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 LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL. SEMINARY 
 
 PRINCETON. N. J.) 
 
 * 
 
 : "PRESENTED BY 
 
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 f BV 4070 G56 W46 1926. 
 Wentz, Abdel Ross, 1883- 
 History of the Gettysburg 
 
 theological seminary 
 
 
 

 
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 SAMUEL SIMON SCHMUCKER, D.D. 
 CHIEF FOUNDER, 
 FIRST PROFESSOR, HEAD OF THE SEMINARY FOR THIRTY-EIGHT YEARS 
 
History 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Gettysburg Theological 
 Seminary 
 
 OF THE 
 
 General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the 
 United States and of the United Lutheran Church 
 
 in America, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. 
 
 1826--1926 
 
 By 
 ABDEL ROSS ‘WENTZ, Ph.D., D.D. 
 
 Professor of Church History in the Seminary. 
 
 
 
 Published by the Authority of the Directors 
 Printed for the Seminary by 
 THES UNTITLED LUTHERAN PUBLICATION. -HOUSE 
 1228-34 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
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PREFACE 
 
 Projected by the Faculty and sponsored by the Board of Directors, this 
 HISTORY is intended to be an integral part of the centennial celebration. 
 
 Those who want to find a direct course through the history of the 
 Seminary should begin to read at Chapter VI or Chapter VII. The first 
 five chapters are introductory. They embody the results of much research 
 and bring together facts that we thought might well be gathered and 
 grouped. At the same time they pave the way for an understanding of the 
 real significance of the Gettysburg Seminary in the life of the American 
 Lutheran Church. But the story of the Seminary itself begins at page 90. 
 
 Our aim has been to give an accurate and readable account of the origin 
 and growth of the institution. In the effort to present the narrative in such 
 a form as to interest the general reader, we have included some detai!s 
 that the average student of Lutheran history might regard as superfluous. 
 The purpose has been to lend life and color to the story. 
 
 The author has tried to be a faithful reporter and not a critic. He has 
 honestly striven to be fair to all individuals, parties, and movements. His 
 statements are based for the most part on primary sources, such as private 
 letters, unpublished reports of officers, manuscript minutes of the Faculty 
 and the Board of Directors, and proceedings of district synods and general 
 bodies. Hundreds of volumes of the religious press, particularly the 
 Lutheran Observer, were used. The Schmucker and Sheeleigh collections 
 of pamphlets afforded much material. Numerous other sources of informa- 
 tion were called into requisition. It was not feasible to cite authorities in 
 the text of the narrative nor to add a separate bibliography, which would 
 have included a large part of the catalogue of the Lutheran Historical 
 Society, in whose invaluable collection nearly all our source-materials are 
 found. 
 
 In preparing Chapter VI, I have had to go over the ground covered by 
 Chapters IX and XI of my “Lutheran Church in American History” and 
 have found it impossible not to repeat myself. This is particularly the case 
 with pages 75-80 and 85-88. 
 
 To the reader it may seem that the subject has been treated exhaustively. 
 To the writer it seems that it has only been sketched in outline. One 
 might delve beneath the surface at almost any point and write an entire 
 volume on any of the chapter titles here presented. 
 
 To the future historian of the Seminary the present writer wishes to 
 acknowledge a sense of uncertainty in dealing with the last quarter of a 
 
 5 
 
PREFACE 
 
 century in the Seminary’s life. This was due partly to a lack of long 
 perspective in which to view the events and partly to the fact that so many 
 of the personalities of this period have not yet finished their work. 
 
 The history of the Seminary is a record of growth from feeble begin- 
 nings to great usefulness in the Church. It is a story of faith and per- 
 severance, of sacrifice and toil, on the part of our fathers. No one can 
 read the inspiring record without feeling that the hand of God directs the 
 affairs of the Church and sustains the life of the seminaries, the focal 
 points of the Church. But while the achievements of the century should 
 fill us with gratitude to God for the past, the contemplation of the Semi- 
 nary’s progressive development in influence and resources should fill us 
 with a sense of obligation and point the finger of duty to the coming age. 
 The service which God has permitted the Gettysburg Seminary to render 
 to His Kingdom in the Evangelical Lutheran Church should fill us with 
 joy and stimulate us to undertake tasks which may require even greater 
 faith and devotion. 
 
 ABDEL ROSS WENTZ. 
 
 GETTYSBURG, Pa. 
 FEBRUARY 20, 1926. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 (Coben Bienen & 
 
 LUTHERAN THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN AMERICA BEFORE 
 
 Vitti N BERG are ret aes Uy en ee ee ar ek Tie iil 
 CHAP PE Reh. 
 LUTHERAN THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN AMERICA IN MUH- 
 REI ERG CURULM ER nU eater acre ke Nemes) Vet 2h 
 GEA bh Raab 
 ae WORK OFs|/OHN CHRISTOPHER KUNZE..... ..0).) 00. 38 
 CHART ER Reiye 
 etme UTORING “UN. | HEOLOGY » . ethos na . Babel eccaes oa 49 
 GHA PT ERE V: 
 ee CON ee SEEM TNCARY oo) ccciicinadidshc hoe lecars coe be eles blvtatheetlele 64 
 GHAP TE RAY Is 
 EMEC ACR CELL FL OO. RAH ROT hk ethane ye i enue Ue aed 74 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued 
 
 PAGE 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Lae (SETTYSBURG OENIINARY. BEGINS. 4. i) 0) eed Oe eee 90 
 Grebo teh ey 1 [1 
 
 plgete CELE be OUIN DERM Mee Mass atten ce focused’ eve ha cone ee ae 106 
 CHAP LER OLX 
 
 PROMS UNFANGYer 0: WUATURIEY © 526515400) creme, snes eee 128 
 GHA PIR RIX: 
 
 A PERIoD oF INTERNAL ‘Discorp, 1846-1864, .73.12 2.0... 15%, 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 DURING: THE BATTUE) G63 cops <e es eee 191 
 
 Geral Rexel de 
 
 RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS, 1864-1896... 215 
 
 Gr ARE re Re cll: 
 
 Bic BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY, 1896-1926........ 247 
 
 Grp ERs lV. 
 
 IVETERIGKS (AND IBELISK St cule Ql als MAREE ce cok Soe 282 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continucd 
 
 PAGE 
 CHAPTER XVy 
 ER LCACICTY) eae Ae ae ies re tee Ne eQ)] 
 GHAP BAREX Vilt 
 IME eIS AR DAE ML UIREOLOR Sener cee See Sy. Me eens ean ToD) 341 
 PuIHeeA LUNN Ls ECORD merges. 4 08. el ose Peete PrN ce, 357 
 PAC AP LICH Pom ND Ree arr A ae ee oe Rgds ibe Mey tae 595 
 POAT LIN DEa Winnie aca ee bee eects Dd a: 3 ku oral 
 
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Centennial History of the 
 Gettysburg Theological Seminary 
 
 1826--1926 
 
 Cis aioe 
 
 LUTHERAN THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN AMERICA 
 BEFORE MUHLENBERG 
 
 The schools are the citadels of the future. In any long-continued 
 struggle, ultimate victory rests with the party that can capture and hold the 
 teachers and the text-books. In the conflict of Christianity with heathenism 
 in early Christian history, Christianity prevailed because it captured the 
 schools. 
 
 There is an integral relation between educational progress and general 
 national progress. The history of our country is closely 
 bound up with the history of our schools. Likewise, the The Unity 
 history of religion in our country is closely bound up of All Life 
 with the history of religious instruction in family, in 
 school, in church. More specifically, the history of the Christian Church 
 is really the history of ministerial education written large. 
 
 To this rule the Lutheran Church in America is no exception. The 
 quantity and quality of our ministerial supply is the 
 measure of our Church’s growth and usefulness in How a Church 
 this country. This is made possible by the friendly Grows 
 independence that exists between Church and State in 
 our country. 
 
 There are at present in the United States of America one hundred 
 thirty-one Protestant theological seminaries. Of this num- 
 ber seventeen are theological departments of colleges. In The Number 
 Canada there are thirty Protestant seminaries. More of Seminaries 
 than forty millions of dollars are listed as productive 
 endowment funds in these institutions. The Lutheran Church in America 
 
 11 
 
HISTORY OFPSGE TTY SBURGHSEMINATSY 
 
 claims thirty-three of these seminaries, about one-fourth of the total. Their 
 combined property value is estimated at six million two hundred ninety-five 
 thousand two hundred forty dollars. Altogether they have graduated, since 
 the first seminary began, twelve thousand three hundred thirty-five students. 
 Of this number four hundred fifty-three were women. These figures repre- 
 sent a rather remarkable achievement and a detailed account of that achieve- 
 ment would involve a fairly complete narrative of the life of the Lutheran 
 Church in this country during the past century. 
 But for more than two-thirds of her history in this 
 The Need country the Lutheran Church was without any theological 
 Not Realized seminary. The Seminary at Gettysburg is now a cen- 
 } tury old. It was established in 1826. It was the begin- 
 ning of Lutheran theological education under Church auspices in this 
 country. For more than two centuries before that date there were Luth- 
 erans in America. They had a part in the slow beginnings of nearly all 
 the American colonies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. But for 
 a long time these Lutherans in the American colonies were not organized 
 into congregations. And for generations after the organization of Lutheran 
 congregations on American soil, these congregations regarded themselves 
 merely as mission stations of the mother churches in Europe and gave 
 little or no thought to the matter of a native ministry. Even after the 
 need for a native ministry was felt, theological education was unorganized 
 and ministerial training was very elementary, and another century passed 
 before the project of a theological seminary was realized. 
 In order to understand the significance of the Gettys- 
 Preliminaries burg Seminary, the circumstances of its origin in 1826, 
 and the shaping events of its century of history, it will 
 be necessary first to review briefly these two centuries of preliminaries. 
 This we can best do by considering the conditions that prevailed in the 
 Church at that time and by recounting the various efforts that were made, 
 by individuals and by organizations, to provide for the training of the 
 Lutheran ministry in this country. 
 The first Lutherans to settle on American shores were the Dutch. They 
 came to New York. There were many Lutherans in Holland at the be- 
 ginning of the seventeenth century, and when the Dutch 
 Lutherans West India Company effected its settlements on the 
 from Holland Hudson in 1623 and 1625 the Lutherans co-operated with 
 their countrymen in the enterprise and some of them 
 came along to America. Most of them had come to Holland from other 
 countries of Europe, as Germany and the Scandinavian lands. But they 
 had identified themselves in many respects with their Dutch neighbors, 
 many of them were speaking the Dutch language, and so in the histories 
 they are generally known as Dutch Lutherans. 
 
 12 
 
THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION BEFORE MUHLENBERG 
 
 The number of these Dutch Lutherans at Albany and on Manhattan 
 Island must have been very small, and as the official religious organization 
 of the settlements on the Hudson was the Reformed 
 Church, the Lutherans found themselves hindered in the 
 exercise of their faith. Not until the middle of the 
 century did they even attempt the organization of a congregation. 
 
 They appealed to the Lutherans of Amsterdam for a minister and in 
 1657 Pastor Goetwasser arrived. But the Reformed pastors in the colony 
 succeeded in having him sent back to Europe. Five years 
 later the Lutherans imported a Dutch student, Abelius Pastors from 
 Zetskoorn, to be their minister, but under the religious Europe 
 intolerance of the times he was immediately expelled 
 from the colony and found a home among the Lutherans on the Delaware. 
 After the Dutch colony surrendered to the English in 1664 the Lutherans 
 were granted toleration and the prospects of pastoral oversight grew brighter. 
 There were now Lutheran congregations both on Manhattan Island and 
 at Albany. But the English authorities insisted that no one should officiate 
 as minister without ordination. This was entirely in keeping with the 
 English ideas of order and their theory of the ministry, and this require- 
 ment alone would have killed any effort at the training of a native ministry 
 in the colony at that time. The Dutch Lutherans in America continued to 
 seek their ministerial supplies in Holland. 
 
 After two men from Holland had been called by the Consistory at Am- 
 sterdam and had declined to go to America, the call was finally accepted by 
 Jacob Fabritius, a German by birth. He reached New 
 York in 1669, but his ministry was a great disappoint- Fabritius 
 ment to his congregations. In less than two years his and Arensius 
 own congregrations forced him to resign and the Lutheran 
 authorities at Amsterdam at once sent over Bernhard Arensius. Under his 
 faithful ministry of twenty years the congregations flourished. But when 
 Arensius died the Lutheran authorities at Amsterdam were slow to respond 
 to the appeals for another Dutch pastor. The Lutherans in New York 
 at length pledged a salary for a minister, but even then no minister came 
 from Holland. The end of the seventeenth century finds the New York 
 Lutherans without a pastor. Later on, they turned to other Lutheran 
 settlements in America for their ministerial supply. The thought does not 
 seem to have occurred to them that without violation to any Lutheran prin- 
 ciple they might train up their own ministry. 
 
 There are several reasons why the Dutch Lu‘the-ans in America in the 
 
 Organization 
 Long Delayed 
 
 seventeenth century did nothing in the direction of ministerial training. 
 They never numbered more than forty-two families, and conditions not 
 only among them but throughout the colony were such as to make them 
 
 13 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 absolutely dependent on Europe for everything of spiritual value. Now it 
 was not the genius of the Dutch nation that made the early settlers of New 
 York slow in founding educational institutions, for Hol- 
 Reasons for land at that time easily led Europe in the school advan- 
 Inactivity tages of its common people. Motley describes the 
 Holland of that period as a land ‘where every child 
 went to school, where almost every individual inhabitant could read and 
 write, where even the middle classes were proficient in mathematics and 
 the classics and could speak two or more modern languages.” And Campbell 
 maintains that the zeal for education that characterized colonial Massa- 
 chusetts was acquired by the Puritans in their relations with the Dutch. 
 But when the Dutch came to the new world they were apparently slow 
 in proving their intellectual heritage. Four years elapsed after the settle- 
 ment began before there was any minister in the colony, 
 Hindering ten years before the first schoolmaster arrived, and 
 Circumstances thirty-six years before the first Latin school was begun. 
 And the increase in the number of churches and 
 schools and ministers did not by any means keep pace with the increase of 
 population in the colony. The chief reason for this is to be seen in the 
 absorption of the colonists in material things. The settlers of New York 
 had come for commercial purposes rather than from religious motives. 
 Dutch thrift was more in evidence than the missionary purpose. For a 
 long time the government of the colony was left in the hands of the West 
 India Company. Their concern was for dividends rather than for education. 
 All their policies for the colony were dictated by the merchantile spirit. 
 Afterwards the government of the colony was entrusted to a director- 
 general. This was paternalism. It stifled the growth of free institutions. 
 And so again the enlightened temperament that characterized the popula- 
 tion of Holland beyond any other country in Europe remained without 
 fruitage in the Dutch colony in America. 
 After the British conquest in 1664, the English began 
 Dependent to sweep into the colony of New York. The policy of 
 on Europe religious toleration was introduced. But the uncertain 
 political conditions of Europe and the many changes 
 in the government of the colony kept the colonists in a state of constant 
 excitement, and the thought of educational or spiritual independence of 
 Europe was even farther from their minds than the thought of political 
 independence. So the churches, especially the Lutherans with their small 
 numbers, were content to regard themselves as mission stations of the 
 mother church in Holland and to receive their ministerial supply through 
 the Lutheran consistory at Amsterdam. 
 The eighteenth century dawned and Amsterdam failed to send another 
 minister. But that did not suggest to the Dutch to prepare their own. They 
 
 14 
 
THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION BEFORE MUHLENBERG 
 
 had not learned church practice from their forebears in Holland. For the 
 Lutherans in Holland, with all their numbers and influence, had never estab- 
 lished a theological seminary. Many of them were Ger- 
 
 mans, either by birth or by recent ancestry, so they had No Thought 
 sent their ministerial candidates to Germany to be of Training 
 trained. And in many cases the candidates themselves Ministers 
 
 were Germans. For this reason as well as_ for 
 
 other reasons, such as their comparative weakness in number and _ their 
 absorption in material things, it was only natural, when the Dutch Luth- 
 erans of New York found themselves unable to procure a minister from 
 Europe, that instead of preparing to train ministers from among their own 
 ranks they should cast about for some other source from which to draw 
 their spiritual supplies. The only possibility that suggested itself was to 
 turn to other Lutheran groups in America. 
 
 The nearest Lutheran neighbors to the Dutch in New York during the 
 seventeenth century were the Swedes on the Delaware. These Swedish 
 Lutherans had begun to arrive in America in 1638. By 
 the middle of the century they numbered about five hun- The Swedes on 
 dred and were scattered on both sides of the Delaware the Delaware 
 River from the present site of Wilmington to the present 
 site of Philadelphia. The colony had been planned by Gustavus Adolphus, 
 the hero of the Thirty Years’ War. The country on the Delaware was 
 held in the name of the Swedish sovereign and the colony was called New 
 Sweden. The governors who were sent out by the King of Sweden were 
 given explicit instructions not only concerning the administration of political 
 affairs but also concerning the government of the Church. | 
 
 As the Lutheran Church was the established church in Sweden, the colo- 
 nists on the Delaware were early provided with a Lutheran minister. 
 Eighteen years before even Goetwasser came to the 
 Dutch Lutherans in New York, Rev. Reorus Torkillus Pastors from 
 was sent to the Swedish Lutherans on the Delaware. He Old Sweden 
 was the first regular Lutheran minister in America. 
 
 When he fell a victim to the plague in 1643 he was succeeded by Rev. 
 John Campanius, another agent of the Swedish King. In 1646 Campanius 
 built a church on Tinicum Island in the Delaware river. This was the 
 first Lutheran Church ever erected in America. Campanius was an able 
 preacher and a faithful pastor. He was a man of scholarly instincts and 
 had received a thorough education. But Campanius had come to America 
 not to abide but only for a sojourn, and after five years of missionary 
 service in this country he asked to be recalled to Sweden. His request was 
 granted and he was rewarded with a good charge in the mother country. 
 During his stay in America, however, he had become deeply interested in 
 the Indians, had learned their language, and had translated Luther’s Small 
 
 15 
 
HISTORY4OR GETTYSBURG SEMINATAY 
 
 Catechism into their tongue. This was the first work translated into an 
 Indian dialect, although it was not published for nearly fifty years. 
 John Campanius was well qualified to be the theo- 
 
 Campanius logical instructor of ministerial candidates and prospec- 
 a Possible tive missionaries to the Indians. If he had spent the 
 Instructor rest of his long life in America and if he had seen the 
 
 need as men saw it a century later, he might have estab- 
 
 lished the Lutheran ministry in America on a_ self-perpetuating basis 
 already at that early date. 
 
 Campanius was succeeded by Rev. Lars Lock as pastor of the Swedish 
 
 Lutheran Churches at Tinicum and Wilmington. His long and faithful pas- 
 
 torate of twenty-two years witnessed two changes in 
 
 Under Dutch the political control of the colony on the Delaware. Both 
 Rule of these changes of government had their bearing on the 
 
 question of ministerial supply. In 1655, when domes- 
 tic troubles arose in Sweden, the Dutch of New York took advantage of 
 the situation to conquer New Sweden, and the Dutch flag was raised 
 over the Swedish forts. That was the end of Swedish rule in America. 
 Many of the Swedish colonists returned to Sweden and the colony was 
 greatly weakened. The Dutch governors, although they were Reformed, 
 nevertheless allowed the Lutheran settlers on the Delaware to retain their 
 Lutheran pastors and teachers. But all touch with the mother country of 
 Sweden was soon lost, immigration ceased, and appeals for Swedish pas- 
 tors went unanswered because the settlements on the Delaware were no 
 longer a colony of Sweden. 
 
 In 1664 the English took New York, and Dutch rule over the settle- 
 ments on the Delaware gave way to English rule. The Swedish Lutherans 
 
 then sent petitions to the Lutheran consistory of Lon- 
 Under English don asking for a pastor who could minister to them in 
 Rule Swedish. But these petitions received no response. The 
 
 pastors of the State Church in Sweden could not be 
 interested in the spiritual needs of a British colony. The spiritual desti- 
 tution of New Sweden was becoming desperate. Pastor Lock was rapid y 
 growing feeble in the service and in 1677 had to give up his work entirely. 
 Jacob Fabritius, who had come from among the Dutch Lutherans of New 
 York, was his faithful helper for a number of years, but in 1682 he became 
 totally blind. The colony was now without any minister whatever and 
 the parishes were rapidly disintegrating. 
 
 But the Lutherans on the Delaware were not without enterprising lay- 
 men. Two of these faithful men tried to hold the congregations together. 
 Andrew Bengston conducted services and read sermons in the Church at 
 Tinicum, and Charles Springer did the same at Wilmington. In such a 
 situation the thought might have suggested itself to these devout Lutherans 
 
 16 
 
THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION BEFORE MUHLENBERG 
 
 in America that they should train one of their own number and set him 
 apart for the ministry. But if this thought occurred to anyone there is no 
 evidence that it ever received expression; even if they 
 
 could have found a candidate there was now no longer Material 
 anyone who could have given him the training, and fur- Among the 
 thermore those Swedish laymen were too accustomed to Laymen 
 
 episcopal ordination to think of proceeding them- 
 
 selves to set apart a minister. If those sturdy Lutheran laymen from 
 the north could have seen a century ahead of their times or if they could 
 have set themselves back a century and caught the full spirit of Martin 
 Luther, those congregations along the Delaware that were the Church 
 homes of those early Swedish Lutherans (Old Swedes’ Church in Wil- 
 mington and Gloria Dei in Philadelphia) would in all probability still 
 belong to the Lutheran Church. But such breadth of vision was not to 
 be expected. And so in their great spiritual need those pious Lutheran 
 laymen continued to offer prayers to God and to send letters to Europe. 
 
 At length their prayers were answered. God’s providence led a traveler 
 from Sweden to learn about his countrymen on the Dela- 
 ware. He visited them and saw their spiritual destitu- More Pastors 
 tion. On his return to Sweden he succeeded in interest- from Sweden 
 ing the king in their case. After investigation, King 
 Charles sent them a large number of Bibles and other devotional books, 
 five hundred copies of Luther’s Catechism translated into the Indian lan- 
 guage, and, above all, three worthy ministers of the Gospel. The new 
 ministers arrived on the Delaware in, 1697 and a new period in the history 
 of the Lutheran colony began. The close of the century sees the Lutherans 
 of Wilmington and vicinity worshiping with Pastor Eric Bjork in a fixe 
 new stone structure (now known as “Old Swedes’ Church”) while the 
 congregation at Tinicum, under the leadership of Pastor Andrew Rudman, 
 has removed to William Penn’s town and has erected Gloria Dei Church, 
 an interesting landmark to this day. 
 
 The most brilliant period in the history of this Lutheran colony belongs 
 to the next century. But the influences that finally carried these congre- 
 gations out of the Lutheran Church are clearly seen 
 already in this seventeenth century. They have to do A Shortsighted 
 with the ministerial supply. The Swedish authorities em- Policy 
 ployed a shortsighted policy and the American colonists 
 naturally could not rise above it. The settlement in America was treated 
 as a perpetual missionary outpost of the State Church of Sweden. The 
 pastors were taught to regard themselves as temporary missionaries in 
 waiting for better positions at home. Their terms of service were for 
 the most part brief. There was no effort to cultivate in the Americans 
 a sense of responsibility and self-support. 
 
 17 
 
HISTORY POPSGETLYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Laymen rarely assumed any responsibilities in the congregation. There 
 was apparently no lack of material among the laymen for possible candi- 
 dates for the ministry, and there certainly were men 
 No Plans for a among the pastors who might have given theological in- 
 Native Ministry struction. But there was simply no thought among these 
 pioneers of the wilderness, these colonials of Sweden, 
 Holland, and England in turn, these children of the State Church of Sweden 
 —there was no thought of providing for the training of a native American 
 ministry or of securing the future independent development of the Swed- 
 ish Lutheran Church in America. 
 The Dutch Lutherans in New York and the Swedish 
 German Lutherans on the Delaware gave no thought to the mat- 
 Lutherans ter of training ministers for their pulpits. But when 
 we turn from the seventeenth century to the eighteenth 
 century, Lutherans of another nationality begin to reach American shores. 
 These new arrivals were destined soon to outnumber the American Luth- 
 erans of all other nationalities and throughout the eighteenth century to 
 constitute the most numerous and most vigorous element in the Lutheran 
 Church of America. They came from Germany. They came, as a rule, 
 not for commercial purposes nor for the purpose of colonizing for the 
 mother country, but impelled by religious motives. Among them were 
 many men of enterprise and men of high literary attainment. Among 
 them, therefore, we shall expect to find the first efforts, individual and 
 organized, to train up a native Lutheran ministry in America. 
 The German Lutherans who came to America before 
 Need of the eighteenth century were inconsiderable in number. 
 Ministers There were individual German Lutherans among the 
 Dutch of New York and the Swedes on the Delaware. 
 There were no congregations or ministers among them. But William 
 Penn had begun the settlement of his inviting colony in 1681, and under 
 his benevolent instigation Germans in large numbers began to flee from 
 their adversities in Europe and take up their abode in Pennsylvania. The 
 majority of these German immigrants were Lutherans. Among the earliest 
 who arrived was a young man who had finished his theological studies at 
 the University of Halle but had not entered the ministry. 
 Justus It was Justus Falckner. He had come to Pennsylvania 
 Falckner as a land agent of William Penn. But the urgent need 
 of pastors among the Lutherans of New York led Falck- 
 ner to accept ordination from the Swedish pastors and take up the ministry 
 among the Dutch and German Lutherans along the Hudson. That was in 
 1700. Three years later Falckner’s elder brother, Daniel, gathered the 
 Lutherans of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, into an organization at 
 New Hanover (Falckner’s Swamp) and ministered to them until 1708. 
 
 18 
 
THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION BEFORE MUHLENBERG 
 
 Daniel Falckner had been educated for the ministry at the University at 
 Erfurt. He had come to America as the agent of a German land company. 
 But so great was his interest in the spiritual condition 
 of his countrymen in Pennsylvania that on his visit to Daniel 
 Germany in 1698-1700 he secured ordination for him- Falckner 
 self and persuaded his younger brother to come 
 along to America. The Falckner brothers thus occupy an important place 
 in the early history of the Lutheran ministry in America. Justus, as we have 
 seen, was the first Lutheran minister to be ordained in America and be- 
 came pastor of the oldest Lutheran congregation in this country. Daniel 
 was the first regular pastor of the first purely German Lutheran congre- 
 gation in America. After 1708, Daniel removed to New Jersey and the 
 rest of his ministry, about twenty years, was spent in that colony and in 
 New York. The Falckners did much to call the attention of the father- 
 land to the spiritual needs of the Germans in America, and to their letters 
 and publications is no doubt due the arrival of several other German 
 Lutheran ministers. 
 
 Shortly after the organization of the congregation at New Hanover we 
 hear of other German Lutheran congregations. They spring up at Ger- 
 mantown and in Philadelphia, at Providence (the 
 Trappe), at Lancaster, and at New Holland. Some of Empty Pulpits 
 the Germans of New York, dissatisfied with their 
 unjust treatment there, removed to Lebanon Valley, Pennsylvania, and 
 the Lutheran congregation at Tulpehocken was organized. Then arose 
 the demand for ministers to man these congregations. The Germans had 
 not brought pastors with them. To whom should they appeal? For a 
 time some of the congregations were visited by the Swedish Lutheran 
 pastors on the Delaware. But the Swedish settlement was declining and 
 the German immigration was rapidly increasing, so that by the middle of 
 the century there were at least forty thousand Lutherans in Pennsylvania. 
 Many of these had pushed westward across the Susquehanna and south- 
 westward to the Potomac, and presented a spiritual need far beyond the 
 powers of the Swedish pastors. From time to time imposters appeared 
 among them, ecclesiastical tramps who claimed to be ordained ministers, 
 and wrought much spiritual and moral havoc among them. 
 
 In course of time, however, several devoted pastors came directly from 
 Germany and ministered to their Lutheran brethren in America. The first 
 of these was Anthony Jacob Henkel. After twenty 
 years of ministry in the vicinity of Frankfort-on-the- Pioneer 
 Main, Henkel came to America in 1717. From New Preachers 
 Hanover as his home he went forth as a circuit preacher 
 visiting all the German settlements within reach, going as far south as 
 Virginia. He preached to the Lutherans in Philadelphia and German- 
 
 19 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 town, and perhaps it was he who founded these congregations. At New 
 Hanover the church building was renewed and the first schoolhouse was 
 erected. Henkel evidently was much concerned about the increase of the 
 ministerial ranks, for he ordained Bernard von Dieren, who seems to have 
 been utterly unworthy of the office and whom Daniel Falckner had firmly 
 refused to ordain. But Henkel’s best contribution to the ranks of the 
 Lutheran ministry is found in his descendants, who constitute a long line 
 of distinguished preachers, missionaries, physicians, and business men. 
 The year that Henkel died (1728) two prospective pastors arrived, at the 
 port of Philadelphia. They were father and son bearing the same name, 
 John Caspar Stoever. The father was forty-three years 
 The Stoevers of age and well-educated, but not--ordained. The 
 son was only twenty-one and although he had studied 
 theology under German pastors he was likewise unordained. Lack of or- 
 dination did not prevent the Stoevers from preaching and solemnizing 
 marriages and even administering the sacraments to their destitute country- 
 men in America. The elder Stoever went to Virginia and for several 
 years ministered to the Lutherans there. He died on shipboard in 1738, 
 returning from a collecting tour in Europe. The young man remained 
 in Pennsylvania and for fifty-one years devoted himself to the spiritual 
 interests of his fellow-Lutherans. It is easy to trace his unceasing mis- 
 sionary activity throughout the length and breadth of the colony and even 
 into Maryland and Virginia. In 1731 he applied to Daniel Falckner for 
 ordination but, for reasons unknown to us, Falckner declined to ordain 
 him. Not until 1733 was he ordained. Both father and son were then 
 ordained by a new minister from Germany, Rev. John Christian Schulz. 
 Schulz was the last of the forerunners of Muhlenberg. He did not stay 
 in America even a year. But he united the three congregations of Phila- 
 delphia, the Trappe and New Hanover into one parish 
 Organized under the title ‘the United Congregations.” Then he 
 Effort persuaded the congregations to send him and two lay- 
 men to Germany to solicit funds for churches and 
 schoolhouses and to secure more ministers and teachers. This mission 
 was not successful and Pastor Schulz never returned to America, but 
 the fact that it was undertaken by the Pennsylvania organization of con- 
 gregations indicates that the Lutherans in America were keenly alive to 
 the need of more ministers and that at last they were beginning to feel 
 that they must take the initiative in securing their ministerial supplies. 
 Meanwhile German Lutherans had arrived in other 
 Flocks Without colonies than Pennsylvania. Devastation of the Rhine 
 Shepherds Valley by the French and religious persecution of the 
 Protestants in that part of Germany had led to an ex- 
 tensive emigration by way of London to New York. In 1709 Pastor 
 
 20 
 
THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION BEFORE MUHLENBERG 
 
 Joshua Kocherthal arrived with a Lutheran congregation of sixty-one 
 persons. The next year three thousand more Germans reached the colony 
 of New York. These German settlers pushed northward along the Hudson 
 to the foot of the Catskills and westward into the Schoharie Valley and 
 along the Mohawk. But many of them remained in New York City. Soon 
 the German element among the Lutherans in the colony greatly outnum- 
 bered the Dutch Lutherans and their anglicized descendants, and there 
 was need for pastors who could use all three languages. The Falckners 
 used both Dutch and German in their ministrations in New York. Later 
 pastors served also in English. In New York City the language question 
 led to the usual protracted struggle and the usual division of organization 
 and the usual loss of forces. 
 
 Kocherthal died in 1719 and the Falckners a few years later, and both 
 Dutch and German congregations in the colony of New York were left 
 without ministry. Justus Falckner had appointed lay 
 “readers” to conduct the services while he was absent A New 
 in another part of the parish. These men kept up the Leader 
 public worship of the congregations with more or less 
 regularity until a new pastor arrived. In 1725 the petition that the New 
 York congregation had sent by personal messenger to the Lutheran consis- 
 tory of Amsterdam was answered in the arrival of William Christopher 
 Berkenmeyer. 
 
 In Pastor Berkenmeyer the American Lutheran Church of that early 
 day had a man who by temperament, talent and training was better fitted 
 than any other man of his day to become the founder 
 
 of a school of the prophets. He was a citizen of Ham- Berkenmeyer 
 burg and had been especially trained for his mission in a Possible 
 America. He was a man of mature age and profound Teacher 
 
 mind, a man of strict Lutheran convictions and scholarly 
 instincts, a man of impressive personality and high organizing talent. He 
 was forty years old and equipped with the qualities of aggressive leader- 
 ship so often manifested by the North Germans. That he was a thorough 
 student is indicated by the quality of the library that he brought along for 
 his congregation in America. It consisted of more than a hundred volumes, 
 many of them quite massive and ponderous. In America his library grew 
 to more than four hundred volumes. His marginal notes in these books 
 clearly show that he was a diligent student and a profound theologian. He 
 soon felt the need for more Lutheran ministers in America to help cultivate 
 the wide field, but he did not see the possibility of meeting that need in 
 America itself. He appealed to the Church authorities of Sweden asking 
 them to intercede with the King of Sweden to send ministers to America. 
 Berkenmeyer’s idea was that all the Lutheran congregations of America, 
 Dutch, Swedish and German, might be brought into some kind of unitary 
 
 21 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 organization, perhaps episcopal, and placed under the care of the King 
 of Sweden. The Swedish king would thus be charged with the responsi- 
 bility of continuing and augmenting the stream of Luth- 
 A Suggested eran pastors who should come from Europe to the 
 Solution American mission field. At the same time there would 
 be an adequate organization and authority to prevent the 
 assumptions of ecclesiastical tramps. This proposal of Berkenmeyer’s was 
 of course not at all feasible, but it is interesting because it indicates that 
 at least one mind in America was already at that early date struggling with 
 the problem of an adequate supply of ministers. | 
 An opportunity for a more practical solution of that serious problem 
 presented itself to Berkenmeyer in 1735. But apparently he never recog- 
 nized the opportunity. Difficulties had arisen between 
 An Oppor- Pastor Wolf and his Lutheran congregations in the New 
 tunity Passes Jersey field. Berkenmeyer called a conference of the 
 pastors and. congregations of New York and New Jersey. 
 Three pastors and nine lay delegates were present. Berkenmeyer was the 
 “president.” Those present subscribed the Amsterdam Church Order. Here 
 was every possibility and many of the semblances of a permanent synodical 
 organization. In fact, in opening the conference, Berkenmeyer referred to 
 the meeting as “this synod.” If Pastor Berkenmeyer and his colleagues 
 could at that time have lifted their vision beyond the special circumstances 
 that had called them together, if they had looked at the general need of 
 the Church as a whole, if they had prepared for regular meetings and had 
 organized themselves permanently under a constitution for administrative 
 purposes, then this would have been the first Lutheran Synod in America 
 and would have antedated any other organization by at least thirteen years. 
 Then, with such a man as Berkenmeyer in the lead, a practical method of 
 providing for ministerial supply, even through a native ministry, might have 
 been planned and executed and advanced to such strength that the turmoil 
 of the Revolutionary War could not have overturned it. But, as a matter 
 of fact, the meeting of ministers and laymen in 1735 was not repeated. No 
 synod was organized, and so far as Berkenmeyer was concerned the Amer- 
 ican Lutheran Church was to remain dependent upon Europe indefinitely for 
 its supply of pastors. 
 
 Berkenmeyer saw that his parish extending from New 
 
 Supply of York to Albany was too large for one pastor to cultivate 
 Ministers successfully. So he divided it. He himself took charge 
 Uncertain of the northern and more promising part of the field 
 
 and made his home at Athens. The southern part of 
 
 the field including New York City was placed in charge of Michael Chris- 
 
 tian Knoll, a native of Holstein. It was during Knoll’s pastorate that the 
 
 division in the New York congregation took place. Some of the Germans 
 22 
 
THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION BEFORE MUHLENBERG 
 
 withdrew from Trinity Church in protest against the Dutch language and 
 organized Christ Church, entirely German. But the pastor whom they 
 called, Rev. J. F. Reis, was one of those peripatetic preachers, and failed 
 to secure much following among the Germans. Knoll left New York for 
 Athens and the result was increased confusion in the city congregations. 
 This was the situation among the Lutherans of the New York colony 
 in the middle of the century when Berkenmeyer died. They had devised 
 no measures for ministerial training and they had no sure means of 
 filling their pulpits. This together with the distractions due to the language 
 queston brought about a situation that called for the steadying hand of a 
 Muhlenberg. 
 
 In the South also the problem of ministerial supply was about to be felt 
 at this time. There were some Lutherans among the Palatines and Swiss 
 who settled New Berne, North Carolina, in 1710, but as 
 they were too few in number to form a congregation In the South 
 and command the services of a pastor it seems 
 that they gradually went over to the Episcopal Church, which was the 
 established church in the Carolinas. The same emigration from the Palat- 
 inate and the Rhine Valley that brought so many German Lutherans to the 
 colony of New York brought a few Lutheran families also to the city of 
 Charleston. But they remained without spiritual ministration until Luth- 
 eran pastors in the neighboring colony of Georgia learned of their presence 
 and visited them. The ministers from Georgia also served the little circle 
 of German Lutheran families that were included in the settlement at Purys- 
 burg, South Carolina, in 1732. A larger group of Lutherans from Ger- 
 many and Switzerland had helped to form the settlement at Orangeburg, 
 South Carolina, in 1735. There were about ninety male members in 
 this Lutheran congregation and in 1737 they secured their own pastor in 
 the person of John Ulrich Giessendanner. 
 
 Pastor Giessendanner had been trained for the ministry and ordained in 
 his native Switzerland. He died after a brief ministry of less than two 
 years in America. Then the Orangeburg congregation 
 persuaded one of their own number to secure ordination The Giessen- 
 and become their pastor. This was a nephew of Pas- danners 
 tor Giessendanner of the same name. The young 
 man was distinguished among the laymen for his learning, piety, and 
 knowledge of the Scriptures. He seems to have studied theology in Europe 
 but to have come to America before he had been ordained. He was a firm 
 Lutheran in his convictions, but because of the exigencies of the situation 
 he was ordained by the Charleston Presbytery. Ten years later Pastor 
 Giessendanner went to London and secured Episcopal ordination, probably 
 for the sake of his legal standing in the colony. With this event the 
 Lutheran character of the congregation ceased, and at the close of the 
 
 23 
 
HIs TORY OF} GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Revolutionary War the congregation itself vanished from the pages of 
 history. 
 Much more steady was the ministry among the Salzburg exiles who 
 founded the Lutheran colony of Ebenezer in Georgia. 
 Among the This settlement began in 1734. From the beginning it 
 Salzburgers had two faithful and devoted pastors, John Martin 
 Boltzius and Israel Christian Gronau. These men had 
 been thoroughly trained and had been instructors at Halle. Boltzius was not 
 only the spiritual head of the colony on the Savannah but its practical 
 manager as well. After ten years of service in the colony Gronau sick- 
 ened and died. Hermann Henry Lembke, another Halle man, was sent to 
 take his place and for nineteen years labored in the closest harmony by 
 the side of Boltzius. In 1752 another pastor, Christian Rabenhorst, was 
 sent out from Germany, and now the Ebenezer colony was provided with 
 three faithful ministers. 
 For thirty-two years Boltzius was the shepherd and guide of the Eben- 
 ezer colony. He died in 1765. He was characterized more by his piety 
 and devotion and practical tact than by his learning. 
 
 Boltzius Nevertheless, he had many of the instincts of the teacher 
 a Possible and if he had seen the need or realized the possibilities 
 Teacher he might easily have become the founder of a train- 
 
 ing school for ministers. When his own son had finished 
 the course in the parochial school of Ebenezer and the father saw in his 
 boy the gifts of mind and heart that promised acceptable service in the 
 ministry of the Master, Pastor Boltzius instructed his son in the preparatory 
 branches and sent him to Halle to take the course in theology. At Halle 
 young Boltzius gave a good account of himself, but after finishing his studies 
 he took charge of a pastorate in Germany and never returned to his native 
 land. Two other bright young men of the Ebenezer Colony Boltzius pre- 
 pared for the study of theology at Halle, but the elder of them died and 
 the other, his brother, then discontinued his studies. 
 Boltzius had other opportunities to help place the 
 Boltzius Called Lutheran ministry in America on a_self-perpetuating 
 to Lead basis. But he failed to seize them. As the devout and 
 efficient leader of the Ebenezer colony his name was 
 known in all other Lutheran settlements in colonial America. Between 
 Boltzius of Georgia and Berkenmeyer of New York there was little in 
 common; Boltzius was a pietist and Berkenmeyer was very averse to piet- 
 ism, which he had learned to know by some of its extravagances in Ger- 
 many. The scattered Lutherans of Pennsylvania more than once sent ap- 
 peals to Boltzius asking him to visit them or to aid them with counsel and 
 with ministers, and the Halle authorities urged him to answer these appeals. 
 But the letters from Pennsylvania were never answered, 
 
 24 
 
THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION BEFORE MUHLENBERG 
 
 Even more tangible was the opportunity that faced Boltzius in connec- 
 tion with the ministry among the Lutherans of the neighboring colony of 
 South Carolina. On the banks of the Congaree, in Lexington County, 
 about one hundred miles from Charleston, there was a 
 considerable German colony, many of them Lutherans. More Appeals 
 In 1750 these Lutherans sent a message to Pastor Bolt- to Boltzius 
 zius beseeching him to visit them and administer the 
 Lord’s Supper. He contented himself with sending them some books of de- 
 votion and several manuals of instruction. A few months later they ap- 
 proached him again, urging him to visit them and to help them obtain a pas- 
 tor and erect a church. They stated that they had a congregation of two 
 hundred and eighty souls who would attend church if a house of worship 
 were erected. To this request Boltzius made a negative reply, recording in 
 his diary: “I have no heart for this people.” 
 
 If the pious and able Boltzius had had Muhlenberg’s breadth of view 
 and his interest in the remote future of the Church, the whole Church, these 
 appeals would not have gone unanswered, and who can 
 calculate the difference it would have made in the his- Another Oppor- 
 tory of - the ‘Lutheran Church “in those — states? tunity Missed 
 If he had paid a friendly visit or two to this 
 large congregation on the banks of the Congaree; if he had exerted 
 himself to procure a minister for them, either 
 in the person of his own son or in someone 
 else whom he himself might have trained in 
 the parsonage at Ebenezer and ordained for 
 that purpose, the congregation might have been 
 saved from the distracting heresies and the 
 decimating immorality that so soon wiped it off 
 the map. Then, too, the three pastors of the 
 Ebenezer colony might have combined with 
 the Lutheran pastor on the Congaree and with 
 the neighboring Pastor Giessendanner of 
 Orangeburg to form the nucleus of a Luth- 
 eran synod in the South, which in that early PASTOR BOLTZIUS 
 day already could have instructed and ordained 
 other pious men for the Gospel ministry. Then Pastor Giessendanner and 
 many other pastors together with their congregations might have been 
 saved to the Lutheran Church and the story of Lutheran progress in the 
 South might have resembled in some degree, at least, the story of synodical 
 growth in Pennsylvania. 
 
 But the time for synodical organization and a theological seminary in 
 the South had not yet come. A whole generation was to pass before even 
 the need would be felt. These Lutheran congregations in the southern 
 colonies were Jong to remain dependent on Germany for their ministers and 
 
 25 
 
 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 their training. This was a cause of continued weakness and many difficul- 
 ties throughout the congregations and finally proved to be the undoing of 
 
 the Ebenezer colony itself. When Boltzius died in 1765 
 No Plans for and Lembke in 1768, the fathers in Germany sent Chris- 
 Native Pastors topher Triebner to take the place of the departed pas- 
 
 tors. He was utterly unsuited to the needs of the colony 
 and Muhlenberg was called from Pennsylvania to settle the difficulty. Dur- 
 ing the Revolutionary War Triebner proved to be a Tory, led the British 
 troops into the town, and so accomplished its destruction, scattering its 
 Lutheran people to other settlements of Georgia and the Carolinas. When, 
 long afterwards, the Lutherans of the Carolinas and Georgia learned that 
 they must train up a native ministry in their own midst they learned it 
 from the example of their brethren farther north. 
 
 26 
 
CHasRe Rr Roaakt 
 
 RU RAN CHEOLOGIGAIS tBEDUCATION: -IN-sAMERIGA! IN 
 MUHLENBERG’S TIME 
 
 With the arrival of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg in Pennsylvania in 
 1742 our narrative of Lutheran theological education in America enters a 
 new period. Muhlenberg’s motto was Ecclesia Plantanda. 
 
 It was something more than individual congregations A New Period 
 that he had in mind. Accordingly with Muhlenberg 
 
 the history of the Lutheran Church in this country passes out of the period 
 of mere congregational organization into the period of synodical organiza- 
 tion. This was profoundly significant for the work of training men for 
 the ministry. 
 
 Muhlenberg began the work of planting the Church by opening a school 
 in each of his congregations, and as his work of supervision expanded over 
 the entire province of Pennsylvania and into adjoining 
 provinces, he continued the policy of providing each Congregational 
 congregation or group of congregations with a school Schools 
 and a teacher. In many cases the pastors themselves 
 were obliged to conduct these parochial schools and do the teaching. For 
 two years Muhlenberg himself kept school on weekdays. But in course 
 of time trained laymen and catechists were found to do this work and the 
 patriarch was free to visit needy fields at greater distances from Philadel- 
 phia. Everywhere he zealously encouraged the establishment of these 
 weekday schools in charge of Christian teachers who could instruct the 
 children in God’s Word and Luther’s Catechism as well as the necessary 
 branches of a general education. These teachers were usually expected 
 also to serve as organists for the churches and, on special occasions, in case 
 of the sickness or absence of the pastor, to edify the congregation by read- 
 ing a sermon or some religious book. Muhlenberg’s educational efforts on 
 behalf of the young encountered some opposition, but his fellow ministers 
 always co-operated with him in this matter and invested much of their 
 energy in maintaining congregational schools. These schools were really 
 an index finger pointing towards the educating of a native ministry. 
 
 It was not long before Muhlenberg realized that the 
 successful planting of the Church in this country re- A Synod 
 quired more laborers. The vast field was growing larger Organized 
 every year and it nearly overwhelmed him. He needed 
 helpers in the ministerial ranks. He appealed to the fathers in Halle who 
 
 Zr 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 had sent him to Pennsylvania. The appeal was answered. In 1745 rein- 
 forcements began to arrive. Then the field was divided, the work was 
 expanded, outposts were established, and more intensive cultivation began. 
 In 1748 the Pennsylvania Synod was organized. It was a small beginning 
 and numbered only six ministers at first, but it was a highly significant 
 move because it was the first step towards the independence of the Lutheran 
 Church in America. It helped to create the spirit of self-reliance and ag- 
 gressiveness that saved the Church in times of danger from rationalism 
 and unionism and ultimately led her to train up a ministry from among 
 
 her own ranks. 
 Another factor that made Muhlenberg and his associates feel the need 
 for native theological training was the change that was 
 
 Need for taking place in the general spirit of the American colo- 
 a Native nists at the middle of the eighteenth century. They were 
 Ministry becoming conscious of their distinctive American char- 
 
 acter. The population had multiplied six-fold in sixty 
 
 years and now numbered a million and a half. Great prosperity and rapid 
 social development had taken place and out of these a spirit of self-reliance 
 was born. The Lutherans in the colonies shared in this general change of 
 spirit. While still dependent upon Europe for missionary supplies they 
 were becoming conscious of their own peculiar needs and of certain ele- 
 ments of strength. Their numerical increase had far outstripped the 
 European supply of pastors for their congregations. In a single year, 
 1749, as many as seven thousand Germans entered the port of Philadelphia 
 alone. The few faithful pioneer preachers, with all their devotion and 
 diligence, simply could not cover the entire field. Spiritual vagabonds and 
 low deceivers wrought havoc among many congregations. So by the 
 middle of the century there was a felt need for some new measures to 
 provide for ministerial supply. When, therefore, the Church, through the 
 change in the spirit of the times and through the organization of a synod, 
 began to move out from its missionary and parochial stage into the larger 
 synodical view of the whole, it was to be expected that the new aggressive 
 temper would early express itself in an effort to produce a native ministry. 
 It was Muhlenberg who first gave concrete expression 
 
 Muhlenberg to the newly-felt need. He was the moving spirit of 
 Plans in Vain the Synod and had the oversight and care of all the 
 churches. One of the foremost problems that engaged 
 
 his attention was the supply of ministers. Now Muhlenberg was _thor- 
 oughly American in spirit. He was not merely a temporary missionary 
 who would after a few years return to a comfortable pastorate in his 
 native land. He had come to abide. He had married in Pennsylvania, 
 and he had identified his life with the life of the Lutheran Church in 
 America, Accordingly, he soon realized that it would be necessary to 
 
 28 
 
THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN MUHLENBERG’S TIME 
 
 train men in this country for the ministerial ranks, not only because the 
 supply from Europe was utterly inadequate to man the rapidly growing 
 field, but chiefly because it was desirable to take the sons of the congre- 
 gations in America, thoroughly familiar with their surroundings in social 
 as well as religious things, and prepare them for the work of the ministry 
 among their own people. So Muhlenberg with proper insight planned for 
 
 
 
 Henry MELCHIOR MUHLENBERG 
 
 a native ministry. The year after the Synod was formed he bought forty- 
 nine acres of land in Philadelphia on which to erect a school and seminary 
 and a home for the aged. His idea seems to have been to dupticate 
 in miniature the orphan home at Halle with its theological department an- 
 nexed. But the building of new churches made such a heavy drain on the 
 meager means of the congregations that neither resource nor energy was 
 
 29 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 left to develop the institution Muhlenberg had in mind. Finally, the shad- 
 ows of the coming war fell across his path and he was compelled to 
 
 abandon the project. 
 But the subject apparently continued to occupy his attention. In 1765 
 Muhlenberg was the happy recipient of a sum of money 
 
 The First for the purpose of a “higher school” or a seminary. 
 Seminary Neither the donor nor the exact amount of the donation 
 Funds is known. But Muhlenberg tells us in his journal that 
 
 the money was invested partly in Philadelphia real estate 
 and partly in a loan to the Lutheran congregations of Philadelphia, and 
 that it was expected to yield interest in the amount of seventy pounds 
 annually. And he remarks: “It is a splendid beginning of the desired en- 
 dowment, but not sufficient as yet to maintain a seminary.” 
 Then four years later, when the Synod met in Phila- 
 Synodical delphia, action was taken as follows: “Concerning a 
 Discussion Seminary which is to be established it is resolved, 
 that each member write out his thoughts concerning the 
 best method and send them in.” Whether additional funds were in pros- 
 pect or whether it was intended to begin a financial campaign or why the 
 Seminary should be spoken of in such hopeful fashion, we do not know. 
 It seems probable that the matter was brought before the Synod and urged 
 upon its members by Muhlenberg himself, and that this resolution was passed 
 as a harmless expression of a hope, a hope that soon proved forlorn. We 
 only know for a certainty that so far as the records show the resolution 
 of Synod remained without effect. 
 
 Again in 1771, when the fathers at Halle and in London sent enough 
 money to pay off the embarrassing debt on the Lutheran Church property 
 at Barren Hill near Philadelphia, Muhlenberg had all the buildings and 
 grounds of that property assigned to the donors for a period of ninety- 
 nine years “for an orphan house and school to be established there and for 
 Lutheran Church services.” It was Muhlenberg’s idea when the orphan 
 home should be established to use it also for the education of young men 
 for the ministry, and perhaps also as a home for disabled and super- 
 annuated pastors. But the orphan’s home in that neighborhood did not 
 come into being until nearly a century later. And so again the project 
 of a theological institution waited. 
 
 Meanwhile Muhlenberg had frequently called the at- 
 
 Another tention of the fathers in Europe to this subject and in 
 Plan Fails 1773 in his report to Halle he made a very definite sug- 
 gestion in the matter. He pointed out that the congre- 
 
 gational schools among the Lutherans of America had flourished beyond 
 all expectation, but that in view of the great numbers of German Luth- 
 erans who had come to these shores and the consequent widening of the 
 
 30 
 
THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN MUHLENBERG’S TIME 
 
 field these schools were utterly inadequate to meet the needs of the Church 
 as a whole. He therefore suggested that a “kind of seminary” be erected 
 in America for the purpose of preparing catechists or assistant laborers 
 who would be qualified to explain in a simple and intelligible way the 
 fundamental truths of the Christian religion and of our evangelical faith. 
 He explained that the young men trained in such an institution would as 
 a matter of course not receive the thorough education that is given to 
 theological students in the universities of Germany, but they would at 
 least be able to instruct the rising generation and edify older persons and 
 by constant precept and consistent example might lead both young and old 
 along the path of repentance and faith and godliness. 
 
 It was not intended, Muhlenberg says, to dispense with the stream of 
 ministerial supplies from Germany, and he adds, rather significantly, “at 
 least not for some time.” But because of the great ex- 
 
 pense connected with the procuring of preachers from Halle Opposes 
 Europe and the great difficulty in procuring a sufficient American 
 number, such a seminary or catechetical school in Amer- Independence 
 
 ica would train men who might be used as deacons and 
 
 assistants under the supervision of experienced and educated pastors to 
 diffuse a knowledge of the way of life among the widely scattered Luth- 
 erans in America. Muhlenberg closes his appeal by stating that neither 
 the congregations nor the pastors in Pennsylvania, can take the initiative in 
 erecting such an institution, because the congregations are for the most 
 part deeply involved in debt for the churches they had to build, and the 
 pastors are already overwhelmed with a multitude of other duties. So he 
 commits the entire project of a theological seminary in America to the 
 Lord and proposes to await the day when He shall open the way and 
 provide the means. The fathers in Halle undoubtedly saw the pointed 
 suggestion implied in this argument, but they never acted on the sugges- 
 tion as it probably lay beyond their vision to help further the independ- 
 ence of the Lutheran Church in America. 
 
 Muhlenberg’s noble project for a seminary was not realized in his day. 
 His fine ideal for a theological training school remained only an ideal in 
 that generation. Other hands, in more favoring times, 
 were to take up the ideal and carry it through to realiza- Private 
 tion. But that did not deter Muhlenberg from making Tutoring 
 substantial progress in the work of creating a 
 native American Lutheran ministry. He gave his three sons to the ministry 
 and himself took up the work of theological preceptor in addition to his 
 many other duties. As a rule he took the theological students into his own 
 home where he maintained and taught them and where they had access to 
 his library. Under his supervision they helped to catechise the children, 
 to visit the sick and to give instruction in the schools. Sometimes they 
 
 31 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMENARY 
 
 read sermons for the congregations and occasionally they officiated at 
 funerals. Meanwhile they “read theology” under the direction of the 
 busy preceptor until they were supposed to be ready to appear before 
 the Synod for examination. 
 Some of these students who were privately tutored 
 Kurtz and by Muhlenberg gave good account of their ministry. 
 Schaum Two catechists, John Nicholas Kurtz and John Helfrich 
 Schaum, had» been sent out from Halle with Pastor 
 Brunnholtz in 1745 in response to Muhlenberg’s call for helpers. They had 
 completed most of their theological studies in Germany. But as Kuriz 
 was not ordained until 1748 and Schaum not until 1749, it is safe to 
 assume that they continued their studies, particularly the practical branches, 
 under Muhlenberg’s direction, probably assisted by Brunnholtz. Both of 
 them proved to be faithful ministers of the Word. But the first man to 
 begin his theological studies under Muhlenberg was Rudolph Henry Schrenck. 
 He had been a student of law when he came to America 
 Schrenck in 1749. Muhlenberg and Brunnholtz were favorably 
 impressed with him. So Muhlenberg provided for him 
 for six months and gave him theological instruction while Brunnholtz fur- 
 nished the necessary books. He was made a catechist in 1749 and ordained 
 in 1752. But he proved to be erratic in disposition and after four years of 
 ministry among the congregations of New Jersey he returned to Europe. 
 A little later Muhlenberg gave instruction to a young man whose de- 
 voted ministry must have been a profound satisfaction to the great pastor. 
 This was Jacob Van Buskirk, a scion of the: highly re- 
 Van Buskirk spected Dutch Lutheran family belonging to the congre- 
 gation at Hackensack, New Jersey. It was doubtless the 
 personal influence of Muhlenberg, during his preaching visits in New York. 
 that led the young man to prepare himself for the service of the Church. 
 He was probably the first Lutheran born in America to devote himself to 
 theological study. For some years he had been under the preparatory tuition 
 of Pastor Weygand of New York. But for more than two years, from 
 1759 to 1762, he studied with Muhlenberg. For nearly forty years and with 
 signal merit he served various pastorates at Germantown and in Mont- 
 gomery, Lehigh and Chester Counties. Muhlenberg in his appeal of 1773 
 for a theological seminary in America cites Van Buskirk as a_ shining 
 example of what such an institution might do with native Americans. 
 Two other men tutored by Muhlenberg are worthy 
 
 William Kurtz of mention. William Kurtz, a younger brother of John 
 and William Nicholas Kurtz, had begun his theological studies at 
 Graaf Halle but had come to America in 1754 before his studies 
 
 were completed. He finished his education under Muh- 
 lenberg’s supervision. He was examined by the Synod in 1760 and ordained 
 
 32 
 
THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN MUHLENBERG’S TIME 
 
 in 1761 to become assistant to his brother. William Graaf, also a native of 
 Germany, was a guest in Muhlenberg’s house at various times for more 
 than six years and there received all of his preparation for the ministry. 
 He received ordination about 1759 and for nearly fifty years rendered faith- 
 ful service among the congregations of New Jersey. 
 
 These were the beginnings of Lutheran theological education in America. 
 They were the happy harbingers of a self-perpetuating Lutheran ministry 
 and an independent Lutheran Church in America. Other 
 pastors followed Muhlenberg’s example and sought out Other Tutors 
 likely candidates for the ministry, adding to their 
 own heavy burdens by taking these candidates under their tutelage and in 
 many cases receiving them into their own homes and maintaining them 
 during the period of their theological preparation. In many cases the Luth- 
 eran parsonages themselves furnished the candidates as well as their instruc- 
 tion, thus creating the only true kind of apostolic succession in the ministry. 
 
 After 1760 many of the candidates for the ministry who might have 
 turned to Muhlenberg for instruction were assigned to 
 the learned and distinguished Swedish pastor, Provost Provost 
 Charles Magnus Wrangel. The new Swedish Provost Wrangel 
 was a man of deep piety as well as profound learning 
 and he proved to be a warm personal friend and a valuable counselor of 
 Muhlenberg. He was even better equipped than Muhlenberg to be a 
 theological preceptor. Muhlenberg had given his three sons their prepara- 
 tory studies in his own home and then had sent them to Halle for a 
 thorough course of theological instruction. Peter the eldest, however, 
 did not finish his studies at Halle. He became a student under Dr. Wrangel 
 in Philadelphia and was finally licensed in 1769. 
 
 Another student in Dr. Wrangel’s home was Christian Streit, a member 
 of one of the New Jersey congregations. He had been influenced by his 
 godly parents and by the elder Muhlenberg to study for 
 the ministry. He was a close friend of Peter Muhlen- Christian 
 berg, but was as quiet and gentle as young Muhlenberg Streit 
 was fiery and impetuous. Under Wrangel’s inten- 
 sive training he was thoroughly prepared for the work of the ministry 
 and gave a good account of his ten years in his first pastorate at Easton. 
 When the Revolutionary War broke out young Muhlenberg became a 
 renowned general while his friend Streit became the faithful chaplain 
 of a Virginia regiment. 
 
 A third in the group of theological students trained by the learned 
 Swedish Provost was Daniel Kuhn. He was the son of 
 a prominent member in the Lancaster congregation. He Daniel Kuhn 
 was reserved and unassuming, like Christian Streit. But 
 under the careful training of his theological tutor and through the practical 
 
 33 
 
HIS TORY OFAGET TYSBURG, SEMINALKY 
 
 experience received at his direction, Kuhn was thoroughly prepared for 
 the work of the ministry. All three of these young men were prepared to 
 preach both in German and in English. And. that, too, was sig- 
 nificant of the spirit of the times and the foresight of their preceptor. 
 In the days of Muhlenberg and Wrangel, at least, 
 Careful the candidates for the Lutheran ministry were as a rule 
 Training carefully selected and thoroughly trained. It was before 
 the period of deterioration had set in and before the 
 miasma of intellectual indolence had spread over the land. The synodical 
 examinations of the candidates in Muhlenberg’s time would be regarded 
 as very rigid even today. These examinations are. interesting to the 
 student of today because they show what subjects were taught to the 
 candidates by these private theological tutors. Perhaps they may also be 
 taken to indicate what must have been Muhlenberg’s own ideal of a the- 
 ological seminary curriculum in that day. 
 Let two examples suffice. First the examination of John Nicholas Kurtz 
 at the first meeting of the Pennsylvania Synod’ in 1748. He was examined 
 by Pastors Brunnholtz, Handschuh, and Hartwick. The 
 Kurtz’s influence of Halle pietism is very evident in the ques- 
 Examination tions. He was required to answer all questions in 
 writing. First he was asked to give an account 
 of his life and his education, noting especially the circumstances of his 
 spiritual awakening, the growth of grace in his heart, his motives for 
 entering the holy ministry, his academic and theological studies, and the 
 theological works that his library contained. Then he was asked to state 
 the chief divisions of theology and to define theology, sin, and original 
 sin. Next he had to describe the sin against the Holy Ghost. Then he 
 was asked to give ‘‘an extended description” of the justification of the 
 sinner before God, also of saving faith, together with proof passages from 
 the Scriptures for both doctrines. He had to give a definition of sancti- 
 fication and state how it could best be promoted. In what sense is death 
 the wages of sin in the converted and in the unconverted? The next 
 question was whether our Evangelical Lutheran is the only justifying and 
 saving faith and how it is established in the Word of God. Then the 
 candidate was required to give an exegetical analysis of Luke 16:8 (The 
 children of this world are in their generation wiser than the children of 
 light) and to prepare on that text a sermon theme, outline, and applica- 
 tion. The committee also asked him to describe the true character and 
 duties of an evangelical preacher and to explain how such a pastor should 
 deal with the dying who confess in a general way that they are sinners 
 but do not confess any special sin. The last question was whether evan- 
 gelical preachers can and should be in subordination to one another, and if 
 
 34 
 
THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN MUHLENBERG'S TIME 
 
 so, to what extent. The candidate was given twenty-four hours in which 
 to present his answers which, it was required, were “to be neatly written 
 out.” 
 
 These questions and Kurtz’s manuscript of answers were afterwards 
 transmitted to Halle. Dr. Francke thought the examination was rather 
 severe and he wrote: “In the answers of Mr. Kurtz some 
 things were not entirely satisfactory, but some of the Francke’s 
 questions were too indefinite or too difficult for one of Comment 
 his attainments to answer satisfactorily in so short 
 a time. On the whole the questions were answered better than they 
 would have been by one out of ten preachers before our German consis- 
 tories.” 
 
 Before he was ordained Kurtz was obliged also to’ sign a document sol- 
 emnly promising to show proper respect to the pastors of the Synod, to 
 regard his congregations as a part of the Synod, to 
 teach publicly and privately in harmony with the Word Kurtz’s 
 of God and the Confessional books of the Evangel- Vow 
 ical Lutheran Church and to this end diligently to study 
 them, to introduce no other ceremonies than those prescribed by the Synod, 
 to consult the Synod on all important matters pertaining to his congre- 
 gations, to keep a diary and be ready at all times to give account of his 
 pastoral activity, and to leave his charge when it should be demanded. 
 
 This examination in theology and these obligations concerning his per- 
 sonal attitude certainly indicate a high degree of intel- 
 lectual and ecclesiastical discipline on the part of John The Younger 
 Nicholas Kurtz. But the examination of his younger Kurtz 
 brother, William Kurtz, by the Synod in 1760 may be 
 taken as a still more faithful indication of the kind of teaching done by 
 those early theological preceptors, Muhlenberg and Wrangel. For William 
 was less advanced in his theological course than Nicholas when, he came to 
 America and was longer under Muhlenberg’s tutelage. 
 
 The examination of William Kurtz covered a wider scope than that of 
 his older brother had covered twelve years earlier. It took place before the 
 entire ministerium and not merely before a committee. 
 
 It was partly written but largely oral. The account A Rigid 
 of his examination begins: “In the afternoon at Examination 
 three o’clock the Ministerium began to examine -the 
 
 younger Mr. William Kurtz, because Pastor Kurtz, Sr., desired to have 
 him as assistant in his filials, and requested that he be therefore publicly 
 examined and, if it were found advisable, ordained. After a prayer he 
 was required to open the Greek Testament to the third charter of I Corin- 
 thians and explain it in Latin, which was done satisfactorily and without 
 hesitation. Afterwards the 117th Psalm was given to him in Hebrew, 
 
 35 
 
HISTORY: OF GE DIY SBURG SEMINARY 
 
 and he was asked to translate it into Latin, ex tempore, according to the 
 genuine literal sense, which again was done readily and skillfully. He was 
 also required to treat the second Psalm in the same way. The Provost 
 was pleased and said that he had not expected anything like this in Penn- 
 sylvania and began to examine him in theology in Latin. Mr. Gerock 
 followed the Provost, and examined the candidate in difficult theological 
 questions. Further, Pastor Handschuh asked him among other questions, 
 what are the criteria or characteres of a true servant of Jesus Christ. 
 Pastor Hausihl tested him with various questions in Polemics. Pastor 
 Weygand argued with him on several articles in theology.” 
 After this oral examination the candidate was required to withdraw so 
 that the ministerium might confer on the subject. By calling the roll it 
 was found that it was the unanimous opinion of the 
 Answers pastors that Mr. Kurtz had given satisfactory evidence 
 in Latin of his qualifications. ‘The candidate was then pre- 
 sented with a list of questions in Latin, to which 
 he was required to give written answers in Latin. These questions doubt- 
 less pertained to his life and education, his motives and his personal atti- 
 tude. The ordination was postponed until the next ministerial session. 
 These two examples of synodical examinations for ordination are suffi- 
 cient to show the comparatively high grade of scholarship that was main- 
 tained in that early day even in spite of the serious 
 High handicaps under which both the teacher and the student 
 Standards were obliged to labor. The need of more laborers for the 
 spiritual harvest was keenly felt, but that did not lead 
 the patriarch Muhlenberg and his associates to disregard the Biblical in- 
 junction to “lay hands suddenly on no man.” They had the faith to be- 
 lieve that the little stream of native theological students that through their 
 strenuous labors and earnest prayers had begun to flow into the vacant 
 pulpits of the Lutheran Church in America would some day by God’s 
 grace widen into a broad river whose waters would be a swelling tide 
 of evangelical life in this western world. 
 But the ideal of a theological institution as a channel through which that 
 stream should flow instead of the parsonages of overworked pastors was 
 never lost. Muhlenberg’s practical efforts in that di- 
 
 Persistent rection proved futile and his repeated appeals to Halle 
 Hope fora went unanswered. The resolutions of the Synod had no 
 Seminary effect. Dr. Wrangel was recalled to Sweden in 1768, 
 
 and there was no one to take his place as theological 
 instructor. Even Muhlenberg himself was tempted to be discouraged with 
 the situation. But younger and more hopeful spirits appeared on the 
 scene, caught up the ideal of the patriarch and carried forward the hope 
 for a theological seminary. 
 
 36 
 
THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN MUHLENBERG’S TIME 
 
 Only two years after Wrangel’s recall and five years before the out- 
 break of the War for Independence, there appeared among the Lutherans 
 of America a new champion of theological education. He was one of the 
 most learned men the Lutheran Church of America has ever had. He 
 made the most determined effort to found a Lutheran theological sem- 
 inary that was made in the eighteenth century. His work along this line 
 calls for separate consideration. : 
 
 Aye 
 
Uinta ete An 
 
 THE WORK OF JOHN CHRISTOPHER KUNZE 
 
 As the third quarter of the eighteenth century wore on, a number of 
 factors combined to impress upon the pastors of the Lutheran Church in 
 America the necessity of having some consistent method and some regu- 
 larly appointed means of training men for the Lutheran ministry. 
 
 The elementary schools that were maintained by the 
 
 Congregational congregations had increased greatly since Muhlenberg’s 
 Schools arrival. Nearly every congregation had its school. 
 Where the pastors themselves could not take the time 
 
 to teach the congregational school, the problem of securing proper teachers 
 was often a difficult one. In course of time professional school teachers 
 were attracted from Germany. A number of laymen in America prepared 
 themselves and took up the work of teaching. The congregation in Phila- 
 delphia employed three such teachers. Their school was modeled after the 
 elementary schools connected with the Orphan’s Home in Halle. And the 
 Pennsylvania Synod resolved that all of its schools must follow the Phila- 
 delphia model. The average school, therefore, maintained a high degree 
 of excellence. But this condition only served to emphasize the need of a 
 higher institution of learning for the training of ministers of the Gospel. 
 
 The need of an American Lutheran ministry, and of a seminary in 
 which to prepare it, was felt in increasing measure also as the number of 
 
 Lutheran congregations grew and the field enlarged 
 A Growing and as the type of Halle graduates changed. In 1771 
 Church Muhlenberg reported seventy congregations in Pennsyl- 
 
 vania and the adjacent provinces over which he was ex- 
 pected to exercise some kind of oversight. And there were about thirty 
 Lutheran congregations in other parts of the country. Under the lure 
 of attractive lands and the pressure of increasing immigration the Lutheran 
 constituency had gradually moved westward with the frontier and had fol- 
 lowed the course of the valleys from Pennsylvania into Maryland and Vir- 
 ginia. In fact, the Lutheran mission field in 1770 extended from Nova 
 Scotia to Georgia. The number of pastors imported from Germany and 
 the number of those privately tutored by Muhlenberg and Wrangel was 
 almost infinitesimal compared with the need. 
 
 Then, too, Halle could no longer be relied on as a source of ministerial 
 supply. The home of pietistic learning was changing. The Halle 
 
 38 
 
WORK OF JOHN. CHRISTOPHER KUNZE 
 
 teachers of Muhlenberg’s acquaintance had. passed off the scene 
 and the new teachers were not so firmly Lutheran and evangelical nor did 
 they inculcate the same religious fervor and warm 
 Christian piety as the Franckes had done. Small won- Halle Supply 
 der that Muhlenberg continued to long for a school of Drying Up 
 the prophets among the Lutherans of America. 
 
 After his own unsuccessful efforts to establish a theological seminary 
 in this country, Muhlenberg was to witness one more 
 such attempt before the Revolutionary War. This Kunze Arrives 
 attempt was made by one who for a time stood very 
 close to Muhlenberg. This was John Christopher Kunze. He was a 
 competent scholar and easily the most learned 
 of all Lutheran ministers in America in his 
 day. He had taken his preparatory course at 
 Halle and had studied theology for three years 
 at Leipsic. Then for four years he had taught 
 the classics and other advanced studies. In 
 1770, at the age of twenty-six, he was or- 
 dained and sent to America in company with 
 Muhlenberg’s two sons, who had been study- 
 ing theology at Halle. Kunze came for the 
 purpose of assisting the two pastors of the 
 growing congregation of St. Michael’s and 
 Zion's in Philadelphia. He was cordially re- 
 ceived by Father Muhlenberg and for three 
 months lived in his house. In 1771 he JoHN CHRISTOPHER KUNZE 
 married Muhlenberg’s daughter. 
 
 
 
 Kunze was by nature a student and a teacher. But the demands of the 
 rapidly growing congregation in Philadelphia so completely occupied his 
 time for the first two years that he found little oppor- 
 tunity to engage in study. However, his close associa- Kunze Plans 
 tion with his father-in-law soon made him acquainted Carefully 
 with the field of American Lutheranism as a whole. So 
 he was early impressed with the necessity of devising some means of sup- 
 plying in America the increasing demand for pastors. The wise patriarch 
 and his scholarly son-in-law must often have discussed the possibility of 
 an American institution in which young men might be prepared for the 
 Lutheran ministry. And so it came about that three years after his arrival 
 in Philadelphia Dr. Kunze decided to lay the foundations for such a school. 
 He proposed to begin humbly but to lay the foundations deep. His first 
 step was to be a sort of preparatory school, a school that would prepare 
 men to study theology later on. 
 
 Writing to the fathers in Halle, May 16, 1773, after the school had 
 
 39 
 
HISFORY 7OR (GEITYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 begun, Kunze explains the circumstances of its beginning. He says that 
 for some time he had wanted to begin a school for languages and sciences 
 among the Germans of America. But he was not un- 
 A School mindful of the difficulties that lay in the way of such a 
 Begun project. He foresaw the scarcity of funds and the 
 difficulty of arousing any general interest in such a 
 spiritual enterprise. He explains that the Germans in America are largely 
 Palatines, Wurtembergers, and Alsatians, who, before they left the father- 
 land, were accustomed to live in such great poverty and on such a very 
 low level of culture that they have little interest in learning and no time 
 for scientific studies. Nevertheless, he says, he was convinced that the 
 good cause must have a beginning sometime. So he had decided on Janu- 
 ary third that as soon as he could accumulate twenty pounds he would 
 “buy” the first German student who came to port owing his passage and 
 with him as assistant teacher would begin a small Latin school in his own 
 home. The very next day, to his great surprise and delight, he had found 
 a man, John Leps by name, who had arrived free of debt, was a Dane by 
 birth and a graduate of Halle, had studied law, had served in the army, 
 and for several years had taught private schools in the Danish West Indies. 
 The man inspired the confidence of Kunze and his services were engaged. 
 Further details concerning the “Seminarium,” as it was called, are found 
 in Kunze’s Minute Book. An advertisement was inserted in the German 
 newspaper of Philadelphia appealing to the national 
 The pride of the Germans in America, setting forth the 
 Seminarium plan of the proposed “American German High School” 
 and the subjects to be studied, arguing the advantages of 
 such a school, and closing with this significant sentence: “Especially would 
 such a school furnish the preparation preliminary to the further training of 
 young men for the office of the ministry.” From the curriculum as announced 
 it is clear that Kunze had in mind a thoroughgoing Latin school for those 
 who had completed the work of the elementary schools. Greek and Latin 
 were to be taught, also geography and history, elocution, philosophy, 
 mathematics, and “other sciences of that kind.” 
 A few days after the advertisement had appeared, 
 Co-operation several members of the Lutheran congregation in Phila- 
 delphia came to Pastor Kunze and declared their wil- 
 lingness to co-operate in the project. Muhlenberg approved of the plan 
 and signed the appeal for support. But beyond this he took no active 
 part in the project and insisted that the new school be kept separate from 
 the parochial school of the Lutheran congregation. 
 The elder Muhlenberg never cordially co-operated with Kunze in the 
 work of the Seminary. As senior pastor of the Philadelphia congregation 
 he signed the appeal, but he seems to have had serious doubts about the 
 
 40 
 
WORK OF JOHN CHRISTOPHER KUNZE 
 
 feasibility of such an institution at that time. When it was proposed 
 to establish the new institution as a free school in connection with the 
 parochial school of St. Michael’s and Zion’s Church, 
 
 Muhlenberg opposed the suggestion and his journal con- Muhlenberg 
 tains thirteen reasons for his opposition. The chief con- Has Doubts 
 sideration seems to have been the lack of funds. He de- 
 
 clined to announce the project at the public services of the congregation. 
 He said it was a matter for the congregational meeting to consider and 
 determine. But there is nothing on record to show that it was ever brought 
 before a congregational meeting. 
 
 The fact is that in 1773 Muhlenberg’s health was beginning to fail and 
 his spirits to droop. His great work of planting the Church had been done, 
 and he was no longer in the mood to undertake great 
 enterprises. His friend, Dr. Wrangel, had been re- Muhlenberg 
 called to Sweden in 1768, and there was no one who Discouraged 
 could fill his place as helper and counselor by 
 Muhlenberg’s side. His many disappointments in the projects for a sem- 
 inary and the increasing weakness of his advancing age led him to despair 
 of such a school for the time being. 
 
 The institution that Muhlenberg particularly wanted to see established 
 at this time was an industrial orphans’ home that might at the same time 
 harbor disabled or superannuated ministers. His plan 
 for such an institution he sets forth with considerable Muhlenberg’s 
 detail in a letter to Halle on March 30, 1773. In the Letter 
 course of that letter he shows what a change has come 
 over his ideas on the question of a seminary and incidentally he clearly 
 indicates. his attitude towards Kunze’s project. For he says: “I do not 
 have in mind to establish merely a seminary for learned school-teachers 
 and preachers, such as Dr. Wrangel and various others of my brethren in 
 the ministry have so hopefully conceived. Such an institution would re- 
 quire spacious buildings that would cost several thousand pounds. Its 
 furnishings also would cost several thousand pounds. In addition, there 
 would be an annual expenditure of several hundred pounds for wood and 
 food. Then too, it would be necessary to maintain at least three profes- 
 sors with a yearly salary of at least three hundred pounds each. Other- 
 wise, it would not be possible to maintain and instruct from twenty to 
 fifty pupils free of charge and manufacture them into German theoretical 
 school teachers and pastors. Of such plans and suggestions I have heard 
 over and over again, until I am fairly nauseated with them. They would 
 require an endowment of at least fifty thousand pounds. Of such plans 
 we may well say: ‘The mountains are in labor, a mouse is born.’ We 
 have here in America large English institutions of that sort, academies, 
 colleges, and universities. In these institutions every year large crowds 
 
 41 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 of young gentlemen are ceremoniously created bachelors, masters, licen- 
 tiates, doctors of law and doctors of medicine, and then are let loose 
 on the world. Then the poor suckers wander to and fro. They have 
 used up their small resources and have no way of making a living. They 
 cannot dig, to beg they are ashamed, and so they sometimes become public 
 charges. You, my esteemed fathers and directors, have been pleased 
 several times to advise me that I should confer on this subject with all 
 of my colleagues. JI have done so several times at the yearly meetings 
 of the Synod and also privately as opportunity offered. But what comes 
 of it? Each one wishes the institution were already finished and located 
 in his own neighborhood. Or else they regard it as an impossibility be- 
 cause they do not see it complete before their eyes.” 
 From this it is evident that the patriarch had begun to despair of seeing 
 a theological seminary in his day. Even a “practical”? seminary he places 
 among the pia desidcria that cannot yet be realized. 
 
 Suggests a For the next year during his visit in Charleston, 
 Practical South Carolina, he writes in his journal: “Oh, what 
 Seminary a great benefit and consolation an institution would be 
 
 where catechists could be prepared to keep school during 
 the week and to deliver suitable sermons on Sundays and Church festivals! 
 There would be no need to burden these young men with years of studying 
 foreign languages. It would be quite sufficient if) they were gifted with an 
 average amount of good common sense and had a general knowledge of the 
 essentials of theology. They ought also to have personal experience of the 
 saving truth. Besides that, they ought to have command of their mother- 
 tongue and of English and ought to be able to make a decent use of the 
 pen. It were well also if they knew the rudiments of Latin and if they 
 were endowed with robust bodily frame, able to endure all sorts of victuals 
 and weather. But the chief thing is that they should be possessed of hearts 
 sincerely loving the Saviour and his sheep and lambs.” But to this Muh- 
 lenberg adds: “Nevertheless, this is among the pia desideria, more easily 
 conceived in theory than executed in practice.” 
 
 But while Father Muhlenberg regarded Kunze’s plans for a seminary 
 without any high hopes, and gave him no active co-operation in them, yet 
 he did not oppose the idea or interfere with the plans of the younger man 
 except to stipulate that the new project must not involve the Lutheran 
 congregation in Philadelphia or its parochial school. This condition Kunze 
 was careful to observe. 
 
 In order to maintain the new school Kunze organized 
 
 The German “The Society for the Propagation of Christianity and 
 Society Useful Knowledge among the Germans in America.” 
 There were three kinds of membership in the society: 
 
 foreign patrons, secieties or synods, and active members. Of the last there 
 
 42 
 
WORKEORAMORHN- CORIS TOPPER KONE 
 
 could never be more than twenty-four. Each member was required to 
 contribute ten pounds to the treasury and had the right to free tuition. From 
 the Constitution of the Society, which Kunze wrote, it is evident that his 
 ultimate purpose was really to establish an American Halle, with its various 
 schools, its homes for orphans and the aged, its missionary institute, and so 
 forth. Kunze saw very clearly that all the aims of such an institution 
 would not be attained in his own life-time. But his main idea was to lay 
 a good foundation for the future, even the long future. 
 
 The organization of the society was effected on February 9, 1773. A room 
 was rented for the “Seminarium” and the school opened on February 15. 
 Five boys had been enrolled as pupils, all with free tui- 
 tion except one. As directors of the Seminary the The Work 
 Society chose H. M. Muhlenberg; his son, H. E. Muh- Begun 
 fenberos = J= Co Kunze, and “three laymen. Mr. Leps, 
 
 Kunze, and Muhlenberg, Jr., took over the work of teaching. Kunze had 
 charge of the instruction in religious subjects which included Bible reading 
 in English and German, ethics, and the Catechism. The curriculum of the 
 Seminary embodied the entire course of instruction that was given in the 
 lower grades at Halle, with a few modifications to suit the special needs 
 of the Philadelphia students, as, for example, the introduction of English. 
 
 The number of students increased rapidly and before the close of the 
 first semester in June of that year there were thirteen of 
 them. At the meeting of the Pennsylvania Synod in Synod 
 Philadelphia on June 13, Kunze explained the plans of Co-operates 
 the Seminary and the principles of the Society. The 
 Synod decided to accept membership in the Society, the ministers by vote 
 agreed to recommend the Seminary in their districts, and the Synod elected 
 a “procurator” to receive and transmit such gifts as the pastors or con- 
 gregations should send for the institution. Thus the Lutheran Synod was 
 officially identified with the project. The public examination of the students 
 was held in Zion’s Church immediately after the adjournment of the Synod 
 in order to give the visiting pastors an idea of what had been accomplished 
 thus far. On this occasion Kunze once more reminded his hearers of the 
 possible service his school might render to the Lutheran pulpit of America 
 by training men for a higher course in theology. 
 
 Mr. Leps remained with the school only one year. A request had come 
 to Muhlenberg from the congregation at Loonenburg (Athens), New York, 
 for a pastor who could preach in the Dutch language. 
 
 Mr. Leps was the only man available for such a position. Leps and 
 So his resignation as teacher was accepted and he Lehmann 
 was ordained to accept the call to Loonenburg. A 
 
 Mr. Lehmann, a student whose transportation from Europe Kunze had 
 
 43 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 paid, became his successor as Kunze’s assistant in the Seminary, and seems 
 to have acquitted himself with credit. 
 The work of the Seminary continued to commend itself to the Lutheran 
 pastors of Philadelphia and its vicinity and also to 
 Attendance some Reformed. As members of the Society died or 
 moved away there seemed to be no difficulty in getting 
 others to take their places and thus to guarantee the continued support of 
 the school. The number of students grew until in the summer of 1775 
 there were between twenty and twenty-five in attendance. The total enroll- 
 ment of students during the life of the school was forty-one, according to 
 the list that Kunze gives in the Minute-Book. A German almanac of 1775 
 lists the Seminary as one of the noteworthy institutions of Philadelphia. 
 Kunze had abundant reason to rejoice at the success that had attended 
 his efforts of two and a half years. And the members of the “Society for the 
 Propagation of Christianity and Useful Knowledge Among the Germans in 
 America” were zealously planning for the future. But the turbulent times of 
 the Revolution were impending and the distant rumbling of war gave reasons 
 for apprehension concerning the continued prosperity of the infant seminary. 
 At the close of the first semester in 1775 Mr. Leh- 
 Crelle and mann resigned. He had been instructed in theology by 
 Schroeter Kunze and by H. E. Muhlenberg, and he now went to 
 Lehigh County to become private tutor in the family 
 of Pastor Jacob Van Buskirk and to do occasional preaching in the churches 
 there. Three years later he was ordained and began to take full charge 
 of pastorates. His place in the Seminary was filled by August Crelle and 
 Daniel Schroeter. Both of these men afterwards entered the ministry. 
 But towards the end of the year 1775 affairs in Philadelphia grew more 
 and more confused, owing to the progress of the quarrel with England. The 
 Germans of Philadelphia joined enthusiastically in the 
 War Closes the measures for resisting England. They signed the pro- 
 Seminarium test against the Stamp Act, sent out circulars to 
 arouse the Germans of other provinces, joined the 
 volunteer organizations of soldiers, served on various war committees, and 
 in general manifested great zeal for the cause of American liberty. One 
 result of this was that many of the students in the Seminary withdrew to 
 join the military organizations, while the members of the sustaining Society 
 were so engrossed in the events of the War that they could devote little 
 energy to the cause of education. But Kunze’s zeal and the devotion of his 
 assistants enabled him to keep the school open another year and a half. 
 When sustaining funds were lacking Messrs. Crelle and Schroeter were 
 given opportunities to preach in vacant congregations and thus to maintain 
 themselves. But in September, 1777, the British troops occupied Philadel- 
 phia, made a hospital out of Zion’s Church and a garrison out of St. 
 
 44 
 
WORK OF JOHN CHRISTOPHER KUNZE 
 
 Michael’s and took possession of the very building in which the Seminary 
 had been held. And so Dr. Kunze’s small but vigorous institution, that 
 had shown such great vitality during its brief existence and had given such 
 bright promise for the future, disappeared in the smoke of the Revolutionary 
 War. Thus ended in futility the most serious effort that had yet been 
 made to establish an institution for the training of a native American 
 Lutheran ministry. 
 
 Nevertheless, from Kunze’s defunct seminary emanated impulses that 
 were left in at least two other institutions of that day. One was the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania. The very last entry in Kunze’s 
 Minute-Book of the “Deutsches Seminarium” is this: The German 
 “Two years later the institution was revived under the Institute 
 Supervision of the trustees. of the University of 
 Pennsylvania, in which John Christopher Kunze, Heinrich Helmuth, and 
 Heinrich Moeller were laboring with much blessing.” The University of 
 Pennsylvania was organized in 1779. It grew out of the Philadelphia 
 Academy, which had been founded thirty years earlier, largely through 
 Benjamin Franklin’s efforts. In the charter of the University was a pro- 
 vision that the “senior ministers in standing of the six chief churches in 
 Philadelphia” should be among the trustees. As H. M. Muhlenberg had 
 removed from Philadelphia to the Trappe during the War, Kunze was now 
 senior minister among the Lutherans in the city and so became a trustee 
 of the new institution. He was one of the committee of five that prepared 
 the plan for the organization. He proposed to this committee the estab- 
 lishment of a German department in the institution, a department in which 
 the Greek and Latin languages should be taught through the medium of 
 the German tongue. This was carried through the Board of Trustees and 
 the Legislature of the Commonwealth, and Kunze was elected German 
 professor of philology. He had thirty-four students to begin with and 
 was assisted in the work by his colleague, Pastor Helmuth, and by Heinrich 
 Moeller. The German department in the University was known as the 
 “Institut.” It was supported by the “German Society,” an organization 
 which dated from 1764 and whose chief purpose up to this time was the 
 material welfare of German immigrants. Kunze was one of the leading 
 members of the “German Society.” He succeeded in having its charter 
 changed so as to include educational aims, and then easily persuaded the 
 Society to undertake the support of the German “Institut”? at the new 
 university. 
 
 From his entry in the Minute-Book quoted above it appears that Kunze 
 regarded the new “Institut” as the rebirth of his “Seminary.” And in fact 
 there were striking similarities between the two. But the purpose of 
 getting young men to study for the ministry was not quite so clear under 
 the new arrangement. So Kunze sought to have the trustees establish a 
 
 45 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 professorship of divinity, arguing that a theological faculty is an integral 
 part of a university. Failing in this, he induced the trustees to change his 
 title to professor of Oriental and German languages. 
 
 A University He hoped that the new department with its Hebrew and 
 Professorship other Biblical subjects would attract students and that 
 this would finally result in the establishment of a 
 
 distinct theological school as a part of the University. In these hopes, 
 however, he was doomed to disappointment, as he had not more than six 
 students in his department and not one of them went on to study theology. 
 After four years of conscientious effort to provide the means of training 
 an American Lutheran ministry through the “Institut” in connection with 
 the University of Pennsylvania, it became clear to 
 
 Called to Kunze that that method was hopeless and with noble 
 New York tenacity of purpose he began to turn his eyes in another 
 direction. The Lutheran congregations in New York 
 
 City were in sore straits. Old Trinity Church had lost its pastor because 
 he was a Tory and had removed to Nova Scotia when the British evacuated 
 New York. Their buildings had been burnt down during the war and had 
 not been rebuilt. The congregation of Christ Church had*been without a 
 pastor ever since 1776 when its pastor, Frederick A. Muhlenberg, an ardent 
 American, was forced to flee before the advance of the British. Members 
 of both congregations asked Kunze to visit them. He did so in January, 
 1784, and succeeded in re-uniting the two congregations. They then be- 
 sought him to become their pastor. For more than six months Kunze tried 
 to resist the call. Then he visited New York again and made a discovery 
 that decided him to remove from Philadelphia to New York. He says: 
 “Here I got to see the charter of the University (i.c., Columbia College) 
 in the office of the secretary of state, and in it | came upon the following 
 sentence: ‘if any congregation or individuals of whatever form of religion, 
 will assure the University an annual salary of at least two hundred bushels 
 of wheat, a professorship of theology shall be established in that form of 
 religion to which the donors belong and they shall name the incumbent.’ 
 This was all that was needed here any more. If the Philadelphia institu- 
 tion is ever to fulfill its real purpose, it must also make some such provi- 
 sion.” Columbia College was thirty years old. It had been called King’s 
 College before the War. It was largely under the direction of the mem- 
 bers of Trinity Episcopal Church, but the above-mentioned provision of 
 the charter of the University offered the very opportunity that Kunze was 
 looking for. A real university, he held, must include a department in 
 theology. So he pictured himself as professor of theology in the New York 
 institution with a New York “German Society” to sustain the professor- 
 ship. In this way he hoped to achieve more success in the work of prepar- 
 ing young men for the Lutheran ministry than had been the case in Phila- 
 
 46 
 
WORK OF JOHN CHRISTOPHER KUNZE 
 
 delphia. It was this consideration that induced Kunze to accept the call of 
 the New York congregation. He took charge at his new post in August, 
 1784. 
 
 In New York Dr. Kunze’s scholarly attainments were recognized at 
 once and he became both a regent of the University and a member of its 
 teaching staff. However, his professorship was not in 
 theology but in Oriental languages. Now Kunze’s chief Professor in 
 claim to distinction as a scholar, though not by any Columbia 
 means his sole claim, was his profound acquaintance with 
 Oriental literature. His extensive library was specially rich along that line. 
 And the University of Pennsylvania, the year before he left Philadelphia, 
 had conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Divinity because of his attain- 
 ments in Orientalia. Ministers of other denominations sent their theological 
 candidates to him to study Hebrew, and even Jewish Rabbis consulted him 
 about their language. He was eminently fitted, therefore, to fill the chair 
 to which he was called at Columbia. But it was not entirely to his liking. 
 He was always thinking of that provision in the charter of the University 
 which would afford him an opportunity to make a more direct bid for 
 theological students. He longed to see the Lutheran Church take advantage 
 of that opportunity to establish a chair of theology. Eight months after 
 he had moved to New York he wrote to Halle and London: “Here in the 
 University I am not only a member of the board of regents but also profes- 
 sor of Oriental languages. But I have no salary and will have none until 
 there shall be some students in my department or until the University is 
 richer. Now my earnest longing and my prayer to God is that He will 
 raise up some good evangelical soul to establish the professorship we have 
 in mind (u.e., of theology) and that gradually He will raise up others who 
 will make contributions so that a few theological students can be main- 
 tained. Poor children who are possessed of talents and who have passed 
 through school and university in Philadelphia or elsewhere by the aid of 
 the German Society or otherwise—these are the materials from which we 
 must fashion our future preachers.” A few weeks later he writes and 
 informs the fathers at Halle that the Dutch Reformed Synod of 
 New York had established a professorship in theology at Columbia Univer- 
 sity, with Dr. Livingston as the incumbent. He says: “I have an office 
 and an honorary title but receive no salary. For in addition to my regular 
 position as a regent I am ‘professor of Oriental languages.’ But as yet 
 not a student has presented himself. Meanwhile, I am using the leisure 
 time to improve myself in Hebrew and Arabic. But I hope soon to have 
 some students.” And again he expresses the hope that God will open 
 the way so that some of those who: have had their preliminary training in 
 Philadelphia can present themselves to him as professor of theology in 
 New York for their theological training. 
 
 47 
 
HISTORY, OF GERLYSBURGISEMINAKY 
 
 But all these pious hopes were destined to go unfulfilled. For three 
 
 years Kunze held the professorship of Oriental languages and then he grew 
 
 discouraged and resigned. Again in 1792 he was re- 
 
 No Theological elected to the same chair and held it three years longer, 
 
 Students but still without success. His labors among his con- 
 
 gregation were abundantly blessed. He exerted a wide 
 
 and powerful influence as preacher and writer and instructor, and rendered 
 
 high service to the Lutheran Church in many ways, But his ambition to 
 lecture on theology in Columbia University he never realized. 
 
 The scholarly Kunze had yet to learn that the Lutheran Church in 
 America could not depend upon a department in a tax-supported state uni- 
 versity for the training of its preachers and pastors. 
 
 Two years after Kunze had resigned the second time from the faculty 
 of Columbia University he was identified with one more effort to organize 
 an institution for the training of an American Lutheran ministry. And 
 this effort was partially successful. But before detailing that movement, 
 we must return and see what was being done by individuals apart from 
 institutions towards the training of men for the Lutheran ministry. 
 
 48 
 
(CS E2 Wem Mle GINE 
 PRIVATE TUTORING IN THEOLOGY 
 
 The need for an indigenous system of Lutheran theological education 
 had now become more obvious and more imperative than ever. The lines 
 of connection with London and Halle had been seriously 
 broken during the Revolutionary War and were never Need of a 
 restored to the same strength they had during colonial Native Ministry 
 times. The stream of ministerial supplies from Halle that 
 had begun with the elder Muhlenberg and had furnished most of the Ger- 
 man ministers before the Revolution, had now dried up completely, the 
 last man having been sent over in 1783. More than a decade before that 
 the Swedish Lutherans on the Delaware had received their last Lutheran 
 pastor from Sweden. With the severance of the European ties at the 
 birth of the American nation, the Lutheran Church in America faced three 
 alternatives: to die out for lack of spiritual guides, to be absorbed into 
 other denominations, or to train up her own native ministry. The Swedish 
 Lutherans did not see the issue and in course of time their congregations 
 and properties were all absorbed by the Episcopal Church. But the leaders 
 among the German Lutherans did see the alternatives that faced them and 
 set themselves resolutely to the task of raising up an American Lutheran 
 ministry. 
 
 But it was a task of enormous difficulty. For the times were evil. The 
 War had brought in its train the usual aftermath of spiritual decay. French 
 scepticism, English deism, and German rationalism had 
 been imported and had left a frightful harvest of spir- The Burden 
 itual dearth and deadness among the churches. The on Pastors 
 faithful pastors found their burdens daily mul- 
 tiplying on their shoulders. But with clear insight into the necessities of 
 the situation and with sublime faith in the future of our Church on this 
 continent these consecrated ambassadors of God set themselves single-handed 
 to work upon the prodigious task of inspiring and training prophets who 
 would faithfully proclaim in a day of religious decline the truth as it is 
 in Christ Jesus. 
 
 And so, while Muhlenberg planned and prayed for a Lutheran theological 
 seminary at Philadelphia and while Kunze labored and hoped for a Luth- 
 eran training school or a Lutheran theological professor- 
 ship in Philadelphia and in New York, they and their A Last Resort 
 colleagues in the Lutheran ministry in America did not 
 neglect that other method of assuring a future ministry—the private tutoring 
 
 49 
 
HISHORY OF GETDYSBURGTSEMINARY 
 
 of individuals. It demanded many sacrifices both on the part of teacher 
 and on the part of students, and it was never wholly satisfactory in its 
 results. But it was the only way left in those days of emergency. More- 
 over, 1t commended itself as the true form of apostolic succession as prac- 
 ticed in the ministry of the primitive Christian Church. Above all, it 
 assured the perpetuity of the Lutheran ministry and indeed of the Lutheran 
 Church in this country and tided the Church over until she was able to 
 establish a theological institution under synodical auspices and thus guaran- 
 tee a steady stream of prepared men for her pulpits. 
 When Kunze left Philadelphia for New York in 
 Helmuth and 1784, Helmuth became the senior pastor of the congre- 
 Schmidt gation in Philadelphia. The next year his warm friend, 
 John Frederick Schmidt, came from Germantown and 
 took up his position as Helmuth’s associate in the work of the Philadelphia 
 congregation. These two men were zealous for the increase of the ministry. 
 For twenty-seven years they labored together in Philadelphia. They were 
 the private preceptors of a long list of distinguished ministers in our church. 
 At first Helmuth and Schmidt tried to use the Ger- 
 
 In the Uni- man “Institut” at the University of Pennsylvania as a 
 versity of means of starting young men in their theological studies. 
 Pennsylvania Helmuth had become Kunze’s successor as professor of 
 
 Oriental and German languages at the University. Under 
 his direction the German “Institut” continued to flourish for several 
 years, and the Lutheran pastors cherished high hopes that it would bring 
 forth students of theology. If it had, they 
 were prepared to give the necessary instruction. 
 In August, 1784, a few weeks after his ar- 
 rival in Philadelphia, Schmidt wrote to Halle: 
 “Nothing lies nearer the hearts of us preachers 
 than a German educational institution in which 
 young men might be prepared for the special 
 service of the Church. We have, it is true, a 
 share in the University here, and we make 
 good use of it. But nothing except philosophy 
 and. the languages are taught there; the 
 churches and schools reap no benefit from that. 
 The German Institute in the University, which 
 receives from the trustees an annual stipend of 
 six hundred pounds Pennsylvania currency, per- 
 mits us to hope for the future. Helmuth super- 
 intends this department and teaches seven hours daily, giving instruction in 
 Latin and Greek to the German youth and in German to the English stu- 
 dents. Last year when he accepted the professorship the number of students 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 Justus CHRISTIAN 
 Henry HELMUTH 
 
. 
 
 PRIVATE TUTORING IN THEOLOGY 
 
 was small. But this year it has increased to more than seventy. Among 
 these are several bright boys who are disposed to study theology. We 
 two preachers of Philadelphia propose next winter to begin in the name of 
 the Lord to instruct them in the various branches of theology and, so far 
 as our feeble abilities go, to prepare them for the office of the ministry. 
 Of course, our time for such important work is very limited and our 
 fitness small, but that which is attempted solely in the fear of the Lord 
 and with no selfish motive cannot remain wholly without blessing.” 
 
 The German Institute never developed into a theological department. 
 The establishment of the German College (Franklin) in 
 Lancaster greatly diminished the number of the German The Institute 
 students at the University, so that the number in the Disappears 
 Institute declined from fifty-four in 1786 to six the fol- 
 lowing year. The Institute survived only a few years after that. But 
 Helmuth continued to be the professor of Ger- 
 man in the University. This gave him a point 
 of vantage from which to judge the qualifica- 
 tions of men and, when he saw fit, to urge upon 
 them the calling of the ministry. But the 
 actual instruction in the theological studies 
 had to be done privately. This work was will- 
 ingly undertaken by Pastors Helmuth and 
 Schmidt. The two pastors of the Philadelphia 
 congregation were well qualified to be theo- 
 logical preceptors. Both of them were grad- 
 uates of the University of Halle, and it was 
 during their student days there that their in- 
 timate and lasting friendship had begun. They 
 had taught for several years in the Orphans’ 
 School at Halle. Helmuth had the more aggressive personality and was 
 the more popular preacher, but both of them were thor- 
 oughly evangelical and profoundly pious. They were Experienced 
 nearly forty years of age in 1785 when they first became Teachers 
 associated in this work in Philadelphia. Schmidt had 
 made a special study of Church history and Oriental languages, partic- 
 ularly Hebrew, Syriac and Arabic. In the Orphan School at Halle he had 
 taught Latin, Greek, and mathematics. Helmuth was not 
 so scholarly as Schmidt, but he was a more successful Helmuth 
 pastor. In 1785 the University of Pennsylvania conferred Tutors Goering 
 upon him, the degree of Doctor of Divinity. He had early 
 practiced the role of theological instructor. While still a young man and in 
 his first pastorate he had taken a promising lad into his parsonage at Lancas- 
 ter and for several years had tutored him in the theological branches. This was 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 Joun FREDERICK SCHMIDT 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Jacob Goering, a native of York County, and the first Lutheran pastor 
 born west of the Susquehanna. Goering entered the ministry in 1774 as 
 pastor at Carlisle, but the scene of his chief labors was in and about York. 
 He was an indefatigable student and his attainments reflected great credit 
 on his preceptor. Goering in turn became the theological tutor of a 
 long line of other ministers. 
 Neither Helmuth nor Schmidt approached Kunze in 
 Spiritually scholarly ability. They were disposed to lay more em- 
 Minded phasis on the qualifications of the heart than on theolog- 
 ical acumen as requirements in the prospective pastors. 
 Dr. Helmuth maintained very intimate relations with the Moravians and 
 this helped to make him averse to sharp theological definitions. All these 
 qualities were reflected in the careers of the students whom Helmuth and 
 Schmidt instructed in the theological branches. 
 Pastors Helmuth and Schmidt shared the work of the 
 Their Students Philadelphia congregation and the task of theological 
 instruction until 1812, when Schmidt died. Helmuth con- 
 tinued the work eight years longer, though he did not die until 1825. A 
 review of the names of those whom they instructed in theology serves to 
 impress the reader with the vastness of their labors along that line and the 
 invaluable contributions they made to the life of the Lutheran Church in 
 this country. 
 Two young men who came under Helmuth’s tutelage even before 
 Schmidt became his associate were filled with such fiery zeal for the souls 
 of men that it carried them out as pioneer home mis- 
 Butler and sionaries among the scattered Lutherans on the western 
 Steck frontiers. One of these was John George Butler. He 
 was one of Dr. Helmuth’s own parishioners. Returning 
 from service in the army during the Revolutionary War he took up the study 
 of theology under his pastor and was licensed in 1779. He is chiefly noted 
 for his extensive labors as traveling missionary of the Pennsylvania Minis- 
 terium in the western parts of Pennsylvania, Virginia and Tennessee. The 
 other of these young missionaries was John Michael Steck. He had been a 
 member of Schmidt’s congregation in Germantown, but had studied under 
 Helmuth in Philadelphia and entered the ministry the year before Schmidt 
 removed to Philadelphia. After a short pastorate in Chambersburg he 
 moved westward across the mountains through Bedford and Somerset Coun- 
 ties and closed his career as a missionary in Westmoreland County. Both 
 of these men reflected abundantly the pious zeal of their theological in- 
 structor. 
 After Helmuth and Schmidt had become colleagues in the pastorate and 
 in the work of teaching, one of their most celebrated students was Chris- 
 tian Endress. He was a descendant of that Jacob Endress who had signed 
 
 52 
 
PRIVATE TUTORING IN THEOLOGY 
 
 the Augsburg Confession in 1530. Endress began his theological studies 
 upon his graduation from the University of Pennsylvania in 1790. Pastor 
 Schmidt taught him Church history and hermeneutics 
 
 while Dr. Helmuth taught him theology proper. His Christian 
 chief ministry was at Lancaster. He strongly urged the Endress 
 introduction of the English language into the Church 
 
 even at the cost of his personal popularity. He was disposed to be liberal 
 in his theological views even to the verge of rationalism. He spent thirty- 
 four years in the ministry, the last twelve as pastor of Trinity Church in 
 Lancaster. 
 
 Another of the distinguished men tutored by pastors Helmuth and 
 Schmidt was George Lochman. Dr. Helmuth himself had discovered the 
 fine qualities in the young man and had bent his interest 
 towards the ministry as his life-work. He graduated George 
 from the University in 1789. Then for five years, while Lochman 
 he was teaching Latin and Greek in the University, 
 he prosecuted his theological studies. Licensed by the Pennsylvania Minis- 
 terium in 1794, he was for twenty-one years the pastor of Old Salem 
 Church in Lebanon and for the remaining eleven years of his life the pas- 
 tor of Zion Church in Harrisburg. By his own work in training men for 
 the pulpit he repaid abundantly the labors of the Philadelphia pastors on 
 his behalf. 
 
 J. G. Schmucker, afterwards prominent in the founding of the Gettys- 
 burg Seminary, also received his chief theological instruction from the two 
 pastors in Philadelphia. After studying for a year 
 under the direction of his own pastor, Paul Henkel, at J. G.Schmucker 
 Woodstock, Virginia, Schmucker came to Philadelphia in 
 1790 and for two years prosecuted both his classicaf and his theological 
 studies under Helmuth and Schmidt. He was licensed in 1792. His first 
 charge was in York County and here he continued his studies in theology 
 and particularly in Hebrew under the direction of Jacob Goering, who was 
 then pastor in York. After a pastorate of fifteen years in Hagerstown, 
 Maryland, Schmucker became Goering’s successor in York and there labored 
 with great success for twenty-six years. He was for many years president 
 of the Board of Directors of the Gettysburg Seminary. In 1814 he sent 
 his fifteen-year-old son Samuel to Philadelphia, where for two years he con- 
 tinued under Dr. Helmuth the theological studies he had begun in the par- 
 sonage at York. 
 
 Another distinguished student under the Philadelphia pastors was Jacob 
 Miller. He had begun his studies of theology at Goshenhoppen, Montgom- 
 ery County, under the direction of his pastor, Dr. Geis- 
 senhainer. But in 1808, when his pastor removed to New Jacob Miller 
 York City, Miller went to Philadelphia to complete his 
 studies under Helmuth and Schmidt. During the last twenty years of his 
 
 53 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 life (1829-1850) he was pastor of Trinity Church, in Reading, the succes- 
 sor of H. A. Muhlenberg. 
 Prominent also in the work of the Church was Wil- 
 William Baetis liam Baetis. It was towards the close of Pastor 
 Schmidt’s career that Baetis took his course of instruc- 
 tion under the Philadelphia pastors. He began his long ministry in 1810 
 and labored at various points in Lebanon County and at Zion’s Church, in 
 Lancaster. Thirty years before his death he was elected “Senior” of the 
 Pennsylvania Ministerium, and he is commonly known as “Senior Baetis.” 
 After the death of Schmidt, in 1812, Helmuth con- 
 J. C. W. Jaeger tinued the work of theological instruction; while in the 
 pastorate he had the able assistance of Dr. F. D. 
 Schaeffer. From this period of Dr. Helmuth’s labors as tutor came another 
 pastor who distinguished himself by establishing new churches among the 
 Lutherans beyond the mountains. This was John Christian William 
 Jaeger. He was a member of Helmuth’s own church and for several 
 years had helped in the work of the parochial school there. Having studied 
 theology under his pastor he was licensed as a preacher in 1819 and by 
 his pioneer missionary work he came to be known as the Apostle of 
 Lutheranism in Bedford County, Pennsylvania. 
 Many other names grace the roster of those who were 
 And Many guided in their theological studies by these untiring pas- 
 Others tors in Philadelphia. Such are John C. Baker, John P. 
 Hecht, Carl Philip Miller, Frederick Heyer and Daniel 
 Ulrich. Others, like Jacob Senderling and David F. Schaeffer, came under 
 Helmuth’s instruction in the University and may have received from 
 him their inspiration for the ministry as a 
 calling, but took their theological training from 
 other pastors. 
 Long before Helmuth and Schmidt laid 
 down the work of private 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Streit Teaches theological instruction it had 
 Henkel and been taken up by others. 
 Carpenter The students of Muhien- 
 
 berg and Wrangell had 
 begun to discharge their obligations for their 
 private tutoring by training up their own spir- 
 itual sons for the Lutheran ministry. Chris- 
 tian Streit, one of the first students, as we have 
 seen, to come under the instruction of the 
 learned Dr. Wrangel, became a chaplain in the 
 Revolutionary Army and after the war settled at Winchester, Virginia. 
 Here he instructed a number of men for the ministry of the Lutheran 
 
 54 
 
 
 
 CHRISTIAN STREIT 
 
PRIVATE TUTORING INys BHEOLOGY 
 
 Church in the south, among others, Paul Henkel and William Carpenter. 
 By action of the Pennsylvania Ministerium in 1804 he was officially des- 
 ignated as one of “the teachers for the instruction of young preachers.” 
 
 Muhlenberg’s own son, Henry Ernst, who had become pastor at Lan- 
 caster after the war, took a prominent place in educa- 
 tional circles. Not only did he occupy a front rank in H. E. Mublen- 
 the science of botany, but he was also made the first berg Tutors 
 president of Franklin College. In addition to these duties 
 he undertook to direct the theological studies of a number of young can- 
 didates for the ministry. One of these was Daniel Kurtz, son of that 
 John Nicholas Kurtz whom the elder Muhlen- 
 berg had helped to start on his American 
 career. For nearly half a century © Daniel 
 Kurtz was the influential pastor of Old Zion 
 Church, in Baltimore. Another of young Muh- 
 lenbere’s students in theology was his nephew, 
 John Andrew Schultze, who afterwards was 
 Governor of Pennsylvania. Still another of 
 those who received their theological education 
 in the parsonage at Lancaster was Benjamin 
 Keller, a member of the Lancaster congrega- 
 tion. Dr. Keller afterwards occupied many 
 places of responsibility in the Church, among 
 them the position of agent to secure funds to 
 maintain a German professor at the Gettys- 
 burg Seminary. Henry Ernst Muhlenberg, like his brothers, was 
 zealous for the introduction of English as the language of the Luth- 
 eran Church. At one time his congregation at Lancaster refused to con- 
 tribute to the synodical treasury until young men should be educated to 
 preach in English. A man of profound learning himself he was also 
 apt to teach others. His students always gave a good account of their 
 ministry. If the proposal for a joint Lutheran and Reformed theological 
 seminary at Lancaster had been made during his life-time, as it was made 
 three years after his death, the project might have been realized and H. E. 
 Muh’‘enberg would then have been its first president. 
 
 Christian Endress, who was Muhlenberg’s successor in Lancaster, con- 
 tinued the work of instructing in theology. He also continued the Muhlen- 
 berg traditions in favor of the English language. Among those whom 
 he taught were A. G. Deininger and Jacob Albert. 
 
 Henry A. Muhlenberg, the son of Henry Ernst, who H. A. Muhlen- 
 was pastor at Reading from 1802 to 1827, inherited the berg Instructs 
 mantle of his father and his grandfather. The most 
 noteworthy product of his tutelage was his cousin, Dr, John W. Richards, 
 
 59 
 
 
 
 HENRY ERNST 
 MUHLENBERG 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 one of the most active members of the Pennsylvania Ministerium during 
 the second quarter of the nineteenth century. 
 Across the Susquehanna from Lancaster, in York and 
 Goering at various points in York County, Jacob Goering was 
 Teaches Many discharging the obligation of gratitude he owed to Dr. 
 Helmuth for taking him into the parsonage at Lancaster 
 in 1770. A constant stream of students was passing under his instruction. 
 His grandson places the number of them at twenty-two. Goering was a 
 preacher of unusual ability and a dignified and 
 scholarly man. He was well equipped person- 
 ally for the work of teaching. He was an in- 
 defatigable student all through his life and at- 
 tained a high degree of proficiency in Latin, 
 Greek, and in Hebrew and its cognate lan- 
 guages. Tle was also a thorough student of 
 early Church history. He published three con- 
 troversial works against Anabaptists and Meth- 
 odists. Of special distinction among those 
 whom he taught was J. G. Schmucker who, as 
 we have seen, began his theological work under 
 Helmuth in Philadelphia. Another was John 
 F. Ruthrauff, father of the two pastors, Fred- 
 erick and Jonathan. Still another was the 
 Frederick David Schaeffer who afterwards became the successor 
 of J. F. Schmidt as the colleague of Dr. Helmuth in Philadelphia. 
 Frederick David Schaeffer continued the true apos- 
 F.D.Schaeffer’s tolic succession by educating his four sons for the minis- 
 Sons try. These were David Frederick, whose entire ministry 
 (1808-1836) was spent at Frederick, Maryland; Fred- 
 erick Solomon, whose short ministry of four years at Hagerstown, Mary- 
 land, was ended by an untimely death; Frederick Christian, whose chief 
 ministry was in New York City (1815-1831) where he did valiant service 
 against the rationalism that was current in his day; and Charles Frederick, 
 who later had the distinction of teaching in three seminaries, Columbus, 
 Gettysburg and Philadelphia. 
 Two of these four brothers, Frederick Solomon and 
 D. F. Schaeffer's | Charles Frederick, received part of their theological in- 
 Work struction from their eldest brother. David Frederick 
 Schaeffer was one of the most faithful and popular 
 tutors in the generation that preceded the opening of the Gettysburg 
 Seminary. He had been graduated from’ the University of Pennsylvania 
 in 1807. He was always concerned about improving the intellectual stan- 
 dards of the Lutheran ministry. For six years he edited the first English 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 JACOB GOERING 
 
PRIVATE TUTORING IN THEOLOGY 
 
 Lutheran journal in America, the Lutheran Intelligencer. He helped to 
 found the Maryland Synod in 1820. He had a very important agency, 
 
 as we shall see, in establishing the Gettysburg 
 Seminary in 1826. And until that institution 
 was born, he gave his time and his parsonage 
 in Frederick for the training of a large num- 
 ber of men for the ministry. Chief among 
 these were Charles Philip Krauth, afterwards 
 the second professor in the Gettysburg Sem- 
 inary; Emanuel Greenwald, one of the pioneers 
 in the work in Ohio; D. Rosemiller, another 
 Ohio pioneer; D. J. Hauer, faithful home mis- 
 sionary in the East; and Benjamin Keller. 
 Others were M. Meyerheffer, William and 
 Daniel Jenkins, John Winter, John N. Hoff- 
 man, John Kehler, Jacob Medtart, F. J. Ruth, 
 and Martin Wachter. Dr. Schaeffer, with the 
 
 
 
 Dr. SCHAEFFER 
 
 scholarly traditions of his family and his own university education, must 
 have felt very keenly the inadequacy of this method of private tutoring in 
 
 
 
 GEORGE LOCHMAN 
 
 theology and must have longed deeply for some 
 well-established institution where the theolog- 
 ical training of Lutheran ministers might be 
 accomplished with greater thoroughness. 
 
