mark, scar. G Mole. 
 
 mol["], n, time. G Mal. 
 
 mol{"], moli[~~]=emol’, once (upon a time), 
 just. G mal. 
 
 mole[*~], pp gemolt, to paint. G malen. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 moler[~~], 4 painter. G Maler. 
 
 molke[*~], pl, whey. G Molken. 
 
 molke || beer[*”"], f, cloudy berry; supp 
 ee t contemptuous for a thin watery 
 
 benilekonp: mullikopp[*~~], m, tadpole. dG 
 mollekopp. MHG mol, molle=lizard. 
 
 Mondak, Mundak[~"], m, Monday. G Mon- 
 tag. 
 
 monet, munet[~~], m, month. G Monat. 
 
 monetlich, munetlich[~ ~~], monthly. G mo- 
 natlich. 
 
 monetweis[~~"], by the month, now and then 
 a month. G monatweise. 
 
 moond, muund["], m, moon. G Mond. 
 
 moond || grank[~~], lunatic; -kalb[*~], n, 
 crazy person, mole, (used by EH for) man 
 in the moon; -raude[~~~], f, honesty 
 (plant); -schei*[~~],m, moonshine; -sichtich 
 [~~~], lunatic, somnambular; -uffgang[~~~], 
 m, rising of the moon; -unnergang|[~~~~] 
 m, setting of the moon; -wechsel[~~~], m, 
 change of the moon. 
 
 moos["], n, moss; algae on the water. G 
 Moos. 
 
 mooschi, nooschi[~~], m, taffy. 
 
 ey m, dwarf, dull person, mope. G 
 
 mapetent: “], dwarflike, acess G mopsig. 
 
 mopskopp[*~], m, moschkopp[*~], stupid fel- 
 low, mope. G Mops+Kopf. 
 
 moral[~*], f, morality. G Moral. 
 
 moralisch["*~], moral, having good morals. 
 G moralisch. 
 
 mordsackerment[~~~*], zum, damn it! hell 
 and damnation! G mordsackerment. 
 
 mores[~~] EH, pl, manners. L and G mores. 
 
 mos[], n, measure. G Mass. 
 
 moschdert, mostert[’~], m, mustard; charlock. 
 G Mostert. 
 
 moschk[“], m, musk. G Moschus, E musk. 
 
 moscht["], m, must. G Most. 
 
 motto[’], n, motto. G Motto. 
 
 muck[~]=mick. Q. v. 
 
 mucke[*~], pp gemuckt, sich, to stir, budge, 
 move. dG mucke. 
 
 muh["], moo! G muh. 
 
 mulder[*~], miller’s toll, multure. G Malter. 
 
 muldere[*~~], pp gemuldert, to take miller’s 
 toll. G maltern. 
 
 mummle[*~], pp gemummelt, to mumble. G 
 mummeln. 
 
 mumps|[~],m, mumps. G Mumps. 
 
 mund[*](rare), m, mouth. G Mund. 
 
 mundschtick[*~], n, mouthpiece (of an instru- 
 ment), mouth, voice; zr hott en gut —, 
 he has a strong voice, he is a ready talker. 
 G Mundstiick. 
 
 munkler[*~], m, intriguer, sneak. G Munkler. 
 
 munter[*~], active, lively, well, hale. G 
 munter. 
 
 munterkeet[*~"], f, vivacity, liveliness. G 
 Munterkeit. 
 
 mupse[*~], pp gemupst, to sulk. Variant of 
 G mopsen. 
 
 107 
 
 mupsich[*~], stupid, ugly, sulky. Variant of 
 mopsig. 
 
 mupskopp[*~], m, sulky person. Variant of 
 mopskopp 
 
 muschder[*~], n, pattern. G Muster. 
 
 muschderbuch[*~~], n, pattern-book. G Mus- 
 terbuch. 
 
 muschdere[*~~], pp gemuschdert, sich, to 
 dress up. dG muschtere. 
 muschel[*~], f, shell, mussel, clam. G 
 
 Muschel. 
 
 muschgrott, muschkratt[’~], f, muskrat. First 
 part from E musk- or Indian musq-(uash) ; 
 grott =G Krdote, ratt=G Ratte. 
 
 muschkad || bliet[““~], f, mace; -nuss[-*~], 
 f, nutmeg. G Muskatnuss. 
 muschket[~*], f, musket. G Muskete. 
 
 muschle[*~], pp gemuschelt, sich: Uff der 
 brick muschelt mer sich (nursery). Mean- 
 ing obscure. 
 
 musik[*~], f, music. G Musik. 
 
 musikalisch["~*~], musical. G musikalisch. 
 
 musikant["~*], m, musician. G Musikant. 
 
 mussfress[*~], musfress[~~], n, tear-thumb. 
 
 musslien|*~], m, muslin. G Musselin. 
 
 mut[7], m, courage, humor; gutes-s, in good 
 humor. G Mut. 
 
 mutich[~~], courageous, spirited, moody. G 
 mutig. 
 
 mutlos[~"], discouraged, dejected. G mutlos. 
 
 mutmasse, mutmoosse(~~~], pp gemutmsst, 
 to surmise, guess. G mutmassen. 
 
 mutmassing, mutmoossing[~~~], f, surmise, 
 supposition, presumption. G ‘Mutmass- 
 
 ung. 
 
 mutter[’~], f, mother, womb, nut of a screw, 
 mother (of vinegar). G Mutter. 
 
 muttere[’~~], pp gemuttert, sich, to resemble 
 one’s mother, act like one’s mother. 
 muttern. 
 
 mutter || gichtre[*~~~], pl, hysterics, puerperal 
 convulsions; -graut[*~"], n, motherwort; 
 Oswego tea; -kern{’~~], f, kernel of large 
 size; -karn[*~~], n, ergot; -leib[*~ 7], m, 
 mother’s womb; -mard[*~~], m, matricide; 
 emetrick[*~~~], n, mole; -schof[*~"], n, 
 ewe; -schproch|*~ “], f, mother tongue; 
 =seelichallee*[~~-~~~ ], absolutely alone. G 
 mutterseelenallein; -weerm[*~~], pl, sup- 
 posed cause of rabies in dogs located under 
 the tongue; -weh[*~”], n, hysterics. 
 
 mutterlich[*~~], maternal. G mutterlich. 
 
 mutwille[~~~], m, mischief. G Mutwille. 
 
 mutwillich[“~~], mischievous, playful, malic- 
 ious. G mutwillig. 
 
 mutwillicherweis|[*~~~~ ], maliciously, inten- 
 tionally. G mutwilligerweise. 
 
 mutzich[*~], touchy, fretful, sulky. 
 
 N 
 
 ’n, him, it, a. G ihn, einen. 
 na[{~]!, exclamation of impatience (as on failing 
 to thread a needle, or in dropping some- 
 thing, or in knocking against something). 
 na 
 
 G mutzig. 
 
108 
 
 nab["], f, hub. G Nabe. 
 
 nach{[™ l(rare) = noch(r). 
 
 nacht[~], f, night. G Nacht. 
 
 nacht || eerwet|*~~], f, night work, evening 
 chores; -blumm [- ig PRG F. night- blooming 
 cereus; -eil[‘"], f, screech owl, night-hawk: 
 zesse[’ ~~], n, supper; -gleed|* un: night- 
 dress; -gscheerr[*~], mn, chamber, pot; 
 shaffe[~*~], m, chamber; -hemm|[*~], n, 
 nightshirt, nightgown; -mohl[**], n, Lord’s 
 Supper; -schadde[*~~], m, deadly night- 
 shade; black nightshade, four-o’clock; 
 -schtuhl[*"], m, chamber-stool; -schwitze 
 [°~~], n, night-sweat; -wandler[*~~], m, 
 somnambulist; -wechder[*~~], m, night 
 watchman. 
 
 nachtigall[*~], f, nightingale. G Nachtigall. 
 
 nachtlich[*~], nocturnal. G nachtlich. 
 
 nachts[“], at night; Mondak —, on a Mon- 
 day night, Monday nights; — schlofe mer, 
 we sleep at night. G nachts. 
 
 nacke[*~], pp genackt, to rest heavily (upon), 
 chafe. Nacken. 
 
 nacke[*~], m, nape (of the neck), back of the 
 neck, shoulders. G Nacken. 
 
 nackich[*~], naked, bare. G nackig. 
 
 nadierlich[~*~], natural, physical, naive. G 
 natiirlich. 
 
 nadierlichkeet|*~~"], f, naturalness. G Na- 
 tiirlichkeit. 
 
 nadur[“*], f, nature. G Natur. 
 
 nadur || beschaffenheet[“~~~~~ ], f, natural 
 quality; -farscher[’*~~], m, naturalist; 
 
 -gab[-~"], f, natural gift; 
 urging of the bowels. 
 
 naecher|*~], nearer. G niaher. 
 
 naeh["], naéhe[*~], f, neighborhood. G Nahe. 
 
 naeh || disch[~~], m, sewing-table; -kerwel 
 i a F n, work-basket; -maschien|[~~ 1 fe 
 ilps machine: -seide[~ ~~], m, sewing- 
 si 
 
 naehe[~“], pp genaeht, to sew. G nihen. 
 
 naehern[*~], f, seamstress, dressmaker. G 
 Naherin. 
 
 naehes|[~~], n, sewing. Cf backes. 
 
 naehre|[*~], pp genaehrt, to nourish, sustain. 
 G nahren. 
 
 naejli[*~], n, clove. G Nagelein. 
 
 naekscht["], near, close, nearest, next; 
 (bei) -em, (very) soon. G niachst. 
 
 acnietgay titan anal next best. G nachst-++ 
 
 est. 
 
 naemlich[*~], the same, namely. G namlich. 
 
 neerdlich[*~], in a northerly direction, towards 
 the north. G ndrdlich. 
 
 nerjets[*~], nowhere. G nirgends. 
 
 neerrisch{*~], foolish, crazy ;— gschwetz, foolish 
 talk, obscenities. G narrisch. 
 
 -trieb[--"], m, 
 
 mit 
 
 Cadet ae f, craziness. G narrisch+ 
 eit. 
 nerv["], nerrev[*~], f, nerve. G Nerv. 
 
 nerve || fiewer|~~~~], n, nervous fever, neuro- 
 sis; -weh[{*~"], n, neuralgia. 
 
 neervich{|~~], nervous, sinewy. G nervig. 
 
 nahrhaft/*~], nutritious. G nahrhaft. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 nahrung, néahring[~~], f, 
 Nahrung. 
 nahrungs i ‘saft[*~~], f, chyle; -schtofft[*~~], 
 n, nourishment. 
 naje[* “], pp genakt, to gnaw, wear. 
 najjel[’~], m, nail. G Nagel. 
 najjel || bohre[*~~~], m, gimlet; -eeche[*~~~], 
 f, pin oak; -fascht, -fescht[*~~], immovable; 
 -fluss|*~ ah m, whitlow; -graut[*~~], n, 
 burnet; -nei*[*~"], brand-new. 
 najjle[*~], pp genajjelt, to nail. G nageln. 
 name, nome[*~], m, name. G Namen. 
 name || nome || buch[~~~], n, dictionary; 
 -grischt[~~~], m, pretending Christian; 
 -wart|~~~], n, noun. 
 namens[~~], by the name of. 
 nanner[*™~], one another, 
 (ei)nander. 
 nannerno[~~*], in (rapid) succession, (one) in 
 pursuit (of another). G (ei)nander nach. 
 narb[~], f, scar. Narbe. 
 nard[~], then, lo! —! dart hoschts! Cf nort. 
 nard(e), nadde[*~], f, north; geje narde, to- 
 wards the north. G Norden. 
 nardlich[*~], northward. G n6rdlich. 
 nard || licht[*~], n, aurora borealis; recy 
 *"], m, aurora borealis; -schtern{*~], f 
 northern polestar; -wind|* ~], m, northwind. 
 nardwescht[~*], northwest(erly). G Nord- 
 west. 
 nardweschtwind[*~~], m, northwest wind. G 
 Nordwestwind. 
 narr[~], m, fool. G Narr. 
 narre[*~], only. dGnore. G nur. 
 narre[*~], pp genarrt, to act foolishly, play 
 pranks. G narren. 
 narre || boss[*~~], f, foolish prank. G Posse; 
 -gschwetz|*~~], n, foolish talk; -haus[*~’], 
 n, insane asylum; -schtick[* ~~], n, non- 
 sense; -schtreech[*~], pl, folly, tomfoolery. 
 narrheet[*"], f, foolery, folly. G Narrheit. 
 nas["], f, nose; zu viel in der — hawwe, to be 
 tipsy; di — hoch draje, to be proud; eem 
 ebbes unnich di — reiwe, to cast something 
 in a person’s teeth; di — runsle, to act 
 superciliously. G Nase. 
 nas || bee*[*"], n, nasal bone; -harn[*~], n, 
 rhinoceros; -loch[~~], n, nostril. 
 ai m, limb (of a tree). dG nascht. 
 st. 
 naschtich[*~], branchy. dG naschtig. 
 nase al gschwetz(*~~], n, nasal speech; -petzer 
 ~~], m, pince-nez; ;-weis[~~ “], f, smarty. 
 nasich[~~], inquisitive, intrusive. ’ After E 
 nosey. 
 nass|[~], wet: es macht —. 
 nasslich[*~], wettish, moist. 
 nasscht[], wettest. G nasst. 
 nau*["], now; vun — 4’, henceforth. dG 
 nau’, naunt. 
 naube[~~], pl, tricks, cunning, difficulty of 
 accomplishment; des hott —, you'll find 
 that quiet a difficult matter. dG naupe. 
 naus[], out (of orfroma place). G hinaus. 
 naus-["], separable prefix of verbs. G hinaus-. 
 
 nourishment. G 
 
 G nagen. 
 
 G namens. 
 each other. G 
 
 G nass. 
 G nasslich. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 naus tad barje[~~~], to lend; -baue[*~~], 
 
 d out; -bieje["~~], to ‘bend out; -binne 
 ae to tie outside; -blabbere[~ ~~~], to 
 blab; -blzrre[~~~], to blurt out, spread 
 reports; -blaffe[“~~], to spread reports; 
 -breche[~~~], to break out; -brijjle[“~~], 
 to drive out with a club; -bringe[*~~], to 
 bring out; -dinge[*~~], to hire out; -draje 
 [~~~], to carry out; -drede[~~~], to kick out; 
 -dreiwe[~~~], to drive out; -dresche[*~~], 
 to flog out (of a place); -du™[*"], to put 
 out, eject, oust; -fahre{~~~], to haul or 
 drive out; -falle[~~~], to fall out; -feje 
 [~"~], to clean, scrub out; -fiehre[*~~], to 
 lead out; -flieje[~~~], to fly out; -foddere 
 [“~~~], to challenge; -gerwe[~~~], to flog 
 out (of a place); -geeschle[~~~], to drive 
 out with a whip; -geh*[~"], to go out; 
 -gewwe|~~~], to give out; -greische[~~~], to 
 call out; -gucke[~~~], to look out; -helfe 
 [~~~], to help out (of a place); -hickle[~~~], 
 to hobble out; -hupse[~~~], to hop out; 
 zjaje[~~~], to chase out; -keere[~~~], to 
 belong outside; -kenne[*~~], to be able to 
 get out; -kumme[~*~~], to come out (to a 
 place); -lache[~~~], to burst out laughing; 
 -lafe[~ ~~], to walk out, run out (of liquids); 
 slange[~~~], to reach or hand out; -leichte 
 [~~~], to light the way out; -locke[*~™~], to 
 entice out; -mache[~~~], to sow (a field); 
 sich —, to get out, go out; iwwer ebber —, 
 to pick flaws in a person, speak ill of some 
 one, backbite; -misse[~~~], to be obliged 
 to go out; -packe[*~~], sich, to be gone, get 
 out; -reeche[~~~], to reach out; -reide 
 [~~~], to ride out; -renne[*~~], to thrust 
 out, bolt out of a house; -ricke[*~™~], to 
 
 move out; -rolle[“~~], to roll out; -rufe 
 [~~~], to call out; -rutsche[~~™~], to slide 
 out; -saee[~~~], to sow, seed; -scherre 
 
 [~~~], to scratch out, sow poorly; -schaffe 
 [-~~], to cause to get out; -schenke[~*~™~], 
 to give away; -scheppe[~~~], to shovel out; 
 -schicke[~~~], to send out; -schiesse[~~~], 
 to shoot or gush out; -schiewe[*~~], to 
 push out, postpone; <-schitte[~~~], to pour 
 out; -schittle[~~~], to shake out; -schlajje 
 [~~~], to knock out, drive a person out by 
 blows; -schleefe[*~~~], to drag out; 
 -schlenkere[~~~~], to fling out; -schliesse 
 [~~~], to lock out; -schlippe[~~~], to slip 
 out; -schluppe[~~~], to crawl out; -schmeis- 
 se[~~~], to throw out; -schnelle[*~~], to 
 fling out; -schperre[~~~], to pen out, bar 
 out; -schpanne[~~~], to stretch or put up 
 (a rope); -schpaue[~~~], to spit out; 
 -schpringe[~~~], to run out; -schterze[~*~™], 
 to tumble out; -schtecke[*~~], to protrude; 
 -schtehle[~~~], sich, to sneak out; -schteije 
 [~~~], to climb out, alight; -schtelle(~~~], 
 to set out; -schtocke[*~~], to plod some- 
 where with a cane; -schtoosse[*~~], to 
 thrust out; -schtolpere[~~~~], to stumble 
 out; -sehne[~~~], to look out; -setze[*~™~], 
 to set out, dispossess; -solle[~~~], ought 
 
 109 
 to go out; -vendere[*~~~], sich, to venture 
 out; -weise[~~~], to show out, order out; 
 
 -wickle|~ ~~], to eject, hustle out; -winsche 
 [~~~], to wish some one would leave: -zackere 
 eho to jog out. 
 
 nauszus[~~], (on the way) going (out). G 
 hinaus+dG zus. 
 
 nawering[*~~], m, hub-ring. G Nabenring. 
 
 nawwel[~~], m, navel, umbilicus. G Nabel. 
 
 nawwel || binn[*~~], f, umbilical band; -bruch 
 {‘~~], m, umbilical hernia; -schnur[*~"], f 
 umbilical cord. 
 
 Nazrett[~~], Nazareth. G Nazareth. 
 
 ne*[~]=ihne, tothem. G ihnen. 
 
 nechtlich[{*~], nightly. G nachtlich. 
 
 necke, neckse[*~], pp geneckt, to tease, chaff. 
 G necken, dG neckse. 
 
 necksich[*~], tantalizing. dG necksig. 
 
 nee*["], no. Gnein, dG nee’. 
 
 needich[{~~], necessary. G ndtig. 
 
 neediche[“~~], pp geneedicht, to invite, urge 
 (to accept). G n6tigen. 
 
 needlich[~~], cross, touchy, in heat (of mares). 
 dG nedlich. 
 
 neez["], m, thread. dG neez, G nahen. 
 
 neezfadem[*~~], m, thread. dG neezfadem. 
 
 nei["], new; vun -em, anew; -e mode, new 
 fashions; -es, news. neu. 
 
 nei*["], into, in. G hinein. 
 
 nei*-["], separable prefix of verbs. G hinein-. 
 
 nei* || basse[’~'], to fit in; -baue[~~~], to 
 build in; -beisse[~~~], to bite into; -belse 
 gents iN pound in; -bieje[~~~], to bend in; 
 -binne[*~~], to tie in; -blabbere[~~~~], to 
 blab in; -blerre[*~™~], to interrupt; -blaffe 
 [~~~], to interrupt; -blanse[*~~], to plant 
 in or into; -blatsche[*~~], to splash into, 
 interrupt; -blicke[~~~], to glance in or into; 
 sblose[~~~], to blow into; -bluje[~~~], to 
 plow in; -breche[~~~], to break into; 
 zbrenne[~~~], to burn into; eens —, to 
 give a blow, defraud; -bringe[~~~], to bring 
 in, introduce (in a conversation); zbrockle 
 [~~~], to crumble into (as bread into milk); 
 -brunse[~~™], to urinate into ; -dappe|[~~™], 
 to step into unexpectedly; -darjele[~~~~], 
 to reel in; -draje[~~~], to carry in; -drede 
 [~~~], to step into; -drehe[~~~], to turn in; 
 -dreiwe[~~~], to drive in; -dricke[~~~], to 
 indent; -drickle[~~~], to dry in; -dringe 
 [~~~], sich, to intrude, pry; -drolle[~~~], 
 to trot in; -dropse[*~~~], to drop in; -du* 
 [~"], to put in or into; -dunke[*~~], to 
 dip into; -dunnere[~~~*], to enter noisily; 
 -fahre[~~~], to drive in or into, haul in; 
 -falle[~~~], to fall in or into; -faschle[~~~], 
 to spy, investigate; -fiedere[~~~*], to feed 
 (a thrashing machine); fiehre[*~~], to lead 
 in or into; -fille[~~~], to fill in; -fladdere 
 [~~~], to flutter in; -flechde[~~~], to twine 
 in; -flieje[~~~], to fly in; -fresse[~~~], to 
 eat into; -gerwe[~~~], to flog in; -gaffe[~~~], 
 to gape in; -gauze[~~~], to blab in; -geh* 
 {*"], to go in, enter; es will net all —, (the 
 bottle) will not hold it all; -gewwe[*~™], 
 
IIO 
 
 to ‘‘give in’; -glawe[~~~], to believe in; 
 -glemme[*~~], to pinch in; -gleppere[~~~~], 
 to enter noisily, beat in; -gloppe[~~~], to 
 hammer in; -graddle[*~~], to crawl in; 
 egratze[~~~], to scrape in, harrow in; -gra- 
 we[~~~], to dig into; -greische[*~~], to yell 
 in; -grieje[~~~], to get or cause to enter; 
 -gritzle[~~~], to scribble in; -grubbe[~~~], 
 to grub into; -gucke[~~~], to look in or into; 
 -hacke[*~~], to chop into; -halte[*~~], 
 eens, to give a blow; -haschble[*~~], to 
 enter unexpectedly; chelfe|~ ~~], to help in or 
 into; -henke[*~~], es maul, to interrupt, 
 interfere, butt in; -hetze[*~™~], to drive in 
 (with dogs); -hokle[*~~], to hook in; 
 shole[*~~], to fetch in; -holpere[~~~™], 
 to hobble in; -jaje[*~~], to chase in; -joche 
 [~~~], to yoke in; -johle[~~~], to shout in; 
 skenne|[~~~], to be able to get in; -kuschle 
 [~~~], sich, to snuggle in; -lafe[*~~], to 
 walk in, run in (of liquids); -lange[~~~], to 
 reach in; -leichte[~~~], eens, to give (one) 
 a blow; -leje[*~~], to lay in; -lieje[*~~], 
 sich, to obtain a position by lying: zlocke 
 [~~~], to entice in; -losse[~~~], to admit; 
 smache[*~~], to put in place, insert; 
 emeerricke[~~~~], to mark in; -maule[~~~], 
 to blab in; -meessele[*~~~], to chisel in; 
 emiddle[*~~], sich, to interfere, meddle; 
 -mische|*~~], sich, interfere, meddle; -packe 
 [~~~], pack in; sich —, to get in the house; 
 -raffe[~~~], to gather in hurriedly; -rase 
 [~~~], to enter tumultuously; -rechle[~~~], 
 to reckon in, include in reckoning; -reide 
 [*~~], to ride in; -reisse[~~~], to tear a slit 
 or hole in; -reiwe[*~~], to rub in; -rejjere 
 [~~~~], to spoil by raining; -renne[*~*], to 
 thrust in, stumble in; -richte[*~~], sich, to 
 adapt oneself : -ricke[““ “], to move in; 
 -rinne[~~~], to leak into; -riwwle[~~~], to 
 rub into as crumbs; -rolle[*~~], to roll in or 
 into; -rudere[~~~~], to row into; -rufe 
 [~~~], to call into (a place); -rutsche[~~~], 
 to slide into; -saeje[~~~], to saw into; 
 -scherre[~~~], to sow poorly; -schaffe[*~~], 
 sich, to work one’s way into a place; -schal- 
 le[~~~], to sound into (a place); -scheisse 
 [~~~], to shit into; -scheppe[*~~], to shovel 
 into; -schicke[~~~], to send in; -schiesse 
 [~~~], to shoot into; -schiewe[*~~], to push 
 in; -schinne[~~~], to skimp in seed; -schitte 
 [~~~], to pour into; -schlajje[~~~], to knock 
 in, go in with a will; -schleefe[~~~], to 
 drag in; -schleiche[~~~], to sneak in; 
 -schlippe[*~~], to slip in; -schluppe[*~~], 
 to crawl in; -schmeisse[*~~], to throw in; 
 -schmiere[~~~], sich, to mix up _ with; 
 -schnuffie[~~~], to poke one’s nose into a 
 matter; -schnuppere[*~~~], to pry; 
 -schpeerre[*~~], to lock in, pen up; -schpan- 
 ne[~~~], to hitch horses to a wagon; 
 -schpaue[~~~], to spit in; -schpiesse[~~~], 
 to spear with fork, etc.; -schpinne[~~*J, to 
 enmesh; -schprenge[~~ “], to cause to run 
 in, burst in; -schpritze[~~~], to splash in, 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 inject; -schterze[*~~], to fall into; 
 -schtampe[~~~], to stamp into; -schteche 
 [~~~], to prick, pierce; -schtecke[*~™~], to 
 stick or put in a place, invest; -schteije 
 [~~~], to enter (a carriage); -schtelle[~~~], 
 to set or put in a place; -schtewwere[~~~~], 
 to chase in; -schtimme[*~~], to elect; 
 -schtocke[*~~], to enter stiffly with a cane; 
 -schtolpere[~~~~], tostumble in; -schtoosse 
 [~~~], to thrust in, breakin; -schtoppe[~*~™], 
 to stuff into; -schwetze[~~~], to talk into, 
 persuade; -sehne[~~~], to see into, under- 
 stand; -setze[~“~], to set in; -sinke[~~~], 
 to sink in; -wachse[*~~], to grow into; 
 -welse[~~~], to roll in; -wickle[*~~], to 
 wrap into, implicate; -winsche[*~~], to 
 wish (some one) in a place; -wolle[*~~], to 
 want to goin; -zieje[~~~], to pull in, move 
 into. 
 
 neibekehrter[~~~~], a new convert. G Neu- 
 bekehrter. 
 
 neid["], m, envy. G Neid. 
 
 neide[~~], pp geneidt, toenvy. G neiden. 
 
 neidich, neidisch[~~], envious. G neidig, 
 neidisch. 
 
 Neienglenner["*~~], m, Yankee. G Neueng- 
 lander. 
 
 neigierich[~~~], curious, inquisitive. G neu- 
 gierig. 
 
 neiheet[~~], f, novelty. G Neuheit. 
 
 neiichkeete[~~~~], pl, news. G Neuigkeiten. 
 
 neiichkeetedraejer[~~ "~~~ ], m, tattler, busy- 
 body. G Neuigkeits+Trager. 
 
 nei || johr[~~],n, New-Year; -land[*~], n, newly 
 cleared land; -licht[~~], n, new moon; 
 -modisch|~ ~~],  new-fangled; -moond, 
 -muund|[~"], m, new moon 
 
 neijohr || nacht[~~~], f, New-Year’s night; 
 -schitz[~~ “I, m, a person who goes around 
 ‘shooting in’ the new year. 
 
 neijohrs || dak[~~"], m, New-Year’s day; 
 -gruss|~~~], m, New-Year’s greeting; -wet- 
 ting[~~~~], f, New-Year’s banter. G wetten. 
 
 neilich[*~], recently. G neulich. 
 
 neinder[~~], en, nine-spot (of cards), the figure 
 9. G Neuner. 
 
 nein(e)[*~], nine. G neun. 
 
 neineejich[~~~], nine-eyed; 
 G Neunauge. 
 
 neinheidichhols[~~~~], n, nine-bark. 
 
 neinmonetros[ ~~~ "], f, garden hydrangea. 
 
 neint["], ninth. G neunt. 
 
 neintel[*~], n, ninth. G Neuntel. 
 
 neinuhrschtick["~~], n, nine o’clock lunch 
 served in the field to haying and harvest 
 hands. G neun+Uhr-+Stiick. 
 
 neinzeh[*~], nineteen. G neunzehn. 
 
 neinzeht|[*~], nineteenth. G neunzehnt. 
 
 neinzich[~~], ninety. G neunzig. 
 
 neinzichjaehricher[*~~~~], m, nonagenarian. 
 G Neunzigjahriger. 
 
 neinzischt[~~], ninetieth. G neunzigst. 
 
 nei*zus[~~], (on the way) going in. G 
 hinein+dG zus. 
 
 — ool, lamprey. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 nejere, niejere[~~~], pp genejert, to slave, 
 drudge. Verb from G Neger. 
 
 nejjelche, nejj(e)li[*~~], n, small nail, clove, 
 carnation. G Nagelchen. 
 
 nejjelropper[*~~~], m, claw-hammer coat. G 
 Nagel-+Rupfer. 
 
 nemme[*~], pp genumme, to take, appropri- 
 ate, receive. G nehmen. 
 
 nemmer|*~], m, taker, receiver. G Nehmer. 
 
 nengere[*~~], pp genengert, to express a 
 longing for, hanker after continually, com- 
 plain constantly. dG nangere. 
 
 nenne[*~], pp genennt, to name, call, mention. 
 G nennen. 
 
 nenneswert[*~~], worth mentioning. G nen- 
 nenswert. 
 
 nepsel[*~] schpiele, to play tip-cat. 
 
 nerscht["] =erscht, only, just. 
 
 neschde[*~], pp genescht, to make a nest. G 
 nisten. 
 
 nescht[*], n, nest, bed. G Nest. 
 
 neschtelche[*~~], n, slip (of plants). 
 dim of PG nascht. 
 
 neschtgweckerli[*~~~], n, term of endearment 
 applied to an infant in its cradle. 
 dG nestquack =last-born child. 
 
 neschtli[*~], n, twig. Dim of PG nascht. 
 
 neschtoi[’], n, nest-egg. G Nestei. 
 
 nesscht|"], wettest. G niassest. 
 
 nesser[’~], wetter. G nasser. 
 
 nesslich[‘~], wettish, moist. 
 
 net, nat[“], not. dG nit, net. 
 
 netdesdewennicher[~~~*~~], nevertheless. G 
 nichtsdestoweniger. 
 
 nett[“], neat, pretty, tidy, nice. G nett. 
 
 nettemol[*~~], not even. dG net-+emol. 
 
 netz[], mn, net, reticulum, peritoneum. G 
 Netz. 
 
 netze[*~], pp genetzt, to wet, sprinkle. G 
 netzen. 
 
 netzwerrick[*~™], n, netting. G Netzwerk. 
 
 newe[~~], adv and prep, beside, by the side of, 
 alongside (of). G neben. 
 
 newebei[*~~], (coming) from the side, by the 
 by, incidentally; vun —, from the side. G 
 nebenbei. 
 
 newedra[~~~], beside, alongside of. 
 -+dran. 
 
 newedrauss[~~*], aside, out of the way, 
 apart, out by, on a back road. Gneben+ 
 drauss. 
 
 newe || gaul[~~~], m, horse harnessed to the 
 right (of the saddle horse); -gebei[~~~"], n, 
 outbuilding; -kind[~~~], n, bastard; -kosch- 
 de[~~~~], pl, extra expenses; -mensch[*~~], 
 m, neighbor; -sach[*~~], f, non-essential; 
 -schtick[~~~], n, lunch, encore; -schtrooss 
 [~~~], f, byway. : 
 
 neweher|[~~~], alongside of (in motion). G 
 nebenher. 
 
 newehi*[*~~], alongside of, on the right side 
 (in hitching horses); schpann den gaul —, 
 pare this horse on the off side. G neben- 
 
 in. 
 newem|[~~]=newe em. 
 
 Double 
 
 G nasslich. 
 
 G neben 
 
 Dim of ' 
 
 Ii! 
 
 neweme|*~~]=newe me, beside a. 
 
 newenanner|*~~~], abreast, beside each other. 
 nebeneinander. 
 
 newenannerher[™~~~*], (moving) alongside of 
 each other. G nebeneinander+-her. 
 
 newenanner || geh*[*~~~"], to walk or go 
 alongside of each other; -hocke[~~~~~~ lL 
 to sit alongside of each other; -lafe[~~~~ ~~ 1, 
 to walk alongside of each other; -leie 
 nite. ], to lie beside each other; -leje 
 thee cs ute ], to lay alongside of each other; 
 -schlofe[~~~~ ~~ ], to sleep beside each other; 
 -schtelle[~~~~~~ ], to set beside each other; 
 -setze[~~~~~~ ], to set beside each other. 
 
 newenaus|*~"], aside, off to one side. G 
 neben-+-hinaus. 
 
 newenei~[~~~], in at the side (of something in 
 motion). G neben-+hinein. 
 
 newere|~~~]=newe re. 
 
 newes|~ ~] =newe es. 
 
 newewart[~~~], mn, adverb, curse-word: er 
 
 hott so’n —. G Nebenwort. 
 newewedder[~~~~], against the side. G 
 neben-+ wider. 
 
 newich[~*~], beside, by the side of, alongside. 
 Variant of newe (prep). 
 
 newichem[~~~]=newich em. 
 
 newichme[~*~~]=newich me. 
 
 newichre[~ ~~] =newich re. 
 
 newwell*~], m, fog. G Nebel. 
 
 newwle[*~], pp genewwelt, to be foggy, 
 drizzle, rise like spray from the ground in 
 a heavy rain, jestingly of dust as thick as 
 fog, said of an angry outburst: es hott 
 genewwelt. G nebeln. 
 
 newwlich[‘~], foggy, misty. G neblig. 
 
 nichdern[*~], sober, temperate. G niichtern. 
 
 Nickles[*~], m, Nicholas. G Niklas. 
 
 nidder[‘~], low, down, base. G nieder. 
 
 nidder-[*~], separable prefix of verbs, and 
 prefix of derived words. Gnieder-. 
 
 nidder || beenich[*~ ~~], low-legged, base, vile; 
 zbicke[*~~™~], sich, to bend down; -brenne 
 [*~~“], to burn down; -drechdich|*~~~], 
 base, vile, despicable; -drede[*~ ~~], to tread 
 down; -ducke[*~~~], to duck, dodge; 
 efalle[*~~~], to fall down; -gerwe[*~~~], to 
 beat down; -gschlajje[*~~™], beaten down, 
 dejected, in low spirits; -hacke[*~~~], to 
 chop down; -halte[*~~~], to hold low, aim 
 low; -leje[*~~~], to lay down; -losse[*~~™], 
 to lower; -mache[*~~~], to chop down; 
 esmaehe[*~ ~~], to mow down; -reisse[*~ ~~], 
 to tear down; -schiesse[*~~~], to shoot 
 down; =-schlajje[*~~~], to knock down; 
 -schtelle[*~~~], to set (a machine) so as to 
 mow low; -sinke[*~~~], to sink down. 
 
 nidderer[|*~~], lower. G niederer. 
 
 nidderdrechdichkeet|*~~~"], f, baseness, ras- 
 cality. G Niedertrachtigkeit. 
 
 nidderscht[*~], lowest. G niederst. 
 
 niddrich[*~], vulgar, neap (tide). G niedrig. 
 nie["], never; — net, never; — ken, never 
 any; er dutt — nix, he never does any- 
 
 thing (common uses of the double negative). 
 G nie. 
 
I1l2 
 
 niedichkeet[~~~], f, meatness, tidiness. G 
 Niedlichkeit (perhaps influenced by E 
 neat). 
 
 niedlich[~~], neat, pretty, nice. G niedlich. 
 
 niedlichkeet[~~~], f, tidiness. G Niedlichkeit. 
 
 niedrich[~ “], humble. G niedrig. 
 
 niejer, nejer[~~], negro. G Neger. 
 
 niemand[~~], nimmand|[*~], no one. 
 mand. 
 
 niemols[~~], never. G niemals. 
 
 nier[’], f, kidney. G Niere. 
 
 niere || fett[*~~1, re suet; -granket[~~~~], 
 grankheet|" ~~ “], {, disease of the kidneys, 
 Bright’s disease; -graut[~~"], n, sneeze- 
 wort; -inschlich[~~~~], n, suet; -schmals 
 {[*~~], n, leaf-lard; -schtick[*~~], n, loin 
 (roast), rump. 
 
 niese[~~], pp geniest, to sneeze. G niesen. 
 
 niesgraut[~"], n, white hellebore (veratrum 
 viride); green hellebore (helleborus viridis). 
 
 niet["], m, rivet, clinch. G Niet. 
 
 G nie- 
 
 niete[~ +, pp geniet, to rivet. G nieten. 
 nietnajjel{[~~~], m, rivet. G Nietnagel. 
 nimmermeh”, nimmimeh*[*~"], nevermore, 
 
 never again. G nimmermehr. 
 
 nimmi, nimme(*~], no more, no longer, never. 
 dG nimi. 
 
 ninkere[*~~], pp geninkert, to obey the call of 
 nature (in speaking to children). 
 
 nipp[], m, sip, nip. G Nipp. 
 
 nischde[*~], pp genischt, sich, to make a nest 
 (as a dog). G nisten. 
 
 nischdle[*~], pp genischdelt, to nestle, snuggle. 
 G nisteln. 
 
 niss[~], f, nit. G Niss. 
 
 nisseel[* “|, n, oil of bitternuts. G Nussol. 
 
 nissich[*~], nitty. G nissig. 
 
 nissschisser[*~~], m, gad-fly. G Niss+ 
 Scheisser. 
 
 nitzlich[*~], useful, profitable. G niitzlich. 
 
 nitzlichkeet[*~"], f, utility. G Niitzlichkeit. 
 
 niwwer[*~], over, across. G hiniiber. 
 
 niwwer-[*~], separable prefix of verbs. G 
 hintiber-. 
 
 niwwer || bezahle[*~~~~], to pay over; -breche 
 [*~~~], to break across; -brin ge[*~~*], to 
 bring (get) across; -draje[’ ~~“, to carry 
 over; -drehe|* ~~~], to turn over; -dreiwe 
 [*~"~], to drive over; -du*[*~ 7], to put 
 
 across; -fahre[*~~~], to drive over (in a 
 vehicle); -falle[*~~~], to fall on the other 
 side; -fiehre[*~~~], to lead over; -flieje 
 
 -gackse[*~~~], to gossip 
 -gaffe[*~~~], to gape 
 -geh[*~"], to go over; -gewwe 
 to give over; -graddle[*~~~], 
 -greische[*~ ~~], to scream 
 -gucke[*~~™~], to look across; -hacke 
 , to paw across (of horses); -halte 
 [*~~~], to hold to the other side; -harriche 
 [*~*~*], to listen to what is going on on the 
 other side; -helfe[*~~~], to help (some one) 
 across; -hocke[‘~~~], sich, to sit on the 
 other ‘side; -hupse[*~~~], to hop across; 
 -jackere[*~~~~], to jog across to; +«jaje 
 
 [*~~~], to fly over; 
 across (the fence); 
 across; 
 Wee 
 
 ’ 
 clamber across; 
 across; 
 
 evvy 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 [*~"~], to chase to the other side; -johle 
 [*~-~], to shout across; -keere[*~~~], to 
 belong on the other side; -kehre[*~~~], to 
 sweep over; -kenne[*~~~], to be able to get 
 across; -kessle[*~~~], to make a laborious 
 journey over; -kumme[*~~~], to come over; 
 -lafe[*~ ~~], to walk over, run over (of 
 
 liquids); -leichte[~~~~], to light the way 
 across; -leje[*~~~], to lay over; -lodle 
 [~~~], to trudge lazily over; -misse[*~~™], 
 
 to be obliged to cross or pass over; -memme 
 [~~~], to take over; -reeche[*~ ~~], to reach 
 over; -reisse[*~~~], to pull over; -renne 
 [~~~], to rush over; -schaffe[*~~™~], to put 
 or transport over; -Schalle[*~~~], to sound 
 
 across; -scheppe[*~~~], to shovel over; 
 -schicke[*~~~], to send over; -schiesse 
 [°~"~], to shoot over; =-schitte[*~~~], 
 
 pour over; -schluppe[*~~™~], to creep over; 
 -schmeisse[*~~~], to throw over; -schnalle 
 [*~*~], to buckle over; -schnappe[*~~™~], to 
 limp over; -schnelle{*~~*], to jerk over; 
 -schneppe[’ ~~~], to tilt over; -schpringe 
 [*~~~], to run over; -schritte[’ ~~~], to step 
 across; -schtecke[‘ ~~~], to fasten over; 
 -schtelle[*~~~], to set over; -schtimme 
 [*~~~], to sound across, vote on the other 
 side; -schwimme[*~~~], to swim across; 
 zsetze[“~~~], to set over; -wolle[*~~~], to 
 want to get across; -zieje[*~~~], to pull 
 over, move over. 
 
 niwwerzus[*~~], (on the way) going across, 
 over yonder. G hiniiber+dG zus. 
 
 nix[”], nothing; — do, nothing of the sort, 
 no you won't, I won’t allow it; — kumm 
 raus, nothing doing. G nichts. 
 
 nixdewennicher[*~~~~], nevertheless. G 
 nichtsdestoweniger. 
 
 nixeso[*~"], nothing of the kind, nothing like 
 it. G nichts so. 
 
 nixnutz[*~], m, mischievous child; (<4 
 worthless. G Nichtsnutz. 
 
 nixnutzich[*~~], naughty, mischievous, worth- 
 
 less. G nichtsnutzig. 
 nixnutzicher[*~~~], more mischievous. G 
 nichtsnutziger. 
 
 nixnutzichkeet[*~~"], f, naughtiness, worth- 
 
 lessness. G Nichtsnutzigkeit. 
 nixnutzichscht[*~~], most mischievous. G 
 nichtsnutzigst. 
 
 nixwisser[*~~], m, know-nothing, ignoramus. 
 G Nichtswisser. 
 
 no[~] =denno, then, after that. 
 
 no, nooch[{"], after, towards, according to, by 
 (usually after a noun). G nach. 
 
 no(nooch) || erwe[*~~], sich, to be hereditary; 
 -affe[~~~], to imitate; -Aarte[~~~], to take 
 after, resemble; -basse[~~~], to trudge 
 after; -bete[~~~], to repeat the words of 
 another in prayer; -bezahle["*~~], to pay 
 later, make an additional payment; -binne 
 [~~~], to tie sheaves after a cradler; -blerre 
 [~~~], to bawl or low after; -blaffe[~~~], to 
 bark after; -blanse[*~~], to replant; 
 -blaudre[~~~], to gossip about; ~<blicke 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 [“~~], to look after; -bluje[*~~], to plow 
 after; -brille[~~~], to cry after; -bringe 
 [-~~], to bring after; -derfe[*~~], to be 
 allowed to follow; -danse[~~~], to dance 
 after, imitate in dancing; -dappe[~~~], to 
 follow: -dapple[~~~], to follow in a stiff 
 manner; -darjele[~~~~], to stagger after; 
 -denke[~~~], to consider, meditate, reflect; 
 -drachde[~~~], to follow up, lie in wait 
 for, pursue; -draje[~~~], to carry after; 
 -dratsche[~~~], to follow; -dratte[~~~], to 
 trot after, toddle after; -dreiwe[~~~], to 
 drive after; -eile[“~~~], to hurry after; 
 zesse[~~~], to eat after the rest, eat at the 
 second table; -fahre[~~~], to drive (in a 
 vehicle) after; -fange[*~~], to catch up 
 with; -faschle[“~~], to pry, investigate 
 (secretly), look into, attempt to elicit; 
 -feje[~~~], to follow (some one); -fiehre 
 [~~~], to lead on behind; -fille[~~™~], to fill 
 up (after having drawn some); -flankiere 
 [~~"~], to roam after; -flieje[~~~], to fly 
 after; -folje[“~~], to follow, imitate, suc- 
 ceed; -froje[~~~], to inquire about; -gaffe 
 [“~~], to gape after; -geh*[~"], to follow, 
 pursue; es geht ihm heit noch no, it clings 
 to him to this day; -gewwe[~~~], to give 
 way, give in, cave in, yield, sink, recede; 
 -graddle[~~~], to crawl after, follow with 
 difficulty; -grawe[*~~~], to dig after; 
 -greische[~~~], to shout after; -grieje[~~~], 
 to obtain subsequently; -gucke[~~~], to 
 look after, see to; -halte[~~~], to keep up 
 with, shout at; -haschble[*~~], to rush 
 after; sheile[*~~~], to cry after; -helfe 
 [4 to help along, improve the occasion; 
 shetze[~~~], to set on (a dog); -hickle{~~*], 
 to limp after; -jaje[“~~], to race after; 
 -kenne[~~~], to be able to follow; -kessle 
 {-~~], to jog after; -kumme[*~~], to follow; 
 zlache[~~~], to laugh after; -lafe[~~~], to 
 walk after, follow assiduously, have a 
 liking for; -lauschdere[~ ~~~], tolistensurrep- 
 titiously; -leichte[~~~], to light the way 
 after (some one); -lese[~~~], to pick or read 
 after (some one); -lewe[*~~], to conform 
 to; -lieje[~~~], to slander; -locke[~~~], to 
 entice to follow; -losse[~~~], to leave off, 
 abate, slacken, relent; -mache[~~~], to 
 imitate, forge, counterfeit; -maehe[~~™], 
 to follow in mowing; -maule[~~~], to scold 
 after (some one); -misse[~~™~], to be obliged 
 to follow; -naéme[*~~], to name after; 
 epacke[~~~], to hustle after; -peife[~~~], 
 to whistle after; -reche[~~~], to rake after, 
 rake and bind; srechle[~~~], to reckon 
 again, find out by reckoning; -reide[~~~], 
 to ride after; -renne[*~~], to rush after; 
 -retsche[~~~], to tell lies behind one’s back; 
 -ricke[~~~], to move after; -rufe[~~~], to 
 call after; -saje[~~~], to repeat another’s 
 words, speak ill of one behind his back; 
 <scherfe[~~~], to give a reminder; -schaffe 
 [~~~], to convey after a person, make up by 
 working; sich —, to exert oneself to keep 
 
 10 
 
 113 
 
 up with another; -schalle[~~~], to sound 
 
 after; -schicke[~~~], to send after; -schies- 
 se[~"~], to shoot after, follow swiftly; 
 zschiewe[~~~], to push after; -schleefe 
 
 [~~~], to drag after; -schleiche[*~~], to 
 sneak after; -schluppe[~~~], to creep after; 
 -schmeisse[~~~], to throw after; -schreiwe 
 [~~~], to follow a model in writing; -schter- 
 me[~~~], to follow in a rage; -schteh*[~"], to 
 serve subsequently; -schwimme[*~~], to 
 swim after; -sehne[~~~], to look after; 
 -schtolpere[~~~~], to stumble after; -singe 
 [~~~], to follow in singing; -suche[~~~], to 
 investigate; -wachse[~~~], to grow again, 
 come into bearing (of an orchard); -weise 
 [~~~], to point out (in reading); -wieje[~~~], 
 to verify the weight; -wolle[~~~], to want 
 to follow; -zackere[~~~~], to jog after; 
 -zaehle[~~~], to count over, check; -zieje 
 [~~~], to pull or move after. 
 
 noch[*], yet, still. G noch. 
 
 noch[”}, to, towards, after; 
 it is after noon. G nach. 
 
 noch[~] (rare), nor. G noch. 
 
 nochber[*~], m, neighbor. G Nachbar. 
 
 nochberlich[*~~], neighborly. G nachbarlich. 
 
 nochberschaft|*~~], f, neighborhood. G 
 Nachbarschaft. 
 
 nochberschtick[*~~], n, neighborly act. G 
 Nachbar-+Sttick. 
 
 nochbershaus|*~~], n, neighbor’s house. G 
 Nachbarhaus. 
 
 nochbrebeitscher[*~~~], m, one who slanders 
 his neighbors. G Nachbarn-+Peitscher. 
 
 nochdem[*~], (adv) afterwards, after that, 
 
 es is — middak, 
 
 hereafter; (conj) according (as), after, 
 when. nachdem. 
 
 at Rage race afterwards. G _ nachder- 
 and, 
 
 nochem{*~] =noch em. 
 
 nochemol|*~"], again, once more. 
 einmal. 
 
 nochenanner[’~~™], one after the other, in 
 succession, consecutively: fimfmol —. G 
 nacheinander. 
 
 nochme[’~] =noch me. 
 
 nochmiddak[*~"], m, afternoon. 
 mittag. Cf nummidak. 
 
 nochmols[*~], again. G nochmals. 
 
 nochre[*~| =noch re. 
 
 noddlich[*~], dilapidated, rickety. dG nod- 
 dele =to be negligent. 
 
 nodel[*~], f, needle. G Nadel. 
 
 nodel || eehr[*~"], f, eye of a needle. G 
 Nadeléhr; -schpitze[*~~~], f, point of a 
 needle. 
 
 nodle[~~], pp genodelt, to ply the needle, sew 
 fast. G nadeln. 
 
 noht["], f, seam. G Naht. 
 
 nooch{], ‘after, towards; — un —, gradually, 
 little by little. Gnach. Cf no. 
 
 G noch 
 
 G Nach- 
 
 noochdenklich[*~~], pensive. G nachdenk- 
 lich. 
 
 noochfolje[*~~], pl, consequences. G Nach- 
 folgen. 
 
114 
 
 noochfoljer[*~~], m, follower. G Nachfolger. 
 noochgebort[*~~], f, placenta. G Nachge- 
 burt 
 
 noochher[*~], afterwards. G nachher. 
 
 noochherich|[*~~], subsequent. G nachherig. 
 
 noochkemmling[~~~], m, descendant. G 
 Nachkémmiling. 
 
 noochkummenschaft[~~~~], f, posterity. G 
 Nachkommenschaft. . 
 
 noochkumme(r)[*~~], s and pl, descendant, 
 offspring. G Nachkomme. 
 
 noochkunft[*~], f, posterity, the future. G 
 Nachkunft. 
 
 noochlessich, nachlessich[~~~], 
 careless, heedless. G nachlassig. 
 
 noochlessichkeet|~ ~~~], f, negligence, remiss- 
 
 negligent, 
 
 ness. G Nachlassigkeit. 
 noochricht[*™], f, news, notice. G Nachricht. 
 noochschrift[~~], f, postscript. G Nach- 
 schrift. 
 
 noochsummer[*~~], m, Indian summer. G 
 Nachsommer. 
 noochweis[~"], m, 
 
 Nachweis. 
 noochweiser[~~~], m, index. G Nachweiser. 
 noochwinter[~~~], m, latter part of winter. 
 
 G Nachwinter. 
 
 Nooi[~~], m, Noah. G Noah. 
 
 nooschi[*~] =mooschi. Q. v. 
 
 nore[~~] =nooch re. 
 
 nort[“], not{"]=dennort, dennot, after that. 
 dG (de)nod. 
 
 not["], f, distress, need; — leide, to suffer, be 
 damaged, be in want; in der —, needy, in 
 distress; so zu(ze) —, zu gnappser —, just 
 barely; mit aller —, just perelys by the 
 skin of the teeth. G Not. 
 
 not["], f, note, bill. G Note. 
 
 not || appel[~~*], m, pippin; -glaech[~"], m, 
 open link a repairing a chain, handy link; 
 
 proof, explanation. G 
 
 sliek[~"], f, lie of necessity, white lie: 
 -schtall[*~], m, trave; -schtunn(~~], i 
 hour of distress; -zeeche[*~~], n, sign of 
 
 distress. 
 
 notwennich[*~~], necessary. G notwendig. 
 
 notwennichkeet|*~~~], f, necessity. G Not- 
 wendigkeit. 
 
 ph tcticded ty m, November. G Novem- 
 
 er. 
 
 nucke[*~], pp genuckt, to nod, doze, give 
 assent. dG nucke. 
 
 nuddle[*~], pp genuddlet, to nurse or suck 
 complacently (of a child). Cf nuschdle. 
 
 nudel[~~], f, noodle, vermicelli. G Nudel. 
 
 nudelsupp[~~~], f, noodle soup. G Nudel- 
 suppe. 
 
 nuff[“], up to a place, up (thither), up to the 
 top. G hinauf. 
 
 nuff-[“], separable prefix of verbs. G hinauf-. 
 
 nuff || baue[*~~], to build up (somewhere); 
 -bieje[*~~], to bend up; -binne[*~™], to tie 
 up; -blanse[*~~], to plant up (somewhere); 
 sblicke[*~~], to glance up; -blose[*~~], to 
 blow up; -bringe[*~~], to bring up; -dappe 
 [*~~], to trudge up; -draje[*~~], to carry up; 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 -drehe[*~~], to turn up; -dreiwe[*~~], to 
 drive up; -drolle[*~~], to trot up; -du*[*7], 
 to put up, beat one who plays a lone hand 
 in hasenpeffer; -dunnere[*~~~], to mount 
 stairs noisily; -fahre[*~~], to drive or haul 
 up; -falle[*~~], to fall up: di schteek — 
 -fiehre[*~~], to lead up; -fladdere[*~~~], to 
 flutter up; -flappe[*~~], to flap up; -flieje 
 [*"~], to fly up; -gawwle[*~~], to pitch up 
 (with a fork); -geh*[*"], to go up, rise in 
 price, lose when one plays a lone hand in 
 hasenpeffer; -glettere[*~~~], to climb up; 
 -graddle[*~™~], to climb up; -greische[*~~], 
 to call up; -grieje[*~~], to (manage to) get 
 up (to a place); -gucke[*~~], to look up; 
 zhalte[*~~], to aim high (with a gun); 
 zhandle[*~™~], to raise the price; -haschble 
 [*~~], to rush up; -helfe[*~~], to help up; 
 zhenke[*~~], to hang up; -hewe[*~~], to 
 lift up; -hole[*~~], to fetch or take up; 
 jaje[‘ ~~], to chase up; -johle[*~~], to shout 
 up; -klempe[*~~], to turn up edges of tin 
 or zinc; -kumme[*~~], to get up (toa place); 
 zlange[*~~], to reach up; -leichte[*~~], to 
 light (a person) up stairs; -leje[*~~], to 
 lay up somewhere; -losse[*~™~], to allow to 
 go up; -mache[*~~], to raise, hang up; 
 emetricke[*~~~], to mark up; zmaschiere 
 [~~~], to march up; -najjle[*~~], to nail up; 
 -packe[*~~], sich, to go on up; -zranke[*~~], 
 to spread upwards (of vines); -reeche[* ~~}, 
 to reach or hand up; -reide[* ~~], to ride up; 
 -reisse[*"~], to yank up; -renne[*~~], to 
 jerk up, bolt upstairs; -ricke[*~~], to move 
 up; -rolle[*~~], to roll up; -rufe[* ~~], to call 
 upstairs; -runsle[*~~], di nds, to turn up 
 one’s nose; -schaffe[*~~], to convey (carry) 
 up; sich —, to work one’s way up; -schalle 
 [*~~], to sound up (to a place); -scheppe 
 [~~], to shovel up somewhere; -schiesse 
 [*"~“], to shoot up, rush up; -schlajje[*~~], 
 to turn up (collar); -schleefe[*~~], to drag 
 up; -schleiche[*~~], to sneak up; -schluppe 
 [*~~], to creep up; -schmeisse[* ~~], to throw 
 up; -schnalle[*~~], to buckle up; -schnelle 
 [*~~], to fling up; -schpelle[*~~], to pin up; 
 -schprenge[*~~], to chase up hill or up- 
 
 stairs; -schpringe[*~~], to run up; -schprit- 
 ze[’~~], to splash up; -schrauwe[*~~], to 
 screw up; -schtarre[*~~], to poke, stir; 
 
 -schtecke[*~~], to put or stick up; -schteije 
 [*~~], to climb up; -schtelle[*~~], to place or 
 set up somewhere; -schtewwre[*~™], to 
 chase upstairs; -schtrecke[*~™~], to stretch 
 up; -schwimme[*~~], to swim up; -wachse 
 [*~~], to grow up to a certain point; -weise 
 [*"~], to show the way up; -welse[*~~], to 
 roll up; -wenne[*~~], to turn up (sleeves); 
 -wickle[*~~], to roll up; -woje[*~~], sich, to 
 venture up; -wolle[*~~], to want to go up; 
 ezieje[*"~], to pull up, move up; -zoppe 
 [*~~], to jerk up. 
 
 nuffzus[*~], upwards, on the way up. G 
 hinauf+dG zus. 
 
 null[], f, nought, cipher, zero. G Null. 
 
Pennsylvanta-German Dictionary 
 
 numme[*~], only, just. dG numme. 
 nummejo[*~~], by all means. dG numme+ 
 
 jo. 
 
 nummer[*™], f, number. G Nummer. 
 
 nummereens[~~*], m, number one, myself, 
 himself; (adj) first rate, first class. G 
 Nummereins. 
 
 nummere[*~~], pp genummert, to number. 
 G numerieren. 
 
 nummero sicher[*~ ~*~], place of safety (HLF). 
 G Nummer Sicher. 
 
 nummidak, nammidak[’~*], m, afternoon. 
 dG numedag. 
 
 nummidaks[*~-], in the afternoon. dG 
 numedag. 
 
 nunner[*~], down (to a place), down; es land 
 —, down country. hinunter. 
 
 nunner-[*~], separable prefix of verbs. G 
 hinunter-. 
 
 nunner || barzle[*~~~], to tumble down; 
 zbetschle[*~~™~], to pat down; -bicke[*~~~], 
 sich, to bend down; -binne[*~~~], to tie 
 down; zbleche[*~~™~], to pay down; -blicke 
 [°~~~], to glance down; -breche[*~~~], to 
 break down; -draje[*~~~], to carry down; 
 -drede[*~~~], to tread down; -drehe[*~ ~~], 
 to turn down; -dreiwe[*~ ~~], to drive down; 
 -dricke[*~~~], to press down; -du*[*~"], to 
 put down, write down, subdue; -ducke 
 [°~~~], to duck; -esse[*~~™], to eat (with 
 an effort); -fahre[*~~~], to drive down; 
 sfalle[*~~~], to fall down; -faule[*~~~], to 
 rot down; -flappe[*~~~], to flap down; 
 -flieje[*~ ~~], to fly down; -fresse[*~~™~], to 
 gulp down; -gawwle[*~~~], to pitch down; 
 -geh~|*~"], to go down, deteriorate; -gew- 
 we[’~~~], to hand down; -gloppe[*~~~], to 
 hammer down; -gniee[’~ ~~], to kneel down; 
 -graddle[*~~~], to crawl down; -greische 
 [°~"~], to call down; -gucke[*~~™~], to look 
 down; -heesse[*~~~], to order (one) down; 
 zhelfe[*~~~], to help down; -hupse[*~~™], 
 to hop down; -jaje[*~~~], to chase down; 
 zkeere[* ~~~], to belong down; -kehre[*~ ~~], 
 to sweep down; -kiehle[*~ ~~], to cool down; 
 zklempe[*~~~], to turn down (edges); 
 zknalle[*~~~], to shoot down; -koche[*~~~], 
 to boil down; -leje[*~~~], to lay down; 
 zlosse[’~~~], to let down; -mache[*~~~], to 
 abase; -merricke[*~~~~], to mark down; 
 emisse[*~~~], to be obliged to go down; 
 enajjle[*~~~], to nail down; -nemme[*~~™], 
 to take down; -packe[’~~~], sich, to go 
 downstairs; -reeche[*~~~], to reach or hand 
 down; -reisse[’~~~], to tear down; -reiwe 
 [*~-~“], to rub down; -renne[*~~~], to poke 
 down, disparage; -rolle[*~~~], to roll down; 
 -rutsche[*~~~], to slide down; -salse[*~~™], 
 to salt down; -schleefe[*~ ~~], to drag down; 
 -schleife[*~~~], to slide down; -schlucke 
 [*~~~], to swallow down; -schnerre[*~~™], 
 to jerk down; -schnalle[*~~~], to buckle 
 down; -schnappe[*~~~], to tilt down; 
 -schprenge[*~~~], to force to run down; 
 -schpringe[*~~~], to run down; -schreiwe 
 
 115 
 
 [°~"~], to write down, record; -schrode 
 [*~-~], to eat ravenously; -schterze[*~~~], 
 to fall headlong; -schteije[*~~~], to step 
 down or off; -schtimme[*~~~], to vote 
 down; -schtoosse[*~~~], to push down; 
 -schtrecke[*~~~], to stretch down; 
 -schwenke[*~~~], to use as a chaser (beer 
 for whiskey); -zsehne[’~~~], to see down; 
 -setze[*~~~], to set down; -weise[*~~~], to 
 show the way down; =-zieje[*~~~], to pull 
 down, move down. 
 
 nunnerzus[*~~], on the way down, downwards. 
 G hinunter+dG zus. 
 
 nuppe[*~], pl, tricks, cunning. dG nuppe. 
 
 naube. 
 
 nur["], only. G nur. 
 
 nuss[~], f, nut. G Nuss. 
 
 nusch(d)le[*~], pp genuschdelt, to nurse or 
 suck complacently (of. a child). dG 
 nutschele. Cf nuddle. 
 
 nutsche[*~], pp genutscht, to lull (an infant). 
 nutsche is dialectic for G nuckeln, to suckle. 
 
 nutz[“], worth, of use; nix —, good for noth- 
 ing, worthless. G nutz. 
 
 nutze[*~], pp genutzt, to avail, benefit. G 
 nutzen. 
 
 nutze[*~], m, use, profit, benefit. G Nutzen. 
 
 nutzhols|*~], n, in standing timber that part 
 which is available for lumber. G Nutzholz. 
 
 O 
 
 o![], oh! Go. 
 
 ob["], ob[7], whether, if. G ob. 
 
 obacht[~~], f, care, attention. G Obacht, 
 
 obdach[*~], n, covering, shelter. G Obdach. 
 
 obschon[“~], obschonn[**], although. G ob- 
 schon. 
 
 obscht, obst, obs["], n, fruit(s). G Obst. 
 
 obscht || bam[*"], m, fruit-tree; -johr[~"], n, 
 year rich in fruit. 
 
 ochdem[*~], odem[*~], m, breath. G Odem, 
 
 G ochdem. 
 
 ochs[~], m, ox, blockhead, ass, (O-) Taurus 
 (sign of the zodiac). Ochs. 
 
 ochse || drenk[*~~], f, watering place for 
 cattle. G Tranke; -fuhr[*~"], f, yoke of 
 oxen; -gras[’~~], n, slender cyperus, slender 
 galingale; -joch[*~~], n, ox-yoke; -zung 
 [*~~], f, bugloss; viper’s bugloss; alkanet; 
 oxtongue. 
 
 ochsich[*~], brutal, senseless. 
 
 odder, adder[*~], or. G oder. 
 
 odders|[*~] =odder es. 
 
 oder, A4der[*~], f, vein, artery. G Ader. 
 
 odere[~~~], pp geodert, to ooze from a wound 
 or abraded skin. Geitern. Cf eidere. 
 
 odergraut[~~"], n, rattlesnake-weed. G Ader 
 +Kraut. 
 
 oderich[~~~], veined. G aderig. 
 
 oderlosse[~~~~], pp odergelosst, to open a 
 vein, bleed. G zur Ader lassen. 
 
 odermennche, odermennich, odermennli 
 *“~~~] n, agrimony. G Odermennig. 
 
 offe[*~], m, stove. G Ofen. 
 
 G ochsig. 
 
116 
 
 offe || berscht[*~~], f, stove-brush; -bee™ 
 {*~"], n, stove-leg; -blatt[*~™], f, stoveplate, 
 plate at front of cook-stove; -deckel[*~~~], 
 m, stove-lid; -deer[*~"], f, stove-door; 
 -eise[*~~~], n, lifter (for stove-plates); 
 -glas[*~"], n, mica; -rohr[*~"], n, stove- 
 pipe; -schweerz|[*~~], f, stove polish. 
 
 offenbar|~~*], manifest. G offenbar. 
 
 offenbare[~~~~], pp (ge)offenbart, to reveal. 
 G offenbaren. 
 
 Offenbaring|[~~~~], f, (Book of) Revelation. 
 G Offenbarung. 
 
 offentlich[*~~], openly, publicly. MHG of- 
 fentlich. Cf effentlich. 
 
 oft[*], often. G oft. 
 
 oftmols[*~], often, ofttimes. G oftmals. 
 
 ohmet, uhmet, amet([*~], n, second crop of 
 hay, aftermath; — mache, to secure the 
 second crop of hay. dG ohmet, ohmd. 
 
 ohr[], n, ear. G Ohr. 
 
 ohr || bambel{*~*], f, ear-ring. dG ohrbam- 
 bel; -fei(k)[~"], i box on the ear. G 
 Ohrfeige. 
 
 ohre || blaeser, -bloser[~~~~], m,_ tell-tale; 
 -droppe[~~~~], pl, fuchsia; -glocke(~~~~], f, 
 fuchsia; -lappe[~~~~], m, ear-lap; -ring 
 [~~~], m, ear-ring, fuchsia; -schmals[*~~], 
 n, ear-wax; -schuh[*~"], m, shoe provided 
 with a strap for pulling it on; -weh[*~7], 
 n, ear-ache. 
 
 oi[7 1, n, pl oijer, egg; -jer gleppere, to beat 
 eggs; es weiss vum —, the white of an egg, 
 albumen. G Ei. 
 
 oidotter[*~~], m, yolk. G Eidotter. 
 
 oii !{~~], exclamation of astonishment. 
 hai, G ei. 
 
 oijer | glepperer[~~~~~], =m, 
 skuche[~~~~], m, omelet; -schal[~~"], f 
 eggshell; -schtock[~~™~], m, ovary (in fowls). 
 
 Oktower[~~~], m, October. G Oktober. 
 
 olanswarzel[~~~~], f, elecampane. G Alant- 
 wurzel. 
 
 olich[~~], m, linseed oil; — schlajje, to manu- 
 facture oil from flaxseed or bitternuts. 
 dG olig. 
 
 olich || kuche[~~~™~], m, mass left after pressing 
 the oil from flaxseed; -mehl[*~*], n, the 
 above ground for cattle-feed; -sack[~~~], 
 m, bag in which the crushed mass was put 
 for pressing; -schtempel[*~~™~], m, the stone 
 used in crushing flaxseed or bitternuts in 
 making oil; -schtenner[*~~~], m, vat for 
 holding flaxseed oil. 
 
 dG 
 
 egg-beater; 
 
 onkel[*~], m, uncle. G Onkel. 
 
 ool["], f, eel. G Aal. 
 
 oole haut{~"], f, eel-skin; -hols[*~~], n, 
 moosewood; -karb [~~~], m, eel-trap. 
 
 oos["], n, carrion, vituperative term. G Aas. 
 
 00s || vojjel[-~], m, turkey buzzard; -woi 
 [~"], m, turkey buzzard. 
 
 opedildack{"~**) n, opodeldoc. G Opodel- 
 
 opfer[*~], n, victim, sacrifice, offering. G 
 
 Opfer. 
 opfergeld[*~*, n, offering, collection. G Op- 
 
 fergeld. 
 
 The Pennsyloania-German Society 
 
 ordentlich[*~~], orderly. G ordentlich. 
 
 ordlich[*~], quite, considerable, queer. G 
 ordentlich. 
 
 ordlich[{*~], local. G 6rtlich. 
 
 ordning, ardning|[*~], f, order. G Ordnung. 
 
 ort[], m, place. G Ort. 
 
 ort, art["], f, kind, sort, quality, way; dass 
 es en — hott, well, splendidly, excellently, 
 to beat the band; noch aller —, like every- 
 thing; aus der — schlajje, to deteriorate, 
 degenerate; uff en — wie, sort 0’, kind 0’; 
 uff was fern —, in what way. G Art. 
 
 Oschdre[*~], pl, Easter. G Ostern. 
 
 oschder || blumm[*~~], f, daffodil, narcissus; 
 -fescht[~~~], n, Easter festival, Passover; 
 -has[~~ "|, m, Easter rabbit, Easter present; 
 zlusi[~~~~], f, birthwort. G Osterluzei; 
 -marje[" ~*~], m, Easter morn; (O-) -mondak 
 ["~-"], m, Easter Monday; -oi[~~ 7], n, 
 Easter egg; (O-) -sunndak["~*], m, Easter 
 Sunday; -woch|~~~], f, Easter week. 
 
 oscht["], m, east. G Ost. 
 
 owed, owet[~~], m, evening. dG owed, G 
 Abend. 
 
 owed || esse[“~~~], n, supper; eae Bey Pose 
 
 evening glow; -schtern|~~ “], f, evening 
 star. 
 
 oweds[~~], in the evening; — denno, the 
 evening after. G abends. 
 
 owwe|[*~], above. G oben. 
 
 owwebei[*~ "|, from above. G oben + herbei. 
 
 owwedra[~~~], above it, at the top of it. G 
 obendran. 
 
 owwedrauss|~~*], out up above, up country 
 (somewhere); er is glei —, he loses his 
 temper easily. G oben+drauss. 
 
 owwedrin[*~*], up in above. G obendrin. 
 
 owwedriwwer[~~*~], over the top, super- 
 ficially. G oben-+driiber. 
 
 owwedrowwe[ ~*~], up above, upstairs. G 
 oben-+droben. 
 
 owwedruff[-~*], on top, on the surface, in 
 addition. G obendrauf. 
 
 owweher[*~*], along the top. G oben+her. 
 
 owwehi*|*~ is along up above, along the top. 
 G oben+hin. 
 
 owwenaus[~~*], out up above, up country, 
 out west. G oben+hinaus. 
 
 owwenei*[*~"], upinabove. Goben+hinein. 
 
 owwenuff[~~*], upstairs. G oben+hinauf. 
 
 owwer[*~], upper. Gober. Cf ewwer. 
 
 owwer[*~] =ob zr, whether he. 
 
 owwerdenn[*~~], n, loft over the threshing 
 floor. G ober+Tenne. 
 
 owwerei*|*~~], from above, from up country. 
 G oben+herein. 
 
 owwerflechlich[*~~~], superficially. G ober- 
 flachlich. 
 
 owwerhand[*~~], f, upperhand, superiority. 
 G Oberhand. 
 
 owwerledder[*~~~], n, vamp. G Oberleder. 
 
 owwerunner|’~*™~], from above, from upstairs, 
 (coming) down the road. G oben+ 
 herunter. 
 
 owwewedder[’~*~], against the top. G oben 
 + wider. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 117 
 
 owwich[*~], over, above; (adj) di -e, the above 
 (mentioned). G obig. 
 
 owwrichkeit[*~], f, pad ads G Obrig- 
 keit. 
 p 
 pabscht[], m, pope. G Papst. 
 
 pack[“], m, pack, package, bundle (of a 
 peddler). G Pack. 
 
 packe[*~], pp gepackt, to pack, seize, wrestle, 
 arrest; sich —, to be gone, be off in a 
 hurry; — losse, to have arrested; es hott 
 ihn hart gepackt, he had a bad attack, he 
 took it hard. G packen. 
 
 pad["], m, path. G Pfad. 
 
 co thage) paedche[~~], n, path. Dims of G 
 
 persching[*~], m, peach. G Pfirsisch. 
 
 persching || bam|*~ “], m, peach tree; -bung- 
 ert[*~~~], m, peach orchard; -schtee*[*~ 7], 
 m, peach stone. 
 
 perseenlich[“*~], personal, in person. G 
 personlich. 
 
 person[~~], f, person, individual. G Person. 
 
 paff[“], m, priest, minister. G Pfaffe. 
 
 paffe || kapp[*~~], f, skull-cap; -sack[*~~], m, 
 
 priest’s (minister’s) pocket; -schtofft[*~™~], 
 n, (crowd of) ministers. 
 palascht[~*], m, palace. G Palast. 
 
 palde[*~], pp gepalde, to keep. G behalten. 
 Cf behalde. 
 
 palm[~], pallem[*~], m, palm, G Palm. 
 
 palmblatt[*~], n, palm leaf. G Palmblatt. 
 
