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Pastries = eesise = c= Sait oc es; pete Siete Peron ee igtateta. RTOS SER STS Pre F: pitleiyeals 5 a Ses sepeteste sate rees rach anes. ett ete rowers totes 5 Fostats laees are bere, a . st ‘ 4 pietitity oe it oer eth Tet el es rrereceverses sos + La batetelesetes os * SSS Sieertrtasseatatetr sets epi sratitetsasritbscsssesaie crteie le! Sarsisess enese tens : ssiess Forces eee eepstersaeetes ete tp tele te teteteletetaelat Sisk oksesks HE ‘SPurereher nee TES ofstet 4 periait patie reririets Fitatetertistetetess sts scars ae Serer eferee %, Sees Sits te Py 72 ieee eS reps, owas ay aehet + pererarreserersrs. Poser poeesee etree s peecess reese tet ‘es tearess: chEst 2-7 Betas KSOUMALLDN OCT 9 1925 fa a %& EW oviens seu * ; h/ 4 Digitized by the Internet Archive In 2022 with funding from Princeton Theological Seminary Library https://archive.org/details/historyofquakersOOrees THE QUAKERS IN WALES. A HISTORY OF THE Quakers in Wales AND THEIR Emigration to North America. che bo" AU Se REV. T. MARDY'‘REES, F.R.Hist.S. Author of “Notable Welshmen” (1700-1900) ; “Welsh Painters, Engravers, and Sculptors”? (1527-1911), and other volumes. coe Prize Composition at the Mold National Eisteddfod, 1923, under the adjudication of Norman Penney, Esq., F.S.A., F.R.Hisr.S., and the Rev. T. Shankland, M.A. cow CARMARTHEN: W. SPURRELL AND SON. 1925. x mar eh DEDICATION. SF THIS VOLUME IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR TO JOHN HENRY LLOYD, ESQ., EDGBASTON GROVE, BIRMINGHAM, A DE- SCENDANT OF THE WELL-KNOWN WELSH QUAKER FAMILY OF DOLOBRAN, MONTGOMERYSHIRE, AND THE DONOR OF THE EISTEDD- FOD PRIZE FOR THE BEST ‘“‘ HISTORY OF THE QUAKERS IN WALES AND THEIR EMIGRATION TO NORTH AMERICA.”’ WITHOUT HIS GENEROUS ASSISTANCE THIS WORK COULD NOT HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED. ERRATA. Dd | Dress,” not} areesiiro. Go: Elizabeth Lewis d. 1771, not 1671, p. 92. ‘“ Coednewydd,”’ not ‘‘ Coedewydd,”’ p. 130. V Lhe snot. (tue, Hines pa nag. “Rhiwlas,’’ not ‘‘ Rhiwlon,’’ p. 172. ‘Palmer, not Parmer p72, ra AS ptt aL Visi ime een “‘n,’”’ not ‘‘u,’’ in Monmouthshire M.M., p. 215. CONTENTS. PREFACE. ji Quakerism in its Welsh Setting. Its rise in 1653 and progress.— Dr. Thomas Hodgkin’s conjecture.—Quakerism a revolt against Puritanism.—Act of 1649.—Vavasor Powell.—Dr. John Owen’s sermon before Parliament.—Views on baptism, Walter Cradock, Vavasor Powell, and Morgan Llwyd.—Quaker ideal touched con- science: its ethics.—Inner Light.—Divine Immanence emphasized.— Spiritual emphasis.—Francis Gawler.—Revival of original Christian- ity.— Between 1650-1689.—Coleridge and celestial observations.— George Fox and life of holiness, his testimony against war in 1650.— Caspar Schwenkfeld.—Morgan Llwyd and Quakerism.—Gangrena.— Giles Calvert.—Richard Baxter.—William Erbury.—Wrexham.— Puritan debates.—John Myles.—Freedom from State patronage.— Tithes.—Nottingham Baptists.—Welsh Royalist bards, Huw Morris and Edward Morris.—Edward Dafydd.—Rev. T. G. Crippen’s query about Welsh Lollards and Quakers. pp. I—15. it The First Publishers of Truth in Wales.—John ap John.—Thomas and Elizabeth Holme.—Alice Birkett—Edward Edwards.—Francis Gawler.—Meredith Edwards.—Thomas Ellis—James Nayler and his Welsh followers.—George Fox and his visits to Wales.—Richard Davies, Welshpool.—Charles Lloyd, Dolobran.—Thomas Lloyd, Dolo- -bran.—Roger Prichard, Almeley.—Morgan Watkins.—David Ed- wards.