 Another of the students of Helmuth and 
 Schmidt who in turn became a theological pre- 
 ceptor of others was Dr. George Lochman. In 
 his parsonage at Lebanon 
 
 and afterwards at Harris- George 
 burg he always had a num- Lochman’s 
 ber of young men under his Many Students 
 
 care as tutor. Dr.: Loch- 
 
 man was one of those appointed by the Penn- 
 sylvania Ministerium to train the ministerial 
 candidates in his part of the state. His own 
 
 son, Dr. Augustus H. Lochman, long the pastor at York, received his the- 
 ological education from his father and estimated that more than thirty 
 others were trained by the same hand. Among the first of these was Dr. 
 J. C. Baker, who had begun his studies under the Philadelphia pastors. 
 Some of the others were Benjamin Kurtz, Emanuel Keller, George Reim- 
 ensnyder, Jonathan and Frederick Ruthrauff, J. P. Shindle, David Eyster, 
 John Stine, M. Stroh, Jesse Bahl, Jacob Schnee and Pastors Stecher, 
 
 Scheurer and Mennig. 
 
 When J. G. Schmucker succeeded Jacob Goering at York in 1809 he 
 
 7 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 continued Goering’s work of tutoring young candidates for the ministry. 
 Most prominent among those whom he thus instructed was his own son, 
 
 Samuel Simon. This son 
 J.G.Schmucker afterwards continued his 
 Teaches theological studies under 
 
 Dr. Helmuth in  Philadel- 
 phia and then at Princeton Seminary. Other 
 students of Dr. J. G. Schmucker were Daniel 
 Gottwald, Reuben Weiser, Jesse Hoover, J. K. 
 Hoshour, Michael Eyster, Nicholas Sharretts, 
 J. H. Herbst and Charles A. Morris. While 
 still at Hagerstown, Dr. Schmucker was off- 
 cially named by the Synod as a teacher of 
 prospective ministers. 
 
 Among the Lutheran churches south of the 
 Potomac the same method was used in re- 
 cruiting the ministerial ranks. Paul Henkel, 
 of New Market, Virginia, had received his theological training partly from 
 Christian Streit at Winchester, Virginia, and partly from J. A. Krug, the 
 Lutheran pastor at Frederick, Maryland. He 
 was licensed by the Pennsylvania Ministerium, 
 
 in 1792 and became the 
 Henkel Trains greatest home missionary of 
 Five Sons the Eutheran Church eatter 
 
 the Revolution. In the in- 
 tervals between his many missionary journeys 
 he helped to train a goodly number of young 
 men for the ministry. -He had come from a 
 long line of ministerial ancestry extending back 
 to the Reformation and he continued the suc- 
 cession in his own family. Five of his six 
 sons he trained for the Lutheran ministry. 
 Philip became one of the organizers of the 
 Tennessee Synod in 1820 and in turn prepared 
 two of his own sons as Lutheran ministers; Ambrose was chiefly distin- 
 guished as a publisher of Lutheran works at New Market; Andrew labored 
 as pastor in Ohio; David was the moving spirit in the Tennessee Synod, a 
 home missionary and a writer, and he trained two of his sons, Polycarp 
 and Socrates, for distinguished service in the Lutheran Church of the 
 South; Charles was a missionary in Ohio and was the theological preceptor 
 of son, Dr. D. M. Henkel. 
 
 To the strong ministerial tradition in the Henkel family the Lutheran 
 Church in America owes many a fine gift, both in literature and in per- 
 sonality, including nearly a hundred ministers and many prominent doctors 
 
 58 
 
 
 
 JOHN GEORGE SCHMUCKER 
 
 
 
 PAUL HENKEL 
 
PRIVATE TUTORING IN THEOLOGY 
 
 and business men. The unbroken chain of ministerial succession in the 
 family, the father in each case training his own sons for the ministry, has 
 
 been styled “a sort of family theological seminary.” It 
 is perhaps only a coincidence that the Henkel parson- The New Mar- 
 age at New Market, where J. G. Schmucker had re- ket Parsonage 
 
 ceived his first instruction in theology, was afterwards 
 
 occupied by Schmucker’s son, Samuel Simon, and that even while the vener- 
 able Paul Henkel was still living there in New Market, young Schmucker 
 began in that parsonage a sort of pro-seminary, privately preparing students 
 for the Lutheran ministry and incidentally training himself for his future 
 life-work at Gettysburg. 
 
 There were other private tutors of theology in the South. Pastor C. A. 
 G. Stork, of Salisbury, North Carolina, was a gradute of Helmstedt Uni- 
 versity and in spite of his feeble health directed the 
 theological studies of several candidates for the min- Other Tutors 
 istry, among them Gottlieb Shober, one of the found- in the South 
 ers of the General Synod. William Carpenter, who had 
 studied theology under Christian Streit and who was for twenty-six years 
 pastor of old Hebron Church in his native Madison County, Virginia, was 
 the theological preceptor of George D. Flohr and several others in the 
 southern part of the Church. Among the Salzburgers of Georgia the 
 learned and devout John Ernest Bergmann, who was the last of the pastors 
 sent from Germany to Georgia, educated his son, Christopher F., and he 
 was ordained by the new Synod of South Carolina in 1824, just in time 
 to succeed his father at Ebenezer. Dr. John Bachman, of Charleston, South 
 Carolina, who afterwards led in the establishment of the theological semi- 
 nary in South Carolina, was private tutor in theology to John G. Schwartz, 
 first professor in that Seminary, and Stephen D. Mealy. In Catawba 
 County, North Carolina, Daniel Moser took his son, Jonathan R., and taught 
 him theology until he was ready to be ordained by the Tennessee Synod 
 in 1836. In Guilford County of the same state, Rev. Jacob Scherer, the 
 progenitor of a long line of worthy ministers, prepared his own brother 
 Daniel for the ministry in the 1820’s. In this way the pastors of the Church 
 in the South helped to assure a succession of ministers until their theolog- 
 ical seminary began in 1829. 
 
 Meanwhile farther north the pastors on the frontiers as well as those in 
 more settled parts of the country continued to lay their hands upon likely 
 young men and give them their start or their entire 
 course in the theological branches. In western Penn- In Western 
 sylvania J. M. Steck and Jacob Schnee prepared M. J. Pennsylvania 
 Steck for his ordination by the Pennsylvania Synod in 
 1816, and Jonas Mechling for his ordination by the Ohio Synod in 1820. 
 Mechling afterwards became Steck’s successor at Greensburg, Pennsylvania, 
 
 59 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 where he ministered for twenty years. He in turn took his parishioner, 
 Dewaldt Rothacker, and with the aid of Missionary Stauch, prepared him 
 for his ministry of forty-eight years at various places in Ohio. 
 At Easton, Pennsylvania, John P. Hecht, former 
 Farther East student of Dr. Helmuth and Pastor Schmidt in Phila- 
 delphia, instructed Henry S. Miller in Reinhart’s Dog- 
 matics and other text-books, and he was licensed in 1823. Others whom 
 Hecht taught were J. C. Schoenberg, who became a missionary in Illinois, 
 Joseph B. Gross, Richard Collier, and Nathan Jaeger. At Hanover, Penn- 
 sylvania, Rev. F. V. Melsheimer prepared Abraham Reck, of Littlestown, 
 for his licensure by the Ministerium in 1812. Reck’s first charge was at 
 Winchester, Virginia, and here he helped Charles Philip Krauth at the be- 
 ginning of his theological studies. Later on Reck settled at Middletown, 
 Maryland, and here he was instrumental in sending into the Lutheran minis- 
 try such useful men as Ezra Keller, founder of Wittenberg College; David 
 F. Bittle, founder of Roanoke College; William A. Wadsworth and John 
 Gaver. Still later he organized the first English Lutheran Church in Cin- 
 cinnati. Reck’s teacher at Hanover, Pennsylvania, Rev. Mr. Melsheimer, 
 was named by the Pennsylvania Ministerium as one of the recognized in- 
 structors of theological candidates. 
 In New Jersey, at New Germantown, Ernst L. 
 In New Jersey Hazelius conducted the theological studies of George B. 
 Miller, his assistant teacher in the classical academy 
 there. Miller was licensed in 1819 and eight years later he became the 
 colleague of Dr. Hazelius on the faculty of Hartwick Seminary and in 1830 
 his successor as principal of that institution. 
 The Lutheran pastors of New York State gave their time also for the 
 private tutoring of theological candidates. Dr. George A. Lintner received 
 his instruction in theology from his pastor, Rev. Peter 
 In New York W. Domeier, in the Mohawk Valley. He was 
 licensed by the New York Ministerium in 1818, and be- 
 came one of the founders of the Hartwick Synod. In New York City, 
 John P. Goertner received part of his training in theology from Dr. Fred- 
 erick C. Schaeffer. At Rhinebeck, Dr. F. H. Quitman, for eighteen years 
 the forceful president of the New York Ministerium, instructed many 
 young men in those parts in the theological branches. In this work he was 
 ably assisted by his son-in-law, Dr. Augustus Wackerhagen, of Schoharie 
 and Columbia County. Their labors as theological tutors extended over 
 about thirty years, from 1795 to 1825. Quitman was an outspoken rational- 
 ist, a disciple of Semler at Halle, but there is little indication that he 
 forced his rationalistic views on his pupils. Among the many ministers 
 whom he helped to tutor was Dr. John C. Bachman, the distinguished 
 Lutheran scholar and churchman in the south. 
 
 60 
 
PRIVATE TUTORING IN THEOLOGY 
 
 But the teacher of chief distinction in New York before the beginning 
 uf theological seminaries was Dr. F. W. Geissenhainer. He was a graduate 
 of the Universities of Giessen and Goettingen. For a 
 while he had taught in the University of Goettingen. In F. W. Geissen- 
 1793, at the age of twenty-two, Geissenhainer came to hainer 
 America and accepted a call from several congre- 
 gations in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Here he began his practice 
 of directing the attention of young men to the Christian ministry and him- 
 self undertaking their theological instruction. One of these young men 
 from Montgomery County to come under Dr. Geissenhainer’s tutelage was 
 that Jacob Miller to whom reference has already been made as having 
 completed his studies under Helmuth and Schmidt, and who afterwards 
 became Dr. Geissenhainer’s son-in-law and his successor in Montgomery 
 County, and then the successor of H. A. Muhlenberg at Reading. In 1894 
 the Pennsylvania Ministerium officially designated Dr. Geissenhainer as 
 one of the synodical “teachers for the instruction of young preachers.” 
 Before Dr. Kunze died he recommended Dr. Geissenhainer to be his suc- 
 cessor as pastor of the German Lutheran churches of New York. Dr. 
 Geissenhainer accepted the call and labored on that important field for 
 thirty years except for an interval of eight years spent in Montgomery 
 County, Pennsylvania. Here in New York he did his chief work as 
 theological preceptor. 
 
 In depth of learning Dr. Geissenhainer was a worthy successor of Dr. 
 Kunze. He spoke Latin fluently. His early experience in teaching at Goet- 
 tingen made him a careful and thorough-going tutor of 
 his private students in America. He did all of his work His Students 
 in German and he was quite conservative on the matter 
 of transition to English, but the firm evangelical quality of his doctrinal 
 position did much to counteract the rationalistic influence of Dr. Quitman in 
 the New York Ministerium. One of the first products of his theological 
 tutoring in New York was his own son, of the same name, who afterwards 
 became his father’s assistant and successor in the New York churches and 
 the first president of the Board of Trustees of the Philadelphia Seminary. 
 Some of the other men whom the elder Dr. Geissenhainer tutored in 
 theology were his nephew, Anastasius T. Geissenhainer, who was a diligent 
 liturgical scholar; his grandson, Frederick W. Miller; Dr. C. F. Welden, 
 who was one of the founders of the General Council; Lewis Smith, J. G. 
 Roeller, Frederick Waage, Ernst Brauns, J. W. Starman, W. J. Eyer, 
 J. C. G. Schwirtzerbarth, Mark Harpel, and W. A. Fetter. 
 
 Dr. Geissenhainer, like his predecessor, Dr. Kunze, felt very keenly the 
 need of an institution, under the direction of the synods and centrally lo- 
 cated, for the thorough training of men for the Lutheran pulpits. When the 
 General Synod was organized in 1820 he wrote a letter from New 
 
 61 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 York urging upon the new body the establishment of such an_institu- 
 tion. And if the New York Ministerium had remained 
 Need of a in connection with the General Synod until its theological 
 Seminary institution was established, Dr. Giessenhainer would 
 probably have been chosen its first professor or one 
 Olt hts? e pIoLessol ; 
 
 We have recounted only the most representative of the private tutors 
 in theology during the period between the Revolutionary War and the found- 
 ing of the General Synod. Many others there were, in more obscure stations 
 and with even less adequate facilities, who were making the same sort of 
 sacrifice in time and energy to assure a succession of native ministers for 
 the Lutheran Church in America. 
 
 The intellectual qualifications of these teachers were 
 
 The Quality of often high, particularly in the case of those who had 
 
 the Teaching been trained at European universities. Most of the in- 
 
 structors whom we have mentioned were so eminent in 
 
 learning that they received the doctorate of divinity from the University of 
 
 Pennsylvania or from Columbia or from Harvard and that too at a time 
 
 when such a degree was a special distinction. They were thoroughly dis- 
 
 ciplined in mind and despite the extreme difficulty of the circumstances 
 
 under which they taught in America they were usually quite rigid and 
 painstaking in their training of ministerial candidates. 
 
 The curriculum of the average theological course received in this way 
 was determined by the standards of the times and the circumstances under 
 
 which the teaching was done. It consisted largely of 
 The Subjects dogmatics and the Biblical languages. Neither teachers 
 Studied nor pupils were fastidious concerning text-books. Almost 
 
 any books that were available were made to serve the 
 purpose. In general, those who taught in German avoided the products of 
 the rationalistic authors so popular in Germany at that time. Fortunately 
 for those who taught in English or used Latin text-books, few of the Ger- 
 man rationalistic works had as yet been translated into those languages. 
 So far as the text-books are concerned, therefore, the teaching was mostly 
 positive and evangelical. A great variety of books were used, among 
 them Mosheim’s Elementa Theologiae Dogmaticae (which we know was 
 warmly commended by such teachers as J. G. Schmucker, of York, and 
 F. C. Sthaeffer, of New York), Reinhardt’s Dogmatics, and Storr and 
 Flatt’s Biblical Theology. Much emphasis was laid upon the study of the 
 original languages of the Bible. Correct exegesis was properly valued, 
 and the preaching was largely exegetical and expository. Some of the 
 teachers were highly proficient not only in Latin and Greek, but also in the 
 Oriental languages, and this was reflected in the training of their pupils 
 as well as the synodical examination of candidates. The training in the 
 
 62 
 
PRIVATES AU PORING INI i BOLOGY 
 
 practical department of theology was received in the laboratory of ex- 
 perience and observation. The candidate in many cases helped to teach the 
 parochial school, assisted in catechetical instruction, acted as organist or 
 chorister, or both, helped in pastoral visitation, and even substituted for his 
 teacher occasionally in filling his preaching appointments. Where it was 
 feasible, the preceptor took the candidate into his parsonage as one of the 
 family and gave him constant access to his library. The method of in- 
 struction was largely catechetical, questions and answers concerning the 
 assigned text-book material. In many cases the training was carried on 
 with special reference to the character and content of the synodical exami- 
 nation which lay before. This, as we have seen, was likely to be exacting 
 enough to demand a long period of diligent study on the part of the can- 
 didate. For if the first examination was not successfully passed, the 
 candidate was frankly refused licensure or else delayed in his promotion 
 to the full standing of pastor. 
 
 Both teachers and pupils must have felt the inadequacy of this method 
 of ministerial training, and in view of Muhlenberg’s ideals and plans for a 
 seminary and in view of Kunze’s efforts at starting a 
 theological school, this method of private tutoring must Private Tutor- 
 have been regarded as only temporary, a makeshift to ing Inadequate 
 tide over the Lutheran Church in America until some 
 more adequate method could be evolved. The stream of ministerial re- 
 cruits from beyond the Atlantic had died out. It was perilous to depend 
 on the schools of other denominations for the training of Lutheran minis- 
 ters. Apart from the private tutoring of candidates there remained only 
 one other alternative, and that was to begin, however humbly and feebly 
 at first, a Lutheran Theological Seminary on American soil. The first faint 
 beginning in this direction was made in New York State, where we have 
 seen Kunze and Geissenhainer and others assiduously instructing such men 
 as they found willing or could persuade to prepare for the Gospel ministry. 
 The first professor in this first theological seminary was John Christopher 
 Kunze. But the institution itself bears the name of John Christopher 
 Hartwick. 
 
Or Dated il dane ANS 
 HARTWICK SEMINARY 
 
 John Christopher Hartwick had begun as early as 1752 to plan for the 
 establishment of a training school for Lutheran preachers. But forty-five 
 years elapsed before his school had any sort of exist- 
 A Plan Long ence, and nearly twenty years more before it was lo- 
 Cherished cated and the first building erected. When it did come 
 into existence, while it served a useful purpose, its loca- 
 tion and its character were such that it did not by any means meet the full 
 need of the Church. It left abundant room for an institution more centrally 
 located, more thoroughly organized, and officially sponsored by the general 
 synodical organization of the Lutheran Church in America. Yet, for more 
 than a century and a quarter, Hartwick Seminary, in spite of its disadvan- 
 tages, has aided materially in the preparation of men for Lutheran pulpits. 
 We are chiefly concerned here about the foundation of the school and that 
 part of its history that antedates the beginning of the Seminary at Gettys- 
 burg. 
 Pastor Hartwick came to America about 1745, when he was about thirty 
 years old. He was born in Saxe-Gotha, in the province of Thuringia, Ger- 
 many, and had early come under pietistic influence. He 
 Hartwick’s received a thorough education in Germany and came to 
 Career the province of New York at the call of several 
 Lutheran congregations in Albany and Dutchess 
 Counties. These congregations consisted largely of the survivors and de- 
 scendants of those Palatines who had come to America a generation earlier 
 and had been served by Falckner, Kocherthal, and Berkenmeier. Hartwick 
 settled at Rhinebeck and from that point served a number of congregations. 
 At that time Berkenmeier was laboring in New York City. But he would 
 have no dealings with Hartwick. Their antecedents were different. Hart- 
 wick cultivated relations with Muhlenberg and other pastors in Pennsyl- 
 vania. He helped Muhlenberg to organize the Synod in Philadelphia in 
 1748 and preached the ordination sermon on that occasion. He frequently 
 heard of Muhlenberg’s plans for a theological seminary. 
 After twelve years of a more or less settled pastorate 
 His Eccen- at Rhinebeck, Hartwick began that itinerant career that 
 tricity characterized him to the end of his days. He received 
 calls from various congregations in Pennsylvania, Mary- 
 land, Virginia and New England. But he declined all calls as permanent 
 
 64 
 
HARTWICK SEMINARY 
 
 pastor and never remained long at any one place. He never married. 
 Many are the traditions concerning his personal eccentricities. Strong 
 proof of his constitutional peculiarity is seen in the will and testament 
 by which he established the Seminary that bears his name. The terms 
 of that will not only puzzled the executors, but also delayed and hampered 
 the work of the school. Nevertheless the institution began to function 
 in 1797, the year after Hartwick’s death. To understand the spirit and 
 purpose of the school we must trace the steps that led to its establishment 
 by Hartwick. 
 
 J. C. Hartwick was intensely interested in the saving of souls. From 
 pietistic circles in Germany he had caught the missionary spirit. Before he 
 came to America he had been associated with Dr. Cal- 
 lenberg in his institution at Hamburg where they His Missionary 
 trained missionaries for work among Jews and Moham- Spirit 
 medans. His call to America Pastor Hartwick regarded 
 as a missionary call. After his arrival in America he was not only deeply 
 concerned about his destitute brethren in the faith but even more concerned 
 about the unevangelized red man on the western borders. 
 
 With the Indians, especially the powerful tribes of the Mohawks, Hart- 
 wick cultivated friendly contacts. Perhaps it was in part the natural rest- 
 lessness of his own character that caused him to be at- 
 tracted to the natives and led him to associate with them Purchase of 
 on familiar terms. Perhaps it was purely his interest in Indian Lands 
 the welfare of their souls. Perhaps there were 
 other motives. At any rate, we soon find him receiving concessions of 
 land from them. A purchase of thirty-six square miles in central New 
 York in 1750 for one hundred pounds was not valid because Hartwick 
 had neglected to secure from the colonial authorities the license required 
 to purchase lands from the Indians. In 1752 Hartwick and ten others 
 secured the required license from Governor Clinton and two years later 
 they purchased another tract of the same size and for the same price. 
 This tract coincided substantially with what was later the township of 
 Hartwick in Otsego County. The return of the survey in 1755 showed 
 that the tract contained over 21,000 acres. Several years later Hartwick 
 bought the interest of seven of the patentees and so became the owner 
 of eight elevenths of the whole tact, or nearly 16,000 acres. It was this 
 estate that Hartwick intended should furnish the location and the endow- 
 ment of his theological seminary. 
 
 But after Hartwick’s death, which took place in 1796, it was found that 
 less than three thousand acres remained in his estate. The rest had been 
 disposed of by his agent and manager, William Cooper, father of James 
 Fenimore. More than half of the funds accruing from these sales 
 were lost in the hands of Hartwick’s executors so that the schedule of 
 
 65 
 
HISTORY- OF GETTYSBURG. SEMINARY 
 
 his estate in 1801 valued his property at less than $16,000. By the terms 
 of his will this was to be used for the establishment of an institution which 
 he designated as a Gymnasium Evangelicum Mimsteriale 
 Value of pro propagatione Evangelicae Christianae Religionts inter 
 His Estate Gentiles, that is, a classical. school to train miun- 
 isters for the spreading of evangelical Christianity 
 among the heathen. 
 Hartwick’s will is a curious instrument. It is couched in very remark- 
 able forms of expression, and it embodies quaint and often impossible 
 details. But the main purpose of the testator is plain. It 
 His Will names as executors Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, of Albany, 
 and F. A. Muhlenberg, then speaker of the House of 
 Representatives. As literary directors to appoint good learned Lutherans 
 for the “Theological Faculty of the Seminarium” it names J. C. Kunze, 
 president of the New York Ministerium, and J. C. Helmuth, president of 
 the Pennsylvania Ministerium. The design of the institution is declared to 
 be the training of young men, properly qualified in body and mind, for 
 the preaching of the Gospel to the Indians. It is provided also that 
 “whenever there should be no more occasion for missionaries to red or 
 black heathens, or the revenue of my estate will bear it, the compass of 
 instruction may be enlarged to catechetical instruction, and if, after that, 
 Providence should provide sufficient means, also to classical learning.” 
 Dr. Helmuth declined to act as literary director of the proposed sem- 
 inary “on account of the multiplicity of my other concerns and the remote- 
 ness of my residence.” The other three representatives 
 A Faculty of the estate met in New York City in September, 1797. 
 Chosen They decided that it was impossible to carry out 
 that part of the will which provided for the building 
 of a city on the tract in Otsego County. So they resolved to found at 
 once a theological missionary institute. The question of location was 
 deferred for consideration at a future time. But they proceeded imme- 
 diately to elect a faculty for the new school. Three men were chosen. 
 Dr. Kunze was elected theological professor, to continue his residence in 
 New York, and to receive a salary of five hundred dollars. Rev. A. T. 
 Braun, pastor of Ebenezer Lutheran Church, in Albany, was chosen ass’s- 
 tant professor to teach students in the preparatory course there, and his 
 salary was fixed at two hundred and fifty dollars. Professor Braun had 
 formerly been a Roman Catholic missionary among the Indians and so 
 had special qualifications for this work. Both of these men were to con- 
 tinue their work as pastors of their respective congregations until other 
 plans could be devised. But Rev. John Frederick Ernst, pastor at Athens 
 and Churchtown, was engaged at a salary of two hundred and fifty dol- 
 lars and the free use of one hundred acres of land, to settle among the 
 
 66 
 
HARTWICK SEMINARY 
 
 people on the Hartwick tract in Otsego County and instruct their children 
 in the common school branches. | 
 
 These appropriations covered the income of the estate, and the plans 
 thus formed were put into effect at once. Hartwick Seminary, therefore, 
 may be said to have begun in 1797, twenty-nine years 
 before the Gettysburg Seminary began. Pastor Ernst The Seminary 
 removed to Cooperstown and took up the work of preach- Begins 
 ing and teaching school. Pastor Braun in Albany 
 and later at Schoharie prepared young men for the study of theology. 
 And Dr, Kunze in New York was at last a “professor of divinity.” This 
 arrangement embodied the essentials of a preparatory school, a college, 
 and a theological seminary. The library of this scattered institution was at 
 Schenectady, where Hartwick had deposited 420 volumes for the use of 
 his school after buildings should have been erected. _We are concerned 
 here only about the theological department of the institution. 
 
 No one in America was better qualified to fill this first Lutheran pro- 
 fessorship of theology than Dr. Kunze. We have already learned of his 
 qualifications. He was now not only the busy pastor 
 
 of the united churches in New York City, but also the Kunze as 
 permanent president of the New York Ministerium. But Theological 
 in addition to these duties he took up the work of tutor- Professor 
 
 ing candidates for the ministry on the Hartwick foun- 
 dation. The number of candidates was never large. The Hartwick estate 
 was involved in vicissitudes and Kunze’s salary was reduced. The ques- 
 tion of a proper site for the permanent location of the school perplexed 
 the executors. But Kunze continued the work of instruction in New 
 York until his death in 1807. , 
 
 The purpose of preparing missionaries for work among the Indians, 
 as intended by MHartwick’s will, was not served by the institution. 
 Kunze entered with enthusiasm upon the idea of a 
 missionary institute. He prepared an elaborate plan No Mission- 
 for missions among the aborigines and submitted his aries Trained 
 plan to President Washington. But the President de- 
 cided that the plan would require Congressional sanction, and _ this 
 never came. The retreat of the Indians before the advancing 
 frontier of European civilization made the red man relatively inaccessible, 
 and the demand for ministers among Lutheran congregations absorbed 
 the entire output,,of Dr. Kunze’s, and: Professor Braun’s laboss. 
 
 Among those who enjoyed the instruction of Dr. 
 
 Kunze on the basis of the Hartwick endowment are sev- Notable 
 eral notable names. There was Philip F. Mayer. He Students 
 was a step-son of Dr. F. H. Quitman, of Rhinebeck, 
 
 but grew up as a member of Kunze’s congregation in New York. After 
 
 67 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 graduating from Columbia College he studied theology under Dr. Kunze, 
 spending about two hours with him each day for three years. Then he 
 was ordained by the New York Ministerium. He served 
 P. F. Mayer a short pastorate at Athens, New York, but is chiefly 
 notable for his long pastorate (1806-1858) at St. John’s 
 Church, in Philadelphia, the first congregation established in America for 
 Lutheran services in English. He may be regarded as the first graduate 
 of the Theological Department of Hartwick Seminary. The year when 
 he completed his studies there was 1803. 
 Three years later Frederick G. Mayer, a brother of 
 F. G. Mayer Philip, completed his theological studies under Dr. Kunze 
 and so graduated from Hartwick Seminary. For thirty- 
 five years he was pastor of the Lutheran Church in Albany. 
 Another student under Kunze in New York was Henry A. Muhlenberg, 
 a grandson of the patriarch. His father was the pastor in Lancaster, Penn- 
 sylvania. When young Muhlenberg had completed his 
 H. A. theological studies under his uncle, Dr. Kunze, he re- 
 Muhlenberg turned to his native state and accepted the charge of 
 Trinity Church, in Reading. Here he labored with great 
 fidelity until his impaired health forced him to resign in 1827. He later 
 became distinguished in the sphere of politics. 
 The year after Frederick Mayer finished his work under Dr. Kunze, 
 that is, in 1807, Dr. Kunze died. Then for several years 
 John Bachman there was no theological instruction on the Hartwick 
 foundation except such as was done by Professor Braun, 
 who was now the pastor of the Gilead pastorate north and northeast of 
 Albany. Braun was for a time the preceptor of John Bachman, but Bach- 
 man’s theological studies were completed under the direction of F. H. 
 Quitman and P. F. Mayer. For a time during this period Dr. Quitman, 
 of Rhinebeck, was also in the employ of the Hartwick estate and in this 
 capacity taught his son William and a Lewis Ring. Mr. Ring, however, 
 did not enter the ministry. 
 It is interesting to note that while Dr. Kunze was 
 Introducing conducting the Theological Department of Hartwick 
 English Seminary he was also helping to prepare the Church for 
 the transition to the English language. He published an 
 English hymn-book and an English translation of Luther’s Catechism. 
 He even tried himself to preach English, but with little success. He 
 secured an English-speaking assistant pastor in Rev. George Strebeck, 
 whom he himself had tutored. Others whom he prepared during this 
 period for ordination by the New York Ministerium were J. C. Wieting 
 and G. J. Wichtermann. Kunze’s students were the first English Lutheran 
 pastors in America. They helped to further the anglicizing process in 
 
 68 
 
HARTWICK SEMINARY 
 
 New York, and so rapid was that process that by the time of Kunze’s death 
 English was made the official language of the Ministerium in that state. 
 Moreover, Kunze’s students, by their firm evangelical positions, helped to 
 disprove the charge that the English language is always the vehicle of 
 rationalistic theology among Lutherans. With the exception of Dr. 
 Quitman, who did only a little teaching on the Hartwick foundation, the 
 work of these early teachers in Hartwick Seminary was always pos'tive 
 and thoroughly evangelical. Dr. Kunze’s position on Lutheran theotogy 
 did not change from what it had been in Philadelphia. Professor Braun 
 was one of the few conservative men who had the courage openly to 
 oppose the rationalistic views of Quitman and others. It was largely due 
 to the influence of these early Hartwick men that the rationalistic spirit 
 in the New York Ministerium was exorcised. 
 
 When Dr. Kunze died in 1807, the permanent location of Hartwick Sem- 
 inary had not yet been determined. Its location was destined to be a matter 
 of serious import for its future and for the future of 
 Lutheran theological education in general. A number of A Permanent 
 ineffectual efforts had been made to fix upon a site. Location 
 Rhinebeck made generous offers of land and subscriptions 
 and was for a time favorably considered. If Rhinebeck had been chosen 
 it seems likely that Dr. F. H. Quitman would have been the professor of 
 theology and this would have been disastrous for the influence of the in- 
 stitution. The United Lutheran churches of New York presented a claim 
 for the institution, and if that claim had been granted Dr. Geissenhainer 
 would probably have been the teacher of theology and it might not be 
 necessary today to write the history of Gettysburg Seminary. The people 
 of Cooperstown were anxious to connect the Seminary with their academy 
 and offered a new building for this purpose. The Lutherans of Albany 
 actually entered into articles of agreement with the administrators of the 
 estate, selected an appropriate site in the neighborhood of the Capitol, and 
 purchased stones for the foundation of the Seminary building. But then 
 the inhabitants of the Hartwick tract, finding that they would be deprived 
 of the annual contribution of one hundred and fifty dollars to their 
 schools if the institution was located at Albany, insisted on the exact 
 terms of Hartwick’s will and prepared to prosecute the administrators. 
 So the Albany project was abandoned. 
 
 When Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, the last of the executors, died in 1810 
 his will appointed John G. Knauff, a practicing physician of Albany, to suc- 
 ceed him as executor. After consulting with the officers 
 of the New York Ministerium, Dr. Knauff determined A Building 
 to locate the Seminary on the Hartwick tract in Ot- Erected 
 sego County. The foundation of the first building 
 was laid in 1812 and the building was completed in 1815. In December of 
 
 69 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 that year the Seminary commenced its operations and the next August 
 the regents of the University gave it a charter. A board of trustees con- 
 sisting of five clergymen and seven laymen was named in the charter, and 
 to this board Dr. Knauff at once transferred all that remained of the 
 
 
 
 HARTWICK SEMINARY 
 
 Hartwick estate, property then valued at about twenty-four thousand dol- 
 lars, including the Seminary lot and buildings. 
 Hartwick Seminary was now permanently located and in a position to 
 function regularly, but its remote location was always felt to be something 
 of a disadvantage. When it commenced its operations 
 Early Students in its permanent home in 1815 there were nineteen 
 students in attendance. Before the close of the first 
 year forty-four were enrolled. How many of these were students of 
 theology it is impossible to ascertain. It is known that the first graduate 
 was Dr. H. N. Pohlman, who for twenty-one years was President of the 
 New York Ministerium. From St. John’s English Lutheran Church in 
 Philadelphia Dr. Mayer sent John Z. Senderling to Hartwick Seminary. 
 But most of the students came from New York and New Jersey. The 
 number of graduates in the theological department of the institution was 
 never large. A list of the clergymen who received their training wholly 
 or in part at Hartwick Seminary during the first hundred years of its 
 existence includes two hundred and fifteen names. Among them are the 
 names of many who attained great usefulness and eminence in the Luth- 
 eran Church. 
 
 70 
 
HARTWICK SEMINARY 
 
 Before Dr. Knauff opened the Seminary in Otsego County and turned 
 over its management to a board of trustees, he had selected and called a 
 man to give his entire time to the teaching of its stu- 
 cents. This selection was doubtless made in consultation Hazelius 
 with the leading spirits of the New York Min- in Charge 
 isterium. The man thus called to be the professor of 
 Christian theology was Ernest Lewis Hazelius. Dr. Hazelius was not 
 without experience as a teacher. For eight years he had taught in the 
 Moravian Seminary at Nazareth, Pennsylvania, part of the time as pro- 
 fessor of theology. Then for a short time he had taught in a classical 
 school in Philadelphia, where he had come into close touch with Dr. Hel- 
 muth. During the six years preceding his call to Hartwick he had been 
 pastor at New Germantown, New Jersey, and had conducted a clasvical 
 academy in addition. Thus he was well qualified for the work to which 
 he was called at Hartwick Seminary. He entered upon his new work 
 with great earnestness in 1815 and continued at that post for fifteen years 
 until he was called to the Gettysburg Seminary. As his assistant in the 
 work he had John A. Quitman, son of the president of the New York 
 Ministerium and afterwards a major-general in the Mexican War and 
 first governor of Mississippi. 
 
 Hartwick Seminary was to be a Lutheran institution. The will of Pas- 
 tor Hartwick appointed two eminent Lutheran laymen as executors, and as 
 literary directors it named the two men who were at 
 that time the presidents of the only two Lutheran synods A Lutheran 
 in America. It is specified also that the faculty of the School 
 school is to consist of “learned and Godly persons, 
 regularly qualified according to the discipline of the Evangelick Church 
 adhering to the Augustan Confession.” When the institution was incor- 
 porated in' 1816 the act stated that the object of the testator was “to pro- 
 mote the education of pious young men for the gospel ministry in the 
 Lutheran Church.” It is also set forth that in accordance with the inten- 
 tion of the testator the executor “together with the reverend synod of the 
 Lutheran Church” has agreed upon a plan of incorporation. Concerning 
 the charter of the institution it is enacted in the articles of incorporation 
 that it shall be in the usual form of such academic charters, “except that 
 the principal of the said seminary shall always be a Lutheran minister, of 
 good standing, and that a majority of the trustees shall always be Luth- 
 eran clergymen and laymen, whose duty it shall be, in addition to the other 
 branches of education to be taught in the said seminary, to teach candidates 
 for the gospel ministry, in the said seminary, a regular system of theology.” 
 Of the first board of trustees, named in the charter, it appears that at 
 least eight of the twelve were Lutherans, among them the president of 
 the New York Ministerium and the Lutheran pastors at Albany, Schoharie, 
 
 71 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 and Sharon. All this would seem to be a sufficient guarantee of the 
 Lutheran character of the institution. 
 The first professor of theology in the incorporated 
 Hazelius a institution was a Lutheran by conviction. True, he had 
 Lutheran Moravian antecedents. His parents were Moravian. He 
 had been educated in Moravian institutions. He had 
 even taught theology in a Moravian Seminary, and had come to America 
 for that purpose. But he had severed his relations with the Moravian 
 institution at Nazareth because he had come to differ with his Moravian 
 brethren on questions of church government and discipline. Then he had 
 identified himself with the Lutheran Church for whose theology he had 
 always entertained a high regard and in whose ministerial ranks his pater- 
 nal ancestors had furnished a long line of honored pastors. He had been 
 licensed by the New York Ministerium to preach to several Lutheran 
 congregations in New Jersey, and in 1815 he was ordained by that Minis- 
 terium to become the Principal of Hartwick Seminary. While he could 
 not entirely shake off the effects of his early Moravian training, yet his 
 work of instruction at Hartwick and elsewhere and the publications that 
 afterwards came from his pen clearly indicate his Lutheran convictions. 
 Standards of Lutheranism have varied in our country from time to time, 
 but according to the standard prevailing in the period from 1815 to 1826, 
 Dr. Hazelius was a good Lutheran, fully as good, for example, as Dr. 
 Helmuth, and better than Dr. Quitman and many others in prominence in 
 the Lutheran Church at that time. 
 By many tokens Hartwick Seminary was from the beginning a Luth- 
 eran institution. By many implications it has always been an institution of 
 one or more Lutheran synods. Its general influence 
 
 General throughout its history has not always been the same. In 
 Influence the stormy days of controversy in the General Synod the 
 of Hartwick principal of Hartwick and many of her graduates took 
 
 the side of “American Lutheranism’ and advocated the 
 “new measures” of revivalism. The synod that was formed on this basis 
 on the territory of the Western Conference of the New York Synod as 
 early as 1830, took its name from Hartwick. And the men who withdrew 
 from the Hartwick Synod in 1837 to constitute the still more liberal 
 Franckean Synod were Hartwick men. But this tendency towards “Amer- 
 ican Lutheranism” was not limited to any one synod or section of the 
 Lutheran Church at that time nor to any one institution. The defection 
 at Hartwick was short-lived and the fact remains that the general spirit 
 of the Seminary was irenic and its general influence on the side of con- 
 servative Lutheranism. 
 
 It is correct, therefore, to say that Hartwick Seminary is the oldest 
 Lutheran theological seminary in the United States. In a certain sense it 
 
 72 
 
HARTWICK SEMINARY 
 
 is the oldest Protestant seminary in this country, although Dr. Kunze’s 
 work for Hartwick Seminary was closely paralleled by the work which 
 Dr. Livingston began for the New Brunswick Seminary 
 
 in 1785. But until 1808 theological studies were carried The Oldest 
 on by most of the denominations in the regular curricula Lutheran 
 of their colleges. In that year Andover Sem- Seminary 
 
 inary opened its doors to students. Then came the 
 
 Dutch seminary at New Brunswick in 1810, and the Presbyterian at Prince- 
 ton in 18i2. As an institution with buildings, therefore, Hartwick wads the 
 first seminary in New York State and the fourth in the United States. But 
 in any sense it was the oldest Lutheran seminary in America. Unfortu- 
 nately, it was not in a position to secure the full advantages that should 
 have come from its priority in time. 
 
 For undoubtedly Hartwick Seminary, in spite of its feeble beginnings 
 and in spite of the purely missionary purpose of its founder, if it had 
 been more centrally located for the Lutheran Church as 
 a whole and therefore more accessible to the Lutheran Inadequate to 
 constituency it tried to serve, would very early have been Meet the Need 
 brought under the direct control of the Lutheran 
 synods and would have enlisted their whole-hearted support, and then it 
 would have flourished so abundantly as to have made unnecessary the estab- 
 lishment of any other Lutheran seminary for generations among the Luth- 
 erans of Muhlenberg descent. But under the circumstances as they actu- 
 ally were, the Lutheran Church could not feel that Hartwick Seminary, 
 either at its inception in 1797 or at its incorporation in 1816, or at the 
 formation of the General Synod in 1820, or at any point along the line 
 of its entire history, could adequately meet the demand for the training 
 of ministers for the Lutheran pulpits in America. A brief review of the 
 general situation in the Church in the early nineteenth century will make 
 this clear. 
 
 73 
 
CHAP RERSV I. 
 
 THE CHURCH IN 1826 
 
 During the first quarter of the nineteenth century a new spirit laid 
 ho'd on the Lutheran Church in America. It was the spirit of self-reli- 
 ance, self-evaluation and general aggressiveness. Out of this spirit the 
 Gettysburg Seminary was born. 
 
 This spirit of self-reliance and enterprise the Lutheran Church shared 
 not only with the other Christian churches in America, but also with the 
 
 nation. The spirit of nationality received great impetus 
 Cutting during this period and the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 was 
 European Ties virtually a declaration of national competence—a declara- 
 
 tion that the Republic had already outgrown the 
 timidity of childhood. At the same time the Churches were emerging from 
 that deadening indifferentism and demoralizing skepticism that had followed 
 in the wake of the Revolutionary War. They had tried out the voluntary 
 system imposed on them by the separation of Church and State, and they 
 were delighted with the results. Hitherto the history of American Chris- 
 tianity had been largely a chapter from the history of European Churches. 
 But now the American Churches, each in its own way, were imbibing the 
 American spirit and laying the foundations for a separate existence and a 
 permanent career on American soil. In general, America was severing its 
 European ties. 
 
 If we try to analyze this new spirit that made itself felt in the Luth- 
 
 eran Church in America before 1826, we find that it 
 
 Three Factors consists of a number of elements. For our purpose here 
 in the Luth- it will suffice to detail only three of those elements— 
 eran Church geographical expansion, progress in organization, and 
 
 ‘aggressive action in common. These three factors are 
 partly the causes, partly the effects of the spirit of the times as it was mani- 
 fested in the Lutheran Church in 1826. They account for the Gettysburg 
 Seminary. 
 
 The most important political event in American history after the adop- 
 tion of the Constitution was the purchase of the Louis- 
 
 The Louisiana iana Territory in 1803. It nearly doubled the domain of 
 Purchase the United States. It opened immense possibilities 
 not only for the American nation but also for the 
 
 Kingdom of God, and it greatly increased the self-consciousness of the 
 young Republic. The quarter of a century following that event was there- 
 
 74 
 
THE CHURCH IN. 1826 
 
 fore a period of territorial expansion and numerical growth. The vast 
 stretches of the Mississippi Valley were thrown open to enterprising 
 settlers. Immeasurable riches of forests and minerals and amazingly pro- 
 ductive soils quickly drew tens of thousands of families to the great val- 
 ley. This created a vacuum on the Atlantic seaboard and helped to stimu- 
 late immigration from Europe. While the territory of the Republic 
 expanded two-fold the population multiplied more than three-fold, from 
 four millions in 1790 to thirteen millions in 1830. 
 
 The numerical increase of the Lutheran Church during this period more 
 than kept pace with the increase of the general population. In the twenty- 
 five years preceding 1800 the Church added about ten 
 thousand members, but in the twenty-five years follow- Numerical 
 lowing 1800 she added more than twenty thousand. The Increase 
 result was that by the year 1826 there were at least 
 forty-five thousand members in the Lutheran fold. Large numbers of 
 Lutherans were scattered about without membership in any church and 
 w:thout any kind of spiritual oversight. They had severed the ties that 
 bound them to their spiritual guides in Europe and had failed to form 
 similar ties in Mmerica. That these Lutherans were not gathered into 
 the Church was due to the lack of men to organize the congregations and 
 become. their pastors. The numerical increase of Lutherans in America 
 was making it evident to many of their leaders that if the Lutheran Church 
 in tnis country was to maintain her place in the spiritual life of the land 
 and discharge her responsibilities to her own people, adequate provision 
 must soon be made for the calling and training of more ministers. 
 
 This demand for more Lutheran ministers and a school in which to pre- 
 pare them was made still more concrete by the westward 
 expansion of the population. The extension of national Westward 
 territory and the founding of new States, the end of Expansion 
 Indian hostilities and the liberal land policy of the 
 Government, the development in steam navigation and the building of roads 
 and canals, gave a strong impulse to migration from the older settlements 
 in the East to the inviting valleys of the Ohio and the Mississippi. 
 
 Pennsylvania was particularly active in internal improvements. Millions 
 were spent in that State to create a system of turnpikes 
 joining the eastern parts of the Commonwealth with the Lutherans from 
 western parts and Ohio. Hundreds of thousands of Pennsylvania 
 Pennsylvanians, including great numbers of Luth- 
 erans, crossed the Alleghenies and settled in western Pennsylvania and 
 in central Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. The settlement took place in suc- 
 cessive waves, each new wave penetrating farther into the wilderness. Dur- 
 ing the first decade of the nineteenth century Ohio grew from forty-five 
 thousand to four hundred and six thousand, and by the year 1826 had 
 
 75 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 nearly a million people. In the second decade Indiana grew from twenty- 
 four thousand to one hundred and forty-seven thousand, and in the third 
 decade Illinois witnessed a similar growth. 
 The migration followed in a general way the paral- 
 Lines of lels of latitude. White the Lutherans of Pennsylvania 
 Migration were pouring into central Ohio, Indiana and_ Illinois, 
 those of Maryland were following a similar line of 
 march a little farther south, those of New York were following the line 
 of the Erie Canal, those of Virginia were moving into southern Ohio and 
 Kentucky, and those of the Carolinas were pouring into Tennessee or 
 finding their way north of the Ohio River. 
 As the hardy Lutheran pioneer pressed forward with 
 Calls for his family to encamp on the frontier and win a home 
 Spiritual Help for his children and at the same time to engage in the 
 great American epic of subduing the wilderness and win- 
 ning a continent for his nation, he carried with him his long rifle and his 
 keen axe and usually also his Bible and his faith. Early in the nineteenth 
 century, therefore, calls began to come back from the Lutherans on the 
 frontier asking for spiritual help and inviting Lutheran pastors to come 
 and minister to them in sermon and sacrament. 
 These calls met a response. For a long time it had been the custom of 
 the ministers who lived nearest to the frontiers to undertake missionary 
 tours on their own initiative, traveling into remote dis- 
 The Response tricts, gathering together the scattered members of the 
 Lutheran household, preaching the Word and administer- 
 ing the sacraments. Then, too, a great volume of pioneer work in the 
 Lutheran Church west of the Alleghenies was done by men who entered 
 the field as “independent preachers,’ without any synodical connection, 
 to answer the call of the destitute Lutheran frontiersmen. Such were 
 Anton Lutge, John Stauch, J. M. Steck, P. Muckenhaupt, J. C. Rebenach, 
 J. Mechling, J. G. Lampbrecht. All of these men afterwards became 
 members of the Pennsylvania Ministerium or the Ohio Synod. Hundreds 
 of flourishing congregations today trace their beginnings to this sort of 
 volunteer missionary effort. This work of home missions, as we call it 
 today, was officially undertaken by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in 
 1804. The plan of the Synod, as it went into effect in 1805, provided for 
 the sending out of two or three men each year during the summer months. 
 These traveling missionaries were members of the Synod, were commis- 
 sioned and paid by the Synod, and rendered their reports to the Synod. 
 One of the eminent names among these earliest home missionaries is 
 that of Paul Henkel. Year after year, beginning in 1810, he left his home 
 at New Market, Virginia, and explored and supplied the thinly settled parts 
 of Ohio, Kentucky, Western Virginia and Pennsylvania. His diary tells 
 
 76 
 
HEP GHURGITEN 1826 
 
 of his contact with the camp meetings and the nervous revival epidemics 
 that burned over the Cumberland country at that time. Another of these 
 devoted missionaries was John Stauch. After extensive 
 
 labors in the Valley of Virginia he was commissioned by Henkel, Stauch, 
 the Pennsylvania Ministerium in 1793 and began a re- Steck, Heyer 
 markable career of missionary work in the western 
 
 part of Pennsylvania and especially in Ohio. Still another energetic home 
 missionary of this period was John Michael Steck. His son, Michael 
 John, located at Lancaster, Ohio, in 1816, and by appointment of the 
 Ministerium made extensive missionary tours. About the same time the 
 name of C. F. Heyer appears on the list of these traveling missionaries, 
 and he carried the work into Indiana and Kentucky. 
 
 These and many other indefatigable and self-denying servants of the 
 Church helped to roll the wave of missionary operations westward abreast 
 with the general expansion of population. They found 
 many evidences of wickedness and spiritual destitution Missionary 
 on the frontier, but everywhere they found pious and sin- Work 
 cere Lutherans maintaining their daily devotions in 
 their cabins, hungering after righteousness and fervently praying for 
 spiritual shepherds. These they gathered into congregations and minis- 
 tered to. But the work of the missionaries was sadly weakened by the 
 lack of pastors with whom to man the congregations they organized. 
 
 The needs of the home mission field were greatly increased during the 
 decade immediately preceding 1826. After the close of 
 the war with England, immigration from Europe, par- The Need 
 ticularly from Germany, set in strongly again. The busi- Increases 
 ness depression in the East sent many of these immi- 
 grants forward to the inviting farm lands on the western frontier. In this 
 way the missionary task of the Lutheran Church was vastly augmented. 
 More and more the leaders in the Church were coming to realize that the sys- 
 tem of traveling missionaries was utterly inadequate. It reached only a small 
 fraction of the needy and its ministrations were very irregular. The call 
 for more ministers grew louder and louder. In the perspective of a hun- 
 dred years it is clear to us today that adequate provision for a native 
 ministry could not be made at that time until synodical organization of the 
 Church had made further progress. This, then, is the second element in 
 the spirit of the times that concerns us here, the progressive development 
 of synods before 18206. 
 
 The first synod to be organized after the Ministerium of Pennsylvania 
 was the New York Ministerium. This organization took place before Muh- 
 lenberg’s death. Already in 1773 his son Frederick, who was then a pas- 
 tor in New York, called a conference of all the Lutheran preachers in 
 that colony, but the organization thus projected did not begin until 1786, 
 
 77 
 
HISTORY OR GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 when J. C. Kunze, Muhlenberg’s son-in-law, succeeded in forming the 
 Ministerium. The first meeting was held at Albany and consisted of three 
 pastors and two laymen. The second meeting was not 
 New York held until 1792. The organization grew very slowly. 
 Ministerium The main stream of German immigration had long be- 
 fore been diverted to Pennsylvania and did not returr 
 to New York. Moreover, the up-State pastors were spiritual heirs of 
 Berkenmeyer and cherished an aversion to everything that came from 
 Halle. But the new spirit that prevailed after the founding of the Re- 
 public permitted rapid growth of the Synod, and before Kunze’s death in 
 1807 it numbered fourteen pastors on its roll. The efforts of this Synod 
 to extend its work northward into Canada proved fruitless, as the pastors 
 sent thither one after another left the Lutheran Church for the Episcopal 
 Church. By the year 1826, however, a successful system of traveling mis- 
 sionaries had been introduced and a long row of counties in the central and 
 northwestern parts of the State had been occupied, with more stations 
 than the entire output. of Hartwick Seminary could man. 
 Shortly after the turn of the century another Lutheran synod came into 
 being, this time in the South. For more than half a century there had been 
 a number of Lutheran settlements in North Carolina. 
 North Carolina Many of these Lutherans had come from Pennsylvania, 
 Synod but some had come directly from Germany. Pastors 
 had been furnished them at first by the Consistory of 
 Hanover, in Germany. But the Revolutionary War cut off this source of 
 ministerial supply and soon the Lutherans of North Carolina felt the 
 necessity of some kind of organization among themselves that would not be 
 under any foreign supervision, but would have power to examine and 
 ordain men to the ministerial office. When therefore in 1800 and 1801 
 a tide of fanatical revivalism threatened to sweep over their congrega- 
 tions, the pastors decided to form an organization to protect themselves 
 and their people against false views and practices. The result was the 
 North Carolina Synod, organized at Salisbury in 1803 by the four pastors, 
 Arends, Storch, Miller and Paul Henkel, together with fourteen lay dele- 
 gates. The Synod soon took in the ministers and churches of South 
 Carolina, Tennessee and southern Virginia. It grew rapidly and before 
 1820 numbered twenty-six ministers and catechists, about sixty congre- 
 gations and more than six thousand members. Beginning in 1810 this 
 Synod, like the others, appointed each year a home missionary to organize 
 into congregations the scattered Lutherans in North Carolina, southern 
 Virginia, Tennessee, and South Carolina. It thus became the mother of 
 all the southern synods. 
 The New York Ministerium and the North Carolina Synod had been 
 formed without making a breach in the ranks of the Ministerium of Penn- 
 
 78 
 
THE CHURCH INis1826 
 
 sylvania. They were constituted of congregations that lay outside the 
 bounds of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania and with 
 
 two exceptions their pastors had not been connected Dividing the 
 with the old synod. But the fourth synod to be Pennsylvania 
 organized was formed on the territory of the Minis- Ministerium 
 
 terium itself. 
 
 As the missionaries were sent out year after year to follow the west- 
 ward advance of the American frontier, to preach the Word and administer 
 the sacraments to the Lutherans in “the West” and “the 
 South”; as they took up their permanent abodes farther The Ohio 
 and farther from Philadelphia and eastern Penn- Synod 
 sylvania, it became increasingly difficult for these mis- 
 sionaries and pastors to make the long journeys that would have been 
 necessary to attend the meetings of the original Synod. Still they longed 
 to take counsel with their brethren and to have a part in the deliberations 
 for the general good. The Ministerium therefore had early established 
 “Special or District Meetings” at which the pastors and laymen of a 
 particular region could meet as often as they desired for mutual edification 
 and for counsel on certain subjects. In 1801 the Ministerium had pro- 
 vided for seven such special conference districts. The “Western Dis- 
 trict” embraced all the territory west of Chambersburg. In 1812 the 
 Lutheran pastors in Ohio organized their own conference. In 1817 they 
 asked permission to establish their own ministerium. It was felt that this 
 was necessary in order to secure candidates for the ministry and in order 
 to stimulate interest among the congregations and bring about a more rapid 
 development of their resources. The request was not granted but permis- 
 sion was given to license candidates for one year. But the next year the 
 Ohio Conference quietly organized itself into the “Synod of Ohio and 
 Adjacent States,’ and proceeded to ordain three men to the ministry. The 
 first president of the new synod was the faithful Missionary Stauch, and 
 the first secretary was Paul Henkel, who had traversed all of Ohio in a 
 two-wheeled cart. The new body numbered at first fourteen ministers 
 and eight lay delegates. The organization is known today as the “Joint 
 Synod of Ohio and Other States.” 
 
 The Synod of Maryland and Virginia, organized in 1820, also grew out 
 of one of the “Special Conferences” of the Pennsylvania Ministerium. This 
 Conference had met at various places in Virginia since | 
 
 1793. But that kind of organization proved inadequate Synod of 
 to meet the needs of the growing Lutheran population Maryland and 
 of Maryland and the Virginia Valley. When, therefore, Virginia 
 
 the pastors of Maryland and Virginia asked permission 
 to, organize a new synod on their territory, the Ministerium of Pennsyl- 
 vania granted the request in view of the immediate prospect of a more 
 
 79 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG: SEMINARY 
 
 inclusive fraternity to be known as the General Synod. The organization 
 took place at Winchester, Virginia, in October, 1820. 
 
 Three months before that the Tennessee Synod had 
 
 Tennessee been formed by four of the pastors of the North Caro- 
 
 Synod lina Synod. The founders of this organization, two of 
 
 whom were sons of Paul Henkel, could not agree with 
 
 their synodical brethren on the question of licensure, and because of the 
 
 laxity in doctrine and practice in the older synods they strongly objected 
 
 to the forming of a General Synod. So they withdrew and organized 
 
 their own synod. 
 
 In 1824 another division took place in the ranks of the North Carolina 
 
 Synod. This time in peace and brotherly love the pastors and churches in 
 
 South Carolina withdrew and formed the South Carolina 
 
 South Carolina, Synod. The next year a number of pastors serving 
 
 West Pennsyl- churches in Pennsylvania west of the Susquehanna 
 vania, and Vir- ‘River, without the consent of the Ministerium of Penn- 
 ginia Synods sylvania, organized themselves into the West Pennsyl- 
 
 vania Synod in time to attend the meeting of the General 
 Synod that year. Still another synod, though it originated a few years 
 later than 1826, nevertheless owes its origin to this same general movement 
 which we have been detailing. It is the Virginia Synod. In 1829 eight 
 of the pastors belonging to the Maryland Synod, but serving churches in 
 Virginia, responded to the special needs of their churches and proceeded 
 in a most friendly spirit to organize their own synod. 
 This progressive formation of new synods was really a further develop- 
 ment of Muhlenberg’s organization. But at the same time it was an ex- 
 pression of the new spirit of the times, the spirit of 
 Significance of American aggressiveness and independence from Europe. 
 New Synods It resulted in much greater efficiency in the Church as a 
 whole, because it occupied one after another the new 
 territories reached by geographical expansion and established one after 
 another new centers of light and power. It indicated that the Lutheran 
 Church in America was approaching her maturity and was preparing to 
 carry to completion some of the heroic undertakings that Muhlenberg 
 had pre-visioned. 
 The growth of synods also ministered to the increasing intellectual 
 activity of the times. In the older parts of the nation there was beginning 
 to be considerable intellectual stir. There was a striking 
 Growing Intel- growth in city life, from only six towns of over six 
 ligence Among thousand in 1790 to thirty-two cities of over eight thou- 
 Laymen sand in 1830. A national literature had begun in Niles’ 
 Register and the North American Review and in the 
 writings of such men as Irving, Cooper and Bryant. Educational institutions, 
 
 80 
 
THE* CHURCH EN'1826%) 
 
 general and special, were beginning to spring up. So the organization of 
 new synods and their annual meetings among the congregations not only 
 enabled the brethren to take counsel with one another and to have a part 
 in the deliberations for the general good, but it deepened the interest of the 
 laymen in the general work of the Church and helped to stimulate in- 
 terest and diffuse the light among the congregations of the several regions. 
 Moreover, it tended to overcome the intellectual indolence of many of the 
 rural clergy and helped to rescue them from their secularized condition. 
 But, above all, it brought many a young man into touch with the general 
 Church and furnished him the light and the inspiration to give himself to 
 the Gospel ministry. 
 
 The formation of district synods was, therefore, a symptom of increas- 
 ing zeal for the progress of God’s Kingdom. But something more than 
 such synods were needed if the Lutheran Church of the 
 
 early nineteenth century was to do its duty with refer- A General 
 ence to its future ministry. These synods needed to be Organization 
 united for common aggressive action. The work of Needed 
 
 providing the ministerial candidates with an _ educa- 
 
 tion of proper range and depth was clearly the work of a special institu- 
 tion, and in that period such an institution called for the support of a 
 general organization of the Church. Individual synods had tried it, but 
 without success. 
 
 For example, the Ministerium of Pennsylvania had hoped for much from 
 Franklin College, at Lancaster. This institution had been founded at the 
 instigation of Benjamin Franklin. The purpose was 
 to save the Germans in Pennsylvania from impending Franklin 
 illiteracy. It was incorporated as early as 1787. Among College 
 the subjects of instruction that were to be provided 
 at the school was “theology.” It was provided that one-third of the 
 trustees, that is, fifteen, should be Lutheran, one-third Reformed, and the 
 rest should come from other denominations in Pennsylvania. Among the 
 latter the Catholic priest at Lancaster was included. The first general 
 appeal for support was written by Dr. Helmuth. The institution was 
 formally opened in the presence of the Pennsylvania Ministerium, meeting 
 in Lancaster. Dr. Henry E. Muhlenberg, the Lutheran pastor in Lan- 
 caster, was elected its first. Principal. Another member of the faculty was 
 Rev. F. V. Me!sheimer, then of New Holland, in Lancaster County, alsa 
 a member of the Lutheran Ministerium. 
 
 The number of students in the elementary subjects was quite large at 
 first. As many as one hundred and twelve students took work in the Eng- 
 lish department in the first year. But soon the institution began to lan- 
 guish. It had been endowed by a gift of ten thousand acres from the 
 state in Venango, Bradford and Lycoming Counties. Benjamin Franklin 
 
 81 
 
HISTORY OF GR TIY Sb UR Ger MilINA Kix 
 
 gave two hundred pounds in Pennsylvania currency, and William Hamilton 
 gave four lots of ground in Lancaster. But all the efforts of the trustees 
 failed to secure general support for the institution. Its 
 Yields No finances were poorly managed. It became involved in 
 Ministers the unfortunate partisan strife concerning the intro- 
 duction of English preaching. Teachers could not be 
 employed, and soon the school ceased to be anything more than a local 
 classical school such as existed at many other points. It did not teach the 
 theological branches and it yielded no ministers for Lutheran pulpits. 
 Nor did the splendid work of Pastors Helmuth and 
 The Need of Schmidt in their private tutoring of theology in Phila- 
 Ministers de'phia satisfy the needs of the Pennsylvania Minis- 
 terium. The revised constitution of the Ministerium in 
 1792 clearly indicates the longing for some more adequate system of re- 
 cruiting the ministry. For not only does it retain the make-shift system 
 of licentiates and catechists, but it expressly confers on all ordained minis- 
 ters the right to instruct candidates for the ministerial office. From time 
 to time the Ministerium appointed pastors who were to be regarded as 
 its official theological instructors. 
 In 1804 seven such synodical preceptors of theology were named. This 
 was part of a general plan adopted at that meeting whereby each pastor 
 was requested to seek out in his congregation “young 
 Synodical men of capacity and piety” and urge them to study for 
 Preceptors the ministry. Their preparatory work was to cover 
 grammar, history, geography, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, 
 composition, rhetoric and the e‘ements of astronomy. After completing 
 this preparatory course they were to be examined by one of the district 
 conferences of the Synod, and if the examination was satisfactory they 
 were to receive a diploma. Then they were to place themselves under the 
 instruction of some ordained minister, preferably one of the seven re- 
 ferred to above, and so were to receive their special training for the pas- 
 toral office. At the same time the Synod agreed to receive free-will ofer- 
 ings from congregations for the support of indigent students. This plan 
 apparently yielded nothing new, and the Ministerium was not. satisfied 
 concerning its future ministers. 
 Eight years before the Gettysburg Seminary was 
 
 A Union established the Ministerium of Pennsylvania once more 
 Seminary gave consideration to Franklin College as a_ possible 
 Planned training school for its ministerial candidates. A com- 
 
 mittee from the German Reformed Synod of Pennsyl- 
 vania brought the matter to the attention of the Lutheran Ministerium, 
 and together with a committee from the Ministerium worked out an 
 elaborate plan for a theological seminary at Lancaster under the joint aus- 
 
 82 
 
THE -GHURCH, IN 1820 
 
 pices of Lutherans and Reformed. This was a time when many good 
 men among the German-speaking element of both of these churches in 
 Pennsylvania felt that they must co-operate across denominational lines 
 in defense of the German language and against the insidious influences of 
 rationalism. The new institution, which was approved by the trustees 
 of Franklin College, was to be called “The Theological Seminary for the 
 Education of Pious Young Men to the Evangelical Ministry.” There 
 were to be nine trustees and one professor from each denomination. Both 
 synods were to make equal annual contributions towards the expenses of 
 the Seminary. The faculty was to publish a magazine which both synods 
 were to sustain and which was to have the double function of resisting 
 the English language and combating rationalism. 
 
 This plan was adopted by the Pennsylvania Ministerium and a commit- 
 tee was appointed to carry it into effect. In 1820 the committee reported 
 that the publication of the plan and the initiative in its 
 
 execution had been left in the hands of Dr. Endress and No Union 
 Pastor Hoffmeier, the Lutheran and Reformed clergy- Seminary 
 men residing in Lancaster, but that these men had neg- Effected 
 
 lected to do anything. The reasons that Dr. Endress 
 
 gave for his failure to act in the matter were regarded as unsatisfactory 
 by the Ministerium. Perhaps his own friendly attitude towards the intro- 
 duction of English into the Lutheran pulpit and his mild sympathy with 
 rationalistic ideas had much to do with it. That the Ministerium itself did 
 not carry the plan into execution was doubtless due to the fact that another 
 movement was now engaging the attention of the Ministerium, a move- 
 ment that concerned Lutherans alone. Concerning the school at Lancaster, 
 it may be noted here that, in spite of several vigorous efforts to carry 
 out its original purpose, it continued to drag out a languishing existence 
 until 1850, when the Pennsylvania Ministerium withdrew its one-third 
 interest and established the Franklin Professorship of Greek, at Gettys- 
 burg, while the other two-thirds were retained at Lancaster and combined 
 with Marshall College, of Mercersburg, to form Franklin and Marshall 
 College for the Reformed Church. 
 
 So the Ministerium of Pennsylvania, the Mother Synod of Lutheranism 
 in America, in 1826 was still dependent on private instruction for the edu- 
 cation of its ministerial students but keenly alive to the need for some 
 more adequate method. 
 
 Individual synods in the Lutheran Church in the South had also tried to 
 establish a theological seminary. In 1811 the North Car- 
 
 Olina Synod, only eight years old, began to discuss Discussion in 
 the project. But apparently the Synod realized that North Carolina 
 such an institution was too large an undertaking for 
 
 a single synod. No concrete effort was made and in 1814 even the discus- 
 
 83 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 sion ceased and a report was adopted stating that after mature delibera- 
 ticn it had been found “that we are not in a position to form such an in- 
 stitution, and will not be, until our congregations be aroused to do every- 
 thing possible to support our young candidates.” 
 In that same synod, however, a more tangible effort to begin a seminary 
 was made in 1817. The previous year Joseph FE. Bell had been -received 
 into the North Carolina Synod. He was a young man, 
 Bell and but well educated and specially well versed in the 
 oa classics. He and Philip Henkel, son of Paul Henkel, 
 Tennessee on their own responsibility commenced a combination 
 classical school and theological seminary in Greene County, in eastern 
 Tennessee. Pastor Bell was the chief teacher. They taught theology, 
 Hebrew, Greek, Latin, German and English. They reported their work 
 to the North Carolina Synod and that body adopted the little school as 
 its seminary and heartily commended it to the support of its pastors and 
 congregations. At the same time Dr. Bachman, of Charleston, South 
 Carolina, sent a letter to the North Carolina Synod expressing his great 
 desire to see a seminary firmly established and announcing that his con- 
 gregation would contribute towards the support of the enterprise. But the 
 congregations of the Synod as a whole did not respond very heartily with 
 their contributions. Moreover, in 1819, the two teachers of the school 
 severed their connections with the North Carolina Synod and, with two 
 other pastors, formed the Tennessee Synod. Thereupon the North Caro- 
 lina Synod withdrew its support entirely and the school expired. 
 In the South as in the North, candidates for the ministry in 1826 
 were obliged to study privately under pastors. 
 So the efforts of individual district synods to estab- 
 
 Action in lish theological seminaries proved futile. Clearly the 
 Common logic of events pointed to common action by a union 
 Required of synods. Such action in common by the Lutheran 
 
 synods was demanded at that time not only by the acute 
 
 need for more men and better trained men in the ministry, but also by 
 
 the spirit of the times in American Christianity of the early nineteenth 
 
 century. And this is the third element to which we call special attention 
 
 as a characteristic of the Lutheran Church in 1826, the tendency towards 
 aggressive action in common. 
 
 As the American nation expanded, the newly-formed 
 
 Need of a states and territories were bound to the older states and 
 
 General Synod to each other by the Federal Government. This was 
 
 at once the cause and the effect of the spirit of common 
 
 nationality so strongly manifest in the youth of the Republic. Likewise 
 
 in the Lutheran Church at this time, geographical expansion and the pro- 
 
 gressive organization of new synods logically called for some general 
 
 84 
 
THE CHURCH IN {1826 
 
 organization that would answer to the sense of unity and common brother- 
 hood that still existed among Lutherans. Such an organization was needed 
 in order to overcome the divisive effects of the synodical movement, to 
 conserve the denominational consciousness, and to prevent absorption in 
 more compact church bodies. What was more natural than for the Luth- 
 erans of America as they loosened the ties of relationship with Europe to 
 seek closer relations among themselves? 
 
 The initiative came from the Mother Synod of Pennsylvania. It was 
 in 1818, just after the tercentenary of the Reformation, that the first move 
 was made. The New York Ministerium and the North 
 Carolina Synod were at that time the only synods outside A Plan of 
 of the Pennsylvania Ministerium. But there were pros- Union 
 pects of territorial divisions within the Pennsylvania 
 Ministerium. The Ohio Conference was taking steps towards organizing 
 a new synod, and similar action seemed probable on the part of the Con- 
 ference of Maryland and Virginia, the Conference of West Pennsylvania, 
 and even the Lancaster Conference. Accordingly, the Muinisterium acted 
 upon a suggestion that had been made seven years before by the Lutherans 
 of North Carolina, who felt the weakness of Lutheran organization as 
 compared with the compact organization of the Episcopal Church. It re- 
 solved that “in its judgment it would be well if the different Evangelical 
 Lutheran Synods in the United States were to stand, in some way or 
 other, in true union with one another.’ At the next meeting “A Proposed 
 Plan” of union was adopted and ordered to be submitted to the other 
 synods. It is significant that the indifference of the Ministerium with 
 reference to the proposed joint seminary in Lancaster coincides with the 
 adoption of this proposed plan of union with other Lutheran synods. 
 
 The convention for the organization of a General Synod was held in 
 Hagerstown, Maryland, October 22, 1820. Representa- 
 
 tives were present from four synods, Pennsylvania, New A General 
 York, North Carolina and Maryland and Virginia. Only Synod 
 Ohio and Tennessee were not represented. The pastors Organized 
 
 of the Ohio Synod objected to the general organiza- 
 
 tion because they feared a hierarchical trend and the possible prevalence 
 of the English language in the new body. They had doubtless observed 
 that the strengthening of the Federal Government of the nation was tak- 
 ing place at the expense of the powers of the states. The little Tennessee 
 Synod also objected to the rule of majorities in general church affairs and 
 to the fact that no mention was made of the Bible or the Augsburg Con- 
 fession. But the four synods represented organized and drew up a con- 
 stitution. A year later, October, 1821, three of the four synods having 
 
 adopted the constitution, all except New York, the General Synod of the 
 85 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Lutheran Church in the United States held its first regular convention at 
 Frederick, Maryland. 
 The spirit and purpose of the general body are evident from the con- 
 stitution and the proceedings of the first convention. It is specified that 
 the General Synod may propose to the district synods 
 Its Spirit and “books and writings such as catechisms, forms of liturgy, 
 Purpose collections of hymns, or confessions of faith,’ but it 
 specifically disclaims the “power of prescribing uniform 
 ceremonies of religion.” It provides for the organization of new district 
 synods with the consent of the general body. The General Synod is also 
 authorized to devise plans for seminaries of education and missionary in- 
 stitutions as well as to provide aid for ministers and their families, and 
 to take measures to “promote the practice of brotherly love and the further- 
 ance of Christian concord.” It aimed, therefore, to effect such a feder- 
 ation of Lutheran bodies as would prevent discord and schisms among 
 them and would provide the means and agencies necessary to foster the 
 spirit of Lutheran unity, to occupy the field more efficiently, and to fortify 
 the Church’s ranks against dissipation. 
 The first business convention of the General Synod in 1821 proceeded to 
 carry out the purposes for which it was organized. Among the various 
 actions was one concerning a theological seminary. This 
 Its First action we shall examine more closely a little later. The 
 Convention subject of home missions was also considered and it 
 was earnestly recommended to the several district 
 synods that they send missionaries to answer “the earnest calls of the 
 children of the Church and others, resident on our frontier countries.” 
 From these and other actions looking towards the intensive occupation of 
 the field and the supply of an educated ministry for the Church, it was 
 evident that the General Synod, even in its small beginnings, was organ- 
 ized for action and intended to face aggressively the tasks confronting 
 the whole Church. 
 The organization of the General Synod assured the independence of the 
 Lutheran Church in this country. It was fundamentally opposed to the 
 schemes of union with the Reformed in Pennsylvania, 
 Its Influence and with the Episcopalians in North Carolina and else- 
 where. It operated as an emphatic protest against the 
 rationalistic tendencies in New York and other parts of the Church, and 
 presented an effectual barrier to the further importation into the Church 
 of European deistic theology. It saved the Church from becoming rat’on- 
 alized as she became Anglicized and Americanized. It maintained the 
 historical connection with the fathers and stood for the confession of a 
 positive faith. It furnished a medium through which the inevitable or- 
 ganization of new synods might minister to greater efficiency rather than 
 
 86 
 
THE CHURCH IN 1826 
 
 greater weakness in the Church as a whole. It provided the means and 
 agencies for prosecuting independently the educational, missionary, and 
 charitable operations of the Lutheran Church. Above all, it gave to the 
 Church in this country, even to those who did not at once become members 
 of the General Synod, a nation-wide outlook and interest and a sense of 
 permanent citizenship in this Republic. As Dr. Krauth expressed it, “The 
 General Synod was a declaration on the part of the Lutheran Church in 
 America that she had no intention of dying or moving, that she liked 
 this western world and meant to live here.” 
 
 But the new organization encountered many difficulties in its early life, 
 and for many years its “general” character was more a promise and a policy 
 than a fact. After the organization meeting in 1820 the 
 New York Synod allowed its membership to lapse for Indifference 
 sixteen years. This was due to the indifference of Encountered 
 most of the members of that body who regarded 
 the project of a general Lutheran organization as impractical and hope- 
 less. This indifference may be accounted for in part by the fact that the 
 president and other leaders in the New York Synod were members of the 
 Board of Trustees of Hartwick Seminary and cherished high hopes con- 
 cerning its development. 
 
 Even the Pennsylvania Ministerium withdrew temporarily from the 
 movement. This was owing to strenuous hostility to the General Synod on 
 the part of the congregations in the rural districts. Their 
 
 prejudices had been played on by unscrupulous people The Pennsyl- 
 outside of the Church until they were convinced that the vania Minister- 
 new organization would be nothing less than “an ium Withdraws 
 
 aristocratic spiritual congress,’ a union of Chuzch 
 and State, that would rob them of their dearly bought liberties and impose 
 on them the horrors of an ecclesiastical despotism. Theological seminaries 
 were represented as useless and costly evils that would simply impose more 
 taxes on the farmers. Moreover, it was felt that the General Synod 
 would interfere with the cherished plans for union with the Reformed. 
 One of the symptoms of the general condition of mind pervading the 
 densest districts of the Pennsylvania Germans at that time is found in a 
 little German book of 1822, written by Carl Gock, a Re- 
 formed school-teacher, and entitled, “The Defense of Carl Gock’s 
 the Free Church of North America.” It is directed to Tirade 
 the farmers and the uneducated in general. It declaims 
 bitterly against a General Synod, either Lutheran or Reformed, and to that 
 end it launches a senseless tirade against theological seminaries. The book 
 had much influence, and efforts were made to parry its thrusts. The ad- 
 vocates of the General Synod were the pastors of Lancaster, Reading, 
 York, Gettysburg and Harrisburg, where the Anglicizing and Americaniz- 
 
 87 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 ing influence had been more intense. The whole discussion in the ranks of 
 the Pennsylvania Lutherans indicates how closely the organization of the 
 General Synod was identified in their minds with the project of a theolog- 
 ical seminary for the Lutheran Church. Finally, in order to prevent 
 further difficulties within the Ministerium, the city congregations and 
 the leaders yielded to the empty fears of the country districts and, while 
 declaring their unaltered conviction of the propriety and utility of the 
 General Synod, voted to withdraw from the organization until those con- 
 gregations should see their mistake. But thirty years passed before the 
 Ministerium returned to the General Synod. . 
 The withdrawal of the Mother Synod, which constituted more than half 
 of the Church, was a severe blow to the infant General Synod, and for a 
 time threatened its life. The men of New York felt 
 Saved by that the whole project had failed and refused to con- 
 S. S. Sechmucker — sider it seriously. The Ohio Synod, which had about 
 decided to join the movement, reconsidered and never 
 came in. It was a critical point in the history of the Church, and the 
 General Synod was only saved by the vigorous exertions of Rev. S. S. 
 Schmucker, then only twenty-four years old. His father was president of 
 the Pennsylvania Ministerium when the “Plan of Union” was adopted. 
 Young Schmucker was the best educated young man in the Lutheran 
 Church at that time. He was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania 
 and of Princeton Seminary, and he was profoundly impressed with the 
 need for an educated ministry in the Church. Particularly concerned, 
 therefore, to save the General Synod from dissolution, in 1823 he suc- 
 ceeded in inspiring the discouraged synods and prevailing on them to send 
 delegates. At the meeting in that year there were delegates from Mary- 
 land and Virginia, from North Carolina and from Ohio. There was also 
 a delegation from the Conference of West Pennsylvania, which did not 
 sympathize with the attitude of the rest of the Pennsylvania Méinisterium 
 and which joined the general body in 1825 as the West Pennsylvania Synod. 
 Thus the General Synod and the educational ideal for which it stood wee 
 kept alive. Its significance for the period in which it was organized, as 
 we have seen, went far beyond the numbers of the synods and ministers 
 embraced in the organization. But as time passed it drew to itself most 
 of the new synods, especially the English-speaking synods, as they were 
 successively formed on the Church’s expanding territory, and it became 
 increasingly capable of vigorous enterprise. 
 The Lutheran Church in America was ready there- 
 A Fullness of fore in 1826 to undertake the enterprise of a theological 
 the Times seminary. Her numerical increase and geographical ex- 
 pans:on had deeply impressed the need. The progres- 
 sive formation of the individual synods had stimulated the spirit of self- 
 
 88 
 
THE CHURCH IN 1826 
 
 reliance and at the same time their several individual efforts at educational 
 
 institutions had shown the futility of separate action in the matter. The 
 organization of the synods into a general body had provided the ha3is and 
 
 the agency for vigorous action in common. 
 
 89 
 
CHAPTER VII 
 THE GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 
 
 One of the purposes in organizing the General Synod was to make more 
 adequate provision for the supply of ministers. Accordingly, the first con- 
 stitution of the general body, adopted at the organization 
 
 A General meeting in 1820, specifies that the General Synod shall 
 Synod have power to “devise plans for general seminaries of 
 Committee education” and to “endeavor with the help of God to 
 
 carry them into effect.” Already at that organization 
 meeting a committee was appointed to draw up a plan for such an institution 
 of learning. The subject had been brought to the attention of the body by 
 a letter of Dr. Geissenhainer, who had been an instructor in the University 
 of Goettingen and a successful teacher of ministerial candidates in Penn- 
 sylvania and New York. As a committee to prepare a plan for a semi- 
 nary, the presiding officer appointed the entire delegation from the Synod 
 of Pennsylvania. It consisted of Dr. J. G..Schmucker of York, Dr. 
 George Lochman of Harrisburg, Dr. Christian Endress of Lancaster, Pas- 
 tor F. W. Geissenhainer of New York, and Pastor H. A. Muhlenberg of 
 Reading. 
 These men were known to be in favor of establishing a seminary. The 
 first three were the officers of the Pennsylvania Synod. But they must 
 have been discouraged by the agitation of the noisy 
 Action minority in the rural districts of Pennsylvania. Or else 
 Deferred they over-emphasized the difficulties in the way of the 
 project. At any rate, in 1821, at the first regular con- 
 vention of the General Synod at Frederick, Maryland, the committee on 
 a theological seminary recommended that the establishment of such an in- 
 stitution be deferred for several years. The recommendation was unani- 
 mously adopted. One reason given was “the present pressure of the times” 
 and another because it would require “much greater exertion” than seemed 
 justified. At the same time, however, it was resolved that “seasonable 
 preparations should be commenced in anticipation of so important an 
 undertaking.” Among these measures of preparation it is made the duty 
 of every minister in all the synods “to prepare the minds of the members 
 of his congregation upon this subject.” It is also ordered that theological 
 books be gathered in various centers so that ultimately they might be 
 brought together to constitute the library of the proposed institution. 
 
 90 
 
GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 
 
 It is clear, therefore, that the leaders of the Church had by no means 
 abandoned the project of a seminary in 1821. They merely meant to defer 
 for a few years the actual establishment of the institu- 
 tion in the hope that the unreasoning prejudice in cer- Only Postponed 
 tain quarters against the General Synod, and particularly 
 against a Lutheran theological seminary, would subside. They simply 
 regarded the project as not “feasible” at that time. If, therefore, the 
 Synod of Pennsylvania had continued its connection with the General 
 Synod, and if the work of this original committee had been carried through 
 to completion, then the seminary would very probably have been estab- 
 lished in Philadelphia, where Muhlenberg had planned it, or in New York 
 City, where Kunze had labored for it. Then, too, in all likelihood, the 
 first professor would have been Dr. Geissenhainer or Dr. Endress or Dr. 
 Lochman, and the history of the Lutheran Church of the Muhlenberg de- 
 velopment during the past century would have been quite different from 
 what it has been, whether for better or for worse. 
 
 But at the next meeting of the General Synod in 1823 the Pennsylvania 
 Synod, as we have seen, was not represented. The members of the General 
 Synod’s Committee on a theological seminary were not 
 present. Dr. J. G. Schmucker was there, but only as a Action from a 
 representative of the West Pennsylvania Conference and New Source 
 not as a delegate of the Pennsylvania Synod. No 
 mention whatever was made of a seminary. It was evident that if the 
 General Synod was to realize its purpose of founding a theological semin- 
 ary, the initiative must now come from some new source. Accordingly, the 
 third convention of the General Synod, held at Frederick in 1825, appointed 
 a new committee on the subject, and the report of this committee, adopted 
 at that same convention, resulted in the actual establishment of the insti- 
 tution. 
 
 To understand this action in 1825 it is necessary to consider some of the 
 preliminaries leading up to it. After the project of a theological school had 
 been indefinitely deferred by the General Synod in 1821, 
 it continued to be a subject of discussion, particularly Private 
 south of the Mason and Dixon line. In 1823 the min- Discussions 
 isters of the young Synod of Maryland and Virginia 
 began to hold monthly conferences, and at these meetings the expediency 
 of establishing a seminary was frequently discussed. Much correspondence 
 on the subject was carried on. Many plans were suggested but none was 
 adopted. The next year the subject was carried beyond the bounds of pri- 
 vate conference and brought into public notice. This important step was 
 taken by Dr. S. S. Schmucker, who was then pastor at New Market, Vir- 
 ginia. 
 
 91 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 In a sermon that he preached before the Synod of Maryland and Vir- 
 ginia at Middletown, Maryland, in 1824, Dr. Schmucker described the work 
 of the private theological seminary he had been conduct- 
 
 Schmucker’s ing for ten months in the parsonage at New Market. 
 New Market His ability as a teacher had attracted a number of stu- 
 School dents to him there. These were John G. Morris of 
 
 York, Samuel K. Hoshour of York County, John B. 
 Reck of Winchester, John Philip Kline from near Woodstock, George 
 Schmucker of Shenandoah County, and David S. Keil of Germany. This 
 little class of theological students may be regarded as the nucleus of the 
 future theological seminary at Gettysburg. They were all harbored in the 
 parsonage and followed a regular schedule of instruction and deportment. 
 Their studies included rhetoric, the ancient languages, mental and moral 
 philosophy, Biblical and systematic theology, hermeneutics, Bible history 
 and general history. Practical experience in preaching the students re- 
 ceived by conducting services in schoolhouses in the neighborhood. Occa- 
 sionally they were sent by their teacher to fill his own preaching appoint- 
 ments in the more remote parts of his charge. One of the students, J. G. 
 Morris, in writing of this school at New Market long afterwards, called it 
 “The Pro-Seminary.” Dr. Schmucker himself wrote in his diary at that 
 time that he had “matriculated these students” into “a’course of theological 
 instruction.” He was evidently aiming at something more than simply 
 such private tutoring in theology as Dr. Schaeffer was doing at Frederick 
 and Dr. Lochman at Harrisburg and Dr. Endress at Lancaster. But he 
 must soon have realized that his little school could never attain very high 
 repute or very large dimensions unless it could enlist the support and patron- 
 age of the Church as a whole. This accounts for his zeal on behalf of 
 the General Synod. His prodigious efforts to save the General Synod 
 from dissolution in the dark days of 1823 were prompted primarily by his 
 keen desire to see the Church establish her own seminary. Already in 1820, 
 while he was yet a student in the seminary at Princeton, he wrote to his 
 father, who was then president of the Pennsylvania Synod, that he had 
 visited his friend, F. C. Schaeffer, in New York, and that together they had 
 resolved “to do everything possible to promote learning among us.’ The 
 founding of a theological seminary he regarded as one of the measures 
 necessary to rescue the Lutheran Church from “her former lifeless and dis- 
 tracted condition.” In his sermon before the Synod of Maryland and Vir- 
 ginia in 1824, therefore, Dr. Schmucker urged the enlargement of his New 
 Market school into a general institution of the Church. 
 
 This called forth a number of concrete suggestions on the subject. It 
 was a group of young men who took the first steps towards definite action. 
 A special conference of four young ministers was held at Martinsburg, 
 Virginia, on February 9, 1825. Those in attendance were Rev. C. P. 
 
 92 
 
GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 
 
 Krauth of Martinsburg, Rev. John Winter of Gerardstown, Virginia, Rev. 
 Frederick Ruthrauff of Williamsport, Maryland, and Rev. Benjamin Kurtz 
 of Hagerstown, Maryland. It was not the first time that 
 
 these four had met in conference. But this time, stirred The Confer- 
 by Schmucker’s sermon, they seriously discussed the pos- ence at 
 sibility of a theological seminary. Before they sep- Martinsburg 
 arated they adopted a resolution as follows: “That 
 
 this Conference engage in the important work of founding a _ theolog- 
 ical seminary to be under the direction and for the benefit of the Evan- 
 gelical Lutheran Church, and that we begin the work at once.” Practical 
 suggestions as to location of the seminary and personnel of its faculty were 
 discussed, but no definite conclusions were reached. A collection was taken 
 for the proposed institution and it amounted to five dollars. This entire 
 action was at once’ communicated to S. S. Schmucker, a hundred miles 
 farther down the valley, and called forth from him copious expressions 
 of gratification. It encouraged him to set the official wheels in motion. 
 
 The first official action on the matter was taken at the next meeting of 
 the Maryland and Virginia Synod at Hagerstown in 1825. A committee 
 was appointed “to report a plan for the immediate or- 
 ganization of a theological seminary.” This committee Maryland 
 consisted of S. S. Schmucker of New Market, C. P. Synod Action 
 Krauth of Martinsburg, and Benjamin Kurtz of Hagers- 
 town. The plan had been drawn up in advance by Schmucker. It was pre- 
 sented and adopted the same day the committee was appointed. It outlined 
 the method of founding and maintaining the proposed seminary. But spe- 
 cially significant is the provision that the school must “be patronized by the 
 General Synod and be officially put into operation by that body.” 
 
 This action of the Synod of Maryland and Virginia, therefore, brought 
 the subject before the General Synod again at its meeting in Frederick two 
 weeks later. A committee was appointed. Its chairman 
 was Benjamin Kurtz, and the other members were S. S. General Synod 
 Schmucker, Rey. Jacob Herbst, Rev. Benjamin Keller, Action 
 and Messrs. Harry and Hauptman. The report 
 of this committee was presented and adopted the next day. It was prac- 
 tically the same as the plan adopted two weeks earlier by the Synod of 
 Maryland and Virginia with the addition of a few articles which also were 
 written by Schmucker. It was this action of the General Synod that 
 brought about the beginning of the Gettysburg Seminary the next year. 
 The report of the committee was this: 
 
 Wuereas, The General Synod regarded it as a solemn duty imposed on 
 them by their Constitution, and due from them to their God and to the 
 Church, to provide for the proper education of men of piety and talents, 
 for the Gospel Ministry. Therefore, Resolved, 
 
 93 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1. That the General Synod will forthwith commence, in the name of 
 the Triune God, and in humble reliance on His aid, the establishment of a 
 theological Seminary, which shall be exclusively devoted to the glory of 
 our Divine Redeemer, Jesus Christ, Who is God over all, blessed forever. 
 And that in this seminary shall be taught, in the German and English 
 languages, the fundamental doctrines of the Sacred Scriptures, as con- 
 tained in the Augsburg Confession. 
 
 2. That this Institution shall be under the sole government of a 
 Board of Directors, which shall regularly meet semi-annually, and as 
 often at intermediate times as they may think expedient. This Board is 
 not, in any respect, under the control of the General Synod; but each 
 member is responsible, individually, to the Synod by which he is elected. 
 
 3. That this Board consist of Five Directors, viz.: three Pastors and 
 two laymen from each Synod, which is connected with the General Synod, 
 and contributes pecuniary aid to the support of the Seminary. 
 
 4. That the General Synod elect the first Board of Directors, agree- 
 ably to the preceding article, whose term of service shall be determined 
 by their respective Synods; after which, the several Synods shall elect 
 their Directors in such manner, and for such time, as may be deemed most 
 expedient by themselves: provided, always, that one-half of their quota 
 of Directors vacate their seats at one and the same time. 
 
 5. That after the aggregate sum of $10,000 has been collected, each 
 Synod shall be entitled to an additional Director, for every five hundred 
 dollars which it may subsequently contribute, until its number of Directors 
 shall be Nine; after which it shall be entitled to an additional Director for 
 every $1,000, until its number of Directors amounts to fourteen. 
 
 6. That a Professor shall be elected by the General Synod, after 
 which the Board of Directors shall forever have the exclusive authovity 
 of electing additional Professors, and filling up all vacancies. 
 
 7. Any Professor may be impeached, at any time, for fundamental 
 error in doctrine, immorality of deportment, inattention to the duties of 
 his office, or incapacity to discharge them; and, if found guilty, may be 
 dismissed from office, by two-thirds of the Directors present: provided, 
 always, that a motion for impeachment be made at one semi-annual meet- 
 ing, and lie over, for consideration, until the next; and that the Secretary 
 of the Board of Directors be required to give written notice to every 
 Director absent from said meeting, within four weeks after the meeting 
 at which such motion was made. 
 
 8. That the Board of Directors shall frame a Constitution in con- 
 sonance with the principles fixed by the General Synod; and may, from 
 time to time, form such By-Laws as they may deem expedient, and as 
 are in accordance with the Constitution. 
 
 94 
 
GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 
 
 9, Any alteration in the Constitution of the Seminary, or any elec- 
 tion for a Professor, must be proposed at one semi-annual meeting of the 
 Board, and cannot be acted on before the next semi-annual meeting. A 
 fair copy of every such proposed measure, shall be forwarded to each 
 Director, who may have been absent from said meeting, whose vote must 
 be accepted, whether by proxy or by letter. 
 
 10. The Directors are responsible for their conduct to the respective 
 Synods, by whom they were elected, and may be removed for such causes, 
 and in such manner, as said Synods shall specify. 
 
 11. The Board of Directors shall establish a Treasury, into which all 
 contributions and bequests for the Theological Seminary shall be paid, 
 and the said Board shall have the sole controul of the Treasury, 
 
 Immediately after the adoption of this detailed report it was resolved 
 that the officers of the General Synod should send agents throughout the 
 United States to solicit contributions for the support of 
 the seminary, that the Board of Directors should pay Agents 
 their expenses, and that the ministers of the several Appointed 
 synods should afford them all possible help. In appoint- 
 ing these agents the General Synod did not limit itself to its own constit- 
 uent synods, but claimed the support of the entire Lutheran Church of 
 America. The following were appointed: for the Synod of Pennsylvania, 
 Drs. Lochman, Endress, Muhlenberg, and Demme; for the Synod of West 
 Pennsylvania, Dr. J. G. Schmucker, and Revs. J. Herbst and B. Keller; 
 for Ohio and Indiana, Revs. Stauch and J. Steck; for the Synod of New 
 York, Drs. P. Mayer, Geissenhainer, F. C. Schaeffer, and Lintner; for 
 Philadelphia and the Eastern States, S. S. Schmucker; for Virginia, Revs. 
 A. Reck, Meyerheffer, and Krauth; for Maryland, Revs. B. Kurtz, Graber, 
 Ruthrauff, and Little; for Tennessee, Rev. W. Jenkins; for North Carolina, 
 Revs. J. Sherer and J. Reck; and for South Carolina, Revs. Bachman and 
 Dreher. 
 
 It is fairly certain that this list of agents was also prepared by S. S. 
 Schmucker. This would seem to follow from the external probabilities in 
 the case, from the general character of the field that is assigned to him as 
 agent, and from the fact that his is the only name in the entire list to which 
 no sort of title is affixed. 
 
 Not content with these plans for a complete canvass of the United 
 States, the General Synod proceeded to instruct its officers to commission 
 Benjamin Kurtz to go to Europe at once to solicit con- 
 tributions of money and books for the seminary. He An Agent to 
 was to be furnished with ample credentials. His expenses Europe 
 were to be paid by the Board of Directors, and the 
 officers of the General Synod forthwith appointed other ministers to take 
 charge of his congregations during his absence. 
 
 95 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Following the instructions of the fourth resolution in the report of the 
 committee, the General Synod then proceeded to elect the first Board of 
 Directors for the new institution. In this way they were 
 
 Board of obliged to limit themselves to the synods connected with 
 Directors the General Synod. The following persons were chosen: 
 Elected fronm Pennsylvania,:. Dr. -J.” G:*-Schimueker,4 Revsy Je 
 
 Herbst and B. Keller, and Messrs. Philip Smyser, of 
 York, and Jacob Young; sof >@arlisle; from. North »Carolina,* Revs, G: 
 Shober, C. A. G. Storch, and J. Walter and Colonel Berringer and William 
 Keck, Esquire, of Guilford County; and from Maryland and Virginia, Dr. 
 J.-D. Kurtz, Revs. B.*Kurtz and C. P. Krauth, and Messrs: John Harry. 
 and Cyrus Mantz. 
 The plan also provided that the General Synod should elect the first 
 professor of the proposed seminary. Accordingly a ballot was taken and 
 it was found that Rev. S. S. Schmucker, of New Mar- 
 A Professor ket, Virginia, was chosen. He received all votes but one, 
 Chosen that of Dr. J. Daniel Kurtz, which was cast as a compli- 
 ment to his old friend, Dr. Geissenhainer. Dr. Schmucker 
 declared his acceptance and his salary for the first year was fixed at five 
 hundred dollars and a residence. 
 Then the professor-elect was instructed to prepare a constitution for the 
 Seminary to submit to the Board of Directors at its first meeting. The 
 Board of Directors was requested to apply for an act of 
 Instructions incorporation. The Board was also instructed to hold 
 to Directors its first meeting in Hagerstown on March 2, 1826, 
 when its special business should be “to decide at which 
 place the Seminary should be located, and to make all such arrangements 
 as they may deem expedient” to enable the new institution to begin func- 
 tioning. At the same time it was resolved by the General Synod “that 
 the Seminary shall be located in such place as shall, at the close of three 
 months, offer the greatest advantages.” 
 These various actions of the General Synod in 1825 with reference to 
 the unborn school of the prophets indicate that the leaders of the General 
 Synod at least intended to prosecute their educational 
 Confidence in project with vigor. For more than a generation the 
 the Project Lutherans of America had clearly realized the need 
 of such a school. Long had they sighed and prayed for 
 it. Repeatedly they had planned and agitated and conferred and _hesi- 
 tated. At last definite plans had been laid and vigorous steps had been 
 taken to execute them. In the providence of God a theological seminary 
 was about to be founded and these brethren of the General Synod, most 
 of them young men, rejoiced in the glorious prospect which their Church 
 had before her. They even hoped that ultimately their seminary would 
 
 96 
 
GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 
 
 enlist the support of every Lutheran synod in America. So certain were 
 they that the new institution would begin its work in the very near future 
 that when the time for adjournment came the General Synod adjourned 
 to meet the fourth Sunday. in October, 1827, “at such place where the 
 Seminary shall be located.” 
 
 In the pastoral letter sent out to the congregations at the close of the 
 convention, a letter which came from Schmucker’s pen, a general appeal 
 was made on behalf of the prospective seminary. The 
 closing paragraph of that letter reads: The Letter 
 
 “The General Synod would, in few words, call the at- to Pastors 
 tention of the churches to the important measures which 
 have been adopted relative to a theological seminary. Brethren! we have 
 sketched out for you the plan of such an institution; we have chosen, as its 
 basis, the same principles which have sustained our Church during three 
 hundred years; the same holy principles which have sustained Christianity 
 since the days of the Apostles. Knowing that ‘other foundation can no man 
 lay, than that which is laid,’ we have founded this institution on the rock 
 Christ ; and now we call on you to build it up into an edifice, which shall do 
 honour to the liberality of your hearts, to make it commensurate with the 
 wants of our extended Church, and to make it an important and efficient 
 engine in the advancement of the mediatorial reign of your Redeemer. Re- 
 member, that all your possessions are but talents lent you, and that of the 
 use which you make of them, you must render an account. Remember, that 
 the interests of Christ’s kingdom are your interests; that the advancement 
 of them is your highest duty; that, if you have done but little heretofore, 
 you have not done what you were bound to do. An opportunity is now 
 given you to make amends for past neglect, and to discharge your present 
 duty. Cast your eyes around you, upon the waste places of our Zion. See 
 her shrouded in mourning, and bewailing her destitute condition. Hear 
 the voice,of her sons and daughters, at every session of our different 
 synods, imploring spiritual aid, calling for some messenger of the gospel, 
 to break unto them the bread of life, and teach them the way to Heaven. 
 Think, too, that your opportunity of giving a portion of your substance 
 to the Lord may soon be closed by death; and then ask your own con- 
 science: Shall I sit still and do nothing? Shall I refuse a small pittance 
 to that God who gave me everything I possess? No, brethren! Remem- 
 ber, the Lord loveth a cheerful giver; give, therefore, liberally, according 
 as the Lord may have prospered you, and ‘remember the words of the 
 Lord Jesus, how he said—it is more blessed to give than to receive.’ ” 
 
 When the “Board of Directors of the Theological Seminary of the Gen- 
 eral Synod of the Lutheran Church in the United States” met according to 
 appointment in Hagerstown on March 2, 1826, they organized by electing 
 
 97 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 J. G. Schmucker president, C. P. Krauth secretary, and Charles A. Barnitz, 
 of York, treasurer. Five clergymen and four laymen were present: 
 J: G.’ Schmucker, J, Herbst, “B.: Keller, Bo Kurtzy(and 
 Directors C. P. Krauth, clergymen; and Philip Smyser, Jacob 
 Organize Young, John Harry and Cyrus Mantz, laymen. 
 These nine constituted a quorum, and upon them de- 
 volved the high responsibility of determining the location of the Seminary. 
 Five towns were considered as possible locations, all of them, of course, 
 on the territory of synods then connected with the General Synod. These 
 were Hagerstown and Frederick in Maryland; and Car- 
 Choosing a lisle. Chambersburg, and Gettysburg in Pennsylvania. 
 Location But only three definite proposals were submitted 
 to the Board at this decisive meeting. They came 
 from Hagerstown, Carlisle and Gettysburg. Carl Gock, in his artless 
 fulminations against general synods and theological seminaries in 1822, 
 had thought he foresaw that the proposed seminary would be located at 
 Frederick. But in 1826 when the time came, Frederick made no bid for 
 the new institution, probably because the town was regarded as too far 
 from the beaten path of travel. At any rate, Dr. D. F. Schaeffer did 
 not bestir himself to secure local pledges of money. York was another 
 eligible town that made no effort to secure the seminary. This was 
 probably because the pastor in York, Dr. J. G. Schmucker, had no 
 ambition to become the “second professor” side by side with his son and 
 no desire to give up his pastorate to someone who might thus be sustained 
 as second professor. Dr. J. G. Schmucker seems to have favored Carlisle. 
 But everywhere there was a disposition to consult the preference of the 
 Professor-elect. 
 Hagerstown offered $6,635 in personal pledges. Carlisle offered $2,000 
 in money, a professor’s house for five years, $3,000 towards the erection of 
 a building, a lot of ground one hundred feet square, the 
 Gettysburg use of a lecture room in Dickinson College, and free 
 Selected access to the library and to the lectures of the Coilege 
 professors on condition that the professor of the 
 theological seminary should act as a member of the College faculty and 
 teach Hebrew and Oriental literature in the College. Gettysburg offered 
 $7,000 in money and the use of the Academy building until the seminary 
 should secure its own edifices. After a long debate on the relative advan- 
 tages of these three places a ballot was taken. Gettysburg received four 
 votes, Hagerstown three, Carlisle two. No place having received a major- 
 ity of the whole vote, a second ballot was taken, whereupon Gettysburg 
 received six votes and Hagerstown three. Thus a most important ques- 
 tion was decided, and Gettysburg became the location of the Seminary. 
 
 98 
 
GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 
 
 Gettysburg was chosen not only because it offered the largest financial 
 inducement but also because it was regarded as most accessible and most 
 centrally located for the synods then in the General 
 Synod. It was a mere village of only fifteen hundred Central and 
 inhabitants, but it had fair prospects for growth. At the Accessible 
 same time its physical surroundings promised to afford 
 for many years to come that quality of retirement which was always 
 courted for theological seminaries in those days. It was located only six 
 miles from the Mason and Dixon line and was therefore accessible to 
 north and south. Baltimore was only fifty-two miles distant to the south- 
 east. Washington was a little over sixty miles to the south. Philadelphia 
 was one hundred and fourteen to the east, and Harrisburg thirty-seven to 
 the northeast. 
 
 Gettysburg was chosen also for the same reason that it afterwards be- 
 came the site of the decisive battle in the Civil War: it was a great road 
 center. There were no railroads in the country at that time, but the best 
 constructed turnpikes in the state of Pennsylvania centered in Gettysburg. 
 These were the public thoroughfares from Baltimore to Harrisburg and 
 from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh. Daily stage coaches ran on these high- 
 ways and many vehicles of transportation carried people and goods to 
 and from the cities. Years afterwards, when railroads became the chief 
 means of transportation, Gettysburg came to be regarded as relatively in- 
 accessible and the removal of the Seminary to a larger center was seriously 
 considered. But after another lapse of time the automobile took its place 
 alongside of the railroad as a public and private carrier, and Gettysburg, 
 as the center of a veritable network of state highways, once again became 
 one of the most accessible and central points in Pennsylvania and Maryland. 
 
 The chosen location of the Seminary was the county 
 
 seat of Adams County and the home of influential men Its Literary 
 in Church and State. Its bar was one of unusual ability, Atmosphere 
 its most conspicuous member being Thaddeus Stevens. 
 A literary atmosphere pervaded the locality. Already in colonial times the 
 parsonage of the Associated Reformed Church was used as a schoolhouse 
 in which boys were prepared for college or trained for the ministry of 
 that Church. Shortly after the opening of the nineteenth century and the 
 erection of the new county, the Presbyterian pastor opened a grammar 
 school which was liberally patronized by the community. This school 
 developed into the Adams County Academy, whose spacious building was 
 erected in 1810. It was this building that Gettysburg offered in 1826 as 
 the home of the proposed Seminary. The enlightened character and the 
 educational interests of the community enabled the Lutheran pastor, John 
 Herbst, to make the liberal offer on behalf of Gettysburg if the Seminary 
 should be located there. 
 
 99 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Moreover, it is not without significance that contemporary documents 
 frequently refer to the exceptional healthiness of Gettysburg and its environ- 
 ment. For example, six years after the Seminary had 
 Its Healthfulness begun, in the first public announcement of the pros- 
 | | | pective college at Gettysburg, Judge Calvin Blythe, the 
 first president of that Board, commends the prospective institution because 
 of its location “in central Pennsylvania” and because of “the proximity of 
 Gettysburg to Baltimore and Philadelphia, the healthiness of the place, 
 and the morality of its inhabitants.” 
 When the Board of Directors had determined where 
 A Constitution the new seminary was to be located they listened to the 
 Adopted reading of the constitution by Professor Schmucker, and 
 after due deliberation and with several changes the con- 
 stitution was adopted. This instrument, so vital in molding the inner 
 life of the Seminary during the next forty years, went into minute details 
 and embraced about 6000 words. It is evident that Professor Schmucker 
 had before him the constitution of Princeton Seminary when he wrote the 
 one for Gettysburg. 
 After the adoption of the constitution the text-books to be used in the 
 Seminary were named. The first Tuesday of the following September was 
 fixed as the day when the Seminary should commence its 
 Plans for operations and the Professor should be inaugurated. A 
 Opening program for the inauguration ceremonies was agreed 
 on. The officers of the Board were instructed to 
 present a petition to the Assembly of Pennsylvania without delay for the 
 incorporation of the Seminary. More financial solicitors were appointed. 
 Rev. Mr. Herbst, who had been the most active person in securing the 
 location of the Seminary at Gettysburg, was authorized to try to purchase 
 the Gettysburg Academy for the use of the new institution. Arrange- 
 ments were made for publicity. Several other items of business were 
 transacted, and the first meeting of the Board, in some respects the most 
 important meeting, adjourned. 
 During the following summer Professor Schmucker moved to Gettys- 
 burg, bringing with him his family and household goods and _ substantial 
 contributions in money for the proposed Seminary which 
 Tuesday, Sep- he had gathered from his three congregations in Vir- 
 tember Fifth ginia. From Gettysburg he made a number of trips that 
 summer soliciting funds. Early in September prospective 
 students one by one made their way to the little town. And on Tuesday 
 the fifth, all was in readiness for the inauguration. The ceremony took 
 place in the Lutheran Church in the presence of the Board of Directors, 
 the students, and a large company of ministers and citizens. Dr. J. G. 
 
 100 
 
GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 
 
 Schmucker, president of the Board, preached a. sermon in German. Dr. 
 D. F. Schaeffer then administered the oath of office to Dr. S. S. Schmucker 
 as “Professor of Christian Theology.” This oath, which Dr. Schmucker 
 subscribed, was the following: 
 
 “Sincerely approving the design of the Seminary of the General Synod 
 of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States, as detailed in 
 Article I of its Constitution, and of the provisions of 
 the Constitution and Statutes of said Seminary, I do sol- Schmucker’s 
 emnly declare and promise, in the presence of God and Oath 
 this Board, that I will faithfully endeavor to carry into 
 effect all the provisions of said Constitution and Statutes, and thus pro- 
 mote the great design of said Seminary. 
 
 “I solemnly declare in the presence of God and the Directors of this 
 Seminary, that I do ex animo, believe the Scriptures of the Old and New 
 Testament to be the inspired Word of God, and the only perfect rule of 
 faith and practice. I believe the Augsburg Confession and the Catechism 
 of Luther to be a summary and just exhibition of the fundamental doc- 
 trines of the Word of God. I declare that I approve of the general prin- 
 ciples of church-government adopted by the Lutheran Church in_ this 
 country, and believe them to be consistent with the Word of God. And 
 I do solemnly promise not to teach any thing either directly or by in- 
 sinuation, which shall appear to me to contradict, or to be in any degree 
 more or less remote, inconsistent with the doctrines or principles avowed 
 in this declaration. On the contrary, I promise, by the aid of God, to 
 vindicate and inculcate these doctrines and principles, in opposition to the 
 views of Atheists, Deists, Jews, Socinians, Unitarians, Arians, Universal- 
 ists, Pelagians, Antinomians, and all other errorists, while I remain a 
 professor in this Seminary.” 
 
 After’ the formal installation Dr. Schaeffer delivered a charge to the 
 Professor. He pointed out the advantages of theological 
 seminaries in general and the special need for such a Schaeffer’s 
 seminary among Lutherans. He reminded the Professor Charge 
 of his serious responsibilities and charged him to be 
 orthodox and faithful. He also charged the students to cultivate piety and 
 knowledge. 
 
 Then followed the inaugural address of Professor Schmucker. His sub- 
 ject was, “The Theological Education of Ministers.” 
 
 The two prerequisites of a proper theological student, he Schmucker’s 
 said, are fervent piety and good natural talents, with Inaugural 
 the great emphasis on fervent piety. The branches 
 
 that ought to be included in a minister’s education are Greek and Hebrew, 
 
 101 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Biblical interpretation and archaeology, dogmatics, homiletics, polemics, 
 church polity, practical divinity, pastoral the- 
 ology and natural theology. Discussing the 
 proper method of study in theological educa- 
 tion the professor set forth the superior advan- 
 tages of a theological seminary over privately 
 conducted courses and defended the location of 
 seminaries in “smaller towns rather than cities.” 
 Among the advantages that may be expected 
 to result from such a course of study he men- 
 tioned intelligent ministers, practical preachers, 
 faithful pastors, and harmony among the future 
 servants of the Church. Throughout the ad- 
 dress there was a striking emphasis on per- 
 
 
 
 SAMUEL SIMON 
 SCHMUCKER 
 
 As he appeared when he warned “never to prosecute study to the det- 
 
 came to Gettysburg. 
 
 sonal piety and repeatedly the student is 
 
 riment of devotion.” 
 The inauguration exercises lasted about four hours. Of the fifteen 
 students who were enrolled the first year, eight were present on the open- 
 ing day, two others had announced their coming, two 
 The First Class more drifted in later in the fall and three came early in 
 1827. Here is the list in the order of their matriculation: 
 William Artz, of Hagerstown; David Jacobs, of Franklin County, Penn- 
 sylvania; Jonathan Oswald, of Washington County, Maryland; William 
 Moering, of Taneytown, Maryland; David Rosenmiller, of York; Jacob 
 Kempffer, of North Carolina; John A. Galloway (a Presbyterian), of 
 Gettysburg; Lewis Eichelberger, of Frederick County, Maryland; Daniel 
 Heilig, of Philadelphia; John G. Morris, of York; Benjamin Oehrle, of 
 Palmyra, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania; Nicholas G. Sharretts, of Car- 
 lisle; Samuel D. Finckel, of Jonestown, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania; 
 and George Yeager. Six of these were college graduates, four from 
 Dickinson and two from. Jefferson College at Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. 
 
 At Gettysburg they boarded in private families. 
 It was announced on the opening day that a “valuable 
 A Library and library” was already in hand, and Rev. Mr. Herbst was 
 a Building appointed librarian. It was also reported that $1,674 had 
 been collected on the subscriptions of $1,715.30. The 
 library was housed in the Adams County Academy and here the lectures 
 of the Theological Professor were to be held. The building, now a private 
 residence, is located on the southeast corner of Washington and High 
 Streets. It had been built in 1810 by means of an appropriation of $2,000 
 secured from the Pennsylvania Legislature through the good offices of 
 
 102 
 
GETTYSBURG SEMINARY: BEGINS 
 
 Thaddeus Stevens, a citizen of Gettysburg and a zealous advocate of 
 popular education. 
 
 ‘Here, then, the Lutheran Church had all the essential elements of a 
 theological seminary: an official board of directors, an installed professor, 
 
 
 
 THe ApAMS County ACADEMY 
 
 Built in 1810; home of the Seminary, 1826-1832, and of Pennsylvania College, 
 1832-1837. 
 
 a body of matriculated students, a library, a lecture hall, and a treasury. 
 The simple record is, “The institution having been now regularly organized, 
 the Professor immediately commenced his lectures with great zeal and 
 ability.” 
 