 Palmsunndak[~*"], m, Palm Sunday. G 
 Palmsonntag. 
 
 Pals[*], f, Palatinate. G Pfalz. 
 
 pann[],f, pan. G Pfanne. 
 
 panne || deckel[*~~~], m, pan-cover; -kuche 
 [*~~~], m, pancake, fritter; -schtiel[*~~], m, 
 panhandle. 
 
 Pannekuchedak[*~~~"], m, Shrove Tuesday. 
 G Pfannkuchen+Tag. 
 
 panneschtielche[*~~~], n, jesting name for an 
 infant before it has been baptized. dG 
 pannestelche. 
 
 pannhas[*"], m, scrapple. There has been 
 more surmise and discussion about the 
 origin of this word than about that of any 
 other word in the dialect. One popular 
 explanation is that the early English 
 
 ’ settlers in and around Philadelphia made 
 a dish resembling scrapple with the meat 
 of rabbits as a basis, and that they called 
 this dish pan-rabbit; that subsequently the 
 German settlers substituted pork for rabbit 
 in making the dish and by way of giving it 
 a name made a literal translation of pan- 
 rabbit into pannhaés. The New Standard 
 Dictionary alone of modern English dic- 
 tionaries contains the word pan-rabbit, but 
 it gives it as an equivalent for ‘“‘ panhas”’ 
 and derives the English word from the 
 German word. The late Dr. D. W. Nead 
 in The Pennsylvania German in _ the 
 Settlement of Maryland, p. 75 in Volume 
 
 XXII Proc. Penna.-Ger. Soc., says: ‘In 
 preparing the latter [Leberwurst] the liver 
 and kidneys, with the tenderloin and some 
 of the head-meat, was put into a large iron 
 kettle and boiled until it was thoroughly 
 cooked. It was then transferred to the 
 block and chopped fine and stuffed into 
 skins, like the sausage, or packed in crocks 
 and sealed with a layer of fat. The water 
 in which the meat had been boiled was used 
 to prepare what was commonly called Pon- 
 hoss (Pfannhase), that is, Pan-rabbit. A 
 great many fantastic ex “planations have 
 been given of the derivation of this term, 
 but it is simply one of the humorous names 
 similar to Welsh-rabbit, for a mixture made 
 from cheese, or Leicestershire plover, for a 
 bag-pudding. Pon-hoss was made by 
 using the water in which the pudding-meat 
 had been boiled for making a corn-meal- 
 mush. This was put into pans to harden 
 and was then cut into thin slices and fried. 
 Sometimes a mixture of corn-meal and 
 wheat flour, or buckwheat flour was used. 
 A somewhat similar mixture is made now- 
 adays in the larger cities, particularly 
 Philadelphia, and is known as scrapple, but 
 it is not the pon-hoss of the early Germans.”’ 
 He adds in a footnote a quotation from the 
 Philadelphia Public Ledger of January 16, 
 1913: “A University of Pennsylvania pro- 
 fessor, whose home is in Vienna, tells me 
 that nowhere on the continent of Europe: 
 did he ever eat anything like scrapple. He 
 is quite certain that it is of American origin. 
 Nor can he, excellent scholar in five lan- 
 guages as he is, and whose mother tongue 
 is German, explain just whence the name 
 ponhaus.”’ 
 
 The early Pennsylvania-Germans un- 
 doubtedly originated the dish pannhas. 
 The urge back of the invention was the 
 desire not to waste the nutriment contained 
 in the liquor in which the meat had been 
 boiled. As a liquid it could not be used, 
 so the natural thing to do was to thicken 
 it with flour. But in the early day the only 
 flour available was corn-meal, hence that 
 was used. When better milling processes 
 came, buckwheat flour was obtained and 
 that was used. At the present time the 
 proportion of buckwheat flour used in 
 making scrapple is much larger than the 
 proportion of corn-meal. The dish is not 
 known in German cookery. But, although 
 the early Pennsylvania-Germans originated 
 the dish, they did not originate the name. 
 They brought that with them from Ger- 
 many. Professor Gustav Herbig, of Mun- 
 ich, Germany, a native of the Palatinate, 
 informs me that “panhas” is a Rhenish- 
 Palatinate word in use rays for any sub- 
 stitute (Ersatz), frequently consisting of 
 scraps or leftovers chopped fine, prepared in 
 a pan like roast hare. The usual term for 
 
118 
 
 such a dish is ‘‘falscher Hase.” In Diissel- 
 dorf the term ‘‘panhas”’ is used for “Buch- 
 weizen in Schinkenbriihe gekocht.’’ Syn- 
 onyms for the word, evidently humorous, 
 are ‘‘gebratene Katze” and (in Pirmasens) 
 “‘Dachhase’’( = Katze). 
 
 pantoffel[“*~] (rare), m, slipper. G Pantoffel. 
 
 pap["], pappi[*~], m, father, daddie. G Papa, 
 perhaps wholly from E (vulgar) pap. Cf 
 grampap App. 
 
 paplaer[“"], popular. G popular. 
 
 par[], n, pair, couple; (adj) a few, some, a 
 couple. Paar. 
 
 parble[*~], pl, smallpox; di — blanse, to 
 vaccinate. dG porbel, porbele. 
 
 parble || blans[*~~], f, vaccine; -grind[*~~~], 
 m, scab of smallpox or from vaccination. 
 
 pare[* “], pp gepart, to pair, match; sich —, 
 
 . tomate. G paaren. 
 
 paredies|~~*], n, paradise. G Paradies. 
 
 parediesbam|~~~"], m, ailanthus. 
 
 park[~], m, park. G Park. 
 
 parmol[*~], a few times. G paarmal. 
 parre[*~], m, minister, parson. G Pfarrer. 
 parre || fresse[*~~~], nm, sumptuous feast; 
 
 zhaus|[*~ 
 clerical; 
 
 "|, n, parsonage; -maessich{*~ ~~, 
 
 “neerrisch|* ~~~], infatuated with 
 parsons, Over-attentive to parsons; -schrift- 
 lich[*~ ~~], clerical; -schtell[*~ “|, f, parish. 
 
 parres || fra[*~~], f, minister’s wife; -geld[*~~], 
 n, money contributed to the support of the 
 minister: -kinner[*~~~], pl, catechumens. 
 
 partei[~], f, party. G Partei. 
 
 parweis|[~ if, by pairs, by twos. G paarweise. 
 
 paschdor[~~], m, pastor. G Pastor. 
 
 passionsblumm|[~~*~], f, passion flower. G 
 Passionsblume. 
 
 patriot|’~*], m, patriot. G Patriot. 
 
 patriotisch[~~~~], patriotic. G patriotisch. 
 
 Paul[7], m, Paul. G Paul. 
 
 pausch || backe[~~~], m, swelled-out cheek, 
 chubby cheek. G Pausbacken; -backich 
 {*~~], chubby-cheeked; -dier[~"], n, mar- 
 supial. 
 
 pazient|*~*], m, patient. G Patient. 
 
 peckche[’™], n, small parcel. G Packchen. 
 
 peckche[*™], n, pimple. G Péckchen. 
 
 pedder[*~], m, godfather; — un god, spon- 
 sors. dG pedder, petter <L pater. 
 
 Peder|~ “],m, Peter. G Peter. 
 
 peeke[*~|, pp gepeekt, coire. dG peecke. 
 
 peffer[*~], m, pepper; roder —, schpannischer 
 
 —, cayenne pepper; schwatzer —, black 
 
 pepper; siesser —, sweet pepper, peppers. 
 
 peffere[*~~], pp gepeffert, to pepper, put a 
 high price on (something); gut gepeffert, 
 high-priced. G pfeffern. 
 
 peffer || gras, -graut[*~"], n, wild peppergrass; 
 zhols[*~~], n, spice- -wood; eniss[*~~], pl, 
 kind of Christmas cooky. 
 
 pehz|"], eons illness, epidemic. dG pehz. 
 
 peif[], f, pipe, drain- -pipe, whistle, fife. G 
 Pfeife. 
 
 peif || arjel[“~~], f, pipe-organ; -reehr[*"], 
 f, pipe-stem. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 peife[*~], pp gepiffe, to whistle; ich peif der 
 druff, I don’t care a snap for it. G pfeifen. 
 
 peifel[~~], n, pipe. Dim of Pfeife. 
 
 peifer[*~], m, piper, whistler. G Pfeifer. 
 
 peil[7], mM, arrow. G Pfeil. 
 
 peiler[~~], m, pillar, pier. G Pfeiler. 
 
 peilschpitz[*~], m,arrow-head. G Pfeilspitze. 
 
 pein{”], f, pain, torment, affliction. G Pein. 
 
 peine[~~], pp gepeint, to long. G peinen, 
 
 pine. 
 
 peinich[*~], f, punishment, plague. G Pei- 
 nigen, Peinigung. 
 
 peiniche[*~~], pp_ gepeinicht, 
 plague. G peinigen. 
 
 peinlich[~~], painful, tormenting. G peinlich. 
 
 Pelser[*~], m, Palatine. G Pfalzer. 
 
 to torment, 
 
 penede[“~~] =wassersupp. Q. v. F panade 
 <L panis. 
 
 Pennsylvani[~~*~], Pennsylvania. 
 
 Pennsylvanier[~~*~~], m, Pennsylvanian. 
 
 pennsylvanisch deitsch[’~*~*], Pennsylvania- 
 German. 
 
 pensil[*~], m, painter’s brush. G Pinsel. 
 
 pescht[*], f, pest, plague, pestilence, torment. 
 
 Pest. 
 peschtbloder[*~~], f, G Pest- 
 G pest +haft. 
 
 blatter. 
 
 peschthaft[*~], pestiferous. 
 
 Peterkett["~*], m, Peter in Chains’ Day (Aug. 
 1). G Peter in Ketten. 
 
 peterli[~~~], m, parsley. dG petterling, G 
 
 Petersilie. 
 Peter un Paul, m, Peter and Paul’s Day 
 
 carbuncle. 
 
 (June 29). 
 
 pett[“], f, purline. G Pfette. 
 
 petz[’], f, pinch, tight place. Noun from 
 petze. 
 
 petze[*~], pp gepetzt, to pinch, anger, vex. 
 G petzen. 
 
 petzer[*~], m, pliers, punch. G Petzer. 
 
 pfleech["], f, fostering care. G Pflege. 
 
 pfleje[“~], pp gepflekt, to tend, foster. G 
 
 pflegen. 
 pflicht[“], f, duty, obligation. G Pflicht. 
 G pflicht- 
 
 pflichtich[*~], bound, responsible. 
 
 ig. 
 Pharisaeer[~~*~], m, Pharisee. G Pharisder. 
 philepiene[~~*~], philopena. G Vielliebchen. 
 
 Philippine, Philibbine[-~~~], f, Philippine. G 
 Philippine. 
 
 arava m, pedant (EH). G Phi- 
 ister. 
 philosoph[“~*], m, philosopher. G Philosoph. 
 
 Philp|*], Philipp” “], m, Philip. G Philipp. 
 
 pick[“], f, pick-ax. Picke. 
 
 picke[* “yf pp gepickt, to pick, use a pick, 
 (in sense of choose from E pick). G picken. 
 
 pickelfleesch[*~~], n, pickled meat. G Pickel- 
 fleisch. 
 
 pickle[*~], pp gepickelt, to pickle, salt. G 
 pokeln, pickeln. 
 
 pickling[*~], m, dried herring. G Biickling. 
 
 piddle[*~], pp gepiddelt, to piddle. dG 
 
 piddre. 
 piens["], f, sickly ailing person. dG pinz. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 piense[~~], pp gepienst, to be sickly or ailing. 
 pinse. 
 
 piensich{~~], ailing, complaining. Adj from 
 piense. 
 
 piff[-], m, shrill whistle, rap, straw. G Pfiff. 
 
 piljer[*~], m, pilgrim. G Pilger. 
 
 piljerrees[*~~], f, Pilgrim’s Progress. G Pil- 
 gerreise. 
 
 pill["], f, pill. G Pille. 
 
 pilleroller[*~~~], m, facetious for a doctor. G 
 Pillen + Roller. 
 
 pilverlin[*~~], n, powder. Dim of G Pulver. 
 
 pilwe[*~], f, pillow. dG pfiilwe. 
 
 pilweziech[*~"], f, pillow-case. dG pfiilwe- 
 ziech. ° 
 
 Set a m, pimpernel. G Pimper- 
 nell. 
 
 Pingschde[*™], pl, Whitsuntide. G Pfingsten. 
 
 pingschdeblumm[*~™], f, pinxter-flower. 
 
 pingscht || blumm|* NF f, pink, swamp pink, 
 lilac; -najjel[*~~], m, pin 
 
 pingschtblummeschtock(*~~*1, m, lilac bush. 
 
 Pingschtmondak[“*"], m, Whit Monday. G 
 Pfingstmontag. 
 
 Pingschtsunndak[~*"], m, Whit Sunday. G 
 Pfingstsonntag. 
 
 pink(t)lich[*~], punctual, exact. G piinktlich. 
 
 pinnajjel[’~~], m, shoe-peg. G Pinn+Nagel. 
 
 pinnbohre[’~~], m, pegging awl. G Pinn- 
 bohrer. 
 
 pippser[*~], m, pip. G Pipps. 
 
 piro[~~], m, bureau. F bureau. 
 
 pischbere[*~~], pp gepischbert, to whisper. 
 dG pischpere. 
 
 pischdol[“*], f, pistol. G Pistole. 
 
 ad “], pp gepisst, to urinate. G pissen. 
 
 pissebett[*~~], m, piss-a-bed, dandelion. The 
 form of this word is E. While the G 
 dictionaries do not give a form of it asa G 
 word for dandelion, the F has an exact 
 parallel form in pissenlit. dG bettsecher 
 =dandelion, G Bettpisser. 
 
 pisserich[*~~], inclined to urinate. G pisserig. 
 
 Pitt[], Pitter[*~], m, Peter. dG Pitter. 
 
 Piusdak[*~~], m, Pius’ Day (July 11). 
 
 planet, blanet[**], m, planet. G Planet. 
 
 plindere[*~~], pp geplindert, to plunder. G 
 pliindern. 
 
 plitsch platsch![*~], slap dash. G plitsch. 
 
 plump[*], plump. G plump. 
 
 plumpe[*~], pp geplumpt, to plump, flop down. 
 G plumpen. 
 
 plumps[*], flop! thud! G plumps. 
 
 pock[~], f, pimple. G Pocke. 
 
 pockich[*~], pimpled, pimply. G pockig. 
 
 po || hahne[~~~], m, peacock. dG po=G 
 Pfau; -hinkel[*~~], m, peahen. 
 
 pohahnefedder[~~~~~], f, peacock’s feather. 
 dG po+G Hahn +Feder. 
 
 poke[~~], pp gepokt, to poke, stir. 
 
 poker[~~], m, poker. G Poker. 
 
 polschdre[*~], pp gepolschdert, to pad, stuff. 
 G polstern. 
 
 politik(s)[*~~], G Politik. 
 
 G poken. 
 
 f, politics. 
 
 119 
 
 posaunerkor|["*~"], m, combined trombone 
 players in Moravian ceremonies. G Po- 
 sauner +Chor. 
 poschde[*~], m, post. G Pfosten. 
 poschde || bohre[*~~~], m, post-auger; 
 [*~~], n, post-hole; 
 tamping tool. 
 poscht || geld[*~], n, postage; -meeschder 
 [*"~], m, postmaster; -reider[*~~], m, 
 mounted mail-carrier. 
 positiv[’ ~~], positive(ly). 
 pott[-], f, bud. dG potte. 
 pott[“], f, chamber (vessel). 
 
 pot. 
 
 pracht, bracht[~], f, splendor, beauty, mag- 
 nificence. G Pracht. 
 
 prachtvoll, brachtvoll[’~], magnificent, sump- 
 
 zloch 
 -schtamper|*~~~], m, 
 
 G positiv. 
 G Pott <F le 
 
 tuous. G prachtvoll. 
 prahlhans[*~], m, braggart; Der —, title of a 
 poem by E. Grumbine. G Prahlhans. 
 
 Cf brallhans. 
 preis["], m, cost, price. G Preis. 
 presse[*~], pp gepresst, to press. G pressen. 
 prezis, brezis[~~], exactly. G prazis. 
 priefe[~~], pp geprieft, sich, to examine one- 
 self. G priifen. 
 priefing[~~], f, trial, warning. G Priifung. 
 prieschder, brieschder[~~], m, priest, parson 
 (contemptuous). G Priester. 
 probat["~], tried, approved. G probat. 
 produkte[“*~], pl, produce. G Produkt. 
 prolatsche[“*~] =balladsche. Q. v. 
 Proteschdant["~*], m, Protestant. G Pro- 
 testant. 
 prunellegraut["’~~], n, self-heal, heal-all. G 
 Prunellenkraut. 
 psalm[~], psallem[*~], m, psalm. G Psalm. 
 
 psalter[*~], m, psalter. G Psalter. 
 psch! hush! still! G pst. 
 puddel[*~], m, puddle. dG puddel. 
 
 puddelnass[*~~], soaking wet. G pudelnass. 
 
 puddle[*~], pp gepuddelt, to puddle; sich 
 — (of geese and ducks). dG puddele. 
 
 pudelhund[*~~], m, poodle. G Pudelhund. 
 
 pudre[~~], pp gepudert, to powder. G 
 pudern. 
 
 puff[“], bang! puff! G puff. 
 
 puh["], pooh! whew! G puh. 
 
 puls[“], m, pulse. G Puls. 
 
 pulschderich[*~~], irregularly ball-shaped. G 
 polsterig. 
 
 pulwer, pulver, 
 Pulver. 
 
 bulver[*~], n, powder. G 
 
 pulwer || harn[*~~], n, powder-horn; -miehl 
 bhai 2 powder-mill. 
 
 pund["], n, pound. G Pfund. 
 
 pundappel[*~~], m, pound apple. G Pfund- 
 
 apfel. 
 
 punkt["} “], m, point, dot. G Punkt. 
 
 puppe[*~], pp gepuppt, to void the bowels. G 
 pupen. 
 
 pusch[“], m, clump of grass or shrubbery, 
 tuft. G Puschel. 
 
 puschdur[~*], f, shape, form, posture. dG 
 puschtur. 
 
I20 
 
 puscherei[”~*], f, botch, blunder. G Pfusch- 
 erei. 
 
 puschich[*~], growing in clumps or bunches. 
 Adj from pusch. 
 
 puttere (schtengel), m, moth mullein. 
 
 puttre[*~], pp geputtert, sich, to take a dust- 
 bath (of fowls). G pudern. Cf pudre. 
 
 putz[“], m, miniature landscape and other 
 scenery used as a setting for the base of a 
 Christmas tree. G Putz. 
 
 quack![~], sound made to imitate ducks. G 
 quack. 
 
 quackse[*~], pp gequackst, to quack, croak, 
 grunt. Variant of G quaken. 
 
 quaddi[*~], m, short fat person. G Quaddel. 
 
 quael["], f, torment. G Qual. 
 
 quael || arsch[~“], m, trying child, torment; 
 -eise[(~~~], n, tormenting nagging child; 
 zhols[~~], n, trying child. G Qualholz. 
 
 quaele[~~], pp gequaelt, to torment, worry, 
 plague. G qualen. 
 
 quaelich[~~], tormenting. Adj from quaele. 
 
 qual["], f, suffering, sorrow. G Qual. 
 
 qualle[*~], m, thick fleshy part of a hind 
 quarter of beef, dry-beef. dG qualle. 
 
 quallefleesch[*~~], n, dry-beef. dG qualle+ 
 G Fleisch. 
 
 quart["], f, quart. G Quart. 
 
 quartmos[*"], n, quart measure. 
 Mass. 
 
 quarz[~], m, quartz. G Quarz. 
 
 quatember[~*~], m, ember-day. G Quatem- 
 ber. 
 
 quatsche[*~], pp gequatscht, to quash, squash. 
 G quatschen. 
 
 quecke[*~], f, couch-grass, quick-grass; blue- 
 grass. Quecke. 
 
 quecke || gras|*~"], n, couch-grass; -wasem 
 [*~-~], m, sod filled with couch-grass. 
 
 G Quart + 
 
 quecksilwer[*~~], n, quicksilver. G Queck- 
 silber. 
 quell[~], f, spring, fountain. G Quelle. 
 
 quelle[* 4, pp gequelit, gequolle, to boil, flow 
 out, ooze out, swell from moisture. G 
 
 quellen. 
 quendel[*~], m, creeping thyme. G Quendel. 
 quetsch[*], f, plum, gage. dG quetsch. 
 
 quetsche|* <i pp gequetscht, to bruise, pinch. 
 G quetschen. 
 quieke[~~], pp gequiekt, to squeak (of mice). 
 quieken. 
 quitt[“], f, quince. G Quitte. 
 quitt| I even, free of further obligation. G 
 
 qui 
 
 pate i bam[*~~], m, quince tree; -keern[*~™], 
 f, quince seed. 
 
 quittung|*~], f, acquittance. 
 
 R 
 rab["], f, prey, booty. G Raub. 
 
 G Quittung. 
 
 rab || dier{* “], n, beast of prey; -nescht[*™], 
 n, robbers’ den; svojjel[“~~], m, bird of 
 prey. 
 
 The Pennsyloania-German Society 
 
 rabe[~~], m, raven. G Rabe. 
 rabsche[*~], pp gerabscht, to be greedy or 
 
 avaricious. dG rabsche. 
 
 rabschich[*~], greedy, avaricious. Adj from 
 rabsche. 
 
 rache[*~], m, mouth, abyss. G Rachen. 
 
 rache[~~], f, revenge. G Rache. 
 rache || brecher[*~~~], m, bridle-bit for frac- 
 tious horses; -butzer[*~~~], m, napkin, 
 
 jawbreaker, a tough one. G Rachen- 
 putzer. 
 
 rachgier[~ "], f, revengefulness, vindictiveness, 
 greediness. G Rachgier. 
 
 rachgieri(s)ch[~~~], revengeful, greedy, avar- 
 icious. G rachgierig. 
 
 rad[], n, wheel. G Rad. 
 
 rad, rat{” ], f, cockle. G Rade. 
 
 radich{- “], mangy, scabby: en — schof. G 
 raudig. 
 raeche[~~], pp geraecht, to avenge. G 
 rachen. 
 
 raede[~~], pp geraedt, to stir (the fire), sieve. 
 raede, G reitern. 
 
 raedel[*~], m, boom-pole (used in binding 
 together a load of logs or lumber, or in 
 keeping a load of hay compact). dG 
 raedel. 
 
 raetsel[~~], n, riddle, conundrum. G Ratsel. 
 
 raetze[~~], pp geraetzt, to moisten and dry 
 alternately (as in curing flax), ret. G 
 rotten, rdsten, MHG roezen. 
 
 raffe[*~], pp gerafit, to gather up hastily, 
 snatch. G raffen. 
 
 raffel[*~], f, mouth. G Raffel. 
 
 raffelgsicht[*~~], n, mask. G Schlaraffen- 
 gesicht. 
 
 raget[’~], f, rocket. G Rakete. 
 
 rahm["], m, cream. G Rahm. 
 
 rahm | eraut|~ “], n, wild lettuce; -griejel 
 [**"], n,. cream- -pitcher; zleffel[*~~], m, 
 skimmer. 
 
 rammlich[’~], lascivious, lecherous. 
 melig. 
 
 ran, ron["], f, pl rane, rone, rune, welt. 
 rane. 
 
 ranft[“], m, rim. G Ranft. 
 
 rangsdewasch[*~~], F ranz des vaches, herds- 
 man’s cow melody (in E. Hermany’s un- 
 published ms. ‘‘Die Schnitter’’). 
 
 rank[~], f, vine. G Ranke. 
 
 ranke[*~], pp gerankt, to put forth vines. G 
 ranken. 
 
 Barrage n, poison ivy. G Ranke+ 
 
 iit. 
 
 v 
 
 G ram- 
 
 dG 
 
 rankel || bohn[*~"], f, running bean; -dorne 
 *~~*~|, pl, running brier, dewberry. 
 rankich, ranklich[*~], climbing,  cirrose, 
 
 tangled. G rankig. 
 
 ranse[*~], m, mouth, large piece, belly. G 
 Ranzen. 
 
 ranse[*~], pp geranst, to range around, strut. 
 G ranzen. 
 
 ransich[{*~], rancid, rank. G ranzig. 
 
 rappel || kaschde[*~~™~], m, rattle-trap; -kopp 
 [*~~], m, dull person; <zott[*~™], f, slattern. 
 G Rappel +Zotte(l). 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary I2I 
 
 rappelkeppi(s)ch[*~~~], obstinate, stubborn, 
 rebellious, foolish. G rappelképfisch. 
 
 rapple[*~], pp gerappelt, to rattle. Grappeln. 
 
 rapplich[*~], rattling, dilapidated. G rap- 
 pelig. 
 
 rar[], rare, scarce. G rar. 
 
 rarichkeet[*~"], f, rarity, scarcity. G rar+ 
 ig poe 
 
 raridaet|’~ a) curiosity. G Raritat. 
 
 rasch[”], ee asty, headlong. G rasch. 
 
 raschbel[*~], f, rasp. G Raspel. 
 
 raschble[*~], pp Seisch bile to rasp. G 
 raspeln. 
 
 raschdich[*~], vigorous, hearty. dG (ge)- 
 rascht. 
 
 rascht[“], f, rest: — unruh. G Rast. 
 rasch(t)[“], nimble, quick. G rasch. 
 rase[~~], pp gerdst, to rage. G rasen. 
 rasend[~~], raging, furious, rabid. G rasend. 
 raserei["~~], f, fury, madness. G Raserei. 
 rasich[~~], furious. Adj from rAse. 
 rassel[’~], f, rattle. G Rassel. 
 
 rasselschlang[*~~], f, rattlesnake. G Rassel 
 +Schlange. 
 
 rasselschlange || bletter[*~~~~~ ], pl., rattle- 
 snakeweed; =warzel[*~~~~~ ], f, lion’s foot. 
 
 deporte “], pp gerasselt, to rattle. G rasseln. 
 
 ratt[], f, rat; er is en — dra’, he is some 
 
 shakes at it. G Ratte. 
 
 ratte || fall[*~~], f, rat-trap; -gift[*~~], n, rat 
 poison, arsenic, ratgut; -nescht[*~~], 
 rats’ nest; -schwans[*~~], m, rat-tail. 
 
 rauch[], m, smoke (EH). The word is sel- 
 dom used in conversation. G Rauch. 
 
 raude[~~], f, rue. G Raute. 
 
 rauh["], rough, hoarse, raw, inclement, harsh, 
 rocky. Grauh. 
 
 rauh || ‘paschdich{=~*, robust, rude, rough; 
 zbauz[~~], m, boor. dG rauhbauz; -bauz- 
 ich[~~~], boorish, rude; -beenich[~~~], un- 
 mannerly, rowdyish; zbels[~~], m, un- 
 mannerly fellow; -belsich[~~~], unmanner- 
 ly, rowdyish; -bijjel[“~~~], m, unmannerly 
 fellow. dG rubbigel; -maurer[~~~], m, 
 stone-mason; -schalich[~~~], rough- shelled 
 (pear). 
 
 raup["|, f, caterpillar. G Raupe. 
 
 raupenescht, rauwenescht[~~~], mn, cater- 
 pillars’ nest. G Raupennest. 
 
 raus["], out (of); — mit! out with it! G 
 heraus. 
 
 raus-["], separable prefix of verbs. G heraus-. 
 
 raus || addere[~~~™~], to order out; -berschde 
 [~~~], to brush out; -barzle{~~~], to tumble 
 out; -beisse[~~~], to bite out, supplant; 
 -belse[*~*], to pound out; -bieje[-~“l, to 
 bend out; -biete[~~~], to challenge; -bijjele 
 [“~~~], to iron out; -binne[*~~], to tie out- 
 
 side; -blerre[~~~], to blurt out; -blanse 
 [“~~], to transplant; -blatsche[~~~], to 
 blurt out, utter incautiously; -blaudre 
 
 [“"~], to cause to change one’s mind; 
 ebleche[*~~], to pay up (reluctantly); 
 zblicke[~~~], to glance out; -blose[~~~], to 
 blow out; -bluje[~~~], to plow out (as 
 
 potatoes); -bohre[*~~], to bore out; 
 zbreche[~~~], to break out (of confinement); 
 -brenne[~~~], to burn out; -briee[~~~], to 
 hatch out; -bringe[~~™~], to bring out, utter; 
 zbumpe[~~~], to pump out; -butze[~~~], to 
 clean out; -derfe[~~~], to be allowed out; 
 -dappe[~~~], to walk out heavily; -draje 
 [~~~], tocarry out; -drede[*~~], to kick out, 
 tramp out; -drehe[~~~], to turn out; 
 -dreiwe[*~~], to drive out; -dresche[*~~], 
 to thresh out; -dricke[~~~], to squeeze out; 
 -dropse[~~~], to come out in drops; 
 -drumme[~*~~], to drum out; -du*[*7], to 
 put out, evict; -dunnere[~~~™~], to come out 
 tumultuously; -fahre[* ~~], to drive out, 
 be gruff, fly into a passion; -falle[~~~], to 
 fall out; -fange[*~~], to catch from a 
 number; -fasse[~~~], to measure some out 
 of; -faule[~~“], to rot out; -fitze[~~~], to 
 drive out with a whip; -flieje[~~~], to fly 
 out; -foddre[~~~], to challenge, ask to 
 boot; -fresse[~~~], to eat out of; sich — 
 
 to recover, recoup; -geerwe[~~~], to drive 
 out by whipping; -geh*[*"], to leave; 
 -gewwe|~~], to give out, publish, give to 
 boot; -gloppe[~~~], to hammer out; -grad- 
 dle[~~~], to crawl out, get out of bed; 
 zgratze[~~~], to scratch out; -grawe[~~~], 
 to dig out or up; -grieje[~~~], to get out, 
 get to boot; -gucke[~~~], to look out; 
 zhacke[~~~], to chop out, hoe out; 
 zhaschble[~~~], to come out fortuitously; 
 zhelfe[~~~], to help out, assist, lend a hand; 
 zshenke[*~~], to hang out; -hetze[~~~], to 
 drive out by dogs; -hewe[~~~], to lift out; 
 zhole[~~~], to fetch out; -huschde[~~~], to 
 cough up; -jaje[~~~], to chase out; -jutte 
 [~~~], to defraud; -kehre[*~~], to sweep 
 out; -kenne[*~~], to be able to get out; 
 zkotze[~~~], to vomit (it) out; -kumme 
 [~~~], to come out, hatch out, become 
 known, result, be issued; -lafe[~~~], to 
 walk out, run out (of liquids); -lahne[~~~], 
 to lean out; -lange[~~~], to reach out; 
 zleichte[~~~], to light some one’s way out; 
 zleje[~~~], to lay out; -lese[~~~], to pick 
 out; -lieje[~~~], sich, to get off by lying; 
 zlocke[~~~], to entice out; -loddle[*~~], to 
 loosen; -mache[~~~], to dig or remove (as 
 potatoes or stones); sich —, to recover, 
 succeed; -maehe[*~~], to mow around some 
 obstruction in a field; -meerricke[~~~~], to 
 mark out; -maschiere[~~~~], to march out; 
 zmisse[~~~], to be obliged to get out; 
 snemme[*~~], to take out; -packe[~~~], 
 sich, to leave; -picke[*~~], to pick out; 
 -poke[~~~], to poke out; -reche[*~~], to 
 rake out of; -reeche[~~~], to reach out, 
 hand out; -reisse[~~~], to tear out; -renne 
 {-~~], to rush out; -ricke[~~~], to move 
 out; -rinne[*~~], to leak out; -rolle[~~™], 
 to roll out; -roppe[*~~], to pull out; 
 -roschde[*~~], to rust. out; -rufe[~~~], to 
 call out; -rutsche[~*~~], to slide out; -saeje 
 [~~~], to saw out; -saje[*~~], to speak 
 
122 
 
 freely; -schaele[*~~], sich, to evade, ex- 
 plain away; -scherre[*~ y to scratch out; 
 -schaffe[~~~], sich, to make one’s way out, 
 get out of, evade: -schalle[*~~], to sound 
 
 out from; -scheine[~~~], to shine out; 
 -scheppe|~~ “], to dip out; -schitte[~~~], to 
 pour out; -schittle[~ ~~], to shake out, 
 
 -schlajje[~~~], to beat out, burst out; sich 
 —, to make good, succeed; -schlecke|~~ “1 
 to lick out of ; -schleefe|~~ “], to drag out; 
 -schleife[*~~], to slide out; -schlippe( ~~], 
 to slip out; -=schmeisse[~~~], to throw out; 
 -schmelse[~~~], to melt out; -schnezrre 
 [~~~], to jerk out; -schnappe[~~~], to utter 
 unguardedly; -schnarre[~~~], to utter with 
 
 a growl; -schneide[*~~], to cut out; 
 -schnelle[~~~], to jerk out; -schneppe[~~~], 
 to tilt out; -schperre[*~~], to lock out; 
 
 -schprenge[~~~], to blast out, drive out; 
 -schpringe|[~~~], to run out; -schpritze 
 [~~~], to splash out; -schrauwe[~~~], to 
 screw out; -schterme[~~~], to storm out; 
 -schterze[~~~], to tumble out; -schtampe 
 [~~~], to come stamping out; -schtarre 
 [~~~], to stir out; -schteche[~~™~], to dig 
 with a fork (potatoes), remove from a 
 kettle with a fork; -schtecke[~~~], to stick 
 out; -schteeniche[~~~~], to chase by throw- 
 ing stones; -schteh*[~"], to jut out, project; 
 -schtelle[~~~], to set out; -schtewwere 
 [~~~], to chase out; -schtimme[~~~], to 
 defeat by voting (an official); -schtolpere 
 [~~~], to stumble out; -schtoosse[~~~], to 
 project; -schtraehle[~~~], to comb out; 
 -schtrecke[~~~], to stretch out; -schtreiche 
 [~~~], to shield, exonerate; sich —, to plead 
 excuses, sound one’s own praises; -schtritze 
 [~~~], to squirt; -schtuppe[~~~], to prod 
 out of; -schwerme[*~~], to swarm out; 
 -schweere[~~~], to swear out (a warrant); 
 -schweesse[~~~], to ooze out; -schwemme 
 [~~~], to flood out; -zschwenke[~~~], to 
 rinse out; -schwetze[~~~], to speak freely, 
 blab out; -schwimme[~~~], to swim out; 
 -schwinge[~~™], to swing out; -sehne[*~~], 
 to look out; -seihe[*~~], to strain out; 
 -setze[~~~], to set out; -suche[~~™~], to 
 pick out, select; -suckle[~~~], to suck out; 
 -suddre[*~~], to ooze out; -wachse[~~~], 
 to grow out; -wesche[*~~], to wash out; 
 -wiehle[*~~], to root out; -witsche[~~~], to 
 slip out; -woje[~~~], sich, to venture out; 
 ewolle[~~~], to want to come (get) out; 
 -zaehle[~~~], to count out; -zappe[~~~], to 
 tap; -zieje[~~~], to pull (draw) out, move 
 out; -zoppe[~~~], to jerk out. 
 
 rausch["], m, intoxication, jag. G Rausch. 
 
 rausche[~~], pp gerauscht, to rush, rustle, 
 plash, swash, murmur. G rauschen. 
 
 Sonar ~"~“],m, uncouth fellow, rough- 
 neck. 
 
 rauschend[*~], rousing. G rauschend in- 
 fluenced by E rousing. 
 
 rauscher[*~], m, rouser. 
 fluenced by E rouser. 
 
 G Rauscher in- 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Soctety 
 
 rauschperich[~~~], hoarse, raucous. G raus- 
 pern. 
 
 rauszus[~~], (on the way) coming out. G 
 heraus +dG zus. 
 
 rawe[~~], pp gerabt, to rob. Grauben. 
 
 rawer[~~], m, robber. G Rauber. 
 
 rawerband[*~~], f, band of robbers. G 
 Rauberbande. 
 
 rawerei[” ~~], f, robbery. G Rauberei. 
 
 rawunselgraut[-’~"], mn, common evening 
 primrose. G Rapunzel +Kraut. 
 
 Rawwert|*~], m, Robert. G Robert. 
 
 re[~], dat sing of fem pr sie and of fem sing 
 ind art en, (to) her, (tc) a. G ihr, einer. 
 
 reb(e)[~~], f, vine. G Rebe. 
 
 paegan ios f, Rebecca, Becky. G Rebek- 
 a 
 
 reche[*~], m, rake. G Rechen. 
 
 reche[*~], pp gerecht, to rake. G rechen. 
 
 rechel || arian n, arithmetic (book); 
 -kunscht[*~™], £, mathematics. 
 
 rechenschaft|‘ ~~], f, account, reckoning. G 
 Rechenschaft. 
 
 recher[*~], m, one who rakes. G Recher. 
 
 mar iat ~"], m, rake-handle. G Rechen- 
 stiel. 
 
 rechle[*~], pp gerechelt, to cipher, compute. 
 
 rechle. 
 
 rechler[*~], m, mathematician. G Rechler. 
 
 rechling, rechning|’ “], f, calculation, account, 
 bill. G Rechnung. 
 
 rechne[*~], pp gerechent, to cipher, reckon. 
 G rechnen. 
 
 recht["], n, right; — dezu, title; vun -s weje, 
 by right G Recht. 
 
 recht["], right, true, very; — mache, to ad- 
 just; di recht, the right hand. G recht. 
 
 rechtfertiche[*~~~], pp rechtgfzrticht, to 
 justify, clear. G rechtfertigen. 
 
 rechtgleibich[*~~], orthodox. G rechtglaubig. 
 
 rechtle[*~], pp gerechtelt, to wrangle, dispute. 
 Dim of G rechten. 
 
 rechtmaessich[*~], just, lawful. G _ recht- 
 massig. 
 
 rechtmaessichkeet[*~~"], f, legality. G 
 Rechtmassigkeit. 
 
 rechts[~], to the right; right-handed, right. 
 G rechts. 
 
 rechtschaffe, rechtschaffich, reschaffe[*~~], 
 
 honest, reliable, virtuous; very much, a 
 great deal. G rechtschaffen, dG reschaffe. 
 rechtschtelle[*~~], pp rechtgschtellt, to vin- 
 dicate. G recht +stellen. 
 rechtschtreit[*"], m, law-suit. G Recht+ 
 Streit. 
 rechtzeitich[*~~], in time, at the proper mo- 
 ment. G rechtzeitig. 
 reckelche[*~~], n, coat, 
 Double dim of G Rock. 
 red["], f, speech. G Rede. 
 reddel[*~], n, little wheel for cutting out cake 
 dough. Dim of G Rad. 
 reddich{: “], f, radish. G Rettich. 
 reddichmostert[*~~~], m, wild radish. G 
 Rettich + Mostert. 
 
 baby’s petticoat. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 reddichsame[*~~~], m, radish-seed. G Ret- 
 tichsamen. 
 
 rede[*~], pp geredt, to speak, orate. Greden. 
 
 redekunscht|*~~], f, oratory. G Redekunst. 
 
 redlich{[~~], honestly. G redlich. 
 
 redner(|~~], m, orator, preacher. G Redner. 
 
 redour[*], back, returned: widder —? ich 
 muss —. Gretour <F retour. 
 
 reeche[~~], pp gereecht, to reach, hand, ex- 
 tend, hold out, suffice. G reichen. 
 
 reedel[*~], n, red chalk, reddle. G Rotel. 
 
 reedle[~~], pl, measles. G R6teln. 
 
 reef["], m, hoop. G Reif. 
 
 ree“fare[~~~], m, tansy. Cf reifare. 
 
 reef || eise[~~~], n, hoop-iron; -rock[*~], m, 
 hoopskirt; -schlang[~~], f, hoop snake; 
 
 -schneider[~~~], m, hoop-maker; -schtecke 
 
 [~~~], m, hoop-pole; -weide[~~~], m, f, 
 rose willow. 
 
 reehr[7], f, pipe, tube. G Rohre. 
 
 reel["], real. G reell. 
 
 Reemer|[*~], m, Roman. G Rémer. 
 
 csp heed Be f, journey, voyage, progress. G 
 
 eise. 
 
 reeschde[~~], pp. gereescht, to roast. G 
 rosten. 
 
 reese[~~], pp gereest, to go on a journey, 
 travel. G reisen. 
 
 Reesel[*~], n, Rosie. G Résel. 
 
 reff[-], n, grain cradle, rack, mouth, set of 
 artificial teeth. G Reff. 
 
 Reffemiert[“~~], Reformed. G Reformiert. 
 
 reffschprosse[*~~], m, round of a rack. G 
 Reff +Sprosse. 
 
 regiere, rejiere[’~~], pp regiert, to govern, 
 rule, reign. G regieren. 
 
 regiering, rejiering[-~~], f, governnient. G 
 Regierung. 
 
 Regine[~*~], f, Regina. G Regina. 
 
 regischder|~ ~~], m, index, record. G Register. 
 
 teh["], ze, foundered; sich ze — fresse. dG 
 reh. 
 
 rehgras[~~], n, rye-grass. G Rehgras. 
 
 rehichkeet|[~~~], f, founder. Noun from reh. 
 
 rei[], f, repentance, regret. G Reue. 
 
 rei*["], clean, pure; «er is — vun sellem. G 
 rein. 
 
 rei*["], in (here). G herein. 
 
 rei~-[~], separable prefix of verbs. G herein-. 
 
 reib || berscht[*~], f, scrubbing brush; -eise 
 [~~~], n, grater. 
 
 Tei™ || bieje[~~~], to bend in; 
 tie inside; -breche[*~~], 
 -bringe[~~~], to bring in; -dappe[~~~], to 
 enter with heavy steps; -draje[~~~], to 
 carry in; -dreiwe[~~~], to drive in; -du* 
 [~"], to put in, haul into the barn; -fahre 
 {[-"~], to drive in; -falle[~~~], to fall in; 
 -fiehre[~~~], to lead in; -flieje[~~~], to fly 
 in; -gaffe[~~~], to gape in; -geh*[~"], to 
 enter; -gewwe[~~~], to hand in; -graddle 
 {-~~], to crawl in; -gucke[*~™~], to look in; 
 zhelfe[~~~], to help in; -henke[*~~], to 
 hang (something) inside; -hewe[~~~], to 
 lift in; -hole[~~~], to fetch in; -kenne[(*~™], 
 
 -binne[~~™~], to 
 to break in; 
 
 123 
 
 to be able to come in; -kumme[*~~], to 
 come in; -lafe[~~~], to walkin; -lange[~~™~], 
 to reach in; -leichte[*~~~], to light one’s 
 way in; -leje[*~~], to lay in; -locke[*~~], 
 to call in, entice to enter; -losse[~~~], to 
 let in; -merricke[~~~™~], to markin; -misse 
 [~~~], to be obliged to come in; -neediche 
 [~"~~], to urge to come in; -nemme[*~~], 
 to take in; -packe[*~™~], to pack in; sich —, 
 to come in; -reeche[~~~], to reach in; 
 -reide[~~~], to ride in; -reisse[~~~], to tear 
 in; -rejjne[~~~], to rain in; -renne[*~~], to 
 thrust in, bolt in, enter hurriedly; -ricke 
 [~~~], to move in; -rinne[*~~], to leak in; 
 -rolle[~~~], to roll in; -rudre[~~~], to row 
 in; -rufe[~~~], to call in; -rutsche[*~~], to 
 slide in; -schaffe[~~~], to get in; sich —, 
 to force one’s way in, manage to get in; 
 -schalle[~~~], to sound in; -scheine[~~~], to 
 shine in; -scheppe[~~™~], to shovel or dip in; 
 -schiewe[~~~], to push in; -schlajje[~~~], 
 to knock in; -schleiche[~~~], to sneak in; 
 -schluppe[~~~], to creep in; -schmuggle 
 [~~~], to smuggle in; -schneee[~~~], to 
 snow in; -schperre[~~~], to pen in; 
 -schprenge[~~~], to chase in, burst in; 
 -schpringe[~~~], torun in; -schterme[*~~], 
 to rush in; -schterze[*~~], to fall in; 
 -schtelle[~~~], to set in; -schtewwre[~~~], 
 to chase in, enter hastily; -schtoosse[~*~~], 
 to push in; -wolle[~~~], to want to come in; 
 -zackere[~~~~], to enter with a heavy gait; 
 ezieje[~~~], to pull in, move in; -zoppe 
 [“~~], to pull in by jerks. 
 
 rei*blumm, reinblumm|[*~], f, sweet everlast- 
 
 ing. 
 
 reich{"], rich. G reich. 
 
 reich["], n, kingdom. G Reich. 
 
 reichdum[~~], m, riches. G Reichtum. 
 
 reicher[~~], richer. G reicher. 
 
 reichfeldich[~~~], abundantly. G reichfaltig. 
 
 reichlich[~~], abundantly, bountifully. G 
 reichlich. 
 
 reichscht["], richest, wealthiest. G reichst. 
 
 reide[~~], pp geridde, to ride (on horseback). 
 G reiten. 
 
 reider[~~], m, rider, trooper, jockey, next to 
 the top rail in a worm-fence. G Reiter. 
 
 reie[~~], pp gereit, to regret. G reuen. 
 
 reie[~~], m, instep. G Reien. 
 
 reif["], ripe, mature. Greif. 
 
 rei~fare, ree“fare[~~~], m, tansy. G Rain- 
 farn. 
 
 reifdraub[~“], f, chicken grape, frost grape. 
 G Reif +Traube. 
 
 reife[~~], m, hoar frost. G Reifen. 
 
 reifich[~~], frosty. G reifig. 
 
 reih[], f, = roi. 
 
 reihe[~~], pp gereiht, to baste, stitch. G 
 reihen. 
 
 reihfadem[~~~], m, basting thread. G Reihe- 
 faden. 
 
 reim[7], rhyme, ballad. G Reim. 
 
 reime[~~], pp gereimt, to rhyme; sich —, to 
 agree, tally. Greimen. 
 
124 
 
 reimiedich[~ ~~], repentant. 
 
 rein["], clean, pure. G rein. 
 
 reinfart, ree“fart[“~],m, tansy. G Rainfarn. 
 
 reinheet|~ “], {, virtue, chastity. G Reinheit. 
 
 reiniche[~~™~], pp gereinicht, to cleanse, purify. 
 G reinigen. 
 
 reiniching[~~~], f, cleansing, purgation. G 
 Reinigung. 
 
 reis["], m, rice. G Reis. 
 
 reis || brei[~~], m, rice boiled in milk; 
 {~"l, f, rice-soup. 
 
 rei || scheit[* “], n, sway-bar; -schemel[*~~], 
 m, (front) body-bolster (of a wagon). 
 
 reisse|~ “], pp gerisse, to tear, pull, gripe; 
 sich —, to struggle, scramble, be eager to. 
 G reissen. 
 
 reissend[~~], ferocious, wild, savage; rapidly. 
 G reissend. 
 
 reisses[~~], m, so’n, 
 Noun from reisse. 
 
 G reumiitig. 
 
 -Supp 
 
 (such) sharp pains. 
 Cf backes. 
 
 reitersalb[~~~], f, blue ointment. G Reiter- 
 salb. 
 reitgaul[*"], m, riding-horse, mount. G 
 
 Reit +dG gaul. 
 reiwe[~~], pp geriwwe, to rub, grate. G 
 
 reiben. 
 reiweise[~~~], n, grater. G Reibeisen. 
 
 reiwerei|~*], f, contention, friction. G Rei- 
 berei. 
 
 reiwing|~~], f, rubbing, scrubbing. G Reéi- 
 bung. 
 
 rei~zus[~~], (on the way) coming in. G he- 
 
 rein +dG zus. 
 
 reje[~~], pp gerekt, sich, to move, stir. G 
 regen. 
 
 rejel(~~], f, rule. G Regel. 
 
 rejelmaessich{~~~~], regular, according to 
 rule. G regelmassig. 
 
 rejelmaessichkeet([*~~~~], f, regularity. G 
 Regelmassigkeit. 
 
 rejje|*~], reje[*~], m, rain. G Regen. 
 
 rejje || boje[*~"~], m, rainbow; -dak[*~"], m, 
 rainy day; -droppe[*~~~], m, raindrop; 
 -fass[*~~], n, rain-barrel; -messer[*~~~], m, 
 rain-gauge; -scherm[*~~], m, umbrella; 
 -schauer[*~~~], m, shower; -vojjel[‘~~~], 
 m, plover; -warm{*~~], m, earth-worm; 
 -wasser|*~~~], n, rain-water; -wetter[*~~~], 
 n, rainy weather; -wolk[~~~], f, nimbus. 
 
 rejjeliere[~~~~], pp rejjeliert, to regulate. G 
 regulieren. 
 
 rejjere[*~~], rejere[~~~], pp gerejjert, to rain. 
 G regnen. 
 
 rejjerich{* sch rejjnich[*~], rainy. G regnerig. 
 
 rejjiment[~~*], n, regiment. G Regiment. 
 
 rejjle[*~], pp gerejjelt, to regulate. G regeln. 
 
 rejjne[*~], rejne[~~], pp gerejjnet, torain. G 
 regnen. 
 
 relichion[~~~*], f, religion. G Religion. 
 
 renkle[*~], pp gerenkelt, to dispute, quarrel, 
 wrangle. G rankeln. 
 
 renn[{~], m, push, thrust, jolt. 
 renne. 
 
 renndier[*~], n, reindeer, person or horse that 
 rushes like mad. G Renntier. 
 
 Noun from 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 renne[*~], pp gerennt, to run, rush, thrust, 
 
 butt, hook (with the horns). G rennen. 
 
 Republikaner[-~~*~], m, Republican. G 
 Republikaner. 
 
 republikanisch[-’~*~], Republican. G _ re- 
 publikanisch. 
 
 reschdel[‘~], n, remnant. Dim of G Rest. 
 
 reschpekdawel[~ ~~~], respectable. 
 tabel. 
 reschpekdiere[~ ~~~], 
 
 G respek- 
 pp reschpekdiert, to 
 
 respect. G respektieren. 
 
 reschpekt[“*], m, respect. G Respekt, F 
 respect. 
 
 rescht["], remnant. G Rest. 
 
 resolut[- ~~], determined, resolute. G resolut. 
 
 retour[~*], n, sheriff’s return (HLF). F re- 
 tour. 
 
 retsch[], f, gossip, busybody. dG ratsch. 
 
 retsch || betti, -belli[‘~~], f, tattle-tale. dG 
 ratschbawel; -maul{*], n, tattle-tale. 
 
 retsche[*~], pp geretscht, to bear tales, tattle, 
 gossip. dG ratschen. 
 
 retscher[*~], m, tale-bearer. dG ratscher. 
 
 retscherei[~~*], f, gossiping. dG ratscherei. 
 
 rett[“], f, speech, expression. G Rede. Cf 
 red. 
 rette[*~], pp gerett, tosave. Gretten. 
 
 retze[’“], pp geretzt, to tease. G reizen. 
 dG retze. ; 
 Revier[-*], di, the Delaware River. G 
 
 Revier, Rivier <F riviére. Revier orig- 
 inally meant_Ufergelande. Rivier(e) was 
 used in old G for Bach and Fluss. From 
 these meanings it is evident how the name 
 came to be applied to the Delaware, the 
 eastern boundary of the land in which they 
 might settle. 
 
 rewwer[*~], m, river. G Rivier, although it 
 probably came largely from E river. 
 
 rezept[~*], f, recipe, prescription. G Rezept. 
 
 rhabarbra[~*"], rhubarb. G Rhabarber. 
 
 rhummedis[*~~], f, rheumatism. G Rheuma- 
 tismus influenced by E rheumatism. 
 
 thummedis || graut[*~~"], n, pleurisy root; 
 spotted wintergreen; -warzel[*~~~~], f, 
 wild yam. 
 
 richte[*~], pp gericht, to judge, put into align- 
 ment, direct. G richten. 
 
 richter[*~], m, judge. G Richter. 
 
 richtich[*~], correct. G richtig. 
 
 richtichkeet[*~~], f, correctness, settlement. 
 G Richtigkeit. 
 
 nies At scheit[*"], n, ten-foot pole; 
 
 1, f, straight line, rule of action. 
 
 PALE, y is direction. G Richtung. 
 
 rick[~], m, back. G Riicken. 
 
 ricke[*~], pp gerickt, to move. G riicken. 
 
 rick || fellich[*~~], in arrears, failing; -grank- 
 heet[*~~], f, rickets; -meessel[*~~], m, back- 
 bone, chine; -schtand[*~], m, arrears; 
 -schtick[*~], n, top sirloin; -schtrang[*~], m, 
 spine; -sicht[*~], f, regard (to), considera- 
 tion (of); -werts[*~], backwards; -weh 
 [*"], n, lumbago, backache. 
 
 riddle[*~], pp geriddelt, to shake, sieve, cast 
 
 -schnur 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 up to, accuse; ebbes —, to bear tales. G 
 riitteln. 
 
 rieb[], f, turnip. G Riibe. 
 
 riebsame[~~~], m, turnip seed. G Riiben- 
 samen. 
 
 riechdroppe[~~~], pl, perfumery. G Riech+ 
 Tropfen. 
 
 rieche[~~], pp geroche, to smell; zr hott di 
 ratt geroche, he became suspicious, he took 
 warning. Griechen. 
 
 riecher[~~], m, nose. G Riecher. 
 
 riehme[~~], pp geriehmt, to praise; sich —, 
 to glory (in), boast. G riihmen. 
 
 riehre(~~], pp geriehrt, to stir, affect. G 
 riihren. 
 
 riehrend[~~], affecting, touching. Grriihrend. 
 
 riehrer[*~], a seiaets implement used in 
 stirring. G Rihrer. 
 
 rieme[~~], m, (leather) strap, thong (of a 
 flail). G Riemen. 
 
 ries["], m, giant. G Riese. 
 
 rieschder[*~], m, patch on a boot or shoe. 
 G Riester. 
 
 riesel[*~], m, proboscis, snout, nose, mouth. 
 G Riissel. 
 
 rieselvieh[~~~], n, swine. G Riissel +Vieh. 
 
 riesich[~~], great, enormous. G riesig. 
 
 riewe || nas[~~"], f, bottle-nose; -schtick[~~~], 
 n, turnip patch; -selat[*~~"], m, turnip 
 salad; -supp[~*~~], f, turnip soup. 
 
 riffel[’~], f, riffle, ripple. G Riffel. 
 
 rijjel[*~], m, rail, cross-timber, bolt; — 
 dreiwe, to drive rails into the holes in 
 posts to fasten them. G Riegel. 
 
 rijjelreide[*~ ~~], pp rij Pucevidde: to ride (one) 
 on a rail, play see-saw. Riegel +reiten. 
 
 rijjel || schloss[*~~], n, lock with bolts, stock- 
 lock; -wek[’~ ], m, railroad. 
 
 rijjle[* 4h pp gerijjelt, to bolt. G riegeln. 
 
 rilps[“], m, rough fellow. G Riilps. 
 
 rilpse[*~], pp gerilpst, to belch. G riilpsen. 
 
 rilpsich[*~], unmannerly. Adj from G Riilps. 
 
 rind[~], n, pl rinner, heifer. G Rind. 
 
 ring[~], m, ring, circle, clique; — schpiele, 
 to play ring-tag. G Ring. 
 
 ringausschlajje[* ~~~], n, ring-tag, copenhagen. 
 G Ring +-ausschlagen. 
 
 ringbon[*"], m, ringbone. G Ringbein. 
 
 ringe[*~], pp geringt, to put a ring through 
 the snout (of a pig); in the sense of sound- 
 ing a bell it is from E ring. G ringen. 
 
 ringel[*~], n, ringlet, circle; —-, — rosie, ringe 
 range rosie, ring-a ring-a rosey. Dim of 
 G Ring. 
 
 ringelblumm[’~~], f, marigold. G Ringel- 
 blume. 
 
 ringelros[*~~], f, calendula. G Ringelblume. 
 
 ringle[*~], pp geringelt, sich, to curl; di nas 
 —,toturn up one’s nose. Gringeln. 
 
 ringler[*~], m, ringer (at quoits). Noun from 
 ringeln. 
 
 ring || miehl[*~], f, girl’s game; -schlack[~~], 
 m, copenhagen; -warm[*~], m, ringworm. 
 
 ringsrum|[*~], all around. G ringsherum. 
 
 rinn[{~}, f, bark. G Rinne. 
 
 125 
 
 rinne[*~], pp gerunne, to leak. Grinnen. 
 
 rins || fett[*~], n, suet; -fleesch[**], n, beef; 
 -kopp[*~], m, stubborn person; Aedder 
 [*~~], m, upper leather, neat’s leather; 
 -schtickvieh[*~"], n, head of cattle; -vieh 
 [°"], n, cattle, vituperative term; -zung[*~], 
 il beef- -tongue. 
 
 ripp[> ], f, rib; en alti —, a lean old horse or 
 woman. G Rippe. 
 
 rippe || buffer[*~~"], m, thump in the ribs; 
 -fell[*~~], n, pleura; -fleesch[*~™], n, the 
 ribs with the meat on them; -schtick[*~~], 
 ne rib (roast); -schtooss|* ~"], m, dig in the 
 ribs. 
 
 rippich[{*~], ribbed. G rippig 
 
 rirarridaed[~~~~], f, rarity (EH). 
 
 rischbel[*~], f, panicle. G Rispel. 
 
 rischble[*~], pp gerischbelt, to rattle, rustle. 
 G rispeln. 
 
 rischde|’~], pp gerischt, (sich), to prepare, 
 make ready. Grriisten. 
 
 rischderei[’~~], f, preparation. G Riistereti. 
 
 rischdich[*~], vigorous, in good health. G 
 riistig. 
 
 rischding[*~], f, preparation. G Riistung. 
 
 rischthaus[*"], n, arsenal. G Riisthaus. 
 
 riss[“], m, rent, fissure, crack. G Riss. 
 
 rissich[*~], full of cracks. G rissig. 
 
 ritsch[“], f, loose woman, gadabout. 
 ritsch. Cf rutsch. 
 
 ritscher[*~], m, a slip out of the ground by the 
 plow in plowing. dG ritscher. 
 
 ritscherd[*~], ritscherli[*~~], corn-salad. dG 
 ritscher. 
 
 ritter[*~], m, knight, rider. G Ritter. 
 
 ritterschpor[*~"], m, larkspur. G _ Ritter- 
 sporn. 
 
 riwwel[’~], f, flour and lard (and sometimes 
 sugar) mixed and rubbed to the consistency 
 of small lumps used as a covering for 
 riwwelkuche, small roll of dirt formed on 
 the body when washing. dG riwwel. G 
 reiben. 
 
 riwwel || kaes[*~"], m, cheese from scalded 
 skim-milk ripened in a crock; -kuche[*~ ~~], 
 m, cake covered with riwwle; -supp[*~~], 
 f, soup made with riwwle. 
 
 riwwer[*~], to this side, across, over (on this 
 side), over (here). G heriiber, dG riwwer. 
 
 G Raritat. 
 
 dG 
 
 riwwer-[*~], separable prefix of verbs. dG 
 riwwer-. 
 riwwer || breche[*~~™~], to break over; -bringe 
 
 [*~~~], to bring over; -drehe[*~~~], to turn 
 
 over; -du7[*~ 7], to put over; -falle[*~~™], 
 to fall over; -geh™[*~"], to go over or 
 across; -gewwel[*~~~], to give or hand over; 
 
 -graddle[*~~~], to crawl over; -gucke[*~~™~], 
 to look over; -helfe[*~~~], to help across; 
 zhole[*~ ~~], to fetch over; -hupse[*~~~], to 
 hop over; =-jaje[*~~~], to chase over; 
 e-kumme[*~~™], to come over; -locke[*~ ~~], 
 to entice over; -losse[*~~~], to allow to 
 come over; -rufe[*~~~], to call over; 
 <schicke[*~~~], to send over; -schluppe 
 [*~~~], to creep over; -schmeisse[*~~™~], to 
 
126 
 
 throw over; -schtelle[*~~~], to set over; 
 -setze[*~~~], to set over. 
 
 riwwerzus[*~~], on the way (coming) across. 
 dG riwwer +zus. 
 
 rock[~], m, coat. G Rock. 
 
 rock || ermel[*~~], m, coat-sleeve; 
 
 ~~~], m, coat-tail; -graje[*~~], m, coat- 
 
 collar; -sack[*~], m, coat-pocket. 
 
 rocke[* ), m, rye. G Roggen. 
 
 rocke[*~], m, distaff. G Rocken. 
 
 rocke || brot[*~~], n, rye-bread; -mehl[*~"], n, 
 rye flour. 
 
 rode[~~], pp gerode, to advise, guess. G 
 raten. 
 
 roh["], raw, sore. Groh. 
 
 rohr[], n, pipe. G Rohr. 
 
 rohr || blech{*~], n, sheet iron; -loch[*~], n, 
 pipe-hole; -schtock[* “], m, rattan. 
 
 roi[” |, f, row, turn, succession; du kummscht 
 4 in di — , your turn will come. G Reihe. 
 
 roijet(~~], f, row, turn. GReihe. Cf backet. 
 
 roijeweis[~~~], in rows. G reihenweise. 
 
 rolitsch[~~], f, rollichie (small pieces of beef 
 stuffed in bags of tripe, pickled in diluted 
 vinegar, sliced, fried and served with 
 
 gravy). Dutch rolletje. 
 
 roll[“], f, roll. G Rolle. 
 
 rolle[*~], pp gerollt, to roll, be served (of 
 sows); sich —,toroll (of horses). Grollen. 
 
 roll(e)duwack[*~~~], m, twist tobacco. G 
 Rollentabak. 
 
 roller|*~], m, roller, caster. G Roller. 
 
 roll || hols[*~], n, rolling pin; -miehl[*"], f, 
 rolling mill; -schtee*[*~], m, rubble. 
 
 rollich[*~], inclined to roll, round, in heat (of 
 
 sows). G rollig. 
 
 roppe[*~], pp geroppt, to pull, pluck, pick, 
 gather. Grupfen. 
 
 ros["], f, rose; wildi —, wild rose; di feierich 
 —,erysipelas. G Rose. 
 
 roschde[*~], pp geroscht, to rust. G rosten. 
 roschdich[*~], rusty. G rostig. 
 
 roscht[~], m, rust. G Rost. 
 
 rose[~~], pp gerost, to frolic, play. dG rose. 
 rose || grans[~~~], m, rosary; -schtock[~~~], 
 
 m, rose-bush. 
 G Rosine. 
 
 rosein|[~~*], f, raisin. 
 
 roserei["~~], f, frolicing. dG rose. 
 
 rosich[~~], rosy, porous. dG rosig. 
 
 rosmarei[*~~], f, rosemary; wilder —, butter- 
 and-eggs, toad-flax. G Rosmarin. 
 
 rossich[*~], ready for the stallion (of mares). 
 G rossig. 
 
 rot["], red; — prinsipitat, red precipitate; 
 -er hinkeldarm, red pimpernel; -er peffer, 
 Cayenne pepper; ken -er, not a cent, nary 
 ared. Grot. 
 
 rot["], m, counsel, advice; do is guter — deier, 
 we are in a dilemma; : net — du kenne, 
 not to be able to do sufficient. G Rat. 
 
 rot || brau*[*~], auburn; -eeche[*~~], m, red 
 oak (tree); -esche[*~~], f, red ash; -fisch 
 [~~], m, redfin; -gliedich[~~~], red hot; 
 zhols[~~], n, redwood; -hoorich[*~~], red- 
 headed; -keppich[*~~], red-headed; -kopp 
 
 Alijjel 
 
 The Pennsylvanta-German Society 
 
 [~~], m, red-headed person, red-headed 
 woodpecker; -lafe[*~~], n, inflammation; 
 -scheckich[*~~], speckled red; -seide[{*~~], 
 (of) red silk; Bat f, blood-root; 
 -weide[~~~], m, f, rose willow: -zedre|~ ~~], 
 m, red cedar. 
 
 rotgewwer[~~~], m, counsellor, adviser. G 
 Ratgeber. 
 
 rotlich[~~], reddish. G rétlich. 
 
 rotrieb[~"], f, beet. G Rotriibe. 
 
 rotsam[*~], advisable. G ratsam. 
 
 rotschtenglich[~~™~], red-stemmed; -er balsem, 
 peppermint, garden mint. G rot +Stengel. 
 
 rotschwensicher[~~~~] hinkelwoi, red-tailed 
 hawk. G rotschwansich. 
 
 rotsiesskersch[“*~], f, variety of ungrafted 
 sweet red cherry. G rot-+siiss-+Kirsche. 
 
 rott["], f, gang. G Rotte. 
 
 rott[“], dry-rotted, decayed. G 
 faulen. 
 
 rotz[-], m, snot; 
 hard. G Rotz. 
 
 rotzer[*~], m, pert child, glanders (in horses). 
 Noun from rotze. 
 
 rotz || hols[*~], n, slippery elm; -keffer[*~~], 
 m, impudent person; -leffel[*~~], m, term of 
 contempt (usually for a callow youth); 
 enas[*"], f, pert child, fresh young person. 
 
 rotzich[*~], snotty, immature. G rotzig. 
 
 ruder[~~], m, oar, paddle, rudder. G Ruder. 
 
 Rudi[*“], m, Rudolph. dG Ruodi. 
 
 rudre[~~], pp gerudert, to row. G rudern. 
 
 ruf["], m, call, calling. G Ruf. 
 
 rufe[~~], pp gerufe, to call. Grufen. 
 
 ruff[“], up (to a place), up, upwards; es land 
 —, from down country. G herauf. 
 
 ruff-[“], separable prefix of verbs. G herauf-. 
 
 ruff || binne[*~~], to tie up; -bringe[*~~], to 
 bring up; -bumpe[*~~], to pump up; -deerfe 
 [*~~], to be allowed up; -draje[* ~~], to carry 
 up; -drehe[*~~], to turn up; -dreiwe[*~~], 
 to drive up; -du*[*"], to put up; -fahre 
 [-~~], to drive up (in a vehicle); -fiehre 
 [*~~], to lead up; -gawwle[*~™], to pitch up; 
 -geh*[*"], to go up; -gewwel[*~~], to hand 
 
 rotten = 
 
 — un wasser heile, to cry 
 
 up; -graddle[*~~], to climb up; -gucke 
 [*~~], to look up; -zhewe[*~~], to lift up; 
 zhole[*~~], to fetch up; -jaje[*~~], to chase 
 
 up; -keere[*~~], to belong up; -kenne[*~~], 
 to be able to get up; -kumme[*~™], to come 
 up; -lafe[*~~], to walk up; -lange[*~™~], to 
 hand up; -leje[*~~], to lay up; -losse[*~~], 
 to allow to come up; -reide[*~~], to ride 
 up; -renne[*~~], to rush up; -ricke[*~~], to 
 move up; -rufe[*~~], to call up; -schaffe 
 [*~~], to convey up; -schalle[*~~], to sound 
 up; -scheppe[*~~], to shovel or dip up; 
 -schicke[*~~], to send up; -schiewe[*~™~], 
 to push up; -schleefe[*~~], to drag up; 
 -schmeisse[*~~], to throw up; -schtelle 
 [*~~], to set up; -wolle[*~~], to want to get 
 or come up; -zieje[* ~~], to pull up, move up. 
 
 ruffzus[*~], on the way (coming) up. G 
 herauf +dG zus. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 127 
 
 ruh["], f, rest, ease, peace, silence; sich in di 
 — setze, to retire. G Ruhe. 
 
 tuh || blatz[~~], m, resting place; -zeit[~"], 
 f, time of rest, holiday(s). 
 
 ruhich[~~], quiet, tranquil, cool and collected. 
 G ruhig. 
 
 ruhm["], m, fame. G Ruhm. 
 
 ruhr["], f, dysentery. G Ruhr. 
 
 ruhrgraut[~"], n, cudweed, everlasting. G 
 Ruhr +Kraut. 
 
 ruje[~~], pp gerukt, to rest, sleep; ruk! be 
 quiet! stop! Gruhen. 
 
 rujerei["~~], f, (confounded) resting. From 
 ruje. 
 
 ruk dak[~"], m, day of rest, day off; 
 -schtee*[~~], m, roundish stone placed on 
 fence-posts; -schtunn[~~], f, (midday) hour 
 of rest. 
 
 rum[~], about, around. G herum. 
 
 rum-[~], separable prefix of verbs. G herum-. 
 
 rum |! addere[*~~™~], to order around; -bamble 
 [*~~], to loiter; -barzle[*~~], to roll or 
 tumble over and over; -bieje[*~~], to bend 
 around; -binne[*~~], to tie in another place; 
 zblerre[’~~], to talk boisterously; -blanse 
 {*~~], to plant in another place; -blaschdere 
 [*~~~], to be doctoring or applying plasters 
 continually; -blaudre[*~~], to spread re- 
 ports; -blettre[*~~], to turn the leaves of a 
 book; -blicke[*~~], to glance around; 
 zblose[*~~], to blow around, go about 
 boasting; -bluje[*~~], to plow; -bringe 
 [*~~], to bring around, bring (another) to 
 one’s way of thinking, spend (time); 
 sdanse[*~~], to dance around, cavort; 
 -dappe[*~~], to wander around; -darjele 
 [°~~~], to stagger around; -deiwle[*~~], 
 to go around raising the devil; -doktere 
 [~~~], to try all sorts of doctors or medi- 
 cines; -dowe[’~~], to rage around; -draje 
 {*"~], to carry around; -drehe[*~~], to turn 
 around, reverse, make a square turn in 
 plowing, twist, turn inside out; -dreiwe 
 [*-“l, to drive around; -dricke[’~~], to 
 squeeze; -drinke[*~~], to drink around; 
 -dunnere[*~~~], to go around noisily; 
 zennere[*~~~], to change; -fahre[*~~], to 
 drive around (in a vehicle); -falle[*~~], to 
 tumble about; -faschle[*~~], to pry; 
 -fawle[*~~], to make motions; -fechde[*~™], 
 to go around fighting; -feischdle[*~~], to 
 go around flourishing one’s fists; -fiehle 
 [*-~“], to feel about; -fiehre[*~~], to lead 
 about; -fiessle[*~~], to walk around with 
 mincing gait; -flankiere[*~~~], to gad about, 
 roam about; -flieje[*~~], to fly around; 
 efroje[*"~], to ask one after another; 
 -gackse[*~~], to go about gossiping; -gaffle 
 [*~~], to gape around; -geh*[*"], to walk 
 around, make the rounds; -gewwel[*~~], to 
 hand around; -gleede[*~~], sich, to change 
 clothes; -gleppere[*~~~], to make a noise in 
 going around; -gnarre[*~~], to go about 
 growling; -gnaunse[*~~], to go about com- 
 plaining; -gnickse[*~~], to complain, find 
 
 fault; -gnoddle[*~~], to do odd jobs, work 
 leisurely without accomplishing much; 
 -gnuschdre[’~~], to be occupied with trifles; 
 -graddle[*~~], to crawl around; -grawe 
 [*~~], to dig around, dig up and turn under, 
 spade; -greckse[*~~], to ail; -gucke[*~~], 
 to look about; -hacke[*~~], to hoe up; 
 zhammle[*~~], to gad about, go around in 
 wet weather or in wet grass. dG hammel 
 =soiled fringe of a garment; -haschble 
 [*~~], to go around without any fixed pur- 
 pose; -hause[’~~], to rage around; -helfe 
 [*~~], to help (one) around; zhenke[*~~], to 
 hitch (a team of horses) to another wagon, 
 to hang about, loaf; -hewe[’~~], to lift 
 around; -hickle[*~~], to hobble around; 
 shocke[*~™~], to sit around, loaf; -hole[*~~], 
 to fetch, induce (one) to change; -hupse 
 [°~~], to hop about; -jackere[*~~~], to jog 
 or drive around the country; -jaje[*~~], to 
 chase around, gallop about; -johle[*~~], to 
 shout around; -kessle[*~“], to jaunt 
 around; kesseln =to make a noise; -kum- 
 me[*~~], to come around, recover; -lade 
 [*"~], to transfer a load; -lerme[*~~], to 
 make a noise; -lafe[*~~], to walk around, 
 tramp, wander, gad; -lange[*~~], to hand 
 around, suffice; -lause[*~~], to sneak 
 around, prowl; -<leie[*~~], to lie around, 
 loaf; -leje[*~~], to change the position of; 
 zlese[*~~], to sort over; -lodle[*~~], to loaf 
 around; -mache[*~~], to plow, spade; 
 smeerricke[*~~~], to change the marks of; 
 smaschiere[*~~~], to march around; -maule 
 [*"~], to growl, grumble; -moddle[*~~], to 
 remodel; -nemme[*~~], to show around; 
 enoddle[*~~], to lounge around dG noddele; 
 -packe[*~~], to repack; -pehze[*~~], to be 
 sickly. dG pehz; -piddle[*~~], to dawdle, 
 do odd jobs; -piense[*~~], to be sickly; 
 zpoke[*~~], to poke around; -puddle[*~™], 
 to splash around; -ranke[*~~], to twine 
 around; -rase[*~~], to go about raging; 
 -reeche[’"~], to hand around, suffice; 
 -reese[* ~~], to go wandering about; -reide 
 [*"~], to ride around; -reisse[*~~], to jerk 
 around; -renne[*~~], to rush about aim- 
 lessly; -ricke[*~~], to move around; -rieche 
 [*"~], to smell, spy out; -riehre[*~~], to 
 stir, stir up; -riesele[*~~™~], to nose around; 
 -rolle[*~~], to roll around; -rutsche[*~~], 
 to slide or fidget around, move frequently; 
 -saddle[*~~], to change horses in riding, 
 change the position of a burden; -saje[*~~], 
 to spread by telling; -scherre[*~~], to 
 scratch around, seed (a field); -schaffe 
 [*~~], to bring about a change in time or 
 position, plow; -schelte[*~~], to go around 
 scolding; -scheppe[*~~], to shovel or dip 
 from one place to another; -schicke[*~~], to 
 send around; -schiewe[*~~], to push about; 
 -schinne[*~~], to plow poorly; -schittle 
 [*~~], to shake around; -schlajje[*~~], to 
 knock around; -schlappe[*~~], to walk 
 around in the wet, to go around in shabby 
 
128 
 
 -schlaudere[*~~~], to loiter; 
 -schleefe[*~~], to drag around; -schleiche 
 [*-~], to sneak around; -schlenkere[*~~~], 
 to swing around; -schleppe[’ ~ “], to drag 
 around; -schluppe[’ ~ “], to creep around; 
 -schmeisse[* ~~], to throw around; eschner- 
 re[*~~], to jerk around; -schnappe[*~~], to 
 limp about; -schnuffle[*~~], to snuffle 
 around, be inquisitive; -schpade[*~~], to 
 spade; -schpanne/[* ~~], to hitch fresh horses 
 to a vehicle, change the place of a horse 
 from the near to the off side; -schpiele 
 [*~~], to play around; -schprenge[*~~], to 
 force to gallop or run around; -schpringe 
 ~~~], to run around, gad, be wild; 
 -schpucke[*~~], to go about at uncanny 
 times or places; -schterze[*~~], to fall 
 around; =-schtalle[*~~], to make other 
 arrangements; -schtarre[*~~], to stir up, 
 move about; -schteh*[*"], to stand around, 
 loiter; -schteije[*~ “], to change vehicles; 
 -schtelle[* ~ of AG change the position of; 
 -schtiwwere[*~~~], to bustle about; -schtol- 
 pere[*~~~], to stumble about; -schtoosse 
 [*"“], to jostle about; -schtraee[*~~], to 
 scatter about; -schtrippe[*~~], sich, to 
 change clothes; -schwenke[*~™~], to swing 
 around; -schwewe[’~~], to float about, 
 swing around; -schwimme[*~™~], to swim 
 about; -sehne[*~~], to have a good view; 
 -sei~[*"], to be about, be near; -setze[*~™], 
 to change the place of; -suche[*~™~], to 
 search around; -werwle[*~~], to whirl 
 around; -wandre[*~~], to wander, range; 
 -wechsle[*~~], to change, exchange; -weise 
 [*"~], to show about; -wenne[*~~], to turn 
 (the furrow); -wiehle[*~~], to turn over by 
 rooting, rummage; -zackere[*~~~], to drive 
 about; -zerre[*~~], to tease, tantalize; 
 -zappe[*~~], to draw off and put back in a 
 cask; -zieje[*~~], to pull around, change 
 residence; -zottle[*~~], to scatter about, 
 gad about. 
 
 rumbel[*~], m, affair, business, trick, fun. 
 G Rummel. 
 
 rumble|*~], pp gerumbelt, 
 
 attire; 
 
 to rumble. G 
 
 rumbeln. 
 rumf[-], m, hull, edge (of a bog or dam). 
 G Rumpf; in latter meaning perhaps from 
 
 G riimpfen allied to Ranft. 
 
 rumher[~*], round about, around. G umher. 
 
 rumher-[**], separable prefix of verbs. G 
 umher-. 
 
 rumheer || addere[-*~~~], to order from one 
 place to another; -blanse[~~~™~], to plant 
 in different places; -blaudre[~~~~], to 
 spread reports; -blose[’~~~], to brag in 
 different places; -bluje[“*~~], to plow for 
 different persons; -bralle[-*~~], to brag in 
 different places; -flieje[-“~~], to fly about; 
 -gaffe[“-~~], to gape around; -geh*[*~"], to 
 go about; -greische[~* ~~], to spread reports; 
 -gucke[~~~~], to look around; -kessle[“*~™~], 
 to jog around the country; -lafe[-*~~], to 
 walk around; -lause[-*~~], to sneak 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 around; -leie[-~~~], to loaf or bum around; 
 zleje[*~~], to lay in different places; 
 snemme|[~~~~], to take from place to place; 
 -reese[“~ ~~], to travel from place to place; 
 sreide[“~~~], to ride from place to place; 
 -renne[“~~~], to rush from place to place; 
 -rutsche[~~~~], to move from place to place; 
 -schaffe[“*~~], to work in different places; 
 -schleiche[“*~~], to sneak around, prowl, 
 loiter; -schmeisse[“*~~], to throw about; 
 -schpringe[~~~~], to run from place to place, 
 run about; -schteh*[~*"], to loiter about, 
 stand around; -schtelle[““~~], to place at 
 different points; -schtolpere[-~~~~], to 
 stumble around; -sehne[~~~~], to get an 
 extensive view; -sitze[““~~], to sit about, 
 lounge; -uffschtelle[-"*~~], to put up at 
 different inns; -wachse[~~~~], to grow in 
 different places; -wohne[’*~~], to live in 
 different places; -zieje[-~~~], to move from 
 place to place. 
 
 arcana sl m, tramp. 
 er. 
 
 rummel[*~], f, a variety of large beet. 
 rummel. 
 
 rumore[’~~], pp gerumort, to make a noise, 
 kick up a row: — wie en leeb (EH). G 
 rumoren. 
 
 rumpere[*~~], pp gerumpert, to make a big 
 ado. Variant of G rumpeln. 
 
 rumps[~] un schtumps, root and branch, 
 totally. G Rumpf und Stumpf. 
 
 rund[“l, round. Grund. 
 
 rund[’], f, round: noch ee~ — meh~ mache. 
 
