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PRESENTED BY Theological ie inven Lollege BV 4070 .C24 A5 1926 | Calvin Theological Seminary) Semi-centennial volume | a td Arh te Ale cota) i Ne J Vira RY OF PRIW ‘ oe "7 MAY 4- 1927 Lea OGICAL gen Semi-Centennial Volume Piheolocica School and Calvin College 1876—1926 PUBLISHED FOR The Semi-Centennial Committee Theological School and Calvin College Grand Rapids, Michigan 1926 SuIpjing uy ‘a8a]]}0-) UlAVE) puy jooyds jv9180]09Y T, Foreword wy To the churches which fifty years ago prayerfully founded and since faithfully maintained Theological School and Calvin College, this Semi-Centennial volume is dedicated. The book has as aim to give some account of the principles that led to the establishing of the School, to portray something of its life and influence, and to indicate the ideals which should determine its future development. Whatever credit or thanks is due for the volume, belongs to the various authors, who have all with willing- ness contributed the articles. Responsibility for the material belongs, of course, in each case to the individual writer. As we mark the sturdy growth of Theological School and Calvin College from its small beginnings in the study of a country parsonage, and as we consider the service it has been privileged to give and the excellent reputation it has acquired, we have on the occasion of its golden jubilee abundant reason for exclaiming: “What hath God wrought!’’ May our God, who has led us hitherto, safely guide Theological School and Calvin College through the dangers which it will meet in its future career, and may He cause our School to remain loyal to the Calvinistic principles to which it has been dedicated! The Semi-Centennial Committee March, 1926 Contents Page litle }Page ~ A ae TRADESMAN COMPANY ~~ "fi GRAND RAPIDS, MICH Slee 1) eo. od . oy q yy. ® ’ ai J « ua i gh ‘ ah 2 yj « " a ‘wa a ee “7 . > ie a De Oorsprong van Onze Theologische School Door Ds. J. Noordewier a ore Christelijke Gereformeerde Kerk dagteekent ! van het jaar 1857, en kwam tot stand door te- ruggekeerden uit de Reformed Church of America. Het volk dat in 1847 en later hier was gekomen had zich bij die kerk aangesloten, maar later kwamen er vele bezwaarden over de toestanden in de kerk die men eenigszins leerde kennen, en keerden terug. De eenige Leeraar die deze teruggekeerden in het begin hadden was Ds. K. van den Bosch te Noordeloos, Mich. Wel sloot zich in het voorjaar van 1857 ook Ds. G. H. Klyn bij hen aan, maar deze keerde na korten tijd weer terug. Leeraren als A. C. van Raalte, C. Vander Meulen, M. H. Ypma en S. Bolks door wie het volk naar de Reformed Church was geleid, bleven achter, maar van het volk, met Ds. Vanden Bosch, ging de actie uit. In de geschiedenis van reformaties is het niet vreemd dat ze uit het volk opkomen, endwalingen ontstaan veelal aan inrichtingen van hooger onderwijs, en het behaagt God meermalen, om bij het volk, dat van minder kennis is voorzien de voelhorens van het leven zoo te scherpen, dat zij tegen de wetenschap in moeten en de waarheid die uit God is, weer aangrijpen en tegen den stroom op moe- ten roeien, maar die dat toch wagen, als het den Heere behaagt hen te gebruiken, ofschoon later soms bijzonder blijkt, dat zij het niet zijn die het deden, maar God. “Die dit alles gebouwd heeft is God”, en Hij wil dat wij dat ook zullen weten en erkennen. De teruggekeerden beriepen nu eerst Leeraars uit het oude Vaderland, en de gemeente Graafschap verkreeg 8 OORSPRONG DER SCHOOL Ds. D. J. Vander Werp, de gecombineerde gemeenten Holland en Niekerk, Ds. DeBeer, en Grand Rapids Ds. W. H. van Leeuwen. Vriesland mocht Ds. W. H. Frie- ling ontvangen. Deze oude vaderen, als de eerste leiders der terugge- keerden, gevoelden heel spoedig dat er behoefte bestond om tot eene eigene opleiding te komen. Schrijver dezes stelt er belang in, en heeft er behagen in, om daarop vollen nadruk te leggen. Onze voortrekkers waren geen mannen die oordeelden dat er voor de be- diening des Woords geene opleiding noodig was. Al had- den de meesten hunner zelf niet veel opleiding kunnen genieten in Nederland, toch waren zi} zich wel bewust dat er behoefte aan bestond, al is het waar dat iemand met weinig of geen opleiding wel eens nuttig werken en tot zegen wezen kan. Op de Classis in de maand Februari van het jaar 1861, toen ons kerkje nog slechts vier Jaren oud was, begon men er al over te spreken. Men begon toen reeds te vragen: Daar het moeielijk is Leeraars uit Nederland te krijgen, of men niet kon beginnen met jongelingen tot den predik- dienst op te leiden, en den weg daartoe te openen? De enkele leeraars die er in dien tijd onder ons waren, waren zelf mannen uit de pioneer dagen der Afscheiding in het oude Vaderland, en waren minder of meer zelf door privaat onderwijs tot het werk opgeleid. Maar men wist bijna niet hoe het te beginnen, en het eenige wat er in het eerst werd gedaan, was, om rond te zien of er waren die aanleg en lust voor het werk hadden. wee jaren bleef die zaak nog hangende. Wij kunnen ons voorstellen dat er om gebeden werd, maar men wist niet hoe het aan te pakken. Op de classis van Juli, 1863, deed Ds. K. Vanden Bosch nog eens de vraag: Of zi} niet konden komen tot de opleid- ing van Leeraren? Zelf had hij slechts privaat onderwi]js genoten bi] Ds. Wolter Kok te Hoogeveen, Nederland, en het strekt hem tot eer, dat hij er toch voor ijverde er mee te moeten beginnen. OORSPRONG DER SCHOOL 9 Onze ouden waren niet van oordeel, dat er geene oplei- ding noodig was, om zich voor de taak te bekwamen, en geloofden dat het de roeping der kerk was, om de kerken- dienst en de scholen te onderhouden, naar den eisch van het vierde gebod: “Gedenkt den Sabbatdag dat gij dien heiligt.”’ De opleiding tot den dienst des Woords ligt niet in de eerste plaats op het terrein der wetenschap, maar op het terrein der kerk. Op de Classis bovengenoemd werd dan ook besloten dat Ds. Van Leeuwen, toen Leeraar van de gemeente Grand Rapids—nu bekend als de gemeente van Bates Street— zich met het onderwijs zou belasten, als er personen voor gevonden konden worden. Men zou al vast beginnen een fonds te verkrijgen, door voor dit doel eens per maand te collecteeren. Hier is dus de oorsprong van tweeerlei: De opleiding tot den dienst des Woords, en de kas Haw Bonis Publicis voor minvermogende studenten. In October van het jaar 1864—de kerk der terugge- keerden was toen zeven en een half jaar oud—werd Jan Schepers van Vriesland de eerste student; Ds. van Leeu- wen de eerste onderwijzer; de pastorie de eerste college- zaal, en Grand Rapids werd de Academiestad der terugge- keerden. Dit was het sobere begin onzer school. Op den 14den November, 1864, werd er met het onderwijs een begin gemaakt. In February 1861, was men er officieel over begonnen te spreken; in 1863 nog eens weer; maar het kind werd geboren den 14den November, 1864, en het was o z00 gebrekkig en klein! Ik herinner mij nu hierbij, dat ik eens een begrafenis leidde van een kindje dat twee en een halve pond woog, en dat ik bij die gelegenheid tot de ouders zeide: dat lichaampje is heel klein, maar er zit eene ziel in, en wie zal ons zeggen, hoe de Heere die ziel en dat leven tot volle ontplooing kan en zal brengen. Met onze school is dit ook zulk een geval. 10 OORSPRONG DER SCHOOL De eerste leermeester is niet lang in functie gebleven, want hij nam eene beroeping aan naar de stad Paterson, New Jersey, en in het volgende jaar werd Ds. D. J. Van- der Werp, Leeraar te Graafschap, Mich., aangewezen als de man die den jeudigen Nazireeers onderwijzen zou. Bij hem waren er nog Harm Lukas, A. Wiegmink, Tu- bergen, Z. Hameetman, en Bloemendal, maar die moesten het om verschillende redenen weer opgeven. In het voorjaar van 1867 kwam ondergeteekende met Ds. R. Duiker van Niezijl, Nederland, naar Grand Rap- ids, Mich. met het eenige levensdoel, buitenlandsch Evan- gelie-dienaar te worden. De Classis alhier vond het goed, dat hij door privaat-studie bij zijn Leeraar Ds. Duiker zou worden opgeleid. Ds. Duiker was reeds elf jaren zijn onderwijzer geweest, en zij kenden elkaar van nabij, en dit werd daarom geschikt en gepast geoordeeld. Bijna terzelfder tijd kwamen ter studie bij Ds. Vander Werp, de broeders W. Greve, L. Rietdijk en J. Stadt. Den 9den Juni, 1868 vergaderde de Commissie, door de Classis aangewezen, bestaande uit Dss. D. J. Vander Werp, W. H. Van Leeuwen, R. Duiker, W. H. Frieling, F’. Hulst die in dat jaar uit Nederland te Holland, Mich. was aangekomen, en J. Gelock, ten einde Jan Schepers te examineeren. Kerst kwam het doen van eene proefpredikatie opdat de Commissie na beoordeeling daarvan, kon overgaan tot het examen. Er werd bepaald dat het onderzoek aldus zou geschieden: Godgeleerdheid twee uur, Bijbelsche geschie- denis, Aardrijkskunde en Tijdrekenkunde dertig minu- ten, Kerkelijke en Algemeene Geschiedenis een uur, Hol- landsche taal en Uitlegkunde des Bijbels dertig minuten. Met algemeene stemmen werd de examinandus beroepbaar gesteld. Hier hebt gij dus in Jan Schepers de eerste vrucht van de opleiding onder de teruggekeerden uit de Reformed Church, en gij ziet ook de eerste examinatie en de vakken waarin geexamineerd werd. Den 17den Februari, 1869, werden de broeders J. Stadt, W. Greve, en J. Noordewier geexamineerd en tot de be- diening des Woords en der Sacramenten toegelaten. Bo- OORSPRONG DER SCHOOL 11 vengenoemde regel werd ook nu gevolgd, met dit onder- scheid, dat in het diploma van J. Noordewier staat: Stel- lige, Wederleggende en Practikale Godgeleerdheid. Naar denzelfden regel werd ook L. Rietdijk geexam- ineerd op 10 November, 1869. Bij Ds. Duiker studeerde dus J. Noordewier en bij Ds. Hulst nog voor een tijd C. Kriekaard, die later weer tot de Reformed Church terug- keerde en daar Leeraar werd. Op de Classis van Januari 1869, was evenwel besloten dat de opleiding der studenten voortaan door een Leeraar en op eene plaats zou geschie- den, en Ds. D. J. Vander Werp was de man aangewezen dit te doen. Ik wenschte wel in staat te wezen om de worstelingen in zake de opleiding van 1861-1869 u beter te kunnen schet- sen, maar ben daartoe niet in staat. Uit het bovenstaande laat het zich eenigszins verstaan wat een belachelijk be- gin het was in de oogen van de wetenschappelijke wereld, maar het zou toch beter worden. In het jaar 1869 begon Ds. D. J. Vander Werp met vier studenten: ‘I’. Vanden Bosch, EK. Vander Vries, B. Mollema, en W. Hazenberg. Het dorp Graafschap was toen de veelbeteekende plaats, de Academiestad. De Gemeente aldaar was een tamelijk groote, en bij de bediening ervan moest nu de Leeraar De Wachter redi- geeren en studenten onderwijzen. Ook reisde hij naar Oost en West om gemeenten tot openbaring te brengen. Handen vol werk dus. En wat was het salaris van den Leermeester? Zoo nu en dan eene kleine gratificatie, en dat was alles. Door al de drukte die deze waardige man had, kan en mag het ons niet verwonderen dat hij in 1871 begeerde dat een ander in zijne plaats dat werk zou doen. Maar wat zou men? Men was om finantieele redenen niet in staat eene Theologische School te kunnen hebben, en moest zoo als men het beste kon. Wel werd in 1873 het besluit genomen een docent in de talen te beroepen, maar dit werd wegens schaarschte aan geld niet uitgevoerd. Later werden toch achtereenvolgens beroepen Ds. S. Van Velzen, Ds. H. Vissink, en Ds. J. Bavinck, onder de bepaling dat de helft van het werk als Leeraar der ge- 12 OORSPRONG DER SCHOOL meente te Grand Rapids door hem moest gedaan, tot ge- deeltelijke vergoeding van het salaris, dat op $1000 werd gesteld. Op de Algemeene Vergadering van 1875 moest worden verklaard dat deze broeders, de een na den ander, hadden bedankt. Laat mij hier nog even weer ter eere van onze ouden zeggen,dat zij ook van taalstudie en -kennis niet afkeerig waren. Naar hunne schatting was ook die niet overbodig. Vooral moeten door de kerk, al is het niet ieder Leeraar gegund, de talen waarin de bijbel geschreven is, gekend worden. Neen, zi} stelden zich niet met een gemoedelijk praatje tevreden, maar hielden de waarheid vast. In 1875 werd Ds. J. Bavinck nog eens weer beroepen, maar bedankte ook weer. Nu was Ds. Vander Werp in 1872 vertrokken naar Muskegon en met hem de studenten, waaronder ook G. Broene en J. Vander Werp, maar de Leermeester werd nu ziek, en moest zijn taak neerleggen, en in zijn plaats werd nu Ds. G. E. Boer verkozen. Het zou er nu eenigszins op beginnen to gelijken dat wij een Theologische Schoo] kregen. Ds. Boer werd onze eerste docent, en de boven-verdieping van de Christelijke School aan Williams Street werd het leervertrek, en hij kon zijn taak aanvangen met zeven studenten, namelijk, G. Broene, G. Hoeksema, G. Bode, J. Vander Werp, C. Vorst, N. Douwstra, en H. Tempel. Het begon nu een weinig op een Theologische School te gelijken. De Leercursus werd gedeeld in een Literari- sche en Theologische afdeeling. De studie-tijd werd ge- steld op zes Jaren, vier in de letteren en twee in de Theolo- gie. In den eersten werd onderwezen: Nederlandsch, Latijnsch, Grieksch, en Hebreeuwsch, Algemeene Ge- schiedenis, en die van Nederland, Aardrijkskunde, Ziel- kunde, Logica en Rhetorica. In de Theologie: Dogma- tiek, Inleiding op de Dogmatiek, Hermeneutiek, Exegese, Isagogiek, Kerkgeschiedenis, Symboliek en Practische Theologie. Eerste Curatoren waren Dss. W. H. Frieling, E. L. Meinders, W. Greve, en J. Noordewier. OORSPRONG DER SCHOOL 13 Laat mij hier even resumeeren: Ontstaan onzer kerk in 1857; over opleiding begonnen te spreken in 1861. In 1864 werd Jan Schepers onze eerste student bij Ds. W. H. Van Leeuwen die later vertrok naar Paterson, en als onderwijzer fungeerde nu Ds. Vander Werp. In 1876 werd Ds. G. E. Boer onze eerste docent. Van 1864 tot 1876 hadden wij dus privaat onderwijs, maar nu was er de School. Curatoren waren er eerst niet, maar er was een Classikale Commissie, die het beheer had over de kas E. B. P., en ook van de Classis was aangesteld tot een soort Curatorium om op den gang van het onderwijs te letten en praeparatoir examen afnam. De Theologische School werd eene geincorporeerde in- stitutie in 1878 en er kwam een “Board of ‘Trustees’: Dss. W. H. Frieling, K. Vanden Bosch, en de broeders J. Ge- lock, A. Riddering, en J. W. Garveling. In 1879 werden er nog vier bi] gedaan. Zoo hadden wij eenige Jaren twee- erlei: een Board of Trustees als vertegenwoordigers bij den staat, en tevens een Curatorium dat toezicht had over het onderwijs aan de School. Sommige leden bekleedden beide functies tegelijk. Zoo hadden in 1879 bijv. zitting in Board of Trustees en in het Curatorium de Leeraren R. T. Kuiper, G. K. Hemkes, J. Kremer, G. Hoeksema, W. H. Frieling, en K. Vanden Bosch; alleen als Trustees, J. Gelock, A. Rid- dering, en J. W. Garveling. Ds. J. Noordewier was al- leen Curator. Het Curatorium deed in de eerste Jaren nog meer dan zorg te dragen voor de Theologische School. Zij ordende ook candidaat T. M. Vanden Bosch in 1879 tot Binnen- landsche Zendeling. In 1880 verkoos de Synode eene afzonderlijke com- missie voor de Binnenlandsche Zending, en werden ook regelingen gemaakt voor het bijzonder werk van _ het Curatorium en de Trustees der School. Wij gingen waarlijk met onze School en Schoolzaken vooruit. Docent G. E. Boer was wel een zeer drukke man in die dagen; en het is reeds te begrijpen dat dit meer vereischte, dan een gewoon mensch goed kon doen. H1j 14 : OORSPRONG DER SCHOOL preekte ook nog bijna iederen Zondag, en was daarboven redacteur van De Wachter. De goede man deed het zoo goed hij kon, en in 1882 werd student Gerhardus Vos hulp-docent tegen een salaris van $300.00. Ook werd er bepaald dat een theologische student van het eerste jaar eens in de zes weken mocht prediken, en de studenten van het tweede jaar en de Docent eens in de vier weken. Wij oude Curatoren hielden er niet van dat de Docenten veel preekten, maar zij moesten studeer- en en doceeren; dat was bijzonder hun werk. Ook oor- deelden wij dat studenten niet altijd moeten preeken, maar hun werk is studeeren. In het jaar 1883 werd besloten tot het beroepen van een tweeden docent, en de keuze viel op Ds. A. Brummel- kamp, Jr., predikant te Groningen, Nederland. G. Vos bleef inmiddels hulp-docent tegen een salaris van $600.00 per jaar. Bij eventueel bedanken van Ds. Brummelkamp werd het Curatorium gemachtigd om zich voor een tijd te voor- zien van een hulp-docent, en daar de beroepene bedankte, werd Ds. G. K. Hemkes, Leeraar te Vriesland, daarvoor gekozen. Hij bleef voor de gemeente preeken. Vriesland betaalde $400.00 van het salaris, en de kerk $600.00. Ds. H. Beuker van Leiden werd tot docent beroepen maar bedankte. Hierop nam het Curatorium deze be- sluiten: Het verder beroepen te staken; de Synodale Commissie te verzoeken eene Synode uit te schrijven in 1884, en deze voor te stellen, Ds. Hemkes definitief te beroepen. De Synode stelde het volgende drietal: Ds. G. K. Hemkes, Candidaat G. Vos, en Docent D. K. Wielinga van Kampen, Nederland. HKerstgenoemde werd verkozen en nam het aan. Zoo hadden wij nu twee docenten. Docent Boer gaf zeven en twintig uren les en Hemkes vier en twintig. De Synode van 1886 ging over tot het beroepen van een derden. Uit een drietal: Cand. Vos, Ds. J. Y. De Baun en J. C. Voorhis, werd eerstgenoemde verkozen. Candidaat G. Vos, die van 1883-1886 aan het Seminarie OORSPRONG DER SCHOOL 15 te Princeton, N. J. had gestudeerd, en een “scholarship” had ontvangen voor een proefschrift over den Pentateuch, nam wel de benoeming aan, maar verzocht, met het oog op het “scholarship,” een jaar uitstel, om in Duitschland de studie voort te zetten, en dit werd hem toegestaan. Door ongesteldheid was hij niet zoo voorspoedig als hij gehoopt had, en kreeg op zijn verlangen vergunning tot Sept. 1888. Stipulatien aan zijne benoeming verbonden waren: (a) De Engelsche taal te onderwijzen. (b) De hem op te dragen vakken uitsluitend in het Engelsch te doceeren. (c) In Grand Rapids of elders, des Zondags minsten een- maal in het Engelsch te prediken, indien dit kon. Er zou dus heel wat verandering aan de School komen. Inmiddels werd Ds. J. Y. DeBaun benoemd om in den cursus van 1887-88 vier uren per week onderwijs te geven in de Engelsche taal tegen belooning van $100.00. Dr. G. Vos behaalde de graad van Doctor Philosophiae. Op 4 Sept. 1888 werd de Doctor geinstalleerd, en hield daarna eene rede over: “De Vooruitzichten der Theologie in Amerika.” Zoo hadden wij dan nu drie docenten, en gingen ge- stadig vooruit. De werkzaamheden aan de School werden nu aldus geregeld: Dr. G. Vos, de Leerstellige en Exe- getische Theologie, Docent G. K. Hemkes de Historische, en Docent G. EK. Boer de Practische Theologie. Liter- arische vakken werden onderling verdeeld. Nu werd er altijd nog onderwijs gegeven in het schoolgebouw aan Williams Street. Deze localiteit was geheel onvoldoende geworden, en men moest ook in dit opzicht wel wat anders en vooruit. In Juni, 1889, werd er eene Commissie benoemd om een plan te ontwerpen in betrekking tot eene plaats en een gebouw, en dat de Synode voor te leggen. Benoemd wer- den Hon. J. W. Garveling en de Dss. J. Noordewier en aE ulst: Het jaar 1890 werd een veel beteekenend jaar voor de Theologische School. Op de Synode kwamen omtrent de plaats waar het nieuwe gebouw moest komen drie plaat- sen in aanmerking: Grand Rapids, Holland en Zeeland. 