 Thus began the Gettysburg Theological Seminary on September 5, 1826. 
 The Seminary was not merely the product of hopeful enthusiasm and 
 zealous effort on the part of certain leaders in the 
 Church. Nor was it simply the result of sacrificial A Timely 
 endeavor on the part of its large circle of friends and Consummation 
 supporters. It was also to a certain extent a product of 
 the times. The long lines of two eenturies of historical development con- 
 verged to bring it into being. More than two hundred years had elapsed since 
 the first Lutheran settlers had come to America. Three-fourths of a century 
 had passed since the leaders among the Lutherans in America had first 
 felt the need of such an institution. It had been a long struggle. From 
 their educational antecedents in Europe and from the dire needs of the field 
 in America it might have been expected that the Lutherans in America 
 would bring forth a theological seminary long before they did. But as a 
 matter of fact the era of theological seminaries in America did not arrive 
 until the first quarter of the nineteenth century. When it did arrive the 
 
 103 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Lutherans with their Seminary at Gettysburg were well in the van of the 
 movement. This will be clear if we consider a few facts in the history of 
 theological education in general. 
 Theological seminaries are a comparatively modern 
 History of institution. Until the middle of the eighteenth century 
 Seminaries State Churches prevailed everywhere and theology was 
 taught almost entirely in universities supported by the 
 governments. No special institutions existed for the training of pastors. 
 But when independency began to flourish alongside of the established 
 churches, one by one preacher-seminaries came to be founded, first by the 
 Free Churches and the Nonconformists and then by the State Churches 
 themselves. In Germany and the Scandinavian countries these new insti- 
 tutions were called preacher-seminaries. In England and Scotland they 
 were known as public colleges. In the Church of England they were 
 diocesan seminaries. All aimed at the special training of the ministry. 
 They followed somewhat the pattern of the Tridentine Seminaries of the 
 Roman Catholics, offering first a philosophical course of one or two years 
 and then a theological course of two or three years. 
 The American colonists of the eighteenth century also founded colleges 
 whose chief purpose it was to train a Christian ministry. They modeled 
 these schools after the colleges of the British universities 
 American where instruction in theology was mingled with gene-al 
 Developments education. The development of these early Amer- 
 ican colleges, therefore, was such that about the 
 middle of the eighteenth century a great theological battle was waged 
 concerning ministerial education. Learning and piety were set in antithesis 
 to each other. Slowly it became evident that the colleges were not 
 fulfilling the pious purposes of their founders but were developing into 
 universities and ministering td general education and scientific research 
 rather than to the special training of preachers and pastors. Early in the 
 nineteenth century, therefore, the Churches in America began to make 
 other provision for the training of their ministers. In rapid succession 
 they established theological seminaries. This was easier to do after the 
 establishment of the Republic and the consequent friendly separation of 
 Church and State. The need for seminaries became even more imperative 
 as the several states began to support non-theological and even non-relig- 
 ious institutions with public funds. Moreover, the revival of theological 
 science that began in Germany very early in that century extended over 
 the major portion of Christendom. One of its effects in America was to 
 stimulate the movement to establish denominational seminaries for the 
 special training of pastors in theological branches. 
 The first of these seminaries among Protestants was that of the Mo- 
 ravians, at Nazareth, Pennsylvania, in 1807. The next year Andover was 
 
 104 
 
GETTYSBURG SEMINARY BEGINS 
 
 founded by the Congregationalists in revolt against Harvard. Two years 
 later the Dutch Reformed seminary was begun at New Brunswick, and in 
 1812 the Presbyterian at Princeton. In 1816, the year 
 
 that Lutherans erected a building for Hartwick Sem- An Era of 
 inary, the Congregationalists founded another seminary Denominational 
 at Bangor, Maine. The General Theological Seminary Seminaries 
 
 was opened by the Protestant Episcopalians in New 
 York City in 1819. The following year Auburn was begun by the Pres- 
 byterians and Hamilton (now Colgate) by the Baptists. In 1823 Virginia 
 Seminary at Alexandria began to serve the Episcopalians. Then 
 followed, in quick succession, Union Seminary in Virginia for the Presby- 
 terians in 1824, Newton for the Baptists and Lancaster for the German 
 Reformed in 1825, Gettysburg for the Lutherans in 1826, Rock Spring 
 (Illinois) for the Baptists, and Western at Allegheny for the Presbyte- 
 rians in 1827, Lane for the Presbyterians in 1832, Hartford in 1834 and 
 Oberlin in 1835, both for the Congregationalists, and Union in New York 
 City for the Presbyterians in 18306. 
 
 The founding of the Gettysburg Seminary in 1826, therefore, was not 
 merely a worthy response to a crying need of long standing. It was also 
 a concrete expression of the spirit of evangelical Chris- 
 
 tianity in that day. It was clear evidence that the Luth- Born of the 
 eran Church in America was feeling the impulses then Spirit of the 
 surging through the other Christian Churches, the Times 
 
 impulse to denominational conservation, the impulse to 
 ageressive action, and particularly the impulse to an adequate and special- 
 ized training of future ministers. 
 
 From this narrative of the events leading to the establishment of the 
 Seminary at Gettysburg it must be evident to the reader that the fate of 
 the infant ‘institution lay in the lap of one young man, Samuel Simon 
 Schmucker. He was the prime mover in the preliminaries, and drew up 
 the plans for the institution. He formulated the constitution of the 
 Seminary. He was the first professor and the entire faculty. For thirty- 
 eight years he was at the head of the school and the chief factor in deter- 
 mining its policy and procedure. We need to examine a little more closely 
 the personality and the positions of this important agent in the history of 
 the Seminary. 
 
CHARAE RS VEEL 
 THE: CHIEF FOUNDER 
 
 Samuel Simon Schmucker was only twenty-seven years old when the 
 Gettysburg Seminary began. He was the chief factor in its founding and 
 its early history, and it would be impossible to understand the course of 
 the Seminary’s life without forming an estimate of his personality and 
 theological position. 
 
 The external events of his life have often been related and may be 
 recorded here very briefly. He was born at Hagerstown, Maryland, Febru- 
 
 ary 28, 1799, the son of Rev. Dr. John George Schmucker 
 His Education and his wife, Catharine Gross. He was of German 
 
 descent, his grandfather and great-grandfather having 
 come from the province of Hesse-Darmstadt and having settled near Wood- 
 stock, Virginia. When Samuel was ten years old his father moved to 
 York and there for two years he studied at the York County Academy. 
 This was his principal elementary training. In 
 1814, in response to a very kindly letter written 
 to him by Dr. Helmuth, the young man entered 
 the freshman class at the University of Penn- 
 sylvania. There he remained for two years, 
 studying in the University and at the same time 
 receiving theological instruction from Dr. Hel- 
 muth. Returning to York in 1816 he had charge 
 for a year and a half of the classical depart- 
 ment of the Academy. During this time also 
 he continued his theological studies under his 
 father’s direction. In the summer of 1818 he 
 entered the second year class of Princeton 
 
 
 
 SAMUEL SIMON Theological Seminary and remained there until 
 SCHMUCKER the spring of 1820. His principal teachers at 
 pee gine AL ASe Princeton were Drs. Archibald Alexander 
 
 and Samuel Miller. Among his fellow-students were Charles Hodge and 
 Robert Baird and Bishops McIlvaine and Johns of the Episcopal Church. 
 The University of Pennsylvania, where he had finished only the studies of the 
 sophomore year, in 1819 conferred on him the degree of A.B., honoris causa. 
 
 In May, 1820, he presented himself before the Ministerium of Penn- 
 sylvania for licensure. After a careful and very satisfactory examination 
 by Drs. Lochman and Endress, he was admitted to the work of the minis- 
 try. He was licensed at Lancaster, May 31, 1820, his own father being 
 
 106 
 
THE CHIEF FOUNDER 
 
 president of the Ministerium. For four months he assisted his father at 
 York. Then he went to take charge of the field specified in his certificate 
 of licensure. This consisted of several congregations in 
 
 Shenandoah County, Virginia, which had been under the His Ministry 
 care of his uncle, Nicholas Schmucker. His parish em- 
 
 braced five congregations with New Market as the center. In this obscure 
 field the cultured and highly trained young preacher labored for nearly 
 six years, declining all invitations to such places as Baltimore, Philadelphia, 
 New York, Middletown, Georgetown and the general agency of the 
 American Bible Society. In 1821 he was ordained by the newly organized 
 Synod of Maryland and Virginia. In 1830 the doctorate of divinity was 
 conferred on him both by Rutgers College and by the University of 
 Pennsylvania. This was a high compliment to one so young. 
 
 From 1826 to 1864 Dr. Schmucker was the head of the Gettysburg 
 Seminary. He was a man of many and varied interests, as the narrative 
 of his work in connection with the Seminary will show. 
 
 He was married three times and the father of thirteen At Gettysburg 
 children, nine of whom grew to maturity. Of his four 
 
 sons three became ministers and one a jurist; of his five daugh- 
 ters three married ministers and two jurists. After his resignation as 
 active professor in 1864 he devoted himself to authorship almost to the 
 end of his days. He died July 26, 1873, and was buried at Gettysburg, the 
 scene of the chief labors of his crowded life. 
 
 When we scek to understand Dr. Schmucker’s personality, a number 
 of factors must be considered. He had a good heritage, physical, intel- 
 lectual, and spiritual. He was one of twelve children 
 and from childhood was trained in habits of self-dis- His Personality 
 cipline. He was of medium height and not robust in 
 appearance, but his health was generally good and he was capable of prodig- 
 ious exertion. Frew men could endure such severe mental toil and such 
 intensive and prolonged application. 
 
 Related to this capacity for concentration was his uniform calmness and 
 self-possession. He was thoroughly schooled in self-control. He was often 
 the object of violent assault and could himself deal a 
 mighty thrust, but even amid the most animated discus- Self-Control 
 sion or under the most trying circumstances it is said and Dignity 
 that he never gave any outward sign that his temper 
 was ruffled or his equanimity disturbed. His poise and dignity made 
 him scorn anything like pompous advertisement or spectacular method or 
 boastful utterance. He always maintained a dignified reserve. 
 
 Moreover, he was very methodical in all his ways, always ready with 
 precepts and formulas. His self-analysis is entirely correct when he says 
 in the preface to the first edition of his “Popular Theology” that he is 
 
 107 
 
HISTORY’ OF GEDTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 “habitually fond of rigid adherence to system.” He had much skill, there- 
 fore, in writing constitutions and by-laws, formulas of discipline, articles 
 of agreement, rules and regulations. For many years he 
 Systematic kept a very careful diary. He cultivated the quality of 
 and Exact exactness that comes from writing, Even his lectures 
 for his little group of students at the Seminary were 
 in may cases written out in full. There was nothing weak, feverish 
 or slip-shod about him. The traditions of his father’s house all made 
 for vigor, industry, and carefulness. 
 Of Schmucker’s intellectual ability there can be no doubt. The testi- 
 monials of those who taught him at York, in Philadelphia, and at Prince- 
 ton are of the highest order. They attest not only his 
 Studious Habits diligence as a student and his attainments in learning 
 but also his high native talent. He was a student by 
 heritage and by habit. He studied at the expense of sociability. He 
 seemed to require little relaxation. His mind, therefore, was well dis- 
 ciplined and unusually well stored with classical knowledge already at the 
 early beginning of his career. One effect of this was that he delighted in 
 the teaching functions of his ministry. From his father he had learned to 
 catechise intensively and to this work he gave much attention in his pas- 
 torate at New Market, so that he could say with H. E. Muhlenberg, of 
 Lancaster: “The part of my work that I love most is the instruction of 
 the youth.” He also conducted Sunday schools in his congregations, and 
 these were rare institutions in that day. His aptness to teach was evident 
 also in his sermons, which he wrote out with great care and then preached 
 without notes. They were devout and earnest, but the didactic element 
 held chief prominence and there were few flowers of rhetoric. In preach- 
 ing as in teaching and writing he used both English and German. His 
 skill in German was acquired by patient study and practice. In his pas- 
 torate at New Market he preached every Sunday in both languages. In 
 his teaching at Gettysburg he used of course chiefly English, but for a 
 number of years he also gave instruction in German for the sake of those 
 students who did not understand English. He read extensively in the 
 literature of both languages. 
 A striking witness to the breadth of his intellectual 
 Breadth of horizon early in life is found in the “Pastoral Address” 
 Knowledge which at the direction of the General Synod in 1823 he 
 wrote to all the congregations of the Lutheran Church 
 in America. His accurate description of the general situation in the 
 Church, his diagnosis of the chief needs of the Church, his discriminating 
 analysis of the several synods in the United States and his broad knowledge 
 of conditions among Lutherans in the various countries of Europe, are 
 such as are rarely found in one only twenty-four years old. 
 
 108 
 
THE CHIEF POUNDER 
 
 His intellectual equipment was reflected most clearly in his work as a 
 
 teacher in the Seminary. Here he adapted himself to the needs of his 
 students and to the practical requirements of the Church 
 at that time. His students came to him at first with As a Seminary 
 little preliminary training and he was obliged to adapt Teacher 
 the method and content of his teaching to their capacity. 
 Moreover, the course extended over only two years, and the lone profes- 
 sor had a very wide range of subjects to cover. He was obliged to teach 
 Greek and Hebrew philology, sacred geography, sacred chronology, Bibli- 
 cal and profane history, Jewish antiquities, mental philosophy, natural 
 theology, evidences of Christianity, Biblical criticism, exegetical and Bibli- 
 cal theology, systematic divinity, ecclesiastical history, pastoral and polemic 
 theology, church government, and the composition and delivery of sermons. 
 For some years, therefore, the content of his teaching was rather elemen- 
 tary even for that day. His method of conducting his lectures usually con- 
 sisted in slowly dictating several paragraphs to the students and following 
 this with extended comments on what had been written. When text-books 
 were used he required that the assigned portions be mastered very thor- 
 oughly. In some of the courses he first lectured on a portion of the sub- 
 ject and then closed the hour by dictating questions covering the substance 
 of the lecture. His views were doled out to his students as a finished 
 product and there was little encouragement to original thinking or collat- 
 eral research. 
 
 It is easy, therefore, to understand why, with all his zeal for learning 
 in the Church, with all his native talent and diligent application and thor- 
 ough training, Dr. Schmucker did not develop into a 
 profound scholar. His interests were too wide, the Not Profound 
 practical duties of his executive office were too many, but Analytical 
 and the theological branches that he was obliged to teach 
 were too varied to permit him to become a specialist in any one branch. His 
 colleagues and some of his students surpassed him in depth and in critical 
 skill. He wrote a theology, but it was, as indeed it claimed to be, a 
 “Popular Theology” and not the work of a trained dogmatician. He 
 wrote on historical subjects, but he exhibited no critical acumen. He made 
 several excursions into the realm of exegesis but he made no original 
 contributions in this field. He was not uninformed on matters of the 
 latest research, but he did not himself make any original contributions. 
 His intellectual talent was developed along the lines of analysis rather than 
 those of research. He had a special fondness and unusual aptitude for 
 reducing everything to the most logical and systematic form. He was, 
 therefore, a skilful translator, a popular teacher and preacher, able to take 
 the results of profound research, pack them for transportation and present 
 them for popular consumption. 
 
 109 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Happily, Dr. Schmucker’s qualities were those most needed in the teacher 
 of preachers in the incipient Seminary of the Lutheran Church at the 
 beginning of the second quarter of the nineteenth cen- 
 The Talent for tury. The Church was. still in the transition from 
 His Task German to English, from European to American ways. 
 She was still in the process of breaking the bonds of 
 unionism and shaking off the fangs of rationalism. An evangelical min- 
 istry of devout and practical preachers was her greatest need. There 
 were no preparatory schools as yet and it was not to be expected that the 
 Seminary would begin with scholarship approaching that of a university. 
 The work of the Seminary at Gettysburg under Dr. Schmucker, both in 
 kind and degree, was not unlike that of the several other seminaries that 
 had just been established in that period. His students uniformly held an 
 exalted opinion of his ability and his fidelity, and the Church both then 
 and since has felt that the institution which he founded served the purpose 
 for which it was established. 
 Approaching the heart of the man a little more closely we observe first 
 of all that he was a man. of deep piety. His father before him traced his 
 own conversion to a definite date, conducted revivals of 
 Profound Piety religions in his parishes and measured the success of 
 each year’s ministry by the number of souls that had 
 been definitely converted during the year. The son, therefore, was early 
 accustomed to introspection and anxious regard for the condition of his 
 soul. In his youth he was frequently troubled with doubts and conflicting 
 impulses and there was much mental anguish about his internal call to the 
 ministry. In his pastorate he labored earnestly for conversions. Special 
 services were held for the salvation of sinners and mid-week “prayer- 
 meetings” were organized, after Pietist pattern, for the edification of the 
 saints. He distinguished sharply between the converted and the unrepen- 
 tant. His diary clearly reveals a most sincere and self-abasing soul, a 
 thoroughly devout heart, and a spirit of fervent prayer. 
 This pious attitude Dr. Schmucker carried with him to his work at the 
 Seminary. In the Constitution, which he wrote, it is specified that “No per- 
 son shall be eligible to the office of Professor, who is 
 
 Efforts fora not an ordained pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran 
 Converted Church, of high repute for piety and talents.” We have 
 Ministry seen how his inaugural address emphasized personal piety 
 
 as a requirement in a ministerial student. He urgues that 
 the rigor of the class-room must sometimes be abated in order that the 
 student may cultivate his spirituality, and he advises that when a student 
 is assailed with “doubts and fears” he should suspend his studies and devote 
 whole days to practical religious exercises until he regain “a preponder- 
 ance of spiritual feeling.” 
 
 110 
 
THE CHIEF FOUNDER 
 
 Dr. Schmucker was himself a man of strict morals and inculcated prin- 
 ciples and precepts that a later generation would style puritanical. This 
 left its impress upon the spirit of the institution that he helped to found 
 and vitally influenced the ideals of the ministers in training there. [or 
 Dr. Schmucker gave personal attention to all of the students who came to 
 the Seminary and many of them were the objects of his anxious solici- 
 tude, even in their personal lives and private affairs. It ought to be 
 pointed out, however, that when Dr. Schmucker emphasized the need of 
 piety in Christian ministers he referred to something more than merely 
 the outward evidences of sanctification. He used the word in a sense more 
 nearly synonymous with salvation or conversion. Like Whitefield and 
 Wesley he could refer to the time when a person was converted as the 
 time when he “became pious.” In his inaugural address he repeatedly 
 contrasts the “pious” man with the unregenerate or unconverted man. This 
 is entirely in harmony with the usage of later Pietism itself. In his efforts 
 for piety in the Seminary, therefore, Dr. Schmucker must be understood 
 as laboring definitely for a converted ministry, and his success in this 
 also marked a distinct advance over the preceding period of Lutheran 
 history in America. 
 
 Another quality in Schmucker’s personality that influenced the work 
 of the Seminary in its early life was his breadth of interest, his active 
 sympathy with general and philanthropic movements of 
 
 the day. He was an ardent advocate of temperance His Interest in 
 and even of legal prohibition. A total abstainer himself, General 
 and a sad witness of the effects of intemperance in Movements 
 
 the lives of some of his best ministerial friends, he was 
 
 one of the earliest organizers of temperance societies in this country and 
 actively supported the cause. He also gave of his time and energy to agi- 
 tate with tongue and pen for a proper observance of the “Christian Sab- 
 bath.” He stoutly maintained the divine obligation of the Lord’s Day. 
 The orphan also claimed his active interest and he spent much time in 
 adjusting the affairs of the Frey estate and the Emmaus Orphan House 
 at Middletown, Pennsylvania. On the question of slavery he was an out- 
 spoken abolitionist. He manumitted the slaves that had come to him 
 through marriage, was among the earliest advocates of African coloniza- 
 tion, helped to organize emancipation societies, wrote freely and fully 
 against the institution of slavery, helped to make Gettysburg a station on 
 the “underground railway” for fugitive slaves, and labored earnestly for 
 the improvement of conditions among freedmen. In 1835, a colored student, 
 Daniel A. Payne, from Charleston, South Carolina, entered the Seminary 
 and there was no discrimination against him. It does not seem to have 
 occurred to Dr. Schmucker, however, to send him as a Lutheran mission- 
 ary among his own race. He afterwards became a bishop in the Methodist 
 
 ike 
 
HISTORY: OF GETTYSBURG, SEMINARY 
 
 Church. For many years Schmucker regularly attended the annual meet- 
 ings of the American Tract Society in New York, had a leading part in 
 determining the policies of the organization, and for eight years was a 
 vice-president. 
 Dr. Schmucker’s activities in all these general movements of his gener- 
 ation as well as the acquaintanceships formed during his student days at 
 Princeton and in Philadelphia led him to cultivate a wide 
 Interest in circle of friendship outside of his own Lutheran 
 Christian Union Church. It prompted in him an ecumenical spirit of 
 fraternity. The cause of Christian union, not to be con- 
 fused with organic Church union, always lay very near his heart. Already in 
 1838 he published a book entitled ‘Fraternal Appeal to the American 
 _ Churches, with a Plan for Catholic Union on Apostolic Principles.” This 
 had a wide circulation and met with warm approval both in this country 
 and abroad. It brought him into extended correspondence with prominent 
 men of all denominations, and started the movement that culminated in the 
 organization of the Evangelical Alliance in 1846. He went with great 
 delight to the organization meeting in London and was received with spe- 
 cial marks of respect. The broad basis of the Alliance is well known. 
 But it is interesting to note that when the Alliance proposed at this first 
 meeting to exclude members from slave-holding states, Dr. Schmucker 
 objected most vigorously on the ground that the Alliance was formed for 
 religious purposes while slavery is a political evil, and on the further 
 ground that such exclusion would tend to disruption rather than to closer 
 union. 
 This visit to the Evangelical Alliance Schmucker made an occasion 
 to travel extensively in England and Scotland and on the Continent, where 
 he learned to know the chief theologians and preachers 
 His Broad of those countries, and enlisted wide interest in the 
 Contacts Seminary at Gettysburg. These broad contacts both 
 within and without the Lutheran Church he kept up 
 throughout his life, and turned to the financial advantage of the Seminary 
 in its most needy hour. Even through the period of intolerance that 
 prevailed during the middle part of the century he maintained his large 
 spirit of catholic toleration. His very last publication, “True Unity of 
 Christ’s Church,” was devoted to the interests of the Evangelical Alliance, 
 whose approaching meeting in New York in 1873 he hoped to attend. 
 His labors across denominational lines are really of a piece with his labors 
 for a General Synod among American Lutherans and his labors on the 
 Committee of Correspondence between the General Synod and the Luther- 
 ans of Europe. They are concrete evidences of his breadth of sympathy 
 and his thorough-going spirit of fraternity. This too left its marks upon the 
 Seminary that he founded and the General Synod whose ministry he trained. 
 
 112 
 
THE CHIEF FOUNDER 
 
 But the chief element in Dr. Schmucker’s personal equipment, the factor 
 of prime importance for the history of the Seminary, was his ability as 
 an organizer and executive. Here again he showed his 
 extraordinary talent very early in life. When he was Executive 
 only nineteen years old the Pennsylvania Ministerium Ability 
 appointed his father and two others as a committee 
 to confer with a committtee from the Reformed Synod of Pennsylvania 
 and draw up a plan for a joint theological seminary at Lancaster. The 
 plan that was drawn up and which the Ministerium failed to adopt not be- 
 cause of any weakness in the plan itself was written by the hand of 
 S. S. Schmucker and undoubtedly embodies for the most part his own 
 ideas. The next year we find him advocating vigorous and practical 
 measures which through his father he urges the Pennsylvania Ministerium 
 to enact in order to rescue the Lutheran Church from its deplorable and 
 lifeless condition. He was present at the meeting of the Pennsylvania 
 Ministerium in 1819 when it was decided to establish a General Synod. 
 He attended the organization meeting in 1820 and the first regular con- 
 vention in 1821. His first appearance as a regular delegate was in 1823 
 and at once he assumed the leadership. For more than fifty years he at- 
 tended every convention of the General Synod either as a regular delegate 
 or as chairman of the committee on hymn-books and catechisms. 
 
 In 1823 when the fate of the infant General Synod seemed to be decided 
 by the withdrawal of the Pennsylvania Ministerium, and the West Penn- 
 sylvania Conference appointed their meeting for the very 
 day that had been fixed for the meeting of the General Saved the 
 Synod, young Schmucker in his rural parish in Virginia General Synod 
 sensed the seriousness of the situation for the future 
 of the Lutheran Church as a whole and at once resolved to make a 
 desperate effort to sustain the General Synod. He wrote immediately 
 to the principal friends of the cause in the various Synods. Then he set 
 out on horseback for Frederick, where in company with D. F. Schaeffer 
 more letters were written. From there he went to Gettysburg and per- 
 suaded John Herbst to accompany him to the home of his father, J. G. 
 Schmucker in York. These three determined that J. G. Schmucker should 
 call the meeting of the West Pennsylvania Conference two weeks earlier 
 than the date appointed and that J. G. Schmucker and John Herbst, by 
 the aid of a long written appeal from S. S. Schmucker, should persuade 
 the Conference to adopt certain resolutions already prepared by the 
 younger Schmucker endorsing the cause of the General Synod and appoint- 
 ing delegates to its next meeting. These heroic efforts succeeded in saving 
 the life of the General Synod, and Schmucker’s executive talent was 
 always thereafter recognized. 
 
 As a member of the Synod of Maryland and Virginia in 1821 he pre- 
 
 113 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 pared “The Formula for the Government and Discipline of the Evangelical 
 Lutheran Church in Maryland and Virginia.” This was adopted by the 
 General Synod as its own in 1823. Four years later as 
 
 Wrote a member of the West Pennsylvania Synod he revised 
 Fundamental and enlarged the Formula of Government for that Synod 
 Instruments and the General Synod adopted it as revised. It thus 
 
 became the ground plan for the organization of the 
 
 great body of congregations in the General Synod and its influence con- 
 
 tinues to this day. He also prepared the model Constitution for Synods 
 
 which the General Synod adopted in 1829, and this, as he says in his own 
 memorandum, completed the Formula. 
 
 In 1823 he proposed that the General Synod form a standing committee 
 
 of foreign correspondence, and he became its chairman, in this way be- 
 
 ginning his intimate touch with leading men in the 
 
 Other Labors Lutheran Churches of Germany and the Scandinavian 
 for the General lands and acting as the spokesman of American Luth- 
 Synod erans in addressing the Lutherans of the world. He 
 
 wrote the first four “Pastoral Addresses” of the General 
 Synod, the letters in which the fundamental principles of the general body 
 were first made known to the congregations. By the authority of the 
 General Synod he published an English Catechism and with the aid of 
 C. P. Krauth brought out the English Hymn-Book of 1829. He was 
 president of the General Synod in 1850 and several times president of the 
 West Pennsylvania Synod. He was one of the chief agents also in found- 
 ing The Lutheran Observer in 1831, the Central Missionary Society 
 and the Parent Education Society in 1835, the Foreign Missionary Society 
 in 1837, the Home Missionary Society in 1845, and the Church Extension 
 Society in 1853. There is scarcely a single branch of the organized work 
 of the Church in his day on which he did not stamp the impress of his 
 organizing talent. 
 The great executive talent of the chief founder of the Seminary was 
 the result of his diligence, his determination, and his ability to anticipate 
 most of the situations that from time to time confronted 
 
 Tenacity of him. He was both far-sighted and near-sighted, vision- 
 Purpose ary enough to look into the future and practical enough 
 
 to calculate the next step. His will once fixed on a 
 goal, he moved calmly forward to it irrespective of obstacles. He was 
 never swerved from his purpose by adverse criticism or the fear of it. 
 Witness his tenacity in the founding of the Seminary itself. At least 
 seven years elapsed after he had conceived the ideal before it was realized 
 and through all that time he lost no opportunity to .advance, however 
 slowly, towards the goal. A further instance of his perspective into the 
 future and his tenacity in achieving is seen in the fact that when he left 
 
 114 
 
THE CHIEF FOUNDER 
 
 Princeton early in 1820 he had set up three definite. objects which he was 
 determined to accomplish “for the welfare of our Church: a translation of 
 some one eminent system of Lutheran dogmatics, a theological seminary, 
 and a college for the Lutheran Church.” The first two of these ambitions he 
 attained within the next six years, and the third he realized six years later. 
 
 This same tenacity of purpose he applied in administering the affairs 
 of the Seminary after it was founded. He was diligent in business and 
 he stood, if not before kings, at least before legislators. If one appeal 
 did not win his case, repeated appeals were made. Errors 
 of judgment he did sometimes make. This is easy to Unsurpassed 
 record now that he has been dead these fifty years and as Executive 
 more. But when we consider the tremendous responsibili- 
 ties laid upon his shoulders from the days of his immature youth, the 
 wonder is that he did not make more mistakes than he did. The statement 
 made concerning him by Professor H. E. Jacobs thirty years ago is still 
 true: “Never have higher executive abilities been at the service of the 
 Church.” 
 
 Turning now from Dr. Schmucker’s personality to his theological posi- 
 tion we touch another very important factor in the history of the Seminary 
 and indeed of the entire Lutheran Church in America. 
 
 We have an abundance of published materials on which His Theolog- 
 to base an estimate of his standpoint in theology. He ical Views 
 was outspoken in confessing his views. Moreover, he 
 
 was very prolific as an author and published altogether forty-four works, 
 though most of these were synodical and occasional discourses. As we 
 might expect from the analysis of his personality that we have made, he 
 was fairly consistent in his theological views throughout his life, though 
 the great changes in the Church during his long incumbency at the Semi- 
 nary brought it about that the Church as a whole reacted differently to his 
 views in different periods of his life. This in turn influenced somewhat 
 his own statements and points of emphasis. His theological position, 
 therefore, can only be understood in the light of the general conditions of 
 the times in which he lived and labored. 
 
 When Dr. Schmucker entered the ministry the Lutheran Church in 
 America was sadly in need of conservation. Its very life was threatened. 
 The Revolutionary War had brought a terrible after- 
 
 math of immorality and infidelity that perpetuated itself The General 
 far into the youth of the Republic. If the descriptions Conditions 
 of contemporary writers are to be credited, the low state He Met 
 
 of morals that prevailed everywhere during the first two 
 decades of the nineteenth century amounted almost to “universal putrefac- 
 
 tion.” But this immorality was only the natural result of a general decline 
 
 115 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 in religious faith. The close contact of America with France during the war 
 and during the making of the nation had left a deposit of rationalistic 
 thought all over America. Moreover, German rationalism and English deism 
 had been imported in liberal quantities. The result was that a general dere- 
 liction of religious principle and practice pervaded the land, affecting 
 clergy as well as laity. The faith of the fathers threatened to disappear. 
 
 The Lutheran Church caught the infection of ration- 
 
 Deterioration alism, though not to the same degree as the other Protes- 
 Among tant Churches. The spirit of Muhlenberg and his faith- 
 Lutherans ful co-laborers did not entirely die out, but it lived on 
 
 only feebly, being kept alive by such men as Helmuth, 
 Schmidt, J. G. Schmucker, Lochman, and the Schaeffers. In 1792 the 
 Pennsylvania Ministerium revised its constitution and omitted all refer- 
 ence to the Lutheran Confessions or even to the Bible. Two years before 
 Schmucker was licensed by the Pennsylvania Ministerium that body had 
 adopted a liturgy in which the formula of distribution in the Lord’s Sup- 
 per was identical with that of the Reformed. In New York after Dr. 
 Kunze died the Ministerium there came under the rationalizing influence 
 of Dr. Quitman and was ready to deny the inspiration and authority of 
 the Bible and to set at naught all the main doctrines of the Lutheran Con- 
 fessions and even of the Apostles’ Creed. These two synods included the 
 main body of Lutherans in America. The evangelical elements that were 
 still left in the Church were strongly tinged with unionism. This con- 
 dition was due partly to indolence but chiefly to considerations of ex- 
 pediency. In New York and North Carolina the Lutherans fraternized 
 with the Episcopalians, in Pennsylvania with the Reformed. 
 These conditions during the first quarter of the nine- 
 
 Schmucker teenth century threatened the Lutheran Church of Amer- 
 Sees the ica with disintegration and complete loss of identity. 
 Danger Fortunately, there were a few among the rising gener- 
 
 ation who sensed the danger. The most vigorous among 
 them was S. S. Schmucker. While yet a student at Princeton his cor- 
 respondence and his entries into his diary show that he was deeply im- 
 pressed with the widespread lack of spirituality among ministers and the 
 unevangelical character of the churches. He was particularly impressed 
 with these conditions as they prevailed in the Lutheran Church. He shows 
 great zeal for “our Lutheran Zion” and writes about “the deplorable state 
 of our Church” and about the “ignorance of many of our brethren in the 
 ministry.” Writing about a conference that he had with his good friend, 
 F. C. Schaeffer, in New York, he says: “We promised each other that 
 in reliance on God we would do everything possible to promote the follow- 
 ing objects: In general to labor for the welfare of our Church, that a 
 rule may be established according to which every applicant must be exam- 
 
 116 
 
THE CHIE ROUNDER 
 
 ined in regard to his personal Christianity, that the Augsburg Confession 
 should again be brought up out of the dust and that everyone must sub- 
 scribe to the twenty-one articles and declare before God by his subscrip- 
 tion that it corresponds with the Bible, not quantum but quia.” 
 
 This was written in a letter to his father. What he means by his refer- 
 ence to the Augsburg Confession is made clearer by an entry in his diary 
 referring to that same conference with Schaeffer: “Rela- 
 
 tive to the propriety of our Synod adopting a confession Zeal for 
 of faith, we also had some interchange of sentiments. Evangelical 
 He is of the opinion that something should be done and Fundamentals 
 
 ought to have been done many years ago. He agreed 
 to the opinion that a confession should be adopted which ought to 
 include only fundamental doctrines; and that would leave sufficient room 
 for liberty of thought, which all Protestants must retain, and yet would 
 be sufficiently specific to exclude heresy from our body. . . . This would 
 enable us effectually to exclude from the Church of Christ those pests of so- 
 ciety, the Socinians.” Clearly young Schmucker was primarily concerned 
 about recovering the evangelical character of the Lutheran Church as a whole 
 and to that end he believed that confessional subscription ought to be re- 
 stored by the synods and that the Augsburg Confession in a general way should 
 be the distinguishing mark in the faith of Lutheran ministers. In this he was 
 thoroughly consistent from first to last and beyond this he never went. It 
 was the next generation that came to be concerned not only about the 
 evangelical character of the Church but also its confessional character. 
 
 Schmucker’s zeal for a pledge to the Augsburg Confession was the 
 result of three factors. It was due, in part, to the influence of his teacher, 
 Helmuth, who was a veteran from the days of the Patri- 
 arch Muhlenberg and who had carried over with him Sources of His 
 the confessional strain of that earlier period. It was Lutheran Zeal 
 due to his personal reaction against the Lutheran situ- 
 ation as he found it at its worst in New York City. It was due, also, to his 
 denominational self-consciousness that had been cultivated by his contacts 
 with representatives of other denominations in Princeton. 
 
 Accordingly, in the plan for a Seminary which Schmucker drew up and 
 which the General Synod adopted in 1825, the first resolution specifies: “In 
 this Seminary shall be taught, in the German and Eng- 
 
 lish languages, the fundamental doctrines of the Sacred In the 
 Scriptures, as contained in the Augsburg Confession.” Seminary 
 In the Constitution of the Seminary which he prepared Constitution 
 
 and which the Board of Directors adopted in 1826, 
 the design of the Seminary, as set forth in Article I, is this: “To provide 
 our churches with pastors who sincerely believe, and cordially approve of 
 
 117 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG, SEMINARY 
 
 the doctrines of the Holy Scriptures, as they are fundamentally taught 
 in the Augsburg Confession, and who will therefore teach them in opposi- 
 , tion to Deists, Unitarians, Arians, Antinomians, and all other fundamental 
 errorists.’ The oath of office which the Constitution required of the Pro- 
 fessor and which Schmucker had composed and then pronounced and sub- 
 scribed at his inauguration is the following: “I solemnly declare in the 
 presence of God and the Directors of this Seminary, that I do ex animo, 
 believe the Scriptures of the Old and New Testament to be the inspired 
 Word of God, and the only perfect rule of faith and practice. I believe 
 the Augsburg Confession and the Catechisms of Luther to be a summary 
 and just exhibition of the fundamental doctrines of the Word of God. I 
 declare that I approve of the general principles of church-government 
 adopted by the Lutheran Church in this country, and believe them to be 
 consistent with the Word of God. And I do solemnly promise not to 
 teach anything, either directly or by insinuation, which shall appear to me 
 to contradict, or to be in any degree more or less remote, inconsistent 
 with the doctrines or principles avowed in this declaration. On the con- 
 trary, I promise, by the aid of God, to vindicate and inculcate these doc- 
 trines and principles, in opposition to the views of Atheists, Deists, Jews, 
 Socinians, Unitarians, Arians, Universalists, Pelagians, Antinomians, and 
 all other errorists, while I remain a professor in this Seminary.” What 
 is meant by “fundamental doctrines” or what these declarations imply 
 with reference to other Protestant Churches,—these are questions that did 
 not specifically arise at that time and if they had arisen they would have 
 been regarded as unimportant. The great contrast was between pious 
 evangelical Christians and “fundamental errorists.” 
 Schmucker was doubtless in entire accord with his friend, David F. 
 Schaeffer, when in delivering the charge at the inauguration in 1826, 
 Schaeffer said: “As the Lord has signally favoured our 
 At the Gettys- beloved church—as her tenets are Biblical, and her 
 burg Inaugural  veriest enemies cannot point out an important error in her 
 articles of faith, no more than could the enemies of the 
 truth at the Diet of Worms prove the books of the immortal reformer er- 
 roneous; therefore, the Church which entrusts you with the preparation and 
 formation of her pastors demands of you (and in her behalf I solemnly 
 charge you) to establish all students confided to your care in that faith 
 which distinguishes our Church from others. If any should object to 
 such faith, or any part of it, or refuse to be convinced of the excellence 
 of our discipline, they have their choice to unite with such of our Chris- 
 tian brethren whose particular views in matters of faith and discipline 
 may suit them better. I hold it, however, as indispensable for the peace 
 and welfare of a Church that unity of sentiment should prevail upon all 
 important matters of faith and discipline among its pastors. Hence, I 
 
 118 
 
THE CHIEF FOUNDER 
 
 charge you to exert yourself in convincing our students that the Augsburg 
 Confession is a safe directory to determine upon matters of faith, declared 
 in the Lamb’s Book. To a difference of opinion upon subjects of minor 
 importance, by which different denominations of Christians have been 
 brought into existence, we have no objection, provided the spirit of 
 Christ prevails. The visible Church is rather beautified by such difference, 
 as is a garden by flowers of variegated colours. But the different genera 
 and species should be preserved, according to their peculiar nature. The 
 right of private judgment Luther contended for, and hence the utmost 
 liberality towards others should ever characterize the pastor of the 
 Lutheran Church.” 
 
 Quite significant is the word “important” as it recurs in the first sentence 
 and again in the third, the word “directory” as applied to the Augsburg 
 Confession, and the minimizing of the differences among 
 
 “denominations of Christians.’ Schaeffer specifies the What Are 
 doctrine of Christ’s divinity and the doctrine of the Lutheran 
 atonement, and concludes: “These points are those in Essentia!s? 
 
 which believers of our Church chiefly delight, and 
 
 though others may differ from us in their views, yet you will ever remem- 
 ber that every minister of the gospel in the Evangelical Lutheran Church 
 must believe and teach that Jesus Christ is Jehovah, the true and essential 
 God, co-equal and co-eternal with the Father, and that He voluntarily 
 covenanted to come into this world in the form of a man to atone upon the 
 cross for the sins of the world.” And Schmucker’s only reference to the 
 distinctive doctrines of the Lutheran Church in his inaugural address is 
 in his conclusion where he expresses the hope that “God will raise up in 
 our institution a multitude of able and faithful laborers for His vineyard, 
 who shall preach with fidelity the grand doctrines of the mother church 
 of the Reformation.” 
 
 A suggestion as to the meaning of this distinction between “important 
 matters of faith’ and “subjects of minor importance,” between fundamental 
 and non-fundamental doctrines, is contained in the ‘Ad- 
 dress of the General Synod to the Evangelical Lutheran What Are 
 Church in the United States” which Schmucker wrote Fundamentals? 
 in 1823. Speaking of the government and discipline 
 of the Church, he says: “The principle which the General Synod con- 
 ceives to be taught in Scripture, and would recommend to the Church 
 at large, is this: that we should view with charity and treat with for- 
 bearance those who have fallen into an aberration of non-fundamental 
 importance either from the faith or the practice of the Bible and the 
 Augsburg Confession; and, on the other hand, that we are bound ‘not to 
 eat with a fornicator, or a covetous, or an idolator, or a railer, or a drunk- 
 ard, or an extortioner,’ but to ‘put away from among us such wicked per- 
 
 ile 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 sons,’ and that ‘a man that is an heretick’ who denies a fundamental doc- 
 trine, a doctrine essential to the Christian scheme, we are in like manner 
 bound ‘after the first and second admonition to reject.’”’ This reveals 
 the same general theological position that we have already noted: a funda- 
 mental doctrine is one ‘essential to the Christian scheme” and aberrations 
 on all other matters should be treated with forbearance. 
 More light on Schmucker’s views at this time may be gathered from a 
 written staement made by Dr. Schmucker in 1828 when he gave $1,000 to 
 establish a scholarship at the Seminary. In the terms of 
 Another the gift he provided that it should revert to his heirs “if 
 Statement at any future time (which may God. in_ mercy 
 prevent) this institution should become so_ perverted 
 that a belief in the doctrines of the eternal and proper divinity of Jesus 
 Christ, in the doctrine that the atonement is general, and in its nature 
 and design equally applicable and accessible to all, the universality of 
 divine aid or grace sufficient for salvation, and the real willingness of 
 God to save all men should no longer be required of the professors and 
 taught by them in reality.” 
 Three years after the Seminary began Dr. Schmucker had opportunity 
 to carry into effect another of his private resolutions of 1820, the one per- 
 taining to the Augsburg Confession. He was chairman 
 
 Augsburg of a committee in the General Synod to prepare a model 
 Confession Constitution for the government of district synods. Now 
 Introduced the General Synod in its original constitution had made 
 
 no mention of any Lutheran confessional writing. 
 This was only natural in view of the confessionless condition of the dis- 
 trict synods. But in the report of Schmucker’s committee adopted by 
 the General Synod in 1829, the candidates for licensure or ordination are 
 required by the district synods to declare their belief “that the fundamen- 
 tal doctrines of the Word of God are taught in a manner substantially 
 correct in the doctrinal articles of the Augsburg Confession.” This state- 
 ment accords precisely with all of Schmucker’s earlier positions. Vague 
 and indefinite as it would seem today, it was nevertheless at that time a 
 decided advance upon the preceding period and a distinct call to the dis- 
 trict synods to occupy higher confessional ground. The General Synod and 
 its Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and its Professor of Theology in 
 1830 could with truth be regarded as conservatizing Lutherans. In fact, 
 during the first twenty years of Dr. Schmucker’s incumbency at Gettys- 
 burg, objections were raised against him in certain quarters on the ground 
 that he was too Lutheran. 
 But time passed and changes came. Rapid developments within the 
 Church brought about an entirely different situation and called for a new 
 type of leadership. The new period may be characterized as one of denomi- 
 
 120 
 
THE CHIEF FOUNDER 
 
 national zeal and strong antitheses. The quickening evangelical impulse 
 that visited American Christianity during the first quarter of the nine- 
 teenth century and was carried by men like Schmucker 
 succeeded in overcoming the dominance of rationalism. |New Conditions 
 Then too the tendency towards unionism and co-operation Arise 
 among the American churches soon ran its natura! 
 course and long before the middle of the century bore its natural 
 fruit in divisions and sub-divisions. As the common enemies in skepticism 
 and immorality retreated, the unifying bonds among positive Christians 
 were loosened. Besides, after 1830, there was remarkable interest in the 
 study of Church history, particularly of denominational histories, and the 
 result was that loyalty to one’s own church once more came to be re- 
 garded as a virtue. Slowly the pendulum swung across to dogmatism in 
 religion and ethics. The human spirit became highly sensitive and com- 
 bative in all its interests. In politics it was sectionalism and it led to civil 
 war. In religion it was sectarianism and it led to denominational strife. 
 Not only did denominations compete and conflict with one another, but in 
 almost all of them there were also internal disruptions on all sorts of 
 theoretical and practical issues. 
 
 This general movement in American Christianity towards denominational 
 conservatism and the sharpening of ecclesiastical antitheses had its signifi- 
 cant parallel in European Christianity. In the Roman 
 
 Catholic Church under Jesuit direction events were mov- General 
 ing towards the Immaculate Conception dogma of 1854, Ecclesiastical 
 and this was the stepping-stone for the Papal Infallibil- Conservatism 
 
 ity dogma of 1870. The Anglican Church had _ its 
 
 Tractarian Movement. In Germany there was a revival of orthodox 
 Lutheran zeal in opposition to the Prussian Union and rationalistic State 
 churches. It was a time of general commotion throughout Christendom. 
 Everywhere party spirit was aroused and divisions resulted. 
 
 The Lutheran Church of America, in accord with the general trend of 
 events, made a rapid transition from the general laxity and indifferentism 
 of the early nineteenth century to a vigorous denomi- 
 national consciousness. It began in the fourth or fifth Rapid 
 decade. The new vigor imparted to all American Transition 
 Christianity by the religious movement earlier in the cen- 
 tury had made its impression also on Lutherans. Then, too, the rising genera- 
 tion began to study anew the splendid history and the confessional writings of 
 the Lutheran Church. Moreover, large numbers of rigid confessionalists 
 arrived from Germany and the Scandinavian lands. Most of these formed 
 their own Lutheran organizations in America and with tongue and pen 
 helped to point the way back to historic Lutheranism. A few found their 
 way into the older synods and there made vigorous contribution of loyal 
 
 121 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Lutheran spirit. There sprang up a large literature fairly bristling with 
 Lutheran orthodoxy. Everywhere staunch advocates of “Old Lutheran- 
 ism” arose. Conservative principles spread like a contagion and the rising 
 generation of ministers soon were affected. Such were the changes that 
 what had been regarded from 1820 to 1845 as conservatizing Lutheranism 
 came to be regarded not long after the middle of the century as indefinite, 
 over-liberal, and un-Lutheran. The transition to conservative Lutheran- 
 ism was so rapid as to leave certain sections of the General Synod behind. 
 The result was a sharp antithesis and much controversy among Lutherans 
 of Muhlenberg descent and finally the disruption of the General Synod 
 itself. In this antithesis the founder of the Gettysburg Seminary was 
 involved and the controversy influenced profoundly the course of events 
 
 at the institution. : 
 Dr. Schmucker was one of those who did not yield to the rising tide 
 of confessional Lutheranism. Through all the rapid changes in the Church 
 he remained constant. This was due to the steadfastness 
 
 Schmucker of his inmost character. His convictions, as we have 
 Refuses to seen, were settled early in life. Through constant ex- 
 Change pression and repeated enforcement they were made a 
 
 part of his very self and so became impervious to any 
 change in external surroundings or any shift in the trend of events. It is 
 true that during the years of his training, his surroundings, as a matter of 
 course and without his knowing it, exerted considerable influence on his 
 views both in theology and in ethics. While his Lutheran consciousness 
 and his zeal for his own Church easily predominated, yet Puritanism, 
 Methodism, Presbyterianism, and other factors in the environment of his 
 early youth, all made contributions to his intellectual and his personal 
 make-up. But once his ideas were settled, they were hard to change. His 
 fixity of character, his imperturbability of spirit, his native tendency to 
 dignified reserve, would not permit him to be swept off his feet. He had 
 early learned to reprobate the spirit of the times and scorned any con- 
 cessions to popular clamor. His unflinching determination in pursuing 
 a straightforward course made it out of the question for him to bend and 
 go with the current and to follow what in the light of a century’s history 
 we must regard as a logically necessary development. Such a change in 
 his views he himself would have regarded as unethical. It was psycho- 
 logically impossible for him to change his tack with the shifting of the 
 winds. He preferred to sail in the teeth of a high breeze. Naturally, he 
 encountered strong cross currents. 
 
 As we have noted, he was concerned only about positive evangelical 
 Christianity. His interest centered in fervent piety and practical benevol- 
 ence, and his chief talent was executive. It was not to be expected, there- 
 fore, that he would take a prominent part in the confessional development. 
 
 122 
 
THE CHIEF FOUNDER 
 
 Accustomed to lead from his early youth he continued to be a good leader 
 so long as he could maintain his leadership. By the same token he was a 
 poor follower, temperamentally unable to adapt himself 
 
 and his views to the trend of the times. Over and over Always the 
 again, in writings that belong to all parts of his long Same 
 career, we find him expressing precisely the same views 
 
 that we have found him expressing in the twenties. 
 
 Such being the case, the actual course of events in the Church after 
 about 1845 brought Dr. Schmucker into a new light. In this his Seminary 
 was also to a certain extent involved. With the growth 
 of confessional elements in the General Synod it was Appears ina 
 felt by many that the doctrinal basis of that body, as New Light 
 implied in its model constitution for district synods, 
 was too indefinite. What is meant by “fundamental doctrines of 
 the Word of God”? What is meant by “substantially correct”? What is 
 meant by “the Doctrinal Articles of the Augsburg Confession”? Efforts 
 were made at more precise definition. In this effort two distinct parties 
 were developed and violent controversy raged for many years. The one 
 party was called “American Lutherans,” the other “Old Lutherans.” Dr. 
 Schmucker was the chief leader of the “American Lutherans.” 
 
 The position of the “American Lutherans” was that personal piety and 
 evangelistic methods are the chief things. They deprecated denominational 
 exclusiveness and minimized the importance of confes- 
 
 sional subscription. They stoutly maintained Schmuck- Leader of 
 er’s old distinction between the fundamental and non- “American 
 fundamental doctrines of the Word of God, and they Lutherans” 
 
 were prepared to show in detail that on non-fundamental 
 doctrines the Augsburg Confession does contain positive errors. They 
 also emphasized Americanism. They were strongly repelled by the sharp 
 polemics of the Missouri, Iowa and Buffalo Synods. Their contact with 
 the anti-religious element among the German immigrants, particularly those 
 who came in the revolutionary periods, persuaded them that a Lutheranism 
 imported from Germany needed to be strongly modified by home-made 
 practices and creeds before it could be expected to flourish in America. 
 These views are precisely the views of Schmucker during the first ten 
 years of his ministry, except that they are now not merely implicit but 
 explicit. They are now no longer set in antithesis to unionism and ration- 
 alism and irreligion but in antithesis to symbolism and formalism and dead 
 orthodoxy. Some of Schmucker’s most vigorous writings belong to this 
 controversial period. Such are his “Religion of Forms and of the Spirit,” 
 “The Lutheran Manual on Scriptural Principles,” “Vindication of Ameri- 
 can Lutheranism,” and “The New Theology Examined.” 
 
 But the party of “Old Lutherans” grew steadily stronger. They took 
 
 123 
 
HISTORY? OF GED YSBURG .or MIN, 
 
 ean aggressive attitude. The Lutheran confessions were translated and 
 circulated and studied. Papers and magazines were established to feed 
 the appetite for positive Lutheranism. Before 1850 the 
 
 Loses Leader- conservative party was clearly in a majority in the Gen- 
 ship in General eral Synod. This only stirred the other party to greater 
 Synod zeal. Answering the demand for greater definiteness as 
 
 to the doctrinal basis of the General Synod the “Ameri- 
 can Lutherans” tried repeatedly to prepare an abstract of the 
 doctrines and practices of the Church that might prove acceptable and 
 correct misrepresentations. One of these efforts was made at the meeting 
 of the General Synod in 1850. A committee was appointed with Dr. 
 Schmucker as chairman to frame “a clear and concise view of the doc- 
 trines and practices of the American Lutheran Church.” The report of 
 the committee presented a modified or “American Lutheranism” and omit- 
 ted all distinctive Lutheran teachings. The report was decisively rejected 
 by the General Synod, and it was clear that the General Synod no longer 
 followed Dr. Schmucker’s lead. That was because the General Synod had 
 changed. / 
 Meanwhile the Lutheran Church in general had continued to move in 
 the direction of a stricter confessional basis. The old Pennsylvania Minis- 
 terium had made rapid confessional strides in a single 
 The Definite decade and had now come to “acknowledge the collec- 
 Platform tive body of symbolical books as the historico-confes- 
 sional writings of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.” In 
 1853 this body, after an absence of thirty years from the General Synod, ap- 
 plied for readmission to that body and was received. At the same time several 
 other conservative synods came in. The advocates of “American Luther- 
 anism” now made their last stand against the changing spirit of the Church. 
 They made another effort to standardize the interpretation of the General 
 Synod’s doctrinal basis. This was a document that came from Dr. 
 Schmucker’s pen, though it was published and circulated anonymously. It 
 was called the “Definite Synodical Platform” and appeared in 1855. It 
 was a revision of the Augsburg Confession, and the synods were urged to 
 adopt it as their confessional basis. It claimed to find a number of errors 
 in the Augsburg Confession, and these it specified as follows: the approval 
 of the mass, private confession and absolution, denial of the divine obliga- 
 tion of the Sabbath, baptismal regeneration, and the real presence of 
 Christ’s body and blood in the Lord’s Supper. The articles containing 
 these “errors” were either to be modified or omitted. The “definite plat- 
 form” claimed to be in accord with the General Synod’s basis because it 
 did not omit any “fundamental doctrine of Scripture.” 
 This document was decisively rejected almost everywhere. It was the 
 greatest tactical blunder Dr. Schmucker ever made. The total effect of 
 
 124 
 
THE CHIEF FOUNDER 
 
 its appearance was greatly to stimulate the reaction towards the Lutheran 
 Confessions. “American Lutheranism” was thus definitely defeated, and 
 after the incident of the “definite platform” the influ- 
 
 - ence of its advocates waned rapidly. It was clear that The Platform 
 the Lutheran Church could not be turned back to the Rejected 
 days of 1820 or 1829. 
 
 In the literary deposit of this controvery over the confessional changes 
 in the Church we have the fullest and clearest expression of Schmucker’s 
 theological position on individual doctrines.. The mate- 
 rials are found in the columns of the Lutheran Observer, Some of His 
 the pages of the Evangelical Review, special volumes, Views 
 and occasional discourses. In the main his doctrinal 
 teachings are those that he had set forth already in 1834 in the first 
 of the nine editions of his “Elements of Popular Theology.” Only now 
 they are more explicitly avowed as his own and more sharply defined. On 
 the Lord’s Supper he declares that “there is no real or actual presence of 
 the glorified human nature of the Saviour, either substantial or influential, 
 nor anything mysterious or super-natural in the Eucharist.” (Popular 
 Theology, fifth edition, page 303), (Lutheran Church in America, page 
 153). This view, which is really lower than the Zwinglian, had been 
 held by practically all the theologians of America, Lutheran and Reformed, 
 until nearly the middle of the century. On the doctrines of original sin 
 and the freedom of the will his views were distinctly Pelagianizing, and 
 this influenced somewhat his positions on regeneration and _ sanctification. 
 As to the Person of Christ he virtually abandoned the Lutheran doctrine 
 of communicatio idiomatum by the superficial interpretation that ‘the 
 Divinity was conceived and brought forth by the frail mortal, the Virgin 
 Mary.” Schmucker would have denied very stoutly the presence of even 
 the slightest rationalistic influence in his theology, but today it is easy to 
 see that it was there, a lingering taint of the transition times in which he 
 had been educated. 
 
 The new light in which Dr. Schmucker was placed by the swift doctrinal 
 changes in the Church reflected somewhat on the institution of which he 
 was the head. While his colleagues in the faculty did 
 not share his views, yet he continued to be the most in- Effect on the 
 fluential professor and the Seminary at Gettysburg to- _ Seminary 
 gether with its daughter institution, the Seminary at 
 Springfield, Ohio, under the presidency of Dr. Sprecher, a pupil and 
 brother-in-law of Dr. Schmucker, were known as the chief training camps 
 for “American Lutherans.” Those who were concerned about fostering 
 confessional Lutheranism began to hope that the conservative elements 
 at Gettysburg would overshadow Dr. Schmucker and some began to speak 
 of establishing a new Seminary. In 1849 The Evangelical Review was 
 
 25 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 established at Gettysburg as the organ of the conservative wing in the 
 General Synod and in 1851 Dr. Krauth, Sr., a colleague of Dr. Schmucker, 
 became its editor. The students and alumni were divided, some adhering 
 to the positions of Dr. Schmucker, others following the line of develop- 
 ment towards higher confessional ground. Notable among the latter were 
 Charlies Porterfield Krauth and Beale M. Schmucker, both of them sons of 
 the Gettysburg professors. 
 The gain was constantly upon; the conservative side. In 1856 Dr. C. F. 
 Schaeffer, by nomination of the Pennsylvania Ministerium, began his work 
 as professor in the College and Seminary at Gettysburg. 
 Schmucker Dr. Schaeffer was a brother-in-law of Dr. Schmucker 
 Resigns but he took advanced confessional ground and his the- 
 ological position on the points in controversy was di- 
 rectly antagonistic to that of the head professor, though personalities were 
 carefully excluded from the Seminary. Then, as Dr. Schmucker con- 
 tinued to defend his positions, impeachment proceedings were begun against 
 him in the Board of Directors. These proceedings were arrested by the 
 intervention of the younger Krauth. But it was clear now that neither 
 the Board of Directors, nor the Faculty, nor the students and alumni of 
 the Seminary would any longer follow the lead of the worthy founder of 
 the institution. The realization of this brought from Dr. Schmucker his 
 resignation as professor when he was only sixty-five years old. Coin- 
 cident with his resignation the General Synod suffered a very serious 
 breach in its ranks and a rival seminary was established in Philadelphia. 
 When Dr. Schmucker resigned his post, at the Seminary he took partic- 
 ular pains to make clear that he had been faithful to his professorial oath 
 as taken in 1826 and that his theological position had 
 His Theology not changed. Vindicating his straightforward conduct, 
 Unchanged he says in his letter of resignation: “The Constitution 
 of the Seminary, which was adopted at the commence- 
 ment of the Institution, has continued to direct all its operations till this 
 day. All its provisions have been carefully attended to. Its doctrinal 
 tests have been stated repeatedly before the Board by all the professors, 
 and I am happy here to record the declaration that I approve of them all 
 at present, as when I framed and first took them. The text book, viz., my 
 Popular Theology, which grew out of my lectures on dogmatics during 
 the first few years, has been retained till this day as the basis of my in- 
 structions, without the change of a single doctrine; and I record the addi- 
 tional declaration, that I this day cordially believe every doctrine taught 
 in the entire volume. These facts I state in justice to the Institution and 
 myself, and in view of the future history of the Institution and the 
 Church.” In this statement Dr. Schmucker was not only profoundly sin- 
 cere but also, as we have seen, altogether truthful. 
 
 126 
 
THE CHIEF FOUNDER 
 
 But during the thirty-eight years of Dr. Schmucker’s administration at 
 the Seminary the situation in the Lutheran Church at large had changed 
 enormously. These changes applied not only to the con- 
 fessional position of the Church but even more to her Great Change 
 size and constituency. In 1826 there were about 40,000 in Conditions 
 members of Lutheran churches in America. In 1864 
 the number was about 300,000. During that period the number of pastors 
 had increased from about 180 to more than 1,600. The number of synods 
 in 1826 was seven while in 1864 there were 27 synods in the General Synod 
 alone. There was much greater divergence in language and _ national 
 origins. The day had long passed when one seminary could meet the 
 needs of the Lutheran Church in America and in 1864 there were eight 
 Lutheran seminaries and five Lutheran colleges in the land. From the 
 nature of the case this meant a decline in the relative influence of the 
 Gettysburg Seminary and a decline from the solitary leadership of its 
 founder in the Church as a whole. 
 
 Psychologically also, Dr. Schmucker’s changing relation to the Church 
 may be explained. Having assumed such serious responsibilities and such 
 high positions of leadership while as yet barely out of 
 his teens, and having crowded such a great variety of Schmucker 
 activities into his life without relaxation or vacations, it Inflexible 
 is comprehensible that he should pass his prime and 
 cease to be flexible at a somewhat earlier age than most men. Moreover, 
 with the swiftly changing size and temper of the Church to which he be- 
 longed, it was not to be expected that his sole leadership would remain 
 unchallenged through the entire half-century of his active career. 
 
 For more than a quarter of a century the chief founder of the Gettys- 
 burg Seminary was the undisputed leader in the Church, and for twenty 
 years more he served his beloved Zion in many capaci- 
 ties. His multiform services during that period make - A General 
 him easily the outstanding Lutheran of our country in Estimate 
 his generation and he was more widely known outside 
 the pale of the Lutheran Church than any other person inside it. To this 
 day he ranks with Muhlenberg and Walther and Krauth in the quartet 
 of the most eminent personalities produced by the Lutheran Church in 
 America. 
 
 127 
 
CHAP EER Ix 
 FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY, 1826-1846 
 
 We have seen how humbly the Seminary began in September, 1826. It 
 had no buildings or other property. It had less than $1,700 in cash. It 
 began with only one professor and eight students. There 
 Humble was indeed a worthy nucleus of a library. But the chief 
 Beginnings assets of the infant institution must be found in the 
 ability and zeal of its lone professor and in the loy- 
 alty and enthusiasm of its many friends. These spiritual resources .were 
 fountains of immeasurable wealth to the new Seminary, and under the bless- 
 ing of God they soon lifted the little school of the prophets to a position of 
 great influence and usefulness in the Church. 
 A few months after the Professor had been installed 
 Incorporation he proceeded on the authority of the Board of Directors 
 to secure articles of incorporation from the Legislature 
 of Pennsylvania. In addition to the usual specifications of such articles the 
 act designated as the official title of the institution “The Theological Sem- 
 inary of the General Synod of the 
 Evangelical Lutheran Church in 
 the United States,” and stipulated 
 that the corporation should be man- 
 aged by a Board of Directors 
 elected by the several contributing 
 synods of the General Synod, no 
 synod to have less than five nor 
 more than fourteen representatives 
 on the Board and the yearly in- 
 come of the institution never to 
 exceed six thousand dollars. Under 
 this act the Board of Directors organized in May, 1827, and the Seminary 
 became a legal corporation. The infant institution thus formally registered 
 its intention of becoming an abiding citizen in the commonwealth of Ameri- 
 can institutions. 
 Meanwhile also steps had been taken to introduce the new institution to 
 the general public. Advance announcements of the in- 
 Measures for stallation of the Professor and the beginning of the 
 Publicity Seminary had been circulated widely during the summer 
 of 1826 through paid advertisements in city and rural 
 newspapers. Immediately after the inauguration exercises in September, 
 
 128 
 
 
 
 THE CRADLE OF THE SEMINARY 
 
PROM AINFANCY, TO MATURITY 
 
 1826, the Board of Directors had taken further measures for adequate pub- 
 licity. The inaugural addresses, together with a brief account of the 
 origin of the Seminary, were published in the Lutheran Intelligencer, the 
 only Lutheran magazine in English at that time. These documents were 
 also issued in pamphlet form. Thirty-five hundred copies of them, some in 
 English and some in German, were published and distributed among the 
 Lutheran synods from New York to Georgia. The impression made on the 
 Church was at once deep and favorable, and encouraging promises of sup- 
 port began to come in from various quarters. Several hundred copies of 
 the pamphlet were distributed also outside of Lutheran ranks and many 
 felicitations from men of other communions were extended. The hearty 
 response that came from people far beyond the ranks of the General Synod 
 itself was profoundly gratifying to the founders of the infant institution 
 and served to allay the lurking apprehensions of some of the members of 
 the Board concerning the success of the undertaking. 
 
 While the soil was thus being prepared for a favorable reception to the 
 soliciting agents of the Seminary among the Lutherans 
 of America, encouraging reports were also coming from Kurtz Leaves 
 the General Synod’s commissioner to Europe. This was for Europe 
 Dr. Benjamin Kurtz, of Hagerstown. He had left 
 his congregations in charge of J. F. Ruthrauff and Jacob Medtart 
 and had sailed for Europe on April 1, 1826, 
 shortly after the first meeting of the Board 
 of Directors and before the institution itself 
 had begun. He was equipped with ample testi-" 
 monials from the president and secretary of 
 the General Synod and with glowing creden- 
 tials from the most prominent men in the 
 Lutheran Church and from such high officials 
 of State as Senator Henry Clay, Governor 
 John Andrew Schulze of Pennsylvania, Secre- 
 tary of State James Trimble, of Pennsylvania; 
 Judge Bucher, of Harrisburg, and the Honor- 
 able John Gill, of Baltimore. His commission 
 was to solicit funds and books for the Gettys- 
 burg Seminary. 
 
 The idea of sending an agent to Europe was probably suggested by the 
 very gratifying success that had attended similar enterprises on the part of 
 the Roman Catholics and the German Reformed. In 1820 
 Bishop Dubourg, of Louisiana, had sent Abbot Inglesi The Example 
 to Italy to canvass on behalf of missionary institutions of Others 
 in his diocese. His receipts totaled more than $30,000. 
 
 Then in May, 1825, as the German Reformed were about to es- 
 tablish their theological seminary at Carlisle under Professor Lewis Maier, 
 
 129 
 
 
 
 BENJAMIN KuwurRTZ 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 they had sent one of their pastors, Rev. James R. Reily, to solicit funds in 
 Holland, Switzerland, the Rhine Valley and North Germany. Reily was 
 at that time a neighbor of Dr. Kurtz in Hagerstown. His trip to Europe 
 had also proved successful. With a larger field in Europe from which to 
 solicit aid, it was only natural that the General Synod of the Lutheran 
 Church should follow the example of their Reformed neighbors and dis- 
 patch a messenger across the Atlantic. Dr. Kurtz had been an able second 
 to Dr. Schmucker in bringing the Seminary project to realization, and he 
 was well qualified for the European mission. 
 
 In London Dr. Kurtz was kindly received by Dr. 
 
 me eeea Steinkopf, pastor of the (Savoy) German Lutheran 
 ort Crm airy, congregation there. A donation of $75 was made to the 
 and Denmark Seminary by the London congregation and_ several 
 
 smaller contributions were received from individuals. But government off- 
 cials in London did not look favorably upon Dr. Kurtz’s work of solicita- 
 tion for the American institution, and he soon departed for the continent, 
 which was to be the chief field of his quest. First he visited the cities of 
 Northern Germany: Hamburg, Bremen, Lubeck and Kiel. The newspapers 
 announced his arrival and his mission. The ministers opened their pulpits 
 to him and the congregations made liberal contributions. At the University 
 of Kiel the students made up a purse for the new Seminary. So cordial 
 was the response to Dr. Kurtz’s appeal that the Board of Directors in 
 session at Gettysburg in September requested him not to return that fall, as 
 he had planned, but to extend his journey even to Denmark and Sweden 
 if expedient. This he did. At Copenhagen the king and queen granted 
 him an audience, made a contribution to the Seminary, and ordered col- 
 lections to be received in the churches. In Sweden also he was well re- 
 ceived. In the Lutheran cities of Russia, such as Riga and Dorpat, and 
 even in St. Petersburg substantial contributions were made. 
 Dr. Kurtz reached Berlin shortly after Christmas 
 In Berlin and there he spent nearly two months. Dr. Neander, the 
 celebrated church historian, took great interest in his 
 project and helped to enlist the support of a large number of influential men 
 both in civil and ecclesiastical circles of Berlin. Organizations were formed 
 among women to prepare articles of needlework to be sold for the benefit 
 of the Lutheran Seminary in America. During Kurtz’s stay in Berlin 
 $2,000 was dispatched to Gettysburg. ; 
 Meanwhile the ground had been prepared for further 
 German solicitation in Germany. Dr. A. D. C. Twesten, a young 
 Publicity professor of theology at Kiel University, had written 
 a pamphlet of seventy-two pages introducing Dr. Kurtz 
 to the Lutherans of Germany and setting forth the claims of the American 
 Lutheran Church and in particular the need for the Gettysburg Seminary. 
 The pamphlet was entitled: “Information Respecting the Contemplated 
 
 130 
 
FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 
 
 Theological Seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, to be Erected 
 at Gettysburg, Pa., North American Free States, Together with a Trans- 
 lation of the Statutes of the Seminary. By Dr. A. D. C. Twesten, Pro- 
 fessor of Theology and Philosophy in the University of Kiel.” Twesten 
 based his arguments upon the German character of the new Seminary. He 
 maintained that without German theological seminaries or other German 
 institutions of higher learning the German language could not be maintained 
 in America and if that language should die out the Lutheran Church would 
 perish. Dr. Twesten also published the entire constitution of the Seminary 
 in his pamphlet and then apologized for what he called “the anxious ad- 
 herence to the doctrines of the Augsburg Confession.” But the pamphlet 
 was widely circulated and was a great help to Kurtz in advocating his 
 mission. 
 
 Another pamphlet, composite in authorship, but edited by Dr. de Wette, 
 of Basel, and containing forty pages, was published in Berlin and this also 
 served to plead the cause of the Seminary before the Lutheran churches of 
 Germany. This extensive advertising, together with the publicity received 
 through the Church papers and through royal patronage, paved the way 
 for a successful mission. 
 
 In the Luther town of Wittenberg the representative of Gettysburg 
 received one hundred dollars. In the Moravian settlement at Herrnhut also 
 a considerable sum was placed in his hands. In Leipsic 
 Professor Tzschirner championed his mission. At Halle In Central 
 it was Chancellor Niemeyer. Everywhere his letters of Germany 
 introduction gained him ready access to influential men. 
 
 The commissioner to Germany was not entirely without opposition there. 
 A writer who styled himself “An American Citizen” published an article 
 in the public press of Berlin strongly urging the Luth- 
 erans to make no contributions to the funds of the Some 
 new Seminary. He argued that the project was meet- Opposition 
 ing with widespread opposition among the Lutherans of 
 America, else they could easily endow the institution without appealing to 
 Europeans. He also claimed that the new institution would do nothing to 
 maintain the German language and German thought in America. To this 
 Dr. Kurtz made satisfactory reply in a series of articles published in a 
 Leipsic paper. The success of his mission continued unabated. 
 
 Dr. Kurtz visited practically every part of Germany and preached in 
 every considerable Lutheran city. He was an eloquent preacher and pre- 
 sented his cause with great skill. His representations 
 concerning America in general and concerning the Kurtz Well 
 American Church in particular aroused deep interest. No Received 
 private citizen could have received more courteous treat- 
 ment. His presence was courted by widely different circles. He was welcomed 
 
 131 
 
HISTORY QE GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 into the homes of the nobility and into the palaces of royalty. The letters 
 that he sent for publication in The Lutheran Intelligencer afford many in- 
 teresting sidelights on the conditions of the day. His preaching was at- 
 tended by multitudes, sometimes as many as five thousand. At Dresden 
 he had a conference with Pastor Martin Stephan, of St. John’s Lutheran 
 Church in Pirna, one of the suburbs of Dresden. This Stephan ten years 
 later became the leader of the Saxon emigrants to Perry County, Missouri, 
 where they became the first nucleus of the Missouri Synod. Stephan at 
 first thought of going to Australia, but his conference and subsequent cor- 
 respondence with Dr. Kurtz directed his thoughts to North America. When 
 he was minded to lead his colony to Virginia, Dr. Kurtz dissuaded him 
 from it because Virginia was a slave state. It would be interesting to spec- 
 ulate how very different might have been the developments at Gettysburg 
 and the history of the American Lutheran Church in general if those whom 
 we now know as “Missouri Lutherans” had centered in the same part of 
 the country as Kurtz and Schmucker. 
 Altogether Dr. Kurtz spent twenty-two months on 
 Funds Received his European mission. Returning to America in Jan- 
 uary, 1828, he was able to report that $12,000 had been 
 subscribed and of this amount $10,000 was collected. Judged by the stand- 
 ards of those days, this was a very substantial sum. 
 Even more important than the generous sum of 
 Books for the money was the handsome collection of books for the 
 Library Seminary Library. Five thousand volumes Dr. Kurtz 
 had secured and brought with him, though not all of 
 them were of much value to theological students and professors of that 
 period. This together with the thousand or more volumes which Dr. 
 Schmucker had gathered in America made the library at Gettysburg the 
 largest of all the theological seminary libraries in this country at that 
 time. It embraced a fine collection of works in the Latin and Greek 
 classics and a few authors in French. More of the books were in Eng- 
 lish, particularly those gathered by Dr. Schmucker. But the great major- 
 ity of the collection was in the German language. The books covered 
 chiefly the subjects of homiletics, exegesis and systematic theology. 
 These donations were highly prized by the founders 
 Americans of the Seminary. They were valued not only for their 
 Grateful intrinsic worth to the infant institution but also for 
 their concrete expression of sympathy and co-operation 
 on the part of the brethren in the home of Lutheran learning. The Luth- 
 erans of America were properly grateful for these benefactions on the part 
 of their brethren in the Fatherland. The General Synod in 1827 appointed 
 a special committee, with Dr. Schmucker as chairman, to address a letter 
 of thanks to the brethren in Europe “for the distinguished liberality which 
 they have evinced in behalf of our Theological Seminary and the affection 
 
 132 
 
FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 
 
 which they have displayed towards the Lutheran Church in the United 
 States.” The Seminary Board expressed its gratitude by resolving to give 
 particular attention to the German language in the curriculum of the insti- 
 tution. 
 
 Besides the direct proceeds of Dr. Kurtz’s European trip there were also 
 several valuable by-products. The Church in America renewed its acquain- 
 tance with the Church in Germany. The bonds of 
 brotherly love were re-established. The correspondence Other Results 
 with the European fathers that had flourished so vigor- of Kurtz’s Trip 
 ously in the days of Muhlenberg and Helmuth and 
 Schmidt was restored, though now it was the correspondence of brethren 
 with one another rather than that of children with the fathers. The General 
 Synod appointed its well-known Standing Committee on Foreign Corres- 
 pondence and for a long time an epistolary fellowship was cultivated. For a 
 few years the Seminary at Gettysburg reaped some benefits from this condi- 
 tion. In 1829 Dr. Kurtz could write: ‘Nearly every arrival from Amster- 
 dam, Bremen and Hamburg, at the port of Baltimore, affords us most 
 joyful proof of the continuance of their liberality.” Several hundreds of 
 dollars and perhaps a thousand additional books came in this way. But this 
 stream of benevolence soon dried up, and from the beginning it was evident 
 that the chief source of support for the Seminary must be found among 
 the Lutherans of America. 
 
 The Lutherans of America were fully alive to their responsibility for 
 the new-born Seminary. The founders of the institution, as we have seen, 
 did not limit themselves to the General Synod for their 
 constituency, but regarded the entire country as a field General Favor 
 from which to solicit support, and the support that the in America 
 school actually received during these early years, in funds 
 and in students, came from all sections of the Church. The large and in- 
 fluential Ministerium of Pennsylvania, though not a member of the Gen- 
 eral Synod at that time, did not withhold its interest and co-operation. 
 Some of the congregations absolutely refused to co-operate and a few of 
 the strong personalities actually opposed the new school. This was because 
 of its location, because it was not exclusively German, and because of the 
 youth and educational background of its professor. But the opposition in 
 the old Ministerium was by no means general. The Professor-elect had 
 been cordially received when he made his collecting tour east of the Sus- 
 quehanna in the summer of 1826, and his experience in this respect was 
 repeated several times during the next decade. So that Dr. Schmucker 
 writing in 1841 about the General Synod and its work in establishing a 
 Seminary could say: “Much might be said of the honorable manner in 
 which the greater part of the brethren and churches in East Pennsylvania 
 and elsewhere, whilst yielding to the prejudices of the weaker members [in 
 withdrawing from the General Synod], yet continued to afford their sub- 
 
 133 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 stantial and increasing aid to every good work undertaken by this Synod, 
 so that much credit for what has been achieved is justly due to their co- 
 operation.” 
 The first problem of the new institution after its birth was to secure 
 the necessaries of life in the form of further funds. Many hands were 
 applied to the task. In addition to the territorial agents 
 Solicitors in appointed by the General Synod in 1825, the Board of 
 the Field Directors at their meeting in September, 1826, appointed 
 two men as “general solicitors for the Seminary.” 
 These were Rev. John Herbst, of Gettysburg, and Rev. Benjamin Keller, 
 of Carlisle. The next year Rev. Daniel J. Hauer was appointed. From 
 time to time others were appointed as official representatives of the Board 
 to canvass designated sections of the Church. Such were the venerable 
 J. F. Ruthrauff, of Greencastle, and his son, Frederick; Rev. Charles G. 
 Weyl, of the class that entered in 1827; Mr. N. R. Sharretts, of the pre- 
 ceding class; Mr. Witmer, for Adams County; Mr. Samuel H. Buehler, 
 for Gettysburg; Revs. D. F. Schaeffer, Abraham Reck and J. Scherer, for 
 sections in the South, and Messrs. Ulrich, Ernst, Goertner, Hartman, Koh- 
 ler, Weiser, Heilig, Young and Hoffman, for various other sections. 
 Some of these agents were very successful. For example, Mr. Weyl, who 
 canvassed chiefly in Lancaster County, could report after six months of 
 work that he had collected over six thousand dollars in cash and sub- 
 scriptions. The agency of Rev. William Heilig in eastern Pennsylvania 
 in 1840 and 1841 was also successful. _Rev. Dr. J. G. Schmucker, presi- 
 dent of the Board, was very zealous on behalf of the Seminary and gath- 
 ered considerable sums in York and vicinity. Other solicitors were not so 
 successful. The subscriptions they secured were small and often hard to 
 collect, and in a few cases it was difficult and even impossible for the treas- 
 urer of the Seminary to secure the funds actually paid into the hands of 
 the agents. But at least their efforts had the effect of making the Sem- 
 inary known in the Church. 
 The friends of the Seminary, particularly the mem- 
 Directors and bers of the Board of Directors, used every possible 
 Students Help opportunity to urge the support of the institution upon 
 the people of the Church. The pages of the Lutheran 
 Intelligencer and afterwards the Lutheran Observer presented frequent 
 appeals on behalf of the new school. The students at the Seminary also 
 manifested praiseworthy zeal on behalf of their institution and many of 
 them as they went on their vacations carried credentials as collectors and 
 helped to increase the funds of the Seminary. Repeatedly the thanks of 
 the Board were extended to them for their volunteer services along these 
 lines. They were particularly active in trying to sell the folio engravings 
 of Luther of which Dr. Kurtz had received three thousand copies while 
 
 134 
 
FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 
 
 he was in Europe. Later on, large photogravures of scenes from the 
 Reformation were sold in this same way. 
 
 Naturally the chief work in securing the funds necessary to maintain 
 and develop the Seminary devolved on Dr. Schmucker. We have seen that 
 even before the Seminary had opened he spent the 
 summer of 1826 canvassing various congregations for Schmucker the 
 funds. Despite his meager salary as professor, he Chief Agent 
 himself set a good example of liberality in 1828 
 by contributing one thousand dollars, to be paid in ten annual installments, 
 to endow a scholarship for indigent students. Members of the Board of 
 Directors made generous donations from their own funds and secured con- 
 tributions from the members of their churches. Much of his time in the 
 interims between the sessions of the school Dr. Schmucker spent on col- 
 lecting tours. He solicited for three accounts: endowment, current ex- 
 penses, and support of students (7. ¢., scholarship funds). He did most of 
 this work in the.large cities, Philadelphia, New York and Baltimore. Sevy- 
 eral times he went as far as Boston. Everywhere he met with gratifying 
 success. 
 
 Dr. Schmucker’s chief appeal was directed, as a matter of course, to 
 members of the Lutheran Church and he writes concerning them: “I found 
 them to be wealthy, liberal and generous people.” His 
 success was due in no small measure to the hearty co- Funds from 
 operation of the local Lutheran pastors. But he had Non-Lutherans 
 extensive acquaintance also with influential pastors of 
 other denominations and thus secured entré for his appeal to many individ- 
 uals and congregations not Lutheran. When the Seminary was ten years old 
 Dr. Schmucker at the request of the Directors made a special effort to secure 
 funds to liquidate the debt on the building and to endow the second pro- 
 fessorship. He spent more than three months in the field soliciting sub- 
 scriptions. Nearly all of the time was spent in Philadelphia, New York 
 and Boston. He was able to report subscriptions aggregating nearly 
 $14,000. Of this amount about $10,000 was afterwards collected. Much 
 of this came from wealthy Presbyterian and Congregational churches. Dr. 
 Schmucker had influential friends in New England. In Boston alone, where 
 there was practically no Lutheran constituency, one-fourth of the $10,000 
 was collected. In New York City the amount collected was $5,445, and 
 Dr. Schmucker expressly stated in his report that all of this was obtained 
 in the churches of the New School Presbyterians. Moreover, Dr. 
 Schmucker was well known as an active participant in the great national 
 organizations of religious and benevolent character, and so he was able to 
 secure funds from the American Education Society for the support of 
 beneficiary students at Gettysburg. Among the earliest contributions from 
 any source was a fund of fifty dollars that had been gathered among the 
 Moravians of North Carolina. Altogether, the direct appeals of Dr. 
 
 135 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Schmucker brought to the young institution something over thirty thousand 
 dollars in the first twenty years. 
 The cause was also kept prominently before the eyes 
 Before the . of the district synods and the General Synod. Reports 
 Synods of the Seminary’s status were received with: enthusiasm 
 and embodied in the minutes, offerings were often re- 
 ceived on the floor of the synods, and as early as 1840 some of the synods 
 resolved to pay from their synodical treasuries a sum equal to an average 
 of five dollars for each pastor in the synod. The chief agents in main- 
 taining this touch between the Seminary and the synods were the members 
 of the Seminary Board. 
 When the Seminary was only two years old it began to receive help also 
 from societies of beneficiary education. In 1828 the Maryland Synod or- 
 ganized “The Parent Domestic Missionary and Educa- 
 
 Education tion Society.” One of the explicit objects of the Society 
 Societies was “to assist pious indigent students for the minis- 
 try.” The parent society had auxiliary societies in 
 
 the larger congregations of the synod. The ladies of the congregation 
 organized “Female Education Societies” and manifested great zeal in pre- 
 paring articles of needlework to be sold for the benefit of the organization. 
 In 1832 the synodical society sent to Dr. Schmucker funds for the aid of 
 four students in the Seminary. Two years later the missionary idea was 
 dropped from the title. Sometimes the funds were supplemented from the 
 synod’s own treasury. Other synods took up the plan and organized educa- 
 tion societies. At York in 1835 members of the General Synod itself 
 organized the “Parent Education Society of the Evangelical Lutheran 
 Church.” The synodical societies then became “branches” of this general 
 society. During the first biennium the Parent Education Society sent more 
 than four thousand dollars to Gettysburg to be distributed among forty-one 
 students, and before the Seminary was twenty years old the biennial re- 
 ceipts of the Society approached seven thousand dollars. Here, again, the 
 students of the Seminary co-operated, and one of them, William A. Passa- 
 vant, began in 1841 the publication of The Lutheran Almanac, with the 
 stipulation that any profits arising from the enterprise should go to the 
 Parent Education Society. Dr. Schmucker’s influence in the American 
 Education Society also secured considerable help for Gettysburg students 
 from that source. All this helped very materially to promote the growth 
 of the young institution. 
 Bequests and legacies also began to accrue already in those early years. 
 A bequest of $500 was received in 1833 from a Mr. Sholl, of Frederick. 
 Ten years later about $2000 was received from the estate 
 Special Gifts of William Steenberger, of Shenandoah County, Vir- 
 ginia, the father-in-law of Professor Schmucker. <A 
 little later a legacy of $500 was received from the estate of Mr. 
 136 
 
FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 
 
 Isaac Baugher, of Emmitsburg, Maryland, who had been a prominent lay 
 member of the Board; also a bequest of $550 from a Mr. Weibel of Gettys- 
 burg and one of $100 from Mr. A. Weaver of Leetown, Jefferson County, 
 Va. A bequest of an indefinite amount from a Mr. Schroeder of Hamburg 
 was announced, but the money was never received by the Gettysburg Semi- 
 nary. Several small amounts were received from the Streit legacy in Ger- 
 many through the district synods in America. When the Seminary was only 
 one year old the Board of Directors was delighted with a gift made by Rev. 
 Gottlieb Shober of North Carolina. The gift consisted of 2434 acres of 
 land, partly improved, on the Yadkin River in North Carolina. For some 
 years lively hopes were entertained concerning the income of these lands, but 
 after dragging over three decades the negotiations resulted in the final sale 
 of the property in 1856 at a net gain to the Seminary of precisely $688.89. 
 
 Towards the close of the period that we are now re- 
 
 be ae f ee RNIN. : Alumni 
 
 viewing, the alumni of the institution were organized Oe. 
 
 : ee : Association 
 
 into an association and began to put forth efforts to in- i 
 Contributes 
 
 crease the funds of the school. By the year 1846 these 
 efforts had secured subscriptions of about $3000 for current expenses and 
 about four times that amount for endowment. 
 
 In these various ways the Seminary was nurtured in its infancy and 
 enabled to grow to maturity. Altogether, during the first twenty years 
 of its life, the institution received from all sources 
 more than $65,000. Of this amount about one- Summary of 
 third was expended for professors’ salaries and Funds 
 other current expenses, about one-third for land 
 and buildings, and about one-third was invested as productive endowment. 
 
 But, of course, the recognized needs of the institution always kept ahead 
 of the income. So there was that constant stretching towards higher levels, 
 in standards and equipment, that always marks a normal 
 growth from infancy to maturity. For during these two General 
 decades property was purchased and paid for, substan- Progress 
 tial and creditable buildings were erected, a second 
 professor was added to the faculty, and the institution had gradually but 
 surely passed beyond the age of infancy. 
 
 As early as 1828, when the Seminary was only a year and a half old, 
 the need for a second professor was expressed. The number of students 
 had increased from eight to twenty-three. The hours 
 
 and the subjects assigned to Dr. Schmucker were so A Second 
 many as to threaten his health. He needed more time Professor 
 for study and more time to prosecute the general in- Needed 
 
 terests of the institution. Most of the other seminaries in 
 
 the United States had two professors, a few, like Princeton and Yale had 
 three, and Andover had even four. So the Gettysburg Board, in May, 1828, 
 resolved to “use all possible exertions in collecting the monies due the Sem- 
 
 137. 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 inary and to obtain additional subscriptions for the purpose of enabling them 
 to call a second professor so soon as practicable.” Dr. Schmucker was re- 
 quested to make a special appeal to the Church for this purpose. ‘The 
 synods, at their fall meetings, endorsed the project. An effort was made to 
 secure one hundred subscriptions of one hundred dollars each. A number 
 of laymen joined the ministers in furthering this plan. One of these sub- 
 scribers of one hundred dollars was Thaddeus Stevens. During the sum- 
 mer of 1829 a vigorous effort to complete the fund was made by Dr. 
 Schmucker and the members of the Board, and by their general agents over 
 the field. By October of that year the fund was sufficient to justify the 
 Board in announcing that the second professor would be elected in 
 
 May, 1830. 
 The purpose of the fund was sometimes stated “to call a second pro- 
 fessor from Germany.” It was the original intention of the Board to 
 secure some talented teacher from Germany to fill their 
 
 A Professor second professorship. This, it was felt, would not only 
 from Germany raise the scholastic standing of the institution, but would 
 Considered also discharge the moral obligation owing to the many 
 
 patrons the Seminary had found in Germany. But this 
 purpose was relinquished because of the objections raised by some of the 
 ministers in the Pennsylvania Synod who felt an “apprehension that a 
 European could not so well accommodate himself to the peculiar views and 
 situation of our ecclesiastical and civil institutions.” 
 The second professor was not called directly from Germany, but he did 
 satisfy the demand for increasing emphasis on German instruction. He was 
 Ernst Lewis Hazelius. He was well known in the 
 Hazelius Church, having been professor in Hartwick Seminary 
 Comes for fifteen years. He was born in Germany and had 
 come to America when he was twenty-three years old. 
 For some years he had taught for the Moravians at Nazareth, Pennsyl- 
 vania. Then he was ordained a Lutheran minister and after a short pas- 
 torate at New Germantown, New Jersey, had gone to Hartwick as Pro- 
 fessor of Christian Theology and Principal of the Classical Department. 
 At Gettysburg he was designated “Professor of Biblical and Oriental Lit- 
 erature and of German Language.” His coming to Gettysburg was not the 
 first introduction of German into the Seminary. Dr. Schmucker had been 
 teaching the language from the beginning, and had been conducting some 
 of his theological courses in German. All students were required to study 
 the language and of those who had graduated before 1830 all but two were 
 using it regularly in their ministrations. The coming of Hazelius permitted 
 more attention to the German branches and more intensive cultivation of 
 the students who used German exclusively. At the same time it released 
 
 138 
 
FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 
 
 Dr. Schmucker for more work in the general interest of the Seminary, and 
 the results of this soon became manifest. 
 
 Dr. Hazelius was inaugurated on September 29, 1830. In his inaugural 
 address he sketched the history of the early Lutheran settlements in America. 
 The address was afterwards greatly expanded and pub- 
 lished in 1846 as “The History of the American Luth-  Hazelius’ Work 
 eran Church.” For his work in the class-room he was and Resignation 
 assigned German, Hebrew, Greek, Old Testament and 
 New Testament exegesis, and Church history. In addition to these assign- 
 ments he taught Jewish antiquities, sacred geography and Biblical chro- 
 nology. He was also appointed librarian. But Dr. Hazelius did not stay 
 long at Gettysburg. In 1833, when the infant theological institution of the 
 South Carolina Synod was bereft of its teacher, the appeal to Dr. Hazelius 
 seemed to overbalance his prospects of usefulness at Gettysburg, and he 
 resigned and went to Lexington, South Carolina. 
 
 As successor to Dr. Hazelius, the Board of Directors on September 18, 
 1833, elected Charles Philip Krauth, of Philadelphia. On the same day 
 Dr. Krauth was chosen professor of intellectual and 
 moral science in the newly established college at Gettys- Krauth Comes 
 burg. He accepted both positions, came to Gettysburg 
 and was inaugurated at the Seminary during the first week of December. 
 
 The double arrangement concerning Dr. Krauth’s services was intended 
 to be temporary, and his work in the College was regarded as secondary. 
 Early in 1834, however, he was elected President of the 
 College. This responsible position he accepted, and then On Part Time 
 for some years his work in the Seminary was second- Only 
 ary to his work in the College. He gave only a few 
 hours of instruction each week in the Seminary chiefly in Hebrew and 
 Greek languages and exegesis. He also gave instruction in German and 
 conducted some of his exegesis courses in that language. But in 1838 the 
 Trustees of the College, at Dr. Krauth’s earnest desire, insisted upon the 
 termination of his services at the Seminary and his resignation was regret- 
 fully accepted. Dr. John G. Morris, of Baltimore, an early graduate of the 
 Seminary, was chosen professor to succeed Dr. Krauth in the Department 
 of Biblical and Oriental Literature. When Dr. Morris declined the position 
 Dr. Krauth was prevailed on to continue his instruction in the Seminary 
 on a reduced schedule, limiting himself to Hebrew, and Professor Henry 
 I. Schmidt, another instructor in the College, was elected to the Seminary 
 faculty. 
 
 The fact is that sufficient funds were not available to guarantee the 
 adequate support of a second professor. The financial 
 depression that swept over the entire country in the late Funds Low 
 thirties wrecking many fortunes seriously impeded the 
 financial growth of the Seminary. Even so, the institution was fortunate 
 
 139 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 in that it lost little more than a thousand dollars of its invested fund. Under 
 the circumstances it was obliged to piece out its teaching staff with part- 
 time instructors. Hence the Seminary call to Professor Schmidt of the 
 College. 
 Professor Schmidt was a member of the New York Ministerium. He 
 had come to Gettysburg from Boston where he had been doing home mis- 
 sionary work among the German Lutherans. He came 
 Schmidt Comes primarily as teacher of German and French in the Col- 
 lege. But the Seminary was in need of an instructor in 
 German. As early as 1833, Dr. Benjamin Kurtz, who was now 
 editor of the Lutheran Observer, had been elected professor of German 
 literature and ecclesiastical history, with the understanding that he would 
 spend one day each week at Gettysburg, but he had declined the appointment. 
 A full and permanent professorship would in all probability have been ac- 
 cepted. Dr. Kurtz had been much disappointed at the failure of the Seminary 
 Directors to compensate him adequately for his European agency on behalf 
 of the institution. He scorned the proffer of a part-time instructorship. So 
 in 1839 Dr. Schmidt was elected professor of German literature and at 
 once entered upon his duties, beginning with two hours of teaching a week 
 and receiving as compensation the free rental of the house he was occupy- 
 ing on the Seminary grounds. 
 
 After four years of teaching Professor Schmidt left Gettysburg be- 
 cause of inadequate remuneration by the College, and so his relationship 
 with the Seminary ceased. For ten years now the “second professorship” 
 which Dr. Hazelius had relinquished in 1833 had not been fully occupied. 
 Dr. Krauth was still assisting Dr. Schmucker to the extent of three hours’ 
 instruction per week. But the need of a second full-time professor was 
 deeply felt. In September, 1844, therefore, with the prospect of additional 
 funds from the newly organized Alumni Association, the Board proceeded 
 to elect a “second professor” to conduct a department of “German Lan- 
 guage and Biblical Literature.” 
 
 The choice fell on Rev. Charles Augustus Hay. The 
 
 Hay Succeeds professor-elect was not yet twenty-four years old. He 
 
 Schmidt was a graduate of both the College and the Seminary 
 
 at Gettysburg and had spent two years at the Universities 
 
 of Halle and Berlin. He had taken charge of the pastorate at Middletown, 
 
 Maryland, but had not yet been ordained. His salary as professor was fixed 
 
 at $500 and house, and his inauguration took place without ceremony on 
 November 6, 1844, at the beginning of the fall term. 
 
 Dr. Hay was asked to teach nine hours a week, four 
 
 Teaching Sub- in German, two in Hebrew, two in Greek, and one in 
 
 jects Re-divided Biblical criticism and hermeneutics. In addition he was 
 
 permitted to teach German four hours a week in the 
 
 College. His two hours in Greek were afterwards transferred to Dr. 
 
 140 
 
FROM INBANCY TO MATURITY 
 
 Krauth and in their stead he was assigned two more hours in Hebrew. His 
 work therefore practically covered the departments of German and Old 
 Testament. Dr. Schmucker’s instruction was confined to didactic, pastoral, 
 and polemic theology, Church government, metaphysics and homiletics. 
 
 The first period, therefore, in the life of the Seminary closes with two 
 men, Dr. Schmucker and Dr. Hay, devoting their full time to the instruc- 
 tion of the students, and one man, Dr. Krauth, devoting a 
 part of his time. Dr. Schmucker was lecturing thirteen The Teaching 
 hours a week, Dr. Hay fourteen, and Dr. Krauth four. Force 
 There had been little or no development in the curriculum 
 of the institution. The same subjects with which Dr. Schmucker had begun 
 the school in 1826 were still being taught twenty years later. 
 
 The text-books for most of the courses given during this early period 
 were prescribed by the Directors before the Seminary began. They were 
 the ones recommended by Dr. Schmucker. They included 
 Horne’s “Introduction,” Mosheim’s “Ecclesiastical His- Text-Books 
 tory,” Storr and Flatt’s “Biblical Theology,’ Baum- 
 garten and Walch’s “Religions-streitigkeiten” for the course in polemical 
 theology, Schuckford and Prideaux’s “Biblical and Profane History Con- 
 nected,’ Young’s ‘“Minister’s Companion” for the course in pastoral the- 
 ology, and Clarke and Coke’s “Preacher’s Manual” for the course in homi- 
 letics. In some of the courses, such as Church government and systematic 
 theology, the Professor’s own lectures took the place of a text-book. In 
 several subjects the Professor prepared what were called “compends” con- 
 taining in questions and, answers epitomes of the materials presented in the 
 courses. 
 
 The method of teaching during this period was not a fixed one. It was 
 determined by the subject and the capacity of the students. As a rule it 
 was a combination of text-book and lectures. Dr. 
 
 Schmucker prepared his lectures with great care and in Method of 
 some of the branches published his own text-books. His Teaching 
 “Popular Theology” of 1834 was the outgrowth of his 
 
 lectures in the class-room and after its publication was his text-book as 
 long as he taught. It passed through nine editions. His “Intellectual 
 Science,” or “Psychology,” also was written as a text-book, and it saw 
 three editions. 
 
 In the courses for which no text-books were available Dr. Schmucker’s 
 methodology prescribed that he deliver a lecture covering some portion of 
 the subject and at its close dictate questions covering the 
 materials presented during the hour. These questions Lectures and 
 all the students were required to answer in writing. Questions 
 The answers were then read before the class at the 
 next recitation period and discussed by the professor before the next lecture 
 
 141 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 was delivered. When text-books were used complete mastery of the 
 materials was required. 
 The officers of the institution often boasted of the size of its library, 
 but there is no evidence that the students themselves made large use of it. 
 The students were examined semi-annually in the pres- 
 Public ence of the Directors and always on the same branches. 
 Examinations It may be assumed that with the increase in the teach- 
 ing staff the work of instruction was done more in- 
 tensively and it is certain that the curriculum work of the Seminary stu- 
 dents was constantly improving because of the greater uniformity and 
 completeness of their preliminary training that resulted from the establish- 
 
 ment of Pennsylvania College. 
 One of the most important steps during the first two 
 
 Need for decades in raising the Seminary from infancy to matur- 
 Preparatory ity was the establishment of a school to furnish ade- 
 School quate and uniform preparatory training for the pros- 
 
 pective students of the Seminary. The Board of Di- 
 rectors had from the beginning taken high ground as to the course of in- 
 struction to be given in the Seminary. But Dr. Schmucker soon saw that 
 the imperfect state of education in the Middle Atlantic and Southern States 
 would not permit them to realize their ideal without some good preparatory 
 school in the vicinity of the Seminary itself. The Lutheran Church at that 
 time had no college anywhere and no school that could furnish even the 
 most moderate preparatory training for theological students. The effort 
 to secure the co-operation of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in the newly 
 founded Methodist College at Carlisle in 1787 had failed. Franklin Col- 
 lege at Lancaster was a joint institution of Lutherans and Reformed and 
 as such failed of all support and gradually declined. Most of the students 
 therefore who came to the Seminary at Gettysburg when it first opened 
 were utterly deficient in classical, and scientific knowledge. Dr. Schmucker 
 for a while tried to make up for these deficiencies by private tutoring of 
 the students. But it soon became evident that his time and energy would 
 not permit him to continue this, and the Board asked him to desist. Under 
 these circumstances, the idea of establishing a preparatory school at Gettys- 
 burg itself and under the fostering care of the Seminary readily suggested 
 itself. 
 
 Accordingly, at the close of the very first session of the Seminary, in 
 May, 1827, the Board of Directors of the Seminary formed themselves into 
 an association “for the purpose of establishing a classical 
 
 The Classical school” and appointed Professor Schmucker and the Rev. 
 School Mr. Herbst, pastor in Gettysburg, to make the necessary 
 arrangements for the opening of such a school. The 
 
 initiative had come from Dr. Schmucker. He and Mr. Herbst selected 
 David Jacobs, then a senior in the Seminary, to be the teacher in the new 
 
 142 
 
FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 
 
 school. Professor Jacobs had come from Jacobs’ Church in Franklin 
 County, Pennsylvania, and was a graduate of Jefferson College at Canons- 
 burg. Already on June 25, 1827, they opened the doors of the institution 
 with one teacher and two students. In a few weeks the number of min- 
 isterial students in the new school had increased to six. The Classical 
 School was housed in the same building with the Seminary. This was the 
 Adams County Academy on the southeast corner of Washington and High 
 Streets. The Academy building had been erected by means of an appro- 
 priation of $2,000 from the Pennsylvania Legislature in 1810. The free 
 use of this building had been offered by the citizens of Gettysburg as one 
 of the inducements to locate the Seminary at Gettysburg. It contained four 
 large rooms, two of which were used by the Seminary. Here under one 
 roof the two schools prosecuted their common purpose for four years. 
 Two years aiter the Classical School had begun, the Academy property 
 was sold at sheriff’s sale. Dr. Schmucker purchased it for $1,100, the 
 amount of its encumbrance. As he had agreed that the 
 building should be used for educational purposes, no bid The Gymnasium 
 was made against him. In purchasing the property Dr. 
 Schmucker had acted on his own responsibility. But in order to enlist the 
 interest of the Lutheran Church in general he at once organized “An Asso- 
 ciation for the Establishment of a Classical and 
 Scientific Department in Subservience to the 
 Objects of the Theological Seminary at Gettys- 
 burg, and for the Purchase of the Adams 
 County Academy.” This association was a 
 stock company consisting of twenty-two Luth- 
 eran clergymen, more than half of whom were 
 members of the Seminary Board of Directors. 
 The Classical School was now enlarged and 
 renamed the “Gettysburg Gymnasium.” <A 
 Scientific Department was added and Michael 
 Jacobs, younger brother of David, also a grad- 
 uate of Jefferson College, was placed in charge 
 of the new department. An attractive pros- 
 pectus was issued over the name of 5S. S. 
 Schmucker, announcing in detail a course of studies covering five years, with 
 tuition at twenty-four dollars per annum and boarding at one dollar and 
 fifty cents per week, and promising to ministerial students “gratuitous 
 access to the very valuable library of the Theological Seminary, contain- 
 ing upwards of six thousand volumes.” Concerning the announced “course 
 of studies” it may be observed that the “third class’ was about equivalent 
 to the freshman year in the colleges of that time. By order of the Semin- 
 ary Board “the students of the Gymnasium intending to study theology” 
 
 143 
 
 
 
 MICHAEL JACOBS 
 
HISTORY “OF; GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 were “matriculated according to the form prescribed for students imme- 
 diately entering the Seminary.” The younger institution was really in- 
 tended to be nothing but a stepping-stone to the Seminary itself. 
 
 The Gymnasium served its purpose well. The vacancy in its teaching 
 staff caused by the premature death of David Jacobs in 1830 was filled by 
 official action of the Seminary Board itself in the appointment of Rey. H. 
 L. Baugher, who was to render distinguished service to the institution. 
 
 By this time a second professor had been added to 
 
 The College the Seminary Faculty and plans were afoot to erect a 
 Chartered separate building to house the Seminary. Moreover, the 
 rapid increase in the number of students in the Gym- 
 
 nasium and the clear advantages arising from the institution called for its 
 further development. Accordingly, in 1831, when the Gymnasium was only 
 two years old, Dr. Schmucker took measures to 
 enlarge the institution and thus increase its 
 usefulness to the older school. He called to- 
 gether the leading citizens of Gettysburg and 
 Adams County and secured their approval of 
 his plan to develop the Gymnasium into a 
 College. Then he set. to work to secure a 
 charter from the legislature. Petitions were 
 circulated all over Pennsylvania and forwarded 
 to members of the legislature. Dr. Schmucker 
 spent several weeks in Harrisburg presenting 
 his case to individual members of the law- 
 making body. By the aid of Governor Wolfe, 
 a Pennsylvania German Lutheran, and a dis- 
 tinguished friend of popular education, he was 
 permitted to address the House of Representa- 
 tives on the proposed College. The desired charter was granted in April, 1832. 
 It designated the stockholders of the Gymnasium and six citizens of Gettys- 
 burg as the Patrons of the College who were charged to elect a Board of 
 twenty-one Trustees. It specified that “in addition to the customary pro- 
 fessorships in other colleges, there shall be in this institution a German 
 professorship” in order to prepare men to teach German in the primary 
 schools. The institution was organized as Pennsylvania College on July 
 4, 1832, and began operations as such the following November. Two years 
 later, by the aid of Thaddeus Stevens, a citizen of Gettysburg and at that 
 time a member of the State legislature, Dr. Schmucker was able to secure 
 from the State a grant of $18,000 for the College. In doing this he had 
 to face the competing claims of Dickinson, Lafayette, Jefferson, Wash- 
 ington, and Allegheny Colleges. The College was now equipped for the 
 highest kind of service to the Seminary and it began at once the career of 
 
 144 
 
 
 
 Henry LEwIs 
 BAUGHER, SR. 
 
FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 
 
 ever-increasing usefulness to the Church for which it was intended by 
 its founders. 
 
 The teachers of the Seminary assisted for a time in the instruction in 
 the College. Dr. Schmucker gave instruction in intellectual, moral and 
 political philosophy, logic, natural theology and evidences 
 of revelation. Dr. Hazelius taught Latin and German. Seminary 
 When Dr. C. P. Krauth came to Gettysburg in 1833 to Assists College 
 succeed Dr. Hazelius he also taught in the College, 
 as we have seen. The next year Dr. Krauth accepted the responsibilities 
 of the presidency of the College and Dr. Schmucker was free again to give 
 all his time to the Seminary. 
 
 The founding of Pennsylvania College was the realization of an ideal 
 that Dr. Schmucker had cherished for many years. It was pre-eminently 
 the child of his labors. It was intended primarily as the 
 
 fore-court to the Seminary and, as a matter of fact, Value of 
 throughout the subsequent history of the Seminary, the College to 
 great majority of its students have been graduates of Seminary 
 
 Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg. For the Seminary 
 
 was now in a position to enforce the requirement of its constitution that 
 “Every applicant for admission shall produce satisfactozy testimonials that 
 he has passed through a regular course of academical study, or wanting 
 this, he shall submit himself to an examination of his preparatory attain- 
 ments.” The establishment of the College was, therefore, the second long 
 step in furthering the growth of the Seminary from infancy to maturity. 
 
 The third great step in the development of the insti- 
 tution during this first period was the purchase of a Need of 
 permanent site and the erection of an edifice. After se- Permanent Site 
 curing a faculty and a library and after providing for 
 the preparatory training of prospective students, the next advance in point 
 of time as well as of logic was to secure a convenient home. 
 
 The Seminary, as we have seen, had begun its existence in the Adams 
 County Academy. This was a comparatively new structure, well located 
 in the town, commodious, and built of brick. But it was 
 not owned by the Seminary and from the beginning it A Commiitee 
 was only regarded as the temporary home of the “school Appointed 
 of the prophets.” At the very first meeting of the 
 Board of Directors that was held in Gettysburg, September 5, 1826, a 
 committee was appointed “to select suitable sites for the edifices of the 
 Seminary.” This committee consisted of five laymen, none of them mem- 
 bers of the Board, and its chairman was Thaddeus Stevens, who was then 
 a young attorney resident at Gettysburg. No report was ever made by this 
 committee. 
 
 But in a few years the need for a larger building became pressing. The 
 number of students in the Seminary had increased to twenty-six. In addi- 
 
 145 
 
HISTORY: OP4GERTYSBURG*SEMINARY 
 
 tion there were nearly fifty students in the Gymnasium using the same build- 
 ing. The growing popularity of the institution encouraged the Board to 
 
 appoint in October, 1829, a new committee on permanent 
 A Site site. This committee consisted of Charles A. Barnitz, 
 Selected Esquire, of York, who was the treasurer of the Semi- 
 
 nary; Mr. George Hager, of Hagerstown, a member of 
 the Board, and Major Frederick Sharretts, of Carlisle. The com- 
 mittee was instructed that “if there should be a site without the limits 
 of the borough more 
 eligible than any in it and 
 yet near to the center of 
 the town,” they should 
 “endeavor to obtain the 
 consent of the subscrib- 
 ers to erect the buildings 
 on said site.” Mr. Samuel 
 H. Buehler of Gettysburg 
 had? offered’ <a Slot of 
 ground as a site, but the 
 Board had declined to 
 accept," it: Reve John 
 Herbst, who was chiefly 
 instrumental in having the 
 Seminary located at 
 Gettysburg, urged the 
 committee to choose a 
 site south of the town on 
 the western side of the 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 eurry SBURG, PA, : 
 
 Baltimore Turnpike on 
 lands of Thomas C. Mil- 
 ler and outside the bor- 
 ough limits. But the com- 
 
 BAednesdny, September 17th, 1834, : 
 
 mittee finally selected a 
 site on an eminence just 
 west of the town. This 
 eminence is one of a 
 
 
 
 series of ridges that 
 parallel the South Moun- PROGRAM OF First LUTHERAN COLLEGE 
 tain. The central axis of 
 
 the ridges is the hard Greenstone or Trap rock that defied the wearing 
 action of the storms and waves of geological time and so left these eleva- 
 tions arising above the soft red shale that covers the valleys. The first 
 ridge west of Gettysburg is exactly a mile distant from the center square 
 
 146 
 
FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 
 
 of the town and is longer and narrower than most of the ridges running 
 parallel to it. 
 
 The chosen site for the Seminary building was de- A Famous 
 scribed by the committee as “a situation on the Western Ridge 
 side of Gettysburg within the limits of the Borough on 
 lands owned by William McClellan and Samuel H. Buehler, containing 
 in extent about twenty acres, the Western boundary being on or near the 
 borough line, the Northern the Chambersburg road and the Southern 
 boundary the Hagerstown 
 road.” Their choice was 
 ratified by the Board in 
 May, 1830. The eminence, 
 taking its name from the 
 institution, afterwards be- 
 came famous in Ameri- 
 can history as Seminary 
 Ridge. The contract price 
 for the land and for the 
 digging of a well on it 
 was $1,166.15. 
 
 Meanwhile, plans for a 
 building had been drawn 
 up. Even before the com- 
 mittee on permanent site 
 was appointed there was 
 a committee “to procure 
 drafts for a Seminary 
 edifice.” This was in 
 May, 1829. But this first 
 committee accomplished 
 nothing, probably because. 
 some of the members of 
 the committee despaired 
 of securing the necessary 
 funds. In October of 
 that year, the efficient 
 committee appointed to 
 
 COMMENCEMENT IN AMERICA select a site was enlarged 
 
 . by the addition of Pro- 
 fessor Schmucker and Rev. John Herbst and was authorized to select a plan 
 for a building and begin negotiations for lumber. This committee reported 
 in the spring of 1830, submitting a plan that in its main outlines was 
 adopted by the Board. This plan was drawn by Architect Nicholas Pierce, 
 
 147 
 
 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 of Chambersburg, with suggestions chiefly from Mr. Hager and Dr. 
 Schmucker. It provided for a substantial brick building of colonial design, 
 one hundred feet long and forty feet wide, containing a 
 Plans fora basement and three stories. 
 Building A building committee, consisting of Messrs. George 
 Trostle, George Shryock and Samuel Buehler, was di- 
 rected to issue specifications and secure bids. Mr. Shryock afterwards 
 withdrew from this committee and Mr. Kreutzman took his place. The con- 
 tract was awarded to Mr. Pierce for $7,750, but sub- 
 Cornerstone sequent additions and alterations in the plans greatly 
 Laid increased the cost of the edifice, Building operations were 
 begun at once and the cornerstone of the new structure 
 was laid on May 26, 1831. This service was conducted by various members of 
 the Board of Directors in the presence of a large gathering of people. It 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 == | = 6 RLESPIE ~' 
 
 AN Earty Woop-cut oF THE SEMINARY BUILDINGS. 
 
 opened with the singing of a German hymn written for the occasion by the 
 Rev. Mr. Uhlhorn of Baltimore. Prayer was offered in German byt Dry aGa 
 Schmucker, president of the Board. Discourses were then delivered in German 
 by Pastors Uhlhorn and A. Reck. After the offering had been received ad- 
 dresses were made in English by Pastors D. F. Schaeffer and C. P. Krauth. 
 Rev. C. F. Héyer then deposited the various articles in the cornerstone and 
 the stone was laid in place with the usual form. Prayer was offered by Rev. 
 J. W. Heim and the benediction was pronounced by Rev. Mr. Uhlhorn. 
 
 Work on the building proceeded rapidly. In four months it was under 
 roof. In the summer of 1832 it was completed according to the plans. To 
 accomplish this rapid development the Directors had to borrow money for 
 
 148 
 
FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 
 
 the institution. This loan came partly from the endowment fund and was 
 secured partly by personal pledges of members of the Board. The furnish- 
 ings for the rooms were provided by benevolent individuals and by congre- 
 gations, the names of the donors being attached to the rooms they furnished. 
 In this way the new edifice was made ready for occu- 
 
 pancy at the beginning of the fall term of 1832. The In the New 
 basement was reserved for the steward. Only two other Home 
 stories were finished at that time. These con- 
 
 tained two lecture rooms, a room for the library, an assembly room or 
 “Missionary Hall,’ and ample dormitory accommodations for the twenty 
 students then in attendance. In September, 1832, the young school of the 
 prophets abandoned its cradle and moved out into a new stage of its exist- 
 ence, leaving its original home to the exclusive use of the newly organized 
 College. This process of removal consisted largely of transferring the 
 
 
 
 Tue First BUILDING. 
 Erected and occupied in 1882. 
 
 library to the new building and inviting the students to leave their private 
 quarters in the town and move into the house on the hill. 
 
 It is a most inviting location to which the Seminary thus came for its 
 permanent home. It affords a commanding view of the town half a mile 
 to the east and an inspiring prospect of the Blue Ridge 
 Mountains nine miles to the west. The beautiful build- Beautiful for 
 ing with its graceful cupola is visible for many miles Situation 
 and it soon came to be regarded as a landmark, a visible 
 prognostication of the Church’s growth in this country. The completion 
 of the building, taken with such other events as the growth of the student 
 body, the increase of the Faculty, and the founding of the College, inspired 
 the highest enthusiasm in the friends of the Seminary. The Board an- 
 nounced to the General Synod that the Seminary building “exhibits a proud 
 
 149 
 
HISTORY, OFVGETLTYSBURG? SEMINARY. 
 
 monument of the liberality and zeal of the Lutheran Church, to promote 
 an enlightened education of those who are to lead on the hosts of the 
 Lord against the enemies of the truth as it is in Jesus.” The students of 
 the Seminary in an open letter to the Lutherans of Europe exulted in the 
 progress and prospects of the school and described the new home in glow- 
 ing terms: “It is a large, commodious and elegant structure, located on an 
 elevated site, half a mile from the town, with a beautiful park of flourish- 
 ing oaks in the rear, and commanding a noble prospect of the surrounding 
 
 
 
 MAIN ENTRANCE TO FIRST BUILDING. 
 View from the east. 
 
 country to the distance of several miles. If there be any spot on earth 
 where the human intellect can expand itself more nobly, where it can 
 expatiate moze freely through the almost illimitable extent of theological 
 science, where it can rise more ardently and devoutly to the contemplation 
 of the omnipresent Creator, than in any other place, surely it must be in 
 such a delightful and hallowed retreat as this, where the mind of the 
 
 150 
 
FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 
 
 student will not be retarded in the pursuit of divine truth by the unwelcome 
 intrusion of female society, where the spirit of true devotion will be nursed 
 in the lap of solitude, and where alone can be formed the necessary habits 
 of elevated contemplation and profound thought, of close investigation 
 and patient study, which are so necessary to every student of theology, 
 and which too frequent an intercourse with the unthinking multitude is 
 almost sure to destroy.” Such enthusiasm was bound to be contagious. 
 Further improvements to the Seminary property soon 
 followed. As the main edifice was nearing completion Professors’ 
 a committee was appointed to superintend the erection Houses Erected 
 of a brick dwelling house on the Seminary grounds for 
 each of the professors. A limit of $2,000 for each dwelling was fixed. Mr. 
 Kreutzman was chosen contractor. The first house directly south of the 
 
 
 
 First Proressor’s House. 
 