 G Runde. 
 
 runding|*~], f, roundness, curve. G Rundung. 
 
 rundleiwich[*~~], paunchy, chunky. G rund- 
 leibig. . 
 
 rundlich[’~], roundish. G rundlich. 
 
 rund || meessel[*~~], m, gouge; -zerkel[*~~], 
 m, calipers. 
 
 rune[~ “], pl, welts, stripes. Cf ran. 
 
 rungeniere, rumeniere[” “<~], pp rungeniert, 
 to ruin, break sot dG rungeniere, G 
 ruinieren. 
 
 runn{~], f, brook, run. Probably from E run, 
 although G Runs=Lauf des Wassers. 
 
 runne, runge[*~], m, standard (of a wagon). 
 G Runge. 
 
 runner[*~], down (to where the speaker or 
 thinker is); vun owwe —, from above. G 
 herunter. 
 
 runner-[‘~], separable prefix of verbs. G 
 herunter-. 
 
 runner || addere[*~~~~], to order down from a 
 place; -barzle[*~~~], to tumble down; 
 -bieje[*~~~], to bend down; -biete[*~~~], 
 to underbid; -bringe[*~~™~], to bring down; 
 -deerfe[*~~~}, to be allowed to come down; 
 -dreiwe[*~~~], to drive down; -falle[*~~~], 
 to fall down; -geh*[*~"], to get down from; 
 -grieje[*~"~], to get (something) down; 
 -hacke|*~~~], to chop down; -handle[*~~™], 
 to beat down the price; -helfe[*~~™~], to 
 help down from; -henke[*~~~], to hang 
 
 G herum +Liu- 
 dG 
 
Pennsyloania-German Dictionary 
 
 down; -hewe[’~~~], to lift down from; 
 shole[*~~~], to fetch down; -jaje[*~~~], to 
 chase down from; - e[’~~~], to come 
 down, be reduced in circumstances; -lafe 
 [°~"~], to walk down; «leje[*~~~], to lay 
 down; -lese[*~~~], to read off, give a 
 person a calling down; -losse[*~~~], to let 
 down, allow to come down; -mache[*~~™], 
 to rain or snow slightly: es macht ebbes 
 runner; -reeche[’~~~], to reach down; 
 -reisse[*~ ~~], to tear down; -rufe[*~~~], to 
 call down; -rutsche[*~~~], to slide down; 
 -schaffe[* ~~~], to manage to get (something) 
 down; sich —, to manage to get down; 
 -schiesse[*~~~], to shoot down; =-schitte 
 [°~~~], to pour down; -<schittle[*~~~], to 
 shake down; -schlajje[*~~~], to knock down 
 from; -schmeisse[*~~~], to throw down; 
 -schterze[’~~~], to fall down (from); 
 -schtelle[*~~~], to set down; -schtoosse 
 [*~~~], to push down, thrust down; =zieje 
 [°~>~], to pull down, move down. 
 
 runnerzus[*~~], on the way down. G her- 
 unter +dG zus. 
 
 runsel[’~], f, wrinkle. G Runzel. 
 
 runsle[*~], pp gerunselt, to wrinkle, crease. 
 G runzeln. 
 
 runslich[*~], wrinkled. G runzlich. 
 
 ruppich[*~], uneven, rough (of a road or the 
 cross-terrain of a potato or corn field). 
 G ruppig. 
 
 rusch(d)e[~~], f, American elm; 
 slippery elm. G Riister. 
 
 ruschebaém[*~"], m, elm-tree. 
 Baum. 
 
 russ["], m, soot. G Russ. 
 
 russich[*~], sooty. G russig. 
 
 russle[*~], pp gerusselt, to drizzle. G rieseln. 
 
 russschwallem[*~~], m, chimney swift. G 
 Russ +Schwalbe. 
 
 rut["], f, rod, rod of a flail. G Rute. 
 
 rutsch|*], f, slide, coasting course, gadabout, 
 woman who changes residence frequently, 
 loose woman, child who wriggles on its 
 mother’s lap. G rutschen. 
 
 rutsche[*~], pp gerutscht, to slide, coast, slip, 
 crawl, creep, move frequently. Grutschen. 
 
 rutschich[*~], slippery. G rutschig. 
 
 S 
 
 ’s, abbreviation for es: wie geht’s, ich kenn’s 
 maedel, ’s unnerscht ’s ewwerscht. 
 
 Sabbat[*"], m, der grosse, Saturday before 
 Easter (Moravian). G Sabbat. 
 
 sabbatvoll[*~~], sacred. G Sabbat +voll. 
 
 sach[~], f, thing, affair, matter, business; 
 -e, clothes, wraps: nemm dei’ — ab. G 
 Sache. 
 
 sachde, sachdich, saftich[*~], softly, slowly. 
 G sachte. 
 
 sack[~], m, bag, pocket, sack, paunch; — un 
 pack, bag and baggage, everything; en 
 katz im — k&fe, to buy a pig in a poke. 
 G Sack. 
 
 11 
 
 rote —, 
 
 G Riister+ 
 
 129 
 
 sack || bendel[*~~], m, string used in tying a 
 bag; -dieb[’"], m, pickpocket ; -duch[’~], 
 n, sackcloth; -messer[’~~], n, pocket-knife; 
 speif[*"], f, bagpipe; -uhr[°’"], f, watch; 
 -weis|[* ], by bagfuls. 
 
 sacke[’~], pp gsackt, to sink, sag. G sacken. 
 
 sackerment|~~*], the deuce! G sackerment. 
 
 sackerments[~~~], deucedly. Adv from sack- 
 erment. 
 
 saddan[*~], m, vituperative term. G Satan. 
 
 saddel[*~], m, paale G Sattel. 
 
 saddel || deck[*~~], f, saddle cloth; -gart[*~™~], 
 f, saddle girth; -gaull*~ “], m, near horse 
 (of a two-horse team), rear near horse (of a 
 four-horse team); -gnopp[*~~], m, pommel; 
 zkisse[*~~™~], n, pillion. 
 
 saddi(*~], thank you (usually used by elders 
 in reminding a small child to say ‘“‘thank 
 you’ ’). , Probably a corruption of ‘“‘sag 
 Dank. 
 
 saddle[* : pp gsaddelt, to saddle. 
 
 saddler[*~], m, saddler. G Sattler. 
 
 saee[~~], pp gsaet, to sow. G sien. 
 
 Saees[*“], m, Esaias, Isaiah. G Isaias. 
 
 saeje[~~], pp gsaekt, to saw. G sagen. 
 
 saejer[~~], m, sawyer. G Sager. 
 
 saejezah~, saejezoh*[*~"], m, saw-tooth. G 
 Sagezahn. 
 
 saek[],f, saw. G Sag 
 
 saek || block{~ “him; fick to be sawed up; -bock 
 ae Paine sawhorse; -feil[~"], f, saw-file; 
 smachter[~*~~], m, saw-wrest; "-mehl[* rf 
 n, sawdust; -miehl[~"], f, sawmill; -richter 
 [~~~], m, saw-truer. 
 
 sae || mann[~~], m, sower; -sack[*~], m, bag 
 slung over the shoulder of a sower. 
 
 saet[™ 1; f, nage cord. G Saite. 
 
 saezwiwwel|*~~], f, squill. 
 
 saffran|[*~], saff(e)rich{’ ~~], m, saffron, saf- 
 
 G satteln. 
 
 flower. G Safran. 
 saft[“], f, juice, sap. G Saft. 
 saftich[*~], juicy, piquant (of persons), 
 
 smutty, unreliable, energetically. G saftig. 
 saje[~~], pp gsat, to say; ich will nix gsat 
 awwe, I don’t care to have it repeated; 
 du sakscht! you don’t say so! zr sakt 
 juscht so, he doesn’t mean it. G sagen. 
 sak["], f, saying, legend. G Sage. 
 sakrament[~~~],n, sacrament. G Sakrament. 
 sakrischdei[~~*], f, sacristy. G Sakristei. 
 salb[~], f, salve, ointment, smear. G Salbe. 
 saldat[-*], m, soldier. G Soldat. 
 saldate || kapp[-*~~], f, soldier’s cap: «rock 
 ~=~~], m, soldier’s coat; -schtreiss[-~~~], 
 pl, scarlet sage. 
 Sallemann[’~~], m, Solomon. G Salomon. 
 sallop[*~], m, dirty fellow. G Saloppe <F 
 salopp. 
 salma(n)gundi[’~*~], salmagundy. F salma- 
 gondis. E salmagundy. 
 salpeter[~*~], m, saltpeter. G Salpeter. 
 salpeterfeier[““~~~], n, nitric acid. G Salpe- 
 ter +Feuer. 
 sals[“], n, salt. G Salz. 
 
130 
 
 salse[*~], pp gsalse, to salt; gut gsalse, exor- 
 bitant in price. G salzen. 
 
 sals || bichs[*~], f, salt cellar; -fluss[*~], m, 
 salt rheum; lak|* “], clack, f, pickle, brine; 
 -schleck[*~], f, salt-lick, also in fields where 
 cattle have access to salt: -wasser[*~™~], 11; 
 salt water. 
 
 salsich[*~], salty, high in price. G salzig. 
 
 salsing|’~], f, salting, drubbing. G Salz+ 
 ung. 
 
 salwe[*~], pp gsalbt, to anoint. G salben. 
 
 salwei*[*"], m, sage. G Salbei. 
 
 salwen[’~], f, selvedge. G Salband. 
 
 salwiere[“~~], pp gsalbiert, to serve or handle 
 roughly. From G salben. 
 
 salwiers[“*], severely, thoroughly. 
 wiere. 
 
 sam["], m, hem, seam. G Saum. 
 
 same[*~], pp gsdmt, to hem. G sdumen. 
 
 sammetros[*~"], sametros[~~"], f, marigold. 
 G Sammetrose. 
 
 <_sal- 
 
 sammle[*~], pp gsammelt, to gather. G 
 sammeln. 
 
 sammlung[*~], f, gathering, convention. G 
 Sammlung. 
 
 Samschdak[*"!, m, Saturday. G Samstag. 
 
 samschdakskind[* ~~], n, child born on Satur- 
 day. G Samstagskind. 
 
 samt(e)[**], together with. G samt. 
 
 sand[~], m, sand. G San 
 
 sand || babier[*~"], n, eaidnanen: -boddem 
 *~~l, m, sandy soil; -edorn[*~~], m, bugle- 
 weed; -haufe|* ~ “], m, heap of sand; -kern 
 beet 2 f, grain of sand; -loch[*~], n, sandpit: 
 -mann[*~], m, Wee Willie Winkie; -schtee* 
 [**], m, sandstone; -sibb[*~], f, screen for 
 sand. 
 
 sandich[*~], sandy. G sandig. 
 
 sanft[“], gentle, mild, soft. G sanft. 
 
 sanftmiedich|*~~], gentle, meek. G _ sanft- 
 miitig. 
 
 sanftmut[*"], m, gentleness. G Sanftmut. 
 
 sannikel(warzel)[*~~~~], f, sanicle. G Sa- 
 nikel +Wurzel. 
 
 sapperlott[~*], zounds! the deuce! 
 ot. 
 
 sapperment[~~*], the deuce! G sapperment. 
 
 sapperments[“~~], deucedly. Adv from sap- 
 perment. 
 
 sarje, sarrick[*~], f, sarjes[*~], n, care, trouble. 
 
 Sorge. 
 
 sarje[*~], pp gsarrickt, to care (for), provide. 
 
 G sorgen. 
 
 G sapper- 
 
 sarje || frei[*~"], care-free; -los[*~], care- 
 free, careless. 
 sarrich[*~], m, coffin, bier. G Sarg. 
 
 sarrick || feldich[*~~~], careful, solicitous; -los 
 ~~], care-free, careless; -sam|[*~~], careful; 
 
 -voll[*~~], full of care, anxious. 
 
 sart, satt[“], f, sort, kind. G Sorte. 
 
 sarte[*~], pp gsart, to sort. G sortieren. 
 
 sassefras|*~~], n, sassafras. G Sassafras. 
 
 sassefrill[~~*], f, zAhmi —, spikenard; wildi —, 
 wild sarsaparilla. G Sassaparille. 
 
 sAtan[~~], m, satan. G Satan. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 satanisch["*~], satanical. G satanisch. 
 
 satt[*], satished; ich bin —, I have had 
 enough (to eat); ich habb’s —, I have had 
 enough of it. G satt. 
 
 satz[“], m, yeast, leaven, grounds (of coffee). 
 
 atz. 
 
 satz || blumm|[*~], f, winged cudweed, ever- 
 lasting; -britsch{* “], f, yeast ladle; -haffe 
 [*~~], m, yeast pot; -kuche[*~~], m, yeast 
 cake. 
 
 sau["], f, pl sei, hog, pig, filthy person, ace 
 (of cards). G Sau. 
 
 sauballe[*~~], m, game of ball. GSau-+Ball. 
 
 saue[~~], pp gsaut, to daub, smear. G sauen. 
 
 sauer[~~], sour. G sauer. 
 
 sauer || appel[“~~~], m, any tart apple; 
 
 deek[~~"], m, leaven, scrapings of the 
 
 pach dine trough; -glee[-~ “], m, sorrel; 
 -gras[~~"], n, sedges; -graut[~~~], n, sour- 
 krout; -zkersch{~~~], f, sour (mahaleb) 
 cherry; -rambel[*~~~], m, sorrel. G Sauer- 
 ampfer. 
 
 saufe[~~], pp gsoffe, to drink (of animals), 
 drink to excess (of human beings). G 
 saufen. 
 
 sauferei[”"~*], f, drunkenness, debauch. G 
 Sauferei. 
 
 sauf || gichtre[~~~], pl, delirium tremens; 
 -lodel[~~~], m, confirmed drunkard. 
 
 sau || hund[~~], m, dirty scamp; -kopp[*~], 
 hog’s head, jowl. 
 
 saumselich[*~~], listless, dilatory. G saum- 
 selig. 
 
 sauwer[~~], clean, nice, tidy, clear of weeds; 
 completely. G sauber. 
 
 sauwerkeet[~~"], f, cleanliness, virtue. G 
 Sauberkeit. 
 
 sch!, sh! hush! G sch. 
 
 schab["], f, moth. G Schabe. 
 
 schabernack[*~~], m, trick, prank. G Scha- 
 bernack. 
 
 schachtel[*~], en alti, an old woman, an old 
 and worn-out cow. G Schachtel. 
 
 schack[~], m, shock (of grain). dG schochen; 
 probably from E shock. 
 
 schacke[*~], pp gschackt, to set up in shocks 
 (of grain). G schocken, but the word is 
 probably from the E. 
 
 schad[], es is, it isa pity. Gschade. 
 
 schade[~~], m, damage, injury, loss. G 
 Schaden. 
 schadefroh[*~"], malicious. G schadenfroh. 
 
 schademaul, schartemaul[*~"], n, 
 G Schartenmaul. 
 
 schadlos[~~], free from harm or loss. G 
 schadlos. 
 
 schaedel[*~], m, skull, skullbone. G Schadel. 
 
 schaedelhaut[*~"], f, pericranium. G Scha- 
 delhaut. 
 
 schaediche[*~™~], pp gschaedicht, to harm, in- 
 jure, damage. G schadigen. 
 
 schaedlich[~~], harmful, injurious, noxious. 
 G schadlich. 
 
 schaefel, schaefli[*~], n, lamb. Dims of G 
 Schaf. 
 
 harelip. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 schaefer[*~], m, shepherd. G Schafer. 
 
 schaelche[*~], n, saucer. dG schilche, schali. 
 
 schaele[*~], pp gschaelt, to pare, peel. G 
 schialen. 
 
 schael 5 _messer[~~~], n, paring-knife; -miehl- 
 che[~~~], n, apple-parer; -schtee*[*~], m, 
 hulling millstone. 
 
 schaep["|, m, sheaf. dG schaub. 
 
 scherb[~], f, sherd; pl scherwe, table crock- 
 ery, fragments of crockery or pottery. G 
 Scherbe. 
 
 scherfe[*~!, pp gscherft, 
 scharfen. 
 
 scheerfer[’~], sharper. 
 
 scherfscht[“], sharpest. G scharfst. 
 
 scherm[~], m, umbrella. G Schirm. 
 
 scherre[*~], pp gscherrt, to scratch, scrape, 
 do one’s best, hasten. G scharren. 
 
 scherwell[*~], f, old woman. dG scherwel. 
 
 scherz[~], m, joke, jest. G Scherz. 
 
 schaff || bank|’~], f, work bench; -dak[*"], m, 
 
 _ workday; -gleeder|* ~ a pl; working-clothes; 
 zleit|’], pl, working people; -mann[*~], m, 
 workman, laborer; -ochs[*~], m, ox broken 
 to work. 
 
 schaffe[*~], pp gschafft, to work, operate, 
 cultivate, do, answer, ferment; ausem wek 
 —, to put out of the way, get rid of; ich 
 weess was dich schafft, I know what irks 
 you; des schafft net, this won’t do; der 
 
 to sharpen. G 
 G scharfer. 
 
 seider schafft. G schaffen. 
 schaffich, scheffich[*~], industrious, busy. 
 dG schaffig 
 
 schaft[“], m, shaft, stock (of a gun), wooden 
 part of an old time rifle. G Schaft. Cf 
 scheft, gscheft. 
 sch4l["], f, paring, peel, rind, shell, skull, head. 
 Schale. 
 
 schal(e)wok[~~"], f, balance. GSchalenwage. 
 
 schalich[~~], shelly, in layers, scaly. 
 schalig. 
 
 schalk[~], schallack, schellicks[*~], m, rogue, 
 wag. G Schalk. 
 
 schalkheet[*"], f, cunning, roguery. G 
 Schalkheit. 
 
 schalkjohr[’ J], n, leap year. G Schaltjahr. 
 
 schall[~], m, sound, echo. Schall. 
 
 schallach[*~], n, scarlet fever. G Scharlach. 
 
 schallach || fiewer[’~*~], mn, scarlet fever; 
 efrissel[~~*~], n, scarlet rash. 
 
 schall || brett[*~], n, sounding board; -harn 
 [*~], n, speaking trumpet. 
 
 schalle[*™], pp gschallt, to sound, reverberate. 
 G schallen. 
 
 schalu[~*], cunning, clever. May be F chalu 
 =rogue, or a perversion of G schlau. 
 
 scham|"], f, modesty, shame. G Scham. 
 
 schamgraut[*"], n, wild sensitive plant. G 
 Schamkraut. 
 
 schampanjer[’~], m, champagne. G Cham- 
 pagner. 
 
 schan(d)[-], f, disgrace, shame, dishonor. G 
 Schande. 
 
 schandb4r[’"], shameful. G schandbar. 
 
 schandbarlich[~*~], shamefully. G schand- 
 bar +lich. 
 
 131 
 
 schandeshalwer[*~~~], to avoid disgrace, for 
 appearances’ sake. G Schande +halber. 
 
 schand || fleck[’ “], f, blemish, slander, dis- 
 grace; -wese[*~~], n, scandalous affair. 
 
 schandlich[*~], shameful, disgraceful. G 
 schandlich. 
 
 schandlos(ich)[*~~], shameless. G Schand + 
 los +ig. 
 
 schank[~], m, cupboard. dG schank, G 
 Schrank. 
 
 schar["], n, (plow)share. G Schar <scheren. 
 
 schar["], f, crowd, multitude. G Schar. 
 
 scharbock[*~], m, scurvy. G Scharbock. 
 
 scharf|~], scharref[’ “], sharp, biting, strong, 
 brisk, shrewd, strict. G scharf. 
 
 scharf I ajich[*~~], hawkeyed; -seit[*"], f, 
 (cutting) edge; -sichtich[*~~], sharp-eyed, 
 sagacious; -sinn[’~], m, sagacity; -sinnich 
 [*~~], shrewd. 
 
 scharmant[~*], schiermand|~*], elegant, fine, 
 beautiful, very good. G and F charmant. 
 
 scharnschderuss|° © “|, flower-of-tan (plant). 
 
 scharnschtee*[*~], scharnschde, schannschde 
 [*~], m, chimney. G Schornstein. 
 
 scharnschtee~ || fejer[*""~], m, chimney- 
 sweep; -loch[*”~~], n, pipe-hole into a 
 chimney. 
 
 scharz, schatz[“], m, apron. G Schurz. 
 
 scharz || bendel[*~~], m, apron-string; -fell 
 *~], n, leather apron. 
 schatte, ’ schadde[’ “], m, shade, shadow. G 
 Schatten. 
 schatte[*~], pp gschatt, nix, (to do) no harm, 
 no matter; es schatt ihm nix, it serves him 
 right; batt’s nix, so schatt’s nix, no harm in 
 trying. Gschaden. 
 
 schatte || bam[*~], m, shade-tree; -bild[*~™], 
 n, shadow picture; -seit[*~"], f, shady side. 
 
 schattich[*~], shady. G schattig. 
 
 schatz|“], m, treasure, sweetheart. G Schatz. 
 
 schatz || kammer[*~~], f, treasury; -meesch- 
 der[’ ~~], m, treasurer. 
 
 schauder[*~], m, shiver, horror. G Schauder. 
 
 schaudere[~~~], pp gschaudert, to shudder, 
 
 shiver. G schaudern. 
 schauderhaft(ich)[“~~~], terrible, frightful, 
 shocking. Gschauderhaft +ig. 
 schauderlich, schauer(lich[-“‘j, dreadful, 
 shuddering. G schauerlich. 
 schauer[~*~], m, shower. G Schauer. 
 
 schauere[~~~], pp gschauert, to shower. G 
 
 schauern. 
 schaufel[*~], f, scoop-shovel. G Schaufel. 
 schaufeleek[~~"], f, cultivator. G Schaufel + 
 
 gge. 
 
 schaufle[*~], pp gschaufelt, to shovel, culti- 
 vate, eat rapidly. G schaufeln. 
 
 schaum, schém["], m, foam, scum, froth. G 
 Schaum. 
 
 schaume, schame[~~], pp gschaumt, to foam, 
 froth. G schaumen. 
 
 schaumich, schamich[*~], foamy, 
 covered with foam. G schaumig. 
 
 schaum || kuche[“~~], m, pastry dough with 
 meringue covering baked in shape of a pie; 
 zleffel[~~~], m, skimming ladle. 
 
 frothy, 
 
132 
 
 schfwe[~~], 
 schaben. 
 
 scheck["], f, spotted cow. dG scheck, G 
 scheckig. 
 
 scheckich[*~], spotted, dappled, 
 piebald. G scheckig. 
 
 schee*[], beautiful, pretty; bleib — sitze, 
 don’t move; danki —, thank-you. G 
 schon. 
 
 scheech{"], pale, terrified. MHG schiech. 
 
 scheeche[~~], pp gscheecht, to drive away, 
 chase away: dihinkel—. Gscheuchen. 
 
 scheed[], f, sheath, scabbard, case. G 
 Scheide. 
 
 scheede[~~], pp gscheede, to separate, divorce; 
 sie sin gscheede, they are divorced; en 
 gscheedni fra, a grass-widow. G scheiden. 
 
 scheedebrief[*~"], m, decree of separation or 
 divorce. G Scheidebrief. 
 
 scheedel[*~], m, part in the hair. G Scheitel. 
 
 scheedle[*~], pp gscheedelt, to part (the hair). 
 G scheiteln. 
 
 scheedwasser([~~™~], n, nitricacid. GScheide- 
 wasser. 
 
 schee“heet[*~], f, beauty. G Schdnheit. 
 
 scheel["], blind in one eye. G scheel. 
 
 scheel["], spotted: des du ich net farn -i 
 kuh. dG schel. 
 
 scheffer[*~], m, workman, industrious person. 
 dG schaffer, schaffer. 
 
 scheft[“], n, stock of a gun. G Schaft. Cf 
 schaft, gscheft. 
 
 schei["], wig G scheu. 
 
 pp gschabt, to scrape. G 
 
 variegated, 
 
 scheib["], f, pane of glass, disc, target. G 
 Scheibe. 
 
 scheide[*~], to part, separate. G scheiden. 
 Cf scheede. 
 
 scheideckel[*~~], m, eyelid, blinker. G scheu 
 +Deckel. 
 schei*dot[~~], seemingly dead. G scheintot. 
 scheie[~~], pp gscheit, to shy, be frightened; 
 sich —, to be afraid, fear, shrink from. G 
 scheuen. 
 scheier[~~], f, barn. G Scheuer, Scheune. 
 scheier || besem[*~~~], m, barn-broom; -brick 
 {*~~], f, approach to the threshing-floor of a 
 bank-barn; -bruder[~~~~], m, Knight of the 
 Golden Circle (of Civil War _ times); 
 -dach|*~~], n, barn-roof; -denn[{*~~], f, 
 threshing floor; -dor[*~"], n, barn-door; 
 chof[*~~], m, barnyard. 
 scheiere[*~~], pp _ gscheiert, 
 scheuern. 
 schei*heilich[*~~], hypocritical. 
 heilig. 
 schei*heilicher(*~~~], m, 
 schei*heilic eet[“"~*], ; crisy. G 
 Scheinheiligkeit. bere 
 scheiledder{[*~~], n, blinker. G Scheuleder. 
 schein["], m, appearance, glitter, glare. G 
 Schein. 
 scheinbar[*~], plausible, specious; seemingly, 
 ostensibly, apparently. G scheinbar. 
 peg airs a “], evidently. G scheinbar + 
 ich, 
 
 to scour. G 
 G_schein- 
 
 hypocrite. G 
 
 The Pennsylvania German Society 
 
 scheine[~~], pp gscheint, to shine, seem, ap- 
 pear, glitter. G scheinen. 
 
 scheins[], it would seem, apparently. G 
 scheint’s. 
 
 scheiss || dreck[*~], m, turd; des geht dich 
 ken — 4°, that is none of your business; 
 -hoke[~ ~~, m, hock (of animals). 
 
 scheisse[*~], pp gschisse, to shit, void the 
 bowels; ich scheiss der druff, I don’t give a 
 hang for what you say. G scheissen. 
 
 scheissich[*~], insignificant, failing to meet 
 expectations. G scheissig. 
 
 scheisslich[*~], terrible, abhorrent. G 
 scheusslich. 
 
 schelle[*~], pp gschellt, to sound, ring; des 
 hott awwer gschellt, there was some row. 
 G schellen. 
 
 schell(e)graut[*~"], scheelgraut[~~], n, celan- 
 
 dine. G Schellkraut. 
 schelm[~], schellem[*~], m, rogue, knave; 
 grick’s der —, the deuce take it. GSchelm. 
 
 schelmerei[’~*], f, roguery, 
 Schelmerei. 
 
 schelmlied[**], n, roguish song. G Schel- 
 menlied. 
 
 schelte[*~], pp gscholte, to scold, reprimand. 
 G schelten. 
 
 schemel[*~], m, bolster (of a wagon), trestle, 
 frame on which a log lies in sawing, piece 
 of land plowed by making either all right 
 or all left turns. G Schemel. 
 
 schemelnajjel[“~~~~], m, bolster-pin. G 
 Schemel + Nagel. 
 
 schemme[*”], pp gschemmt, sich, to be 
 ashamed, blush; schemm dich, shame on 
 you. G ‘schamen. 
 
 schende[*~], pp gschendt, to ravish, violate. 
 
 schanden. 
 
 schender[’~], m, ravisher. G Schander. 
 
 schendlich[*~], shameful, disgraceful, pitiful. 
 G schandlich. 
 
 schenkdasche[~*~], f, present. dG schenkasch 
 <G schenk+F -age. 
 
 schenke[*~], pp gschenkt, to make a present. 
 G schenken. 
 
 schenkel[*~], m, thigh, leg. G Schenkel. 
 
 schenkelgnoche[*~~~], m, thighbone. G 
 Schenkelknochen. 
 
 schenker[*~], m, donor. G Schenker. 
 
 schenkung[’~], f, donation. G Schenkung. 
 
 schenner[*~], more beautiful. G schéner. 
 
 schenscht[“], most beautiful. G schénst. 
 
 schepfer[*~], m, creator. G Schdépfer. 
 
 schepfung[*~], f, creation. G Schépfung. 
 
 schepp["], not straight, wry, lopsided; nie- 
 mand en — wart gewwe, never to utter a 
 cross word. dG schebb, G schief. 
 
 schepp || bool[*~], f, dipper; -kiwwel[*~~], m, 
 pail; -leffel[*~~], m, ladle. 
 
 scheppe[*~], pp gscheppt, to dip, shovel. G 
 schépfen. 
 
 schepper[*~], m, dipper. G Schépfer. 
 
 synced “],n, wry mouth. dG schebb+ 
 maul. 
 
 scheppmeilich[*~~], wry-mouthed, sarcastic. 
 dG schebb +miaulig. 
 
 villainy. G 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 scher[7], f, 
 Schere. 
 schere[~~], pp gschore, to shear, clip; scher 
 
 dich! be off! G scheren. 
 schetze[*~], pp gschetzt, to value, appraise, 
 estimate, consider, prize. G schatzen. 
 schetzel[*~], n, sweetheart. Dim of G Schatz. 
 
 (pair of) scissors, shears. G 
 
 schetzung[*~], f, valuation, estimate. G 
 Schatzung. 
 
 schewing{[~~], m, chewink. Imitative of 
 sound.j 
 
 schewwetzich, schiwwitzich[*~~], scabrous, 
 
 bungled, imperfect, crooked, awry. dG 
 schawezig =E scabby. 
 
 schichter[*~], schichterich[*~~], shy, timid. G 
 schiichtern. 
 
 schicke[*~], pp gschickt, to send; sich —, to 
 adapt oneself, be convenient; es — mache, 
 to make it convenient. G schicken. 
 
 schickelche[*~~], n, small shoe. Double dim 
 of G Schuh. 
 
 emenen “], convenient, suitable. G shick- 
 ich. 
 
 schicklichkeet[*~~], f, tact. G Schicklichkeit. 
 
 schicksal[*~], n, fate, doom. G Schicksal. 
 
 schieb || bettlaedche[*~~~], n, trundlebed; 
 -fenschder[~~~], n, sash-window. 
 
 schiele[~™~], pp gschielt, tosquint. Gschielen. 
 
 schiene[*~], f, splint (used in making baskets, 
 brooms and chair-seats); pl, rails (of a 
 
 railroad). GSchiene. . 
 schiene || besem[*~~~], m, hickory splint 
 broom; -karb[~~~], m,_ splint basket; 
 -schtuhl[*~~], m, chair with splint seat. 
 schier([7], almost, nearly; — gar, — g4rli, very 
 nearly. G schier. 
 
 schiere, schere[~~], pp gschiert, to stir, urge. 
 G schiiren. 
 
 schiess || bawoll[*~~], f, gun-cotton; -brijjel 
 {~~~], m, fowling-piece, gun; -gewehr[~~"], 
 n, gun, shooting iron; -pulwer[*~~], n, 
 gun-powder; -kolwe[*~~], m, blunderbuss. 
 
 schiesse[~~], pp gschosse, to shoot, blast, 
 move fast, run to seed; der bock —, to do 
 wonders (sarcastically). G schiessen. 
 
 schiewe!*~], pp gschowe, to shove, push. G 
 schieben. 
 
 schiewer[~~], m, drawer, sliding bolt of a 
 door, slide. G Schieber. 
 
 schiewerli[~~~], n, trundlebed. Dim of G 
 Schieber. 
 
 schiff[“], n, ship, vessel. G Schiff. 
 
 schiffahrt[*~], f, navigation. G Schiffahrt. 
 
 schiff || bruch[*~], m, shipwreck; -leit[{*"], pl, 
 crew (of a vessel); -mann[*™], m, sailor. 
 
 seine m, weaver’s shuttle. G Schiff- 
 chen. 
 schiffer[*~], m, skipper. G Schiffer. 
 
 schiffsboot[*~], n, launch. G Schiffsboot. 
 
 schild[~], n, shield, sign. G Schild, 
 
 schild || graut[*"], n, skullcap; -poschde[*~™], 
 m, sign post. 
 
 schilkse[*~], pp gschilkst, to cast stolen 
 glances. dG schilkse. 
 
 schillgrott[*~], f, tortoise, turtle. G Schild- 
 krote. 
 
 133 
 
 schillgrottebletter[*~~~~], pl, yellow pond lily. 
 G Schildkréten +Blatter. 
 
 schilling[*~], m, shilling. G Schilling. 
 
 schillscheit, sillscheit[*~], n, single-tree. dG 
 silscheit. 
 
 schimmel[*~], m, a white horse with small 
 black specks, mould. G Schimmel. 
 
 schimm(e)lich[*~~], mouldy. G schimmelig. 
 
 schimmere[*~~], pp gschimmert, to glimmer, 
 shine. G schimmern. 
 
 schimmerich[*~~], shimmering. G_ schim- 
 mernd. 
 schimp[~], m, disgrace, dishonor: en — un 
 
 schand. G Schimpf. 
 
 schimpe[*~], pp gschimpt, to abuse, defame, 
 disgrace. G schimpfen. 
 
 schimplich[*~], schimperlich[*~~], shameful, 
 ignominious. G schimpflich. 
 
 schimpname[*~~], m, nickname, opprobrious 
 epithet. G Schimpfname. 
 
 schindel[*~], f, shingle, splint for setting bones. 
 G Schindel. 
 
 schindel || dach[*~™], n, shingle-roof; -decker 
 [*~~~], m, shingle roofer, petty faultfinder; 
 -macher|*~~~], m, shingle-maker; -najjel 
 *~~™~1, m, shingle-nail. 
 
 schindle[*~], pp gschindelt, to shingle, apply 
 splints (to a broken bone). G schindeln. 
 
 schindmerr[’~], f, jade. G Schindmahre. 
 
 schinnbee*[*"], n, shin(-bone). G Schien- 
 
 bein. 
 
 schinnbloder[* ~~], f, contusion. G schinden 
 +Blatter. 
 
 schinne[’~]. pp gschunne, to flay, overwork, 
 oppress, skimp, be careless (in doing some- 
 thing). Gschinden. 
 
 schinner[*~], m, scavenger, oppressor, deuce; 
 beim —, by golly. G Schinder. 
 
 schinnerei[~~~], f, drudgery. G Schinderei. 
 
 schinnerhannes|[*~~™~], m, term of opprobrium. 
 G Schinder +Hannes. 
 
 schinners[*~], deucedly. Adv from schinner. 
 
 schinnluder|*~~], n, scamp. G Schinluder. 
 
 schinnoos[*"], n, carrion, vituperative term. 
 G Schindaas. 
 
 schipp|“], f, shovel, scoop, spade (of cards); 
 — un schtiel, the whole business =dG stibb 
 un stil. G Schiippe. 
 
 schippche[*~], n; en — mache, to hang the lip, 
 pout. Dim of G Schiippe. 
 
 schippe[*~], pl, scales of a fish, dandruff. G 
 
 uppen. 
 schippelche, schippeli[*~~],n,lamb. Probably 
 G dims of E sheep. 
 schippemaul[*~"}], n; en — mache, to hang 
 
 the lip, pout. G Schiippe+dG maul. Cf 
 schippche. 
 schippe || sau[’~"], f, ace of spades; -siw- 
 
 weter|~~*~~], m, four-flusher. 
 schippich[*~], scaly. G schuppig. 
 schippich[*~] gucke, to look sheepish. Proba- 
 bly from E sheepish. 
 schirm[~], m, protection. G Schirm. 
 schiss[~], m, excrementum, speck (of flies), 
 trivial matter. G Schiss. 
 schissel{*~], f, dish, bowl. G Schiissel. 
 
134 
 schisser[’~], m, youngster, shaver. G Schiss. 
 schitte[*~], pp gschitt, to pour. G schiitten. 
 
 schittelgawwel|’~~~], f, wooden fork used for 
 shaking out straw from behind the thresher. 
 G Schiittel +Gabel. 
 
 schittle[*~], pp gschittelt, to shake, shiver. G 
 schiitteln. 
 
 schittler[’~], m, shaker of a threshing machine. 
 G Schiittler. 
 
 schitz[“], m, marksman, gunner, hunter, (S-) 
 Sagittarius (sign of the zodiac). G Schiitze. 
 
 schitze[‘~], pp gschitzt, to protect. G 
 schiitzen. 
 
 schiwwel[*~], m, chunk, lump. dG schilbe, 
 schiibel. 
 
 schiwwer[*~], m, piece of slate or shale; -e, pl, 
 shale (formation). dG schiffer, G Schiefer. 
 
 schiwwerich, schifferich[*~~], slaty, shaly, 
 gravelly, gray, slate-colored, speckled. 
 Adj from schiwwer. 
 
 schiwwerschtee™, schifferschtee*[*~], m, 
 slate, shale. G Schieferstein. 
 
 schiwwerschteenich, schifferschteenich[*~ ~~], 
 slaty, shaly, speckled, barred (like Barred 
 Plymouth Rock fowls); in last two mean- 
 ings also heard as siwwerschteenich. G 
 Schieferstein +ig. 
 
 schklav, kschlav["|, n, slave. G Sklav. 
 
 schklave, kschlave[~~], pp kschlavt, to slave. 
 Verb from schklav. 
 
 schklaverei, kschlaverei["~*], f, slavery. G 
 Sklaverei. 
 
 schlachde[*™}, pp gschlacht, to butcher, kill. 
 G schlachten. 
 
 schlacht/~], f, battle. G Schlacht. 
 
 schlacht || dak[*"], m, butchering day; -haus 
 [*"], n, slaughter-house; -vieh[*], n, cattle 
 fattened for slaughtering; -zeit[*"], f, 
 butchering season (December). 
 
 schlachtich[*™], streaky, streaked. 
 
 schlack[~], m, slight blow, slap, whack, dab, 
 paralysis, apoplexy, kind, tribe, family, 
 variety. G Schlag. 
 
 schlaefer[~~], m, sleeper. G Schlafer. 
 
 schlaefrich[~~], sleepy, drowsy, dull. G 
 
 G Schlager. 
 
 schlafrig. 
 schlaejer|~~], m, striker, fighter. 
 schlaejerei{"~*], f, fight. G Schlagerei. 
 schlaek["], pl, whipping, flogging. G Schlage. 
 schlerbse[*~], pp gschlerbst, to eat with a 
 smacking sound. dG schlorbse, G schliir- 
 
 en. 
 
 schlaff[“], slack. G schlaff. 
 
 schlajje[*~], pp gschlajje, to strike, kick (of a 
 horse), break (an egg in a dish), beat (of 
 rain); gejenanner —,toclash. Gschlagen. 
 
 schlamm|*], m, mud, slime, mire. G 
 Schlamm. 
 schlamp[~], f, sloven. G Schlampe. 
 
 schlampich[*~], slovenly. G schlampig. 
 
 schlams["], sloping, slanting. dG schlams. 
 
 schlamse|*~], pp gschlamst, to slope, slant. 
 dG schlamse. 
 
 schlang[~], f, snake, worm (in distilling appa- 
 ratus); der hinnerscht hott di — im hut, 
 
 The Pennsylvania German Society 
 
 last line of several stanzas which were sung 
 to the rhythm of whetting the scythes; a 
 person was said to have di — im hut when 
 he had indulged too freely in the bottle and 
 so fell behind in the line of mowers. G 
 Schlange. 
 
 schlange || biss[*~~], m, snake bite; -dokter 
 [~~~], m, dragon-fly, devil’s darning needle; 
 zhaut[*~"], f, snake’s skin; -hieter[*~~~], 
 m, dragon-fly; -warzel[*~~~], f, snakeroot; 
 gleeni, niddri —, Virginia snakeroot; grossi, 
 hochi, schwarzi —, black cohosh. 
 
 schlank[~], slender, svelte. G schlank. 
 
 schlapp|”], f, untidy woman, swill. Gschlapp. 
 
 schlappe[’~], pp gschlappt, to slop. Probably 
 from E slop, as may be the noun schlapp 
 (swill). dG schlappe. 
 
 schlappe[*~], pp gschlappt; es maul —, to 
 drop or lower the lip. G schlappen = 
 schlaffen. 
 
 schlappes[*~], m, 
 Schlapps. 
 
 schlapp || eemer[*~~], m, slop bucket; -fies- 
 sich[*~~], walking in a slovenly manner; 
 -fuss[*"], m, slovenly walker; -hut[*"], m, 
 sunbonnet, soft felt man’s hat; -maul[* 7], 
 n, hang-lip, flytrap (facetious). 
 
 schlappich[*~], untidy. G schlappig. 
 
 schlaraffegsicht[“’~~], n, mask. G Schlaraf- 
 fengesicht. Cf raffelgsicht, schnarraffel- 
 gsicht. 
 
 schlarre[*~], big morsel, large piece (of bread, 
 etc.). Variant of schmarre. 
 
 schlau[], sly, cunning, of a pleasing sensation 
 
 slovenly person. G 
 
 (mostly in a vulgar sense). G schlau. 
 schlauch["], m, sheath (of a horse). G 
 Schlauch. 
 schlauder[~~], n, same old story. dG 
 schlaudere. Cf gschlauder. 
 
 schlawwer || duch[*~~], n, bib; -maul[*~"], n, 
 person who slobbers, person who speaks 
 sputteringly. dGschlawwermaul. 
 
 schlawwere[*~~], pp gschlawwert, to slobber. 
 dG schlawwre. 
 
 schlawwerich[*~~], slobbering. Adj 
 
 G schlechtest. 
 
 schlawwere. 
 
 schlechscht[~], worst. 
 
 schlecht[], bad, wicked, poorly; en -i, a bad 
 woman or girl. G schlecht. 
 
 schlechter[*~], worse. G schlechter. 
 
 schlechtguckich[*~~], bad-looking. Gschlecht 
 +guck+ig <E bad-looking. 
 
 schlechtichkeet[*~"], f, badness, meanness, 
 wickedness. G Schlechtigkeit. 
 
 schleck[“], m, a taste, lick, a little bit. G 
 Schleck. 
 
 schlecke[*™], pp gschleckt, to lick. Gschleck- 
 
 from 
 
 en. 
 schleckerei[-~*], f, dainties, sweets. G 
 
 Schleckerei. 
 
 schleckerwese[*~ ~~], n, sweets. G Schlecker 
 +Wesen. 
 
 schleef["], f, sledge (on runners). G Schleife. 
 
 schleefe[~~], pp gschleeft, to drag. G 
 schleifen. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 schleef || garn[~~], n, seine, drag-net; -reche 
 {*~~], m, drag-rake. 
 
 schleffelwetter[* ~~~], n, thawing weather. 
 
 schleffle[*~], pp gschleffelt, to thaw, melt. 
 dG schaffle <G schaffen. 
 
 schleich["], f, slow-poke, sneaking person. G 
 Schleiche. 
 
 schleiche[~~], pp gschliche, to sneak, slink, 
 walk stealthily, walk slowly. Gschleichen. 
 
 schleicher[~~], m, noiseless fart. G Schlei- 
 cher. 
 
 schleier[*~], m, mourning veil. G Schleier. 
 
 schleife[~~], pp gschliffe, to slide, skate, grind. 
 G schleifen. 
 
 schleife[~~], pp gschleift, to drag. G schlei- 
 en. Cf schleefe. 
 
 schleifschtee*[*"], m, grindstone. G Schleif- 
 stein. 
 
 schleim["], m, slime, mucus, mucilage. G 
 Schleim. 
 
 schleimich[*~], mucilaginous. G 
 schleimig. 
 
 schlejjel[*~], m, (stone-)sledge. G Schlegel. 
 
 schlejjele[*~~], pp gschlejjelt, to use a sledge, 
 kick, struggle. G schlegeln. 
 
 schlendere[*~~], pp gschlendert, 
 about, idle. G schlendern. 
 
 schlenk[”], f, sling, thumb-latch. dGschlenk. 
 
 schlenkere[’ ~ “], pp gschlenkert, to swing, 
 
 slimy, 
 
 to gawk 
 
 fling: di erm —. G schlenkern. 
 schlenkerich[*~~], loose-jointed, swinging. G 
 schlenkerig. 
 schleppche[*~], n, small load. Dim of G 
 Schleppe. 
 
 schleppe[*~], pp gschleppt, to carry a heavy 
 load, drag, snare game. G schleppen. 
 
 schleppschlecker[*~~], m, sycophant. G 
 Schleppe +Schlecker. 
 
 schlicht|“], simple. G schlicht. 
 
 schlichtel*~], pp gschlicht, to settle, adjust a 
 quarrel. G schlichten. 
 
 schlicht || hols[*~], n, shoemaker’s sleeking 
 stick; -=howwel[*~~], f, smoothing plane. 
 
 schlickser[* riot; hiccough. dG schlickser. 
 
 schlicksere[*~~], pp gschlicksert, to hiccough. 
 dG schlickse. 
 
 schlicksergramp[*~~], m, hysteria. dG 
 
 dG schlier. 
 
 schlickser +G Krampf 
 
 schlier["], m, abscess, carbuncle. 
 
 schliess["], f, key, counterpin, lockgate (of a 
 dam), lock (of a canal). G Schliesse. 
 
 schliesse[~~], pp gschlosse, to lock, conclude. 
 G schliessen. 
 
 schliesslich[*~], in conclusion. G schliesslich. 
 
 schliffel[’~], m, big stout fellow, rowdy. dG 
 schliffel. 
 
 schliffelmiehl[*~"], f, carousel, merry-go- 
 round (JMH). dG schliffel +G Miihle. 
 
 schlimm[~], bad, sad, serious, very ill. G 
 schlimm. 
 
 schlimmer[‘*~], worse. G schlimmer. 
 
 schlimmscht[~], worst. G schlimmst. 
 
 schling[~], f, sling, hot-punch. G Schlinge. 
 
 schlingel[* “1; m, awkward fellow, rogue. 
 Schlingel. 
 
 135 
 
 schlippe[*~], pp gschlippt, to slip, steal, snare 
 game. Gschliipfen. 
 
 schlipperich[*~~], schlippich[*™], slippery. G 
 schliipferig. 
 
 schlipp schlapp[~~], imitative of the splashing 
 sound of a water-wheel. Gschlipp schlapp. 
 
 schlissel[*~], m, key. G Schliissel. 
 
 schlissel || blettche[*~~~], n, keyhole guard; 
 -blumm|[’~™~], f, primrose; hyacinth; -loch 
 [*~~], n, key-hole; -ring[*~~], m, key-ring. 
 
 schlitte[* “ m, sled, sleigh. G Schlitten. 
 
 schlitte || bah~ ay f, sleighing; -bell[*~~], 
 f, sleigh-bell; -fahre|[’ ~~~], n, sleigh-riding; 
 elaefer[’ ~~~], m, runner of a sleigh. 
 
 schlitz[“], m, slit, tear, hole, placket. G 
 Schlitz. 
 
 schlitzohrich[* ~~], sly, artful, mischievous. G 
 schlitz +-ohrig. 
 
 schliwwer[’~], m, f, splinter, jag. dG schliw- 
 wer. 
 
 schliwwere[*~~], pp gschliwwert, to splinter; 
 es — losse, to break loose, let ’er go. dG 
 schliwwere. 
 
 schliwwerich[’ ~~], 
 schliwwerig. 
 
 schlodere[~~~], schlodle[~~], pp gschlodert, to 
 dawdle, shamble. G schleudern. 
 
 schlof["], m, sleep, temple. G Schlaf. 
 
 schlof || bank[~~], f, bunk; -droppe[*~~], pl, 
 soporific, opiate; -kammer[~ ~~], f, bed- 
 room; -kapp[~~], f, pekdane a zkopp[~~], m 
 sleepy-head; = erad[~~~ 7], m,_ bed- 
 
 splintery, rascally. dG 
 
 fellow; ‘leis[~ "], pl, sandman, sleepiness. 
 Schlaflause; -mittel[“~~], n, opiate; 
 -schtubb[~~], f, bedroom. 
 
 schlofe[~~], pp gschlofe, to sleep, be asleep. 
 
 G schlafen. 
 schlooss["], f, hailstone. G Schlosse. 
 
 schloosse[~ “J, pp gschloosst, to hail. G 
 schlossen. 
 
 schloossewetter[~~~~], n, hail-storm. G 
 Schlossen + Wetter. 
 
 schloss[~], n, lock. G Schloss. 
 
 schlosser[*~], m, locksmith. G Schlosser. 
 
 schlott[“], f, onion top. G Schlotte. 
 
 schlotterfuss[*~"], m, person walking with a 
 shambling gait. G Schlotter +Fuss. 
 
 schluchze[*~], pp gschluchzt, to sob, sigh. G 
 schluchzen. 
 
 schluck[-], m, swallow, mouthful. GSchluck. 
 
 schlucke[*~], pp gschluckt, to swallow. G 
 schlucken. 
 
 schlucker[*~], m, throat; armer —, poor devil. 
 G Schlucker. 
 
 schluckerli[*~~], n, Dim of G 
 Schlucker. 
 
 schluckser[*~], m, schluckse[*~], n, hiccough. 
 G schlucksen. 
 
 schlummer|[*~], m, slumber, doze. G Schlum- 
 mer. 
 
 schlummre[*~], pp gschlummert, to slumber, 
 
 throat. 
 
 doze. G huengeeen gts 
 schlump["], f, slattern. G Schlumpe. 
 schlumpich, schlumsich[*~], slatternly. G 
 
 schlumpig, schlumpfsen. 
 
136 
 
 schlund|~], m, throat, gullet. G Schlund. 
 
 schlupp[~], m, loop, noose, bow. G Schlupf. 
 
 schluppe[*~], pp gschluppt, to creep, crawl. 
 
 schlupfen. 
 
 schlupploch{*~], n, hole, hole to creep out 
 through, loop- -hole. G Schlupfloch. 
 
 schlurri|*~], schluri[*~], m, good-for-nothing 
 fellow. dG schluri. 
 
 schluss[~], m, end, conclusion. G Schluss. 
 
 schlusslied[*~], n, closing hymn. G Schluss- 
 lied. 
 
 schlutzer[’~], m, baby’s pacifier. dG schlozer. 
 
 schmachte[*~], pp gschmacht, to languish. G 
 schmachten. 
 
 schmacke[*~], pp gschmackt, to taste, smell; 
 en ratt —, tosmella rat; der schmittschapp 
 schmackt, the blacksmith shop smells (of 
 burning hoof). G schmacken. 
 
 schmackhaft/*~], palatable, 
 savory. G schmackhaft. 
 
 schmackweerscht|[*~], m, person who tasted the 
 
 . sausage-meat for condiments. G Schmack 
 +Wurst. 
 
 schmaehe[~~], pp gschmaeht, to taunt, revile. 
 G schmahen. 
 
 schmerze[*~], pl, pain. G Schmerzen. 
 
 schmerze|’~], pp gschmerzt, to pain, cause 
 pain. G schmerzen. 
 
 schmerzhaft[*~], sore, painful. 
 haft. 
 
 schmeerzlich[*~], painful. G schmerzlich. 
 
 schmal["], narrow. G schmal. 
 
 schmAler[{*~], m, drink of whiskey. Gschmal. 
 
 schmals[~], n, lard. G Schmalz. 
 
 schmals || bress[*~], f, lard-press; 
 [*~~], m, lard can. 
 
 schmarotzerei[’ ~~~], f, parasitism. GSchma- 
 rotzerei. 
 
 schmarre[*~], m, slash, cut. G Schmarre. 
 
 schmatz, schmutz[”], m, smack, hearty kiss. 
 G Schmatz. 
 
 schmatze[*~], pp gschmatzt, to smack, make 
 a smacking sound, eat or taste with a 
 smacking sound. G schmatzen. 
 
 schmaus["], m, feast. G Schmaus. 
 
 schmause[~~], pp gschmaust, to feast, revel. 
 G schmausen. 
 
 schmauserei[”~*], f, debauch. G Schmause- 
 rei. 
 
 schmecke[*™], pp gschmeckt, to taste, smell; 
 schmeckt’s? enjoying your meal? G 
 schmecken. 
 
 schmeechle[~~], pp gschmeechelt, to flatter, 
 fawn upon, pet. G schmeicheln. 
 
 schmeechler[*~], m, flatterer. G Schmeichler. 
 
 schmeechlich[*~], insinuating, flattering. G 
 schmeichlerisch. 
 
 (fly). G 
 
 schmeessmick[*~], f, bluebottle 
 hmeissfliege. 
 
 schmeichlerei, schmeichelei{[~~*], f, flattery. 
 G Schmeichelei. 
 
 schmeisse[*~], pp gschmisse, to throw; sich 
 —, to fall when entangled (especially of 
 horses). dG schmeissen. 
 
 schmeissgarn(*"], nn,  casting-net. dG 
 schmeiss +G Garn. 
 
 toothsome, 
 
 G schmerz- 
 
 -schtenner 
 
 The Pennsylvania German Soctety 
 
 schmelme, schwelme[*~], applied to several 
 varieties of grass. hmele. 
 
 schmelse[*~], pp gschmolse, to melt. G 
 schmelzen. 
 
 schmelsoffe[*~~], m, iron furnace, ore smelter. 
 G Schmelzofen. 
 
 schmetterling[*~~], m, butterfly (rare). G 
 Schmetterling 
 
 schmicke[*~], pp gschmickt, to adorn. G 
 schmiicken. 
 
 schmier[], f, grease, salve, ointment; di gans 
 —., the whole business. G Schmiere. 
 
 schmiere[*~], pp gschmiert, to smear, daub, 
 lubricate, rub with ointment, spread some- 
 thing on bread, pay, bribe, blarney. G 
 schmieren. 
 
 schmiererei["~*], f, any (long continued) 
 smeary or greasy work, doctoring, mixed up 
 affair. G Schmiererei. 
 
 schmierich[*~], smeary, sticky, miry, muddy. 
 G schmierig. 
 
 schmier || kaes[~"], m, cottage cheese; -kann 
 [" “], f, oil-can; -seef[~~], f, soft soap; -wese 
 
 “], MN, Smeary or greasy work. 
 
 schmitt[‘], m, smith. G Schmied. 
 
 schmitte[‘~], pp gschmitt, to carry on the 
 blacksmith’s trade; en gschmittner najjel, 
 a forged nail. G schmieden. 
 
 schmitt || hammer[*~~], m, blacksmith’s ham- 
 
 mer; -zerkel[*~~], m, calipers; -zang[*~], i, 
 blacksmith’s tongs. 
 schmodich, schmudich[*~], sultry. dG 
 
 schmodig, schmudig. 
 schmore[~~], to stew, fry. G schmoren. 
 schmotterich[*~~], sultry. dG schmurerig. 
 schmuggle[*~], pp gschmuggelt, to cheat. G 
 schmuggeln. 
 schmunsle[*~], pp gschmunselt, to smile. G 
 schmunzeln. 
 schmunslich[*~], smiling. Adj from schmuns- 
 
 e. 
 
 schmutz[”], m, grease, dirt, filth. G Schmutz. 
 
 schmutz || amschel[*~~], f, fat light; -blacke 
 [*~~], m, grease spot; «licht[*~], n, fat light. 
 
 schmutze[*~], pp gschmutzt, to grease. G 
 schmutzen. 
 
 schmutze[*~], pp gschmutzt, to kiss. dG 
 schmutze =schmatze. 
 
 schmutzich[*~], greasy, dirty, filthy, muddy, 
 smutty, sordid. G schmutzig. 
 
 schnack[~], well-fitting (of clothes), well- 
 shaped (of girls). dG schnack. 
 
 schnackerich, schneckerich[’ ~~], slender, slim. 
 dG schnack. 
 
 schnerkel[*~], m, joke, funny saying. G 
 Schnorkel. 
 
 schnerr[~], m, jerk; f, jerky young woman. 
 dG schnerr. 
 
 schnerre[*~], pp gschnerrt, to jerk, convey in 
 arig dG schnerre. 
 
 schneerr || fiessich[*~~], spring-halted; 
 [*~~], m, humming bird. 
 
 schnall[-], f, buckle. G Schnalle. 
 
 schnalle[*~], pp gschnallt, to buckle. G 
 schnallen. 
 
 schnapp[’], f, snap. G Schnappe. 
 
 -vojjel 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 schnappe[’~], Pp gschnappt, to snap, limp, 
 nod; noch luft —, to gasp. G schnappen. 
 
 schnapp || galje[*~~], m, lever-pump; -sack 
 [*~], m, knapsack. 
 
 schnaps[’], m, spirits (whiskey or gin), a 
 drink of whiskey: en -—- nemme. 
 Schnaps. 
 
 schnapse[*~], pp gschnapst, to drink spirits. 
 G schnapsen. 
 
 schnarraffelgsicht[-*~~], n, false face, mask; 
 also used contemptuously of a human face. 
 G Schlaraffengesicht. Cf schlaraffegsicht, 
 raffelgsicht. 
 
 schnarrbart[*~], m, moustache. G Schnurr- 
 
 art. 
 
 schnarre[*~], pp gschnarrt, to snarl, speak 
 gruffly, hum. G schnurren. 
 
 schnarrich[*™], gruff. dG schnarrig. 
 
 schnarrickse[*~~], pp gschnarrickst, to snore. 
 G schnarchen. 
 
 schnarrickser[*~~], m, snorer. G Schnarcher. 
 
 schnattre[*~], pp gschnattert, to quack (of 
 ducks), shake from cold, tremble, chatter 
 (also of the teeth). G schnattern. 
 
 schnaube[*~], to snort (of a horse or pig). G 
 schnauben. 
 
 schnaufe[*~], pp gschnauft, to breathe. dG 
 schnaufe. 
 
 schnause[~~], pp gschnaust, to eat secretly, 
 secure eatables by stealth, purloin. dG 
 schnausse. 
 
 schnausich[~~], dainty in eating. dG 
 schnaussig. 
 schnaut["], f, wry mouth. G Schnauze. Cf 
 schnut. 
 see cadet “], m, moustache. G Schnauz- 
 art. 
 
 schnauze[~~], pp gschnauzt, to snort (of 
 animals especially pigs). G schnauzen. 
 
 schnauzich[*~], snappish. G schnauzig. 
 
 schnawwel[*~], m, beak, bill, mouth. G 
 Schnabel. 
 
 schnawwelkeppli[*~~~], n, pointed cap. Dim 
 of G Schnabelkappe. 
 
 schneck[*], f, snail. G Schnecke. 
 
 schnecke || harn(*~~], nm, conch, peculiarly 
 shaped instrument used as a dinner-horn; 
 zhaus [*~"],n, snail-shell; -schteek[*~"], f, 
 winding stairs. 
 
 schnee[7], m, snow. G Schnee. 
 
 schnee || balle[*~~], m, snowball; -bluk[*"], 
 m, snowplow; -blumm[*~], f, snowdrop; 
 sflocke[~~~], m, snowflake; -gans[*~], f, 
 wild goose; -schaufel[*~~], f,.snow-shovel; 
 -schtarm[~~], m, snow-storm; -schtiwwer 
 {[*~~], m, snow-squall; -vojjel[*~~], m, 
 snow-bird, junco; -wasser[~~~], n, snow- 
 water; -weiss[*~~], snow-white; -wind[~~], 
 m, wind bringing snow. 
 
 schneeballebaém[*~~~], m, snowball tree. 
 
 schneee[*~], pp gschneet, to snow. G 
 schneien. 
 
 schneeich[*~], snowy. G schneeig. 
 
 schneid["], f, cutting edge of a tool. G 
 Schneide. 
 
 137 
 
 schneid || bank[~~], f, drawing-bench; -eise 
 *“"~], m, screw tap, die; -gscherr[~~], 
 edged tool; -messer[~~™~], n, drawing knife. 
 
 schneide[*~], pp gschnidde, to cut, reap grain 
 with a sickle, castrate, spay; sich —, to 
 fib. G schneiden. 
 
 schneider[*~], m, tailor, granddaddy longlegs. 
 G Schneider. 
 
 schneidere[*~~], pp gschneidert, to do tailor- 
 ing. G schneidern. 
 
 schneiderkuraschi[*~~~~], corn gromwell. 
 
 schneidern[*~], f, dressmaker. G Schneider- 
 in. 
 
 schneize[~~], pp gschneizt, sich, to blow the 
 nose by pressing a finger against the side 
 of the nostril. G schnauzen. 
 
 schnell["], quick, swift, rapid. G schnell. 
 
 schnelle[*~], pp gschnellt, to fling, let fly, 
 fillip, jerk. G schnellen. 
 
 schneller[*~], m, insect which attacks smoked 
 meat, spring, trigger, fillip, marble. G 
 Schneller. 
 
 schneller[*~], quicker. G schneller. 
 
 schnellichkeet[*~~], f, velocity, swiftness. G 
 Schnelligkeit. 
 
 schnell || keffer[*~~~],_ m, click-beetle (an 
 insect which attacks smoked ham); -schrei- 
 wer[* ~], m, shorthand writer, stenograph- 
 er; -wok[*"], f, steelyard. 
 
 schnellscht[“], quickest. G schnellst. 
 
 schnepp[”], f, snipe, woodcock, simpleton. G 
 Schnepfe. 
 
 schnepp[~], f, snap, catch, sulky; zr is uff der 
 —, he is undecided. G Schnapper. 
 
 schneppe[*~], pp gschneppt, to lift with a 
 lever, tilt, snare. dG schnebbe. 
 
 schnepper[’~], m, trigger, snapping turtle. 
 G Schnapper. 
 
 schnepperich[*~~], loose, unstable (of boards). 
 dG schnebbere. 
 
 schneppermaul[*~], n, 
 Schnapper + Maul. 
 
 schneppgalje[* ~~] =schnappgalje. 
 
 schneppre[*~], pp gschneppert, to chatter. G 
 schnappern. 
 
 schnickel[*~], m, penis. G schnicken. 
 
 schnickelfritz[*~~], m, term applied to a mis- 
 chievous. child, what-you-may-call-him. 
 Probably dG Nikel, name for a small, mis- 
 shapen person or a mischievous child+G 
 Fritz. 
 
 schniekich, schniekisch[*~], schnackich[*~], 
 dainty in eating, sneaky. dG schnikig. 
 
 schniere[*~], pp gschniert, to lace, cheat. G 
 schniiren. 
 
 schnier || leibche[~~~], n, corset; -schtiwwel 
 {~~~], m, laced shoe. 
 
 schnippche[*~], n; en — mache, to pout. 
 Probably a variant of schippche. 
 
 oeaaacimaniny: n, snip. Dim of G Schnip- 
 
 chatterbox. G 
 
 pel. 
 
 schnipple[*~], pp gschnippelt, to snip. G 
 schnippeln. 
 
 schnippler[*~], m, one who only nibbles at 
 things (at table). G Schnippler. 
 