—William Perkins.—John Evans. pp. 16—58 LE Sufferings, Principles, and Penal Laws.—Sufferings between 1655— 1690 in North and South Wales.—Edward Evans died at Montgomery Gaol, 1662, and Humphrey Wilson died there in 1665.—Hugh Lloyd died at Haverfordwest Gaol in 1666.—Thomas Hammond died at Montgomery Gaol, 1675.—Edward Rice died at Dolgelly Gaol, 1676.— Quaker burial in Breconshire and punishment.—Principles of Quaker- ism and chief causes of dissent: (1) Refusal to pay tithes and Church rates; (2) Refusal to swear an oath; (3) To remove hat; (4) Meeting place for worship public; (5) Witness against vice, immorality, and other sins in streets, markets, churches, and courts; (6) Marriages and burials conducted without priests; (7) Testimony against fighting and wars.—Possible to penalise Quakers under seventeen acts.— Penal Laws: (1) Plotting against the Government; (2) Blasphemy and Heresies Act, 1650; (3) Oath of Abjuration; (4) Vagrancy; (5) Travelling on the Lord’s day; (6) Disturbing ministers and refusing honour to magistrates; (7) Tithes and Ecclesiastical demands; (8) Viil, CONTENTS. Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy; (9) Non-attendance at State Church; (ro) Three Acts of Restoration period—Quaker Act of 1662, Conventicle Act of 1664, ditto 1670; (11) Finding a man for the Militia or paying towards the County Levy; (12) The Toleration Act—disabilities—Account of prosecutions of Quakers in 1736.— St. Davids Diocese.—Bishop Lloyd and Welsh Quakers.—Debate at Town Hall, Llanfyllin.—Twenty-eight syllogisms.—Richard Davies, Welshpool, and Thomas Wynne, Caerwys, at the bishop’s palace, St. Asaph.—Ordination.—Pennsylvania.—Bishop Lloyd visited by Rich- ard Davies when prisoner in the Tower of London.—Lord Herbert and the Quakers.—Refusal to grant John David a warrant.—Quakers a loving people. pp. 59—7I. LV Sufferers, Meeting Houses, Burial-places, Emigrants, in each of the Welsh counties :— t. MONMOUTHSHIRE. Sufferers.—Meetings: Pant (burial ground). Pontymoil (burial ground).—Slow.—Trosnant (burial ground).—Pen- ygarn (burial ground).—Llanwern.—Shire Newton.—Emigrants. PP: 72-79: 2. GLAMORGANSHIRE. Sufferers.—Meetings: Cardiff (burial ground Sowdrey).—Trefyrhyg (burial ground).—Quakers Yard (burial ground).—-Loughor (burial ground).—Merthyr Tydvil.—Swansea (burial ground).—Strange Quaker Story.—Neath (burial ground).— Evan Rees and the Peace Society.—Emigrants. pp. 72—105. 3. CARMARTHENSHIRE. Sufferers.—Meetings: Carmarthen (burial ground).—Penybank.—Pen Place.—New Inn, Llandovery (burial ground).—Laugharne (burial ground).—Emigrants. pp. 106—110. 4. PEMBROKESHIRE. Sufferers.—Meetings: Haverfordwest (burial ground, Mount, Portfield).—Redstone (burial ground half a mile away).—Puncheston (burial ground at Martel).—Milford (burial ground).—Emigrants. pp. 110—122. 5. CARDIGANSHIRE. Sufferers.—Meetings: Aberystwyth in 1688.— Werndriw, Llanddewi Brefi (burial ground).—Emigrants. pp. 122— 126: 6. RADNORSHIRE. Sufferers.—Meetings: Llannano (burial ground). Llanyre (burial ground).—Coednewydd Hill, near Penybont.—Pales (burial ground).—Llandrindod Wells.—Talcoed (burial ground).— Cwm.—Emigrants: Party of sixty-two who left from Carmarthen in ship William Galley in 1698. pp. 126—132. 7. BRECONSHIRE. Brecon venue of Quaker meetings.—(Burial ground, vide p. 61).—Emigrants. p. 132. 8. MONTGOMERYSHIRE. Sufferers.—Meetings: Llanwddyn.—Dolo- bran (burial ground).—Llangurig (burial ground).