 Erected in 1833; occupied by Dr. Schmucker, 1833-1864, by Dr. Brown, 1864-1881, 
 by Dr. Stork, 1881-1883, by Dr. Valentine, 1884-1903, by Dr. Kuhlman, 1903-1916, 
 and by Dr. Wentz since 1916. 
 
 main building was finished and occupied by Dr. Schmucker in October, 
 1833. The other, located a corresponding distance north of the main edi- 
 fice, was intended for Dr. Hazelius and was completed the following 
 spring. But by this time Dr. Hazelius had determined to leave Gettys- 
 burg and the new house was rented until 1839 when Professor Schmidt 
 came to occupy it. 
 
 151 
 
HISTORY OF GEELYSBURG=* SEMINARY 
 
 ‘After the erection of these first three buildings there began the process 
 of enlarging and beautifying the grounds which has continued for almost 
 a century. For the proper location of the second pro- 
 
 Beautifying fessor’s house an additional tract of four acres of land 
 the Grounds was purchased in 1833. At the same time the students 
 began to set their hands to the work of cultivating 
 
 and adorning the Seminary grounds. The Board ordered that “an acre 
 of ground belonging to the Seminary be laid out in a garden for the benefit 
 of the beneficiaries, under the superintendence of Dr. Hazelius.” In 1844 
 the students received the special thanks of the Board for having made the 
 walks and planted the trees eastward from each of the three Seminary 
 
 
 
 SECOND PROFESSOR’sS HOUSE. 
 
 Erected 1834; rented until 1839; occupied by Dr. Schmidt, 1839-1843, by Dr. Hay, 
 
 1844-1848, by Dr. Krauth, 1850-1865, by Dr. Hay, 1865-1893, by Dr. Billheimer, 
 
 1893-1901, by Dr. G. D. Stahley of the College (in rent), 1901-1911, by Dr. Alleman, 
 1911-1925, and by Dr. Fischer since 1925. 
 
 buildings to the foot of the hill to join the roads leading into the town. 
 The next year Dr. Hay received special mention for having directed the 
 students in “the tasty and valued improvements made around the 
 Seminary.” 
 
 It is interesting to note that the profits accruing from the publication 
 of the Lutheran Observer during its first two years, amounting in all to 
 sixty dollars, were used in 1833 by the editor, Dr. Morris, to purchase the 
 
 152 
 
FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 
 
 shade-trees that afterwards became so attractive and a few of which still 
 grace the campus. | 
 
 Upon the completion of the main building in 1832 the Lutheran con- 
 gregation in York presented the Seminary with a bell. The bell was his- 
 toric. Nearly ninety years before, the Lutheran con- 
 gregation of New York had taken it out of their own A Seminary 
 belfry and sent it to the congregation at York where it Bell 
 was used in the first stone church of that congregation. 
 From the convivial manner of its reception when it arrived in York, it was 
 known as “the sauerkraut bell.”” When it came to Gettysburg in 1832 it was hung 
 on a frame at the head of the stairway and for several years was used to call 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 BAAR. Las atta Awe SSS 
 
 A SKETCH OF THE BUILDINGS IN 1870. 
 
 
 
 the students to classes. When it was no longer needed in the Seminary it 
 was returned to York and again placed in the tower of the Lutheran Church. 
 Along with these items of improvement in the material equipment of the 
 school we may note also some further developments in internal affairs. 
 Measures were early taken to cultivate the spiritual life 
 of the students. Daily devotional exercises were con- Spiritual Life 
 ducted by the instructors, and the students were frequently of the Students 
 urged to give special attention to their private devo- 
 tions. Sometimes small groups of the students banded themselves together 
 to hold regular meetings in their private rooms for spiritual edification. 
 Ivery Sunday afternoon the ministerial students of both institutions held 
 a conference under the direction of one of the professors for the purpose 
 of solving difficulties in practical religion. Following the custom that Dr. 
 Schmucker had learned at Princeton, the first Wednesday of every month 
 
 Ibe. 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG. SEMINARY 
 
 was set aside for “special prayer and self-examination, and for exercises 
 calculated to promote a missionary spirit.” The various provisions concern- 
 ing “The Devotional Exercises of the Students” in Article V of the consti- 
 tution were rigidly enforced by Dr. Schmucker, and persistent trans- 
 gressors were summarily dismissed or reported to the Directors. In the 
 class-room the attention of the students was often directed to those books 
 in the library that combined doctrine with devotion, such as Starke’s Hand- 
 book and Sermons, Gerhardt’s Sacred Meditations, Arndt’s True Chris- 
 tianity, Calvor’s Heavenly Ladder of Devotion, and Scrivener’s Soul Treas- 
 ury. The preaching in the Gettysburg pulpits was strongly evangelistic and 
 even revivalistic, and the published reports on the state of the Seminary 
 generally emphasized the satisfactory growth of genuine piety among the 
 students. 
 Before 1830 the students organized themselves into a missionary society 
 in order to “procure intelligence on missionary subjects or other topics con- 
 nected with the advancement of true piety in our own 
 The Missionary or foreign countries.” As members of this Society the 
 Society students were sent by the professors to conduct serv- 
 ices in schoolhouses and private homes in Adams 
 and adjacent counties where people did not have the regular ministry of 
 the means of grace. Some of the most destitute places in the mountains 
 were opened in this way to the influence of the Gospel. It was from this 
 work that W. A. Passavant received the great zeal for home missions that 
 has left such a deep impress on the history of our Church in this country. 
 In the summer of 1841 the students canvassed all of Adams County for 
 the Pennsylvania Bible Society, and the reports of their experiences indi- 
 cate that the summer afforded wholesome training in the toils and sacri- 
 fices of the ministry. 
 The course of study in the Seminary included the branches that have 
 already been mentioned (see, for example, page 141). It was planned to 
 extend over three years and it was so specified in the 
 The constitution. The year embraced two “sessions” of 
 Curriculum twenty weeks each, beginning the second week in Novem- 
 ber and the second week in June. During the first 
 decade in the life of the school the students as a rule remained for the full 
 three years. Then, when most of the students were required to spend sey- 
 eral preliminary years in the College, and when the opening up of home 
 mission fields emphasized the need for more men in the active ministry, it 
 became increasingly difficult to hold the students in the Seminary for the 
 entire three years. By 1840 the average stay of the students was not over: 
 two years. The Faculty and the Board made repeated efforts to restore the 
 three years’ course, but they were powerless to do so because the synods 
 persisted in licensing men and sending them into the pastorates before 
 they had covered all the studies in the Seminary course and without a cer- 
 
 154 
 
FROM INFANCY TO MATURITY 
 
 tificate of dismission from the institution. For thirty years this condition 
 was not bettered. 
 
 In all the public reports of the Seminary and in many of the Board 
 actions emphasis is laid upon the study of German in the institution. The 
 professors were required to conduct some of their courses 
 in that language and all students were expected to make Study of 
 a special study of it. The beneficiaries were required to German 
 learn to preach in German and other students were fre- 
 quently urged to the same accomplishment. Dr. Krauth, while still pastor 
 in Philadelphia, was appointed to deliver a special lecture at the Seminary 
 Commencement on “The. Importance and Utility of Studying the German 
 Language,” and five hundred copies of the lecture were published and dis- 
 tributed at the expense of the Seminary. MHazelius was chosen professor 
 partly because of his Gezman antecedents, and Schmidt came as professor 
 of German exclusively. All this was done primarily, of course, to meet 
 the actual need of the Church at that time, and this purpose was largely 
 accomplished. It was done partly also to express gratitude for past bene- 
 factions from Germany and hope for further aid from that source, and 
 partly, too, to allay the unfriendliness that the Seminary encountered in 
 some quarters. 
 
 The Seminary, as it grew to maturity, took measures to protect its name 
 from misuse. A Latin diploma for the regular graduates was devised and 
 printed in 1831. In order to prevent imposition on the 
 part of men claiming to have studied at the Seminary it A Diploma 
 was decided in 1839 to issue a “catalogue of the alumni.” A Catalogue 
 The first general catalogue had been issued in 1827. It 
 consisted of three pages besides the title-page, two of which were used to 
 present the names of the Faculty, the Directors, and the Students, and one 
 for the announcement of courses, terms and regulations. The second cat- 
 alogue appeared in 1840. It presented the constitution of the Seminary, and 
 detailed twenty-six students then in attendance and ninety-one alumni. It 
 also stated that thirteen others had “attended a small portion of the course.” 
 
 The alumni organized themselves into an association in April, 1844. Dr. 
 J. G. Morris was the first president and twenty-seven members, representing 
 seven Synods, were enrolled at the organization meet- 
 ing. The association announced a threefold aim: “to Alumni 
 cultivate harmony of feeling and action among Association 
 its members and throughout the Church generally; to 
 elevate the standard of learning, piety, and pastoral fidelity in the ministry ; 
 and especially to promote the literary, religious and pecuniary interests of 
 the Seminary.” The last of these purposes the Association began at once 
 to prosecute with vigor. Annual lectures were held at Commencement time 
 and a campaign was begun in order to help meet the current expenses of 
 the Seminary and to endow the second professorship. The results of this 
 
 155 
 
HISFORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 have already been noted. But the main achievements of the Alumni Asso- 
 ciation belong to a later period. 
 After two decades of existence the Seminary had reached maturity. It 
 had grown more rapidly than the average institution of its kind, it had 
 abundantly fulfilled the high hopes of its founders, anil 
 Firmly it had commended itself to the Church as a whole. It 
 Established had successfully passed through that stage of infant ex- 
 istence that always causes anxiety in the hearts of the 
 sponsors of any project. True, the institution was destined still to pass 
 through difficulties and uncertainties. It was soon to face a period of 
 storm and stress, and already in 1846 there were dim premonitions of such 
 storms. But these experiences were to be critical only in the sense that 
 they were to determine the direction that the growth of the institution 
 would take. Its continued existence was never to be involved in doubt. 
 The kindly hand of Providence, the unremitting toil 
 Summary of of Dr. Schmucker, and the self-sacrificing labors of many 
 Twenty Years friends had lifted the young Seminary into a position of 
 great usefulness in the Kingdom of God. Its products 
 had gone out to many a portion of the Church that had been destitute of 
 ordained ministers and the appointed means of grace, particularly to the 
 South and the West. During the twenty years of its life it had afforded 
 training to more than two hundred students for the ministry. Of this 
 number two were Presbyterians, four German Reformed, about twenty had 
 never entered the ministry, twelve had died, and four had left the min- 
 istry, leaving more than one hundred and fifty ministers in the active service 
 of the Lutheran Church. A glance at the list of their names discloses the 
 names of the most eminent men in the American Lutheran Church of the 
 nineteenth century, preachers and pastors, Church leaders and teachers, mis- 
 sionaries, home and foreign, founders and presidents of other colleges and 
 seminaries, theologians and writers. Verily the problem that had faced 
 the Lutheran Church in America for two centuries was on the way to 
 solution. The results, after twenty years, were felt to justify in abundant 
 measure the toil and sacrifice and prayer that had been lavished on the 
 young school of the prophets. For the Lutheran Church in America had 
 begun to prophesy. 
 
 156 
 
GHAP TEREX 
 A PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD, 1846-1864. 
 
 The next two decades in the life of the Seminary constitute a period of 
 stress and strain. In this respect the Seminary only reflected the general 
 spirit of the times. It is a striking proof of the integral 
 relation of our institution to the whole Lutheran Church Controversy 
 and to American Christianity in general that when in- and Conflict. 
 , ternal discord prevailed everywhere our school was 
 not free from disturbance. Certain serious issues had to be decided and 
 from the nature of the case they could only be decided in the course of 
 controversy and conflict. This period, therefore, that covers the middle 
 age of the nineteenth century, if viewed superficially, might seem to be 
 a time of arrested development or even retrogression. But looked at in 
 the long perpective it is seen to be in reality another period of genuine 
 growth. 
 
 The life of the Seminary must be viewed against the background of 
 general conditions. The time was one of internal discord, both in Church 
 and State. The conflicting interests of the several sec- 
 tions of the nation developed a conflict between the spirit General 
 of nationality and the spirit of sectionalism. This con- Conditions 
 flict led finally to the Civil War. It created an at- 
 mosphere that profoundly affected the whole of American Christianity. The 
 spirit of sectionalism in the State had its exact parallel in the spirit of sec- 
 tarianism in the Church. The interdenominational unionism of the pre- 
 ceding period almost vanished and schism came to be regarded as a virtue. 
 There was not only a parting of the ways but often an angry parting of 
 allies—divisions and hostility and strife. Heresy trials abounded. Un- 
 lovely epithets filled the air. The human spirit was highly sensitive and 
 combative in all its interests. Party feeling ran high in every sphere. 
 Acrimonious debates occupied pulpits, stages of theaters, and pages of 
 public prints. The great immigration that swept into the Mississippi Valley 
 and beyond furnished a wide field for the competitive energies of rival 
 denominations and left permanent deposits in buildings and institutions 
 that to this day bear eloquent witness to the infection of sectarian intol- 
 erance that prevailed during this middle age of American Christianity. 
 
 One result of this intolerant partisan spirit in Amer- 
 ican Christianity was internal division and subdivision. Division 
 Not only did Protestants and Catholics make war on Everywhere 
 each other; not only were Catholics and Episcopalians 
 distracted with party strife within; not only did new sects of minor import 
 
 157 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 arise; but all the Jarger Protestant Churches, Methodists, Baptists, Pres- 
 byterians, and Lutherans were rent by schism. ‘The cause of these breaks 
 was not always the economic issue of slavery nor the political issue of 
 secession. It was sometimes doctrinal and sometimes purely personal. 
 In the controversies within the Lutheran Church of 
 Parties Among this period the issues at stake were chiefly doctrinal and 
 Lutherans confessional. There had come to be a sharp revulsion 
 from the confessional laxity of the preceding period and 
 a strong revival of denominational consciousness. This was the result 
 partly of the new vigor imparted to all American Christianity by the evan- 
 gelical revival earlier in the century. In part it was due to a renewal of 
 interest in the history and the confessions of the Lutheran Church. And 
 in part it was due to the immigration of large numbers of rigid confes- 
 sionalists from Germany and Scandinavian lands. The confessional reaction 
 was stoutly resisted by a number of influential men in the Church, and so 
 it led to internal controversies long continued and acute. From the nature 
 of the case these controversies involved deeply the Seminary at Gettysburg 
 and its energetic founder and professor of theology. Eventually they re- 
 sulted in serious disruption both in the Church and in the Seminary. The 
 shadows of this coming disruption brood heavily over the entire period 
 we are now about to review. 
 The Seminary had not been without its hostile critics 
 Critics of the from the beginning. Some ministers and laymen were 
 Seminary opposed to the idea of a theological seminary. Others 
 took exception to the institution as actually constituted, 
 especially to its location west of the Susquehanna and to the strong in- 
 fusion of English in its personnel and its curriculum. These criticisms 
 came chiefly from the remoter districts of the synods that were not in the 
 General Synod. The only answer the Seminary made to these criticisms 
 was to emphasize the teaching of German and to make a sincere effort 
 to serve the ‘whole Church. 
 One attack upon the Seminary in its infancy had 
 The Brauns seemed formidable enough to call for official notice on 
 Attack the part of the Board of Directors. It was a book pub- 
 lished in Germany in 1829 and reprinted in Philadel- 
 phia in the columns of the Amertkanischer Correspondent, a German 
 political semi-weekly. It came from the pen of Dr. J. Ernst. Ludwig 
 Brauns, of Braunschweig, and bore the title “Practical Advice for Emi- 
 grants to America.’ Dr. Brauns had come to America as a young man 
 and had been licensed by the Pennsylvania Ministerium in 1813. But he 
 had not been ordained. His “‘unministerial behavior” had subjected him to 
 the censure of the president of the Synod, and in 1818 he had returned to 
 Germany, cherishing a host of personal animosities and deeply chagrined at 
 the progress of English among the Lutheran ministers in America. It was 
 
 158 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 very probably Brauns who had opposed Dr. Kurtz when he was in Ger- 
 many soliciting funds for the Seminary. In his book he claimed to expose 
 the weaknesses in the constitution of the Seminary, laid bare the elementary 
 character of the instruction given, and held up to ridicule the pious efforts 
 and devotional exercises of its handful of students. His main theme was 
 that the Seminary was a thinly veiled effort to further the anglicising 
 process among the Lutherans of America. Dr. Schmucker was character- 
 ized as a country preacher, an Irish-German, a pseudo-German. The 
 sophistry and tergiversation of the Seminary representatives, he said, proved 
 that the Jesuits were mere children in the art of deception. All good Ger- 
 mans in Europe and America must help to make an end of the Seminary 
 as quickly as possible. ! 
 
 The book was a tissue of truths, half-truths, distorted facts, and down- 
 right falsehoods. When its materials were reproduced in the American 
 newspaper, the Seminary Board resolved to reply. Dr. 
 
 Hazelius composed a letter for publication in Europe The Seminary’s 
 and Dr. Schmucker sent a dignified reply to the columns Reply 
 of the Philadelphia Correspondent. Dr. Schmucker’s 
 
 letter had an echo in an article in the Allentowner Freibothen in which 
 the writer roundly criticizes Dr. Schmucker’s German and brands him as 
 unqualified to preside over a German Seminary. The incident did not 
 increase the opposition to the Seminary, but it may be regarded as a warn- 
 ing finger pointing to the difficulties of the next period. 
 
 As the Church expanded across the continent and as new issues arose 
 within the older synods, new synodical organizations were formed. The 
 new synods were not always formed in harmony, and as 
 the new synods resolved to support the Seminary at The Synods 
 Gettysburg and sent their representatives to its Board, on the Board 
 there soon came to be discordant elements in the Board 
 itself. The Seminary had begun in 1826 with representatives of only two 
 synods on its Board. These were Maryland and Virginia, and West Penn- 
 sylvania. The Synod of North Carolina had appointed five directors, but 
 none of them appeared until October, 1827, and only once after that was a 
 director from this state present. The Synod of Maryland and Virginia 
 was divided in 1829, but the Virginia Synod sent no representatives to the 
 Seminary Board until 1843. Meanwhile the official business of the insti- 
 tution was transacted by the appointed representatives of only two synods. 
 
 The Seminary was stronger than the General Synod and received the co- 
 operation of influential men in synods not connected with the general body, 
 but by the provisions of the constitution of the Semin- 
 ary, directors came only from the district synods of New Synods 
 the General Synod. In _ 1843, however, directors 
 from the newly formed Synod of East Pennsylvania, with W. M. Rey- 
 nolds at their head, took their place in the Board, and at the same time 
 
 159 
 
HISTORY. OFSGETIY SBURG SEMINARY 
 
 appeared the first representative of the Synod of Virginia. In 1853 the 
 Pennsylvania Synod united with the General Synod after an absence of 
 thirty years, and sent as directors of the Seminary men like Charles F. 
 Schaeffer and Benjamin Keller. Three years later the Pittsburgh Synod 
 sent its first representatives to the Board in the persons of Charles Porter- 
 field Krauth and Gottleib Bassler, and at the same time the Central Penn- 
 sylvania Synod was represented for the first time by its delegate, Henry 
 Ziegler. All these new men were forceful personalities who had joined 
 the general movement of the Lutheran Church towards higher confessional 
 ground. 
 It was in 1844 also that the Alleghany Synod sent a delegation headed 
 by Reuben Weiser, and in 1860 the Melanchthon Synod sent Benjamin Kurtz 
 | as its first director. In 1864 Matthias Sheeleigh ap- 
 Different peared as the first representative of the New Jersey 
 Synods Synod. Thus the number of synods represented in the 
 official directorate of the Seminary had increased from 
 two to nine. Both parties: in the Church at large were ably represented 
 and it was to be expected that the conflict of opinions that raged outside 
 would find a clear echo in the transactions of the Board itself. 
 Meanwhile there had been significant changes in the 
 Changes in officers of the Board. Dr. J. G. Schmucker, because of 
 Officers advancing age, resigned the presidency of the Board in 
 1839 after fifteen years of faithful service in that office. 
 He had been a zealous supporter of the Seminary in its infancy and an 
 effective agent in carrying out the purposes of his son in the official busi- 
 ness of the institution. His resignation relaxed somewhat the controlling 
 hand of S. S. Schmucker in the affairs of the Board, and it is noticeable 
 in this period that several times, though in minor matters, the decisions 
 of the Board ran counter to the recommendations of the professor of the- 
 ology. After that and during the next two decades the presidency of the 
 directors was Occupied by various persons, but chiefly by Dr. J. G. Morris, 
 an early student of Professor Schmucker and a graduate of the Seminary, 
 but a man with a growing appreciation of historical Lutheranism. 
 As early as 1840 the Seminary Board had to deal 
 
 Charges with charges against the professors. The charges were 
 Against the preferred by Benjamin Keller, pastor of the older 
 Professors Lutheran congregation in Gettysburg and at the same 
 
 time one of the directors of the Seminary. The charges 
 grew out of difficulties that were largely personal and connected with Mr. 
 Keller’s joint pastorate of the two congregations in Gettysburg and _ his 
 consequent severafice of relations with Christ Church. The Board com- 
 pletely acquitted its professors and brought about mutual forgiveness and 
 the promise of Christian forbearance among the persons involved. But 
 the incident had several echoes, one in 1845 when Keller was excluded 
 
 160 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 from the Board as a director from the Synod of West Pennsylvania on the 
 ground that he had been elected by the Ministerium after the Synod itself 
 had adjourned; the other two years later when Keller emphatically opposed 
 the increasing of Professor Hay’s salary from $400 to $600. There were 
 louder reverberations the next decade when Keller became the financial 
 agent of the Pennsylvania Ministerium in establishing the German pro- 
 fessorship at Gettysburg. 
 
 But the chief difficulties of the Seminary may be held to date from about 
 1846. In that year Professor Schmucker took a six months’ trip to Europe. 
 The immediate purpose of the trip was to attend the 
 organization meeting of the Evangelical Alliance in Lon- The Evangelical 
 don. Dr. Schmucker, as we have seen, had been highly Alliance 
 influential in bringing about this organization, and 
 he now went as an unofficial representative of the Lutheran Church 
 in the United States. Incidentally, it was hoped that such a trip 
 would be of benefit to his health, which had several times suffered serious 
 inroads under the heavy burdens of his work. But one of his foremost 
 motives in making the trip was to further the interests of the Seminary, 
 for the directors, in granting him leave of absence, specially authorized 
 him “to make collections in money, receive donations in books, and so forth, 
 and to endeavor in every Christian manner to further the interests of the 
 Seminary during his tour.’ Aiccordingly, he spent several months on the 
 continent of Europe in advance of the meeting in London. He visited all 
 the great libraries and universities and formed numerous contacts with in- 
 fluential men in the Lutheran Church of Germany. Many donations of 
 books were received from authors and publishers and libraries. Nearly a 
 thousand volumes were added to the Seminary Library in this way, most 
 of them more valuable than the books received through Dr. Kurtz twenty 
 years before. At Leipsic Dr. Schmucker was presented with a number of 
 first editions of treatises published in Reformation times. 
 
 The results of the European trip of 1846, however, were not all condu- 
 cive to the peace of the Seminary. There was a growing element in the 
 Church that did not approve of the Evangelical Alliance. 
 
 Moreover, in preparing the way for his tour, Dr. Schmucker’s 
 Schmucker had written and, with Drs. Morris, Kurtz, Letter of 1846 
 Pohlman and Schmidt, had signed a letter which was sent 
 
 to Germany for distribution in advance of his coming. The letter was a 
 description of the Lutheran Church in America. The theological position 
 of the Church was set forth in terms of Dr. Schmucker’s own theology, 
 the theology of the American Lutheran Church in 1825 and 1829. The 
 letter was addressed to the United Church of Prussia and it indicated the 
 points of similarity between the General Synod in America and the Prus- 
 sian Union in Germany. Professor Tholuck was sufficiently interested to 
 
 161 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 revise the German of the letter and attend to its publication and dis- 
 tribution. 
 Whatever may have been the effect of this letter in Germany, it is cer- 
 tain that in America it gave offense to the growing party that was reverting 
 to the stricter interpretation of the Lutheran confessions. 
 Signs of It was a clear indication that the professor of theology 
 Discord at Gettysburg would not go along with the current, but 
 on the contrary proposed to stem the rising tide of 
 confessionalism. There were forebodings of discord among the alumni 
 and constituency of the institution. Professor Hay, who was left in 
 practical charge of the Seminary during Dr. Schmucker’s absence, wrote a 
 letter to Dr. Morris, president of the Board, who was also in Europe to 
 attend the London convention. The letter related events in the life of the 
 Seminary and in the Church at large. Dr. Morris sent on the letter to Dr. 
 Schmucker in Germany with the comment: “You will see from Hay’s letter 
 that Seminary affairs look rather squally.’ This was in 1846, the first 
 year of the period we are now reviewing. 
 Concrete evidences of disaffection were soon to be 
 Complaints seen. From east of the Susquehanna came the complaint 
 About German that there was not sufficient teaching of German at 
 Gettysburg. Even some of the alumni of the Seminary 
 joined in this complaint. Some of the ministerial candidates from that 
 quarter began to resort to private tutoring for their theological instruction. 
 There was serious talk of establishing a “new theological seminary at 
 Philadelphia.” Back of the complaint about the lack of German instruc- 
 tion was of course the dissatisfaction with the doctrinal position of the 
 Gettysburg Seminary. This also invaded the ranks of the alumni, and the 
 clouds of theological controversy began to gather thick about the institution. 
 As a result Professor Hay resigned in 1848. He had 
 Hay Resigns been on the faculty only four years. There is no evi- 
 dence that he resigned because he disagreed with Dr. 
 Schmucker’s theology. His teaching in the Seminary had been confined to 
 languages and his theological views were not yet developed. And his sub- 
 sequent development was entirely in line with the position of the senior 
 professor. Nor did he resign because of the lack of support. It is true 
 that his salary was meager and the funds of the Seminary weve increas- 
 ing very slowly, but his salary had been increased during his tenure and the 
 Board during Dr. Schmucker’s absence in Europe had resolved to place all 
 Seminary moneys in a common fund and divide the income evenly between 
 the two professors. This assured him a competence. But he retired before 
 the coming storm. His uncle, Dr. J. G. Morris, and his mature friend, Dr. 
 Charles Philip Krauth, foresaw clearly the inevitable conflict in the 
 Church, and they advised the immature pastor but competent teacher of 
 languages to retire before the “squally” sea and take refuge in a pastorate. 
 
 162 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 Professor Hay’s resignation left the Seminary with only one full pro- 
 fessor. Temporary arrangement was made with Dr. Krauth, president of 
 the College, whereby for two years he gave five hours a 
 week to Seminary students, requiring them to come to Krauth Accepts 
 the College for their recitations. Three of these hours 
 were Hebrew and two Greek. The teaching of German was assigned to 
 Dr. Schmucker. Then in 1850 Dr. Krauth resigned the presidency of the 
 College to accept in full the “second professorship” in the Seminary. He 
 now had ten hours a week. In addition to the language and literature and 
 exegesis of Old and New Testaments, he taught pastoral theology, Church 
 history, and Church government. Dr. Schmucker had a schedule of nine 
 hours, one third of which was devoted to German. Thus the teaching staff 
 of the Seminary was replenished. 
 
 The coming of Dr. Krauth to a full professorship meant the introduc- 
 tion of a more conservative element into the teaching of the Seminary. 
 The personal relations between Dr. Schmucker and Dr. 
 
 Krauth were always very friendly, but Dr. Krauth’s Krauth More 
 theological position was frankly more distinctively Conservative 
 Lutheran than that of his colleague. He had studied 
 
 sympathetically the confessional writings of the Church. He had helped to 
 translate Schmid’s Dogmatics of the Lutheran Church, and in his appeal for 
 the distribution and study of that work he had written: “We would have 
 all our ministers acquainted with the symbolical books; we would have 
 them versed in the distinctive theology of the Church. We would have intro- 
 duced into our theological schools the study of the symbols and . . . pure, 
 unadulterated Lutheranism. Some points may be found untenable, some 
 may need modification . . . but, take it all in all, we do not expect it ever 
 to become obsolete. . . . The increasing desire to become acquainted with 
 the doctrines of the Church and the demand for the symbolical books are 
 symptomatic of a return to better feelings than have prevailed in regard to 
 the Church, and that the time has passed away in which we are to assume 
 every phase which may be presented to us, to glory that we are like every- 
 body, are nothing in ourselves, living only by the breath of others. These 
 are the signs . . . that the Church is returning to the sobriety of her 
 better days, and that theology, systematic and Biblical, may expect to receive 
 attention such as it deserves.” Here was a new note in the theology issuing 
 from Gettysburg. 
 
 This disparity of view, as represented on the Board of Directors and 
 now in the Faculty of the Seminary, was soon reflected among the students 
 and alumni and supporters of the institution. 
 
 The first open breach among the friends of the Seminary came with the 
 establishment of the Evangelical Review. This was a theological quarterly 
 begun as the organ of the conservative party in the General Synod with the 
 express purpose of antagonizing the party of “American Lutherans” of 
 
 163 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 whom Dr. Schmucker was the chief. It was published at Gettysburg. 
 Its editor was Dr. William M. Reynolds, one of the earliest graduates of 
 the Seminary, then a professor in the College. As assis- 
 The “Evangelical tant editors the Review announced Dr. J. G. Morris, 
 Review” president of the Seminary Board; Professor H. I. 
 Schmidt, a former professor in the Seminary; Rev. 
 C. W. Schaeffer, another alumnus, and Rev. E. Greenwald. The quarterly 
 proceeded to present articles appreciative of the Lutheran confessions and 
 of historical Lutheranism. In the very first number Dr. Krauth made his 
 appeal for the distribution and study of Schmid’s Dogmatics, and Dr. 
 Morris in an article on Luther’s catechisms expressed his delight in ob- 
 serving “strong symptoms of a revival of symbolic theology among our 
 ministers,” pointed out the signs of “a return to the family mansion by 
 those of Luther’s household in this country,’ and sharply reproved those 
 theologians who call themselves by Luther’s name but “fashion their theo- 
 logical garments after the ever-varying taste of the modern artiste.” 
 But of particular note was the introductory article 
 
 Reynolds of Editor Reynolds. In announcing the policy of the 
 Attacks publication Dr. Reynolds chanced to write that no part 
 Schmucker of the Lutheran Church in this country had ever for- 
 
 mally rejected “any of our Symbolical books.” This 
 remark, particularly the reference to “owr Symbolical books,” led Dr. 
 Schmucker to take up his pen at once to instruct his former student in the 
 confessional history of the Lutheran Church in America. Two dignified 
 articles, entitled “The Evangelical Review,” appeared in the Lutheran Ob- 
 server. Dr. Reynolds replied in the same weekly with three lengthy and 
 spirited articles in which he branded the representations of his former 
 teacher as “loose assertions” and “groundless assumptions” and “unwar- 
 ranted inferences” and attributed them to “ignorance” and “wilful per- 
 version.” He also made a general attack upon so-called “American Luth- 
 eranisin.” This Dr. Schmucker parried with two articles on “American 
 Lutheranism” in which he defended the doctrinal position of the Seminary 
 as the historical and proper doctrinal position of the Lutheran Church in 
 America. The discussion on this point did not cease until Dr. Reynolds 
 in 1850 left Gettysburg to become the president of Capital University at 
 Columbus, Ohio, and turned over the editorship of the Evangelical Review 
 to the conservative but conciliatory hand of Charles Philip Krauth. 
 Dr. H. L. Baugher, also a graduate of the Seminary 
 
 Schmucker and professor in the College and soon to be its president, 
 Attacks had written an article for the first number of the 
 Baugher Review on “Theological Education in the Lutheran 
 
 Church.” It was a worthy plea for more thorough edu- 
 cation of ministers in all stages of their training. Now there had long 
 been a difference of opinion between Dr. Schmucker and some of the col- 
 
 164 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 lege professors in regard to the admission of students into the Seminary. 
 In the case of married men or men advanced in years or men with very 
 limited means, Dr. Schmucker favored their admission without requiring 
 them to have completed the full course at the College. The College pro- 
 fessors, on the other hand, insisted upon a full college course in all cases, 
 and held that if a candidate for the ministry could not take a full course in 
 both institutions it would be preferable to omit the Seminary course. Dr. 
 Baugher’s article in the Review was very general in its statements and 
 made its appeal to the synods for better support of all our educational insti- 
 tutions. But one of the paragraphs Dr. Schmucker understood to be in- 
 tended as a stricture on the Seminary for admitting men without adequate 
 preliminary training. Accordingly, he wrote to the Observer repudiating 
 the alleged charge of Dr. Baugher and stoutly defending the practice of 
 the Seminary in admitting students. Here, then, was a second line of 
 controversy growing out of the birth of the Evangelical Review. 
 
 The appearance of the second number of the Review only intensified 
 the differences among the friends of Gettysburg. Among other articles 
 it presented a brilliant paper by Charles Porterfield 
 Krauth, son of Professor Krauth and an alumnus of Kurtz Attacks 
 the Seminary, on the subject, “The Relation of our Con- Krauth 
 fessions to the Reformation.” This called forth heavy 
 condemnation from the “American Lutherans” and vigorous applause from 
 the “Old Lutherans.” Dr. Kurtz, editor of the Lutheran Observer, declared 
 that the Review was “the most sectarian periodical he ever read.” But Dr. 
 Reynolds wrote: “The fact is there is a large body of men in our Church 
 who have no knowledge of her history, no sympathy with her doctrines, no 
 idea of her true character, and whose whole conception of the Church is 
 that of a kind of mongrel Methodistic Presbyterianism, and of this party 
 Drs. S. S. Schmucker and Kurtz are the coryphaei.” 
 
 Another contributor of conservatizing articles to the Young 
 Review was Beale M. Schmucker. He was a son of the Schmucker 
 Professor and an alumnus of the Seminary and of course Conservative 
 
 he avoided all personal references in his writings. Other 
 pens were enlisted in the literary battle, on both sides of the conflict, and 
 protracted and unedifying debates resulted. 
 
 It would be manifestly impossible to. present here any details of these 
 spirited discussions. It is sufficient for our purpose to have pointed out 
 that the friends of the Seminary had become divided 
 in their allegiance and loyalty, that the Professor of The Seminary’s 
 Theology was obliged to defend his position against Friends Divided 
 attacks from alumni and members of the Board of 
 Directors, and that the Seminary had become the storm center of pro- 
 tracted controversies, bitter and discordant as the times. There were 
 
 165 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 many sad forebodings that the line of cleavage in the Church would even- 
 tually cut straight through the Seminary at Gettysburg. 
 One event in this warfare of opinions calls for special 
 The Definite mention because of its bearing on the history of the 
 Platform Seminary. We refer to the appearance of the “Definite 
 Synodical Platform.” This came in 1855. The contents 
 of the document and the circumstances under which it was published have 
 already been set forth. It was the last stand of Dr. Schmucker and his 
 party of “American Lutherans” against the changing spirit of the Church. 
 The total effect of its appearance was to increase greatly the line of division 
 among the constituency of the Seminary. For no sooner had the proposed 
 “Platform” appeared than it became the object of vigorous attack and 
 defense in the Church press and in synodical conventions. When it became 
 known that Dr. Schmucker was the author of the document the attacks 
 were directed against him, his theological position and his institution. 
 One of the first effects of the appearance of the 
 Krauth Differs “Platform,” so far as the Seminary was concerned, was 
 with Schmucker to widen the doctrinal breach between Dr. Schmucker 
 and his colleague on the Faculty. Dr. Krauth made no 
 secret of his aversion to the document. “The American Recension of the 
 Augsburg Confession,” he wrote to his son, “doesn’t seem to go down well. 
 It has received many hard blows. My colleague doesn’t disclaim the author- 
 ship, so that it has a daddy. A more stupid thing could hardly have been 
 originated, taking the standpoint of its projectors. Quem Deus vult perdere 
 prius dementat. How will it end? I have thought in smoke. But I have 
 all along had fears, and they are strengthened of late, that it will divide 
 the General Synod. It is said that my colleague is determined to press 
 the matter to the utmost. I suppose he thinks that he has drawn the 
 sword, thrown away the scabbard, and now must fight. For myself I do 
 not feel a particle of uneasiness, but I regret exceedingly the injury which 
 the Church is sure to sustain. Mr. Passavant’s idea of a paper in oppo- 
 sition to the Observer I approve. There ought to be an antidote to the 
 Observer somewhere.” 
 This determined stand of Dr. Krauth was published and it greatly 
 disappointed Dr. Schmucker. A little later Dr. Schmucker voiced his 
 grievances against his colleague. He frankly com- 
 
 Schmucker plained of Dr. Krauth’s “failure on any suitable occa- 
 Aggrieved at sion to express any public sympathy in behalf of the 
 Krauth efforts of American Lutherans to resist the in- 
 
 cessant assaults of the Old School party, which 
 must naturally have led hundreds of our ministers and intelligent laymen to 
 infer that his sympathies were not with American Lutheranism.” He also 
 deplored Dr. Krauth’s outspoken opposition to the Definite Platform, “de- 
 nouncing it more violently than most other opponents.” Dr. Schmucker 
 
 166 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 charged that his colleague’s administration of the Evangelical Review has 
 always been in “vindication of the Symbolical System.” So it was clear 
 that the Seminary Faculty was divided. 
 
 The Professor of Theology in the Seminary was placed on the defen- 
 sive before the Church. The Evangelical Review strongly inveighed 
 against “Schmucker’s Symbols” and warned that this 
 
 “awful movement” proposed in the Definite Platform / Schmucker 
 might become the means of “splitting the Lutheran on the 
 Church of America into ten thousand scattered frag- Defensive 
 
 ments.” Dr. Krauth helped to refute the Definite Plat- 
 
 form and declared that he had never given any special recommendation 
 of Schmucker’s “Popular Theology.” The Church papevs in the German 
 language were very outspoken in their dissatisfaction with the entire sit- 
 uation at the Seminary and hinted at a new institution to conserve genuine 
 Lutheranism and the German language. 
 
 The chief channel for the discussion of the subject was the Lutheran 
 Observer. Here the outpourings of both sides were published, although 
 the editor, Dr. Benjamin Kurtz, vigorously defended Dr. Schmucker and 
 the Platform. 
 
 In defending himself and his Seminary, Dr. Schmucker repeatedly and 
 in great detail explained that his theological position had not changed. 
 Some of his lines in this connection are fairly pathetic, 
 
 as, for example, when he writes: ‘On this basis the’ Schmucker 
 General Synod—at whose organization, in 1820, we Explains and 
 were present—was founded. On the same basis was Pleads 
 
 the Theological Seminary of the General Synod 
 
 erected, and in accordance with this basis all its instructions have hitherto 
 been given. Since then strangers have come from abroad professing a 
 different platform, and, unacquainted with our American institutions and 
 Church, have, in various papers and on numerous occasions, censured us for 
 not teaching what we never promised, and were never expected to teach; 
 and have even termed us perjured for alleged violation of obligations which 
 we never assumed. With few exceptions, we have made no reply, but 
 trusted to the good sense and better knowledge of the American churches. 
 A few younger brethren also, whom we have trained in accordance with 
 the doctrinal basis of the General Synod and her Seminary, have changed 
 some of their views, and now sympathize on some points with those above 
 referred to. Far be it from us to censure them, or to withdraw from them 
 our affection. Let them faithfully search the Scriptures, and act out their 
 convictions of duty, as we have endeavored to do, and ‘He to whom is 
 given all power in heaven and on earth,’ will assuredly over-rule all for His 
 glory. But this we ask of all, after so many years of laborious service in 
 the Church, let those who differ from us remember that they have changed, 
 not we; let us not be charged with unfaithfulness to our vows, or to the 
 
 167 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 interests of our American Lutheran Zion, as long as we inculcate the same 
 views and maintain the same doctrinal platform on and for which we were 
 appointed, and which are still maintained by the great mass of our Amer- 
 ican Lutheran ministry and churches.” Dr. Schmucker used the columns 
 of the Observer and the pages of the Review and finally resorted to sep- 
 arate publications. Right earnestly he pleaded that the discussion might 
 be carried on in the spirit of the Master. 
 But Dr. Schmucker’s explanations did not satisfy. 
 The Breach Arguments of logic were of no avail against the domi- 
 Widens nant spirit of combat. The Church had changed beyond 
 recall and the spirit of conciliation had taken flight 
 from among the friends of Gettysburg Seminary. When an article appeared 
 anonymously defending Schmucker and setting forth in detail that it was 
 Baugher, Morris, Reynolds and Krauth who had changed their theological 
 positions, some of these men replied. President Baugher branded his for- 
 mer teacher as “a disturber of the peace.” Dr. Krauth, with unusual vigor, 
 repudiated the charge of inconsistency. Dr. Morris frankly confessed that 
 his position had changed and gloried in it. And so the breach had widened 
 beyond repair. 
 Early in 1856, a serious effort was made to arrest the controversy. The 
 effort originated with Professors Stoever and Muhlenberg of the College 
 of Gettysburg, representatives respectively of the anti- 
 The Pacific ‘symbolists and the conservatives. A statement entitled 
 Overture “Pacific Overture” was circulated and signed by sixty- 
 four prominent men in the Church, ministers and lay- 
 men, among them the chief leaders on both sides of the conflict. It was 
 a promise to desist from further controversy and to abide by the doctrinal 
 basis of the General Synod. But Dr. Schmucker in signing the “Overture” 
 had expressly reserved the right to answer in a friendly way and in a 
 separate publication the pamphlet of Dr. W. J. Mann on “A Plea for the 
 Augsburg Confession.” This reservation called forth a vicious attack on 
 Dr. Schmucker’s integrity from Theophilus Stork, of Philadelphia, a 
 graduate of the Seminary and a former member of its Board of Directors. 
 To this attack Dr. Schmucker made reply, and so the controversy con- 
 tinued in spite of the “Overture.” 
 Loud echoes of the controversy were soon heard in 
 Mann and the Board of Directors of the Seminary. For events 
 Hoffman constantly tended in that direction. The debate between 
 Dr. Mann and Dr. Schmucker had indeed been con- 
 ducted on a high plane of discussion. Schmucker’s reply to Mann’s “Plea” 
 was a book of nearly two hundred pages entitled “American Lutheranism 
 Vindicated.” To this Mann responded with a book of equal size called 
 “Lutheranism in America.” ‘This was dignified polemics that made worthy 
 contributions to the literature of the Church. But not all writers were able 
 
 168 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 thus to restrain themselves. Rev. J. N. Hoffman, of Reading, a former 
 member of the Gettysburg Board, entered the controversy with a sharp 
 little book called “The Broken Platform.” It abounded in cheap denuncia- 
 tion and evoked a spirited reply from the editor of The Lutheran Observer. 
 In July, 1857, a more doughty champion of conservative Lutheranism 
 entered the lists in the person of Dr. J. A. Brown. Dr. Brown was a 
 graduate of the College at Gettysburg and in close 
 touch with the alumni of the Seminary. On the floor Brown Reviews 
 of the East Pennsylvania Synod he had presented very Schmucker’s 
 severe resolutions against the Definite Platform. In Theology 
 an extended review of Schmucker’s “American Luther- 
 anism Vindicated’ he now characterized the Professor’s theological system 
 as “The New Theology” and roundly criticized the teaching of such 
 theology to prospective Lutheran ministers. Schmucker’s view of regen- 
 eration and original sin he labeled un-Biblical and un-Lutheran and_ his 
 view of justification Romish. At the same time he disclaimed for himself 
 all leanings towards “symbolism” or the “Old Lutherans.” His review 
 marked him at once as a profound theologian and a skilled dialectitian. 
 To his indictment Dr. Schmucker made answer by calmly and deliber- 
 ately disclaiming the views attributed to him, urging more careful attention 
 to his published positions, and confidently appealing “to 
 
 everyone of more than three hundred students who have Schmucker 
 attended my instructions during more than thirty years Replies to 
 since the origin of our Seminary, and to all my col- Brown 
 
 leagues and the professors of Pennsylvania College, who 
 
 have known me and heard me teach or statedly preach during 
 this time, whether they have ever heard me dispute any one of these doc- 
 trines, and whether I do not habitually preach and teach them as fully as 
 any one of themselves? The doctrines taught in the Biblical Theology, the 
 Popular Theology, and my other publications for five-and-thirty years, I 
 stilljteach:” 
 
 As a matter of course, the entire controversy over the Definite Plat- 
 form seriously involved the influence of the Seminary. The theology of 
 the Platform was directly in line with the theology 
 that Dr. Schmucker had been teaching the hundreds of The Seminary 
 students who had come to Gettysburg. Dr. Schmucker Involved 
 soon acknowledged that his own hand had written the doc- 
 ument, and in the preface to the second edition of the Platform he declares 
 that these views are throughout consistent with the position that the General 
 Synod had occupied for thirty years, because the General Synod intro- 
 duced only a “qualified acknowledgment of the Augsburg Confession in 
 the constitution of her Theological Seminary.” In his reply to Dr. Mann 
 he says that the points in dispute ‘are all such as are left free to the indi- 
 
 169 
 
HISTORY OB GETTYSBURG, SEMINARY. 
 
 vidual judgment, both by the constitution of the General Synod and that 
 of her Theological Seminary.” As to the positions taken in the Plat- 
 form he insists that “they are the same inculcated in our Popular The- 
 ology twenty-one years ago and in our different works published 
 since * that) tines; 
 The friends of the Platform claimed the. Gettys- 
 Rival Claims burg Seminary as their own. The editor of the Luth- 
 eran Observer set forth that there are three parties of 
 Lutherans in America, the first being “the true American Lutherans headed 
 by Gettysburg and the Lutheran Observer. This body is unquestionably the 
 largest, most learned and most efficient. . . . We use the word Gettys- 
 burg as representative of the American Lutheran Church.” He even sought 
 to prove by statistics that the best products of the Seminary were the 
 result of revivals and other “new measures.” Dr. Schmucker contented 
 himself with the position that ‘the Seminary at Gettysburg was erected by 
 the hands of American Lutherans.” Others registered emphatic protests 
 against these claims. Whatever the merits of these different statements 
 concerning the Seminary’s past, in 1855 the issue was clearly this: 
 Would the Gettysburg Seminary change its theology to conform to the 
 changes in the Church, or would the Gettysburg Seminary change the 
 Church back to the positions of 1825 and 1829? 
 At this stage the matter came to the official notice of 
 
 Effort to the Seminary Board of Directors. Already in 1855, 
 Impeach hefore it was certainly known that Dr. Schmucker was 
 Schmucker the author of the Definite Platform, several voices 
 
 had been raised to call for an investigation at Gettys- 
 burg. For example, the Lutherischer Herold of New York had called on 
 the Synod of Pennsylvania to inquire through its members on the Sem- 
 inary Board whether the professors or students at Gettysburg might not 
 be implicated in the “Platform.” And Dr. Schmucker had remarked in 
 reply: “So little do some of these foreigners, even when good, know how 
 to appreciate the liberties of America, either civil or religious, so imper- 
 fectiy dc they understand the liberal principles of the General Synod.” 
 Now in 1857 Dr. Brown made formal representations to the Board of 
 Directors charging the Professor of Theology with violation of his pro- 
 fessorial oath and calling for his impeachment. But even the partisans of 
 conservative Lutheranism saw the folly of such a proceeding and no im- 
 peachment trial was held. It was a sufficient answer to the charges when 
 the Board at that session ordered all the professors to pronounce and sub- 
 scribe the constitutional oath of office. 
 
 The battle over the Definite Platform died out, but it left its scars 
 on the Seminary. From the German element in the General Synod and 
 from the German language press of the entire Church it had brought a 
 fusillade of fiery darts against the entire institution at Gettysburg. Among 
 
 170 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 those to whom the Seminary had a right to look for support it brought 
 divisions and in some cases downright alienation. Its most serious effect 
 was to diminish the influence of Dr. Schmucker in the 
 
 Church. The emphatic rejection of the Platform left Schmucker’s 
 the advocates of ‘American Lutheranism” in a hope- Influence 
 less minority and the General Synod was about to de- Wanes 
 
 velop new leaders. The times had changed greatly since 
 1825 and even 1845, and they were still changing. Neither the official 
 directorate of the Seminary nor its alumni would any longer follow im- 
 plicitly the lead of the distinguished founder of the school. 
 
 Meanwhile a development had begun within the institution that was 
 destined before long to lead to complete internal disruption. This came 
 through the co-operation of the Pennsylvania Minis- 
 
 terium in its affairs. During the first thirty years of Franklin 
 the Seminary the Pennsylvania Ministerium was not College 
 connected with the General Synod and so had no official Transferred 
 
 relations with the institution, but throughout that period, 
 
 as we have seen, the Seminary owed very much to the support of influential 
 individuals in the Ministerium. Gradually the Ministerium itself, as it 
 developed its resources and grew in Lutheran consciousness, came to 
 realize the need for a college and seminary. It had a one-third interest in 
 Franklin College at Lancaster, but this school, as we have seen, had yielded 
 nothing for the ranks of Lutheran ministers. Moreover, the Reformed 
 Synod wished to establish there its denominational school. In 1850, there- 
 fore, through the efforts of Dr. Schmucker and other Trustees of Pennsyl- 
 vania College, the [Lutheran interest in Franklin College was transferred 
 to the College at Gettysburg for the endowment of the Franklin Profes- 
 sorship of Ancient Languages. The amount that Gettysburg received by 
 this transfer was $17,169.61. The Lutheran trustees of Franklin College, 
 nearly all of whom were members of the Pennsylvania Ministerium, were 
 transferred to the Board of Pennsylvania College, and Dr. F. A. Muhlen- 
 berg, a great-grandson of the Lutheran patriarch, came from Lancaster to 
 become the first professor on the new endowment at Gettysburg. The right 
 to nominate future incumbents of the chair was vested in the Ministerium 
 of Pennsylvania. Thus the Ministerium came to be officially connected with 
 one of the institutions at Gettysburg and the number of students from 
 east of the Susquehanna and the congregations of the old Synod increased. 
 
 The next step was official co-operation in the work 
 
 of the Seminary at Gettysburg. For many years the Pennsylvania 
 Ministerium had discussed the desirability of establish- Ministerium 
 ing a seminary or using one of those already established. Needs a 
 As early as 1842 it endorsed the Theological Seminary Seminary 
 
 of the Ohio Synod, at Columbus, Ohio, and the next 
 year elected four men to act as directors of the Ohio institution. But the 
 
 171 
 
HISTORY? OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 constitution of the Columbus school limited the number of its directors 
 to eight, and the Pennsylvania representatives could not be seated. So in 
 1845 the Ministerium annulled its action concerning the seminary in Ohio, 
 and no funds or students were sent there. Four years later an effort was 
 made to establish a seminary on the territory of the Ministerium. Allen- 
 town was chosen as the place and Dr. C. R. Demme, of Philadelphia, was 
 elected as the theological instructor. But Dr. Demme declined to serve, 
 and in 1848 the project was abandoned as impracticable. The Ministerium 
 now began to look towards Gettysburg for the training of its theological 
 
 students. 
 There was now no longer the dread of absolutism and increased taxation 
 from theological seminaries that’ in 1823 had frightened so many in the 
 Ministerium, but there was now some doubt about the 
 
 Looking proper attention to German at Gettysburg. This it was 
 Towards sought to allay by calling Dr. Hazelius and Dr. Schmidt 
 Gettysburg as “German professors,’ by emphasizing constantly the 
 
 German instruction in the institution, and by pointing 
 to the large proportion of its graduates who preached German. The con- 
 fessional developments within the Pennsylvania Ministerium had been such 
 that there was also fear of the doctrinal position of the Gettysburg pro- 
 fessor of theology. However, as the conservative wing of the General 
 Synod increased in strength and decision there were prospects of a change 
 in the dominant influence at Gettysburg. If the Pennsylvania Ministerium 
 could have a man of its own, that is, a man of pronounced conservative 
 views, to teach theology at Gettysburg’ in the German language, it was 
 thought that a change in the atmosphere of that institution would be as- 
 sured. Thus the eyes of the Ministerium of Pennsylvania were turned 
 towards the Seminary at Gettysburg. 
 
 Upon the failure of the Pennsylvania Ministerium’s effort in 1846 to 
 establish its own seminary, the Board of the Gettysburg Seminary sent Dr. 
 
 Schmucker and Dr. Morris, president of the Board, as 
 Demme Elected official representatives to the meeting of the Ministerium 
 
 in 1848. These Gettysburg representatives called 
 the attention of the Ministerium to the Seminary already established and 
 “assured the synod of the willingness of the directors of that institution to 
 adopt every possible means in order to secure the friendly co-operation of 
 their body.” After some negotiations the Ministerium decided the next 
 year to accept the offer of the Gettysburg Board and to contribute an- 
 nually from three to four hundred dollars for the support of a German pro- 
 fessor, provided “such a one be appointed as will be satisfactory to us and 
 as long as he continues there.’ The Ministerium nominated Dr. Demme 
 for the professorship. At its next meeting the Gettysburg Board unani- 
 mously elected Dr. Demme to the “second professorship’ made vacant by 
 Dr. Hay’s resignation and fixed his salary and defined his department. To 
 
 172 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 the great regret of the Ministerium and the Seminary Board, Dr. Demme 
 declined the election and the official connection of the Ministerium with the 
 Seminary was not consummated. 
 
 In 1850 the Pennsylvania Ministerium renewed the suggestion of 1830 
 that the Seminary send to Germany for the incumbent of its “second pro- 
 fessorship.” This suggestion the Seminary Board 
 placed in the hands of a committee, the chairman of No Professor 
 which was young Charles Porterfield Krauth, then a from Germany 
 director from the Synod of Virginia. The committee re- 
 ported adversely on the suggestion and the Board so acted. -At the same 
 meeting the Board elected Dr. Charles Philip Krauth as “second profes- 
 sor” and sent a committee to the Pennsylvania Ministerium to explain “the 
 doings of the Board” and to “solicit their pecuniary aid.” 
 
 By this time the Ministerium had become officially identified with the 
 College at Gettysburg by endowing the Franklin Professorship, and in addi- 
 tion had determined to establish a professorship of Ger- 
 
 man language and literature in the College. The com- The Minis- 
 mittee from the Seminary asked that the new professor terium’s Pro- 
 of German at the College be requested also “to impart fessorship at 
 theological instruction in the Seminary in the German Gettysburg 
 
 language.” This the Ministerium agreed to do, pro- 
 
 vided the Seminary Board would acknowledge the German professor as a 
 member of the Seminary Faculty on a par with the other members. This 
 condition was accepted, and the Ministerium placed Rev. Benjamin Keller 
 in the field as agent to secure the necessary funds. Such success attended 
 his efforts that in 1854 the Ministerium felt warranted in choosing the 
 professor. 
 
 In the meantime the Pennsylvania Ministerium had reunited with the 
 General Synod and had chosen five men as directors of the Seminary at 
 Gettysbury. This reunion of the Ministerium with the 
 general body was suggested by the co-operation of the Mann Declines 
 Ministerium in the work of Pennsylvania College and 
 was inspired partly by the hope of taking part in the management of the Sem- 
 inary at Gettysburg. Other factors had helped to enlist the interest of the 
 Ministerium in the Seminary, such as the birth of the Evangelical Review 
 at Gettysburg and its decided stand for confessional Lutheranism, the choice 
 of Dr. Krauth, Sr., as a full professor, the election of Dr. Baugher as 
 president of the College, the Franklin Professorship, and the many voices 
 raised among the alumni on behalf of historical Lutheranism. Moreover, 
 within the Seminary directorate there was great deference to the wishes 
 of the Ministerium. When the Ministerium in 1854 nominated Dr. W. J. 
 Mann to be the German professor at Gettysburg, the Seminary Board at 
 once unanimously elected him “a member of the Faculty of the Seminary.” 
 
 173 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 When Dr. Mann declined the office the Ministerium the next year nomi- 
 nated Dr. C; F. Schaeffer, 
 While Dr. Schaeffer was considering whether or not to accept the nom- 
 ination, he learned that the Faculty at Gettysburg expected him to teach 
 only the German language and not to give instruction in 
 Schaeffer theology. So he declined the nomination. But at a 
 Accepts special meeting of the Ministerium two months later to 
 discuss this matter, it was decided to insist upon the right 
 of the German professor in the Seminary to teach “the various departments 
 of theology” in the German language, and the hope was expressed “that 
 all difficulties will be removed by the fraternal conduct and agreement of 
 the professors of the Seminary and by a cheerful subordination to the 
 necessities of the students, who are at the same time the students of the 
 Church.” The Seminary Board “cheerfully assented” to the terms laid 
 down by the Ministerium and immediately by unanimous vote elected Dr. 
 Schaeffer as “The German Theological Professor.” Dr. Schaeffer was 
 himself a member of the Board and at once accepted the election to the 
 Faculty. He took charge in the summer of 1856 and thus the Seminary 
 was furnished with a third professor. 
 The arrangement under which Dr. Schaeffer taught at the Seminary 
 was never satisfactory. Difficulties arose at once. Under the circumstances 
 it could not be otherwise. For Dr. Schaeffer was a pro- 
 Schaeffer’s nounced symbolist, one of the most rigidly orthodox 
 Position in the whole Ministerium, and he expected to use the 
 : German language to give instruction in all the the- 
 ological branches. He had married Dr. Schmucker’s sister, but there was 
 a wide divergence of theological view between him and his brother-in-law. 
 Dr. Schaeffer had learned theology from his father, Dr. F: D. Schaeffer, 
 and Dr. C. R. Demme. For three years he had taught all branches of 
 theology in the seminary at Columbus, Ohio. In 1853, when the Minis- 
 terium joined the General Synod, it was he who wrote the report of the 
 committee appointed by the Ministerium to define ‘The Confession of the 
 Evangelical Lutheran Church.” This report was printed in the Evan- 
 gelical Review and covered twenty-five pages. It defined the “confession” 
 as meaning all the symbolical books and set forth that “the doctrinal sys- 
 tem of the Church is that system, whole and entire, which is taught in” 
 the entire Book of Concord. It sought to show that this definition ‘‘cor- 
 responds to the uniform usage of the Church.” Such teachings would, of 
 course, be at sharp variance with the views taught by the other “the- 
 ological professor” in the Seminary. There were many forebodings of 
 difficulty in the new situation. 
 Dr. Schaeffer was formally inducted into office as Seminary professor 
 in April, 1856. It is significant that Rev. John Ulrich, as the representative 
 of the Directors in delivering the installation charge to the Professor, called 
 
 174 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 attention to the fact that “As a Church in this country, we are doubtless 
 approaching an important crisis. The connecting link which your appoint- 
 ment forms between the two parties in our Church will 
 invest you with a power and influence of unusual mag- The Installation 
 nitude. I charge you therefore .... to labor to allay Charge 
 the gathering storm, to pour oil on the troubled 
 waters.” He spoke of the possible difficulties in the peculiar ar- 
 rangement of the work of the Professor and strongly counseled harmony in 
 the Faculty. “I charge you to guard your divinity students against a 
 frost-bound formalism and the stereotyped ceremonies of a dead ecclesiast- 
 ical routine.” He pleaded for the cultivation of personal piety among the 
 German students, and warned against any attempt to secure unconditional 
 subscription to all or any one of the Symbols. ‘Those who can give an 
 ex animo subscription to every jot and tittle of the confessions should have 
 the privilege to do so, but if others can conscientiously do so only sub- 
 stantially, the same liberty should be given to them.” 
 
 In his inaugural address Dr. Schaeffer took a turn through the history 
 of theology, particularly the doctrine of Christ’s Person. In closing he 
 mentioned each of the symbolical books in terms of warm 
 
 commendation and showered special praise on the For- Schaeffer’s 
 mula of Concord. “May the time be not far distant Frank 
 when the Church in this country will understand its Inaugural 
 
 proper position and its true task. Then it will re- 
 ceive a new baptism of the power that comes through faith and then it will 
 accept the entire Book of Concord not only as a banner to be followed 
 but also as a formative influence in the spiritual lives of its individual mem- 
 bers. That time will come.” This frank statement of his position he said 
 he was constrained to make in the interest of conscience and sincerity, no 
 matter what might be the requirements of politeness or outward propriety. 
 At the very time of this inauguration the controversy about the Definite 
 Platform was at its height and Dr. Schaeffer was outspoken in his oppo- 
 sition. But personalities among the professors were 
 
 studiously avoided. As they taught different groups of Schmucker 
 students, Dr. Schaeffer the German-speaking students Pleads for 
 and Dr. Schmucker the English-speaking students, the Tolerance 
 
 debate was not carried into the classrooms, however much 
 
 it may have raged around the students on the campus. Dr. Schmucker was 
 magnanimous and pleaded for tolerance. “The course pursued by the min- 
 isters of the General Synod,” he wrote, “has always been a liberal one. 
 They have freely expressed their sentiments on these disputed topics, and 
 cheerfully conceded to others the same liberty. This principle pervades 
 the Constitution of the General Synod and of her Seminary. Even within 
 the last few weeks the Directors of the Seminary have listened to a vindi- 
 cation of the entire symbolic system, in the inaugural of their German the- 
 
 175 
 
HISRHORY: OF (GEDPTYSBURGASEMINA KY 
 
 ological professor, and resolved to publish it, although it advocates some 
 views rejected by the majority of the Board, and by the other members of 
 the Faculty. After such a specimen of liberality, we may well hope that 
 the propriety of any of the other professors advocating the doctrines, which 
 have from the beginning been taught in the institution, will be conceded 
 
 Dy hale 
 The work under the new arrangement began at once. The German 
 grammar was no longer taught at the Seminary. Efforts were made to 
 compel all ministerial students at the College to study 
 
 Schaeffer’s German under Dr. Schaeffer. At the Seminary those 
 Position who professed to understand only German had all their 
 Difficult studies under Dr. Schaeffer. That included about one- 
 
 third of the student body. Dr. Schaeffer, a month after 
 his work had started, reported to the Pennsylvania Ministerium that the 
 professors had manifested a very friendly disposition and had shown him 
 every possible courtesy, but he also pointed out the great difficulties in 
 his position at Gettysburg. The Seminary Directors in the fall felt it 
 necessary to define the titles and the branches of the several departments 
 and rejoiced that they could do this “to the entire satisfaction of all the 
 professors.” 
 Then the troubles began. In 1857 Dr. Schaeffer complained to the Min- 
 isterium on several counts, particularly because he “occupied a very narrow 
 sphere of action in the Seminary.” The Seminary, he 
 Troubles Begin — said, had only ten or eleven students and of these only 
 two understood German well enough to attend 
 his lectures. The Ministerium petitioned the Directors to “permit the other 
 professors to dispense with some of the less important studies in English 
 in favor of the German language and theology.” But the Directors after 
 much debate refused to deviate from the original arrangement. 
 The next year the total number of students in the 
 
 Schmucker Seminary increased to twenty-five, and ten of them were 
 Tries to German students. The Ministerium now sought to have 
 Harmonize Dr. Schaeffer entirely released from his duties in the 
 
 College so that he might give all his time to the Sem- 
 inary. This brought sharp conflict in the Seminary Board. Dr. Schmucker 
 submitted a new plan intended “to harmonize the operations of the Sem- 
 inary.” This differed in principle from the original agreement with the 
 Pennsylvania Ministerium. It assigned particular subjects to each pro- 
 fessor, allowng Dr. Schmucker nine hours, Dr. Krauth ten hours and Dr. 
 Schaeffer seven hours, each instructor to use what language he might 
 choose. Arguing for this plan Dr. Schmucker wrote: “Under the exist- 
 ing regulations, we have virtually two Seminaries, the English students 
 paying no attention to the German, and the Germans but little to the Eng- 
 lish language. The Germans thus fail to become Americanized, nothing is 
 
 176 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 done for the German language, and the entire separation of the students 
 is not favorable to the promotion of brotherly love.’ The new arrange- 
 ment was adopted by the Directors, but not without the registered protest 
 of the Directors from the Ministerium who declared the procedure uncon- 
 stitutional. 
 
 When the action of the Directors was reported to the Ministerium to- 
 gether with the statement that the majority of the German students had 
 withdrawn from the Seminary at once, the Ministerium 
 
 resolved to renew its demand that Dr. Schaeffer be au- The 
 thorized to give instruction to the German students in Ministerium 
 all theological branches, failing which a special meeting Threatens a 
 of the Ministerium was to be called to establish “the New Seminary 
 
 German branch of the Gettysburg Theological Semi- 
 
 nary” in some other locality. The committee that suggested this action con- 
 sisted of Dr. Benjamin Keller, chairman; Dr. W. J. Mann and Dr. C. W. 
 Schaeffer, nephew of the Professor. 
 
 The Seminary Directors yielded. Dr. Schaeffer had eight students that 
 year in all branches, and he reported that he had fulfilled the duties of his 
 office “with the utmost satisfaction.” But in spite of 
 these assurances, the Ministerium in 1860 because of The Breach 
 “the remoteness of the institution’ appointed a com- Postponed 
 mittee to consider “the propriety of the establish- 
 ment of a new institution of learning within the bounds of this Synod,” 
 “Where the great mass of our Lutheran population resides.” The commit- 
 tee the next year reported a plan for a theological seminary either at 
 Allentown under Dr. Schaeffer or in Philadelphia under the pastors of that 
 city, but the Civil War had now begun and the Ministerium resolved “that 
 the times and circumstances render it inadvisable at this time.’ Thus the 
 break was postponed for a few years, but the president of the Ministerium 
 every year expressed his regret that the professorship at Gettysburg was 
 yielding so few pastors for the German congregations, and Dr. Schaeffer 
 in his annual report continued to complain about the “unfavorable circum- 
 stances” surrounding the German theological students and “the insufficient 
 arrangements in our Seminary at Gettysburg for the thorough training of 
 our young men for the work of the ministry.” The cause of the friction 
 between the Ministerium and the rest of the Seminary constituency was 
 not removed. 
 
 Meanwhile on the campus of the Seminary invidious distinctions were 
 being made between the German students and the English or “American” 
 students. They constituted two distinct groups in the 
 classrooms and this tended to a lack of friendliness out- Invidious 
 side. There was many an impromptu debate on the Distinctions 
 confessional question, the German students invariably 
 taking the conservative or ‘“‘symbolist” side. The barrier of language was 
 
 177 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 always present. The German students as a group were not so well equipped 
 in preliminary training as the others, but they applied themselves more 
 diligently. They entered the institution irrespective of the Seminary cal- 
 endar, and they usually did not wait for graduation, but left whenever con- 
 gregations called them. Then, too, the Education Society of the Pennsyl- 
 vania Ministerium did not support its beneficiaries so adequately as others 
 were supported, and this made a distinction in their manner of living. 
 Some of the Directors sought to create the impres- 
 Irritation sion that the German students were better equipped on 
 Points leaving the Seminary than the others. For example, Dr. 
 Benjamin Keller and two other Directors from the Penn- 
 sylvania Ministerium reported in 1862 concerning the public examination 
 at the Seminary: ‘‘The students in their answers gave general satisfaction ; 
 but this was more especially true in reference to the German students. 
 Why this was so, the undersigned are not prepared to say. The fact, how- 
 ever, was clearly manifest that the young men in the German Depart- 
 ment answered uniformly with promptness, intelligence and accuracy.” 
 As if in reply to this implication that the work of 
 
 Contrast in Dr. Schaeffer's department was of a higher grade than 
 Methods of that of the other departments, Dr. Schmucker two 
 Teaching months later made a statement to the Directors detail- 
 
 ing the work in his own department. The statement is 
 worth recording here, not only because it shows the state of feeling in the 
 teaching staff but also because it indicates what must have been Dr. Schaef- 
 fer’s method of teaching and at the same time affords a clear view of Dr. 
 Schmucker’s courses and methods of teaching during this period. ‘During 
 the past year,” he wrote, “the seniors have been instructed, 1. In systematic 
 theology, in which, in addition to the text-book which is rigidly recited, 
 and occasional lectures on important topics in the course, I also assign to 
 each member of the class some distinguished Lutheran or other author, 
 contained in our valuable library and my own; requiring him to read the 
 author on the topic then occupying the attention of the class, and prepare 
 an abstract, which is read for the benefit of the whole class. Thus they form 
 an acquaintance with numerous distinguished authors, which may be of 
 service to them in the future. 2. The seniors have also attended to lec- 
 tures on Church government and discipline, and studied the Formula of the 
 General Synod. 3. They have also paid attention to dogmatic history. 4. 
 They completed the study of homiletics during the year and prepared a 
 skeleton per week and a sermon every three weeks during the last session. 
 5. They in connexion with the juniors engaged in regular debates and 
 speeches during the entire year, every alternate week. 
 
 “The juniors during the year were taken, 1. Through the entire course 
 of apologetics. 2. Studied psychology in its special application to theology. 
 3. Heard a course of lectures on theological encyclopedia and methodology. 
 
 178 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 4. Studied the character and refutation of the different systems of modern 
 infidelity, such as atheism, different theories of development—theories of 
 pantheism—theories of materialism—of chance—and of skepticism and 
 certitude. 5. The Juniors also commenced the subject of systematic the- 
 ology and passed over more than one-third of the system, pursuing the same 
 method of study above stated concerning the seniors. 6. They have also 
 attended to the science of dogmatic history. 
 
 “From this statement it must be evident that the course of instruction 
 is an extended one in my department, as much so I believe as in any 
 similar institution of our land; and five times as extensive as if it had 
 been confined to lectures delivered to the class and written down by them. 
 As half the time must be occupied in examining the class on the previous 
 lecture, no class could take down more than what would amount to 2 or 
 at most 300 pages of printed 8vo matter in one department per year. Now 
 if in the examination, the questions are confined to these lectures, it is evi- 
 dent the students would be able to answer them more promptly than if 
 they extended over ten times as many pages; although the general acquain- 
 tance of the student with the field of knowledge would be less. These 
 remarks and illustrations we make in order that the examination [‘of the 
 English students’ is crossed out] in the Department of Christian Theology 
 may be impartially estimated by the Board.” 
 
 The report of the Ministerium Directors implying that the German 
 students were better trained than the English was sharply resented as a 
 disrespectful reflection on the “two old, faithful and 
 well-qualified English professors” and their students. Attacks on 
 An editorial in the Lutheran Observer declared that the Schaeffer 
 report should have said “that the German young men 
 answered in stentorian voice and bellowed so harshly as to grate on the 
 nerves and shock the sensibilities of the audience.” In this connection it is 
 interesting to note that an alumnus of the Seminary writing in praise of 
 all the professors in 1860 said concerning Dr. Schaeffer: “He is represented 
 to be an able theologian and a most worthy Christian gentleman. He is, 
 I believe, somewhat deaf, which instead of being viewed as a defect, 
 should rather be regarded as a qualification, since the students must of 
 necessity learn to speak loud and distinctly. If there were a law compelling 
 the professors in all the theological schools in the land to be a little deaf, 
 the pulpits of the country might perhaps be filled with better speakers.” 
 But the Lutheran Observer in its references to Dr. Schaeffer was often far 
 from complimentary, and odious comparisons of the two groups in the 
 Seminary, their teachers and their students, often fell from tongue and pen. 
 
 These many points of irritation among the constituency of the Seminary, 
 the Directors, the alumni, the teachers, and the students, interfered with 
 the proper functioning of the institution during this period. For one thing, 
 the number of students was always disappointing. The period began with 
 
 179 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG ;SEMINARY 
 
 twelve students and the average attendance for the two decades was little 
 more than twenty. Only once, namely, in 1859 with thirty-two students, 
 did the school surpass the high mark that had been 
 
 Number of reached in 1841 when there were thirty-one. This lack 
 Students of students was a constant subject of discussion among 
 Declines the friends of the institution and many efforts were made 
 
 to stimulate a higher attendance. But with little avail. 
 The general situation in the Church militated against the concen- 
 tration of all the students of theology at any one institution. Gettys- 
 burg became a theological battlefield. Ministerial students everywhere were 
 alive to the doctrinal debate. Those of a very conservative disposition 
 turned away from Gettysburg because of the liberal position and influence 
 of Dr. Schmucker and the provisions of the Seminary’s constitution. Those 
 of a very liberal attitude turned away because of the increasingly conservy- 
 ative character of the other teachers there. From extremists on both sides 
 caine the suggestion that the Seminary ought to be abandoned and the old 
 method of private tutoring used again. In some cases the suggestion was 
 acted on, so that the Alumni Association of the Seminary felt constrained 
 to publish an elaborate argument against private tutoring and in favor 
 of institutional training as a method of ministerial education. Several times 
 also there were complaints that Lutheran students for the ministry were 
 attending non-Lutheran seminaries. 
 The number of students was further diminished dur- 
 
 Epidemic ing the early part of this period by serious sickness in 
 Among the Seminary. During the winter of 1846-1847 an epi- 
 Students demic of malignant typhoid fever broke out among the 
 
 students and four deaths occurred. There was sharp 
 division of opinion among the Directors and among the medical authorities 
 as to the cause of the trouble. These dissenting views were voiced in 
 the press and gave unfortunate publicity to the matter. At the behest of 
 the Directors, Dr. Schmucker in February, 1847, issued a circular giving 
 a history of the sickness and establishing the fact that it could not have 
 originated from anything connected with the locality or structure of the 
 Seminary building. Better means of ventilation were installed and an 
 annual course of lectures on personal hygiene was instituted. The trouble 
 did not recur, but for several years it tended to diminish the attendance of 
 students. 
 Doubtless the chief cause of the small number of students is to be found 
 in the rise of other theological schools in our Church. When the Gettysburg 
 Seminary was first established there was only one other 
 Other Semi- Lutheran institution in the country professing to train 
 naries Arising ministers. That was Hartwick, and it was so far away 
 and so different in nature that there was no competi- 
 tion whatever between the two schools, and most friendly relations 
 
 180 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 existed. But with the passing of the years other institutions arose and after 
 a while they began to trench somewhat on Gettysburg’s solitary control of 
 the field of theological education. First came the Synod of South Carolina 
 with its seminary at Lexington and afterwards at Newberry. Then came 
 the Synod of Ohio with its seminary at Columbus. A little later Witten- 
 berg College and Seminary opened its doors and began its aggressive 
 career. Then under the name of Illinois State University there was estab- 
 lished at Springfield, Illinois, a college with a theological department. The 
 founding of the institutions by the Scandinavians and the Germans of 
 Missouri, Iowa and Buffalo, had no effect on Gettysburg as they served a 
 very different constituency. But of the other institutions we have 
 mentioned each claimed for itself a small corner of the field that Gettys- 
 burg had sought to culivate. The subtraction was felt very slightly at 
 first, but increasingly with the years. Throughout this period the Sem- 
 inary at Gettysburg was easily the largest and best endowed. Neverthe- 
 less its field was becoming more and more restricted and its standing in 
 the eyes of the entire Church was now the standing of one among many. 
 The multiplication of institutions without a corre- 
 
 sponding increase in the total number of theological Removal from 
 students naturally called forth some demands for econ-_ Gettysburg 
 omy. Several times the suggestion was made that while Suggested 
 
 colleges might be territorial, the seminaries ought all 
 
 to be consolidated. Those suggestions always came from friends of Gettys- 
 burg and proposed consolidation of the weaker seminaries at the home of 
 the strongest. The suggestions received little attention. But after the 
 Pennsylvania Ministerium re-united with the General Synod and began to 
 co-operate in the Gettysburg schools the proposal was several times made 
 that the Seminary at Gettysburg should be removed to some more central 
 location. In 1854 the subject of removal was widely discussed and the 
 usual arguments pro and contra were submitted. Against Gettysburg was 
 argued its inaccessibility and its distance from the center of Lutheran 
 population. In favor of Gettysburg was argued its history and equipment 
 and its remoteness from the distractions of town and city. It is notice- 
 able, however, that when the railroad from Hanover to Gettysburg was 
 completed in 1858, the institutions at Gettysburg officially participated in 
 the rejoicing. The suggestion of removal was officially presented to the 
 Directors of the Seminary in the fall of 1854. It received a “decided neg- 
 
 ” 
 
 ative,’ and for forty years it was not seriously renewed. 
 
 Many efforts were made to increase the attendance Efforts to 
 at the Seminary. Appeals were issued from the pulpit Increase 
 and through the press. Special energy was applied to Attendance 
 
 the work of the Parent Education Society and its aux- 
 iliaries in the hope of being able to support more beneficiaries. But all in 
 vain. No external device could remedy the “paucity of students.” It was 
 
 181 
 
HISTORY OF .GETTYSBURG ‘SEMINARY 
 
 a general condition of the times. Other Churches, such as the Presby- 
 terian and the Congregationalist, had internal problems similar to those 
 that distracted the Lutheran Church and their seminaries showed the effect. 
 Princeton and Alleghany, Yale and Andover, all bemoaned their decrease in 
 attendance. It was a problem that awaited the birth of a new period for 
 its solution. 
 
 It is significant also that the financial growth of the Seminary during 
 this period did not meet expectations. The chief agency for increasing the 
 
 funds of the institution was the Alumni Association. 
 A Mounting During the first three years of its existence, we have 
 Debt seen, the Association recorded subscriptions for endow- 
 ment and current expenses that totaled more than 
 $15,000. These efforts were continued during the first part of the period 
 now under review. Agents were kept in the field, the professors canvassed 
 for funds, individual alumni were asked to help, but the amounts that were 
 gathered each year steadily diminished until in 1857 it was only seventy 
 dollars. Then the financial efforts of the Alumni Association ceased for 
 nearly ten years and the only attempt made to increase the funds of the 
 Seminary were the unsystematic appeals of pastors in their own congre- 
 gations. These did not yield much, and the salaries of the Seminary pro- 
 fessors during this period never reached a thousand dollars. To make the 
 necessary repairs on the Seminary property the treasurer was obliged to 
 assume a debt, which in 1861 amounted to $2000. Then the vice president 
 was authorized to attend the meetings of the supporting synods and secure 
 small subsidies to liquidate the debt and provide a contingent fund for cur- 
 rent expenses. In this way the Seminary was tided over the period of the 
 Civil War. The funds gathered by Dr. Benjamin Keller and Professor 
 Schaeffer for the endowment of the German Theological Professorship 
 and for the purchase of the German professor’s house in Gettysburg were 
 kept by the Pennsylvania Ministerium and did not increase the assets in 
 the hands of the Seminary treasurer. 
 The slow increase in the funds of the Seminary dur- 
 Alumni Cold ing this period was due in part to the alienation of many 
 of the alumni. Both the extreme right and the extreme 
 left were dissatisfied with the theology taught at the Seminary, and they 
 felt the future to be uncertain. Some of the pastors, therefore, reported 
 that they found it unpleasant to try to collect the money that had been sub- 
 scribed. The agents of the Alumni Association sometimes reported that 
 they found their way blocked so that they could gain no access to many of 
 the congregations. 
 
 Moreover, among the friends and supporters of Gettysburg, the College 
 was now constantly making its appeals. After 1850, when Dr. Baugher 
 was president of the College and Dr. Schmucker in charge of the Seminary, 
 the relation between the two institutions was in some respects almost that 
 
 182 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 of’ competition. This was doubtless the significance of Dr. Baugher’s public 
 statement in 1851 that “the Theological Seminary at 
 Gettysburg has been comfortably endowed” and_ that The College 
 therefore the Church should now turn its support to the Appeals 
 College, remarking, however, that “in doing this we 
 would not encroach on the domain of any other like institution.” 
 Not the least of the factors that interfered with the financial prosperity 
 of the Seminary was the economic depression which spread over the country 
 in 1857 and 1858. The staple crops in a large part of 
 the country were a failure. There was much financial Economic 
 stringency and many banks suspended operations. The Depression 
 benevolent work of the Church suffered greatly and the | 
 agents of educational institutions had little success in their appeals. 
 The country had scarcely recovered from this financial panic when it was 
 plunged into the turmoil of Civil War, and again for some years the times 
 were most unfavorable for improving the finan- 
 ces of benevolent institutions. When at last 
 the clouds of battle lifted, the Seminary at 
 Gettysburg had drifted into more rapid waters 
 and a new and different period in its life had 
 begun. 
 
 For during the closing years of the War 
 great changes had taken place in the Seminary 
 Faculty. Dr. Schmucker had 
 resigned and retired. His Schmucker 
 resignation as_ theological Resigns 
 professor and chairman of 
 the Faculty was an exceedingly important event 
 and marked an epoch in the history of the 
 Seminary. Dr. Schmucker was only sixty-five SAMUEL SIMON 
 years old and he still had nearly ten years of SCHMUCKER 
 active life before him. But he had labored As he appeared at the t:me 
 long and hard, he had worked year after Mig shi agate 
 year without intermission, his health had several times been im- 
 paired, and he was now feeling the weight of the years. This 
 was the chief reason for his resignation. In the touching — letter 
 that he wrote to the Directors August 9, 1864, when he presented his 
 resignation, he referred to the men who had co-operated with him forty 
 years before in establishing the Seminary and said: “Many of these dear 
 brethren have entered into the eternal world before me, and it cannot be 
 very long before some of us will be called to join them.” He set forth 
 three reasons that influenced him in tendering his resignation at that time. 
 “1. The gradual and natural increase of the infirmities of age. I formerly 
 thought no man ought to hold such a responsible and laborious post as that 
 
 183 
 
 
 
 * 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 assigned me after he had passed the meridian vigor of life, say fifty, or at 
 most sixty years of age, but should assume some easier post and there labor 
 years longer. But as I successively passed these periods, I was not con- 
 scious myself of any marked decline of vigor, and therefore have retained 
 the post, which I, however, now feel it a duty to resign to younger and 
 more active hands, whilst I propose to labor for the Kingdom of my God 
 and Savior in various ways, especially by literary efforts . .. 2. A 
 desire to have more time at command than my duties in the Seminary 
 allowed me for the execution of some literary enterprises, which I hope 
 may redound to the glory of God and the benefit of His Church. 3. I have 
 also, after having looked at the state of the Church for several years, 
 thought the present as favorable a time as would soon be offered, to elect 
 a successor who would carry on the work to which my life has been de- 
 voted, in the same liberal spirit in which this institution was founded and 
 has been thus far conducted: granting liberty of opinion in regard 
 to those non-fundamental points on which the churches of the Gen- 
 eral Synod claim and exercise this right.” 
 The third reason which Dr. Schmucker assigns for 
 His Leadership his resignation is highly significant. The “state of the 
 Gone Church” seriously involved his Seminary and his own 
 personal influence. In the battle over the confessions 
 he had fought most valiantly. But he had lost. The weight of numbers 
 was all against him. The Church had changed in many ways since 1826. 
 It had changed immensely and beyond recall. In the Board of Directors, 
 on the Faculty, among the alumni, among his relatives and in his own 
 family, the battle had gone against him. His sublime position of solitary 
 leadership was gone. As his son has put it: “The unhappy Definite Plat- 
 form controversy. . . . alienated from him many former friends and 
 clouded the evening of his days.” Dr. Schmucker realized that the spirit 
 of internal discord was abroad in the land, that it prevailed in the Lutheran 
 Church as in the other Churches, and that it brooded over the affairs of 
 the Seminary at Gettysburg. The spirit of strife was interfering with the 
 inner workings of his beloved institution and with its continued growth. 
 He honestly believed that younger shoulders might more successfully bear 
 the burden and a new hand at the helm might direct the school into more 
 placid waters. These considerations led him to resign. 
 As late as 1861 the charge had been renewed that he 
 His Theology had changed his. theological position and so had violated 
 Unchanged his professor’s oath. The charge was made in a lengthy 
 article published in The Lutheran and claiming to come 
 from one of the Directors of the Seminary. Some of Dr. Schmucker’s 
 friends retorted in sharp terms in the columns of the Observer. Dr. 
 Schmucker himself replied calmly but vigorously, proving that his doc- 
 trinal position had not changed. The controversy extended to the pages 
 
 184 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 of the Missionary and the Olive Branch and only subsided with the out- 
 break of the Civil War. If Dr. Schmucker had retained his post the 
 close of the War would certainly have brought a renewal of confessional 
 hostility against him. This would have meant more controversy, for he 
 never allowed an attack upon his position to go unanswered. Coolly and 
 confidently he replied to every critic and finally in his letter of resignation 
 proved once more his faithfulness to his vow and his consistency in his 
 theology. This he did, as he said, “in justice to the Institution and myself, 
 and in view of the future history of the Institution and the Church.” Dr. 
 Schmucker may have become weary of body in serving the Seminary, but 
 he was unbroken in spirit. He may have seen himself in a hopeless 
 minority, but he was sure he was right. Only his conviction that under all 
 the circumstances some other hand might now serve his Seminary better 
 than his own brought forth his resignation. 
 
 In accepting Dr. Schmucker’s resignation the Board of Directors paid 
 a glowing tribute to his eminent merit in founding the Seminary and build- 
 ing it up. And well they might. Thirty-eight years 
 he had spent in active service for the Seminary, and His Work for 
 through all that time the institution was never out of the Seminary 
 his thoughts. More than four hundred ministers had gone 
 out from the school, and all but a very few had been moulded by his guid- 
 -ing hand. The library he had helped to build up to nearly 11,000 volumes. 
 Out of a Church that before 1826 had never raised $500 for any benev- 
 olent object except the Orphan House at Halle, he had gathered more than 
 $25,000 for the institution. His position as teacher he had always filled 
 with great credit and his position as administrator with dignity and merit. 
 The Directors therefore recorded “the universal sentiment of gratitude 
 which is felt to be due to one who has devoted the labors of an ordinary 
 lifetime to our beloved institution and who now, amid the increasing in- 
 firmities of age, still proposes to consecrate the remnant of an active and 
 useful life to the service of the Church in a less conspicuous position.’ At 
 the same time they resolved to retain his name in the catalogue of the 
 Seminary as “Professor Emeritus” during his lifetime. 
 
 The selection of a successor to Dr. Schmucker was fraught with serious 
 possibilities. The Directors realized that the eyes of the whole Church 
 were upon them. The matter had been widely dis- 
 cussed. Dr. Schmucker’s resignation was not unex- The Question 
 pected. For several years there had been hints at the of a Successor 
 possibility of having a “‘symbolist” as professor of theol- 
 ogy at Gettysburg. When Dr. Schmucker in February, 1864, gave notice that 
 he would resign the following August, the speculation concerning his suc- 
 cessor became acute. Would the choice of the Directors satisfy the Penn- 
 sylvania Ministerium and the rest of the conservative element in the Church 
 and so prevent the establishment of another Seminary? The problem had 
 
 185 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 many factors, such as doctrinal position, personality, language and geog- 
 raphy. There were many persons who advocated the election of the 
 younger Krauth as the teacher of theology at Gettysburg. He had become 
 an ardent and profound exponent of the theology of the Lutheran Con- 
 fessions. For nearly three years he had been conducting The Lutheran and 
 Missionary as its general editor and his articles in that paper were in- 
 creasingly conservatizing. His long series of editorials on the Augsburg 
 Confession had marked him both as a thorough-going Lutheran and as a 
 profound theologian. If he could have been placed in the strategic position 
 at Gettysburg the breach in the Church might have been avoided. 
 But Charles Porterfield Krauth was now recognized as a partisan ad- 
 vocate of the conservative cause. Moreover, his conduct of his paper had 
 aroused animosity against him. The possibility of his 
 Young Krauth election seemed remote. Several times the complaint 
 Desired was uttered that the Pennsylvania Ministerium did not 
 have enough representatives on the Gettysburg Board 
 of Directors. Early in April there was published in The Lutheran and Mis- 
 sionary a list of the names of the Directors of the Seminary for the 
 enlightenment of those who were speculating concerning Dr. Schmucker’s 
 successor. It was clear from this that Krauth could not be elected. At 
 the meeting of the General Synod the next month the Gettysburg profes- 
 sorship was thoroughly discussed in private circles and the men of the 
 Pennsylvania Ministerium realized clearly that the leading spirits among 
 the Gettysburg Directors could not be brought to favor Krauth. Later in 
 that convention, the delegation of the. Pennsylvania Ministerium withdrew 
 in pretest against the admission of the Franckean Synod. This action 
 threatened to disrupt the General Synod and dissipated all hopes that might 
 have been cherished concerning a compromise on the Gettysburg chair of 
 theology. Accordingly, a few weeks later, the Pennsylvania Ministerium 
 in regular session resolved to establish its own theological seminary. At a 
 special meeting late in July the Ministerium selected the professors of the 
 new seminary and Charles Porterfield Krauth was one of them. The die 
 was Cast. 
 When, therefore, the Gettysburg Directors assembled in August to elect 
 the new professor, Dr. Krauth’s name was not presented. Five men were 
 placed in nomination. These were Rev. Milton Valen- 
 Brown tine, of Reading; Rev. Dr. J. A. Brown, of York; 
 Chosen Rev. Dr. Ey Greenwalt, of Easton; Rev) Prof. G.2r 
 Schaeffer, of Gettysburg, and Rev. Dr. C. A. Hay, of 
 Harrisburg. After a free interchange of views all of these names were with- 
 drawn except that of Dr. Brown. On the first ballot he received all but 
 four votes, and on motion of Dr. C. W. Schaeffer, a delegate from the 
 Ministerium, the election was made unanimous. 
 The selection of Dr. Brown was cordially received by the Church in 
 
 186 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 general. He was tried and proved, in pulpit, in pastorate, and in the 
 professor’s chair. He had come into prominence by his vigorous attack 
 upon the Definite Platform and its theology. But he 
 
 was no extremist. To the conservative element he was Brown’s 
 acceptable because of his valiant service in the fight on Position 
 the Definite Platform. To the more liberal element he 
 
 was acceptable because of his moderate views on the matter of confessional 
 subscription. He himself had openly declared that he had “no leaning 
 towards symbolism and no motive to oppose those who take to themselves 
 the name of American Lutherans.” The editor of the Lutheran and Mis- 
 stonary complimented him on his “fine abilities, his inflexible conscientious- 
 ness, his untiring industry, and his high order of scholarship.” The editor 
 of the Lutheran Observer hailed his election with joy and remarked on 
 “his thorough scholarship, his soundness as a theologian, his broad view 
 of Christian truth, untrammeled by the narrow prejudices of sectarian 
 littleness, his evangelical spirit and Christian catholicity.” In some quar- 
 ters efforts were made to represent his election as a condemnation of 
 Dr. Schmucker, because of their encounter on the question of the Definite 
 Platform a decade earlier. But Dr. Schmucker’s friends made it clear that 
 there was row no personal animosity between Dr. Schmucker and Dr. 
 Brown and that Dr. Schmucker had been one of the warmest advocates 
 of Dr. Brown’s election. | 
 
 But Dr. Brown’s election could not prevent disruption in the Seminary 
 or in the Church. The Philadelphia Seminary was on the way. The 
 Faculty and the Board of Directors had been elected 
 and Mr. Charles F. Norton, a son-in-law of Benjamin A New 
 Keller, had given the handsome sum of $30,000 to endow Seminary 
 the first professorship. Accordingly, this review of 
 the period of internal discord in the Gettysburg Seminary cannot close 
 without recording a narrative of the internal disruption. 
 
 The founding of the Philadelphia Seminary was not the first definite 
 breach in the ranks of the Gettysburg constituency. Already in 1858 the 
 Missionary Institute had been established at Selinsgrove, 
 
 Pa. This was largely the work of Dr. Benjamin Kurtz Wants a 
 Kurtz, the stormy petrel of “American Lutheranism.” New School 
 Dr. Kurtz was very impatient of liturgies and symbols 
 
 and a zealous advocate of revival methods and other so-called “new meas- 
 ures.” As editor of the Lutheran Observer for many years he exerted a great 
 influence. After the incident of the Definite Platform he felt the tide going 
 strongly against “American Lutheranism”; he saw that Dr. Schmucker 
 was no longer in control of affairs at Gettysburg, and in 1856 he began 
 to argue editorially for a new institution for the training of ministers. 
 He who had labored so much on behalf of the Gettysburg Seminary now 
 set forth that there was “something wanting.” Colleges and seminaries, 
 
 187 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 he said, were “inadequate instrumentalities” to provide the ministry needed 
 for the times. There must be “more effective and expeditious measures.” 
 His idea was not to provide an institution that would compete with the 
 Seminary at Gettysburg, but one that would supplement it. He had in mind 
 particularly married men and unmarried men too old to take a full course, 
 men “thoroughly converted and devoutly pious, of good natural sense and 
 robust health, not emaciated by sedentary habits,” who might study for a 
 few months or a few years, as the case might require, and thus help to meet 
 the crying need for more ministers. 
 
 The next year the matter was presented to the Gettys- 
 
 Gettysburg burg Directors. A committee was appointed to prepare 
 Will Not a plan for “the establishment of a missionary depart- 
 Change ment in connection with this Seminary.’ The report of 
 
 that committee was not adopted and a new committee 
 was appointed, with Charles Porterfield Krauth as chairman, to prepare 
 for circulation ‘‘a statement of the facts which prove that our Theological 
 Seminary has throughout secured all the objects of a mission institute 
 which are compatible with joust principles in regard to ministerial educa- 
 tion.” It was evident that Dr. Kurtz could not effect a change in the 
 established policy of the Seminary at Gettysburg. But there remained the 
 possibility of a new institution. 
 A few months after this action of the Gettysburg 
 On the Directors, Dr. Kurtz and a few kindred spirits organized 
 Susquehanna the Melanchthon Synod on the territory of the Maryland 
 Synod. The first item of business transacted by the 
 new Synod, after the adoption of its “articles of faith,” was the hearty 
 endorsement of “the contemplated Missionary Institute.” The next year 
 the new school began at Selinsgrove with Dr. Kurtz as superintendent. 
 The Missionary Institute claimed to have a sphere and mission quite dis- 
 tinct from that of the Gettysburg Seminary, and did not at once make 
 itself felt as an encroachment on the older institution. Even the 
 Melanchthon Synod supported Gettysburg and sent Directors there. In 
 the perspective of the years, however, it is clear that the founding of the 
 Institute at Selinsgrove in 1858 was in reality a breach among the sup- 
 porters of Gettysburg because of a difference of opinion as to ministerial 
 education. It was a falling away of those on the extreme left, though 
 in course of time it tended to become simply another territorial restric- 
 tion of the Gettysburg Seminary. 
 The founding of the new seminary in Philadelphia 
 Faculty had a more immediate effect upon the history of the 
 Disrupted Gettysburg institution. For one thing, it withdrew one 
 of the three professors from the Gettysburg Faculty 
 Dr. C. F. Schaeffer had been elected the first regular professor of the new 
 institution. But exactly two weeks after his election he sent a communica- 
 
 188 
 
PERIOD OF INTERNAL DISCORD 
 
 tion to the Gettysburg Directors at their regular meeting, stating that he 
 would remain at Gettysburg and “would continue his labors in the institution 
 without interruption.” Nevertheless, three weeks later he had yielded to 
 the insistence of the Philadelphia Directors and was on his way to Phila- 
 delphia, and on October 3rd he was inaugurated as a teacher in the new 
 Seminary. He was made chairman of the new Faculty. Events had moved 
 more rapidly than Dr. Schaeffer had at first anticipated. His eventual 
 resignation from the Gettysburg Faculty was only logical and might have 
 been expected, but feeling was just then running high among the parties in 
 the Church, and his sudden departure was deeply resented. The Directors 
 at their special meeting the following April adopted a sharp resolution 
 declaring that Dr. Schaeffer had broken his word and violated his solemn 
 pledge and expressing their “most decided disapprobation of a course so 
 eminently reprehensible.” The resolution was ordered sent to Dr. Schaeffer, 
 to the Board of Directors of the new Seminary, and to the Ministerium 
 of Pennsylvania. It was the opening shot of a battle which extended over 
 many years, but which it is not in the scope of this volume to record. Suf- 
 fice it to say that the Seminary at Gettysburg never recovered the services 
 of a professor supported by the Pennsylvania Ministerium. The with- 
 drawal of Dr. Schaeffer made a vacancy that could not at once be filled, 
 because the funds that had supported him at Gettysburg remained in the 
 hands of the Ministerium and were now used to support him in Philadel- 
 phia. 
 
 The official directorate of the Seminary also suffered a serious break in 
 its ranks. When the Directors elected by the Pennsylvania Ministerium 
 appeared at the meeting in Gettysburg in August, 1865, 
 their right to seats was challenged. After a protracted Board 
 and spirited discussion it was decided, twelve to six, to Disrupted 
 exclude them. The reasons assigned were that the 
 Ministerium, by the withdrawal of its delegates at York, had placed itself 
 outside the pale of the General Synod and by establishing a new Seminary 
 at Philadelphia and withdrawing the German professor from Gettysburg 
 had placed itself in direct antagonism to the Gettysburg institution. On 
 behalf of the representatives of the Ministerium Mr. Lewis L. Houpt, a 
 son-in-law of Rev. Benjamin Keller, entered a respectful protest against 
 this action, and the Ministerium itself at its next meeting officially ter- 
 minated its relation with the Seminary at Gettysburg. 
 
 The number of students attending the Seminary also suffered a serious 
 decline in consequence of the rupture in Faculty and Board. Dr. Schaeffer 
 took with him to the new institution all the German 
 students and no new ones came. Some of the English Student Body 
 students also withdrew. A few were attracted to Phila- Disrupted 
 delphia by the “advantages of studying in a large city,” 
 though the friends of Gettysburg steadfastly pronounced those advantages 
 
 189 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 “fictitious.” At any rate, the size of the student body was cut in half. 
 Only six new students were admitted in, the fall of 1864 as compared with 
 fourteen in the preceding year. Not all of this decline, however, was due 
 to the disruption in the Seminary and the Church. General conditions pro- 
 duced by the Civil War had brought on a perceptible diminishing of the 
 number of students in all the Protestant theological Seminaries of the 
 land. But Gettysburg suffered both from general and from special condi- 
 tions. Her student body was smaller than it had been the first year of her 
 life and the outlook from this angle seemed discouraging. 
 Moreover, the two seminaries at once became ex- 
 Rival ponents of conflicting elements in the Church. The for- 
 Seminaries tunes of the two schools were intimately involved in the 
 fortunes of the two general bodies that resulted from 
 the disruption in the Church in 1866. Dr. Brown at once became the 
 president of the General Synod and Dr. Charles Porterfield Kratuth the 
 leading thinker for the newly formed General Council. The friends of 
 Gettysburg challenged the new Seminary’s right to exist. The friends of 
 the new Seminary tried to impugn the Lutheranism of the Gettysburg 
 institution and sought to sow discord among its supporters. Exaggerated 
 statements were made, personalities were freely indulged in, and proprieties 
 ceased to be carefully observed. The warm personal friendship that had 
 subsisted between Dr. Brown and the younger Krauth did not prevent 
 them now from engaging in a literary discussion that led on to a fro- 
 tracted controversy on the respective merits of the two institutions which 
 covered many pages of the Lutheran Observer and the Lutheran and Mis- 
 sionary. To reproduce the respective arguments would mean to traverse 
 the details of Lutheran Church history in that critical period atid this 
 could serve no useful purpose now. In the perspective of half a century it 
 is clear that God graciously overruled to His glory the disruption in the 
 Gettysburg Seminary and that in the General Synod. The darknéss that 
 overshadowed the Seminary during the closing years of this period of iti- 
 ternal discord was only the deep darkness that immediately precedés the 
 dawn. One of the brightest days in the whole life of the instittition Jay 
 immediately before. For Dr. Brown's accession was the begintilng of a 
 long period of reconstruction and larger undertakings. 
 Before proceeding to the details of this new period, we must tutn back 
 just one year and see how intimately the Seminary was associated with 
 the decisive battle of the Civil War in July, 1863. 
 
 190 
 
GEA DE Rog] 
 
 DURING THE BATTLE—1863 
 
 When the Seminary was permanently located on the elevation west of 
 Gettysburg, those responsible for the choice of that site never dreamed 
 that the institution would give its name to the elevation 
 and that the location would become famous in history 
 for all time. But about those buildings and over that 
 elevation raged the decisive battle of the American Civil War and one of 
 the decisive battles of all world history. 
 
 Gettysburg had long been a great road-center. Its accessibility, as we 
 have seen, had helped to make it the site of the Seminary. Its many roads 
 and its nearness to the Mason and Dixon line now helped 
 to make it the scene of a great battle. The eminence A Great 
 west of the town which in 1831 had proved so attractive Road Center 
 as a home for a theological seminary, now also proved 
 attractive in 1863 as a military position. The ridge that for nearly forty 
 years had been widely known as a place of training for the heralds of the 
 gospel of peace, now became much more widely known as a place of opera- 
 tion for the horrible engines of war. 
 
 The Seminary gave its name to the entire elevation that stretches north 
 and south along the west side of the town. Wherever military history 1s 
 studied today the strategic importance of Seminary 
 Ridge at Gettysburg is considered, and wherever the in- The Famous 
 stitutions of man are analyzed that famous Ridge is Ridge 
 regarded as the high tide in a cruel Civil War that was 
 to test whether a nation conceived in liberty could long endure. We pause, 
 therefore, in our narrative of the proper life of the Seminary to set forth 
 briefly the part which the Seminary, because of its location, played in the 
 most momentous battle in American history. 
 
 Neither the Seminary as an institution nor the Lutheran Church as an 
 organization had any part in precipitating the War. Individuals connected 
 with the Seminary and other prominent individuals in 
 the Church as a rule took the positions with reference to The Church 
 slavery and secession that were taken by the majority Not Involved 
 of the citizens in their respective sections of the 
 country. No Church could stay the spirit of sectionalism abroad in the 
 land. Individuals for the most part conformed to the general sentiment. 
 
 One exception to this rule, worthy of notice here, was Rey. James A. 
 Brown, who shortly afterwards became the head of the Gettysburg Sem- 
 
 191 
 
 Unexpected 
 Fame 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 inary. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Dr. Brown was president of 
 Newberry College in South Carolina. But he was a Pennsylvanian by 
 birth and had received his training at Gettysburg. AI- 
 Brown in ways outspoken in manner, he expressed himself un- 
 the War equivocally against secession and in favor of maintain- 
 ing the union. As a result he narrowly escaped personal 
 violence and it was only with great difficulty that he extricated himself and 
 his family from South Carolina and returned to Pennsylvania. For a year 
 and a half he served as chaplain in the 87th regiment of Pennsylvania vol- 
 unteers; then for two years he was chaplain of the United States army hos- 
 pital at York. Before the close of the War he had received the call to the 
 Seminary and had taken up his abode on the very battlefield that had sealed 
 the fate of the Confederacy. 
 At the time of the battle Dr. Schmucker was still the head of the Sem- 
 inary. He strongly deprecated civil war and earnestly desired the mainte- 
 nance of the Union. He denied the right of the states 
 Schmucker to nullify the laws of Congress. He also denied the 
 on Secession right of the states to secede under the provisions of the 
 Federal Constitution. But he declared it to be the “inde- 
 feasible right of man” to revolt from any government by which he is wan- 
 tonly and seriously oppressed. This he regarded as clearly implied in the 
 last sentence of the seventeenth article of the Augsburg Confession: 
 “Christians ought necessarily to yield obedience to the civil officers and 
 laws of the land, unless they should command something sinful, in which 
 case it is a duty to obey God rather than man.” But as the breach between 
 the North and South approached, Dr. Schmucker, while conceding that the 
 nation had not dealt wisely with the problem of slavery, nevertheless felt 
 that revolution against the national government was not justified. The 
 secession of the Southern States, therefore, as it actually took place, found 
 no favor with him. This was well known in the South. 
 On the question of slavery Dr. Schmucker had frequently expressed him- 
 self both in his lecture room at the Seminary and before the wider public. 
 Born in Maryland and having served for five years 
 Schmucker as a pastor in Virginia, he was familiar with slavery 
 on Slavery in all its phases. He regarded the institution of 
 human servitude as a reproach to our political system 
 and a violation of the fundamental rights of man. He did not lay that 
 reproach at the door of the Southern States alone; for he pointed out 
 that it was Northern vessels that had carried on “the infernal traffic” and 
 had foisted the inhuman institution upon the entire country. In his youth 
 he was a zealous advocate of African colonization, but he never expected 
 this enterprise to remove the evil from our land, and he stoutly denied 
 the right of the white man to force the negro to return to Africa. Be- 
 fore the legislature of Pennsylvania he labored zealously but in vain for 
 
 192 
 
DURING THE. BATTLE 
 
 laws that would ameliorate the conditions of the free colored population 
 in that State. Then as the inadequacy of African colonization became ap- 
 parent to the general public and emancipation societies began to be organ- 
 ized, Dr. Schmucker adopted moderate abolition sentiments. The slaves 
 that came into his possession through his second marriage he manumitted at 
 once and supported as long as they lived. He deplored the Dred Scott de- 
 cision and declared that he would never help to return a fellow being into 
 bondage. Gettysburg was a station on the underground railway and Dr. 
 Schmucker’s barn on the Seminary campus was more than once the tem- 
 porary hiding place of runaway slaves on their way farther north. 
 
 In general, the views concerning slavery that were taught to Seminary 
 students before the Battle of Gettysburg may be summarized in Dr. 
 Schmucker’s words written in his text-book, the “Ele- 
 ments of Popular Theology”: “From all these consid- A Mild 
 erations it would appear to be the duty of philanthropists Abolitionist 
 and Christians to advocate the cause of colonization in 
 Africa and elsewhere; but at the same time also to maintain the justice and 
 necessity of universal abolition by legislative provision of the several 
 states. It is certain that the federal government of our nation is pre- 
 cluded by the Constitution from interference with this subject by any direct 
 enactment. . . . The Northern States may discuss the subject, and 
 appeal to the patriotism and justice of their Southern fellow-citizens; but 
 on the South alone is the duty of legislative action incumbent. In the 
 arduous attempt to remedy a desolating evil, in which the present generation 
 find themselves innocently involved by the guilt of their ancestors, the 
 Northern States ought, and it is thought would be willing, to lend pe- 
 cuniary aid if any be needed.” 
 
 In spite of these moderate though unequivocal sentiments concerning 
 slavery and secession, the head of the Gettysburg Seminary became the 
 object of much bitterness among the people of the South. 
 
 His book was widely circulated. His pupils were scat- Schmucker a 
 tered all over the South. By the influence of war psy- Marked Man 
 chology, he was, of course, branded as an abolitionist 
 
 and emancipationist without any modifying terms whatever. As he was 
 one of the leaders of thought in the North, the citizens of the “Confed- 
 erate States” held him partly responsible for the War. Accordingly, when 
 Lee’s army moved into western Maryland and headed towards Pennsylvania, 
 some of the soldiers declared their purpose to arrest Dr. Schmucker. The 
 Lutheran pastor at Frederick, Dr. George Diehl, an early alumnus of the 
 Seminary and one of its Directors as well as a personal friend of Dr. 
 Schmucker, learned of their purpose and contrived to send word to Dr. 
 Schmucker apprising him of the plan and urging him by all means to leave 
 Gettysburg if the Confederates should move in that direction. The South- 
 ern invasion of Pennsylvania brought the Confederate army to Dr. 
 
 193 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Schmucker’s very door and as the doctor himself had fled it must have 
 been with grim satisfaction that some of the soldier citizens of the ill-fated 
 Confederacy occupied the Seminary buildings and campus and wreaked 
 mistaken vengeance on Dr. Schmucker’s personal property. 
 
 The Church which the Seminary served had little 
 
 Lutherans part as a Church in the War. The Methodists, Bap- 
 North and tists and Presbyterians had all divided on the issue of 
 South slavery ten or. fifteen years before the War came, but it is 
 
 indicative of the religious genius of the Lutheran Church 
 and her essential conservatism that until the outbreak of actual hostilities 
 she did not allow the purely economic and moral issue of slavery to make a 
 division in her ranks. Only two of her district synods had pronounced on 
 that issue, the Franckean in New York State and the Pittsburgh. The 
 
 
 
 BEFORE THE BATTLE 
 
 General Synod remained intact until the armies were actually in the field 
 and the battle lines formed. Then Lutherans were among the most numer- 
 ous and most vigorous element in the armies both North and South. Dur- 
 ing the Battle of Gettysburg Lutherans fought on both sides, and a few 
 of the former students of the College and Seminary were forced by the 
 terrible contingencies of military necessity to train their guns on the very 
 institution they called Alma Mater. 
 From the very beginning of the great conflict the 
 Patriotic students at Gettysburg took a lively interest in public 
 Gettysburg events. It was a patriotic community in which the Sem- 
 inary and College were located. During the French and 
 Indian War it had contributed its quota to the campaign against Fort 
 
 194 
 
DURING THE BATTLE 
 
 Duquesne. In the Revolutionary War it made its contribution to the cause 
 of liberty, and York, which was still its county seat, was for nine months 
 the capital of the new nation. As a separate county in 1800 it was named 
 for the patriot who had seconded the famous motion that ‘these colonies 
 are and of right ought to be free and independent states.” When the 
 British burned Washington in 1814 the citizens of Gettysburg appealed to 
 the Brigadier General of the York-Adams district. This was Henry 
 Eyster, an elder in the Lutheran Church in Gettysburg. He secured sup- 
 plies from both Federal and State authorities and, thus equipped, the Adams 
 County troops marched very promptly to help in the defense of Baltimore. 
 Some of those who had participated in that engagement were still living to 
 witness the stirring scenes of the sixties and the citizens of the town, de- 
 spite the many southern characteristics of the community, were almost 
 unanimous in their deep sympathy with the Union cause. This patriotic 
 zeal spread its contagion among the students and fanned their fervor to 
 a high. pitch. 
 
 Already in April, 1861, when Baltimore was held by those who resisted 
 the Union troops, a rumor reached Gettysburg that the enemy was ap- 
 proaching from the south. At once a number of stu- 
 dents volunteered and picketed all the roads leading to Student Zeal 
 the town. The rumor proved to be without foundation, 
 but the general state of excitement and the proximity of Gettysburg to the 
 Mason and Dixon line led the students of the Seminary and College to 
 form a military company in the spring of 1861. This company participated 
 in the Brigadier General’s review of the Adams County militia that sum- 
 mer, and the fires of patriotic zeal burned high among the students dur- 
 ing the next two years. The commencement week of 1862 was so full of 
 patriotic meetings in Gettysburg that it was difficult to maintain a quorum 
 at the sessions of the Seminary Directors. 
 