138 
 
 schnippse[*~], pp gschnippst, to sob. G 
 schnippsen. 
 
 schnipsel[*~], n, snip. G Schnipsel. 
 
 schnipsle[*~], pp gschnipselt, to whittle. G 
 schnippeln. 
 
 schnitt[“], m, cut. G Schnitt. 
 
 schnitter|*~], m, reaper, sickler, gelder. G 
 Schnitter. 
 
 schnittling[*~], m, cutting from a plant. G 
 Schnittling. 
 
 schnittloch[*~], schnitterlich[*~~], m, chives. 
 G Schnittlauch. 
 
 schnitz[“], pl, dried fruit, sections of apple, 
 fibs. See schnutz. 
 
 schnitze[*™], pp gschnitzt, to halve or quarter 
 fruit, tell a fib. G schnitzen. 
 
 schnitzelbank[*~~], f, =schneidbank; also 
 name of a popular song. G Schnitzelbank. 
 
 schnitzkuche[*~~], m, pie made of schnitz. 
 G Schnitz +Kuchen. 
 
 schnitzriwwelkuche[’*~~~], m, tart of dried 
 apples covered with sugared crumbs. G 
 Schnitz +dG riwwel +Kuche. 
 
 schnitzle|*~], pp gschnitzelt, to whittle. G 
 schnitzeln. 
 
 schnobe[*~], pp gschnobt, 
 schnoben. Cf schnaube. 
 
 schnok["], f, gnat, mosquito. 
 
 schnokefall[~~~], f, gaper. 
 Falle. 
 
 schnuddle[*~], pp gschnuddelt, to drink in a 
 sloppy manner, take to drink, take strong 
 drink, booze. G Schnudel. 
 
 schnuffle[*~], pp gschnuffelt, to sniffle, pry, 
 rummage. G schnuffeln. 
 
 sre yale pi “], m, spy, Paul Pry. G Schnuff- 
 
 er. 
 
 schnupf[*], snuff. dG schnupf. 
 
 schnupfharn[*~], n, mull. dG schnupfhorn. 
 
 schnuppduch[*~], n, handkerchief. G 
 Schnupftuch. 
 
 schnuppduwack[*~~], m, snuff. G Schnupf- 
 tabak. 
 
 schnuppe[*~], m, cold (in the head). G 
 Schnupfen. 
 
 schnuppe[*~], pp gschnuppt, to take snuff, 
 sniff, snuffle. G schnupfen. 
 
 schnuppere[*~~], pp gschnuppert, to meddle 
 with another’s property, sniffle, pry. G 
 schnuppern. 
 
 schnupperich[{*~~], prying. Adj from schnup- 
 pere. 
 
 schnuppich[*~], fastidious, dainty in eating, 
 snoopy, sneaking. Probably a variant of 
 dG schnuckig, schnakig. Cf schniekich. 
 
 schnur["], f, string, twine, lace, cord, lash; 
 iwwer di — hacke, to kick over the traces, 
 go wrong. G Schnur. 
 
 to snort. G 
 
 G Schnake. 
 G Schnaken+ 
 
 schnurberdli[*~™~], n, little moustache. Dim 
 of G Schnurrbart. 
 A ebeedee aE m, moustache. G Schnurr- 
 art. 
 schnurschtracks[*~], straight, directly. G 
 ~ gchnurstracks. 
 
 schnut["], f, snout, wry mouth, mouth; en — 
 mache, to make a face. G Schnute. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 schnutz[“], m, section of (dried) fruit; pl, 
 schnitz, dried fruit, — mache, to fib. G 
 Schnitz. 
 
 schnutz[~], m, term of endearment for a child. 
 G Schnute, Schnauzchen. 
 
 Schocheri, (T)schockeri[*~~], m, name of a 
 foothill in Lynn township, Lehigh county. 
 I Schoharie. 
 
 schockel[*~], f, cradle. dG schockel. 
 
 schockel || laefer[*~~~], m, runner of a rock- 
 ing chair; -lied[*~"], n, lullaby; -schtuhl 
 [*~"], m, rocking chair. 
 
 schockle[*~], pp gschockelt, to rock. dG 
 schockele. 
 
 schockler[*~], m, one who rocks, rocking chair. 
 dG schockel. 
 
 schof["], n, sheep. G Schaf. 
 
 schof || beer[~~], f, sheepberry; -bels[*~], m, 
 sheep-skin; -bock[*~], m, ram; -fleesch 
 [~"], n, mutton; -gnoddel, -knoddel[~~~], 
 m, sheep excrement, black haw; -hammel 
 [~~~], m, wether; -haut[*"], f, sheep-skin; 
 zhieter[~~~], m, shepherd; -hund[~~], m, 
 sheep-dog; -keersch[*~], f, probably same 
 as schofbeer; -kopp[*~], m, chump, block- 
 head; -laus[*"], f, tick, houndstongue, 
 stickseed; -mischt[*~], m, sheep manure; 
 enas[~ “|, f, sheep’s nose, variety of apple; 
 -rippe[~~~], pl, yarrow; -scher[~“], f, sheep 
 shears; -schtall[*~], m, sheep-fold; -tee 
 [~"], m, horse-tail (plant). 
 
 schofgnoddelbeer[~~~"], f, 
 Schaf +Knédel +Beere. 
 
 schofgnoddletee[*~~"], m, decoction made 
 from sheep excrement formerly adminis- 
 tered to bring out the rash of measles or 
 scarlet fever. G Schaf+Knédel+Tee. 
 
 schofich[~~], sheepish. G schafig. 
 
 scholle[*~], m, clod. G Scholle. 
 
 schollich[*~], abounding in clods. G schollig. 
 
 schone, schune[~~], pp gschont, to spare, 
 favor, treat with forbearance. G schonen. 
 
 schooss[7], m, lap. G Schoss. 
 
 schoossduch[*~], n, napkin. G Schoss+ 
 Tuch. 
 
 schopp[“], m, shed. dG schobb, G Schuppen. 
 
 schoppe[*~] nemme, am, to take a good hold 
 of (in nape of neck). G Schopf. 
 
 schoppscheier, schottscheier[*"~], f, shed 
 barn. PG schopp +scheier. 
 
 schot["], f, pod, shell. G Schote. 
 
 schote || bam[~~~], m, catalpa; -bohn[*~"], f, 
 pod bean. 
 
 schottere[‘~~], pp gschottert, to shake, cause 
 
 sheepberry. G 
 
 to tremble. G schiittern. 
 schpa*, schpo*["], m, pl schpae~, chip. G 
 pan. 
 
 schpade[~~], m, spavin. G Spat. 
 
 schpaech(t)["], m, woodpecker, flicker. G 
 Specht. 
 
 schpaerlich[*~], scarce. G sparlich. 
 
 schperling|*~], m, sparrow. G Sperling. 
 
 schperr[~], f, brake. G Sperre. 
 
 schperr || balke[*~~], m, brake-beam; -glotz 
 [*~l, m, brake-block; -kett[*~], f, brake- 
 chain, log-chain. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 schperre[*~], pp gschperrt, to apply the 
 brake. G sperren. 
 
 schperregras[*~"], n, asparagus. From E 
 ‘‘sparrowgrass.”’ 
 
 schperreweit[*~~], wide (open). Gsperrweit. 
 
 schperrit[*~], m, spirits. G Spiritus. 
 
 schperwel|[*~], f, persimmon. G Sperbe. 
 
 schpaeter[~~], later, later on. G spater. 
 
 schpaetscht|"], latest. G spatst. 
 
 schp4l["], m, chip of stone, spall. 
 E spall. 
 
 schpalde[*™], pl, chips. G Spalten. 
 
 schpaldeise[* ~~], n, iron used in splitting rails. 
 G Spalteisen. 
 
 schpalt[“], m, crevice, crack. G Spalt. 
 
 schpalte, schpalde[*~], pp gschpalt, to split. 
 G spalten. 
 
 schpange[’~], f, bracelet(rare). 
 
 schpann[~], m, span. G Spanne. 
 
 schpanne|*~], pp gschpannt, to stretch, cock, 
 be tight. G spannen. 
 
 schpanne[’~] (HLF), pl, pin-oaks. For der 
 
 f, pin-oak. Tr of E 
 
 see below. 
 
 schpanneeche|[~* ~~], 
 Spanish oak into span(ische)eeche. 
 
 schpann || pett[*~], f, cross-beam; -saek[*"], 
 f, wood-saw; -seel[*™], n, tether. 
 
 schpare[~~], pp gschpart, to save, spare, 
 economize. G sparen. 
 
 schparre[’~], m, rafter; zr hott en — zu viel 
 odder eener zu wennich, er hott en — los, 
 he is a bit off in the head. G Sparren. 
 
 schparsam[~~], saving, economical, parsi- 
 monious. G sparsam. 
 
 schparsamkeit[*~"], f, economy, frugality. 
 G Sparsamkeit. 
 
 schparwel[*~], persimmon. 
 
 schparwlebam|*~~], m, persimmon tree. 
 
 schpass || gedicht[*~~], n, doggerel; -vojjel 
 {*~~], m, joker, droll person. 
 
 schpat["], f, spade. G Spaten. 
 
 schpatz|"], m, sparrow, mason’s hawk. G 
 Spatz. 
 
 schpaue[~~], dG 
 schpauche. 
 
 schpautz["], spittle, saliva. dG schpautz. 
 
 schpautze[~~], pp gschpautzt, to spit. 
 schpautze. 
 
 schpaziere[~~~], pp gschpaziert, to promenade; 
 — geh’, to go visiting. G spazieren. 
 
 schpechthahne[*~~], m, woodpecker, flicker. 
 G Specht +Hahn. 
 
 schpeck[~], m, bacon, profit. G Speck. 
 
 schpeck || draub[’"], f, fox grape; -maus[*"], 
 f, bat; -schwé4rt[’"], f, rind. of bacon; 
 -seit[* “|, f, flitch of bacon. 
 
 schpeech[~], m, spoke. G Speiche. 
 
 schpeicher|~~], m, second story, garret; ew- 
 werscht —, garret.. G Speicher. 
 
 schpeicherschteek[*~"], f, garret stairs. G 
 
 G spalten, 
 
 G Spange. 
 
 pp gschpaut, to spit. 
 
 dG 
 
 Speicher +Steige. 
 schpeidel[*~], m, gore. dG speddel. 
 schpeidele[~~~], pp gschpeidelt, to set a 
 
 gore ina garment. Verb from PG schpei- 
 
 del. 
 
 139 
 schpeis["], f, food, nourishment. G Speise. 
 schpekdajel, schpektakel[’*~], m, strange 
 
 sight, spectacle. G Spektakel. 
 schpekdief[**], n, telescope, spy-glass. dG 
 spektiv. 
 schpekeliere[“~*~], pp gschpekeliert, to specu- 
 late. G spekulieren. 
 schpektabille[-~~<~], f, 
 (Dicentra) spectabilis. 
 schpell[”], f, pin. dG spell, spelle. 
 schpelle[*~], pp gschpellt, to pin. dG spelle. 
 schpellebam[*~"], m, honey locust tree; 
 hawthorn. dGspelle+G Baum. 
 schpellekisse[*~~~], n, pin-cushion. dGspelle 
 
 +kisse. 
 G Spelz. 
 
 bleeding heart. L 
 
 schpels[~], m, spelt. 
 schpende|[*~], pp gschpendt, to spend, squand- 
 er. Gspenden, but from E spend. 
 
 breaaact at “], m, tinsmith, tinker. GSpeng- 
 er. 
 schpetter[*~], m, mocker. G Spdtter. 
 
 schpettle[*~], pp gschpettelt, to mock, sneer, 
 taunt. G spdotteln. 
 
 schpettlich[*~], mockingly, 
 spottlich. 
 
 schpetzel[*~], n, sparrow. Dim of G Spatz. 
 
 schpetzli[*~], n, any small bird. Dim of G 
 Spatz. d 
 
 schpichte[*~], pl, tales, funny stories. dG 
 spichte, spuchte. 
 
 schpiel[7], n, play. G Spiel. 
 
 schpiel || blatz[*~], m, playground; -haus[*"], 
 n, children’s playhouse; -kord[~"], f, play- 
 ing card: -kummerad[*~~"], m, playmate; 
 smann[{~~], m, musician; -sache[*~~], pl, 
 playthings, toys. 
 
 schpiele[~~], pp gschpielt, to play, play cards, 
 said of cattle in rutting time. G spielen. 
 
 sneeringly. G 
 
 schpiele[*~], pp gschpielt, torinse. Gspiilen, 
 schpieler[~~], m, player, gambler. G Spieler. 
 schpiel || lumpe[~*~~], m, dishrag; -schissel 
 
 [“~~], f, dishpan; dish- 
 water. 
 
 schpielich[~~], passionate, amorous. G _ spie- 
 
 -wasser[~~~], n, 
 
 ig. 
 
 schpielich[~~], m, distiller’s swill. G Spiilig. 
 
 schpiere, gschpiere[~~], pp gschpiert, to follow 
 the tracks (of game), feel, be sensible of. 
 G spiiren. 
 
 schpiess[], m, spear, pike, halberd. G 
 
 pless. 
 
 schpiesshoke[~~~], m, ice-hook. G Spiess + 
 Haken. 
 
 schpiesse[*“], pp gschpiesst, to spear. G 
 spiessen. 
 
 schpijjel[*~], m, mirror. G Spiegel. 
 
 schpijjle[*~], pp gschpijjelt, to reflect. G 
 spiegeln. 
 
 schpinat[~*], m, spinach. G Spinat. 
 
 schpindel[*~], m, axle, spindle. G Spindel. 
 
 schpindelpann[*~™], f, step-box. G Spindel + 
 Pfanne. 
 
 schpindlich[*~], slender, spindling. Probably 
 from E. 
 
 schpinn{”], f, spider. G Spinne. 
 
140 
 
 schpinne[‘~], pp gschpunne, to spin, purr. G 
 spinnen. 
 schpinnraéd!’"], n, spinning-wheel. G Spinn- 
 rad. 
 schpinne || graut[*~"], n, spiderwort; -nescht 
 {‘~~], n, cobweb; -rocke[*~~~], m, distaff; 
 -web[*~"], n, spider-web. 
 schpinner[*~], m, tendril. G Spinner. 
 schpion[“*], m, spy, scout. G Spion. 
 schpione[~~~], pp gschpiont, to spy out, go on 
 a still hunt. G spionieren. 
 schpitz[~], m, penis; -(e)[*~], m, point, tip, peak. 
 Spitz, Spitze. 
 schpitz || bu[*"], m, rascal, knave; 
 [*"~], keen, clever. 
 schpitze[‘~], pp gschpitzt, to make sharp, 
 ut a point on; sich uff ebbes —, to look 
 orward to, anticipate; di ohre —, to prick 
 the ears, be all attention. G spitzen. 
 schpitzich[*~], pointed, peaked. Gé spitzig. 
 schpitzewettrich[*~~~], m, narrow-leafed plan- 
 tain, ribgrass. dG spitzewederich. 
 schplitt[“], m, split. G Splitt(er). 
 schplitte[*~], pp gschplitt, to split. G split- 
 tern, influenced by E split. 
 schpore[*~], m, spur, fruit-spur. 
 schpot["], late. G spat. 
 schpot graut[~ “1, n, late cabbage; -johr[*"], 
 n, fall, autumn. 
 schpotjohrs[*"], Adv from 
 schpotjohr. 
 schpotjohrs || dak[~""], m, autumn day; 
 swetter[~~~~], n, autumn weather; -wind 
 [~~~], m, autumn wind. 
 schpott[], m, mockery, derision, scorn. G 
 Spott. 
 schpotte[*~], pp gschpott, to mock, jeer, 
 mimic, rail. G spotten. 
 schpottich[*~], mockingly. G spdttisch. 
 schpott || néme[*~~], m, nickname; -vojjel 
 [*~~], m, mocking bird, one who ridicules; 
 -wolfel[*~™], ridiculously cheap. 
 schpraddle[*~], pp gschpraddelt, to spread 
 out (like a plant). dG sprattle. 
 schpraddlich{*~], spread out. Adj 
 schpraddle. 
 schprae("], f, spread, bedding for animals. 
 dG sprae. 
 schpraee[~~], pp gschpraet, to spread. Verb 
 from schprae. 
 schpratzle[*~], pp gschpratzelt, to sputter (as 
 boiling mush). G spratzeln. 
 schprau[”], f, chaff. G Spreu. 
 schprau || kisse[*~~], n, bolster; -sack[*™~], m, 
 chaff-bag used as mattress. 
 schpreche|*~], pp gschproche, to speak, talk 
 (of formal speech only). G sprechen. 
 schprecher|*~], m, speaker, orator. G 
 Sprecher. 
 schprecklich[{*~], spotted. dG spreckelig. 
 schprenge|*~], pp gschprengt, to blast, pursue, 
 force torun. G sprengen. 
 schprengpulwer[*~~], n, blasting powder. G 
 Sprengpulver. 
 
 zohrich 
 
 G Sporn. 
 
 in the fall. 
 
 from 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 schprettle[*~], pp gschprettelt, to spread, 
 
 scatter. Variant of schpraddle. 
 schprichwart[*~], mn, proverb, adage. G 
 Sprichwort. 
 schprijjel[*~], body bow of a wagon, tilt lath. 
 Spriegel. 
 schpring[“], f, spring (elastic and of water). 
 G Spring. 
 
 schpring || dapper[*~~], f, diarrhoea; -fedder 
 [~~], f, watch spring; -haus[‘~], n, house 
 built over a spring (in which milk and 
 butter are cooled); -schtock[*~], m, lancet. 
 
 schpringe[*~], pp gschprunge, to run, spring 
 (of lumber), jump. G springen. 
 
 schpringe || grawe[*~~~], m, water space in a 
 springhouse, runnel; -gress{*~~], n, water- 
 cress; =wasser[*~~~], n, springwater. 
 
 schpringer[*~], m, (en gleener), toddler, half- 
 grown boy, urchin, young cattle; di -s, 
 diarrhoea. G Springer. 
 
 schpritz[“], f, syringe, hand fire-pump. G 
 Spritze. 
 
 schpritze[*~], pp gschpritzt, to squirt, sprinkle, 
 
 splash. G spritzen. 
 
 schpritzer[*~], m, sprinkle (of rain). G 
 Spritzer. 
 
 schproch["], f, language, (power of) speech, 
 voice. G Sprache. 
 
 schprochkenner[~~™~], m, linguist. 
 chen + Kenner. 
 
 schprock[], brittle. dG sprok. 
 
 schprosse[*~], m, rung, round. G Sprosse. 
 
 schpruch[“], m, pl schprich, saying, verse, 
 scripture text. G Spruch. 
 
 verMtiannen se “], n, gnomic song. G Spruch- 
 ied. 
 
 schprung[~], m, leap, jump, crack. G Sprung. 
 
 schprungrieme[*~~], m, martingale. G 
 
 G Spra- 
 
 Sprungriemen. 
 
 schpuchte[*~], pl, capers. dG spuchte. Cf 
 schpichte. 
 
 schpucke[*~], pp gschpuckt, to spit. G 
 
 spucken. 
 
 schpucke[*~], pp gschpuckt, to be haunted, 
 have ghostly manifestations. G spuken. 
 
 schpuck(s), gschpuck(s)["], n, spook, ghost, 
 hobgoblin. G Spuk. 
 
 schpulche, schpielche[*~], n, small spool. G 
 Spiilchen. 
 
 schpule[~~], m, spool, bobbin. G Spule. 
 
 schpule[~~], pp gschpult, to wind on spools. 
 G spulen. 
 
 schpuli[~~], m, trickster. 
 
 schpund[“], m, splint; (-e),m,sapwood. G 
 Spund =Spint. 
 
 schpunde[*~], m, bung. G Spund. 
 
 schpunde || bohre[*~~~], m, an auger for bor- 
 ing bungholes; -loch[*~~], n, bunghole. 
 
 per seu rire “], nm, sapwood. G Spund+ 
 
 olz. 
 
 schpur, gschpur[’], f, trace, track. G Spur. 
 
 schpure[~~], pp gschpurt, to track, trace, 
 follow the track or rut. G spuren. 
 
 schrackack!*~], katydid. Onomatopoetic. 
 
 schraeks["], oblique, aslant G schrag. | 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 schraeksajich[~~~], cross-eyed. G schrag + 
 dugig. 
 
 schraekse[~~], pp gschraekst, to slant off, 
 cant. Verb from schraeks. 
 
 schramm|~], f, scar. G Schramme. 
 
 schrankle[*~], pp gschrankelt, to walk un- 
 steadily (from weakness). dG schrankeln. 
 
 schranklich[*~], unsteady (in gait). Adj from 
 schrankle. 
 
 schraub[7], pl schrauwe, screw; es is arjets 
 en — los, there is something wrong (crook- 
 ed) somewhere. G Schraube. 
 
 schraubschtock[~~], m, vise. G Schraub- 
 stock. 
 
 schrauwe[~~], pp gschraubt, to screw, squirm, 
 dicker, evade. G schrauben. 
 
 schrauwe || dreher[*~~~],_ m, screw-driver; 
 -ziejer[~~ ~~], m, screw-driver. 
 
 schrecke[*~], pp gschreckt, to intimidate. G 
 schrecken. 
 
 schrecke[*~], m, scare, terror, fright, horror. 
 G Schrecken. 
 
 schrecke[*~], pl, grasshoppers. G Schrecke = 
 Heuschrecke. 
 
 schrecklich[*~], terrible, awful. G schreck- 
 ich. 
 
 schreib || babier[*~*], n, writing paper; -disch 
 [~~], m, writing table. 
 
 schreiner[*~], m, joiner, cabinet maker, 
 carpenter. G Schreiner. 
 
 schreiwe[*~], pp gschriwwe, to write. G 
 schreiben. 
 
 schreiwer[*~], m, writer, penman, scribe, con- 
 veyancer. G Schreiber. 
 
 schreiwes[*~], n, writing, document, written 
 agreement. Noun from schreiwe. 
 
 schrenke[*™~], pp gschrenkt, to shrink (a tire, 
 
 cloth). G schranken. 
 
 schreppe[*~], pp gschreppt, to cup. G 
 schrépfen. 
 
 schreppkopp[*~], m, cupping glass. G 
 Schrépfkopf. 
 
 schrief["], m, sheriff. G Scherif. 
 
 schrift[~], f, handwriting, scripture. G Schrift. 
 
 schriftler[*~], m, theologue. G Schriftler. 
 
 schriftlich[*~], in writing, according to scrip- 
 ture. Gschriftlich. 
 
 schrift || maessich[*~~], scriptural; -schteller 
 {°~~], m, author. 
 
 schritt[“], m, step, pace. G Schritt. 
 
 schritte[*~], pp gschritt, to step, pace. G 
 schritten. 
 
 schrittweis[*], step by step. G schrittweise. 
 
 schrode[*~], pp gschrot, to grind into chop, 
 grind coarsely, crush. G schroten. 
 
 schrot[], f, shot, chop. G Schrot. 
 
 ek flint[~~], f, shot-gun; «fuder[~~~], n, 
 cut feed mixed with chop; -meessel|*~~], 
 m, chisel-hammer; -miehl [~~], f, chop-mill; 
 ssack[~~], m, shot pouch, chop-bag. * 
 
 schrunn(e)[*~], f, crack, scar, chap, mark, 
 bruise. G Schrunde. 
 
 schtab["], m, dust. G Staub. 
 
 schtab["], m, staff. G Stab. 
 
 schtab || berscht[*~], f, brush; -duch[*~], n, 
 
 141 
 
 dusting cloth; -fischel[*~~], n, larva of 
 carpet moth; -wisch[*~], m, duster. 
 
 schtachel[*~], f, thorn, prickle. G Stachel. 
 
 schtachele[’~~], pp gschtachelt, to attempt 
 to sting (as a bee when it is held fast). G 
 stacheln. 
 
 schtachel || graut[*~"], n, thorn apple, stra- 
 monium; -gummer[*~~~], f, gherkin; -sau 
 {*~"], f, porcupine; -schwein[*~~], n, por- 
 cupine. 
 
 schtachlich[*™~], prickly, thorny. G stachelig. 
 
 schtadt!~], f, city. G Stadt. 
 
 schtadt || leit[-"], pl, city people; -lewe[*~~], 
 n, city life; -rat[*~], m, city council; -wajje 
 {-~~], m, market-wagon. 
 
 schterblich[’~], mortal, dying. G sterblich. 
 
 schterblichkeit{[*~"], f, mortality. G Sterb- 
 lichkeit. 
 
 schtzrme[*~], pp gschtermt, to take by storm, 
 rave. Gsttirmen. 
 
 schtermer{[*~], m, boisterous fellow. G Stiir- 
 mer. 
 
 schtern[*], f, star, white mark on the face of 
 a horse or cow, block (of a quilt). G Stern. 
 
 schtzrn[‘], f, forehead. G Stirn. 
 
 schtern || band[*~], n, forehead-strap (of a 
 
 bridle); -rieme[*~~], m, head-piece of a 
 bridle. 
 
 schtern || blumm[*~], f, aster; hyacinth, nar- 
 cissus; star of Bethlehem; -hajlich, 
 
 shajels[-~~], deucedly; -riesel[-“~], thun- 
 deration! Expletive of indignation. In 
 G Stern is used in various expletives: 
 stern-kreuz-bataillon, potz stern. It is 
 impossible to tell whether the -riesel has 
 any meaning derivationally or not. 
 
 schterne || hell[*~~], starlit; -himmel[*~~~], 
 m, firmament; -kenner[*~~~], m, astron- 
 omer; -schnuppe[*~~~], f, falling star. G 
 Sternschnuppe. 
 
 schternich{*~], starry. G sternig. 
 
 schterns[*], very, confoundedly: er war — 
 gsoffe. 
 
 schterrick[*~], f, starch. G Starke. 
 
 schterrick[*~], f, strength. G Starke. 
 
 schterricke[*~~], pp gschterrickt, to starch, 
 strengthen, invigorate: gschtzrrickti wesch, 
 G starken. 
 
 schterricker[’~~], stronger. G starker. 
 
 schterrickscht[*~], strongest. G starkst. 
 
 schterrickungsmittel[*~~~~], n, tonic. G 
 Starkungsmittel. 
 
 schterwe[*~], pp gschtarwe, to die. G 
 sterben. 
 
 schterwes[*~] (RB), n, dying. G Sterben. 
 
 schteerwesgrank[*~™~], dangerously ill. G 
 sterbenskrank. 
 
 schterze[*~], pp gschterzt, to fall, tumble, 
 cause to fall, overthrow, dish (a wheel), 
 
 G stiirzen. 
 schterzing[*~], f, dish (of a wheel). G 
 Stiirzung. ; 
 schtaetich|*~], constantly, steadily. G statig. 
 schtaffel, schtachel[*™], f, round, rung: en — 
 
 heecher. G Staffel. 
 
142 
 
 schtahl["], m, steel. G Stahl. 
 
 schtaéhle[~~], pp gschtahlt, to temper, harden. 
 G stahlen. 
 
 schtahle[*~], (of) steel. G stahlern. 
 
 schtaéke[~~], m, stake. Staken. 
 
 schtakeloch[~~~], n, hole in which the stake 
 of a worm-fence is placed. G Staken+ 
 Loch. 
 
 schtall[-], m, stable. G Stall. 
 
 schtalle[*~], pp gschtallt, to stable, get along 
 (together), agree. Gstallen. Cf gschtalle. 
 
 schtall || dier[*"], f, stable-door; -gnecht[*™], 
 m, hostler. 
 
 schtalling[*~], f, stabling. G Stallung. 
 
 schtamm|~], m, stem, trunk, tribe. GStamm. 
 
 schtamme[*~], pp gschtammt, to be descended 
 (from), come from. G stammen. 
 
 schtampe[*~], pp gschtampt, to stamp, tamp. 
 G stampfen. 
 
 schtamper[*~], m, stamper. G Stampfer. 
 
 schtamploch|*~], n, hole made by the stamp- 
 ing of horses in chasing the flies. 
 Stampfloch. 
 
 schtand[~], m, state, stand, condition, rank; 
 im — sei’, to be able to; er is im —, he is 
 capable of. G Stand. 
 
 schtandhaft|*~], steady, firm, steadfast. G 
 standhaft. 
 
 schtang[~], f, pole, rod. G Stange. 
 
 reyes ane eae n, wineglass. G Stange+ 
 
 as. 
 
 schtar[], m, blackbird. G Star. 
 
 schtar["], m, cataract (of the eye). 
 
 schtarm[“], m, storm. G Sturm. 
 
 schtarme[*~], pp gschtarmt, to be stormy: 
 es hott widder gschtarmt ans Lange, there 
 has been a new arrival in the Lang family. 
 G stiirmen. 
 
 schtarmich|*~], stormy. Gé stiirmig. 
 
 schtarmwind[*~], m, storm, gale. G Sturm- 
 wind. 
 
 schtarr[~], staring, fixed, stiff. G starr. 
 
 schtarre[*~], pp gschtarrt, to stir, poke. 
 MHG stiiren, G stirren. 
 
 schtarre|’~], m, dead tree, dead limb, visible 
 part of a decayed tooth. G Storr, 
 
 schtarrich[*~], m, stork. G Storch. 
 
 schtarrick[*~], strong, stout, robust, 
 er is — dra, he is hard at it. Gstark. 
 
 schtarr || keppich[*~~], stubborn, obstinate; 
 -kopp|*~], m, stubborn person. 
 
 schtarze[*~], m, stump (of a tree), stub, root 
 (of a decayed tooth). dG storze. 
 
 schtat[], m, state, commonwealth, pride; 
 zr macht sich en grosser — draus, he is 
 very proud of it. G Staat. 
 
 schtatlich!*~], grand. G stattlich. 
 
 schtattfinne[*~~], pp schtattgfunne, to take 
 place, occur. G stattfinden. 
 
 schtatts (vun)[*], instead of. G statt. 
 
 schtauche[*~], pp gschtaucht, to jolt, bend in, 
 strain, wrench. G stauchen. 
 
 schtawe[*~], pp gscht&bt, to give off dust, go 
 pell-mell. G stauben. 
 
 schtawich{~~], dusty. G staubig. 
 
 G Star. 
 
 fast; 
 
 The Pennsyloania-German Society 
 
 schtech || appel[*~~], m, thorn apple, stramon- 
 ium; -zeise[*~~] n, gig; -graut[*"], -selat 
 [*~"], prickly lettuce; emick[*~], f, forest- -fly. 
 
 schteche[*~], pp gschtoche, to stick, sting, 
 prick, pierce, stab. G stechen. 
 
 schtecke[*~], pp gschtocke, to stick, plant, 
 be hidden, stay; — bleiwe, to be stalled 
 (with a load), stop short; ich will’s ihm —, 
 I'll give him a tip; geld in ebbes —, to 
 invest money in something; di nds in alles 
 —, to poke one’s nose in everybody’s 
 business; wu hoschde gschtocke, where 
 have you been keeping yourself. G 
 stecken. 
 
 schtecke[*~], m, stick, cane. G Stecken. 
 
 schtecke | pohn[*~"], f, pole-bean; -gaul[*~*], 
 m, hobby-horse; -reide[*~~~], n, riding a 
 hobby-horse. 
 
 -schteckich[*~], having a certain number of 
 
 stories. G -stéckig. 
 
 schteckle[*~], n, hide-and-seek. G Versteck- 
 enspiel. 
 
 schtedtel, schtedtche[*~], schtedtelche[*~~], 
 
 n, village (the former frequently used as 
 ending of the name of a particular village: 
 Hellerschtedtel). Dims of G Stadt. 
 
 schtee*["], m, stone, grindstone; — breche, 
 to quarry stone. G Stein. 
 
 schtee || blatt(~~], f, large flat stone; -bloder 
 [~~~], f, contusion (of foot); -bock[~*~], m, 
 (S-) Capricorn (sign of the zodiac); -bohre 
 [~~~], m, drill; -brecher[~~~], m, stone 
 crusher; -bruch[*~], m, stone quarry; 
 -drepp[~ “], f, stone step; -druck[~~], m, 
 lithograph; -eil[- “], f, barn-owl; -esel[*~~], 
 jackass; -fare(~~~], brake (fern); -glee[™ wf 
 m, stone clover; white clover; -gruck[~~], 
 m, stone jug; chacker[~~~], m, stone-cutter; 
 -haufe[~ ~~], m, pile of stones; -keizli[* ~~], 
 n, little screech owl. G Steinkauz; -kohl 
 [-“"], f, anthracite coal; -mauer[*~~], f 
 stone wall; -roi[*~], f, stonerow (often as 
 a fence between two fields) ; -schlejjel[~~~], 
 m, sledge; -wajje[~~~], m, wagon rigged 
 for hauling stones. , 
 
 schtee*che[~~], n, pebble. G Steinchen. 
 
 schtee“eselfill[~"~~], n, jackass-colt. G 
 Steinesel +Fiillen. 
 
 schteek["], f, stairs, foot-bridge. 
 
 schteekgelender|[*~~~], n, 
 Steige +Gelander. 
 
 5 sy schtee“alt[~~], very old. Gstein- 
 alt, 
 
 schteene[*~], (of) stone. G steinern. 
 
 schteene[~~], pp gschteent, to remove the 
 stones (from cherries). G steinen. 
 
 schteenich[~~], stony, of stone. G steinig. 
 
 schteeniche[*~~], pp gschteenicht, to stone, 
 throw stones at. G steinigen. 
 
 schteere[~~], pp gschteert, to disturb, trouble. 
 G stéren. 
 
 G Steige. 
 banisters. G 
 
 schteh*[], pp gschtanne, to stand, be; 
 schtill —, to stop. G stehen. 
 
 schtehle[~~1, pp gschtohle, to steal. ic 
 stehlen. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 schtehler[*~], m, thief. G Stehler. 
 
 schtehlerei["~~], f, thievery. G Stehlerei. 
 
 schteiber[~~], m, prop. Noun from schteibre. 
 
 schteibijjel, schteikbijjel[*~~], m, stirrup. 
 G Steigbiigel. 
 
 schteibre[~~], pp gschteibert, to prop; sich 
 —,toresist, hesitate. dG steibere. 
 
 schteiere[~~~], pp gschteiert, to steer. G 
 steuern. 
 
 schteier || mann[~~~], m, pilot, 
 -rad[~~~], n, steering wheel; 
 n, helm, rudder. 
 
 schteif["], stiff, thick, formal, awkward. G 
 
 helmsman; 
 -ruder[~~ ~~], 
 
 steif. 
 schteifheet[~~], f, stiffness. G Steifheet. 
 schteifing[~~], f, buckram. G steif+ung. 
 
 schteifkett[~~], {, stay chain. G Steifkette. 
 
 schteije[~~], pp gschtijje, to rise, ascend, 
 increase, get (into). G steigen. 
 
 schtell[“], f, place, position, employment, 
 charge; uff der (di) —, immediately. G 
 Stelle. 
 
 schtelle[*~], pp gschtellt, to place, put, set 
 
 up; sich —, to stand ready for attack, act 
 (as if). Gstellen. 
 
 schtellgarn[*"], n, stalker (kind of fishnet). 
 G Stellgarn. 
 
 ici honed “], f, location, attitude. G Stel- 
 ung 
 
 schtels[~], f, stilt; pl, -e, pins =legs. GStelze. 
 
 schtembel[*~], m, stamper, pounder. G 
 
 Stempel. 
 
 schtengel[*~], m, schtengli[*~], n, stalk, stem, 
 weed, stick (of candy). Stengel. 
 
 schtengel || bauer[*~~~], m, poor farmer; -glas 
 [*~"], n, wineglass. 
 
 schtenner[*~], m, movable circular wooden vat 
 
 (usually 3 or 4 ‘ft. in height). dGstanner = 
 G Stander. 
 
 schtennich[*~], constantly: immer un—. G 
 standig. 
 
 schteppe[’~], pp gschteppt, to quilt, stitch. 
 G steppen. 
 
 schtetzelche[*~~], n, cuff (in ballad only). 
 
 schtewwere[*~~], pp gschtewwert, to scatter, 
 disperse. G stdbern. 
 
 schtibbche[*~], n, small room. Dim of G 
 Stube. 
 
 schtich[’], m, stitch, sting, prick, twitch, 
 twinge; im — losse, to leave in the lurch. 
 G Stich. 
 
 schtich[~], m, steep stretch of road: en karzer 
 
 —. GStieg. 
 
 schtichdunkel|* ~~], pitch-dark. G stich- 
 dunkel. 
 
 schtichle[*~], pp gschtichelt, to make in- 
 
 sinuating allusions, hint. G sticheln. 
 schtichler|* “], m, person who makes insinuat- 
 ing allusions. G Stichler. 
 schtichlerei[~ ~+), f, making insinuating allu- 
 
 sions. G Stichlerei. 
 schtick["], n, piece, slice, part, stretch, patch; 
 ee — vieh, siwwe — vieh, one head of 
 
 cattle, seven head of cattle; — weks, part 
 of the way; in eem — fart, incessantly; 
 
 143 
 
 (e°) schticker sechs, half a dozen or so. 
 G Stiick. 
 
 schticke[*~], pp gschtickt, to stick, persist, 
 stay: er schtickt nerjets. MMHG sticken. 
 
 schtickel[*~], m, stake. G stecken. 
 
 schtickeldeppich{* ~~~], m, patchwork quilt. 
 G stiickeln +Teppich. 
 
 schticker[*~], m, pl of schtick; (e”) — sechs, 
 six or so. G Stiicke. 
 
 schtickerei[~~~], f, quilting. G Stickerei. 
 
 schtickfluss[*~], m, croup. G Stickfluss. 
 
 schtickich[*~], stuffy, close, sticky. Gstickig. 
 
 schtickle[*~], pp gschtickelt, schtickere[*~~], 
 to quilt, do patchwork. G stiickeln. 
 
 schtickli, schtickel[*~], n, small piece, bit, 
 short way; en — brot, du gehscht en — 
 mit. Dims of G Stiick. 
 
 schtickweis[*~], piecemeal, at retail, singly. 
 G stiickweise. 
 
 schtief || bruder[~~~], m, step-brother; -dadi 
 [~~~], m, step-father; -kind[*~], n, step- 
 child; -mammi[*~~], f, step-mother; -mut- 
 ter[“~~], f, step- -mother; -schweschder[~~*], 
 f, step-sister; -soh*[~"], m, _ step-son; 
 -vatter[~~~], m, step-father. 
 
 schtiehlche[*~], n, child’s chair; hoch —, 
 child’s high chair. G Stiihlchen. 
 
 schtiel["], m, handle, helve. G Stiel. 
 
 schtier[],, m, steer, (S-) Taurus (sign of 
 
 the zodiac). G Stier. 
 
 schtiere[~~], pp gschtiert, to copulate (of 
 
 cattle). G stieren. 
 schtifde[*~], pp gschtift, to instigate, stir up; 
 friede —, to restore peace. G stiften. 
 
 schtiffel[* ”), m, lout. dG schtiwwel. 
 
 schtill["], still, quiet; — halte, to hold still; 
 — sei’, to be quiet, keep silent. G still. 
 
 schtille[*~], pp gschtillt, to hush, quiet, 
 silence, appease; blut —, to stop blood. G 
 stillen. 
 
 schtillschtand[*~], m, standstill, suspension, 
 stagnation. G Stillstand. 
 
 schtillschweije[*~~], n, silence, keeping mum. 
 G Stillschweigen. 
 
 schtillschweije[* ~~], pp schtillgschweicht, to 
 keep silent. G stillschweigen. 
 
 schtimm["], f, voice, vote. G Stimme. 
 
 schtimme[*~], pp gschtimmt, to vote, tune; 
 net iwwer eens —, not to tally, disagree. 
 G stimmen. 
 
 schtimm || gawwel[*~~], f, tuning fork; 
 wer[’~~], 
 
 schtimpel|" “], m, small remainder. 
 mel, 
 
 schtimpelroi[*~~], f, short row (at one end of 
 a field). G Stiimmel +Reihe. 
 
 schtimplerei, schtimmlerei[’~*], f, botch, 
 bungled work, delayed work. G Stiim- 
 
 perei. 
 
 schtink|~ ],m, bad odor. Noun from schtinke. 
 
 schtink || blumm|* “], f, marigold; -bock[*~], 
 m, dirty rascal, sot; -kaes[*"], m, hand or 
 Dutch cheese; “keffer[*~ “], m, stink-bug. 
 
 schtinke[*~], pp gschtunke, to stink. G 
 stinken. 
 
 -gew- 
 m, voter; -recht/’ “), n, franchise. 
 G Stiim- 
 
144 
 
 schtinker[‘~], m, mean person, stinker, silent 
 fart. G Stinker. 
 
 schtinkert[*~], m, vile-smelling animal. G 
 Stinker. 
 
 schtinkich[*~], stinking, rank; — faul, awfully 
 lazy. Gstinkig. 
 
 schtinkluder[*~~], mn, carrion, vituperative 
 term. G Stink +Luder. 
 
 schtitz[], f, stove-pipe hat, small wooden 
 vessel used in carrying water to workmen. 
 dG stitz. 
 
 schtitze[*~], pp gschtitzt, to depend on, ex- 
 
 pect: sich druff —. Gsttitzen. 
 schtitzehut[*~"], mm, stove-pipe hat. dG 
 stitz-+G Hut. 
 schtiwwel, schtiffel[*~], m, boot. G Stiefel. 
 
 schtiwwel || gnecht[*~~], m, bootjack; -hols 
 [°~“], nm, boot-tree; -mann[*~”], m, man 
 with a penchant for wearing boots. 
 
 schtiwwer, gschtiwwer[*~], m, squall, flurry, 
 spell, caprice. G stébern. 
 
 schtiwwich[*~], m, movable circular wooden 
 vat varying in height from less than a foot 
 to 3 or 4 feet. G Stiebig, dG stiwwig. 
 
 schtiwwle|[*~], pp gschtiwwelt, to walk. G 
 stiefeln. 
 
 schtock[~], m, stick, cane, stack, plant, bush, 
 story (of a building), skirt (of a dress). 
 G Stock. 
 
 schtock || blind[*~], stone-blind; -bohn[*"], f, 
 bush bean; -dab[*~], stone-deaf; -dunkel 
 [*~~], pitch dark; -englisch[*~~], thoroughly 
 English; -ros{’"], f, rose plant; -schraub 
 [*"], f, screw of a vise. 
 
 schtocke[*~], pp gschtockt, to make a stack, 
 walk rapidly with a cane. G stocken. 
 
 Schtoffel[*~], m, Christopher, used as a nick- 
 name, (s-) blockhead. G Stoffel < Chris- 
 toph. 
 
 schtoffelgluck[*~~], f, 
 Stoffel +dG gluck. 
 
 schtofft[“], n, stuff, material, goods, rabble, 
 riffraff. G Stoff. 
 
 schtol["], f, stole. G Stole. 
 
 schtolle[*~], m, foot (of a chair or bedstead), 
 calk, ball of snow formed under a horse’s 
 
 uncouth fellow. G 
 
 hoof. G Stollen. 
 aisha rl “|, m, club-foot. G Stollen+ 
 uss. 
 
 schtolpere[*~~], pp gschtolpert, to stumble. 
 G stolpern. 
 schtolperich[*~~], prone to stumble. G stol- 
 
 perig. 
 
 schtols[“], m, pride. G Stolz. 
 
 schtolscht[~], proudest. G stolzest. 
 
 schtolser[*~], prouder. G stolzer. 
 
 schtols Heinrich, der, good-King-Henry 
 (plant). 
 
 schtooss["], m, thrust, push, knock, jar, jog, 
 gust. G Stoss. 
 
 schtoosse[*~], pp gschtoosse, to push, jostle, 
 poke, kick, hook (of cattle), churn (butter). 
 G stossen. 
 
 schtooss || eise[*~~], n, tool used in digging 
 graves to secure a straight edge; -woi[*"], 
 m, chicken hawk. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 schtoppe[*~], pp gschtoppt, to stuff, plug, 
 stop up, darn. Gstopfen. (In the mean- 
 ing of stop, halt, it is probably from E 
 stop, although there is a G stoppen). 
 
 schtoppel[*~], f, stubble. G Stoppel. 
 
 schtoppelfeld[*~~], n, stubble-field. G Stop- 
 pelfeld. 
 
 schtopper[’~], m, stopper, wad. G Stopfer. 
 
 schtopple[*~], pp gschtoppelt, to seed a 
 stubble-field to the samecrop. Gstoppeln. 
 
 schtopplich[*~], stubbly. G stoppelig. 
 
 schtoppnodel[*~~], f, darning needle. G 
 Stopfnadel. 
 
 schtottere[*~~], pp gschtottert, to stammer, 
 stutter. G stottern. 
 
 schtotterich[*~~], stammering, stuttering. G 
 stotterig. 
 
 schtowwerich, schtowwelich[*~~], obstinate. 
 G stéberig. 
 
 schtrack[~], straight, erect, slender. Gstrack. 
 
 schtracks["], straightway, immediately. G 
 stracks. 
 
 schtraee[~~], pp gschtraet, to strew, spread, 
 bed (a stable or cattle). dG striae. G 
 streuen. 
 
 schtraehl[], m, comb. dG strahl. 
 
 schtraehle[*~], pp gschtraehlt, to comb. dG 
 strahlen. 
 
 schtraehme, schtriehme[*~], m, strip, band, 
 welt. G Straihme. 
 
 schtraehmich[*~], striped, streaked. G 
 strahmig. 
 
 schtraff[~], erect, stiff. G straff. 
 
 schtrahl["], m, ray, beam, bolt (of lightning). 
 G Strahl. 
 
 schtrahlich[*~], raylike. G strahlig. 
 
 schtrample[*~], pp gschtrampelt, to trample, 
 kick, struggle. G strampeln. 
 
 schtrang[~], m, trace, skein (of spun flax). G 
 Strang. 
 
 schtrapatze[~’~], f, hardship, sufferings. G 
 Strapaze. 
 
 schtratz[“], m, strut. Noun from schtratze. 
 
 schtratz[~], f, diarrhoea. 
 
 schtratze[*~], pp gschtratzt, to strut. G 
 stratzen. 
 
 schtraube[*~], pp gschtraubt, to ruffle: di 
 feddre —; sich —, to resist, act rebelliously. 
 G strauben. 
 
 schtrauss["], m, pl schtreiss, bunch of flowers, 
 posy. G Strauss. 
 
 schtrawwatzich[’~~], refractory. Cf schtruw- 
 wutz. 
 
 schtrawwle[*~], pp gschtrawwelt, to struggle, 
 kick. dG strawele. 
 
 schtrawwler[*~], m, nickname for members of 
 
 ia Evangelical denomination. dG straw- 
 weler. 
 schtreck["], f, stretch, tract. G Strecke. 
 
 schtrecke[*~], pp gschtreckt, to stretch. G 
 strecken. 
 
 schtreech[{"], m, stroke, blow, prank, joke. 
 G Streich. 
 
 schtreef(e)[*~], m, stripe, strip, streak. G 
 Streifen. 
 
 schtreefich[*~], striped; -i kuh, brindle cow; 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 — gras, puzzlegrass; -i schlang, garter 
 snake. G streifig. 
 
 schtreiche[*~], pp gschtriche, to stroke, strike, 
 pat. Gstreichen. 
 
 schtreich || hols[~*~], n, match, strickle; -rieme 
 *-~], m, strop. 
 
 schtreichle[*~], pp gschtreichelt, 
 stroke. G streicheln. 
 
 schtreichler[*~], pretzel. 
 
 schtreide[*~], pp gschtridde, to quarrel, con- 
 tend, dispute, litigate, wrangle, argue. G 
 streiten. 
 
 schtreiderei{™~*], f, (continued) quarreling or 
 wrangling. G Streiterei. 
 
 schtreidich{~~], quarreling, at odds, on the 
 outs; — werre, tofallout. Gstreitig. 
 
 schtreiss["], pl, tassels, plumes on a lady’s 
 hat. G Strdusse. 
 
 schtreissel[*~], n, mosegay, sprig, small 
 tassel, pretzel, small round cake, narrow 
 twisted strip of dough on top of a pie. 
 Dim of G Strauss. 
 
 schtreit[], m, quarrel, strife, wrangle. G 
 Streit. 
 
 schtreng|*], severe, strict, rigorous. Gstreng. 
 
 schtrenge[*~], pp gschtrengt, to strain, exert. 
 G strengen. 
 
 schtrich[~], m, streak, strip; -e[*~], m, stroke, 
 line, teat; uffem — hawwe, to dislike (to 
 do), be disinclined, go against the grain. 
 G Strich. 
 
 schtrichweis[’~], in streaks, by narrow sec- 
 tions. G strichweise. 
 
 schtrick[“], m, rope, wild fellow. G Strick. 
 
 to pat, 
 
 schtricke[*~], pp gschtrickt, to knit. G 
 stricken. 
 
 schtrickes[*~], mn, knitting. Noun from 
 schtricke. Cf backes. 
 
 schtrick || halfter[*~~], f, rope halter; -nodel 
 [°-~], f, knitting needle; -schtrump[*~], m, 
 unfinished stocking. 
 schtriepich[~~], striped, streaked. G striepig. 
 schtrijjel[*~], m, curry-comb. Gé Striegel. 
 schtrijjele[*~~], pp gschtrijjelt, to curry, 
 fleece (some one). G striegeln. 
 schtrikt|~], strict, severe, stringent. G strikt. 
 schtrimpelche[*~~], n, baby’s sock. Double 
 dim of schtrump. 
 schtrimpmacher[* ~~], m, hosier. 
 macher. 
 schtripp[‘], m, strip. G Strippe. 
 schtrippe[*~], pp gschtrippt, to strip; welsch- 
 karn —, to husk corn; sich —, to take off 
 (change) one’s clothes. dG strippe. 
 schtrippe[*~], pp gschtrippt, to provide with 
 strips or laths. G strippen. 
 schtripphut[*"], m, woman’s sun-bonnet. G 
 Strippe +Hut. 
 schtritz|~], f, syringe. 
 schtritzbichs[*™], f, squirt-gun. 
 G Biichse. : 
 schtritze[*~], pp gschtritzt, to squirt. dG 
 schtritze. 
 schtrof["], f, punishment, fine. G Strafe. 
 schtrofbar[*~], punishable. G strafbar. 
 
 12 
 
 G Striimpfe- 
 
 dG stritze. 
 dG stritze+ 
 
 145 
 
 schtrofe[*~], pp gschtroft, to punish, fine. G 
 strafen. 
 
 schtrofing[*~], f, reproof. G Straf-+ung. 
 
 schtroh["], n, straw; lang —, straw of rye 
 threshed with a flail. G Stroh. 
 
 schtroh || bank[~~], f, straw cutter; -blumm 
 [-~], f, straw-flower; -dach[*~], n, thatched 
 roof; -fackel[*~~], f, straw bundle (used 
 in burning hornets’ nests, etc.); -feier[~~~], 
 n, passing excitement; zhalm[*~], m, straw 
 haulm; -haufe[*~~], m, heap of straw; 
 shut[*"], m, straw hat; -kisse[*~~], n, 
 straw bolster; -mann[*~], m, dummy; 
 ssack[~~], m, straw mattress; -schtock[~~], 
 m, straw-stack; -seel[*], n, straw band; 
 -wisch[~~], m, wisp of straw. 
 
 schtrom[], m, stream, current. G Strom. 
 
 schtrooss["], f, road, street; immer uff der — 
 leie, to be going all the time. G Strasse. 
 
 schtruddle[*~], pp gschtruddelt, to speak in- 
 distinctly, sputter. dG strudele. 
 
 schtrudle[~~], pp gschtrudelt, to spout. G 
 strudeln. 
 
 schtrump[‘], m, stocking. G Strumpf. 
 
 schtrump || bendel[*~~], m, garter; 
 [~~], m, foot of a stocking. 
 
 schtrupp[“], m, hame hook. G Strupf. 
 
 schtruppe[’~], pp gschtruppt, to strip. G 
 strupfen. 
 
 schtrupp || hahne[*~~], m, cock with ruffed 
 plumage; -hut[*"], m, sun-bonnet; -nodel 
 [*~~], f, bodkin. 
 
 schtruppich[*~], rough-coated, long-haired, 
 tousled, bristly, rough. G struppig. 
 
 schtrutze[*~], pp gschtrutzt, to strut, parade. 
 G strutzen. 
 
 schtruwwelkopp[*~~], m, person with dis- 
 heveled hair. G Struwwelkopf. 
 
 schtruwwlich[*~], disheveled, unkempt; di — 
 Nans, ragged-robin. G struwwelig. 
 
 schtruwwutz, schtrawwatz[*~], m, disagree- 
 ment, row. Probably MHG struben. 
 
 schtubb[‘], f, room. G Stube. 
 
 schtubbe[*~], pp gschtubbt, to root (of hogs), 
 stub (one’s toe). G stupfen. 
 
 schtubbich[*~], dwarfish, dumpy, stubborn, 
 balky. Adj from schtubbe. 
 
 schtudent["*], m, student. G Student. 
 
 schtudiere[“*~], pp gschtudiert, to study. G 
 studieren. 
 
 schtuf["], f, stair, step, stoop, little porch. 
 
 Stufe. 
 
 schtuhl["], m, chair. G Stuhl. 
 
 schtuhl || daub[*~], f, stool-pigeon; «gang 
 [-~], m, discharge of the bowels, stool. 
 
 schtumbe[*”], m, stump (of a tree, tooth or 
 limb). G Stumpfen. 
 
 schtumbe[*~], pp gschtumbt, to challenge, 
 stump. G stumpfen. 
 
 schtumbe || ropper[*~~~], m, stump puller; 
 zwasser|*~~~], n, water in the hollow of a 
 stump. 
 
 schtumbich[*~], filled with stumps, stumpy, 
 stocky. G stumpf-+ig. 
 
 -socke 
 
146 
 
 schtumbiere[~*~], pp gschtumbiert, to abuse, 
 cow, chaff. dG stumbire. 
 
 schtumm|[~], dumb, mute. Gstumm. 
 
 schtump[”], dull, blunt. G stumpf. 
 
 schtump || nasich[* ~ “], pugnosed; -schwans 
 [*~], m, bobtailed horse or dog; -schwensich 
 [*~~], bobtailed. 
 
 schtunn[‘], f, hour; di gut —, goodness itself. 
 G Stunde. 
 
 schtunne || glas[*~"], n, hourglass; 
 [*~-~], m, hour-hand. 
 
 schtupid[*“], stupid. G stupid. 
 
 schtutz[~], uff der, suddenly, on the spur of 
 the moment, undecided. G Stutz. 
 
 schtutze[*~], pp gschtutzt, to hesitate, pause, 
 butt. G stutzen. 
 
 schtutzer[*~], m, beau. 
 
 schu[7], shoo! Gschu. 
 
 schub[], m, shove. G Schub. 
 
 schubb || karrich[*~~], m, wheelbarrow; -lad 
 [’"], f£, drawer. 
 
 schuck[~], m, shoe. MHG and dG schuch, 
 dG schugk. 
 
 schuck[~], m, short downpour of rain or gust 
 of wind. dG schuck. 
 
 schucke[*~], pp gschuckt, to toss (a ball). 
 dG schucke. 
 
 -Z0ijer 
 
 G Stutzer. 
 
 schuckweis[*"], at intervals, by starts. dG 
 schuckweis. 
 
 schuer[*~], m, shower. MHG schifir. 
 
 schuere[~~~], pp gschuert, to shower. MHG 
 
 schfiren. 
 
 schuerich[~~~], showery. Adj from schuer. 
 
 schuft[“], m, rascal. G Schuft. 
 
 schuh["], m, shoe. G Schuh. 
 
 schuh || berscht[*~], f, shoe-brush; -bech[~~], 
 n, cobbler’s wax; -bendel[*~~], m, shoe- 
 lace; -butzer[~~~], m, doormat; -dinde 
 [~~~], m, shoemaker’s blacking; -flicker 
 [~~~], m, cobbler; -gnopp[*~], m, shoe- 
 button; -gratzer[~~~], m, shoe scraper; 
 z-hammer[*~~], m, cobbler’s hammer; -kapp 
 [~~], f, cap of a shoe; -macher[*~~], m 
 shoemaker; -rahme[*~~], m, welt; -rieme 
 [~~~], m, shoe-lace; -schnall[*~], f, shoe- 
 buckle; -sohl[*"], f, shoe-sole. 
 
 schul["], f, school. G Schule. 
 
 schul || bas[~"], m, school superintendent; 
 zbu[~"], mm, school-boy; -dak[*"], m, 
 school-day; -geld[*~], n, tuition; -haus 
 [~~], n, schoolhouse; -kummerad[*~~*], m 
 schoolmate; -maedel[*~~], n, schoolgirl; 
 -meeschder|~ ~~], -meschder[*~~], m, school- 
 teacher; -schtubb[*~], f, schoolroom; 
 -schwenser|~ ~~], m, truant; -superintend 
 pay Mae superintendent of schools. G 
 aie 4+dG superdent; -tax[~*~], m, school- 
 
 eebular” } f, debt, fault, 
 Schuld 
 
 schuldich{*~], due, owing, indebted, guilty. 
 G schuldig. 
 
 schuldichkeet{*~7] f, duty. G Schuldigkeit. 
 
 schuldner|*~], m, debtor. G Schuldner. 
 
 schule[*~], pp gschult, to school. G schulen. 
 
 guilt, crime. G 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 schuler[*~], m, pl schieler, pupil, scholar. G 
 hiiler. 
 
 schuling[~~], f, schooling, 
 imitation of E schooling. 
 
 schulkorreggder[~~~~], m, school director 
 (Hermany’s satirical appellation for an 
 ignorant country school director). Schul- 
 korrektor is used in some sections. 
 
 schulter[*~], f, shoulder. G Schulter. 
 
 schulterblatt[*~~], n, shoulder-blade. G 
 Schulterblatt. 
 
 schultere[*~~], pp gschultert, to shoulder, 
 assume (responsibility). G schultern. 
 
 schumackbaém|[*~*], m, ailanthus. 
 
 schumeck, schumack[~~], n, sumac. G 
 Sumach. 
 
 schunke, schinke[*~], m, ham. G Schinken, 
 dG schunke. 
 
 schunkefleesch[*~"], n, ham. dG schunke + 
 fleesch. 
 
 schunn, schund[‘], already; er werd — dezu 
 
 education. In 
 
 sehne, he’ll be sure to see toit. dGschunn. 
 schunnemol[*~~], once before. dG schunn+ 
 emol. 
 schuppe[’~], f, scurf, fish-scale. G Schuppe. 
 
 schuss["], m, shot, blast, sprout, shoot, chute; 
 im — sei’, to be in a hurry. Schuss. 
 
 schuss | bloder[* ~~], f, sty (on the one 
 
 brett[*~], n, tailboard: -scheier[* ~~], f 
 
 Bhancneen lean-to; -weis[’ “], by jerks, by 
 fits and starts. 
 
 schussel[*~], m, person or horse given to 
 abrupt or rapid movements (also the act 
 itself), scatter-brain. dG schussel. 
 
 schussle[*~], pp gschusselt, to move suddenly 
 or too hastily, race along. Verb from 
 schussel. 
 
 schuster, schuschder[*~], m, cobbler, 
 maker. G Schuster. 
 
 schutz[“], m, shelter, refuge. G Schutz. 
 
 schutze[*~], pp gschutzt, to shelter, 
 guard. G schiitzen, older schutzen. 
 
 schwach[~], weak. G schwach. 
 
 schwachheet, schwachheit[’"], f, weakness. 
 G Schwachheit. 
 
 schwachsinnich[*~~], | weak-minded. G 
 schwachsinnig. . 
 
 schwad["], f, swath. G Schwad. 
 
 schwaejern|~~], f, sister-in-law. G Schwa- 
 gerin. 
 
 schwer[7], m, father-in-law. G Schwer. 
 
 schweer || dadi[~~~], m, father-in-law; -mut- 
 ter[~~~], f, mother-in-law. 
 
 schwere, gschwere[~~], m, boil, abscess. G 
 
 hwar. 
 
 schwerme, schwarme[*™], pp gschwermt, to 
 swarm. G schwarmen. 
 
 schweerneeter[*~~], m, scamp, son of a gun. 
 G Schwerenoter. 
 
 schwernot[*~], f, deuce: dich soll doch di — 
 grieje. G Schwerenot. 
 
 schwert[“], n, sword. G Schwert. 
 
 schweertli[*~], schw4rtli[~~], n, iris, blue-flag. 
 G Schwertlilie. 
 
 schwerzer[*~], blacker. 
 
 shoe- 
 
 safe- 
 
 G schwarzer. 
 
Pennsyloania-German Dictionary 
 
 schwerzing, schwarzing[’~], f, blacking. G 
 Schwarz +ung. 
 
 schwaewisch[~~], Suabian. G schwidbisch. 
 
 schwallem[*~], m, pl schwalme, swallow, 
 martin. G Schwalbe. 
 
 schwalmenescht[*~~], n, swallows’ nest. G 
 Schwalbennest. 
 
 schwamm|[~], m, mushroom, toadstool, mead- 
 Ow, Swamp, sponge, punk. G Schwamm. 
 
 schwamm || dischdel[*~~], f, swamp-thistle; 
 -eeche|’ ~], f, swamp white oak; -gras[*"], 
 
 n, meadow-grass; -riesel[*~~], m, mole; 
 -weide[* ~~], f, pussy-willow. 
 
 schwammich[*~], wet, soft, quaggy. G 
 schwammig. 
 
 schwan["], m, swan. G Schwan. 
 
 schwang|’], m, im — sei’, to be current. G 
 Schwang. 
 
 schwanger|*~], pregnant. G schwanger. 
 
 schwanke[*~], pp gschwankt, to sway. G 
 schwanken. 
 
 schwankich[*~], unsteady, swaying. G 
 schwankig. 
 
 schwannajjel[*~~], f, buckshot. G Schwan-+ 
 Achel. 
 
 schwans[~], pl schwens, tail. G Schwanz. 
 
 schwans || fedder[*~~], f, tail-feather; -rieme 
 [* ~~], m, crupper; -schtick[*~], n, back rump. 
 
 schwarm, schwarm[], m, swarm. 
 Schwarm. 
 schwart["]. See schwort. 
 
 schwarz, schwatz|“], black; -e parble, small- 
 pox; en -er, a negro. G schwarz. 
 
 schwarz || beenich[* ~~], black-legged; -brau~ 
 [°"], dark brown; -darn[*~], f, black thorn; 
 -dreckich[*~~], very dirty; -eeche[*~~], f 
 black oak; -esch[*~], f, black ash; -kersch 
 [*~], f, black (mazard) cherry; -kopp[*~], 
 m, black-headed person, female bumblebee 
 (so called because its face.is black while 
 that of the male is white); -maulbeez[*~"], 
 f, red mulberry; -rot [°°], dark red; -unblo 
 [-~*], black and blue, livid; -walniss(bam) 
 [*~~"], m, black walnut; -warzel[*~~], f 
 comfrey; -weide[’ ~~], m, f, black willow. 
 
 schweb[!, f, swing-beam (used in raising a 
 bucket out of a well). G Schwebe. 
 
 schweche[*~], pp gschwecht, to weaken, un- 
 nerve. G schwachen. 
 
 schwecher[*~], weaker. G schwdacher. 
 
 schwechlich[*~], weakly. G schwachlich. 
 
 schwechlichkeet|*~ |, f, weakness, sickliness. 
 G Schwachlichkeit. 
 
 schwechscht[~], weakest. G schwichst. 
 
 schweere[~~], pp gschwore, to swear, make 
 oath. Gschworen. 
 
 schweess["], m, sweat. G Schweiss. 
 
 schweesse[~~], pp gschweesst, to sweat, ooze, 
 weld. G schweissen. 
 
 schweess || droppe[~~~], m, sweat drop; -duch 
 [~~], n, cloth put on face of a hi 
 -fuchs|~~], m, sorrel horse; -loch[~~], n 
 pore of the skin. 
 
 schwei["], f, sister-in-law. dG schwai. 
 
 schweije[~~], pp gschweicht, to be silent. G 
 schweigen. 
 
 147 
 
 schweijend[*~], silent. G schweigend. 
 
 schweiksam[~~], taciturn. G schweigsam. 
 
 schwein[{], n, hog (rare), dirty scamp. G 
 Schwein. 
 
 schweinigel[~ ~~], schweinickel[*~~], m, dirty 
 
 fellow. G Schweinigel. 
 
 schweining[~~], f, atrophy, dG 
 schweinen. Cf schwinne. 
 
 Schweizer[*~], m, Swiss. G Schweizer. 
 
 schweizerkaes|~~™], m, Swiss cheese. G 
 Schweizerkase. 
 
 schwell[~], f, sill. G Schwelle. 
 
 schwelle, gschwelle[*~], pp gschwolle, to swell. 
 G schwellen. 
 
 schwemmche[’~], n, little meadow. Dim of 
 G Schwamm. 
 
 schwemme[*™], pp gschwemmt, to overflow (of 
 aint deposit (sand or silt). Gschwem- 
 
 sweeny. 
 
 Schwenckfelder|*~“] m, member of the relig- 
 fone, sect founded by Kaspar von Schwenck- 
 e 
 
 schwenckfelder[’~~], en, an implement used 
 to raise and push timber into position in 
 building. 
 
 schwenckfelder kuche, Dutch cake. Cf 
 schwingfelder. 
 
 schwengel[’~], m, swingle, pump-handle. G 
 Schwengel. 
 
 schwenke|*~], pp gschwenkt, to wave, turn, 
 sway, swing, rinse. G schwenken. 
 
 schwens["], pl of schwans; rote —, princes’ 
 feather. G Schwanze. 
 
 schwense[*~], pp gschwenst, to dock the tail 
 (of horses, dogs, sheep), fleece (financially). 
 G schwinzen. 
 
 schwensle[’~], pp gschwenselt, to switch or 
 wag the tail, walk with a mincing gait. G 
 schwanzeln. 
 
 schwenslich[*~], applied to a mare that is 
 
 given to switching her tail. Adj from 
 schwensle. 
 schwer["], heavy, difficult. G schwer. 
 
 schwerlich[*~], hardly, scarcely; somewhat 
 heavy. G schwerlich. 
 
 schwer i gewicht[~~~], _n, 
 -miedich[*~~], melancholy. 
 
 schweschder[’™], f, sister, nun. G Schwester. 
 
 schweschderkind|* ~~], n, nieceornephew. G 
 Schwesterkind. 
 
 Sea aN ot sisterly. G schwester- 
 lich. 
 
 schwesternfescht[*~~], n, annual service for 
 women and girls (Moravian). GSchwester 
 +Fest. 
 
 schwetzer[’~], m, talker, speaker, orator. G 
 Schwatzer. 
 
 schwetzich[’~], talkative. G schwitzig. 
 
 schwetz || kaschde[*~~], m, phonograph; 
 -kunscht|[* “|, £, elocution. 
 
 schwewe[~~], pp gschwebt, to float in the air. 
 G schweben. 
 
 schwewwel[*~], m, sulphur. G Schwefel. 
 
 schwewwel || bliet[*~ “|, f, flowers of sulphur; 
 ssauer[’~ ~~], f, sulphuric acid. 
 
 schwewwle[’~], pp gschwewwelt, to asphyx- 
 
 gross weight; 
 
148 
 
 jate with sulphur fumes, make it hot for 
 some one. G schwefeln. 
 
 schwiejer || dochder[*~~~], f, daughter-in-law; 
 smutter[~~~~], f, mother-in-law; -soh%, 
 ssuh*(~~"], m, son-in-law; -vatter[~~~~], 
 m, father-in-law. 
 
 schwiejern[*~], f, mother-in-law. G Schwie- 
 gerin. 
 
 schwiel["], sultry. G schwill. 
 
 schwimme[’~], pp gschwumme, to swim, float. 
 G schwimmen. 
 
 schwimmer|*~], m, swimmer. G Schwimmer. 
 
 schwimmlichdel[*~~], n, piece of paper floating 
 in a cup or saucer filled with fat and lit to 
 furnish light. Dim of G Schwimm +Licht. 
 
 schwimmloch[*~], n, swimming hole. G 
 
 Schwimm +Loch. 
 
 schwindel[*~], m, dizziness, swindle. G 
 Schwindel. 
 
 schwindle[*~], pp gschwindelt, to be dizzy, 
 swindle. G schwindeln. 
 
 schwindler[*~], m, swindler. G Schwindler. 
 
 schwindlerei{~~*], f, swindle, swindling, fraud. 
 G Schwindlerei. 
 
 schwindlich[*~], dizzy. G schwindlig. 
 
 schwing[~], f, swing, whip, rod. G Schwinge. 
 
 schwinge[’~], pp gschwunge, to swing, vibrate, 
 scutch, flog, beat (the limbs of a chestnut 
 tree to bring down the nuts). Gschwingen. 
 
 schwingfedder[*~™~], f, larger wing-feather. G 
 Schwungfeder. 
 
 schwingfelder[*~~] kuche, m, Dutch cake. 
 Corruption of schwenckfelder. Q. v. 
 
 schwing || messer[*~~], n, swingle; -miehl{*"], 
 f, scutch; -rad[*"], n, scutch; «weerrick 
 [°~~], n, tow. 
 
 schwinne[*~], pp gschwunne, to vanish. G 
 schwinden. 
 
 schwinne[*~], f, sweeny. G Schwinden. 
 
 schwitz[“], m, sweat. dG schwitz. 
 
 schwitze[*~], pp gschwitzt, to sweat, suffer, 
 be clouded by moisture (as a polished sur- 
 face). G schwitzen. 
 
 schwitzgegreider[*~~~], pl, sudorific herbs. 
 G Schwitzgekrauter. 
 
 schwitzich[*~], sweated, sweaty. Gschwitzig. 
 
 schwitzing[*~], f, sweating. Formed in imita- 
 tion of E sweating. 
 
 schwob[7], m, cockroach. G Schwabe. 
 