16 OORSPRONG DER SCHOOL Uit de stemming daarover bleek dat op Grand Rapids zeventig, Holland zes en twintig, en er op Zeeland twee stemmen waren uitgebracht. Grand Rapids zou dus voor ons volk de Academiestad blijven. Verder werd nu besloten dat het tot stand brengen ‘van een school gebouw in handen zou gelegd worden van de bestaande Board of Trustees. Zij had eene plaats te zoe- ken, te kiezen en aan te koopen. Zij moest zorgen voor den bouw, en ook maar weten wat het wezen moest. Zij mocht terstond wel den grond zien te krijgen, maar niet bouwen voor het benoodigde geld er voor was ontvangen, of tenminste verzekerd was. Schuld maken hield men in die dagen zooveel niet van als in onzen tijd. Het was voor ons volk dat zich drie en dertig Jaren tevoren aan de Re- formed Church had onttrokken, iets verassends, nu zoover te zijn dat wij drie docenten hadden, en dat wij nu een eigen Theologisch Schoolgebouw tot stand zouden brengen. Laat mij hier nu nog even weer zamenvatten: Ontstaan der kerk in ’t Jaar 1857. Over opleiding begonnen te spre- ken 1861. In 1864 werd Jan Schepers onze eerste student bij Ds. Van Leeuwen. In zijn plaats wordt Ds. D. J. Vander Werp nu de onderwijzer. In 1876 werd Ds. G. E. Boer onze eerste docent en was de Theologische School geboren. Tot nu toe had ons volk voor het onderwijs de honder- den dollars gegeven en dat was wel al gewoon geworden, maar nu moesten er duizenden wezen, en de acht Trustee- leden, moesten maar zien dat het een en het ander er kwam. Wij hadden met ons achten heel wat om ons hoofd. Ken weinig Dominee wezen dat ging nog, maar nu moesten wij een plaats zien te krijgen en geld zien te krij- gen en voor een nieuw gebouw zorgen, en dat Dominees. Maar wij togen aan den arbeid en waren al aanstonds zeer voorspoedig in het verkrijgen van eene plaats. Wij had- den veel steun aan wijlen L. Benjamins. Wij kregen een mooi stuk grond aan den hoek van Madison Avenue en Fifth Avenue, twee mooie loten aan Madison Avenue: en ruim drie aan Franklin Street (toen Fifth Avenue ge- heeten). Maar hoe nu het geld er voor te krijgen? Al dadelijk moest er ruin $5,000.00 wezen voor den grond OORSPRONG DER SCHOOL 17 en dan het gebouw voor eenige duizenden. En daar zaten wij dan soms over te peinzen en te spreken. Ik weet nog zeer goed, nu ik dit neerschrijf, het is nu ruim 30 jaren geleden, dat wij er met ons achten over zaten te spreken, en ik toen zeide: Ja, broeders, wij zullen iemand moeten zien te krijgen, die bij ons volk aanklopt om vrije gaven voor het gebouw. Anders kan het niet in orde komen. Dit kwam allen goed voor, en men vroeg mij of ik ook iemand daarvoor zou weten? Dit wist ik waarlijk toen evenmin als de broeders. Maar na lang praten zeide een der onzen: Kan Ds. Noordewier dat werk zelf niet doen? Nu had ik daar nimmer aan gedacht, zoo iets te kunnen of te moeten doen, maar de broeders dachten dat kon, en dat moest zoo, en drongen daarop aan. Ik raakte er mee verlegen, en zag eens van de eene naar den andere, en zuchtte tot God, en meende waarlijk: Als een onzer het moest, dan kon ik het ook zoo goed als een der broederen. En ik zeide: “Wel broeders, als gij meent dat ik dat kan en moet, dan neem ik aan, om dat deze vier zomermaanden voor pleizier te doen, onder twee voor- waarden: gij moet voor de prediking in mijne gemeente zorgen’ —1ik diende toen de gemeente Fremont—“‘en mijn kerkeraad moet het toestaan onder die bepaling.” Dit werd gretig aangenomen en het liep bij de gemeente ook los. Ik moest dus wel op reis en ging twee maanden naar het Oosten, en twee maanden naar het Westen, en gaf toen mijn verslag van den arbeid, en diende mijn ontslag bij de broeders in. Ik zeide nu weer terug te moeten keer- en tot mijn gemeente te Fremont. Maar de broeders zei- den: “Wat moeten wij dan?” En ik wist dat zelf ook niet. Maar wel wist ik dat een smid zijn ijzer moet sme- den, als het heet is. Kn wij begrepen allen dat het werk moest worden voortgezet. Nu wisten de broeders zeer wel dat ik mijn ambt als Leeraar niet op gaf voor dat collec- teerwerk. Ein men wilde mij er toch beslist voor behouden. Toen kwam de gedachte op om in overleg met de Zen- ding-Commissie mij te beroepen tot Binnenlandsch Zen- -deling, en dan tegelijkertijds het collecteerwerk voort te zetten. Zoo werd ik dan beroepen voor de collossale som van $900.00 en voor woning moest ik zelf zorgen. Nu wist ik zeer goed dat er voor mij bij deze arme belooning ook 18 OORSPRONG DER SCHOOL nog allerlei aan verbonden was, en niemand offerde er in die dagen meer aan op dan ik. Maar ik kon mij van onze schoolzaak maar niet afmaken, en moest er een lieve ge- meente voor verlaten, en mij allerlei maar getroosten. Het werk gelukte zoo voorspoedig dat het nieuwe ge- bouw in 1892 in gebruik kon worden genomen, en het volk, en vooral de professoren en studenten waren blij, en niet minder wij die er zooveel zorgen en arbeid mede had- den. Ein wat ook zeer aangenaam was: het geheel dat ons op bijna $27,000.00 kwam te staan was bijna alles betaald, en de lui zeiden: O wat hebben wij nu een mooi en groot gebouw. Wij waren rijk en weltevreden. In 1890 werd ook besloten, dat niet meer de Synode maar iedere Classis hare 'Trustee-leden en Curatoren zou verkiezen. Het onderzoek der studenten berustte bij het Curatorium en die stelde de studenten, na voldoend ex- amen, beroepbaar. Dr. G. Vos gaf algemeene voldoening, niettegenstaande dat Ds. L. J. Hulst protesteerde tegen de neiging naar het supralapsarisme van den Doctor. De jonge man deed veel werk. Hij gaf niet alleen ten minsten vijf en twintig uren les per week, maar hij schreef in dien tijd van vier jaren breede dictaten over de Dogmatiek, Inleiding op de Dogmatiek, Geschiedenis der Wijsbegeerte, Nieuw 'Tes- tamentisch Grieksch, en Idololatrie. Hij werd vereerd met eene benoeming naar het Prince- ton Seminary, maar tot algemeene blijdschap bedankte hij er voor. Voor de Synode van 1892 kwam het Curatorium in speciale zitting bijeen, en besloot de Synode voor te stel- len, een vierden docent te benoemen. Staande de. Synode werd er door eene Commissie van praeadvies een vijftal voorgesteld: Dr. N. M. Steffens van Holland, Mich., Prof. D. K. Wielenga, van Kampen, Nederland, Prof. Joh. Jaeger, van Emden, Duitschland, Ds. G. D. De- Jong, van Grand Haven, Mich. en Ds. H. Potgieter, van Ridott, Illinois. De twee eerstgenoemden werden achter- eenvolgens beroepen, maar bedankten, en daar het Cura- torium geen opdracht had de anderen te beroepen ge- beurde dit ook niet. Maar het benoemde student G. Berk- hof tot tutor,tegen eene vergoeding van $400.00 en hij ver- OORSPRONG DER SCHOOL 19 bond zich om daarvoor vijfteen uren les te geven per week. In April 1893, ontving Dr. G. Vos eene tweede roeping van Princeton. Ook nu werd hij dringend verzocht te blijven, waartoe het Curatorium speciaal saamgekomen was. Maar hij vond vrijmoedigheid het beroep aan te nemen, en kreeg eervol ontslag. Dit was op het oogen- blik een heele slag voor de School, en sommigen bezagen het zoo donker, alsof het nu met de School gedaan was. God toonde echter dat het van een mensch niet afhangt voor Zijne kerk te zorgen. De Heere kastijdt wel, maar doet dat tot ons nut en red wel weer uit. Besloten werd student Berkhof voor een jaar aan te stellen, en Ds. H. Beuker—die nu in Muskegon, Mich., Leeraar was—te beroepen als hulp-docent voor de Dog- matiek en aanverwante vakken. Doch Z. Kerw. bedank- te daarvoor. Om in den bestaanden nood te voorzien werd tijdelijk les gegeven door de Leeraren J. H. Vos, L. J. Hulst, K. Kuiper, en G. D. De Jong. | De Synode beriep in 1894 nog eens Ds. H. Beuker en ditmaal tot docent in de Leerstellige Godgeleerdheid, en voor het Literarisch Departement A. J. Rooks van de Universiteit te Ann Arbor, Mich., en Candidaat G. Berk- hof. Alle drie namen de benoemingen aan en er kwam verademing. En toch was er iets treurigs mee vermengd. Berkhof was tijdens de Synode reeds ongesteld. Op raad van den geneesheer ging hij naar New Mexico voor de ge- zondheid, maar stierf helaas den 16den November, en K. Schoolland kwam in zijne plaats aan de School. Berkhof kwam niet weer en Schoolland bleef er nu al meer dan vijf en twintig jaar. Gods wegen zijn diep en wonderbaar. De Synode van 1894 was omtrent de School eene zeer belangrijke. Wij kregen nu een Theologisch en Liter- arisch Departement en de heeren zouden voortaan toege- sproken worden als “Professor.” Er werd een series lectionum ontworpen: Professor Beuker werden veertien uren, Prof. Hemkes een en twintig, Prof. Boer dertien, Prof. Rooks een en twintig, en Prof. Schoolland negen- tien uren, per week aangewezen. W4ij hadden nu eene School met Theologische en Literarische Professoren, en een flink gebouw. The History of the Development of the Theological School The School in Parsonage and Upper Room’ The Reverend G. D. De Jong | make arrangements for cena the Semi- sare} Centennial of this institution of the Christian Reformed Church invited me to contribute an article on this subject. After having finished reading this article you will understand the meaning of this somewhat queer subject: The School in Parsonage and Upper Room. The Christian Reformed Church originated in the year 1857 when a few congregations left the Reformed Church in America. The ministers in the Christian Reformed Church in the Netherlands were loath to come to this con- tinent to help the so-called Seceders, not understanding the situation in America. This fact curtailed the possibil- ity of obtaining leaders from Holland. The question of educating their own ministers came up at the classical meeting of February, 1861, and a resolu- tion was passed to look for promising men for the minis- try. Whether this “looking for’ was done in an insuffi- ciently diligent way or whether suitable material could not be found, we do not know. Fact is that in two years noth- ing was accomplished. In July, 1863, the matter was again taken up and the Rev. W. H. Van Leeuwen consented to be the “teacher”. Another year passed by before Rev. Van Leeuwen began his instruction in Grand Rapids. J. Schepers was the only one whom he partly trained for the ministry. In this way “The School in the Parsonage”’ was started (October, 1864). (1) For further information regarding the Theol. School in the first years of its existence I refer to: (a) Gedenkboek, Vijftig-jarig Jubileum, Christelijke Ge- reformeerde Kerk, 1857-1907) (b) Een Man des Volks, Geert Egberts Boer, by Prof. G. K. Hemkes, (c) De Christeliike Gereforme erde Kerk, Zestig Jaren van Strijd en Zegen, Dr. H. Beets, 1918, (d) The Christian Reformed Church, by Dr. H. Beets, 1923. The last two works are: quoted 48%. Hb Leena rlo eb ale. HISTORY OF SEMINARY 21 In the following year the Rev. D. J. Vander Werp, pastor of Graafschap Church, was appointed to give in- struction to Harm Lucas, who did not finish his studies. Rev. Van Leeuwen accepted a call from Paterson, N. J., and John H. Schepers became a disciple of Rev. Van der Werp. With him the Messrs. W. Greve, J. Stadt and L. Rietdijk followed the “theological course” in the Parson- The Parsonage at Graafschap age. ‘I'his course was not very extensive and the time to prepare for the ministry was very short. ‘Twice a week the students received instruction in Kern or Marrow of Divinity by Rev. A. Franken. This was a compendium of a larger work of three volumes on Systematic Theology by the same author. The Marrow was a very useful book for laymen, somewhat similar to the Redelijke Godsdienst of Wm. a Brakel. Being written in the form of a catechism it was very handy, and the answers were to be committed to memory. The “students” came together “to say the lesson.” Besides instruction in “dog- matics,’ Rev. Van der Werp taught Biblical History, Geography and Chronology, General and Churh History, Exegesis, Practical Theology and Homiletics, and the rudiments of Latin, Greek and Hebrew. 22 HISTORY OF SEMINARY In 1867 the Rev. R. Duiker of Niezijl, Netherlands, became pastor of the First Church of Grand Rapids, Mich. With him arrived a promising young man, Jacob Noordewier, who desired to become a minister of the Gos- pel. The classis consented that Rev. R. Duiker train him for the ministry. In 1869 classis decided that “hence- forth the instruction to the students of theology was to be given in one place and by one man, the Rev. Van der Werp.” As there was no school- hbrary the students were allowed the use of the books of their teachers. ‘The foun- dation of a library was laid by the Rev. John Y. De Baun (1870), the first min- ister of the Lagrave Avenue Christian Reformed Church, he sending a box of Holland books “to be used by the Rev. J. Noordewier students.” Arduous was the task on the shoulders of the pioneer- professor. ‘The more so because he was to a great extent a self-made man, having been a schoolmaster before he entered the ministry in the Netherlands. By contrast, the Christian Reformed Church in the “old Country” was fortunate in having university trained men as instructors or as they were called “Docenten” in the Theological School at Kampen. Many a time the consistory of Graafschap excused the pastor from doing house-visitation “because of the in- struction to be given to the students.” In these early days the few ministers, and among them also our “pioneer-pro- fessor” had to travel a great deal to organize churches. And besides this the “teacher” was also “editor” of De . Wachter, the first church paper. HISTORY OF SEMINARY 23 The church understood quite well that one man could not do justice to his disciples and fill the place appro- priately. But the number of the congregations was small and the money, was scarce. In 1871 Mr. Wolter Hellen- thal, born in 1849 at Fillmore, Mich., who had finished five years of work at Hope College, of the Reformed Church in America, was sent to the Kampen School of the Christian Reformed Church in the Netherlands to complete his theological studies. A few weeks after his arrival in the Netherlands this young man of unusual promise died of small pox, October, 1871. Some consid- ered this a hint of divine Providence indicating that train- ing at home was the natural way of procedure in this case. Rev. Vander Werp kept on laying stress on the neces- sity of calling a man who could devote himself entirely to the instruction of the young Nazarenes. Classis decided to do so in 1873. The following ministers were called, but all declined: Docent S. Van Velsen, and the Revs. H. Vissink and J. Bavinck (father of Prof. Dr. Herman Bavinck). In the mean time (1872) Rev. Vander Werp had mov- ed to Muskegon, Mich. EK. Vander Vries, B. Mollema, T. M. Vanden Bosch, J. Vander Werp (nephew of the instructor), C. Bode (father of Dr. W. Bode, President of Grundy College), and C. Vorst, were for a longer or _ shorter period instructed at Muskegon. In 1875 a second call was extended to the Rev. J. Ba- vinck, and classis decided to locate the School at Holland, Mich. No provision was made to purchase a suitable building. Very likely it was the intention to have the in- struction take place in the study of the teacher. Rev. Ba- vinck once more declined. On account of a fatal illness (cancer), Rev. Van der Werp resigned (1875) and in the fall of this vear classis decided to transfer the students from Muskegon to Grand Rapids, Mich., to receive instruction of the Rev. Geert Egberts Boer, who had been minister of the First Church 24 HISTORY OF SEMINARY since 1873. He had already been giving private instruc- tion to G. Hoeksema, a former elder in the last congrega- tion he had served in the Netherlands. In the beginning of the next year (February 1876) the General Assembly, held at Chicago, Illinois, elected Rev. Boer as regular Docent. His installation took place March 15, 1876. The First Church, desiring to keep the School in Grand Rapids, Michigan, offered part of the parochial school on Williams Street for fifty-two dollars a year. Williams Street Christian School. This was the end of the “School in the Parsonage,” and from now on instruction was given in “The Upper Room” (from 1876-1892). For the time being this was a great im- provement, for this large hall on the second floor answered the purpose very well. The “teacher”, now called “Do- cent”, began his work with the following students: G. Broene, G. Hoeksema, C. Bode, J. Vander Werp, H. Douwstra, H. Tempel, C. Vorst. Two of the former stu- dents, KE. Vander Vries and B. Mollema, were admitted to the ministry June, 1874. HISTORY OF SEMINARY 25 From the very beginning of his arrival in this country Rev. Boer became a leader in the denomination. His zeal for missions, for christian primary instruction, for the Ds. D. J. Van Der Werp anda group of students. christian society work of the younger generation, and his advocacy of the Sunday school, brought a new life in the church. Being placed in charge of De Wachter, he was able to spread his progressive ideas. (H. B. II, 128). 