 When General Lee in June, 1863, began his march northward with the 
 evident purpose of invading Pennsylvania and capturing Philadelphia, both 
 President Lincoln and Governor Curtin of Pennsylvania 
 called for special enlistments to meet the emergency. Students 
 Governor Curtin’s call was for 50,000 men. The stu- Enlist 
 dents at Gettysburg needed no urging. Some of them 
 left at once for their homes to enter the military service there. Others 
 remained at Gettysburg and raised a company among themselves. Four of 
 the Seminary students volunteered for service in this company and about 
 sixty of the College students, a large majority of the student body. The 
 Seminary students were Frederick Klinefelter, Henry C. Shindle, Alex- 
 ander McLaughlin, and Matthias H. Richards. The company organized 
 June 16, 1863, electing Klinefelter as captain and the other three Seminary 
 students as non-commissioned officers. Klinefelter had served as a pri- 
 vate in the 16th Pennsylvania Volunteers under General Patterson during 
 
 195 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 a three months’ campaign in Virginia in 1861. Among the college students 
 in the company. were Samuel D. Schmucker, son of the Seminary professor ; 
 John Morris Krauth, son of the other Seminary professor; Edmund J. 
 Wolf and Thomas C. Billheimer, afterwards professors in the Seminary ; 
 Harvey W. McKnight, afterwards president of the College; Theodore L. 
 Seip, afterwards president of Muhlenberg College; and a number of others 
 who attained distinction in the Church. 
 Captain Klinefelter’s company at once offered its services to the Goy- 
 ernor. They were ordered to Harrisburg. The next day, June 17, they 
 reached Harrisburg by train. Thousands of troops had 
 26th Regt. come from all parts of the State. When it was pro- 
 Co. A posed to place them in the service of the United States 
 “for the emergency” and not in the service of the State 
 as militia for a definitely limited period, most of those who had come re- 
 fused to be mustered in until the terms could be changed. The Gettysburg 
 students, however, waived all such objections and showed their faith in the 
 Federal Government by asking to be mustered in immediately. They were 
 therefore sworn into the United States service and had the distinction of 
 being the first company mustered in under that call. They were known as 
 “Company A, 26th Regiment, P. V. M.” This regiment was commanded 
 by Colonel W. W. Jennings, and H. W. McKnight became the Adjutant. 
 Two of the students were transferred to the Signal Corps and six were 
 detailed as clerks. 
 The next week Colonel Jennings and his regiment containing the Gettys- 
 burg students were ordered to Gettysburg itself. This was a week before 
 the great battle and before the armies had begun to con- 
 Perilous verge on that place. On June 26th the regiment was 
 Service sent westward on the Chambersburg turnpike, as some 
 Confederate troops had crossed the South Moun- 
 tain and their camp-fires had been plainly visible at night from the Sem- 
 inary buildings. Advancing three miles to the west, the regiment encamped 
 and threw out its pickets. The Confederates suddenly appeared in great 
 force and captured nearly all the pickets, and it was only by most skillful 
 manouvering that Col. Jennings was able to extricate the main part of his 
 regiment and prevent its capture. Retreating eastward and occasionally 
 skirmishing with the enemy’s cavalry, the regiment reached Harrisburg on 
 Sunday the 28th, having marched fifty-four out of sixty consecutive hours 
 and having lost about 200 of their number. After this they remained on 
 duty at Fort Washington, opposite Harrisburg, until July 30, when their 
 term of service expired. Nearly all of the College students who had 
 been in the company afterwards entered the Seminary. 
 On August 11, two weeks after the company of students was mustered 
 out of service, the Directors of the Seminary met in regular annual session. 
 There were no representatives from south of the Potomac. The Mary- 
 
 196 
 
DURING THE BATTLE 
 
 land and the Melanchthon Synods continued to be represented as usual. In 
 1861 the only Director from the Virginia Synod was Charles Martin, M.D., 
 and he had come from Martinsburg, which was in ter- 
 
 ritory loyal to the Union. After that no directors ever Faculty 
 came from Virginia. At the meeting in August, 1863, Comment 
 the Faculty called attention to the patriotic conduct 
 
 of the students, and briefly recited the facts from the point of 
 view of the teaching staff, as follows: “The first two sessions of the year 
 passed off as usual, the exercises of the institution having been uninter- 
 rupted, and the health, industry and piety of the students being equal to 
 that of former sessions. The third session also commenced under favor- 
 able auspices, without any diminution in the number of students. As the 
 invading rebel army passed down the Cumberland Valley, leaving the South 
 Mountain between us, no interruption of studies took place until they took 
 possession of Newman’s Gap, ten miles from this place, and began to send 
 their cavalry in this direction. At this juncture the Governor issued his 
 proclamation for volunteers to repel the invaders, the highest state of ex- 
 citement prevailed throughout the whole Commonwealth as well as in this 
 vicinity, and an end was put to all regular study. A company of volunteers 
 for the emergency was raised in College to which several of our theological 
 students attached themselves, one of whom, Mr. Klinefelter, was elected as 
 captain. It is a just subject of remark that this company was the first 
 which made its appearance at Harrisburg, in response to the Governor’s 
 proclamation.” 
 
 The conduct of the students was heartily commended by the Directors. 
 Their action reads: “The Board has heard with proud satisfaction of the 
 heroic conduct of those students of the Theological Sem- 
 inary who rushed so promptly to the defense of their Directors’ 
 country during the late rebel invasion; and their course Commendation 
 is hereby approved; and the chairman of the faculty is 
 respectfully requested to send this resolution to the assembled students at 
 the commencement of next session.” 
 
 In the meantime, during the first three days of July, the great Battle 
 of Gettysburg had taken place. The Seminary and its campus, dedicated 
 to the purposes of peace and good-will among men, had 
 received a terrible baptism of fire and blood. This is not The Seminary 
 the place to record the events leading up to the Battle in the Battle 
 nor the course of the movements constituting the great 
 struggle itself. We are concerned only about the part played by the Sem- 
 inary and its personnel. The institution lay directly in the path of the con- 
 tending armies, and from its cupola today it is possible to survey the entire 
 scene of their decisive combat. 
 
 Early on the first day of the Battle, the Seminary was visited by Gen- 
 eral Buford, of the Union Army. Buford’s cavalry, 6,000 in number, had 
 
 197 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 arrived at Gettysburg at eleven o'clock the previous day, just in time to 
 prevent the invasion of the town by Pettigrew’s brigade, which the Con- 
 federate General Heth had sent from Cashtown, nine 
 Buford on miles to the west, in order to secure a supply of shoes. 
 the Cupola Impressed by the importance of the position and expect- 
 ing the early return of the enemy in force, Buford had 
 led his troops past the Seminary to a point near Willoughby Run, nearly 
 a mile to the west. Here Buford encamped for the night, extending his 
 pickets westward and northward. At early dawn the next morning his 
 scouts reported that General Heth’s division and two others of A. P. Hill's 
 corps were advancing in force from Cashtown towards Gettysburg. Gen- 
 eral Buford hastened to the cupola of the Seminary to make observations. 
 From this vantage point the Seminary students and professors had noted 
 the advance of the Confederates days before the Battle. On the cleared 
 spaces of the mountains, nine miles distant, the smoke of their camp rose 
 by day and the gleam of their fires illumined the night. By the aid of a 
 glass the students had clearly seen the parked wagons and the artillery and 
 even the forms of the soldiers. 
 From this elevated position Buford now commanded 
 A Good a view in all directions. He saw distinctly the large 
 Vantage Point body of Confederate troops advancing from the west. 
 Perhaps he observed also that Rhodes’ division of 
 Ewell’s corps was advancing upon him from the north. Possibly he looked 
 anxiously towards the south hoping to see the approach of reinforcements 
 under General Reynolds, who had been apprised of the impending engage- 
 ment and who was on his way towards Gettysburg from Emmitsburg. 
 Descending from the Seminary cupola, Buford proceeded to direct the 
 fighting of his small division of dismounted cavalry as they stubbornly 
 engaged the overwhelming forces of the enemy between Willoughby 
 Run and Seminary Ridge. 
 The engagement began about nine-thirty. An hour later General Rey- 
 nolds arrived at the head of the First Corps of the Union Army. As he 
 approached the town he heard the sound of battle and 
 Troops on sent his troops in that direction. He moved his men 
 the Campus over the fields from the Emmitsburg Road in front of 
 Dr. Schmucker’s house and under cover of Seminary 
 Ridge, until his right extended across the Chambersburg turnpike and the 
 railroad, while his left stretched north and south across the whole length of 
 the Seminary Campus. Thus the Seminary grounds for the first time, about 
 eleven o’clock, became the scene of battle array. General Reynolds himself 
 as soon as he reached Gettysburg dashed through the town and galloped 
 to the Seminary. He, too, sought the cupola and from that vantage point 
 surveyed the battle which was now developing. Then he was joined by 
 Buford and both of them rode to the front about half a mile west of the 
 
 198 
 
DURING THE BATTLE 
 
 Seminary, where their troops were gallantly holding their ground against 
 heavy odds. Very shortly afterwards Reynolds received a sharpshooter’s 
 bullet in the brain and fell dead. General Doubleday now took command 
 of the forces on this part of Seminary [fill. 
 
 The Union troops were so greatly outnumbered during the first day of 
 the Battle that the issue went against them. They succeeded, however, in 
 holding the Seminary buildings and grounds until about 
 the middle of the afternoon. By one o’clock both sides The Terrible 
 had been greatly reinforced, and the battle-line now ex- Retreat 
 tended north of the town from Seminary Ridge to the 
 bank of Rock Creek. The arrival of Early’s division of Ewell’s corps 
 from the north gave an overpowering advantage to the Confederate forces 
 at that point. About three o’clock in the afternoon a slight breeze lifted 
 the smoke which had enveloped the whole battle-line in darkness, and then 
 it became evident to the observers at the Seminary that the right wing 
 of the Union Army was being pressed back towards Gettysburg. This 
 part of the Federal troops soon began to retreat southward through the 
 town, taking refuge on Cemetery Ridge under the direction of General 
 O. O. Howard. The high strategic importance of this position had been 
 pointed out to one of General Howard’s signal officers by Professor Jacobs, 
 of the College, as they stood together on the College cupola early in the 
 day. After the right wing of the Union line began to retreat, the left 
 wing was, of course, unable to hold its position on Seminary Ridge. The 
 retreat of the First Corps under General Doubleday began about four- 
 fifteen o'clock. It swept through the Seminary Campus, demolishing 
 fences and sheds and garden crops and almost everything that was perish- 
 able. It passed through the southwestern section of the town to the left 
 of the Eleventh Corps under General Howard on Cemetery Ridge. 
 
 The Seminary was now in the hands of the South. General Lee ar- 
 rived on the field in time to witness the retreat of the Federal troops and 
 now took up his headquarters in an orchard only a few 
 hundred feet west of Dr. Krauth’s house. From this In Confederate 
 point he directed the battle of the next two days. The Hands 
 Seminary buildings and grounds and the whole of Sem- 
 inary Ridge were occupied by the Confederate army. The buildings were in- 
 cluded in the Confederate line of defense and so were exposed to the fire 
 of the Federal guns. All were within range of the Union batteries and 
 suffered the effects. The front of the Confederate line turned eastward at 
 a point about 100 yards from Dr. Schmucker’s house and passed along 
 Middle Street through the town; therefore, of the three Seminary build- 
 ings, Dr. Schmucker’s house was most exposed to Union fire and Dr. 
 Krauth’s least. 
 
 The cupola of the main Seminary building now was used as an ob- 
 servatory by General Lee’s aides as it had previously been used by Generals 
 
 199 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Buford and Reynolds. During the rest of the battle it was the chief signal- 
 station for the Confederate Army. The buildings themselves were filled 
 
 with the dead and dying. Their walls were penetrated 
 War’s by cannon balls and their windows shattered by bursting 
 Desolation shells. Their furnishings were pressed into the service 
 
 of Mars. Their floors were mottled with indelible 
 bloodstains. Soldiers were buried on the Seminary Campus, batteries were 
 planted within the very shadows of the buildings, and after the retreat of 
 the invading army the entire surroundings presented a most desolate ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 
 
 AFTER THE BATTLE 
 
 The peace-time occupants of the Seminary campus had all fled. Dr. 
 Schmucker had left Gettysburg before the Battle began. The few students 
 who remained in the closing days of June were quickly 
 
 The Professors’ dispersed when it became evident that the armies were 
 Houses converging on Gettysburg. When the Union forces re- 
 Damaged treated from Seminary Ridge to Cemetery Ridge and the 
 Confederates took possession of the Seminary campus, 
 
 Dr. Schmucker’s family and Dr. Krauth with his family received peremp- 
 tory orders to abandon their homes. This occurred in the late afternoon 
 and their flight was so hasty that practically none of their personal effects 
 could be taken along. They sought refuge among friends in the town. 
 The Seminary residences were occupied by soldiers of the invading army, 
 and they treated the contents of Dr. Schmucker’s house with a ruthlessness 
 that was the exception rather than the rule in the Southern army, although 
 
 200 
 
DURING THE: BATIEE 
 
 most of the damage to Seminary property was the result of military neces- 
 sity rather than mere wantonness. 
 
 The precise effect of the Battle on the Seminary property is best stated 
 
 in the words of Dr. Schmucker himself. Within a month after Lee’s army 
 had retreated he wrote: “Although the unhappy Civil 
 War has raged for several years, its influence never be- Schmucker’s 
 fore reached our institutions or interfered with our Account 
 operations. But this spring the rebel army invaded 
 our State, and made this immediate vicinity their battlefield, planting their 
 batteries on Seminary lands, immediately around our buildings. 
 The hostile armies met in our town and the greatest battle took place that 
 was ever fought on this continent, at least since the discovery of America by 
 Columbus. . . . The injury done to the property of the Institution is 
 considerable. The house I occupy was most damaged. The rebels, having 
 driven the occupants out on the first day of the battle, took possession of 
 it themselves and their batteries being also planted in the immediate vicinity, 
 it was unavoidably shattered by the Federal artillery from Cemetery Hill. 
 Thirteen cannon balls or shells pierced the walls and made holes several of 
 which were from two to three feet in length and nearly as broad, window 
 frames were shattered to pieces, sash broken and the greater part of the 
 glass in the house destroyed. The fences around the yard and garden were 
 nearly all leveled with the ground, as well as those around the entire Sem- 
 inary lands. The Seminary edifice was perforated by several balls, and large 
 portions knocked out of the North East gable corner. There being also a 
 crack in the wall extending over two stories, the question arises whether 
 that portion of the gable end must not be taken down and rebuilt from 
 the foundation. Dr. Krauth’s dwelling also received some injury, though 
 not of a very serious nature. The fences around the fields as well as those 
 along the Seminary Avenue were destroyed, many of the rails and boards 
 incorporated with the breastwork, others broken and others burned. 
 
 “The Archives of the Seminary were, like everything else in my house, 
 broken open by the rebels, and the contents scattered promiscuously with 
 my books, papers, letters, etc., over the floor; yet I am happy to state that 
 by careful searching amongst the rubbish for several days I have found 
 the greater part of the documents which are of any value to the 
 Seminary. A ae 
 
 This account of the destruction wrought by the Battle we are able to 
 supplement somewhat. It is known that Dr. Schmucker’s furniture was 
 plundered and much of it rendered useless. His own 
 
 books were taken from their shelves, and many of them Schmucker’s 
 torn and defiled. His manuscripts of lectures and study | Library 
 courses, like the Seminary archives, were thrown about, Plundered 
 
 many of them tossed out of the windows and trampled 
 into the mud. To this day his personal papers and the valuable collection 
 
 201 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 of pamphlets which he had carefully gathered and neatly bound bear 
 abundant evidences of their rough treatment at that time. One part of the 
 archives of value to the Seminary that Dr. Schmucker did not recover from 
 the rubbish was the record of the Faculty minutes after 1846, which also 
 contained the list of matriculations from 1857 to 1863. Another was the 
 memo-zandum book containing the descriptive list of all the ground rents in 
 Philadelphia owned by the institution. 
 No wanton harm was done to the personal property 
 Litthke Wanton in the other buildings. One of the students, H. C. Hol- 
 Injury loway, returned to the main Seminary building shortly 
 after the Battle to secure his personal effects. He found 
 much of his blank paper missing from his desk. But his other belongings 
 and the “claw-hammer” coat and patent leather shoes which his friend, 
 Edmund J. Wolf, of the College, had entrusted to him when he enlisted, 
 he found untouched in the open cupboard where he had left them. There 
 was no evidence of avoidable injury to the furnishings of the student rooms. 
 The personal property in Dr. Krauth’s house suffered 
 Krauth’s little damage. His house was the very center of the 
 Experiences Union line when Reynolds advanced to the attack on 
 the morning of the first. The family took refuge in 
 the cellar, but late in the afternoon, when the Seminary campus changed 
 hands, they retired in great haste to the home of friends in the town. As 
 they were leaving their home a Southern soldier, too far in advance of his 
 fellows, was shot and fell almost at their feet. He was buried near the 
 back door of their house. Dr. Krauth’s house was not ransacked and its 
 contents scattered as were those of Dr. Schmucker, although it is known 
 that when the Southern army retired from Seminary Ridge one of the 
 soldiers carried with him a valuable silver service belonging to Mrs. Krauth. 
 On order of a superior officer this treasure was deposited in reliable hands 
 in Waynesboro with the request that it be restored to its owner. 
 One of the seniors in the Seminary, the Rey. A. M. 
 A Student Whetstone of Tamaqua, Pa., who had not enlisted in 
 Wounded the emergency company of students because he had 
 already accepted the pastorate at Greencastle, took up 
 his abode during the Battle at his boarding-house near the center of the 
 town. Scorning to take refuge in the cellar and sitting on the porch near 
 the street, he was wounded by a shot from a neighboring hotel where Con- 
 federate officers were known to be quartered. The bullet passed through 
 the calf of his leg and for several weeks he was obliged to use crutches. 
 Fifteen years later Mr. Whetstone was one of the Directors of the Sem- 
 inary and its financial agent. 
 In view of the severity of the Battle and the exposed situation of the 
 Seminary, the friends of the Institution had just grounds for rejoicing that 
 the damages were no greater than they were. Dr. Krauth, preaching in 
 
 202 
 
DURING THE BATTLE 
 
 College Church at the first service after the building was vacated as a 
 hospital, took as his text, Hebrews 10:34, “Ye took joyfully the spoiling 
 of your goods, knowing in yourselves that ye have in 
 
 heaven a better and enduring substance.’ The official Rejoicing in 
 directorate in August, meeting in Dr. Schmucker’s house Tribulation 
 because the main edifice could not yet be occupied, 
 
 recorded its gratitude as follows: “Whilst the Board heartily sympathizes 
 with the members of the Faculty in the alarms and losses with which they 
 have been severally affected during the recent time of terror, we hereby 
 express gratitude to God that they and their families have been saved from 
 injury both in life and limb, praying at the same time that they may be 
 spared for many years of usefulness in the cause of piety, education and 
 learning.” 
 
 After the Battle was over and the armies had disappeared from the 
 scene of the desolation they had wrought, the Seminary continued to be 
 occupied for several weeks as a hospital. During the 
 Battle itself all the buildings harbored the wounded and The Seminary 
 each witnessed scenes of surgical operation and death. a Hospital 
 Immediately upon the withdrawal of the armies the 
 families of the Seminary professors returned to their homes and all the 
 wounded were transferred to the main edifice or to tents nearby. The build- 
 ing was gladly yielded for this purpose, and the Seminary authorities, feel- 
 ing a degree of responsibility for the comfort of their guests, appealed for 
 medical supplies. The president of the Board of Directors was Dr. Charles 
 A. Hay, of Harrisburg. In his youth he had been an instructor in the 
 Seminary. When the War broke out he was very active on behalf of the 
 Union cause. In the fall of 1862 his great zeal against “the rebels” led 
 him to publish a severe criticism of General Wool for his lenient treatment 
 of Confederate prisoners in Baltimore, and General Wool had him placed 
 under arrest and brought to Baltimore. Upon the protest of Governor 
 Curtin that such an arrest was illegal and upon a satisfactory explanation 
 of his statements, Dr. Hay was immediately released. Now, after the Bat- 
 tle of Gettysburg, his official connection with the Seminary led him to 
 issue a call to the Directors and friends of the school. The call, which 
 went out less than a week after the conclusion of the Battle, read as 
 follows: 
 
 “With devout gratitude to our heavenly Father, we congratulate our 
 churches upon the safety of our beloved institutions at 
 Gettysburg, with their precious libraries, standing, as Call to the 
 they did, between the hostile lines on that memorable Directors 
 day, that turned the tide of the war so gloriously against 
 the ‘Slaveholders’ rebellion.’ So far as we can learn, the lives of all con- 
 nected with them have been mercifully spared. 
 
 “In a few weeks the annual meeting of the Directors of the Seminary 
 
 203 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 and Trustees of the College will take place, and, as president of the for- 
 mer Board, I take the liberty of suggesting to the friends of both institu- 
 tions the propriety of sending, at that time, under the care of the Trustees 
 and Directors, a liberal supply of hospital stores and comforts for the 
 brave sufferers, who will still be lingering in the private houses and the 
 hospitals near the scene of the conflict. At present such supplies have been 
 forwarded in large quantities by the Christian Commission, and by indi- 
 viduals whose sympathies have been for the time deeply excited; but a 
 month hence a contribution, as above indicated, will be doubly welcome. 
 Let us not go empty-handed.” 
 A majority of the patients cared for at the Seminary during its use as 
 a hospital belonged to the Confederate army, while those in the College 
 were mostly Union soldiers. Immediately after the re- 
 Patients from treat of the Southern armies, more than four hundred 
 Both Armies Confederate wounded were counted in the Sem- 
 inary hospital, which included not only the Seminary 
 building but also a large number of tents on the campus. In addition there 
 was a goodly number of Federal soldiers, considerably over two hundred, 
 who had been wounded during the retreat of the Union forces on the first 
 day of the Battle. On the 9th and 10th of August, just as the Seminary 
 authorities had begun to expect an early evacuation of the buildings and 
 campus, the hospital was enlarged by the addition of all patients from the 
 Court House and all from the Christ (College) Church hospital, including 
 about a hundred of the men commanded by Reynolds. Those were busy 
 days at the Seminary, when the Blue and Gray, lying side by side helpless 
 as children, received for eight weeks the ministrations of surgeons and 
 nurses, of the agents of the Christian Commission and those of the San- 
 itary Commission, of the Sisters of Charity and the Patriotic Daughters of 
 Lancaster. 
 A number of the enforced guests of the Seminary during this period 
 were distinguished men. Among the Confederates who were harbored there 
 as inmates of the hospital were Generals Kemper and 
 Kemper and Trimble. Both of these men had been so seriously 
 Trimble wounded in Pickett’s famous charge on the third day that 
 when the Confederate army retreated they were left be- 
 hind. General Trimble had had his leg amputated and no effort was made 
 to remove him during the retreat. General Kemper started with the retreat- 
 ing army, but his wounds were so serious that he was obliged to stop and 
 the pursuing Federals took him prisoner along the Fairfield road. Both men 
 were transferred to the Seminary building and given careful surgical treat- 
 ment. Trimble’s audacity often tried the patience of the hospital attend- 
 ants, and he was soon discharged into the care of a private family in Gettys- 
 burg known to be “of rebel sympathies,’ because the mother in the family 
 had been a schoolmate of Mrs. Jefferson Davis. Simon Cameron pro- 
 
 204 
 
 i) 
 
DURING THE BATTLE 
 
 tested to President Lincoln against the freedom that was permitted to 
 Trimble on the ground that he might secure military information and trans- 
 mit it to the enemy. As a result of the protest Trimble was sent to a 
 prison camp near Boston and efforts to exchange him for Federal pris- 
 oners were futile. 
 
 Colonel George F. McFarland, of McAlisterville, Juniata County, Penn- 
 sylvania, tells in the official records how he became an inmate of the Sem- 
 inary. It was the first day of the Battle. Colonel Mc- 
 
 Farland was commanding the one hundred and fifty-first Colonel 
 regiment of Pennsylvania infantry. After making a de- McFarland 
 termined stand on the edge of the grove just west of the 
 
 Seminary, his regiment, greatly depleted, was compelled to join in the 
 general retreat of the First Corps. He says: “All support had left both 
 flanks and were already well to the rear. Hence I ordered the shattered 
 remnant of as brave a regiment as ever entered the field to fall back, and 
 accompanied it a few paces. Then stopping, perhaps twenty paces from 
 the Seminary, I turned, and, stooping down, examined the condition of the 
 enemy in front. At this instant, 4:20 P. M., I was hit by a flank fire 
 in both legs at the same instant, which caused the amputation of my right 
 leg, and so shattered my left that it is now, at the end of eight and a 
 half months, still unhealed and unserviceable. I was carried into the Sem- 
 inary by Private Lyman D. Wilson, of Company F, the only man near me, 
 and who narrowly escaped, a ball carrying away the middle button on my 
 coat-sleeve while my arm was around his neck.” After recounting the fur- 
 ther activities of his brave regiment during the Battle, he adds: “By 
 the sixth of July one hundred and seventy-three wounded officers and men 
 were collected in the Seminary hospital, where I lay, from it alone.’ Colo- 
 nel McFarland again narrowly escaped death in the Seminary, as he had 
 been transferred from the room on the northeast corner of the first floor 
 just a short while before a shell entered and shattered the furniture. Colo- 
 nel McFarland’s son, the distinguished J. Horace McFarland, became a 
 master printer and well known horticulturalist. 
 
 As they recovered sufficiently to be removed, the wounded inmates of the 
 Seminary hospital were taken to the cities or to the general hospital estab- 
 lished by the government a few miles east of Gettysburg. 
 
 This removal proceeded so slowly that it threatened to Evacuating 
 interfere with the proper work of the Seminary the Seminary 
 by delaying the resumption of class-room activities 
 
 in September. Shortly after the building was occupied as a hospital Dr. 
 Schmucker called on the commanding officer, Colonel Alleman, and re- 
 ceived the positive assurance that it would be vacated in two weeks. A 
 little later, however, the medical board decided to continue the use of the 
 Seminary as a regular hospital. Dr. Schmucker called on them and urged 
 the interests of the Seminary’s own work. The army authorities therefcre 
 
 205 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 decided to use the building only for the emergency and assured Dr. 
 Schmucker that it would be vacated at least four weeks before the next 
 session of the Seminary was to commence. Accordingly announcement 
 went forth that the institution would begin its fall session at the regular 
 time, September ‘24th. Then came a change in the medical authorities in 
 charge at the Seminary and with it another change in plans, so that Dr. 
 Schmucker had to report to the Directors that all indications point to “a 
 charge at the Seminary and with it another change in plans, so that Dr. 
 session of the eligible and healthy Seminary edifice.’ Accordingly a com- 
 mittee was appointed to go to Washington if necessary and at any rate to 
 urge upon the supreme medical authorities “the reasons why the interests 
 of the Seminary should not be unnecessarily sacrificed to the convenience 
 of these medical officials’ and to set forth “the desirableness and impor- 
 tance of vacating the building as soon as possible.” As a result the build- 
 ing was relinquished about the end of August, so that it could be cleaned 
 and used at the time appointed for the opening of the new session. 
 During the weeks that the Seminary was being used 
 Effects of Hos- as a hospital the furnishings of the rooms and the per- 
 pital Occupancy — sonal effects of the students suffered severely. The stu- 
 dents lost a large part of their books, and fears were 
 entertained for the safety of the “valuable library.’ Once or twice the 
 room containing the library was used for short intervals as the office of the 
 surgeons. Dr. Schmucker records: “The library of the Seminary has not 
 been occupied by the soldiers, although a disposition to do so was mani- 
 fested on several occasions, which was prevented only by affixing 
 stronger Jocks to the doors and by suitable protestations to the superior 
 officer in command.” None of the Seminary books were disturbed. All 
 blank paper was seized, and partly filled blank books and even the wide 
 margins of innocent looking pamphlets were used in writing out prescrip- 
 tions for the wounded. After the building was evacuated, some of these 
 lists of prescriptions remained behind. They give evidence of rather heroic 
 treatment administered to the sick in those days. 
 Of more than ordinary interest is the prayer written 
 “A Rebel by a Confederate surgeon in the Seminary while it was 
 Prayer” being used as a hospital. Penciled on the margin of the 
 front cover page of a copy of the General Synod Min- 
 utes for 1859, it reads: “Oh! this horrible war—it has saddened the hearts 
 of so many both in the U. S. and C. S. O! Thou who controlleth the des- 
 tiny of nations and individuals, give us peace and independence. Would 
 that the North would stop this cruel war and let all parties return to their 
 quiet homes and worship God under their own vine and fig tree. Surgeon 
 C.S. A.” This is an eloquent witness to the sentiments entertained by the 
 citizens of the Confederacy after the Battle of Gettysburg. 
 Over at the College the library showed more effects of the Battle. As 
 
 206 
 
DURING THE BATTLE 
 
 the Eleventh Corps retreated across the campus on the afternoon of the 
 first day, German soldiers under Carl Schurz kept up a running fire against 
 their Confederate pursuers. The Southern troops were 
 
 very indignant at “the Dutchmen” for having shot down Sealed with 
 so many of their men. As if to express their indignation, Blood 
 they carried their wounded into the library room of the 
 
 College building, supported the heads of some of them with volumes of 
 old German theologians, whose pages thus were sealed together by the 
 blood that flowed from the hearts of dying heroes. 
 
 As soon as the medical authorities relinquished the Seminary building, 
 the Seminary authorities set to work to repair the damages. Already, a few 
 days after the Battle, the Faculties of the Seminary and 
 the College had agreed to issue a joint appeal for con- Appeal for 
 tributions to cover the losses. The appeal was written Repair Funds 
 apparently by Dr. Schmucker, and was signed by 
 all the members of both Faculties. It was published within a month after 
 the Battle and while both institutions were still in use as hospitals. It 
 gave a general statement of the facts concerning the losses to the institu- 
 tions, appealing for contributions and thank-offerings not only from Luth- 
 erans but from every “patriot whose heart overflows with gratitude to 
 God for the recent victory,” and closing with the thought: “Will it not be 
 a pleasing reflection to the contributors and to all future visitors of this 
 memorable battlefield, that the institutions, whose soil was plowed up by 
 the cannon-balls, whose halls were stained with blood in defense of the 
 Union, and around which are buried some of the martyrs who died in our 
 holy cause, were not permanently injured; but that by the liberality of 
 Christians and patriots, their latter days were more prosperous than the 
 first.” 
 
 In response to this appeal offerings soon began to come in. When the 
 Directors of the Seminary met on August 11, the subject of damages and 
 repairs received careful consideration. A distinction was 
 made between damages caused by the Battle itself and Patriotic 
 those incurred by the occupancy for hospital purposes. Directors 
 With reference to the, former, «the Directors re- 
 solved that “from motives of patriotism and gratitude to God for the 
 glorious victory vouchsafed to our army at Gettysburg during the first three 
 days of July, 1863, this Board will solicit no compensation from Govern- 
 ment for damages sustained.” (This was a splendid expression of self- 
 denying patriotism and loyalty to the Union. As a matter of fact, there 
 was no act of Congress providing payment for damages caused by battle, 
 and the part of the Board’s resolution quoted is superfluous unless it meant 
 that the Seminary authorities would take no part in any effort to secure a 
 special act of Congress whereby such damages could be paid. It is more 
 likely that the Directors were under the false impression that all war 
 
 207 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 damages were collectable and that they meant to renounce the rights of the 
 Seminary in the matter. At any rate, they used the occasion to emphasize 
 the patriotic appeal to the friends of the Seminary, for the resolution con- 
 cludes: “but will look to the free will offerings of the churches for the 
 means necessary to repair the same.” 
 
 It was estimated that to restore the Seminary prop- 
 
 Appeal for erty to its pre-war condition would necessitate an ex- 
 Thank- penditure of nearly three thousand dollars. It was de- 
 Offerings cided to issue an appeal for funds. Here again the Sem- 
 
 inary acted jointly with the College. A circular was 
 prepared by Dr. F. W. Conrad, who was the new president of the Seminary 
 Board, and was signed by the officers of both Boards. Early in Septem- 
 ber the joint circular was mailed to all the pastors of Lutheran churches 
 in the synods supporting the Seminary and College. It asked for five 
 thousand dollars to repair the damage at both schools. The plea was made 
 on the ground of “patriotism and religion alike’ and in the interest of 
 country, science and theology. It urged that the contributions should con- 
 stitute a worthy “thank-offering presented by the Lutheran Church to the 
 God of battles for the victory at Gettysburg.” In addition to this general 
 
 plea Dr. Conrad published several vigorous calls in the Church papers. 
 The response was generous, considering the economic conditions that 
 prevailed at that time. The amount received was $4,210.69. Of this $2,346.18 
 was used in making the necessary repairs at the Sem- 
 Rehabilitation inary, and the balance was used at the College. The work 
 of repairing the damage to the Seminary property pro- 
 ceeded very slowly because of the scarcity of labor and the great difficulty 
 in securing building materials. Dr. Schmucker was obliged to undertake 
 himself the irksome supervision of the laborers. But before the summer 
 of 1864 all was completed. The northeast corner of the main edifice had 
 been taken down and rebuilt. The gaping wounds in the walls of the build- 
 ings had been closed. The properties had been thoroughly cleaned and re- 
 painted. The grounds plowed by shell and cannon and horses and wagons 
 had been leveled and graded and set in grass. A neat board fence had been 
 erected all the way from the Hagerstown road to the Chambersburg turn- 
 pike, marking the western boundary of the Seminary property. Paling 
 fences once more enclosed the vegetable gardens of the professors, and a 
 rail fence marked the other boundaries of the institution’s acreage. Twenty- 
 three students had registered during the year following the Battle, a re- 
 duction of less than one-third from the number the previous year. Barring 
 other calamities, the Seminary was now in a position to 
 
 Rent asa conduct its business as usual. : 
 Hospital As to the compensation of the Seminary for its use 
 as a hospital, a committee was appointed to ask the Gov- 
 ernment for the rental that was customary in such cases. After much delay 
 
 208 
 
DURING THE BATTLE 
 
 Dr. Schmucker succeeded in securing through Deputy Quartermaster Cap- 
 tain Blood the sum of $660.50. This was applied to the liquidation of a 
 floating indebtedness that was outstanding against the institution. 
 On November 19, 1863, two months after the Seminary had resumed 
 operations, it adjourned its regular work for a day in order to attend the 
 exercises of dedication at the National Cemetery, when 
 President Lincoln formally set aside those grounds for Hearing Lin- 
 their sacred use and delivered his memorable “Gettys- coln’s Address 
 burg Address.” Edward Everett, who was regarded as 
 “the orator of the day,” in the course of his elaborate and eloquent oration 
 gave an account of the Battle, and added, “The highly valuable ‘Notes’ of 
 Professor Jacobs of the university in this place, to which I am greatly in- 
 debted, will abundantly supply the deficiency of my necessarily too con- 
 densed statement.” The reference is to Michael Jacobs, who at Dr. 
 Schmucker’s solicitation had come to Gettysburg in 1829 as instructor in 
 the preparatory “Gymnasium” and who in 
 1832 became professor of mathematics and 
 natural sciences in the new-born College. 
 During the Battle Professor Jacobs took 
 copious notes of occurrences as he witnessed 
 them, and these “Notes,’ expanded into a 
 complete narrative of the Battle and pub- 
 
 lished three months after the event, consti- 
 
 
 
 tute the basis of most other accounts that 
 have appeared since that time. After Ever- : 
 
 PPS ; THE LINCOLN MONUMENT. 
 Pema uoneanueinco nseaddress tthe bene=» ‘standing vat the apot'.where® he 
 
 diction was pronounced by the Rev. Dr. H. L. deliycreds phe e 4 dikes: 
 Baugher.. Dr. Baugher was a graduate of the Seminary and in 1831, after 
 the death of David Jacobs, Dr. Schmucker had brought him to Gettysburg 
 to help in establishing the College as a preparatory school for the Sem- 
 inary. He was at this time President of the College. His benedictory 
 prayer was as follows: “O Thou King of kings and Lord of lords, God of 
 the nations of the earth, who, by Thy kind providence, hast permitted us to 
 engage in these solemn services, grant us Thy blessing. Bless This conse- 
 crated ground and These holy graves. Bless the President of These United 
 States and his Cabinet. Bless the Governors and the Representatives of 
 the States here assembled with all needed grace to conduct the affairs com- 
 mitted to their hands, to the glory of Thy name and the greatest good of 
 the people. May this great nation be delivered from treason and rebellion 
 at home, and from the power of enemies abroad. And now may the grace 
 of our Lord Jesus Christ, the love of God our Heavenly Father, and the 
 fellowship of the Holy Ghost, be with you all. Amen.” 
 
 During the summer of 1864, a year after the great Battle, the regular 
 
 209 
 
HISTORY “OF GETTYSBURG? SEMINARY 
 
 work at the Seminary was again interrupted because of the War. The 
 Confederates had made a raid into Pennsylvania and had burned Cham- 
 
 bersburg. Some of them had come east to within twelve 
 Another Scare miles of Gettysburg. The sufferings incident to the visit 
 
 of the Confederate troops the previous summer were too 
 fresh in the memories of the citizens and students of Gettysburg to allow 
 them to look with complacency on the prospect of another visit. The mer- 
 chants of the town began to remove and conceal their property. Many of 
 the students, both at the College and the Seminary had gone to help in the 
 work of the Christian Commission. Others began to leave for their homes. 
 By the end of July all of the Seminary students had gone and so recitations 
 ceased two weeks before the appointed time for closing the summer session. 
 
 The disruption of the Seminary Faculty in 1864 is charged in part to 
 Gettysburg’s exposure to the Confederates. Dr. Charles F. Schaeffer, who 
 
 took such unceremonious leave of his post in the Sem- 
 This “exposed inary Faculty in September, 1864, and joined the Faculty 
 border region” of the “rival seminary” in Philadelphia, wrote a 
 
 long letter of explanation to the Gettysburg Direc- 
 tors. Among other things he said: “The expected Rebel raid, after the 
 burning of Chambersburg, led me, like most of the citizens and all the 
 merchants, to pack up and temporarily send away a portion of my goods. I 
 was so discouraged by this latter circumstance, that when at the recent 
 meeting of the Board of the new Seminary, I was requested to move 
 at once to the city, I readily embraced the opportunity to withdraw from 
 this exposed border region.” 
 
 But Gettysburg, despite its proximity to the Mason and Dixon line, was 
 not long to be an “exposed border region.” During the next year the for- 
 
 tunes of the Confederacy declined rapidly. During the 
 Peace anda spring session of the Seminary in 1865 the Southern 
 New Era armies surrendered and the full significance of the Bat- 
 
 tle of Gettysburg was then apparent to all. The sum- 
 mer of 1865 was the beginning of a new era not only in the life of the 
 nation but also in the history of the Seminary. The commencement held 
 in August witnessed the formal installation of Dr. Brown as the new head. 
 It was a time of promise both for the Seminary and for the Union. Con- 
 cerning that commencement it is recorded: “The atmosphere was tremulous 
 with patriotism. Many of the speakers gave utterance to sentiments of the 
 highest and purest loyalty. The members of the Board and visitors were 
 generally ardent in their Unionism. How could it be otherwise on the 
 ground of one of the decisive battles of the war?” 
 
 Several incidents in the later life of the Seminary served as reminders 
 of the part the institution had played in the great Battle of 1863. One of 
 these was the construction of a battlefield avenue across the Seminary prop- 
 erty in 1895. When the main Seminary building was originally erected it 
 
 210 
 
DURING-AT HE BATTLE 
 
 was reached by a lane that ran along the western boundary of the Sem- 
 inary property and connected the Fairfield or Hagerstown road with the 
 Chambersburg turnpike. During the Battle this lane was 
 
 occupied by Confederate batteries. Long years after A Part of the 
 the Battle, when the Seminary needed to expand, prop- Battlefield 
 erty was bought further west, but contiguous to the 
 
 original site. Thus the lane ran through the midst of the Seminary acre- 
 age. When the United States Government began to convert the whole bat- 
 tlefield into a vast national military park, carefully marking the various po- 
 sitions of the two armies and making all points of interest accessible to the 
 public, the question arose among the officials of the Seminary whether it 
 would not be advisable to open as a public highway the road running 
 through the Seminary property in the immediate rear of its historic buildings. 
 
 After a few years of discussion the United States Commission on the 
 Gettysburg Battlefield took the matter up and offered to construct and 
 maintain one of their Telford avenues on the site of the 
 old road. The Seminary authorities accepted the offer, Seminary 
 the land was sold to the Federal government for the Avenue 
 nominal sum of one hundred dollars, and the avenue was 
 constructed during the summer of 1895. It took the name “Seminary 
 Avenue,” a name for many years applied to the road leading eastward 
 from the front of the main building and connecting at a sharp angle with 
 the Chambersburg turnpike near the town. The new Seminary Avenue 
 thus became an integral part of the network of fine roads with which the 
 government has covered the battlefield and across which pours the steady 
 stream of tourist traffic that brings about a million visitors to Gettysburg 
 each year to view the monument of the Union’s preservation. Many of the 
 most distinguished visitors to the field take time to mount the Seminary 
 cupola where they secure what is in some respects the best view of the 
 entire field. 
 
 Another memorable event in the history of the Seminary, growing out 
 of its connection with the Battle was the celebration of the fiftieth anni- 
 versary in 1913. All veterans of the Civil War, both 
 Union and Confederate, were invited to come to Gettys- The Fiftieth 
 burg as the guests of the State of Pennsylvania during Anniversary 
 the first four days of July, and fifty-four thousand 
 accepted the invitation. Surely it was a gathering without parallel in all 
 history—victors and vanquished meeting on the scene of battle fifty years 
 after the event and sealing the bonds of brotherhood. From all parts of 
 the country they came. They brought their uniforms of blue and their 
 uniforms of gray. They brought their tattered banners, their wounds 
 long healed, and their memories of conflict still fresh. They brought also 
 their love of a united country and their love of their fellow man. Among 
 those who participated in the formal exercises of the four days were Presi- 
 
 211 
 
HISTORY.OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 dent Wilson, Vice-President Marshall, Speaker Clark and eleven Gov- 
 ernors of States both North and South. Many were the scenes, both touch- 
 ing and stirring, enacted on various parts of the famous field during the 
 “Peace Jubilee,” as it was called. From the Seminary cupola, where fifty 
 years before Buford and Reynolds and the aides of Lee had surveyed a 
 field of carnage, now Union and Confederate veterans, standing side by 
 side, looked out upon a tented city stretching peacefully from Seminary 
 Ridge to Cemetery Ridge and inhabited by nearly sixty thousand honored 
 guests of a loyal State and a grateful Nation. 
 In addition to the great army of veterans who came for the fiftieth an- 
 niversary, at least ten thousand other visitors came to witness the celebra- 
 tion or to participate in it. These had to find lodging in 
 The Seminary > the town. Many of them were distinguished persons 
 as Host who came as the “specially invited guests” of the State 
 of Pennsylvania. To some of these the Seminary threw 
 wide its doors of hospitality. President Singmaster was a member of the locat 
 Citizens’ Committee and was in constant touch with the State Commission 
 and the Congressional Committee, and so had a prominent part in propos- 
 ing the celebration and preparing for it. During the anniversary week the 
 Seminary played host to more than a hundred guests each day. Here 
 where such havoc had once been wrought by the surging forces of war, the 
 families of Union and Confederate officers now slept under the same roof 
 and ate at the same table. Here on the quiet hillside the venerable Grant 
 of Sedgwick’s Corps met the gallant Law of Longstreet’s Corps and dis- 
 cussed their nation’s past and pondered its future. Here one thousand Vir- 
 ginia veterans came marching, with their Confederate banners waving and 
 above them all the Stars and Stripes, to receive back again a Confederate 
 flag taken from them in battle fifty years before. Here Governor Mann 
 of Virginia, together with his staff, were guests during the celebration and 
 here the Governor, himself a veteran of the War, solemnly pledged the peo- 
 ple of his Commonwealth to follow the flag of the Union wherever it goes. 
 And here for several days the children and grandchildren of Meade lingered 
 in most friendly intercourse with the grandchildren of Longstreet, the 
 daughters of Hill and Heth, and the grandsons of Pickett. 
 It is manifestly beyond the scope of these pages to recount the full 
 story of the great Reunion of 1913. The official report of the Pennsylvania 
 State Commission fills a stately volume of more than 
 A Peace four hundred pages. In this report the Lutheran The- 
 Portico ological Seminary is referred to as “our Seminary 
 Hotel.” Nearly half a million dollars were expended for 
 the Reunion by the Pennsylvania and Federal Governments, and out of this 
 amount the Seminary was compensated for its part in entertaining the dis- 
 tinguished guests of the State. The fund thus received was used to erect a 
 stately portico on the west side of the old Seminary building. The portico is 
 
 212 
 
DURINGS HE BAPTLE 
 
 semicircular in form and is upheld by six beautiful Doric columns. A bronze 
 plate bears the inscription: ‘““This Portico is a Peace Memorial Commem- 
 orating the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Battle, A. D. 1913.” It is a fitting 
 memorial of the great Peace Jubilee. At the same time it makes the Sem- 
 inary to face on the battlefield avenue and converts what once had been the 
 rear of the building into its front. It is highly appropriate that the old 
 “school of the prophets” with its message of universal grace and universal 
 peace should face westward as well as eastward and that the view from 
 
 
 
 
 
 THE PEACE PorRTICO, Erected 1914. 
 
 the cupola, like the dome overhead, should spread toward the South as well 
 as the North and East and West. 
 
 Having passed through the Battle, therefore, and the Reunion fifty years 
 later, the Seminary stands today not only as a stately 
 memorial of war but also as a thrilling inspiration to A Monument 
 peace. On the fourth of July, 1913, as the Reunion Cele- of Peace 
 bration was drawing to a close, the Union signal flags 
 waved from Cemetery Ridge the dying words of Robert E. Lee, “Duty is 
 
 213 
 
HISTORY4OF GETEPYSBURGRSEMINARS 
 
 the noblest word in our language.’ The Confederate flags waved back the 
 dying words of Ulysses S. Grant, “Let us have peace.’ Then promptly 
 came the answer, ‘Peace on earth, good will to men.” All this is the mes- 
 sage of the Seminary through a century. And the hundreds of her stu- 
 dents and the thousands of her visitors cannot fail to catch the thrill of that 
 message as they enter her -gates or pass through her halls or sit at the feet 
 of her teachers. 
 
 Thus Gettysburg, long enshrined in the hearts of Lutherans because of 
 its Seminary and College, is new engraved indelibly upon the colossal col- 
 umn of world history because of the famous Battle, the immortal Address, 
 and the great Reunion. 
 
 214 
 
CEA Reet 
 RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS, 1864-1896 
 
 The breach made in the walls of the Seminary building by the military 
 battle of Gettysburg was promptly repaired and the property of the school 
 was placed in better condition than it had been for many 
 years. Likewise, the breach made in the constituency A New Spirit 
 of the Seminary by the disruption of the General Synod of Enterprise 
 and the founding of a new seminary was followed 
 immediately by a period of reconstruction and a spirit of enterprise 
 such as the institution had never known before. The discordant elements 
 had seceded and no effort was made to force them back into the old union. 
 The causes of internal discord that for two decades had interfered with 
 the proper functioning of the institution were now for the most part re- 
 moved. For some years there was to be vigorous firing across the bound- 
 ary lines of the two general bodies, but this war with a foreign power, so 
 far from imposing a handicap, only spurred on the loyal to greater zeal on 
 behalf of their own institution. The new spirit of enterprise applied to 
 every aspect of the Seminary’s life. 
 
 Less than two months after the Ministerium of Pennsylvania had re- 
 solved to establish a new seminary and even before Dr. Brown was elected 
 to succeed Dr. Schmucker, the agitation began for a 
 large increase in the facilities and equipment of the Sem- To Enlarge 
 inary at Gettysburg. The leader in this movement was the Faculty 
 Dr. F. W. Conrad. He was pastor at Chambersburg, a 
 Director of the Seminary, and one of the editors of the Lutheran Ob- 
 server. In a serious of vigorous editorials he appealed for the more ade- 
 quate endowment of all our literary institutions, particularly the Gettysburg 
 Seminary. He pointed out that the theological departments of Yale. and 
 Harvard and the seminaries of the other large denominations all employed 
 four professors, while our school at Gettysburg had only two. He main- 
 tained, therefore, that “the wants of the Church require that two more 
 professors be added to its faculty, the one devoting his whole time to in- 
 struction and the other becoming the pastor of the College and Seminary 
 church and teaching homiletics and perhaps also pastoral theology in the 
 
 Seminary.” This, he showed, would require an additional endowment of 
 $30,000, and he issued repeated calls for that amount. 
 Dr. Conrad’s calls met with such a gratifying re- Conrad’s Call 
 
 sponse that he increased his goal to $50,000. The 
 amount was required, he said, because of the withdrawal of the German 
 professor and because of the proposal to increase the Seminary course 
 
 215 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 from two to three years. A circular was issued setting forth the plans 
 for expansion at the Seminary and pleading for the additional endowment 
 to “meet the exigencies of the present epoch 
 of its history.” Repeatedly he refers to “this 
 crisis period in the history of the Seminary.” 
 Present always was the thought of keeping in 
 advance of the new seminary at Philadelphia, 
 which had made a successful beginning. The 
 literary debate between Dr. Brown and Dr. 
 Krauth had begun and Dr. Brown’s telling 
 strokes in defense of Gettysburg aroused the 
 zeal of Gettysburg’s supporters. The deep feel- 
 ing on Church questions was coined into en- 
 dowment funds. Within five months after Dr. 
 Brown’s election Dr. Conrad could announce 
 that he had secured $13,500 from one family 
 alone, the Graft family -of Pittsburgh. This Erepgrrck W. ConRAD. 
 amount, it was hoped, would be increased to 
 $20,000, and it was set down as the endowment of the “Graff Professorship 
 of Homiletics.” Other large amounts were in prospect. There was much 
 enthusiasm and the official Board of Directors was encouraged to take 
 important action. 
 At a special meeting of the Directors in April, 1865, constitutional notice 
 was given that at the next regular meeting an election would be held “for 
 one, two or more professors.” A committee was ap- 
 The Baltimore pointed to specify the names of the new chairs and re- 
 Convention arrange the course of instruction. This was an act 
 of faith, for the funds to sustain two more _ pro- 
 fessors were as yet nowhere in sight. But at the instigation of Dr. Conrad 
 a convention of the friends of the Seminary was held in Baltimore early in 
 June for the purpose of laying plans “to complete the endowment of the 
 Seminary.” Members of the convention subscribed about $12,000, and the 
 convention itself expressed its conviction that the additional $24,000 re- 
 quired to make a total of $50,000 would be subscribed before the August 
 meeting of the Directors. 
 Dr. Conrad continued the campaign by personal interviews, by corres- 
 pondence and by appeals through the press. In this he was ably assisted 
 by Dr. Brown, Dr. Hay, and others. When the Direc- 
 The Response tors met in August he could report nearly $30,000 already 
 paid in and bright prospects for the early completion of 
 the full amount. Thus it came about that the Seminary Board of Directors, in 
 the very year when the student body was the smallest it had ever been and 
 at the very session when they roundly scored Dr. Schaeffer for his sudden 
 and irregular withdrawal and denied seats to the men of the Pennsylvania 
 
 216 
 
 
 
RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 
 
 Ministerium, nevertheless proceeded to one of the largest undertakings in 
 the history of the institution. They proceeded “in the fear of God and in 
 reliance on His favor” to double the Faculty. 
 
 Before the new professors were chosen, the course of instruction was 
 rearranged into four departments. The professorships were designated as 
 follows: (1) The Professor of Didactic and Polemic 
 Theology; (2) The Professor of Old and New Testa- The Four 
 ment Philology and Exegesis; (3) The Professor of Bib- Departments 
 lical and Ecclesiastical History; (4) The Graff Profes- 
 sor of Homiletics, Church Government and Pastoral Theology. The title 
 “The German Professor” was retained on the list for a few years because 
 there was some hope of forcing the Pennsylvania Ministerium to sustain a 
 successor to Dr. Schaeffer at Gettysburg. This hope soon vanished and the 
 title was dropped. The four departments named above called for the full 
 time of four men. 
 
 As incumbent of the chair of Didactic and Polemic Theology and chair- 
 man of the Faculty the Directors named Dr. J. A. Brown. Dr. Brown had 
 been elected in August, 1864, but because no formal 
 notice had been given of the Board’s intention to elect Brown in 
 he was at that time elected only temporarily. At the Theology 
 special meeting of the Directors in April, 1855, he 
 was elected permanently. His inauguration took place in connection with 
 the Seminary Commencement in August. From the president of the Board, 
 Dr. Lochman, he received the charge to give special attention to the piety of 
 the students, to guard them equally against wild fanaticism and cold formal- 
 ism, and to ground them in the distinctive doctrines and usages of the Luth- 
 eran Church. 
 
 Dr. Brown’s inaugural address on “The Theology for the Times” was 
 profoundly gratifying to the conservative majority in the General Synod 
 There had been a slight element of uncertainty as to his 
 ecclesiastical position, but now he declared himself un- Brown’s 
 equivocally as standing “on the basis of a broad, lib- Inaugural 
 eral, but genuine Lutheranism, a Lutheranism that 
 knows to distinguish between the slavery of the letter and the freedom of 
 the spirit.” He promised to stand by “the General Synod as the best ex- 
 ponent of Lutheranism in these United States” and declared that if any 
 reform or change should ever be needed he would “work constitutionally 
 from within and not schismatically from without.’ He set forth that the 
 theology needed by the American Lutheran Church in that age must be 
 strictly Scriptural, conservatively Lutheran, evangelically liberal and not 
 narrowly exclusive, clear and well defined, comprehensive and progressive, 
 and quickening and transforming. Dr. Brown had struck the right note 
 for an era of reconstruction in the history of the Seminary. He expressed 
 himself clearly and positively and his address met with much applause 
 
 217 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 among the constituency of the school. As one writer put it: “Such a man 
 will make Gettysburg honorable throughout the land and terrible to her 
 enemies.” 
 The chair of Old- and New Testament Philology and Exegesis was 
 occupied by Dr. Charles Philip Krauth. Dr. Krauth had now begun to 
 grow feeble in the service of the Seminary. He was fre- 
 Krauth in quently referred to as “the venerable Dr. Krauth,”’ and 
 Exegesis only two more years of life were to be his lot. But 
 his saintly character was the constant inspiration of his 
 students and his learning helped to give lustre to the Faculty. By the re- 
 adjustment of the departments in 1865 he was relieved from the teaching 
 of Church history and pastoral theology and was permitted to concentrate 
 upon the exegetical branches. When the Faculty was enlarged he volun- 
 tarily removed from the professor’s house on the Seminary campus and took 
 up his abode in his own house in the town, and “in view of his increasing 
 infirmities” the students were required to attend his lectures at his resi- 
 dence. 
 The third professorship was that of Biblical and Ecclesiastical History. 
 As the first incumbent of this chair the Directors, at their momentous ses- 
 sion in August, 1865, chose the Rev. Milton Valentine, 
 Valentine for of Reading, Pa. The professor-elect was a graduate of 
 History both the College and the Seminary at Gettysburg. While 
 a student in the Seminary he had proved his didactic 
 gift by teaching in the Preparatory Department of the College. He was 
 now forty years old and had seen pastoral service at Winchester, Va., and 
 at Allegheny, Greensburg and Reading, Pa. As pastor at Reading he had 
 taken an active part in the work of the East Pennsylvania Synod. He had 
 given proof of his scholarly tastes and for ten years his articles on various 
 subjects in the Evangelical Review had shown him to be a careful and in- 
 tensive student. He had not yet written on controverted subjects, but he 
 was known to belong to the mildly conservative party in the General Synod. 
 His accession to the Seminary Faculty was a distinct asset. 
 The fourth department in the new plan of instruc- 
 Hay for Prac- tion, that of Homiletics, Church Government and Pas- 
 tical Theology toral Theology, was not yet fully endowed in August, 
 1865. Nevertheless, the Directors elected a fourth pro- 
 fessor, but with the understanding that he “shall enter upon his duties as 
 soon as the remaining sum, yet necessary to his support, shall have been 
 secured.” The choice of the Directors fell upon the Rev. Charles A. 
 Hay, D.D., of Harrisburg, who was well known to all the friends of 
 Gettysburg. Early in his career he had spent four years by the side of Dr. 
 Schmucker as teacher of languages in the Seminary. He had had special 
 preparation for the teaching office and had given good account of himself 
 as a teacher. Since that time he had seen seventeen years of experience in 
 
 218 
 
RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 
 
 the pastorate. He was widely known as an effective preacher, a faithful 
 pastor, and a worthy citizen. He was one of the most prominent members 
 of the East Pennsylvania Synod and in 1860 had been its president. The 
 Seminary had always claimed his deep interest. Since 1853 he had been a 
 member of its Board of Directors continuously and twice he was president 
 of the Board. He had taken an active part in the efforts of the Alumni 
 Association and in those of the Board to increase the endowment of the 
 school. He had been repelled by the confessionalism of the Pennsylvania 
 Ministerium and had helped to frame the principal actions of the Gettysburg 
 Board concerning Dr. Schaeffer’s withdrawal and the unseating of the Min- 
 isterium’s chosen Directors. The announcement of his election to the new 
 professorship was cordially received by the alumni and friends of the 
 Seminary. 
 
 Both Dr. Valentine and Dr. Hay accepted the calls extended them. At 
 a conference of the officers of the Board, the Faculty of the Seminary, and 
 the newly-elected professors, it was arranged that Dr. 
 Hay should begin his new work at once and that Dr. Hay Begins 
 Valentine should not come to Gettysburg’ until the Work 
 spring of 1866. This arrangement was agreed upon 
 because Dr. Hay was qualified to give German instruction and there was 
 immediate need for such instruction. Arriving in Gettysburg in September, 
 1865, Dr. Hay was inducted into office at once, although his formal instal- 
 lation did not take place until the following summer. He lived in the sec- 
 ond professor’s house on the Seminary campus, which Dr. Krauth had just 
 vacated. In addition to pastoral theology he taught Hebrew and German. 
 The Hebrew he undertook in order to relieve Dr. Krauth. The three sub- 
 jects that Dr. Hay assumed in 1865 were those for which he was best 
 trained, and with slight variation they continued to be his branches of in- 
 struction throughout his long service of nearly thirty years. 
 
 Dr. Valentine did not come to Gettysburg until the late summer of 1866. 
 He was formally installed at the same time with Dr. Hay. Meanwhile 
 other items had been added to the program of internal 
 
 reconstruction. It was felt that the increase of funds ~ The General 
 of the institution would justify further expansion in Howard 
 the curriculum. Dr. Conrad reported in 1866 that his Professorship 
 
 subscriptions were approaching the goal of $50,000. Dr. 
 
 Brown had begun an active campaign to endow the “General Howard Pro- 
 fessorship.” This was an effort to turn patriotic sentiment to good account 
 for the Seminary and the appeal was made far beyond the ranks of the 
 Lutheran Church. It was argued that the decisive character of the battle 
 of Gettysburg in the War that had just ended, the important part played 
 in that battle both by the Theological Seminary and by Major-General 
 Howard, together with the positive Christian character of the General, 
 justified the endowment of a chair in his honor. 
 
 219 
 
HISTORY.OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Both these financial efforts had bright prospects of success and before 
 another year had passed they had brought to the Seminary nearly $80,000, 
 increasing the total endowment funds to more than one 
 Increased hundred thousand dollars. Moreover, the supporting 
 Income synods, of which there now were five, were each con- 
 tributing annually twenty or thirty dollars to the repair 
 and contingent fund of the institution. In addition, several of the synods 
 gave ten dollars each year for the purchase of books for the library. These 
 various sources of increased income justified abundant hopes for a bright 
 future and called forth a high spirit of enterprise in those charged with the 
 management of the institution. 
 With the prospect of having the full time services of 
 A Three-Years’ four professors in 1866, the Directors at their meeting 
 Course that summer ordered the Faculty to arrange the plan 
 of study so that it would cover a course of three years 
 as provided by the constitution. This provision of the constitution had 
 been allowed to fall into disuse after the first ten years of the Seminary’s 
 life, largely because the synods were constrained by the dearth of min- 
 isters to ordain men before they had completed three years of study. But 
 now in the day of larger undertakings the Seminary decided to return to 
 the ideal of the founders and thus conform to the practice of the best sem- 
 inaries of other denominations in America. This time the synods were per- 
 suaded to co-operate in the plan, and it was put into immediate effect. 
 The Faculty drafted a course extending over three 
 A New years and divided the subjects among the four profes- 
 Curriculum sors, although only four hours were assigned to Dr. 
 Krauth. A few new subjects were introduced, such as 
 Church confessions, natural theology and the relations of science and phi- 
 losophy to revelation. Responding to the demands of the times a stronger 
 apologetic note entered into the curriculum. But the extension of the course 
 of study was brought about largely by the subdividing of the former dis- 
 ciplines, and instead of didactic theology now appear dogmatic theology, 
 polemic theology and history of doctrines. 
 The new course was widely advertised in the Church 
 A New papers. A new edition of the catalogue was also pub- 
 Catalogue lished, the first since 1860 and only the fifth in the his- 
 tory of the school. In addition to the constitution of 
 the Seminary and a list of all former students it displayed a wood-cut of 
 the campus with its three buildings and proudly listed five professors, Dr. 
 Schmucker as professor-emeritus, and Drs. Brown, Krauth, Hay and Val- 
 entine as the active teaching corps. It gave the names of twelve students 
 then in attendance. In connection with its outline of a course of study 
 covering three years it stated that “Special attention is given, throughout 
 
 220 
 
RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 
 
 the course, to the German language, with a view. to qualify all the students 
 to use it in their pastoral labors.” 
 
 The new catalogue of 1867 also announced a change in the sessions of 
 the Seminary. The practice had been to have two sessions each year, with 
 two vacations of six weeks each, beginning the middle 
 of April and the middle of August respectively. Now it A Change in 
 was ordered by the Directors, on a petition from the Sessions 
 students endorsed by the Faculty, that there should be 
 one session of nine months, extending from the last Thursday in September 
 to the fourth Thursday in June and interrupted only by a two weeks’ recess 
 at Christmas. This plan was in practice in several other theological sem- 
 inaries and it had a double advantage in allowing the student to earn more 
 funds for his support and in permitting more intensive study by avoiding 
 interruptions. 
 
 The curriculum thus enlarged and intensified was Increased 
 based upon the expectation of an increase in attendance. Attendance 
 Already in 1866 the number of students had begun to 
 recover from the disruption of 1864. and there was abundant hope for 
 still larger accessions. 
 
 The Faculty requested Drs. Schmucker and Hay “to correspond with the 
 mission houses of Basel and Bremen and with prominent German profes- 
 sors and pastors, with a view of inducing worthy young 
 Germans having the ministry in view to spend a year or No Students 
 two in our Seminary.” But when Professor Tho- from Germany 
 luck and others offered to send orthodox young men 
 who had practically completed their education, provided the Faculty at 
 Gettysburg would pay their traveling expenses from Germany and guar- 
 antee them immediate appointments in connection with their Seminary 
 work, the Faculty declared that their wishes had been misunderstood and 
 it was soon ordered “that the foreign correspondence be dropped.” Only 
 one student came to the Seminary from Germany in this period. He was 
 from the school at Chrischona, near Basel. 
 
 More successful were the efforts to secure students from American 
 sources outside of Pennsylvania College. When the Faculty wrote to Dr. 
 D. F. Bittle, president of Roanoke College, offering the 
 services of the Gettysburg Seminary for the theological ; 
 training of Roanoke graduates who were students for American 
 the ministry, a small stream of men began to flow Schools 
 from that source. The Lutheran colleges in the West began to send some 
 of their graduates to Gettysburg for their theology. In the summer of 
 1867 Illinois State University suspended its Theological Department and 
 some of its students came to Gettysburg. Many of the graduates of the 
 Missionary Institute at Selinsgrove, Pa., finished their courses in the 
 Gettysburg Seminary. These tributaries, together with the main stream 
 
 221 
 
 Many from 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 from Pennsylvania College, served rapidly to replenish the supply of 
 students at the Seminary. From five in September, 1864, the number in- 
 creased to thirteen in 1867, then to twenty-seven in 1869, and to forty-four 
 in 1872. This was by far the largest number in the history of the institu- 
 tion up to that time. It was the fruit of agitation and repeated appeals in 
 the Church papers and of the spirit of larger undertakings as manifested 
 in the new curriculum and enlarged Faculty. 
 But the full complement of four professors was soon 
 Death of broken. On Ascension Day, 1867, it was announced to 
 Krauth the Seminary community that Dr. Krauth, the senior 
 member of the Faculty, had passed away. For more 
 than forty years he had been prominently identified with the Seminary and 
 he was the first professor to die in the service. He took part in the private 
 conferences that preceded the action of the General Synod in founding the 
 Seminary, was a member of the committee to draft the plan for such a 
 school, one of the first financial agents appointed, the first secretary of the 
 Board of Directors, and the third man called to be a professor in the insti- 
 tution. He was an instructor in the Seminary not only during the last 
 seventeen years of his life when he gave it his full time, but also during 
 most of the sixteen years that he was president of the College. His death 
 called forth touching sentiments of the highest regard from Faculty and 
 Directors. A monument was erected at his grave. A large photograph 
 was prepared and hung in the Missionary Hall. His library was purchased 
 for $1,060, and a present of $500 from the funds of the Seminary was 
 made to his widow. A sketch of his life and work is recorded in Chapter 
 XV of this volume. 
 No successor to Dr. Krauth was chosen at once. His hours were divided 
 among the remaining three professors, Dr. Brown taking the New Testa- 
 ment exegesis, Dr. Hay the Biblical criticism, and Dr. 
 Krauth’s Work Valentine the Church polity. For these extra services 
 Parceled Out the professors were allowed $200 additional salary. 
 The increase in salary was much needed. There had 
 been great increase in the cost of living at the close of the War, but the 
 salaries of the professors had remained at $1,000 and house-rent, except in 
 the case of Dr. Brown, whose salary was $400 more. The new arrange- 
 ment concerning Dr. Krauth’s work tided over the finances of the institu- 
 tion until more of the funds subscribed through Drs. Conrad and Brown 
 might be collected. It also afforded the Directors time to choose a prop- 
 erly qualified man as successor to Dr. Krauth. 
 Before Dr. Krauth’s successor could be chosen a sec- 
 Valentine ond vacancy occurred in the Faculty. Dr. Valentine was 
 Resigns called in 1868 to be the president of the College. At first 
 he declined the call, because he was reluctant to assume 
 executive duties. But being twice elected by unanimous vote and strongly 
 
 222 
 
RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 
 
 urged, he finally accepted and at once resigned his chair in the Seminary. 
 He had taught only two years, but he had proved himself a valuable asset 
 to the institution and his going was deeply regretted. 
 
 The Directors at a special meeting in September unanimously elected 
 Rev. Charles A. Stork, of Baltimore, to succeed Dr. Valentine. Mr. Stork 
 was not himself a graduate of the Seminary at Gettys- 
 burg, but in his family there were strong traditions of Stork Declines 
 friendship to the Seminary. His father was one of its 
 graduates and for some years had been a member of its Board of Directors. 
 His grandfather had bequeathed a number of books to the library of the 
 school while it was vet in its infancy. Mr. Stork was barely thirty years 
 old in 1868, but gave splendid promise of scholarship. The year before his 
 election to the Seminary he had declined a call to the professorship of Eng- 
 lish in the College. He now also declined the call to the Seminary because 
 he was bound too strongly to his church in Baltimore. “I know,” he wrote, 
 “that I should be doing violence to the whole bent of my nature to lapse 
 into the mere speculative thinker and teacher.” His declination left the 
 Seminary with only two professors for that year. This was particularly 
 unfortunate in view of the increasing number of students. Happily it was 
 only temporary. 
 
 The securing of a successor to Dr. Valentine was not easy. When 
 Rev. Charles A. Stork declined the call of the Directors, all the work of 
 teaching was carried for one year (1868-1869) by Dr. 
 
 Brown and Dr. Hay. The next year the balloting of the Baugher and 
 Directors resulted in no choice and the work of the third Morris He!p 
 professorship was divided among three men. Dr. Valen- 
 
 tine in connection with his work at the College taught three hours a week at 
 the Seminary. Professor H. L. Baugher, who was a son of the former Presi- 
 dent of the College and had just come to teach Greek in the College, also 
 taught three hours in the Seminary. And Dr. J. G. Morris, of Baltimore, 
 agreed to spend two weeks at Gettysburg during the year lecturing on pulpit 
 elocution and the relations of physical science to revealed religion. 
 
 This arrangement continued for three years while the Directors vainly 
 sought to fill the vacancy. In 1871 Rev. Mr. Stork was again elected and 
 again declined. At a special meeting in November Dr. 
 
 Valentine was urged to return to the chair in the Sem- Others Decline 
 inary, but in vain. At the same session, after a large 
 
 number of ballots had been taken, Rev. E. J. Wolf, of Baltimore, was chosen. 
 After much consideration Mr. Wolf declined the call. The next year the 
 Trustees of the College insisted that Dr. Valentine be relieved of all work 
 in the Seminary. The Directors of the Seminary then unanimously elected 
 Dr. S. Sprecher, president of Wittenberg College. But Dr. Sprecher 
 replied that he must decline the call “for the present” because the Witten- 
 berg Directors had decided to suspend their theological department and send 
 
 ean 
 
HISTORY, OF (GETIYSBURG JSEMINAI 
 
 their theological students to Gettysburg, with the understanding that Dr. 
 Sprecher should remain as the head of the College. Other efforts to choose 
 a professor in 1872 were unavailing and it was arranged that the Rev. Mr. 
 Stork, of Baltimore, should teach six hours a week for half a year and 
 thus take the place of Dr. Valentine. Mr. Stork declined to continue this 
 arrangement more than one year, and again in 1873 repeated efforts were 
 made to secure the full time of a third professor. 
 First, Dr. Valentine was re-elected and strongly urged 
 Wolf Accepts to accept. He did accept and presented his resignation 
 as president of the College, but the resignation was not 
 accepted and he remained as the head of the College. Two months later, at 
 a special meeting of the Directors, the third professorship was designated 
 the “Chair of History” and Dr. Luther E. Albert, of Germantown, was 
 chosen as the incumbent. When Dr. Albert declined, another special meet- 
 
 
 
 THIRD PROFESSOR’s HoUsE. 
 Erected in 1875; occupied by Dr. Wolf, 1875-1905, and by Dr. Coover since 1905. 
 
 ing was held in December and Dr. E. J. Wolf was elected again, this time 
 unanimously. Dr. Wolf had studied at the College and Seminary at Gettys- 
 burg and at the Universities of Tuebingen and Erlangen. He had been 
 pastor at Turbotville, Pa., and at the Second Lutheran Church in Balti- 
 
 224 
 
RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 
 
 more. Though only thirty-four years old, he was well equipped for teach- 
 ing and had all the instincts of a teacher. He accepted the call to the Sem- 
 inary and took up his work there in April, 1874. He was formally installed 
 during the Commencement Week in June, his official title being ‘Professor 
 of Biblical and Ecclesiastical History and New Testament Exegesis.” His 
 inaugural address was on “The Value of Ecclesiastical History to the Evan- 
 gelical Lutheran Church.” By personal solicitation he gathered the funds 
 to erect the third professor’s house on the Seminary property just south of 
 what is now Springs Avenue. 
 
 At the same time that Dr. Wolf was elected, a committee was appointed 
 to negotiate with “some suitable person from Germany” to fill the fourth 
 professorship. There had been repeated assaults on the 
 Seminary by the German Lutheran papers of America No Teacher 
 on the ground that not enough attention was being from Germany 
 devoted to instruction in German. Then, too, the eyes 
 of the Gettysburg Directors may have been turned towards Germany for 
 the fourth professor because two of the teachers in the Philadelphia Sem- 
 inary had been born and trained in the Fatherland. Nothing came of the 
 negotiations of the committee, and: for eight years the Faculty consisted of 
 Brown, Hay and Wolf, with Dr. Morris continuing his annual course of 
 lectures. 
 
 Before a successor to Dr. Valentine had been found the Seminary suf- 
 fered the loss of its Professor-Emeritus. Dr. Schmucker died August 26, 
 1873. He had reached the age of seventy-five. For nine 
 years he had lived in retirement, but he had been writ- Schmucker’s 
 ing steadily, and co-operating in the work of the West Death 
 Pennsylvania and the General Synods, and he had main- 
 tained his interest in the Seminary to the last. Several times during his lat- 
 ter years the Directors had convened at his home. The individual members 
 of the Faculty paid glowing tributes to his memory and the Board of Direc- 
 tors in its resolutions characterized him as “the founder of our Seminary”’ 
 and bore fine testimony to his “moral worth, his attainments as a scholar, 
 his Christian character and his eminent usefulness.” A large portrait was 
 procured and placed in Missionary Hall. Dr. Schmucker’s death called 
 forth many tributes from former students, all of them recognizing him as 
 the father of the institution. 
 
 If Dr. Schmucker had lived only three years longer he would have par- 
 ticipated in the semi-centennial celebration of the institution which he had 
 founded. The celebration came in the year 1876, which 
 was also the centennial of American independence. The The Semi- 
 plans for the jubilee, prepared by a joint committee of Centennial 
 the Directors and the Alumni Association, included 
 two main features. The first feature was the holding of public exercises 
 of celebration at Gettysburg during two days of Commencement Week, 
 
 225 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 June 27 and 28. The second feature was the securing of a fund of $25,000, 
 of which $10,000 was to be used to erect a fire-proof library building, 
 $10,000 to endow the library, and $5,000 to be a permanent fund to meet 
 contingent expenses. 
 
 The program for the jubilee exercises and the grand reunion was ar- 
 ranged largely by the Faculty. It was as follows: 
 
 Ab THE: COLLEGE GHURGE 
 Tuespay, A. M. 
 
 Rev. Prof. J. A. Brown, D.D. (chairman of the Faculty)—A 
 Congratulatory Address. 
 
 Rev. F. W. Conrad, D.D.—‘“The Influence of This Seminary on 
 the Church.” 
 
 Rev. S. W. Harkey, D.D—‘What the Church Owes in Return 
 to this Seminary.” 
 
 Tuespay, P. M. 
 Rev. Prof. J. B. Davis, D.D—‘The History of Theological Sem- 
 inaries.” 
 Rev. Prof. B. Sadtler, D.D.—‘“The Advantages of a Seminary 
 Training.” 
 
 TUESDAY EVENING 
 
 Seminary Graduation Exercises. 
 Alumni Association Meeting. 
 
 WEDNESDAY, A. M. 
 Rev. J..G. Morris; D.D.,, LE. D—=“This sseminarys= History ana 
 Statistics.” 
 Rey. M. Sheeleigh—A Poem. 
 Rev. R. Weiser, D.D.—‘“‘The Necrology of This Seminary.” 
 
 AT THE SEMINARY—GRAND REUNION 
 WEDNESDAY, P. M. 
 
 Rev. L. E. Albert, D.D. (president of the Board)—Address of 
 Welcome. 
 
 Rev. W. N. Scholl, D.D—Response to Welcome. 
 
 Rev. W. M. Baum, D.D.—“‘What Memorial Shall We Rear 
 Todayr” 
 
 Volunteer speeches, not over five minutes each. 
 
 Much publicity was given to the event and large crowds attended all the 
 exercises. Dr. Conrad, in estimating the contribution of the Seminary to 
 the life of the Church during the half century of its existence, showed its 
 various lines of influence through pastors and preachers, missionaries, 
 editors and teachers. He set forth that thirty-nine of the alumni of 
 
 226 
 
RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 
 
 the Seminary had become presidents or professors of educational insti- 
 tutions. He tried to project his vision into the future, even to the one- 
 hundredth anniversary of the Seminary’s birth, and there 
 
 he saw that “under the legitimate influence exerted di- Conrad’s 
 rectly and indirectly by this Seminary, the Lutheran Address 
 Church in this country would by divine blessing become 
 
 in doctrine the most orthodox, in experience the most spiritual, in 
 worship the most reverent, in government the most Scriptural, in piety the 
 most holy, in practice the most energetic, in expedients the most prolific, in 
 benevolence the most liberal, in enterprise the most aggressive, in fellowship 
 the most catholic the world has ever seen in any age or any land.” 
 
 The death-roll of the Seminary, as read by Dr. Reuben Weiser, con- 
 tained the names of one hundred and twenty-one alumni and former stu- 
 dents. Dr. Morris, who had been intimately associated 
 with the institution from the very beginning, read a paper Morris’ 
 giving a chronicle of the chief events in the life of the Chronology 
 school. This paper was published in the October (1876) 
 number of the Lutheran Quarterly. It set forth that five hundred and 
 thirty-seven men had been students in the Seminary, of whom six never 
 entered the ministry, six had abandoned the ministry after some years of 
 service, eight had become Presbyterian ministers, two Episcopal, one Bap- 
 tist, one Universalist, one Swedenborgian, and one a bishop in the African 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, leaving five hundred and eleven who had 
 entered the active ministry of the Lutheran Church. Of this number nine 
 had gone as missionaries to foreign lands, thirty-eight had received the title 
 of Doctor of Divinity, three the title of Doctor of Laws, and one hundred 
 and thirty-three were authors of books. The jubilee exercises served to arouse 
 more intense loyalty on the part of the friends and alumni of the institution. 
 
 The second feature in the general plan for the semi-centennial celebra- 
 tion was not so successful. The committee in charge of the jubilee fund 
 had Dr. L. A. Gotwald as its chairman. They labored 
 faithfully and long. Many methods of appeal were used. The Jubilee 
 Among others, a handsome colored lithograph of the Fund 
 Seminary buildings and grounds was prepared as a gift 
 to all donors of five dollars or over. With all the efforts of the commit- 
 tee, however, they were compelled to report at the end of a year total col- 
 lections of less than four thousand dollars. 
 
 The effort was continued, but the sum never totaled five thousand dol- 
 lars. Many reasons were assigned for this meager result, but today it is 
 clear that sufficient explanation is found in the unparal- 
 leled financial depression that swept over the country at Meager Results 
 that time. Positive distress prevailed in business circles 
 and many long-established houses succumbed to the panic. Even the ordinary 
 objects of benevolence could not be sustained, and with the best of will the 
 
 Cpa 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 constituency of the Seminary simply could not respond to the appeal for a 
 library building and a library endowment fund. When the business strin- 
 gency passed, the semi-centennial year also had ended, and this part of the 
 plan for the celebration could not be carried to completion. 
 Shortly after the Seminary passed the half-century 
 Brown mark it had to choose a new chairman for its Faculty. 
 Stricken Dr. Brown was in the full vigor of his intellectual 
 powers and at the very height of his usefulness to the 
 Seminary when on December 8, 1879, he suffered a stroke of paralysis. It 
 affected his right side and also completely deprived him of the power of 
 speech. Through the other members of the Faculty and the officers of the 
 Directorate, arrangements were made for Dr. Valentine, president of the 
 College, to take two hours of Dr. Brown’s schedule during the remainder 
 of the year and for Dr. Hay and Dr. Wolf to carry the rest of Dr. 
 Brown’s hours. The departments were so re-arranged for the time being 
 that Dr. Wolf had all the work in dogmatic theology. Dr. Hay acted as 
 temporary chairman of the Faculty. 
 At the regular meeting of the Directors in June, 1880, 
 Brown’s Dr. Brown tendered his resignation, but in token of his 
 Death faithful and valuable services to the Seminary and 
 in the hope that he might soon regain his speech, the 
 Directors declined to accept his resignation at that time and the temporary 
 arrangements for instruction were continued another year. In 1881, as 
 there was no prospect of his recovery, his resignation was offered again, 
 and was now accepted, and he was made Professor-Emeritus. He removed 
 with his family to Lancaster and one year later died of apoplexy. The 
 Directors in a series of resolutions expressed their profound sense of “loss 
 to the Seminary of an instructor rich in learning, brave in the defense of 
 the truth, lovingly attached to the work of instruction, and commanding in 
 his influence upon his students.” An expensive crayon portrait of Dr. 
 Brown was procured and placed in the Seminary Chapel. Thus passed one 
 of the most forceful personalities ever connected with the Seminary. A 
 sketch of his life and work is found in Chapter XV of this volume. 
 As successor to Dr. Brown the Directors at once, in 
 Stork Accepts June, 1881, chose Rev. Charles A. Stork, D.D.~ This 
 was the fourth time that Dr. Stork was called to Gettys- 
 burg. More than twenty years before Dr. Stork had had experience in 
 teaching at Newberry College as a colleague of Dr. Brown, and now, al- 
 though only forty-three years old, he had also had twenty years of ex- 
 perience in the pastorate of St. Mark’s Church in Baltimore. He loved the 
 work of the pastorate, but he had abundantly proved his superior intellectual 
 talent and the leaders in the Church longed to see him in a professor’s 
 chair. His sermons showed a strong element of the didactic and his 
 numerous articles in the Lutheran Quarterly and the Observer placed him 
 
 228 
 
RECONSTRUCTION ‘AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 
 
 in the forefront of speculative thinkers and writers in the Lutheran Church 
 in America. A weakness of the throat had begun to make the work in the 
 pulpit somewhat burdensome, and he was constrained this time to accept 
 the call to Gettysburg, as teacher of systematic theology and homiletics and 
 as the new head of the school. 
 
 Dr. Stork took up his new work in September, 1881. His inaugural 
 address dealing with “Advance in Theology” showed the fine temper of the 
 man. The distaste for doctrinal theology in that age he 
 
 ascribed to the fact that theology had fallen out of re- Stork’s 
 lation to life and so had become too speculative, too Inaugural 
 notional, too much a matter of dialetics. “To rescue 
 
 theology from its passion for dialectics and marry it to life is its only hope 
 of salvation from neglect.” He proposed that the doctrine of the Person 
 of Christ should be used as a guide in recasting the theology of the Luth- 
 eran Church in its further advance. Taking the three articles of Justifica- 
 tion by Faith, Baptism, and the Lord’s Supper, he suggested concretely how 
 this Christocentric method of theologizing might be made to redeem the- 
 ology from its neglect and even disrepute. He delighted his students with 
 his methods and deeply impressed the Church with his theological positions 
 and his intellectual power. The Seminary had a bright morrow in prospect. 
 
 Unfortunately before Dr. Stork had spent a single year at his post in 
 the Seminary his throat trouble took a serious turn and from time to time 
 he was obliged to suspend his work in the class-room. 
 
 Less than two years did he spend in the service of the Stork’s Death 
 institution. Obliged to discontinue his work of teaching 
 
 in February, 1883, he offered his resignation to the Directors at their meet- 
 ing in June of that year. His resignation was not accepted and he was 
 given a year’s leave of absence. However, all efforts to halt the malady 
 proved unavailing and he died on December 17, 1883. Twice within eighteen 
 months the Seminary community was called to mourn the loss of its head. 
 Dr. Stork’s early death was lamented throughout the Church. It was a 
 source of profound grief in Seminary circles that such eminent talents 
 could not be used in the direct service of the institution for a longer period. 
 A sketch of his life is recorded in Chapter XV of this volume. 
 
 The year that closed with the death of Charles Augustus Stork had 
 opened with the death of Charles Porterfield Krauth, the professor of sys- 
 tematic theology in the Philadelphia Seminary. The Di- 
 rectors of the Philadelphia institution had turned to the Jacobs to 
 Faculty of Gettysburg College for a successor, and there Philadelphia 
 in the person of Dr. Henry Eyster Jacobs, pro- 
 fessor first of Latin and history, then of ancient languages, and finally of 
 Greek, they found a teacher well qualified for the vacant chair in Phila- 
 delphia. Dr. Jacobs was a son of that Michael Jacobs who was connected 
 with the early history of the Seminary. He was also a graduate of the 
 
 229 
 
HISTORYVOFE GHEPYSBURG SEMIN@teY 
 
 College and the Seminary at Gettysburg. For thirteen years he had been 
 a teacher at Gettysburg, highly esteemed by his students and beloved by his 
 colleagues. His advent to the teaching staff of the Philadelphia Seminary 
 marked the beginning of a period of better understanding between the two 
 institutions. 
 To the Faculty of Gettysburg College also the Seminary Board of Di- 
 rectors turned for a successor to Charles Augustus Stork. The election 
 was held at a special meeting of the Board in March, 
 Valentine 1884. Six names were presented to the Directors, among 
 Returns them that of Professor Theodore Christlieb, of the 
 University of Bonn. After a careful discussion of the 
 merits of the various nominees, every vote was cast for Rev. Milton Valen- 
 tine, D.D. This was precisely the choice that was expected by all the 
 friends of the Seminary. Dr. Valentine easily qualified as the best man to 
 fill the vacancy. His two years of regular service as a professor in the 
 Seminary (1866-68), his seven years of special work as an instructor in the 
 institution, his sixteen years as president of the College, his scholarly writ- 
 ings, his vigorous defense of General Synod Lutheranism, and all his per- 
 sonal qualities of mind and heart, abundantly proved his fitness for the 
 great responsibility. His baccalaureate sermons had marked him as a 
 prince of preachers, and throughout the Church it was felt that he would 
 be a worthy successor to Schmucker, Brown and Stork. Twice before he 
 had been called to the Seminary, but his sense of duty had both times kept 
 him at the College. This time, however, he accepted the desire of the 
 Church as the will of Providence and became in September, 1884, professor 
 of theology and chairman of the Faculty. His arrival was the beginning 
 of a period of nineteen years of active service for the Seminary, and his 
 inauguration as the head of the institution the signal for new developments 
 in this period of larger undertakings. 
 In his inaugural address, on September 29, 1884, Dr. 
 Valentine’s Valentine clearly indicated what would be the prevail- 
 Inaugural ing note in the theology of the Seminary during his ad- 
 ministration. His subject was “Some Present Demands 
 in Theological Training.” His views on the subject accorded very well 
 with those of his immediate predecessor. With reference to doctrinal the- 
 ology the new professor set forth four special demands of the times. It 
 must be the positive and catholic Lutheranism of the Augsburg Confession. 
 It must recognize the principle of development in theological statement, so 
 as to enrich and strengthen that statement and apply its living truth in fresh 
 adaptations to the new conditions of the Church in our day and land. It 
 must always take into account the progress of science and knowledge so as 
 to meet the restless inquiries of each new day. And it must maintain the 
 evangelical position in the face of Biblical criticism. With reference to the 
 practical training of theological students, he emphasized three items. 
 
 230 
 
RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 
 
 Preachers must be trained for more positive and therefore more doctrinal 
 preaching and less preaching about Christianity. Pastors must be trained 
 faithfully to instruct and nurture the young of the Church while at the 
 same time reaching out, even by series of special evangelistic services, if 
 necessary, to claim those who are not of the “constituency” of the Church. 
 And the Seminary must help open the eyes of its students to the enterprise 
 of world-wide missionary conquest. 
 
 On the basis of these principles Dr. Valentine took up the work of 
 teaching theology and for a score of years applied himself with vigor and 
 persistency to the special studies necessary to build up 
 a system of dogmatics. Throughout that period he was Valentine’s 
 revered as a great teacher and loved as a saintly man. Influence 
 He brought much honor to the Seminary and_ at- 
 tracted students from circles beyond its usual constituency. The heritage 
 of his teaching he left in the lives of hundreds of admiring students. Its 
 literary deposit he left in his several volumes, particularly in his two vol- 
 umes of “Christian Theology” that were published posthumously. 
 
 No sooner had Dr. Valentine signified his acceptance of the call to the 
 Seminary than the Directors took measures to increase substantially the 
 funds of the institution and inaugurate a forward move- 
 ment in its life. The lingering illness of Dr. Brown, More Funds 
 followed so closely by the physical disability of Dr. Needed 
 Stork, had for several years laid unusual burdens upon 
 Drs. Hay and Wolf and had interfered with the fullest efficiency of the Sem- 
 inary. The attendance had not diminished, but it had remained practically 
 stationary when there should have been a large increase in order to meet 
 the needs of a rapidly growing Church and to match its progress in other 
 lines of activity. Moreover, the status of theological instruction through- 
 out the land called for a further expansion of the curriculum at Gettys- 
 burg. Adverse economic conditions had passed. The advent of Dr. Val- 
 entine would beget new enthusiasm and furnish occasion for a special appeal. 
 The Board of Directors took action. 
 
 Again it was Dr. F. W. Conrad who took the initiative and made the 
 suggestion. Dr. Conrad had given up the pastorate at Chambersburg and 
 as editor of the Lutheran Observer was living in Phila- 
 delphia. He was in touch with the institutions of other Conrad 
 Churches and longed to see our Lutheran schools on Leads Off 
 a par with the best. As a member of the Gettysburg 
 Board of Directors in 1884 he laid down the thesis that “the duty of inter- 
 preting the signs of the times is enjoined by the Scriptures and the ex- 
 igencies in the domain of theological education in the Lutheran Church 
 seem to indicate that the set time to make provision for the support of four 
 professors in this Seminary has come.” A committee was appointed, with 
 Dr. Conrad as chairman, to secure the funds that would “justify the early 
 
 231 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 election of a fourth professor according to the design of the endowment 
 movement inaugurated in January, 1865.” 
 It will be recalled that the endowment effort undertaken in 1865 had 
 started with the objective of increasing the Faculty of the Seminary to four. 
 It had resulted in a very large increase in the funds of 
 Review of the institution so that they totaled about one hundred 
 Twenty Years thousand dollars, and for one year there were four 
 professors giving their full time to the Seminary. 
 After the death of Dr. Krauth the total income was applied to the remain- 
 ing three professors, but under the increased cost of living it barely af- 
 forded them adequate salaries. The semi-centennial effort in 1876 brought 
 no substantial increase in the income of the institution, and meanwhile about 
 one-fifth of the invested funds had become unproductive and the other four- 
 fifths was yielding at a reduced rate. For several years the annual deficits 
 were covered by drawing from the invested funds, thus further diminishing 
 the income. The Directors in 1879 appointed a committee to devise means 
 to increase the permanent endowment funds. The expectation that Dr. 
 Brown would carry on the work of personal solicitation was disappointed 
 by his sudden physical collapse. In 1880 they employed Rev. A. M. Whet- 
 stone, pastor at Somerset, Pa., and a member of the Board, as the financial 
 secretary of the institution. The next year the salaries of the professors 
 were reduced to $1,500 and house. The work of Mr. Whetstone yielded 
 results only slowly; in four years he reported cash and notes aggregating 
 about $14,000. This brought the total endowment in 1884 to about ninety 
 thousand dollars, the income of which was barely sufficient to support three 
 professors. Thus for nearly twenty years the plan to have four professors 
 had been only a hope unrealized. Dr. Conrad and his committee now pro- 
 posed that the purpose cherished in 1865 should be accomplished at an 
 early date. 
 Forthwith the columns of the Observer began to call attention to the 
 Seminary, setting forth its great service to the Church in times past and 
 pointing out its dire needs for the present. After a year 
 A Fourth of special effort along this line Dr. Conrad relaxed his 
 Professorship endeavors because the College was making a_ special 
 appeal for new buildings and he was co-operating actively 
 in that work. But then in 1887 having ascertained, as he said, “that a con- 
 siderable number of Lutheran theological students of the General Synod had 
 gone to three of the great seminaries of other denominations, he interpreted 
 this as a providential indication that the set time to resume his efforts had 
 come.” In view of the fact that several large legacies would probably soon 
 accrue to the credit of the Seminary and in view of the great exigencies 
 of the situation he proposed to secure only enough funds to maintain a 
 fourth professor for five or six years, leaving the permanent endowment 
 of the chair to a later day. The next year he reported that he had obtained 
 
 232 
 
RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 
 
 the obligations of responsible persons in the sum of $8,000, which would be 
 adequate to provide for the immediate support of the fourth professor for 
 at least five years. He also reported that he had secured pledges sufficient 
 to make up the deficiency in the endowment of the Elizabeth Graff Profes- 
 sorship of $20,000 undertaken by the Graff family in 1865. Thereupon the 
 Directors elected Dr. Conrad’s friend, the Rev. Prof. James W. Richard, 
 D.D., of Springfield, Ohio, as the “Elizabeth Graff Professor of Homi- 
 letics.” 
 
 The new professor was thoroughly equipped both by native talent and 
 by experience for his work of teaching in the Seminary. A graduate of the 
 College and Seminary at Gettysburg, he had spent two 
 years in a pastorate in Illinois, and at the age of Richard Called 
 thirty had begun to teach Latin and history in Carthage 
 College. For five years he was pastor of the church at Carthage. After 
 ten years of teaching at Carthage he was from 1883 to 1885 secretary of 
 the Board of Church Extension. Everywhere his work was characterized 
 by a high degree of ability and fidelity. He wrote freely, not only for the 
 Lutheran Observer and the Lutheran Quarterly, but occasionally also for 
 the Methodist Review, the Andover Review and the Bibliotheca Sacra. He 
 had a reputation as a clear thinker and ready writer with a flowing style 
 and force of expression. In 1885 he became professor of sacred philology 
 in the theological department of Wittenberg College. His scholarly in- 
 stincts and his success as a teacher of theological students brought him the 
 call to the Gettysburg Seminary. 
 
 Dr. Richard accepted the call to Gettysburg and began his work there 
 
 in January, 1889. For his inaugural address he took the subject, “The 
 Christian Pulpit,” and discussed its theme, its end, and its 
 method. The theme of the pulpit, he said, is Christ, in Richard’s 
 His person and work. The service of the altar has Inaugural 
 its place, but it is subordinate always to the sermon. 
 The end of the pulpit is to bring the hearer to embrace “the faith once 
 delivered to the saints” and thus to build up the Church, which is the body 
 of Christ. The method of the pulpit requires it to announce the gospel 
 message, to preacn the way of salvation, and to testify that Jesus is the 
 Christ. 
 
 The inauguration of the fourth professor into the Faculty was the 
 source of great gratification to all the friends of the Seminary. Now at 
 last the ideal of twenty-five years was realized and the 
 loyalty of alumni and friends was kindled anew as they Curriculum 
 saw their beloved school once more equipped in person- Enlarged 
 nel to meet the demands of the times upon theological 
 education. The curriculum of the Seminary could now be enlarged and 
 intensified. This was done by adding separate courses on catechetics, 
 liturgics, symbolics and Church polity. All of these new courses. were 
 
 233 
 
HISTORY*OFs GEDLYSBURG lS EMENAIY 
 
 assigned to the new professorship, and the title of the professorship 
 was extended to include ‘Ecclesiastical Theology.” The new department 
 also took over Dr. Valentine’s work in homiletics and Dr. Hay’s in 
 Biblical criticism. The last named subject was changed a little later 
 to Biblical introduction. The history of doctrine was taken from Dr. 
 Wolf’s department and assigned to Dr. Valentine with his systematic 
 theology. After one year of work under the new curriculum the Fac- 
 ulty could report that increased breadth and thoroughness had been 
 given to the course of instruction. There was a stricter adherence to 
 the constitutional requirements for admission and a more rigid ob- 
 servance of the rules for graduation. Thus the entire tone of the 
 institution was elevated. 
 Meanwhile several lectureships had been established 
 The Holman and these further increased the breadth and efficiency of 
 Lectureship the training afforded by the school. At the very begin- 
 ning of this period the Holman Lecture on the Augsburg 
 Confession had been founded. In connection with the endowment effort of 
 1865 the Rev. Samuel A. Holman, then a young pastor in Altoona, Pa., 
 gave $2,000, the annual income from which was used to secure a lecture 
 each year on one of the twenty-one doctrinal articles of the Augsburg Con- 
 fession. The lecturers were chosen by the Directors on the nomination of 
 the Faculty. Beginning with Dr. Brown on Article One in 1866, there has 
 been a continuous succession of these annual lectures by prominent profes- 
 sors and pastors. They have led to a more thorough study and exposition 
 of the mother symbol of Protestantism and were no small factor in the 
 doctrinal development of the General Synod itself. All were printed in 
 the Evangelical Review and the Lutheran Quarterly, and the first series of 
 twenty-one lectures were published in 1888 in a stately volume of nearly 
 900 pages. The names of the annual lecturers down to the present are 
 gathered on pages 298 and 299 of this history. 
 Another lectureship calculated to broaden the course 
 The Rice of instruction in the Seminary was the “Rice Lecture on 
 Lectureship Methods in Ministerial Work.” This began in 1872 and 
 was made possible through the liberality of Mr. John 
 W. Rice, a Lutheran layman of Baltimore. It was Mr. Rice’s purpose to 
 furnish a means of contact between the students and the practical men of 
 the pastorate. He stipulated that every three years the lectures should 
 cover the following subjects: Developing and Directing the Benevolence of 
 the Church, Caring for the Young of the Church, and Developing and Di- 
 recting Lay Workers in the Church. Mr. Rice gave each year the income 
 of $1,000 to compensate the annual lecturer. The series began with a lec- 
 ture by Dr. J. G. Butler on the first of the three subjects. The lectures 
 were a source of much inspiration to the students, but after 1886 the annual 
 gift from the founder lapsed and the series was discontinued. The fifteen 
 
 234 
 
RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 
 
 annual lecturers on the Rice Foundation are recorded on pages 299 and 300 
 of this volume. 
 
 Later in this period Professor H. Louis Baugher established a lecture- 
 ship on Christian Worship by offering to give annually the interest of 
 $1,000 to procure a lecturer on some aspect of that sub- 
 ject. But the series only continued for six years, from The Baugher 
 1892 to 1897; then the offer of the founder was with- Lectureship 
 drawn. The six lecturers on this foundation were Drs. G. 
 
 U. Wenner, Charles S. Albert, Frank P. Manhart, Jesse C. Koller, Joseph 
 A. Seiss and Edward T. Horn. 
 
 The annual course of lectures by Dr. Morris on Pulpit Elocution and 
 the Relations of Physical Science to Revealed Religion began in 1869 and 
 continued until 1894. For a quarter of a century his 
 name appeared on the roster of the Faculty as Special Morris’ Annual 
 Lecturer. Repeatedly he sought to discontinue this work, Lectures 
 but it was so profitable to the students and so highly 
 prized by them that the Directors and the Faculty united with the students 
 in persuading him to continue until he had passed the age of four-score 
 and ten. 
 
 Concerning the developments in the Seminary curriculum during this 
 period it should be noted also that the subject of German frequently 
 changed its status. The study of the German language, it 
 was felt, was useful only in preparing men to preach in Less Demand 
 that language, and the demand for German preaching for German 
 among the congregations of the General Synod was grad- 
 ually diminishing. Moreover, there was a constant increase in the number 
 of the men who came unprepared to study German and with no desire to 
 learn to preach it. Until 1885 the subject was listed in the curriculum and 
 all listed subjects were required of all regular students. As early as 1877 
 a number of students asked to be relieved of this requirement without for- 
 feiting their right to graduate. The Directors decided that while they did 
 not regard the study of German as absolutely essential to graduation, yet 
 they deemed it of very great importance and therefore deprecated any 
 neglect of it on the part of any student. 
 
 Five years later the subject called for attention again. The number of 
 men studying German was constantly below the demand for German 
 preachers among our supporting synods. In the single 
 year of 1882 the Seminary Faculty had been obliged to A German 
 refuse nine applications from congregations for men to Seminary 
 preach German. When the subject came before the Di- 
 rectors they pointed a significant finger towards the future by heartily en- 
 dorsing the action of the General Synod in establishing its German The- 
 ological Seminary in Chicago and warmly commending Professor Giese to 
 the co-operation and assistance of the pastors in the East. 
 
 235 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Many of the students at the Seminary had now ceased to study German. 
 Efforts were made to induce students from Germany to come to Gettys- 
 burg. The matter of securing a German professor was 
 Few Students discussed. But all in vain. German was fading out of 
 of German the landscape at Gettysburg. In 1885 it was arranged 
 that German should be optional and that those who did 
 not study it should take New Testament exegesis in its stead. Not all of 
 the synods were pleased with this plan, and in 1887 the West Pennsylvania 
 Synod asked that the Seminary take measures to supply more preachers of 
 German. But the plan remained unchanged and German continued to be 
 elective. The result was that the number of those who studied it continued 
 to diminish. Dr. Hay finally made it a rule that when there were not so 
 many as six students desiring to study German, no classes in the subject 
 should be held. 
 Then as the demand for German preachers grew less among the Gen- 
 eral Synod congregations in the East, as the General Synod’s German Sem- 
 inary first at Chicago and then at Atchison grew in 
 German strength, and as the separate department of German in 
 Disappears Gettysburg College was developed, the call for Seminary 
 classes in the language became weaker and less fre- 
 quent until about the turn of the century, when it disappeared entirely. Its 
 disappearance marked the end of a long and troublous chapter in the life of 
 the Seminary. 
 In addition to these improvements in teaching staff and curriculum the 
 Seminary had also built up a valuable library. Dr. Hay, the librarian, had 
 been very zealous in improving the size and quality of 
 Enlarging the library. Many of the books that Dr. Kurtz had pro- 
 the Library cured from friends in Germany in 1826 had proved prac- 
 tically worthless. With the limited funds available 
 for the purchase of new books the library equipment was improved only 
 very gradually during the first two periods in the life of the institution. But 
 about the year 1868, under the genial influence of the new spirit of enter- 
 prise that came over the Seminary, earnest efforts were made to dispose of 
 useless books and duplicates and secure improvement in the size and quality 
 of the entire library. 
 Special appeals for funds were made by the librarian, Several hundred 
 dollars in a “German legacy fund” of the West Pennsylvania Synod were 
 contributed for the purpose. The library of Dr. Krauth 
 Many was purchased in 1869. Some duplicates were sold, others 
 Accessions were presented to the Missionary Institute at Selins- 
 grove, Pa. A card index was introduced at a cost of 
 $230. Donations were received from various sources. In 1870 Governor 
 Curtin used his offices to procure a copy of the Codex Sinaiticus for the 
 Seminary Library. The next year Dr. Hay himself presented a parchment 
 
 236 
 
RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 
 
 roll of the original text of the Book of Esther: The venerable David Mar- 
 tin, of Baltimore, in 1878 donated a statuette of Luther. Presently the 
 Library was made a repository for the publications of the National Govern- 
 ment and the Smithsonian Institution. In 1879 thirty volumes were re- 
 ceived by bequest of the widow of John Herbst, which probably recalled 
 the fact that John Herbst had been the first librarian of the institution in 
 1826 and that he had been chiefly instrumental in having the school located 
 at Gettysburg. The next year one hundred and thirty-six volumes were 
 received from the estate of Rev. L. W. Heydenreich. 
 
 The annual income of the Library was now about one hundred dollars, 
 and for several years a considerable portion of the income was used to pur- 
 chase the works of standard Lutheran theologians of the 
 sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In 1882 Mrs. Martin Library Funds 
 Buehler, of Germantown, Pa., presented a _ costly Increased 
 painting of Luther at the Diet of Worms. Dr. Hay 
 was also the curator of the valuable and growing collection of the Luth- 
 eran Historical Society and this was accessible to the Seminary Faculty 
 and students. Shortly after Dr. Valentine came to the Seminary in 1884 
 a special effort was made to supply the need for more recent and current 
 works in theological literature. A committee of the Board of Directors 
 was appointed to solicit annually from the supporting synods sums to ag- 
 gtegate $300 for the purchase of books. This effort was successful and 
 thus the library needs of the institution were met year by year until in the 
 next period of the Seminary’s life the library was substantially endowed. 
 At the close of this period of reconstruction the library numbered some 
 12,000 volumes, all useful, well arranged, and accessible to the student. 
 
 Another step in elevating the standard of the Sem- 
 inary was taken in 1894, when, at the suggestion of the The B.D. 
 Faculty, it was decided to admit students under certain Degree 
 conditions to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. The 
 purpose of this departure was to “elevate the standard of literary and the- 
 ological attainment” and to “furnish a much needed incentive” to more in- 
 tensive study. The charter of the Seminary was changed so as to permit 
 the institution to grant “the usual degrees in divinity.” Then it was ar- 
 ranged that the degree should be conferred upon those students who were 
 graduates of a regular college, who pursued the full regular course of 
 study at the Seminary, who maintained a grade of 90 per cent, and who 
 submitted two satisfactory theses on assigned subjects. The plan was in- 
 stituted in 1896. A large proportion of each entering class became candi- 
 dates for the degree, and it was soon reported that “this method of grad- 
 uation has had good influence in the way of stimulating study and toning 
 up student effort.” 
 
 At the same time a post-graduate course was established for the same 
 degree. It was required that the candidate must be a college graduate and 
 
 aod 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 must have completed a regular course in theology, that the course must 
 extend over three years, that it must embrace nine subjects in three dif- 
 ferent departments out of a list of twenty-two possible 
 A Post- subjects, that the candidate must present a satisfac- 
 Graduate tory thesis upon an assigned topic, and that he must 
 submit to both written and oral examinations on all dis- 
 ciplines in the course. The post-graduate course also 
 was offered first in 1896 and at once six candidates were listed in the 
 catalogue. It was a means of broadening the usefulness of the Seminary. 
 This expansion of curriculum and enlargement of 
 The Peak of teaching force, this improvement of facilities and in- 
 Attendance tensifying of method, bore their legitimate fruit. The 
 prestige of the institution was increased and it soon re- 
 covered its place as one of the leading theological seminaries in the country. 
 This was reflected in the attendance of students. Year after year a grat- 
 ifying increase was noted, as the reader may observe by consulting the list 
 on page 359. After the institution had recovered from the effects of the 
 battle in 1863 and the disruption in 1864, the number of students increased 
 until in 1875 it reached forty-three, which was ten more than at any pre- 
 vious time. There the record stood for several years in succession. But 
 the average attendance during the next decade was only thirty-five. Then, 
 beginning in 1886, two years after Dr. Valentine had come, there was*a 
 steady increase. In 1890 the increase was large and the total enrollment 
 was fifty-six. The numbers continued to mount until in 1894, two years 
 before the close of this period, the figure stood at seventy-four. This was 
 the peak of the attendance record for the century of the Seminary’s life. 
 It embraced students from districts far beyond the immediate constituency 
 of the Gettysburg school. It made the institution easily the largest Luth- 
 eran Seminary in America and presented a gratifying contrast to its de- 
 pleted condition of thirty years earlier. 
 This extraordinary increase in the patronage of the 
 Additional Seminary raised a new problem, a problem that could 
 Buildings only be solved by a new baptism of the spirit of enter- 
 prise and by one more of the large undertakings that 
 characterized this period. It was a problem of accommodations. ‘The in- 
 stitution had outgrown its physical property. All the work of the school 
 was still being done in the one building that had been erected in 1831. 
 The two professors’ houses, north and south of the main building, had been 
 improved and enlarged from time to time, notably in 1866 when wings were 
 added to each of the houses at a cost of $2,500. Coal-stoves had been in- 
 troduced to replace the hearths in 1857 and three years later illuminating 
 gas had been installed in all the buildings. When Dr. Wolf joined the Fac- 
 ulty in 1874, the Seminary purchased a residence for him on Chambersburg 
 Street. Ten years later the house in the town was sold and a third profes- 
 
 238 
 
 Course 
 
RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 
 
 sor’s house was built on the Seminary property. The new residence was 
 erected on a part of the Seminary’s land south of the first professor’s 
 house, a lot that twenty-five years earlier was regarded as practically 
 worthless and was offered for sale because the Springs Hotel Railroad 
 separated it from the main body of the Seminary property. The new 
 house was a commodious structure costing nearly $8,000, all of which was 
 secured through private solicitation by Dr. Wolf. When Dr. Richard came 
 to Gettysburg he lived for six years in a house that the Seminary rented 
 for him in town until in 1895 a fourth professor’s house was erected on 
 the Seminary campus just east of the first professor’s house. Here Dr. 
 Richard lived for the remaining fifteen years of his life. 
 
 These improvements, however, did not remedy the crowded conditions 
 in the main building in the center of the campus. That building had long 
 since become a land-mark. Its prominent position and its 
 colonial beauty were a delight to the students and friends More Buildings 
 of the school. Many tender and sacred memories Needed 
 gathered about it and its surroundings. From 
 time to time it had been repaired and improved. For nearly thirty years 
 after it was erected its fourth floor had remained unfinished and had been 
 used only for library purposes. In 1859 this floor was finished as living 
 quarters for students. With the increase in attendance in the early seventies 
 there came repeated calls for more accommodations for students. Much of 
 the available space in the building was required for a lecture room, for the 
 library, for a “Missionary Hall” or chapel, and as a home for the steward’s 
 family. With the continued increase in attendance after 1885 and with the 
 addition of a fourth professor in 1889, the demand for more space became 
 imperative. Year after year the Faculty was obliged to rent private rooms 
 for students at the expense of the Seminary. On all sides it was felt that 
 the physical expansion of the institution had not kept pace with its internal 
 development. 
 
 Several times after 1885 the erection of a new building was broached 
 in the meetings of the Board of Directors, but the many appeals that were 
 being made to the Church at that time, particularly the 
 large building program of the College at Gettysburg, A “Crisis” 
 prevented any positive action. In 1889 the College pro- Reached 
 gram was completed and the Faculty of the Seminary 
 strongly urged upon the Directors the necessity for immediate action in the 
 matter of enlarged accommodations. It was pointed out that more dormi- 
 tory rooms were needed, that the valuable library should be placed in a 
 fire-proof building, that more lecture-rooms were now required, and that 
 the Seminary ought to take a lesson from “the prestige of energy and ad- 
 vancing efficiency gained by the fine and commodious theological buildings 
 in other synodical connections in the Lutheran Church, as, for instance, at 
 St. Louis and Philadelphia.” The Directors then appointed a committee, 
 
 239 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 with Dr. Conrad as chairman, to “consider the matter in all its bearings” 
 and report a year later. The committee reported the following year and 
 recommended the removal of the Seminary to a large city. This precipi- 
 tated a “crisis” extending over several years. 
 
 It was not the first time that the removal of the 
 Seminary from Gettysburg had been suggested. As 
 early as 1854, after the Pennsylvania Ministerium had 
 begun to co-operate in the work of the College and 
 Seminary at Gettysburg and had reunited with the Gen- 
 eral Synod, Dr. Schmucker himself had suggested to 
 the Directors “the removal of our institutions to some suitable place East 
 of the Susquehanna.” The matter was discussed at length and then laid 
 on the table. Again in the year of the semi-centennial a resolution was 
 introduced instructing the committee on endowment to “ascertain what 
 amount of money, what buildings, etc., can be secured at York, Pa., with 
 a view to removing this Theological Seminary to that place.” This resolu- 
 tion also was laid on the table. 
 
 But the recommendation of the committee in 1890 
 Directors was adopted by the Directors, and the committee was 
 Favor Removal instructed to secure propositions and donations to carry 
 the movement into effect. Thereupon began a vigorous 
 agitation in the Church. Scores of articles appeared in the Church papers. 
 The advocates of removal spoke first and loudest. Numerous debates took 
 place on the floors of Church bodies. All possible arguments were used: 
 sentiment and tradition were parried with economy and utility ; convenience 
 was argued against beauty, city against country, culture against scholar- 
 ship, pulsating life against penetrating study, expediency against legality. 
 Among the candidates to receive the institution Washington seemed to have 
 most favor. On behalf of that city Dr. J. G. Butler secured offers to 
 donate either of two sites, the one a tract of twenty acres, the other a tract 
 of eight acres at Chevy Chase Circle, which is valued today at millions of 
 dollars. 
 
 Removal from 
 Gettysburg 
 Suggested 
 
 For four years the question was debated and for three successive meet- 
 ings the Directors proceeded with the idea of removal. Meanwhile the 
 committee of the Directors secured architect’s drawings 
 
 Synods Oppose of three buildings for a new institution, but in its efforts 
 Removal to secure the means to remove the Seminary to some 
 city, the committee found its work seriously handi- 
 
 capped both by the opposition to the project and by the “financial strin- 
 gency” in the early nineties. Nothing was decided. Then Dr. Conrad’s 
 health began to fail and his characteristic vigor was lost to the cause of 
 removal. No satisfactory results were achieved and meanwhile the Faculty 
 repeatedly declared that the progress of the institution was being hindered 
 by the uncertainty and its usefulness impaired by the congested conditions 
 
 240 
 
RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 
 
 in the building. The Directors decided to submit the matter for final de- 
 cision to the synods. Their replies showed such a preponderating senti- 
 ment against removal that the Board of Directors at once decided to pro- 
 ceed with the plans for a new building. This was in 1893. 
 
 Dr. Valentine was made chairman of a committee on ways and means to 
 devise plans and specifications for the new undertaking, and the recom- 
 mendations of the committee were adopted by the Di- 
 rectors at an adjourned meeting in June of that year. Plans for a 
 They included the erection of a new edifice for library, New Building 
 chapel and six commodious lecture rooms, the complete 
 remodeling of the old building so as to use all space except the ground 
 floor as student rooms, the construction of a central heating plant to pro- 
 
 
 
 THE NEw BUvwILDING. 
 Erected in 1894 and 1895. 
 
 vide steam heat for all the buildings, including the professors’ houses and 
 the supplying of water for lavatory service in all the buildings. The esti- 
 mated cost of the new building was placed at $30,000. The larger part of 
 the funds for this item of improvement was provided in the will of Mr. 
 Matthew Ejichelberger, of Gettysburg. Mr. J. A. Dempwolf, of York, was 
 the architect and Mr. George S. Yinger, also of York, the contractor for 
 
 the new building. The site chosen was about one hundred feet south of 
 the old building. 
 
 241 
 
HISTORY, OF GHETYSBURG SHV Nevin 
 
 The cornerstone of the new building was laid with appropriate cere- 
 
 monies on February 22, 1894. An address was delivered by Dr. J. G. 
 
 Morris, who sixty-three years before had helped to lay 
 
 The Building the cornerstone of the old building, and one by Dr. 
 
 Begun Luther E. Albert, who for thirty-five years had been a 
 member of the Board of Directors. 
 
 The plans for the new building were enlarged as the work progressed. 
 
 The third floor was given a dormer finish and equipped with nineteen rooms 
 
 for students. Part of the basement was equipped as a 
 
 The Building gymnasium. The building, constructed of brick with 
 
 Completed brownstone trimmings, is designed in the French Renais- 
 
 sance style of architecture, but with great reduction in 
 
 the ornamental features that distinguish that style and with some modifica- 
 
 tions to meet practical requirements. It is one hundred and thirty feet long, 
 
 
 
 THE Two MAIN BUILDINGS 
 
 and sixy-two feet wide, with a chapel extension westward from the center 
 of the building to a depth of forty feet ending in an apse. The section for 
 the library is thoroughly fire-proof and equipped with steel shelving for 
 40,000 volumes. The lecture rooms are commodious and well lighted. The 
 chapel will seat two hundred and fifty people and is beautified with a 
 memorial tablet in honor of Dr. Schmucker and eight large memorial win- 
 dows representing Luther and Melanchthon and memorializing six of the 
 former teachers in the Seminary. The total cost of the new edifice was 
 about $50,000. It was dedicated on May 29, 1895, to the training of men 
 for the work of the Church and to the advancement of the Kingdom of 
 God by means of an educated ministry. Dr. W. H. Dunbar, of Baltimore, 
 delivered the dedicatory address on the theme, “Christ in Theology.” He 
 
 242 
 
RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 
 
 pleaded for a revitalized theology which he distinguished sharply from a 
 reconstructed theology, and he urged peace among the parties in the General 
 Synod. 
 