—Llanidloes (burial ground about four miles away).—Esgairgoch (burial ground).—Clodd- iau Cochion (burial ground).—Guilsfield.—Meifod.—Emigrants. pp. 132—146. 9. MEIRIONETHSHIRE. Sufferers.—Persecutors.—Meetings: Dol- gelley (burial ground).—Tabor.—Tyddyn-y-Garreg (burial ground).— Llwyngwril (burial ground, Bryn Tallwyn).—Penllyn, near Bala (burial ground, Hafodfadog).—Emigrants. pp. 146—166. CONTENTS. ro 10. DENBIGHSHIRE. Sufferers.—Meetings: Penycefn, Ruabon.— Trefor (burial ground, Plas Eva).—Rhuddallt (burial ground).— Wrexham.—Holt (burial ground).—Denbigh.—Emigrants. pp. 167— 173. Ir and 12. FLINTSHIRE AND CARNARVONSHIRE. Sufferers.—Caer- wys.—Emigrants. pp. 174—170. CHESHIRE, SHROPSHIRE. pp. 176—177. Burial places between 1662—I172I. p.177. Vi William Penn.—Welsh Tract.—Merion.—Radnor.—Haverford.— Gwynedd.—Holy Experiment.—Government of Pennsylvania.—Prin- ciples.—Five Welshmen sat in first Assembly.—First speaker, Thomas Wynne.—Thomas Lloyd, President and Keeper of the Great Seal.— Deputy Governors.—Three Parties: (1) Proprietor, (2) People, and (3) Non-Quaker.—David Lloyd, democratic leader.—Penn’s letter in 1710.—Thomas Lloyd and Pastorius.—Welsh Quakers and Mennon- ites.—Education.—Quakers and Revolutionary War.—Sparktown Yearly Meeting.—Case of John Roberts, Mill Creek.—Notable bene- factors—Evan Lewis, Jonathan Roberts, Cadwaladr Evans, Eli K. Price.—Medical notabilities.—Rebecca Jones.—Contributions of Wales to America.—Thomas Jefferson.—Presidents Adams, Monroe, Har- rison, Lincoln, and Garfield had Welsh blood.—Robert Morris. pp. 178—2I11. VI. Monthly, Quarterly, and Yearly Meetings for Wales.—Monmouth- shire Monthly Meeting (Extracts from Minutes).—Quarterly Meet- ings.—Echoes from Meetings.—List of Yearly Meetings (1682—1797). pp. 212—2I19. Viet Literature—Quaker writers in Wales—John Moon, Walter Jenkins (Pant), Elisha Beadles, Francis Gawler, Morgan Watkins, Thomas Lewis, Evan Jones, Bryan Sixsmith, Peter Price, Dr. Griffith Owen, James Picton, John Roberts, Joshua Williams, Thomas Williams, John Lewis, Joseph Pollard, William Penn, John Owen, Thomas. Wynne, Thomas Story, Ellis Pugh (Annerch i’r Cymru), Edward Foulke, Richard Davies (Welshpool), Catherine Phillips (nee Payton), John Griffith, Thomas Meredith, Rebecca Byrd, Thomas Prichard (Ross) Peter Price, Martha Boone, Evan Rees, Edward Evans, Edwin Price, Ann Price, Charles Redwood, Elijah Waring and Iolo Mor- gannwg, Dr. S. P. Tregelles, Anna Letitia Waring, S. M. Waring, W. Weston Young and Elizabeth Young, L. Weston Dillwyn (F.R.5.), J. E. Southall, F. J. Gibbins, H. D. Phillips, Job Roberts, Enoch Lewis, John Richter Jones, Ellis Lewis, Abel Charles Thomas. pp. 220—25I. VIIlI. Quakers and Industries in Wales.—Pontypool Iron Works.—Thomas Allgood, Japanner.—Coalbrookdale Iron Works.—Dolobran and Dol- gyn Iron Works.—Discovery by Darby.—Tin Works.—Chemical Works,—Fire-Brick.—Leather.— Neath Abbey Engineering Works.— Coal.—The Cambrian China Pottery Swansea. Nantgarw China Pottery.—Copper Trade Swansea.—Whale Fishery at Milford.— Finance.—Barclay’s Bank.—Lloyds Bank.—Swansea Bank.—Milford and Haverfordwest Bank. pp. 252—268. CONTENTS. IX. Why Quakerism declined in Wales. pp. 269—271. APPENDIX. Page No. 1. Catherine, wife of John ap John he ba Brae ols No. 2. Journal of John Player, 1753 ane a BP ark," No. 3. List of Quaker members in South Wales .. oe) a kaEsO PREFACE. cde ““The Messengers of it were entertained with scorn and derision, with Beatings, Buffetings, Stonings, Pinchings, Kickings, Dirtings, Pumpings, and all manner of abuses from the rude and ungovernable rabble: and from the Magistrates, who should have been their Defend- ers, they met with spoiling of goods, Stockings, Whippings, Imprison- ments, Banishments, and even Death itself.’’ (Preface to Besse’s Sufferings of the People called Quakers, p. iii.) ACCORDING to Carlyle: “Stern accuracy in inquiring, bold imagination in expounding .... are the two pinions on which history soars.’’ Throughout this work we have en- deavoured to keep in mind his striking dictum. How often we have been humbled, thrilled, and made glad in the course of our investigation. We met with tragedy and romance, suffering and rejoicing. Sometimes the “saving grace’’ of quiet good humour relieved the tension of strange feelings caused by the record of loss and imprisonment. For example, George Fox speaking Welsh at Scarborough. Naturally, he became at once a dearer Friend. John ap John must have taught him ‘“‘ mountain Greek,’ as someone called Welsh. The only recorded instance of Fox using the ancient language of Wales won him a convert. It was in 1666 when he was visited at Scarborough by the Bailiff's son. ‘“‘ He came to dispute, and spoke Hebrew to me, and I spoke in Welsh to him, and bid him fear God—who after became a pretty Friend.” [Fox’s Journal, edited by Norman Penney, Vol. Il., p. 106.] If Quakerism had spoken more in Welsh and less in English its decline would not have been so great in Wales. Other instances of Quaker humour were found, which are notified. One Quaker iron-master who was pressed with orders told his foreman, “‘ Frank, we want another day in the week.’ ‘“ Thou art right, another First Day,’’ was the unexpected answer. We began, thinking that the material might prove scanty, but our researches revealed that the data were abundant, and that our difficulty would be selection. The historian is apt to over-burden his work with all kinds of facts, and is unwilling to set aside even the minutest detail which he has discovered. However, in this case, we were compelled Xi. PREFACE. to observe the process of sifting, but we trust that nothing of vital importance has been left out of the record. Facts speak for themselves, and in the History of Quakers in Wales they are multitudinous. To arrange these according to the different counties has been a somewhat difficult task. We have endeavoured to consult all documents in Welsh and English bearing upon the subject, in private and public libraries, and beg to thank Friends and librarians for their readiness to assist us in our researches, especially the staff at Devonshire House; Rylands Library ; the National Library of Wales; and the Rev. J. Jenkins, M.A. (Gwulz), Librarian at the time of the Salisbury Library, University College, Cardiff. We tender sincere thanks to F. W. Gibbins, Esq., J.P., Garthmér, Neath, for the loan of important books and MSS. and for valuable personal information ; to T. A. Glenn, Esq., the author of Welsh Founders of Pennsylvania, for permission to utilize his invaluable list of Welsh Quaker Emigrants ; to the Rev. B. J. Elsmere for the loan of cuttings and other documents ; and to T. Richards, Esq., M.A., Maesteg, for several suggestions. We submit our work to the sympathetic consideration of every lover of Truth. 24 kugby Avenue, Neath, S. Wales, 1/3/1925. The Quakers in Wales. Le Quakerism in its Welsh Setting. Its rise in 1653 and Progress.