26 HISTORY OF SEMINARY The salary of docent Boer was $1,000.00 with an addi- tional $300.00 for house rent. Like the pioneer-professor Vander Werp, docent Boer rendered yeoman’s service, considering the limited curriculum and the few years which each man spent at school. Their praise ought to be in our churches as long as they endure, even though it was only the period of struggling at the time, and the day of small things. (H. B. II, 129). The course of study now underwent a radical change. From now on there were two Departments, a Literary and a Theological Department. In the first Department in- struction was given in the Dutch, Latin, Greek and He- brew languages, Rhetoric, General History and the History of the Netherlands, Geography, Psychology and Logic;in the second Depart- ment: Introduction to Dog- matics, Hermeneutics, Isa- gogics, Exegesis, Church History, History of Doc- trine, Symbolies and Prac- tical Theology. In the first years students of advanced age did not study the an- cient languages. For them a four-year course was ar- ranged. The regular course consisted of four years of literary and two years of theological studies. Hon. J. W. Garvelink In July 1878 the School was incorporated as an institu- tion of learning under the laws of the State of Michigan. The first members of the Board of 'Trustees were the Revs. W. H. Frieling, and K. T. Vanden Bosch and the elders J. Gelock, A. Riddering and Hon. J. W. Garvelink. The Board of Trustees represented the school in its official relations to the state, and functioned as a body distinct HISTORY OF SEMINARY 27 from the Curatorium. The Curatorium, on the other hand, more directly represented the church in its relations to the school. As long as the instruction took place in the parsonage all the ministers were curators. After 1876 mention is made of the Curatori1um; two members of the then existing two Classes (Michigan and Illinois) and two lay members. In 1879 the General Assembly (Algemeene Vergader- ing) changed its name into “Synod.” This body in which all the congregations were represented by two delegates passed the following resolutions: 1. The Curatorium shall—supervise the instruction of the docent—examine applicants for entrance—examine the students and decide whether these can be promoted or can be declared eligible for the ministry. They had to do this according to their best knowledge and conscience (naar bevind van zaken, overeenkomstig hun beste weten en geweten). 2. The Trustees shall handle the financial affairs of the School and buy books for the library. 3. No one is allowed to be enrolled as a student unless admitted by the Curatorium. From these resolutions it is evident that the “fathers” of 1880 intended to establish a theological seminary, pure and simple. Men were to be trained for the ministry. Although Docent Boer was overburdened, the consis- tory of the First Church of Grand Rapids requested Curatorium to give him permission to preach one time every Sunday. The ground for this request was: “Our large congregation is vacant and we pay much for the School.” Although not in favor of it, Curatorium granted the request. In 1880 some of the students, desiring to learn the Eng- lish language, asked permission to leave the School for a year. After a long discussion Curatorium considered it- self not competent to decide, but was of the opinion that such a weighty question should be decided by Synod, and furthermore that such a step would not be without danger 28 HISTORY OF SEMINARY for the students. In this case there was certainly lack of progressiveness. And yet the decision may be vindicated. Whether it was by intuition or by reasoning, we shall not say, but in these years it was safe to follow the saying of the statesman Groen van Prinsterer: “in ons isolement ligt onze kracht.” If the finances had been in a better condition the Synod of 1882 would have called a second docent. It was de- cided to call Geerhardus Vos, a theological student at that time, as assistant-docent. His salary was $300.00. The following year the Rev. A. Brummelkamp of Groningen, Netherlands, was called, but he declined. Geerhardus Vos, who had now finished his theological course and to whom the call as assistant-docent was once more extended also declined and took up the study of theology in Princeton Seminary (1883-1886). Curatorium now made an agree- ment with the consistory of Vriesland, Mich., to give its pastor, the Rev. G. K. Hemkes, leave of absence for a year, with the following stipulations: Curatorium would see to it that the church at Vriesland had preaching every Sunday; Vriesland had to pay $400.00 and the School $600.00 toward the salary of Rev. Hemkes. The following year (1884) Synod elected the Rev. Hemkes as regular Docent. The two docenten were kept busy from morning till night, Docent Boer having twenty-seven hours and Docent Hemkes twenty-four hours per week. The Synod of 1886 decided to call a third professor, who was to teach the English language and to use this Jan- guage in the classroom exclusively. Candidate G. Vos was chosen and accepted the call. Having received a scholar- ship for writing a book on “The Mosaic Origin of the Pentateuch” (a very scholarly work, highly praised by the late Prof. W. H. Green of Princeton) Mr. Vos was given permission to go to Germany for two years, where he studied at Berlin and received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Strassburg. His installa- tion took place September 4, 1888. Dr. Vos occupied the chair of Didactic and Exegetical Theology, Docent Hemkes the chair of Historical Theology and Ethics, and Docent Boer the chair of Practical Theology. The branch- HISTORY OF SEMINARY 29 es in the Literary Department were equally divided, and one year was added to the theological course. Dr. Vos served the Theological School as professor from 1888 till 1893, an altogether too brief period, but one of great value to the institution. His work not only brought the Hinglish language to prominence in the School, but par- ticularly broadened, enlivened, and deepened the courses of instruction. ‘hose who were fortunate enough to sit at his feet ever will be grateful to this splendid scholar. Princeton Seminary had established the chair for Bibli- cal Theology, very likely to offset the influence of Dr. C. A. Briggs, who occupied this chair in Union Seminary, New York. The Trustees considered Dr. Vos of our School the most capable man to take this newly established chair and called him. (1892). Dr. Vos declined the call to Princeton. The School re- joiced and the church at large thanked God. And not only to lessen the burden of the three professors but also to show due appreciation for the decision of Dr. Vos, Synod of 1892 decided to call a fourth professor. To complete the first part of my article two items should be added. First, a list of the graduates of the School in the Parsonage and the Upper Room; secondly, the series lectionwm in 1892. List of the Graduates. Ingscs-) Js ochepers, 1837-1902. In 1869: W. Greve, 1836-1906; J. Stadt, 1828-1900; J. Noor- dewier, 1839-, pastor emeritus 1912; L. Rietdijk, 1842-1889. In 1874: E. Vander Vries, 1845-1923, minister till 1907; B. Mollema, minister till 1888, joined the Reformed Church of America. In 1877: G. Broene, 1838-1919, pastor emeritus 1904; G. Hoeksema, 1842-1902. In 1879: C. Bode, 1843-1917; T. Vanden Bosch, minister till 1894, joined the R. C. A. In 1880: H. Douwstra, minister till 1893; joined the R. C. A. In 1881: H. Bode, 1845-1900; H. Tempel, 1854-1888; P. Schut, 1851-, pastor emeritus since 1903. In 1882: J. Post, 1851-, spiritual advisor of the Christian Psychopathic Hospital at Cutlerville since 1920. 30 HISTORY OF SEMINARY In 1883: E. Broene, 1840-1911, pastor emeritus since 1907; R. Drukker, 1842-1912, pastor emeritus since 1901; P. Ekster, 1855-1918; G. Vos, 1862-, Prof. of Biblical Theology, Princeton, N. J. In 1884: J. Gulker, 1855-, pastor emeritus since 1925; P. Kosten, 1845-, pastor emeritus since 1912; J. Rie- mersma, 1860-, minister till 1900; J. Vander Werp, 1853-, minister till 1914, joined the Bereer Reformed Church; F. Welandt. 1850-, pastor emeritus since 1923 In 1885: W. Heyns, 1856- Professor of Practical Theology at the Theological School, Grand Rapids, Mich. In 1886: G. D. De Jong, 1864, pastor emeritus since 1925; H. Huisingh, 1846-1915; A. Keizer, 1857-, pastor emeritus since 1925; M. J. Marcusse, 1862-1913; O. Stuit, 1850-1888. In 1887: J. B. Hoekstra, 1855-, pastor at Midland Park, N. J. M. Van Vessem, 1866-, pastor at Zeeland, Mich. In 1888: A. W. Meyer, 1852-, pastor emeritus 1918; J. N. Trompen, 1860-, minister till 1907, joined the Con- gregational Church. E. Vanden Berge, 1855-, min- ister, till A911 vyoined the; Wn C.2 Ae ee ey eevee 1859-1918. In 1889: E. Breen, 1863-1920; J. Manni, 1859-, spiritual ad- viser of the Christian Psychopathic Hospital at Cut- lerville, Mich. since 1925. In 1890: J. De Vries, 1862-1920, minister till 1903; A. J. Vanden Heuvel, minister till 1904, joined the R. C. A.; J. Wijngaarden, 1865-, minister at Walker, Mich. In 1891: G. A. De Haan, 1862-1895; J. Groen, 1865-1924. In 1892: Th. L. De Lange, 1860-; minister till 1906, joined the R. C. A.; S. Koster, 1868, minister till 1896, joined the R. C. A. Some of the students who were instructed in the Par- sonage and in the first years in the Upper Room had had some experience as office bearers of the church. In these years they were not considered too old to prepare them- selves for the ministry. Having in view the practical training of the future min- isters, a seven year course was offered: four years in the literary and three years in the Theological Department. The branches in the Literary Department were: One year of Geography, Roman and Greek Antiquities and Mythology. Two years of Rhetoric and Elocution, American and Dutch History, History of Philosophy, Logic, Psychology and Hebrew. Three years of General History and German Language. Four years of Dutch, English, Latin, Greek languages. HISTORY OF SEMINARY 31 The branches in the Theological Department were: One year of Biblical History, Geography and Antiquities, Natural Theology, Hermeneutics, Introduction to Dogmatics, Textcriticism, New Testament Greek, Practical Theology. Two years of Symbolics, History of Religions, History of Doctrines and Ethics. Three years of Dogmatics, Exegesis, Isagogics, Church His- tory and Homiletics. Theological School and Calvin College, Corner of Madison Avenue and Franklin Street, now owned by the Grand Rapids Christian High School Association. The Theological Seminary from 1892 to the Present. The Upper Room on Williams Street did not give suf- ficient room for three professors. The Trustees appointed a committee in 1889, which reported to the Synod of the following year that the church should provide for a more suitable building. The question was asked where to build. Of the delegates 70 voted for Grand Rapids, Michigan, 26 for Holland, Michigan, and two for Zeeland, Michigan 32 HISTORY OF SEMINARY (Synodical Acts, 1899, art. 33). The Rev. J. Noordewier had accepted a call as Home Missionary and was appoint- ed to solicit funds in the meantime. This veteran of min- isters performed in both capacities, but especially for the School work, of inestimable value. ‘Traveling from East to West he visited all the congregations, and people were willing to give donations for the erecting of a building for the School. In September 1892 the School was dedicated, incumbered by a mortgage of only $5,300.00, which was paid on the twenty-fifth anniversary, March 15, 1901. The Synod of 1892 decided to call a fourth professor. Dr. G. Vos advised Curatorium to petition Synod to call a man for Systematic Theology, leaving the Kxegetical branches to him. Prof. N. M. Steffens of Holland, Mich- igan was called by an almost unanimous vote. He declined, and a call was extended to the Rev. Prof. D. K. Wielenga of Kampen, Netherlands. He also declined. Curatorium now appointed Mr. G. Berkhof, a theological student (brother to Prof. L. Berkhof), as tutor. The agreement was to teach fifteen hours a week at a salary of four hun- dred dollars. In April, 1893, Dr. G. Vos received a second call from Princeton Seminary to occupy the chair of Biblical The- ology. (In the meantime the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity had been conferred on Prof. Vos). Although the Curatorium made all possible efforts to keep the tal- ented and much beloved young professor, Dr. Vos did not see his way clear to stay and became a co-worker with his former professors. By his departure the Faculty was reduced to two professors and one tutor. And the Synod had decided to have four regular professors! .As the Synod was to meet the following year, Curatorium ap- pointed Mr. G. Berkhof for another year and engaged the Revs. J. H. Vos, L. J. Hulst, K. Kuiper and G. D. De Jong to give respectively three, three, four, and nine hours of instruction per week. The Synod of 1894 called the Rev. H. Beuker of Mus- kegon, Michigan, to the chair of Systematic Theology. And instead of a fourth professor of theology, Synod de- cided to appoint two instructors, Mr. A. J. Rooks (the HISTORY OF SEMINARY 33 present Dean of the College) and Mr. G. Berkhof, then a candidate for the ministry, exclusively for the literary branches. Synod made this change in its plans on account of a reso- lution, passed on the overture of Classis Iowa, to admit to the literary department of the Theological School also those that did not study for the ministry. By this decision the first step was made toward changing the literary de- partment, which was essential as preparation for the study of Theology, into an academy or high school. We shall touch briefly on the further development. In another con- tribution more will be found about this very important matter. (Cf. Syn. Acts, 1894, Artt. 48, 95, 96, 99, 100). All three men accepted the appointments, and began their work in September, 1894, except Mr. G. Berkhof. On account of ill health he had left for New Mexico, where the Lord took this young promising man to Himself on the 16th day of November. In his place Mr. K. School- land was engaged. The salary of each instructor was set at eight hundred dollars a year. In the schedule of reci- tations, Prof. H. Beuker was assigned fourteen hours, Prof. G. K. Hemkes twenty-one hours, Prof. G. EK. Boer thirteen hours, Instructor A. J. Rooks twenty-one hours, and Instructor K. Schoolland nineteen hours. Henceforth the instructors in the Literary Department as well as the docenten in the Theological Department were addressed as “professor.” The first catalogue of the school was issued in 1896. In this catalogue the institu- tion is called “Theological Seminary.” The “Faculty of Instruction” is given as follows: Lirrerary DEPARTMENT. Rev. G. E. Boer, Professor of History, Logic and Psychology Rev. G. K. Hemkes, Professor of Greek and Hebrew Languages and Literature. Rev. H. Beuker. In charge of Biblical Instruction. A. J. Rooks, A.B. Assistant Professor of English and Ger- man Languages and Literature, and American History. In charge of Geography and Greek. K. Schoolland. Assistant Professor of Holland and Latin Languages and Literature. 