 The program of physical improvement did not cease with the erection 
 of the new building, but was expanded to include many other items. Ad- 
 ditional land was acquired east and west of the main 
 buildings. A boiler house was built in the grove west Many Other 
 of the Seminary and steam heating was installed in the Improvements 
 buildings. The old main building was remodeled as a 
 dormitory throughout. A fourth professor’s house was erected and the resi- 
 dences of the first and second professors were thoroughly renovated and 
 improved. The grounds about the buildings were graded and planted with 
 
 
 
 FourtH Proressor’s House. 
 
 Showing also the first professor’s house in the center and the fifth on the richt. 
 The fourth professor's house was erected in 1895, and occupied by Dr. Richard, 
 1895-1909, and by Dr. Clutz, 1909-1925. 
 
 trees, and cement walks were laid. The total cost of these additional im- 
 provements was about $40,000. Then, too, the United States Government 
 constructed a wide and substantial battle-field avenue from north to south 
 through the Seminary property in the immediate rear of the buildings. This 
 made access to the Seminary more easy and attractive and gave added value 
 to the property. 
 
 Near the close of this period, also, a valuable addition was made to the 
 acreage of the Seminary property. In 1894 there had been several cases of 
 contagious diseases among the students, and the Faculty asked the Directors 
 to provide some small building to serve as a hospital in such cases. The 
 directors appointed a committee to consider the expediency of purchas- 
 
 243 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 ing “the pottery property.” This was a tract of over fifteen acres lying 
 directly west of the first professor’s house and just south of the Sem- 
 
 inary grove and intersected by the Springs Road. It 
 Acreage contained a frame dwelling house and a modest plant for 
 Enlarged the manufacture of agricultural tile, in an oak grove 
 
 which is an extension of the Seminary grove. . Part of 
 this property had once been owned by Dr. S. S. Schmucker. The condition 
 of the real estate market at Gettysburg in 1895 required immediate action, 
 and the committee of Directors purchased the property from the owner, 
 Mr. J. T. Hartzell, and later transferred it to the Seminary. It was a 
 timely action that led to the purchase of this valuable piece of real estate. 
 The newly acquired land never had an infirmary on it, for subsequent events 
 showed that none was needed, but it did protect for all time the other prop- 
 erty of the Seminary and it provided the institution with splendid sites for 
 
 future residences for professors. 
 
 Altogether the property of the Seminary in 1896 con- 
 Summary as sisted of about thirty-eight acres of land, two large, at- 
 of 1896 tractive and commodious buildings, four professor’s 
 
 houses either new or thoroughly remodeled, and a steam 
 heating plant. The value of the property was conservatively estimated at 
 $160,000. Meanwhile also several legacies had increased the general en- 
 dowment fund to $125,000 and established student scholarships in the amount 
 of $15,000. The students in attendance in 1896 numbered sixty-two and the 
 roster of alumni and former students embraced 851 names. In curriculum, 
 in teaching force, and in material equipment, the old institution was now 
 prepared for the most effective work in its entire history. 
 The narrative of this period in the life of the Sem- 
 Hay’s Death inary cannot close without recording the death of two 
 men long identified with the teaching corps of the school. 
 The first of these was Dr. Hay, who had served on the Faculty in the 
 trying times of 1844 to 1848 and again throughout almost this entire period 
 of reconstruction and rapid growth. A total of thirty-two years he had 
 been a teacher in the Seminary, a longer period than that of any other man 
 except Dr. Schmucker himself. A sketch of his career and his many val- 
 uable services for the Seminary will be found in Chapter XV of this vol- 
 ume. As he passed the age of three-score and ten he felt the weight of 
 the years. The Directors in 1893 offered to procure an instructor to help 
 in the work of his department, but he declined the offer and tendered his 
 resignation to take effect in 1894. Four days later he died. Resolutions 
 of deep appreciation and affectionate regard were adopted by Directors, 
 Faculty, students, citizens and church councils. Abundant recognition was 
 made of his manifold labors on behalf of the Seminary, its course of study, 
 its endowment, and its library. 
 A successor to Dr. Hay was chosen at a special meeting of the Direc- 
 
 244 
 
RECONSTRUCTION AND LARGER UNDERTAKINGS 
 
 torate in August cf that summer. The choice fell on Rev. Thomas C. Bill- 
 heimer, D.D., of Reading, Pa. Dr. Billheimer had received his training 
 at the College and Seminary at Gettysburg. Ordained in 
 
 1868 he had been pastor at Watsontown, Pa., for one Billheimer 
 vear, at Shippensburg for six years, and at St. Matthew’s Installed 
 Church in Reading for seventeen years. His success 
 
 as a pastor, his facility in German, and his continued study of Hebrew, 
 were his qualifications for the vacant chair. He took up his work at the 
 Seminary in September, 1893, and at this post he continued for eighteen 
 years. His inaugural address was entitled “The Study of the Hebrew 
 Language.” 
 
 The other vacancy in the teaching force of the Seminary came in 1895 
 with the death of Dr. Morris. For a quarter of a century he was regarded 
 as a member of the Faculty, because each year he came 
 from Baltimore and gave a two weeks’ series of lectures Death of 
 on Pulpit Eloquence and the Relations between Morris 
 Physical Science and Revealed Religion. This annual 
 series, together with those which he regularly gave in the College, consti- 
 tuted no small element in the training of the 
 men who graduated from the Seminary. Dr. 
 Morris had been a member of its first class of 
 students and was ever afterwards one of its most 
 loyal and active alumni. MHis fine natural en- 
 dowments and varied culture were freely placed 
 in the service of both the institutions at Gettys- 
 burg, and his great influence in the Church and 
 his high standing among the men of other de- 
 nominations frequently stood the Seminary in 
 good stead. For more. than sixty ‘years 
 he was a member of its Board of Directors 
 and many times its president or its  secre- 
 tary. His brother, Charles A. Morris, was for JoHN GEORGE Morris. 
 many years the treasurer of the institution and 
 his private correspondence on behalf of the institution bulks large. 
 
 For half a century Dr. Morris’ voice among the Directors had the 
 weight of wisdom and age. He had a hand in practically every important 
 undertaking in this age of reconstruction. In the period 
 
 
 
 of internal discord he was outspoken in his opposition Morris’ Work 
 to Dr. Schmucker’s theological and confessional posi- for the 
 tions. He was in closer touch with the German Seminary 
 
 sources of Lutheran theology than most of his 
 associates in the Seminary. He had many personal friends among the min- 
 isters of the Pennsylvania Ministerium, and his influence, more than that 
 
 245 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURGHSEMINARKS 
 
 of any other person, helped to secure the co-operation of the Pennsylvania 
 Ministerium in 1854. He was the organizer of the Alumni Association, its 
 first president, and for many years its most active member. He had estab- 
 lished the Lutheran Historical Society and was the chief agent in building 
 up its valuable collection of books and manuscripts. He was particularly 
 influential in the selection of the men who from time to time were added to 
 the teaching staff of the institution. After his death the subjects covered 
 by his annual lectures were gradually merged into the Departments of 
 Homiletics and Systematic Theology, and no successor was chosen to take 
 his place. ) 
 During this period of thirty years the Seminary had doubled its Fac- 
 ulty, restored harmony among its Directors, greatly expanded its curric- 
 ulum, deeply intensified its methods, increased its endow- 
 Summary ment five-fold, enlarged its property and increased its 
 value nearly four-fold, made its library safer and larger 
 and more up-to-date and more accessible, modernized its equipment for 
 both teachers and students, and increased its student body more than twelve- 
 fold. Verily, it had been a period of reconstruction and large undertaking. 
 
 246 
 
Ce PE Ree Lid 
 BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY, 1896-1926. 
 
 The last period in the first century of the Seminary’s life has been 
 notable for its material prosperity. In this the institution reflected the 
 general progress of the Church and the nation. The 
 closing years of the nineteenth century and the first A Business Age 
 quarter of the twentieth constitute for the Amer- 
 ican nation a period of phenomenal economic growth. The popula- 
 tion of the country grew by leaps and bounds, but the wealth of the nation 
 grew four times as rapidly as the population. This new economy brought 
 changes that profoundly affected the Church. The extension and consoli- 
 dation of business, the combinations of capital and of labor, the new out- 
 look in politics, all were reflected in the religious activities of the people. 
 Systematic and business-like organization was one of the outstanding char- 
 acteristics of the Churches. The Churches grew, and they prospered as 
 they grew. More exact business methods were applied, the calls of benev- 
 olence were met with greater liberality, and a new spirit of stewardship and 
 enterprise was awakened. There seemed to be no lack of funds for any 
 worthy endeavor. Building operations and benevolent enterprises were under- 
 taken on a large scale. In this progressive spirit of the times the Lutheran 
 Church participated and with the Lutheran Church its Seminary at 
 Gettysburg. 
 
 The era of material prosperity in the life of the Seminary dates from 
 1896 when the first of several large legacies were added to the funds of 
 the institution. The close of the preceding era had left 
 the institution in dire need of funds. The new buildings Seminary 
 and the other extensive improvements that had been Finances 
 made between 1893 and 1896 had necessitated the ex- 
 penditure of nearly $100,000, and to cover this only $22,000 was in sight. It 
 was the bequest of Mr. Matthew Eichelberger of Gettysburg. In recog- 
 nition of the gift a handsome memorial tablet was placed in the commodious 
 fire-proof library annex of the new building. To meet the balance of the 
 expenditures a financial agent was placed in the field in 1894 while the build- 
 ing operations themselves were under way. Rev. P. G. Bell of Altoona 
 undertook this agency. But because of the extreme financial depression that 
 prevailed throughout that year Mr. Bell laid down his commission at the 
 end of seven months with less than $3,000 in cash and only $2,000 in addi- 
 tional subscriptions. A few small gifts and. legacies were received the 
 next year, but in 1896 the major portion of the cost of the recent improve- 
 
 247 
 
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 -x9 oY} UO sSNOY S,cOssejo1d 4st oy} ‘puNnodset0y oy} UL BSNOY S,AOSSojord YJANOZ oy} SuLMoys “YsesyyNOS ay} WOA] paMmalA 
 
 “SSONIGTING NIivJ{ aHL dO MalA ANVTdOddV 
 
 
 
BIG#BUSINESSYANDrPSTHADY: PROSPERTTLY. 
 
 ments remained unpaid and a debt of $65,000 rested like an incubus on the 
 institution. 
 
 Moreover, the current expenses of the institution were not being met. 
 The money that had been subscribed through Dr. Conrad in 1888 for the 
 temporary support of the fourth professor had now all 
 been spent, and after 1894, the salary of that professor- A Mounting 
 ship added each year to the general indebtedness. The Debt 
 annual contributions of the synods to the “contingent 
 fund” were rarely sufficient to meet the cost of fuel, water, and so forth. 
 Then, too, the treasury of the Seminary, like that of all other institutions, 
 suffered from the depreciation of securities that took place in those years, 
 and thus the income was seriously diminished. The general conditions of 
 the times called for an increase in the salaries of the professors, but while 
 the Directors recognized that the salaries were “meagre and totally inade- 
 quate” they were powerless to increase them. Furthermore, it was rec- 
 ognized as highly imperative that more professors should be added to the 
 Faculty and more departments to the curriculum if the Seminary was not 
 to forfeit entirely its relative standing in the field of theological education. 
 Surely, all these demands on the treasury, in the light of its heavy debt and 
 its diminished income, constituted a loud call in 1896 for vigorous adminis- 
 tration of the finances of the institution. The Seminary needed a financier. 
 
 No forward step could be taken, it was felt, until 
 the indebtedness had been liquidated. The Directors Appeal to the 
 first thought to liquidate the debt by apportioning it Synods 
 among the supporting Synods as follows: to the Synods 
 of East Pennsylvania, West Pennsylvania and Maryland, each $13,000; to 
 the Alleghany Synod, $9,000; to the Susquehanna Synod, $6,000; to the 
 Pittsburgh Synod, $5,400; and to the Central Pennsylvania Synod, $4800. 
 The Synods were urged to create their own agencies to gather their re- 
 spective funds. On behalf of the Directors Dr. G. W. Enders visited all 
 the Synods and reported that each had cordially assumed its quota of the 
 debt and agreed to meet the interest on its quota until the principal was 
 paid. But the benevolent resolutions of the synods did not suffice to pay- 
 the debt; only small amounts were transmitted to the treasury of the Sem- 
 inary, and in 1899 after two years of effort under this plan, less than $3,000 
 had been paid on the indebtedness. The Directors began to consider the 
 appointing of another field agent. 
 
 Meanwhile a legacy of $54,000 accrued to the Seminary from the estate 
 of Henry and Rosanna Singmaster of Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. This 
 was designated for endowment and could not be applied 
 to the payment of the debt. Accordingly $10,000 was set Singmaster 
 aside as a permanent endowment of the library, to Elected 
 be known as the “Rosanna Singmaster Library 
 Fund,” and $40,000 was reserved for the endowment of a fifth professor- 
 
 249 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 ship to be known as the “Henry Singmaster Professorship of Biblical The- 
 ology.” A memorial tablet honoring these two benefactors of the Seminary 
 was placed on the stairway of the new building. The legacy became fully 
 available for the designated purposes in 1899, at the same time that the need 
 for a financial agent became clearly apparent. Accordingly the Finance 
 Committee of the Directors recommended that the Singmaster Professor- 
 ship of Biblical Theology be filled at once and nominated as the first in- 
 cumbent of the chair, the Rev. J. A. Singmaster, D.D., of Allentown, 
 Pennsylvania, a grand-nephew of the donors, who had been an active mem- 
 ber of the Board of Directors since 1893. 
 Dr. Singmaster accepted the call of the Seminary and 
 The Debt began his work on September 1, 1900. He was made the 
 Cancelled “financial secretary” of the institution. During his first 
 year he gave all his time to the solicitation of funds and 
 was able to report receipts in the amount of $22,500. The next year he 
 taught New Testament theology two hours a week and devoted the rest of 
 
 
 
 FirtH PrRoFessor’s House. 
 Erected 1901; occupied by Dr. Singmaster, 1901-1924, and by Dr. Alleman since 1924. 
 
 his time to the financial interests of the Seminary. The following year one 
 hour in Old Testament theology was added to his teaching schedule. In 
 1903 he was able to report a total of about $80,000 collected since his elec- 
 tion as professor. This completely wiped out the troublesome debt and in 
 addition provided for a commodious residence for the fifth professor. The 
 
 250 
 
BIG" BUSINESSVAND 3s TEADY SPROSPERITY 
 
 new house had been erected directly west of the first professor’s house and 
 across the Seminary Avenue from it, on what had been known as the “pot- 
 tery property.” The Directors gave ample expression, both for the Sem- 
 inary and for the Church at large, of their profound sense of gratitude to 
 Dr. Singaster for the “inestimable service’ rendered to the cause of min- 
 isterial education. 
 
 The rejoicing of the friends of the Seminary at the lifting of its heavy 
 debt was tempered somewhat by the news of Dr. Valentine’s resignation. 
 For two score years Dr. Valentine had taught in the 
 Gettysburg institutions, more than half of that time in Valentine 
 the Seminary. Nearly seven hundred students had sat Resigns 
 at his feet in the two schools. In spite of frail 
 health in his youth he had now completed the seventy-eighth year of his 
 life. His growing infirmity of deafness during the last few years had not 
 for a moment interfered with his magnetic power as a teacher, though he 
 himself insisted that it imposed much inconvenience in administrative af- 
 fairs. The years had been crowded with responsibilities, and he now sought 
 the leisure of retirement chiefly in order that he might give himself ex- 
 clusively to writing. In accepting his resignation the Directors recorded 
 their high estimate of Dr. Valentine’s great service to the Church through 
 the Seminary, stating that “for clearness of thought and discrimination in 
 the teaching of truth he stands easily foremost amongst us and that as 
 a theological teacher his place cannot be filled; that we recognize the last- 
 ing impression left by his teaching upon the ministry of our Church, hold- 
 ing them steadfast and safe against the encroachments of loose thinking 
 and the destructive criticism; that we give him the assurance of abiding 
 esteem and profound veneration and warm fraternal love.” Similar senti- 
 ments were uttered everywhere among the constituency of the Seminary. 
 Dr. Valentine was made Professor Emeritus of Systematic Theology with 
 a salary of $500 a year, and was requested to continue in active connection 
 with the Seminary, lecturing at such times and on such subjects as might 
 be agreed on between him and the Faculty. 
 
 It was at the very time that Dr. Valentine’s resignation was announced, 
 that Dr. Singmaster reported the complete liquidation of the Seminary’s 
 debt. This was peculiarly fitting because Dr. Singmaster 
 stated that he had been induced to accept the agency of Singmaster the 
 the institution largely because of his personal con- New Head 
 sideration for the venerable chairman of the Faculty. 
 
 It was now felt that the Seminary, like other educational institutions, 
 needed in its new head a high order of administrative and executive ability. 
 Dr. Singmaster, in his final report as financial secretary, had pointed out 
 some of the needs of the institution along these lines. Indicating possible 
 lines of future progress he had suggested the beautifying of the campus, 
 the endowment of a lectureship on elocution, the establishment of traveling 
 
 251 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 fellowships, and the increase of professors’ salaries. Evidently these sug- 
 gestions approved themselves to the Directors, for as soon as they had ac- 
 cepted Dr. Valentine’s resignation they proceeded at once to elect Dr. Sing- 
 master his successor as “Professor of Systematic Theology and Chairman 
 of the Seminary Faculty.” Dr. Singmaster accepted the office, and the 
 Henry Singmaster endowment was transferred from the Chair of Biblical 
 Theology to that of Systematic Theology. 
 This left a vacancy in the chair of Biblical Theology. 
 Kuhlman To fill the vacancy the Directors chose one of their own 
 Called number, the Rev. Dr. Luther Kuhlman of Frederick, 
 Maryland. Dr. Kuhlman was a product of the Gettys- 
 burg institutions and had served as pastor for two years at Jennerstown, 
 Pennsylvania, for four years at the Second Lutheran Church in Baltimore, 
 and for fifteen years at Frederick. He had been prominent in the general 
 work of the Church, particularly as the head of the Board of Foreign 
 Missions, and he was widely recognized as one of the outstanding pulpiteers 
 in the Lutheran Church of this country. Moreover, he had just delivered 
 the Holman lecture on the fifteenth article of the Augsburg Confession, 
 and this had elicited much admiration. After much hesitancy Dr. Kuhl- 
 man decided to accept the call to the Seminary. Both he and Dr. Sing- 
 master were installed in their new positions in October, 1903. To the 
 Department of Biblical Theology were assigned in addition to Old Testa- 
 ment theology and New ‘Testament theology, the following subjects: 
 Propaedeutics, New Testament criticism, home and foreign missions and 
 Sunday schools. Thus the curriculum was expanded somewhat, and for 
 the first time in its history the Seminary had the full time of five instructors. 
 The next two decades witnessed many changes in the external appear- 
 ance of the Seminary. Dr. Singmaster began at once the process of bauti- 
 fying the Seminary campus and improving its property. 
 Extensive The work of grading and paving that had begun when 
 Improvements the new building was erected was now continued on an 
 extensive scale. The lawn areas of the campus were 
 greatly enlarged. Unsightly buildings were removed. All the prop- 
 erties were placed in an excellent state of repair and covered with adequate 
 insurance. Several parcels of ground contiguous to the property of the 
 Seminary were purchased in order to give proper configuration to the 
 grounds and in order to prevent any disadvantages to the Seminary from 
 possible building operations on those tracts. One of these consisted of 
 about an acre of land on the southern end of the campus. Its purchase ex- 
 tended the campus south to West Middle Street and east to Hay Street. 
 Another tract bought at this time consisted of three acres adjoining the 
 Seminary grove on the north and extending the campus almost to the 
 Chambersburg Pike, although this tract was afterwards donated to Dr. 
 Singmaster personally, to be used by him for the erection of a private 
 
 252 
 
BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 
 
 residence. The additions increased the area of the Seminary Campus to 
 forty-three acres. Its delightful location and its uniform beauty of appear- 
 ance made it the constant object of admiration for visitors to Gettysburg. 
 Then measures were instituted to have the borough 
 limits extended so as to include the Seminary property. In the Borough 
 These efforts were successful, and all the Seminary 
 buildings were connected with the town water supply, sewer and electric 
 lights. 
 During this period several important steps were taken to minister to 
 the social! life of the Seminary students. The first of these was the erection 
 of a refectory or dining hall. The problem of providing 
 
 proper boarding facilities for the Seminary students had A Sketch of 
 never been solved. A sketch of the efforts to solve the Seminary 
 problem may interest .the reader. The original Boarding 
 
 plan of the founders of the Seminary was that all the 
 students should board together “in commons” except in special cases as 
 permitted by the Faculty. This common boarding-table was to be pro- 
 vided by a “steward” who was to be employed by the Directors. These 
 were the specifications of the constitution of 1826. The first few years, 
 as the Seminary did not have its own dormitory, the students roomed and 
 boarded with private families in Gettysburg at a cost averaging two dol- 
 lars a week. But many of the students felt the need of curtailing expenses, 
 and in the spring of 1829 they formed an organization variously known as 
 the Brotherhood, the Confraternity, the Adelphos and the Poorhouse. 
 Nearly all of the students belonged to the organization. They chose one of 
 their number as “superintendent,” rented a large house from Thomas 
 Cooper for $120 a year, employed two colored men as cooks and care- 
 takers, transferred their lodgings to the rented house and proceeded to con- 
 duct an unofficial ‘“‘commons.” This arrangement had the sanction of Pro- 
 fessors Schmucker and Michael Jacobs and it proved highly satisfactory 
 to most of the students. The cost of boarding was reduced by this plan to 
 ninety-six cents a week. Some of the rules that obtained in the Brother- 
 hood border on the semi-monastic. The personal habits of the members 
 were carefully regulated. The fare was substantial, but very plain. Fe- 
 male society was strictly excluded. For a time it was the practice to ap- 
 point one of the brethren to read aloud during meal-time. 
 
 When the Seminary erected its own building in 1831, the basement floor 
 was reserved for the steward, who was also to be the janitor. A commit- 
 tee from the Board of Directors employed a steward and 
 
 the official “commons” began. But there was almost con- The Official 
 stant complaint, either on the part of the students Commons 
 
 concerning the fare or on the part of the steward or 
 stewardess concerning the price allowed for board. For many years in 
 succession the honorable Directors made the boarding-table the subject of 
 
 253 
 
HISTORY: OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 legislation, increasing the cost of board to suit the steward or improving 
 the menu to suit the students. It was a matter of frequent communication 
 between the students and the Directors. More than once stewards were 
 summarily dismissed for remissness in the discharge of their duties and 
 even more frequently students were admonished to be reasonable. When 
 some of the students revolted against the system and undertook to board 
 themselves or secure boarding in the town, a “contingent expense fee” of 
 two dollars a session was laid upon all who did not board at the Seminary 
 table, it was firmly resolved that none of the rooms in the dormitory should 
 be used for cooking, and the provisions of the constitution concerning the 
 commons were read to the students. 
 As the dissatisfaction continued, a new plan was adopted in 1847. It 
 was called the “fraternity system” and closely resembied the “club plan” of 
 the present day. The students organized themselves 
 The Fraternity into a boarding club, paid the stewardess a flat sum to 
 System cook and care for the rooms, and purchased their own 
 supplies, dividing the cost among themselves. After a 
 few years this plan also proved unsatisfactory, partly because of the 
 small number of students and partly because of the inefficiency of the 
 stewardess. The old system of a commons under the official care of the 
 Directors was restored in 1851. The catalogue of that year repeats 
 verbatim the announcement made in the catalogue of 1840: “Boarding $1.50 
 per week in commons. Some students board themselves at 90 cents per 
 week.” But in 1860 the statement reads: “Boarding $2.00 per week in 
 commons. Some students are boarded in private families at a lower rate.” 
 After the Civil War, with the prices of commodities constantly mount- 
 ing, it became increasingly difficult to hold the students to the commons. 
 In 1872 it is recorded that only a minority of them were 
 boarding at the Seminary table. The Faculty recorded 
 its “very decided judgment that the best interests of 
 the Institution would be promoted by the students’ boarding together and 
 separate from a miscellaneous boarding house.” The Directors heartily 
 concurred in that judgment and strongly urged the students to return to the 
 commons. But in spite of repeated efforts to improve the fare during the 
 next fifteen years and in spite of repeated resolutions on the subject, the 
 Seminary commons did not approve itself to a majority of the student 
 body and in 1886 the commons was officially discontinued, the office of 
 steward was abolished, and only the janitor remained. The students were 
 
 free now to find boarding where they would, except that they were strictly 
 forbidden to board at hotels. 
 
 Commons 
 
 Abolished 
 
 From this time on, for twenty-five years the Sem- 
 inary students went into town for their meals, finding 
 accommodations chiefly at the fraternities and boarding- 
 clubs of the College students. In fair weather and foul, they traveled in 
 254 
 
 Dispersive 
 Boarding 
 
BIG-BUSINESS AND. STEADY PROSPERITY 
 
 most cases more than a mile each way for these accommodations. In some 
 cases they formed associations that were not the most desirable and ac- 
 quired habits that were not conducive to the highest refinement. The trips 
 to meals were distracting to student life at the Seminary. There was little 
 sense of common interest in the student body and little opportunity for 
 common enterprise. 
 
 No measures were taken to remedy the boarding situation until 1909, 
 when the Faculty recommended the erection of a refectory on the west 
 side of Seminary Avenue at the north end of the Sem- 
 inary Grove. It was suggested that the style and mate- The Refectory 
 rials of the proposed building should be in keeping with 
 the other buildings of the institution and that it should be large enough to 
 seat about one hundred people at table and to afford living accommodations 
 
 
 
 THE REFECTORY. 
 Trected 1910. 
 
 for a family. The project was approved by the Directors and the building 
 was erected in 1910 under the direct supervision of Dr. Singmaster. Mr. 
 J. A. Dempwolf was the architect. The total cost of the building and its 
 equipment was nearly fifteen thousand dollars. Of this amount about one- 
 fifth was covered by a legacy from Jacob Neidig, in whose honor the din- 
 ing-room was named. Another one-fifth was gathered from the current 
 funds of the Seminary. The balance was secured by subscriptions solicited 
 by Dr. Singmaster. 
 
 The new building with its splendid equipment and beautiful surround- 
 ings not only proved a handsome addition to the property of the Seminary, 
 but it also solved at once the problem that for four- 
 score years had been awaiting solution. The spacious Its Uses 
 and attractive dining-room, the substantial quality and 
 large variety of the menu, the high grade of culinary skill on the part of the 
 
 255 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 matron, and the low rate made possible by the elimination of overhead 
 and by wholesale buying—all combined to attract every resident student 
 and several of the professors’ families to the refectory tables. The co- 
 operative or club plan of administration was adopted and the entire man- 
 agement was placed in the hands of a committee of students chosen by 
 themselves. This plan has worked to the utmost satisfaction of those 
 concerned and both the building and the method of operation have served 
 as models for several other institutions. The daily use of the refectory 
 at once became a pleasing feature in the social life of the students. It 
 has ended the inconvenience and other disadvantages of boarding here and 
 there in the town. It has furnished a point of contact of all the students 
 with one another and thus promoted their sense of brotherhood and fellow- 
 ship in the breaking of bread together. It also provides a most con- 
 venient place for the Faculty and students to hold receptions for groups 
 from outside the institution. 
 Another step in ministering to the social needs of 
 
 The Social the students was taken in 1917 when one of the largest 
 Room rooms on the first floor of the Lecture Hall was splen- 
 
 didly equipped as a parlor or social room. The hand- 
 some furnishings were made possible by the generosity of several lay 
 friends of the Seminary. It serves as a place for the informal gatherings 
 of the students and for the more formal reception of their friends. It 
 soon became the custom for the Faculty to tender two receptions a year, 
 one at the opening of each semester, to the students and their friends. To 
 this the student body reciprocates with a reception in the course of each 
 semester in honor of the Faculty. These pleasant occasions, together with 
 others made possible by the social room and the refectory, have cultivated 
 personal contact between the members of the Faculty and the students and 
 their friends and thus have supplied a long-felt need. They have promoted 
 the sense of solidarity and common interest and have intensified the spirit 
 of loyalty to the Seminary and the cause it represents. 
 
 These aids in the social life of the students have 
 
 Its Value also helped to cultivate the fine art of an easy gentility. 
 
 What is more, for those who have studied at the Sem- 
 inary since these new features have been added, the Seminary is no longer 
 thought of merely as a graduate school in which the lectures and the library 
 are the only features; there is also the culture of personality and the com- 
 mon enthusiasm of Seminary fellowship which helps to mark the students 
 with the distinctive Gettysburg stamp. This, too, constitutes an element 
 in their preparation for the ministry. 
 
 Several other additions to the material equipment of the Seminary are 
 worthy of mention. When the State of Pennsylvania celebrated the fiftieth 
 anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg in 1913 by staging on the bat- 
 tlefield a grand reunion of all the veterans of the Civil War, the Sem- 
 
 256 
 
BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 
 
 inary for a week opened its doors, dormitories and refectory to care for 
 a number of the specially invited guests of the State, particularly the gov- 
 ernors and army officers who came from the South. Com- 
 
 memorating this event, and with funds accruing from it, The Peace 
 a fine portico called the “Peace Portico” was built on Portico 
 the west side of the original Seminary building which 
 
 had served as a hospital during and after the battle. It made a new front 
 of what was formerly the rear of the dormitory, thus conforming with the 
 
 
 
 THE Main BuILpING 1n 1914. 
 
 Viewed from the southwest and showing the Peace Portico. 
 
 new conditions created by the building of the government avenue through 
 the Seminary property. 
 
 . the next year a beautiful copy of Leonardo Da Vinci’s “Last. Supper” 
 was presented to the Seminary by Mr. and Mrs. Harvey C. Miller. It is 
 a canvas twenty-three feet by six and a half feet, 
 
 painted by the artist James A. Sword, of Philadelphia, Other 
 and it was located in the pulpit-recess of the Chapel. Additions 
 In 1916 a Moeller pipe-organ was installed in the 
 
 Chapel, to take the place of the old instrument presented by the College 
 church of Gettysburg twenty-one years before. The new organ was the 
 gift of Mr. and Mrs. William Grecht of Baltimore and Mr. M. P. Moeller 
 of Hagerstown. About the same time a large p-ogram clock was presented 
 by Major H. B. Keiper of Lancaster. During a severe thunder-storm on 
 August 18, 1913, the cupola on the original Seminary building was struck 
 by lightning and burned down to the deck, where the flames were for- 
 tunately arrested. The destruction of this beautiful and historic land- 
 mark stirred the poetic muses of several of the men who in former 
 
 257 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 years had dwelt beneath its lofty dome. By the aid of photographs and 
 a skillful architect the graceful cupola was at once restored to pre- 
 cisely its former appearance. 
 Altogether during these thirty years a debt of over $65,000 was lifted 
 and the property of the Seminary grew in value from 
 Increase in $165,000 to $450,000. Much of this growth in valuation 
 Property Value was due to increase in acreage, additional equipment, 
 new buildings, and the thorough renovation and improve- 
 ment of the older properties. Much of it was due also to the natural in- 
 crease in property values resulting from changed economic conditions. 
 Even more important than the expansion and im- 
 Increase in provement of the property of the Seminary was the 
 Endowment rapid increase of its endowment. When the period 
 opened, that is in 1896, the endowment was about $125,- 
 000. When the debt was liquidated and Dr. Singmaster became chairman 
 of the Faculty, in 1903, the endowment fund stood at about $200,000. Then 
 came rapid increases, through timely bequests of friends, through special 
 action of synods, and through persistent public and private appeals of the 
 President of the Seminary. In its centennial year the Seminary records 
 productive endowment of about half a million dollars. 
 Worthy of special mention among the individual con- 
 Special tributions to the endowment are the following: from 
 Contributions the Hon. J. Harry Fritz of Somerset County, Pennsyl- 
 vania, over $53,000; from the estate of Charles A. 
 Morris, the first treasurer of the Seminary, about $5,000; from Amanda E. 
 Glatfelter of Spring Grove, by bequest, $5,000; from Charles A. Kunkel 
 of Harrisburg, by bequest, $5,000; from Samuel Seibert of Hagerstown, by 
 bequest, $7,200; from the Sharetts brothers of Frederick County, Mary- 
 land, on annuity, $13,000; and from Eleanor S. Lewis of Allentown, Penn- 
 sylvania, by bequest in memory of her grandfather, Dr. S. S. Schmucker, 
 nearly $18,000. 
 In 1919 the enormous increase in the cost of living led the Directors to 
 order that a special effort be made to add to the endowment funds so as to 
 increase the salaries of the professors. Dr. Singmaster 
 The Glatfelter undertook the work and set himself a goal of $100,000. 
 Professorship At the end of a year he was able to report that in- 
 cluding a few small annuities and one small bequest 
 that had matured, his subscription list totaled almost exactly $100,000. More 
 than four-fifths of this sum was already in the treasury as productive en- 
 dowment. Of this amount $50,000 was the gift of the heirs of Philip H. 
 Glatfelter of Spring Grove, Pennsylvania. In recognition of this the chair 
 of New Testament Language, Literature and Theology was designated as 
 “The Philip H. and Amanda E. Glatfelter. Professorship.” 
 At the same time the Maryland Synod decided to celebrate its centennial 
 
 258 
 
BIGsbUSINESSHWAN DoS? EAWY “PROSPIORTYT ¥ 
 
 by endowing a chair in the Seminary. A synodical committee was appointed 
 to secure a fund of $50,000. Asking that the territory of the Maryland 
 Synod be exempt from the special effort being made by 
 
 the Seminary itself, the committee set to work and in The Maryland 
 October, 1920, reported that the desired total had been Synod 
 reached in subscriptions and that more than one-fifth Professorship 
 
 of the amount had already been paid into the treasury of 
 
 the Seminary. Most of the balance was paid in during the next five years. 
 The fund was applied to the endowment of “The Maryland Synod Pro- 
 fessorship of Church History.” 
 
 At the close of this period, therefore, the total assets of the Seminary, 
 in property value and endowment funds, approached the million dollar 
 mark. Surely it was a time of big business and material prosperity, and 
 the Seminary was in tune with the spirit of enterprise that was abroad 
 in the land. 
 
 During most of this period also the supporting synods paid $3,000 an- 
 nually into a “Contingent Fund,” which was used in part payment of the 
 coal bill of the institution. 
 
 This splendid advance in the income of the Seminary made possible 
 several increases in-the salaries of the professors. In 
 1896 the salaries were $1,600 and house. Thirty years Increase in 
 later they were $3,000 and house and heat, with an addi- Salaries 
 tional $500 for the president. The material prosperty of 
 the institution enabled the Faculty and the Directors to undertake much ex- 
 pansion of the curriculum and many improvements in facilities. 
 
 Meanwhile sweeping changes had taken place in the internal operation 
 of the school. For one thing there had been a complete change in the per- 
 sonnel of the Faculty. All of the men who had consti- 
 tuted the Faculty when the new building was dedicated Changes in 
 in 1895 had now passed off the scene. In less than Faculty 
 two decades the four names that had represented the 
 teaching force of the school were gone, and five new names had taken 
 their places. During the next decade two more new names appeared. It 
 was the swiftest change that the annals of the institution record. 
 
 The first of the former Faculty to pass away was Dr. Wolf, who died 
 in 1905, after having been on the teaching staff of the Seminary for more 
 than thirty years. On Dr. Valentine’s retirement in 
 1903 he had become the senior member of the Fac- Wolf's Death 
 ulty. He was only sixty-five years old when he died 
 and still at the height of his powers. His work as a writer and a church- 
 man had brought much honor to the Seminary, and he was president of 
 the General Synod at the time of his death. He was an impressive per- 
 sonality and an inspiring teacher, and his early death was deeply mourned. 
 The students held an impressive memorial service, the Faculty recorded a 
 
 259 
 
HISTORY .OF GETTYSBURG: SEMINARY 
 
 tribute to his memory and the Directors expressed their cordial apprecia- 
 tion of his scholarly attainments, his Christian character, and the high 
 worth to the Seminary of his literary activity. His personal career is out- 
 lined in Chapter XV of this volume. 
 The vacancy in the chair of New Testament Exegesis 
 Coover Called and Church History caused by the death of Dr. Wolf 
 was filled by the election of the Rev. Prof. Melanchthon 
 Coover, D.D. Dr. Coover had been pastor of the College church at Gettys- 
 burg for three years and for one year professor of the English Bible and 
 chaplain in Pennsylvania College of Gettysburg. He began his work at the 
 Seminary in the fall of 1905 and was inaugurated on September 14. The 
 subject of his inaugural address was “The Study of the New Testament.” 
 The next year the Seminary community was called on to mourn the loss 
 of its Professor Emeritus, Dr. Valentine. For nineteen years he had been 
 professor of systematic theology and the responsible 
 Valentine’s head of the institution. For three years he had lived in 
 Death retirement. Once he had emerged from his retirement 
 to deliver to the Seminary students eight lectures on 
 “The Relations of Science and Philosophy to Theology.” The lectures 
 were published in booklet form by the students. On February 7, 1906, he 
 quietly passed away, being in the eighty-first year of his life. His death 
 was the occasion for a repetition of the high personal tributes that had 
 marked his retirement from active teaching. A sketch of his life and work 
 is recorded in Chapter XV of this volume. 
 Another distinguished member of the Faculty died in 1909. This was 
 Dr. J. W. Richard. His death was sudden and came as a distinct shock 
 to the friends of the Seminary. He was only sixty-six 
 Richard’s years old and had just finished his great work on the 
 Death confessional history of the Lutheran Church. He had 
 labored at his studies without surcease and at the time 
 of his death was at the very height of his didactic and literary powers. 
 Both Faculty and Directors recorded their profound sense of loss to the 
 institution in Dr. Richard’s death and expressed their deep appreciation of 
 his sterling Christian qualities, his “unflinching courage in maintaining his 
 convictions,’ and his great “zeal for higher educational standards for the 
 clergy and institutions of his Church, and the consequent inspiration and 
 encouragement to profounder scholarship on the part of his students.” A 
 summary of his life and work is found in Chapter XV of this History. 
 To fill the vacancy caused by the untimely death of 
 Clutz Called Dr. Richard, the official Directorate of the Seminary 
 chose Dr. Jacob A. Clutz. Dr. Clutz had given ample 
 proof of his teaching powers as professor and president of Midland Col- 
 lege. He had also seen a very wide and varied experience in practical 
 lines of Church activity. At the time of Dr. Richard’s death he was the 
 
 260 
 
BIG) BUSINESSSAND STEADY. PROSPERDUDY 
 
 popular pastor of St. James’ Lutheran Church in Gettysburg. He was 
 therefore thoroughly qualified to fill the chair of Practical Theology and 
 Homiletics to which he had been elected. He accepted the call of the 
 Seminary and was inaugurated September 14, 1909. His inaugural ad- 
 dress was entitled, ‘“‘The Essentials of Pulpit Power.” 
 
 Soon there was another vacancy in the teaching force of the Seminary. 
 The year after Dr. Richard’s death, Dr. Billheimer tendered his resigna- 
 tion on account of advancing age. He had served for 
 seventeen years as professor of Old Testament lan- Billheimer 
 guage and literature. He was. now approaching his Resigns 
 seventieth birthday and felt keenly the growing in- 
 firmities of his years. He agreed to teach one more year in order that 
 the Directors might have time to select his successor; then in 1911 he with- 
 drew from the active work of teaching and was made Professor Emeritus 
 of the Old Testament Department. The Faculty and the Directors ex- 
 pressed their grateful recognition of his faithful labors in the Seminary 
 and he was granted an annuity of $300. For nearly twelve years Dr. Bill- 
 heimer lived in retirement, until on February 10, 1923, in his eightieth year, 
 he passed away. He was the last of the veteran teachers who had taught 
 in the original Seminary building. His death called forth many tributes 
 from former students as well as from Faculty and Directors, recognizing 
 his worth as preacher, teacher and citizen. A brief narrative of his life 
 and labors is recorded in Chapter XV of this book. 
 
 When Dr. Billheimer resigned, the Directors appointed a committee to 
 nominate his successor. At a special meeting of the Directors in June, 
 1910, the committee nominated the Rev. Dr. Herbert C. ; 
 Alleman, pastor of Messiah Lutheran Church in Alleman Called 
 Philadelphia. Dr. Alleman had been graduated from 
 the College at Gettysburg in 1887 and from the Seminary in 1891. For 
 four years, 1896 to 1900, he had been pastor of the College church in Gettys- 
 burg. He was now elected to succeed Dr. Billheimer and during the fol- 
 lowing year intensified the courses he had been pursuing in Semitics and 
 archaeology at the University of Pennsylvania. He took charge of his 
 work at the Seminary in September, 1911, and was formally installed in 
 connection with the convention of the West Pennsylvania Synod on October 
 9, delivering his inaugural on “The Study of Hebrew in the Theological 
 Curriculum.” 
 
 Another change in the Faculty occurred in 1916 when Dr. Kuhlman re- 
 signed as professor of Biblical theology in order to accept a call as field 
 secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions. Dr. Kuhl- 
 man had spent thirteen years in his professorship and Kuhlman 
 by his profound spiritual temperament and the graces of Resigns 
 his sterling Christian character he had exerted a most sal- 
 utary moulding influence on the students. The Faculty in taking cognizance 
 
 261 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 of his resignation gave expression to their very high regard for his spiritual 
 influence in the Seminary and their sincere appreciation of “the pleasur- 
 able years of fraternal co-operation as a member of the Faculty.” The 
 Directors, too, left on record their high estimate of he services he had ren- 
 dered in “establishing the course of instruction in a most difficult depart- 
 ment.” : 
 Upon Dr. Kuhlman’s resignation the Faculty recommended an important 
 readjustment of the curriculum, asking that the chair of Biblical Theology 
 be discontinued and that a chair of Church History be 
 Curriculum established in its stead. They set forth that Biblical the- 
 Re-adjusted ology is too highly specialized a subject to occupy a 
 separate department in the Seminary when its ma- 
 terials are practically covered by the exegetical departments, and that the 
 combination of a major subject like Church history with another major 
 subject like New Testament exegesis “has been burdensome to the Pro- 
 fessor and out of harmony with a well balanced curriculum.” The recom- 
 mendation was adopted and the subjects formerly taught by Dr. Kuhlman 
 were distributed. Old Testament theology was assigned to the Depart- 
 ment of Old Testament Language and Literature. New Testament the- 
 ology went to the Department of New Testament Language and Literature. 
 Propaedeutics was given to the Department of Systematic Theology and 
 that department was relieved of its history of doctrine. To the “Chair 
 of Historical Theology” was assigned Church history, history of doctrine, 
 history of religion, and history of missions. This gave much better balance 
 to the entire curriculum and made the individual departments far more 
 homogeneous. 
 To the newly established Department of Church History the Directors 
 called Prof. Abdel Ross Wentz. Dr. Wentz had graduated from the Sem- 
 inary in 1907, had spent three years in the universities of 
 Wentz Called Germany and for seven years had been teaching general 
 history and English Bible in the College at Gettys- 
 burg. He was installed as professor of historical theology at the Seminary 
 on September 21, 1916. His inaugural address was on the subject, “Church 
 History Pure and Applied.” 
 Yet one more change in the teaching staff must be 
 Clutz’s Death recorded before the Seminary rounded out its hundred 
 years. It came near the very end of the period. Dr. 
 J. A. Clutz, professor of practical theology, was approaching his seventy- 
 eighth birthday. He was still in good health and in perfect vigor of mind. 
 But he always took his class-room work very seriously and he now sought 
 to be relieved from the responsibilities of teaching in order that he might 
 have leisure to read and write. He presented his resignation in 1925, to 
 take effect on September 1, 1926. During the summer of 1925 he went to 
 Sweden as an official delegate of the United Lutheran Church to the Uni- 
 
 262 
 
BiG BUSINESS VANDEoLEADY sPROSPRERILY 
 
 versal Christian Conference on Life and Work at Stockholm. There he 
 suffered an accident that led to his death on September 5. He was buried 
 at Gettysburg on September 27. His had been a most varied and useful 
 career, and many were the tributes of appreciation and affection that his 
 death called forth. The Seminary Faculty and students held a special 
 memorial service in his memory. Not only had he kept the work of his 
 department on a high level of efficiency, but by his many lines of activity 
 and his many positions of responsibility in the Church at large, he had 
 served as an important connecting-link between the Seminary and ecumen- 
 ical Lutheranism. A brief account of his varied career is presented in 
 Chapter XV of this book. 
 
 Coming as it did at the opening of the Seminary year, Dr. Clutz’s tragic 
 death left the Department of Practical Theology without a head for that 
 year. The subjects, however, were distributed among 
 the other professors and thus the instruction of that Hoover Called 
 department was temporarily provided for. When 
 Dr. Clutz had resigned, the Directors had committed to their Executive 
 Committee the task of nominating a successor. This committee, reporting 
 on December 15, nominated the Rev. Harvey D. Hoover, Ph.D., S.T.D., 
 president of Carthage College, and he was elected professor of practical 
 theology. Dr. Hoover received his undergraduate training partly at Gettys- 
 burg College and partly at Susquehanna University. He graduated from 
 the Theological Department of Susquehanna University in 1902. His post- 
 graduate work he took at Illinois Wesleyan University, receiving the doc- 
 torate of philosophy in 1906. For two years, from 1907 to 1909, he taught 
 sociology and philosophy at Susquehanna. Then for seventeen years he 
 was the efficient president of Carthage College, instructing also in philos- 
 ophy and part of the time in education. He accepted the call to Gettys- 
 burg and signified his intention to take up the work of practical theology 
 in September, 1926. 
 
 Besides this complete change in the personnel of the teaching staff dur- 
 ing this period, there were also several noteworthy changes in government 
 and curriculum. During the first forty years in the life 
 of the Seminary no important changes were made in its The 
 constitution. Such slight changes as were made pertained Constitution 
 to the time of the vacations and the manner of board- 
 ing. Like the theology of Dr. Schmucker himself, the constitution which 
 he prepared for the institution in 1826 remained unchanged in all impor- 
 tant points throughout his long incumbency as chairman of the Faculty. 
 
 After the accession of Dr. Brown and during the 
 period of reconstruction several significant changes were The Changes 
 made in the constitution. The amendments were adopted of 1866 
 in 1866 and the new constitution was published in 1867. 
 
 The first “design” of the institution is now no longer “to provide our 
 
 263 
 
' HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 churches with pastors who sincerely believe, and cordially approve of, the 
 doctrines of the Holy Scriptures, as they are fundamentally taught in the . 
 Augsburg Confession.” In accordance with the changed confessional tem- 
 per of the Church as a whole, and the changed constitution of the Genera! 
 Synod, the first design of the Seminary is now stated thus: “To provide 
 our churches with pastors who sincerely believe the Word of God, as con- 
 tained in the canonical Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, to be 
 the only infallible rule of faith and practice, and who hold the Augsburg 
 Confession to be a correct exhibition of the fundamental doctrines of the 
 divine Word.” ‘This was directly in accord with the professorial oath of 
 office as it had stood from the beginning. The synodical representation on 
 the Board of Directors is no longer in 1867 based upon the contributions to 
 the Seminary treasury but upon the size of the synod, each synod being 
 allowed as many clerical and lay Directors as it elected delegates to the 
 General Synod. The Directors are henceforth to meet annually instead of 
 semi-annually. In stating that the time for a complete course of study is 
 three years, the constitution no longer suggests that “students may be re- 
 ceived for a shorter time.’ The entire article concerning beneficiaries is 
 deleted, as this work had now been taken up by the district synods. These 
 changes, it was claimed, brought the constitution into harmony with the 
 altered practice of the Seminary and at the same time made the basis of 
 synodical representation on the Board of Directors “more definite and in-» 
 telligible.” 
 Eight years later another general revision of the constitution was made. 
 The purpose seems to have been to relieve the Directors of the responsi- 
 bility for so many of the details in the internal workings 
 The Changes of the school and to place that responsibility on the 
 of 1874 shoulders of the Faculty. The revision consisted 
 largely of omissions from the old constitution. For 
 instance, it is no longer specified how many lectures or recitations each pro- 
 fessor must have, nor how often the students must prepare essays, nor at 
 what hours the students must be in their rooms. The entire lengthy article 
 on “The Devotional Exercises of the Students” is omitted and likewise the 
 sections that prescribed “diligence and industry” on the part of the students, 
 and deference and cleanliness and frugality. Many of the detailed reg- 
 ulations concerning the library are deleted, and these matters are left to 
 the librarian with the sanction of the other professors. To compensate 
 for all these omissions a new article is added empowering the Faculty “to 
 enact By-Laws for the internal government of the Seminary.” Such were 
 the new arrangements in the government of the institution that went into 
 effect in 1874. 
 After that no important changes in the constitution were made for 
 nearly thirty years, which brings us into the period now under review. It 
 was in 1905 that the next step was taken in the development of the polity of 
 
 264 
 
BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 
 
 the Seminary. This time the suggestion for changes came from the Fac- 
 ulty. The year after Dr. Singmaster became chairman of the Faculty they 
 set forth that the charter and constitution are “in many 
 respects quite obsolete and indefinite and may indeed The Changes 
 work to the serious detriment of the Seminary.” A com- of 1906 
 mittee of the Directors undertook the revision, and its 
 suggested changes, with only a few exceptions, were adopted and went into 
 effect in 1906. Many of the changes were calculated simply to make the 
 constitution harmonize with new conditions. For example, the public ex- 
 amination of the classes in the presence of a committee of Directors had 
 fallen into disuse and was now stricken from the constitution, only the writ- 
 ten examinations by the professors being prescribed. The provisions for 
 the conferring of the degree of Bachelor of Divinity, adopted in 1894, were 
 written into the constitution. The article concerning the steward and the 
 longer one concerning the administration of the funds, both being obsolete, 
 were omitted. The design of the Seminary, which was originally expressed 
 in eight sections and in 1867 was reduced to seven, was now compressed 
 into a single sentence and narrowed to the education of ministers. But 
 there is no change in the doctrinal basis either as expressed in the design 
 or as set forth in the professor’s oath of office. 
 
 More important in the revision of 1906 was the change in the size of 
 the Board of Directors. Twenty years before, an effort had been made to 
 reduce the number of the Directors, but without success; 
 
 and again, only ten years before, another such effort Number of 
 had failed. With the continued increase in the size of Directors 
 the supporting synods the number of the Directors Diminished 
 
 had grown until in 1905 it exceeded one hundred. The 
 
 body had become unwieldy and its meetings expensive. The amendments 
 now made limited the total number of Directors to fifty and to that end 
 readjusted the ratio of representation. It is also specified that the regular 
 meetings of the Board be held at Gettysburg. 
 
 The most important change, however, was the new allocation of powers 
 in the internal management of the Seminary. The article that had em- 
 powered the Faculty to enact by-laws for the internal 
 government of the institution was rescinded. The final A Seminary 
 examinations of the students were committed to the pro- President 
 fessors, and the Faculty was authorized to dismiss un- 
 worthy students without first submitting their cases to the Directors. It 
 was, however, distinctly specified that “The actions of the Faculty shall 
 always be subject to revision by the Board.” Most significant was the pro- 
 vision that “The Board shall elect from among the professors a president 
 of the Seminary, who shall be ex officio chairman of the Faculty. He shall | 
 be the executive officer of the Board in the management of the business of | 
 the Seminary, and shall represent it before churches and synods, and shall 
 
 265 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 endeavor to advance its interests, financial and otherwise.’ Thirty years 
 earlier an effort had been made to constitute the chairman of the Faculty 
 an ex officio member of the Board, but the effort had failed. Now, how- 
 ever, a much bigger step was taken in providing for a president of the 
 Seminary as “the executive officer of the Board.” Dr. Singmaster, the 
 chairman of the Faculty, was at once elected president of the Seminary. 
 The president of the Seminary became ex officio chairman of the Repair 
 and Property Committee and the Finance Committee of the Board. There- 
 after, in the proceedings of the Directors, the report of the president of the 
 Seminary takes precedence over the report of the Faculty and deals with 
 many of the matters that had previously been in charge of the Faculty. 
 Thus many of the powers and responsibilities that were vested in the 
 Board of Directors during the first forty years and in the Faculty during 
 the next forty years are now vested in the president. It was a change in 
 method of administration that was demanded by general conditions and sug- 
 gested by the practice of other corporations, the centralization of authority 
 and responsibility in the interest of administrative efficiency. Everywhere 
 it was an era of big business. 
 Corresponding to these several changes in the constitution were the 
 changes from time to time in the charter. And in addition, the revised 
 charter of 1887 provided that the yearly income of the 
 Charter Seminary should not exceed twenty thousand dollars. 
 Changes Sixty years earlier the maximum allowed was six thou- 
 sand. Twenty years later it was placed at fifty thou- 
 sand. After the formation of the United Lutheran Church in America in 
 1918, and the resultant mergers of some of the district synods supporting 
 the Seminary, another revision was made in the charter so as to permit 
 Directors to be chosen by the district synods of the General Synod and also 
 of the United Lutheran Church. 
 As the Seminary approaches its centennial another revision of the con- 
 stitution is in progress. The proposed changes are mostly in language and 
 arrangement of content. It is noticeable, however, that 
 The Changes in the “provisional revision,’ which is to be acted on in 
 of 1926 May 1926, the design of the Seminary includes “to 
 prepare competent men and women as leaders in 
 Christian education and in other spheres of Christian service,’ that the 
 professors are no longer pledged to teach in opposition to the long array 
 of “errorists” who have hitherto been named, that the teaching of the Sem- 
 inary “shall be in harmony with the Doctrinal Basis of the United Luth- 
 eran Church in America,” that provision is made for an Executive Com- 
 mittee of the Board of Directors as well as a Property Committee and a 
 Finance Committee, that the president of the Seminary shall be ex officio a 
 member of the Board, that professors shall retire at the age of seventy-two 
 and shall have a minimum pension of $500 per annum, that provision is 
 
 266 
 
BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 
 made for “special students,” and that the Directors may upon recommenda- 
 tion of the Faculty confer the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. 
 
 This last period in the life of the Seminary witnessed also the expan- 
 sion of the curriculum along several lines. Reference has already been 
 made to the redistribution of the subjects of study and 
 the better articulation of the departments of instruction A New 
 that was effected in 1916 by the establishment of a sep- Department 
 arate Department of Church History. In 1925 an entirely 
 new department was created and a sixth professor added to the Faculty. 
 For some years there had been a demand from the constituency of the 
 Seminary for more instruction in analytical English Bible. An effort had 
 been made to meet this demand by introducing such a course covering one 
 hour a week for each class. With the growing importance of the Sunday 
 School and the sudden interest in week-day religious education and daily 
 vacation Bible schools, the demand arose that our ministers be equipped to 
 act as intelligent leaders in the educational program of the churches and 
 of the Church. Accordingly, on the initiative of the Directors in 1924, it 
 was determined to establish a Department of Religious Education and Eng- 
 lish Bible. This, it was felt, would not only place the Seminary abreast of 
 the times in its curriculum but would also furnish much needed relief to 
 the overcrowded Department of Practical Theology. The new professor- 
 ship was named the East Pennsylvania Synod Professorship of Religious 
 Education and English Bible. 
 
 As the first incumbent of the new chair the Seminary called the Rev. 
 M. Hadwin Fischer, Ph.D. Dr. Fischer came well equipped for the spe- 
 cial duties of his new department. He was a Canadian 
 by birth and a member of the Susquehanna Synod. He Fischer 
 was graduated from Susquehanna University in 1902 and Called 
 from its Theological Department three years later. He 
 served several pastorates. His doctorate of philosophy he received from 
 Illinois Wesleyan University in 1910. In 1919 he organized the Williams- 
 sport School of Religious Education and for three years was its superin- 
 tendent. Then for three years he was the director of Christian education 
 for the Pennsylvania State Sabbath School Association, in which capacity 
 he did pioneer work. He had also published a study of the life of Christ. 
 He was inaugurated on “Matriculation Day,’ September 29, 1925, using 
 as the theme of his inaugural address, “Educational Ministries in the 
 Modern Church.” 
 
 Meanwhile the curriculum had been expanded along other lines. A 
 course in public speaking was introduced. For several 
 years the Directors had tried to find some way of pro- Public 
 viding instruction in the art of elocution, but in 1903 it Speaking 
 was still a desideratum and was enumerated among those 
 mentioned by Dr. Singmaster. Efforts were made to unite with the College in 
 
 267 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 securing a full-time instructor in the subject, but in vain. Finally, Mr. J. 
 Harry Fritz of Somerset, Pa., gave ten thousand dollars to endow an in- 
 structorship in elocution and on this foundation the work began in 1910. 
 The first instructor was Rev. John T. Huddle, D.D., of Washington, D. C., 
 who spent two weeks at the Seminary. The next two years Rev. C. C. 
 Morehart of Cleveland, Ohio, spent three weeks each year giving instruc- 
 tion in public speaking. Then for five years the Seminary had the services 
 each year for six weeks of Mr. Walter P. Taylor, Ph.D., of the Boston 
 School of Oratory. In 1918, due to the World War, no regular instructor 
 was secured, but Professor Byron King gave three lectures on the sub- 
 ject. The next year Mr. L. G. Rarig, of the Byron King School in. Pitts- 
 burgh, spent five weeks on the subject. In 1920 Rev. C. C. Morehart came 
 again for six weeks, and the following year Rev. A. R. Steck, D.D., of 
 Carlisle, for eight lectures. 
 Since 1922 the students have had each year a month of intensive training 
 at the hands of Professor George M. Sleeth, Litt.D., of the Western The- 
 ological Seminary, at Allegheny. He has had a long 
 Sleeth in and honored career in the training of voices for the 
 Charge pulpit. At Gettysburg Seminary he is known as the 
 J. Harry Fritz Lecturer on Public Speaking. His eff- 
 cient services in teaching the art of expression, in training the voice for 
 public speaking and in the correction of faults in delivery, constitute an 
 integral part of the Seminary curriculum and an essential element in the 
 training of the Seminary student today. _ 
 In order to supplement the practical training of the students, the Sem- 
 inary began in 1912 to send each senior class on a tour to one or more of 
 the metropolitan centers. The tour usually extends over 
 Senior Class two weeks. The students are placed under the guidance 
 Tour of experienced hands, and the time is utilized in the 
 systematic observation of the missionary and charitable 
 work of the Lutheran Church in large cities. Each alternate year this trip 
 is made to include a visit to the convention of the United Lutheran Church. 
 The results in the education of the prospective ministers have abundantly 
 justified the investment of time and money, and the main objection to the 
 rural location of a theological seminary is overcome. 
 An important change in curriculum was made in 
 The Group 1919 when the Group System of studies was introduced. 
 System For many years it had been observed that a fraction 
 of each class of students had great difficulty and little 
 profit in the study of Hebrew. The same was true, though to a smaller 
 degree, concerning Greek. Moreover, the rapid changes in High School 
 courses and then in College curricula had brought it about that more and 
 more students came to the Seminary without any aptness to these lan- 
 guages, particularly Hebrew. Every year there were several applicants ’ 
 
 268 
 
BIG, BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 
 
 for admission, who had no elementary training in Greek, but whose qualifi- 
 cations in other respects were excellent. Many theological seminaries had 
 ceased to require Greek and Hebrew of all students but had made them 
 alternative with other courses. Accordingly, on the recommendation of 
 the Faculty, the Group System was inaugurated at Gettysburg. Under 
 this system two groups of studies are offered, the Biblical Literature Group 
 and the English Historical Group. In the Biblical Literature Group both 
 Hebrew and Greek are required throughout the three years. Jn the Eng- 
 lish Historical Group other courses, chiefly in the departments of Practical 
 Theology and of Church History are required in place of Hebrew and 
 Greek. Sudents in either group may elect a limited amount of work in 
 the other. Only those who take the Biblical Literature Group of studies 
 are eligible to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. Under this system more 
 than half of each class have chosen to study Hebrew and Greek, and the 
 net results for all students have been much better than under the old plan. 
 The increase in the number of class periods due to the introduction of 
 the Group System made it necessary to engage one of the seniors to give 
 elementary instruction in Hebrew, but this necessity ceased when a sixth 
 professor was added to the Faculty in 1925. 
 
 Another item in extending the Seminary’s usefulness is the establish- 
 ment of the “Gettysburg Seminary Week.” For many years it.had been 
 the custom of the Seminary, sometimes through a com- 
 
 mittee of the students, but usually through a committee Gettysburg 
 of the Faculty, to import special lecturers, these special Seminary 
 lecturers numbering ten or twelve each year and cov- Week 
 
 ering a wide field. The lecturers were practical pastors, 
 returned missionaries, and specialists of various kinds, both from America 
 and from abroad. The lectures were interesting and profitable, but from 
 the nature of the case, they were only occasional and not stated or sys- 
 tematic. It was felt that the Seminary might minister to a wide circle of 
 her alumni by setting aside one week annually, the same week year after 
 year, for courses of lectures by distinguished scholars outside of the Fac- 
 ulty, when the doors of the Seminary might be thrown open to former 
 students and other friends and when both students and pastors might have 
 an exceptional opportunity for instruction and inspiration. It was planned 
 to inaugurate this new feature the second week after Easter, 1925, but 
 the serious illness of the appointed lecturer compelled a cancellation of the 
 program. It is hoped that the plan can be carried out during the same 
 week of 1926. Dr. A. T. Robertson of Louisville, Kentucky, has been en- 
 gaged, and the response of the alumni justifies the expectation that the 
 “Gettysburg Seminary Week’ will become a permanently useful feature in 
 the life of the institution. 
 
 Several other events in the life of the Seminary during this last period 
 
 269 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 may be regarded as “extra-mural’ activities. One of these began in 1919 
 
 when the Seminary was made a supporting member of the American Schools 
 of Oriental Research at Jerusalem and Bagdad. This 
 
 Oriental Re- gives the students the right to attend these schools free 
 
 search Schools of tuition and to the professors the privilege of partici- 
 pating in the work of research. 
 
 Another service rendered by the Seminary outside of its curriculum is 
 rendered in connection with the Lutheran Summer Assembly. For thir- 
 
 teen years it has acted as host to this inspiring con- 
 Lutheran Sum- ference of Church workers during the first week in 
 mer Assembly August. All its buildings have overflowed with guests and 
 the splendid location and uplifting atmosphere, together 
 with its superior facilities for such a gathering, have won a host of friends 
 who would otherwise have remained strangers. The increasing popularity 
 of the Summer Assembly and the general growth of lay interest in religious 
 activity suggested the establishing of a Bible training school in connection 
 with the regular curriculum of the Seminary. The Faculty took the matter 
 _under advisement and the Directors in 1922 appointed a committee to con- 
 fer on the matter, but it was regarded as too wide a digression from the 
 traditions and original design of the Seminary. Instead of a training school 
 for lay-workers a full Department of Religious Education and English 
 Bible was established, and the design of the Seminary as stated in the 
 constitution was enlarged to include the preparation of “competent men and 
 women as leaders in Christian education and other spheres of Christian 
 service.” 
 
 A decided advance in the internal equipment of the Seminary during 
 this period appears in the Library. This, as we have seen, was always an 
 
 object of special concern and usually an object of pride. 
 The Library Born before the Seminary itself, it grew rapidly. From 
 to 1895 6,000 volumes in 1827 it grew to 7,000 in 1840 and to 
 
 8,500 in 1850. In 1860 it numbered 10,500 volumes 
 and was still called “one of the most valuable in the United States.” Six- 
 teen years later when a campaign was undertaken to endow the Library 
 it was announced that the books were “mainly German and many of them 
 comparatively useless.” The endowment was not realized and the Library 
 after that grew more slowly. But under Dr. Hay as librarian new books 
 were selected with great care and the books were made readily accessible 
 to the students. During his incumbency also the foundations were laid 
 for the valuable collection of the Lutheran Historical Society, which was 
 housed with the Seminary Library. 
 
 In 1895, when the Seminary Library was moved to its handsome fire- 
 proof hall in the new building, Dr. Richard was librarian and there were 
 about 12,000 volumes in the two collections. Then by the aid of funds 
 from the Singmaster estate and others from the Fritz estate, larger ac- 
 
 270 
 
BIG WBUSINES SVAN DASTEADY 7 PROSPERITY 
 
 cessions were made possible. Particularly valuable were the additions in 
 patristics, symbolics and liturgics. Some of these works were of great 
 rarity, and for double security in caring for them a 
 
 heavy vault was built in the library annex in 1908. When The Library 
 Dr. Richard laid down his labors in 1909 the Seminary to 1909 
 Library numbered 16,000 volumes and the Lutheran 
 
 Historical Society collection had grown to 3,000 volumes, the largest and 
 best collection of its sort in existence. 
 
 During the next ten years there was steady increase in all the depart- 
 ments of the Library. Dr. Coover was librarian. Several important dona- 
 tions of books were received. One was a collection of 
 five hundred volumes from the private library of Dr. The Library 
 Eli Huber, an alumnus of the Seminary and former pro- to 1920 
 fessor of English Bible in Gettysburg College. These 
 were largely works on devotional and apologetic themes and were received in 
 
 
 
 AN ALCOVE IN THE LIBRARY. 
 
 1912. Another donation was a collection of nearly a thousand volumes from 
 the private library of Dr. Richard, donated by his widow in 1919. Among 
 these were many volumes of exceptional value to theological students. 
 From the private library of Rev. Charles Reinewald, D.D., about three 
 hundred volumés were donated to the Seminary after his death in 1920. 
 More than a thousand volumes gathered by Dr. Clutz and bearing directly 
 on the subjects he had taught were bequeathed to the Seminary to form 
 valuable departmental libraries for the Departments of Practical Theology 
 and Religious Education. 
 
 The most important accession to the Library in its whole history is the 
 donation of Dr. Jeremiah Zimmerman of Syracuse, New York. Through 
 
 2/1 
 
HISTORY OF-GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 inany years of research and travel Dr. Zimmezman had built up the li- 
 brary of a student, and, desiring it to remain intact for the largest service, 
 he gave it to ‘his theological alma mater. The collec- 
 The Zimmer- tion began to arrive in 1919. It embraces already (1926) 
 man Collection more than eleven thousand volumes, and there are several 
 thousand more waiting to be sent. It includes the richest 
 
 
 
 Cea 
 
 BOOKPLATE OF THE ZIMMERMAN COLLECTION 
 
 lore of ancient civilizations, of classic times, and of the modern period. It 
 1s a grand storehouse of general and theological literature, history, bi- 
 ography and travel, but is especially valuable for its works on the fine arts. 
 
 272 
 
BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 
 
 These volumes are supplemented with splendid folios of art and archi- 
 tecture, a-large number of rare coins and valuable medals, and about 13,000 
 mounted postcards and photographs collected during many years of travel. 
 There is a rare copy of the famous Gothic “Codex Argentinus” with fac- 
 simile pages and a leaf from the Gutenberg Bible, the first book ever printed 
 from movable type. There are a number of very rare old books, such as 
 the richly illuminated manuscript Bible of the thirteenth century, a quarto 
 Bible of 1479 and a folio copy of the New Testament of 1488, and several 
 other incunabula. Other treasures are two large volumes of St. Jerome’s 
 letters, printed in 1468, a first edition of Luther’s Small Catechism and 
 Prayer-Book, a first edition of the Augsburg Confession in German of 
 1530, and a first edition of the Greek Bible of 1518 with marginal anno- 
 tations by some contemporary. 
 
 This valuable collection is known as the “Dr. Jeremiah Zimmerman 
 Library.” In order to house it properly the Lutheran Historical Library 
 was moved to the lower floor of the building and thus a separate wing of 
 the library annex was made available. Altogether, the Seminary Library, 
 the Zimmerman Library and the Lutheran Historical Library place more 
 than 42,000 volumes at the service of the student. 
 
 In order to stimulate greater use of the Library and to cultivate the 
 spirit of inquiry on the part of the students, the Faculty began in 1918 to 
 require an annual thesis from every student. The thesis 
 must be prepared under the supervision of one of the The Annual 
 professors and must represent original research in Theses 
 one of the departments of the curriculum. A satis- 
 factory thesis in each of three departments is necessary tot graduation. 
 This requirement, together with the changed methods of teaching, has re- 
 sulted in much larger use of the valuable resources contained in the li- 
 braries. During the first half century in the life of the ‘Seminary the 
 Library was open two hours each week; today it is open every day and all 
 day. It is equipped with every convenience for study and research by day 
 and night. During the past six years Dr. Wentz has been librarian. 
 
 Another forward step was taken in 1921 when the annual Catalogue was 
 changed into a quarterly Bulletin. The Catalogue had become during re- 
 cent years ‘the Seminary’s chief medium of publicity 
 through the printed page. In the earlier life of the History of the 
 institution the columns of the religious press were a suff- Catalogue 
 cient medium. A Catalogue had been issued in 1827. 
 
 It consisted of four pages and bore the imprint of “The Press of the The- 
 ological Seminary, H. C. Neinstedt, Printer.” After that the Lutheran 
 Intelligencer and later the Lutheran Observer carried the announcements 
 and news of, the Seminary and the second issue of the Catalogue did not 
 appear until 1840. The chief motive in publishing this issue was to pre- 
 sent a list of the alumni so as to prevent false claims on the part of per- 
 
 ais 
 
HISTORY ORSGE Diy sSbURGRSEMINA I 
 
 sons applying to synods for ordination. After that the Catalogue appeared 
 at more frequent intervals: in 1851, 1860, 1867, 1872, 1876 and 1881. All 
 of these issues contained the constitution of the Seminary and a list of 
 former students. Beginning with 1886 the Catalogue was issued annually, 
 but the constitution and alumni list appeared only about every three years, 
 that is, in 1888, 1891, 1895, 1898, 1901, 1904, 1907, 1910, 1913, 1916 and 1921. 
 For some time many of the friends of the Seminary, 
 
 A Quarterly both Faculty and alumni, had felt that. the Seminary 
 Bulletin was not keeping so closely in touch with its large and 
 influential body of alumni as it might, and that conse- 
 
 quently it was failing both to render to its alumni such services as it could 
 and to receive from its alumni such help as they were capable of giving. 
 It was felt, therefore, that the requirements of adequate publicity de- 
 
 Githeran Chenlogical Seminary 
 Bulletin 
 
 Issued Quarterly. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 VO: Gettysburg, Pa., November, 1925. No. 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Published in Gettysburg, Pa., in the interests of the Lutheran 
 Theological Seminary, Gettysburg, Pa. Entered as second-class 
 matter May 16, 1921, at the postoffice at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 
 under the Act of Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special 
 rate of postage provided for in Sec. 1103, Act of Oct. 3, 1917, au- 
 thorized May 31, 1921. 
 
 
 
 manded something more than an annual catalogue. Conforming to the 
 practice of many other seminaries a quarterly Bulletim was established. The 
 first number appears in February of each year and consists of the regular 
 catalogue with detailed announcement of courses and other general an- 
 nouncements. The second number appears in May and is the Commence- 
 ment Number, with special announcements pertaining to that event. The 
 third number appears in August and reports matters of general interest 
 concerning student activities and special plans for the coming year. The 
 fourth number appears in November and records the main events in the 
 opening of the school year. These various numbers are replete with mat- 
 ters of interest to all the friends of the Seminary. The Bulletin is edited 
 by Dr. Alleman, the secretary of the Faculty. It is sent to all the alumni, 
 all the ministers in the synods supporting the Seminary, and to a large list 
 
 274 
 
BIG. BUSINESS AND:‘STEADY PROSPERITY 
 
 of interested laymen. It has served as an efficient medium of publicity, 
 keeping the Seminary in constant touch with its wide circle of friends, and 
 keeping its friends in touch with the progress and the needs of the Sem- 
 inary. 
 
 The average number of students in attendance during this last period 
 was somewhat lower than during the preceding period. The highest point 
 in the record of attendance for the century was reached 
 in 1894, when, as we have seen, there were seventy-four Student 
 undergraduate students enrolled: From that high point Attendance 
 the numbers declined with alarming steadiness. At 
 the opening of the period we are now reviewing, that is in 1896, there were 
 but sixty-two students. Ten years later the enrollment had reached the 
 low level of twenty-eight. This was less than the enrollment sixty years 
 earlier. All efforts to increase the attendance seemed unavailing. The 
 appeals of the professors and the Directors for more ministerial candidates 
 grew almost desperate. Efforts were made to analyze the trouble and 
 devise a remedy. In 1906, when the attendance at the Seminary was lower 
 than it had been for twenty-five years, the Directors adopted a long series 
 of resolutions on the subject. They requested the synods and conferences 
 of the Church to call the special attention of the people to the distressing 
 dearth of men for the ministry. They called on the pastors to present the 
 cause repeatedly from their pulpits and to make personal efforts to secure 
 recruits. They appealed to parents to consecrate the best of their sons to 
 the holy calling. They urged the presidents of colleges and the principals 
 of other schools to present the great need of the Church to the youth 
 under their care. They resolved to broadcast their appeal through the 
 Church papers. These heroic measures, together with other factors, brought 
 about a gradual increase. During the last twenty years, except for the 
 decrease during the World War, the average enrollment approaches the 
 half-hundred mark again. Even so, the attendance remains below that of 
 the preceding period and far below the present capacity of the institution. 
 The comparative dearth of students continues to be a crying need of the 
 Seminary. 
 
 This relatively low record in attendance is not hard to account for. It 
 is due largely to general conditions prevailing in the | 
 Church and in society at large. The lack of sufficient A General 
 ministerial candidates was not peculiar to the Gettys- Condition 
 burg Seminary or to the Lutheran Church, but was a 
 general complaint. All the Churches in America and all the Protestant 
 Churches of Europe faced the same grave situation. 
 
 It is a significant fact that the fluctuation in the enrollment of theological 
 students at Gettysburg Seminary throughout the century of its existence has 
 run quite parallel with the fluctuation in the older seminaries of other 
 denominations throughout Europe and America. The high water mark 
 
 275 
 
HISTORY OF *GELYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 in all of them was reached in 1894 or a year or two later. Then came 
 a period of steady decline in numbers until in all of them the low point in 
 the curve of attendance was reached in 1908 or 1909. The general decline 
 caused much alarm. Dr. John R. Mott wrote a volume 
 The Decline on the Decline of the Number of Candidates for the 
 General Ministry, setting forth more than a dozen reasons to ex- 
 plain the sad fact. In course of tire the reaction set in 
 and the upward movement in numbers proceeded with fair uniformity until 
 the World War. This parallel in the attehdance upon seminaries through- 
 out Europe and America clearly indicates that the causes of decrease and 
 increase must in each case be found in general conditions. 
 The general lack of men for the ministry must be traced in the last 
 analysis to the materialistic atmosphere that had come to prevail in western 
 civilization. It showed itself in the decline of religion 
 The General in the home, in the neglect of the humanities in the 
 Cause schools, and in the greater emphasis on the physical 
 sciences and the technical studies in the colleges and even 
 in the high schools. One result was that other professions made a stronger 
 appeal to the young man than the Gospel ministry.. Direct efforts to re- 
 cruit for the ministry may stimulate for the time the enrollment in the 
 theological seminaries, but the situation will never be permanently and satis- 
 factorily remedied until the spirit of the times has been more completely 
 redeemed from bondage to commerce and industry. 
 In addition to this general cause of the decline in attendance upon the- 
 ological seminaries, the Gettysburg Seminary faced a special condition. The 
 progress of the Lutheran Church in America and the 
 A Special multiplying of her institutions had long since brought it 
 Condition about that Gettysburg no. longer held solitary control of 
 the field of theological education. Other theological 
 schools, not a few, had sprung up in the Lutheran Church, and under the 
 impulse of the general spirit of enterprise and prosperity that pervaded the 
 Church in this period, these other seminaries had enlarged their capacities 
 and improved their facilities. They were now providing more adequately 
 for the training of the ministerial candidates from their respective synods. 
 The consequence was that the Gettysburg Seminary began to draw its 
 students from a more restricted territory than had formerly been the case. 
 These conditions revived the suggestion of consol- 
 Consolidation idating theological institutions. The decrease in the 
 Suggested number of theological students and the increase in the 
 number of Lutheran seminaries, together with the grow- 
 ing spirit of amity and unity in the Lutheran Church, and the wide-spread 
 demand for business economy, all combined to bring forward the idea of 
 merging the seminaries. The idea had often been expressed by friends of 
 the Seminary, and generally on the same grounds. 
 
 276 
 
BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 
 
 As early as 1844, when the Seminary was about to attain its maturity 
 
 and when there were only three other Lutheran seminaries in America, 
 the proposal was made that they all amalgamate. The 
 proposal came from a vigorous writer in the Lutheran An Old 
 Observer who signed himself “A Pastor.” The argument Proposal 
 was made on the basis of dollars-and-cents economy. 
 The amalgamation was to be “not at Lexington (South Carolina), for that is 
 too far South; not at Hartwick, for that is too far North; and not at 
 Columbus, for that is too far West. Gettysburg is central, and that is the 
 place.” After pointing out the superior facilities of the Seminary at Gettys- 
 burg the writer showed his zeal for amalgamation by exclaiming: “I should 
 be willing to die on the day it should be consummated !” 
 
 Again in 1852 the suggestion was made by Dr. Kurtz, the editor of the 
 Observer. Arguing at great length for the amalgamation of Gettysburg, 
 Hartwick and Lexington he said that in view of “our 
 greatly increased and cheapened locomotive facilities, The Proposal 
 there is unquestionably not the same need of three or Repeated 
 four schools in a given large district that there would 
 have been without railroads and steamboats.’ Amalgamation, he set forth, 
 would be “a great gain of strength and economy.” Yet that same editor a 
 few years later was the prime mover in founding one more seminary in the 
 same district. 
 
 During the next decade the new editor of the Observer called for the 
 union of Gettysburg, Hartwick and Selinsgrove as de- 
 manded by “solid reflection and a practical insight into The Same 
 Church wants.” But without avail. From less conspic- Suggestion 
 uous sources the same cry has arisen repeatedly from time 
 to time. The reasons are always the same, the lure of bigness and the 
 demands of administrative economy. 
 
 These general considerations, together with the special conditions pre- 
 vailing at Gettysburg after the opening years of the twentieth century, 
 brought it about that twice during the last quarter of a 
 
 k : Concerning 
 century suggestions were made to consolidate the Gettys- 
 : ; nieat Susquehanna 
 burg Seminary with other Lutheran seminaries. : } 
 University 
 
 The first originated in 1906 among the laymen of 
 the Alleghany Synod. In the interest of business economy it urged the 
 consolidation of the Theological Department of Susquehanna University 
 with the Gettysburg Seminary. The Gettysburg Directors appointed a com- 
 mittee to confer with a similar committee from the Susquehanna Directors. 
 But the Directors of Susquehanna University flatly refused to appoint 
 such a committee, on the ground that it would be “a physical and legal 
 impossibility to separate the Theological Department of Susquehanna Uni- 
 versity from the other departments of the institution.” The Gettysburg 
 Board then appointed a committee, with the president of the Seminary as 
 
 27h 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 chairman, to present the matter in person to the Directorate of Susque- 
 hanna University. But the work of this committee elicited the same re- 
 sponse, namely, that the legal difficulties in the way of consolidation are in- 
 surmountable. Thus ended the negotiations. 
 More recently an overture concerning consolidation 
 Concerning came from the Philadelphia Seminary at Mt. Airy. It 
 Mt. Airy was the outgrowth of the merging spirit that for more 
 than a decade had been producing consolidation and 
 larger units in almost every sphere of human interest, in business and in- 
 dustry, in politics and religion. Specifically it was the outgrowth of the 
 merger of Lutheran bodies in 1918 into the United Lutheran Church in 
 America. It was recognized, of course, that by the specific terms of its 
 constitution, the United Lutheran Church could have no authority over the- 
 ological seminaries since seminaries were declared to be the concern of the 
 district synods. But the cordial relations subsisting between the two insti- 
 tutions mentioned, and the easy logic of the merging era, seemed to many 
 to suggest that on their own initiative these two and perhaps others might 
 consolidate. The Faculty of the Gettysburg Seminary had met with the 
 Faculty of the Mt. Airy Seminary at Harrisburg on June 24, 1919, in a 
 “fraternal conference on subjects of common interest.” The conference 
 had been a most happy one. The subjects discussed had been chiefly those 
 pertaining to uniform theological standards and curricula. The personal 
 relationships between the members of the two Faculties were most cordial, 
 and future conferences were in prospect. The overture concerning consol- 
 idation came from the Directors of.the Mt. Airy institution in 1922 and 
 proposed that the Gettysburg Directors appoint a committee to meet a sim- 
 ilar committee from Mt. Airy to discuss the entire situation with reference 
 to theological seminaries in the United Lutheran Church. This request the 
 Gettysburg Board refused to grant, stating that “the present relations are 
 entirely satisfactory to us” and that “any agitation at this time would be 
 prejudicial to the best interests of all concerned.” With this all negotia- 
 tions ceased, and the Seminary at Gettysburg approaches its centennial 
 celebration with the prospect of many more years of service as a separate 
 institution of the Church. 
 The teaching of the Seminary during this period has 
 General Synod been in accord with the position of the General Synod 
 Controversies and the United Lutheran Church. The earlier part of 
 the period was a time of controversy in the General 
 Synod, and these controversies were reflected in the attitude of the pro- 
 fessors in the Seminary. Dr. Wolf longed for Lutheran unity and main- 
 tained fellowship with some of the men of the General Council. Belonging 
 to the party known as the conservative wing in the General Synod, he was 
 disposed to emphasize the common heritage of Lutherans rather than the 
 points of division among Lutheran bodies. His colleagues did not agree 
 
 278 
 
BIG BUSINESS AND STEADY PROSPERITY 
 
 with him in this. Dr. Valentine and especially Dr. Richard stoutly resisted 
 the tendency within the General Synod that made for Lutheran unity. Dr. 
 Wolf was the only member of the Gettysburg Faculty to participate in 
 the First General Conference of Lutherans held in Philadelphia during the 
 closing days of December, 1898. At that Conference he read an essay on 
 “Our Common Historical Heritage.” 
 
 The spirit of this paper was so concessive to Lutherans outside the Gen- 
 eral Synod that Dr. Richard in a number of published articles accused Dr. 
 Wolf of conspiring with other “new men of the General 
 Synod” to build a bridge over which the General Synod On Lutheran 
 might -be led into the General Council. This he Unity 
 declared would be suicidal to the Gettysburg Sem- 
 inary because if there were no theological difference between the two bodies 
 there would be no ground for the two Seminaries. The discussion between 
 the two colleagues extended over many pages of the Observer. 
 
 Another of the current controversies that found an echo within the Fac- 
 ulty at Gettysburg was the one concerning the faith and salvation of in- 
 fants, which arose over the General Synod’s formula for 
 infant baptism. Dr. Wolf sponsored the effort to have On Infant 
 the questions addressed directly to the infant and in sev- Faith 
 eral publications he advocated the idea of infant faith. 
 
 Dr. Valentine used the pages of the Lutheran Observer and the Lutheran 
 Quarterly to argue against these proposals, and they were not adopted by 
 the General Synod. 
 
 The protracted and heated discussion over the Common Service also 
 
 was heard on the Seminary campus. It was Dr. Richard who made the 
 charge that the General Synod’s Committee on Common 
 Service had made unwarranted changes in the approved On the Com- 
 text of the service, and that, too, by way of conces- mon Service 
 sion to the General Council’s liturgical use. Dr. 
 Wolf was a member of the Committee and favored the entire Common 
 Service as finally published by the Joint Committee. This difference of 
 opinion was reflected also among the students. Early in 1889, before Dr. 
 Richard had joined the Faculty, the students were advised by the Faculty 
 “to purchase copies of the small edition of the Common Service with 
 selected hymns attached.” Then came the controversy in the Church and 
 the division of sentiment at Gettysburg. When the students in 1894 peti- 
 tioned the Faculty for permission to use selected portions of the Matin Ser- 
 vice occasionally at their morning worship, the Faculty, in spite of Dr. 
 Wolf’s protest, declined to grant the petition on the ground that it would 
 embarrass the Seminary in its appeal for funds. 
 
 The agitation continued and the matter was carried to a higher court. 
 In 1897 the Board of Directors received a formal petition signed by twenty- 
 four students asking that they be permitted to use the “Early Service 
 
 279 
 
HISTORY: OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 or Matins” in their morning worship at the option of the leader. At the 
 same time a counter-petition, signed by seventeen students, asked that the 
 former petition be not granted. A committee of the 
 The. Liturgical Directors was appointed to confer with the Faculty on 
 Question | the matter. The next year the Directors asked that 
 because of the limitation of time at morning prayers 
 the old method of worship be retained for the present, but that in order 
 that the students might have opportunity to acquaint themselves with both 
 the Washington and the Common Service the members of the Faculty 
 should use them alternately at the Sunday morning conferences. It was 
 specifically stated that this action was “purely recommendatory and in no 
 sense mandatory,” but this recommendation of the Directors determined 
 the liturgical practice of the Seminary for nearly twenty years or until the 
 appearance of the Common Service Book and Hymnal. 
 As the personnel of the Faculty gradually changed, 
 Peace on as the fires of controversy in the General Synod burned 
 U. L. C. Basis out, and as the lines of development in Lutheran Church 
 history led towards the formation of a United Lutheran 
 Church in America, the peace of the Church settled down upon the Sem- 
 inary, its students and its Faculty. Several of its professors, particularly 
 Dr. Singmaster and Dr. Clutz, were most prominent among those who de- 
 vised the Common Service Book and Hymnal, the Constitution of the United 
 Lutheran Church, and the other ways and means for consummating the 
 merger of the three general bodies of Lutherans of Muhlenberg descent. 
 And now in the proposed revision of the constitution of the Seminary that 
 instrument is made to express what has long been a fact: the teaching of 
 the Seminary “shall be in harmony with the Doctrinal Basis of the United 
 Lutheran Church in America.” From this proposal there will be no dissent. 
 One hundred years ago, September 5, 1826, when Dr. S. S. Schmucker was 
 inaugurated as professor in the Seminary, he closed his inaugural address by 
 expressing a hope and uttering a prayer. That hope and that prayer we re- 
 produce here that»the reader may judge whether they have been realized: 
 “Here we hope to see instructed perhaps a Paul and 
 A Hope Barnabas to publish to the heathen the unsearchable 
 Expressed riches of Christ, and many a James and Cephas and 
 ‘John, to feed the flocks at home; men who carry their 
 zeal for the cause of the Redeemer to the highest and holiest ardour of de- 
 votion, who regard no service too difficult, no obstacles insuperable, no 
 sacrifice too great; men who yield to the world her riches, her pleasures, 
 her applause, and take a higher aim; who-seek for riches—but such whose 
 tenure is not endangered by- moth or rust, or thieves; who seek for pleas- 
 ures—but such as flow from the throne of the Lamb; and who feel an 
 ambition too—but for the glory of doing good, for a crown in heaven, for 
 the everlasting favour of the everlasting God. 
 “To God, therefore, and to the guidance of His gracious Spirit, be 
 
 280 
 
BIG BUSINESS AND) STEADY PROSPERITY 
 
 our infant school of the prophets ever dedicated! Together with its di- 
 rectors, its teachers and its pupils; that it may prove a lasting blessing to 
 the Church, and that thousands hereafter may rise up and call its founder 
 and benefactors blessed!” 
 Whether the Seminary has accomplished the high purpose to which it 
 was thus dedicated at its inception may best be judged by 
 a perusal of the ALUMNr REcorpD embodied in this volume. A Hope 
 As this book goes to press extensive preparations are Realized 
 being made for a worthy celebration of the hundredth an- 
 niversary. The Executive Committee of the Directors and the members of the 
 Faculty constitute the committee to lay plans and make arrangements. The 
 celebration is to consist of three main features, a volume 
 of history, a jubilee fund, and anniversary exercises. The The Centennial 
 volume of History is here placed before the reader. Pro- Celebration 
 jected by the Faculty and sponsored by the Board of Di- 
 rectors it is expected to come from the press several months before the actual 
 centennial date, so that it may constitute an integral part of the celebration. 
 The jubilee fund, it is hoped, will reach at least $200,000. This amount 
 is greatly needed in order to endow the new Department of Religious Edu- 
 cation, to increase the endowment of existing professorships so as to pay 
 living salaries, to establish at least one fellowship to provide for post- 
 graduate study, to secure annual lectures from distinguished specialists, 
 and to build a sixth professor’s house. Much of the centennial fund has 
 been underwritten by some of the synods represented in the Board of 
 Directors. The West Pennsylvania and East Pennsylvania Synods pro- 
 pose to raise $50,000 each. The Alleghany Synod has set itself a goal of 
 $25,000. The Maryland Synod hopes to make up the small balance of its 
 fund of $50,000. It is expected, therefore, that a large proportion of the 
 total sum will be in hand by the first of September. A special number of 
 the Semimary Bulletin has been issued to stimulate the raising of the fund. 
 The anniversary exercises will take place, according to present plans, dur- 
 ing the third week of September. There will be three days of celebration with 
 addresses by men nationally prominent in Church and State (see page 300). 
 
 
 
Cigk saan DGB 
 ASTERISKS yAND OBELISKS 
 
 If the plan of this book had included footnotes, many interesting but 
 isolated events, many extraordinary occurrences, many illuminating side- 
 lights might have been introduced to enliven the reading. Then, too, com- 
 plete bibliographical and other source references could have been included. 
 These, however, were not regarded as essential to the main record, and had 
 to be omitted. Only a few of these incidentals are gathered here in dis- 
 connected paragraphs, together with lists of regular annual lectures and 
 alumni speakers. 
 
 When the Seminary was projected and appeals were made for funds 
 and books, there was much uncertainty in the minds of some people whether 
 the project would ever actually be realized. A mute witness to this uncer- 
 tainty is found in a handsome copy of the Hallesche Nachrichten in the 
 Seminary Library that bears on its title-page this legend: “Presented to 
 the German Lutheran Theological Seminary of Pennsylvania,—on Condi- 
 tion—that if that Institution shall not come to Maturity—or cease alto- 
 gether, this Volume to be returned to the Donor—Jacob Schmidt. Phila- 
 delphia, April 4th, 1826.” 
 
 As Dr. Hazelius was about to leave Gettysburg in 1833 for the South, 
 the students raised funds for the painting of his portrait. He went to 
 Baltimore to sit for the artist. The sittings greatly wearied him and it 
 was difficult for him to keep awake. Dr. Morris accompanied him to the 
 artist, and he wrote concerning the incident: “After half an hour’s con- 
 stant sitting the old gentleman would nod. I would rouse him by some 
 piquant story or interesting question in Church history. Occasionally I 
 would get up some difficulty in Hebrew grammar or exegesis which would 
 rouse him for a moment, but he would soon collapse. Then I would eulogize 
 some man whom I knew he did not like, or pretend to be a Democrat. And 
 when all else failed, I brought up the Manicheans. But, before the hour 
 was out, he was asleep again. A man asleep is not the man to be painted, 
 and we would adjourn for the day, with leave to sit again.’ The picture 
 was finished and hangs today in the Seminary social room. Concerning it 
 Dr. Morris says: “It is a very imperfect counterfeit of the noble original. 
 The best likeness of him is that in mezzotint by Sartain [from which the 
 cut in this volume is made]. But that represents him without spectacles. 
 When a man wears spectacles all his life and is never seen without them, 
 they are a part of his likeness and no true artist will leave them off.” 
 
 282 
 
ASTERISKS AND OBELISKS 
 
 In the fall of 1846 the Seminary was nearly bereft of its head Profes- 
 sor. Dr. Schmucker was returning from his trip to Europe. He sailed 
 on the Great Western from Liverpool, September 12. On the 19th a ter- 
 rific storm arose at sea. The storm raged for thirty-six hours and de- 
 veloped into a veritable tornado. The huge ship was powerless against the 
 elements. She was greatly damaged and for hours in succession the pas- 
 sengers felt certain that they would never survive the terrible fury of the 
 storm. When at last the wind and waves subsided and the vessel was able 
 slowly to proceed towards her destination, Dr. Schmucker united with sev- 
 eral other clergymen on board in conducting services of thanksgiving to 
 God for their wonderful delivery from the angry sea, and they started 
 the “Great Western Fund” for the support of the widows and children of 
 those who perish at sea. 
 
 A great multitude of witnesses testify to the efforts that were made, 
 particularly in Dr. Schmucker’s time, to cultivate the spiritual life of the 
 students and to produce pious and godly ministers. We quote only three of 
 these witnesses. A friend of the Seminary, writing for the Lutheran In- 
 tellugencer, while the Seminary was still in its early infancy, says: “It is 
 due to the Professor to state that, though intensely engaged to instruct the 
 students in the various branches of science, all his energies are brought 
 into requisition to promote among them godliness and holiness; and thus 
 far Jehovah has granted his blessing in a high degree.” In the first report 
 which the Directors of the Seminary submitted to the General Synod it is 
 stated that they “have the most satisfactory evidence that ardent piety and 
 enlightened zeal for the Redeemer’s Kingdom are habitually and success- 
 fully inculcated.” Similar sentiments occur in almost every report to the 
 General Synod. A writer in the Evangelical Magazine of 1828 says: “The 
 students exert a moral influence in that neighborhood such as was never 
 felt before. Whilst preparing for the ministry they feel that all their 
 powers should be directed to the promotion of righteousness around them; 
 and accordingly they are actively engaged in conducting prayer-meetings 
 and using all other means to build up the Church of God. With a zeal 
 and promptitude that reflects much credit upon them, they co-operated with 
 the Pennsylvania Bible Society in its laudable enterprise of supplying every 
 destitute family of the State with a copy of the Sacred Scriptures. They 
 abandoned their studies for a week and during that time they supplied all 
 Adams County, with the exception of one or two townships.” 
 
 When the theological seminary of the Joint Synod was opened at 
 Canton, Ohio, in 1830, it received the felicitations of the Seminary at 
 Gettysburg. The next year the Gettysburg Directors sent fifty volumes 
 of duplicates from their library for the library of the newer ‘institution 
 “as a testimonial of our friendly feelings towards that institution.” To this 
 
 283 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 donation Dr. Hazelius added twenty volumes from his own library. Ohio 
 replied in terms of profound gratitude “to our brethren in the East for 
 their unsolicited kindness and such irrefragible proofs of their sincere in- 
 terest in the establishment of a Seminary in the West.’ But in the course 
 of the years, as the constituency of the Joint Synod changed, these very 
 cordial relationships were modified somewhat. The Gettysburg Seminary 
 did not cultivate the German language intensively enough to suit the men 
 of Ohio. For example, Pastor Schweizerbarth of Zelienople, though some- 
 what eccentric, reflects an attitude towards Gettysburg that was becoming 
 quite wide-spread in the Joint Synod. In the minutes of the Eastern Dis- 
 trict of 1838 we read: “Bishop Schweizerbarth informed Synod that he had 
 not delivered the sum of $50.00 which according to the 22nd resolution of 
 
 
 
 A STUDENT Room. 
 
 the New Lisbon Synod (1835) had been appropriated to assist the students 
 Gottlieb Bassler and Conrad Shutt.” The reason given by the self-styled 
 bishop for withholding the donation from Bassler was that “he would rather 
 go to the Irish Seminary at Gettysburg than to the German Hoch Schule 
 at Columbus.” And the Synod approved the withholding of the money. 
 
 In 1845 the Methodist Protestants made overtures to the authorities at 
 Gettysburg with reference to the establishment of a professorship at the 
 Seminary. The Maryland Conference of their Church appointed a com- 
 mittee to communicate with the Gettysburg Directors and to inquire what 
 privileges the students of their Church might receive at Gettysburg. The 
 communication was politely received, and it was resolved: “That we heart- 
 ily reciprocate the kind feelings of our brethren of he Protestant Meth- 
 odist Church, and that the Faculty of the Seminary be a committee to at: 
 
 284 
 
ASTERISKS AND OBELISKS 
 
 tend to any communication which may yet be received from them.” The 
 matter was agitated by some of the Methodist Protestants in the public 
 prints, and glowing accounts were given concerning the Seminary at 
 Gettysburg. But Dr. Schmucker pointed out that “the constitution of the 
 Seminary confers no power to form a coalition with any other sect on the 
 Board, or any other officers, but on the contrary contains requisitions which 
 absolutely render it impracticable.” No further communications were re- 
 ceived by the Directors. 
 
 Pastor John N. Hoffman, of Reading, who attacked Dr. Schmucker 
 in 1856 with his crude booklet entitled “The Broken Platform,” had been 
 
 
 
 THE CHAPEL IN 1890. 
 
 one of the Seminary Directors for several years in the early forties. But 
 he made a loan of several hundred dollars from the Seminary Treasury 
 and the Seminary had great difficulty in securing the return of even the 
 principal of the loan. Three times the Directors threatened to bring suit 
 against Pastor Hoffman. Shortly after that he left the bounds of the 
 Seminary constituency. His subsequent vigor in attacking the head of the 
 Gettysburg Seminary during the controversy over the Definite Platform 
 may perhaps be accounted for, in part at least, by his former relations 
 with the institution. 
 
 Among the many treasures in the library of the Lutheran Historical 
 Society is a copy of the translation that Campanius made of Luther’s 
 
 285 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Catechism from Swedish into the language of the Indians (see page 15). 
 This translation was made before 1648 and before John Eliot, “the Apostle 
 of the Indians,’ began his labors in New England. It was not published, 
 however, until 1696, when five hundred copies were printed in Sweden by 
 order of the King. Only a very few of these books are in existence. 
 The one in the possession of the Seminary is a duodecimo volume of 174 
 pages bound in. stout calfskin and bearing the royal arms of Sweden on 
 the title page and on the covers. In the Swedish preface of sixteen pages 
 is set forth among other things the proof that America was discovered by 
 Scandinavians in the tenth century. In the Catechism proper each question 
 is first given in the language of the Delaware Indians and then in Swedish. 
 The printing is very handsome for that day. 
 
 On the suggestion of Mr. Lewis L. Houpt of Philadelphia, the Direc- 
 tors resolved in 1861: “That the benches in the Missionary Chapel be so 
 altered as to make them decently comfortable for occupation.” The Board 
 further indicated its fastidious tastes and sense of dignity by requesting the 
 chairman of the Faculty to “see to it that the students present themselves 
 hereafter in proper attire at public examinations.” 
 
 When the Seminary was approaching its semi-centennial there was 
 some uncertainty as to the exact year that ought to be taken for the cele- 
 bration. The Alumni Association had planned its part in the exercises for 
 the year 1875. The Directors had their doubts. They appointed a com- 
 mittee to “inquire of Dr. S. S. Schmucker what year he considers the date 
 of the opening of the Seminary.” When this committee reported it was 
 agreed that the year 1876 should be regarded as the fiftieth anniversary 
 of the opening of the institution. 
 
 In the early years of the Seminary’s history the institution was ex- 
 pected to exercise parental control and responsibility with reference to its 
 students. The school was im loco parentis. Many of the rules devised by 
 the Faculty and the Directors to regulate the lives of the men under their 
 care proved very irksome to the students. Repeatedly they voiced their 
 protests. There was, for example, the rule concerning their being in their 
 rooms in the evening. At first 7:30 P. M. was the hour after which all 
 students were required to be in their rooms and ready for faculty inspec- 
 tion. In 1834 the rule was relaxed somewhat and the hour was set at 
 8:00 P. M. for the winter and 9:00 P. M. for the summer. But this did 
 not long satisfy all the students and in 1840 they submitted to the Directors 
 a vigorous petition on the subject. The very vigor of the petition defeated 
 its purpose and the Directors merely recorded their “regret at the indis- 
 creet language in the matter of the students’ petition f the Board.” How- 
 
 286 
 
ASTERISKS AND? OBELISKS 
 
 ever, it) course of the years, as educational ideals and methods changed, 
 the rule was abandoned entirely. 
 
 The time for beginning the day’s work was also carefully regulated in 
 the earlier periods. At first the students were required to attend Chapel 
 services at 5:00 A. M., but concession on this matter was made already in 
 1834 when the hour for morning Chapel was set at 6:00 A. M. in the sum- 
 mer and 6:30 A. M. in the winter. Thereafter the hour for morning devo- 
 tions was advanced every few decades until in 1918 it reached the meridian. 
 
 The authorities of the Seminary in its youth also exercised particular 
 care for the cleanliness of its students, and it was frequently the subject of 
 legislation on the part of Faculty and Directors. Thus in 1834 it is re- 
 
 
 
 THE CHAPEL IN 1895. 
 
 quired by the Faculty that the sheets and pillow cases of every bed in the 
 Seminary shall be washed “every fortnight.” In 1842 the Directors them- 
 selves set up the very same regulation and in addition decreed that the 
 students must clean their stove-pipes on the last Saturday of each month 
 and that the steward must white-wash every room twice a year. Six years 
 later the rule as to bed-clothes was “repealed with the understanding that 
 the sheets and pillow cases be washed once a week.” In this strain the 
 regulations appeared and disappeared from time to time. After the epi- 
 demic among the students in 1846-1847 very detailed and explicit rules of 
 personal hygiene were drawn up by Dr. David Gilbert of Gettysburg, and 
 prescribed for the students by the Directors. Even as late as 1896 a 
 polite suggestion was made by the Faculty when it decided that the bath 
 room should be opened twice a week, on Tuesday evenings and Friday 
 evenings. 
 
 287 
 
HISTORY OFSGERTYSBURG; SEMINARS 
 
 The physical well-being of the students was often an object of concern 
 to the Seminary authorities. Even apart from the epidemic of 1846-1847 
 there were many periods when the general health of the students was not 
 good. Repeatedly the students were urged by the Faculty or Directors to 
 take proper exercise. As early as 1829 “The Mechanical Society” was 
 organized. It was patterned after similar societies in other theological 
 seminaries. The avowed purpose of the organization was “to spend two 
 or three hours of every day in mechanical labour, which, while it will in- 
 vigorate the body by healthful exercise, will also contribute materially to 
 the support of such who are now dependent on the Christian liberality of 
 others.” This worthy organization, however, soon began to languish because 
 of a lack of funds to purchase the necessary apparatus and tools. The 
 students were obliged to find other means of physical exercise. The 
 method approved by Dr. Schmucker as comporting best with the dignity of 
 Seminary students was walking. 
 
 The playing of noisy games was long disapproved. As late as 1862 
 Dr. Schmucker reported that “the class which last entered have shown 
 more disposition to take their daily exercise in playing ball than their 
 predecessors. To this no strong objection could be made if it had not been 
 connected with an unnecessary and unusual amount of noise, which has in 
 some degree changed the usual quietness and solemnity within and around 
 the Seminary itself. The subscriber requests the opinion of the Board, as 
 to whether playing ball, or similar games, should be allowed at the Sem- 
 inary, or whether it is not more becoming the gravity and decorum of 
 theological students to take their daily exercise in walks, as is generally 
 done in other theological seminaries.”’ The Directors contented themselves 
 with a resolution that “this Board encourage the students of the Seminary 
 in such athletic exercises as will be beneficial to health, but that they be 
 conducted decently and in order.” This action did not permanently settle 
 the matter and repeatedly the Faculty was obliged to enact legislation to 
 curb noisy forms of recreation, particularly during study hours. When 
 inter-collegiate athletic contests were introduced at the College, Seminary 
 students occasionally participated in them until by Faculty action the 
 practice was stopped. On one occasion the president of the College appeared 
 before the Faculty and secured permission for three Seminary students to 
 participate in an important football game in which the College was a 
 contestant. 
 
 Many times in the history of the Seminary the students helped to in- 
 crease the funds and improve the property. Repeatedly they accepted 
 agencies and canvassed rural districts on behalf of the institution. Over 
 and over again they were tendered the thanks of the Faculty and the Direc- 
 tors for their work in securing funds, planting trees, making walks, clos- 
 ing stair-cases, securing a stove for Missionary Hall, and making other 
 
 288 
 
ASTERISKS AND OBELISKS 
 
 improvements. In 1847 they were granted five dollars from the Seminary 
 treasury for the purchase of tools to be used in making improvements on 
 the premises. 
 
 One of the saddest events in the history of the Seminary took place 
 on Wednesday, May 8, 1878, when William C. Koller and Alter Y. Shindel, 
 members of the junior class, were drowned. The tragedy took place at 
 a dam on Willoughby’s Run known as Springs Park Lake. The Lake was 
 furnished with several rowboats which the College and Seminary students 
 frequently used for recreation. On the fatal evening four Seminary stu- 
 dents and two from the College were having a pleasant time playing with 
 one another in the boats. Several times the boats were overturned in shal- 
 low water. Finally they were overturned in water too deep for wading, 
 and in Mr. Shindel’s effort to rescue Mr. Koller, both were drowned. The 
 victims of the tragedy were povcular students and gave promise of great 
 usefulness in the ministry, and their death threw a deep gloom over Fac- 
 ulty and student body and the entire community. Mr. Shindel was twenty 
 years of age and the only son of Rev. M. L. Shindel, of Danville, Penn- 
 sylvania. Mr. Koller was twenty-five years old and the younger brother 
 of Rev. J. C. Koller, D.D., of Hanover, Pennsylvania. Students escorted 
 the bodies to their burial places in their respective homes, and Dr. Brown 
 conducted funeral services in the College church the following Sunday 
 morning. 
 
 Temperance was a frequent subject of discussion among the Seminary 
 students. As to legislative prohibition there have always been two points 
 of view. From the very beginning there has been a strong anti-alcohol 
 sentiment about the institution. The Seminary annals do not record any 
 prohibitory enactments by the authorities to govern the tastes of the 
 students, but they do record an occasional case of discipline along this line. 
 
 On the other hand, with reference to the use of tobacco there have 
 been prohibitory enactments, but no cases of discipline. In 1868 the 
 Faculty made strong representations to the Directors about this “inex- 
 cusable evil among theological students, the use of tobacco, soiling the floors 
 and rooms, as well as injuring the health and wasting the funds of the 
 students,” and suggesting that “some action be taken to discountenance and 
 forbid the use within the building. However some may regard it, we can- 
 not but view it as a serious reproach to candidates for the ministry and 
 worthy of serious attention.” But the Directors were not to be stampeded 
 on that matter. They merely set forth that “the use of tobacco in the 
 Seminary building meets with the decided disapprobation of the Board.” 
 Two years later the Faculty returned to the task. They announced to the 
 Directors that they “regret to report the disregard of the students to the 
 action of the Board touching the use of tobacco in the building, and re- 
 
 289 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 spectfully suggest more decisive measures to abate such a nuisance among 
 those preparing for the holy ministry. The evil is one for which no apology 
 can be offered.” The Directors complied in part and instructed the Fac- 
 ulty to “inform the students at the beginning of the next session that there- 
 after no smoking will be allowed within the walls of the Seminary.” This 
 is the decree that stands on the books to this day. 
 
 In 1879 when certain parties in Gettysburg organized an association 
 for charades, dances, and theatrical performances, with the special pur- 
 pose of appealing to students, the Seminary at once cautioned its students 
 that if they accepted the invitations to join this association they would 
 render themselves liable to expulsion from the Seminary. 
 
 For a long time there was considerable antipathy among the Seminary 
 authorities to secret societies of all sorts. After the Greek-letter fra- 
 ternities had begun to flourish at the College and some of their members 
 had come to the Seminary, the actions of the Faculty clearly showed their 
 antipathy. Thus in 1885, when one of the students asked for permission 
 to make a trip to Boston, his petition was granted, but only on the express 
 condition that he sign a paper stating that he was not going on fraternity 
 business. The next year, when a student asked for leave of absence at a 
 time coinciding with a secret-society convention, he was informed that ‘‘the 
 Faculty never gives leave of absence to any one to attend a fraternity 
 convention.” This attitude, however, was afterwards abandoned, and today 
 a majority of the students and teachers at the Seminary are alumni mem- 
 bers of College fraternities. 
 
 The subject of matrimony was often a matter of legislation by the 
 Seminary authorities, both the Faculty and the Directors. Synods, too, 
 have sought to discourage Seminary students from marrying before they 
 have completed their theological courses. Nevertheless, there probably 
 has never been a single year that the Seminary did not have a married man 
 on its roll. There have seldom been long intervals without marriages among 
 students in course, and at times the propensity to marry before graduation 
 has amounted almost to an epidemic. 
 
 Long before the loud speaker of the radio had made its appearance in 
 the Seminary buildings, long before the victrola had been invented to com- 
 fort the lonely student in his room, long before a pipe organ had been 
 installed in the Chapel or a piano in the social room, before even the Sem- 
 inary had come into the possession of a reed organ, the music problem was 
 a source of disturbance among the various elements in the Seminary circle. 
 At one time it was the subject of repeated protests on the part of some of 
 the students against others of their number who were distracting the minds 
 
 290 
 
ASTERISKS: AND OBELISKS 
 
 of the studious by their harmonious or inharmonious efforts on stringed 
 instruments. Again it is the subject of admonitions from the head profes- 
 sor to the student body. And finally it becomes the subject of legislation 
 on the part of the Directors themselves and it is decreed that musical 
 efforts are not in themselves absolutely wrong, but that they must be 
 limited to certain hours when the majority of the students are not busy 
 at their books. 
 
 On at least one occasion it was made the subject of a communication 
 from Dr. Schmucker to the Directors. It was in 1861. Dr. Schmucker 
 was still deeply concerned for the spiritual welfare of those attending the 
 institution and always ready to recommend “such habits of personal de- 
 portment as become the dignity of the ministerial students.” “Sometimes,” 
 he wrote, “I have thought the solemnity of the house and the devotional 
 frame of the students were not benefited by too much instrumental music, 
 especially such as is not sacred music, such as is not performed in connex- 
 ion with religious words. I submit to the Board the question whether they 
 ought not to recommend to the students the playing of such tunes only as 
 are usually connected with religious words, usually termed sacred music.” 
 But the Directors did not act on the Professor’s suggestion. 
 
 In 1849 the Directors decreed “that hereafter no other than sacred 
 music be used at the public exercises of the Seminary and the professor be 
 requested to make the necessary arraingements.” 
 
 The Seminary has never been afflicted with any established prizes 
 for which the students might contend. In 1876 Dr. F. W. Conrad offered 
 to contribute five hundred dollars to “found a prize of thirty dollars a 
 year, to ke paid annually in books to such graduating student as shall be 
 adjudged by the Faculty to have attained the highest proficiency in homi- 
 letics and elocution.” The students, however, refused to contend for the 
 prize and even petitioned the Faculty to secure the withdrawal of the 
 offer, “with a view of preserving good Christian feeling among ourselves.” 
 The request was granted and the prize was never established. 
 
 The Funk & Wagnalls Company of New York in 1909 presented Henry 
 W. Snyder with a set of their new Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Re- 
 ligious Knowledge for the best thesis written by a senior of that year. 
 
 Again, in 1917, when the New York and New England Synod offered 
 a prize of twenty-five dollars for the best essay submitted by any Lutheran 
 seminarian.in America on the subject, “What Shall Be the Distinctive Con- 
 tribution of the Religious Life of America?” the award was received by 
 Mr. W. R. Hashinger of the Middle Class. 
 
 There never was a time when the students were entirely satisfied with 
 the length of vacations. The records abound in petitions for shortening 
 
 291 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 the sessions or lengthening the intervals between them. The arguments 
 were various and often specious. The petitions rarely availed. 
 
 Beginning in 1860 the seniors were required to prepare special theses 
 for graduation. For this purpose they were allowed a five weeks’ vaca- 
 tion before the close of the session. The special vacation was abandoned 
 in 1874, but the graduation theses continued until 1917. When the degree 
 of B. D. was offered in course in 1894, all candidates for the degree were 
 required to present a thesis each year on some approved subject. Since 
 1917 an annual thesis is required of every student, whether candidate for 
 the degree or not. 
 
 Public graduation exercises date from 1872. At first they consisted of 
 the presentation of diplomas and an infozmal address in connection with 
 the alumni address. Then a separate evening’ was set aside for graduation, 
 and the members of the Senior Class, or several of them chosen by the 
 Faculty, delivered addresses. Since 1912 the Baccalaureate Sermon has 
 taken the place of the addresses by the students. From 1891 to 1911 the 
 Baccalaureate Sermon was always preached by the head of the Seminary 
 and on the Sunday preceding Commencement Day. Since that date the 
 
 Sermon has been preached by the professors in rotation or by substitutes 
 from outside the Seminary. 
 
 The public oral examination of the graduating class in the presence of 
 a committee of the Board of Directors began with the very inception of the 
 Seminary and continued until 1897. Thereafter until 1906 the Directors 
 contented themselves with a perusal of the examination papers of the class. 
 Since 1906 the Board has not appointed an Examining Committee, but it is 
 specifically stated that “the right of examining these papers is extended to 
 every member of the Board, lay or clerical, such papers being in readiness 
 for the purposes several days before the regular annual meeting.” In this 
 way any synod represented on the Board of Directors may satisfy itself 
 
 as to the kind of work that is being done in the class-rooms of the 
 institution. 
 