 Schwob["], m, Suabian, also used as a term of 
 ridicule. G Schwabe. 
 
 schwojer[*~], m, brother-in-law. G Schwa- 
 
 ger. 
 
 schwort, schwAart["], f, slab, rind of bacon or 
 ham, rough fellow. G Schwarte. 
 
 schworte, schwarte[~~], pp gschwort, to flog. 
 G schwarten. 
 
 schwortemaje[~~~~], m, pig’s stomach filled 
 and pressed. G Schwartenmagen. 
 
 schwowefall[*~~], f, cockroach-trap. G 
 Schwabe +Falle. 
 
 schwowe || land[*~~], n, Suabia; -schtreech 
 [~~"], pl, tomfoolery, nonsense. 
 Schwabenstreich. 
 
 schwung[~], m, swing, sweep. G Schwung. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 schwungrad[*-], on,  balance-wheel. G 
 Schwungrad. 
 
 schwupp[], m, swoop. Gschwupp. 
 
 schwuppe[‘~], pp gschwuppt, to beat, strike, 
 defeat. G schweppen. 
 
 schwur[], m, oath, vow. G Schwur. 
 
 se[-] =zu: mer hen nix—du*™. Cf zu. 
 
 sech[~], n, coulter, jointer. G Sech. 
 
 sechbluk[*"], m, plow with a jointer. G 
 Sech +Pflug. 
 
 sechs[“], sechse[*~], six; 
 golly. G sechs. 
 
 sechsdel[*~], n, sixth part, sixth of a barrel of 
 beer. G Sechstel. 
 
 sechsder[*~], en, six-spot (of cards), the 
 figure 6. G Sechse. 
 
 sechs I eckich[*~~], hexagonal; -hunnert[**™], 
 six hundred; -jaehrich[*~~], six years old; 
 -mol|* “], six times. 
 
 sechst[‘], sixth. G sechst. 
 
 secht["], 3d sing pres of sje. G sagt. 
 
 sechzeh[*~], sixteen. G sechzehn. 
 
 sechzeht[*"], sixteenth. G sechzehnt. 
 
 sechzich[*™], sixty. G sechzig. 
 
 sechzichscht[*~], sixtieth. G sechzigst. 
 
 seckche[*~], n, little bag. G Sackchen. 
 
 seckel[*~], m, scrotum. G Sackel. 
 
 seckelwetzer[*~~~], m, scamp. 
 
 seckendiere[“~*~], pp seckendiert, sich, to 
 take one’s own part, defend oneself, stand 
 up against, know what to do. G sekun- 
 dieren, dG sekedire. 
 
 see["], n, ocean, sea. G See. 
 
 see["], m, lake. G See. 
 
 see! see!["], kumm, call for cows. 
 
 seech[7], m, urine. G Seich. 
 
 seeche[~~], pp gseecht, to urinate. Gseichen. 
 
 seechgrott[~~], f, toad. G seichen +Kréte. 
 
 seef[], f, soap. G Seife. 
 
 seefe[~~], pp gseeft, to soap. G seifen. 
 
 meiner sechs, by 
 
 seefe || schaum[*~"], m, lather; -schissel 
 *~~~], f, soap-dish; -wasser[~~~~], n, 
 soapsuds. 
 
 seefich[~~], soapy. G seifig. 
 
 see || grank[~~], seasick; -granket[*~~], f, sea- 
 sickness; -gras[~~], n, seaweed; zhund[*™], 
 m, seal; -rawer[*~~], m, pirate; -reis 
 [~"], f, voyage; -schal[*"], f, sea-shell; 
 -vojjel[~~~], m, gull. 
 
 seeisch[*~], maritime. G seeisch. 
 
 seel["], f, soul. G Seele. 
 
 ene n, straw band for tying sheaves. G 
 
 ll. 
 
 seeledokter[~~~~], m, minister. G Seelen+ 
 Doktor. 
 
 seelsarjer[*~~], m, pastor. G Seelsorger. 
 
 seene[~~], pp gseent, to filter, strain. Variant 
 of seihe. 
 
 i “], m, filter, strainer. Variant of 
 seih. 
 
 seftich[*~], having a bad reputation, indecent. 
 G saftig, formerly also saftig. 
 
 seftle[*~], n, jelly. G Saftlein. 
 
 segund[~*], f, second. G Sekunde. 
 
 segunde || zeeche[~*~~~], n, second hand (of 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 a clock); 
 (of a clock). 
 
 sehne[*~], pp gsehne, to see, look; zr hott 
 sich net — losse, he did not appear. G 
 sehen. 
 
 sehne[*~], pp gsehnt, sich, to long, have a 
 longing desire. G sehnen. 
 
 sehnern[*~], f, daughter-in-law. G Sdhnerin. 
 
 sehnesweert(~~"], worth seeing. G _ sehens- 
 wert. 
 
 sehnsucht[*~], f, longing. G Sehnsucht. 
 
 sehr[], very (occurs rarely). G sehr. 
 
 sei*["], adj; seiner, seini, seins, pr, his. G 
 sein. 
 
 sei*{], pp _gewest, to be; — losse, to let 
 alone. G sein. 
 
 sei || beerscht[*~], f, bristle; -berzel[*~~], m, 
 purslane; -bengel{~~~], m, boor, brute; 
 zblos[~"], f, hog’s bladder (when dried, 
 used as a purse or tobacco pouch); -bohn 
 [“"], f, horsebean; -dreck[*~], m, hog excre- 
 ment, matter of no importance; -drok[*"], 
 m, pig-trough: zeemer[~~~], m,_ swill- 
 bucket; -fass[~~], n, swill-barrel; -fenger 
 molar BE ve contrivance for catching hogs by 
 the leg; -fleesch[~"], n, pork; -galje[~~~], 
 m, cross-like structure on which slaughtered 
 hogs are hung; -geik[~"], f, calathumpian 
 violin, horse-fiddle; -gelser[~~~], m, gelder; 
 sgranket[~~~], f, hog cholera; -grumbeere 
 [°~~~], pl, culls (of potatoes); -joch[*~], n, 
 yoke put on hogs to prevent them from 
 creeping through fences; -kerbs[*~], f, 
 field pumpkin; -kamille[*~~~], m, mayweed, 
 stinking camomile; -kaschde[*~~], m, 
 slovenly person; -kiwwel[~~~], m, swill- 
 bucket; -ledder[~~~], n, hogskin; -lewe 
 [~~~], n, beastly life; -maje[~~~], m, hog’s 
 stomach, the same cleaned and filled (as 
 an edible); -nawwel[*~~], m, sheath of a hog 
 (usually hung up for the birds in winter); 
 snescht[~~], n, pig’s litter, dirty hole; 
 zohr[~"], n, pig’s ear; -riesel[*~~], m, dirty 
 fellow; -saufe[~~~], n, swill; -schnitter 
 [~~~], m, gelder; -schtall[* “], m, hog-pen; 
 -schwans[~~], m, pig’s tail; -welschkarn 
 [~~~], n, nubbins. 
 
 seiche, seili[~~], n, little pig, suckling pig. 
 Dims of G Sau. 
 
 seiddem[*~], since; [*], 
 seitdem. 
 
 seide[~~], m, silk. G Seide. 
 
 seide || blatt[“~~], n, side trace; -fleesch[*~*], 
 n, bacon; -schtick|~~*], n, flitch; -schteche 
 teeny n, stitch in one’s side. 
 
 seidel[*~], m, (beer-) tankard. G Seidel. 
 
 seide || miehl{ ~~], f, silk mill; -warm[*~~], m, 
 silk worm. 
 
 seidlings[“~], edgeways, sideways. 
 
 <zoijer[’*~~~], m, second hand 
 
 since then. G 
 
 G seit- 
 ings. 
 
 seid (na ehpas “|, f, side street; -werts 
 [~~], sideways; -weks[~"], sideways. 
 
 seierei["~*], f, hoggishness, mess, obscene 
 talk. G Sauerei. 
 
 seierlich[*~~], tart. G sduerlich. 
 
 149 
 
 seifze[*~], pp gseifzt, to sigh. G seufzen. 
 
 seifzer[~~], m, sigh. G Seufzer. 
 
 seifzerich[~~~], sighing, with a sigh. G 
 Seufzer +ig. 
 
 seih["], f, filter, strainer. G Seihe. 
 
 seihduch[*~], n, cloth for straining. G 
 Seihetuch. 
 
 seihe[~~], pp gseiht, to strain, filter. G 
 seihen. 
 
 seiisch[~~], hoggish, gluttonous. 
 
 seil["], f, awl. 
 
 sei*lebbdak[“’"], always; it is usually used 
 with a negative, and in conjunction with 
 the negative means never; sell kann zr — 
 net zeweje bringe, he will never be able to 
 accomplish that. dG sei” lebdag. 
 
 sei*lewe(s)["~~], selewe[~~~], ever, always: 
 — net, never. Gseines Lebens. 
 
 seinesgleiche(s)[~~~~], such as he, of his 
 own kind, his (its) equal. G seinesgleichen. 
 
 seiohreblatt[*~~], n, plantain leaf. G Sau- 
 ohren + Blatt. 
 
 seit["], seiter[*~], since. 
 
 seitloh*[*~], m, 
 Seiten +Lohn. 
 
 seiwere[~~~], pp gseiwert, to cleanse; sich —, 
 to expel the placenta (of animals). G 
 sdubern. 
 
 seiwering[~~~], f, placenta (of animals). 
 Noun from seiwere. 
 
 G sduisch. 
 
 G seit. 
 (casual) emoluments. G 
 
 seiwerlich[~~~], clean, cleanly, tidy. G 
 sauberlich. 
 
 seje(""], m, blessing, benediction. G Segen. 
 
 sejel[*~], n, sail. G Segel. 
 
 sejelduch{~ ~ “], n, sail. G Segeltuch. 
 
 sejle[*"], pp gsejelt, to sail, be in a hurry. 
 G segeln. 
 
 sejne[~~], pp gsejent, to bless. G segnen. 
 
 sekritaer[’~~], m, secretary. G Sekretar. 
 
 sekt[“], f, sect. G Sekte. 
 
 selat, zelat(~ “], m, lettuce, salad; wilder —, 
 wild lettuce. G Salat. 
 
 selbscht["], self. G selbst. 
 
 selbschtmard[*™], m, suicide. 
 
 selde[*~], seldom. G selten. 
 
 seldsam|[*~], strange, unaccountable. 
 sam. 
 
 selich[~~], happy, saved, blessed. G selig. 
 
 selichkeet[~~"], f, salvation. G Seligkeit. 
 
 G Selbstmord. 
 G selt- 
 
 sell[-], f, cell. G Zelle. 
 
 sell[*], that. Cf seller. 
 
 sellemno[*~”], according to that. dG sellem 
 +nach. 
 
 sellemol[*~~], that time, then. dG sellemol. 
 
 sellemols[*~~], at that time, in times past, in 
 
 those times, then. dG sellemols. 
 
 seller, selli[*~], seli[-], adj, that; pr, that one. 
 dG seller, G selbiger. 
 
 selleri, sellerich, zellerich[*~~], m, celery. 
 G Sellerie, dG zellerie. 
 
 sellewek[*~"], that way, in that manner, 
 that’s the way. dG sellewek. 
 
 selliweil[*~~], during that time. dG selli+G 
 Weile. 
 sellre[*~], dat fem sing of selli. Cf seller. 
 
150 
 
 selwen[‘~], f, selvedge. G Selbende. 
 
 selwer(t)[*~], self; vun —, of one’s own ac- 
 cord, voluntarily. dG selwerscht. 
 
 seminar[~~*], n, seminary. G Seminar. 
 
 senat[~*], m, senate. G Senat. 
 
 senator[“~~], m, senator. G Senator. 
 
 senger|*~], m, singer, minstrel. G Sanger. 
 
 senke[*~], pp "gsenkt, to singe. G sengen. 
 
 senke[*~], pp gsenkt, to sink, sag, settle, dig. 
 
 senken. 
 
 senk || blei[*"], n, plumb, plumbline; -recht 
 at perpendicular, vertical. 
 
 senkel, sankel[*~], m, plummet. G Senkel. 
 
 senkelschnur, sankelschnur|:~ “J, f, plumb- 
 line. G Senkelschnur. 
 
 senkle[*~], pp gsenkelt, to plumb. Gsenkeln. 
 
 sens[~], f, scythe. G Sense. 
 
 sensewarf[*~~], m, snathe. 
 
 Sepdember|’*~], m, September. 
 ber. 
 
 Sepp[“], m, Joe. dG Sepp =dim of Joseph. 
 
 Seppi[*~], m, Josephine, Josie. dG Seppi = 
 dim of Josephine. 
 
 serscht["] =es erscht, the first, first. 
 
 serwe[~~], m, (indentured) servant, hired boy, 
 hired man. Incolonial times an indentured 
 person (male or female), and later the 
 redemptioner, was designated in official 
 enactments and by the employer as servant, 
 no matter what the character of the labor 
 performed. From this use the word and 
 its compounds found their way into PG. 
 The terms are unknown in the Northamp- 
 ton-Lehigh-Berks section where the employ- 
 ers were Germans and gnecht and mad the 
 terms used. 
 
 serwe || bu[~~"], m, hired (indentured) boy; 
 -mann|~~~], m, man-servant, hired (in- 
 dentured) man, 
 
 serwenmaedchen|[~~~~], n, servant girl. 
 
 sessel[*~], m, armchair. G Sessel. 
 
 sett[“], subj sing of solle. Cf sott. 
 
 settiche[*~~], pp gsetticht, to satisfy, appease. 
 
 dG senseworf. 
 G Septem- 
 
 G sattigen. 
 setz[“], clinch iron. Noun from setze. 
 setze[*~], pp gsetzt, to set; sich —, to sit 
 down. G setzen. 
 setzer[*~], m, compositor. G Setzer. 
 setzet|*~], f, setting (of eggs). dG setzet. 
 sibb, sebb[*], f, sieve. dG sibb, seb. 
 
 sibbe[*~ dG 
 sibbe. 
 sich|~], oneself, himself, herself, itself, them- 
 
 selves; zr hott niemand bei —, he is alone. 
 
 ], pp gsibbt, to sieve, sift, screen. 
 
 G sich. 
 
 sichel[*~], f, sickle. G Sickel. 
 
 sicher[*~], safe, secure, certain, sure. G 
 sicher. 
 
 sicherheet[*~~], f, certainty. G Sicherheit. 
 
 sichle[*~], pp gsichelt, to cut with a sickle. 
 G sicheln. 
 
 sichler[*~], m, sickler. G Sichler. 
 
 sicht[~], f, outlook, view. G Sicht. 
 
 sichtbar[*~], visible. G sichtbar. 
 
 sichtbarlich{*~~], perceptibly. Gsichtbarlich. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Soctety 
 
 sichte[*~], pp gsicht, to winnow, sieve. G 
 sichten. 
 
 sidder, zidder[*~], since. dG siter. 
 
 sie["], si{], she, her; they, them. G sie. 
 
 Sie[], you (occasionally used as a mark of 
 respect in addressing a person, especially a 
 minister). G Sie. 
 
 siechreich[~~], victorious. G siegreich. 
 
 siedlich[~~], siddlich[*~], southern, southerly. 
 G siidlich. 
 
 sieje, sieche[*~], pp gsiecht, to conquer. G 
 siegen. 
 
 siek["], m, victory. G Sieg. 
 
 sies|~] =sie es, sie is. 
 
 siess[" ], sweet. G siiss. 
 
 siess || appel[~~~], m, sweet apple; -berke 
 [~~~], m and f, black birch; -fennichel 
  fecetintd Plier ce sweet cicely; fleesch[* Se 
 sweetbreads; -gras[*"], n, sweet vernal 
 grass; -grumbeer[~~'], f, sweet potato, 
 yam; -hols[*~], n, licorice root, birch; 
 -keersch[~~], f, sweet cherry; -kuche[~~~, 
 m, favorite cake; -warzel[~~~], f, sweet 
 cicely; -welschkarn[~~~], n, sweet corn. 
 
 siesser[~~], sweeter. G siisser. 
 
 siesscht["], sweetest. G siisst. 
 
 siessholswarzel[*~~~], f, licorice stick. G 
 Siissholzwurzel. 
 
 siesslich[~~], sweetish. G siisslich. 
 
 sietsam[~~], softly. dG sitig <G sittig. 
 
 siffer[’~], m, drunkard. G Sdufer. 
 
 sijjel[’~], siejel[“~], n, seal. G Siegel. 
 
 sijjele[*~~], pp gsijjelt, to seal. G siegeln. 
 
 sijjelwachs[*~~], m, sealing wax. G Siegel- 
 wachs. 
 
 Silvanus|[ 
 
 silwer[*~], n, silver. 
 
 WS abe A 
 bf 
 
 m, Silvanus. G Silvanus. 
 G Silber. 
 
 silwer | babble[‘~~“, f, white poplar; -fisch 
 [~~], m, larva that destroys paper; -glett 
 [~~], f, litharge. G Silberglatte; -gras 
 [*-"], n, knotgrass; -sand[*~~], m, pewter 
 
 sand; -schmitt|*~~], m, silversmith; -schtick 
 [*~~], n, silver coin. 
 silwer(n)[*~], (of) silver. G silbern. 
 Sim[~], m, Simon, Simeon. dG Simme. 
 simmeliere[~ ~*~], pp gsimmeliert, to meditate. 
 G simmeliere, G simulieren. 
 simmer|*~] =sin mer, are we. 
 simmet[*~], m, cinnamon. G Zimmet. 
 
 simmetrinn[*~~], f, cinnamon. G Zimmet- 
 rinde. 
 
 simpel[*~], m, simpleton, silly person. G 
 Simpel. 
 
 sims[~], m, cornice, shelf. G Sims. 
 
 sin[“], are. G sind. 
 
 sin(d)[~], f, sin; e~ — un e” schan, a wicked 
 shame. G Siinde. - 
 
 sinde || bock[*~~], m, scapegoat; -fall[*~~], m, 
 Fall (of man); -frewel|*~ “], m, iniquity. 
 
 sinder[*~], m, sinner. G Siinder. 
 sindflut|* "], f, deluge. G Siindflut, 
 sindhaft[*~], sinful. G siindhaft. 
 
 sindhaftichkeet|*~~~], f, sinfulness. G Siind- 
 haftigkeit. 
 
‘ 
 
 Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 G siind- 
 -schul[’ "J, f, 
 
 sindiche[’~*], pp gsindicht, to sin. 
 igen. 
 
 sing || buch[*~], n, hymnbook; 
 singing school. 
 
 singe[*~], pp gsunge, to sing. G singen. 
 
 singer[*~], m, singer. G Singer. 
 
 singern[*~], f, female singer. G Singerin. 
 
 sinke[*~], pp ‘gsunke, to sink. G sinken. 
 
 sinkloch[*~], n, sinkhole, cesspool. G Sink + 
 Loch. 
 
 sinn[{~], m, sense, mind: di fimf -e; im — 
 hawwe, to intend. G Sinn. 
 
 sinnbild[*~], n, emblem. G Sinnbild. 
 
 sinne[*~], pp gsunne, to meditate. G sinnen. 
 
 sippschaft, schippschaft[*~], f, set, gang, con- 
 cern. G Sippschaft. 
 
 sirrop[*~], m, syrup. G Sirup. 
 
 sittsam|[*~], modest, demure. 
 
 sitz[“], m, seat. G Sitz. 
 
 sitze[*~], pp gsotze, to sit; — bleiwe, to re- 
 main seated; — losse, to jilt. G sitzen. 
 
 sitz || fleesch[* a n; zr hott ken —, he can’t 
 
 G sittsam. 
 
 sit still; -loch[*~], n, anus, arse. 
 siwwe[*~], seven. G sieben. 
 siwwe || fach[*~~], sevenfold; -jaejer[*~ ~~], 
 
 m, spirit hunter; -schlaefer[’~~~], m, long 
 sleeper, (S-) Seven Sleepers Day (June 27). 
 
 siwwet|*~], seventh. G siebent. 
 
 siwweter[*~~], en, seven-spot (of cards), the 
 figure 7. G Siebener. 
 
 siwwezeh[*~"], seventeen. G siebzehn. 
 
 siwwezeht[*~~], seventeenth. G siebzehnt. 
 
 siwwezich[*~~], seventy. G siebzig. 
 
 siwwezichscht[*~~], seventieth. G siebzigst. 
 
 Skorpion[*~~], m, Scorpio (sign of the zodiac). 
 G Skorpion. 
 
 so["], such: — kinner; so, thus, ordinarily, 
 as itis. Gso. 
 
 soball["*], as soon as. G sobald. 
 
 socke[*™], m, foot of a stocking, sock, remains 
 of woven goods. G Socke. 
 
 sodbrenne(s)[~~~], n, heartburn, water-brash. 
 G Sodbrennen. 
 
 soddich[*~], such. Gsolch. Cf soich, sollich. 
 
 soddre, suddre[’~], pp gsoddert, to simmer, 
 burn as a smothered fire. Verb in -ern 
 from sott past tense of G sieden. 
 
 sode[~~], soda. G Soda. 
 
 sodegleiche[~~~~], such like; un —, and so 
 forth. G so dergleichen. 
 
 sofe[~~], n, sofa. G Sofa. 
 
 sogar["~], even. G sogar. 
 
 soh*, suh*["], m, pl seh”, son. G Sohn. 
 sohl["], f, sole. G Sohle. 
 
 sohlledder[~~~], n, sole-leather. G Sohlleder. 
 
 sohle[~~], pp* "gsohlt, to sole, flog, charge an 
 exorbitant ei G sohlen. 
 
 eee: “], £, daughter-in-law. G Sohnes- 
 rau. 
 
 soich[~~], such. Adj from so (like solch = 
 MHG so +lich). 
 
 solang[~“], as long (as). G solang(e). 
 
 solle[*~], pp gsollt, shall, be intended to, are 
 to, be said to. G sollen. 
 
 sollich[* “], such. G solch. 
 
 ISI 
 
 xgaiks same, sume[~~], m, seed, growing grain, 
 
 ee amen. 
 me[~~] =so me 
 
 at | feld[*~~|, n, field sowed in wheat or 
 rye; i conn “], m, clover for seed; -kern 
 (aa yf. erain, of seed; zkeim[*~™], f, coty- 
 ledon; ’ ckopp[*~*1, m, seed-pod; -schtaéb 
 [~~"], m, pollen. 
 
 soot["], f, seed, growing grain, season for 
 sowing winter cereals; —- nausmache, to do 
 seeding (of wheat and rye). G Saat. 
 
 soot || feld[~~], n, field sowed in wheat or rye; 
 -frucht|~~], f, seed grain; zgrumbeer[*~"], 
 f, seed potato; -karn[~~], n, seed rye; 
 zlerrich|~~~], f, field lark; -weeze[~~~], m, 
 
 , seed wheat; -welschkarn[*~~], n, seed corn. 
 
 sore[~~] =so eenre, dat sing fem. 
 
 sott, sett[“], pl sotte, sette, should (past subj 
 
 of solle). G sollte. 
 soviel["~], as much (as), for all. G soviel. 
 soweit["~], as far (as). G soweit. 
 
 sozesaje["~~~], as good as, just about, almost: 
 mer sin — ferdich. G so zu sagen. 
 
 suche[*~], pp gsucht, to seek, look for. G 
 suchen. 
 
 sucht["], f, plague, ailment, complaint. G 
 Sucht. 
 
 sucki[*~], n, calf. Same stem as suckle. 
 
 suckle[*~], pp gsuckelt, to suck, play the 
 parasite. dG suggeln. 
 
 suckler[*~], m, parasite, sucker. PGsuckle. 
 
 sudde[*~], south. G Siiden. 
 
 suddel || erwet[*~~~], f, sloppy work; -wetter 
 [*~~*~], n, drizzly weather. 
 
 suddle[*~], pp gsuddelt, to drizzle. Gsudeln. 
 
 suddlich[*~], drizzling, rainy, wet. Adj from 
 suddle. 
 
 suddwescht[-~], south-west. G siidwest. 
 
 suff[-], m, intoxication. G Suff. 
 
 suk![7], call for cows. dG suck. 
 
 summ|~], f, sum. G Summe. 
 
 summe[*~], pp gsummt, to hum, drone. G 
 summen. 
 
 summer[*~], m, summer. G Sommer. 
 
 summer | beer|’~ “|, f, summer pear; cng 
 
 “|, {, summer complaint; =fleck[*~~], f 
 
 freckle: -fleckich|[*~ ~~], freckled; -gtanket 
 [°~~~], f, summer complaint; chitz[* ~~], f 
 summer heat; -kich[*~~], f, summer cook- 
 ing-house; -pocke[*~~~], pl, heat rash; 
 -schul[*~~], f, summer school; -vojjel[*~~~], 
 m, butterfly; -werscht[*~~], pl, summer 
 bologna; -wetter[*~~™~], n, summer weather. 
 
 summerich[*~~], like summer. G sommerig. 
 
 summers[*~], in the summer. G sommers. 
 
 sump[‘], m, marsh, bog, swamp. G Sumpf. 
 
 sumpich[*~], marshy, boggy, swampy. G 
 sumpfig. 
 sumploch[*~], n, swampy spot. GSumpfloch. 
 
 sumse[’~], pp gsumst, to hum. G sumsen. 
 
 f summe. 
 sunn[‘], f, sun. G Sonne. 
 sunnaufgang[*~~], m, sunrise. G Sonnenauf- 
 
 gang. 
 Sunndak[’"], m, Sunday. G Sonntag. 
 
152 
 
 sunndakschul[*~*], f, 
 Sonntagsschule. 
 
 sunndaks || hals[*~“], m, windpipe; ebbes in 
 der — grieje, to draw something into the 
 windpipe while swallowing; -gleeder[* ~~~], 
 pl, Sunday clothes; -kind[*~~], n, child 
 born on Sunday. 
 
 sunndaksich[*~~], (of or 
 Sunday. G sonntagich. 
 
 sunne[*~], pp gsunnt, to expose to the sun; 
 sich —, to bask in the sun. Gsonnen. 
 
 sunne || blumm[*~~], f, sunflower; -deppich 
 [°~~~], m, a quilt pattern; -finschdernis 
 
 , f, solar eclipse; -fisch[*~~], m, 
 
 sunfish; -fleck[*~~], f, freckle; -schei*[*~ 7], 
 m, sunshine; -schtich[*~~], m, sunstroke; 
 sschtrahi{*~"], m, sunbeam; -uffgang[-~*~], 
 m, sunrise; -uhr[*~"], f, sun-dial; -unner- 
 gang[~~*~~], m, sunset. 
 
 sunnerbar, sunderbar[“~~], strange, peculiar, 
 unexpected. G sonderbar. 
 
 sunnich[*~], sunny. G sonnig. 
 
 sunnuff[*~], m, sunrise. G Sonnenauf(gang). 
 
 sunscht, schunscht[-], else, otherwise, at 
 other times. G sonst. 
 
 supel[*~], supple, agile, spry. F souple. E 
 supple. 
 
 superdent["~*], superintend[~~~*], m, super- 
 intendent. dG superdent. 
 
 supp[‘], f, soup. G Suppe. 
 
 suppe || bohn[*~"], f, navy bean; -fleesch 
 [*~"], nm, soup meat; -gnoche[*~~~], m, 
 soup bone; -leffel[*~~~], m, tablespoon; 
 -schissel[*~~™~], f, soup dish, tureen. 
 
 Suss[~], f, Sue, Susie < Sussanne. 
 
 Sussanne[~*~], f, Susanna. G Susanna. 
 
 synod[~~], f, synod. G Synod. 
 
 Sunday school. G 
 
 pertaining to) 
 
 eveuve 
 
 J, 
 tabernakel[*~~~], m, tabernacle. G Taber- 
 nakel. 
 tadle[~~], pp getadelt, to censure, find fault. 
 G tadeln. 
 tadler[~~], m, fault-finder. G Tadler. 
 termin|’*], m, term, limit. G Termin. 
 
 takt[“], m, bar in music, rhythm. G Takt. 
 
 talent[“~], n, talent, natural gift. G Talent. 
 
 tand[“], m, toy. G Tand. 
 
 tanne|*~], f, fir. G Tanne. 
 
 tarm, tarn, turm[’], m, spire, steeple. G 
 Turm, dG torn. 
 
 tatz[“], f, paw, fingers. G Tatze. 
 
 taused[~~], thousand. G tausend. 
 
 tax[~], m, tax. GTaxe. Wholly from E. 
 
 taxbar[*"], taxable. E tax+G-bar. 
 
 tax || bezahler[*~~~], m, taxpayer; -frei[**], 
 tax-exempt; -geld{*~], n, money for taxes. 
 
 taxe[*~], pp getaxt, to tax, charge. G 
 taxieren. Wholly from E. 
 
 tee["], m, tea; im — sei”, to betipsy. G Tee. 
 
 tee || blatt[“~], n, tealeaf; -blettche, -blettli 
 [~~~], n, saucer; -graut[*~], n, golden-rod; 
 skann[~~], f, teapot; -kessel[*~~], m, tea- 
 kettle; -leffel[+~~], m, teaspoon. 
 
 The Pennsylouania-German Society 
 
 tempel[*~], m, temple. G Tempel. 
 tempere[’*~~], pp getempert, sich, to use 
 moderation, calm down, be temperate. 
 
 G tempern. 
 
 teshdement[*~’], n, testament. G Testa- 
 ment. 
 
 text[], m, text. G Text. 
 
 ticher, dicher[~~], m, tiger. G Tiger. 
 
 ticke[*~], pp getickt, to tick. G ticken. 
 tiddel[*~], m, title. G Titel. 
 tiddeliere[-~*~], pp tiddeliert, to coax. G 
 
 titulieren. 
 
 Till(i)[*~], f, Tillie. Dim of Mathilde. 
 
 Till(i)[*“], m, Tilghman. Dim of Tilghman. 
 
 tinktur[*"], f, tincture. G Tinktur. . 
 
 titel[~~], m, title. G Titel. 
 
 toll || beer[*], f, belladonna; -kersch[*~], f, 
 belladonna. 
 
 ton[{"], m, sound, tone. G Ton. 
 
 tour["], f, trip, walk, turn (especially a cus- 
 tomary act of the kind). G Tour <F tour. 
 
 trapp, tripp, trapp![“], imitating the sound of 
 heavy steps (nursery rhyme). 
 
 trappe[*~], pp getrappt, to step (heavily). 
 G trappen. 
 
 trei["], faithful, true. G treu. 
 
 treie[~~], f, troth. G Treue. 
 
 treiherzich[~~~], simple-hearted, faithful. G 
 treuherzig. 
 
 treilos[~"], faithless. G treulos. 
 
 Trippstrill[*~], mame of a_ ballad. 
 Trippstrill, a village in Suabia. 
 
 trommel[*~], f, jews-harp. G Trommel. 
 
 trotz[-], in spite of. G trotz. 
 
 trotz[“], m, defiance. G Trotz. 
 
 trotze, drotze[’~], pp getrotzt, to be defiant, 
 sulk. G trotzen. 
 
 trotzich[*~], defiant, spiteful. G trotzig. 
 
 trotzkopp[*~], m, headstrong person. G 
 Trotzkopf. 
 
 nici SIN m, drunkard. G Trunken- 
 
 old. 
 Tschockeri[*~~]; see Schocheri. 
 tyrann[~*], m, tyrant. G Tyrann. 
 
 U 
 
 u*beerschtich[*~™~], uncivil. 
 
 u*barmherzich[*~~~], unmerciful. G_  un- 
 barmherzig. 
 
 u*bedenkt[*~~], inadvertently. Gunbedacht. 
 
 u*bekannt|*~~], unknown. G unbekannt. 
 
 u*bekehrt[*~~], unconverted. G unbekehrt. 
 
 u*bekimmert[*~~~], careless. G unbekiim- 
 mert. 
 
 u*bennich, unbennich[*~~], untamable, un- 
 controllable. G unbandig. 
 
 u*beschreiblich[’ “*~], indescribable. G un- 
 beschreiblich. 
 
 u*bewusst[*~™], in ignorance. 
 
 u*dank, undank[*~], m, ingratitude. G 
 Undank. 
 
 ufer[~~], n, bank, shore. G Ufer. 
 
 uff[-], on, upon, for: — di grischdakszeit; 
 up; open; bis —, except, all but, up to; 
 
 From 
 
 G unbewusst. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 153 
 
 — (ebbes) hi~, on the strength of; — un 
 devun, fled, gone; vun gleenem —, from 
 childhood; ebbes — sich hawwe, to be a 
 matter of consequence; was is do —, what’s 
 the matter here. G auf. 
 
 uff-[“], separable prefix of verbs, and prefix of 
 derived words. G auf-. 
 
 uff || backe[*~~], to use up in_ baking; 
 sberschde[*~~], to brush up; -banke[*~~], 
 to bank (a fire); -basse[*~~], to watch, pay 
 attention; -baue[*~~], to build up, con- 
 struct, erect; -beisse[*~~], to bite open; 
 sbessere[*~~~], to ameliorate; -bieje[*~~], 
 to bend up or open; -bindle[*~~], to get 
 (a woman) in the family way; -binne[*~~], 
 to rake and bind (in harvest), bind, tie 
 up; -blaehe[*~~], to bloat; -blaschdre[*~™], 
 to patch up, cure; -blaudre[*~~], ebbes, to 
 persuade (some one) to buy something, 
 palm something off; -bleiwe[* ~~], to remain 
 open, stay up, watch; -blicke[*~~], to look 
 up; -blocke[*~~], to block up, build a log 
 house; -blose[’~~], to inflate, blow up, 
 blow open; -bluje[*~~], to plow up; -bome 
 [°"~], to wind up the warp on a cylinder 
 preparatory to weaving  rag-carpet; 
 -brauche[*~~], to use up; -breche[*~~], to 
 break up, adjourn, go bankrupt; -brenne 
 [*~~], to burn up; -bringe[*~~], to restore 
 (a sick person), rear, adduce (against a 
 person); -buckere[*~~~], to dent, damage, 
 mar; -butze[*~~], to dress up, clean up, 
 winnow (grain); -dae[*~~], to thaw, melt; 
 -derre[*~~], to dry up; -damme[*~~], to 
 dam; -decke[*~~], to uncover, disclose, 
 expose; -deele[*~~], to apportion; -dopple 
 [*~~], to double up; -draje[*~~], to serve; 
 -drede[*~~], to step on, set one’s foot on 
 the ground; -drehe[’~~], to untwine, screw 
 open, turn up; -drenne[*~~], to rip; 
 -dricke[*~~], to squeeze open; -drickle 
 [*~~], to dry up; -driewe[*~~], sich, to 
 become cloudy; -drinke[*~™~], to drink up; 
 -drumme[*~~], to arouse interest; -du* 
 [*"], to erect, preserve (fruit), put on (a 
 hat); sich —, to dress up; ebbes —, to 
 repair something; -ducke[*~™~], to raise the 
 head or body suddenly; -eeje[*~"], to 
 loosen by harrowing; -eejne[*~~], to own 
 up (from E); -esse[*~~], to eat up; -fahre 
 [‘"~], to rise abruptly, fly up in anger; 
 sfalle[*~~], to fall on, fall open, cause an 
 open wound by falling; -fange[*~~], to 
 catch (up), gather in, snatch up, arrest; 
 -feichde[*~~], to moisten; -feiere[*~~~], to 
 start a fire, make a fire better; -feile[*~~], 
 to file open; -fiedre[*~~], to improve 
 by good feeding, use up as fodder; -fiehre 
 [~~], sich, to behave; sich schlecht —, to 
 misbehave; -fiehrung[*~~], f, conduct; 
 sflackre[*~~], to flame up; -flamme[*~™~], to 
 flame up; -flattre[*~~], to flutter up; -flieje 
 [‘~~], to fly up; -folje[*~~], to follow up; 
 sfresse[*~~], to devour; -frische[*~~], to 
 freshen up, refresh; -frischung[*~~], f, re- 
 
 freshment; «gawwle[*~~], to pick up, fork 
 up; -geblose[*~~~], bloated; -gedrosse 
 [*~~~], bloated; -gedu*[*~ 7], dressed up; 
 -geh*[’"], to rise, sprout, open, become un- 
 done, bloom, thaw; -geklaert[*~™], en- 
 lightened; -gelebt[*~"], cheerful, jolly; 
 egelese[*~~~], picked up; en -nes_ kind, 
 an illegitimate child; sgepulschdert[’~~~], 
 disarranged, messed; -gewachse[*~~~], full- 
 grown; en uffgewachsner, an adult; -gewwe 
 [*~~], to give up, yield, deliver up, abdicate, 
 concede, discontinue, assign (a_ task); 
 sgfriere|[* ~~], to freeze up; -gloppe[*~~], to 
 open by hammering; -glore[*~~], to clear 
 up; -gnippe[*~~], to unbutton; -graddle 
 {*~~], to get up with difficulty; -grapsche 
 [*~“], to grasp up; -gratze[*~™~], to scratch 
 open, start off suddenly; -grawe[*~~], to 
 dig up, disinter; -grieje[*~~], to cause to 
 rise, originate, arrange; -grimmle[*~~], to 
 crumble up; -gritzle[*~~], to use up in 
 scribbling; zgrumble[*~~], to crumble up; 
 -grussle[*~~], to curl up; -gscherre[*~~], 
 to put harness on a horse; -gschwelle[*~~], 
 to swell up; -gucke[*~~], to look up; 
 sgwelle[*~~], to swell from moisture; 
 zhacke[*~~~], to chop up, cut open, hoe, cut 
 up (a carcass); zhalte[*~~], to hinder, de- 
 tain, stand by one’s guns; sich —, reside; 
 sich iwwer ebbes —, to worry about some- 
 thing; -harriche[*~~~], to give ear, listen; 
 zhaufe[{* ~~], to hoard; -hawwe[*~~], to have 
 on, wear, have open; -zheere[* ~~], to cease, 
 stop; -heifle[*"~], to heap up, amass; 
 zhelfe[*~~], to help up, give a lift; -helle 
 [*~~], to clear up; zhenke[*~~], to hang up, 
 suspend; -hetze[*~~], to stir up, instigate; 
 zshewe[*~~], to pick up, lift up, keep for 
 future use, save, hold back; -hitze[*~~], to 
 heat up; zhocke[*~™], to sit up (especially 
 in convalescence); -hoke[*~~], to unclasp; 
 zhuddle[*~~], to tangle, confuse; -hunse 
 [°~~], to waste; -hutzle[*~™], to shrivel up; 
 jaje[* ~~], to drive out of bed, chase from a 
 lair; -kafe[*~~], to buy up; -kaue[*~~], to 
 chew up; -kehre[*~~], to sweep up; -kenne 
 [*~~], to be able to get up; -kindiche[*~~~], 
 to annul; -kinne[*~~], to serve a quit 
 notice, give notice of leaving; -klappe[*~™~], 
 to open, fly open; -kneppe[*~~], to un- 
 button; -koche[*~~], to boil up; -kumme 
 [*~~], to sprout, germinate, prosper, recover 
 from an illness, spring up, rise, arise, meet 
 requirements; — losse, to admit, acknowl- 
 edge; -lade[-~~], to load; -laese[*~~], to 
 convalesce. dGsich —; -lafe[*~~], to walk 
 up to, become inflamed, swell; -lauerer 
 [°~~~], m, lurker; -laure[*~~], to lie in 
 ambush; -leichte[*~~], to light up; -leie 
 {[*~~], to lie open, rest upon; sich —, to 
 become bedsore; -leje[*~~], to lay up 
 (stones, logs), impose, inflict, apply, lay by, 
 save; sich —, to protest; -lese[*~~], to 
 pick up, catch (contagious diseases); -lewe 
 [*"~], to use in living, spend; -lockere 
 
154 
 
 [*~~~], to loosen; -losse[*~~], to leave open, 
 permit to get up, keep on, stop; -lowe 
 [‘"~], to praise; -mache[*~~], to open, 
 become reconciled, raise (money), make up; 
 emeerricke[*~~~], to mark down, record; 
 emahle[*~~], to grind up; -meschde[*~~}, 
 to fatten; -messe|*~~], to measure (grain); 
 smisse[’~~], to be compelled to get up; 
 -muntre[’~~], to encourage; -muntering 
 [°~~~], f, encouragement; -nmemme[*~~], to 
 take up, entertain, take offence, nominate, 
 arrest; hawwer —, to rake and bind oats; 
 -enemmer[*~~], m, person who raked and 
 bound the grain after the man with a grain- 
 
 cradle; -packe[*~~], to pack up, gather, 
 improve; -palde[*~~], to keep on (one’s 
 hat); -petze[*~~], to pinch open; -picke 
 
 [°~~], to pick up, gather, improve; -poke 
 [*-~], to stir up; -quelle[*~~], to spring up, 
 swell; -raffe[*~~], to snatch up; -rame|* ~~], 
 to clean away, tidy up, put in order; -reche 
 [*~~], to rake up; -reisse[* ~~], to tear open, 
 open wide; es maul —, to find fault, accuse; 
 -reiwe[’~~], to rub open; -reje[’~~], to 
 excite, stir up; -retze[*~~], to arouse; 
 -richte[’~~], to raise, erect; -riddle[*~~], to 
 shake up, cast up (to some one); -riehre 
 [-"~], to stir up, rouse, agitate, excite; 
 -yiehrer[*"~], m, insurgent; -riehrisch 
 [*-~], rebellious, disturbed, uneasy; -risch- 
 de[*~~], to make preparations for meals (at 
 funerals); -rolle{[*~~], to roll up, unroll; 
 zroppe[*~~], to pull up, pluck; -roschde 
 [*~~], to rust away; -rufe[*~~], to call up; 
 -saddle[*~~], to put a saddle on, saddle 
 (some one) with; -saeje[*~~], to saw up; 
 -saje[*~~], to recite; -saufe[*~~], to drink 
 up, spend in drink; -scherre[*~~], to 
 scratch open; -scheppe[*~~], to shovel up, 
 dip up, clear of snowdrifts; -schiesse[* ~~], 
 to shoot up, grow fast; -schiewe[* ~~], to 
 push open, postpone, procrastinate; 
 -schinne[*~~], to abrade; =-schitte[*~~], 
 eens, to take a drink; -schittle[*~~], to 
 shake up; -schlajje[*~~], to turn up, open, 
 raise (the frame of a building), post advance 
 in price; en eise —, to shoe a horse; sich 
 der kopp —, to abrade one’s head by knock- 
 ing against; -schliesse[*~~], to unlock; 
 -schlitze[*~~], to slit open; -schmeisse 
 [*-~], to resign, relinquish, back out, vomit; 
 -schmelse[*~~], to melt up; -schmutze 
 [*~~], to sleek up, begrease; -schnalle[*~~], 
 
 to buckle on, unbuckle; -schnappe[*~™], 
 to tilt; -schneide[*~~], to cut open or up; 
 -schneppe[*~™], to pry up; -schniere[*~~], 
 to lace, unlace; -schperre[*~~], to open 
 wide; es maul —, to gape, yawn; -schpan- 
 ne[*~~], to put up (a line), open (an um- 
 brella); -schpare[*~~], to save; -schpiele 
 [*"~], to play up; -schpiele[*”~], to wash 
 dishes; -schpinne[*~~], to use up in spin- 
 ning; -schplitte[*~~], to split up; -schpringe 
 [*~~], to jump up, burst, chap (of hands); 
 
 «schreiwe|*~~], to write down, register, 
 
 The Pennsyloania-German Society 
 
 charge; -schtachle[*~~], to stir up, incite; 
 -schterme[*~~], to rise in anger; -schtarre 
 [~~], to stir up; -schtechel*~™~], to open 
 with a pointed instrument; -schtecke[*~~], 
 to put up, wager; -schteh*I*"], to rise, 
 arise, stand open; -schteibre[*~~], to prop 
 up or open; -schteije[*~~], to ascend, rise, 
 come on (a thunderstorm); -schtelle[’ ~~], 
 to put up, erect, stop (at an inn); -schtick- 
 ere[*~~~], to piece; -schtifde[*~~], to pro- 
 voke, instigate, egg on; -schtiwwre[*~™], to 
 rouse, flush (a bird); -schtoosse[*~~], to 
 belch; -schtoppe[*~~], to clog; -schtrecke 
 [*~~], to stretch up; -schwelle[*~~], to swell 
 up, bloat; zschwetze[*~~], to talk up (toa 
 person), talk (some one) into taking, palm 
 off on; -setze[*~~], to set.up, treat, put on 
 (a hat); -sitze[*~~], to sit up, be convales- 
 cent; -suche[*~~], to search for, look up; 
 -wache[*~~], to wake up; -werme[’~~], to 
 
 warm up; -warte[’~~], to wait on; -wecke 
 [*~~], to wake, rouse, arouse; -weeche 
 [*"~], to soak, soften by soaking; -weise 
 
 [*"~], to show; ebber —, to expose some 
 one; -wenne[*~~], to turn (hay), ted; 
 -wesche[*~~], to wash up, scrub (a floor); 
 -wickle[*~~], to unwrap, untwine, wind up; 
 -wiehle[*~~], to root up; -wische[*~™~], to 
 make a big spread for (some one); -wolle 
 [~~], to want to get up; -zaehle[*~~], to 
 count up, add; -zame[*~~], to bridle (a 
 
 horse); -zehre[*~~], to consume, waste 
 away; -zieje[*"~], to wind up, draw up, 
 bring up, rear, raise; -zijjele[*~~~], to 
 
 put harness on a horse; -zwacke[*~~], to 
 play a sharp trick upon (some one); 
 -zwinge[*~~], to force upon. 
 
 uffe[*~], open. G offen. 
 
 uffem|*~] =uff em. 
 
 uffenanner|*~~~], atop of one another. G 
 aufeinander. 
 
 uffee*mol[~*"], all at once. G auf einmal. 
 
 uffemol[~~*], at one time. G auf einmal. 
 
 uffen(t)halt[*~~], aufenthalt[~~~], m, abode, 
 retreat, whereabouts. G Aufenthalt. 
 
 uffhalting[*~~], f, abode, upkeep. G Auf- 
 haltung. 
 
 uffhebrieme[*~~~], back-strap. G Aufhebe + 
 Riemen. 
 
 uffme|*~] =uff me. 
 
 uffre[’ ~] =uff re. 
 
 uffrichtich[*~~], 
 aufrichtig. 
 
 uffruhr, uffrohr[*"], m, uproar, commotion. 
 G Aufruhr. 
 
 uffs[“] =uff es. 
 
 uffschpielwasser[*~~~], n, 
 
 upright, sincere, true. G 
 
 dishwater. G 
 
 Aufspiil +Wasser. 
 
 uffschtennich[*~~], provoked, resentful. G 
 aufstandig. 
 
 uffschtoosses[*~~], n, belching. G Aufstos- 
 sen. 
 
 uffsetzich[*~~], obstinate, vexed. G auf- 
 setzig. 
 
 uffwerts[*~], upwards. G aufwarts. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 uffwarting[* ~~], f, waiting on, hospitality. G 
 Aufwartung. 
 
 uhmet[~~]=ohmet. Q. v. 
 
 uhr[7], f, clock, o’clock; (so) ’n uhre zwee, 
 about two o’clock. G Uhr. 
 
 uhre || gsicht[~~~], n, clock dial; -kaschde 
 [~~~~], m, clock case; -zmacher[*~~~], m, 
 clock maker; -schpring[~~~], f, clock spring; 
 -werrick|~~~~], n, works of a clock. 
 
 Ulla[’~], f, dim of Ulrike, celebrated in the 
 “Ulla, Ulla ei” ballad. 
 
 ulme[*~], f, elm. G Ulme. 
 
 um|~], for the purpose of, in order to; about, 
 
 around, at, out of; — sei” geld kumme, to 
 lose one’s money; so — di viere, about four 
 o’clock; der bam is —, the tree is down; 
 ich gebb nix — di erwet, I don’t mind 
 
 work, I don’t care for work. Gum. 
 
 um-[“], separable and inseparable prefix of 
 verbs. Gum-. 
 
 u*manierlich, ummanierlich[*~ ~~], 
 nerly. G unmanierlich. 
 
 umarme[’*~], pp umarmt, to embrace, hug. 
 G umarmen. 
 
 umbarzle[’~~], pp umegebarzelt, to tumble 
 over. Gum-4dG borzele. 
 
 umbehilflich, unbehilflich[* ~~~], helpless, awk- 
 ward. G unbehilflich. 
 
 umbeholfe, u~beholfe[*~~~], helpless. G un- 
 beholfen. 
 
 umbieje[’~~], pp umgeboje, to bend over or 
 down. G umbiegen. 
 
 umblose[*~~], pp umgeblose, to blow over or 
 down. G umblasen. 
 
 umbluje[*~~], pp umgeblukt, to turn with the 
 plow. G umpfliigen. 
 
 umbreche[*~~], pp umgebroche, to break 
 down. G umbrechen. 
 
 umbringe[*~~], pp umgebrocht, to kill. G 
 umbringen. 
 
 umdrehe[*~~], pp umgedreht, to turn over, 
 revolve, twirl. G umdrehen. 
 
 umdrehung[* ~~], f, rotation. G Umdrehung. 
 
 umdu*[*"], pp umgedu%, sich, to look about, 
 inquire, look after. G umtun. 
 
 u*mechtich, ummechtich[*~~], in a faint, 
 swooning. G ohnmichtig. 
 
 u“meeglich, u~miejlich[*~~], impossible. G 
 unméglich. 
 
 u*meeglichkeit, u~miejlichkeit[*"~"], f, im- 
 possibility. G Unméglichkeit. 
 
 umenanner|’~~~], around one another. G 
 umeinander. 
 
 u*mensch[*~], m, monster, brute. G Un- 
 mensch. 
 
 umfahre[’ ~~], pp umgfahre, to make a detour. 
 G umfahren. 
 
 umfalle[’~~], pp umgfalle, to fall down, fall 
 over, tip. G umfallen. 
 
 umfang[*~], m, circumference. G Umfang. 
 
 umfasse[*~~], pp umgfasst, to measure into 
 other containers; [’*~], pp umfasst, to em- 
 brace, twine about. G umfassen. 
 
 umgang[’~], m, intercourse, acquaintance. 
 G Umgang. 
 
 unman- 
 
 155 
 
 umgangsschproch[*~"], f, vernacular. GUm- 
 gangssprache. 
 
 umgeh*[*"], pp umgange, to make a detour, 
 go out of one’s way, manage, handle; — 
 mit, to have dealings with. G umgehen. 
 
 umgejend[*~~], f, vicinity, neighborhood, 
 surrounding country. G Umgegend. 
 
 umgenglich[*~~], sociable. G umgianglich. 
 
 umgnalle[*~~], pp umgegnallt, to shoot down. 
 G um +knallen. 
 
 umgnicke[*~~], pp umgegnickt, to bend and 
 fall over without breaking entirely. G 
 umknicken. 
 
 umgrees|* "|, f, surrounding section, circuitous 
 route. G Umkreis. 
 
 umhacke[*~~], pp umkackt, to chop down. 
 G umhacken. 
 
 umher[~*], around, round about. G umher. 
 
 umherlafe[-“~~], pp umhergeloffe, to gad, 
 wander. G umherlaufen. 
 
 umhang[*~], m, curtain. G Umhang. 
 
 umhenke[*~~], pp umkonke, to enclose with 
 curtains. G umhangen. 
 
 umhenkel[*~~], n, window curtain. 
 from umhenke. 
 
 umkehre[*~~], pp umgekehrt, to invert, re- 
 verse, turn over, turn around, turn back. 
 G umkehren. ; 
 
 umkumme|*~~], pp umkumme, to be killed, 
 perish. G umkommen. 
 
 ae “], m, circulation, whitlow. G Um- 
 auf. 
 
 umleie[*~~], pp umgelejje, to lie flat (after 
 having been blown or knocked down). G 
 um +leie. 
 
 umleje[*~~], pp umgelekt, to lay over or on 
 the side. G umlegen. 
 
 ummache[*~™~], pp umgemacht, to cut down 
 (a tree). G ummachen. 
 
 ummacht, u*macht[*~!, f, swoon. G Ohn- 
 macht. 
 
 ummaehe[’ ~~], pp umgemaeht, to mow down. 
 G ummiahen. 
 
 umniete[*"~], pp umgeniet, to rivet, clinch. 
 G umnieten. 
 
 umrees[’ "|, f, circuit. .G Umreise. 
 
 umreisse[*~~], pp umgerisse, to tear down, 
 demolish. G umreissen. 
 
 umrenne[*~~], pp umgerennt, to knock over, 
 
 Noun 
 
 upset. G umrennen. 
 umringe[“*~], pp umringt, to surround. G 
 umringen. 
 
 umrolle[’~~], pp umgerollt, to roll over. G 
 umrollen. 
 
 ums[~] =um es; eens — anner, one after the 
 other. 
 
 umsaeje[*~~], pp umgsaekt, to saw down. G 
 umsagen. 
 
 umschiesse[*~~], pp umegschosse, to shoot 
 
 down. G umschiessen. 
 umschiewe[*~~], pp umgschowe, to push 
 over. G umschieben. 
 umschlack[*~], m, cover, wrapper. G Um- 
 
 schlag. 
 
156 
 
 umschlajje[*~~], pp umgschlajje, to knock 
 down, fold over. G umschlagen. 
 
 umschmeisse[*~~], pp umgschmisse, to throw 
 down, upset. G umschmeissen. 
 
 umschreiwe[*~], pp umschriwwe, to para- 
 phrase. G umschreiben. 
 
 umschterze[*~~], pp umgschterzt, to tumble, 
 fall over, upset, tilt, overturn. G um- 
 stiirzen. 
 
 umschtalle[*~~], pp umgschtallt, to change, 
 make other arrangements. G umgestalten. 
 
 umschtand[*~], m, circumstance, condition: 
 im familje —. G Umstand. 
 
 umschtilpe[* ~~], pp umgschtilpt, to turn over 
 (upside down), invert. G umstiilpen. 
 
 umschtoosse[*~~], pp umgschtoose, to knock 
 over, overthrow. G umstossen. 
 
 umsehne[’*~~], pp umgsehne, sich, to look 
 about, cast about, seek; eb mer sich — 
 kann, before one is aware of it. G um- 
 sehen. 
 
 umsunscht[-*], in vain. G umsonst. 
 
 umwandle[*~~], pp umgewandelt, to trans- 
 form. G umwandeln. 
 
 umwek[*"], m, detour. G Umweg. 
 
 umwelse[*~~], pp umgewelst, to overturn, re- 
 volve. G umwalzen. 
 
 umwische[*~~], pp umgewischt, to knock 
 down. G um-+wischen. 
 
 un[“], and. Gund. 
 
 un-[], (prefix) =not, un-, in- (im-, ir-), non-, 
 dis-, -less; usually becomes um- or u’- be- 
 fore words beginning with m, and sometimes 
 u’- before words beginning with b or other 
 consonants. G un-. 
 
 unabbeditlich[*~~~~], not appetizing, disagree- 
 able to taste or smell. G unappetitlich. 
 
 unabhengich[*~~~], independent. G_ unab- 
 hangig. 
 
 unachtsam[*~~], careless. G unachtsam. 
 
 unachtsamkeet[*~~~], f, carelessness. G Un- 
 achtsamkeit. 
 unaehnlich[*~~], unlike, dissimilar, G un- 
 
 ahnlich. 
 
 unerbermlich, umebermlich[-~*~],extremely, 
 Pa i not tobeendured. Gun-+erbarm- 
 lich. 
 
 unerdraejlich[-~*~], intolerable. G _ uner- 
 traglich. 
 unerfahre[-~*~], inexperienced. G_ uner- 
 fahren. 
 
 unserfahring[~~~~], f, ignorance, verdancy. 
 G Unerfahren(heit). 
 
 uneerheert[“~*], unheard-of. G unerhdrt. 
 
 unerlabt[~~*], not permitted, illicit. G uner- 
 laubt. 
 
 unerlebt[~~*], unheard-of. G unerlebt. 
 
 unzrmesslich[~~*~], immeasurable. G uner- 
 messlich. 
 
 unzerschprechlich[~~*™~], inexpressible. G un- 
 
 aussprechlich. 
 unzrwart[~~*], unexpected. G unerwartet. 
 unardich{*~~], mischievous, naughty. G un- 
 
 artig. 
 unardning|*~~], f, disorder. G Unordnung. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 unart[*~], f, naughtiness. G Unart. 
 
 una*schtendich[*~~~], unbecoming. G unan- 
 standig. 
 
 unausschprechlich[~ ~*~], inexpressible. G un- 
 aussprechlich. 
 
 unbardeiisch[~ ~*~], 
 unpartelisch. 
 
 unbarmherzich[*~~~], unmerciful, relentless. 
 G umbarmherzig. 
 
 unbarmherzichkeet[*~~~*"], f, unmercifulness, 
 cruelty. G Unbarmherzigkeit. 
 
 unbedenkt, unbedacht[*~~], thoughtless(ly), 
 without thinking, indiscrete. G unbe- 
 dacht. 
 
 unbegreiflich[~~*~], incomprehensible. G un- 
 begreiflich. 
 
 unbehilflich[-~*~], helpless. G unbehilflich. 
 
 unbeholfe[“~*~], awkward, unhandy, wooden. 
 G unbeholfen. 
 
 unbekannt[*~~], unknown, strange, unfam- 
 iliar. G unbekannt. 
 
 unbekehrt[*~"], unconverted. G unbekehrt. 
 
 neutral, impartial. G 
 
 unbekimmert[*~~~], indifferent. G unbekiim- 
 mert. 
 unbequem|[*~"], uncomfortable. G _ unbe- 
 
 quem. 
 
 unbeschraue[~ ~*~], unnoticed. Beschrauen is 
 an old pp of beschreien. dG unbeschraue. 
 
 unbeschtimmt[*~*], indefinite, uncertain, du- 
 
 bious. G unbestimmt. 
 unbeschtritte[“~*~], undisputed. G _ unbe- 
 stritten. 
 
 unbewechlich, unbeweklich[~ ~*~], immovable. 
 G unbeweglich. 
 
 unblessierlich, u*plessierlich[-~*~], unpleas- 
 ant. G unplaisierlich. 
 
 unbrowiert[“ ~~], untried. G un-+probiert. 
 
 undaedeli[’ ~~~], n, blemish, flaw: es war kee” 
 —dra*. G Untatchen, dG untatche. 
 
 undankbar[~*"], ungrateful. G undankbar. 
 
 undeitlich[* ~~], indistinct, vague, obscure. G 
 
 undeutlich. 
 
 undenklich[-*~], unthinkable, immemorial. 
 G undenklich. 
 
 unedlich[* ~~], ignoble. G unedel. 
 
 uneenich[’*~~], uneens[*"], disagreeing, at 
 variance. G uneinig. 
 
 uneenichkeet[*~~"], f, discord. G Uneinig- 
 keit. 
 
 unehrlich, u*ehrlich[*~~], dishonest. G un- 
 ehrlich. 
 
 unehrlichkeet[* ~~~], f, dishonesty. G Unehr- 
 lichkeit. 
 
 unendeckt[~~*], undiscovered. G unentdeckt. 
 
 unendlich[~*~], endless. G unendlich. 
 
 unewe[*~~], uneven. G uneben. 
 
 miericaege incapable, unable. G un- 
 ahig. 
 unfall[*~], m, mishap, mischance. G Unfall. 
 
 unfehlbar[“~~], unfailing. G unfehlbar. 
 unflaet[*~], mischievous, nasty. G unflatig. 
 unflat[*"], m, mischievous child or person, 
 
 nuisance. G Unflat. 
 unfreehlich[*~~], disgruntled, sour. G un+ 
 frdhlich. 
 
Pennsyloanta-German Dictionary 
 
 unfreindlich[*~~], unfriendly, unkind, 
 leasant (of weather), uncanny. 
 reundlich. 
 
 unfruchtbar[*~~], sterile. G unfruchtbar. 
 
 unfuch[*"], m, disorder. G Unfug. 
 
 ungern{*~], unwillingly. G ungern. 
 
 ungebacke[*~~~], lacking common sense. G 
 ungebacken. 
 
 ungeberscht[*~~], unbrushed, rowdyish. G 
 ungebiirstet. 
 
 ungebore[*~~~], unborn. G ungeboren. 
 
 ungebutzt[*~~], uncleaned, unmannerly. G 
 
 un- 
 G un- 
 
 ungeputzt. 
 ungeduld[’~~], f, impatience. G Ungeduld. 
 ungeduldich{*~~~], impatient. G ungeduldig. 
 
 ungeeschdimiert[*~~~*], not appreciated, not 
 respected. G un-+dastimiert. 
 
 ung(e)faehr[*~"], unggfaehr[*"], 
 ungefahr. 
 
 ungeheier[*~~~], immense, huge, monstrous; 
 awfully. G ungeheuer. . 
 
 ungeheier[*~~~], n, monster. G Ungeheuer. 
 
 ungehorsam|[*~~~], disobedient. G ungehor- 
 sam. 
 
 ungehorsamkeit[*~~~"], f, disobedience. G 
 Ungehorsamkeit. 
 
 ungelernt[*~~], illiterate. G ungelehrt. 
 
 ungemach[*~™], n, burden, discomfort. G 
 Ungemach. 
 
 ungemietlich[*~~~], unpleasant, uncanny. G 
 ungemiitlich. 
 
 ungerecht, u*gerecht/*~~], unjust, unright- 
 eous. G ungerecht. 
 
 ungerechterweis[*~~~"], unjustly. G unge- 
 rechter Weise. 
 
 ungeschtalt[*~~], n, deformed object. G un- 
 gestalt. 
 
 ungeschtiem[*~~], boisterous, inclement. G 
 ungestiim. 
 
 ungewehnlich[*~~~], uncommon. 
 wohnlich. 
 
 ungewiss|*~~], uncertain. G ungewiss. 
 
 ungeziemt[*’"], unbecoming. Gungeziemend. 
 
 ungeziffer|*~~~], n, vermin, rabble, mob. G 
 Ungeziefer. 
 
 ungezojje[*~~~], ill-bred, unruly. G unge- 
 
 about. G 
 
 G unge- 
 
 zogen. 
 unglablich, u*glablich[*~~], incredible. G 
 unglaublich. 
 
 unglawe, u~glawe[* ~~], m, disbelief, infidelity. 
 Unglaube. 
 
 unglawich[*~~], incredulous. G unglaubig. 
 
 ungleich[*~], unlike, dissimilar. G ungleich. 
 
 unglick[*~], n, accident, misfortune. G Un- 
 
 gliick. 
 
 unglicklich[*~~], unlucky, accidental, meeting 
 nit an accident, wretched. G ungliick- 
 lich. 
 
 unglicks || d&k[*~~], m, unlucky day; -oi[*~"], 
 n, unusually small egg. 
 
 unglor[*"], dim. G unklar. 
 
 ungrad[*~], uneven, odd, crooked. G unge- 
 rade. 
 
 ungraut, umgraut[*"], n, weed(s), undisci- 
 plined youth. G Unkraut. 
 
 157 
 
 ungsalse[*~~], unsalted. G ungesalzen. 
 
 ungscheit, u*gscheit[*"], foolish, unwise. G 
 ungescheit. 
 
 ungschickt, u~gschickt[*~], awkward, clumsy. 
 G ungeschickt. 
 
 ungsund, u*gsund[*~], unwell, not healthful, 
 of women during the menstrual period. G 
 ungesund. 
 
 ungut[* "], nix fer, no offence I hope. G ungut. 
 
 unheel[’"], n, mischief, harm. G Unheil. 
 
 unheemlich, u*heemlich[*~~], uncanny, 
 creepy, weird. G unheimlich. 
 
 unheemlichkeit[*"~"], f, weirdness. G Un- 
 heimlichkeit. 
 
 unhendich, u*hendich[*~~], unhandy, incon- 
 venient. Gun+dG hannig. 
 
 unkluch[*"], imprudent. G unklug. 
 
 unkoschde[*~™], pl, costs. G Unkosten. 
 
 unleidich, uleidlich, umleitich[*~~], dis- 
 agreeable, uncomfortable. G unleidlich. 
 
 unleserlich[’ ~~~], illegible. G unleserlich. 
 
 unmaessich[*~~], intemperate. G unmiAssig. 
 
 unmeeglichkeet, unmieglichkeet[*~~~], f, im- 
 possibility. G Unméglichkeit. 
 
 airtieate ss moran inhuman. G unmensch- 
 ich. 
 
 unmietich[*~~], displeased. G unmutig. 
 
 unnadierlich[*~~~], unnatural. G _ unnatiir- 
 lich. 
 unname[*~~], m, nickname. G Unname. 
 
 unne[*~], (adv) below, in a lower place; vun 
 owwe bis —, from top to bottom. G unten. 
 
 unne, unnich[*~], (prep) without. G ohne. 
 
 unnebei*[*~"], (approaching) from below. G 
 unten +herbei. 
 
 unnedarrich[*~~~], through below; der rejje 
 geht —, the rain is passing to the south. 
 G unten +durch. 
 
 unnedra[*~"], at the bottom. G unten+ 
 dran. 
 
 unnedrauss[*~*], in the lower part (geograph- 
 ically). G unten +draussen. 
 
 unnedrin[*~~], in below, in the bottom. G 
 unten +drin. 
 
 unneedich[*~~], unnecessary. G unndtig. 
 
 unnefehl[*~*], without fail. G ohne Fehl. 
 
 unneher|*~~], along the bottom or lower part. 
 G unten +her. 
 
 unnenaus[*~~], out below, down country. G 
 unten +hinaus. 
 
 unnenei*[*~~], in below, in under. 
 hinein. 
 
 unner, unnich{*~], (prep), under, below, be- 
 neath, among, between; unner, (adj) lower. 
 Gunter. dG unner, unnig. 
 
 unner-[*~], separable and inseparable prefix 
 of verbs. G unter-. 
 
 unnererdisch[*~~~], underground. G unter- 
 irdisch. 
 
 unneraus[*~], out below. G unten +heraus. 
 
 unner || bleiwe[*~~~], to stay under (water); 
 sbluje[*~~~], to plow under (as a cover 
 crop); -dricke[~~*~], to oppress; -geh™ 
 [*~"], to sink, set; -grawe[~~*~], to under- 
 mine; -hewe[*~~~], to hold under; -leje 
 
 G unten + 
 
158 
 
 [°~~~], to lay (something) under (as a stone 
 under a wheel to hold a wagon on a slope); 
 -nemme[~~’~], to undertake, attempt; 
 -schetze[-~*~], to underrate, depreciate; 
 -schiewe[*~~~], to push under; schreiwe 
 [---~], to sign; -schtecke[*~~~], to tuck 
 under (as the end of the band in binding 
 grain); -schteh[-~*], sich, to dare, pre- 
 sume; -schtelle[*~~~], to place or set under; 
 -schtitze[“~*~], to support, patronize; -setze 
 [~~~], to set under; -suche[~~*~], to in- 
 vestigate, examine; -zeichne[~~~~], to sign. 
 
 unnerdaenich[*~~~], subservient. G _ unter- 
 tanig. 
 
 unnerdeel[*~~], n, lower part. G Unterteil. 
 
 unnerdricker[~~*~], m, oppressor. G Unter- 
 driicker. 
 
 unnerdrickung|~~*~], f, oppression. G Unter- 
 driickung. 
 
 unnerei~[*~~], in below, (coming) up the road. 
 G unten +herein. 
 
 unne(re)nanner[’~~~~], one below the other, 
 between each other, among themselves, 
 mutually. G untereinander. 
 
 unnergang|’~~], m, setting, downfall. G 
 Untergang. 
 
 unnergleeder[*~~~], pl, underclothes. G Un- 
 terkleider. 
 
 unnerhalt[*~~], m, maintenance. G Unter- 
 halt. 
 
 unnerhemm|[*~~], n, undershirt. G Unter- 
 hemd. 
 
 unnerhols[’~~], n, underbrush. G Unterholz. 
 
 unnerhosse[*~~™~], pl, drawers. G Unterhose. 
 
 unneriwwer[*~~~], across down below. G 
 unten +heriiber. 
 
 unnerlehrer[*~~~], m, tutor. G Unterlehrer. 
 
 unnerleib[*~ 7], m, abdomen. G Unterleib. 
 
 unnerm|*~] =unner em. 
 
 unnerme|[*~~] =unner me. 
 
 unnern{*~] =unner en. 
 
 unnernemmung|~~*~], f, undertaking, enter- 
 prise. G Unternehmung. 
 
 unnerre[*~~] =unner re. 
 
 unnerricht[*~~], m, instruction; in der — geh’, 
 to attend catechetical instruction. G 
 Unterricht. 
 
 unnerrichtslehr[*~~~], f, catechetical instruc- 
 tion. G Unterrichtslehre. 
 
 unnerrock|*~~], m, petticoat. G Unterrock. 
 
 unners[*~] =unner es, under it. 
 
 unnerschitt[*~~], m, difference. G Unter- 
 schied. 
 
 unnerschittlich[*~~~], various, different. G 
 unterschiedlich. 
 
 unnerschlechtich[*~~~], undershot. G unter- 
 schlachtig. 
 
 unnerschreiwer[’~*~], m, signer. G Unter- 
 schreiber. 
 
 unnerschrift[*~~], f, signature. G Unter- 
 schrift. 
 
 unnerscht[*~], lowest; ’s — ’s ewwerscht, 
 
 upside down, topsy-turvy. G unterst. 
 unnerschtehende[*~~~~], im, when the horns 
 of the moon are turned downwards; im — 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Soctety 
 
 Grebs, when the moon is on the wane in the 
 sign of the Cancer. G unterstehend. 
 
 unnersich, unnerschich[*~], downwards. G 
 unter sich. 
 
 unnersuchung[~~~~], f, investigation, inquiry, 
 inquest, trial. G Untersuchung. 
 
 unneruff[‘~~], up from below, (coming) up 
 the road. G unten +herauf. 
 
 unnerum[*~~], around below. G unten+ 
 herum. 
 
 unnerweje[~~~~] losse, to refrain from, stop. 
 G unterwegen. 
 
 unnerweils[~~*], meantime. G unterweilen. 
 
 unnerweks|[~~*], on the way. G unterwegs. 
 
 unnerwelt[*~~], f, hades. G Unterwelt. 
 
 unnes[*~] =unne es, without it. 
 
 unnewedder[*~~~], against below, against the 
 bottom. G unten+wider. 
 
 unnich[*~] =unne (2) and unner. OQ. v. 
 
 unnichem|*~~] =unnich em, under the. 
 
 unnichme[*~~~]=unnich me, under a, (but 
 not ‘without a’’). 
 
 unnichre[*~~] =unnich re, under a, (but not 
 “‘without a’’ (fem)). . 
 
 el “]=unnich es, under the, without 
 the. 
 
 unnitz[*~], unnitzich[’~~], good for nothing, 
 
 mischievous. G unniitz. 
 
 unrecht, u*recht[*~], n, injustice. G Un- 
 recht. 
 
 unrechtmaessich[*~~~], illegal. G unrecht- 
 
 m§assig. 
 
 unreif[*], immature. G unreif. 
 
 unrein[*], unclean; -i zeit, menstrual period. 
 
 unrein. 
 
 unrichdich[*~~], false. G unrichtig. 
 
 unrichdichkeet[*~~"], f, inaccuracy. G Un- 
 richtigkeit. 
 
 unrot[* "|, m, rubbish, dirt, undesirable person 
 or animal. G Unrat. 
 
 unruh[*"], f, restlessness, disquietude, escape- 
 ment (of a watch); ewich —, perpetual 
 motion. G Unruhe. 
 
 unruhich[*~~], restless, uneasy. G unruhig. 
 
 uns[“], us, to us. G uns. 
 
 unschaedlich[*~~], harmless. G unschadlich. 
 
 unschee“heet[*~"], f, homeliness. G Un- 
 schénheit. 
 
 unschicklich[*~~], improper, inconvenient. G 
 unschicklich. 
 
 unschterblich[“*~], immortal. Gunsterblich. 
 
 unschtaetich[* ~~], inconstant, restless. G un- 
 statig. 
 
 unschuld[*~], f, innocence. G Unschuld. 
 
 unschuldich, u*schuldich[*~~], innocent, 
 blameless. G unschuldig. 
 
 Unschuldich Kindelsdak[-~~*~"], m, Inno- 
 
 cents’ Day (Dec. 28). 
 unser[*~], our; umsrer, unsri, umsers, ours. 
 G unser. 
 unsereem|*~~], dat of unsereens. 
 unsereens|*~ ~], such as we, we. 
 unsicher[*~~], uncertain, precarious. 
 sicher. 
 unsichtbar[*~~], invisible. 
 
 G unsereins. 
 