34 HISTORY OF SEMINARY THEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. Rev. G. E. Boer. Professor of Hermeneutics, Biblical His- tory and Natural Theology. Rev. G. K. Hemkes. Professor of Biblical Languages and Literature, Church History and Christian Ethics. Rev. H. Beuker. Professor of Systematic and Practical Theology. In previous years the curators had been the examiners of the students. In placing the Literary Department on a more scientific basis, it was found more expedient that the students be examined by the professors under super- vision of the Curatorium. In 1898 this was made a rule. On account of the change made in the Literary Depart- ment in 1894 the number of students increased remark- ably. In 1898 Synod was urged to establish a college in connection with this department. (Syn. Acts, Artt. 42, 72, 76). As long as the Preparatory Department was entirely or mainly, a preparation for the study of theology, there was no difficulty in raising funds for the support of the institution. Synod assessed, and the congregations paid without any complaint. But now the question arose: Is the church obliged to establish a college, does it have a right to do so and raise the assessment by adding new branches to the curriculum and consequently more pro- fessors? Some said it is altogether outside of and beyond the domain of the church to give instruction (there were even some who denied the church the right to maintain a strictly theological school for the education of its min- isters). Others were of the opinion that although Holy Writ does not command the church to give or to provide for preparatory instruction to its future ministers, the Bible does not forbid the church to do what she deems nec- essary for her well-being in the present circumstances. For years to come the question was to agitate the minds of the people. And even at the present day there are some that are not satisfied with the stand the church has taken, that of assessing the whole church to defray the expenses of the School both College and Theological Seminary. The church did not deem it advisable to transfer the instruction (preparatory) to a society, but was willing to give very material assistance. Time, however, did not HISTORY OF SEMINARY 35 seem ripe for taking further steps and by mutual agree- ment of Curatorium and the Trustees of the proposed college it was decided to ask Synod of 1900 to add one year to the Literary Department, the first four years the equivalent of an accredited academy or high school, and a fifth year for future students of theology (Syn. Acts, 1900, Artt. 39, VII). Synod agreed to do this and the University of Michigan placed the Literary Department on the list of the accredited or diploma schools (1902). Prof. H. Beuker, on whom Westminster College of the United Presbyterian Church had conferred the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1897, was called home, May 18, 1900. He had proved to be a man of God, not only in the Netherlands, where he held prominent pastorates, and oc- cupied a leading place in the councils of the Christian Re- formed Church, but here also. The school loved him and honored him as a father in Christ. The Synod of 1900 (Acts, artt. 47, 109) elected the Rev. F. M. Ten Hoor, pastor of Oakdale Park Christian Reformed Church, for a six year term. The salaries of Professors Rooks and Schoolland were raised to nine hundred dollars. In order to be accepted as | a diploma school by the Uni- versity of Michigan it was necessary to add_ branches which are needed for college and university entrance and for obtaining various teach- ers’ certificates. Consequent- ly Synod instructed Cura- torium to appoint two new professors. Prof. J. G. Van den Bosch, a relative of the late Rev. K. Van den Bosch, and. Prof. B: K. Kuiper, son of the Rev. K. Kuiper of Roseland, Illinois, were appointed (Syn. Acts, 1900, artt. 39, VII, a-c). They : Rev. F M. Ten Hoor, accepted and began teach- Professor Emeritus of Dogmatics ing in September, 1900. Prof. A. J. Rooks was ap- 36 HISTORY OF SEMINARY pointed principal of the academy. ‘The catalogue or an- nual for 1902-1903 evidences the fact that women had been admitted to the academy. In 1902 a great change took place in the faculty of the School. Although fully appreciating the many services rendered to the church and the School by Professors Boer and Hemkes, Curatorium made in its report to Synod the following recommendations: (a) To confine the work of Prof. Boer to taking care of the Library and the Archives. (b) To lessen the work of Prof. Hemkes. (c) To elect two professors, one for Exegetical and one for Practical Theology. Synod elected for the first chair Roelof Janssen, Ph.D. of Halle, Germany. As Dr. Janssen was practically un- known to the delegates of Synod, and as he was a Doc- tor of Philosophy and not of Theology, it was decided to call him for two years at an annual salary of one thou- sand dollars. He accepted. The Rev. B. Wielenga, D.D., of Arnhem, Nether- lands, who was called for the second chair, declined, and his alternate, the Rev. W. Heyns of Chicago, Llinois (elected for six years) ac- cepted and was duly install- ed as professor of theology. Dr. R. Janssen. Dr. Janssen, who arrived the latter part of September, was not publicly installed. In March, 1904, the esteemed and beloved professor- emeritus Rev. G. K. Boer departed this life. Prof. Boer had rendered yeoman’s service. In ripe old age he entered into the rest that remaineth for the people of God. Not all the curators were in favor of a reappointment of Dr. Janssen, Curatorium therefore recommended him in 1904 for a two-year appointment as “lector.” At the HISTORY OF SEMINARY 37 end of these two years Curatorium was fully convinced that Dr. Janssen’s teaching was not desirable. There was an unmistakable leaning toward Higher Criticism. The views of Dr. Janssen later (in the years 1914-1920) be- came more evident. Curatorium did not send a recom- mendation to the Synod of 1906, only calling attention to the fact that his time had expired. In this connection we should also mention the differ- ence of opinion between Prof. Ten Hoor and Prof. Jans- sen as to the relation of the church to the Theological School and to Theology. Prof. Ten Hoor was fully con- vineed that the church has authority over the Theological School and its theological instruction and that God is the object of Theology. Dr. Janssen declared he was not yet in a position to give a definite answer to these questions. Curatorium was not unanimous and _ there- fore did not express itself definitely. It, however, passed a resolution by which Prof. Ten Hoor was given leave to teach according to his principles. Rev. L. J. Hulst handed in his protest against Curatorium for not taking the side of Prof. Ten Hoor and Synod appointed a committee to report regarding this matter at the Synod of 1908 (Syn. Acts, 1906, art. 62, V i. 2; Acts of 1908, art. 27). In regard to the Theological School, Synod of 1906 passed the following resolutions: (a) To instruct Curatorium to raise the salaries of the Pro- fessors in Theology to fourteen hundred dollars and to raise the salaries of the Professors in the Literary De- partment not to exceed eleven hundred dollars. (b) To add one year to the Literary Department, thus mak- ing a total in this department of six years. Of these six, the first four remained, as previously, the Academy; the last two formed a junior college which received the name John Calvin Junior College. Students who intended to take up Theology were now required to take a six year literary course. Synod of 1906 re-elected Prof. Ten Hoor ad vitam. As Curatorium had expressed its opinion regarding Dr. Janssen, neither the pre-advisory committee nor Synod placed his name in nomination and the Rev. L. Berkhof, B.D. (Princeton) then pastor of Oakdale Park Christian 38 HISTORY OF SEMINARY Reformed Church, was elected to occupy the chair of Exegetical Theology. (Acts, art. 62, 1V,c.). Prof. Berk- hof was elected ad vitam. The catalogues for 1906-1907 and the following year announce themselves as the “Yearbook of John Calvin Junior-College and Theological School,” and state: “Ac- cording to the constitution all instruction given must be in harmony with ‘Reformed Principles. The various branches of study, therefore, are considered from the standpoint of faith and in the light of Calvinism as a life- and world-view. Herein lies the distinctive character of our College.” The Annual] for 1908-’09 speaks of “Calvin College,” the Synod of 1908 having determined to take steps looking toward the establishment of a four-year college course by 1910. This was at last obtained when in September, 1917, a splendid structure could be dedi- cated on the twelve-acre campus in the Southeastern part of Grand Rapids. The Yearbook of 1923 gives a College faculty of twenty, headed by the Rev. J. J. Hiemenga, A.M., B.D., as president. In another contribution more will be found about the College. (See Syn. Acts, 1908, artt. 24, b. and 1910 artt. 51, 56). In 1908 a change again took place in the theological faculty. Prof. G. K. Hemkes became professor-emeritus and the Rev. G. D. De Jong of South Olive, Michigan was chosen in his place as Professor of Historical Theol- ogy for six years. Prof. W. Heyns was re-elected ad vitam. (Syn. Acts of 1908, artt. 17, 18, 45). (1) Realizing that Reverend G. D. De Jong could not well be asked to write the complete history of the six years of his own term as Professor, the Edi- torial Committee of the semi-centennial volume requested the Reverend William Heyns, Professor of Practical Theology at the Seminary to contribute the his-~ tory of the School from 1908 to 1914. Of this article, therefore, that- part which deals with this period of six years is from the pen of Professor Heyns. The Editorial Committee adds the following: In 1914 Curatorium had to report to Synod regarding the professorship oft Rev. G. D. De Jong, he having been elected in 1908 for six years. Without having given any reason for being dissatisfied with his instruction, it informed Prof. De Jong that it did not intend to recommend him for re-election. Cura- torium advised him to hand in his resignation. But Prof. De Jong did not care to take upon himself this responsibility, and therefore felt inclined not to follow the advice; the more so, because a resignation when a term is expirea seemed to him an absurdity. He left it to the decision of the Synod to honor him with a re-election or to choose some one else in his place. Synod was not altogether satisfied with the manner in which Curatorium had acted in this case and discussed this matter in ‘‘closed session.’’ This explains the brevity of art. 36 in the Syn. Acts of 1914. Out of three nominated, Dr. S. Volbeda ba chosen, he receiving forty votes, thirty-two votes were cast for Prof. e Jong. The editor of The Banner (No, 1491, September 11, 1925) made this appre- ciative comment: ‘‘We have had occasion to study some of the textbooks which Rev. De Jong prepared during his professorate and he certainly displayed a scholarship and an assiduity that should have entitled him to far more ap- preciation than he received.” HISTORY OF SEMINARY 39 At this Synod the committee appointed in re the protest of the Rev. L. J. Hulst handed in its report. The pre- advisory committee advised Synod to answer two ques- tions of Prof. Ten Hoor affirmatively; namely: Is God the object of Theology, and: Has the Church authority over the Theological School and its theological instruc- tion. After a lengthy discussion Synod resolved to submit this matter to the consistories. The following Synod received not less than fifteen overtures, pro and con, Acts, 1910, p. p. 34-37. Synod was of the opinion “that our Church also in the future should provide for the education of its future ministers, and that therefore our Theological School, which is (as generally accepted) the property of the Church for which she is entirely responsible, also in the future will be sup- ported and governed by the Church, as regards the theo- logical training.” Hereby Synod declared to accept the actual condition that the Church had established and was supporting the Theological School, but did not express itself regarding the principles involved. Opinions as to these principles differed and do differ still. Prof. Ten Hoor was not satisfied and kindly requested reply to the question: Does Synod by the passed resolu- tion mean to deny that the education of its ministry be- longs to the domain of the Church. Synod replied neg- atively. As was previously stated, the Synod of 1900 had passed a resolution to elect the Theological Professors for a term of six years. In 1906 this resolution was set aside, and Curatorium was instructed to draw up some articles expressing the requirements of the Professors of Theol- ogy. In 1908 Curatorium was not ready to report and Synod decided to call the Rev. G. D. De Jong for a term of six years. The Synod of 1910 accepted the report of Curatorium as to the requirements of the Professors of Theology and resolved “these regulations pertain not only to the Professors who may be elected in the future, but also to those that are at present connected with the school.” Syn. Acts, page 45. This resolution could refer only to Prof. De Jong, for the other three Professors of Theol- 40 HISTORY OF SEMINARY ogy were elected ad vitam, and meant, if anything, that the election for six years in 1908 was changed into an election for life, provided Prof. De Jong, just as well as the other Professors of Theology, lived up to the proposed requirements. The Curatorium and the Synod of 1914 did not seem to be of this opinion. The procedure of electing a profes- sor was also different from the usual way. Instead of ex- pressing itself in favor or against a re-election of Prof. De Jong, Synod made a nomination of three. The Rev. M. Van Vessem protested against the actions of Curatorium and Synod. Rev. De Jong’s experience is somewhat sim- ilar to that of the late Prof. A. Steketee of the Theo- logical School of Kampen. And there is also a similar- ity in the conduct of both. They have accepted the situation submissively. Af- ter having served two con- gregations, Leighton, Lowa, 1914-1920, and Highland, Indiana, 1920-1925, Rev. De Jong has become pas- tor-emeritus. E’rom more than one fact it is evident that his interest in and his love for the church, that he had the privilege to serve in different ways for almost forty years, is un- Rev. G. D. De Jong diminished. The Synod of 1912 raised the salaries of the professors of Theology to sixteen hundred dollars. The salaries of the other professors and instructors were also raised, and the assessment was fixed at one dollar per family, this being forty cents higher than in previous years. In 1912 the Faculty received an invitation to attend the Centennial Celebration of the Theological Seminary of Princeton, New Jersey. Prof. L. Berkhof was appointed to represent our school. In his report the Professor made HISTORY OF SEMINARY 41 mention also of the fact that the Faculty of the Princeton Seminary considered the students of the Theological School of Grand Rapids as some of the best that follow a post-graduate course in theology at the Seminary. The Faculty was greatly pleased with this acknowledgement and was also thankful for the generous offer extended to the students of our Theological School, to take a post- graduate course without any investigation, the emolu- ments being: free tuiton, free room in the dormitory and one hundred and fifty dollars for expenses. Since the College was nearing its completion, it was deemed necessary to strengthen the Theological Faculty. Curatorium recommended in its report to the Synod of 1914 to elect a fifth professor, and called attention to Dr. W. Bode, Dr. R. Janssen and Dr. S. Volbeda. Dr. Jans- sen had spent two years (1906-1908) in Europe and the Free University of Amsterdam had conferred on him the degree of Doctorandus of Theology. Some of the dele- gates knew the history of ten years ago, but statements like these: “Dr. Janssen longs to serve the church in which he is born”; “Dr. Janssen has learned a great deal since 1906’—were conducive to lessen the apprehension, and Dr. Janssen was elected by a sizeable majority. In September, 1914, the chairs of Dogmatics, of the New Testament, of the Old Testament, of Church History and of Practical Theology were occupied by Professors Ten Hoor, L. Berkhof, R. Janssen, S. Volbeda and W. Heyns respectively. Prof. Dr. S. Volbeda was elected in the place of Prof. G. D. De Jong. The number of students increased every year. Conse- quently, the building on Franklin Street became too small. This building was erected for a strictly theological school, not to accommodate a college and a theological seminary. The Synod of 1914 empowered Curatorium to hire or buy suitable property in the neighborhood of the school, and to build a dormitory on the twelve-acre campus, a dona- tion of the Board of Commerce of Grand Rapids. But— as the question whether the church should establish a col- lege was not as yet decided—Synod did not give its fiat to build a new school. (Syn. Acts, art. 39, 4). Curatorium, however, had made preparations to build, 42 HISTORY OF SEMINARY and the Synod of 1916 found the foundation laid of a building that was to cost approximately $150,000. A\|- though not approving of this action, Synod ratified it, be- cause circumstances had changed materially, the number of students was steadily increasing, and a large amount of money was promised for the new school building. (Syn. Acts, pag. 13, 65, 66. Report of Curatorium, 1916). The Synod of 1916 passed the following resolutions (Acts, artt. 20, 33) : (a) To distinguish more sharply between seminary, college and preparatory school in calling and remunerating pro- fessors and instructors, and to change the manner of ex- aminations accordingly. (b) To raise the salaries of the Professors of Theology to seventeen hundred dollars, and to raise the assessment to one dollar and twenty-five cents per family. (c) To empower Curatorium to sell the school building on Madison Avenue. The Synod of 1918 passed the following resolutions (Atcts#arthro2.a000 (a) To fix the assessment at a dollar and seventy-five cents per family and to raise the salaries. The following amounts were fixed: Instructors were to receive from twelve hundred to eighteen hundred dollars; College Professors from eighteen hundred to twenty-five hundred dollars; Seminary Professors, twenty-five hundred dollars. (b) To instruct Curatorium to call a College President. (c) Synod also revised the Rules and Regulations of the Curatorium, amended in 1920 (Acts, art. 29, 6). The problem resulting from the three divisions of the School was partly solved at the Synod of 1920. In Grand Rapids a Christian High School Association had in the meantime been organized. The students of the Prepara- tory School or Academy could be easily transferred to this new institution, and in order to avoid duplication Synod decided to discontinue the Preparatory School (including the first four years of the Seminary Preparatory Course), to take effect completely in 1924. Justice was to be given to the students already enrolled, therefore four years were taken to accomplish a complete separation of the Prepara- tory School or Academy from the College. Curatorium HISTORY OF SEMINARY 43 was also authorized to sell the property on Madison Avenue to the new Christian High School Association for $20,000. Synod of 1920 also received four overtures requesting a more or less radical separation of College and Seminary. Synod was of the opinion that in the present circumstances it was not advisable to make further changes. As yet College and Seminary are supported and governed by the church. Time will tell whether there will be organized a society able to take upon itself the responsibility of main- taining a college worthy of the name. 1920 was a remarkably prosperous year. The expres- sion “high cost of living’ had become proverbial. Synod resolved to raise the salaries of the professors in college and seminary to such an extent that the assessment was raised to three and one-half dollars per family (Acts, artt. 28, 29, 36, 42). On account of the Janssen-controversy the Theological Faculty consisted for three years (1921-’24) of four mem- bers, to-wit: Professors F. M. Ten Hoor, W. Heyns, L. Berkhof and S. Volbeda. They were assisted by the Rev. Dr. Y. P. De Jong and Prof. R. Stob, candidate for the ministry and Professor of Greek in the College. (Syn. Acts 1922. Report of Curatorium p. 165, Report of Curatorium, Syn. Acts, p. 251). The Synod of 1924 completed the Theological Faculty by electing the Rev. Clarence Bouma, D.D. to the chair of Dogmatics, succeeding Prof. Ten Hoor, and the Rev. Martin J. Wijngaarden Ph.D. to the chair of Old Testa- ment Exegesis, succeeding Prof. Janssen. In its report to Synod Curatorium made the following statement (Syn. Acts, p. 258). “It was decided to bring to the attention of your Honorable Body the time of Prof. Ten Hoor’s retirement from active service at our School, seeing he reaches the age of retirement in February, 1925. If Synod decides that Prof. Ten Hoor shall continue to teach throughout the school year, he becomes Rector for the year 1924-25; if not, then Prof. Heyns is to be Rector for that year.” Prof. Ten Hoor requested Synod to de- clare him professor-emeritus, which request was granted. (Syn. Acts, artt. 89, 97). Present Faculty of the Seminary Prof. Louis Berkhof, B.D. Prof. Samuel Volbeda, Th.D. r Prof. William Heyns s Prof. Clarence Bouma, Prof. Martin Wyngaarden, A.M., Th.D. B.D., Ph.D. HISTORY OF SEMINARY 45 I may add some remarks on the historic “Janssen Con- troversy.”’ The Synod of 1914 did not deem it necessary to investi- gate whether Dr. R. Janssen had changed some of his views. It was taken for granted “that he had learned a great deal.” Did this mean he was convinced of the erron- eousness of former conceptions? The four other theological professors felt constrained to request Curatorium to investigate as to the soundness of the instruction of their colleague (June, 1919). Cura- torium replied: “The Board of Trustees* express its disapproval of the fact that the four professors come with this document to the Board before having personally con- ferred with Prof. Janssen on these matters.” In June, 1920, the four professors notified Curatorium that they would take the case to Synod. They agreed, however, to have the case discussed once more at the meet- ing of the Curators. Result was that Curatorium resolved (Acts of 1920, p. 79): Na grondig onderzoek spreekt het Curatorium uit: (a) Dat het Curatorium voldaan is met Dr. Janssen’s verklar- ing omtrent zijne beschouwing van de Inspiratie der Hei- lige Schrift ; (b) Dat het Curatorium vertrouwt dat de bezwaren en de ongerustheid der vier professoren zullen verdwijnen door broederlijke samenspreking ; (c) Dat Dr. Janssen zich beijvere te vermijden wat aanleiding zou kunnen geven tot misverstand en zich zoo duidelijk uitspreke in zijn onderwijs, dat misvatting uitgesloten is. Not being satisfied with the decision of Curatorium the four professors gave notice that they would request Synod to investigate as to the soundness of the instruction of Prof. Janssen. It is somewhat surprising that Curatorium does not mention this serious matter in its report to Synod of 1920 (Acts, art. 46). (2) In 1894 Synod had decided to amend the Articles of Association so that the Curators, appointed by the Classes and their appointment ratified by Synod, were to act as Board of Trustees. (Syn. Acts, 1894, art. 44). Hence after this date the terms ‘‘Curatorium’’ and ‘“‘Board of Trustees” refer to the same body. 46 HISTORY OF SEMINARY The preadvisory committee of the Synod was mater- ially of the same opinion as the Curatorium (Syn. Acts, p. 81). Its report was tabled and Synod decided that all the documents in the case should be read, and all the pro- fessors heard (pp. 81, 82). Thereupon Synod passed reso- lutions in which it expressed itself in favor of the findings of the Curatorium and the preadvisory committee, except on one point. Synod was of the opinion that the four professors were not obliged to confer with Dr. Janssen before they requested an investigation by Curatorium (Acts of 1920, artt. 66, 68, 69). “Dr. Janssen spreekt zich op de vloer der Synode uit, zich te zullen beijveren voortaan te vermijden wat aanleiding heeft gegeven of zou kunnen geven tot misverstand, en zich zoo duidelijk te zullen uitspreken in zijn onderwijs, dat misvatting uit- gesloten is.” In its report to the Synod of 1922, Curatorium included the following communication (Acts, pp. 175-179) : In view of the request of eight classes, namely Hackensack, Holland Illinois, Muskegon, Orange City, Pacific, Pella and Grand Rapids East for a thorough investigation in the in- struction of Prof. R. Janssen as to method and subject-matter, your Board, after thoroughly considering these requests of almost two-thirds of the classes of our church, decided to pro- ceed to such a thorough investigation. After much discussion the following resolutions in regard to this matter were passed: (1) Although the Curatorium has never received any definite charges against Dr. Janssen, nevertheless, because of the present prevailing unrest the Board decides to make a most thorough investigation of the teaching of Dr. Jans- sen and consider its findings at its next meeting; (2) Realizing that this work will require much time, and trusting the churches will not object under the circum- stances to giving Dr. Janssen a year of vacation; Resolved: (a) To proceed to the most thorough investigation possible ; (b) To give Dr. Janssen a year’s vacation with salary; (c) To request the churches at large to await the outcome of said investigation. The method of the investigation was left to the committee. Respecting the investigation that has taken place it was resolved: HISTORY OF SEMINARY A7 (1) That we have in the reports of the Majority and Minority sections a thorough investigation of the teachings of Dr. Janssen as contained in the student and individual notes, the personal notes of Dr. Janssen and his presence being unobtainable. (2) That the Majority section feels constrained to declare that the instruction as a whole satisfies them in no respect. (3) That the report of the Minority section is less pronounced in its criticism, but also contains many statements that place these teachings in a decided unfavorable light. (4) That the whole committee makes strong declarations against these teachings. In view of all this, your committee advises Curatorium to present these findings to the coming Synod and to state that it is the conviction of the Curatorium that such teachings are unsatisfactory and not desirable for our School. Thus decided. Copies of both reports were to be sent to all delegates to Synod. The history of the Janssen case is found in the follow- ing articles of the Acts of Synod of 1922: Artt. 22, 23, 26, 27, 36, VII and 45, II, 49, 51, 56, 59. (See also Trans- Jation of the Reports in re Janssen, Acts, pp. 256-278). The preadvisory committee presented the following conclusions: As regards the objections raised against the instruction of Prof. Janssen, your committee met with a great obstacle in the determined refusal of Prof. Janssen to furnish us withi his own notes for the correction and supplementation of the Student and Individual Notes. As basis we had only the last- named Notes. Concerning their value as a source of knowledge of Prof. Janssen’s instruction, your committee took the posi- tion that this instruction is most surely reflected in these Students’ and Individual Notes, not committing ourselves on the degree of preciseness. Further, we remark that your committee did not aim to designate all the material in the Notes against which we have objections. We think however that we have collected suffi- cient material to enable Synod to come to a decision. We did not lose sight of the fact that some good passages appear in the Notes, and we hope to give a few examples of these in our advice. Still, the real question is whether good grounds exist for the objections against the Professor's instruction. 4.8 HISTORY OF SEMINARY The committee then gives ground for its objections: (1) As to Prof Janssen’s Standpoint and Method. (2) Although Prof. Janssen does not deny Special Revelation as such, there are nevertheless several instances in which he subjectifies it. (3) There are elements in the instruction of Prof. Janssen which can not be harmonized with the Reformed concep- tion of Inspiration, although the Inspiration of the Scrip- tures is not denied. (4) As regards the Organic Unity of the Holy Scriptures, as a rule little use is made in the Notes of the light which the New Testament sheds on persons and events in the Old Testament. Scripture is seldom compared with Scripture. Consequently a very objectionable presentation is some- times given of those persons and events. (5) Against some of the Dogmatic Views, as presented in the Notes, we have serious objection. The committee decided to submit the following as its advice to Synod: (1) Whereas it has become evident that the instruction of Prof. Janssen, as reflected in the “Student and Individual Notes” is unreformed in character, and (2) Prof. Janssen, through insubordination on his part has made it impossible for Synod in its investigation to go back of the “Student Notes,” Your Committee judges that Synod is called to the sad task of deposing Prof. Janssen from his office, in accordance with the Formula of Subscription, where we read as follows: “And . if at any time the Consistory, Classis or Synod upon sufficient grounds of suspicion and to preserve the uniformity and purity of doctrine, may deem it proper to require of us a further explanation of our sentiments respecting any particular article of the Confession of Faith, the Catechism, or the Ex- planation of the National Synod (of Dordt, 1618, ’19) we do hereby promise to be always willing and ready to comply with such requisition, under the penalty above mentioned.” Penalty or punishment as used in this sense is defined thus: “Under the penalty, in case of refusal, to be, by that very fact, suspended from our office.” Synod approved the report in toto and passed the resolution that Dr. Janssen be deposed as Professor of the Theological School. A History of Calvin College 1894—1926 Dean Albertus J. Rooks al IS no small task to give the history of Calvin =a College from its origin to the present time with- in the limits of a few pages. I feel at once dis- avd) posed to say with Cicero of old when he was on the point of delivering one of his famous orations on a subject upon which there was a large mass of material, Huius orationis difficilius est exitum quam principium invenire. A great deal has happened since the time when the Literary Department of our Theological School in 1894 took on a more distinct form in the old school building on the corner of Madison and Franklin Streets. To record rather fully the history of our College from its beginning would bring forth a book of no small size. But to be fair to other contributors for this commemorative volume, the Semi-Centennial Committee was required to restrict the writer on the present subject to the narrow confines of approximately fifteen pages. Thus with the mass of ma- terial on the subject, to quote our Cicero once more in the immediate connection of the foregoing expression, Ita mihi non tam copia quam modus in dicendo quaerendus est 1. e. not so much the abundance as the measure in speaking must be sought by me—I too shall be compelled to rigidly make application of this quotation in the preparation of this contribution. From the abundance of material I shall strive to present what has immediate and significant bearing on the growth and expansion of our Literary Department into our pres- ent College. 50 HISTORY OF CALVIN COLLEGE The history of our College can, in my opinion, conven- iently and properly be divided into three periods: I. The Initial Stage Il. The Transition Epoch II. The Complete College The Initial Stage, from 1894 to 1900 If I were asked to fix a date for the inception of our College, I would answer, June 15, 1894. It was on the afternoon of this day that the Synod of 1894, assembled in the auditorium of our—at that time new—Theological School building, on the corner of Franklin and Madison Streets, passed this significant and far reaching resolution: Om bij het reglement voor de Theologische School het volgende te voegen: “Ook zij, die niet wenschen opgeleid te worden tot bedienaars des Woords, kunnen na een voldoend admissie examen tot het Litt. gedeelte worden toegelaten’. This resolution distinctly marks the beginning of a new era for the Literary Department of our ‘Theological School. This resolution blazed the trail for that something which slowly but surely developed into what is today our Calvin College. And this resolution was not hastily or rashly taken. No, it was a resolution which was in answer to instructions to Synod from three Classes, those of Iowa, Holland, and Illinois, which then formed a large part of our denomina- tion. Likewise the Board of 'Trustees presented to Synod a similar recommendation. Moreover it rested upon the prayers of our people who wished to preserve for our faith our young folks who looked for an education beyond the eighth grade. These instructions of the three Classes, freely trans- lated, read as follows: 1. The Synod make provision that the Literary Depart- ment be open not only for those who study for the Ministry but also for others. Classis Iowa. 2. In our Theological School the Literary Department be separated from the Theological Department. Classis Holland. HISTORY On CALVING COLLEGE 51 3. The rules and regulations of our Theological School be so modified that the Theological Department be separated from the Literary Department. Classis Illinois. The recommendation from the Board of Trustees was as follows: The Synod resolve that fundamentally the Literary and Theolog- ical Departments of our School be separated. The Synodical Advisory Committee in answer to these instructions presented this resolution, which was adopted: Your Committee advises against such separation inasmuch as it must be accompanied with an increase of courses of study. Your Committee is of the opinion that such expansion is not as yet desirable with a view among other reasons to the number of hours in which students are instructed and not necessary with a view to the character of the school. This recommendation of the Advisory Committee was accepted, but with it the article given above by virtue of which students not studying for the ministry might be admitted to the Literary Department of our Theological School. This decision then was the harbinger of a new era, the herald of the College that was to be. Immediately provisions were made for this change and for this new beginning. The Course of Study was modi- fied and strengthened and two instructors were appointed by Synod exclusively for the Literary Department. Greek, Hebrew, Philosophy and Logic were no longer taught to the novitii along with Latin, German, English, History, etc. From then on classic Greek was begun in the second year, Hebrew in the fourth or last year of the Literary Department, and New Testament Greek and more advanced Hebrew were taken up in the Theological Department. The examinations too were changed to con- form more to the methods prevailing in our American schools and colleges. Up to this time the examinations were oral and were taken from the students only upon completion of the whole Literary course and of the Sem- inary course respectively. In other words only two exam- inations were required of students, but these were very extensive and comprehensive; one at the close of his liter- 52 HISTORY OF CALVIN: COLEEGE ary years, covering all the field in the several studies which had been pursued; the other examination at the end of the third year in the Theological Department, covering again the whole field in the various studies which had been taken during the past three years. In reflecting upon the course of study of that time in which students, fresh from the farm and shop, were re- quired to take up all at once, a half dozen languages—- English, Dutch, German, Latin, Greek, Hebrew—and with these Philosophy and Logic and other branches, to carry on for four years and then to conclude with one oral examination in all these studies before the Faculty and Board of Trustees, 1 admire—and with me all those who know something of the difficulties of Higher Education admire—the ambition, the courage and the perseverance of the men who undertook and carried forth the study of all these languages and other branches of study at one and the same time. True, some soon became discouraged and fell by the way and no wonder; others plodded on but in the course of time succumbed to the heavy burden with a wrecked mind, a broken body and a discouraged heart. ‘Those who surmounted the difficulties, especially of the earlier years of literary study, became men and servants of the Lord of no mean or ordinary power and ability. In these years of study, with the usual hardship, they already showed of what stuff they were made and gave promise of much in- fluence and usefulness in the church and the world. Mod- esty forbids me to mention the names of these students of the eighties and nineties but as I write these pages many a name crosses my path of those for whom I am filled with profound admiration for what they were and what they did; and posterity will do well to cherish their memory. Under the leadership of such men the