 The Seminary has twice enrolled women among its students, both 
 times within very recent years. In September, 1921, Miss Stella B. Shu- 
 maker, of Gettysburg, a graduate of Gettysburg College in 1921, matric- 
 ulated and started to pursue the regular course, but at the end of her junior 
 year she withdrew and became the wife of Rev. Ralph L. Wagner, a 
 graduate of 1922. Again in September, 1925, Mrs. Harry Heilman of 
 
 Lebanon, Pennsylvania, matriculated with her husband and began a special 
 course of theological study. 
 
 292 
 
ASTERISKS AND *Q@BETLISKS 
 
 The Seminary has had only one colored student. This was Daniel A. 
 Payne, who came from Charleston, South Carolina, and entered the Sem- 
 inary in 1835. After spending two years at Gettysburg he was licensed 
 and ordained by the Franckean Synod. Fourteen years he spent in Luth- 
 eran pastorates. Then he was made a bishop of the African Methodist 
 Episcopal Church. He became a distinguished man, an author, editor and 
 educator, a doctor of divinity and a doctor of laws, and lived until 1893. 
 Of his record the Seminary may well be proud. 
 
 During the summer of 1915 the Board of Foreign Missions used the 
 Seminary buildings to conduct a school in Telegu. The school began on 
 May 24 and continued for three months. A native Hindu, Mr. Bushong, 
 was in charge and nine prospective missionaries to India were in attendance. 
 
 The Seminary has never had an official theological journal. 
 
 In 1829 Dr. J. G. Schmucker, president of the Seminary Board, was 
 chairman of the committee of the West Pennsylvania Synod under whose 
 auspices Das Evangelische Magazin began to be published. This paper, 
 which was a monthly, was published at Gettysburg, and Rev. John Herbst 
 of that place, who was also secretary of the Seminary Board, was for one 
 year the editor of the magazine. The next three years the paper an- 
 nounced as its editors “The Professors of the Theological Seminary at 
 Gettysburg,” but the Seminary itself had no official relation to the magazine, 
 and in 1833, when Dr. Hazelius left Gettysburg, it was discontinued. 
 
 Dr. Schmucker was closely identified with the founding of the Luth- 
 eran Observer. Some of the proceeds of this paper, as we have seen, 
 were used to help the Seminary in its early history. The editors of the 
 Observer throughout its long history always advocated the cause of the 
 Seminary, but the Seminary was never officially connected with this paper 
 or any other. 
 
 As early as 1844 the Alumni Association considered the question of 
 establishing a theological quarterly under its official auspices. But five 
 years later, when the Evangelical Review came into being, it was a private 
 enterprise of individual alumni and not the official project of the Associa- 
 tion. The professors as individuals have always been prominently identi- 
 fied with the Review and its successor, the Lutheran Quarterly. From the 
 personal record of the members of the Seminary teaching staff, as given 
 in Chapter XV, it is abundantly evident that the Seminary has made the 
 primary contribution to its editorial staff and its list of writers. It. has 
 been the repository of the Holman Lecture and other official lectures and 
 addresses of the Seminary, but it has always been privately owned and has 
 never been the official theological journal of the Seminary. 
 
 293 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 The Seminary is officially connected with Christ Lutheran Church, 
 better known as “the College Church.” When the institution began its 
 existence in the Academy building on High Street at the corner of Wash- 
 ington all the Lutherans of Gettysburg and vicinity were worshiping in 
 the Union (Lutheran and Reformed) Church two squares farther east, at 
 the corner of High and Stratton Streets. This building had been erected 
 in 1812 and was used on alternate Sundays by the two denominations. The 
 services also alternated between English and German language. Accord- 
 ingly there was only one Lutheran service in English each month. Dur- 
 ing the first ten years of the Seminary’s life the pastors were successively 
 John Herbst, Charles Weyl, and Frederick Ruthrauff. In 1836 Rev. Ben- 
 jamin Keller became pastor, and that same year an English Lutheran con- 
 gregation was organized and built a church on Chambersburg Street not far 
 from Center Square. Mr. Keller was installed as pastor of the younge> 
 congregation, but without relinquishing his relation with the older one. In 
 1838 the new church was incorporated with a charter specifying that “the 
 church shall forever, on every alternate Sabbath, in the forenoon, be at 
 the service of the Professors of the Lutheran Theological Seminary located 
 at Gettysburg . . . the church shall likewise be at the service of the 
 Faculty and Students of Pennsylvania College, if desired by them, on such 
 other days in the week or the evenings of such other days, as may be ap- 
 pointed for public commencements, anniversary celebrations, and other 
 public exercises of societies connected with the said Institutions, and con- 
 ducted under the responsibility of the respective Faculties of said Insti- 
 tutions—provided always that no disorder or other conduct inconsistent 
 with Christian propriety be permitted.” Mr. Keller resigned as pastor of 
 the College Church in 1839, but for twelve years more he continued to be 
 pastor of the older congregation, which had now taken the name St. 
 James. With Mr. Keller’s resignation came a strong secession of members 
 from Christ Church, leaving a small group and a heavy debt. Unable to 
 procure the services of a full-time pastor, the congregation asked the pro- 
 fessors of the Seminary and College to supply the pulpit. The services 
 were rotated among the professors, but one of them was always designated 
 as the responsible pastor of the little flock. Dr. Schmidt served as pastor 
 in 1840; Dr. Baugher, 1841-1852; Dr. Schmucker, 1853-1855; Dr. Krauth, 
 1855-1861; Dr. Baugher again, 1862-1866; and Dr. Hay, 1866-1893. Since 
 1893 the congregation has been enjoying the full-time services of a pastor, 
 the Seminary as an institution contributing towards his support. The in- 
 cumbents have been: Rev. Luther S. Black, D.D., 1893-1896; Rev. H. C. 
 Alleman, D.D., 1896-1900; Rev. M. Coover, D.D., 1901-1904; Rev. Henry 
 Anstadt, D.D., 1906-1911; Rev. A. E. Wagner, D.D., 1913 to the present. 
 
 The heavy debt that for many years after 1836 encumbered the property 
 of Christ Church was several times the subject of negotiations between the 
 Seminary authorities and those of the congregation. First the congrega- 
 
 294 
 
ASTERISKS AND OBELISKS 
 
 tion asked the Seminary Directors to liquidate the debt with Seminary 
 funds. This, it was felt, could not be dene. Then the Seminary asked the 
 synods to assume a part of the debt in return for certain property rights to 
 be vested in the Seminary. From this effort only $1,200 was realized. Later 
 the Seminary treasurer made a loan to the congregation, and it was with 
 much difficulty that payment of the loan was secured. 
 
 The public Commencement exercises of the Seminary have always been 
 held in Christ Church. From 1891 to 1912 the Baccalaureate sermon was 
 preached here on the Sunday morning preceding Commencement Day. 
 Since 1912 it has been preached in connection with the graduation exer- 
 cises themselves. 
 
 ALUMNIOSPEAKERS 
 
 The Alumni Association was organized April 16, 1844. Its first presi- 
 dent was Dr. J. G- Morris and its first secretary Dr.-C. Av :Hay.- -The 
 Association has contributed extensively to the life of the institution par- 
 ticularly in helping to meet its financial needs. At each annual meeting of 
 the Association, with only a few exceptions, there has been a formal ad- 
 dress by one of the alumni chosen by the body at the preceding meeting. 
 The list of speakers for the century is as follows: 
 
 1844, April. Rev. Ezra Keller, D.D., “A Thorough Theological Education.” 
 
 1844, September... Rev. Prof. H. L. Baugher, D.D., “The Necessity of a 
 Thorough Preparation for the Ministry.” 
 
 1845. Rev. C. W. Schaeffer, D.D., ‘‘The Dignity of the Ministerial Office.” 
 
 1846. Rev. S. Sprecher, D.D., “The Manner in Which the Christian Min- 
 istry is to Discharge the Duties of Its High Commission.” 
 
 1847. Rev. F. W. Conrad, D.D., “Improvement in Preaching.” 
 
 1848. Rev. C. Porterfield Krauth, D.D., “Training for the Pulpit and Pul- 
 pit Eloquence as Illustrated in Chrysostom.” 
 
 1849. Rev. C. A. Hay, D.D., “The Causes and Remedy of the Diversities 
 of Biblical Interpretation.” 
 
 1850. Rev. J. G. Morris, D.D., “A History of the Theological Seminary at 
 Gettysburg.” 
 
 1851. Rev. F. R. Anspach, D.D., (Speaker Absent). 
 
 1852. Rev. Reuben Weiser, D.D., “The Paramount Importance of Personal 
 Piety in the Ministry, as Illustrated in the History of the Evan- 
 gelical Lutheran Church.” 
 
 1853. Rev. B. Sadtler, D.D. (Speaker Absent). 
 
 1854. Rev. Jonathan Oswald, D.D., “The Heroes of the Lutheran Church 
 in the Seventeenth Century.” 
 
 1855. Rev. F. R. Anspach, D.D., “The Altar and the Throne—the Recip- 
 rocal Influence of the One on the Other.” 
 
 1856. Rev. C. W. Schaeffer, D.D. (Speaker Absent). 
 
 295 
 
1857. 
 
 1858. 
 1859. 
 1860. 
 1861. 
 1862. 
 1863. 
 1864. 
 1865. 
 1866. 
 1867. 
 
 1868. 
 1869. 
 
 1870. 
 1871. 
 1872. 
 1873. 
 1874. 
 1875. 
 1876. 
 1877. 
 
 1878. 
 
 1879. 
 1880. 
 1881. 
 
 1882. 
 1883. 
 1884. 
 1885. 
 
 1886. 
 
 1887. 
 1888. 
 1889. 
 1800, 
 
 HISTORY. OFRGETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Rev. J. McCron, D.D., “The Human Elements Necessary to Suc- 
 cess in the Gospel Ministry.” 
 
 Rev. A. Essick, (Speaker Absent). 
 
 Rev. A. C. Wedekind, D.D., “The Modern Pulpit.” 
 
 Rev. L. E. Albert, D.D., “Ignatius Loyola.” 
 
 Rev. R. A. Fink, D.D., “The Ministry for the! Times.” 
 
 Rev. A. Essick, “An Efficient Ministry.’ 
 Rev. Henry Bishop (Speaker Absent). 
 Rev. Henry Bishop (Speaker Absent). 
 Rev. Henry Bishop (Speaker Absent). 
 No Speaker. 
 
 Rev. J. G. Butler, D.D., “The Church in Our National Reconstruc- 
 tion.” 
 
 Rev. S. A. Holman, D:D., “The Conflict in the Church.” 
 
 Rev. G. Parson, D.D., “The Hindrances to Intellectual and Spiritual 
 Development.” 
 
 No Meeting. 
 
 Rev. E.-J. Wolf, DiD., “The Literature of Prisons.” 
 
 Rev?) W.° My Baum DD; = The* Christian’ Pulpites 
 
 Rev. Henry Baker, D.D. (Speaker Absent). 
 
 Rev. J. C. Koller, D.D., “Should Clergymen Study Natural Science?” 
 Rev. Daniel Steck, D.D., “Consecration to Our Sacred Calling.” 
 Seminary Jubilee. No Speaker. 
 
 Rev. Prof. Henry Ziegler, D.D., “The Elements or Source of Min- 
 isterial Power.” 
 
 Rev. H. W. McKnight, D. D., “The Elements of Abiding Power in 
 Christianity.” 
 
 Rey.’ HY C.*Holioway DD; ‘Godan’ Christ? 
 
 Rev. Matthias Sheeleigh, D.D., “The Bible, the Minister’s Manual.” 
 Rev. T. C. Billheimer, D.D., “The Service Which Modern Scepticism 
 Has Been Made to Render to Christianity.” 
 
 College Jubilee. No Address. 
 
 Rev. Peter Bergstresser, D.D., “Evangelical Preaching.” 
 
 Rev. J. G. Goettman, D.D. (Speaker Absent). 
 
 Rev. A. S. Hartman, D.D., “The Special Culture of the Ministry 
 Demanded by the Age.” 
 
 Rev. J. G. Goettman, D.D., “The Pulpit as Related to the Labor 
 Question.” 
 
 Rev. W. H. Dunbar, D.D., “A Ministry of Heroic Faith.” 
 
 Rev. W. E. Parson, D.D., “The Materialistic Heresy.” 
 
 Rey. J. A. Clutz, D.D. (Speaker Absent). 
 
 Rey. J. A. Clutz, D.D., “The Preacher’s Partnership With God.” 
 
 296 
 
 “ 
 
1891, 
 1892. 
 1893. 
 1894. 
 
 1895. 
 1896. 
 
 1897, 
 
 1898. 
 
 1899. 
 
 1900. 
 1901. 
 1902. 
 1903. 
 
 1904. 
 
 1905. 
 1906. 
 1907. 
 1908. 
 1909. 
 EOL: 
 
 1OLL 
 
 Lolz, 
 
 iS 
 1914, 
 1915. 
 1916. 
 1917. 
 1918. 
 1919: 
 1920. 
 |B ot 
 1922. 
 73, 
 1924. 
 1925. 
 
 1926. 
 
 ASTERISKS *AND;QBELISKS 
 
 Rev. John Wagner, D.D., “The Pulpit in Modern Life.” 
 
 Rev. J. A. Earnest, D.D. (Subject not recorded). 
 
 Rev. W. S. Freas, D.D: (Speaker Absent). 
 
 Rev. E. D. Weigle, D.D., “The Ministry in Relation to Current 
 Social Problems.” 
 
 Rev. J. A. Singmaster, D.D., “The Pastor and Negative Criticism.” 
 Rev. D. M. Gilbert, D.D., “The Dangers and Temptations of the 
 Ministerial Office.” 
 
 Rev. Victor Miller, D.D. (Subject not recorded). 
 
 Rey. P. C. Croll, D.D., “The Ministry in the Twentieth Century.” 
 Rev. John Brubaker, D.D., “The Bible in Relation to Our Modern 
 Ebimese 
 
 Rey. W. E. Fischer, D.D., “The Man and His Message.” 
 
 Rey. C. L. McConnell, D.D., “Our Message.” 
 
 Rev. George H. Reen, “Christianity and the Labor Problem.” 
 
 Rev. E. H. Delk, D.D., “The Higher and the Highest Criticism.” 
 Rev. F. H. Knubel, D.D., “The Atonement in the Light of the 
 Divine Fatherhood.” 
 
 Rev. W. S. Freas, D.D., “The Ministry Adapted to the Times.” 
 Rev. H. C. Alleman, D.D., “The Church and Civil Affairs.” 
 Revers. Gan britchard, ba (Subject noterecorded = 
 
 Rey. T. C. Billheimer, D.D., “Archaeology and the Bible.” 
 
 Rev. C. R. Trowbridge, D.D., “The Joy of the Christian Ministry.” 
 Rey. Charles Reinewald, D.D. (Subject not recorded). 
 
 Rev. Albert Bell, D.D., “Power.” 
 
 Rey. J. T. Huddle, D.D., “The Religious Complexion of the United 
 States: 
 
 Rey, J.-B) Bakery D:D;, “Mimisterialy Brambles.” 
 
 Reva He letrickwi Do The Country Ghurch 
 
 Rey. M. J. Kline, D.D., “Higher Education Under Church Auspices.” 
 irevwee5. Hater, Our Battle forthet ideal 
 
 Rey. L. C. Manges, D.D., “Voices in the Chorus.” 
 
 Rev. M. F. Good, D.D., “Our Reformation Heritage.” 
 
 Rev. G. A. Greiss, D.D., “The Church and the Present Crisis.” 
 Rev. W. H. B. Carney, D.D., “The Gospel for the Day.” 
 
 Rev. H. W. Snyder, D.D., “Week-Day Religious Teaching.” 
 
 Rev. J. E. Byers, D.D., “Making the Most of Our Ministry.” 
 
 Rew eww «Ott, -D.D ee My, Church: 
 
 Rey. J. H. Meyer, D.D., “Lutheranism’s Opportunity.” 
 
 Rev. M. L. Enders, D.D., “Is God Really Real or Is He the Creation 
 of Man’s Mind?” 
 
 Rev. R. B. Peery, Ph.D., D.D., “The Making of a Prophet.” 
 
 297 
 
HISTORY* OF *GELTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 HOLMAN'LECTURES ON THE AUGSBURG CONFESSION 
 
 ear Article Lecturer 
 
 1866 I J.*A. Brows,7D.D., xD. 
 1867 II S. Sprecher, D.D.,; LL.D. 
 1868 LP S) Si-SchmuckermD7D; 
 
 1869 IV Me Valentnee D:D WLL.D. 
 1870 V GaAs. Hay a, 
 
 1871 gt CANe Stork see 
 
 1872 AVAL es Coe Ornise toby ag Io 
 1873 VIII H. Ziegler, D.D. 
 
 1874 IX Ey, Wi 2 Gonrad se) Bl 
 1875 xX G. Diehl, D.D. 
 
 1876 XI A. C. Wedekind, D.D. 
 
 1877 XII Sv IW, larkey., 10-0: 
 
 1878 XIII Wires Bat, Lbs 
 
 1879 XIV L. A. Gotwald, D.D. 
 
 1880 XV Soe LiGhnanwDab 
 
 1881 XVI Ion EVA Ibert 7: 
 
 1882 XVIT Hey Wott, Ds sD. 
 1883 ee Mul fic BOL, S1Se area(s Bip 
 
 1884 XIX S. A.’ Repass, D.D. 
 
 1885 XX Ho erubper 10: 
 
 1886 XXI JeGe Koller en): 
 
 1887 I SA» Orta DD Rey 
 1888 if J.B: tRemensnydeér, DD. CED; 
 1889 III JoeWiRichardyalp aie Ler 
 1890 IV Ce Ballhemers 12D: 
 
 1891 V (Es SchoddeaawiPh Dp: 
 1892 VI GMS wAtbertaDsDs 
 
 1893 VIL P. Bergstresser, D.D. 
 
 1895 VIII JeAgHarnest 312.19) 
 
 1896 IX eg W.. ellitiord.) al). 
 
 1897 xX tetP.sManharice Deby 
 
 1898 XI J. A.?Singmaster, -D.D./-LLID; 
 1899 XII Charles E. Hay, D.D. 
 
 1900 XIII Wie De Larsones iL: 
 
 1901 XIV be AEC) eee 
 1903 XV Luther Kuhlman, D.D. 
 
 1904 XVII G. US Wenner, (D-DD: 
 1905 XVI S: Le pchinucker- sll. 
 1906 DeVeLLL M. Coover, D.D., LL.D. 
 1907 XIX aa ue ochre loulos 
 
 1908 XX J. M. Reimensnyder, D.D. 
 
 298 
 
Year 
 
 1909 
 1910 
 1911 
 oaks 
 1015 
 1914 
 1915 
 1916 
 1917 
 1918 
 1919 
 1920 
 91 
 1922 
 z3 
 1924 
 1925 
 1926 
 
 Year 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1877 
 
 1878 
 1879 
 
 1880 
 
 1881 
 1882 
 
 1883 
 
 1884 
 
 AS LERISKSUAND, @BELISKS 
 
 Article 
 PG! 
 
 I 
 
 II 
 
 V 
 
 ia 
 
 IV 
 
 VI 
 ats 
 IX 
 
 » 
 
 x Wt 
 VIII 
 
 XxX LI 
 XVIII 
 XI 
 XIV 
 Sau 
 XV 
 
 DEC TOR ESTO Ne E 
 
 Lecturer 
 Te Gee Butler DED). 
 
 Cor Gl tors od OHDS 
 
 LA. Gotwald, D.D: 
 A. C. Wedekind, D.D. 
 
 G. U. Wenner, D.D., L.H.D 
 Rev. Dr. Tyng, Jr. 
 
 Seb Dattitz. L).D% 
 M. Rhodes, D.D. 
 
 Peet pert, Lal). 
 
 John Leyburn, D.D. 
 George Scholl, D.D. 
 
 o. Alberte 1), 
 
 Lecturer 
 
 JialeaNeve? DD: 
 
 John Aberly, D.D. 
 
 Te Bor WoOltoDdsD: 
 
 Caspar Rene Gregory, Ph.D., LL.D. 
 Bvcla kaiubel wD Aes oD: 
 
 H. C. Alleman, D-D: 
 
 John A. Himes, Litt.D. 
 
 E. D. Weigle, D.D. 
 
 John Wagner, D.D. 
 
 Jeremiah Zimmerman, D.D., LL.D. 
 William E. Fischer, D.D. 
 
 A. R&Wentz,. Bhi DeiD:D. 
 
 Luther Weigle, Ph.D., D.D. 
 
 UD Eranklins Gruber, Db De el... 
 Marion J. Kline, D.D. 
 
 (Jo Getty, © Lal: 
 
 Stanley Billheimer, D.D. 
 
 H. Anstadt2LeD: 
 
 RICE FOUNDATION 
 Subject 
 
 Development and Direction of Benev- 
 olence. 
 
 How to Retain the Young Members 
 in the Church. 
 
 Lay Work. 
 
 Development and Direction of Benev- 
 olence. 
 
 Work Among the Young of the 
 Church. 
 
 (Speaker accepted, but did not ap- 
 pear.) 
 
 Lay Work. 
 
 Development and Direction of Benev- 
 olence. 
 
 lhe .Care*sof 
 Church. 
 
 Lay Work. 
 
 Development and Direction of Benev- 
 olence. 
 
 hemtsarey Or 
 Church. 
 
 the Young of the 
 
 the Young of the 
 
 M. W. Hamma, D.D., LL.D. Lay Work. 
 
 229 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Year Lecturer Subject 
 
 1885: J. A. Clotz, Dope eee: Development and Direction of Benev- 
 olence. 
 
 1886 Lee M. Heilman, D.D. The Care of the Young. 
 
 LECTURES ON THE BAUGHER FOUNDATION 
 
 Year Lecturer Subject 
 
 1892 .G.. U. Wenner, D.D., L.H.D Christian Worship 
 1893,°-Ce'S, Albert@sD Ds Christian Worship 
 1894 F..P) Manhart, D.D, Christian Worship 
 1895>"J.-C.KollenwbpsD: Christian Worship 
 1896. -J. Ave Seiss\) 0) wel: Christian Worship 
 1897 EE Horn 2p iia el: Christian Worship 
 
 TENTATIVE PROGRAM OF CENTENNIAL] EXERCISES 
 
 SEPTEMBER 21 
 
 4 P. M. Service of Praise. 
 6 P. M. Alumni Reunion and Dinner. 
 SEPTEMBER 22 
 9 A. M. The Seminary and the Church. 
 2 P.M. The Seminary and Sister Institutions (Presentation of Dele- 
 gates). 
 6 P. M. Complimentary Dinner to Delegates. 
 oP. The Seminary and the Public. 
 SEPTEMBER 23 
 OrAr The Seminary and the Lutheran Faith. Inauguration of New 
 
 President and Professors. 
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY 
 
 Before this page goes to press it is necessary to record two more events 
 of prime importance in the life of the Seminary. One is the resignation 
 of Dr. Coover in December, 1925, effective August, 1926. The reasons 
 given are “a commanding sense of propriety” and “personal health and 
 physical capacity.” As his successor the Directors elected (April 12, 1926) 
 Rev. R. T. Stamm, Ph.D., of the class that entered in 1920. The other 
 event is the sudden death of Dr. Singmaster (see page 330) on February 
 27, 1926. As his successor in systematic theology the directors elected 
 (April 12, 1926) Rev. John Aberly, D.D., of the class that entered in 1888. 
 
 300 
 
GHP EE Racy 
 THE FACULTY 
 
 PROFESSORS 
 (WITH DATE OF SERVICE) 
 PRICES LI OTm CHINUGK EE Ebay ise s isisdl ele oc utes ede © Siete 1826-18064 
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 Pumiand MacobewolteD.D. ElsD....90 ts. c. Me Pease antas eine 1874-1905 
 MArlccor\ Ue tstiice LOG ark Is Doe ee ot ee ar oot pee ite thG tale ed Blea 1881-1883 
 Neem AI MALIBIV ICHAT ML) ew lslel) Mon ainsi eer, sey tee ean oe 1889-1909 
 BnGivacmenariesrotlinelmer ml reece ne oes ca ctoe ee Fee 1893-1911 
 Pome ractieinemascete ls eealel Lites caer tc. esti ee te 1900-1926 
 Wits PEs pcs AMET EERSTE fee IBD lp ES ge piggies ages 1903-1916 
 WECLANcht noire CO verer | lie ohne ut. vite nat eee ek pate oe 1905-1926 
 paAcoome Drala eiiize)s Ds lols Lee ee ees eee ale Cake, 1909-1925 
 Plerbents Gnristialn lloriatne ters varie ce. eet. < oee, Te 1911- 
 PUDGel a ROSs= WieltZo inl) 1), agen, ee yap Ae ae ee. ees 1916- 
 Pee ee ne rad will PASCher eb Ins. nee easine es ON ct cheeky eva eal oes 1925- 
 
 
 
 SAMUEL SIMON SCHMUCKER, D.D. 
 (See Chapter VIIT) 
 
 
 
 Dr. SCHMUCKER 
 
 301 
 
HISTORY: OF “GEEPYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 ERNST LEWIS HAZELIUS, D.D. The second professor in the Seminary 
 was born at Neusalz, in the province of Silesia, Prussia, on September 
 
 6, 1777. He was descended from a long and honored line of Lutheran 
 ministers in Sweden. His father, Eric Hazel- 
 ius, was educated for the Lutheran ministry at 
 the University of Upsala, but did not take up 
 a pastorate. His mother, Christiana Brahtz, 
 was a Moravian and a native of Stettin. From 
 infancy he was imbued with a deep strain of 
 evangelical piety. 
 
 His academic course young Hazelius pur- 
 sued at Barby. His theological training he re- 
 ceived in the Moravian institution at Nuiesky. 
 Moravian bishops licensed him to preach the 
 Gospel. In 1800 he came to America under 
 appointment as teacher of the classics in the 
 Moravian school at Nazareth, Pennsylvania. 
 When the Seminary was established there in 
 1807 he became the professor of theology and head of the theological 
 department of the school. But Hazelius did not agree with the Moravian 
 views of Church government and discipline. This fact, together with 
 other considerations, led him to sever his connections with the Seminary 
 at Nazareth after eight years of service there and to return to the 
 Church of his ancestors. In 1809 he removed to Philadelphia and for a 
 short time gave instruction in a private classical school there. 
 
 Then he was ordained by the Lutheran Ministerium of New York and 
 took charge of the united congregations of New Germantown, German 
 Valley and Spruce Run in Hunterdon County, New Jersey. In connection 
 with his pastorate he conducted a classical school at New Germantown. 
 
 He was married in 1810 to Miss Hulda Cummings Bray of Lebanon, 
 New Jersey. They had no children. 
 
 When in 1815 Hartwick Seminary prepared to erect a building and 
 began to look for a man to devote his entire time to the work of teach- 
 ing, the selection fell on Pastor Hazelius. For fifteen years he served 
 Hartwick as its. professor of Christian theology and principal of the 
 Classical Department. Here he gained a high reputation as a classical 
 scholar and as a successful teacher. He had translated Storr and Flatt’s 
 Biblical Theology for use in his classes and was about to seek a pub- 
 lisher when he learned that Dr. Schmucker had translated and published 
 it. He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity simultaneously in 
 1824 from Union and Columbia Colleges in New York. He was also 
 invited to professorships in Lafayette College and in Princeton. 
 
 By the year 1830 the Seminary at Gettysburg felt the need for a 
 second professor and the unanimous choice of its Board of Directors 
 
 302 
 
 
 
 Dr. HAZELIUS 
 
THE, FACULTY. 
 
 fell on Dr. Hazelius. He was designated Professor of Biblical and 
 Oriental Literature and of the German Language. He was inaugurated 
 in September and his inaugural address was long afterwards expanded 
 into a book entitled ‘““The History of the American Lutheran Church.” 
 In addition to his work in the Seminary Dr. Hazeiius was professor of 
 Latin and German in the College at Gettysburg during its first year. 
 
 But Dr. Hazelius was not altogether happy at Gettysburg, as his 
 secondary position on the faculty did not afford him so wide a field of 
 usefulness in the Church as he had expected. In 1833 when death re- 
 moved Professor Schwartz, the teacher in the Classical and Theological 
 Institute of the Synod of South Carolina, at Lexington, one of the, 
 members of the Gettysburg Board of Directors, a confidential friend of 
 Dr. Hazelius, suggested Hazelius as the head of the southern institution. 
 He was elected and gladly accepted, so that his term of service with the 
 Gettysburg Seminary was very brief. 
 
 At Lexington Dr. Hazelius labored for more than nineteen years. 
 Calls to other positions he steadfastly declined. The Seminary there 
 flourished under his direction. He died at Lexington, February 20, 
 1853. His published writings are a “Life of Luther,” “Life of Stilling,” 
 “The Augsburg Confession with Annotations,” “Materials for Catechiza- 
 tion on Passages of Scripture,” “A History of the Christian Church 
 (first two centuries), and a “History of the Lutheran Church in Amer- 
 ica.’ While at Gettysburg he helped to edit Das Evangelische Magazin. 
 
 In his theological views Hazelius was evangelical, but his Moravian 
 training as well as the spirit of the times in which he lived made him 
 averse to strict doctrinal definitions. He accepted the current distinc- 
 tion between the fundamental and non-fundamental artictes of the Augs- 
 burg Confession, and he did not subscribe to all of the articles. His 
 position on the Lord’s Supper was that of low Calvinism. In his 
 attitude towards other denominations he was broadly tolerant and cath- 
 olic. His chief zeal was for the salvation of sinners and the pious 
 development of the saints. He was a man of amiable disposition, always 
 exercising a fatherly oversight over his pupils, and few professors have 
 been more beloved by their pupils than was Ernst Lewis Hazelius. 
 
 HENRY IMMANUEL SCHMIDT, D.D. Professor Schmidt was born of 
 Moravian parentage at Nazareth, Pennsylvania, on December 21, 1800. 
 His father was a distinguished physician and an intimate friend of Dr. 
 Hazelius, whom he had followed to America. Henry received his pre- 
 paratory education in the Academy at Nazareth and his theological 
 training in the Moravian Seminary located there, the Seminary that 
 had begun under Dr. Hazelius. After graduating from the Seminary 
 in 1826 he taught for three years in the Academy. Then, like his god- 
 father Hazelius before him, he severed his connections with the Mo- 
 
 303 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 ravians and was ordained a Lutheran minister by the Ministerium of 
 New York. For a short time he served the Lutheran congregations 
 at Saddle River and Ramapo in Bergen County, 
 New Jersey. 
 
 But most of his life was spent as a teacher. 
 After Hazelius left Hartwick Seminary for 
 Gettysburg, Schmidt became the assistant to 
 Dr. G. B. Miller at Hartwick. In this capacity 
 he labored for three years, from 1833 to 1836. 
 During this period he also established a young 
 ladies’ seminary there. He resigned his pro- 
 fessorship at Hartwick Seminary to accept a 
 call to the German congregation in Boston that 
 had just been established by the New York 
 Ministerium. His work among the Germans 
 in Boston was largely supported by the Eng- 
 lish speaking Congregational churches in that 
 city, and during this period of his life our subject spelled his name 
 “Smith.” But the work in Boston was discouraging and in 1838 
 Schmidt was called to walk again in the footsteps of Hazelius and to go 
 to Gettysburg as professor of German. 
 
 At Gettysburg, Professor Schmidt was first and primarily a teacher 
 in the College. His title was “Professor of German and French Lan- 
 guages and Literature.” In 1839 he was elected professor of German 
 literature’ in the Seminary, with a schedule of two hours a week. His 
 work for the Seminary was additional to his work for the College and 
 his compensation was the free use ot the house on the Seminary 
 campus which he was occupying. Nearly five years were spent at 
 Gettysburg and Dr. Schmidt long afterwards described this period as 
 “the happiest years of my life.” He left Gettysburg in 1843 because 
 of the financial embarrassments of the College. He was the only rep- 
 resentative the New York Ministerium has ever had on the Faculty at 
 Gettysburg. 
 
 From Gettysburg Dr. Schmidt returned to New York and became 
 pastor at Palatine and Stone Arabia, in Montgomery County. As these 
 congregations belonged to the Hartwick Synod, he withdrew from the 
 New York Ministerium and joined the younger body. It was this fact 
 probably that afterwards led Dr. S. S. Schmucker to class him among 
 the “American Lutherans,’ but Schmidt firmly repelled the claim and 
 insisted that he belonged to the “Old Lutherans.” After a pastorate of 
 only two years in Montgomery County, Dr. Schmidt returned again to 
 the professor’s chair and there spent the remainder of his active years. 
 
 First he became the principal of Hartwick Seminary. In this ca- 
 pacity he served from 1845 to 1848. Then he accepted a call to the Ger- 
 . 304 
 
 
 
 Dr. SCHMIDT 
 
Pibhe PACU L TY. 
 
 hard Professorship of German Language and Literature in Columbia 
 College, New York City. Here he labored with merit and distinction 
 for thirty-three years. In 1850 he received the honorary doctorate of 
 divinity from Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg. Because of his ad- 
 vanced age he resigned his professorship at Columbia in the fall of 1880. 
 From that date until his death on February 11, 1889, he was professor 
 emeritus. Without exception those who knew him regarded him as a 
 gentleman of fine culture and uniform punctiliousness in observing the 
 proprieties of life. His widow survived him, but he had no children. 
 
 Professor Schmidt was very active in the general work of the 
 Church, and was widely recognized as one of the ablest and most schol- 
 arly men in the Church at that time. He had a well-disciplined mind 
 and excellent literary taste, so that his writings may still be read with 
 pleasure. His publications are numerous and of high merit. In the 
 earlier volumes of the Evangelical Review many articles appear from 
 his pen. His separate publications are “A History of Education” (pub- 
 lished in Harper’s Family Library in 1842); ‘The Scriptural Char- 
 acter of the Lutheran Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper,” 186 pp., 1852; 
 and a “Course of Ancient Geography,” 328 pp., 1861. He also helped 
 to translate Schmid’s “Dogmatic Theology.” 
 
 Dr. Schmidt went along with the doctrinal and confessional develop- 
 ment that took place in the Lutheran Church in America during his 
 lifetime. He was prominent also in the liturgical development of the 
 General Synod. When the division came in the ranks of the General 
 Synod in 1866, he helped to found the General Council. In New York 
 City he had become a member of Dr. Krotel’s church in the New York 
 Ministerium, and in 1878 when Dr. Krotel and his congregation were 
 transferred to the Pennsylvania Ministerium, Dr. Schmidt also became a 
 member of the old Mother Synod. The historian could wish that Dr. 
 Schmidt had always remained in the service of the institutions at 
 Gettysburg. 
 
 CHARLES AUGUSTUS HAY, D.D. The subject of this sketch served on 
 the Faculty of the Seminary longer than any other man except S. S. 
 Schmucker himself. His term of service was so extended and his 
 activities so varied that it would be impossible within such narrow limits 
 to present a full estimate of his influence on behalf of the Seminary. 
 Only an outline can be attempted. 
 
 Dr. Hay was born February 11, 1821, at York, Pennsylvania, the son 
 of John Hay and Eliza Ebert Hay, and nephew of Dr. J. G. Morris. 
 He prepared for college at the York County Academy and the German 
 ‘Reformed High School and under the direction of his uncle, and entered 
 the sophomore class at Gettysburg in 1836, only four years after the 
 College had begun. He graduated from the College in 1839 and from the 
 
 305 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Seminary two years later. Then he went to Germany for further the- 
 ological study. Two years were spent at Berlin and Halle. At Halle 
 he enjoyed close intimacy with Professor Tho- 
 luck. Other celebrities whose public instruc- 
 tions and private courtesies he enjoyed were 
 Hengstenberg, Twesten, Neander, Strauss, 
 Guericke, Gossner and Julius Mueller. Re- 
 turning to America he was licensed in 1843 and 
 took charge of the Lutheran Church at Middle- 
 town, Maryland. In this pastorate, however, 
 he remained only nine months. For in Sep- 
 tember, 1844, at the early age of twenty-three, 
 he was called to the Seminary at Gettysburg as 
 professor of Biblical literature and German 
 language. He was the first incumbent of the 
 
 Dyed eb Alumni Professorship. For four years he la- 
 
 bored by the side of Dr. Schmucker as the “sec- 
 ond professor” in the Seminary, and from March to October, 1846, dur- 
 ing Dr. Schmucker’s absence in Europe, he was in practical charge of the 
 affairs of the Seminary. In connection with his professorship in the Sem- 
 inary he gave four hours a week to the teaching of German in the College. 
 
 Then he resigned. The gathering clouds of theological controversy 
 in the Lutheran Church of America and his own lack of experience in 
 the pastorate, together with the meagerness of his salary at Gettysburg, 
 seemed to make it desirable that he should relinquish the professor’s 
 chair for a while, and upon the advice of more experienced men like C. 
 P. Krauth and J. G. Morris, he entered the pastorate again in 1848. A 
 letter from Dr. Morris to Dr. Krauth indicates that they were thinking 
 of the young teacher as a possible successor to Dr. Schmucker sometime 
 as professor of theology. But for that it was required by the consti- 
 tution that he should have at least five years’ experience as a pastor. He 
 left Gettysburg to take pastoral charge of St. Matthew’s in Hanover. 
 But after one year in Hanover he went to Zion Church in Harrisburg, 
 in July, 1849, as successor to the Rev. Dr. C. W. Schaeffer. Here he 
 remained for more than sixteen years, exerting a wide influence not only 
 in his large congregation but throughout the entire city. In 1859 the 
 College honored him with the doctorate of divinity. 
 
 In 1865, when the Seminary was facing the most critical period in 
 its history, Dr. Hay was called to become the colleague of Krauth, 
 Brown and Valentine as the “fourth professor.” He was asked to 
 teach Hebrew and Old Testament theology, pastoral theology, and 
 German language and literature. This position he accepted and here he 
 remained until four days before his death on June 26, 1893. In con- 
 nection with his professorial duties he was also pastor of Christ (Col- 
 
 306 
 
 
 
TEE PAGULTY: 
 
 lege) Church. Altogether he spent thirty-two years as professor in the 
 Seminary. During most of that period he was the secretary of the Fac- 
 ulty. Always he was active in the movements leading to the enlarge- 
 ment of the course of study and the increase in the equipment of the 
 school. 
 
 Dr. Hay always took an active interest in the general work of the 
 Church. When he removed from Hanover to Harrisburg he became a 
 member of the Pennsylvania Ministerium. But the linguistic and con- 
 fessional developments within the Ministerium led him and his congre- 
 gation to transfer their membership in 1857 to the East Pennsylvania 
 Synod. He was one of the foremost leaders in the Synod, twice its 
 president and three times its secretary. He also exerted a wide in- 
 fluence in the General Synod, serving as its secretary in 1853 and its 
 president in 1881. When the division came in the ranks of the General 
 Synod in 1864-66, Dr. Hay remained warmly loyal to the older body and 
 throughout his life was an outspoken advocate of the General Synod 
 type of Lutheranism. For forty years he was one of the trustees of 
 Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg and from 1867 to 1880 the secretary 
 of its Board. He was one of the active agents in securing the ampler 
 endowment of the College. 
 
 Special mention must. be made of his persevering and methodical 
 labors on behalf of the Lutheran Historical Society. This Society was 
 founded and for many years was presided over by Dr. J. G. Morris. In 
 1869 Dr. Hay became the curator of its library, and his many years of 
 painstaking effort in collecting and arranging a gfeat mass of manu- 
 scripts and printed documents bearing on Lutheran history was a ser- 
 vice of inestimable value. The author of this volume acknowledges him- 
 self indebted to Dr. Hay more than to any other one person for the 
 sources of his information. 
 
 During the Civil War Dr. Hay was a stout advocate of the Union 
 and a warm friend of the soldier. At one time he was arrested in Har- 
 risburg and arraigned before the military authorities in Baltimore for 
 criticising Gen. Wool’s leniency to Southern sympathizers. He was 
 for many years president of the Pennsylvania Bible Society. He was 
 an earnest supporter of the public schools and at one time was offered 
 the position of State Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
 
 With all his teaching and practical activities Dr. Hay found time to 
 write. He wrote many book reviews and magazine articles on _ his- 
 torical and biographical topics. He also prepared a volume of “Life 
 Sketches of Lutheran Ministers in America’ (Goering, Lochman, 
 Kurtz), 1887. He translated ‘“Luther’s Commentary on the Sermon on 
 the Mount,” 1892. With H. E. Jacobs he translated and edited Schmid’s 
 “Dogmatic Theology.” This volume exerted a profound influence on 
 the development of the General Synod. 
 
 307 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Dr. Hay was married to Miss Sarah Rebecca Barnitz, of York, 
 Pennsylvania, on May 5, 1845. His wife was the daughter of Hon. 
 Charles A. Barnitz, first treasurer of the Seminary. He had eight 
 children, five of whom survived him: John W., a pharmacist in Harris- 
 burg; Rev. Dr. Charles E., of the Deaconess Mother-House in Balti- 
 more; Rev. Dr. Edward G., of Rhinebeck, New York; the wife of Rev. 
 M. L. Heisler, late of Harrisburg; and the wife of Professor John A. 
 Himes, Litt.D., of Gettysburg. 
 
 CHARLES PHILIP KRAUTH, D.D. Precisely one-third of a century 
 Charles Philip Krauth gave to the institutions at Gettysburg. About 
 one-half of this period was devoted exclusively to the Seminary. He 
 
 was an excellent preacher and a good teacher, 
 but those who know him were most impressed 
 by his attractive personal qualities. He lived 
 through a period of bitter polemics, in which 
 the institution he loved and served was in- 
 timately involved, but he kept himself free 
 from controversy. He had the enthusiastic 
 admiration of every student he taught, and the 
 impress of his devout personality was long felt 
 in the Seminary. 
 
 The intimate facts of Dr. Krauth’s life are 
 very beautiful. Professor Stoever opens his 
 S lengthy account of his career with these words: 
 
 De ee “A character so near perfection, a life so al- 
 most blameless as was that of Charles P. 
 
 Krauth is seldom found. He was one of the purest and best men that 
 
 ever lived. One more faithful and affectionate, better in the entire 
 
 combination of his gifts and graces, has never been given to the 
 
 Church.” 
 
 Dr. Krauth was born at New Goshenhoppen, Montgomery County, 
 Pennsylvania, on May 7, 1797. His father, Charles James Krauth, was 
 a native of Germany and came to America as a young man in the ca- 
 pacity of school teacher and church organist. His mother was Kath- 
 erine Doll, a Pennsylvanian. They lived at York, Pennsylvania, in Bal- 
 timore, Maryland, and for many years in Virginia, everywhere highly 
 respected by their neighbors. Dr. Krauth early evinced a decided: taste 
 
 for linguistic studies and won high credit in his study of Latin, Greek 
 and French. 
 
 
 
 Having selected medicine as his profession, he commenced its study 
 when about eighteen years of age under the direction of Dr. Selden, 
 of Norfolk, Virginia. Then he attended a course of lectures in the Uni- 
 versity of Maryland. But his funds became exhausted and he paid a 
 
 308 
 
THE PACUDBY 
 
 visit to Frederick, Md., with a view of procuring financial aid from his 
 uncle, who was the organist of the Lutheran church. There he 
 came under the influence of Rev. David F. Schaeffer and he became 
 convinced that not medicine but the ministry was the work to which God 
 had called him. He soon commenced his theological studies under the 
 direction of Pastor Schaeffer, and at every step of his progress was 
 more strongly convinced of his divine call to preach. 
 
 In 1818, while he was at Frederick prosecuting his theological 
 studies, Rev. Abraham Reck of Winchester, Va., who was in feeble 
 health, wrote to Rev. Schaeffer asking if he could not send him a the- 
 ological student to help him in the work of his pastorate. Schaeffer 
 sent young Krauth, who continued his studies under the direction of 
 Pastor Reck and assisted him in preaching the gospel and performing 
 pastoral labor. This work he continued for one year. 
 
 Mr. Krauth was licensed to preach the Gospel by the Synod of Penn- 
 sylvania at its meeting in Baltimore in 1819. His first pastoral charge 
 embraced the churches of Martinsburg and Shepherdstown, Va. He 
 helped to organize the Synod of Maryland and Virginia in 1820 and 
 was a member of the committee that drew up the first constitution. This 
 Synod ordained him in 1821. Two years later he was made treasurer 
 of the Synod and so continued for three terms. Then he became presi- 
 dent, but only for one term because in 1827 he removed from the bounds 
 of the Synod to take charge of St. Matthew’s in Philadelphia. Already 
 in these early years he was deeply interested in the education of men 
 for the ministry. In 1823 the Maryland Synod made him a member of 
 a committee “to report a plan for the education of pious and indigent 
 young men for the Gospel ministry.” It was at a monthly conference of 
 ministers held in the church at Martinsburg, in February, 1825, while 
 Mr. Krauth was pastor, that the enterprise of a theological seminary 
 under the auspices of the General Synod originated and here the first 
 funds ever contributed to the object were collected, in the amount of 
 five or six dollars. That fall the Maryland Synod appointed Krauth 
 on a committee with Schmucker and Kurtz to draft a plan for a sem- 
 inary, and the next year when the General Synod adopted the plan, 
 Krauth was elected a member of its first Board of Directors. He was 
 also the first secretary of the Board. 
 
 Krauth’s removal to Philadelphia in 1827 marks a new epoch, not 
 only in the history of our English Lutheran interests in that city, but 
 of his own life. Brought into new associations, surrounded by active, 
 earnest, living men, with large libraries at his command, new powers 
 seemed to be awakened within him and new energies developed. As a 
 scholar, theologian and preacher he made rapid advance and deeply im- 
 pressed the community. He strongly encouraged the introduction of 
 English into the services of the sanctuary and in doing this had to 
 
 309 
 
HISTORY: OFSGE DIYS BURG ISL MINARY 
 
 brave some opposition. Dr. Krauth remained in Philadelphia six years, 
 enjoying the highest reputation as preacher and pastor. 
 
 When Dr. Hazelius resigned his professorship in the Seminary in 
 1833, the attention of the Board of Directors was at once turned to 
 Dr. Krauth as the man best qualified for the position. As a Hebraist 
 he had no superior in the Church. He was unanimously chosen profes- 
 sor of Biblical and Oriental literature. It was agreed that part of his 
 time should be devoted to instruction in the newly established College, 
 with the understanding that as soon as proper arrangements could be 
 made his duties should be entirely in the Seminary. But this plan was 
 in force less than a year, for early in 1834 Professor Krauth was unan- 
 imously elected the first president of Pennsylvania College. The duties 
 of this office he performed with great fidelity for sixteen years and they 
 were years of rapid progress in the life of the young College. During 
 most of this time Dr. Krauth also gave a few hours of instruction 
 each week in the Seminary. He co-operated earnestly in the revivals of 
 religion that visited the student body of the College in 1836, 1839 and 
 1842. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him by the 
 University of Pennsylvania in 1837. 
 
 In the autumn of 1850, after Dr. Hay had closed his first period of 
 service on the Seminary Faculty, and after Dr. Krauth’s friend, Dr. 
 Demme, had declined the call of the Board, Dr. Krauth himself relin- 
 quished with great satisfaction the toilsome and often ungrateful work 
 of the College presidency, and took up again the more quiet and con- 
 genial duties of theological instruction. His chair was now called the 
 “Professorship of Biblical Philology and Ecclesiastical History.” Thus 
 he came to be fully and permanently identified with the institution that 
 he had helped to call into being and whose fortunes he had followed 
 so intimately and uninterruptedly from the beginning until that moment. 
 For fifteen years Krauth and Schmucker constituted the Seminary Fac- 
 ulty. A few more years he labored by the side of Dr. Brown, who came in 
 1864, and Mr. Hay, who came the following year, and one year by the side 
 of Dr, Valentine, who came in 1866. Then came the end, May 30, 1867, 
 in the seventy-first year of his age and the forty-ninth of his ministry. 
 
 In the forty years of the Seminary’s life Dr. Krauth was the first 
 professor to die in the service. The Board of Trustees, with which he 
 had so long been connected, first as a member, then as a_ servant, 
 adopted a touching resolution expressing their “exalted admiration of his 
 unaffected piety and his extensive acquirements, his entire consecration 
 of his talents and influence to the welfare of the Seminary, his faith- 
 ful and conscientious discharge of duty, his bland and amiable disposi- 
 tion and his eminent social qualities.’ The Seminary also erected a 
 monument at his grave. His books were purchased and added to the 
 Seminary Library. 
 
 310 
 
LHe SAGULAN 
 
 Dr. Krauth did not write much. In, his early ministry in the Synod 
 of Maryland and Virginia he was associated with Dr. Schaeffer in edit- 
 ing the Lutheran Intelligencer. From 1850 to 1861 he was editor of the 
 Evangelical Review, and contributed a number of its articles. This 
 magazine was a great power on behalf of conservative. Lutheranism in 
 America. Dr. Krauth served on several important committees of the 
 General Synod and was its president in 1848. His theological position 
 was more conservative and more in accord with historical Lutheranism 
 than that of his colleague, Dr. Schmucker, but their personal relations 
 were always very cordial. 
 
 Dr. Krauth was twice married. His first wife was Miss Catharine 
 Susan Heiskell, of Staunton, Virginia. She was the mother of Charles 
 Porterfield Krauth and of Mrs. Julia H. Kinsolving, wife of Rev. O. 
 A. Kinsolving. His second wife was Miss Harriet Brown, of Gettys- 
 burg. She was the mother of John M. Krauth, Esq., formerly the Sec- 
 retary of the College Board of Trustees, and Miss Sallie Pearson 
 Krauth, for many years the College librarian. 
 
 JAMES ALLEN BROWN, D.D., LL.D. After Dr. Schmucker’s resignation 
 from his position as the head of the Seminary in 1864, Dr. J. A. Brown 
 became the professor of didactic theology and the new head of the 
 school. For seventeen years he presided 
 over the Faculty, and there are many living 
 today who remember his forceful person- 
 ality both as teacher and as preacher. 
 
 James Allen Brown was born in Dru- 
 more Township, Lancaster County, Penn- 
 sylvania, February 19, 1821. His parents, 
 James and Ann Brown, were Quakers. His 
 early life was spent on a farm and he re- 
 ceived only a meager education, but he was 
 endowed with superior natural talents and 
 had a constitutional thirst for knowled<c. 
 He devoted his evenings to reading and 
 study. For several years he taught school 
 in Lancaster during the winters. Then he 
 determined to prepare himself for college. Unassisted he began the 
 study of Latin. In 1840 he purchased a copy of Valpy’s Greek Grammar 
 and mastered its contents as he followed the plough. After spending 
 some time at the Mt. Joy Institute and the Emmaus Institute at Middle- 
 town, Pennsylvania, pursuing his language studies and at the same time 
 
 311 
 
 
 
 Dr. BrowN 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 helping to teach, he passed a successful examination and was admitted 
 to the senior class in the College at Gettysburg in 1841. 
 
 It was during his student days at Gettysburg that Brown first con- 
 nected himself with the Church, being baptized by Dr. James Watson 
 on December 19, 1841, and becoming a member of the Presbyterian 
 church in Gettysburg. He graduated from the College in the class of 
 1842. Then three years were given to teaching in private schools, one 
 year at Leitersburg, Maryland, one year at New Windsor, Maryland, 
 and one year at Darlington, Maryland. . 
 
 Brown’s contacts at Gettysburg College had inclined him towards 
 the Lutheran Church and had also helped to stir within him an “ardent 
 desire to proclaim the Gospe! of Christ.” Accordingly, during his three 
 years of teaching, from 1842 to 1845, he had been diligently studying 
 theology under the direction of Drs. J. G. Morris and Benjamin Kurtz 
 of Baltimore. He was a thorough student and in October, 1845, the 
 Maryland Synod, meeting in Washington, licensed him to preach. He 
 took charge of Luther Chapel, in Baltimore, a congregation which had 
 been established by Dr. Morris and which is now known as the Third 
 Lutheran Church. 
 
 After a little more than three years in Baltimore Dr. Brown accepted 
 a call to Zion Church, in York. Here as in Baltimore he prosecuted his 
 work with great energy and success, and he soon began to gain a repu- 
 tation as a convincing preacher. After a pastorate of little more than 
 one year he resigned at York in 1849, to take charge of St. Matthew’s, 
 at Reading. At Reading he remained for ten years and here he came 
 to be known as the fearless foe of every form of evil. He was par- 
 ticularly aggressive against the prevailing error of Universalism and the 
 wide-spread evil of intemperance. Here also, during the controversy 
 over the Definite Synodical Platform, he established a reputation as a 
 clear thinker, a vigorous writer, a conservative churchman and a master 
 of Lutheran theology. 
 
 Meanwhile, upon the death of Hazelius, head of the theological sem- 
 inary at Lexington, South Carolina, that institution had been removed 
 from Lexington to Newberry and connected with the college there. 
 Dr. Theophilus Stork had become president of the school in 1858 and 
 the next year he succeeded in getting his friend, Dr. Brown, to take 
 up the professorship of theology and ancient languages. The following 
 year, when Dr. Stork left for Baltimore, Dr. Brown became the presi- 
 dent of Newberry College. But he did not remain long at Newberry. 
 When the clouds of the Civil War began to gather on the horizon Dr. 
 Brown expressed himself unequivocally against secession and in favor 
 of the Union. Narrowly escaping personal violence, he fled with his 
 family to York, Pennsylvania. That was in January, 1861. 
 
 312 
 
DHRERACUE EY 
 
 Dr. Brown was then appointed chaplain of the 87th regiment of 
 Pennsylvania volunteers. In this service he continued until November 
 15, 1862, when he resigned to become chaplain of the United States 
 army hospital at York. Two years he served the cause of American 
 Union and the cause of God’s Kingdom in this way. Then came the 
 call to Gettysburg. 
 
 Great interest centered in the selection of Dr. Schmucker’s successor 
 as the professor of didactic theology and chairman of the Faculty in 
 the Seminary at Gettysburg in 1864. When the Board elected Dr. 
 Brown, some in the Church were disappointed. But that was not be- 
 cause of any doubt concerning Dr. Brown’s ability. By his vigorous 
 attack upon the Definite Platform, particularly in his treatise of 1857 
 entitled “The New Theology,” he had established his reputation as an 
 able theologian. Nor was the disappointment at his election due to any 
 radical tendency in Brown’s doctrinal positions. It was due to the fact 
 that the chair to which he was called in 1864 was so strategic a position 
 that it had become involved in the disturbed current of ecclesiastical 
 events and those who were contemplating the establishment of a rival 
 Seminary could only have been deterred by the selection of another 
 person than Brown, one occupying higher confessional ground. With 
 Brown’s election, therefore, a new seminary was established and a 
 breach was made in the ranks of the Gettysburg Seminary, its Board, 
 its Faculty, its student body and its alumni. Such was the serious sit- 
 uation that confronted Dr. Brown when he became the head of the Sem- 
 inary in 1864, but under his judicious management the friends of the 
 Seminary rallied to its support, the endowment was increased, the course 
 of study was enlarged, and confidence in the school was completely re- 
 stored, so that the number of students soon reached and passed the mark 
 it had attained before the breach. 
 
 He was elected president of the General Synod at the memorable con- 
 vention at Fort Wayne in 1866. When, therefore, the division of that 
 body took place and the General Council was formed he was the one 
 man whose endowments qualified him to be the leader of the General 
 Synod in the years of agitation that followed. Some of his most vig- 
 orous writings came from his pen during those years of heated con- 
 troversy and litigation when he stood forth always as the able cham- 
 pion of the General Synod and of its Seminary at Gettysburg. 
 
 The progress of the Seminary under the direction of Dr. Brown has 
 been noted elsewhere in this volume. Suffice it here to say that he per- 
 formed the duties of his responsible position with the greatest fidelity 
 and success until December, 1879, when he was stricken with paralysis 
 in the form of aphasia. The next June he tendered his resignation to 
 
 313 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 the Board of Directors, but in the hope that he might recover the Board 
 delayed accepting the resignation until June, 1881. Dr. Brown then 
 removed with his family to Lancaster and here on June 19, 1882, he 
 passed away. 
 
 Dr. Brown’s was a bold, vivid personality. Those who knew him 
 personally declare that he was born to be a commander of men. He 
 secured his education by sheer.determination, and force of will charac- 
 terized him throughout his life. As a preacher he was always clear, 
 simple and direct. Both by nature and by experience he was apt to teach. 
 He was impatient of obscurity or slovenly thinking and always taught 
 his students to think accurately and to express themselves clearly. His 
 own firmness and clarity of expression was a mighty factor in crystal- 
 lizing the various elements in the General Synod after the breach in 
 1866. Dr. Brown did not take strongly to the “mysteries” of the faith. 
 This may have been a lingering heritage from his Quaker ancestry. 
 But, doubtless, the chief influence of his ancestry must be found in a 
 certain plain honesty, simplicity and purity of character, together with 
 a blunt disdain of forms. He was a Lutheran from conviction and he 
 knew how to make his convictions contagious; so that during his incum- 
 bency at Gettysburg the Seminary sent forth a succession of young men 
 who had a new view of the Lutheran Church, her theology, her spirit 
 
 and genius, and of the work she had to do. 4 
 
 In 1859, Pennsylvania College conferred on him the degree of Doc- 
 tor of Divinity. Twenty years later, and just before his disability, the 
 University at Wooster, Ohio, honored him with the degree of Doctor 
 of Laws. 
 
 Dr. Brown’s writings are found chiefly on the pages of The Evan- 
 gelical Review and its successor, The Lutheran Quarterly. Forty-one 
 extended articles from his pen may be read in these magazines. A few 
 of his sermons and addresses appeared separately and in other period- 
 icals. With Dr. Valentine he founded The Lutheran Quarterly in 1871 
 and for nine years he was its editor, bringing it to high favor both 
 within and outside the Lutheran Church. 
 
 It was during his ministry in York, Pennsylvania, that Dr. Brown 
 was married to Miss Mary E. Hay, daughter of Dr. Jacob Hay of that 
 city. The marriage took place September 12, 1848. Mrs. Brown and 
 nine children survived him. The children were: J. Hay Brown, Esquire, 
 of Lancaster, afterwards Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Penn- 
 Sylvania; Sallie, wife of E. J. Cox, Esquire, of Gettysburg; Mary E., 
 wife of R. M. Agnew, Esquire, of Lancaster; Nellie A., wife of S. S. 
 B. Ramey, of Ramey, Pennsylvania; Carrie, wife of J. Frank Graff, of 
 Grand Rapids, Michigan; James Allen, Jr., J. William, Lucy and Nona. 
 
 314 
 
oT BL Ge aN GAIL Tey, 
 
 CHARLES FREDERICK SCHAEFFER, D.D. Dr. Schaeffer, the seventh 
 in the line of professors at the Seminary, was born September 3, 1807, 
 at Germantown, Pennsylvania. He was the youngest son of Rev. Dr. 
 Frederick David and Rosina (Rosenmiller ) 
 Schaeffer. His father was at that time pas- 
 tor of St. Michael’s in Germantown, but 
 soon afterwards became pastor of St. 
 Michael’s and Zion’s Church, in Philadelphia. 
 
 It was in Zion’s Church of Philadelphia 
 that Charles Frederick Schaeffer was con- 
 firmed and in the parochial school of that 
 church he received his early training. His 
 collegiate studies were pursued at the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania, where he graduated 
 in 1827. All three of his older brothers were 
 ministers and he never had a thought of any 
 other calling for himself. David Frederick 
 was the esteemed pastor at Frederick, Mary- 
 land. Frederick Solomon had died in 1815 as pastor at Hagerstown, Mary- 
 land. And Frederick Christian had become a prominent preacher in New 
 York City. Young Charles Frederick studied theology privately, partly 
 under the direction of his father, but chiefly under the direction of Dr. 
 Charles R. Demme, who had married his sister and who was the adjunct 
 pastor of St. Michael’s and Zion’s. His studies completed, he went to 
 Frederick to help his oldest brother. Here he was licensed by the Synod 
 of Maryland and Virginia in 1829. For some months he assisted his 
 brother Christian in New York. 
 
 In 1830 he assumed his first pastoral charge. This was at Carlisle, 
 Pennsylvania. Here he had the care of four congregations. He was 
 ordained by the West Pennsylvania Synod in 1831. While resident at 
 Carlisle he was married, August 27, 1832, by Dr. Hazelius, to Susanna 
 Schmucker, the sister of Dr. S. S. Schmucker. After nearly four years 
 of service in Carlisle he removed to Hagerstown, where he was pastor 
 from 1834 to 1840. 
 
 Then began his career as a teacher. He had become known as a 
 diligent student and a successful pastor and preacher. Accordingly, upon 
 the death of Rev. William Schmidt, the young professor of the newly 
 established Theological Seminary of the Ohio Synod at Columbus, Ohio, 
 Dr. Schaeffer was called in 1840 to take up that work. He accepted and 
 not only had charge of the entire course of theological instruction in 
 German and English, but was also pastor of the Lutheran congregation 
 in the town. Three years later, on account of difficulties with German 
 pastors and interests he left the Seminary and accepted a call to the 
 congregation at Lancaster, Ohio. Two years were spent in this pas- 
 
 a1 
 
 
 
 Dr. SCHAEFFER 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 torate and then six years as pastor at Red Hook, in Dutchess County, 
 New York. While at Red Hook he received the honorary degree of 
 Doctor of Divinity from Perinsylvania College at Gettysburg. In 1851 
 he became pastor of St. John’s, at Easton, Pennsylvania. 
 
 At the suggestion of the Trustees of the College at Gettysburg, the 
 Ministerium of Pennsylvania in 1851 decided to establish a professor- 
 ship of German language and literature at the College, retaining the 
 right always to name the incumbent. By the year 1854 sufficient funds 
 had been gathered to begin the work of the chair. Dr. W. J. Mann was 
 chosen by the Synod, but declined the position. The next year the Min- 
 isterium nominated Dr. C. F. Schaeffer, at the same time obligating 
 the professor to divide his time equally between the College and the 
 Seminary. Dr. Schaeffer was unanimously elected by the Seminary 
 Board. He accepted the call, removed from Easton to Gettysburg in 
 1856, and was inaugurated “German Theological Professor” in the 
 Seminary. His instructions were very explicit that he should teach the 
 elements of the German language and literature in the College and the 
 various theological branches in the German tongue in the Seminary. This 
 arrangement caused a separation of the Seminary students into two dis- 
 tinct groups, according to the language they preferred, and there was 
 much friction and difficulty in arranging the schedule of studies. But 
 Dr. Schaeffer’s presence at Gettysburg gave great impetus to the study 
 of German and opened to many a student a channel of approach to 
 the study of Lutheran theology that would otherwise have been closed. 
 
 When the division of the General Synod took place in 1864 the 
 Pennsylvania Ministerium removed its professor from Gettysburg and 
 called him to be the chairman of the Faculty of the new theological 
 seminary in Philadelphia. The Gettysburg Board expressed its serious 
 disapproval of the manner of his withdrawal from their Faculty. In 
 Philadelphia Dr. Schaeffer served his happiest and longest term of ser- 
 vice, continuing in his influential position at the head of that seminary 
 until the day of his death, November 23, 1879. Like Dr. Hazelius, he 
 had been a member of the faculties of three Lutheran seminaries. 
 
 As a preacher Dr. Schaeffer held a very high place, but he excelled 
 as a teacher. He was a conservative Lutheran and his conservatism in 
 his views of truth was impressed on his students. He translated 
 “Kurtz’s Manual of Sacred History,” 1885; “Luther’s Small Catechism,” 
 1856; ‘“Lechler’s Commentary on Acts” (in the Lange series); and 
 “Arndt’s True Christianity,’ 1868. His “Commentary on Matthew” 
 (condensed by his son-in-law, Rev. Reuben Hill, D.D.) was published 
 after his death as volumes one and two of the “Lutheran Commentary,” 
 1895. He also published numerous translated and original articles in 
 the Evangelical Review and in the Bibliotheca Sacra, and various ser- 
 mons and addresses. 
 
 316 
 
DHECPA CULAW 
 
 MILTON VALENTINE, D.D., LL.D. Early in the critical period of the 
 Seminary’s life that followed upon the breach in the General Synod 
 and the establishment of a new seminary in Philadelphia, there came 
 to the Faculty a man who was destined to 
 spend just forty years, or one-half of his 
 life, with the institutions there, though only 
 twenty-one of those forty years were to be 
 spent in active connection with the Semi- 
 nary. This was Milton Valentine, beloved 
 as a Christian gentleman and distinguished 
 as a preacher, a teacher and a theologian. 
 
 Dr. Valentine was born January 1, 1825, 
 the son of Jacob and Rebecca Valentine. His 
 birthplace was near Uniontown, in Carroll 
 County, Maryland, only a few miles south 
 of Gettysburg. His early years were spent A 
 on his father’s farm. At the Taneytown pe rere 
 Academy he prepared for college. He gave 
 immediate evidence of intensive industry as a student. He entered the 
 College at Gettysburg in 1846 and graduated in 1850. His pastor, Rev. 
 Solomon Sentman, lent him the funds for his support while in College. 
 He was easily the leader among his fellow-students. 
 
 Upon his graduation from the College he entered the Seminary, at 
 the same time serving as a tutor in the Preparatory Department of the 
 College. He graduated from the Seminary in 1852 and was licensed by 
 the Maryland Synod. 
 
 His first work in the ministry was at Winchester, Virginia. Here 
 for nearly a year he supplied the pastorate of Dr. Charles Porterfield 
 Krauth during his absence in the West Indies. The next year, 1853-54, 
 he labored as a missionary pastor under Dr. Passavant at Allegheny. 
 Then he became the regular pastor at Greensburg, Pennsylvania, and so 
 a member of the Pittsburgh Synod. A year later he resigned the pas- 
 torate, owing to throat trouble, and took charge of Emmaus Institute, at 
 Middletown, Pennsylvania. For four years he remained at Middletown. 
 In 1859 he resumed pastoral duties and took charge of St. Matthew’s 
 Lutheran Church in Reading. At Reading he ministered with conspic- 
 uous success for seven years, and this was his only pastorate of any 
 length. 
 
 When Dr. Schaeffer withdrew from the Faculty of the Seminary 
 and became the head of a new theological seminary, the Gettysburg 
 Board proceeded not only to fill the vacancy but also to enlarge the 
 ‘Faculty by adding a fourth professor. This “energetic action,” it was 
 felt, was required by “the wants of the Institution and the necessities 
 of the Church.” The two men then elected to the Faculty were Dr. 
 
 317 
 
 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Valentine and Dr. Hay. Dr. Valentine took charge in the spring of 
 1866 as “Professor of Biblical and Ecclesiastical History.” After he 
 had served only two years in this capacity, the presidency of the Col- 
 lege was made vacant by the death of Dr. H. L. Baugher. The College 
 Board unanimously elected him president of the College. At first he de- 
 clined the call, because his work at the Seminary was very congenial 
 and his relations with Drs. Brown and Hay very happy; but when the 
 call was repeated and urged upon him, he accepted and began his work 
 as president in 1868. 
 
 For five years after taking charge at the College, Dr. Valentine 
 continued to instruct several hours each week at the Seminary, but in 
 1872 the College Board insisted upon his release from all duties at the 
 Seminary. The next year the Seminary Board elected him to the third 
 professorship in full. He was disposed to accept the call and sent his 
 resignation to the Trustees of the College. But he was afterwards in- 
 duced to withdraw his resignation and continue as president of the Col- 
 lege. However, his deep interest in the Seminary never abated, and 
 during the incapacity of Dr. Brown, 1879-81, he was induced again to 
 teach two hours a week in the Seminary. 
 
 For sixteen years. Dr. Valentine served as head of the College. 
 They were years of great internal growth. But Dr. Valentine was espe- 
 cially talented as a scholar and teacher rather than as an executive and 
 administrator. Those who went through the College during his admin- 
 istration remember him as a sympathetic friend and pastor of the stu- 
 dents, as a faithful and painstaking teacher, as a thoughtful and ornate 
 preacher, but chiefly as a scholar of gentle and retiring disposition, 
 studious habits, varied reading and untiring industry. 
 
 When, therefore, the Seminary in 1884 was called to mourn the pre- 
 mature death of Dr. Charles A. Stork and needed a new professor of 
 systematic theology, all eyes turned to Dr. Valentine, as the man best 
 qualified to fill the place. He had abundantly proved his fitness for this 
 great responsibility by his two years of regular service as a professor 
 and by seven years of special work as an instructor in the Seminary. 
 Accordingly, he was unanimously and enthusiastically elected by the 
 Board and at once accepted the call. In September, 1884, he entered 
 upon his long period of distinguished service to the Seminary, as a 
 worthy successor to Schmucker, Brown and Stork. It was the period of 
 his greatest usefulness to the Church. During this part of his life he 
 was easily the chief leader of theological thought in the General Synod. 
 Successive generations of students that passed under his instruction in 
 the class-room testify with enthusiasm to the deep inspiration they 
 gathered from him as.a teacher. All who came into touch with him 
 were impressed with his unfailing courtesy, his gentleness, and his saint- 
 liness. For nineteen years he filled this position of responsibility in the 
 
 318 
 
ee Ve TX: 
 
 Seminary, and then in 1993, because of the increasing infirmities of age 
 and particularly his impaired hearing, he retired from the teacher’s chaiz 
 and as professor emeritus of didactic theology gave himself entirely to 
 writing. After a very brief illness he passed away on Febzuary 7, 1906. 
 
 With his pen also Dr. Valentine accomplished a great service for the 
 Seminary and for the Church. It would be impossible here to recount 
 his contributions to papers, magazines, reviews, encyclopedias, and 
 learned publications of various sorts. With Dr. Brown he established 
 the Lutheran Quarterly in 1871, and for thirty-four years he was active 
 in its publication, either as chief editor or as associate editor. In addi- 
 tion to these incessant contributions to current theological literature he 
 was the author of four separate works. His volume on “Natural The- 
 ology” (1885) was the outgrowth of his class-room work in the Col- 
 lege. It was very cordially received and came to be widely used as a 
 College text-book. His work on “Theological Ethics” (1897) was also 
 the deposit of the class-room lectures. A book of sermons entitled 
 “Christian Faith and Life” (1898) has furnished the models for many 
 a Lutheran preacher. But his greatest work was published posthumously 
 and edited by his son, Dr. M. H. Valentine. It is called “Christian The- 
 ology” (1907) and consists of two stout volumes. It was the first 
 original and complete treatise on systematic theology from the Luth- 
 eran standpoint in the English language. 
 
 Dr. Valentine was a theologian. He not only taught theology but 
 himself theologized. He was conservative in temper, training and con- 
 viction, and this was reflected in his theology. He proceeded from the 
 principle of justification by faith alone and in his theologizing gathered 
 every article of the Christian system around this formative and vital 
 center. The department for which he probably had the greatest taste 
 was apologetics. It was his special calling to testify to the reality of 
 the Christian faith and to meet the arguments of current skepticism with 
 a treatment that thoroughly exposed their fallacies. He was a stout 
 advocate of the General Synod type of Lutheranism in America and 
 never looked with favor on any tendency to approach the stricter con- 
 fessional position of the General Council. Numerous articles in the 
 Lutheran Quarterly testify to his profound convictions and earnest zeal 
 in this matter. 
 
 If we take the College and the Seminary together, it may be said of 
 Dr. Milton Valentine that in the number of his years as well as the 
 prominence of his position he stands first and foremost in the entire 
 corps of educators who have made the scholarship of Gettysburg what 
 Tiss 
 
 Dr. Valentine was married December 18, 1855, to Miss Margaret G. 
 Galt of Taneytown, Maryland. They had four children, Rev. M. H. 
 Valentine, D.D., Sterling G. Valentine, Ph.D., Mrs. Edgar Grim Miller 
 
 319 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 and Mrs. Henry Siegrist. In 1866 he received the honorary degree of 
 Doctor of Divinity from Gettysburg College. Twenty years later he 
 received the further honor of a Doctorate of Laws from Wittenberg 
 
 College. 
 
 EDMUND JACOB WOLF, D.D., LL.D. Dr. Wolf was born in Brush Val- 
 ley near Rebersburg, Center County, Pennsylvania, on December 8, 
 1840. His parents were Jacob Wolf and Mary Gast. His early years 
 
 were spent on the farm where he was born. 
 
 After the usual course in the public school, he 
 
 attended academies at Aaronsburg and Mifflin- 
 
 burg. Left fatherless at twelve, he was thrown 
 upon his own resources for securing his edu- 
 cation. To fit himself for college, as well as 
 to secure funds, he taught for a few years in 
 the academy at Bellefonte. Then in 1860 he 
 entered the sophomore class in Gettysburg Col- 
 
 lege, graduating with the highest honor in 1863. 
 
 He enlisted with the company of students that 
 
 offered themselves for service at the time of 
 
 Lee’s invasion of Pennsylvania and served dur- 
 
 ing the emergency as a non-commissioned officer 
 
 in the 26th Regiment of Pennsylvania Militia. 
 
 Near the close of his college course he formed the purpose of enter- 
 ing the ministry. Accordingly, he entered the Seminary at Gettysburg 
 in the fall of 1863. A year later he went to Germany and spent two 
 semesters studying theology at the Universities of Tuebingen and Er- 
 langen. Licensed by the East Pennsylvania Synod in 1865, he accepted 
 a call to the Paradise (or Turbotville) charge in Northumberland 
 ‘County, Pennsylvania. Here he had the great benefit of the counsel of 
 the venerable Jacob Albert, who was living in retirement at Turbot- 
 ville. Here, too, he had the care of four congregations, widely sep- 
 arated, each requiring ministration in both English and German. So 
 the call to the Second Lutheran Church in Baltimore in 1868 was gladly 
 accepted, and for six years he labored in the big city. 
 
 Then came the call to the Seminary at Gettysburg. As early as 1871 
 he had been elected to the chair vacated by Dr. Valentine three years 
 before, but he had declined the call. Other men were chosen: Dr. 
 Sprecher, Dr. Valentine, Dr. L. E. Albert. Each in turn declined. 
 Finally at a special meeting of the Seminary Board in December, 1873, 
 Dr. Wolf was elected.again, and this time he was prevailed on to accept. 
 He removed to Gettysburg in 1874 and for the remaining thirty years 
 of his life gave his best efforts to the work of preparing young men 
 for the Gospel ministry. 
 
 
 
 Dr. WoLr 
 
 320 
 
SEH ACU Lay 
 
 When Dr. Wolf was called to the Seminary Faculty his department 
 was denominated “The Third Chair” or “The Chair of History.” Dur- 
 ing his incumbency, however, it soon developed into a chair of “‘Eccles- 
 iastical History and New Testament Exegesis.” This title indicates 
 the two lines of Dr. Wolf’s special studies as a professor. He was a 
 - forceful and prolific writer. For eighteen years (1880-1897) he was 
 associate editor of the Lutheran Quarterly. The contributions of his 
 pen are found not only in the journals of his own Church but also in 
 other religious and theological periodicals and encyclopedias. His first 
 and best known volume was his “Lutherans in America” (1889). It 
 rendered most important service in making our Church known in this 
 country and informing the various parts of the Church of their his- 
 torical relations. At the same time it established Dr. Wolf’s reputation 
 as an attractive writer. His next book was the volume in the Lutheran 
 Commentary covering the “Pastoral Epistles and Hebrews” (1897). 
 It was one of the most worthy contributions to that series and thousands 
 have been edified and instructed by its pages. Just before his death ap- 
 peared a large volume of more than 900 pages entitled “An Exposition 
 of the Gospels of the Church Year on the Basis of Nebe” (1900). 
 Posthumously there was published a volume of his sermons, addresses 
 and articles, entitled “The Higher Rock” (1905). If his scattered con- 
 tributions to reviews, encyclopedias, and church papers were brought 
 together, they would fill several additional volumes. 
 
 Dr. Wolf was always active in the general work of the Church. 
 He was often called to serve on important committees in district 
 synods, and in the General Synod. He was a loyal member of the 
 General Synod, but his wide contacts with men and especially his his- 
 torical point of view gave him a better understanding and more sense 
 of fellowship with Lutherans outside of the General Synod than most 
 of his colleagues had. He was known as one of the more conservative 
 men in the General Synod, conservative both in his theology and in his 
 ecclesiasticism, and this at times involved him in spirited controversy 
 with his colleagues at Gettysburg. He was chairman of the Joint 
 Committee of the General Synod, the General Council and the United 
 Synod South that made the Common Service and afterwards prepared 
 the book of Ministerial Acts. He several times represented the Lutheran 
 Church on inter-denominational committees. He was one of the most 
 widely known Lutheran clergymen in America and was always in de- 
 mand as preacher and lecturer. At the meeting of the General Synod 
 that preceded his death he was elected to the presidency of that body, 
 and he is said to have prized that honor above all others that came 
 to him. 
 
 The chief fruit of Dr. Wolf’s labors, however, must be found not 
 in his work as preacher, nor in his work as author, nor in his work 
 
 321 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 as churchman. It must be found in his work as teacher, He was a 
 teacher in the Seminary during the period when it had its largest num- 
 ber of students. Not less than five hundred candidates for the ministry 
 came under his tutelage during the thirty years of his work as pro- 
 fessor. Not one of them failed to feel the molding influence that he 
 exerted from the teacher’s chair. A life-long student himself and al- 
 ways exceedingly diligent in his preparation for the class-room, he was 
 a source of deep inspiration to those who sat at his feet. A forceful 
 personality, firm in his convictions, incisive and often pungent in his 
 language, he made an indelible impress upon his students. The writer 
 of these lines, though he sat under Dr. Wolf’s teaching only for the 
 four months preceding his death, gladly acknowledges him the most in- 
 spiring teacher of the many he has had. 
 
 Dr. Wolf was a member of several learned societies and received 
 various academic honors. Franklin and Marshall College bestowed upon 
 him the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1876, and Wittenberg College 
 the degree of Doctor of Laws in 1901. 
 
 In December, 1865, immediately after his first call to a pastorate, 
 Dr. Wolf was happily married to Miss Ella Kemp of Edgehill, Mary- 
 land. Their home in Gettysburg as elsewhere was noted for its air of 
 culture and hospitality. Six of their children were called from earth 
 during Dr. Wolf’s life-time and his heart bent low in mourning. He 
 himself was cut off from his labors for his Church and his Seminary 
 while still in the height of his usefulness and vigor. He died on Jan- 
 uary 10, 1905, deeply mourned by the Seminary community and by the 
 entire Church. He was survived by Mrs. Wolf, one son, Robbin B. 
 Wolf, Esquire, and two daughters, Mrs. Huber Gray Buehler, and Mrs. 
 Warren Hoysradt. 
 
 CHARLES AUGUSTUS STORK, D.D. Dr. Charles A. Stork was the third 
 of that name in the ministry of the Lutheran Church in this country. 
 His grandfather, Charles Augustus Stork (Storch) came from Germany 
 in 1788. He was noted for his fervent piety and his great activity in 
 the ministry. He was one of the organizers and the first president of 
 the North Carolina Synod in 1803. The father of the subject of our 
 sketch was Theophilus Stork. He occupied prominent positions in the 
 ministry, particularly at St. Matthew’s in Philadelphia, as president at 
 Newberry, and at St. Mark’s in Baltimore. Thus worthily descended, 
 Charles A. Stork added new luster to the honored name of his fathers. 
 It is greatly to be regretted that his years were cut so short and that only 
 two of them could be devoted directly to the work of our Seminary. 
 
 Dr. Stork was born September 4, 1838, at the home of his maternal 
 grandfather, William Lynch, Esq., near Jefferson, Frederick County, 
 Maryland. His father, Theophilus Stork, was then pastor at Winchester, 
 
 322 
 
PD Ae ERY 
 
 Virginia. His mother was Mary Jane Lynch Stork. When Charles 
 was three years old his father was called to Philadelphia and there he 
 spent his early boyhood. At the age of 1A 
 
 eight he was sent to a school kept by Rev. ee: Pm» 
 Lewis Eichelberger at Winchester. Here he ; 
 received the rudiments of his education. 
 While yet a mere lad of thirteen he was 
 entered as a pupil in the preparatory acad- 
 emy at Gettysburg. But the next year, 
 1852, his father removed him from the Get- 
 tysburg school and sent him with some other 
 Philadelphia boys to Hartwick Seminary in 
 New York, where the classical department 
 at that time was conducted by Dr. G. B. 
 Miller. Here he remained for two years, 
 boarding in the family of Dr. Miller, and 
 here in December, 1853, at a cottage prayer- 
 meeting, he was converted to Christ and joined the Lutheran Church. 
 
 His college course he took at Williams College. Here, as at Hart- 
 wick, he gave clear evidence of very unusual qualities of mind and heart. 
 His room-mate at college was James A. Garfield. Under the influence 
 of the deep religious interest prevailing at Williams, young Stork decided 
 to study for the ministry. Accordingly, upon his graduation from the 
 College in 1857 he went to Andover Seminary. He was a very diligent 
 student and a voluminous reader, and he completed the course at And- 
 over in 1859, being only twenty-one years old. 
 
 At this time Theophilus Stork became the president of Newberry 
 college. He took Charles along as professor of Greek. The young 
 man had been a hard student of languages for years and was thoroughly 
 familiar with them. But the sojourn in Newberry was very brief. The 
 outbreak of the Civil War compelled the Northern professors to leave 
 the South. Young Stork’s eyes had been injured by hard study and he 
 was incuced to go to Berlin for special treatment. Six months later he 
 returned, completely cured, and then for some months served as pastor 
 of St. James’ Lutheran Mission in Philadelphia. In 1862 he was called 
 to be his father’s assistant at St. Mark’s in Baltimore. His duties were 
 not heavy and he spent most of his time during the next three years 
 in reading and study. When his father resigned the pastorate in 1865 
 and returned to Philadelphia, Charles was at once chosen as his suc- 
 cessor, and as full pastor of St. Mark’s, Baltimore, he served for 
 seventeen years. He soon gained a high reputation as an able preacher 
 and a conscientious pastor. He was rather studious and scholarly than 
 sociable, but his fervent piety and his profound intellect gained for him 
 the affection and admiration of all his people. 
 
 323 
 
 
 
 Dr. StTorK 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 One year after he had become full pastor in Baltimore, he was 
 elected to the Graeff Professorship of English Language and Literature 
 in the College at Gettysburg, but he promptly declined the call. However, 
 his colleagues in the ministry regarded him as specially qualified to teach, 
 and in 1868 he was elected to the professorship in the Seminary made 
 vacant by Dr. Valentine’s resignation. He was asked to teach New 
 Testament exegesis and Church history. But again, after some consid- 
 eration, he decided to remain in the pastorate. For some weeks during 
 the winter of 1873-74, he delivered a course of lectures on history to 
 the Seminary students, spending several days each week in Gettysburg. 
 
 During his pastorate at St. Mark’s, however, he was disabled by 
 a disease of the throat to which he seems to have been predisposed by 
 inheritance from his father. His physician insisted that he suspend his 
 preaching and spend a winter abroad. In 1874 he went to Europe and 
 spent nearly a year there, chiefly in Egypt. He returned to his pulpit 
 in Baltimore, greatly relieved but not entirely cured. The old malady 
 returned and for weeks in succession he was obliged to be absent from 
 his pulpit. During these periods he wrote articles for the church papers 
 and reviews, and the scholarly character of these writings won him much 
 applause. 
 
 When the chair of didactic theology at the Gettysburg Seminary was 
 vacated by the resignation of Dr. Brown in 1881, Dr. Stork was again 
 called to that Faculty, this time to teach systematic theology and to be 
 the head of the school. He was constrained to accept the call and 
 entered on his new duties in October, 1881. His inaugural address on 
 “Advance in Theology” clearly indicated the Christocentric character 
 of his theologizing, and at the same time marked him as belonging to 
 the General Synod type of Lutheranism. He delighted his students with 
 his methods and impressed them all with his intellectual power, but he 
 had scarcely more than settled into the routine of the new work when 
 the throat trouble again assumed a serious form, and from time to time 
 he was disabled from lecturing to his classes. After less than two years 
 in the service of the Seminary he was compelled to abandon the work 
 entirely. Change of atmosphere, medical attention, rest—all proved 
 unavailing. The end came quickly and he passed away in Philadelphia, 
 December 17, 1883, at the early age of forty-five. It was a matter of 
 profound grief to the students and Directors and all the friends of the 
 Seminary that such eminent talents could not be used in the service of 
 the Seminary for a longer period. 
 
 Dr. Stork was married in 1862, shortly after his settlement in Balti- 
 more, to Miss Maria H. Ellis of Andover, Massachusetts. Two of 
 their children died in childhood and two of them, a son and a daughter, 
 survived Dr. Stork. The College at Gettysburg conferred on him the 
 honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1874. 
 
 324 
 
LHe FACUL LY 
 
 JAMES WILLIAM RICHARD, D.D., LL.D. Until 1888 the Faculty of the 
 Seminary consisted of three professors, but that year a committee of 
 the Board of Directors, with Dr. F. W. Conrad as chairman, reported 
 that sufficient funds had been secured to 
 maintain a fourth professor. Accordingly the 
 Board proceeded to elect an additional pro- 
 fessor and Dr. J. W. Richard of Spring- 
 field, Ohio, was chosen. He entered upon 
 his duties in January, 1889, as “Elizabeth 
 G-aff Professor of Homiletics and Ecclesi- 
 astical Theology,’ and for twenty years he 
 was one of the most dynamic personalities 
 connected with the institution. 
 
 Dr. Richard was born near Winchester, 
 Virginia, February 14, 1843. His ancestors 
 were frontier German farmers. His father, 
 Henry P. Richard, and his mother, Margaret Dr. RICHARD 
 Rosenberger, were strong personalities and 
 in spite of their surroundings were outspoken in their opposition to seces- 
 sion from the Union. James William as a boy was strong of body, in- 
 dependent in thought, and devoutly religious. He soon showed a love 
 for study and early dedicated himself to the ministry. At the age of 
 eighteen he went to Roanoke College, where he spent the academic 
 year of 1861-2. The next year he studied under John Marvin in his 
 private school at Winchester. Then he taught a year in the public 
 school of Bloomery, Hampshire County, West Virginia. In the fall 
 of 1864 he resolved to go North to pursue his education. Flanking the 
 armies, he reached the Potomac, crossed into Maryland, and taught near 
 Hagerstown until the spring of 1865. Then he entered the freshman 
 class at Gettysburg College, from which he graduated with the class of 
 1868. Three years were then spent in the Gettysburg Seminary. Dur- 
 ing a part of his Seminary course he served as tutor in the Preparatory 
 Academy. Throughout his student career he gave abundant evidence 
 of unusual zeal and capacity for study. 
 
 He was licensed by the West Pennsylvania Synod in 1870. His first 
 and only charge was at Empire, Illinois, where he began work in June, 
 1871. He was ordained by the Northern Illinois Synod. After only two 
 years in the pastorate he was called to Carthage College in 1873 as 
 professor of Latin and history. This was the beginning of his long 
 career as a teacher. During his ten years at Carthage he devoted much 
 time also to the study of Church history and Greek. At the same time 
 he began to take an active part in the general work of the Church. In 
 1879 he was secretary of the General Synod. 
 
 S20 
 
 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 From. 1883 to 1885 he was secretary of the Board of Church Ex- 
 tension. This position necessitated much traveling. But Dr. Richard 
 was specially qualified to teach, and in 1885 he took up professorial work 
 again, this time as the Culler Professor of Sacred Philology at Witten- 
 berg Seminary. From there he came to Gettysburg in 1889. He had 
 now reached the full maturity of his powers and at Gettysburg he made 
 his chief contributions to the Church. The degree of Doctor of Divinity 
 was conferred on him by Gettysburg College in 1886, and that of Doc- 
 tor of Laws by the same institution in 1903. 
 
 Dr. Richard was an inspiring teacher, an indefatigable student, and 
 a voluminous writer. His inaugural address dealt with the subject 
 “The Christian Pulpit: Its Theme, Its End, and Its Purpose.” His 
 interest in homiletics soon took a secondary place beside his interest 
 in ecclesiastical theology, the other title of his chair. He had acquired 
 great facility with Greek and Latin and German, and so was able to go 
 to the sources of Lutheran theology. He was in constant close touch 
 with German scholarship and made several trips to the Fatherland for 
 the purpose of studying the sources and acquiring materials for study 
 at home. For many years he was librarian of the Seminary Library and 
 as such he procured a large number of rare and valuable works for our 
 collection. The year before his death he announced to the Board of 
 Directors that the Seminary Library, together with his private lib-ary, 
 was the completest collection in America of literature on Lutheran 
 historical and symbolical theology—one of the finest, indeed, in the 
 whole world. His private library, since his death, has been incorporated 
 in the Seminary Library. He mastered the subjects that he taught and 
 consequently he spoke and wrote in tones of authority. His own rest- 
 less industry and depth of research were the constant admiration ana 
 inspiration of his students. His thoroughness and accuracy as a scholar 
 received wide recognition not only within our own Church but also 
 among other denominations. 
 
 The correctness of his reasoning and his interpretation of facts was 
 often disputed. The aggressiveness of his personality, his uncompromis- 
 ing loyalty to his convictions, and the fact that the subjects he taught 
 were frequently in debate, brought it about that he was deeply involved 
 in the controversies of his times. He never feared to enter into debate, 
 oral or written, with those who differed with him and during his last 
 years he was easily the foremost among the defenders of the General 
 Synod and her type of Lutheranism. Many spirited articles on this 
 subject came from his facile pen. In liturgics he opposed both a barren 
 non-liturgical service and an ultra-liturgical service. He fought vigor- 
 ously against the Common Service as it was adopted by the general 
 bodies. In symbolics he advocated the sufficiency of the Augsburg Con- 
 fession which he styled “the symbol of Lutheran catholicity” and com- 
 
 326 
 
THE BAGCUL TW, 
 
 batted subscription to the Book of Concord, which he called “the symbol 
 of Lutheran particularity.” These positions he championed with all the 
 intensity of his nature, and naturally his air of militancy aroused antag- 
 onisms against him. But his most spirited opponents would never ques- 
 tion his depth of learning or his splendid and abiding contribution to 
 American Lutheran scholarship. 
 
 Dr. Richard wrote extensively. No less than sixty-five extended 
 articles from his pen can be counted on the pages of the theological 
 magazines from 1875 to 1909. Most of these are to be found in the 
 Lutheran Quarterly, of which he was associate editor during the last ten 
 years of his life. We mention as particularly worthy contributions his 
 three articles on “Melanchthon and the Augsburg Confession” (1897-8), 
 his four articles on ‘Luther and the Augsburg Confession” (1899-1900), 
 his three articles on “The Formative Principle of Protestantism” (1902), 
 his two articles on ‘The Doctrine of Justification in Its Relations” 
 (1902-3), his three articles on “The Two Theologies of the Reforma- 
 tion” (1903), and his five articles on “The Old Lutheran Doctrine of 
 Free-Will” (1905, 1907). 
 
 In addition to his contributions to periodical literature we have three 
 volumes that he wrote. The first is his ‘Christian Worship: Its Prin- 
 ciples and Forms.” This was written in conjunction with Dr. F. V. N. 
 Painter. It appeared first in 1892 and in a second edition in 1908. It 
 is a history of worship in the various parts of the Christian Church 
 and a special analysis of Lutheran forms and movements in worship. 
 His second volume is his “Philip Melanchthon, the Protestant Preceptor 
 of Germany.” This appeared in 1898 as one of the volumes in Put- 
 nam’s “Heroes of the Reformation.’ By some it has been pronounced 
 the most scholarly volume in the series. His third separate volume was 
 his “Confessional History of the Lutheran Church.” This was going 
 through the press at the time of his death. It is his greatest work and 
 the stately volume of more than six hundred pages embodies the chief 
 results of many years of study on the subject. Unfortunately his sud- 
 den death precluded the preparation of a bibliography, but the copious 
 and learned footnotes indicate the wide extent of his research. 
 
 Dr. Richard was twice married. On June 19, 1873, at Sterling, 
 Illinois, he married Miss M. E. Tressler, daughter of the Colonel Tress- 
 ler who founded the Orphans’ Home at Loysville, Pennsylvania. She 
 died in 1889 at Gettysburg, shortly after he became a professor in the 
 Seminary. In March, 1891, he married Miss Marie E. Coffinberry, of 
 Constantine, Michigan, who survived him. 
 
 His death on March 7, 1909, after an illness of less than a week, was 
 the result of uremic poisoning. He was only sixty-six years old and 
 was still in the full flush of his intellectual powers and his literary pro- 
 ductiveness. His sudden and untime!y end, therefore, made a deep-felt 
 
 327 
 
HISTORY. OF GETTYSBURG) SEMINARY 
 
 gap not only in the Seminary Faculty but also in the aggressive forces 
 of the Lutheran Church in general. 
 
 THOMAS CHARLES BILLHEIMER, D.D. The twelfth name on the list 
 of those who have served the Seminary as professors is that of Dr. 
 Billheimer. He came to Gettysburg in 1893 as the successor of Dr. 
 
 Hay and for eighteen years he filled the chair 
 of Hebrew and Old Testament exegesis. He 
 will long be remembered by that generation of 
 students as a patient drill-master of Hebrew 
 and as a intimate friend and counsellor of the 
 students. 
 
 Thomas Charles Billheimer was born at 
 Hellertown in Northampton County, Pennsyl- 
 vania, October 11, 1842. His parents were 
 Jesse Billheimer and Julia Ann Boehm. His 
 father was a descendant of Christian Bill- 
 heimer, who emigrated from Wuertemberg in 
 1764. His mother was the granddaughter of 
 Rev. John Philip Boehm, a minister of the Re- 
 formed Church, who came from the city of 
 Worms and arrived in America in 3721. By his mother, Thomas 
 Charles was early dedicated to the Christian ministry. But she died 
 when the boy was only eight years old, and he was reared by his 
 maternal grandparents, who lived near Bethlehem. His boyhood he 
 spent on a farm, attending a country school during the winter months. 
 Then he was apprenticed to a stone-cutter at Washington, New Jersey, 
 and while here he became conscious of the inner call to the ministry. 
 
 His education was secured under great difficulty. He first took up 
 his residence at Easton, Pennsylvania. There under the direction of the 
 beloved Dr. Emanuel Greenwald he prepared for college. He entered 
 Gettysburg College during the second term of the freshman year in 
 1862. His college course was much interrupted by the Civil War. Dr. 
 Billheimer was always an ardent patriot and already in 1863 as a col- 
 lege student, when Lee invaded Pennsylvania, he enlisted with a number 
 of his fellow students in the 26th Emergency Regiment of Pennsylvania 
 Militia. He served as steward under the Christian Commission at City 
 Point, Virginia, in 1864. Returning to college he graduated in 1865 with 
 second honor and with the distinction of appointment as Greek orator. 
 Two years were then spent in the Seminary at Gettysburg. Graduating 
 from the Seminary in 1867 he was licensed by the East Pennsylvania 
 Synod in the fall of that year and took up his first pastoral charge at 
 Watsontown, Pennsylvania. He was ordained by the Susquehanna 
 
 328 
 
 
 
 Dr. BILLHEIMER 
 
THE FACULTY 
 
 Synod, April 27, 1868. His record in the ministry was one of constant 
 promotion. He was an eloquent preacher and a sound expositor of God's 
 Word. He was also a faithful and sympathetic pastor and his amiabil- 
 ity won him many friends wherever he lived. 
 
 After little more than a year at Watsontown he accepted a call to 
 Shippensburg, Pennsylvania. Here he remained for six years. From 
 1874 to 1877 he served as pastor of Messiah Lutheran Church in Alle- 
 gheny, Pennsylvania. His last and longest pastorate was St. Matthew’s 
 in Reading, where he ministered. from 1877 to 1893. Then came the 
 call to Gettysburg Seminary. 
 
 He had been active in the general work of the Church and had fre- 
 quently represented his Synod at the meetings of the General Synod. 
 He had delivered the annual address before the Alumni Association of 
 the Seminary in 1881. His Alma Mater had made express recognition of 
 his abilities in 1886 by bestowing on him the honorary degree of Doctor 
 of Divinity. He had served for a number of years as a member of the 
 Seminary Board of Directors and so was well acquainted with the needs 
 of the institution. He had been the Holman Lecturer on the Augsburg 
 Confession in 1890. He had attained eminence as a preacher and 
 pastor and had continued his studies of Hebrew and Old Testament 
 subjects. When, therefore, a successor to Dr. Hay was sought in 1893, 
 the Directors chose Dr. Billheimer. 
 
 Coming to Gettysburg in the fall of 1893 he filled the chair of 
 Hebrew and Old Testament exegesis until 1911, when he retired because 
 of the advancing infirmities of age. For nearly twelve years more he 
 was professor emeritus. On February 10, 1923, at the ripe age of 
 four-score years, he passed peacefully away. 
 
 Dr. Billheimer was for eleven years (1898-1908) on the editorial 
 staff of the Lutheran Quarterly, to which he made various contributions. 
 For twenty years he was a member of the Board of Trustees of Gettys- 
 burg College, and for twenty-three years a member of the Lutheran 
 Board of Publication of the General Synod. He had visited Palestine 
 and Egypt and was much sought after as a lecturer on those countries. 
 He held the chaplaincy of the Fourth Regiment of the National Guard 
 of Pennsylvania for twelve years and the chaplaincy of the Gettysburg 
 Post of the Grand Army of the Republic for several terms. 
 
 He was married December 31, 18677 to Miss Emma C. Ziegler, of 
 York, Pennsylvania, daughter of Rev. Jacob Ziegler, former pastor of 
 the Refozmed church in Gettysburg. Five sons were born to them. 
 Mrs. Billheimer and three sons survive: the Rev. Stanley Billheimer, 
 D.D., J. Edward Billheimer, and Prof. Albert Billheimer, Ph.D., pro- 
 fessor of Greek in Gettysburg College. 
 
 329 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 JOHN ALDEN SINGMASTER, D.D., LL.D. Dr. John Alden Singmaster, 
 Henry Singmaster Professor of Systematic Theology and President of 
 the Gettysburg Theological Seminary, passed peacefully to his eternal rest 
 
 on Saturday morning, February 27, 1926. Though 
 
 in his seventy-fourth year he was apparently in 
 full vigor of health when on Monday night, 
 
 February 22, he suffered an apoplectic seizure 
 
 and never fully regained consciousness. 
 
 Dr. Singmaster was born at Macung‘%e, Pa., 
 August 31, 1852, the son of James Singmaster 
 and his wife, Sarah Ann Mattern. On his 
 father’s side he was descended from the Rev. 
 Dr. Jacob Van Buskirk, who was_ probably 
 the first Lutheran minister born in America. 
 Family records show that one member of the 
 Singmaster (formerly Zangmeister) family 
 was a student under Martin Luther and Philip 
 Melanchthon at Wittenberg. 
 
 After attending the public schools at Macungie and the State Normal 
 School at Millersville, Dr. Singmaster came to Gettysburg, graduating 
 from the College in 1873 and from the Seminary in 1876. Ordained 
 by the East Pennsylvania Synod in 1876, he served four pastorates: 
 Schuylkill Haven, Pa., 1876-1882; Lyons and Macungie, Pa., 1882-1886; 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., 1887-1890; and St. Paul’s, Allentown, Pa., 1890-1909. 
 For forty-eight years he was a member of the East Pennsylvania Synod, 
 its President for three years (1897-1899) ; its Secretary for two years 
 (1880-1881) ; and its Treasurer for three years (1893-1895); and free 
 quently its representative in the General Synod. 
 
 The Lutheran Church in general he served in many ways; as Presi- 
 dent of the General Synod from 1915 to 1917; as a member of the com- 
 mittee that prepared the constitution of the United Lutheran Church; 
 as a member of thea Ways and Means Committee that planned the mer- 
 ger of general bodies in 1918; as a member of the Common Service 
 Committee for twenty-five years, and its chairman for twenty years; as 
 a member of the Deaconess Board for several years; and as a member 
 of the Board of Foreign Missions for twenty-five years. 
 
 His most important work for the Church was done through his con- 
 nection with the Seminary. He was an active member of the Board of 
 Directors from 1894 until 1900, when he accepted a call to the newly 
 established chair of Biblical Theology. For several years he was also 
 the financial secretary of the institution. In 1903 he succeeded Dr. Val- 
 entine as Professor of Systematic Theology and Chairman of the Fac- 
 ulty, and three years later he was chosen the first President of the Sem- 
 inary. In addition to his professorial and executive duties he was instru- 
 
 330 
 
 
 
 Dr. SINGMASTER 
 
DTHESRACULRY 
 
 mental in raising about $300,000 for the payment of old debts, for the 
 erection of new buildings and for endowment. 
 
 Dr. Singmaster was active also in contributing to periodical Church 
 literature. For twenty years (1891-1911) he wrote for the Lutheran 
 Observer a weekly page of exegetical comments on the Sunday school 
 lessons, a total of more than one thousand pages. He became one of 
 the editors of the Lutheran Quarterly in 1905, its senior editor in 1909, 
 and twenty-nine articles in that journal are from his pen. Since the for- 
 mation of the United Lutheran Church he has been Chairman of. its 
 Church Paper Committee and. has contributed a large number of book 
 reviews to the Lutheran and the Lutheran Quarterly. 
 
 In civic affairs also Dr. Singmaster found time to participate actively. 
 In Allentown he organized the hospital and was president of its Board 
 until his removal to Gettysburg. At Gettysburg he was the organizer 
 and first president of the Civic Nursing Association and of the Annie 
 M. Warner Hospital of Adams County. He was chairman of the local 
 committee to plan for the commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of 
 the Battle of Gettysburg in 1913. 
 
 From Gettysburg College he received the degree of Doctor of Divin- 
 ity in 1894 and that of Doctor of Laws in 1920. He was a member 
 of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity and an honorary charter member of 
 the Iota Chapter of Pennsylvania Phi Beta Kappa at the College. 
 
 This brief sketch outlines the busy life and abundant labors of a 
 fruitful ministry of fifty years. Dr. Singmaster’s was a wide range of 
 usefulness. The supply of ministers was the cause nearest his heart. 
 His versatility afforded him many opportunities for service in the King- 
 dom of God, and his untiring energy crowned his labors with much 
 fruit. His deep faith in God made him an optimist concerning the 
 future—the future of the Church which he loved and the future of 
 the Seminary which he served so long and so well. 
 
 Dr. Singmaster was most happy in his domestic life. He was mar- 
 ried to Miss Caroline Hoopes at St. Matthew’s Lutheran Church, Phila- 
 delphia, November 1, 1877. She survives him with five children: James 
 Arthur Singmaster, of Bronxville, N. Y.; Elsie Singmaster Lewars, of 
 Gettysburg; John Howard Singmaster, of Macungie, Pa.; Edmund 
 Hoopes Singmaster, of Philadelphia; and Paul Singmaster, of Williams- 
 port, Pa. He is also survived by four grandsons and a sister, Mrs. Ella 
 S. Weaver, of Macungie. 
 
 LUTHER KUHLMAN, D.D. Dr. Kuhlman was born at New Centerville, 
 Somerset County, Pennsylvania, November 8, 1851, the son of Rev. 
 J. Frederick and Louisa (Smith) Kuhlman. Having lost his mother in 
 his infancy the impressionable years of childhood and youth were 
 spent in the home of his paternal grandparents. 
 
 331 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 He passed through the common schools and a normal school, and at the 
 age of seventeen began to teach school in Somerset County. Then seven 
 years were spent with his father, who was the 
 home missionary of the Alleghany Synod in 
 Nebraska. Three of these years were spent in 
 teaching. Then for two years Dr. Kuhlman 
 was a student in the University of Nebraska, 
 of which he was a charter student. 
 
 Dr. Kuhlman entered the freshman class of 
 the College at Gettysburg in 1876 and grad- 
 uated in 1879 as valedictorian of his class. His 
 course in theology was taken at the Gettysburg 
 Seminary under Drs. Brown, Hay, Wolf and 
 Stork. 
 
 He was licensed by the Alleghany Synod in 
 1881 and ordained by the same body in 1882. 
 He served the following pastorates: Jenners- 
 town, Pennsylvania, 1882-1884; Second Lutheran Church in Baltimore, 
 1884-1888 ; Frederick, Maryland, 1888-1903; and Boiling Springs, Penn- 
 sylvania, 1920-1922. 
 
 For thirteen years, from 1903 to 1916, Dr. Kuhlman filled the chair 
 of Biblical theology at the Seminary. This position he resigned to be- 
 
 
 
 Dr. KUHLMAN 
 
 come the field secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions. For thirty- 
 two years he had been a member of the Board of Foreign Missions and 
 for nineteen years its president. As field secretary of that Board he 
 labored for three years. 
 
 In 1910 Dr. Kuhlman was chosen by the Board of Foreign Missions 
 one of the four General Synod delegates to the World Missionary Con- 
 ference at Edinburgh, Scotland. He took advantage of this opportunity 
 to visit the principal Luther places in Germany, the chief missions of the 
 Near East, and the main points of interest in the Holy Land and Egypt. 
 
 Dr. Kuhlman was president of the Maryland Synod in 1892 and was 
 always prominent in the work of that body and of the General Synod. 
 He has been the secretary of the General Synod since 1922. He is an 
 honorary member of the lota Chapter of Pennsylvania Phi Beta Kappa. 
 
 In 1882, at Gettysburg, Dr. Kuhlman was united in marriage with 
 Alice Louise Warren. Since 1922 they have been living in retirement at 
 Gettysburg. 
 
 MELANCHTHON COOVER, D.D., LL.D. Melanchthon Coover was born 
 in Yoder Township, adjacent to Johnstown, Pennsylvania, March 26, 
 332 
 
HEPA GU TY 
 
 1861, the son of Jacob and Ann Margaret (Lindsay-Teeter) Coover. He 
 served as a clerk and bookkeeper in the superintendent’s office of the 
 Cambria Iron & Steel Company, 1874-1883. 
 
 After private preparation under a tutor 
 he entered Pennsylvania College in 1883 and 
 was graduated with first honor in the class 
 of 1887. He graduated from the Theolog- 
 ical Seminary of the General Synod, Gettys- 
 burg, 1890; was licensed to preach by the 
 Alleghany Synod, 1889, and ordained by the 
 East Pennsylvania Synod, 1890. He re- 
 ceived the degree of Master of Arts from 
 Gettysburg College in 1890, Doctor of D1- 
 vinity from Franklin and Marshall College 
 in 1905, Doctor of Laws from Gettysburg 
 College in 1922; member of the Phi Gamma 
 Delta fraternity, honorary member of the 
 Iota Chapter of Pennsylvania Phi Beta Kappa and member of the So- 
 ciety of Biblical Literature and Exegesis. 
 
 He was married to Lucy May Moses, daughter of Andrew J. and 
 Sarah Smith Moses, September 3, 1891. They have two children: Don- 
 ald Bruce, graduate of Pennsylvania College in 1913, of University of 
 Pennsylvania Medical Department in 1917, physician, New Cumberland, 
 Pennsylvania; and Margaret Hoffman, graduate of Wilson College in 
 1915, wife of Rev. Howard R. Gold, New Rochelle, New York. 
 
 Dr. Coover served as tutor in (Stevens Hall) the Preparatory De- 
 partment of Pennsylvania College 1887-1890; was pastor of St. Paul’s, 
 Ardmore, Pennsylvania, 1890-1901; Christ (College) Church, Gettys- 
 burg, Pennsylvania, 1901-1904; assistant professor to Dr. Eli H. Huber, 
 Department of English Bible, Pennsylvania College, one semester 1904; 
 full professor of the English Bible, and chaplain in same institution 
 1904-1905; professor of New Testament exegesis and Church history in 
 the Theological Seminary, Gettysburg, 1905-1916; professor of New 
 Testament language, literature and theology in same institution, 1916 
 to 1926; lecturer on the Holman Foundation of the Augsburg Confes- 
 sion, Article XVIII, 1906; department editor of Current English Religious 
 Thought, Lutheran Quarterly, 1901-1906; contributor of various articles 
 to same magazine, 1900-1914; member of the Board of Directors of the 
 Lutheran Publication Society of the General Synod, 1908-1915; member 
 of the American Section of the International Sunday School Lesson 
 Committee, 1908-1914; delegate to World’s International Sunday School 
 Convention, 1913, Zurich, Switzerland; author of article on Liturgics of 
 the Sunday School, in the Encyclopedia of Sunday Schools and Re- 
 ligious Education; The Tempted Messiah; Peter’s Confession and Keys, 
 
 333 
 
 
 
 Dr. CoovER 
 
HISTORY’ OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1909, Lutheran Publication House; Quest and Query: A Book of Verse, 
 Badger, the Gorham Press, Boston, 1924. 
 
 JACOB ABRAHAM CLUTZ, D.D., LL.D. Dr. Clutz’s career embraces 
 such a wide variety of usefulness, such a large number of responsible 
 positions occupied, and such a long period of faithful service for the 
 
 Lord, as would be difficult to parallel in the 
 
 whole Lutheran Church in America. 
 
 He was born January 5, 1848, in the 
 southern part of Adams County, not far 
 from Gettysburg, the son of Henry and 
 Hannah (Buffington) Clutz. His education 
 was begun in the public schools of his native 
 county and during the winter of 1862-63 he 
 attended a private academy in Taneytown. 
 After two years in the Preparatory Depart- 
 ment of Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg 
 and four years in the College itself, he grad- 
 uated with the class of 1869. Three years 
 later he graduated from the Seminary at 
 Gettysburg, his class being the first to enjoy 
 the advantages of the full three years’ course. He was licensed by the 
 Maryland Synod in 1871 and ordained by the same body the next year. 
 
 His first pastorate was Zion Lutheran Church at Newville, Penn- 
 sylvania, where he remained only fifteen months. In October, 1873, 
 he took charge of St. Paul’s Lutheran Church in Baltimore. This 
 was then a mission church and Dr. Clutz was its first pastor. 
 
 His active interest in the general body of Lutherans began in 1877, 
 when he was a delegate to the General Synod at its meeting at Carth- 
 age, Illinois. At this meeting the location of the Board of Foreign 
 Missions was changed from New York to Baltimore, and Dr. Clutz was 
 appointed as one of the members of the Board. When the new Board 
 was organized he was elected its corresponding secretary, a position 
 which was then equivalent to that of executive secretary. In this ca- 
 pacity he served more than seven years, doing the work in connection 
 with his pastoral work in St. Paul’s. 
 
 As secretary of the Foreign Mission Board he took the initiative in 
 the founding of the Lutheran Missionary Journal, which rendered such 
 valuable service to the Church for so many years as the official organ 
 of the benevolent boards of the Church. From 1883 to 1889 he served 
 as editor of the Home Mission Department of this magazine. 
 
 In 1873, when he first came to Baltimore, Dr. Clutz assisted also in 
 the organizing of the Children’s Foreign Missionary Society, and served 
 as its treasurer for a number of years, until the management was turned 
 
 334 
 
 
 
 Dre Cre Tz. 
 
He PACU al ye 
 
 over to the Board of Foreign Missions itself. In this way he was partly 
 instrumental in the sending of the Rev. Adam Rowe to India. 
 
 In 1883 Dr. Clutz was elected general secretary of the Board of 
 Home Missions, and to accept this office laid down the pastorate in 
 Baltimore. As the head of the Home Mission Board he served for six 
 years, that is, until August 1, 1889. Then he became the first president 
 of Midland College at Atchison, Kansas. This same year his alma 
 mater at Gettysburg honored him with the degree of Doctor of Divin- 
 ity. He was president of Midland College for fifteen years, until Feb- 
 ruary 1, 1904. He was chiefly instrumental in inducing the Board of 
 Education to open in 1893 a theological department in connection with 
 the College and he arranged the curriculum and presided over its in- 
 terests in its infancy. Two years later this was expanded into the West- 
 ern Theological Seminary, and Dr. Clutz served as professor of hom- 
 iletics and Christian ethics in connection with his College duties until 
 1904. During these ten years he also acted as supply pastor of a 
 Lutheran Church at Moray, Kansas. 
 
 At the meeting of the General Synod in Lebanon, Pennsylvania, Dr. 
 Clutz was honored with the presidency of that body. His wide acquaint- 
 ance with the personnel of the Lutheran Church enabled him on that 
 occasion to recognize by name every delegate of the General Synod. 
 In those stressful days in the life of the Church his ability and tact 
 enabled him to preside with dignity and eminent satisfaction to all. 
 
 He resigned the presidency of Midland College on February 1, 1904, 
 to become pastor of St. James Lutheran Church in Gettysburg. This 
 large congregation he served until September 1, 1909, when he entered 
 upon his duties as professor of practical theology in this Seminary. 
 He became the successor of Dr. J. W. Richard not only in the pro- 
 fessor’s chair but also as an editor of the Lutheran Quarterly. 
 