 G un- 
 
 G unsichtbar. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 unsinn[*~], m, nonsense. G Unsinn. 
 
 unsinnich[*~~], nonsensical, senseless. G un- 
 sinnig. 
 
 unsumm|[*~], f, immense amount. G Un- 
 summe. 
 
 unverdeelt[“~*], undivided. G unverteilt. 
 
 unverdient[’~~], undeserved. G unverdient. 
 
 unverdrosse[’~*™~], diligent, with alacrity, 
 unawed, undeterred. G unverdrossen. 
 
 unvergleichlich[~’*~], incomparable. G un- 
 vergleichlich. 
 
 unverhofft[“~*], unexpected. G unverhofft. 
 
 unverletzt[~~*], unhurt. G unverletzt. 
 
 unverninftich|’~~~], unreasonable, foolish. G 
 unverniinftig. 
 
 unvernunft[*~~], f, lack of reason, ignorance. 
 G Unvernunft. 
 
 unverschaemt|~~~], unverschaemlich[~ ~~~], 
 impudent. G unverschamt. 
 
 unverschrocke[~~*~], undismayed. G _ uner- 
 schrocken. 
 
 unverschtand|*~~], m, lack of sense, person 
 showing lack of sense. G Unverstand. 
 
 unverschteert[~~*], undisturbed. G _ unver- 
 stort. 
 
 unverschtennich[*~~~], unreasonable, lacking 
 common sense. G unverstandig. 
 
 unversehne[~~*~], unprovided, unaware. G 
 unversehen. 
 
 unversichert[~*~], unprotected. G_ unver- 
 sichert. 
 
 unverzacht, unverzakt[*~*], intrepid, undis- 
 mayed. G unverzagt. 
 
 unvorsichtich[*~~~],_ improvident, 
 thoughtless. G unvorsichtig. 
 
 unwahrheet[*~~], unwohret[*~~], f, untruth. 
 G Unwahrheit. 
 
 unwahrscheinlich[* ~~~], improbable, unlikely. 
 G unwahrscheinlich. 
 
 unwetter[*~~], n, storm, disagreeable weather. 
 G Unwetter. 
 
 unwillens[*~~], unwilling. G unwillens. 
 
 unwillich[*~~], loath. G unwillich. 
 
 unwissend[*~~], ignorant; unknowingly. G 
 unwissend. 
 
 unwohl[*~], not well. G unwohl. 
 
 unwohr[’"], untrue. G unwahr. 
 
 unzaehlich[* ~~], numberless.. G unzahlig. 
 
 unzahl[*~], f, great number. G Unzahl. 
 
 G unzei- 
 
 unzeidich[*~~], unripe, immature. 
 dissolute. G un- 
 ziichtich. 
 
 unzucht[*~], f, naughtiness. G Unzucht. 
 unzufridde[*~~~], discontented, dissatisfied. 
 G unzufrieden. 
 unzugenglich[*~~~], inapproachable. G un- 
 zuganglich. 
 urenkel[~~~], m, great-grandchild. G Urenk- 
 el. 
 
 careless, 
 
 tig. 
 unzichtich[*~~], immoral, 
 
 urgrossmutter[~~~~], f, great-grandmother. 
 G Urgrossmutter. 
 
 urgrossvatter[~~~~], 
 G Urgrossvater. 
 
 urhewer[~~~], m, originator, 
 
 Urheber. 
 
 m, great-grandfather. 
 
 instigator. G 
 
 159 
 
 ursach{~~], f, cause, reason, incentive. G 
 Urheber. 
 
 urschpringlich["*~], originally, from the be- 
 ginning. G urspriinglich. 
 
 urschprung[~~], m, origin, source. G Ur- 
 sprung. 
 urteil[~~], n, judgment, sentence. G Urteil. 
 
 urteile[~~ “hy pp geurteilt, to judge, sentence. 
 G urteilen. 
 
 urvatter[*~~], m, forefather. 
 
 u“vergenglich[*~~~], 
 G unvergianglich. 
 
 u“vergunnisch[*~~~], envious, 
 G un+vergénnen +isch. 
 
 u*vermeidlich[~~~~], inevitably. G unver- 
 
 G Urvater. 
 everlasting, immortal. 
 
 uncharitable. 
 
 meidlich. 
 
 uwing[~~], f, disturbance, noise. dG ubing. 
 G iiben. 
 
 u~zahl[*~], f, immense number. G Unzahl. 
 
 u*zucht[*~], f, unseemliness, noise, rumpus, 
 disorder. G Unzucht. 
 
 V 
 
 verri[*~], forward, front (in a vehicle, room 
 or crowd with a verb of motion). MHG 
 viirhin. 
 
 veerschich, versich[*~], forward. G vor sich. 
 
 versch(t)["], m, verse, stanza. G Vers. 
 
 vertel[*~], n, fourth, quarter. G Viertel. 
 
 vertel || daler[’~*~], m, quarter of a Soles: 
 zjaehrich[*~~~], quarterly; -pund[~~*], 
 quarter of a pound; -<schtunn[~’], £ 
 quarter of an hour. 
 
 verzeh[’], fourteen; — dak, fortnight, two 
 weeks; heit iwwer — dak, two weeks from 
 today. G vierzehn. 
 
 verzeht[*~], fourteenth. G vierzehnt. 
 
 verzich|*~], forty. G vierzig. 
 
 veerzichscht[*~], fortieth. G vierzigst. 
 
 vaeterlich[~~~], fatherly. G vaterlich. 
 
 var["], before, ago. G vor. 
 
 vardem|[*~], before this, previously, formerly. 
 G vordem. 
 
 varderhand[*~~], beforehand. G vorderhand. 
 
 vargeschder[*~~], day before yesterday. G 
 vorgestern, 
 
 vargeschdrowed[~~*~], evening before last. 
 G vorgestern abend. 
 
 varm|~]= var em. 
 
 varme|*~] =var me. 
 
 varmiddak[*~~], vormiddak[*~~], m, forenoon. 
 G Vormittag. 
 
 varmiddaks[’~"], in the forenoon. 
 mittags. 
 
 G vor- 
 
 varmjohr[’~], varremjohr[*~"], last year. dG 
 verm johr, G vor dem Jahre. 
 
 varn|~] =var en. 
 
 varne, vanne[*~], in front, before. G vorne. 
 
 varne || bei[*~"], (coming) from the front; 
 -dra[’~~], at the head, ahead; -drauss[’~*], 
 out front, in front; -drin[*~~], in the front 
 part of; -druff[*~~], on the front part; 
 zher[*~~], ahead, by way of preface; -hi* 
 [*~"], to the front; -naus[*~~], in advance, 
 ahead, out by the front way; -nei*[*~"], 
 
160 
 
 into the front, in by the front way; -niwwer 
 [*~~~], (crossing) over in front; -nuff[°~~], 
 up by the front way, up in front; -rei* 
 [*~"], in by the front way; -rum[*~™], 
 round (about) in front, around by the front 
 way; -weck[*~~], (taken or collected) .in 
 advance, before everything else; «wedder 
 [*~~~], against in front. 
 
 varnenaus || bezahle[’~*~ ~~], to pay inadvance; 
 -fahre[-~~~~], to drive ahead, drive at the 
 head; -geh*[*~~"], to leave by the front 
 way; [~~*"], to lead the way; -jaje[*~~ ~~], 
 to chase out the front way; [-~*~~], to 
 chase ahead, drive at the head of; -reide 
 [-~*"~], to ride in advance; -saje[-~*~~], 
 to tell in advance, predict; -schicke 
 {-~<~~], to send on before; -sehne[“~*~~], to 
 foresee; -wisse[~~*~~], to know in advance. 
 
 varnenewegaul[~~*~~], m, the off horse of the 
 two leaders. G-vorne+neben+dG gaul. 
 
 varre[*~] =var re, in front of her. 
 
 varrem|*~] =var em, in front of him. 
 
 vartel, vertel[*~], m, advantage, knack: er 
 hott mer der — genumme. G Vorteil. 
 
 vartelhaft[*~~], advantageous. G vorteilhaft. 
 
 vatter[*~], m, father (also of a priest). G 
 Vater, dG vadder. 
 
 vattere[*~~], pp gvattert, to adopt; sich —, 
 to resemble one’s father, act like one’s 
 father. G vatern. 
 
 vatter || land[*~~], n, fatherland; -mard[*~™], 
 m, patricide; -unser[’~*~], n, paternoster, 
 Lord’s Prayer. G Vaterunser. 
 
 vedder[*~], fore, front: veddre bee”, veddre 
 fiess, veddre zaeh”. G vorder. 
 
 vedder || gschzerr[*~™], n, harness of the leader 
 
 (horse); -schunke[*~~~], m, shoulder of 
 ham. 
 
 vedderscht[*~], first, foremost, front. G vér- 
 derst. 
 
 veilche[*~], n, violet. G Veilchen. 
 
 veiolich[~~~], f, violet, dG veiol. 
 
 vejjelche[*~~], n, little bird. G Végelchen. 
 
 vejjelmischt[*~~], m, droppings of birds, gu- 
 ano. G Vogelmist. 
 
 vellich[*~], fully. G védllig. 
 
 vendere[*~~] (v=f), pp gvendert, to risk, 
 
 venture; sich —, to risk, venture. E 
 venture. 
 ver[’], ago. Gor. Cf var. 
 
 ver-, ve-, ver-[“], inseparable prefix of verbs 
 and of derived nouns and adjectives. It 
 contains the idea of away (verjaje), waste 
 and reckless use (versaufe), close union or 
 fusion (verschmelse), warding off, prevent- 
 ing or hindering (verschtoppe), the opposite 
 of the verb to which it is joined (verachde), 
 E mis-, enlarging or intensifying the verbal 
 meaning (verfolje), in some cases takes the 
 place of the HG prefix er- (verzaehle), and 
 always takes the place of the HG prefix zer- 
 (verschlajje). G ver-. 
 
 verachde[“*~], pp veracht, to despise. G 
 verachten. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Soceity 
 
 verachdung[~*~], f, contempt. G Verachtung. 
 
 vererjere[~*~~], vex; sich —, to be vexed. G 
 ver +4rgern. 
 
 vererjerlich[-*~~], vexatious, provoking. 
 Adj from verzrjere. 
 
 vererjernis[~*~~], f, vexation. 
 vererjere. 
 
 vererre[’*~], pp vererrt, sich, to go astray, 
 lose one’s way. G verirren. | 
 
 vererwe[~~], pp vererbt, to bequeath. G 
 vererben. . 
 
 veralters[~*~], of yore, in olden times. 
 alters. 
 
 verantwarte[~*~~], pp verantwart, to answer 
 
 Noun from 
 
 G vor 
 
 for; sich —, to justify oneself. G ver- 
 antworten. 
 verantwartlich[~*~~], accountable. G verant- 
 
 wortlich. 
 
 verantwartlichkeet[“*~~"], f, accountability. 
 G Verantwortlichkeit. 
 
 verardne[~*~], pp verardent, to enact, order. 
 G verordnen. 
 
 verardning|[~ ~*~], f, order, regulation. G Ver- 
 ordnung. 
 
 verarje[“*~l, pp verarjet, to blame for, find 
 fault with. G verargen. 
 
 verarme|~*~], pp verarmt, to become poverty- 
 stricken. G verarmen. 
 
 verbabble[~*~], pp verbabbelt, sich, to talk 
 too long, blab out a secret. G ver+dG 
 babbele. 
 
 verbacke[~*~], pp verbacke, to use up in 
 baking. G verbacken. 
 
 verberje[“*~], pp verborje, to conceal. G 
 verbergen. 
 
 verbamble, verbemble[’*~], pp verbambelt, 
 to neglect, waste (time); geld —, to 
 squander money. G ver+dG bambele. 
 
 verbarje[“*~], pp verbarkt, to give on credit. 
 G verborgen. 
 
 verbasse[~*~], pp verbasst, to overlook, 
 neglect, pass (in cards). G verpassen. 
 
 verbatsche[~*~], pp verbatscht, to botch. 
 dG verbatsche. 
 
 verbaue[~~~], pp verbaut, to build up closely. 
 G verbauen. 
 
 verbei[“*], past, over. G vorbei. 
 
 verbei-[“~], separable prefix of verbs. G 
 vorbei-. 
 
 verbei || bringe[“*~~], to bring past; -dreiwe 
 {-*~~], to drive past; -fahre[-~~~], to drive 
 past (in a vehicle); -fiehre[-*~~], to lead 
 past; -flieje[““~~], to fly past; -geh~[~"], 
 to pass; -jaje[-“~~], to dash past; -kenne 
 [=~], to be able to get past; -kumme[~*~™], 
 to pass by; -lafe[-~~~], to walk past; -losse 
 [““~~], to allow to pass; -reide[-*~~], to 
 ride past; -renne[“*~~], to rush past; 
 -schiewe[“~~~], to push past; -schiesse 
 [--"~], to rush past; -schleefe[-*~~], to 
 drag past; «schleiche[-*~~], to sneak past; 
 -schtolpere[~*~~~], to stumble past; -sei* 
 [-*"], to be over. 
 
 verbeigehend[“* ~~], 
 
 passing. G _ vorbeige- 
 hend. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 verbeisse[“~~], pp verbisse, to gnaw at, chew 
 up, crush with the teeth. G verbeissen. 
 
 verbelse[“’~], pp verbelst, to pommel, beat 
 up, crush. G ver+pelzen. 
 
 verbessre[“*~], pp verbessert, to better, im- 
 
 - prove, amend, reform. G verbessern. 
 
 verbessrer[~*~], m, reformer. G Verbesserer. 
 
 verbessring[~*~], f, improvement. G Ver- 
 besserung. 
 
 verbieje[“*~], pp verboje, to bend out of 
 
 shape. G verbiegen. 
 verbiete[“~~], pp verbotte, to forbid. G 
 verbieten. 
 
 verbinne[’*~], pp verbunne, to tie up, com- 
 bine, join, unite, engage, oblige; sich —, 
 to obligate oneself. G verbinden. 
 
 verbinnung[~*~], f, junction, compact. G 
 Verbindung. 
 
 verblatsche[’*~], pp verblatscht, to splash 
 
 with mud, blab out a secret. G ver+ 
 platschen. 
 verblaudre[“~~], pp verblaudert, to over- 
 
 persuade, lead astray; sich —, to talk too 
 long, blab out a secret; sich — losse, (to 
 permit oneself) to be persuaded. G ver- 
 plaudern. 
 
 verblenne[~*~], pp verblennt, to blind, dazzle. 
 G verblenden. 
 
 verblennerei[’~~~], f, illusion, 
 witchery. G Verblenderei. 
 
 verbleschdere[-*~~], pp verbleschdert, to 
 overdo in plastering or the use of salve. 
 G verpflastern. 
 
 verblicke[-*~], pp verblickt, to pluck (to 
 pieces). G verpfliicken. 
 
 verbliehe[“~~], pp verblieht, to stop blooming. 
 G verbliihen. 
 
 verblieht[~*], faded. G verbliiht. 
 
 verbliffe[-*~], pp verblifft, to nonplus, dis- 
 concert. G verbliiffen. 
 
 verblose[“~~], pp verblose, to pass over. G 
 verblasen. 
 
 verblotze[~*~], pp verblotzt, to bruise by 
 falling, crush by falling. Gver+dG blotze. 
 
 verblummt[” *], covered with flowers or designs. 
 G verbliimt. 
 
 verblute[“~~], pp verblut, to lose blood, be- 
 smear with blood. G verbluten. 
 
 verbobble[~*~], pp verbobbelt, to coddle, 
 baby. G ver+dG bobbel. 
 
 witchcraft, 
 
 verborje(n)[“*~], concealed, secret. G _ ver- 
 borgen. ; 
 verbrauch[~*], m, use, consumption. G Ver- 
 
 brauch. 
 
 verbrauche[~*~], pp verbraucht, to use up. 
 G verbrauchen. 
 
 verbreche[~*~], pp verbroche, to break into 
 pieces. G verbrechen. 
 
 verbreche[~*~], n, offence, crime. G Ver- 
 brechen. 
 
 verbrecher[~*~], m, criminal. G Verbrecher. 
 
 verbreckle[~*~], pp verbreckelt, to break into 
 small pieces. G verbréckeln. 
 
 verbreete, verbreite[“~~], pp verbreet, to 
 spread. G verbreiten. 
 
 13 
 
 161 
 
 verbrenne[~’~], pp verbrennt, to burn up, 
 damage by burning. G verbrennen. 
 
 verbriehe[~~~], pp verbrieht, to scald, over- 
 scald (a hog or fowl). G verbriihen. 
 
 verbriet|“~], spoiled (of an egg that has been 
 set on a long time). G verbriiten. 
 
 verbrijjele[-*~~], pp verbrijjelt, to beat, 
 cudgel. G ver-+priigeln. 
 
 verbrillt|“*], given to crying. Gver-briillen. 
 
 verbringe[~*~], pp verbrocht, to squander. G 
 verbringen. 
 
 verbrunse[~*~], pp verbrunst, to bepiss. G 
 verbrunzen. 
 
 verbrutzt[“], prone to pout. G ver+dG 
 brutze. 
 
 verbuckre[~*~], pp verbuckert, to deface, mar, 
 spoil. G ver+dG bucker. 
 
 verbutzt[’’], dwarfed, stunted. G butzig. 
 
 verdacht[~*], m, suspicion. G Verdacht. 
 
 verderblich{~*~], pernicious. G verderblich. 
 
 verderre[“*~], pp verderrt, to dry up. G 
 verdorren. 
 
 verderwe[~*~], pp verdarwe, to spoil, destroy. 
 G verderben. 
 
 verdaje[-~~], pp verdakt, to adjourn. G 
 vertagen. 
 
 verdamme|~*~], pp verdammt, to damn; ver- 
 dammt sei, (I’ll be) damned (if). G 
 verdammen. 
 
 verdammnis|“*~], f, damnation. G Verdamm- 
 nis. 
 
 verdanke[’’~], pp verdankt, to owe to, have 
 to thank for. G verdanken. 
 
 verdappe[”*~], pp verdappt, to trample, leave 
 footprints; sich —, to lose one’s way, give 
 oneself away. G vertappen. 
 
 verdarschde[~*~], pp verdarscht, to die from 
 
 thirst. G verdiirsten. 
 verdaue[~~], pp verdaut, to digest. G 
 verdauen. 
 
 verdauung[~~~], f, digestion. G Verdauung. 
 
 verdechtich[”’~], suspicious. G verdachtig. 
 
 verdeele[“~~], pp verdeelt, to divide, share, 
 apportion, separate from. G verteilen. 
 
 verdeelung[~~~], f, division. G Verteilung. 
 
 verdeffendiere[~~~*~], pp verdeffendiert, sich, 
 to excuse or defend oneself, justify oneself, 
 insist. dG verdeffentiere. 
 
 verdeihenkert[“~~~], enormously, deucedly, 
 very. G ver +dG deihenker. 
 
 verdeiwelt[-~~], devilish(ly), very. G ver- 
 teufelt. 
 
 verdenke[’*~], pp verdenkt, to blame for, 
 take amiss. G verdenken. 
 
 verdiene[~~~], pp verdient, to earn. 
 dienen. 
 
 verdilje[’*~], pp verdilkt, to eradicate. G 
 vertilgen. 
 
 verdinge[~*~], pp verdingt, sich, to hire out. 
 G verdingen. 
 
 verdinscht[~’], m, earnings, desert. G Ver- 
 dienst. 
 
 eg or “], meritorious. G verdienst- 
 ich. 
 
 G ver- 
 
162 
 
 verdoktere[~*~~], pp verdoktert, to spend in 
 medicine. G verdoktern. 
 
 verdolit[-“], confounded(ly), deucedly; — 
 sei, (I’ll be) hanged (if). G ver +tollen. 
 
 verdolmetsche|[“’~~], pp verdolmetscht, to 
 interpret. G verdolmetschen. 
 
 verdopple[’*~], pp verdoppelt, to double. G 
 verdoppeln. 
 
 verdottle[“*~], pp verdottelt, sich, =in di 
 hosse scheisse. G ver+dG dottel =a sim- 
 ple, halfwitted person. 
 
 verdraje[“*~], pp verdraje, to bear, endure, 
 agree with one’s digestion, miscarry, abort. 
 G vertragen. 
 
 verdraue[~~~], pp verdraut, to trust, have con- 
 
 fidence. G vertrauen. 
 
 verdraue[~~~], n, trust, confidence. G Ver- 
 trauen. 
 
 verdrauensvoll(-~~~], trusting, reliable. G 
 
 vertrauensvoll. 
 
 verdraulich[“~~], reliable; insinuatingly. G 
 vertraulich. 
 
 verdrecke[~*~], pp verdreckt, to soil; sich —, 
 to soil one’s person or clothes. G ver+ 
 Dreck. 
 
 verdrede[“*~], pp verdrede, to trample on, 
 represent. G vertreten. 
 
 verdrehe[“~~], pp verdreht, to turn the wrong 
 way, bend, distort. G verdrehen. 
 
 verdreiwe|“~~], pp verdriwwe, to drive off, 
 banish, exterminate; zeit —, to pass away 
 the time. G vertreiben. 
 
 verdricke[“*~], pp verdrickt, to crush, mash. 
 G zerdriicken. 
 
 verdrickle[~*~], pp verdrickelt, to dry up, be 
 forgotten, die out, fail to materialize. G 
 ver +dG drickele. 
 
 verdriesse[“~~], pp verdrosse, to vex, dis- 
 please. G verdriessen. 
 
 verdriesslich[~~~], vexatious, vexed, provok- 
 ing. G verdriesslich. 
 
 verdripple[~’~], pp verdrippelt, to mark by 
 stepping on, trample down. G ver+ 
 trippeln. 
 
 verdroddle[~*~], pp verdroddelt, sich, to be 
 anxious or solicitous, be fidgety (over 
 something). G ver +Trédel. 
 
 verdrosse|~*~], offended. G verdrossen. 
 
 verdruss|[~~], m, bad feelings. G Verdruss. 
 
 verdu*[~~], pp verdu’, tosquander. G vertun. 
 
 verduckle[~*~], pp verduckelt, to keep secret. 
 G verducken. 
 
 verdunisch[**~], wasteful, squandering. G 
 vertuerisch. 
 
 verdunkle[’*~], pp verdunkelt, to darken. G 
 verdunkeln. 
 
 verdunnere[’*~~], pp verdunnert, to waste 
 money or possessions riotously. G _ ver- 
 donnern. 
 
 verduppt{~ *], dotted, specked. G ver +tupfen. 
 
 verdutzt[“*], mopish, sheepish, spoiled, de- 
 spised. G verdutzt. 
 
 vereeniche[“~~~], pp vereenicht, to unite. G 
 vereinigen. 
 
 verehre[“~~], pp verehrt, to honor, revere, 
 adore. G verehren. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-Geman Society 
 
 verehrung[~~~], f, veneration. G Verehrung. 
 
 verekelt[“~~], disgusted. G verekelt. 
 
 verelende[“~~™], pp verelendet, to pine away 
 in misery. G ver-+elend. 
 
 verennere|’*~~], pp  verennert, 
 change. G verdndern. 
 
 verennerlich[~*~~], changeable, variable. G 
 veranderlich. 
 
 verennerung, verennering|[’*~~], f, change, 
 alteration. G Veradnderung. 
 
 verewiche[~~~~], pp verewicht, to perpetuate; 
 verewicht, late, deceased, of blessed mem- 
 ory. G verewigen. 
 
 verfahre[“~~], pp verfahre, to act, handle, 
 proceed, crush by driving over. G ver- 
 fahren. 
 
 verfall[“*], m, ruin. G Verfall. 
 
 verfalle[~*~], pp verfalle, to fall to pieces, go 
 to ruin, be due. G verfallen. 
 
 to alter, 
 
 verfaule[“~~], pp verfault, to rot. G ver- 
 faulen. 
 verfehle[“*~], pp verfehlt, to miss. G ver- 
 
 fehlen. 
 
 verfelsche[“*~], pp verfelscht, to adulterate, 
 falsify. G verfalschen. 
 
 verfelschung[~*~], f, adulteration. G Ver- 
 falschung. 
 
 verfiehre[“~~], pp verfiehrt, to seduce, lead 
 astray; en zucht —, to raise a racket. G 
 verfiihren. 
 
 verfiehrer[-~~], m, seducer, tempter. G Ver- 
 fiihrer. 
 
 verfinschdere[“*~~], pp verfinschdert, to ob- 
 scure. G verfinstern. 
 
 verflammt[~*], confounded(ly), awful(ly). 
 Euphemistic for verdammt and verflucht 
 (partaking of the form of each word). 
 
 verfiecke[~*~], pp verfleckt, to soil, spot, blot. 
 G verflecken. 
 
 verflicke[“*~], pp verflickt, to put patch on 
 patch. G verflicken. 
 
 verflickt, | verflixt[*~], 
 deuced (ly). 
 Cf verflammt. 
 
 verflieje[“~~“], pp verflojje, to pass away, 
 vanish. G verfliegen. 
 
 verfliesse[~~~], pp verflosse, to pass (of time). 
 G verfliessen. 
 
 verfluche[“*~], pp verflucht, to curse. G 
 verfluchen. 
 
 verfochte[“*~], quarrelsome, continually in- 
 volved in quarrels. G verfechten. 
 
 verfolje[-*~], pp verfolkt, to persecute. G 
 verfolgen. 
 
 verfranselt[-*~], worn to fringes. 
 dim of fransen. 
 
 verfresse[~*~], pp verfresse, to gnaw (of mice, 
 rats, rabbits), spend for dainties, squander 
 on food. G verfressen. 
 
 verfresse[~*~], gluttonous. G verfressen. 
 
 verfriere[“~~], pp verfrore, to freeze, freeze to 
 death; verfrore sei*, to be sensitive to cold: 
 en verfrorner mensch. G ver-(er-)frieren. 
 
 verfuggere ~*~™~], pp verfuggert, to squander, 
 waste. dG verfuggere. 
 
 vergaffe[“*~], pp vergafft, sich, to be cap- 
 
 confounded (ly), 
 G verflixt <G_ verflucht. 
 
 G ver+ 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 tivated by good looks, be mistaken in, 
 stare at, loiter. G vergaffen. 
 
 vergang[~*], m, im, passing away. G Ver- 
 gang. 
 
 vergange[’*~], past; do —, recently, some 
 time ago. G vergangen. 
 vergange(n)-heit, -heet[’’~"], f, past. G 
 Vergangenheit. 
 vated ens, vergewens|[~~~], in vain. G verge- 
 ens. 
 
 vergeblich[“*~], in vain. G vergeblich. 
 vergeh*[“~], pp vergange, to dissolve, cease to 
 
 exist, pass over, elapse; sich —, to make 
 a false step (morally). G vergehen. 
 vergelschdere[“*~~], pp  vergelschdert, to 
 
 frighten, terrify. dG vergelschtere. 
 vergelse[~’~], pp vergelst, to geld, castrate. 
 G vergelzen. 
 vergelte[“*~], pp vergolte, to repay, reward, 
 give tit for tat. G vergelten. 
 vergenglich[’*~], transient, soluble. 
 ganglich. 
 vergesse[~*~], pp vergesse, to forget; sich —, 
 to make a blunder. G vergessen. 
 vergesslich[~~~], forgetful. G vergesslich. 
 vergessmichnet|“’~~], f, forget-me-not. G 
 
 G ver- 
 
 Vergissmeinnicht. 
 
 vergewwe|’~], pp vergewwe, to forgive, 
 pardon. G vergeben. 
 
 vergewwing|~’~], f, forgiveness. G Verge- 
 bung. 
 
 vergiesse[“~~],. pp vergosse, blut, to shed 
 blood. G vergiessen. 
 
 vergifte[“’~], pp vergift, to poison. G ver- 
 
 giften. 
 verglaje[“~~], pp verglakt, to make complaint 
 
 against; sich —, to complain. G ver- 
 klagen. 
 
 vergleede[“*~], pp vergleedt, sich, to disguise 
 oneself. G verkleiden. 
 
 vergleich[~~],m, comparison. G Vergleich. 
 vergleiche[“~~], pp vergliche, to liken, com- 
 
 pare. G vergleichen. 
 
 vergleichlich[**~], comparable. G vergleich- 
 lich. 
 
 vergleichnis[“~~], n, comparison. G Ver- 
 gleichung. 
 
 verglennere[’*~~], pp verglennert, to make 
 smaller. G verkleinern. 
 
 verglinselt[’*~] ding, spoiled or over-indulged 
 child. dG verglinzelt. 
 
 vergnawwere[*~~], pp vergnawwert, to nib- 
 
 ble at. G verknabbern. 
 vergniechlich[**~], contented, ennuied. G 
 vergniiglich. 
 vergniecht[“*], content, merry. G vergniigt. 
 vergnieje[“~~], m, pleasure, contentment. 
 
 G Vergniigen. 
 
 vergnieje[“~~], pp vergniecht, sich, to amuse 
 oneself. G vergniigen. 
 
 vergnippe, verknippel~’~], pp vergnippt, to 
 
 knot. G verkniipfen. 
 
 vergnipple[~*~], pp vergnippelt, to club, beat. 
 G ver +kniipfeln. 
 
 vergnootsche[“*~], pp vergnootscht, to soil 
 
 163 
 
 or mess by handling, fondle. dG ver- 
 knotsche. . 
 
 vergnottle, verknottle[’*~], pp vergnottelt, to 
 knot up, entangle; =verdottle. G_ ver- 
 knételn. 
 
 vergolde[’*~], pp vergoldt, to gild. G ver- 
 golden. 
 
 vergrache[~*~], pp vergracht, to burst with a 
 loud report. G verkrachen. 
 
 vergraebnis[“~~], n, burial. After G Be- 
 grabnis. 
 
 vergratze[~’~], pp vergratzt, to scratch, spoil 
 by scratching. G verkratzen. 
 
 vergraunse[~~~], pp vergraunst, sich, to com- 
 plain irritably. G ver+dG graunse. 
 
 vergrawe[“~~], pp vergrawe, to bury, dig a 
 holé in the ground with an implement or by 
 burrowing. G vergraben. 
 
 vergreckse[~*~], pp vergreckst, sich, to croak, 
 complain. G ver +krichzen. 
 
 vergreessere[“~~~], pp vergreessert, to en- 
 large, magnify. G vergréssern. 
 
 vergreesseringsglas[“*~~"], n, microscope. G 
 Vergrésserungsglas. 
 
 vergrimmle[~’~], pp vergrimmelt, to crumble. 
 G verkriimeln. 
 
 vergripple[“*~], pp vergrippelt, to cripple. G 
 verkriippeln. 
 
 vergrische[“*~], prone to scream or cry: en 
 
 —kind. G ver+kreischen. 
 
 vergritzle[~*~], pp vergritzelt, to waste in 
 scribbling, cover with scribbling. G ver- 
 kritzeln. 
 
 vergrooze[“~~], pp  vergroozt, 
 mouldy. dG vergroozen. 
 
 vergrumple[~*~], pp vergrumpelt, to crumple. 
 G ver +kriimpeln. 
 
 vergruschde[~*~], pp vergruscht, sich, to be- 
 come crusty or encrusted. G verkrusten. 
 
 vergrutze[~*~], pp vergrutzt, to mar in cutting. 
 G ver +Krutzen. 
 
 vergucke[’*~], pp verguckt, sich, to get a 
 wrong impression from looking, become 
 infatuated. G vergucken. 
 
 vergunne[’*~], pp vergunnt, to begrudge, 
 envy. G vergénnen =missvergénnen. 
 
 vergunnisch[~*~], jealous, envious. Adj from 
 vergunne. 
 
 verhacke[’*~], pp verhackt, to chop to pieces. 
 G verhacken, 
 
 verherte[~*~], pp verhert, to harden. G 
 verharten. 
 
 verhafte[“*~], pp verhaft, to arrest. 
 haften. 
 
 verhammere[’*~~], pp verhammert, to ham- 
 mer to pieces. G verhammern. 
 
 verhammle[~*~], pp verhammelt, to bedraggle; 
 
 to become 
 
 G ver- 
 
 sich —, to bedraggle one’s clothes. G 
 verhammeln. 
 
 verhandelbar[-*~~], negotiable. G Verhandel 
 +bar. 
 
 verhandle[“*~], pp verhandelt, to sell off, 
 trade off. G verhandeln. 
 
 verhaschble[”’~], sich, to get entangled, make 
 awkward movements.. G verhaspeln. 
 
164 
 
 ’ 
 
 verhasse[~’~], pp verhasst, to hate, despise. 
 G verhassen. 
 
 verhaue[“*~], pp verhaut, to beat up. G ver- 
 hauen. 
 
 verhause[~*~], pp verhaust, to spoil, destroy. 
 G ver +hausen. 
 
 verhechle[’*~], pp verhechelt, to heckle, haul 
 over the coals. G ver+hecheln. 
 
 verheer[~*], n, reprimand. G Verhdr. 
 
 verheere[“~~], pp verheert, to give a hearing, 
 reprimand. G verhGren. 
 
 verheere[“~~], pp verheert, to devastate: 
 verheert un verschteert. G verheeren. 
 
 verhehle[“*~], pp verhehlt, to conceal. G 
 verhehlen. 
 
 verheiere[“*~~], pp  verheiert, 
 (one’s name) by marrying; 
 marry. G verheiraten. 
 
 verheilt[“*], given to crying. G verheult. 
 
 verheltnis[~*~], n, relation. G Verhiltnis. 
 
 verhenke[“*~], pp verhonke, to bedeck (with 
 ribbons, etc.). G verhangen. 
 
 verhenkert[-*~], confoundedly, devilishly. G 
 verhenkert. 
 
 verhensle[’*~], pp verhenselt, to shame, haul 
 over the coals. G ver-+hinseln. 
 
 verhexe[~*~], pp verhext, to bewitch. G ver- 
 hexen. 
 
 verhiete[“~~], pp verhiet, to prevent, avoid. 
 G verhiiten. | 
 
 verhinnere[~*~~], pp verhinnert, to hinder, 
 prevent. G verhindern. 
 
 verhinnerung[~*~~], f, prevention. G Ver- 
 hinderung. 
 
 verhitze[~*~], pp verhitzt, to overheat; sich 
 —, to become overheated. G verhitzen. 
 
 verhopbasse[“*~~], pp verhopbasst, to over- 
 look, neglect, miss. G ver +hoppassen = 
 hopsen, to hop, skip. 
 
 verhopple[“*~], pp verhoppelt, sich, to get 
 one’s feet entangled. G ver-+hoppeln. 
 
 verhuddle[~*~], pp verhuddelt, to tangle, con- 
 fuse. G verhudeln. 
 
 verhungere|~*~~], pp verhungert, to starve. 
 G verhungern. 
 
 verhunse[~*~], pp verhunst, to spoil, botch, 
 ruin. G verhunzen. 
 
 verhure[“*™], pp verhurt, to waste one’s living 
 with harlots. G verhuren. 
 
 verhutzelt[-’~], wrinkled, ragged. G ver+ 
 hutzeln. 
 
 veriwwer|~ “~], past, ceased, over. G voriiber. 
 
 veriwwergeh*[~*~"], pp veriwwergange, to 
 pass over. G voriibergehen. 
 
 verjaje[““~], pp verjakt, to chase away. G 
 verjagen. 
 
 verjuxe|’*~], pp verjuxt, to blow in, gamble 
 away. G verjuxen. 
 
 verkerze[“*~], pp verkerzt, to shorten. G 
 verkiirzen. 
 
 verkafe|[~~~], pp verk4ft, tosell. G verkaufen. 
 
 verkafer[’*~], m, seller. G Verkdufer. 
 
 verkaue[“*~], pp verkaut, to chew. G ver- 
 kaduen. 
 
 verkeftle[“*~], pp verkeftelt, to spoil by 
 notching. G ver+PG kaft. 
 
 to change 
 sich —, to 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 verkehrt[**], wrong, reversed, topsy-turvy, 
 mixed up, perverse, amiss, incoherent, de- 
 mented, crazy. G verkehrt. 
 
 verkelte[“*~], pp verkelt, sich, to catch cold. 
 G erkalten. 
 
 verkeschdiche[~*~~], pp verkeschdicht, to 
 furnish food, board. G verkéstigen =be- 
 késtigen. 
 
 verkindiche[’*~~],  verkinne[~’~], pp ver- 
 kindicht, to announce publicly. G _ ver- 
 kiindigen. 
 
 verklaje[-~~], pp verklaékt, to complain of, 
 accuse, sue at court. G verklagen. 
 
 verkleckse[’*~], pp verkleckst, to blot. G 
 verklecksen. 
 
 verknechert["*~], become bony, ossified. G 
 verknéchert. 
 
 verknipp(l)e[“*~], pp verknippelt, to knot so 
 it is difficult to undo. dG verknibbele. 
 
 verkoche[~*~], pp verkocht, to fall to pieces 
 in cooking. G verkochen. 
 
 verkollebiere[~~~*~], pp verkollebiert, to con- 
 fuse, spoil by abuse, abuse to distraction. 
 G vergaloppieren. 
 
 verlache[~*~], pp verlacht, to ridicule, deride. 
 G verlachen. 
 
 verlaeret[“~~], disliked. dG verlaret. 
 
 verlerne[’*~], pp verlernt, to unlearn, forget. 
 G verlernen. 
 
 verlafe[-~~], pp verloffe, sich, to lose one’s 
 way, stray: es vieh hott sich verloffe; —, 
 run off (of liquids). G verlaufen. 
 
 verlange[~’~], pp verlangt, to ask, demand, 
 want, desire. G verlangen. 
 
 verlange[~’~], n, longing, desire. G Ver- 
 langen. 
 
 verlappe[’*~], pp verlappt, to neglect. G 
 verlappen. 
 
 verlappert, verlappelt[’’~], dilapidated. G 
 forms in -ern and -eln from verlappen. 
 
 verlause[“~~], pp verlaust, to become lousy; 
 — losse, to let run down or go toruin. G 
 verlausen. 
 
 verlechere[’*~~], pp verlechert, to dry out 
 so as to leak: der zuwwer is verlechert. 
 dG verlechere. 
 
 verlechert[’*~], given to laughing or giggling. 
 G ver +lachert. 
 
 verleede[“*~], pp verleedt, to tire of, dis- 
 courage (one); verleedt, discouraged, dis- 
 contented, disgusted. G verleiden. 
 
 verleedtsam[“*~], wearisome, tiresome, dis- 
 couraging. G verleidet +sam. 
 
 verleejele[-*~~], verleejne[-*~], pp verleejelt, 
 to deny. G verleugnen. 
 
 verlehne[~*~], pp verlehnt, to let, rent, lease. 
 G verlehnen. 
 
 verleicht, velleicht[“*], perhaps. G vielleicht. 
 
 verleichtere[“*~™], pp verleichtert, to lighten. 
 G ver +verb from adj leicht. 
 
 verleje[“*~], pp verlekt, to mislay, misplace. 
 G verlegen. 
 
 verlejje[-*~], troubled. G verlegen. 
 
 verlejjeheet[“*~~], f, trouble, embarrassment. 
 G Verlegenheit. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 verlengere[’*~~], pp verlengert, to lengthen. 
 G verlangern. 
 
 verleppere[~*~~], pp verleppert, to waste in 
 drink. G verlappern. 
 
 verleschdere[“*~~], pp verleschdert, to de- 
 fame, blaspheme. G verlastern. 
 
 verleschderung|[~*~~], f, defamation, blas- 
 phemy. G Verlasterung. 
 
 verlesche[’*~], pp verlescht, to extinguish. 
 G verliéschen. 
 
 verlese[“~~], pp verlese, to read off, tally. 
 G verlesen. 
 
 verlessich[~*~], reliable. G verlassig. 
 
 verletze[“*~], pp verletzt, to spoil, damage, 
 injure. G verletzen. 
 
 verletzlich[-*~], violable. G verletzlich. 
 
 verletzung[~’~], f, violation. G Verletzung. 
 
 verlewe[~~~], pp verlebt, to use up in living, 
 spend. G verleben. 
 
 verliebt[“~], in love. G verliebt. 
 
 verliere[“~~], pp verlore, to lose; sich —, to 
 lose one’s way, go astray. G verlieren. 
 
 verliewe[“~~], pp verliebt, sich, to fall in love. 
 G verlieben. 
 
 verlocke[“*~], pp verlockt, to entice, decoy. 
 G verlocken. 
 
 verloddert[“*~], dilapidated. G verlottert. 
 
 verloffe[“*~], astray, past, expired. G ver- 
 laufen. 
 
 verlojje[“*~], mendacious. G verlogen. 
 
 verlosse[~*~], pp verlosse, to leave, abandon; 
 sich —, to depend (upon), rely. G ver- 
 lassen. 
 
 verlumpe[~*~], pp verlumpt, to go to ruin, run 
 
 down; verlumpt, ragged, dilapidated, 
 neglected, run down, worn down. G ver- 
 lumpen. 
 
 verluschdiere[“ ~*~], pp verluschdiert, sich, to 
 enjoy oneself (especially clandestinely). G 
 ‘verlustieren. 
 
 verluscht[~*], m, loss, damage. G Verlust. 
 
 vermache[~*~], pp vermacht, to bequeath, 
 abort (of a cow). G vermachen. 
 
 vermerricke[~*~~], pp vermerrickt, to mark 
 up, make marks (on). G vermerken. 
 
 vermahle[~“~], pp vermahle, to grind fine. 
 G vermahlen. 
 
 vermahne[~*~], pp vermahnt, to exhort, re- 
 prove. G vermahnen. 
 
 vermahning[~*~], f, short address to the rela- 
 tives of the deceased at a funeral. G 
 Vermahnung. 
 
 vermaunst[~*], given to irritable complaining. 
 G ver +maunsen. 
 
 vermeeje[“~~], n, property, ability. G Ver- 
 mogen. 
 
 vermehre[~*~], pp vermehrt, sich, to increase, 
 propagate. G vermehren. 
 
 vermehrung[~*~], f, increase, multiplication. 
 G Vermehrung. 
 
 vermetzle[~*~], pp vermetzelt, to butcher, 
 massacre, castrate. G ver+metzeln. 
 
 vermische[~*~], pp vermischt, to mix up. G 
 vermischen. 
 
 vermisse[~*~], pp vermisst, to miss. G ver- 
 missen. 
 
 165 
 
 vermucke[~’~], pp vermuckt, sich, to move, 
 stir(always used with a negative). Gver+ 
 dG mucke. 
 
 vermummt[~*], masked. G vermummt. 
 
 vermute[**~], pp vermut, to presume. G 
 vermuten. 
 
 vermutlich[**~], probably. G 
 vermutlich. 
 
 vernaddert[~*~] =vernarrt. See vernarre. 
 
 vernaehe[“~~], pp vernaeht, to use up in 
 sewing. G verndhen. 
 
 vernajjele[~’~~], pp vernajjelt, to fasten 
 down with nails, lame in shoeing (a horse). 
 G vernageln. 
 
 vernarre[~*~], pp vernarrt, to fool; vernarrt, 
 infatuated with, crazy over. G vernarren. 
 
 vernemme[~*~], pp vernumme, to understand. 
 G vernehmen. 
 
 vernewwele[~*~~], pp vernewwelt, 
 tipsy. G ver-+nebeln. 
 
 vernichte[’*~], pp vernicht, to destroy, annul. 
 G vernichten. 
 
 verninfdich[- ~~], sensible. G 
 verniinftig. 
 
 vernoochlessiche[~*~~~], pp vernoochlessicht, 
 to neglect. G vernachlissigen. 
 
 vernuddle[~*™], pp vernuddelt, to soil, slobber, 
 suck. Cf verschnuddle. 
 
 vernunft, vernumft[~~’], f, common sense. G 
 Vernunft. 
 
 verpeffert[“*~], spoiled with too much pepper. 
 G verpfeffern. 
 
 verpflichte[“’~], pp verpflicht, to oblige. G 
 verpflichten. 
 
 verpflichtung|~*™], G Ver- 
 pflichtung. 
 
 verpisse[~*~], pp verpisst, to spoil by pissing 
 on. G verpissen. 
 
 verpusche[’*~], pp verpuscht, to spoil in 
 making, bungle. G verpfuschen. 
 
 verquetsche[~*~], pp verquetscht, to crush, 
 bruise, contuse. G zerquetschen. 
 
 verraeter[“~~], m, traitor. G Verrdater. 
 
 verraetze[“~~], pp verraetzt, to spoil or dam- 
 age by the action of alternate rain and sun. 
 dG verraetze. 
 
 verrammle[~*~], pp verrammelt, sich, to be- 
 draggle oneself. Probably a variant of 
 verhammle. 
 
 verranst[~*], worn out. 
 run about. 
 
 verrechle[“*~], pp verrechelt, sich, to make a 
 mistake in calculating. G verrechnen. 
 
 verrecke[~*~], pp verreckt, to die, kick the 
 bucket. G verrecken. 
 
 verreese[“~~], pp verreest, to go traveling. 
 G verreisen. 
 
 verreisse[“~~], pp verrisse, to tear to pieces; 
 net viel —, not accomplish much. G 
 verreissen. 
 
 verreiwe[~~], pp verriwwe, to rub out, rub 
 to powder. G verreiben. 
 
 verreje[“~~], pp verrekt, to move; sich —, to 
 move, budge, stir. G ver+regen. 
 
 verrejjere[-*~~], pp verrejjert, to spoil by 
 rain(y weather). G verregnen. 
 
 presumably, 
 
 to get 
 
 reasonable, 
 
 f, obligation. 
 
 G ver-+ranzen =to 
 
166 
 
 verrenke[~*~], pp verrenkt, to sprain, twist, 
 dislocate. G verrenken. 
 
 verretsche[’*~], pp verretscht, to slander. G 
 ver +dG ratschen. 
 
 verrichde[“*~], pp verricht, to accomplish, 
 G verrichten. 
 
 verricke|~*~], pp verrickt, to displace; ver- 
 rickt, out of place, deranged, crazy. G 
 verriicken. 
 
 verrieche[“~~], pp verroche, to lose odor. G 
 verriechen. 
 
 verriebre[~*~], pp verriehrt, to mix by stirring. 
 G verriihren. 
 
 verrisse[“’~], wiescht, badly intoxicated; er 
 hott sich net —, he did not over-exert 
 himself. G verrissen. 
 
 verriwwle[~*~], pp verriwwelt, to rub fine. 
 dG verriwwle. 
 
 verrode[“~~], pp verrode, to betray, inform on, 
 advise. G verraten. 
 
 verroppe[~*~], pp verroppt, to pull apart, tear 
 to pieces. G zerrupfen. 
 
 verroschde[“*~], pp verroscht, to rust. G 
 
 verrosten. 
 
 verrot|“*], m, treason. G Verrat. 
 
 verrumple|~*~], pp verrumpelt, to disarrange, 
 dishevel, make full of creases. G ver+ 
 rumpeln. 
 
 vetrunsle[~*~], pp verrunselt, to wrinkle. G 
 verrunzeln. 
 
 versaeje|“~~], pp versaekt, to saw into pieces. 
 
 G zersagen. 
 versaje[“"~], pp_versakt, to deny, withhold 
 permission. G versagen. 
 
 versalse[~*~], pp versalse, to spoil with too 
 much salt. G versalzen. 
 
 versammle|[~*~], pp versammelt, sich, to con- 
 vene, assemble, meet. G versammeln. 
 
 versammlinghaus[~*~"], n, meeting-house 
 (Mennonite). G Versammlungshaus. 
 
 versammlung, versammling[~*~], f, meeting, 
 assembly, congregation; lang —, protracted 
 (prayer) meeting. G Versammlung. 
 
 versarje[“’~], pp versarrickt, to look after, 
 supply. G versorgen. 
 
 versatz|’*], m, possession: zr hott’s im —, 
 he has it in his power. G Versatz. 
 
 versaue|[“~~], pp versaut, to soil, dirty. G 
 versauen. 
 
 versaufe|[’~~], pp versoffe, to drown, spend in 
 drinking; versoffe, bibulous. G versaufen. 
 
 verscherre[“*~], pp verscherrt, to spoil by 
 scratching, scatter by scratching, bury. G 
 verscharren. 
 
 verschaffe[’*~], pp verschafft, to procure, 
 provide, work up material. G verschaffen. 
 
 verschalle[~*~], pp verschailt, to pass into 
 oblivion, vanish. G verschallen. 
 
 verscheeche|"~ “], pp verscheecht, to frighten 
 away. G verscheuchen. 
 
 verscheie[“~~], pp verscheit, to abhor. G 
 ver +scheuen. 
 
 verscheisse[“*~], 
 verscheissen. 
 
 verschelte[~ ~*~], pp verscholte, to scold, berate. 
 G ver +schelten. 
 
 pp verschisse, to beshit. G 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 verschenke[~*~], pp verschenkt, to give away, 
 make a present of. G verschenken. 
 
 verschenne[”*~], pp verschennt, to mar, dis- 
 figure, rail at, be ironical. G verschanden. 
 
 verschennere[~ te “], pp verschennert, to beau- 
 tify, embellish. G verschénern. 
 
 verschennerung[~*~~], f, embellishment. G 
 Verschénerung. 
 
 verschiddlich[“*~], verschiedlich[-~~], varied, 
 various. G verschiedlich. 
 
 verschieden[“*~], various. G verschieden. 
 verschiesse[~*~], pp verschosse, to use up in 
 shooting, riddle (by shooting). G ver- 
 schiessen. 
 verschiewe[“*~], pp verschowe, to disarrange, 
 misplace. G verschieben. 
 verschimmelt[”*~], mouldy. Gverschimmelt. 
 verschimpe[~*~], pp verschimpt, to bungle up, 
 disfigure. G verschimpfen. 
 verschimpiere[““*~], pp verschimpiert, to 
 rail at, vilify. G verschimpfieren. 
 verschinne[’* “], pp verschunne, to abrade the 
 
 skin, break the bark of a tree; sich —, to 
 abrade the skin. G ver +schinden. 
 verschinnert|“*~], confounded(ly), devilish- 
 
 (ly). Adj from G ver +Schinder. 
 verschitte[“*~], pp verschitt, to spill. 
 schiitten. 
 verschittle[-*~], pp verschittelt, to scatter, 
 rack down. G ver -+schiitteln. 
 verschlajje[-*~], pp verschlajje, to knock to 
 pieces. G zerschlagen. 
 verschlappe[’’~], pp verschlappt, to soil, 
 bespatter, spill; sich —, to soil one’s 
 clothes by spilling, bedraggle one’s skirts. 
 G ver +schlappen. 
 verschlawwere[~*~~], pp verschlawwert, to 
 beslobber; sich —, to soil one’s person or 
 clothes with slobber. dG verschlawwere. 
 verschlecke[~*~], pp verschleckt, to lick all 
 over, taste (in testing). G verschlecken. 
 verschleefe[“*~], pp verschleeft, to mislay, 
 carry away. G ver-+schleifen. 
 verschlenkere[“*~~], pp verschlenkert, to dis- 
 sipate, waste. G ver+schlenkern. 
 verschliesse[*~~], pp verschlosse, to lock (up). 
 G verschliessen. 
 verschlimmere[~*~~], pp verschlimmert, to 
 worsen. G verschlimmern. 
 verschlinge[’*~], pp verschlunge, to swallow, 
 gulp down. G verschlingen. 
 verschlitze[~*~], pp verschlitzt, to slit up. G 
 verschlitzen. 
 verschliwwere[~’~~], pp verschliwwert, to 
 splinter. dG ver -+schliwwere. 
 verschlofe[“*~], pp verschlofe, sich, to over- 
 sleep; — sei’, to be sleepy-headed. G ver- 
 schlafen. 
 
 G ver- 
 
 verschlucke[~*~], pp verschluckt, sich, to 
 choke. G verschlucken. 
 verschluppe[’*~], pp verschluppt, sich, to 
 ide. G verschliipfen. 
 verschmacke[~*™~], pp verschmackt, to take a 
 taste of. G ver+schmacken. 
 
 verschmerze[~*~], pp verschmerzt, to put up 
 with, tolerate, forget. G verschmerzen. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 verschmeisse[~*~], pp verschmisse, to smash, 
 break into pieces by throwing, scatter 
 (grass ina swath). G zerschmeissen. 
 
 verschmelse[~’~], pp verschmolse, to melt, 
 dissolve. G verschmelzen. 
 
 verschmiere[~~~], pp verschmiert, to besmear, 
 soil, bedaub. G verschmieren. 
 
 verschmitzt[’*], sly, cunning. G verschmitzt. 
 
 verschmutze[“~~], pp verschmutzt, to be- 
 smear, soil (with grease). Gverschmutzen. 
 
 verschnerre[~’~], pp verschnerrt, to jerk 
 apart (or to pieces). G ver-+schnarren. 
 
 verschnappe[~~~], pp verschnappt, sich, to let 
 the cat out of the bag. G verschnappen. 
 
 verschneee[~~~], pp verschneet, to spoil by 
 snowing, be snow-bound. G verschneien. 
 
 verschneide[~~~], pp verschnidde, to cut into 
 pieces, castrate. G verschneiden. 
 
 verschnitzle[’’~], pp verschnitzelt, to whittle 
 away. G verschnitzeln. 
 
 verschnuddle[“*~], pp verschnuddelt, to soil 
 (by slopping); sich —, to soil one’s clothes 
 (by careless drinking), become intoxicated. 
 G ver +PG schnuddle 
 
 verschone, verschune[~*~], pp verschont, to 
 spare, favor. G verschonen. 
 
 verschosse[~*~], shot away, shot to pieces, 
 faded. G verschossen. 
 
 verschottere[’*~~], pp verschottert, to shiver 
 to pieces, rend asunder. G verschottern. 
 
 verschowe[~~~] im hernkaschde, out of one’s 
 mind, batty in the belfry. G verschoben. 
 
 verschpaete[“~~], pp verschpaet, sich, to be 
 late, be behind time. G verspaten. 
 
 verschpare[“*~], pp verschpart, to save for 
 future use, spare. G versparen. 
 
 verschpaue[~~~], pp verschpaut, to bespit. G 
 ver +dG spauchen. 
 
 verschpiele[“~~], pp verschpielt, to gamble 
 away. G verspielen. 
 
 verschpinne[~ ~~], pp verschpunne, to use up in 
 spinning, cover with cobwebs. G_ ver- 
 spinnen. 
 
 verschplitte[’*~], pp verschplitt, to split. 
 G versplittern. 
 
 verschpotte[-*~], pp verschpott, to ridicule, 
 deride. G verspotten. 
 
 verschpraddle[’*~], pp verschpraddelt, sich, 
 to be astonished; verschpraddelt, spread 
 out. dG verschpraddelt. 
 
 verschpraee[~*~], pp verschpraet, to spread. 
 G ver +dG schpraee. 
 
 verschpreche[’*~], pp verschproche, to prom- 
 ise. G versprechen. 
 
 verschpreche(s)[“*~], n, promise. G Ver- 
 sprechen. 
 
 verschprenge[~*~], pp verschprengt, to cause 
 to burst, blast. G versprengen. 
 
 verschpringe[“*~], pp verschprunge, to burst, 
 explode. G verspringen. 
 
 verschpritze[“*~], pp verschpritzt, to be- 
 spatter; geld —, to spend lavishly. G 
 verspritzen. 
 
 verschrecke[~ ~*~], pp verschrocke, to frighten, 
 terrify, scare. G verschrecken. 
 
 167 
 
 verschreiwe[~~~], pp verschriwwe, to convey 
 (in writing), prescribe. G verschreiben. 
 
 “comme tk shriveled. G verschrum- 
 pelt. 
 
 verschteerricke[~’~~], pp verschtzrrickt, to 
 strengthen. G verstarken. © 
 
 verschtampe[~*~], pp verschtampt, to stamp 
 to pieces. G verstampfen. 
 
 verschtand[~’], m, good sense, reason; do 
 kennt em der — schtill schteh”, I am at my 
 wit’s end. G Verstand. 
 
 verschtarzelt[-*~], cut short. dG ver -+storze. 
 
 verschtauche[“~~], pp verschtaucht, to jolt, 
 sprain. G verstauchen. 
 
 verschtaune[~~~], pp verschtaunt, sich, to be 
 astonished. G erstaunen. 
 
 verschtawe[~~~], pp verschtabt, to cover with 
 dust. G verstauben. 
 
 verschteche[~*~], pp verschtoche, to sting or 
 prick full of holes. G verstechen. 
 
 verschtecke[~*~], pp verschteckt, to hide. G 
 verstecken. 
 
 verschteckle[~’~], pp verschteckelt, to hide; 
 sich —, to hide. Form in -eln from ver- 
 stecken. 
 
 verschteeje[’~~], pp verschteekt, to sell (at 
 a vendue). G versteigern. 
 
 verschteere[~~~], pp verschteert, to disturb, 
 frighten, destroy. G verst6ren. 
 
 verschteerung[“*~], f, distraction, disturb- 
 ance. G Verst6rung. 
 
 verschteh*[“*], pp verschtanne, to under- 
 stand, comprehend. G verstehen. 
 
 verschtelle[-*~], pp verschtellt, to change the 
 position of; sich —, to disguise oneself, 
 feign, pretend. G verstellen. 
 
 verschtelling|-’~],f, pretense. G Verstellung. 
 
 verschtendlich[’*~], understandable. G ver- 
 standlich. 
 
 verschtendnis[~*~],n, understanding. G Ver- 
 standnis. 
 
 verschtennich[~’~], sensible. G verstandig. 
 
 verschticke[’*~], pp verschtickt, to suffocate. 
 G ersticken. 
 
 verschtickere[’*~’~], pp verschtickert, to cut 
 in pieces, patch. G ver -+stiickern. 
 
 verschtifde[-*~], pp verschtift, to entice, lead 
 
 astray, prejudice against (another). G 
 ver +stiften. 
 verschtimmle, verschtimple[’*~], pp _ ver- 
 
 schtimmelt, to spoil, mutilate, botch. G 
 verstiimmeln. 
 
 verschtimmt[**], discordant, displeased. G 
 verstimmt. 
 
 verschtiwwert[’*~], driven out, 
 distraught. G verstébert. 
 
 verschtockt[-*], obdurate. G verstockt. 
 
 verschtohle[**~], clandestine, under-handed. 
 G verstohlen. 
 
 verschtohlenerweis[“*~~"], stealthily, 
 destinely. G verstohlener Weise. 
 
 verschtoosse[“~~], pp verschtoosse, to disown, 
 reject. G verstossen. 
 
 verschtoppe[’’~], pp verschtoppt, to stop a 
 
 scattered, 
 
 clan- 
 
168 
 
 hole or leak, clog; verschtoppt, clogged, 
 stopped, costive. G verstopfen. 
 
 verschtopping|~*~], f, constipation. G Ver- 
 stopfung. ‘ 
 verschtorwe (verschtarwe)[~*~], -ner, -ni, 
 
 -nes[~*~~], deceased, late. G verstorben. 
 
 verschtruwwele[’*~~], pp verschtruwwelt, to 
 dishevel. dG verschtruwwele. 
 
 verschtumbiere[~~*~], pp verschtumbiert, to 
 abuse. G ver+dG schtumbire. 
 
 verschwerze[’~], pp verschwerzt, sich, to 
 get black. G verschwiarzen. 
 
 verschweche[’*~], pp verschwecht, to weaken. 
 G verschwachen. 
 
 verschweere[~~~], pp verschwore, to conspire; 
 sich —, to vow. G verschworen. 
 
 verschweije[“~~], pp verschweicht, to be 
 silent, keep to one’s self (as a secret). G 
 verschweigen. 
 
 verschwelle|”*~], pp verschwolle, to swell. G 
 verschwellen. 
 
 verschwende[’*~], pp verschwendt, to waste, 
 lavish, dissipate. G verschwenden. 
 
 verschwenderisch[”*~~], extravagant. G ver- 
 schwenderisch. 
 verschwendung|[~’™], f, extravagance. G Ver- 
 
 schwendung. 
 
 verschwetze[” *~], pp verschwetzt, to talk into; 
 sich —, to gossip (too long), blab a secret; 
 sich — ’ losse, to permit oneself. to be per- 
 suaded. G verschwatzen. 
 
 verschwiche[~*~], silent, reticent. G _ ver- 
 schwiegen. 
 verschwinne, verschwinde[’’~], pp ver- 
 
 schwunne, to disappear. G verschwinden. 
 verschwitze|~*~], pp verschwitzt, to soil or 
 spoil by sweating. G verschwitzen. 
 
 verseeche[““~], pp verseecht, to spoil by 
 pissing on. G verseichen. 
 
 verseefe|~*~], verseeft, to drown; sich —, to 
 commit suicide by drowning. G versdufen 
 =ersdufen. 
 
 versehe, versehne[~*~], n, mistake. G Ver- 
 sehen. 
 
 versehe, versehne[~*~], pp versehne, to pro- 
 vide for, administer, attend to. G ver- 
 sehen. 
 
 verseihe[**~], pp verseiht, is said of a cow 
 when she is in that period of gestation 
 before calving when she gives no milk: 
 di kuh hott verseiht. Probably from G 
 seihen which in its MHG form sithen had 
 the meaning to fall (come) in drops. 
 
 verseime|[“~~], pp verseimt, to neglect, miss; 
 sich —, to delay, be behind time. G 
 versdumen. 
 
 verseimung|~~~], f, omission. 
 
 versenke|[~~~], 
 G versengen. 
 
 versetze[“*~], pp versetzt, to change the place 
 of, give, carry out. G versetzen. 
 
 versetzung|~*~], f, transposition. G Ver- 
 setzung. 
 
 versichere|~*~~], pp versichert, to insure, give 
 security, assure. G versichern. 
 
 G Versdumung. 
 pp versenkt, to singe, scorch. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Soctety 
 
 versicherung[’*~~], 
 G Versicherung. 
 
 versindiche[*~™~], pp versindicht, sich, to sin. 
 G versiindigen. 
 
 versinke[~*~], pp versunke, to sink out of 
 sight. G versinken. 
 
 versoffner[’*~], en, a drunken fellow. Adj 
 from versaufe. 
 
 versohle[~*~], pp versohlt, to flog thoroughly; 
 sich —, to begrime one’s trousers. 
 versohlen. 
 
 versuch[~*], m, trial, taste, effort. G Ver- 
 such. 
 
 versuche[~*~], pp versucht, to try, experience, 
 tempt, taste. G versuchen. 
 
 versuchung[~*~], f, temptation. G Versuch- 
 ung. 
 
 versuddere, versoddere[~*~™~], pp versuddert, 
 to seep away. G ver-+suddre. 
 
 versuddle[“*~], pp versuddelt, to soil, mess 
 up, ruin. G versudeln. 
 
 verummeniere, verungeniere[“~~~~], pp 
 verummeniert, to ruin. dG verrumeniere. 
 G ver +ruinieren. 
 
 {, insurance, guarantee. 
 
 verunglicke[“’~~], pp verunglickt, to go 
 amiss, meet with an accident. G verun- 
 gliicken. 
 
 verursache|[“*~~], pp verursacht, to cause. G 
 verursachen. 
 
 verwache[~*~], pp verwacht, to be unable to 
 sleep. G verwachen. 
 
 verwachse[~’~], pp verwachse, to outgrow, 
 lose with age, be overgrown with (weeds) 
 G verwachsen. 
 
 verwerfe[“’~], pp verworfe, to reject. G 
 verwerten. 
 
 verwerje|[’’~], pp verwerrickt, to choke. G 
 ver +wiirgen, dG worgen. 
 
 verwerre[~*~], pp verwerrt, to confuse, be- 
 wilder, addle; sich —, to become confused; 
 verwerrt, confused, delirious. G verwir- 
 ren. 
 
 verwerricke[”*~~], pp verwerrickt, to forfeit. 
 G verwirken. 
 
 verwahre[~*~], pp verw4hrt, to keep carefully. 
 G verwahren. 
 
 verwalte[“*~], pp verwalt, to administer. G 
 verwalten. 
 
 verwalter[~*~], m, G Ver- 
 walter. 
 
 verwandle[~*~], pp verwandelt, to change, 
 
 administrator. 
 
 transmute. G verwandeln. 
 
 verwandlung[’*~], f, transmutation. G Ver- 
 wandlung. 
 
 verwandte(r)[“-*~], m, relative. G _ Ver- 
 wandte(r). 
 
 verwandtschaft[**~], f, relatives. G. Ver- 
 wandtschaft. 
 
 verwarne[~*~], pp verwarnt, to (fore)warn. 
 G verwarnen. 
 
 verwarrickse[~*~~], pp verwarrickst, to choke 
 (intransitive). dG ver +worgse. 
 
 vexwrasyerr ier closely rooted. G verwur- 
 zelt. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 verwechsle[’*~], pp verwechselt, to change, 
 take for another. G verwechseln. 
 verwechslung, verwechsling[’’~], f, change. 
 G Verwechslung. 
 verweeche[~*~], pp verweecht, to become too 
 soft. G verweichen. 
 verwehne[~~~], pp verwehnt, to spoil (a child), 
 coddle. G verwéhnen. 
 verwehre[~~~], pp verwehrt, to prevent, pro- 
 hibit. G verwehren. 
 verweijere[“~~~], pp verweijert, to refuse. G 
 verweigern. 
 verweile[“*~], pp verweilt, to stay, linger; 
 sich —, to pass the time. G verweilen. 
 verwelke|[“’~], pp verwelkt, to wither. G 
 verwelken. 
 verwenne[~~~], pp verwennt, to apply, spend. 
 G verwenden. 
 verwese["~~], pp verwest, to moulder. G 
 verwesen. 
 verweser[~~~], m, guardian. G Verweser. 
 pee eenanty liable to decay. G verwes- 
 ich. 
 verwetze[~*~], pp verwetzt, di hosse, to cover 
 the inside of the trouser-leg with mud and 
 moisture from walking in mud or wet grass. 
 G verwetzen. 
 verwickle[~*~], pp verwickelt, to implicate, 
 involve, tangle. G verwickeln. 
 verwicklung[~~~], f, maze, tangle. G Ver- 
 wicklung. 
 verwiehle[~~~], pp verwiehlt, to root over (a 
 field). G verwiihlen. 
 - verwieschde[~*~], pp verwiescht, to devastate. 
 G verwiisten. 
 verwildert[’ *~], grown up in weeds and brush. 
 G verwildert. 
 verwille[~’~], pp verwillt, to bequeath, will. 
 G verwillen. 
 verwilliche[-*~~], pp verwillicht, 
 comply with, accede to. G verwilligen. 
 verwinsche[~ * “ip pp verwinscht, to curse, im- 
 precate. G verwiinschen. 
 verwische[“*~], pp verwischt, to obliterate, 
 erase, ‘catch hold of (in last meaning also 
 occurs as verwitsche). G verwischen. 
 verwunde[~*~], pp verwundt, to wound. G 
 verwunden. 
 verwunnere[~*~~], pp verwunnert, to astound; 
 sich —, to be amazed. G verwundern. 
 verzAcht[~“], timid, afraid. G verzagt. 
 verzackere[~*~~], pp verzackert, to squander. 
 dG ver +zackere. 
 verzackere[’*~~], pp verzackert, to ornament, 
 botch up. G ver+zacken. 
 verzaehle|[~~~], pp verzaehlt, to tell, narrate. 
 G erzahlen. 
 verzerne[“*~], pp verzernt, to anger; 
 —, to become angry. G verziirnen. 
 verzaje[“~~], pp verzacht, verzakt, to despair. 
 G verzagen. 
 verzappe[~*~], pp verzappt, to tap (out). G 
 verzapfen. 
 verzehre[~*~], pp verzehrt, to consume, de- 
 vour. G verzehren. 
 
 to grant, 
 
 sich 
 
 169 
 
 verzeichne[“*~], pp verzeichent, to record. 
 G verzeichnen. 
 
 verzeihe[“*~], pp verzeiht, to forgive, pardon. 
 G verzeihen. 
 
 verzeite[“~~], in olden times, formerly. G 
 vorzeiten. 
 
 verzickere[*~~], p 
 
 pp verzickert, to ornament, 
 bedeck. 
 
 verzickt[“*], enraptured, wild, out of one’s 
 
 mind: — iwwer ebbes. G verziickt. 
 
 verzieje[“ ~~], pp verzojje, to wait, tarry, warp. 
 G verziehen. 
 
 verzimmere[“’~~], pp verzimmert, to repair, 
 fix. G verzimmern. 
 
 verzoppe[~’~], pp verzoppt, to pull to pieces. 
 G verzupfen. 
 
 verzottle[’<~], pp verzottelt, to lose in hauling 
 or handling, drop. G verzotteln. 
 
 verzucke[~*~], pp verzuckt, to twitch, move, 
 budge, shrug, distort. G verzucken. 
 
 verzwerwle[“*~], pp verzwerwelt, to blow 
 into whirls or tangles. dG verzwerwle. 
 
 verzwatzle[“*~], pp verzwatzelt, sich, to be 
 lost in amazement, be all impatience. dG 
 verzwazele. 
 
 verzwenge[~*~], pp verzwengt, to hold back, 
 restrain, elbow aside. G verzwangen. 
 
 verzwickt[~*], queer, awkward: — wese, darn 
 thing. G verzwickt. 
 
 vieh, viech["], n, cattle, confounded rabble. 
 
 G Vieh. 
 
 vieh || dreiwer[*~~], m, drover; -sals[~~], n 
 rock salt, coarse salt. 
 
 viehisch[~~j, beastly, brutish. G viehisch. 
 
 viel[], much, many. G viel. 
 
 viel || eck[* ak n, polygon; -feldich[~~~], man- 
 ifold. G vielfaltig; -frass[* “], m, glutton, 
 
 sloth; -weiwerei[*~~"], f, polygamy. 
 Vielweiberei. 
 
 vielerlee[*~~], of many kinds, various. G 
 vielerlei. 
 
 vier], viere[~~], four. G vier. 
 
 vier || beenich[~~~], four-legged; -blettrich 
 [-~~], four-leafed; -dausend["*~], four 
 thousand; -draehdich|~ ~~], four-ply; -eck 
 baad iin 6 8 ‘quadrangle; -eckich[~~~], four- 
 cornered; -feldich|[~~~], fourfold; -fiessich 
 bret Fi four-footed: -hendich[~~~], four- 
 handed; -hunnert(~~~], four hundred; 
 zjaehrich[~~~], four years old; -mol[*"], 
 four times; -reddrich[~~~], four-wheeled; 
 -schteckich[~~~], four-storied; -schtimmich 
 [~~~], (for) four voices or parts; -sitzich 
 [~~~], four-seated. 
 
 viergeilsfuhr[~"], f, four Bote team. G 
 vier ++dG geil +G Fuhre. 
 
 viert["], fourth. G viert. 
 
 viertens[~~], fourthly. G viertens. 
 
 vierter[~~], en, four-spot (in cards), the figure 
 
 G Vierer. 
 
 violi[*~ “J, n, violet. L viola. 
 
 visidiere(v =f)[“~*“], pp visidiert, to inspect, 
 examine. G visitieren. 
 
 visier(v =f)[**], n, sight (of a rifle). G Visier. 
 
 vojjel[*~], m, pl vejjel, bird. G Vogel. 
 