incipiency and foun- dation of our College took place and its growth was cher- ished and stimulated. Together with the change in the curriculum, two in- structors were appointed exclusively for literary work. And that our fathers were not careless or indifferent as to the men to be chosen, is evident from the fact that the HISTORY «OF CALVIN: COLLEGE 53 Synod of 1894 made two trios of men from which two were to be chosen. The one comprised the following men: Gerrit Berkhof, Albert W. De Jonge, Klaas Schoolland, from which Mr. Berkhof was elected. The other trio com- prised: Dr. C. J. Calkoen, of Midland Park, N. J., Dr. Jaeger, of Emden, Germany, Albert J. Rooks, of Ann Arbor, Mich., from which the last one was chosen. To Mr. Berkhof was ~ Professor Albertus J. Rooks, A.M., Dean of the College assigned Dutch and Latin. To Mr. Rooks English and German were assigned but with these he was required to teach Geography, American History and Civics, Physiol- ogy, and a class in Greek. ‘To our young men in this age of specialization, to hold down such a variety of subjects certainly does not appear an enviable job. And truly it was not, nor did it appear such to him; but as for the 54 HISTORY OF CALVIN COLLEGE school, it was an improvement over conditions previous to this time. Henceforth these men were to give all their strength to literary branches; whereas before from the very nature of the case the professors, being ministers, placed the emphasis on studies in the Theological Depart- ment. With the appointment of these two men exclusively for the Literary Department, our people rejoiced and espec- ially the Board of Trustees; the teachers and students, too, in view of the experience of the previous year in which the instruction was greatly crippled by the departure of Dr. Geerhardus Vos to Princeton Seminary with no one to succeed him. But this Joy was soon overspread with gloom. Mr. Berkhof who was already ill at the time of his appointment was advised by his physician to go to New Mexico for the improvement of his health. With the opening of School in September he was not able to begin his work and at his request a leave of absence was granted him for three months. He did not improve and died No- vember 16, 1894. He is reported to have been a man of great ability and tact and withal a man of sterling christian piety. His worth is indicated by the fact that he served as tutor while a student in the Theological Department and upon his graduation was elected by the Synod as instructor. His death was a severe loss to the Literary Department of our School but God in his wise Providence furnishes his men to carry forth His work. Klaas Schoolland who had been temporarily employed to teach during the leave of absence of Mr. Berkhof was now appointed by the Board of Trustees to succeed him. Mr. Schoolland had suffered a nervous breakdown from too strenuous mental exertion in his “Candidaats-examen” in the Netherlands and had roamed about for years in Kurope and America to regain his health but at this time had so far recovered from his collapse that he could undertake instruction. Now I wish I might describe to the reader my feelings, which will never be effaced from my memory, when in the southeast room of the second floor of the old school build- ing on Madison Avenue, where the Board of ‘Trustees held HISTORY OF CALVIN COLLEGE 55 their session at that time, I first met my yoke-fellow with whom I might labor side by side for a full quarter of a century peacefully and pleasantly. Mr. Schoolland was of European birth and training and bore distinct marks that he was philosophically and theoretically inclined. He had a stately SPIELE: and noble seems but a some- what weird and un- fixed expression, re- sulting still from his erstwhile mental col- lapse. At this time he already had reach- ed middle age and his wavy locks had already a tinge of gray. The writer, on the contrary, was Amer- ican born and bred, fresh from college and many years the junior of his future colleague. These two, though in nt teaehy respects Klaas Schoolland, Professor Emeritus of the Vv. Cry. different, were Greek Language and Literature to form a span. At first thought, it might seem that they would form an unfortunate combination and yet I believe it proved a blessing for the College in its initial stage. At that time our Theological School was still pecu- liarly Dutch and so were the Church and the people which the School represented. Nearly all the instruction in both Literary and Theological Departments thus far had been given in the Holland language. Dutch was the vehicle for carrying on conversation and Dutch to a large extent were the customs and manners in both thought and action. Everything still savored strongly of the country of our forefathers. If now both men, who henceforth in the main were to shoulder the literary work, had given their in- struction in English and had introduced American meth- 56 HISTORY OF CALVIN COLLEGE ods in teaching, it might have wrought much harm. Neith- er the Church nor the School was ready for such a radical change. It was imperative that for some years to come Holland and English go side by side, with a preponder- ance in favor of the mother tongue; but it was imperative too that each do not hold tenaciously in his sphere of in- struction and action to the methods acquired, but yield more or less to the manner of the other with a view to the needs of the institution. It was the period when it was necessary that the one be a complement of the other, and fortunately both were ready to be the complement. No further change was made during this initial stage in the instruction force neither in the Theological nor in the Literary Department. It was a period of quietude and restfulness. School life was much like a large family. The number of students did not yet exceed fifty. All were men of mature years and looked forward to the ministry and so rules and regulations need be few. Much freedom of action in and out of school could be allowed and this freedom and restfulness was conducive to much inde- pendent study and made for men of great determination and strong personality. This freedom of action and rest- fulness too brought much joy to both teachers and stu- dents. I rather think that in many respects this was the most pleasant period in my life and I venture to say this for my colleague as well. In addition to what has been said on this period there are not many things of such significance that they require special consideration. Mention may be made that already at this time instruction in the German language was urged. The petition came from Classis Lowa which then included the larger bulk of our German people, which later formed Classis Ost Friesland. The request was heeded, and from that time on considerable attention has been given to the in- struction of the German language, both with a view to the needs of our German congregations in the West and with a view to the many German works of theology, philosophy, history, etc., with which our students must make them- selves familiar in the original language. HISTORY OF CALVIN COLLEGE 57 Another matter of interest is the attendance of foreign students at our School in this early period. First, we have the two Persians, Isaac Adams and his brother David. Isaac with his charming personality knew how to work his way into the hearts of many of our people and succeeded in getting not a little financial aid for the pursuit of his studies at our School as well as for his supposed christian enterprises among his countrymen in Persia. Soon after our connection with both Isaac and David Adams was severed, appeared Mark Braun, a Russian Jew. After Mark Braun had pursued studies in the Lit- erary Department of our School for some time, it became evident that he did not possess the necessary qualifications for valuable service in the Mission Field. In view of these foreign students, it is noteworthy that already at this time the hearts of our people were beating fast for missionary activity and the spread of the gospel of Jesus Christ. Another matter which is of significance and deserves mention is the gift of a three hundred twenty acre farm by Mrs. Ellen V. DeJong, the proceeds of which, amount- ing to $7,032.48, was to be used as a fund for the library of our School. Our library will form the subject of an- other paper and so it is not necessary to enlarge upon this splendid donation. It is somewhat remarkable, how- ever, that already at this stage a fund so large was estab- lished for our library and that in the twenty-five years that have since elapsed not another gift of similar size was bequeathed for so necessary a cause. During this period, in March, 1896, the first English Catalogue of our institution was published and _ issued. Ever since, the Catalogue has appeared regularly, at first every other year, later every year. It gives information on all matters pertaining to the School and current issues may be had upon request. The writer has a complete file of all Catalogues issued to date and will be happy to present the file to the College library with the celebration of the Semi-Centennial An- niversary of our School next March with the request how- ever that they be properly bound and preserved. 58 HISTORY OF CALVIN COLLEGE The Transition Epoch from 1900 to 1920 The second period in the history of the Literary De- partment of our Theological School I have called “The Transition Epoch.” It extends from the year 1900 to the year 1920 and comprises several stages of development. The Board of Trustees together with the advice of the Faculty did not with a mad rush and undue force convert the Literary Department of our School into a College. It was not a toadstool springing forth in a day. No, it took two long decades to change the Literary Department into a complete College. Its growth was characteristically Dutch, “slow but sure”; but with it, the development was sane, steady and secure. The Board of Trustees acted wisely. At no time did it make haste with expansion at the expense of quality of instruction. Its motto ever seemed to have been non multa sed multwm. Today we reap the benefits of the careful and deliberate progress brought forth by our Fathers in authority. Calvin College has, through the direction of our teachers and the labor of our students, gained the reputation that it ranks high in thought, power and thoroughness of work among the col- leges of the State. From time to time a year of instruction was added and with it new courses of study and additional teachers. It is this in particular that has brought on several stages of development in this Transition E;poch of two decades and for the sake of convenience as well as of propriety, I shall attempt to gather historical material pertaining to the Literary Department of this Epoch under the following heads: 1. ‘Transition from the Academy Course with one ad- ditional year, to a Junior College; 1900 to 1908. 2. ‘Transition from a Junior College to a three-year College Course, combined with the Seminary Course, and leading to the A. B. degree; 1908 to 1914. 3. pp i413 Majority Report on the Janssen Case. Joint author with J. Manni, Hy J, Kuiper;;Hy Hoeksema GR Mich: 1 922mapp.! 52. Van Zonde en Genade. Joint author with H. Hoeksema. Dalm Printing Co. Kal. Mich. 1923. pp 289. Niet Doopersch Maar Gereformeerd. Joint author with H. Hoek- sema. G. R. Mich. 1923. pp 72. Langs Zuivere Banen. Joint author with H. Hoeksema. Dalm Printing Gol} Kali. Mich.ppr3s: Om Recht en Waarheid. Joint author with H. Hoeksema. Dalm Printing Co. Kal. Mich. pp 56. DE BEER, DIRK The Christian’s Hope of Vindication in the Future. In Manifold Grace. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1914. pp 30-43. DE HAAN, G. A. Ter Nagedachtenisse. Zes Leerredenen. Sioux Center, Ia. 1896. Nieuwsblad Drukkery. pp 79. BIBLIOGRAPHY 283 DE JONG, G. D. Eenige Medeelingen aangaande de Theologische School der Christ. Geref. Kerk in Amerika. 1900. pp 27. : De Opgestane Heiland. In Utt Eigen Kring. J. B- Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 271-286. De Ware Godsdienst. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1908. pp 428-441. De Godzaligheid tot Alle Dingen Nut. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 620-632. Onze Theologische School. In Gedenkboek. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 87-122. An Outline of Biblical Archaeology. G. R. Mich. 1909. pp 60. Class Lectures. Idololatrie. G. R. Mich. 1911. pp 209. Class Lectures. Historische Schetsen van de Voornaamste Kerken in Amerika. G. ReeMiche 191255 pp7193) Class) lectures. Schets van het Geref. Kerkrecht. G. R. Mich. 1913. pp 199. Class Lectures. DET ONG eyes PR: De Leer der Verzoening in de Amerikaansche Theologie. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1913. pp 302. Mede-erfgenamen van Christus. Van Noord Publishing Co. G. R. Mich. 1919. pp 368. Sermons on Romans 8. De Komende Christus. Van Noord Publishing Co. G. R. Mich. 1920. pp 339. Daden des Heeren. M. Hoffius. G. R. Mich. 1919. pp 48. War sermons. Waar het in de Zaak Janssen om Gaat. Joint author with L. Berk- hof, H. Danhof, W. Heyns, H. Hoeksema, H. J. Kuper, F. M. Ten footmoeey olbedde. (rr RewMich, 61922. = npe4 1: DE LEEUW, CORNELIUS De Zoon des Menschen Zich Schamend voor Zyn Ontrouwe Volgelingen In Van de Onzen. B. Sevensma. G. R. Mich. 1910. pp 120-133. Een Juichtoon in een Treurlied. In Tot de Volmaking der Heiligen. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1911. pp 133-147. DE VRIES, TIEMEN Overheid en Zondagsviering. A. W. Sythoff. Leiden pp XV+708. Beginselen der Staathuishoudkunde. T. C. Ten Hagen. 1903. pp207 Dutch History, Art and Literature for Americans. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1912. pp 211. Influence of Holland on America. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1912. pp 31 Holland’s Influence on English Language and Literature. C. Grentzebach. Chicago, Ill. 1916. pp 398. DOEZEMA, FRANK In Vreeze Wandelen. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 475-484. 284. BIBUIOGRAP EY DOLFIN, JOHN Zuni and Navaho. Franklin Print Shop. G. R. Mich. 1918. pp 47 The Lost Penny. In Manifold Grace. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1914. pp 44-54. Bringing the Gospel in Hogan and Pueblo. Van Noord Publishing Gov | GiRs SM ich Wl9215 =pp i370: The Sacrifice of Praise. Trans‘ation of Bavinck’s Offerande des Lojsaulieisregelo Gika Miche 31922;5 ppetods DRUKKER, D. R. Comparison Between the Past and the Present. In Souvenir of the Sixtieth Anniversary of the Colonization of the Hollanders in Western Michigan. Powers Tyson Co. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 27-31. The Jehovah Shepherd. In Manifold Grace. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1914. pp 55-64. EERDMANS, W. B. Calvin College Song. Music by W. B. Eerdmans. Words by W. Kuipers: aie bastiulsi. = Ga hee Micha p oo: HININKY BH: Opdat ik Hem Kenne. In Van de Onzen. B. Sevensma. G. R. Mich. 1910. pp 89-102. Korte Vragen naar de Verklaring van het Kort Begrip door Elzinga. Hea Brinks Holland Mich. »ppez2: EKS PERE WER Eene Opwekking tot Ernstig Zelfonderzoek. In Uir Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 315-330. De Uitnoodiging des Heilands by de Voleinding der Eeuwen. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 511-524. Petrus Wandelende op het Water. In Tot de Volmaking der Heiligen. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1911. pp 234-249. ESSENBURG, BENJAMIN Religious Poetry. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1916. pp 71 Recitations and Dialogues. J. Hoorn. G. R. Mich. 1918. pp 47. HUOK SRA ele The Christian Day School’s Share in Giving Biblical Instruction. In The Bible and Education. Chicago. 1925. pp 78-85. FRYLING, H. Navaho Translation of Borstius’ Primer. Grand Rapids Printing Co. G. R. Mich. 1905. . pp 34. The Zuni Mission. In Bringing the Gospel in Hogan and Pueblo. Van Noord Publishing Co. G. R. Mich. 1921. pp 315-341. GHYSELS, JAMES The Sword of the Lord and of Gideon. Grand Haven, Mich. 1918. pp 14. Sermon on the Heidelberg Catechism, First Lord’s Day. Esco. G. R. Mich. pp 14. Notes on the Compendium Explained. Steketee Publishing Co. Holland, Mich. 1924. BIBLIOGRAPHY 285 GROEN, JOHN Onze Lagere School. H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. 1903. pp 15. De Lydende Messias. Sermon in Uit Eigen Kring. J.B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 143-158. De Uitverkiezing. In Uir Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G.'R. Mich. 1903. pp 525-542. Onze Roeping en Idealen voor de Toekomst. In Gedenkboek. J .B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 213-236. De Landverhuizing Zelve en de Eerste Worsteling Alhier. In Souvenir of the Sixtieth Anniversary of the Colonization of the Hol- landers in Western Michigan. Powers Tyson Printing Co. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 22-26. Zendingspredikatie. In Van de Onzen. B. Sevensma.. G. R. Mich. 1910. pp 150-165. HAAN, G. G. De Grondleggers van Onze Kerkengroep. In Gedenkbock. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp. 244-251. HAAN, G. J. Christus de Middelaar. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 485-495. De Noodiging van God om tot Hem te Komen. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 678-690. De Messias Gezocht en Gevonden. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich wells ue pp ee): HAAN, R. L. De Hemelvaart van Jezus Christus. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 346-363. De Vleeschwording des Woords. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 736-754. Kerk en Zondagschool. H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. 