170 
 
 vojjel || fuss[*~~], m, bird-foot violet; -kersch 
 [*~~], f, bird cherry; -kaschde[*~~~], m, 
 bird house; -nescht[*~~], n, bird’s nest; -oi 
 [*~"], n, bird’s egg. 
 vojjelsbohn[*~*], f, 
 
 any speckled bean, 
 
 variety of speckled bean. G Vogel+ 
 Bohne. 
 volk[~], n, people, nation, set, lot. G Volk. 
 
 ites || reich[*"], populous; -saje[*~~], f, folk- 
 
 ore. 
 
 voll[-], full. G voll. 
 
 volibringe[~’~], pp vollbrocht, to carry out, 
 complete. G vollbringen. 
 
 vollende[“*~], pp vollendet, to finish. G 
 vollenden. 
 
 vollens[*~], fully. G vollends. 
 
 volifiehre[“*“], pp vollfiehrt, to carry out, 
 execute. G vollfiihren. 
 
 vollfille[-*~], pp vollfillt, to fulfil. 
 fiillen after analogy of E fulfil. 
 
 vollicht[*~], n, full moon. G Volllicht. 
 
 volljaehrich[*~~], of age. G volljahrig. 
 
 vollkumme[”*™], perfect, entirely. G 
 kommen. 
 
 vollmache[*~™~], 
 vollmachen. 
 
 vollmacht[*~], f, authority. G Vollmacht. 
 
 vollmechtich[~*~], mightily. Gvoll+miachtig. 
 
 vollmechtiche[“*~~], pp vollmechticht, to 
 empower. Verb from G Vollmacht. 
 
 vollmoond|[*~], m, full moon. G Vollmond. 
 
 volischtennich, vollschtendich[’*~], complete. 
 G vollstandig. 
 
 vollschder[‘~], completely, finally, finished, 
 atlength. dG vollsch, vollster, vollister. 
 
 volischtoppe[*~~], pp vollgschtoppt, to cram 
 full. G vollstopfen. 
 
 vor["], before; ahead. G vor. 
 
 vor-["], separable prefix of verbs and prefix 
 of derived words. G vor-. 
 
 vora~[~~], forward. G voran. 
 
 vora~ || geh*[*~"], to precede, progress, pro- 
 ceed; shelfe[~~~~], to help on the way, 
 assist; -kumme[*~~~], to progress, thrive. 
 
 voraus|~"], in advance. G voraus. 
 
 voraussetze["“~~~], pp vorausgsetzt, to sup- 
 pose. G voraussetzen. 
 
 vorbau[*"], m, overhang (of a Swiss barn). 
 G Vorbau. 
 
 vorbedeite[~~~~], pp vorbedeit, to portend. 
 G vorbedeuten. 
 
 vorbedeitung[*~~~], f, 
 Vorbedeutung. 
 
 vorbereite[~~ ~~], pp vorbereit, to prepare. G 
 vorbereiten. 
 
 vorb(e)reiting[~~~~], f, preparatory services 
 (before communion). G Vorbereitung. 
 
 vorbieje[~~~], pp vorgeboje, sich, to bend 
 forward. G vorbiegen. 
 
 vorbringe[~~~], pp vorgebrocht, to produce, 
 propose. G vorbringen. 
 
 vord("], vore, vor(d)ich[*~], a while ago. 
 MHG vore. 
 
 vordem{*~], vardem|[*~], heretofore. 
 dem. 
 
 G voll+ 
 
 voll- 
 
 pp vollgemacht, to fill. G 
 
 portent, omen. G 
 
 G vor- 
 
 The Pennsyloania-German Society 
 
 vorderhand[*~~], varderhand[*~~], before- 
 hand. G vorderhand. 
 
 vordraje(~~~], pp vorgedraje, to present. G 
 vortragen. 
 
 vordrefflich{"*~], excellent. G vortrefflich. 
 
 vordrehe[*~~], pp vorgedreht, to turn ahead 
 (a clock). G vordrehen. 
 
 vordu*{*"], pp vorgedu’, to set or put ahead. 
 G vortun. 
 
 voreeje[~~~], pp vorgeeekt, to harrow before 
 sowing. G vor+eggen. 
 
 voreltre[~~™~], pl, ancestors. G Voreltern. 
 
 vorfahre[~~~], pp vorgfahre, to outstrip 
 another in driving, drive past. G vor- 
 fahren. 
 
 vorfall[~“], m, event. G Vorfall. 
 
 vorfalle[~~~], pp vorgfalle, to happen. G 
 vorfallen. 
 
 vorgang[~~], 
 Vorgang. 
 
 vorgeblich{~~~], ostensible. G vorgeblich. 
 
 vorgeh*[*"], pp vorgange, to precede, take 
 place. G vorgehen. 
 
 vorgenger[~~~], m, leader, ancestor. G Vor- 
 ganger. 
 
 vorgewwe[~~~], pp vorgewwe, to pretend, 
 have a pretext. G vorgeben. 
 
 vorgrund|[*~], m, foreground. G Vorgrund. 
 
 vorgucke[*~~], pp vorgeguckt, to be on the 
 alert, anticipate. G vor+dG gucke. 
 
 vorher[~~], before, in advance, previously. 
 G vorher. 
 
 vorher H geh*[~~"], to precede; -saje[~~~~], 
 to tell in advance, predict; -wisse[~~~~], 
 to know in advance. 
 
 vorhalte[~~~], pp vorkalte, to upbraid, re- 
 proach, remind. G vorhalten. 
 
 vorhang[~~], m, curtain. G Vorhang. 
 
 vorhawwe|[~~~], pp vorkatt, to be up to, be at, 
 be engaged in, have in mind. G vorhaben. 
 
 vorich{~~], former; a while ago. G vorig. 
 
 vor e[~~~], pp vorkumme, to come for- 
 ward, happen, forestall, beat, anticipate, 
 seem. G vorkommen. 
 
 vorlade[~~~“], pp vorgelade, to summon. G 
 vorladen. 
 
 vorlaf[~~], m, (in distilling) the first run of 
 spirits. G Vorlauf. 
 
 vorlafe[~~~], pp vorgeloffe, to walk ahead, 
 walk to the head. G vorlaufen. 
 
 vorlafer[~~~], m, forerunner. G Vorlaufer. 
 
 vorleje[~~~], pp vorgelekt, to accuse of, up- 
 braid for. G vorlegen. 
 
 vorlese[~~~], pp vorgelese, to read aloud, to 
 read before singing. G vorlesen. 
 
 vorlosse[~~~], pp vorgelosst, to permit to 
 come to the front, allow to pass. G vor- 
 lassen. 
 
 vorm|"] =vor em. 
 
 vormache[~~~], pp vorgemacht, to show (an- 
 other) how to do something. G vor- 
 machen. 
 
 vormaehe[*~~], pp vorgemaeht, to lead the 
 mowers. G vormahen. 
 
 vormaeher[*~~], m, leader of the mowers. 
 G Vormiaher. 
 
 m, vestibule, happening. G 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 vormann[~~], m, foreman. G Vormann. 
 
 vorname, vornome[*~~], m, given name. G 
 Vorname. 
 
 vornehm|[~*~], excellent. 
 
 vornehmlich[* ~~], 
 vornehmlich. 
 
 vornehmscht[*~"], very best. G vornehmst. 
 
 vornemme|[*~~], pp vorgenumme, sich, to 
 decide, determine, purpose, conclude. G 
 vornehmen. 
 
 G vornehm. 
 chiefly, particularly, G 
 
 vornemmes[~*~~], n, undertaking. G Vor- 
 nehmen. 
 
 vorraedich[*~~], on hand, in store. G vor- 
 ratig. 
 
 vorrang|~~], m, advantage, prestige. G Vor- 
 
 rang 
 
 worrecht| "1, n, privilege, prerogative. G 
 Vorrecht. 
 
 vorred[~~], f, preface. G Vorrede. 
 
 vorreide[~~~], pp vorgeridde, to ride past 
 
 another (in the same direction), outstrip in 
 riding. G vorreiten. 
 
 vorrenne[~~~], pp vorgerennt, to dash ahead. 
 G vorrennen. 
 
 vorricke[~~™~], pp vorgerickt, to place or push 
 forward. G vorriicken. 
 
 vorriddle[~~~], pp vorgeriddelt, to cast up 
 (something) to (some one). G vor+ 
 riitteln. 
 
 vorrot[~~], m, hoard, provision. G Vorrat. 
 
 vorrutsche[~~~], pp vorgerutscht, to slip 
 ahead, slide ahead. G vorrutschen. 
 
 vorsaje[~~~], pp vorgsat, to prompt, line out 
 
 ahymn. G vorsagen. 
 vorsarrick[~~™], f, provision, foresight. G 
 Vorsorge. 
 
 vorschaffe[~~~], pp vorgschafft, to put (some- 
 thing) into a forward position; sich —, to 
 get up ahead. G vorschaffen. 
 
 vorschicke[~~~], pp vorgschickt, to send up 
 ahead. G-vvorschicken. 
 
 vorschiewe[~~~], pp vorgschowe, to push for- 
 ward. G vorschieben. 
 
 vorschlack[*~], m, proposal; im — hawwe, to 
 propose. G Vorschlag. 
 
 vorschlajje[~~~], pp vorgschlajje, to propose. 
 G vorschlagen. 
 
 vorschmeisse[~~~], pp vorgschmisse, to cast 
 up to, reproach (with). G vorschmeissen. 
 
 vorschneide|~ “], pp vorgschnidde, to lead 
 the sicklers. G vorschneiden. 
 
 vorschpanne[~~~], pp vorgschpannt, to hitch 
 additional horses in front. G vorspannen. 
 
 vorschpringe[~~~], pp vorgschprunge, to run 
 ahead of, run to the head of. G vor- 
 springen. 
 
 vorschreiwe[~~~], pp vorgschriwwe, to write 
 asacopy. G vorschreiben. 
 
 vorschteh*[~~], pp vorgschtanne, to project. 
 G vorstehen. 
 
 vorschteher[*~~], m, deacon. G Vorsteher. 
 
 vorschtelle[~~~], pp vorgschtellt, to personate; 
 sich —, to imagine. G vorstellen. 
 
 vorschtellung, vorschtelling[*~~], f, imagina- 
 tion, anticipation. G Vorstellung. 
 
 171 
 
 vorschtrecke[~~~], pp vorgschtreckt, to ad- 
 vance (money). G vorstrecken. 
 
 vorschtubb[~~], f, anteroom. G Vorstube. 
 
 vorschuss[~~], m, overhang of a Swiss barn. 
 G Vorschuss. 
 
 vorsehne[*~~], pp vorgsehne, sich, to provide 
 for oneself, be cautious. G vorsehen. 
 
 vorsei~[~~], pp vorgewest, to be ahead, have 
 a case on at court. G vorsein. 
 
 vorsetze[~~~], pp vorgsetzt, to prescribe. G 
 vorsetzen. 
 
 vorsicht[*~], f, foresight, precaution, wariness, 
 heed, care. G Vorsicht. 
 
 vorsichtich[*~~], careful, cautious, provident. 
 G vorsichtig. 
 
 vorsinge[~~~], pp vorgsunge, to lead the sing- 
 ing. G vorsingen. 
 
 vorsinger, vorsenger[~~ 
 choir. G Vorsadnger. 
 
 vorsitze[~~~], pp vorgsotze, to preside; sitz 
 dich vor, take a seat upfront. G vorsitzen. 
 
 vorsitzer[~~~], m, chairman, president. G 
 Vorsitzer. 
 
 vorurteil[~~~], n, prejudice. G Vorurteil. 
 
 vorvaeter[~~~], pl, forefathers, ancestors. G 
 Vorvater. 
 
 vorwerts[~~], forward, ahead. G vorwéarts. 
 
 vorwart[~~], n, preface, foreword. G Vor- 
 wort. 
 
 “], m, leader of the 
 
 vorwinter[*~~], m, early part of the winter. 
 
 G Vorwinter. 
 
 vorwitzich[{~~~], forward, snoopy, indiscrete, 
 heedless. G vorwitzig. 
 
 vorzaehle[~~~], pp vorgezaehlt, to tell (some 
 one) what is what. G vorzahlen. 
 
 vorzieje[*~~], pp vorgezojje, to prefer. G 
 vorziehen. 
 
 vorzuck[~~], m, preference, advantage. G 
 Vorzug. 
 
 vorzus[~~], forward. G vor+dG zus. 
 
 vum[~] =vun em. 
 
 vumme[*~] =vun me. 
 
 vun[~], from, of; — dann, thence. 
 
 vunenanner[’~~™~], apart, separate. 
 nander. 
 
 vunenannergeh*[*~~~ "], pp vunenannergange, 
 to separate, part. G voneinander +gehen. 
 
 vunenannerkumme[*~~~~~ ], pp (same), to 
 become separated. G voneinander +kom- 
 men. 
 
 vunre[*~] =vun re. 
 
 vunweje[“~~], (prep) about, concerning; 
 (conj) because, since. G von wegen. 
 
 vurrand|[*~] =vora’. 
 
 G von. 
 G vonei- 
 
 WwW 
 
 wabble[*~], pp gewabbelt, to shake, wabble. 
 wabbeln. 
 wabblich[*~], shaky, rickety. G wabbeln, 
 E wobbly. 
 wache[*™~], pp gewacht, to watch, keep awake. 
 G wachen. 
 wachere[* ~~] =wache. 
 
172 
 
 wachholler, wachholder[*~~], m, juniper. G 
 Wacholder. 
 
 wachhollerbeer[*~~"], f, juniper berry. G 
 Wacholderbeere. 
 
 wachnacht[*~], f, night vigil with a corpse, 
 wake. G Wach-+Nacht. 
 
 wachs|~], m, wax. G Wachs. 
 
 wachsam, wachtsam[*~], vigilant. G wach- 
 sam. 
 
 wachs || blumm[*~], f, wax flower; -bobb[*~], 
 f, wax doll; -licht[*~], n, taper; -schmier 
 [*"], f, grafting wax, salve; -schtock[*™], 
 m, begonia. 
 
 wachse[*~], pp gewachst, to wax. G wachsen. 
 
 wachse|*~], pp gewachse, to grow. G wach- 
 sen. 
 
 wachsgnopp[*~], m, swollen gland. G wachs 
 
 + Knopf. 
 wachsich[*~], thrifty (of plants). Adj from 
 G wachsen. Cf wechsich. 
 
 wachsich[*~], waxen. G wachsern. 
 
 wacht["], f, watch. G Wacht. 
 
 wachthund[*~], m, watchdog. G Wacht+ 
 Hund. 
 
 wacke[*~], mm, quartz, boulder, cobble; 
 deitsche —, kind of cake; weisse —, quartz. 
 G Wacke. 
 
 wackeschtee*[*~"], m, G Wacke+ 
 Stein. 
 
 wacker, wackrich[*~], awake, alert, wakeful; 
 — werre, to awaken. dG wacker(ig). 
 
 wackich[’~], soil covered with small boulders. 
 G wackig. 
 
 wackle[*~], pp gewackelt, to shake, wabble. 
 G wackeln. 
 
 wacklich[*~], wabbly, shaky. 
 
 waddel[*~], m, stout person. 
 Wadel. 
 
 wade[~~], pp gewade, to wade. G waten. 
 
 wade[*~], f, calf (of the leg). G Wade. 
 
 waehle[~~], pp gewaehlt, to elect, choose. G 
 wahlen. 
 
 waehre[~~], pp gewaehrt, to last, continue. 
 G wahren. 
 
 waehrend[*~], during. G wahrend. 
 
 waer|[], were, would be; ich — gern gange, I 
 would have liked to go, I would gladly 
 have gone. G ware. 
 
 weerl], who? (he) who (rel pr): — @Ahalt 
 gewinnt. G wer. 
 
 weerd[’], becomes, will. G wird. 
 
 weerdaks|*"], week-days, on week-days. G 
 Werk(el)tag +s. 
 
 werdaksgleeder|*~ ~~], pl, working clothes. 
 G Werktagskleider. 
 
 weerderswese[*~~~], n, confounded thing. G 
 wetters + Wesen. 
 
 werdich|*~], worthy. G wiirdig. 
 
 weerfe[*™], to litter (of sows). G werfen. 
 
 werfel[*™], m, die; pl weerfle, dice. G Wiirfel. 
 
 werfle|*~], pp gewerfelt, to throw dice. G 
 wiirfeln. 
 
 weerflich[*~], (cut) in cubes. G wiirfelig. 
 
 weerjel[*~], n, handful of finished flax. G 
 Wergel. 
 
 flint. 
 
 G wacklig. 
 Allied to G 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 werkelhols[* ~~], n, rolling-pin. 
 Holz. 
 
 weerklich|*~], werricklich[*~~], really, truly. 
 G wirklich. 
 
 werklichkeet[*~"], f, reality. G Wirklichkeit. 
 
 weerkmesser[*~~], weerrickmesser[’~~™~], n, 
 butteris. G Wirkmesser. 
 
 werksam|*™], efficient, effective. G wirksam. 
 
 weerkzeich[*~], n, implement, tool. G Werk- 
 zeug. 
 
 weermche[’~], n, little worm; en hoorich — 
 puppe, to fidget with impatience. G 
 Wiirmchen. 
 
 werme[*~], pp gewermt, to warm; sich —, to 
 warm oneself. G warmen. 
 
 wermer|[*~], warmer. G warmer. 
 
 wermich[*~], wormy. G wurmig. 
 
 werming|*~], f, warmth, heat, flogging. G 
 Warme. 
 
 weermscht["], warmest. G warmst. 
 
 weerr[~], confused. G wirr. 
 
 werre|[*~], pp warre, werre, to become, 
 change to, shall, will; es werd net, it is 
 not a success. G werden. 
 
 werrick[*~], n, work, works. G Werk. 
 
 weetrick[*~], n, tow. G Werg. 
 
 werricke[*~™~], of flax. G wergen. 
 
 werricke[*~~], werje[*~], pp gewerrickt, to 
 
 dG wargeln + 
 
 choke. G wiirgen. 
 
 wetrickgawwel[*~~~], f, distaff. G Werg+ 
 Gabel. 
 
 weerrickhaus[’~"], mn, workhouse. After E - 
 workhouse. 
 
 werrwese[’~~], n, confusion. G Wirrwesen. 
 
 werschde[*™], pp gewzrscht, to make sau- 
 sages. G wursten. 
 
 werschtche[*~], n, little sausage. G Wiirst- 
 
 chen. 
 
 weerscht || drechder[*~~], m, sausage stuffer; 
 -fleesch[*"], n, sausage meat; -maschien 
 [*~"], f, meat chopper; -schiesser[*~~], m, 
 sausage stuffer. 
 
 wert[], worth; er is nix —, he has no 
 property, he is good for nothing. G wert. 
 
 wert[], m, worth, value. G Wert. 
 
 wert|~], m, landlord. G Wirt. 
 
 wertche[*~],n, word; ken —, nota word. G 
 Wortchen. 
 
 werterbuch[*~~], n, dictionary, vocabulary. 
 G Worterbuch. 
 
 weertlich[*~], literal, verbal. G wéortlich. 
 
 wertn[”], f, landlady. G Wirtin. 
 
 weertschaft[*~], f, hotel, hotel-stand, hotel 
 business, confusion, bustle. G Wirtschaft. 
 
 wertschafte[*~~], pp gewertschaft, to be busy 
 at or with, get along. G wirtschaften. 
 
 werts \ fra[’"], f, landlady; -haus[*7], n, 
 hotel. 
 
 wertung[~*~], f, value. G Wert +ung. 
 
 wertvoll(~~], valuable. G wertvoll. 
 
 werwell[*~], m, middle of the skull, crown, 
 
 whirl, eddy, turn-button. G Wirbel, dG 
 werwl. 
 
 werwle[*~], pp gewerwelt, to whirl. G 
 wirbeln. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 waesevatter[~~~“],. m, 
 Waisenvater. 
 
 waffel[*-], f, waffle, mouth. G Waffel. 
 
 waffeleise[~~~], n, waffle-iron. G Waffel- 
 eisen. 
 
 wahi[~], f, election, choice, option; in der — 
 schteh”, to be undecided. G Wahl. 
 
 wahlblatz[*“], m, polling place. G Wahl- 
 platz. 
 
 wahle[*~], pp gewahlt, to hesitate, be un- 
 decided. Verb from wahl. 
 
 wahr, wohr["], true. G wahr. 
 
 wahret, wohret[*~], f, truth. G Wahrheit. 
 
 wahretlich wohretlich[~~~], verily. G wahr- 
 ic 
 
 Barat wohrhaft[*"], truthful. G wahr- 
 
 wahrhaftich, wohrhaftich[" ““], verhaftich[- *"], 
 veracious; actually, really, truly, certainly. 
 G wahrhaftig. 
 
 wahrlich, wohrlich[*~], verily. G wahrlich. 
 
 wahrsaje, wohrsaje[~~], pp wahrgsat, to 
 divine, tell fortunes. G wahrsagen. 
 
 wahrsajer, wohrsAjer[~~], wahretsajer[~~ ~], 
 on: ene teller, soothsayer. G Wahr- 
 
 wahrscheinlich{'“1 probable. 
 
 ich. 
 
 wahrscheinlichkeet["*~"], f, probability, like- 
 lihood. G Wahrscheinlichkeit. 
 
 waise || haus[~~], n, orphans’ home; -kind 
 {[-*~"], n, orphan. G Waisenkind. 
 
 waje[~], pp gewakt, to venture, dare. G 
 
 prothonotary. G 
 
 G wahrschein- 
 
 wagen. 
 
 wajje[~],  wache(n)[~], m, wagon. G 
 Wagen. 
 
 wajje || achs[*~~], f, axle-tree; -deck[*~], f 
 wagon cover; -deichsel[*~™~], f, wagon 
 
 tongue; -glees[*~ ], m, wheel rut; -leeder 
 {*~~], f, hay rack (on a wagon); ‘rad’ Tie 
 n, wagon wheel; -reef[*~], m,_ tire; 
 -schmier[’~’], f, axle- -grease; -schnepp[’~~], 
 
 iayack: -schopp|° “J, m, wagon-shed; 
 -schperr[’~], f, brake; -winn[’], f, 
 screw-jack. 
 wajner[*’], m, wheelwright. G Wagner. 
 
 wald[-], m, forest (comparatively rare), dense 
 growth (figurative). G Wald. 
 
 waldhaehr[*], m, jay. G Waldhaher. 
 
 walfisch[~], walfisch[~~], f, whale. G Wal- 
 fisch. 
 
 wallebletter, wellebletter[*’~], pl, 
 
 yellow 
 pond net he Cf schillgrottebletter. 
 
 wallem[*], f, pl walme, ridge or heaped row 
 (in which ‘sweet potatoes are planted). G 
 Walm. 
 
 Wall(i)[*"], m, Valentine, Walter. G Val- 
 (entin), Walter. 
 
 wallicke[*~], pp gewallickt, to beat. G 
 walken. 
 
 walnuss[*’], pl walniss, walnut. G Walnuss. 
 
 walnuss || bam[*~"], m, walnut tree; -hols 
 
 {*~], n, walnut wood; -rinn[*~~], f, bark of 
 the walnut tree; -schal[*~” et walnut shell. 
 wals[~], f, roller, windlass. G Walze. 
 
 173 
 
 walse[*“], pp gewalst, to flatten out (with a 
 roller), roll. G walzen. 
 
 walser[*“], m, waltz. G Walzer. 
 
 walte[*], pp gewaltet, to govern, leave to the 
 disposition of (God). G walten. 
 
 wambe[*’], m, stomach, maw, belly, large 
 lump (resembling a cow’s stomach), 
 Wampe. 
 
 wammer|*] = wann mer, if we, if one, if a 
 person. 
 
 wammerm|*“] = wammer em. 
 
 wammern|*~’] = wammer en. 
 
 wammes [*], m, jumper, dG 
 wammes. 
 
 wamsche[*], pp. gewamscht, to beat, flog. 
 dG wamsche. 
 
 wand{[”], f, inside wall, (rocky) cliff. G Wand. 
 
 wand || babier[*~"], n, wallpaper; -begleed- 
 ung|*~™~], f, wainscoting; -bobb[*], f, 
 wallflower (sarcastic); -deppich[*~~], m, 
 tapestry; -laus[*], f, bedbug: so griddlich 
 as en —, said of a very grouchy person. 
 
 wandell|* “I m, conduct, mode of life, course of 
 life. G Wandel. 
 
 wandere[*~~], pp gewandert, to wander, roam. 
 G wandern. 
 
 wandle[*“], pp gewandelt, to walk, move, act, 
 travel. G wandeln. 
 
 wange[*~], f, cheek (rare). G Wange. 
 
 wangelappe[*~~~], m, wattle. G Wangen + 
 Lappen. 
 
 wanke[*], pp gewankt, to waver, wabble, 
 stagger, be unstable. G wanken. 
 
 wankelmiedich[*~ ~~], fickle, irresolute. G 
 wankelmiitig. 
 
 wankle[*~], pp gewankelt, to totter, waver. 
 
 wankeln. 
 
 wanklich[*], unsteady, shaky. G wankelig. 
 
 wann|~], when; if. G wann, wenn. 
 
 wannd[~], wannde[*’] = wann du. 
 
 wanndem[*] = wann du em. 
 
 wanndme[*] = wann du me. 
 
 wanndre[*“] = wann du re. 
 
 wanns|[~] = wann es. 
 
 wans["], f, bedbug. G Wanze. 
 
 wanse || geruch{*~~~], m, odor of bedbugs; 
 -nescht[*~~], n, buggy house, shack. 
 
 blouse. 
 
 wansich[*], full of bedbugs, buggy. G 
 wanzig. 
 
 war["], f, ware, goods. G Ware. 
 
 war["], was (past ind of sei”). G war. 
 
 warf[~], warref[*“], m, snathe. dG worf. 
 
 warf|~],m, wharf. GWerft. Perhaps wholly 
 from E wharf. 
 
 warfschaufel[* ~~], f, scoop-shovel. G Wurf- 
 schaufel. 
 
 warhaus[*"], n, warehouse. G Warenhaus. 
 
 warm|~], warrem[*“], m, worm. G Wurm. 
 
 warm|"], warem[*~], warm. G warm. 
 
 warmet|*“], warmut[*"], m, wilder —, ragweed; 
 zahmer —, wormwood. G Wermut. 
 
 warmich[*], warremich[*~], wormy. G 
 wurmig. 
 
 warin || graut[*], n, wormseed; -mittel[*~~], 
 n, vermifuge; -schtich[*~], m, wormhole; 
 -schtichich{° ~], worm-eaten. 
 
174 
 
 warne, wanne[*~], pp gewarnt, to warn, fore- 
 warn. G warnen. 
 
 warning, warnung[*~], f, warning. G War- 
 nung. 
 
 warricke[*~~], warje[*~], pp gewarrickt, to 
 choke. G wiirgen. Cf werricke. 
 
 wartrickse|[*~~], pp gewarrickst, to gag, vomit, 
 hawk. dG worgse. 
 
 warscht["], f, sausage. G Wurst. 
 
 wart["], n, word. G Wort. 
 
 wart|"|, f{, watch: cr is uff der —. G Warte. 
 
 warte[*~], pp gewart, to wait. G warten. 
 
 wartfra[~"], f, midwife. G Wartefrau. 
 
 wartreich[* ], wordy. G wortreich. 
 
 wartschpiel|’"], n, pun. G Wortspiel. 
 
 wartung, warting[~~], f, attendance, nursing. 
 G Wartung. 
 
 warum|"*], warum[~*], why. G warum. 
 
 warz[], f, wart, nipple (of the breast). G 
 
 Warze. 
 
 warzel[*~], f, root. G Wurzel. 
 
 warzelche, werzelche[*~~], n, rootlet. G 
 Wiirzelchen. 
 
 warzich[~~], warty. G warzig. 
 
 warzle[’~], pp gewarzelt, to take root. G 
 wurzeln. 
 
 warzlich[’~], full of roots. G wurzelig. 
 
 was|[-], what? that which (rel pr), whatever, 
 also used as rel pr in referring to a person: 
 der mann —; — ferrich, what kind of, 
 what sort of. G was, was fiir +ig. 
 
 was[-]}=HG etwas, some:  gebts recht? es 
 gebt —, is it a good crop? fairly good. 
 
 wasem|[~~], m, sod. G Rasen, dG wasem. 
 
 wasser|*~], n, water, (W-) favorite name for 
 a dog. Wasser. 
 
 wasser || appel[*~~~], m, variety of apple; 
 zbabble[*~~~], m, f, buttonwood; -berke 
 [*~~~], f, river birch; -bank[*~~], f, bench 
 on which pails of water were placed for 
 house use; -blos[*~], f, bubble; -drok 
 [*~"], m, water-trough; -droppe[*~~~], m, 
 drop of water; -eemer[*~~~], m, bucket; 
 sfall[*~~], m, waterfall; -grawe[*~~~], m, 
 ditch; -(W-)kaft[*~~], f, Delaware Water 
 Gap; -kiwwel[*~~~], m, bucket (especially 
 of a well); <lilje[*~~~], f, pond-lily; -loch 
 [*~~], n, pool, puddle; -merrick[*~~~], n, 
 watermark; -(W-)mann[*~~], m, Aquarius 
 (sign of the zodiac); -melon[*~~*], f, water- 
 melon; -not[*~"], f, water-famine; -pann 
 [*~~], f, shallow pool in woods or on low 
 ground (sometimes dry); -parble[*~~~], pl, 
 chicken-pox; -rad[*~"], n, water wheel; 
 -recht[*~~], n, water right; -schei[*~”], f, 
 hydrophobia; -schlang[*~~], f, watersnake; 
 -schpritz[*~~], f, squirt, water-engine; 
 -schtraehme[*~~~], m, soggy- streak in 
 bread; -schtraehmich[*~~~], soggy (of 
 bread); -senf[*~~], m, watercress; -sichtich 
 [*~~~], dropsical; -simpel[*~~~], m, tem- 
 perance crank; -sucht[*~~], f, dropsy; 
 -supp[*~~], f, a soup made of bread, water, 
 salt and pepper, (contemptuous for) any 
 thin soup; -vojjel[*~~~], m, water bird; 
 sweerrick|*~~~], mn, waterworks; +-wajje 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Soctety 
 
 [~~~], m, wagon for hauling water, water- 
 wagon. 
 
 wass(e)rich[*~~], watery. G wasserig. 
 
 wassersuchtgraut[*~~"], n, wild ginger. G 
 Wassersucht + Kraut. 
 
 watt["], f, wad, wadding. G Watte. 
 
 wautz[], m, hobgoblin. dG bautze =mask. 
 Cf bautz. 
 
 webb["], web[7], n, web. G Webe. 
 
 web || schtuhl[**], m, loom; <zettel[*~~], m, 
 warp, Carpet-chain. 
 
 wechder[*~], m, watchman, sentinel. G 
 Wachter. 
 
 wechentlich[*~~], wechlich[’~], weekly. G 
 wochentlich. 
 
 wechsel[*~], m, change, (sudden) turn; n, 
 change (small money). G Wechsel. 
 wechselfiewer[*~~~], mn, intermittent fever. 
 G Wechselfieber. 
 wechsich[*~], thrifty, flourishing, favorable to 
 growth: — wetter. Adj from G wachsen. 
 wechsle[*~], pp gewechselt, to change, ex- 
 change. G wechseln. . 
 wechslich[*~], changeable. G wechsel +ig. 
 wechsling[*~], f, change. G Wechsel +ung. 
 weck[~], m, small light-cake, rusk. G Weck. 
 
 weck[“], away; — mit! away withit! G weg. 
 weck-[~], separable prefix of verbs. G weg-. 
 weck || addere[*~~~], to order away; 
 
 zberschde[*~~], to brush away; -balke 
 
 [*~~], to spend; -barje[*~~], to lend out; 
 -barzle[*~~], to tumble away; -beile[*~~], 
 to hew away; -beisse[*~~], to keep away 
 by biting; -bemble[*~~], to waste, fritter 
 away; -bieje[*~~], to bend away; -binne 
 [*~~], to tie in another place; -bleiwe[*~~], 
 to remain away; -blicke[*~~], to glance 
 away; -blose[*~~], to blow away; -brauche 
 [* ~~], to cause to disappear by powwowing; 
 -breche[*~~], to break or crumble away; 
 -brenne[*~~], to burn down; -brijjele[*~~™], 
 to drive away with a club; -bringe[*~™], 
 to bring away, cause to disappear; -bumpe 
 [*~~], to pump away; -butze[*~~], to clean 
 away, pilfer; -derfe[*~~], to be allowed to 
 go away; -derre[*~~], to dry away; -dappe 
 [*~~], to trudge away, leave without noti- 
 fication; -draje[*"~], to carry away; 
 -dreiwe[*~~], to drive away; -drinke[*~™], 
 to drink all of; -du*[*"], to put away, re- 
 move, abolish; -eile[*~~], to hasten away; 
 -esse[*~~], to eat up quickly, eat all of; 
 -fahre[*~~], to drive away (in a vehicle); 
 sfalle[*~~], to lose flesh (as in illness); 
 -fange[*~~], to catch, snatch away; -faule 
 [* ~~], to rot away; -fiehre[* ~~], to lead away; 
 -fladdre[*~~], to flutter away; -flappe[*~™], 
 to flop away; -flause[*~~], to filch; -flieje 
 [*"“], to fly away; -fresse[*~™], to eat up 
 greedily; -gawwle[*~~], to pitch away 
 (with a fork); -geh*[*"], to go away, de- 
 part, disappear, pass over; -gewwe[*~~], 
 to give away, betray; -grabsche[*~~], to 
 snatch away; -graddle[*~~], to crawl away; 
 -gratze[*~~], to scratch away; -grieje[*~~], 
 to get (some one) away, induce to leave; 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 egucke[’~~], to look away; -hacke[*~™], to 
 
 cut or chop down; -halte[*~~], to keep 
 (some one) away; -haschble[*~~], to leave 
 thoughtlessly; -helfe[*~~], to help (some 
 one) away; -henke[’~~], to hang away; 
 shewe[’~~], to lift away; -hole[*~~], to 
 fetch away; -hupse[*~~], to hop away; 
 ejaje[’-~], to chase away; -kehre[*~~], to 
 sweep away; -kenne[*~~], to be able to 
 get away; - e[*~~], to come away, 
 disappear; schlecht —, to fare badly; 
 -laéfe[*~~], to walk away, leave without 
 notice, run away (of liquids); -lause[*~~], 
 to steal, filch; -lehne[*~~], to loan, lend, 
 let; -leje[*~~], to lay away; sich —, to go 
 to bed; -lese[*~~], to pick away; -lifte 
 [*~~], to lift away; -locke[*~~], to decoy, 
 entice, call off (a dog); -losse[*~~], to leave 
 away; -mache[’~~], to remove; -maehe 
 [*-~], to remove by mowing; -misse[*~~], 
 to be compelled to get away; -narre[*~™], 
 to part with foolishly; -nemme[*~~], to 
 take away, cause to disappear, cure; 
 spacke[*~~], to pack away: sich —, to get 
 away; -raffe[*~~], to grasp away (from some 
 one); -rame[*~~], to remove; -reide[* ~~], 
 to ride away; -reisse[*~~], to snatch away, 
 tear down (a building); -renne[*~~], to 
 thrust away, rush away; -rinne[*~~], to 
 leak away; -rolle[*~~], to roll away; -roppe 
 {[*~~], to remove by plucking; -roschde 
 [°~~], to rust away; -rufe[*~~], to call away; 
 srutsche[*~~], to slide away; -saeje[*~~], 
 to saw off; -schaele[*~~], to peel off; 
 -scherre[*~~], to scratch away; -schaffe 
 [°~~], to remove, get rid of, dispose of; 
 zschalle[*~~], to sound at a distance; 
 -schaufle[*~~], to shovel away; -schenke 
 to give away; -scheppe[*~~], to dip or 
 shovel away; -schere[*~~], to shear off; 
 sschicke[*~~], to send away; -schiesse 
 [‘~~], to shoot off, use up in shooting; 
 -schiewe[*~~], to shove away; -schinne 
 [*~~], to abrade, plow poorly; -<schitte 
 [~~], to pour away; =-schlajje[*~~], to 
 knock away; -schleefe[*~~], to drag away; 
 sschleiche[* ~~], to sneak away; -schlenkere 
 [*~~~], to fling away; -schlippe[*~~], to 
 steal away, elude; -schluppe[*~~], to creep 
 into a place of concealment; -schmeisse 
 [*"~], to throw away; -schmelse[*~~], to 
 melt away; -schnerre[*~™], to jerk away; 
 -schnappe[*~~], to snatch away; -schneide 
 [*-~], to cut away; -schnelle|*~™], to jerk 
 away; -schpaue[*~~], to spit out; 
 -schprenge[*~~], to cause to run away; 
 -schpringe[*~~], to run away; =schritte 
 [*~~], to step away; -schtecke[*~~], to con- 
 ceal, put in a safe place; -schtehle[*~~], to 
 
 steal away; -schtelle[*~™], to set away; 
 <schtolpere[*~~~], to stumble away; 
 zschtoosse[*~~], to push away, spurn; 
 
 zsehne[*~~], to see off (to a distance); 
 ssetze[*~~], to set away; -vendere[*~~~], 
 sich, to venture away; -weise[*~~], to show 
 
 175 
 
 away; -wesche[*~~], to wash away; -wische 
 [*~~], to wipe away; -wolle[*~~], to want to 
 go away; -zackere[*~~~], to go along halt- 
 ingly, work slovenly; <zieje[*~~], to pull 
 away, move away. 
 
 wecke[*~], pp geweckt, to wake, waken. G 
 wecken. 
 
 wecker[*~], m, one who wakens. G Wecker. 
 
 weckuhr[*"], f, alarm clock. G Weckuhr. 
 
 weckzus[*~], (on the way) going, away from. 
 G weg +dG zus. 
 
 wedder[*~], against. dG wedder, G wider. 
 
 wedder-[*~], separable and inseparable prefix 
 of verbs. G wider-. 
 
 wedder || bappe[*~~~], to paste against; -fahre 
 [~~~], to drive against (as against a rock in 
 plowing); [~*~], to befall, happen; -drede 
 [*~-~“], to firm (against something) by 
 treading; -dappe[*~~™], to walk up against; 
 -flieje[*~~~], to fly against; -gloppe[*~~™], 
 to hammer against; -halte[*~~~], to sustain 
 one’s part, resist, endure; di ax —, to 
 steady by holding an ax against; hart —, 
 to be difficult to get done, be long in 
 happening; -kumme[*~~™~], to get against; 
 -lafe[*~~~], to walk up against, run up 
 against a snag in one’s plans; -lahne[*~ ~~], 
 to lean against; -leie[*~~~], to lie against; 
 enajjele[*~~~~], to nail against; -renne 
 [’~~~], to run up against; -schiewe[*~~~], 
 to push against; -schlajje[*~~~], to knock 
 against; -schmeisse[*~ ~~], to throw against; 
 -schpringe[*~~~], to run against; -schterze 
 [*~~~], to fall against; -schtoosse[*~~~], 
 to knock against, bump against; -zieje 
 [*~"~], to pull against. 
 
 wedderbatt[*~~], m, opposition (especially in 
 an argument): ebber — halte. G Wider- 
 part. 
 
 wedderleje[-~*~], pp wedderlekt, to deny, 
 
 oppose. G widerlegen. 
 
 wedderlejer[’~*~], m, opponent. G Wider- 
 leger. 
 
 weddernanner|[’~~~], one against the other. 
 dG wedder +G einander. 
 
 wedderschteh*[-~*], pp wedderschtanne, to 
 resist, offer resistance, oppose, be distaste- 
 ful. G widerstehen. 
 
 weddle[*~], pp geweddelt, to wave, swing, 
 wag the tail (of a dog). G wedeln. 
 
 wedel[~~], weddel[*~], m, tail, whisk, paddle, 
 fly-chaser. G Wedel. 
 
 weech["], soft. G weich. 
 
 weeche[*~], pp geweecht, der buckel, to flog, 
 tan. weichen. 
 
 weecher|[~~], softer. G weicher. 
 
 weech || herzich[*~~], soft-hearted; -meilich 
 [~~~], soft-mouthed (of horses). 
 
 weechscht["], softest. G weichst. 
 
 weed["], f, pasture. G Weide. 
 
 weede[~~], pp geweedt, to graze, browse. G 
 weiden. 
 
 Ao aa “], n, pasture-field. G Weide+ 
 
 eld. 
 
176 
 
 weeich[*~], because of, on account of, about. 
 Variant of weje. 
 
 pe n, wheat bread; 
 
 field; -gleie[*~~~], f, bran; -keern[*~™~], f, 
 grain of wheat; -laus|~~~], f, Hessian fly; 
 -mehl[*~], n, wheat flour; -schprau{~ mee 
 f, wheat chaff; -schtroh[*~"], n, wheat 
 straw. 
 
 weh["], sore, painful; — du’, to hurt; ebbes 
 -es, a sore; 0 —! alas! G weh. 
 
 wehe[*~], pp geweht, to wave, blow (of the 
 wind). G wehen. 
 
 wehre[~~], pp gewehrt, to keep off; sich —, 
 to defend oneself, resist, do one’s best. G 
 wehren. 
 
 wei*[], m, wine. G Wein. 
 
 weib["], n, pl weiwer, wife, woman (rare in 
 
 i in both meanings). G Weib. Cf fra. 
 
 wei* || berrick[~~~], m, VEN Ae -draub[~"], 
 f, wine grape; -fass[~~l, n, wine barrel; 
 -geischt[~~], m, alcohol; -garde[~~~], m, 
 
 vineyard; -glas(~J, n, wineglass; -schtee* 
 [~~], m, cream of tartar; -schtock[~~], m, 
 vine. 
 
 weibche[*~], n, female of birds. G Weibchen. 
 
 viremia womanly, effeminate. G weib- 
 ic 
 
 wei~ || blumm[~~], f, -bottel[*~~], f, -glessli 
 
 Pe ea, -glessliche[~~~ “J, 11, grape hya- 
 cinth. 
 
 weibsbild[*~], n, woman (a feminine term cor- 
 responding to mannskeerl, but not nearly as 
 common as weibsmensch). G Weibsbild. 
 
 weibshemm|*~], n, chemise. G Weiberhemd. 
 
 weibsleit[~“], pl of weibsmensch, women (as 
 distinguished in sex from mannsleit). dG 
 weibsleit. 
 
 weibsleitnerrisch[* ~~~], cracked over women. 
 dG weibsleit +G n§arrisch. 
 
 weibsmensch[~~], n, woman (the general 
 term for woman corresponding to the 
 masculine mannskerl). dG weibsmensch. 
 
 weiche[~~], pp gewiche, to retreat, yield. G 
 weichen. 
 
 weide[~~], m, f, willow. G Weide. 
 
 weide || bam[*~~], m, willow tree; -karb[~~~], 
 m, wicker basket. 
 
 wei*glessli[~~~], wei~glessliche[*~~~], n, hya- 
 cinth. 
 
 weihe[*~], pp geweiht, to bless. 
 
 weiher|~~], m, fish-dam, weir. 
 
 G weihen. 
 G Weiher. 
 
 Weihnachte[*~~], pl, Christmas. G Weih- 
 nachten. 
 
 weihwasser[~~~], n, holy water. G Weihwas- 
 ser. 
 
 weihwasserkessel{[*~~~~], m, holy water font. 
 G Weihwasserkessel. 
 
 weil[™], because; while. G weil. 
 
 weil|"], f, while. G Weile. 
 
 weile[~~], pp geweilt, to tarry. G weilen. 
 
 The Pennsyloania-German Society 
 
 weine[~~], pp geweint, to weep, whine. G 
 weinen. 
 
 weis["], f, tune, melody, manner. G Weise. 
 weise|~ ) pp gewisse, to show, point out, 
 direct. G weisen. 
 
 Nitin iat weisheit[*"], f, wisdom. G Weis- 
 
 eit. 
 
 weismache[~~~], pp weisgemacht, to make 
 (some one) believe something, misrepresent, _ 
 fib. G weismachen. 
 
 weiss["], HG form for waess (3d sing pres of 
 wisse) which survives in such expressions as 
 — der friede, — der himmel, surely, sure as 
 you're alive. 
 
 weiss["], white; -er glee, white clover; es — 
 vum oi, the white of an egg, albumen; es — 
 vum ak, the white of the eye. G weiss. 
 
 weissaje[~ ~~], to prophesy. G weissagen. 
 
 weissajung[~~~],f, prophecy. G Weissagung. 
 
 weiss i babble[~~~], f, white poplar; -brot 
 
 *"], n, wheat bread; -darn[~~], m, haw- 
 
 thorn; -eeche[*~~], m, f, white oak; 
 -esche[*~~], f, white ash; -gliedich{* ~~], 
 incandescent; -graut[~~], n, boiled cabbage; 
 -gro[~"], hoar; -keppich[~~~], white-headed; 
 -kopp[~~], m, white-haired adult or tow- 
 headed child, male bumblebee (so called 
 because its face is white); -maulbeer[~*~ 7], 
 f, white mulberry; -mehl[*"], n, wheat 
 flour; -pensil[~~~], m, whitewash brush; 
 -walnuss[~~~], m, butternut; -zedre[~ ~~], 
 m, white cedar. 
 
 weisse, weissle[~~], pp geweisst, to white- 
 wash. G weissen. 
 
 weisslich[*~], whitish. G weisslich. 
 
 weit["], far, wide, long; uff — un breet, far 
 and near; zr is noch — zerick, he is very 
 ignorant; bei -em, by far; vun -em, from 
 afar. G weit. 
 
 weiter[~~], farther, wider. G weiter. 
 
 weiters|~~], farther, specially; nix —, nothing 
 
 special. G weiter +s. 
 weit || hzr[*"], from afar; -hi*[*"], in the 
 distance; -leftich[~~~], distant, elaborate, 
 
 sporadic; -rum[*~], far and wide. 
 weiting[~~], f, width. G Weitung. 
 weitscht["], farthest, widest. G weitest. 
 tiple ie n, little woman, wifey. Dim of 
 eib. 
 weiwer|~~], pl of fra and weib, women, wives. 
 
 Weiber. y 
 weiwerfeind[*~~], m, misogynist. G Weiber- 
 G weibisch. 
 
 feind. 
 weiwisch[~~], effeminate. 
 
 weje[~~], about, on account of, because of. 
 G wegen. 
 
 wejem['"] = =Wweje em. 
 
 wejeme[~~~] = weje me. 
 wejerich[~~~], m, marrow-leaved plantain. 
 G Wegerich. 
 
 wejjelche, wejjeli[*~~], wejjel[*~], n, buggy. 
 First two double dims, last a dim, o 
 Wagen. 
 
 Lb eu “] =weje re. 
 
 wek[], m, way, road, direction; — mache, 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 to repair roads; er is arjets um der —, 
 he is somewhere about; im — schteh’, to 
 be a hindrance; seines -s geh”, to go about 
 one’s business. G Weg. 
 
 wek || dredder[~~~], m, knotgrass; breeder 
 
 —, common plantain; -dreder[~~~], m, 
 
 knot-grass; -macher[*~~], m, road repairer; 
 smeeschder|[~~~], m, supervisor (of roads); 
 -schdeier[~~~], m; zr hott der — nimmi, he 
 is so weak that he is not able to walk. 
 dG wegschdeier; -schisser[~~~], m, sty 
 (on the eyelid), dG wegschisser; -weiser 
 [~~~], m, sign-board, guide-post. 
 
 welbe[*~], pp gewelbt, to arch. G wilben. 
 
 Ao anette wolfelscht[*~], cheapest. G wohl- 
 eilst. 
 
 welfler, wolfler[*~], cheaper. G wohlfeiler. 
 
 welfling[*~], f, cheapness: der — no kafe. 
 G Wohlfeile. 
 
 welk[*], withered. G welk. 
 
 welkche[*~], n, small cloud. G W6lkchen. 
 
 welke[*~], pp gewelkt, to wither, wilt. G 
 welken. 
 
 well[-], f, wave. G Welle. 
 
 wellbam[*~], m, axle (of a wheel), wooden 
 shaft of a mill-wheel. G Wellbaum. 
 
 welle[*~] =wolle (1). 
 
 weller, welli[*~], well["], which. dG weller, 
 G welch. 
 
 welleschlack[*~~], m, breaker. 
 schlag. 
 
 welsch[~], indistinctly: wr schwetzt so —. 
 G welsch. 
 
 welsche[’~], pp gewelscht, to jabber. G 
 welschen. 
 
 Welsche[*~], di, the Welsh. G Welschen. 
 
 welsch || hahne[*~~], m, turkey gobbler; -hin- 
 kel[*~~], n, turkey; -karn[*~], n, Indian 
 corn. 
 
 welschkarn || ausmacher[*~"~~], m, corn 
 sheller; -feld[*~~], n, corn-field; -geik[*~"], 
 f, cornstalk fiddle; -gripp[*~~], f, corncrib; 
 -grutze[’ ~~~], m, corncob; -heisel[*~~~], n 
 corncrib; -hoor[*~"], f, silk of corn; -kolwe 
 oem earrol, corm; -kuche|’ ~~~], m, 
 corn fritter, Johnny cake; -lab[*’ 7], n 
 corn fodder; -mehl[*~"], n, corn meal; 
 -schack[*~~], m, shock of corn; -schaeler 
 [*~-~], m, corn sheller; -schtengel[*~~~], m, 
 cornstalk; -schtick[’ ~~], n, patch of corn. 
 
 welse[*~], pp gewelst, to roll, wallow. G 
 walzen. 
 
 welt[-], f, world; was in der gottes —, what 
 in all the world; uff di — kumme, to be 
 born. G Welt. 
 
 welt || brieschder[*~"], m, secular priest; 
 -deel[’"], n, section, part of the world; 
 zkreis[*"], m, world; -lerning[’~~], f, 
 wisdom; -lieb[*"], f, worldliness; zluscht 
 [*~], £, mundane pleasure; -mensch[*~], m, 
 worldling; -sinn[*~], m, worldliness. 
 
 Welti[*~], m, Walter. dG Walti. 
 
 weltlich[*~], worldly, secular, temporal. G 
 weltlich. 
 
 14 
 
 G Wellen- 
 
 177 
 
 «ee aragebaadah) fag worldliness. G Weltlich- 
 
 eit 
 
 wem|~], to whom? G wem. 
 
 wen[”], whom? (usually the nom form takes 
 its place). G wen. 
 
 wenn || brett[*~], n, mouldboard; -eise[*~~], 
 n, mouldboard, wrench; -ring[*~], m, cant- 
 hook; -seit[’"], f, mouldboard side of a 
 plow. 
 
 wenne, wende[* “1, pp gewennt, to turn, ted. 
 G wenden, dG wenne. 
 
 wenner[’~], m, tedder. Noun from wenne. 
 
 wennich[’ ~], little, few. G wenig. 
 
 wennicher[’~~], less, fewer. G weniger. 
 
 wennichscht[*~], least, fewest. G wenigst. 
 
 wennichschdens[’ ~~], wenichschdens|*~~], .at 
 least. G wenigstens. 
 
 wesch[*], f, wash. G Wasche. 
 
 wesch || blo[’"], f, blueing; zblock[*~], mm, 
 washing-stool; -bock[*~], m, washing-stool; 
 -bool[’ |, £, wash-basin; -dak[’~], m, wash- 
 day; -fra[*"], f, washerwoman; -haus|’’], 
 n, laundry, washhouse; -karb[’ “|, -:karreb 
 [ee m, clothes basket; -kessel[*~~], m, 
 washboiler; -kich[’~], f, washhouse; zlein 
 [°"], f, washline; -lumpe[*’~], m, washrag; 
 emaschien[*~~], f, washing machine; -(pud- 
 del)nass[~’~~], soaking wet; -schdeiber 
 [*-~], m, clothes prop; -schissel[*~~], f 
 wash-basin; -schpell[’ “],f,clothes pin; -was- 
 ser[’~~], n, water in which clothes have been 
 washed; -wringer[’~~], m, clothes wringer; 
 -zuwwerl” ~ “], m, washtub. 
 
 ibaa “], pp gewesche, to wash. G wasch- 
 
 wesc Hered: ~*], f, (confounded) washing. G 
 Wascherei. 
 
 wesches|*~], n, washing. Cf backes. 
 
 wesching|’ ~], . washing. G Wasch +ing. 
 
 weschp[], f, wasp. G eee 
 
 weschpe | gerranne[*~~~~], f, geranium with 
 scented leaves; -nescht[*~ “1; n, wasp-nest. 
 
 weschrn[~], f, washerwoman. G Wascherin. 
 
 wescht["], f, vest. dG weschte, G Weste. 
 
 wescht[“], west. G West. 
 
 a aeaiiaaae “], westward, western. 
 lic 
 
 wese(s)[~~], n, being, fuss, row; net viel — 
 mache, to be curt, settle a matter offhand; 
 used in composition to indicate the whole 
 mass, aggregation, array or affair: blumme- 
 wese, kinnerwese, geldwese. G Wesen. 
 
 G west- 
 
 wessre[*~], pp gewessert, to water: es maul 
 wessert mir. G wassern. 
 
 wessrich[’~], watery. G wasserig. 
 
 wett["], f, bet. G Wette. 
 
 wett[“] =wott, would. 
 
 wette[*~], pp gewett, to bet. G wetten. 
 
 wetter[*~], n, weather, storm, thunderstorm; 
 beim —! by thunder! um gut — bitte, to 
 beg for mercy; er draut dem — net recht, 
 he is cautious, he is suspicious; es gebt gut 
 —, is said when everything in the dishes on 
 
 the table at a meal is eaten. G Wetter. 
 wetter || brophet[*’~~], m, weather prophet; 
 
178 
 
 -glas[*~"], n, barometer; -hahne[*~~~], m, 
 weathervane; -hex[*~~], f, witch; -mann 
 [*~~], m, weather man; -rut[*~"], f, light- 
 ning rod. 
 
 wettere[*~~], pp gewettert, to weather, 
 thunder and lighten. G wettern. 
 
 wetterleech[*~"], m, lightning. dG wetter- 
 leucht. 
 
 wetterleeche[*~~~], pp gewetterleecht, to 
 lighten. dG wetterleuchten. 
 
 wetters|*~], gar, fearfully. Adv from wetter. 
 
 wetting|*~], {, bet. G Wette, dG wetting. 
 
 weit || schtahl[*~], m, butcher’s steel; -schtee~ 
 [‘"], m, whetstone. G Wetzstahl, Wetz- 
 stein. 
 
 wetz[], m, whetting: der — is gut. Noun 
 from wetze. 
 wetze[’~], pp gewetzt, to whet. G wetzen. 
 
 wetzkump|*~], m, whet-horn (filled with water 
 or diluted vinegar). G Wetz+dG gump. 
 
 wewe|~~], pp gewewe, to weave, wave, wig- 
 wag. G weben. 
 
 wewer|~~], m, weaver. G Weber. 
 
 wewerzettel[~~~~], m, warp. G Weberzettel. 
 
 wewwere|*~~], pp gewewwert, to swarm, 
 bustle. G webern. 
 
 wewwi|’~], sore, hurt (in speaking to children). 
 G weh weh. 
 
 wibberwill[’~*], m, whippoorwill. Onomat. 
 
 wibberwillblumm|[’~*’~], f, painted-cup. 
 
 wibberwillschtock[~~*~], m, pinxter-flower. 
 
 wibble[’~], pp gewibbelt, to shake, wabble. 
 G wibbeln. 
 
 wichdich[*~], important. G wichtig. 
 
 wichs[~], m, sophisticated fellow. G Wichs. 
 
 wichs|~|, f, paste, mess, beating, flogging. G 
 Wichse. 
 
 wichse[*~], pp gewichst, to polish, beat. G 
 wichsen. 
 
 wickel[*~], m, roll, flax wound round the 
 distaff, lap of the winding frame, half fool; 
 am -—— nemme, to take by the hair. G 
 Wickel. 
 
 wickelschtock[*~~], m, horizontal flax reel. 
 G Wickel +Stock. 
 
 wickle[*~], pp gewickelt, to wind, roll, warp. 
 G wickeln. 
 
 widd[*], f, withe. dG widd. 
 
 widde[*~] =willst du, do you want to. 
 
 widder[*~], again; against (rare in latter 
 meaning). G wieder, wider. 
 
 widder-|*~], separable and inseparable prefix 
 of verbs and prefix of derived words. 
 wieder-, wider-. 
 
 Widder, Wedder[*~], m, Aries (sign of the 
 zodiac). G Widder. 
 
 widderberschdich[*~~~], stubborn, contrary. 
 G widerborstig. 
 
 widdere|*~~], pp gewiddert, to feel disgust, go 
 against the grain: es hott ihn gewiddert; 
 refuse, resist. G widern. 
 
 widdergebort|*~~~], f, regeneration. G 
 Wiedergeburt. 
 
 widderherschtelle[-~*~~], 
 
 pp widderhzr- 
 gschtellt, to restore. 
 
 G wiederherstellen. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 widderhole[~~~~], pp widderholt, to repeat. 
 G wiederholen. 
 
 widderholung[~~*~], f, repetition. G Wieder- 
 holung. 
 
 widderkaue[*~~~], pp widdergekaut, to chew 
 the cud. G wiederkauen. 
 
 widderkumm|*~™~], m, loose-strife. G Wieder- 
 komm. 
 
 widderlich, wedderlich[*~~], nauseating, dis- 
 gusting. G widerlich, dG wedderlich. 
 
 widderrufe[-~~~], pp widderrufe, to revoke. 
 G widerrufen. 
 
 widderschpreche[~~*~], pp widderschproche, 
 to contradict. G widersprechen. 
 
 widderschpruch[*~~],_ m, contradiction. G 
 Widerspruch. 
 
 widderschtand[*~~], m, resistance. G Wider- 
 stand. 
 
 widderschteh*[“~*], pp widderschtanne, to 
 resist, pall, nauseate. G_widerstehen. 
 Cf wedderschteh”. 
 
 widder(ver)kau[*~~"], m, chewing the cud. 
 G Wiederkauen. 
 
 widderwerdichkeet|*~~~], f, unpleasantness, 
 contrariness. G Widerwartigkeit. 
 
 wie["], how, as, as soon as; than; — naecher 
 — besser, the nearer the better. G wie. 
 
 wieche[~~], m, wick. G Wieche. 
 
 wiechegarn[*~~], n, wick-cord. G Wieche + 
 Garn. 
 
 wiederkau[~~~], sweet-scented fern. G Wie- 
 derkauen. 
 
 wiedich[*~], mad, raving. dG wiedig, G 
 
 wiutig. 
 wiehle[~~], pp gewiehlt, to root (of hogs), 
 rummage. G wiihlen. 
 
 wieje[~~], pp gewoje, to weigh. G wiegen. 
 
 wiejelied[~~"], n, lullaby. G Wiegenlied. 
 
 wiek["], f, cradle. G Wiege. 
 
 wielenger-wieliewer["*~~~~], ground pine. 
 
 wieliewer-wielenger[“~~ ~*~], ground pine. 
 
 wieschderlich[~~~], bad, very disagreeable, 
 very bad-tempered. dG wiesterlich. 
 
 wieschderlichkeet[~~~~], f, disagreeableness. 
 Noun from wieschderlich. 
 
 wiescht["], ugly, bad, disagreeable, unruly; 
 er hott — gemacht, he raised Cain; sich — 
 mache, to soil the diaper (of infants). G 
 wist. 
 
 wieschtgaschdich["*~], very disagreeable, very 
 nasty. G wiist +garstig. 
 
 wiete!~~], pp gewiet, to rave. G wiiten. 
 
 wiffel[*~], wieviel[~~], how many, how much. 
 G wieviel. 
 
 wiffelt[*~], wievielt[~~], what number, which; 
 der — hen mer heit, what day of the month 
 is today. G wievielt. 
 
 wilbret[*~], n, venison. G Wildbret. 
 
 wild[”], wild, unruly, savage; -er baisem, oor 
 mint; -er wermut, wormwood; -i gehlrieb, 
 wild carrot. G wild. 
 
 wildernis[*~™], f, wilderness. G Wildnis. 
 
 wild |! feier[*~~], n, erysipelas; -fleesch[*’], 
 n, proud flesh; -kersch[*™], f, wild cherry; 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 zkatz[*~], f, 
 G Wild- 
 
 Juneberry; choke cherry; 
 wildcat. 
 
 ireccnigaa “|, {, wildness, unruliness. 
 
 eit. 
 
 gen wants to (3d sing pres of wolle). G 
 will. 
 
 wille[*~], m, will; sei7 — mache, to make one’s 
 will. G Wille. 
 
 wille[*~], um (ihr), for (her) sake. Gum willen. 
 
 wille[*~], woolen. MHG wiillin. 
 
 willens|*~], willing. G willens. 
 
 willich|*~], willing. G willig. 
 
 willkumm|[*~], m, welcome. G Willkommen. 
 
 willkumm|[*~], welcome. G willkommen. 
 
 wimmele|*~~], pp gewimmelt, to moan, cry 
 feebly (of a sick child). G wimmern. 
 
 wimmle[*~], pp gewimmelt, to swarm, be alive 
 with. G wimmeln. 
 
 wind[~], m, wind, twaddle; — grieje vun 
 ebbes, to be secretly informed of. G Wind. 
 
 wind || beidel[*~~], m, blusterer, undepend- 
 able person; -blumm[*~], f, anemone; 
 -gebroche[*~~~], having the heaves, heavy; 
 zhund[*~], m, any long slender dog, also 
 applied to other animals and even to 
 persons; -(W-)kaft[*~], f, Windgap; -kol- 
 lick[*~~], m, wind colic; -miehl[*"], f, wind- 
 mill, winnowing mill; -rad[*"], n, wind- 
 wheel; -roi{’"], f, windrow; -ros[*"], f, 
 anemone; -schtill[*~], calm; -zschtooss[’"], 
 m, gust (of wind); -suckler[’~~], m, crib- 
 bing horse; -werwell[’~~], m, whirlwind; 
 -wolk[*~], f, cloud presaging windy weather. 
 
 windel, winnel[’~], f, diaper. G Windel. 
 
 windelschpell[*~~], f, safety pin. G Windel + 
 
 G spell. 
 
 windich[*~], windy. G windig. 
 
 wink[*], m, wink, sign. G Wink. 
 
 winke[*~], pp gewunke, to beckon, wink. G 
 winken. 
 
 winkel|*~], m, square, angle, corner, gusset. 
 G Winkel. 
 
 winkel || bohre[*~~~], m, brace; -eise[*~~~], 
 n, iron square. 
 
 winn[~], f, screw, pulley, windlass. G Winde. 
 
 winne|[*™], f, black bindweed; field bindweed; 
 hedge bindweed. G Winde. 
 
 winnisch[*~], out of shape, crooked, warped. 
 G windisch. 
 
 winsche[*~], 
 wiinschen. 
 
 winscher[*~], m, member of a New Year’s 
 greeting party. G Wiinscher. 
 
 winsches|*~], n, wish (RB). G wiinschen. 
 
 winsching[’~], , New Year’s greeting. Noun 
 from winsche. 
 
 winsle[*~], pp gewinselt, to whine. G winseln. 
 
 winter|*~], m, winter. G Winter. 
 
 winter || appel[*~~~], m, winter apple; -beer 
 [°~-], f, winter pear; -dak[*~"], m, winter 
 day; -frucht[*~~], f, grain sown in fall and 
 the resulting growth; -gleeder[*~~~], pl, 
 winter clothes; -graut[*~”], n, cabbage for 
 winter use; -grie*[*~"], partridge berry; 
 wintergreen; -hols[*~~], n, fire-wood for the 
 
 pp gewinscht, to wish. G 
 
 179 
 
 winter; -marje[*~~~], m, winter-morning; 
 zmonet[*~~~], m, winter month; -obscht 
 [*~"], n, winter fruit; -reddich[*~~~], m, 
 winter radish; -seit[*~"], f, north side; 
 -soot[*~], f, fall sowing; -weeze[*~~~], m, 
 winter wheat; -wetter[*~~~], n, winter 
 weather. 
 
 wintere[’~~], pp gewintert, to winter. G 
 wintern. 
 
 winterisch[*~~], wintrich[*~], 
 winterisch, winterig. 
 
 winters[*~], in the winter. G winters. 
 
 wisch[~], m, wisp, wiper. G Wisch. 
 
 wischbel[*~], m, small bunch or wisp (of hay). 
 Probably a dim of wisch =wischel. 
 
 wischbel[*~] =mischpel, persimmon. Cf 
 mischpel. 
 
 wischble[*~], pp gewischbelt, to move back 
 and forth, rustle. G wispeln. 
 
 wische[*~], pp gewischt, to wipe. G wischen. 
 
 wischel, wischli[*~], n, lock, tuft, wisp. G 
 Wischel. 
 
 wischer[*~], m, wiper, mat. G Wischer. 
 
 wischwasch[*™], claptrap, bosh. G Wischi- 
 waschi. 
 
 wiss[~], wies[], f, meadow. dG wiss, G 
 Wiese. 
 
 wissbam|[*"], m, boom-pole (used in keeping 
 a load of hay compact). G Wiesbaum = 
 Heubaum, dG wisbom. 
 
 wisse[*~], pp gewisst, to know; mer kennt 
 net —, there’s no telling; weiss der himmel, 
 sure as I’m alive (note the use of weiss in 
 this case for the ordinary waess). G 
 wissen. Cf weiss. 
 
 wissel[*~], m, weasel. G Wiesel. 
 
 wisselche[*~~], n, weasel. G Wieselchen. 
 
 wisselhaut[*~"], f, weasel-skin. G Wiesel- 
 
 dG wiss 
 
 wintery. G 
 
 haut. 
 
 wissemaus|[*~], f, meadow mouse. 
 + G Maus. 
 
 wissenschaft[*~™~], f, science, knowledge. G 
 Wissenschaft. 
 
 wissentlich[*~~], knowingly. G wissentlich. 
 
 witfra[*"], f, widow. G Witfrau. 
 
 witmann[’~], m, widower. G Witmann. 
 
 witt[“], 2d sing pres of wolle =G willst. 
 
 wittere[*~~], pp gewittert, to smell, scent (of 
 horses). G wittern. 
 
 wittrung, wittring[*~], f, weather. G Witter- 
 ung. 
 
 witz["], m, wit, witticism. G Witz. 
 
 witzbold[*~], m, funny fellow, jokesmith. G 
 Witzbold. 
 
 witzel[*~], n, little pig. Dim of dG wutz. 
 
 witzich[*~], witty, over-smart. G witzig. 
 
 wiwwell’~], f, weevil. G Wiebel. 
 
 wiwwelsucht[*~~], f, nettle-rash. G Wiebel+ 
 Sucht, 
 
 wiwwle[*~], pp gewiwwelt, to swarm. G 
 wiebeln. 
 
 woch[~], f, week; en wochner sechs, six weeks 
 or so. Woche. 
 
 wochelang|*~~], for weeks. G wochenlang. 
 
 wohl["], well, healthy. G wohl. 
 
180 
 wohlan[~*], well! ’tis well! G wohlan. 
 wohl || bekannt[*~~], noted; -dat[~"], f, bene- 
 
 faction; -fahrt[~"], f, welfare; -gemut 
 [~~"], m, wild marjoram; -geruch[ 
 perfume; -gfalle[“~~], m, favor; -habend 
 [*-~], rich; -uff["*], merry, cheerful. G 
 wohlauf. 
 
 wohn || blatz[~“], m, residence, abode; -haus 
 [*"], n, dwelling. 
 
 wohne, wuhne[~~], pp gewohnt, to live, dwell, 
 reside. G wohnen. 
 
 wohnhaft, wuhnhaft[*~], resident, domiciled. 
 G wohnhaft. 
 
 wohning, wohnung|*~], f, dwelling, place of 
 dwelling. G Wohnung. 
 
 woi[7], m, hawk. G Weihe. 
 
 woje|~~], pp gewokt, to dare, venture, risk. 
 G wagen. Cf waje. 
 
 wojenajjel[~~~~], m, pin or bolt of a double- 
 tree (usually with head shaped like a 
 hammer). G Wage +Nagel. 
 
 wok[], f, balance, whiffle-tree, (W-) Libra 
 (sign of the zodiac). G Wage. 
 
 wolf[-], m, wolf. G Wolf. 
 
 wolfel[*~], cheap. G wohlfeil. 
 
 wolf || haut[*"], f, wolf-robe; 
 [*~~], brindled. 
 
 wolfich[*~], wolfish, avaricious, greedy, vora- 
 
 cious. G wilfisch. 
 wolfsbuhn[*~], f, lupine. G Wolfsbohne. 
 G Wolken- 
 
 -schtraehmich 
 
 wolk["], f, cloud. G Wolke. 
 
 wolkebruch[*~~], m, cloudburst. 
 bruch. 
 
 wolkich[*~], cloudy. G wolkig. 
 
 wolkschtraehmich, wollschtraehmich[*~~], 
 brindled. G wolk+strahmig. 
 
 woll[“l, f, wool. G Wolle. 
 
 woll, wull[-], well; of course, I suppose, it is 
 true. G wohl. 
 
 wolle, welle[*~], pp gewollt, to want to, in- 
 tend, wish, will; net —, not thrive; di 
 zeiding will schnee hawwe, the weather 
 report in the newspaper predicts snow. G 
 wollen. 
 
 wolle, wollich[*~], woolen. G wollen. 
 
 wolle || blatt{*~~], n, mullein leaf; -flies[*~"], 
 m, woolen fleece; -graut[*~"], n, mullein; 
 -schtengel[’~~~], m, mullein. 
 
 woll || fell[*~], n, sheep’s skin; -garn[*], n 
 
 worsted; -rad[*"], n, spinning-wheel (for 
 wool). 
 
 wollgemut[*~"], m, mountain sage, wild 
 marjoram. G Wohlgemut. Cf wohlge- 
 
 mut. 
 
 wollich|[*~], woolly. G wollig. 
 
 wonne[*~], f, joy, delight. G Wonne. 
 
 wott[“], would, wish. G wollte. 
 
 wu, wol], where; (rel pr) who, which; die 
 wu, those who; der mann wu nix secht, 
 the man who says nothing. G wo. 
 
 wuanne[~*~], where to, to what place. dG 
 wu +anne. 
 
 wudarrich, wodarrich["*~], whereby. G wo- 
 durch. 
 
 wuher, woher[™*], where from, whence. G 
 woher. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 wuhi*["*], where to. G wohin. 
 
 wullil[’“], call for geese. dG wulle. 
 
 wund["], f, wound. G Wunde. 
 
 wund|"], sore, chafed. G wund. 
 
 wund || blaschder[*~~], n, salve; -dokter[*~~], 
 
 m, surgeon; -graut[*™], n, goldenrod; -narb 
 [“], f, scar; -schmerze[*~™~], pl, pain in an 
 old wound. 
 sibrmalL pp gewundt, to wound. G wun- 
 en. 
 wunner[*~], f, n, wonder, miracle, prodigy. 
 G Wunder 
 
 wunnerbar[~~*], wonderful. G wunderbar. 
 
 wunnere[*~~], pp gewunnert, to wonder; es 
 wunnert mich, I wonder. G wundern. 
 
 wunnerfitz[*~~], m, curiosity, inquisitive per- 
 
 son. dG wunderfitz. 
 
 wunnerfitzich[*~~~], inquisitive. dG wunder- 
 fitzig. 
 
 wunnerlich[*~~], | wonderful, inquisitive, 
 
 basilica melancholy, demented. G wunder- 
 
 ich. 
 
 wunnernas[*~~], f, inquisitive person; -e (un 
 schneckeschwens), answer to an inquisitive 
 person. dG wundernase. 
 
 wunners[*~], wonderfully, great shakes; sie 
 meene — was sie gedu” hette, they are 
 wonderfully proud of what they did; er 
 kann vun — net sje, speech fails him. G 
 wunders. 
 
 wunner || schee*[*~"], very beautiful; -selde 
 [-~**], rarely; -schtols[*~~], very proud. 
 
 wunnerswert|*~"], admirable, worthwhile. 
 G wundernswiirdig = bewundernswiirdig. 
 
 wunnervoll[*~~], wonderful. Formed after E 
 wonderful. 
 
 wunsch[~], m, wish. G Wunsch. 
 
 wuppsch![*], in a jiffy, whiz! G wupps. 
 
 wunsich, wunslich[*~], small, wee; — glee™, 
 very small. dG wunzig. 
 
 wurum|"*], whereabout. G wo-+herum. 
 
 wusch[], m, clump or bunch (of hair). G 
 Wusch(elkopf). 
 
 wusslich[*~], lively, sprightly. dG wusslich. 
 
 wut["], f, rage, fury. G Wut. 
 
 wutgraut|~ “|, n, madweed, mad-dog skullcap. 
 Tr of E madweed. 
 
 wutschtee“[~"], m, mad-stone. G Wut+ 
 Stein. 
 
 wutz["], f, pig; —!—!, call for pigs. dG 
 wutz. 
 
 wutzli, wutzi[*~], wutzelche[*~~], wutzlein 
 
 [° my n, little pig, piggy. Dims of wutz. 
 wutzsaul* “|, f, pig. dG wutz-+sau. 
 
 xX 
 
 Xander[*~], m, Alexander. 
 
 Z 
 
 Z(zet), Z; vunA bis Z, from AtoZ. GZ. 
 
 zacke]*~], m, prong, branch, fruit-spur, pro- 
 jection, tooth, scallop-edge. G Zacke. 
 
 zackere[*~~], pp gezackert, to plow, jog along: 
 do kummter gezackert. dG zackere. 
 
 G (Ale)xander. 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 181 
 
 zackich, zacklich[*~], jagged, toothed, pointed. 
 G zackig. 
 
 zaeh["], tough, viscous. G zah. 
 
 zaeh™ || berscht[~~], f, toothbrush; -butzer 
 [~~~], m, toothpick; -dokter[~~~], m, dentist; 
 
 zaeh“che[~~], n, toothie. G Zahnchen. 
 
 zaehichkeet{[~~~], f, toughness. G Zahigkeit. 
 
 zaehlbar[~"], numerable. G zahlbar. 
 
 zaehle[~~], pp gezaehlt, to count, calculate, 
 depend (upon). G zahlen. 
 
 zaehler|~~], m, teller. G Zahler. 
 
 zaehlung[~~], f, numeration. G Zahlung. 
 
 zerkel[*~], m, circle, dividers. G Zirkel. 
 
 zerkelsaek[’~"], f, circular saw. G Zirkel- 
 sage. 
 
 zerkle[*~], pp gezerkelt, to circle. G zirkeln. 
 
 zetrel’~], pp gezerrt, to tease, tug. G 
 zerren. 
 
 zerrife[* ~~], zerfe[*~], pp gezzrrift, to quarrel, 
 wrangle. dG zerrche. 
 
 zah~, zoh*[], m, tooth; di zaeh” blicke 
 (blecke), to show the teeth. G Zahn. 
 
 zah~ || zoh~ || fleesch[~"], n, gum(s); 
 -gschwere[~~~], m, ulcer on a_ tooth; 
 -lad[~"], f, tooth-socket, jawbone; -reb[~"], 
 f, climbing false buckwheat; Virginia 
 creeper; -rieb[~~], f, man-of-the-earth; 
 Virginia creeper; -weh[~~], n, toothache. 
 
 zahl["], f, number. G Zahl. 
 
 zahllos[~], without number. G zahllos. 
 
 zahl || reich[~~], numerous; -wart[*~], n, nu- 
 meral. 
 
 zahm["], tame; -i gehlrieb, garden carrot. G 
 zahm. 
 
 zahme[~~], pp gezahmt, totame. G zihmen. 
 
 zahne, zohne[~~], pp gezahnt, to teeth. G 
 zahnen. 
 
 zaje[~~], pp gezakt, to hesitate. G zagen. 
 
 zam{["], m, bridle. G Zaum. 
 
 zamme|*~], together. G zusammen, dG 
 zemen. 
 
 zamme-[*~], separable prefix of verbs. G 
 zusammen-. 
 
 zamme || backe[*~~~], to stick together in 
 baking; -berschde[*~~~], to brush up; 
 zballe[*~~~], to form in a ball; -bappe[*~~~], 
 to stick together; -barzle[*~~~], to tumble 
 down; -basse[’~~~], to fit together, be 
 suited (to each other); -belse[*~~~], to 
 slam together; -bicke[*~~~], sich, to bend 
 over; -bieje[*~ ~~], to bend together; -binne 
 [~~~], to tie together; -blanse[*~~~], to 
 plant together; -blatsche[*~~~], to pack 
 the ground (as by a heavy rain); -blaudre 
 [*~-~], to talk together; -bleiwe[*~~~], to 
 remain together; -bluje[*~~~], to plow in 
 partnership; -breche[*~~~], to break down; 
 zbrenne[*~~~], to burn down; -bringe[*~~~], 
 to bring together, churn; -derfe[*~~™~], to 
 be allowed to meet; -derre[*~~~], to dry 
 up; -dappe[*~~~], to meet by chance; 
 
 -draje[*~~~], to carry together, collect; 
 -drehe[*~~~], to twist (together); -drenge 
 [*~~~], to force together; -dricke[*~~~], to 
 compress; -drickle[*~~~], to dry up; 
 -dripple[*~~~], to tramp down; -du*[*~"], 
 to put together; -fahre[*~~~], to haul 
 together, start (from fright), shrink; -falle 
 [*~~~], to fall down, collapse; -fasse[*~~~], 
 to grasp, gather up; -flieje[*~~~], to fly 
 together, go to smash; -gerwe[*~~~], to 
 drive together by beating; -geh*[*~ 7], to 
 congregate, shrink, come (of butter); 
 -gfriere[*~~~], to freeze together; -gloppe 
 [*~~~], to hammer together; -gnicke[*~~™], 
 to collapse; -gnippe[*~~~], to knot together; 
 -gnootsche[*~~~], to mess by handling; 
 -grache|*~~~], to crash down; -gratze[*~~™~], 
 to scratch together, amass by hoarding; 
 zhacke[*~~~], to chop down; -herde[*~~~], 
 to herd together; -halte[*~~~], to hold to- 
 gether, keep together; -heele[*~~~], to 
 heal (together); -helfe[*~~~], to help to get 
 together; zhenke[*~~~], to hang together, 
 connect; zhewe[*~~~], to hold together; 
 zhocke[*~~~], to sit together; -hole[*~~~], 
 to assemble; -huddle[*~~~], to gather in a 
 hasty manner; -jaje[*~~~], to chase to- 
 gether; -kafe[*’~~], to buy up; -keere 
 [*~-~], to belong together; -kehre[*~~~], 
 to sweep up; -kenne[*~~~], to be able to 
 get together; -kette[*~~~], to chain to- 
 gether; -kumme[*~~~], to congregate, meet; 
 laf[*~"], m, social gathering; -lafe[*~~~], 
 to meet, come together (in a social gather- 
 ing); -lause[*~~~], to hoard; -leje[*~~™~], to 
 fold, contribute jointly; -leere[*~~~], to 
 pour from one vessel or container into 
 another; -lese[*~ ~~], to gather; -lewe[*~ ~~], 
 to live together; -locke[*~~~], to call to- 
 gether; -losse[*~~~], to permit to come 
 together; -mache[*~~™~], to gather, collect; 
 esmaehe[*~~~], to mow down; -méahle[*~~~], 
 to grind; -mische[*~~~], to mix; -naehe 
 [*~"~], to sew together; -najjele[*~~~~], to 
 nail together; -nemme[*~~~], to take to- 
 gether, gather up; -packe[*~~~], to pack; 
 zpalde[’~~~], to keep together; -quetsche 
 [‘~~~], to crush; -raffe[*~~~], to gather 
 hastily; -reche[*~~™], to rake up; -reeche 
 [*~-~], to reach together; -reide[*~~~], to 
 ride together; -reisse[*~~~], to tear down; 
 -reiwe[*~~~], to rub together; -renne[*~~~], 
 to collide; -ricke[*~~~], to move up to each 
 other; -rolle[*~~~], to roll up; -rufe[*~~~], 
 to call together, convene; -rumple[*~~~], 
 to put in disorder; <-s ef a y]yn to 
 gather; -scherre[*~~~], to scratch together, 
 accumulate; -schaffe[*’~~], to work to- 
 gether, gather; -schiesse[*~~~], to shoot 
 down; -schiewe[*~~~], to push together; 
 -schlajje[*~~~], to knock to pieces, knock 
 down, clash; -schleefe[*~~~], to bring 
 together by dragging; -schleiche[*~~™], 
 to sneak together, meet secretly; -schluppe 
 [°~~~], to creep together; -schmeisse[*’~~], 
 
182 
 
 to throw down, demolish; -schnerre[*~~~], 
 to shrivel up; «schnalle[*~~~], to strap or 
 buckle together; -schpzrre[*~~~], to pen 
 up together; -schpanne[*~~~], to harness 
 (horses) together, each of two men to 
 furnish a horse to be worked together as a 
 team; -schpare[*~~~], to hoard; -schpelle 
 [°~~~], to pin together; -schpringe[*~~~], 
 to run together; -schreiwe[*~*~], to corre- 
 spond; -schrumble[*~~~], to — shrivel; 
 -schterze[*~~~], to fall in, fall down; 
 -schtecke[*~~~], to stick together; -schtep- 
 pe[’~~~], to sew together; -schteh*[*~’], 
 to stand together; -schticke[*~~~], to stick 
 together; -schtoosse[*~ ~~], to join together, 
 collide, adjoin, churn; -schweesse[*~ ~~], 
 to weld; -schwemme[*~~~], to collect by 
 flooding; -schwetze[*~*~], to talk together; 
 <sei*[*~"], to be together; -setze[*~~™~], to 
 compose; -wachse[*~~~], to grow together; 
 -warzle[*~~~], to have roots intertwine; 
 -wickle[*~~~], to wrap together; -wohne 
 [*~"~], to live together; -wolle[*~~~], to 
 want to get together; -zaehle[*~ ~~], to add; 
 zieje[*~ ~~], to pull together, move into 
 the same house; -zwenge, -zwinge[*~~™], 
 to force together. 
 
 zammenanner[*~~™~], together. 
 +einander. 
 
 zammenanner || fahre[‘~~~~~], to drive to- 
 gether; -geh*[*~~~"], to go together, gather 
 in one place; -kumme[*~~~~~ ], to come 
 together by appointment, meet unexpected- 
 
 G zusammen 
 
 y- 
 
 zammenei*-[~~*], in together, separable prefix 
 of verbs, adding the idea of pellmell, 
 crowding, precipitately, abruptly, vora- 
 ciously: -dappe, -fahre, -fresse, -geh~, 
 srenne, -saufe, -schtolpere. 
 
 zammenunner-|~~*~], down together, separ- 
 able prefix of verbs, adding the idea of 
 pellmell, crowding, precipitately, abruptly, 
 voraciously: -breche, -fresse, -saufe, 
 -schiewe, -schlucke, -schterze. 
 
 zamt(e)[*~], with, together with; (mit) — 
 pack, bag and baggage, and all. G samt. 
 
 zamzijjel[~~~], m, reins. G Zaum +dZiigel. 
 
 zank[~], m, strife, contention, altercation. G 
 Zank. 
 
 zanke[*~], pp gezankt, to scold. G zanken. 
 
 zankerei[“~*], f, strife, contention. G Zank- 
 erei. 
 
 se aa a scolding, faultfinding. G zank- 
 isch. 
 
 zanking[*~], f, scolding. Noun formed after 
 the E. 
 
 zappe|*~], pp gezappt, totap. G zapfen. 
 
 zappe|*~], m, pin, peg, tenon, faucet, stopper. 
 
 Zapfen. 
 
 zappeeche[* ~~], f, swamp white oak. 
 
 zappeloch[*~~], n, mortise, peg-hole. 
 enloch. 
 
 zapper|*~], m, tapster. G Zapfer. 
 
 zapple[*~], pp gezappelt, to struggle, kick, 
 dangle. G zappeln. 
 
 G Zapf- 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 zarn{~], m, anger, passion, wrath. G Zorn. 
 
 zarnich[*™], angry, wroth, indignant, peevish. 
 G zornig. 
 
 zart[], tender. G zart. 
 
 za*schlipper, zo*schlipper[~~~], m, wren. G 
 Zaunschliipfer. 
 
 zau~["], m, paling fence (rare). G Zaun. 
 
 zauber[~~], m, spell. G Zauber. 
 
 zaudere[~~~], pp gezaudert, to hesitate, be 
 slow about. G zaudern. 
 
 zaunkeenich[~~~], m, wren. 
 Cf za°schlipper. 
 
 zawwle[*~], pp gezawwelt, to kick, struggle, 
 
 G Zaunk6nig. 
 
 wiggle. G zappeln. 
 zawwlich[*~], wiggling, restless. G zappelig. 
 ze[-]=zu: was gebt’s — esse; mer sin — 
 dritt; — middak (esse), — nacht esse. 
 
 zebbche[’~], n, uvula, little peg. G Zapfchen. 
 zech[~], f, score, reckoning, bill. G Zeche. 
 zeche|*~], pp gezecht, to drink, carouse. G 
 
 zechen. 
 zeck["], f, tick, scolding person. G Zecke. 
 zeder, zedre[~~], m, cedar. G Zeder. 
 
 zedre|~~], pp gezedert, to sing or trill (only 
 of the singing or trilling of hens). G zetern. 
 
 zedre || bam[*~~], m, cedar tree; -hols[*~~], 
 n, cedar wood; -kischt[*~~], f, cedar chest. 
 
 zeeche[~~], n, sign, omen, hand of a clock, 
 sign of the zodiac. G Zeichen. 
 
 zehe[~~], m, toe. G Zehe. 
 
 zehe[*~], ten. G zehn. 
 
 zehededeel[~~~"], n, tenth part, tithe. G 
 Zehnteil. 
 
 zehed(e)l[~~~], n, tenth. G Zehntel. 
 
 zeheder[~~~], en, ten-spot (in cards). G 
 Zehner. 
 
 zehe || jaehrich[~~~~], ten years old; 
 [~~ "l, ten times. 
 
 zehet[~~], tenth. G zehnt. 
 
 zehre[~~], pp gezehrt, to consume, spend. G 
 zehren. 
 
 speak ei n, spending money. G Zehr- 
 geld. 
 
 zehring[~~], f, spending money. G Zehrung. 
 
 zeichnis, zeiknis[~~], n, testimony, evidence; 
 — gewwe, to testify, attest. G Zeugnis. 
 
 zeidich|~~], ripe, seasonable. dG zeidig. 
 
 zeidiche[~~~], pp gezeidicht, to ripen, mature. 
 Verb from zeidich. 
 
 zeiding, zeiting[~~],f, newspaper. G Zeitung. 
 
 zeiding || draejer[~~~~], m, newsboy; 
 -schreiwer[~ ~~~], m, newspaper reporter. 
 
 zeije[~~], m, witness. G Zeuge. 
 
 zeije[~~], pp gezeikt, to generate. G zeugen. 
 
 zeijegeld[~~~], n, witness-fee. G Zeugen+ 
 Geld. 
 
 zeil{"], f, line (rare). G Zeile. 
 
 zeit["], f, time, menses; farn —, temporarily; 
 di — biete, to salute, pass the time of day; 
 seii — schteh”, to serve one’s apprentice- 
 ship; bei— kumme, tocomeearly. G Zeit. 
 
 zeit || geischt[~~], m, spirit of the times; 
 -her([~~], en, for some time now; -lang|[~~], 
 en, for a time; -punkt[*~], m, epoch; -ver- 
 dreib[~~~], m, pastime; -wart[~~], n, verb. 
 
 =-mol 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 zeiteweis[~~~], at times, for a time. G Zeit- 
 en + Weise. 
 
 zeitlich[~~], early, temporal, in time, punctual. 
 G zeitlich, 
 
 zeletscht[**], zuletscht["*], finally, at last, last. 
 G zuletzt. 
 
 zell[“], f, cell. G Zelle. 
 
 zellerich|* ~~] =selleri. 
 
 zelt[-], n, tent. G Zelt. 
 
 zelt || duch[*~], n, tent-cloth; 
 tent. 
 
 zenkrin, zankrin[*~], f, virago, termagant, 
 scold. G Zankerin. 
 
 zeppelche[*~~], n, uvula. Double dim of G 
 Zapfen. 
 
 zeppelche[*~~], n, helpless babe. 
 
 Zappler. 
 
 zerecht|~*], zurecht[“*], in good order, ready. 
 G zurecht. 
 
 zerecht || lejeJ’’~~], to lay out in order; 
 smache[~ *~~], to prepare, fix, trim; -schtelle 
 {-*~~], to set in order, correct some one. 
 
 zeremonie[~~~~], f, ceremony. G Zeremonie. 
 
 zerick[~*], back. G zuriick. 
 
 zerick-[~*], separable prefix of verbs. G 
 zurtick-. 
 
 zerick || beerschde[~*~™~], to brush back; -be- 
 zahle[-’~~~], to pay back, repay, get re- 
 venge; -bezahling|[’*~ ~~], f, revenge; -bieje 
 [-*-~], to bend back; -binne[’’~~], to tie 
 back (the off horse); -blaudre[~’~~], to 
 give back talk; -bleiwe[“’~~], to remain 
 behind, be deficient; -bringe[~*~~], to bring 
 back, return; -derfe[~*~~], to be allowed 
 to come back; -zdappe[~’~~], to trudge 
 back; -demme[~’~~], to dam up; -denke 
 [-*~~], to think back; -«draje[-*"~], to 
 carry back; -drehe[-’~~], to turn back; 
 -dreiwe[-*~~], to drive back, repulse; -du* 
 [-*"], to put or set back; -dummle]~’~~], 
 sich, to hurry back; -fahre[-*~~], to drive 
 back (in a vehicle); -falle[-*~~], to fall 
 back, fall behind, retreat; -fall[-*~], m, 
 relapse; -falte[-*~~], to fold back; -fiehre 
 [-*"~], to lead back; -flieje[-’~~], to fly 
 back; -foddre[~*~~], to demand _ back; 
 -gaffe[-*~~], to gape back; -geeschle[** ~~], 
 to drive back with a whip; -geh*[’*"], to go 
 back, recede, return, go to ruin; -gewwe 
 ~*~~l, to give back, repay, retaliate; 
 sgloppe[-*~~], to beat back; -gnarre[~’~™], 
 to give a surly answer; -gneppe[~*~~], to 
 button back; -gucke[~*~™~], to look back; 
 zhacke[~*~™~], to kick (of a horse), give a 
 sharp rejoinder; -halte[’*~™~], to hold back, 
 check, retain, reserve; -hawwe[-*~~], to 
 have back; -helfe[-’~~], to help in return; 
 zhenke[~*~~], to stay on behind, rein up; 
 zhewe[~*~~], to hold back; -hocke[~*~™], 
 to sit (in) back; -hole[~*~~], to fetch back; 
 ejaje[-’~~], to chase back; -k&fe[~*~~], to 
 buy back; -kenne[~*~~], to be able to get 
 back; -kumme[*’*~~], to come back, return, 
 fall behind (in obligations); -lache[~’~™], 
 to laugh back or in return; -lafe[~*~~], to 
 walk back; -lahne[~’~~], to lean back; 
 
 zhaus[*"], n, 
 
 Dim from 
 
 183 
 
 eleie[’’~~], to lie back; -leje[~*~~], to lay 
 back, lay by, save; sich —, to recline; 
 zlosse[~’~~], to leave behind, permit to go 
 back; -«mache[~’~~], to remove to the rear 
 (as straw in threshing); sich —, to hurry 
 back; -maule[-’~~], to talk back; -misse 
 ~*~~], to be obliged to return; snemme 
 [-*~~], to take back; -packe[~*~™], sich, to 
 be off and get back; -palde[’*~~], to keep 
 back; -reeche[~*~~], to reach back; -reide 
 [-*"~], to ride back; -reisse[-*~~], to jerk 
 back; -renne[~’~~], to thrust back, rush 
 back; -rolle[’’~™], to roll back; -rufe[“~~~], 
 to call back; -rudere[~*~~~], to row back; 
 -rutsche[“’~™~], to slide back; -saje[-*~~], 
 to retort; -scherre[~*~~], to scratch back; 
 -schaffe[-*~~], to convey back; =-schalle 
 [-*~~], to (re-)echo; -schelte[~*~™~], to scold 
 in return; -scheppe[~*~~], to dip or shovel 
 back; -schicke[~*~~], to send back; 
 -schiewel[~*~~], to shove back; -schitte 
 [-*~~], to pour back; -schlajje[-~~™~], to 
 strike back, revert; -schleefe[-’~~], to 
 drag back; -schluppe[~’~~], to creep back; 
 zschmeisse[~*~~], to throw back, cause to 
 fall behind; -schnalle[-*~~], to strap or 
 buckle back; -schnappe[~*~~], to limp back; 
 -schneide[~*~~], to cut back, top; -schnelle 
 [-*~~], to jerk back; -schneppe[*~~™], to 
 tilt back; -schprenge[~*~~], to cause to 
 beat a hasty retreat; -schpringe[~’~~], to 
 run back; -schritte[-*~~], to step back; 
 -schterze[“’~~], to fall back; -schtamme 
 [-*~~], to be descended from; -schteh* 
 [-*"], to stand back, be backward; -schtelle 
 [-*~~], to reject; -schtewwre[~~~~], to chase 
 back; -schtoosse[’’~~], to repel; -schwetze 
 [-*~*], to talk back; -zsehne[~*~~], to see 
 back, look back; -sei*[-’"], to be behind, 
 be backward; -setze[’*~~], to give (one) a 
 setback; -weise[-*~~], to refer (back); 
 -winsche[’*~~], to wish back; -wolle[-*~~], 
 to want to go back; <zieje[~*~~], to pull 
 back, retreat, withdraw, secede; -zoppe 
 [-*~™~], to jerk back. 
 
 zerickzus[~*~], backwards, on the way back, 
 in the back country. G zuriick+dG zus. 
 
 zerickzus || falle[-’~~~], to fall backwards; 
 -geh~[~*~"], to go into a decline, fail. 
 
 zesaje[~~], (so), barely; — kenni, hardly 
 any. G zu sagen. 
 
 zettel[*~], m, slip of paper, note, ticket, label, 
 short letter. G Zettel. 
 
 zettel[*~], m, warp (in weaving). G Zettel. 
 
 zettelend[*~~], n, end of a piece of woven 
 carpet. G Zettelende. 
 
 zeweje[-~~] bringe, to accomplish. G zuwege. 
 
 zichtiche[*~~], pp gezichticht, to chastise. 
 G ziichtigen. 
 
 zickel[*~], n, shaver, urchin, little rascal. G 
 Zickel. 
 
 zickzack[*~], zigzag. G zickzack. 
 
 ziech["], f, (bed-)tick. G Zieche. 
 
 ziejenbock[~~~], m, billy-goat (nursery rhyme 
 only). G Ziegenbock. 
 
 ziek || blaschder[*~~], n, plaster for drawing 
 
184 
 
 (blistering); -brunne[*~~], m, well with 
 bucket and rope or chain; -dak[*"], m, 
 moving-day; -gaul[*"], m, draught horse; 
 sloch[~~], n, pipehole; -messer[*~~], n, 
 drawing-knife; -ochs[*~], m, draught ox. 
 
 zieje[~~], pp gezojje, to draw, pull, move. G 
 ziehen. 
 
 ziel["], n, goal, aim. G Ziel. 
 
 ziele[~~], pp gezielt, to aim. G zielen. 
 
 zier["], {, ornament, sweetheart. G Zier. 
 
 zier["], smartly, prettily. G zier. 
 
 zierat(~~], f, ornament. G Zierat. 
 
 ziere[~~], pp geziert, to adorn. G zieren. 
 
 zierlich[~~], nicely. G zierlich. 
 
 ziffer[’~], m, figure, cipher (secret writing). 
 G Ziffer. 
 
 zifferblatt[*~"], n, dial (of a clock). G 
 Zifferblatt. 
 
 ziffere[*~~], pp geziffert, to cipher, cast up 
 accounts. G ziffern. 
 
 zigeiner[“~~], m, gypsy. G Zigeuner. 
 
 zijjel[*~], m, bridle. G Ziigel. 
 
 zijjel[*~], tile. G Ziegel. 
 
 zimberlich[* ~~], delicate, weak. G zimperlich. 
 
 zimmer[*~] (rare), n, room. G Zimmer. 
 
 zimmere|*~~], pp gezimmert, to construct of 
 wood, tinker. G zimmern. 
 
 zimmermann{[*~~], m, rough-carpenter. G 
 Zimmermann. 
 
 zimmlich[*~], pretty, tolerable, pretty good. 
 G ziemlich. 
 
 zinde[’~], pp gezindt, to ignite. G ziinden. 
 
 zind || hols|*~], n, kindling-wood, match(rare); 
 sloch[*~], mn, touch-hole; -pann[*~], f, 
 touch-hole; -pulwer[*~~], n, priming. 
 
 zing|~], charm-word repeated in powwowing. 
 Onomat. 
 
 zingle[*~], pp gezingelt, to wag the tongue, 
 
 give a tingling sensation. G ziingeln. 
 zink[“], n, zinc. G Zink. 
 zinke|* an m, f, prong, tine. G Zinken. 
 
 zinkegras[*~~], n, finger-grass. 
 
 zinkharn[*~], n, cornet. G Zinkhorn. 
 
 zinn[{~], n, tin, pewter. G Zinn. 
 
 zinne|*™], (of) tin. G zinnen. 
 
 zinnich|*~], (of) tin, tinny. G zinnig. 
 
 zinter, sinter, zitter[*~], since. dG zinter, 
 sinter, siter. 
 
 Zion[~~], n, Zion. G Zion. 
 
 zipp[“], chirp! cheep! G zipp. 
 
 zippche, zittche[*~], n, chirping sparrow. G 
 zippen. 
 
 zippel[*~], m, tip, foolish person. G Zipfel. 
 
 zische[*~], pp gezischt, to hiss, boil. G 
 zischen. 
 
 zitter[*~], f, guitar. G Zither. 
 zittere[*~~], pp gezittert, to tremble, shiver. 
 zittern. 
 
 zitterli[* ~~], m, souse. 
 
 zitterm|*~] =zitter em. 
 
 zittrich|*~], trembly, nervous. G zitterig. 
 
 ziwwele[*~~], pp geziwwelt, to pull ears, 
 correct. Dim form of G zupfen. 
 
 ziwwerche[*~~], n, small tub. Dim of zuw- 
 wer. 
 
 <G zittern. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 zoijer{~~], m, hand of a clock or watch. G 
 Zeiger. 
 
 zoll[-], m, inch. G Zoll. 
 
 zoll || haus[*"], n, (road) toll-house; -schtaéb 
 +], m, foot-rule. 
 
 zoppe[*~], m, rag, tatter, nape of the neck: 
 am—nemme. G Zopf. 
 
 zoppel’ “], pp gezoppt, to pull, jerk, pick: 
 
 oll —. G zupfen. 
 
 coueionte 1 rough, ragged, unkempt. Adj 
 from zoppe. 
 
 zopp || lein[* ait f, jerk-line, check-line; -zijjel 
 eatin Ha 8 check-rein. 
 
 zott["], f, spout of a tea- or coffee-pot, female 
 pudendum. dG zott. 
 
 zottel[*~], m, f, rag, lewd woman. G Zottel. 
 
 zotteleeche[*~ ~~], f, pin oak. 
 
 zottle[*~], pp gezottelt, to drop uninten- 
 tionally, scatter. G zotteln. 
 
 zottlich[*~], ragged, tattered. G zottelig. 
 
 zowwele[*~~], pp gezowwelt, to pull (ears). 
 dG zowwele. 
 
 zu["], to, at; closed; — fuss, afoot; — zwett, 
 being two, two (of us), in double file; — 
 wie, compared with. G zu. 
 
 zu-["], separable prefix of verbs. G zu-. 
 
 zubaue[~~~], pp zugebaut, to obstruct by 
 building. G zubauen. 
 
 zubinne[~~~], pp zugebunne, to tie up. G 
 zubinden. 
 
 zubleiwe[~~~], pp zugebliwwe, to remain 
 closed. G zubleiben. 
 
 zubleschdre[~~~], pp zugebleschdert, to plas- 
 ter up. G zupflastern. 
 
 zublocke[~~~], pp zugeblockt, to block up. 
 G zu+Block. 
 
 zublose[*~~], pp zugeblose, to drift shut (of 
 roads by snow). G zublasen. 
 
 zubringe[~~~], pp zugebrocht, to pass, spend. 
 G zubringen. 
 
 zucht[~], f, order, training, noise. G Zucht. 
 
 zucht || haus| “ “], n, penitentiary; -hengscht 
 [‘~], m, stallion; -merr[*~], f, brood-mare. 
 
 zuchtich[*~], noisy. Adj from zucht. 
 
 zuck[~], m, draft, pull, moving. G Zug. 
 
 zuckblaschder[*~™], n, plaster for drawing. G 
 Zugpflaster. 
 
 zucke[*~], pp gezuckt, to twitch, jerk. G 
 zucken. 
 
 zucker[’~], m, sugar. G Zucker. 
 
 zucker || erbs[*~"], f, sugar pea; -bam[*~"], 
 m, sugar maple; “bool ll*~], f, sugar bowl; 
 -bretzel[’ ~~~], n, pretzel covered with sugar 
 instead of salt; -fass[*~~], n, sugar barrel; 
 -gnolle[*~~~], m, lump of sugar; -(g)schleck 
 [*~~], n, candy; -maul[*~"], n, person with 
 a sweet tooth; -rieb[*~"], f, sugar beet; 
 zsach[*~~], n, candies, sweets; -siess[*~”], 
 sweet as sugar; -schteng-el, -li[*~~™], 
 -elche[*~~~~], n, stick of candy; -wasser 
 *¥~~], n, maple sap. 
 
 zuckerich[*~~], sugary, of sugar. 
 
 zuckern[*~], of sugar. G zuckern. 
 
 zuckich[*~], twitchy. G zuckig. 
 
 zuckloch[*~], n, air-hole, flue. %G Zugloch. 
 
 G zuckerig. 
 
Pennsyloania-German Dictionary 
 
 zudecke[~~™~], pp zugedeckt, to cover up. G 
 zudecken. 
 
 zudem|([*~], besides, in addition. G zudem. 
 
 zudraje[~~~], pp zugedraje, sich, to happen. 
 G zutragen. 
 
 zudraue[~~~], n, confidence. G Zutrauen. 
 
 zudraue[*~~], pp zugedraut, to credit with, 
 confide in. G zutrauen. 
 
 zudrauisch[*~~], trusting. .G zutraulich. 
 
 zudreffe[~~~], pp zugedroffe, sich, to happen, 
 come to pass. G zutreffen. 
 
 zudrehe[~*~~], pp zugedreht, to shut off, turn 
 off. G zudrehen. 
 
 zudricke[~~~], pp zugedrickt, to close (by 
 squeezing). G zudriicken. 
 
 zuerscht[~~], first, in the first place. G zuerst. 
 
 zuferrichde|~~~~], pp zugferricht, to plow 
 under (as potatoes). G zu-+furchen. 
 
 zufahre[~~~], pp zugfahre, to drive on, fill 
 (a place) with vehicles by parking. G 
 zufahren. 
 
 zufall[~~], m, accident. G Zufall. 
 
 zufalle[~~~], pp zugfalle, to fall in, happen, 
 devolve upon. G zufallen. 
 
 zufellich[*~~], accidentally, by haphazard. 
 G zufallig. 
 
 zufellicherweis[*~~~~ ], accidentally. G zu- 
 falliger Weise. 
 
 zufieje[~~~], pp zugfiekt, to credit (one) with, 
 inflict, add to. G zufiigen. 
 
 zufiucht/[- “], f, refuge. G Zuflucht. 
 
 zufridde[™* “}, content, satisfied. G zufrieden. 
 
 zufriddeheet|"*~~], f, contentment, satisfac- 
 
 tion. G Zufriedenheit. 
 zugang[~~], m, access, admission. G Zugang. 
 zugeh*[*"], pp zugange, to close, happen; 
 
 wie geht’s zu bei eich, how are things going 
 with you. G zugehen. 
 
 zugeheer[~~~],n, appurtenances. G Zugehor. 
 
 pone edeRt ib approachable. G zuging- 
 ich. 
 
 zugewwe[~~~], pp zugewwe, to admit, allow. 
 G zugeben. 
 
 zu(g)friere[~~~], 
 G zufrieren. 
 
 zuglappe[~~~], pp zugeglappt, to slam shut. 
 G zuklappen. 
 
 zugnippe[~~~], pp zugegnippt, to button up. 
 G zukn6pfen. 
 
 zugreife[~~~], pp zugegriffe, to take hold of, 
 begin. G zugreifen. 
 
 zugrieje[~~~], pp zugrickt, to get to close (a 
 door). G zukriegen. 
 
 zugrund[~*] geh", to gotoruin. G zugrunde. 
 
 zugucke[*~~], pp zugeguckt, to look on. G 
 zugucken. 
 
 zuhalte[~~~], pp zukalte, to keep closed. G 
 zuhalten. 
 
 zuharriche[*~~~], pp zukarricht, to listen. G 
 
 G 
 G 
 
 pp zugfrore, to freeze up. 
 
 zuhorchen. 
 zuhawwe[~ ~~], 
 zuhaben. 
 zuheele[~~~], pp zukeelt, 
 zuheilen. 
 
 pp zukatt, to have closed. 
 
 to heal up. 
 
 185 
 zuheere[*~~], pp zukeert, to listen. G zu- 
 héren. 
 zuheerer([*~~], m, auditor, listener. G Zu- 
 horer. 
 zuhewe[~~~], pp zukowe, to hold shut. G 
 zuheben. 
 
 zuklemme[*~™~], pp zugeklemmt, to close by 
 pressing, press together, grip hard. 
 zuklemmen. 
 
 zukumme[*~~], pp zukumme, to appertain to, 
 
 accrue, regain consciousness. G zukom- 
 men. 
 zukunft, zukumft([~~], f, future. G Zukunft. 
 
 zuleje[“~~], pp zugelekt, to cover with 
 (boards). G zulegen. 
 
 zuletscht[" *] =zeletscht. 
 
 zulosse[~~~], pp zugelosst, to leave closed, 
 admit. G zulassen. 
 
 zulossung[~~~], f, admittance. 
 
 zum|["] =zu em. 
 
 zumache[~~~], pp zugemacht, to close, shut. 
 G zumachen. 
 
 zumaure[~ ~~], pp zugemauert, to wall up. G 
 zumauern. 
 
 zume[~~] =zu me. 
 
 zumute[~~~], pp zugemut, to expect (some 
 
 G Zulassung. 
 
 one) to. G zumuten. 
 zunaehe[~~~], pp zugenaeht, to sew up. G 
 zunahen. 
 
 zunahm|([~~], m, increase. G Zunahm. 
 
 zunajjele[~~~~], pp zugenajjelt, to nail up. 
 G zunageln. 
 
 zunemme|[~*~~], pp zugenumme, to increase; 
 im zunemme(n)de, in the waxing of the 
 moon. G zunehmen. 
 
 zuner, zuni, zue[~~], closed: en zuner wajje. 
 Adj from zu. 
 
 zunischde[~~~], pp zugenischt, to overrun 
 with weeds or briers, overspin (of the tent 
 
 caterpillar). G zunisten. 
 
 zunome, zundme[~~~], m, surname. G 
 Zuname. 
 
 zung[~], f, tongue. G Zunge. 
 
 zuranke[~~~], pp zugerankt, to become cover- 
 
 ed with vines. G zuranken. 
 
 zure[~~] =zu re. 
 
 zurechle[~~~], pp zugerechelt, to add to, 
 ascribe. G zurechnen. 
 
 zurecht["*], ready. G zurecht. Cf zerecht. 
 
 zureisse[~~~], pp zugerisse, to pull shut. G 
 zureissen. 
 
 zurichde[~~~], pp zugericht, to prepare, 
 handle roughly; arrick —, to abuse, put 
 into bad condition, spoil. G zurichten. 
 
 zurijjele[~~~~], pp zugerijjelt, to bolt. G 
 zuriegeln. 
 
 zurischde[~ ~ 
 zurtsten. 
 
 zurufe[~~~], pp zugerufe, to hail. G zurufen. 
 
 zus["] =zu es: der hund keert — Beidelmans. 
 
 -zus|~], suffix with the meaning of towards, 
 in the direction of. dG zus, zues, zuesig. 
 
 zusatz[~~], m, addition. G Zusatz. 
 
 zuschaffe[*~~], pp zugschafft, to procure, 
 amass. G zu-+schaffen. 
 
 “], pp zugerischt, to prepare. G 
 
186 
 
 zuschand["*] geh”, to go to the bad, perish. 
 G zuschanden. 
 
 zuschiewe[~~~], pp zugschowe, to push shut. 
 G zuschieben. 
 
 zuschlackhammer[~~~~], m, large hammer 
 used by a blacksmith’s helper. G Zuschlag- 
 hammer. 
 
 zuschlajje[~~~], pp zugschlaije, to slam, 
 assist a blacksmith in welding tires, etc. 
 G zuschlagen. 
 
 zuschliesse[~~~], pp zugschlosse, to lock. G 
 zuschliessen. 
 
 zuschmeisse[~~~], pp zugschmisse, to fill up. 
 G zuschmeissen. 
 
 zuschmiere[*~~], pp zugschmiert, to stop up 
 cracks (with plaster, etc.). G zuschmieren. 
 
 zuschnalle[~~~], pp zugschnallt, to buckle. 
 G zuschnallen. 
 
 zuschneee[*~~], pp zugschneet, to snow in. 
 G zuschneien. 
 
 zuschniere[~~~], pp zugschniert, to strangle: 
 
 ' dikehl—. G zuschniiren. 
 
 zuschpelle[*~~], pp zugschpellt, to pin to- 
 gether. Gzu+dG spelle. 
 
 zuschpinne[*~~], pp zugschpunne, to cover 
 with spider-webs. G zuspinnen. 
 
 zuschpreche[*~~], pp zugschproche, to en- 
 courage, urge on, urge (to eat heartily). 
 G zusprechen. 
 
 zuschpringe[*~~], pp zugschprunge, to close, 
 clap shut, run up to. G zuspringen. 
 
 zuschreiwe|*~~], pp zugschriwwe, to ascribe 
 to, charge. G zuschreiben. 
 
 zuschtand[~*~], m, state, condition; du liewer 
 —! my goodness! weiss der —, really. G 
 Zustand. Cf wisse. 
 
 zuschtecke[*~~], pp zugschteckt, to plug a 
 hole, give clandestinely. G zustecken. 
 
 zuschtelle[~~~], pp zugschtellt, to block up, 
 obstruct, close down. G zustellen. 
 
 zuschtoppe|*~™~], pp zugschtoppt, to stop up. 
 G zustopfen. 
 
 zuschtrecke[*~~], pp zugschtreckt, to add to, 
 make a short cut. G zustrecken. 
 
 zuschtreeme[~~~], pp zugschtreemt, to flow 
 towards. G zustrémen. 
 
 zuschwemme[*~~], pp zugschwemmt, to 
 cover with silt or sand. G zuschwemmen. 
 
 zusehne[~~~], pp zugsehne, to look on. G 
 zusehen. 
 
 zusetze[*~~], pp zugsetzt, to add to, increase. 
 G zusetzen. 
 
 zutritt[~~], m, admission. G Zutritt. 
 
 zuverdraue[~~~~], n, confidence, reliance. G 
 Zuvertrauen. 
 
 zuversicht[~~~], f, confidence. G Zuversicht. 
 
 zuversichtlich[~~~~], confidently. G zuver- 
 sichtlich. 
 
 zuvor|~*], before, formerly. G zuvor. 
 
 zuwachs|~~], m, increase. G Zuwachs. 
 
 zuwachse[~~~], pp zugewachse, to become 
 grown over. G zuwachsen. 
 
 zuwickle[*~~], pp zugewickelt, to wrap up. 
 G zuwickeln. 
 
 zuwidder|"*~], disagreeable, ad- 
 verse. G zuwider. 
 
 contrary, 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Society 
 
 zuwwer[*~], m, tub. dG zuwwer, G Zuber. 
 
 zuzappe[~~~], pp zugezappt, to plug up. G 
 zuzapfen. 
 
 zuzieje|~~~], pp zugezojje, to pull tight. G 
 zuziehen. 
 
 zwacke[*~], pp gezwackt, to be grasping or 
 miserly. G zwacken. 
 
 zwackich[*~], warty. Adj from dG zwacke. 
 
 zwerl[~], m, whirl. G Zwirl. 
 
 zwerne|’ ah pp gezwernt, to twist (yarn), 
 pur. G zwirnen. 
 
 zwernrad[*“], n, twisting wheel (in spinning). 
 G Zwirnrad. 
 
 zweerrich|*~], m, dwarf. G Zwerg. 
 
 zweetrich|*~], en rechter, a troublemaker. G 
 zwerch. 
 
 zweerrich || ax[*~~], f, twibill; -sack[*~~], n 
 saddle-bag, shoulder-bag. From G Sreats 
 
 ieee tall “|, f, fife, piccolo. G Zwerg + 
 
 eife. 
 
 zwerwel|’~], m, whirl, eddy. G Zwirbel. 
 
 zwerwle[*~], pp gezwerwelt, to whirl, eddy. 
 G zwirbeln. 
 
 zwang[~], m, force, coercion, cramp, constant 
 urging of the bowels. G Zwang. 
 
 zwansich[*~], twenty. G zwanzig. 
 
 zwansichschdel[*~~], n, twentieth (part). G 
 Zwanzigstel. 
 
 zwansichscht[*~], twentieth. G zwanzigst. 
 
 zwar["], ’tis true, truly. G zwar. 
 
 zweck[~], m, aim, object, design. G Zweck. 
 
 zweckmaessich[*~~], appropriate. G zweck- 
 massig. 
 
 zwee[], two. G zwei. 
 
 zweeerlee[~~"], (of) two kinds. G zweierlei. 
 
 zwee || beenich[*~~], two-legged; -doppelt 
 [~~~], double; -dottrich[*~~], having two 
 yolks; -fach[*~], two-fold; -gsichtich[~~™], 
 double-faced; -jaehrich[~~~], two years old; 
 -keppich[~~~], of different mind; -mol[*‘], 
 twice; -reddrich[*~~], two-wheeled; 
 -schneidich[~~~], Boule edged; -schteck- 
 ich[~~~], two-storied; -seitich[*~~], two- 
 faced; -sitzich[*~~~], two-seated; -schpen- 
 nich[*~~], double. 
 
 zweifelhaft[*~~], doubtful. G zweifelhaft. 
 
 zweije[~~], pp gezweikt, to graft (a tree). G 
 
 zweigen. 
 zweik["], f, twig, scion, graft. G Zweig. 
 
 zweikschmier[~"], f, grafting wax. G Zweig 
 +Schmiere. 
 zweiwel, zweifel[~~], m, doubt. G Zweifel. 
 
 zweiwle, zweifle[~~], pp gezweiwelt, to doubt; 
 ich zweiwel, I doubt (but also, I ween, 
 I guess). G zweifeln. 
 
 zwelf[-], zwelfe[*~], twelve. G zwélf. 
 
 zwelfdel[*~], n, twelfth (part). G Zwélftel. 
 
 zwelft["], twelfth. G zwdélft. 
 
 zwenge[*~], pp gezwengt, to force, compel. 
 G zwangen. 
 
 zwett[“], second; di -e Grischdak, Dec. 26. G 
 zweit. 
 
 zwette[*~], pp gezwett, sich, to happen twice, 
 become two years old. Verb from zwett. 
 
 zwett || eltscht[*~], next to the oldest; 
 eglennscht[*~], next to the smallest; 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 -greesscht|’ “], next to the largest; -mol[**], 
 second time. 
 
 zwettens[*~], secondly. G zweitens. 
 
 zwetter[*~], en, deuce (in cards), the figure 2. 
 G Zweier. 
 
 zwickel[*~], m, gore, fool, clown. G Zwickel. 
 
 zwickelzwack[*~~], m, crazy loon. Compound 
 of Zwickel. 
 
 zwieschpalt[*~], m, misunderstanding, trou- 
 ble-maker. G Zwiespalt. 
 
 zwillere[*~~], pp gezwillert, to warble. 
 
 zwillich[’~], m, twill. G Zwillich. 
 
 zwilliche[*~~], pp gezwillicht, to twill. G 
 zwillichen. 
 
 g[*~], m, twin, (Z-)Gemini (sign of the 
 
 zodiac). G Zwilling. 
 
 zwinge[*~], pp gezwunge, to force, compel: 
 geld zwingt di welt. G zwingen. 
 
 zwische, zwischich[*~], between. G zwischen. 
 
 zwische || darrich[*~*~], right through be- 
 tween; -drin[~~*], in between; -nei*[-~*], 
 
 187 
 
 in between (in motion), interlarded. 
 zwischem|[*~] =zwische em. 
 zwischeme[* ~~] =zwische me. 
 zwischere[’ ~~] =zwische re. 
 zwisches|[* “] =zwische es. 
 zwitschere[*~~], pp gezwitschert, 
 warble (of birds), twitter. G zwitschern. 
 zwitter[*~], m, human hermaphrodite, bi- 
 sexual pig or fowl. G Zwitter. 
 zwitzere[*~~], pp gezwitzert, to glitter, 
 glimmer, shimmer tremulously, twitter. 
 G zwitzern. 
 zwitzerich, zwitscherich[*~~], 
 shimmering tremulously, 
 from zwitzere. 
 zwiwwel[*~], f, onion, bulb. G Zwiebel. 
 zwiwwel || kuche[’~~*], m, sliced onions with 
 bacon baked on a pastry crust; -schlott 
 [*~~], f, onion top; -supp[*~~], f, onion soup. 
 zwiwwle(* “], pp gezwiwwelt, to ‘beat, cheat. 
 G zwiebeln. 
 
 to sing, 
 
 glistening, 
 rapidly. Adj 
 
! i 
 oath a! 
 A Pash im 
 
 is ‘ uP A f 
 dy SY 
 
 4. 
 i Adaeh Y* 
 re DOAK, s 
 r cde, We 
 
 ¢ : oy “i 
 
 : re ee 
 ne eee I 
 Serie i f 
 PPE 4s dt 
 \ 5 ae 
 
 A F 
 
 POST ae 
 
 ei deat) 
 ao a 
 
 “ie a) 
 
 at 
 juve y 
 
 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 A list of 517 words, wholly or partly of English origin, compiled to illustrate (1) The 
 retention of English sounds, (2) The changes which English sounds and words have under- 
 gone in the process of adoption, (3) The affixing of German prefixes, suffixes and endings 
 to English words, (4) The formation of hybrid compounds. 
 
 Note.—A word or part of a word in the definition printed in italics indicates the English 
 
 component in the Pennsylvania-German word. 
 
 A 
 
 abfixe[*~™~], to frustrate another’s plans, give 
 tit for tat, fix. 
 
 ablewwle[*~~], to level. 
 
 abserfe[~~~], to observe. 
 
 abschlacke[*~~], to slake (lime), slacken. 
 
 abseine[* ~~], to sign away. 
 
 absettle[*~~], to make a settlement, sefile. 
 
 abtschecke[*~~], to check off. 
 
 abtscheckte[~~~], to object. 
 
 abwaere|[* ~~], to wear off. 
 
 ackschen[*™], action. 
 
 ackschen|*~}, auctzon. 
 
 aedapte["*~], to adopt. 
 
 affer|*~], offer. 
 
 affere[*~~], to offer. 
 
 affis[*~], office. 
 
 affisgebei|*~~"], office building. 
 
 a*fitte[~~~], to fit (on). 
 
 akte[*~], to act. 
 
 akterei[~~~], acting. 
 
 allwann[~*], all one, all the same. 
 
 amb(er)rel[-~*], wmbrella. 
 
 anser[*~], answer. 
 
 ant[~], aunt. 
 
 arrentsch[*~], orange. 
 
 a*schpleise[~~~], to splice. 
 
 a~settle[~~~], to settle, found a new settlement. 
 
 ausbacke[~~~], to back out. 
 
 ausfiggere[~~~~], to figure out. 
 
 austeiere[~~~~], to tire out. 
 
 auswaere[~~~], to wear out. 
 
 B 
 
 backbord[*~], board on which dough is rolled 
 out. 
 
 backebuch[’~~], pocketbook, wallet. 
 
 badder|*~], bother. 
 
 baddere[*~~], to bother. 
 
 baddereeschen[“ ~*~], botheration. 
 
 baddi[’~], body (of a wagon or a dress, but 
 not of a human being or an animal). 
 
 ber["], dar. 
 
 berje[*™], bargain. 
 
 berl[~], barrel. 
 
 berlfass[*~], barrel. 
 
 Berricks[’~], Berks. 
 
 berschtubb[~~], barroom. 
 
 ballens[*™], balance. 
 
 Balli[*~], Polly. 
 
 baloni[*~~], bologna. 
 
 band["], band. 
 
 bander, bender[*™], panther. 
 
 bandi[*~], bantam. 
 
 bandihahne[*~~~], bantam rooster, cocky per- 
 son. 
 
 bank[~], bank. 
 
 banne(r)t[*~], bonnet. 
 
 bassem|[*~], opossum. 
 
 batsch["!, badge. 
 
 batte[*~], to bat. 
 
 battell[*~], battle. 
 
 baunse[~~], to bounce. 
 
 beiler[~~], dozler. 
 
 beind|["], pine. 
 
 beindbam|[~"], pine tree. 
 
 beindharz[~“], resin of the pine tree. 
 
 beindzappe[~~~], pzne cone. 
 
 beint["], pint. 
 
 beintblech[~~], pzné¢ (tin) cup. 
 
 bejuse[“*~], to abuse. 
 
 benni[*~], bennihund[*~~], pennydog (usually 
 applied to a child that follows its mother 
 around everywhere). 
 
 bennreil[~~], pennyroyal. 
 
 bens[“], penny (E pence). 
 
 bewi[~~], beweli[~~~], baby. 
 
 bexel[*~], little box (G dim of E box). 
 
 bickbock[*~], bigbug. 
 
 bickbockerei{’~ ~~], acting big, (bigbuggery). 
 
 bief["], beef. 
 
 biefschtaek[*"], beefsteak. 
 
 bies["]schweere, to have another bound over 
 to keep the peace. 
 
 biet["], des is der, this beats (or excels). 
 
 biete[~~], to beat, excel. 
 
 biewi, piewi[~~], peewit (also applied to a 
 queer looking person). 
 
 bijjelbord[*~"], ironing board. 
 
 bill[“], 22. 
 
 bischur[“*], to be sure, certainly. 
 
 bisnis[*~], business. 
 
 bitsch{~], bztch. 
 
 blacke[*~], to blacken. 
 
 blackbeer[* "|, blackberry. 
 
 blackgerde[* ~~], to blackguard. 
 
 blanket[*~], blanket. 
 
 bleipensil[~~~], lead pencil. 
 
 blendi[*~], plenty. 
 
 bo["], beau. 
 
 189 
 
190 
 
 boddboi[*"], potpie. 
 
 bofflo[* "], buffalo. 
 
 bofflohaut[* ~~], buffalo robe. 
 boggil*~], buggy. 
 
 boi, pei{"], pre 
 
 boigraut[*"], ano preplant. 
 bord["], board. 
 
 braesbohre[*~~], brace and bit. 
 braese[*~], to appraise (an estate), brace. 
 braesment|*~], appratsement. 
 brandi[*™], brandy. 
 
 brendis|[*~], apprentice. 
 bullband[*~], calathumpian band. 
 bulli[*~], dzd/y. 
 
 butscher[*~], butcher. 
 butschere[*~~], to butcher. 
 butschermesser|’~~~], butcher-knife. 
 
 For English words beginning with c (like k) 
 see words under K. 
 
 D 
 
 Derm["], Durham (village in Bucks Co.). 
 
 dall[~], doll. 
 
 dallbopp[*~], doll. 
 
 dallje, dalljen, talljen[*~], dahlia. 
 
 danki, denki[*~], thank you. 
 
 dascher[*~], dasher (of a buggy). 
 
 dascht[~], bei, (I’ll be) dashed. 
 
 dauer[~~], dower. 
 
 delliget[* ~~], delegate. 
 
 dest, desk[~], desk. 
 
 dickschennerri[*~~™~], dictionary. 
 
 dierescho[~~~], menagerie, (animal-show). 
 
 dimmedi, demmedi[*~~], timothy. 
 
 dredd(en)pauer[*~ ~], treading-power. 
 
 dress[~], dress, lady’s or girl’s frock only; 
 but note the verb. 
 
 dressel’~], to dress=PG Adu’, gleede, G 
 antun, kleiden. 
 
 drossell* “|, trestle. 
 
 drowjer|~~], drover. 
 
 duti[~~], duty. 
 
 E 
 
 ebaut[” *], raya ], about, very, exceedingly. 
 
 eider[~~], ezther. 
 
 ei~fense[*~~], to fence in. 
 
 eisemeind[*~"], iron mine. 
 
 elfbensschtick[’*~], an English coin of the 
 early day worth 12 cents (probably an 
 eleven penny bit). 
 
 ennihau[*~~], anyhow. Cf hennicher. 
 
 entschoije[“*~], sich, to enjoy oneself. 
 
 eppelboil*~~], apple- -pie. 
 
 exkjuse[~*~], to excuse. 
 
 F 
 
 fackdri[*~], factory. 
 fakt[~], fact. 
 ferling|*™], farthing. 
 falldirall[*~~], folderol. 
 Falliwalter[*~~~], Falliwalter 
 
 apple). 
 fanne[*~], sich, to fan oneself. 
 
 (variety of 
 
 The Pennsyloania-German Society 
 
 fannich[*~], funny. 
 
 fannische[*~~], to furnish. 
 
 fansi[*~], fancy, high-toned, swell. 
 faschen|*~], fashion. 
 
 feese[~*~], to faze, face. 
 fendugroijer[’~ ~~], crzer at a vendue. 
 fens[~], fence. 
 
 fensemaus|* ~”], chipmunk, (fence-mouse). 
 fenserijjel[*~~~], fence-rail. 
 fensposchde[*~~~], fence-post. 
 fetsche[*~], to fetch, bring to time. 
 figgere[*~~], to figure, cipher. 
 filsich[*~], filthy. 
 
 finische[*~~], to “finish. 
 
 pity |, ip, fippenny bit. 
 
 fitte[’ i to fit. 
 
 fix"), fix. 
 
 fixe|’ “], to fix. 
 
 fleeschboi[~~], meat-fze. 
 
 fossdraet[~*], first rate. 
 
 frack[~], frock, dress (lady’s). 
 
 fraem|["|, frame. 
 
 frallick[*~], frolic, public dance, party of 
 farmers to do a piece of work (like clearing 
 a piece of new land or hauling lime). 
 
 frantschtubb[*~], parlor, front room. 
 
 G 
 geerde[~~], to guard. 
 gerdien[~*], guardian. 
 gamle, gemle[*~], to gamble. 
 gammschtiwwel[*~~], rubber boot, 
 boot). 
 gammschuh[*"], rubber, (gwm-shoe). 
 gardefens[~~~], garden fence. 
 gas["], gas. 
 gaund["], gown, lady’s or girl’s dress (used 
 only in certain sections). 
 gedrasch[**], trash. 
 gedresst[“‘], dressed, clothed; 
 prettily dressed. 
 gekick[~~], (constant) kicking or fault-finding. 
 gepusch[~~], (constant) pushing. 
 gfigger[*~], prolonged figuring or computing. 
 gildier[*~], gilderi[*~~], ktl/deer. 
 glabbord[* "], clapboard, paling. 
 glabbordfens[*~~], paling-fence, 
 fence). 
 glewwis|[*~], clevis. 
 glob[7], globe. 
 grammam|‘~], grandmother. 
 grampap[*~], grandfather. 
 grandad[*~], grandfather. 
 grenk[~], crank, handle. 
 grick, krick[~], ‘creek (vulg. crick). 
 griement[*~], agreement. 
 groijer[~~], crier (at a vendue). 
 gschmook["], (continual) smoking. 
 gschniek["], (habitual) sneaking. 
 
 H 
 herli[*~], Aardly. 
 herzkauer[*~~], coward, (heart-coward). 
 halbbuschel[* ~~], half bushel. 
 
 (gum- 
 
 schee™ —, 
 
 (clapboard- 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 hambock[*~], Aumbug. 
 
 handbord[*], plasterer’s hawk, (handboard). 
 
 hasspauer[*~~], haspauer[*~~], horsepower, 
 horse lever power. 
 
 hasspittel[*~~], hospital. 
 
 hauns["], hound. 
 
 haxet|*~], hogshead. 
 
 Heio[*~], Ohzo. 
 
 heif(t)s["], hives, heaves. 
 
 heiste[~~], to hoist (vulg. ets?). 
 
 hennicher|[*~~], anyhow. Cf ennihau. 
 
 hickeri[*~™~], Azckory. 
 
 hickernis[*~~™], hickorynut. 
 
 hi~kicke[~~~], eens, to give (one) a kick. 
 
 hockelbeer[*~ ~], huckleberry. 
 
 hockschdere[*~™], to huckster. 
 
 hoffens[*~], yard fence. 
 
 hups[~], 400p(skirts). 
 
 I 
 
 Iesdaun[~~], Easton. 
 
 infehr|* "], zxfare. 
 
 Insch[~], Insching[*~], Indian. 
 
 inscheduwack, inschingduwack[*~~~], Indian 
 tobacco. 
 
 inscherobber|[* ~~~], zndia-rubber. 
 
 inschingwarzel[*~~~], Joe-Pye weed (Joe Pye 
 was an Jndian.) 
 
 in(t)schein[*~], engine. 
 
 in(t)schinier[~~*], engineer. 
 
 iwwerrule[~~~~], to overrule. 
 
 J 
 
 jeerd[7], yard (as in lumberyard). 
 Janki[*~], Yankee. 
 
 jard["], yard (measure). 
 jardschtecke[~~™~], m, yardstick. 
 Jarrick[*~], York. 
 
 juckere[*~~], to euchre, cheat. 
 juniform[*~~], unztform. 
 juse[~~], to use. 
 
 keerbsekosterd[*~~~], pumpkin custard, pump- 
 kin pie. 
 
 keerpet[*™], carpet. 
 
 kerpetlumpe[*~~~], carpet rags. 
 
 keerpetzettel[*~~~], carpet warp. 
 
 keerscheboi[*~"], cherry pie. 
 
 kaffigrauns[*~"], coffee grounds. 
 
 kaller[*~], collar. 
 
 kalletsch[*™], college. 
 
 kammen|*~], common. 
 
 kandi[*™], candy. 
 
 kandokter[~*™], conductor. 
 
 kanggress|[*~], congress. 
 
 kansert[*~], concert. 
 
 kappi[*~], copy. 
 
 kappibuch[*~~], copy-book. 
 
 kar, keer["], car. 
 
 kasch[~], cash. 
 
 kasset[*™], corset. 
 
 kastereil[~~*], castor oil. 
 
 kaunterfit[*~~], couwnterfett. 
 
 kaunti[*~], county. 
 
 kjur["], cure. 
 
 kjure[~~], to cure. 
 klums(ch)ich[*~], clumsy. 
 koort["], court. 
 
 koorthaus[*~], courthouse. 
 kootsch["], coach. 
 
 kossin[’™], cousin. 
 
 kooxe[~~], to coax. 
 kornisch[*~], cornish. 
 
 kraud["], crowd. 
 
 kschweerl, schkweerl["], squzrrel. 
 kschweier, schkweier|*~], squire. 
 kunsiddere[~*~™~], to consider. 
 kuschen[*~], cushion. 
 
 kweet["], quoit (vulg. quate). 
 
 L 
 
 lamaessich[~ ~~], /awful. 
 launsch|"], lounge. 
 leckendaun|[*~ "J, 
 (lackey in town). 
 leckschen|[*~], election. 
 leckscheniere[~ ~~~], to electtoneer. 
 leikness|[~~], lzkeness. 
 leim(s)drinke[~~~], lemonade. 
 leithass[*~], (lighthorse) cavalry. 
 leiwli[*~], Zzvel+. 
 lemmen|*~], Jemon. 
 Lenggeschder[’~~], Lancaster. 
 lessen|*~], lesson. 
 lewwell*~], level. 
 lewwele[* ~~], to Jevel. 
 
 rascal, impudent 
 
 Ig! 
 
 fellow, 
 
 lewwil[*~], levy, twelve and a half cents. 
 
 lickerisch[* ~~], licorice. 
 lischde[*~], to enlist. 
 
 littelhaus[*~~], outdoor toilet, (little house). 
 
 loffletter[*~™~], /oveletter. 
 loijer|~~|, Jawyer. 
 lokes[*~], locust. 
 lood["], /oad. 
 
 loofe[~~], to loaf. 
 
 lott, latt[“], Jot. 
 
 M 
 
 maebelzucker[~~~™], maple sugar. 
 maeble[*~], maple. 
 
 maeblehols[*~~], maple wood (or lumber). 
 
 manetsche[*~~], to manage. 
 mankischeins|*~~], monkey-shines. 
 mertsche[~~], to march. 
 matsch[~], match. 
 
 matschgeil|[* ~], match horses. 
 meind|["], mzne. 
 
 meind["], mind. 
 
 meinde[~~], to mine. 
 
 meinde[~~], to mind. 
 meinder[*~], miner. 
 miehlrees[*~], mill-race. 
 minnrel[*~], mineral. 
 
 mixe[*™], to mix. 
 
 mixelfuder[* ~~~], mixed cut feed. 
 mixelwese[*~ ~~], mixture, potpourri. 
 moolde[*~], to mould. 
 
192 
 
 moolding[*~], moulding. 
 mosch["], mush. 
 moschmehl[* "], mush-meal. 
 muschgieter[“~~], mosquito. 
 
 N 
 
 Nei Jarrick[“*~], New York. 
 nickname[* ~~], mickname. 
 nip[“], 77b (of a scythe handle). 
 nosse[’~], to nurse. 
 
 nusens|[~~], muisance. 
 
 O 
 
 offeblack[*~~], stove blacking. 
 ofkoors|~~], of course. 
 
 Pr 
 
 perfekt[*~], perfect. 
 
 perresal[~~~], parasol. 
 
 peerti[*~], party. 
 
 parbes|*~], on purpose. 
 
 peddle[’~], to peddle. 
 
 peddler[*~], peddler. 
 
 pefferbax[*~~], pepper-box. 
 
 pensil[*™], pencil. 
 
 pettiha[~~*], call to the leader horses to guide 
 to the left; petti is probably E petty, pet 
 name for a horse. 
 
 Phildelphi[**~], Philadelphia. 
 
 pikter[*~], picture. 
 
 pitsche[*~], to pitch. 
 
 pitscher[*~], pitcher. 
 
 pokich[*~], pokey, slow. 
 
 poschtaffis|*~~], posto fice. 
 
 punk[~], punk. 
 
 putte[*~], to vamoose, “‘beat it,’ E put. 
 
 R 
 
 rackgun[~*], raccoon. 
 
 raffiel’~], to raffle. 
 
 rassem|*~], rosin. 
 
 rauns|"|, round. 
 
 rausend[~™], rousing. 
 rauskraude|*~~], to crowd out. 
 Redden|[*~], Reading. 
 redder[’~], rather. 
 reesgaul[~~], race-horse. 
 rejler, regler[*~], regular. 
 reschde[*~], to arrest. 
 resseet|“~], receipt, recipe. 
 riseine|~*~], to resign. 
 riske[*™], to risk. 
 
 roon["], roan. 
 
 rooschde[*~], to roast. 
 rooscht["|, roast. 
 
 rubarb|~~], rhubarb. 
 
 rule[~~], to rule. 
 
 ruler[*~], ruler. 
 
 rumpoke[*~~], to poke around, move slowly. 
 runn[~], run (brook). 
 runnertschumpe[*~~~], to jump down. 
 
 The Pennsylvania-German Soctety 
 
 S) 
 
 serfe[~~], to serve. 
 
 salsbexel[*~~], little salt box. 
 
 satisfeie[*~ ~~], to satisfy. 
 
 schadlosband[*~~], indemnity bond. 
 
 schapp["], shop. 
 
 schkaet["], skate. 
 
 schkiet["], skzd. 
 
 schkraep|"], scrape. 
 
 schkwaer["], square. 
 
 schlack[~], slack. 
 
 schlaet[7], slate. 
 
 schlaetdach[~~], slate roof. 
 
 schlaetpensil[~~~], sate pencil. 
 
 schlappens[*~], slapping (adj). 
 
 schlipper[*~], slipper. 
 
 schlipperdiglle[“~~*~], slippery elm. 
 
 schmert["], smart. 
 
 schmittschapp[*~], blacksmith shop. 
 
 schmook["], smoke. 
 
 schmookduwack[~~~], smoking tobacco. 
 
 schmooke[~*~], to smoke. 
 
 schmookpeif[~~], (smoke) pipe. 
 
 schnitzboi[* "], dried apple pie. 
 
 schnock["], snug. 
 
 schperregras[*~"], asparagus (vulg. sparrow- 
 grass). 
 
 schperricke[*~~], to spark, court. 
 
 schpeerrit[*~], spirits. 
 
 schpank[“], spunk. 
 
 schpankich[*~], spunky, extraordinary. 
 
 schpansch[~], sponge. 
 
 schpaubax[~~], spittoon, (spitbox). 
 
 schpeik["], spzke. 
 
 schpeike[~~], to spike. 
 
 schpeis["], spice. 
 
 schpeit[™], spite. 
 
 schpeite[~~], to spite; es hott mich juscht 
 ebaut gschpeit, I regretted the loss very 
 much, I am sorry to have missed it. — 
 
 schpellingbuch[*~™], spelling book. 
 
 schpende[*~], to spend. 
 
 schpleise[~~], to splice. 
 
 schpringswajje[*~~], spring wagon, market 
 wagon. 
 
 schtack[*], stock. 
 
 schtaek[7], steak. 
 
 schtaékefensich[*~~~], zigzag, like a worm- 
 (stake) fence. 
 
 schtamp[], stamp. 
 
 schtampe[*™], to affix a stamp. 
 
 schtande[*~], to stand, bear, endure. 
 
 schtee~fens|[~~], stone -fence. 
 
 schteil["], style. 
 
 schtellbord|*"], board placed upright on a 
 wagon rigged for hauling manure or stones. 
 
 schtiem|["], steam. 
 
 schtiemboot[~~], steamboat. 
 
 schtille[*~], to distil. 
 
 schtimmbax[*~], ballot box. 
 
 schtoddi[*~], steady. 
 
 schtoddie[*~~], to study; to steady. 
 
 schtoor|["], store. 
 
 schtoorkipper[*~™], store-keeper. 
 
 ee a ee 
 
Pennsylvania-German Dictionary 
 
 schtoortee[~~], tea bought at a store. 
 
 schtoppe[*~], to stop (in sense of halt or desist). 
 
 schtori[*~], story. 
 
 schtrap["], strap. 
 
 schtreene[*~], to strain. 
 
 schtrikt[~], strict. 
 
 schtrippbannert[* ~~], sun-bonnet. 
 
 schussbord|[* "|, tailboard. 
 
 schuttelmetsch[*~~], shooting- match. 
 
 seibenn[~~], hog-pen. 
 
 seider|~~], czder. 
 
 seidereil["~*], stone-fence, cider with an addi- 
 tion of alcohol (eil =E oz). 
 
 seiderfass[~~~], czder barrel. 
 
 seihockelbeer[*~~~], deerberry; blue tangle, 
 dangleberry (hoghuckleberry). 
 
 seine[~~], to sign. 
 
 semli[*~], Use rey (of the State legislature). 
 
 semlimann[*~~], member of the (State) As- 
 sembly. 
 
 semmederri, simmederri[*~~~], cemetery. 
 
 sennet[*™], senate. 
 
 senneter[*~™], senator. 
 
 sesse[*~], to assess. 
 
 sesser[*™], assessor. 
 
 sessment[*~], assessment. 
 
 sent["], cent. 
 
 serkes|*~], circus. 
 
 sigeer[* “], czgar. 
 
 _sistern[*~], czstern. 
 
 sober[~~], sober. 
 
 sooke[~~], to soak. 
 
 summense[*~~], to summon. 
 
 T 
 
 taunschip[~~], township. 
 
 tende[*~], to tend, attend. 
 
 ticket[*~], ticket. 
 
 tietscher[~~], teacher. 
 
 tietschern[*~], female éeacher. 
 
 tomats|~*], tomattis[-*~], tomato. 
 
 tricksich[*~], tricky. 
 
 tricksvoll[*~], backs, (trickful). 
 
 tscha["], chew, quid. 
 
 tschacki[*™], jockey. 
 
 tschackie[*~™~], to jockey, deal in horses. 
 
 tschaduwack[~~~], chew of tobacco, chewing 
 tobacco. 
 
 tschae[~~], to chew. 
 
 tschertsche[*~], to charge. 
 
 Tscheertschi[~~], di, New Jersey. 
 
 Tschann[“], John. 
 
 tschannitschampopp["~* “], pansy, johnny- 
 jump-up. 
 
 tschans[~], chance. 
 
 tschecklein[* v check-line. 
 
 tscheel["], ja2/. 
 
 tscheine[*~], to join. 
 
 tschelli[*~], jelly. 
 
 193 
 
 tschentelmann|*~~], gentleman. 
 
 tschie["], gee. 
 
 tschieschemel[*~~], piece of ground plowed 
 by making all turns to the right (gee). 
 
 tschigger|*~], jigger. 
 
 tschodsch[~], judge. 
 
 tschoke[~~], to choke. 
 
 tschopps, tschupps[*], bei, by chubs (the fish 
 probably 
 
 Tschudes|~ “1, bei, by Judas, 
 
 Tschulei[“*], July. 
 
 tschumpe[*~], to jump. 
 
 tschuri[*~], jury. 
 
 tschurimann[*~~], juryman. 
 
 U 
 
 uffborde[* ~~], to board up. 
 uffennere[*~~~], to enter up. 
 uffjuse[* ~~], to use up. 
 
 uffkotte[*~~], to cut up (play pranks). 
 uffpicke[*~~], to pick up (convalesce). 
 unnerseine[~~*~], to underszgn. 
 
 V 
 
 verbaddere[~*~™~], to bother, confuse. 
 
 verbatsche[~ ~~], to botch. 
 
 verkamme(n)[~ oy, commonly, usually. 
 
 vermixe[~*~], to mtx up. 
 
 verschlappe[“*~], to bedraggle, soil, spill (be- 
 slop). 
 
 verschmooke[~*~], to besmoke. 
 
 verschmottere[~’~~], to smother, suffocate. 
 
 verschwappe[~*~], to swap off, trade off. 
 
 WwW 
 
 weernisch[*~], varnish. 
 
 waere[~~], to wear. 
 
 wajjebaddil*~~~], body of a wagon. 
 warmfens[*~], worm-fence. 
 wasewwer|~~~], whatever. 
 wasserpitsch[*~~], water-beech. 
 watsch[~], watch. 
 
 watsche|’™], to watch. 
 watschekett[*~™], watch-chain. 
 wecktschumpe[*~~], to jump away. 
 weckwaere[* ~~], to wear away. 
 welwet[*~], velvet. 
 
 werri[*~], very, identical: (der — mann). 
 wetterbording[*~~~], weatherboarding. 
 wipp["], whip. 
 
 wippe[*~], to whzp. 
 
 wiski[*~], whiskey. 
 
 wuewwer[ ~*~], wherever. 
 
 Z 
 zappling, sappling|*~], sapling. 
 
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