1905. pp 32 De Gelykenis van den Zaaier. In Van de Onzen. B. Sevensma. G. R. Mich. 1910. pp 134-149. Het Millennium of Duizendjarig Ryk. pp 64. Een Bezetene door Jezus Verlost. pp 17 HEMKES, G. K. Eenige Bladzyden uit het Dagboek of Ontmoetingen eens Leeraars. G. Reits. Groningen. 1872. pp 130. De Zegen Gods op het Woord van Een Zyner Knechten. J. Den Boer. Breukelen. 1880. pp 15. Algemeene Bepalingen der Hollandsche Christ. Geref. Kerk. Joint author with R. T. Kuiper, W. H. Fryling, J. Noordewier. De Wachter. Holland, Mich. 1881. pp 126. Het Rechtsbestaan der Holl. Christ. Geref. Kerk. Langereis. en Hemkes. G. R. Mich. pp 262. Symboliek. G. R. Mich. pp 59. Class Lectures. 286 BIBLIOGRAPHY Kort Overzicht van de Presbyterian en de U. P. Kerken in Amerika. North End Printing House. G. R. Mich. pp 20. Beoefening der Propaedleutische Wetenschappen door den Toekomstigen Evangeliedienaar. De Haan Bros. G. R. Mich. 1884. pp 24. . Het Anker Onzer Hoop. H. Colestock. G. R. Mich. 1884. pp 14. Sermon. Christus Meer dan Salomo. De Haan Bros. G. R Mich. 1885. pp 22. De Kinderdoop uit God. Van Dort and Hugenholtz. G. R. Mich. 1886. pp 115. Adventism and Our Answer to Its Question. Toren Co. G. R. Mich. 1888. pp 66 Hoe Velen van onze Vaderen Feest Vierden in 1572. Een Verhaal uit den Tyd der Inquisitie. G. R. Mich. 1889. pp 26. De Vyf Boeken van Mozes. De Huisvriend. G. R. Mich. 1895. pp 23. Onder of Boven: De Kinderdoop is Bybelsch. Antwoord aan Ds. W.R. Smidt. pp 30. Een Man des Volks. Biography of Prof. G. E. Boer. J. B. Hulst. Grekes Mach) 1904ipeppaco5: Kerkenorde der Christ. Geref. Kerk. Joint author with H. Beets and W. Heyns. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1905. pp 164. Oud en Nieuw Calvinisme. Joint author with L. J. Hulst. Esco. GoeRt sMichs 1913. pp 150: HEYNS, WILLIAM Liturgiek. H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. 1903. pp 328. Kerkenorde der Christ. Geref. Kerk. Joint author with H. Beets, G. K. Hemkes. J. B. Hulst. G. -R. Mich. 1905. pp 164. Poimeniek. G. R. Mich. 1908. pp 138. Class Lectures. Homiletiek, G. R. Mich. 1910. pp 175. Class Lectures. De Ware Vrijheid. In Tot de Volmaking der Heiligen. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1911. pp 37-57. Nieuw-Testamentische Geschiedenis. G. R. Mich. pp 227. Class Lectures. 7 Kybernetiek. G. R. Mich. Class Lectures. 1922. pp 439. Geref. Geloofsleer. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1916. pp 355. Handboek voor de Catechetiek. Esco. G. R. Mich. pp 253. Kerkenorde der Christ. Geref. Kerk. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1917. Ppl Wenken ter Bevordering van Bybelkennis. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1918. pp 91. Geschiedenis der Prediking. G. R. Mich. 1919. pp 225. Class Lectures. BIBLIOGRAPHY 287 Het Ouderlingschap. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1919. pp 170. Outlines and Notes on Bible History. N. T. Van Noord Publish- inpatow Gak Mich: 1921) “pneZ246: Nadere Toelichting Omtrent de Zaak-Janssen. Joint author with F, M. Ten Hoor, L. Berkhof, S. Volbeda. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1921. pp 83. Waar hetean “de Zaaky Janssen: am, Gaat, Jo-:nt author, with WL. Berkhof, H. Danhof, Y: P- De Jong, H. Hoeksema, H.-J- Kuiper, BaMe Lensioore so) V.olbeday -G. ResMich? 91922) pps4) HIEMENGA, J. J. Vragen naar Aanleiding van het Kort Begrip. pp 12. De Groote Ontferming Gods. In Van de Onzgen. B. Sevensma. G. R. Mich: 1910: pp 21-30. De Zevende of de Eerste Dag? Verhaar. G. R. Mich. 1912. pp 16. HOEKENGA, P. J. Eenige Korte Vragen voor de Kleine Kinderen door J. Borstius, Gewyzigd en Aangevuld. 1909. pp 30. Handleidende Vragen by het Kort Begrip. pp 38. De Goedheid Gods. In Tot de Volmaking der Heiligen. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1911. pp 263-279. Dhingscof the spirit. “Esco: *G.-Ro Mich... 19208 spp :93. HOEKSEMA, G. Zelfonderzoek. Sermon. De Haan Bros. G. R. Mich. 1885. pp 21. HOEKSEMA, GERRIT Judgment Pronounced on Those that do not Love the Lord Jesus Christ. In Manifold Grace. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1914. pp 65-78. Minority Report on the Janssen Case. Joint author with D. H. Kromminga, J. Van Lonkhuizen. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 154-200. ee HERMAN De Verzoeking van Jezus in de Woestyn. In Zes Leerredenen. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1919. pp 3-17. Het Keerpunt te Kapernaum. In Zes Leerredenen. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1919. pp 19-30. Dominee Kouwenaar. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1919. pp 87. Tkewil dat Gy.Weet en (Il-Cry= J. Hoorn. G. Re Mich.” 1920>pp 20 Niet Doopersch maar Gereformeerd. Joint author with H. Danhof. foe Mich: 91923. “pp: 72. Van Zonde en Genade. Joint author with H. Danhof. Dalm Print- ine Co. Kal. Mich. - 1923. _pp 289. Waar het in de ~Zaak-Janssen’ om Gaat=' Joint- author: with LL: Berkhof, H..Danhof, Y. P. De Jong, W. Heyns, 'H. J. Kuiper, F. M. Ten Hoor, S. Volbeda. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 41. Majority Report on the Janssen Case. Joint author with J. Manni, H. J. Kuiper, H. Danhof. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 152. Langs Zuivere Banen. Joint author with H. Danhof. Dalm Print- ing Co. Kal. Mich. pp 85. 288 BIBLIOGRAPHY Om Recht en Waarheid. Joint author with H. Danhof. Dalm Printing Co. Kal. Mich. pp 56. HOEKSTRA, JB. Kerkenordening van Dordrecht benevens de Bepalingen der Christ. Geref. Kerk in Amerika. Joint author with J. H. Vos, J. Noorde- wier, P. Schut, S. Vander Beek. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1897. pp 84 Het Sterven van Jezus. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 543-557. De Vader der Lichten. In Uzt Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 633-646. Jezus’ Geestelyke Maagdschap. In Van de Onzen. B. Sevensma. G. R. Mich. 1910. pp 45-59. TIOICK SaahAy ees bs Ba Thirty-seven Years of Holland American Relations. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1917. pp 184. HOBKSURAWESA Questions on the Compendium. pp 25. The Church a Spiritual House. In Manifold Grace. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1914. pp 79-90. HOLLEBEEK, DIRK Vragen naar Aanleiding van Elzinga’s Verklaring van Kort Begrip. Esco Ri tchsr 19 1S app a0: HUIZENGASLEETSS, De Navaho Indianen. J. M. Bredee. 1916. pp 31. HYLKEMA, GEORGE W. The Free Christian School. Esco. G. R. Mich. pp 29. Bible Study in the Home. In The Bible and Education. Chicago. 1925. pp 29-40. First Book in Christian Doctrine. Joint author with E. J. Tuuk. Economic Press. Chicago. 1925. pp 88. HYMA, A. The Christian Renaissance. Reformed Press G. R. Mich. 1924. pp 501. JANSSEN, RALPH Das Johannes Evangelium nach der Paraphrase des Nonnus Panopolitanus. J. C. Hinrichs. Leipzig. 1903. pp 80. De. Crisis in de Christ. Geref. Kerk. in America. G. R. Mich. 10225 DP 05: Voortzetting van den Stryd. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 104. De Synodale Conclusies. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 79. Het Synodale Vonnis en Zyne Voorgeschiedenis Kerkrechtelyk Beoordeeld. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 47. JELLEMA, W. H. The Distinctive Features of the Christian School. Joint translator of T. Van der Kooy’s Het Typeerende van de Gereformeerde School. Esco; +G. Ri Mich .1925:. pp 78. BIBLIOGRAPHY 289 KEEGSTRA, HENRY Christus door God Zonde voor Ons Gemaakt. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 159-174. Martha en Maria in Hare Verhouding tot Jezus. In Uit Eigen Kring. JB; Hulst) G. R.-Michs 1903. * pp 331-345. Petrus met Jezus in den Storm op het Meer. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 606-619. De Hoogste Openbaring van Gods Liefde. In Tot de Volmaking der Heiligen. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1911. pp 58-71. Kerkelyk Handboek. Joint author with I. Van Dellen. Esco. G. ReeMichae [915] ppe2Z3: KEIZER, ANDREW Handboek voor Ouderlingen en Leeraars by Begrafenissen. H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. 1901. pp 41. Joint author with J. Keizer. Onze Pers. In Gedenkboek. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 165-178. Plicht en Verantwoordelykheid der Nageslachten. In Souvenir of the Sixtieth Anniversary of the Colonization of the Hollanders of West- ern Michigan, Powers Tyson Printing Co. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 47-50. Was editor of the Wachter for years Ke Jack. Reform Pedagogy. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1911. pp 3. In Handwycers, Een Vyftal Referaten. KORFKER, H. W. Opstellen J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. pp 28. KOSTER es. Is het Woord “Gereformeerd” in het Vaandel der Holl. Christ. Geref. Kerk in Amerika een Leugen in Hare Rechterhand? J. D. Kanters. Holland, Mich. 1896. pp 35. KROMMINGA, D. H. Christus ten Jongsten Dage Oordeelende over de Schapen. In Tot de Volmaking der Heiligen. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1911. pp 198-215. Minority Report on the Janssen Case. Joint author with J. Van Lonkhuizen, G. Hoeksema. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 154-200. Valsche Leeraars onder de Geloovigen. Sermons. Weekblad rikeryve bella tl ame 1OZ see ppEsl. KUEHL R, BYK, The Proposed Calvinistic College at Grand Rapids. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 65 Orthodoxy and Christianty. Supplement to Chimes. G. R. Mich. 1910. pp 19. Ons Opmaken en Bouwen. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1918. pp 270. De Groote Oorlog. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1919. pp 391. Met Hart en Mond. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1919. pp 92. With All Thy Heart. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1919. pp 81. 290 BIBLIOGRAPHY De Godsopenbaring onder Oud en Nieuw Testament. Sermon in Zes Leerredenen. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1919. pp 73-84. De Vier Paarden uit Openbaring. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1918. pp 64. Hamilton’s School Amendment. The Reformed Press. G. R. Mich. pp 32. De Janssen Questie en Nog Iets. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 62. Was editor of the Wachter for four years 1918-22, and wrote numerous articles in the Banner. ULE R Slianl The Compendium Simplified and Amplified. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1920. pp 23. Jesus Christ the Same Yesterday, Today and Forever. Esco. G. Ro-Mich, 19219 porlZ: Waar het in de Zaak-Janssen om Gaat. Joint author with L. Berkhof, H. Danhof, Y. P. De Jong, W. Heyns, H. Hoeksema, F. M. Ten Hoor, S. Volbeda. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 41. Majority Report on the Janssen Case. Joint author with J. Manni, H: -Danhof, +H" Hoeksema:’—G, Ree Mich™ 1922) “pp 152) The Three Points of Common Grace. Sermons. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1925. pp 39. KUIBERS RB? Christian Liberty: Esco. G. R. Mich. 1914. pp 24. Jesus Sentenced to Death on his Confession of Himself as the Son of God. In Manifold Grace. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1914. pp 91-104, While the Bridegroom Tarries. Van Noord Publishing Co. G. R. Mich. 1919. pp 277. | KUIPERS, W. Calvin College Song. Music by W. B. Eerdmans. Words by W. Kuipers, .J-2Bi vHuist. -Ge Re Mich® i pp-.: MANNI, JACOB De Vyanden des Heeren Overwonnen. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 23-38. Het Verlaten der Eerste Liefde. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 302-314. De Verheerlyking Gods Wegens Zyne Goedheid. In Uit Eigen Kring. JP B: Hulst. «GR: Mich. 1903. ‘pp ‘647-661. De Verheerlyking van den Grooten Koning. In Tot de Volmaking der Heiligen. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1911. pp 148-164. Majority Report on the Janssen Case. Joint author with H. J. Kuiper, H. Danhof, H. Hoeksema. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 152. MEELLER. fsa The Heavenly Highpriesthood of Christ. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1916. pp 224. MONSMA, J. C. What Calvinism has Done for America. Rand, McNally. Chicago. 1919. pp 188. BIBLIOGRAPHY 291 Why the American Daily Standard Failed. Seymour and Muir. G. Re Michs 192ie ppati |: MULDER, J. D. Medical Work Among the Navahoes. In Bringing the Gospel tn Hogan and Pueblo. Van Noord Publishing Co. G. R. Mich. 1921. pp. 214-219. MUYSKENS; D/H: The Marriage Supper of the Lamb. In Manifold Grace. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1914. pp 105-118. NOORDEWIER, JACOB Oudejaars-avond Leerrede. C. Vorst. Holland, Mich. 1871. pp 18 Herderlyke Zorg. Sermon. C. Vorst. Holland, Mich. 1871. Twee Leerredenen. Holland Drukkery. Holland, Mich. 1875. DDroL Leerrede over Ps. 10:14. De Hollander. Holland, Mich. 1877. pp 16. Vrymetselary. Translation of Sermon by W. P. McNary. De Hollander. Holland, Mich. - 1877. pp 17. Algemeene Bepalingen der Holl. Christ. Geref. Kerk in Amerika. Joint author with R. T. Kuiper, W. H. Frieling, G. K. Hemkes. De Wachter Drukkery. Holland, Mich. 1881. pp 126. Het Godvruchtig Gebed van Agur. Sermon. De Haan Bros. G. R. Mich. 1884. pp 19. Biddags-leerrede. D. Doornink. G. R. Mich. 1884. pp 10. Kerkenordening van Dordrecht benevens de Bepalingen van de Christ. Geref. Kerk in Amerika. Joint author with J. H. Vos, P. Schut—|eb. -loekstray.s. Vander Beek: J.B) Hulsth=-G. Ro Mich; 1897. pp 84. Vragen en Antwoorden over den Heiligen Doop. H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. pp 60. Jezus Verheerlykt in het Wonder te Gadara. In Tot de Volmaking der Heiligen. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1911. pp 250-262. Blikken in de Openbaring. Van Noord Publishing Co. G. R. Mich. pp 30. Fen Tachtig Jarige. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1920. pp 85. Ak ber : . De Hemelvaart van Christus het Tegenbeeld van des Hoogepriesters Ingang in het Voorbeeldig Heiligdom. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 364-377. Karakter en het Geluk van den Wandelaar naar het Zion Gods. In Van de Ongen. B. Sevensma. G. R. Mich. 1910. pp 60-73. RINCK, WILLIAM Our Teachers: Their Opportunities and Their Responsibilities. In Mich, Christian Teacher’s Institute Lectures. Dalm Printing Co. Kal. Mich. 1914. pp 97-108. SCHOOLLAND, KLAAS Rhetorica. Jan Haan. Groningen. 1908. pp 233. (+XXXVI) 292 BIBEIOG RAP ELY SGHUT) PETER Kerkenordening van Dordrecht benevens de Bepalingen der Christ. Geref. Kerk in Amerika. Joint author with J. H. Vos, J. B. Hoek- stra, S. Vander Beek. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1897. pp 84. SMITTERS SY. Jezus Bittere Klacht aan het Kruis. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 235-242. Want het Leven is My Christus en het Sterven is My Gewin. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 585-593. STOBRRALRH The Distinctive Features of the Christian School. Joint translator of T. Van der Kooy’s Het Typeerende van de Geref. School. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1925. pp 78. How to Meet the Modernist View of the Bible. In The Bible and Education. Chicago. 1925. pp 85-93. STOB, MISS RENZINA Educational Work Among the Navahoes. In Bringing the Gospel in Hogan and Pueblo. Van Noord Publishing Co. G. R. Mich. 1921. PP 226-232. STUART, WILLIAM Groaning Creation. In Manifold Grace. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1914. pp 119-125. Manual for the Study of the Compendium of the Christian Religion. Joint author with W. P. Van Wyk. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 40, SOS MR 6) Nagedachtenis. Een Viertal Leerredenen. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. pp 56. DANIS© EJ: The Church, the Christian and the War. L. Kregel. G. R. Mich. 1918. pp 16. (Sermon.) TEN HOOR, F. M. Afscheiding of Doleantie. D. Donner. Leiden. 1891. pp 113. Het Waardelooze der Wereld door God Uitverkoren. In Tot de Volmaking der Heiligen. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1911. pp 280-302. Geschiedenis van het Dogma. G. R. 1920. pp 40. Class Lectures. Theologische Encyclopaedie. G. R. Mich. 1923 pp 34. Class Lectures. Gereformeerde Dogmatiek. A. Ten Hoor. Holland, Mich. pp 301. Nadere Toelichting Omtrent de Zaak-Janssen. Joint author with W. Heyns, L. Berkhof, S. Volbeda. Holland Printing Co., Holland, Mich. 1921. pp 83. Waar het in de Zaak-Janssen om Gaat. Joint author with L. Berk- hof,, H.. Danhot;* Y. .Pa"De Jotig, .W.*Heyns | TH) Boekstmaa tae Kuiper. S. Vo'beda. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 41. TRAP, WILLIAM Divine Personality. G. Wahr. Ann Arbor, Mich. 1925. pp 83. BIBLIOGRAPHY 293 TULS, HERMAN In de Schuilplaats des Allerhoogsten. Eastern Ave. Bookstore. G. R. Mich. 1924. pp 46. Sermons and letters. AMBION S AS Ab De Levende Heiland. In Tot de Volmaking der Heiligen. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1911. pp 117-132. Het Christelyk Lager Onderwys in de Vereenigde Staten. Esco. GaRoeMichee10 Liageppe ly. The Public School an Ideal and a Beacon. In Michigan Christian Teacher's Institute Lectures. Dalm Printing Co. Kal. Mich. 1914. pp 59-71. First Book in Christian Doctrine. Joint author with G. Hylkema. Economic Press. Chicago. 1925. pp 88. VANCANDEL SH: J. G. Dutch Grammar. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1916. pp 283. Also wrote a large number of articles in The Christian Journal, Religion and Culture. VAN DELLEN, I. Het Karakter van ons Volk naar Schaduw en Lichtzyden. In Gedenkbock. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 191-197. Het Mormonisme. J. Kok. Kampen. 1911. pp 248. De Belydenis der Hope. In Tot de Volmaking der Heiligen. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1911. pp 72-85. Van Christus en Zyne Gemeente. Sermons. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1913. pp 167. Kerkelyk Handboek. Joint author with H. Keegstra. Esco. G. R. Miche 1915. 'pp 223. VAN DEN BOSCH, JACOB G. John Calvin College. In Gedenkboek. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 125-131. Vocational Education. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1911. pp 12. In Handwyzers Een Vyftal Referaten. Our Schools—What They are and What they Should Be. In Michigan Christian Teacher's Institute Lectures. Dalm Printing Co. Kal. Mich. 1914. pp 43-57. VAN DEN BOSCH, J. H. Kerkenordening van Dordrecht benevens de Bepalingen der Christ. Geref. Kerk in Amerika. Joint author with J. Noordewier, P. Schut, Jeb Eloekstray:SsV ander -«beek.. Ja Bee Hnlst.=G Re Mich: 91897. pp 84. VAN] DENHOERK. =). /B: De Zaligheid van het Wachten. In Tot de Volmaking der Heiligen. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1911. pp 86-104. Roeping-Kruis-Overwinning. 1923. pp 179. VAN DER ARK, T. De Lydende Heiland, een Worm. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 175-189. 294 VAN VAN VAN VAN VAN BIBLIOGRAPHY Eene Vermaning tot Geloofsonderzoek. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 496-510. De Zekerheid van de Zaligheid der Geloovigen. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 662-677. Jezus de Deur. In Tot de Volmaking der Heiligen. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1911. pp 9-26. DERJH EIDE, S: De Toekomstige Zaligheid der Kinderen Gods. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 594-605. DER UM eye): Verzadigd en toch Vermagerd. Sermon. Hospers, Ia. pp 16. DERVELOEG.H aM. De Heere Weggeleid. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 205-222. De Plicht der Kerk Tegenover de Wereld. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 378-394. De Verdediging van het Pinksterwonder. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 411-427. DH RAWAL Pee Dae) Is de Afscheiding in Nederland uit God of uit de Menschen? Joint author with. K., J/sPieters,.J, R: Kreulén? -2 Velensa Si raneker 1856. pp 212. Synodale Besluiten der Christelyk Afgescheiden Geref. Kerk in Nederland van 1836-1857. S. Van Velzen. Kampen. 1859. pp 180. Biddags-leerrede. C. Vorst. Holland, Mich. 1871. pp 25. De Geestelyke Ondertrouw. Sermon. C. Vorst. Holland, Mich. S712 sppizo: DER WERE. HENRY De Voorlooper van Kort Begrip en Catechismus. pp 31. Overzicht van de Hoofdwaarheden des Christelyken Geloofs. De Grondwet. Holland, Mich. 1888. pp 22. Lentebloemen voor de Huiskamer en het Reciteervertrek. Zalsman. Kampen. 1896. pp 96. Hannes de Krantenjongen. H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. 1897. pp 121. Outline of the History of the Christian Reformed Church in America. H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. 1898. pp 49. Henry Bunyan; of Verloren en Wedergevonden. H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. 1903. pp 78. De Kroon, met een Tiental Liederen. 1907. P. H. Wezeman. Chicago. pp 89. Feestcantate op het Halve Eeuw Feest. pp 11. The Psalms; New Version with Tunes. 1908. pp 25. The Psalms: New Metrical Version. 1911. pp 292. Josef de Jood. Translation. H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. 1912 pp 207. BIBLIOGRAPHY 295 VAN DER WERP, J. Enkele Vragen over den Doop en over het Verband tusschen den Heiligen Doop en de Geloofsbelydenis. H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. pp 50. De Gereformeerde Geloofsleer in Vragen en Antwoorden. H. Hol- keboer. Holland, Mich. 1909. pp 130. Wordt de Onderstelde Wedergeboorte Geleerd in de Heilige Schrift? Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1914. pp 64. VAN VESSEM, MARINUS Onze Inwendige Zending. In Gedenkboeck. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 135-140. The Sunday School’s Share in Giving Biblical Instruction. In The Bible and Education. Chicago. 1925. pp 70-78. VAIN Velo ele Per): Christus aan de Deur van ons Hart. Sermon. In Tot de Volmaking der Heiligen. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1911. pp 216-233. VANS VW Yo Roa Week: Toelichting by Kort Begrip der Christelyke Religie. P. Duyverdam. Leiden. 1908. pp 37. Stadsevangelizatie; Waarom en Hoe. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1913. pp 16. De Poorten van Sion. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1914. pp 89. Over the Top with God. Meditations. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1918. pp 61. Compendium of the Christian Religion. Joint author with W. Stuart. Hscoee Ga Ke Mich. ~1922.. ppr40. VAN ZYL, HENRY The Distinctive Features of the Christian School. Joint translator of T. Van der Kooy’s Het Typeerende van de Geref. School. Esco. Ger. Mich) 1925. “ppr78. Bible Instruction in the School. In The Bible and Education. Chicago. 1925. pp 40-55. VEENSTRA, W. . . Leerredenen. H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. 1902. pp 286. VELTKAMP, LAMBERTUS De Kastyding des Heeren. In Uit Eigen Kring. J. B Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 456-474, Maaien, Wat we Zaaien. In Van de Ongen. B. Sevensma. G. R. Mich. 1910. pp 31-44. WOT BED AMS: De Troost der Liefde by het Scheiden op Aarde. Sermon. Esco. Gaekea Mice LO lla ppi24. De Intuitieve Philosophie van James McCosh. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1914. pp 415. Het Wezen der Religie. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1915. pp 47. Nadere Toelichting Omtrent de Zaak Janssen. Joint author with F. M. Ten Hoor, W. Heyns, L. Berkhof. Holland Printing Co. Holland, Mich. 1921. pp 83. 296 BIBLIOGRAPHY Waar het in de Zaak-Janssen om Gaat. Joint author with L. Berkhof, H. Danhof, Y. P. De Jong, W. Heyns, H. Hoeksema, H. J. Kuiper, F. M. Ten Hoor. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 41. VOS, GEERHARDUS Mosaic Origin of the Pentateuchal Codes. A. C. Armstrong & Son. INGLY #0 1886.2 pp2260. De Verbondsleer in de Geref. Theologie. Democrat Press. G. R. Mich. 1891. pp 68. De Geestelyke Opstanding. J. C. Melis. G. R. Mich. pp 24. Sermon. Hellenistic Greek Grammar. G. R. Mich. pp 123. Class Lectures. The Idea of Biblical Theology as a Science and as a Theological Discipline. Anson Randolph Co. N. Y. 1894. pp 40. Eschatological Aspect of the Pauline Conception of the Spirit. Scrib- ners. N. Y. 1912. In Biblical and Theological Studies. pp 209-259. Systematische Theologie. G. R. Mich. 1916. pp 134. Class Lectures Grace and Glory. Reformed Press. G. R. Mich. 1924. pp 155. Spiegel der Genade. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 88. Poems. WALKOTTEN, HENRY De Heidenzending Onzer Kerk. In Gedenkboek. J. B. Hulst. G, R. Mich. 1907. pp 143-156. 7 De Zuni Indianen. B. Sevensma. G. R. Mich. pp 126. De Navaho Indianen. Grand Rapids Printing Co. G. R. Mich. 1909. pp 78. De..Weg des Pe'grims “naar het, \Vaderhuiss™ Esco Gi Rae Micie 1924. pp 220. WARS NG ys Knowing Christ and the Power of His Resurrection. In Manifold Grace. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1914. pp 126-135. The Schoolboard’s Supervision of the Christian Character of the In- struction. In The Bible and Education. Chicago. 1925. pp 85-93. WYNGAARDEN, MARTIN The Syriac Version of the Book of Daniel. W. Drugulin. Leipzig. 1923. pp 40. ZWIER, DANIEL Bible Instruction in the Catechism Classes. In The Bible and Education. Chicago. 1925. pp 55-70. BIBLIOGRAPHY 297 SUBJECT INDEX ARCHAEOLOGY BERRHOE LL, Life under the Law in a Pure Theocracy. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1914. pp 22. Biblical Archaeology. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1915. pp 180. BEUK ER SH: Bybelsche Archaeologie. P. Van der Sluys. Amsterdam. pp 112. DE ON Gs.Ge DD: An Outline of Biblical Archaeology. Class Lectures. G.._R. Mich. 1909. pp 60. BIBLE HISTORY. HEY NS Ww, Nieuw-Testamentische Geschiedenis. G. R. Mich. pp 227. Class Lectures. Werken ter Bevordering van Bybelkennis. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1918. pp 91. Outlines and Notes on Bible History N. T. Van Noord Publishing (One Ge eM iChs1 92 bee npn 246: BIBLIOGRAPHY. BOUMA,-G A Theological Bibliography. Reformed Press, G. R. Mich. 1925. Dprsls BIOGRAPHY Je OO cyl wb Het Leven van President McKinley. H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. 1901. pp 200. Willem Hendrik Frieling. Verhaar. G. R. Mich. 1902. pp 16. Abraham Lincoln. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1909. pp 224. BROENE, J. The Man Luther. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1918. pp 20. HEMKES, G. K. Eenige Bladzyden uit het Dagboek of Ontmoetingen eens Leeraars. G. Reits. Groningen. 1872. pp 130. Een Man des Volks. Biography of Prof, G. E. Boer. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1904. pp 255. NOORDEWIER, J. Een Tachtig Jarige. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1920. pp 85. CALVIN COLLEGE AND THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL DE JONG, G. Eenige Mededeelingen aangaande de Theologische School der Christ. Geref. Kerk. in Amerika. 1900. pp 27. Onze Theologische School. In Gedenkboek. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 87-122. 298 BIBLIOGRAPHY KUIPERI5 Ks The Proposed Calvinistic College at Grand Rapids. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1903. pp 65. VAN DEN BOSCH; J:1G: John Calvin College. Jn Gedenkboek. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 125-131. CATECHETICS BEUKER, H. Catechetiek. G. R. Mich. pp 32. Class Lectures. HEYNS? W. Handboek voor de Catechetiek. Esco. G. R. Mich. pp 253. ZWitR sD: Bible Instruction in the Catechism Classes. In The Bible and Educa- tion. Chicago. 1925. pp 55-70. CATECHISMS BEETS eb A Compendium of the Christian Religion. Joint author with M. J. Bosmas Jib etlLulstemG shew Michs 90s poeso, Sacred History for Juniors. Joint author with M. J. Bosma. J. B. Hulst. 4G) Rie Miche" 1903.) ppv33: Borstius Primer of Bible Truths. Joint author with M. J. Bosma. Je Ba Hulst. GR. Mich 21904 "ppis0: Sacred History for Seniors. Joint author with M. J. Bosma. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1906. pp 88. Catechism of Reformed Doctrine. Joint author with M. J. Bosma. JB Hulstay Gr Re Mich. 619070 top. co. Primer of Reformed Doctrines. Joint author with J. F. Zwemer. Translation of J. H. Donner’s Eenvoudig Onderricht. Esco. G. R. Mich. #1912 ipoes | Compendium Explained. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1919. pp 292. Student’s Compendium. Reformed Press. G. R. Mich. 1925. pp 162. BOSMA, M. J. Sacred History for Juniors. Joint author with H. Beets. J. B. Hulst-GoRe Mich 1903: pp 32: Compendium of the Christian Religion. Joint author with H. Beets. J; B..Hulst. -G-ReMich;.+1903.) pp 36: Borstius Primer of Bible Truths. Joint author with H. Beets. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1904. pp 30. Sacred History for Seniors. Joint author with H. Beets. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1906. pp 88. Catechism of Reformed Doctrine. Joint author with H. Beets. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 86. BRINK, J. W. Dyksterhuis’ Compendium of the Christian Religion. Translated and Augmented. Muskegon, Mich. 1907. pp 52. bo © © BIBLIOGRAPHY BRUNA alee. Catechism for Indian Christians. Toadlena, N. Mexico. 1910. pp 38. PINING Bo Ho: Korte Vragen naar de Verklaring van het Kort Begrip door Elzinga. He R> Brink. Holland, Miche Gppscz. FRYLING, H. Navaho Translation of Borstius’ Primer. Grand Rapids Printing Co. G. R. Mich. 1905. pp 34. GHEY SEL Saale Notes on the Compendium Explained. Steketee Printing Co. Hol- land, Mich. 1924. HIEMENGA, J. J. Vragen naar Aanleiding van het Kort Begrip. pp 12. HOEKENGA, P. J. Eenige Korte Vragen voor de Kleine Kinderen door J. Borstius. Gewyzigd en Aangevuld. 1909. pp 30. Handleidende Vragen by het Kort Begrip. pp 38. eR ORDA LVUISy Oy em ga Dy Vragen naar Aanleiding van Elzinga’s Verklaring van Kort Begrip. EScosa Grek. Miche 1915.8 pp 230: HYLKEMA, G. First Book in Christian Doctrine. Joint author with E. J. Tuuk. Economic Press Chicago. 1925. pp 88. IU Te Res Tot The Compendium Simplified and Amplified. Esco. G. R. Mich. 192055 DDE. SEUAR TW. Manual for the Study of the Compendium of the Christian Religion. Joint author with W, P. Van Wyk. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 40 TABLE A ea Deeb First Book in Christian Doctrine. See above Hylkema. G. WAN eDER: WER P, ‘1H. De Voorlooper van Kort Begrip en Catechismus. pp 31. Overzicht van de Hoofdwaarheden des Christelyken Geloofs. De Grondwet. Holland, Mich. 1888. pp 22. VAN DER WERP, J. De Geref. Geloofsleer in Vragen en Antwoorden. H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. 1909. pp 130. NEA VEY Wee: Toelichting by Kort Begrip. P. Duyverdam. Leiden. 1908. pp 37. Manual for the Study of the Compendium of the Christian Religion. See above Stuart, W. ) CHRISTIAN EDUCATION. BERKHOPF, L. Het Christelyk Onderwys en Onze Kerkelyke Toekomst. H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. 1905. pp 15. Christendom en Leven. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1912. pp 127. 300 BIBLIOGRAPHY Our Principles: What are They? In Michigan Christian Teachers Institute Lectures. Dalm Printing Co. Kal. Mich. 1914. pp 1-22. BOUMA, C. Propagating Christian Education. In The Bible and Education, Chicago, 1925. pp 107-127. BRINK, J. W. Welke is de School, voor Onze Kinderen? H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. 1904. pp 12. BROENE, J. The Qualifications Essential in a Christian Teacher. In Michigan Christian Teachers Institute Lectures. Dalm Printing Co. Kal. Mich. 1914. pp 23-39. ELOKST RAWLS): The Christian Day School’s Share in Giving Biblical Instruction. In The Bible and Education, Chicago. 1925. pp 78-85. GROEN, J. Onze Lagere School. H. Holkeboer. Holland, Mich. 1903. pp 15. 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Rie Mich. 19115 pp 117, The Public School an Ideal and a Beacon. In Michigan Christian Teachers Institute Lectures. Dalm Printing Co. Kal. Mich. 1914. pp 59-71. BIBLIOGRAPHY 301 VANMUEN BOSCH]. .G: Vocational’ Educations = Escos*uin’ RR. Mich) 1911,5> pp 212. . In Handwyzers, Een Vyftal Referaten. Our Schools—What They Are and What They Should Be. In Michigan Christian Teachers Institute Lectures. Dalm Printing Co. Kal. Mich. 1914. pp 43-57. he ANGE 7, Yo [ee The Distinctive Features of the Christian School. Joint translator of T. Van der Kooy’s Het Typeerende van de Geref. School. Esco Ghee Michie 1925.9 ppe/o. Bible Instruction in the School. In The Bible and Education. Chicago. 1925. pp 40-55. WEERSING: Ja J: The Schoolboard’s Supervision of the Christian Character of the In- struction. In The Bible and Education. Chicago. pp 85-93. CHURCH HISTORY BEE Doe: De Christ. Geref. Kerk in Haar Oorsprong en Worstelperiode. In Gedenkboek. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 3-68. De Christ. Geref. Kerk. Zestig Jaren van Stryd en Zegen. G. R. Printing, Co. Gake Mich?) 219183 pp 1439: The Christian Reformed Church. Eastern Ave. Bookstore. G. R. Mich. ~1923. pp 255. BEURER SH: Tubantiana. J. H. Kok. Kampen. 1897. pp 75. BODE, W. Onze Duitsche Gemeenten. In Gedenkboek. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 71-76. BOSMA, M. J. Our American Churches. In Gedenkboek. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 79-84. BULTEMA, H. De Afzetting van Ds. Bultema en Zyn Kerkeraad. Bereer Pub. Co. Muskegon, Mich. pp 16. Het Ontstaan der Eerste Bereer Geref. Gemeente van Muskegon. Friesema Bos. Detroit, Mich. pp 44. DEJ ONG, G.-D: Historische Schetsen van de Voornaamste Kerken in Amerika. G. R: Mich. 1912. pp 193. Class Lectures. DRUKKER, D. R. Comparison Between the Past and the Present. In Souvenir of the Sixtieth Anniversary of the Colonization of the Hollanders of West- ern Michigan. Powers Tyson Co. G. R. Mich. 1907. pp 27-31. GROEN, J. Onze Roeping en Idealen voor de Toekomst. In Gedenkboek. J. 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Holland, Mich. 1898. pp 49. CHURCH POLITY TBM OF BSE 1S hy Kerkenorde der Christ. Geref. Kerk. Joint author with G. °K. Hemkes, W. Heyns. J. B. Hulst. G. R. Mich. 1905. pp 164. BEUKER, H. Kerkrecht en Kerkregeering. G. R. Mich. pp 203. Class Lectures. BIBLIOGRAPHY 303 DE JONG, G. D. Schets van het Geref. Kerkrecht. G. R. Mich. 1913. pp 199. Class Lectures. HEMKES, G. K. Algemeene Bepalingen der Holl. Christ. Geref Kerk. Joint author with R. T. Kuiper, W. H. Fryling, J. Noordewier. De Wachter, Holland, Mich. 1881. pp 126. Kerkenorde der Christ. Geref. Kerk. Joint author with H. Beets. W. Heyns. See above Beets, H. HEYNS, W. Kerkenorde der Christ. Geref. Kerk. Joint author with H. Beets, G. K. Hemkes. See above Beets, H. Kybernetiek. G. R. Mich. 1922. pp 439. Class Lectures. Kerkenorde der Christ. Geref. Kerk. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1917 Doel): Het Ouderlingschap. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1919. pp 170. PO BIeS tT RAG \=2B; Kerkenordening van Dordrecht benevens de Bepalingen der Christ. Geref. Kerk in Amerika. Joint author with J. H. Vos, J. Noorde- Wich Ewtochttg ou. Vansderabecks | }o0b™ Hulste) Geek... Micha! 1897. pp 84. KEEGSTRA, H. Kerkelyk Handboek. Joint author with I. Van Dellen. Esco. G. Ree Micheal O15 apy e223: NOORDEWIER, J. Algemeene Bepalingen der Holl. Christ. Geref. Kerk in Amerika. See above Hemkes, G. K. SCHUDSR: Kerkenordening van Dordrecht benevens de Bepalingen van de Christ. Geref. Kerk in Amerika. See above Hoekstra, J. B. VANDER ELEN, I. - Kerkelyk Handboek. See above. Keegstra, H. CONFESSIONS HEMEKES,;G..K. Symboliek. G. R. Mich. pp 59. Class Lectures. DOGMATICS BERICH OB. lf, Premillennialisme. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1918. pp 59. De Drie Punten in Alle Deelen Gereformeerd. Esco. G. R. Mich. 1925. pp 64. BEUIGER, HH: Inleiding op de Dogmatiek. G. R. Mich. pp 100. Class Lectures. BORDUIN, M. Rechtvaardigmaking en Wedergeboorte. Ga‘esburg, Ia. pp 93. 30-4 BIBLIOGRAPHY BOSMA, M. J. Exposition of Reformed Doctrine. Van Noord Publishing Co. G. R. 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