 Soon after returning to the East, in the spring of 1904, Dr. Clutz 
 was elected to fill a vacancy on the Board of Home Missions and here 
 he continued to serve until that Board was merged. with the Board of 
 Church Extension by the General Synod in 1915. During most of this 
 time he was the treasurer of the Board and from 1913 to 1915 its 
 president. 
 
 In 1911 he was appointed a member of the General Synod’s Com- 
 mittee on Common Service. Here he served until the merger in 1918 
 and then he became a member of the Common Service Committee of the 
 United Lutheran Church. As a member of this Committee and of the 
 Joint Committee on the Common Service of the three general bodies 
 he had a prominent part in the preparation of the new “Common Ser- 
 vice Book and Hymnal’ and also of the common order of ministerial 
 acts. 
 
 Dr. Clutz also helped to formulate the new statement of the Doctrinal 
 
 335 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Basis of the General Synod, and at a meeting of the General Synod at 
 Richmond, Indiana, in 1909, it was he who offered the motion that pro- 
 vided for such a restatement and thus made a substantial contribution 
 to the necessary conditions for a United Lutheran Church. 
 
 When in 1917 the movement was inaugurated to merge the Gen- 
 eral Synod, the General Council, and the United Synod of the South, 
 Dr. Clutz was appointed on the committee to frame a constitution for 
 the proposed new body. At the next meeting of the General Synod 
 in Chicago, in 1917, he was made a member of the General Synod’s 
 Committee on Ways and Means, which co-operated with similar com- 
 mittees from the other general bodies in making all arrangements for 
 the merger. When the committees met for organization, Dr. Clutz was 
 elected secretary of the Joint Committee. In this position he had a 
 large and responsible part in the work which ended in the organization 
 of the United Lutheran Church in America in 1918. Such was his ac- 
 quaintance with the spirit and letter of the plans for merging that, at 
 the Merger Convention in New York, he was appointed assistant to the 
 secretary and president during that first convention. 
 
 He was at once elected a member of the Executive Board of the 
 new body, a position of unusual responsibility during those formative 
 years in the life of the United Lutheran Church in America. This 
 position he occupied until 1924, when he became constitutionally in- 
 eligible to succeed himself. But in 1924 he was appointed a member 
 of the important Commission of Ten to Study Theological Education 
 in the United Lutheran Church, a member of the Committee on Ger- 
 man Interests, and a member of the Larger Committee on the Lutheran 
 World Convention. He was also one of the four delegates from the 
 United Lutheran Church to the Universal Christian Conference on Life 
 and Work which met at Stockholm in August, 1925. In this- last mis- 
 sion for his Church he lost his life, an automobile accident in Stock- 
 holm causing his death on September 5. 
 
 It should also be mentioned that Dr. Clutz was for twenty years 
 (1905-1925) a member of the Board of Trustees of Gettysburg Col- 
 lege and most of this time a member of its Executive Committee. In 
 1923, during the interim between two administrations, he was the act- 
 ing president and responsible head of the College. Midland College 
 honored him with the degree of Doctor of Laws in 1920. He was also 
 a member of the lota Chapter of Pennsylvania Phi Beta Kappa. 
 
 Dr. Clutz was married September 4, 1872, to Liberty Augusta Hol- 
 linger, of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, daughter of Jacob S. and Sarah 
 Ann (Diehl) Hollinger. They had six children, five of whom, three 
 sons and two daughters, are still living. The oldest son, Frank H. 
 Clutz, Ph.D., is professor of civil engineering in Gettysburg College. 
 The second son is a physician in Bendena, Kansas, and the other son is 
 a farmer, also in Kansas. 336 
 
THE FACULTY 
 Dr. Clutz published a number of pamphlets and wrote many articles 
 
 for the Lutheran Quarterly and for other Church periodicals. He was 
 also the author of two tracts that have been widely circulated in the 
 churches by the Board of Church Extension. One of them, ‘Mrs. 
 Brocht’s Confession,” passed the hundred thousand mark. 
 
 HERBERT CHRISTIAN ALLEMAN, D.D. Herbert Christian Alleman 
 was born May 13, 1868, at Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, the son of Rev. 
 Benjamin F. Alleman, D.D., and Charlotte (Benson) Alleman. His 
 boyhood was spent in Topeka (Kansas), 
 Woodsboro (Maryland) and Shippensburg 
 (Pennsylvania). 
 
 He attended the public schools and the 
 Cumberland Valley State Normal School, at 
 Shippensburg, until April, 1882; Prepara- 
 tory Department, Pennsylvania College, 
 Gettysburg, 1882-83; Pennsylvania College, 
 Gettysburg, 1883-87, classical course; Theo- 
 logical Seminary, Reformed Church in the 
 United States, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 
 1888-89 ; Theological Seminary, Gettysburg, 
 1889-91; courses in Semitics and archaeology 
 in the University of Pennsyivania, 1966-11. Dr. ALLEMAN 
 
 He received the following degrees: Bach- 
 elor of Arts, from Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in 
 1887; Master of Arts, from Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Penn- 
 sylvania, in 1890, in course; Doctor of Divinity, from Temple Uni- 
 versity, Philadelphia, in 1908; Doctor of Divinity, from Gettysburg Col- 
 lege, Gettysburg, in 1923. He is also a member of the American Society 
 of Biblical Literature and Exegesis, a member of the American Oriental 
 Society, and an honorary member of the Iota Chapter of Phi Beta 
 
 
 
 Kappa. 
 
 He was licensed by the East Pennsylvania Synod in 1890, and or- 
 dained by the same body in 1891. 
 
 Dr. Alleman served pastorates as follows: Trinity Lutheran Church, 
 Chambersburg, 1891-96 (first pastor); Christ (College) Lutheran 
 Church, Gettysburg, 1896-1900; Messiah Lutheran Church, Philadel- 
 phia, 1900-1911. 
 
 He served as director of the Tressler Orphans’ Home, Loysville, 
 1898-1900; director and secretary of the Board of Directors of the 
 Lutheran Publication Society of the General Synod, 1901-1911; member 
 of the Board of Publication of the United Lutheran Church, 1925-_ ; 
 member of the Common Service Committee of the General Synod, 
 
 337 
 
HISTORY “OF GETPEYSBRURGASEMINARY 
 
 1907-09 ; representative of the United Lutheran Church in the Advisory 
 Council of the American Bible Society, 1920- 
 
 As a teacher he has held the following appointments: principal of 
 Jefferson Academy, Jefferson, Maryland, 1887-88; vice-principal of the 
 Preparatory Department, Pennsylvania College, teaching English and 
 Greek, 1890-91; professor of Hebrew and Old Testament literature and 
 religion, Theological Seminary, Gettysburg, 1911- 
 
 Among his writings are “The Gist of the Sermon (A Study of Ec- 
 clesiastes),” 1905; “The Bible: A General Introduction,’ 1914; “Prayers 
 for Boys,” 1925; articles and book-reviews in the Lutheran Observer, 
 The Lutheran and The Lutheran Quarterly. 
 
 Dr. Alleman was married on July 8, 1897, at Pawtucket, Rhode 
 Island, to Julia Suesserott, daughter of Dr. Jacob L. and Julia (Smith) 
 Suesserott. They have one son, Benson Suesserott Alleman. 
 
 ABDEL ROSS WENTZ, Ph.D., D.D. Dr. Wentz was born at Black Rock, 
 York Ccunty, Pennsylvania, October 8, 1883, the son of J. Valentine 
 and Ellen (Tracy) Wentz. His childhood and youth were spent at 
 
 Lineboro, Maryland. He prepared for college 
 
 at the Franklin High School, Reistertown, 
 
 Maryland. 
 
 Graduating from the College at Gettysburg 
 in 1904 and from the Seminary there in 1907, 
 he continued his theological and_ historical 
 studies in Germany. One year he spent at the 
 University of Leipsic under such men as Ihmels 
 and Hauck, one year at Berlin under Seeberg 
 and Holl, and one year at Tuebingen under 
 Schlatter and Mueller. 
 
 For seven years he was professor of his- 
 tory and English Bible in the College at Gettys- 
 
 Dene burg. In 1916, when the curriculum at the 
 
 Seminary was re-adjusted, he was called to the 
 newly established chair of Church history. His doctorate of philosophy 
 he received from George Washington University in 1914, and that of 
 divinity from Gettysburg College in 1921. He is also an honorary mem- 
 ber of the Iota Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa. 
 
 Dr. Wentz has published four books: “The Beginnings of the Ger- 
 man Element in York County, Pennsylvania,’ 1916; “The History of 
 the Maryland Synod,” 1920; “When Two Worlds Met,” 1921 and “The 
 Lutheran Church in American History,” 1923. From 1910 to 1917 he 
 contributed to each issue of the Lutheran Quarterly an article on “Cur- 
 rent Theological Thought in Germany.” He is also a contributor to 
 other periodicals and to encyclopedic works. 
 
 338 
 
 
 
DABIrACUE TY 
 
 He was licensed by the Maryland Synod in 1906 and ordained by 
 that Synod upon his return from Europe in 1909. He was a member 
 of the Board of Directors of the Publication Society of the General 
 Synod, 1917-1918, and of the Board of Publication of the United Luth- 
 eran Church, 1918-1924. In 1924 he became a member of the Executive 
 Board of the United Lutheran Church. He was one of the American 
 delegates to the Lutheran World Convention at Eisenach, Germany, in 
 1923, and a member of the preparation committee of the Convention. 
 He is a member of the American Society of Church History, the 
 Pennsylvania German Society, curator of the Lutheran Historical So- 
 ciety since 1913, and president of the Parent Education Society. 
 
 Dr. Wentz was married in 1917 to Mary Edna Kuhlman of Ursina, 
 Pennsylvania, daughter of Dr. Winfield S. and Martha (Walter) Kuhl- 
 man. They have three children: Valentine, Frederick Kuhlman and 
 Mary Louise. 
 
 MICHAEL HADWIN FISCHER, Ph.D. Dr. Fischer was born at Ethel, 
 Ontario, Canada, December 23, 1875, the son of Thomas and Agnes 
 (Walker) Fischer. 
 
 After elementary schooling at Concord, 
 Ontario, and preparatory studies at Jame- 
 son Avenue Collegiate Institute, he entered 
 Susquehanna University at Selinsgrove, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1898, graduating in 1902 
 with highest honor and with the degree of 
 A. B. Three years later he graduated from 
 the Theological Department of Susquehanna 
 with the degree of B. D. After four years 
 of study with Illinois Wesleyan University, 
 he received the degree of Ph.D. from that 
 institution in 1910. 
 
 Ordained by the Susquehanna Synod in 
 1905 he served the following pastorates: Dr. FISCHER 
 Grace Lutheran Church in Wilkes-Barre, 
 
 Pennsylvania, 1905-1909, and St. Luke’s Lutheran Church in Williams- 
 port, Pennsylvania, 1909-22. 
 
 In 1922 he became the director of Christian Education for the Penn- 
 sylvania State Sabbath School Association and in this pioneer position 
 he remained until his call to the Seminary brought him to Gettysburg 
 in September, 1925, . 
 
 Dr. Fischer was secretary of the Susquehanna Synod, 1913-1917; a 
 trustee of Tressler Orphans’ Home at Loysville, 1917-1922; a director 
 of Susquehanna University, 1913-1922; a delegate to the General Synod 
 in 1913 and to the United Lutheran Church in 1920; the organizer and 
 
 339 
 
 
 
HISTORY. OF -GETTYSBURG SEMINARY, 
 
 superintendent of the Williamsport School of Religious Education, 
 1919-1922; and director of the Susquehanna Summer Assembly, 1920- 
 1922. He is now a member of the Religious Education Association, a 
 member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, a 
 member of the Philadelphia County Committee on Religious Education, 
 and secretary of the Publishing Committee of the International Journal 
 of Religious Education. 
 
 He has been a frequent contributor to religious and educational 
 journels and has published a volume on “The Story of Jesus,” 1925. 
 
 On August 9, 1905, at Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, Dr. Fischer was 
 married to Minnie Alice Gortner, daughter of William J. and Mary A. 
 Gortner. They have had four children: Alan Stuart, Marian Agnes, 
 Hadwin Keith and Robert Harley. 
 
 340) 
 
CEU NE TE Raat 
 Tithe BOARD OuSDIREGLORS 
 
 The Board of Directors is the ultimate authority in the Seminary. Its 
 history is an integral part of the history of the school, and it has been 
 woven into the general narrative of the preceding chapters. 
 
 It will suffice here to indicate the officers and members during the hun- 
 dred years. The first Board was chosen by the General Synod; thereafter 
 the membership was selected by the district synods supporting the Sem- 
 inary. We shall indicate the membership, therefore, according to the synods 
 that were represented in it. 
 
 The organization meeting of the Directors was held at Hagerstown, 
 Maryland, March 2, 1826. After that all meetings were held at Gettysburg, 
 with the following exceptions: an adjourned meeting at York, October 6, 
 1828; an adjourned meeting at Hagerstown, Maryland, October 26, 1829; 
 a meeting in connection with the General Synod in New York City, May 
 15, 1848; and three special meetings at Harrisburg, one on March 3, 1925, 
 one on December 15, 1925, and one on April 12, 1926. 
 
 The meetings of the Board were held semi-annually until 1861; there- 
 after annually. For lack of a quorum, however, no semi-annual meetings 
 were held in the fall of 1835, 1836 and 1837, nor in the spring of 1852, 
 1853, 1854, 1856, 1857 and 1860. Special meetings were convened as fol- 
 lows: April 20, 1865; May 15, 1866; September 23, 1868; November 9, 
 1871; August 6, 1873; December 2, 1873; March 17, 1884; June 22, 1893; 
 August 1, 1893; May 31, 1894; June 15, 1910; March 3, 1925; December 
 15, 1925, and April 12, 1926. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE BOARD 
 
 PRESIDENTS 
 Jucrarvochimucker, D.D...-.. 1526-590 pee EL Lockman: Dsl) Means 1856-57 
 J. Winter, pro tem..... IS36CCADiS) » Wale. an WLofris, DL. Di4g1857-6 |b 
 muy erochmans 1)... 1539-41 Can Aruliave |). ites Someta 1861-63 
 SO DEAL Ot 1 ee 1841-44 FF. W. Conrad, D.D., LL.D....1863 
 WiiGresVLotris, Di Ds. Li.Ds..1844-46 " A. H. Lochman, D.Din.. 3 1864-68 
 mS IMO a Mba hd inl Soles 1846= Vitel. Baur) eae 1868-74 
 emenaeornis, «45 1.184725)" “Leek, ‘Albert, ‘D:Di og.) 1874-77 
 PE a eg B Be Bs grr 135 laS4 6 eh ce GOLWald, Lee eee eee 1877 
 
 PPMMISEAC ove Cok. d's ative s 5 “aia 16o9-56 = Aas Llllyan DL) ane Geen 1878 
 341 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 RUAS Fini ED Dee ele 1879-81 
 CSA lbertbwDs tee ee 1881 
 Matthias Sheeleigh, D.D....... 1882 
 Fenty; bakerf#* Di D2 oe 1883-85 
 LAS Getwald © DsDFe ee 1885 
 TG sR illheimer 4D Dagizece 1886 
 ES. Johnston, .)_ Dite eis 1887-89 
 He ‘KiineLelten me tee ee oe 1889-91 
 Wine eve 'Batimies seer, ae 1891-93 
 
 My Gi Boyer:-D. Do. atte. bane 1893 
 Wine Mie Baum) Dai eee 1894-98 _ 
 John “Wagner,” D:Div ass 1898-1902 
 Ts Wit Schwartz "4D ie 1902-04 
 Ws At. Dunbar, 4D ieee 1904-09 
 Be tDsaWeigles Dap oe ae 1909-18 
 Me. Knee DD Sere eae 1918-25 
 BH Dells DIDS se pe eee 1925 
 
 NV Lee Russ Bio ESN Ti 
 
 i) sloveschaetery DD. e eis. 1827-35 
 ewhuris a scloly Saha 1835-38 
 Pemiceller sD). aes eh 1838-40 
 Fam PASC line spe: ss stveclsiteeae 1840 
 Beniweller Li). ate eee 1841 
 Pevaleeiler://1) Di: 9 age ate 1842-44 
 Se VVe ortLar key asl ea ee ee 1844 
 Hine shine ov ew o, eoet deere ee 1845 
 Soe geblarkey at Lslse cee 1846-49 
 ie) rich tee eine eae eee ne 1849 
 Bie Kelle (iD oe ewes ets 1850-52 
 Pre rich oth Cymer a anes 1852-54 
 Soleimentmat we teen 1854-57 
 tt ELC CL RE tar aa, eee ca eee 1857 
 SOL Sentman ye sents ae eee 1858 
 GPU sa rani Tepe el. lal es 
 1859-60 
 Ga A ass 0 DSP eo: 1860-61 
 a VEO ele aPu Gi fade ee SS pee ie 1861-62 
 AteH ee Vochman 4) Deena 1862 
 NSS Jeaeelleman 1) Lear eee 1863 
 Die laallauere ls ene ee 1864-66 
 
 Pe. W mConrad gi) sal.L.De. eleuG 
 
 George, Dieh Ni 102s. aca 1867 
 CYA. Stork DD aie 1868-72 
 Henry Bakers DA) ween 1872 
 Luther E-Ailbert¢ D:D) .2e5 2 1873 
 Re ASPink | Dip eee 1874 
 Luther A. Gotwald, D.D....1875-77 
 (A. i. Copenhavetias..is os se ee 1877 
 
 R.A Pink DD Dies. aoe eee 1878 
 Matthias Sheeleigh, D.D.... 
 Peter Bergstresser, D.D.... 
 Ls Gy Billheimer nD Dee 1883-86 
 
 BSc Jonnstonjwe bse wae 1886 
 Bei Kilinefelter tse ee 1887-89 
 Peter Bergstresser, D.D....1889-91 
 MaG. Boyer’ DD abe es 1891-93 
 John “Wagner. DD 1893-98 
 Ws Es:Parsony D:D; ) eee 1898 
 J. W. Schwartz, D.D.....1899-1902 
 Vactor= Miller, DD ieee 1902-11 
 John. Wagner, \D.Dese 1911-23 
 Hohe Delk iD Ditters as 1923-24 
 Luther Kuhlman, D. Diesen 1925 
 
 SECRETARIES 
 
 ChaseyPhilip Krauth DDe 21826 
 Jip ELerbstet aa: coat, inte oo) 1827-29 
 John G.! Morris, D.D24LL.D. 
 
 1829-37 
 F. Ruthrauff, pro tem.1834 (Sept.) 
 detOewald) Deen ee 1837-40 
 J eeINe srloimatiia.e ecu 1840 (Apr.) 
 
 S. W. Harkey, D.D., pro tem 
 
 1840 (Sept.) 
 Jo.N.: Hotimany satae oe 1841-44 
 J. Oswald, D.D., pro tem 
 
 1843 (Sept.) 
 W. M. Reynolds, D.D., asst. sec. 
 
 1843 (Sept.) 
 
 342 
 
RHE BOARDSOPIDIRECTORS 
 
 See @) 6) 66.6. Ve 
 
 W..M. Reynolds, D.D 1844 
 F. W. Conrad, D.D., LL.D..1845-47 
 George Diehl, D.D., asst. sec. 
 
 1846 (Sept.) 
 John Heck 1847-53 
 J. Few Smith, asst. sec. 1847 (Apr.) 
 Augustus Babb., D.D., pro tem 
 
 1849 (Sept.) 
 
 Ctw..0.f 6) 6161's) a6, 10; 6 6! 60 a 
 
 ea aha y Ls Ley, eae 2 
 WV eae ary Shere. 1). ere, ay 
 August C. Wedekind, D.D..1856-67 
 E. Breidenbaugh 1867-96 
 A. R.’Steck,; D.D 1896-1904 
 M. Coover, D.D., LL.D... .1904-06 
 Fi Gee Dicletiyek pete ies a, 1906-23 
 FiseBseStocleviylst. (eases eo 
 
 G0) 04 66 16 6am 
 
 TREASURERS 
 
 Charles A. Barnitz, York, Pa., 
 1826-33 
 
 Charles A. Morris, York Pa., 
 1833-44 
 
 Fred W. Smith, Chambersburg, 
 PD Ciaete SeeN es Aste catch othe 1844-58 
 
 D. K. Wunderlich, Chambers- 
 BUTS re Page cee beeen cee ee 1858-64 
 Daniel Kraber, York, Pa...1864-82 
 C. S. Weiser, York, Pa. 1882-1907 
 Citizens Trust Co., Gettysburg, 
 Pate Pia oe. gee 1907- 
 
 MARYLAND SYNOD (1826) 
 CLERICAL 
 
 Albert) Chas./5;,° .D?:4. 1888-1906 
 Anspach, B> R3=~D.D., 
 1854 (Sept.), 55 (Sept.), 56 (Sept.) 
 ere VL cg tae eet eet 1905-09 
 Bolumi7taeh 1): i12D:, 
 1906, 08-12, 15-25 
 
 Bergstresser, Peter, D.D., 
 
 1873, 74, 80-84, 88-93 
 Bishop, Henry, 
 1859 (Sept.), 60, 61 (Sept.), 62, 63 
 
 Bowers ohn: GC: D.D.....<. 1921-25 
 (Bane iia Cag @ ann ere 1865 (Apr.) 
 Ptoteem Ac Stee... sk we 1899-1903 
 
 Butler, John George, D.D., 
 1862-64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 75-78, 1892-94 
 Cline joun. P..1838,|. 39. CApr.), 
 
 40-42 (Apr.), 43, 44 (Sept.) -46 
 Conrad ct W..,..D,D. LE.D., 
 
 1845, 46, 47 (Sept.), 48-50 (Apr.) 
 Diehl, George F., D.D., 
 
 1255’ =2(Sept.), -562¢Sept.),. 59 
 
 (Sept.), 60 (Sept.), 61 (Sept.), 
 
 62, 1863, 66, 67, 72-75, 86 
 
 343 
 
 Dunbare.W. Hs D.Ds 
 1896-1910, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19 
 Barnest a Ate 1873-77 
 Eyster, W. F., D.D 1864, 65 
 PATickel ss snl Jan. rlatere. 1837 (Apr.) 
 Hr eacweVV he) 1900, 01 
 Garland,’ D; D.D 1898, 99 
 Hamma;ieW:., D:D) Lips 188s 
 Harkey, Simeon ‘W., D.D., 
 1839 (Apr), «40. (Sept), 741 
 (Sept.), 42 (Sept.), 1843 (Sept.), 
 44, 45 (Apr.), 46, 47 (Apr.), 48, 
 1849 (Sept.), 50 (Apr.) 
 Hennighausen, F., Ph.D., D.D., 
 1871, 73 (Dec.), 74, 90, 92-93 
 Heck, John, 1847, 48, 49 (Sept.), 
 Bee 5152 FCS e pts Ma oALGSeDtA) 
 1854e( Sept, = 058000 nA ao epty) 
 
 ae Cab a 0) iene 40 
 
 *@) 6:0 100 6 4 6 
 
 58 (Sept.), 1859 (Sept.), 60 
 (Sept. ) 
 Hotiman. JonneN 4) fe 1831, 32, 40 
 
 Holloway, H. C., D.D., 1876, 78, 79 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Johnston, Elias S., D.D., 
 1876-78, 80, 82-88 
 Keller, Ezra, D.D., 1841-43 (Apr.) 
 Kuhlman, Luther, D.D., 1887-1903 
 Kuhns, Henry W., D.D., ..1882-87 
 Kraut, Ghasetehilip a Dave 
 1826, 27 (Oct.), 28 (May) 
 Wurtz, “Bemaming Dips LE. Ds 
 1826 (Apr.), 1828-30 (May), 35 
 (Apr.), 1838 (Sept.) 
 Kourtze ee Daniels 3D 2: 
 1826 (Sept.) -27 
 Manns A.D); 
 1879-81, 83, 84 (Mar.) 
 Martin, J. 1861 (Sept.) 
 Medtart, Jacob, 
 1833 (Apr.), 34 (Sept.) 
 Miller, George W., D.D. ..1902-06 
 Miller, J. M., 
 1880, 82, 94 (May), 96 
 PreHyaie 
 1898-1901, 04, 05 
 Victore: Ds 
 1885-88, 90-95, 97-1910 
 Morris, >John tGis)D2Ds> BE De 
 1829-31, 33, 34 (Apr.), 35 (Apr.), 
 OOsseC ADE, 91840 =cCAnr) eal 
 (Sept.), 42 (Sept.), 1842-45, 47- 
 DO POS MOOEDE RO seo7a6 (Septsy= 
 60, 61 (Sept.), 62, 65-67, 69, 70, 
 1885-93, 95 
 
 ao) 9 a be: @ 2a wpe 
 
 Miller, 
 
 Miller, 
 
 Owe 5S) WGkD. Det eee 
 1895, 96, 97, 99, 1901, 02, 03 
 Parson W. E., D.D. ...:1896-1905 
 Reck, Abraham, 
 1831,232 -( May).,..33 Apr) 34 
 (Apr.) 
 Reinewald, Chas., D.D. ....1904-06 
 Richardson, H. J., 1870, 71, 73, 74 
 Roth, © O.7 Cts) eee ae 1895-98 
 Rupp, 2Ulyssés252Gne De 
 1911, 12, 14-17, 19-25 
 >chaetfer,; Ghasych#=* D:D 1838 
 ochacti ermeDi he ails 
 1827 (Oct.)-31 (May), 33 
 Scholl; “GeorversD eae ee 1882-84 
 Sess, J SA Dy ese 
 1854: (Sept); * 455, = Gent. 5 
 ( Sept.) 
 Seniman sok; 1851952) (Septeyeas 
 (Sept.), 54.7 (Sept) - 1855," 56a 
 Sil. Geors ers ie eee 
 oteckes Daniels Dib: 
 stork, Ghasi Av ob D2 
 1867-71, 76-78, 80 
 Weidley, John, D.D. ..1925 (Dec.) 
 Weiser, Reuben, D.D., 
 1839 (Apr.), 40 
 Williams, -JieR ae 1880, 82 
 Winter, --John; “1835. CApr. 236 
 (Apr), 32. “C Apres) 
 Zimmerman, L. M., D.D., 
 1911, 12, 14-24, 25 (Dec.) 
 
 57 
 
 ee IGA. 
 Aibsuph SLMS a. enn ee 1906-09:.') Bin tao] ey 6 rea 1836 (Apr.) 
 Alden, L. Russell, Bikle, . John .«L.1¥1876278,) 80e82 
 1915=17,°20, 92179248 25 84 (Mar.)-86, 88-1903. 
 Anvel *onne Wat. ee ee 1879,°80. <Brandler J... MCN See 1905 
 Armiger!yWlels loc oie 1896, 97 Brown, Reuben W. ....1911-13, 15 
 
 Baker, John, 
 1846 (Apr.), 47 (Sept.), 48 (Sept.) 
 Raugher, Isaac, 
 1834"" CApr.)) 35 ot Aprut a0 
 (Apr.), 37 (Apr.), 1838, 40, 42-47 
 
 344 
 
 Bush, John C., M.D. ..1870, 71, 74 
 
 Butler, W. K., M.D., 1891, 93, 94 
 
 Distler, John C., Jr., 1901-05, 07, 
 09, 10 (June) 
 
 Doub, Wm. W. 1921-25 
 
THEVBOARD* OFeTHRECTORS 
 
 Drege, Jacob 1858 
 (Sept. ) 
 
 Eckhardt, Cornelius ...1904-06, 08 
 
 ‘ Kichelberger, Jas. W., M.D., 1849 
 Sept.) 00° (sept. soz voept:), 
 53 (Sept.), 64, 65, 66 
 
 Fox, Albert F., 1887, 88, 90-93, 96, 
 97, 99-1903 
 
 Gilbert, David, M.D., 1848, 49, 50, 
 
 (Sept.); ~ 59 
 
 51 (Sept. ) 
 Hagen, George 1830 (May), 31 
 (May) 
 PARTIR se aiewN Vs ue wii < 1896, 97 
 PCL er OUI uae ie Sen oe 1826, 27 
 Jolene cie J RT SND ID Reet Aon 1869, 71 
 
 Hermann, Capt. Emanuel ..1901-04 
 
 Hines, Henry C., 1900, 02-10, 13-18 
 
 Humrichouse, C. W. ...1882-94, 96 
 
 Jacobs, H., 1853 (Sept.), 54 (Sept.), 
 55, 56, 58 
 
 Kakel, Fred. W., 1896-98, .11, 13, 
 LOLS el OZ 125-25 
 
 Kemp, F. W. A., M.D. 1901-03, 05, 
 07, 09. 
 
 Kemp, Wm. M., M.D., 1839 (Apr.), 
 77, 80-84. 
 
 Loats, John, 1861 (Sept.) 63, 66, 67 
 
 Medtart, Lewis, 1831. (May), 32 
 (May), 33 
 Mehrine:" Johtr w.% a0: 1866 (Apr.) 
 
 Motter, G. T., M.D., 1894, 96-1902 
 Musselman, A. C., 1874, 75, 79-88 
 Musselman, John ..1856, 60 (Sept.) 
 Nusz, Frederick, 1827, 28 (Sept.), 
 29, 30 (Sept.) 
 Barsons Heth Ae GLO Aly alone ZU 
 Braregeaap ohare: cee eee 1871 
 Rice, John W., 1872-75, 77-81, 84-90 
 Rower@hass Heed eas 1887 
 Ryneal, George, Jr. ..1875, 78, 1903 
 
 schmiucker = slots §Si, ba, Llos3 
 (Dec: );. 75-77 
 
 Sharretre nliny beat eae 1920-25 
 
 SIALGty Lie ane conkers 1901, 03, 05 
 
 WEST PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD (1826) 
 GEERIGAL 
 
 Plbetiesthas a 06 Dis Ve ee 1879-82 
 
 Albert, J., 1843-46, 48, 50 (Apr.), 
 Ste o2- (Sept..) 
 
 Alleman, B. F., D.D., 1865-68, 81, 
 82, 84 (Mar.) 
 
 PelcmaneaeM. Jc, D:D 1858" «60 
 (Sept.), 61 (Sept.), 62-64 
 
 Anstadt, Peter, D.D., 1895-1900, 02, 
 03 
 
 Babb, Augustus, D.D., 1847, 48, 49, 
 50 (Sept.), 51 (Sept.), 80 
 
 Lei dey @ epee DPD Bees oon 1916-22 
 Baugher, H. Louis, D.D....1890-98 
 Bagi Wee Nivel kk. ke 1863-74 
 lack welders (lL) Mii. cc ve. 1882 
 Bie tawetre DON, hi coe 1905 
 Bovervaimon Rife ok lo. kes 1842-44 
 Breidenbaugh, E. ....:/.. 1866-1950 
 
 345 
 
 ConradiE ey We PDs ab Teed 805) 
 66 (Aug.), 67 
 
 Coover, M., D.D., LL.D... .1904-08 
 
 Culler; Mes “D: Dr. 1887,4.88>90 
 
 Enders, G. W., D.D. 1889-94, 96- 
 1903 
 
 Bssick Aes aauas 1862 (Aug.), 64 
 
 Eyster, W. F., D.D., 1854 (Sept.), 
 5b 57 (Senin OS ee CA Dies oo 
 (Sept. ) 
 
 Bastnacht; set Gael O00: 
 1901-03 
 
 Pry ee aCOD?. 4): by oan go eae 1863 
 
 reléclows Fle) Riess tae tee lee 1890-98 
 
 Gebpharte see ee 1855, 58, 60 
 
 Gottwald, “Daniel airs: 1838 (Apr.) 
 
 Gotwald?® Luther, "Ave. Ds I8/l 
 
 (Nov.), 73-78, 80, 85 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Hartman, A. Stewart, D.D..1883-85 
 Heine Wm., 1831, 32 (May), 34 
 (Sept.), 35 (Apr.) 
 
 Henry. George’ Co. einen. 1903-05 
 
 Herbstsiyth ean x, 2 aeons 1826-29 
 
 Flevyers iy. awh 1829-31 (May) 
 
 Hoffman, John N. 1841-43 (Apr.) 
 
 Elollowayemte ec. Ds 18837654 
 ( Mar.) 
 
 Peeisler tal Su) en eee 1901-04 
 
 Keller, B., D.D., 1826-28, 37 (Apr.), 
 38, 40, 41, 46, 47 (Apr.), 1848-51 
 Keller, Emanuel, 1834 (Sept.), 35 
 (Apr.), 36 (Apr.) 
 Pc leree ie po ea omee a 1885-89 
 Klinefelter, Frederick, 1877, 79-81, 
 87-94 
 IG Leree),. We cl osi0s ee ee 1882-84, 86 
 Koser* tle. DD. sick 1901, 03-25 
 Kuhlman, Luther, D.D.....1924, 25 
 Deisenrin® chit Lise] ue eeu 1906 
 FAlly SAP AWe to). o/os m/O.ca/ 6: 
 96, 97 
 Lochman, A. H., D.D., 1838 (Apr.), 
 39 (Apr.), 40, 41 (Sept.), 43, 55 
 (Septe) ¥ 71856258" eC Sept.) 4uo9 
 (Sept.), 60 (Sept.), 62, 1864-77 
 Metiges, JH? 2.267) 1865, 66, 75-77 
 Miller, Ephraim, D.D...1887, 89, 90 
 Oswald.) D:DS5 1836.2CA pr.) 137 
 
 Parson, George 
 
 Rape tak ais oe a, 1862 (Aug.)-64 
 
 Rosenmiller, _D. P., 1853 (Sept.), 
 55, 56 
 
 RotheOACHI DIDI aoe ee 1911-15 
 
 Ruthrautt,. F)1833," 54 35 eC vores 
 36 (Apr.) 
 
 Kuthrauff, John, 1829 (Oct.), 30 
 (Sept.), 31-34 (Apr.) 
 
 Schmucker, J. G., D.D., 1826-28, 
 1829 (Sept.)-35 (Apr.), ~ 37 
 (Apr. )% 238,39 
 
 Scholl, George, D.D., 1886, 88, 
 90-95 
 
 Sprecher, Samuel, D.D., 1844 
 
 (Apr.), 45, 46 (Sept.), 48 (Apr.) 
 -49 (Apr.) 
 
 Steck, Daniel, \DiDek ess 1879, 80 
 
 Steck, Aug. R., D.D., 1896-98, 1900- 
 17, 19-21, 23-25 
 
 Stock, Chas., M., D.D., 1891-94, 96- 
 1906, 08-10 
 
 Stock HB. Bb Dea: ae 1923-25 
 
 Swartz, «/oel 2D: Deets we eee 1870 
 
 Ulrich, John, 1847-51, 52 (Sept.), 
 53: (Sept: 1°54: (Sept. 7. bomeno. 
 58 (Sept.), 1859 (Sept.), 60 
 (Sent. e561 
 
 Weigle, E. D., D.D., 1885, 86, 88, 
 1907-23 
 
 (Apr.), 38-40, 41 (Sept.), 42 Weyl, Chas., 1839 (Apr.), 40-42 
 (Sept.), 1843-45, 50, 51, 52 (Sept.), (Apr. ) 
 53 oC Septs).2 54. . (Sept. ee leben aovglee Heeb et) Davee 1891-97 
 (Sept.), 60 (Sept.) Wolf.) BD eee 1903-06 
 ParrjsvAueAo DD Dae oe ae 1901-05.%, c¥ ineling eS Hite eee 1868, 69 
 LAY 
 A lewalt: Je@ ae ere 1890, 93 Buehler, D. A., 1853 (Sept.), 54 
 Bair. Washington! 1884, 85 (Sept)),.55,."56,: 57 etsept.ommeens 
 
 Bream, Hon. R. Wm., 1888, 90, 92- 
 97, 99-1925 
 Brechbill shis Eiger ee, 1878, 80 
 
 59, 60 (Sept.), 66-86. 
 Elsesser, Peter A. ..... 1905, 08, 09 
 Gelwix, Samuel 
 
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 
 
 Gilbert, David, M.D., 1834, .35 
 (Apr.), 36 (Apr.), 38, 39 (Apr.), 
 40, 41, 1842 (Sept.), 43-49 
 
 Glatfelter, P. H., 1892-1900, 02, 03 
 
 Gross, Prof. George W., 1910, 12 
 
 Helb, Edward 1899-1904 
 
 blaper.o), »M.D:,. 1854 “(Sept.); 
 D571 oept.), 56, 58,59; 60. (Sept), 
 1861, 62, 64-73. 
 
 Kraber, Daniel 1866-81 
 
 Lafean, Hon. Daniel A., 1899, 1900 
 
 ISOUCK StmLSAACy wo. oe fae, de soos. 
 
 Miller, Hon. E. P 1925 (Dec.) 
 
 Morris, C. A., 1829 (Sept.), 30-32, 
 GomCoept:) 
 
 Myers, David M., 
 (Aug.) 
 
 Picking, eH, Cy \.. 71891-94..96-1924 
 
 Reddig, J. Burr, 1883-88, 90, 92, 93 
 (Aug.), 95-97 
 
 ISSELOD ERS oe meno AeS sinners. ie 1881 
 
 Ore elke) fe en 8 10! 16) 6 
 
 Skw'.e)'es ef 6 ve" © 70)6) ¢) « 
 
 1864, 65, 66 
 
 Saxton, Henry, 
 Go 73. 6/4 
 Shelly, Hon. John L..1896-1903, 05 
 Shryock, George, 1849-52, 53 
 
 (Sept:), 54 .(Sept.)-56, 1857 
 (Sept.), 58 (Apr.), 59, 60 (Sept.) 
 Sit an eee MMe at te 1910-25 
 SimvSetie tt. vee os ens 
 Sniyset a GGOr ge: ser oe ee 
 Spahr, M. B., 1889-91, 93 (Aug.), 
 94 (May), 96, 97, 99, 1904, 07 
 Steiger, George C., 1883, 84 ( Mar.) 
 Swope, John A., M.D., 1882, 83, 
 85, 88, 90 
 Taylonetat 1925 (Dec.) 
 Trostle, George, 1829 (Oct.), 30-33, 
 34° (Septi), sOe( Apr), o/aCADrs Js 
 1838, 39 (Apr.), 40-47 (Apr.) 
 Weiser Gee 5.52 1603-80,0. ed LS 
 (Aug.), 94-97, 1900-03, 05 
 Wilt 2 e8H ee eee re 
 Young, Jacob ..1826, 27 (May), 28 
 LOUCKS JACOD ML aaa ntetnone 1904-06, 08 
 
 1862 (Aug.), 64, 
 
 Se 6 0 6 © 0 © ete @ 
 
 SYNOD OF NORTH CAROLINA (1827) 
 GLERIGAL 
 
 Reck, John, 1829, 31 (by proxy for 
 Revs. Gottlieb Shober and D. 
 Rosenmiller ) 
 
 Rosenmiller, D. 
 Walter, Martin 
 
 B, ¢ 6) 88 (Oe 6 6. 618 (0' 8 
 
 o) ee) 4) 9) 8 vad senieue «ee 
 
 EAST PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD (1843) 
 CLERICAL 
 
 Albert, Luther E., D.D., 1860 
 (Sept.); 61, 62, 63, 1865 (Aug.), 
 66 (Aug.), 67, 69-71, 1873-76, 78- 
 1901, 03, 05, 06 
 
 Alleman, B. F., D.D., 1892-94, 96, 
 97, 99-1905 
 
 Badm, Woo. D.Del.e.. 1875-1901 
 
 Billheimer, Stanley, D.D...... 1925 
 
 Billheimer, T. C., D.D., 1880, 81, 
 83-87, 90, 91, 93 
 
 347 
 
 Born, Peter, D.D., 1857 (Sept.), 58 
 (Sept.), 59 (Sept.) 
 
 Conrad, F. W., D.D., LL.D. 1882-90 
 
 Daugherty, S.- Dey D:D... 1903-08 
 
 Dele Rhee Doi tae kee 1921-25 
 
 Dewyoes Luther. Dips 
 
 Diehl, George, D.D....1846 (Sept.) 
 
 Ditties lL) ee ee 1870-74 
 Pink kee Ate 1). loans eee 1861, 63-65 
 Finkbiner, JeuW,, late 1881-83 
 
HISTORY VOF GHDTY SBURG? SEMINARY 
 
 Fischer, A. H. F., D.D., 1899-1905, 
 1908-24 | 
 Greiss, George A., D.D.....1915-24 
 
 Hartman] ost has: Deiat 1905 
 Hay, Ghtas-wAe D:Ds -13602625,-64, 
 65, 68 
 
 Hay, Chas. E., D.D., 1894, 96-98 
 Heck, John H.....1866 (Aug.), 67 
 Henry, E. S., 1873 (Dec.), 79, 82, 84 
 Holloway, sie. 2 DsDY sP318875.58 
 Huber, Eli, D.D...1886-89, 91-1910 
 Hufford, R. W., D.D., 1891-97, 99- 
 19030107 1103 
 EHutter, EW, D.D.7 71858 “CSept?)< 
 59 (Sept.),.60 (Sept.), 64 
 
 Mangeseelt! Ce ice a 1915-24 
 
 Parson, George: ....24.: 1850 (Apr.) 
 
 Pint <etohn. Ky 1856 seLSeptalg 08 
 (Sept.), 59 (Sept.), 60 (Sept.) 
 
 Pohlman, Augustus, M.D., D.D., 
 1925 
 
 Pritchard)-“e GD. D- 189921903, 
 05-08 
 Remimund it ake. Die < 1876-78 
 
 Ruthrauff, F., 1843 (Sept.), 44, 50 
 (Sept.) 
 
 Sadtlem. Bos LD) Diaitaee 1855 (Sept.) 
 
 Sentman, Solomon...... 1866, 68-70 
 
 Sheeleigh, Matthias, D.D., 1871 
 (Nov.)-86, 88-91, 93, 94, 96, 97 
 
 Shock ig ase saa sa eens 1846 (Sept.) 
 
 Sing master, \)) 20 oes tle ane ee 
 1894-98 
 
 Suesseratt Benj, Caeceee. ts ae 1874 
 
 Stahler, “WeeE., -D.Di 1904 "05, 0 
 (9-115 #15720 
 
 eteck: aWViee ri: 
 
 Stellngs4G: Ee DID, 1867, 69-a70; 
 72-74 
 
 Stine eM au Nise Deere eee 1912-14 
 Stork, Theop., D.D....1843 (Sept.) 
 SWatiz wi) Gel lol) ae ae 1876, 78 
 
 Valentine, M..H., D.D./.... 1904-08 
 Wedekind. sAcctGy 27D: D aialeae 
 (Sept.)! 539° (Sept. 54 Sept): 
 55 (Sept.), 56, 57 (Sept.), 58-66 
 Weiser, Reuben, D.D., 1847 (Apr.), 
 
 Reynolds;- HWi Mig alien O40 48, 49 
 (Apr.), 44, 50 (Apr.) Wilerdteriniiipeaaieceese se 1867, 68 
 LAY: 
 Brehm, Prot, J. J.0:1915)16, 22°24. Gerberichy Ev S3719 19 S20 22m eo 
 Buehler, Martin; 1856.) (Sept:), -58. * Gcoodman,, Henry; 42 eee 1867 
 (Sept:); - 66% CAug.);) -67> 18/3® Hecht, Greet. 2 ee een ee 1891-93 
 (Dec.), 74 Heine RAS... eee ee 1891, 93 
 Biushsnol sh kegs 1896, .97, 99,1900" *\Heltrich, aGeorge Hite) eee 1886 
 (ooh patie site Bas ot eae 1903-05 Houpt, Lewis L., 1860 (Sept.), 61 
 Cochran, J. J. 1863-65, 66 (Aug.),69 (Sept. ) . 
 Downing, Jos. B...1899-1901, 03-07 Hummel, A. ...... 1871 (Nov.)-73 
 Dunkle, J. A. 1890, 94 (May), 96,97 Keller, Croll, Phar.D., 1920, 22-25 
 Durboraw, A.4hlis.... 1925) ( Mar.) -AKeller, “John = P4) Ds DSe eae 1894 
 
 Eppley, Daniel, 1860 (Sept.), 61 
 (Sept.), 62 (Aug.)-73, 76-78, 80, 
 84-86 
 
 Fox, Edward 
 
 Maticke Johnie icy alte 1881-87 
 
 Kugler, Hon. Chas., 1860 (Sept.), 
 61. (Sept.);. "62? , (Aties)ys0g.e0 0: 
 1866 (Aug.)-68, 70, 72, 74 
 
 Kunkel, ‘C. A., 1909-11, 13, 17, 18 
 
 Lehr? Horace. si.* 7 aes 1904-05 
 
 348 
 
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 
 
 Luther, Diller, MD...1878, 80, 87-90 
 
 Martin, Wm. H 
 
 Mickel, John L., 1894 (May)-1908, 
 10-14 
 
 Miller, Harvey C., 1910-12, 14-16, 
 20-25 
 
 PUG Asha Sites Mis SG i asa 1880 
 
 0.1m Ue) olTere Ne: gi te 0:\e 
 
 WiipOe tet] OOO Lars son ferns 1895, 97 
 UU coy sa Ri ea ake oe a 1882 
 WNagenseller, Col. Wm. F.272.% 1859 
 oede rim EeeceN TD) asic 1892, 94 
 i Oetlel es PACOD mitre ca te Wes 1870, 73 
 
 Scull, Edward ....1892-93, 95-1901 
 Shindle, J. G. L., M.D.....1859, 63 
 
 Sri tiers An! KK, ee open ae Nc bt 1885, 87 
 SUTETRO MTs VWViw wee nent ee 1847 (Apr.) 
 Staller, vGe DM Dicey en 1891-94 
 SIPONE, wd AMES dee cle ees Ae 1902-05 
 
 Stubb, Jos., 1881, 82, 84 (Mar.)-86, 
 88, 90 
 
 Valentine, S. G., Ph.D...1895-1906 
 
 Wert, Simon 
 
 Yeager, Wm. 
 
 Yergey, H. F., 1899, 1900, 03-05, 09 
 
 a: eve, 6) ee) ee) 8) 0 0a) wie, 6 6) 2 
 
 Cane 6b af onS Ore 
 
 VIRGINIA SYNOD (1843) 
 CLERICAL 
 
 baum Win. M.- D.D....1859 CApr. 
 and Sept.), 60 (Sept.) 
 
 Eichelberger, L., D.D., 1844 (Sept.), 
 45 (Sept.) 
 
 Mink wh. 01,03 1853..(Sept-),-58 
 (Sept. ) 
 
 Keiser, James R 
 
 1843 (Sept.) 
 
 ©16) (6) 3.0) fe. be 
 
 PED) ald Laid OE 
 (Sept. y,.° 32 
 
 Krauthie Gah. 
 1850 (Sept) $2485! 
 (Sept.), 55 CSept.) 
 
 Martin, Chas., M.D., 1861 (Apr. & 
 Sept.) 
 
 Richardson, H. J 1860 (Sept.) 
 
 Smith, J. Few, Jr., 1844 (Sept.), 
 46 (Apr.), 47 (Sept.) 
 
 oe ee oe 
 
 ALLEGHANY SYNOD (1844) 
 
 CLERICAL 
 EN His TLCHE VV Cre WV.) Oa sts cel cle = Lovo OU Sem rupaker =| Ohnway. . ceri 1898-99 
 Poeneveroamiel. 1802 >(Aug.) 7 035,.- Carney, Woe H,-D.D.2i awe 1918-25 
 
 67 
 Babb, Aug., D.D 1844 (Apr.) 
 Baker, Henry, D.D., 1868-70, 72, 75- 
 77, 79-87 
 Baughman, G. W., 1892-93 (Aug.) 
 ‘| AE ee ag 1888, 90, 92 
 Renedict, Fred., 1853. (Sept.), 55 
 (Sept.), 56 (Sept.), 1858 (Sept.) 
 Bergstresser, EF. L., 1891, 98, /99, 
 
 1901, 02 
 Bishop, Henry, 1847 (Apr.), 48 
 (Apr.) 
 Breer eG, aD Ds .h0 we owe 1879-94 
 Drauss MO os. cule. 1903-05 
 
 349 
 
 Collins, B. B., 1899, 1900, 02, 03, 05 
 
 Ehrenfeld,, A. C., 1863-67, 79, 81, 
 82, 84 (Mar.) 
 
 Ehrenfeld, C. L., 1866 (Aug.)-67 
 
 Emery, “Waes, S186li2( Sept.) 02 
 (Aug. ) 
 
 Englisho? John oo: L912-1636181019 
 
 Fink, R: As D-D., 1866. (Aug:) -82, 
 
 87, 88 
 Gruver, C. B., 1887, 88, 90-93 
 (Aug.) 
 Hartman, J. A., 1890-93, 1903-05, 07 
 eLevtmayy sd Earn eestor a 1901-03 
 Holtanytces Ae sell ree ae oe 1867 
 
HIs TORY) OR GETTYSBURG SSEMINARY 
 
 Johnston, E. S., D.D., 1894 (May)- 
 97 
 
 Keller @ Sit) Dales oe 1909-12 
 
 Kline, M. J., D.D., 1914-16, 18-24 
 
 Knight, Lloyd, 1860 (Sept.), 61 
 (Sept. ) 
 
 Kopp, eWalliam jee... 1855 (Apr.) 
 
 Muga teG at] or) as oer eee 1870 
 
 MarllereAT oR eetn tad tamer 1898-1902 
 
 Batterson: Re i>ian Dae 1902-05 
 
 Ptahler eM bh e.e 1S0Za( Ales) e264 
 
 Rothnbergertyapan was 26.5 ee 1882 
 Race Saya Vas 1.0. ee toe 1883-84, 86, 87 
 aver Peteing cae, ve 1844 (Apr.) 
 ROM SOG DD lees rie 1905-07 
 RUGS LEA Seer) a9 fe teen 1909-11 
 
 Sahm, Peter, D.D., 1847 (Apr.), 48 
 (Apr.), 49 (Sept.), 1850 (Apr.) 
 
 Scholl, George, D.D., 1873 (Dec.)- 
 74 
 
 Settlemver-a Vell ci cymes 
 
 Snyder, Henry W., D.D., 1920-25 
 GDec:) 
 
 ShecderihP Leeks 1862 (Aug.) 
 Shindler, Daniel 1865 (Aug.) 
 Shipman, Wm. A., D.D.....1895-99 
 
 ese @.¢ ee « 
 
 Stock.e GF SMA Dy Oca, tana 1886 
 Swopert 2 DAP elo se eee 1859 
 Taylot aio wel: wee enter 1895-98 
 ‘Lomlinson.}Gnn; tte. en 1871-72 
 
 Wagner, A. E., D.D., 1904-06, 09, 
 10.813 
 
 Weigle, E. D., D.D 1893-95 
 
 Weiser, Reuben, D.D...1844 (Apr.) 
 
 Whetstone, A. M., 1875, 76, 79, 81, 
 84 ( Mar.) 
 
 Witmer, Chas. +. 04.0% 2\ 1858 (Sept.) 
 
 Williams jes) 1852 (Sept.) 
 
 Wieand, “Henrys Ei sbi ee 
 1915216 
 
 Yingling, Samuel, 1860 (Sept.), 61 
 
 6.9 9's sie 6 ee 
 
 O76! e006: 0) 46 
 
 LAY 
 
 Bakers ranks 1921 S724 25 
 Reaveta | Oni as en cur: 1853 (Sept.) 
 Ben key, na) pW e re che eee 
 Brumbaugh, D. S., 1882, 84-86, 
 1905-09 
 Caldwell, Wm., D.D 1864, 69 
 Colvin, Frank E., 1899, 1900, 03-09 
 Enitz) dat rye eaten ee ee 
 Frontz, Howard C., M.D., 1925-25 
 (Dec) 
 Geesey, Chas., 1892, 93, 98-1906, 10 
 Good, Peter, 1872, 79, 84 (Mar.), 85 
 Householder, Geo. W., 1853 (Sept.), 
 59 (Sept. ) 
 Plerbsts+ Js SC caatca ee 1893-1900 
 Knepp, Alfred 1914-21, 23 
 Lafferty, John P., 1895-98, 1902, 03, 
 05 155°16, 2ta20-23 
 
 se. Kee. ee e 
 
 P..% 4, 00,6) 16, 4 © n0 
 
 350 
 
 (Sept. ) 
 
 Young, M. L., D.D., 1888-93, 94 
 (May) -97 
 
 Leisenring ar so. ee are 
 
 (Sept.), 63, 64 
 Likens, Prof. John H., 1913, 15-19 
 Lotz, George 1885, 88 
 Cutzs John 1872-76 
 Mason, Chas. C., 1879, 81-84, 86, 87 
 Patton, T. B., 1884, 86, 88, 94 
 (May), 85, 1902 
 Patton, Geo. U., 1860 (Sept.), 70, 
 72, 74, 75 
 Philson, Samuel 1866 (Aug.) 
 Ramey, (.D. K-;+ 1865 CAues) soo 
 (Aug.), 67, 88, 89, 91, 92, 1895- 
 1903 
 Ruppel, 
 (May) 
 Sanderson, Geo. W., 1873 (Aug.), 
 Fé 
 
 6 ¢ @ ,olle «oe, amen e ce & 
 
 C2) 00) Oe 06 lattes G7 6 1s Terie se 
 
 0: 6 0 wage 
 
 W. M., 1888-90, 93, 94 
 
THESBOARDIOF DIRECTORS 
 
 Shahaonw@s ui: st oe Pao se Coept:))-.awWattelrs Beh os? me. 1910612513 
 STV Ver. Yoyl eee 1844 (Apr.) Wentzel, Ira, 1899-1901, 03-05, 08-10 
 
 MINISTERIUM OF PENNSYLVANIA (1853) 
 
 CLERICAL 
 
 aGteet NASM AGES ey. <7 tates 1863 59 (Sept.) 
 Bont te Wie) De 1863 dc ohlerea Johns 1859-- (Sept), 260 
 Semsciiainer, = Ase) sJIy sD, (septa), OLY (Sept. ),/ 022. Sept); 
 igo7e. (Sept:) Osan Coepthy 09 63, 65 
 (Sept.), 60 (Sept.), 1862 (Aug.) Muhlenberg, F. A., 1855 (Apr.), 58 
 
 (eal ert pheain. wee ee ones et sme 1865 ( Sept.) 
 HavymGwAoe ll) Daal SoonCoepts) . 040% sochaefier, ~Ghas... Fey“). 1853 
 (Sept.), 55 (Sept.), 56 (Sept.) (Sept.), 54 (Sept.), 55 (Sept.) 
 
 Poel. el) e lsoomcoepty) ao,,  ochaeter,. .Gis Wc). Dae 21856 
 (Sept.), 59 (Sept.)-60 (Sept.), (Sept.), 57 (Sept.), 58 (Sept.), 
 
 1861 (Sept.) SOF Sent.), LOU (Sept) aae 02 
 rote! icrat., 1)... Looe a Coept.); (Sept.), 63, 64 
 LAY 
 PAOUD Lie otek sce Ney ahs 1863-65 Muhlenberg, H. H., M.D., 1859 
 Ihre; Colt C.-J.;%1855* (Sept.) ,°. 56 (Sept.), 61 (Sept.), 62, (Aug.), 
 (Sept.), 59 (Sept.) 65 (Apr.) 
 WeliMatiw rleneyite cet d isnt cic ses 1364 ce Piperns W wlan ay ier ae ere cates 1863 
 
 PITTSBURGH SYNOD (1856) 
 
 CLERICAL 
 
 Darnitz,oamuel Bs -D.D.. 00... 1876... Goettman, 2). .G.? DID. 1874-7232 86, 
 Bassler, Gottleib, 1856 (Sept.), 60 88, 91-94 
 
 (Sept.), 64 (russ a, Jerome. fDi ee. aaae ee. 1906 
 Ditties |eniimer, DD... + <. LOU SA Ose lLay wel 2wisor Lo: eee 1893 (Aug.) 
 Breckenridge, S. F., D.D....1868-69 Hill, Reuben, D.D.....1865 (Aug.) 
 PRCHEV SONY 1110! Jee kes oo a eos 1909-13 Hoover, F. F., 1873 (Dec.)-74, 76, 
 Burgess; E. B., D.D., “1905, 07-10, 78 
 
 12, 13 Krauthas Cee Pree |e Dives eles 
 inpome reels nD Ae o. wy »-<, 1915-18 18562. (Sept eae os (ent) ro? 
 CoC T mint ets.) ok. 2 Sesh e.5° 09 6 2 1875 (Apr.), 59 (Sept.) 
 Gricsiiatiot a t.....1925.259.( Dec.) Kuhns; LosM.. 1860. (Sept,). 61 
 Daernblaser; FE. Hs: DiD.... 1886 (Sept. ) 
 Pernest Jo AL. i) Disvtg. fe Pas 1869) “eisher: 5 Gla W aed. Uns ate ee 1883 
 Ehrenfeld, A. C., 1860 (Sept.), 61 © McSherry, G. W.......1914 16, 18 
 
 ( Sept.) Miler wii) iio es aoe, an ke 1898-1900 
 
 oot 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Mullen, Philip H. R.,. 1920-1925 
 ( Dec.) 
 
 Nicholds;: S2:licn lL. Dara 1902-03 
 
 Nicholas; - Wits es a eae 1904-06 
 
 Passavant, Wm. A., D.D.....1864 
 
 Poffinberger, J. W., 1887; 92; 93 
 (Aug.), 96-97, 99, 1903 
 
 WR GGkG SPI or eee. cea oe 1862, 63 
 
 Roland, E. Victor 1920-21, 24 
 
 Schwartz, J. W., D.D., 1893-95, 97- 
 1905, 09-10, 12, 13 
 
 Snyder, Harry G., 1915, 17, 19-21, 23 
 
 Stuekenberg; J... He We DD EID 
 1870 
 
 TomhnsSonm-John- oo... as 1898-1900 
 
 Ulery; Wm. F. ...1862*(Aug.)-63 
 
 Weidley, John, D.D., 1899, 1901, 02, 
 
 04, 05 
 Wales. vG: 7P as DD i tees 1905-07 
 Woods, .. Robert: * Wi,5., DAD, Malo2s 
 
 (Mar.)-25 (Dec.) 
 
 LAY 
 Arnold “Thomas 2M, 3. -2e. 1899 *" Eanes Chomas, His..t: 1857 (Sept.) 
 Bodenhamer, G. W., 1890, 93 (Aug:) Leighton; Henry Si. 2.220... 1905 
 Grawshan,W .Geo.s-¥. oe se 1875" Me@larrenve ris laceees 1884 (Mar). 
 Culp we tasré Wa aes: 18963" 97-909") “McLauchlini yA Se: ee cee 1873 
 pegers) Eloward Gio 949029004): 05.0 Bore sWitlhoe eh kee 1906, 09, 10 
 
 Frederick. Jo ouistess cs. 1921523 
 Georve Willson wn ee eh 1908-10 
 fitteChas pee ee ber hice ene 1905 
 Hill sJohng A; 71893" (Auge). 1925; 
 25 (Dec.) 
 Hiitle Salemp assed se 1873;(Dec») 
 Hoffman, H.-C; MoD:,-1917,. 20-25 
 Keller, Henry M...1884 (Mar.)-85 
 Keeterakk red Wisse. oe acae a 
 
 Rugh, Solomon 1896-97 
 Stifel, Chas. F., 1893 (Aug.), 97- 
 1901, 05, 09, 10 (June) 
 sLOWHSETIG, GO otlcLs » Srant aie emer 
 Townsend. oh 247 io eee ee 
 Townsend, N. E., 1898, 99, 1901, 02 
 Welker, Joseph 
 Wolf, Robbin B., 1915; 16; 18,920; 
 21, 24 
 
 © 0 \dgaile te #16 (6) S16 
 
 & 6 o & ©. \0\'e (6) @ 1e! eo atiogs 
 
 CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA SYNOD (1856) 
 
 CLERICAL 
 
 APSDACH, cla Gries che aes 1880-83" »Focht, D, H.,* 1859 © CSeépt.), +60 
 Dero cesseralt ae Leal. deere tes 1892 (Sept.), 61 (Sept.) 
 Blackwelder, D. M..1871 (Nov.)-73  Eocht, John B., D.D., 1890, 93> 
 Copenhavert cA vache ee. 1873-77 (Aug.) 
 Nip cs ay ea re RAN Hravier, Ji... oo ee 1876 
 
 D200, 507.508, 41; 19-18, 520; Furst, S. E., 1884 (Mar.)-87, 89-91 
 Diffenderfer, Geo. M., D.D....1899 Heis! WL 1879. 80 
 Diven, W. H., 1861 (Sept.), 63, TH pt ean Oy Oi en 
 
 7770 Holloway, H. C., D.D., 1893-95, 97- 
 Ernest, John A., D.D., 1888, 91-99 1901, 03, 04, 05, 07 
 Palen AV Wry ikeo Faye 1909-10  Hoshour, E. E......1894 (May)-97 
 Finckel "Sam. Goes aca ake. 1980. Lane,.. P\, P.,-1856. a Septeaaeeae 
 ise hene Wie Bee DD des oe 1888 (Sept. ) 
 
 352 
 
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 
 
 Leisher, G. W., 1889, 93 (Aug.), 94 
 (May), 97 
 
 McConnell, C. L., D.D., 1895, 97- 
 1903, 05 
 
 Nicholasy | .c.Leeten search 1905, 06 
 lechvne 2 aware ch (fh DBR cere 1909 
 RCA LLC mers meV Liens ete Rie acy dane, 3 1911 
 ERS eg eM gO od Coen eee 1912-16, 18-24 
 Secs. EAN ay eae a See ata 1874 
 
 Rizeres Peter de ore at 1859 (Sept.) 
 
 Gchacthert) Gamhins too eae. 1868-70 
 Stindleys He Caan 1869-71, 75, 77 
 he chorea cheery Me hte 19D). Re 1901-08 
 
 studébakers E.; DD..18/12CNov.); 
 is 
 
 Tomlinson, John ....1878-80, 82-84 
 
 Willard, Philip, 1858 (Sept.), 59 
 (Sept.), 60 (Sept.) 
 
 VV aT Seam fae = lee eee 1861 (Sept.) 
 
 Yingling, Samuel 
 
 LAY 
 
 Saiiiem eter, 1.0, 1862 1 Aug); 
 Fey fall 
 eae rel eill yrs  . 7. 1860 (Sept.) 
 CnupP oaimucl =... 6s, 1861 (Sept.) 
 Biase 1CODS «oR oie oe 1859 (Sept.) 
 Dale, Clement, 1894 (May), 96-1903 
 Deninverebe W. Loins. 1885; 86 
 Pe Dert mo amiueles oo. 1903-07, 09-18 
 ost IA cy eet, see 1919, 21-24 
 (PES AN Ba eae ees 1900-02, 05, 06 
 Mel fetta oas| ula eek cre Gy 1895-99 
 
 Elencu Nicholas’*.<-.. .-. 1877, 78, 80 
 
 ‘Hertzler, John, Sr., 1887-93, 96, 97 
 
 Hoffman, S. B., 1893, 94, 96, 97, 99, 
 1901, 02 
 
 PTOCIOUeELes Se VWVioa en So. 5s 1881, 82 
 Piontonee yin... 21898, -02,).03,.05 
 RMN UC ict sing ky cisisee och a 1904 
 SG 1) 1867-70, 72 
 LOC. a. area ee 1868 
 NMeGonreils Daniel .. 2... <.: £o7 ee / 
 
 Miller, J. Keller, 1869-73, 81, 82, 84 
 Giviara) 
 
 NMiisseh, sOUiel oes ee 1876, 78 
 
 BN OVID SCL bet Cr ance ee nee 1907 
 
 Eericems lamese\ sire fe oe, 1901, 03 
 
 Rothrock, Joseph, 1881, 82, 84 
 (Mar. ) -97 
 
 One sear vie eet ae 1888, 89 
 
 ressler- Aa ope. eee ee 1868 
 
 Tressler, Col. John, 1856 (Sept.), 
 57 (Sept.), 58 (Sept.) 
 
 Shaffer, L.A. Jr., 1909: 10) 12,°13 
 16, 17, 19, 20, 22-24 
 
 Stitzere: Pie Ge. a eee 1879, 82 
 
 VELL LiSmen NV VetT i Rar gtac a ree ee 1884 (Mar.) 
 
 Wolf, Wm., 1872, 74-76, 81, 83,: 84, 
 86, 88 
 
 Zigler. FLent yea 1856 (Sept.) 
 
 MELANCHTHON SYNOD (1860) 
 
 CLERICAL 
 iSyouhize wary Uw a Cad DD Rae 1S6O MOSM eENIXCOLIE sr Ae en ene 1866-67 
 Piguet = manic! s) 0)... a EGGS» Re Saeyae Glee ISS Tile Ae a var 1868 
 Kurtz, Benjamin, D.D., LL.D. Startzman, C. ..1861-63, 65 (Aug.) 
 1860-62, 64 
 LAY 
 Bie oun Coe Doron. a. 18688 ¥ Culler’ Daniel =)... 1868 (Aug.) 
 
 S58 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 SYNOD OF NEW JERSEY (1864) 
 CLERICAL 
 
 Burrell, J. Ilgen, D.D..1865 (Apr.) 
 
 Sheeleigh, \ Matthias, JD. Daan 1864 
 
 SUSQUEHANNA SYNOD (1868) 
 
 CLERICAL 
 Baths olin tien a) tere 1905-07 | “Kooser, Je aXe see oe ere et 1892-94 
 EOLti Win eve! 41031) .5 ieee aces ee 1875 hewsenring, sti. Eo a. Ao ee ee 1888 
 BYCrS Ma UAL Wey Do klse. ater 1916 Manhart, Frank P., D.D....1882-88 
 CUPS Mea Ee Ne vane hee eae 1871 MyersisUe see 1895, 1901 
 Freas, Wm. S., D.D........ 1880, 81 Parson. Georges: oie. aan eee 1876 
 Fascher, >We; D:D, 7/1895-1900,°03, eudisifl Au Jute ee 1905, 06 
 
 05, 06, 09, 11 
 Gadhill ee Oltinn ornate 1896-98 
 Good, Morris F., D.D., 1917-21, 23, 
 24 
 
 Reimensnyder, J. M., D.D., 1895-97, 
 1905, 06 
 
 shindel, My gar cea 1882, 88, 92 
 
 Gotwald, W. H., D.D., 1883, 94 Wagner, John, D.D., 1880-82, 88- 
 Olen) 1911, 13, 14, 18, 20-24 
 Hishes 2529 P. eee en 1e0Q garner rea er oer 1898-1901 
 HigthieG A Ries oe noe ee 1868). Witrte John aen re 1890-94 
 ilinsere) tee che. Poe 1890419028 “AWolt #Ee eb. De eee 1868 
 LAY 
 
 Mller ERS nav cisbee rt reales 1883 Hill, J. Clinton, 1890, 1905, 06, 09, 
 Baldyesstephetieweas: soe es 1868 11 
 
 Beidleman, W. J., 1899, 1901, 03, 05 
 
 Dougherty, ae Eranky Ge ac 1922-23 
 TerOntz, aw Vill ie reieg ae howe 1905-09 
 Gahan leas Macpac tas ee 1873 
 rudy Cm Viteteodes ane: 1893, 95-97 
 
 Harman Prot David 4G.) 11660-9., 
 95, 97-99, 1902-07 
 
 Keller cor Wii ae eee 1895, 97 
 Mausers GAM si, eee eee 1905, 06 
 Nicely aia eran ce ee 1901, 03, 04 
 
 Reimensynder, Geo. B., 1896, 97, 99, 
 1900, 11, 16, 19 
 
 Sheets, J. W., M.D., 1887, 94 (May) 
 
 SYNOD OF NEW YORK AND NEW JERSEY (1875) 
 
 CLERICAL 
 Anderson, George W.......... 1878 Wedekind, A. C., D.D.,. 1875, 76, 
 Baume relia eae oe. 1878-1881 78, 80, 82, 84 (Mar.) 85 
 Borrell: \| lea ace ene 1875/6" —, Werkert,@5° Al> 22 i eee 1880 
 Rlarpster pelo eldest el) eae ne 1883 
 TAY 
 Morris,’ Robert-Got... ..vi ears 1875 Ockershausen, George P. ....1886 
 
 354 
 
DHE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 
 
 SYNOD OF WEST VIRGINIA (1918) 
 
 CLERICAL 
 STISSINAUOL Yer. eS tame 1920 - Snyder, Simon ..71921" (Dec.) 1925 
 TGA Tee se coy eee eee ee Se 1918-19 
 
 SUSQUEHANNA SYNOD OF CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA (1925) 
 
 CLERICAL 
 iSnessiiaten\iaeo., 1.1925 (Mar. 7 Retghard!-|.. Gy 19255¢C Maree Deca) 
 May) Wagner, John, D.D., 1925 (Mar., 
 Good, Morris, F., D.D., 1925 (Mar., Dec. ) 
 Dec. ) 
 LAY 
 Pnplemebciiainine ben O2ome CMara)in Gast llawAy tune tomiet ae adaee 1925 
 
 Dougherty, J. Frank, 1925 (Mar.) 
 
NUMBER OF STUDENTS 
 
 STUDENTS IN ATTENDANCE Ant GetrySBuRG SEMINARY 
 from 1826 To 1926 
 
 SUBJECT TO SLIGHT ERROR BECAULE OF DEFECTIVE RECORDS 
 PLOTTED BY W.R SIEGART 
 
 60 
 
 a ~) 
 $ Ss 3 
 OF STUDENTS 
 
 aA 
 ° 
 NUMBER 
 
 30 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 O-nrnnthbWOonnDd lo o wb fe) w ° Vey ° wo > wo ° wb ° Mw wv 
 PENMAN MNHOHVOS t 4 4 © re) fn N Cs) @ D roy ° ° ° 9 or ae 
 } 1 ' . ' ‘ fy ' ' PD 
 
THE ALUMNI RECORD 
 
 The glory of Gettysburg Seminary is in the men it has trained to preach 
 the Gospel. Exactly fourteen hundred men have been enrolled during the 
 the century, though not all of them entered the ministry. The record of 
 those who were ordained is a magnificent volume of consecrated endeavor 
 and divine blessing. The ministry of the Gospel rises above the praise and 
 honors of men, but some of these faithful preachers of the Word have 
 gone down to obscure graves in neglected churchyards without so much as 
 a stone to tell the coming generations of their toil and self-denial. Others 
 have left their records in rare and almost inaccessible documents. Still 
 others may some day suffer the same fate. It is simply the part of filial 
 piety, therefore, for us who are reaping where they have sown, to rescue 
 from oblivion the facts of their lives and assemble them with the goodly 
 fellowship of all who have had their training in the Seminary at Gettysburg. 
 
 The collective record of the Seminary’s men compels our admiration and 
 fills us with gratitude. It is a splendid register of constructive achievement 
 and spiritual influence, a record of commanding leadership through a long 
 period in the life of the American Lutheran Church, of preachers, teachers 
 and pastors, of missionaries home and foreign, of authors, editors, admin- 
 istrators and executives. The toil and sacrifice, the loving service and 
 blessed ministries of men who consecrated their lives to Jesus Christ and 
 His Church, these pages can only feebly indicate. We can merely set forth 
 the external facts of a man’s life. The character of the man, the good he 
 did, the influence he exerted, the souls he brought to God, the seeds of hap- 
 piness he sowed—all this is written in the Book of Life. 
 
 The assembling of the facts presented in the ALUMNI REcoRD was a 
 prodigious task. For the major portion of this labor we are indebted to 
 Rev. W. R. Siegart, now of Ramsey, New Jersey. The relatively com- 
 plete records of earlier classes, as here published, could be secured only by 
 the most painstaking! efforts and the most persistent research. No sys- 
 tematic attempt had ever, been made to gather the biographical data of the 
 many men who studied at the Seminary. It was necessary therefore to 
 deal with each man individually. Every possible clue to information was 
 noted and the data were secured from almost numberless sources. A com- 
 plete file of The Lutheran Observer, its predecessor The Lutheran Intel- 
 
 357 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 iL a7 Wa A Abs MPa Re hun a 08 ty PADS ASE oii uci Wie WER Sree 47 
 Pi RBA NG RTE ES POE ORE ery A ORG AE OS a EO 40 
 AMS B Gl DOVER DA ey Oa {ype Ge BL ik) Ae sae ees ee 31 
 SORA IO FeO eT tals DEER We Re 32 
 ELSIE GS Pees AE Ua clee , OBL puaVoela. wid ganna 29 
 SE SOE DONE ER Ces LER GPRS Bibel ian Ee OD te tis, aaa Lats hele Feats 38 
 nels ANID WE Uae SUE Bx ey Ope eg pT Oe eae, peel een 44 
 CBR TUS dy! SOIR | OR Re 1 DDE ORE A 53 
 Ths OP UO A, IRR aN SIR nS Ae PS, eet ede 41 
 LTE. § Sa pene oa they OU BARE SWES: | Sis EGR ees as 47 
 Af NT EIR Ey Tl One TELS SOL is eae 46 
 MND Be 1D.) PE RES | AY Om Sit cP AU RS By are 46 
 Pn Ls SACY adr aU SUA PU LCG aio Soe aged ti PP Ue bat gel PL aes 39 
 eT i Foe NS SAN MERU Aa St Ss wh Zehy wih he iain oie ates waits 34 
 SN 5 RO ly AEN NS HRP Sarit hy SLES LA. 9 0 RA ee Rekie  eat eeae 43 
 FF ier ES Fi taal gO tn Na bNie fea ater Oe tLe ae Rhelata Sa ohatat ite wtttonthts 38 
 SRM ae eek caper nD Aue rane tiald Th ea O «Melis CRUE UL Sine Car ea 37 
 py, ORR Tne MesbvcrphENe be Aareishahsticlonahe ANMIER « Psa Chigeeubiers Mab une dobermans ee 41 
 Sina Labat Ate ekaiohetefsdehe alaipvanete ts Wet ei Pa Att dod 4s de tal ahcearsoliten iatebarencatieade hae 50 
 A Tk UA EWE eke Rae aia eas Ot Dim ead ica dues tates otal later semana aa 49 
 Mint} Dom Deak Rae ec! aay Hae LHe Le Me Ni Mele Malet tate asbenclalecas tre ante 41 
 Vila dee 1 FA Tc aaa CRC IU tee pT A Pe MPN al nhals Raat cinerea praia ta ata 31 
 at, 1X Saar RI AUar oa RIL We eg L 4 a MO 2526s. ie CAs, Ue ieee tn 42 
 ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 PCA) ccicle\ one Academy COME diaawieurs committee 
 PED i a catiiy a Allegheny BOTS le ae congregation, congre- 
 BN io oea ae American gational 
 FASE i wnorded Association COMLT Siena eee contributor 
 BESOCLI aad sg associate (pastor) SPae ings ph Central Pennsylvania 
 BSSt He Nett os assistant pec. ee died 
 
 DD ae Bee he born Dati Mead rou daughter 
 
 Baltoieiy costae Baltimore, Md. rel 18 ROR Ge delegate 
 
 DCL i) 9 ke coe ateies board RL eater director 
 
 Geneve tek - about 2 ET ee LOB East 
 
 Wal) ea California ried (CG aS Ecclesiastical 
 
 CaN iis ance Canada MRP SR Ae editor 
 
 AC om a ea hary Central Canada Eng. N. W...English North West 
 Cgo., Chgo... Chicago Pe Aas, roan East Ohio 
 
 ROS FLA chief y SAD N Seer toby Evangelical Review 
 Chi Wie eteee Church 2 OE ERA, ay evangelical 
 
 Tao) Pr Central Illinois Freaker from 
 
 Gols deretis College TANG his vd Franckean 
 
 360 
 
eae ee ee Georgia 
 
 Ghee. ikke Gettsyburg 
 
 Bers Chet a General Council 
 
 LOCK hake ae Geographic 
 
 CES Fees Py German Iowa 
 
 AR CE German Nebraska 
 
 Oppel lh $ret General Synod 
 
 Paes Padded A ral gymnasium 
 
 Piarirre: ote Hartwick 
 
 PRISE oe vue History, Historical 
 
 ERO ee Tce Holston 
 
 1 aR PO ee ha Iowa 
 
 Lier r ses Illinois 
 
 Peas) eas Immanuel 
 
 ol ap Ga ar instructor 
 
 Kan., Kas. .. Kansas 
 
 1 pe ly be Kentucky 
 
 L. C. R. ....Lutheran Church Re- 
 view 
 
 HiGaieeis tae esis licensed 
 
 2 SONG Aa peta ae Lutheran Quarterly 
 
 Lasts er. st Lutheran 
 
 “i Pad 8 aa married 
 
 5 Va yp a ile Manitoba 
 
 po) aa el A Maryland 
 
 ESS Say ae tae Methodist Episcopal 
 
 MERC S oee. Melanchthon 
 
 DME cree, Miami 
 
 PS yg i eae Michigan 
 
 WAG) Stk’. Ministerium 
 
 Bie es ss Minnesota 
 
 BMISSr ess: Mississippi 
 
 Monash sos Missouri 
 
 he RS OP a North 
 
 Rte Sass National 
 
 De sGoo ees North Carolina 
 
 NORE So veci ts Nebraska 
 
 iyo e cae New Jersey 
 
 DREGE PINGS sks New York and New 
 England 
 
 TI ara te ees | near 
 
 PUPS AN es New York 
 
 Ni ates 3’ « Nova Scotia 
 
 iver eas de Ohio 
 
 ALUMNI 
 
 On Be iden Olive Branch 
 
 CHU SN aon alk ee Observer 
 
 9 DE ae ae Ohio District 
 
 tea | Opera det Ohio Joint 
 
 Orde oases ordained 
 
 Oras oh organized 
 
 Pap eed as oa's Pennsylvania 
 
 PAG iss etek Pacific 
 
 Pb., Pgh. ... Pittsburgh 
 
 Phe Ge ose Pittsburgh General 
 Council 
 
 Pi ia ety ie Pittsburgh General 
 Synod 
 
 Ptilarcirsctn ¢ Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 PRUOS EF Ne hele philosophical 
 
 tS gh BY Naneleaed Postmaster 
 
 LOT decals prepared, preparation 
 
 Dress soba president, present 
 
 Presby. ..... Presbyterian, Pres- 
 bytery 
 
 a wh hac age Per principal 
 
 WOT Phar aies professor 
 
 PEO tee satan s proprietor 
 
 LARD A Mgt aig residence 
 
 BE ata be sete pie retired 
 
 1S donetit YBa) as tbe Rocky Mountain 
 
 MRA ER poe son 
 
 ko Ne ass 1S South 
 
 ASP NRTA Shas SF South Carolina 
 
 SCH era amd school 
 
 BOC Duster a ei secretary 
 
 DeMcis aie ly Seminary 
 
 SOC won skh Society 
 
 stad, oo. 72.. ¥student 
 
 ot RE RN Mtg ats Susquehanna 
 
 BYTE eee eek synod 
 
 Dexter ones Texas 
 
 theo Tey theology, theological 
 
 OH K Gate wives Tennessee 
 
 TE aoe aN as translated 
 
 ja gh eet a a treasurer 
 
 Bra Cag Le Lae University 
 
 Wehr. ss United Brethren 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 U. L. C..... United Lutheran Washi ..-3. Washington, Wash- 
 Church ington, D. C. 
 
 Vasa ihe cet Virginia Wiss SUNG Wisconsin 
 
 Wii Ree West NVI ecu ante Wittenberg 
 
 Wartar yi oes Wartburg 
 
 362 
 
STUDENTS 1826 
 
 1826 
 
 ARTZ, WILLIAM, b. Hagerstown, Md., June 1, 1804; grad. Gettysburg 
 Sem. 1829; lic. N. C. Syn. 1830; ord. same 1831; pastor in N. C. Syn. 
 1830-72; 7 times pres. N. C. Syn.; sometime miller nr. Mt. Pleasant, 
 N. C.; m. twice; Ist wife, Sarah, d. Sept. 20, 1867; children, Mrs. Jno. 
 H. Moose, Mrs. Rufus Misenheimer, Geo. V.; d. Apr. 19, 1876. 
 
 EICHELBERGER, LEWIS, b. Frederick Co., Md., Aug. 25, 1803; s. Fred- 
 erick and Ann (Motter) E.; stud. with Drs. Schaeffer and Carnahan; 
 grad. Dickinson Col. 1826; grad. Gbg. Sem. 1828; D.D., Princeton 
 1853; lic. Md. & Va. Syn. 1828; ord. same 1831; pastor Winchester, 
 Va. 1828-33; vicinity of Winchester 1828-49; prof. Southern Sem. 
 1849-58. Conducted Angevona Female Sem. until 1849; ed. and prop. 
 The Virgtnian until 1849; ed. Ev. Luth. Preacher; trustee Gbg. Col.; 
 dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Mary Ann Miller, who d. Sept. 5, 1837; m. Penelope 
 A. Hay, Mar. 14, 1839; 6 children; wrote a Hist. of the Luth Ch, 
 unpublished; d. Sept. 16, 1859. 
 
 GALLOWAY, JOHN SMITH, b. Gettysburg, Pa., Aug. 5, 1806; s. John and 
 Margaret G.; grad. Jefferson Col. 1826; Gbg. Sem. 1826-28; Princeton 
 Sem. 1828-30; lic. Carlisle Presby., 1830; supplied Frederick, Md., 1830; 
 ord. Presby. Miami 1832; pastor Ist. Presby. Ch. Springfield, O., 1832- 
 50; Agt. Am. Bible Soc. 1850-61; principal Cooper Female Sem. Day- 
 ton, O., 1862; d. Aug. 25, 1862. 
 
 HAVERSTICK, HENRY, f. Philadelphia; b. Nov. 24, 1807; grad. Dickinson 
 Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem. 1828; U. Halle 1832-c35; AM., source unknown; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn. 1828; ord. same 1831; pastor Cumberland, Md. 1829- 
 32; in Louisville, Ky., 1835; Somerset, Pa., 1836-39; teaching, 1839-84; 
 some years Phila. H. S.; m. Susan C. K. M. Polk, Aug. 16, 1838; d. 
 Jan. 20, 1884. 
 
 HEILIG, DANIEL, lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1828; ord. same 1836; miss. in 
 Huntingdon, Clearfield and Bedford Cos., Pa., 1828-36; in Preston Co., 
 Va., 1836-c43; miss. to the Indians in the West; stricken f. roll of Md. 
 Syn. 1848; d. before 1876. 
 
 JACOBS, DAVID, b. Franklin Co., Pa., Nov. 22, 1805; s. Henry and Anna 
 Maria (Miller) J.; Hagerstown Acad., 1822-23; A.B., Jefferson Col., 
 
 363 
 
1826 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1825; stud. theo. with B. Kurtz, 1825-26; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1828; lic. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1829; prof. Classical Dept. Sem., 1827-30; d. Nov. 4, 1830. 
 
 KAEMPFER, JACOB, b. Shenandoah Co., Va., July 23, 1800; lic. N. C. 
 Syn., 1830; ord. same, 1831; pastor Rowan Co., N. C., 1830-31; Jeffer- 
 son, Pa., 1831-33; Shrewsbury, Pa., 1833-43; Carlisle, Pa., 1843-48; 
 Manchester, Md., 1848-53; Windsor, Pa., 1853-61; Beaver Springs, Pa., 
 1861-64; Glen Rock, Pa., 1864-68; organ. Hametown cong.; Bible agent 
 and pulpit supply, 1868-80; m. Lydia Oswald; 7 children; d. Jan. 19, 
 1880. 
 
 MOERING, WILLIAM, f. Taneytown, Md. Withdrew from Middle Class 
 to pursue preparatory studies. Nothing further known. 
 
 MORRIS, JOHN GOTTLIEB, b. York, Pa., Nov. 14, 1803; s. John and 
 Barbara (Myers) M.; stud. York Co. Acad.; grad. Dickinson Col., 
 1823; stud. theo. with S. S. Schmucker, 1823-24; stud. Hebrew with 
 Bishop Schulze, 1825; Princeton Sem., 1825-26; Gbg. Sem., 1826-27; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1839; LL.D., Gbg. Col., 1875; lic. Md. and Va. Syn., 
 1826; ord. same, 1827. Pastor Ist Balto., 1826-60; 3rd, Balto, 1864-73; 
 Librarian Peabody Institute, 1860-65; pres. G. S., 1843, 1883; presided . 
 at Luth. Diet of 1877; had been pres. of the following organizations: 
 Balto. Lyceum; Linnean Soc. of Gbg. Col.; Young Men’s Bible Soc. 
 of Balto.; Md. State Bible Soc.; Md. Acad. of Science; Md. Hist. 
 Soc.; Soc. for the Hist. of the Germans in Md.; Luth. Hist. Soc.; Acad. 
 of Ch. Hist. of the Luth. Ch. in America. Founded Linnean Soc. of 
 Gbg. Col.; one of the founders of the Md. Acad. of Science; Hist. Soc. 
 for the Hist. of Germans in Md.; Balto. Co. Hist. Soc.; Luth. Hist. 
 Soc.; Lutherville, Md.; Lutherville Ladies’ Sem.; Ev. Alliance. Dir. 
 Gbg. Sem. and trustee Gbg. Col. for over 60 yrs. Held numerous eccles. 
 and scientific offices. Lecturer on zodlogy Gbg. Col., 1834-95; lecturer 
 in Gbg. Sem., 1874-95; founder and ed. Luth. Obs., 1831-33; member of 
 many learned societies, chief of which are the following: Acad. of Sci- 
 ences, Phila.; Acad. of Sciences, Boston; Soc. of Natural Hist., Nurn- 
 berg; N. Y. Lyceum; Ia. State Hist. Soc.; Soc. of Northern Antiquar- 
 ians, Stockholm; Royal Hist. Soc., London; Am. Assn. for the Ad- 
 vancement of Science; Nat. Soc. of Sciences, Washn.; Am. Philos. Soc.; 
 Brooklyn Entomological Soc. Author of numerous books, papers and 
 articles, chief of which are the following: Life of John Arndt, 1853; 
 The Blind Girl of Wittenberg, 1856; Catherine von Bora, 1856; Syn- 
 opsis of the Described Lepidoptera of the U. S., 1861; Fifty Years in 
 the Luth. Ministry, 1878; Journeys of Luther, 1881: The Stork Fam- 
 ily, 1886; Life Reminiscences of an Old Luth. Minister, 1896; tr. Koest- 
 
 364 
 
ALUMNI We 1S2F 
 
 lin’s Life of Luther, 1883; m. Eliza Hay, Nov. 21, 1827; she d. 1875; 
 surviving children, Annie May, M. Hay, Mrs. M. L. Trowbridge, Mrs. 
 G. M. Leisenring; d. Oct. 10, 1895. 
 
 OEHRLE, BENJAMIN, f. Palmyra, Pa.; b. 1804; prep. private; d. May 5, 
 1827, 
 
 OSWALD, JONATHAN, b. Dec. 20, 1805, nr. Hagerstown, Md.; prep. 
 private and Gbg. gym.; stud. with B. Kurtz; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1829; 
 A.M., Gbg. Col. 1845; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1860; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1829; 
 ord. same, 1830; assoc. Christ’s, York, Pa., 1829-36; pastor St. Paul’s, 
 York, 1836-61; vicinity of York, 1861-76; pres. W. Pa. Syn., 1845-48; 
 dir. York Co. Acad. many years; m. Susan Albright, Oct. 8, 1835; she 
 d. Sept. 21, 1890; 2 surviving children; he d. Feb. 1, 1892. 
 
 ROSENMILLER, DAVID PORTER, b. York, Pa., June 22, 1809; s. Lewis 
 and Rebecca P. R.; prep. Frederick, Md.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1829; lic. 
 N. C. Syn., 1829; ord. same, 1831; pastor Lexington, N. C., 1829-32; 
 Newville, Pa., 1832-40; Dayton, O., 1840-49; Hanover, Pa., 1849-56; at 
 Lancaster, Pa., supplying many chs., 1856-c70; Dauphin, Pa., cl870-80; 
 m. Eliza Sheffer, Sept. 24, 1833; she d. Oct. 17, 1890; he d. Sept. 
 26, 1880. 
 
 1827 
 
 AIKMAN, ALEXANDER, b. Burlington, N. J.; Princeton U. and Sem.; 
 Andover Sem.; Gbg. Sem.; lic. and ord. by Phila. Presby.; pastor at 
 Tallahassee, Fla., St. Augustine, Fla.. New Orleans, La.; d. Apr. 19, 
 1831. 
 
 } 
 ANSPACH, JOHN GEORGE, b. Penn’s Valley, Pa., Sept. 13, 1801; s. John 
 and Catherine (Reinhart) A.; stud. with Rev. Mr. Abele; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1830; ord. same, 1831; agent Am. Tract Soc., 1830-31; pastor 
 Mifflinburg, Pa., 1831-84; m. Susanna Wolf who d. Sept. 19, 1842; chil- 
 dren, Luther Wolf, John Melanchthon; m. Susanna Schoch who d. Aug. 
 3, 1902; children, Amanda Civilla, William Gilbert, Jennie Elizabeth; he 
 
 d. Feb. 8, 1889. 
 
 CAPITO, GEORGE J., f. Baltimore; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1844; ord. same 
 1846; supplied Rosstown and Lewisburg, Pa., 1846; left ministry, 1855. 
 
 FINCKEL, SAMUEL DEVIN, b. Jonestown, Pa., Feb. 22, 1811; stud. theo. 
 with John Stein; lic. Pa. M., 1832; ord. same, 1833; tutor Dauphin Acad. 
 several years; pastor, Middletown, Pa., 1832-33, 1837-40; Taneytown, 
 Md,. 1833-37; Germantown, Pa., 1840-44; Cumberland, Md., 1844-46; Ger- 
 
 365 
 
1828 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 man Ch. Washn., 1846-69; St. Paul’s, Washn., 1869-71; clerk in quar- 
 termaster general’s office, 1848-73; D.D., Irving College, 1859; m. Har- 
 riet, dau. of Michael Keller, Harrisburg, Pa.; d. Feb. 13, 1873. 
 
 GRAEBER, HENRY, b. Jan. 28, 1793, in Pa.; stud. theo. with Melsheimer 
 and Lochman; M.D., source unknown; lic. Pa. M., 1818; ord. Md. Syn., 
 1821; pastor Westminster, Md., cl818-1821; Uniontown, Md., 1821-27; 
 in Lincoln, Rowan and Cabarrus Cos., N. C., 1828-43; d. Sept. 11, 1843. 
 
 MOSER, DANIEL, b. July 5, 1795, in Berks Co., Pa.; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 
 1829; ord. same, 1830; pastor Spruce Creek, Pa., 1829-45; Pinegrove, 
 Pa., 1845-64; m. Catherine Mark, Mar. 24, 1835; 8 children; d. Mar. 
 6, 1864. 
 
 SCULL, WILLIAM, b. Reading, Pa.; lic. Pa. M. 1832; ord. Va. Synod 1833; 
 pastor Woodstock, Va., 1832-33; Madison Courthouse, Va., 1833-34; 
 served pastorates in Augusta Co., Va.; Arkansas; Louisiana; Mary- 
 land and Florida; entered ministry of Episcopal Ch., 1838; introduced 
 “scull bean” into Va.; D.D., source unknown; m. Julia Rush; d. 1870. 
 
 SHARRETTS, NICHOLAS G, b. Selinsgrove, Pa. Nov. 20, 1802; s. Maj. 
 F. and Catherine S.; prep with Benj. Keller; grad. Dickinson Col., 1825; 
 stud. theo. with J. G. Schmucker, 1825-26; stud. Gbg. Sem. Jan. to June, 
 1827; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1826; ord. same, 1827; pastor Indiana, Pa., 1827- 
 36; m. Louisa H. Spottswood, Oct. 9, 1827; she d. Dec. 13, 1878; he d. 
 Dec. 31, 1836. 
 
 YEAGER, GEORGE, b. Chester Co., Pa., c1807; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1830; 
 ord. same, 1831; pastor Lewistown, Pa., cl830-c32; Jefferson and Nel- 
 son Cos., Ky., 1833-42; one of founders of Synod of South West; left 
 ministry, 1846; d. Oct. 2, 1867. 
 
 1828 
 
 BAUGHER, HENRY LOUIS, SR., b. Abbottstown, Pa., July 18, 1804; s. 
 Frederick and Catherine B.; prep. Gbg. Acad.; grad. Dickinson Col., 
 1826; stud. Princeton Sem., 1826-28; stud. Gbg. Sem., 1828; D.D., Dick- 
 inson Col., 1848; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1828; ord. same, 1832; pastor Boons-~ 
 boro, Md., 1829-30; prof. Gbg. Gym., 1831-32; prof. Gbg. Col., 1832-50; 
 pres. Gbg. Col., 1850-68; m. Clara Mary Brooks, Oct. 29, 1829; she d. 
 1881; children Alice, Leegh, H. Louis, Wilmer; d. Apr. 14, 1868. 
 
 | 
 
 GERMAN, WILLIAM, b. Womelsdorf, Pa., Sept. 16, 1796; stud. with Wm. 
 
 Baetis; Gbg. Sem., 1828-29; lic. Pa. M., 1829; ord. same, 1830; pastor 
 
 366 
 
ALUMNI 1828 
 
 near Muncy and Turbotville, Pa., 1829-30; Middleburg, Pa., 1830-42; 
 York Co., Pa., 1842-49; near Allentown, Pa., 1849-51; m. Miss Baum 
 of New Berlin, Pa.; d. June 26, 1851. 
 
 GOTTWALD, DANIEL, b. York Co., Pa., Dec. 16, 1793; s. Andrew G.; 
 farmer and carpenter; circuit rider for U. B. Ch. and then prep. with 
 J. G. Schmucker ; Gbg. Sem., 1828-30; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1830; ord. same, 
 1831; pastor Petersburg, Pa., 1830-38; Aaronsburg, Pa., 1838-43; m. 
 Susan. Mae Crouse, 1818; d. Mar. 11, 1843. 
 
 KLEIN, SAMUEL S., b. Salsburg, Pa., Feb. 15, 1805; prep. private; Gettys- 
 burg Sem., 1828-30; lic. Pa. M., 1830; ord. Hart. Syn., 1831; pastor 
 Buffalo, N. Y., 1830-c33; Lockport, N. Y., cl1833-35; Delaware, O., 
 Wooster, O., Akron, O., Dansville, N. Y., Stroudsburg, Pa., Tripoli, 
 Hamburg, Conyngham, dates uncertain; Ringtown, Pa., 1875-77; d. 
 July 4, 1877. 
 
 KYLE, HENRY DAVID, f. Germany; Gettysburg Seminary, 1828-29; lic. | 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1829; ord. same, 1830; pastor in Clarion, Venango and 
 Armstrong Cos., Pa., 1830-49; unmarried; d. Mar. 24, 1849. 
 
 REYNOLDS, WILLIAM MORTON, b. Little Falls’ Forge, Pa., Mar. 4, 
 1812; s. Geo. R.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1830; grad. Jefferson Col., 1832; 
 D.D., Jefferson Col., 1850; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1835; ord. Pa. M., 1836; 
 ord. deacon Epis. Ch., 1863, and priest, 1864; pastor Deerfield, N. J., 
 1835-36; Warsaw, IIl., cl863-71; Christ Ch., Harlem, Chgo., 1871-76; 
 prof. in N. J., 1832; prin. prep. dept. Gbg. Col. and prof. Latin, 1833- 
 35, 1836-50; pres. Capital U., 1850-53; prin. Female Sem., Easton, Pa., 
 1853-55; prin. Classical Sch. at Allentown, Pa., 1855-57; pres. Ill. State 
 U., 1857-60; prin. Female Sem., Chgo., 1860-c63; Supt. Pub. Schs., War- 
 saw, Ill., 1864; founded Ev. Magazme; founded Ev. Review; one of 
 founders E. Pa. Syn.; ch. ed. G. S. Hymn Book; tr. Acrelius’ Hist. New 
 Sweden; m. Anna M. Swan, June, 1838; children, Elizabeth, Anna, Mrs. 
 T. Vredinburg, Jno., Geo., Chas., Walter; d. Sept. 5, 1876. 
 
 WEYL, CHARLES G., b. Germany, c1801; Gbg. Sem., 1828-30; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1830; ord. same, 1831; pastor Gettysburg, Pa., 1830-32; 
 Lewistown, Pa., 1832-c38; York Springs, Pa., cl1838-c40; Petersburg, 
 Pa., cl840-42; Trinity, Balto., 1842-52; St. Matthew’s, Balto., 1852- 
 55; ed. for some years of Luth. Hirtenstimme; 9 children; d. Aug. 
 21, 1855. 
 
 367 
 
1829-30 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1829 
 GELWICKS, SAMUEL, f. Frederick, Md.; no details known. 
 
 HOFFMAN, JOHN HENRY, f. Franklin Co., Pa.; grad. Gettysburg Sem., 
 1832; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1832; ord. same, 1834; pastor Newry, Pa., 1832- 
 37; Wooster, O., 1837-41; Washingtonville, O., 1841-46; Mansfield, O., 
 1846-52; Upper Sandusky, O., 1852-54; Arcadia, O., 1854-59; Belle- 
 vue, O., 1859-62; Albion, Ind., 1862-64; Salem Center, Ind., 1864-66; 
 Fish Creek, Ind., 1866-67; Cicero, Ind., 1868-70; Taylorsville, Ind., 
 1870-73; m.; d. Apr. 4, 1873. 
 
 HOPE, JOHN C., f. Newberry Dist., S. C.; Gettysburg Gym., 1831; Gettys- 
 burg Sem., 1829-31; lic. S. C. Syn., 1827; ord. same, 1832; pastor Pom- 
 aria, S. C.; suspended by S. C. Syn., 1851. 
 
 RIZER, PETER, b. Cumberland, Md., May 7, 1812; s. Martin and Ann 
 Catherine (Boward) R.; stud. Cumberland Acad.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1832; lic. Md. Syn., 1833; ord. same, 1834; missionary to the Cherokee 
 Indians, 1833-36; pastor, Boonsboro, Md., 1832-33; Corydon, Ind., Day- 
 ton, O., Somerset, Pa., Frederick Co., Md., Cumberland, Md., Sun- 
 bury, Pa., and after Civil War in Md., N. J. and Oswego, N. Y.; chap- 
 lain 79th N. Y. Highland Regt., until forced home with fever; tr. hymns 
 and part of Bible into Cherokee; m. Margaret Peterson Rogers, a de- 
 scendant of Jno. Rogers, the Eng. Martyr, Oct. 25, 1836; she d. Oct. 
 8, 1875; 6 children; he d. Aug. 25, 1886. 
 
 TABLER, JOHN THOMAS, f. Traptown, Md.; Gettysburg Sem., 1829-32; 
 lic. N. C. Syn., 1832; ord. Va. Syn., 1833; pastor in N. C. and Va.; m. 
 Matilda E. Bowen, Apr. 16, 1835; suspended by N. C. Syn., 1841. 
 
 1830 
 
 MENNIG, WILLIAM GOEPFERT, b. Annville, Pa., Feb. 16, 1811; s. Geo. 
 P. and Elizabeth (Goepfert) M.; Gbg. Gym.; Gbg. Sem.; lic. Pa. M., 
 1836; ord. same, 1838; pastor Pottsville and vicinity, 1836-59; St. 
 Paul’s, Allentown, Pa., 1859-77; supplied Foglesville and Macungie; m. 
 Rebecca Seiler, Feb. 1, 1834; 7 children; surviving, Mrs. Allen F. Bar- 
 ber, Mrs. Thos. D. Willcoxon, Luther, Augustus W.; she d. Oct. 30, 
 1858; m. Mrs. Sarah Anna Weaver, June 13, 1861; she d. Sept. 24, 
 1875; m. Aug. 20, 1878, Amanda F. Bachman; he d. July 15, 1887. 
 
 ROTHROCK, SAMUEL, b. Davidson Co., N. C., Nov. 26, 1809; s. Jacob 
 and Esther (Ziegler) R.; Gbg. Gym. and Sem.; lic. N. C. Syn, 1833; 
 ord. same, 1834; pastor Salisbury, N. C., 1833-35, 1836-42; St. Thomas, 
 Pa., 1835-36; Organ Ch., Rowan Co., N. C., 1842-65, 1875-85; Alamance 
 
 368 
 
ALUMNI 1831 
 
 Co., N. C., 1866-67; Guilford Co., N. C., 1867-75; D.D., N. C. Col., 
 1888; Dir. Gbg. Sem. several years; pres. N. C. Syn. several times; m. 
 Miss Hoke of Gettysburg, who d. a year later; m. Amelia Arey, Sept. 
 14, 1837; she d. 1890; he d. Nov. 2, 1894. 
 
 VOGLER, JESSE, b. near Salem, N. C., Dec. 2, 1806; Gettysburg Sem., 
 1830-32; teaching, Nazareth, Pa., 1832-33; entered ministry of Mo- 
 ravian Ch.; miss. to Indians at New Fairfield (Moraviantown), Can., 
 1833-64; led a portion of the Indian band to Ft. Leavenworth, Kas., 1838, 
 returning 1843; acquired Delaware dialect; m. Mary Ann Louisa Miksch, 
 1833; children, Sarah C., Lawrence E., Augustus, Susan E., Alice S., 
 John C., Anson S., Chas. F., Louisa; she d. June 6, 1901; he d. Jan. 
 22, 1865. 
 
 WEISER, REUBEN, B., b. Womelsdorf, Pa., Jan. 20, 1807; s. Benjamin 
 and Catherine (Hide) W.; Gbg. Gym.; Gbg. Sem., 1830-32; D.D., Gbg. 
 Col., 1876; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1832; ord. same 1834; pastor St. Thomas, 
 Pa., 1832-35; Martinsburg, W. Va., 1835-37; Woodsboro, Md., 1837-40; 
 Bedford, Pa., 1841-46; Selinsgrove, Pa., 1846-49; Loysville, Pa., 1853- 
 55; Canton, Ill., 1862-64; Forreston, IIl., 1864-66; Manchester, Md., 
 1866-69; Mahanoy City, Pa., 1869-70; Minersville, Pa., 1870-72; con- 
 ducted a female Sem. at Martinsburg, 1835-37; prin. Female Sem. at 
 Bedford, 1842-46; agt. for Gbg. Col., 1840-41; Agt. Am. Tract Soc., 
 1849-53; mining in Col., 1872-85; one of founders of Wittenberg Col., 
 and of Cent. Col. of Ia.; pres. Cent. Col. of Ia., 1856-62; m. Sarah 
 Bossart, Sept. 10, 1833; she d. May 12, 1898; 4 children; author, Life 
 of Luther, 1853; Regina, 1856; d. Dec. 8, 1885. 
 
 WINGART, JACOB, b. Lexington Dist., S. C., Dec. 2, 1802; s. Jacob 
 W.; lic. S. C. Syn., 1825; pastor Sandy Run, S. C., 1825-29; d. Jan. 13, 
 1831. 
 
 1831 
 
 BABB, AUGUSTUS, b. Reading, Pa, Jan. 19, 1810; prep. Germantown 
 Latin Sch.; Gbg. Gym.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1833; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1876; 
 lic. Va. Syn., 1833; ord. same, 1834; pastor Augusta Co., Va., 1833-38; 
 missionary in W. Pa., 1839; Blairsville, Pa., 1839-45, 1870-76; Mechan- 
 icsburg, Pa., 1845-51; Somerset, Pa., 1852-56; Dickinson, Pa., 1856-60; 
 Turbotville, Pa., 1860-63; agt. for Gbg. Col., 1851; m. Anne Hoffman, 
 1833; she d. 1838; m. Jane Logue, Aug. 4, 1840; she d. June 19, 1872; 
 m. Mrs. Emma Aughey, Oct. 7, 1886; he d. Oct. 11, 1892. 
 
 BANSEMER, CHARLES F., b. Dantzig, Ger.; grad. So. Sem., 1841; D.D., 
 source unknown; lic. S. C. Syn., 1842; ord. same, 1843; entire ministry 
 in S. C. Syn.; pres. N. C. Col.; unmarried; d. Feb. 3, 1889. 
 
 369 
 
1831 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 BARNITZ, J. CHARLES, f. Lancaster Co., Pa.; lic. Pa. M., 1834; ord. 
 same, 1836; pastor Lower Merion, Pa., 1834-c40; Johnstown, Pa., 
 c1840-44; New Holland, Pa., 1844-c52; Millersville, Pa., 1852-54; m. 
 Catherine Franks, Nov. 10, 1836; deposed by Pa. M., 1854. 
 
 DAVIS, JOHN B., b. near Winchester, Va., May 26, 1808; Gettysburg 
 Gym.; Gbg. Sem.; D.D., N. C. Col., 1873; ord. Va. Syn., 1834; pastor 
 Strasburg, Va., 1834-43; Stephen City, Va., 1834-50; Staunton, Va., 
 1850-62; Mt. Pleasant, N. C., 1877-c87; prof. Roanoke Col., 1865-74; 
 pres. N. C. Col., 1875-77; m. Ann Elizabeth Henning, Nov. 10, 1835; 
 she d. Feb. 29, 1845; m. Anna Caroline Sieg, Apr. 20, 1848; children, 
 Mrs. Frank Chalmers, Paul, John, Jeff, Henry, Luther; d. Jan. 3, 1896. 
 
 FUCHS, ANDREAS, b. Steddorf, Hanover, Ger., May 6, 1803; s. John C. 
 and Anna Catherine F.; Gym. at Stade on the Schwinge; Theo. Sem. 
 Stade; Gbg. Sem., 1831-33; tutor in a physician’s family in Rotenberg; 
 cantor in Altenbruch in Hadeln; sailed in S. S. Pilgrim f. Hamburg 
 July 28, 1831, arrived Phila. Sept. 23, 1831; lic. Pa. M., 1833; ord. same, 
 1836; assoc. to Jer. Schindel in Columbia Co., Pa., 1833-35; pastor 
 Bath, Pa., 1835-75; m. Sevilla Anna Yohe, Aug., 1834; 2 daus.; she 
 d. Dec. 16, 1839; m. Charity Schumann, 1840; s. Dr. G. F.; d. Dec. 
 20, 1879. 
 
 HAESBAERT, JOHN, f. Cleve, Prussia; lic. Pa. M., 1833; ord. same 1835; 
 pastor Pine Grove, Pa., 1834; Ger. Ch., Balto., 1835-44; m. Miss Des 
 Grunges f. Prussia, Apr. 28, 1835; in 1844 he sailed for S. Am. and she 
 for Prussia. : 
 
 HOOVER, JESSE, f. York Co., Pa.; Gettysburg Gym. and Sem.; lic. Va. 
 Syn., 1833; ord. same, 1834; pastor Rockingham Co., Va., 1833-c37; Ft. 
 Wayne, Ind., cl1837-38; d. 1838. 
 
 HURSCH, STEPHEN, f. Northumberland Co., Pa.; lic. Pa. M., 1835; no 
 pastorates; d. very early. 
 
 LEITER, GEORGE, s. Jacob L.; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1833; ord. same 1834; 
 missionary in Clearfield Co., Pa., 1833; pastor New Berlin, Pa., 1834- 
 36; in E, O. Syn., 1836-75; m. Leanner Craver Main, Feb. 21, 1837; 
 she d. July 22, 1873; he d. July 12, 1875. 
 
 OSWALD, SAMUEL, f. Washington, D. C.; Gettysburg Gym.; grad. Gettys- 
 burg Sem., 1833; lic. Va. Syn., 1833; ord. same, 1834; pastor New 
 Market, Va., 1833-43; m. Caroline Streher, Feb. 1, 1836; left ministry, 
 1843; d. 1846 or 47. 
 
 370 
 
ALUMNI 1832 
 
 SAHM, PETER, b. near Manheim, Pa., July 1, 1809; Gettysburg Gym., 
 1827-31; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1833; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1869; lic. Pa. M., 
 1833; ord. same, 1836; pastor Maytown, Pa., 1833-35; Middletown, Pa., 
 1835-37; St. Thomas, Pa., 1837-39; Greencastle, Pa., 1839-45; Blairs- 
 ville, Pa., 1845-48; Johnstown, Pa., 1848-53; Indiana, Pa., 1853-58; 
 Friedensburg, Pa., 1858-61; Loysville, Pa., 1861-69; Aaronsburg, Pa., 
 1869-74; New Berlin, Pa., 1874-76; m. Susan Tritle, Mar. 18, 1841; 8 
 children, 4 of whom are Annie, Rev. M. O. T., Dr. W. K. T., J. T. L.; 
 she d. Oct. 9, 1891; instructed many studs. theo.; author, Proper Meth- 
 ods for Treating the Awakened Sinner, 1872; d. Mar. 14, 1876. 
 
 SPRINGER, FRANCIS, b. Franklin Co., Pa., Mar. 19, 1810; Gettysburg 
 Gym. and Sem.; D.D., 1873; lic. Md. Syn., 1836; ord. same, 1837; pas- 
 tor Clearspring, Md., 1836-38; Springfield, Ill., 1838-47, 1852-61, 1866-71, 
 1880-92; chaplain U. S. A., 1861-66; pastor Irving, Ill., 1871-74; Hills- 
 boro, Ill., 1874-78; Litchfield, Ill., 1878-80; pres. Hillsboro Col., 1847-52; 
 pres. Ill. State U., 1852-55; supt. schs. Sangamon and Montgomery Cos., 
 Ill.; conducted a boys’ acad. at Springfield, Ill.; one of founders of Ill. 
 State. U. and Carthage Col.; m. Mary Kreigh, Apr. 11, 1837; 8 chil- 
 dren; she d. Mar. 22, 1884; author, Lutheranism in the U. S., E. R.,, 
 1859; Luth. Ch. in Ill, L. Q., 1873; d. Oct. 21, 1892. 
 
 ULRICH, JOHN, b. near Annville, Pa. July 25, 1808; s. Adam and Ann 
 Marie U.; Moravian Sch. at Lititz, Pa.; Gbg. Gym., 1827-31; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1833; lic. Va. Syn., 1833; ord. same, 1834; pastor Woodstock, 
 Va., 1833-34; Carlisle, Pa., 1834-42; Petersburg, Pa., 1842-55; Shippens- 
 burg, Pa., 1855-59; Sulphur Springs, Pa., 1859-62; Dir. Gbg. Sem.; 
 A.M., Gbg. Col., 1844; m. Susan Catherine Grove, May 15, 1838; 3 
 children; d. May 16, 1862. 
 
 1832 
 
 BOLENIUS, WILLIAM, f. Herford, Ger.; Gettysburg Sem., 1832-33; no 
 details known. 
 
 BOYER, SIMON R., b. 1810; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1835; ord. same, 1836; 
 pastor Mifflintown, Pa., 1835-46; Turbotville, Pa., 1846-59; Mechanics- 
 burg, Pa., 1859-60; Hinkeltown, Pa., 1860-68; Lyons Chg., Pa., 1868-73; 
 Millersville, Pa., 1874-79; m. Rachael Baum, Aug. 11, 1835; 4 children: 
 d. Mar. 19, 1881. 
 
 EGGERS, LOUIS GUSTAVUS, b. Luten, Hanover, Ger., Feb. 14, 1805; 
 s. Henry and Charlotte (Lambrecht) E.; emigrated, 1822; Gbg. Gym., 
 1829-32; grad. Gbg. Sem. 1835; lic. Pa. M., 1835; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 
 1836; pastor, Nittany Chge., Pa., 1835-47; Palmyra, Pa., 1847-52, 
 
 371 
 
1832 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1871-75; Stouchburg, Pa., 1852-67; Trevorton Chge., Pa., 1869-71; m. 
 Lydia Schaeffer, Feb. 6, 1838; she d. Oct. 16, 1868; m. Mrs. Elizabeth 
 B. Kettering (nee Harper), Aug., 1872; she d. 1893; children L. T., 
 Mrs. J. W. Early, Mrs. B. F. Beck; d. Oct. 30, 1882. 
 
 GOERTNER, NICHOLAS W., b. Canajoharie, N.Y., 1811; s. Geo. and 
 Mary Catherine (Westerman) G.; ord. Md. Syn., 1834; pastor, Win- 
 chester, Va., 1834-36; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1837-45; Lockport, N. Y., 
 1845-48; Palmyra, N. Y., 1848-50; Canandagua, N. Y., 1850-51; N. Y. 
 City, 1852; Phila., 1853-81; entered ministry Presby. Ch. 1848; Agt. 
 Am. Tract Soc. in Phila.; prof. in Hamilton Col.; D.D., Genesee Col., 
 1854; d. Jan. 10, 1887. 
 
 HARKEY, SIMEON W., b. Iredell Co.; N. C., Dec. 3, 1811; s. John and 
 Sarah H.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1834; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1844; D.D., Witten- 
 berg Col., 1850; lic. Md. Syn., 1834; ord. same, 1837; pastor, Williams- 
 port, Md., 1834-35; Woodsboro, Md., 1835-37; Frederick, Md., 1837-52; 
 St. Louis, Mo., 1867-69; Washn., Ill., 1871-79; Knoxville, Ill., 1879-89 ; 
 prof. Ill. State U., 1852-67; pres. Ill. State U., 1856-58, 1860-65; prof. 
 Knoxville Inst.; assisted in recovery of Knoxville Inst.; ed. Olive 
 Branch; ed. Mirror of the Times; author, Church’s Best State, 1842; 
 Just. by Faith as Held and Taught by Lutherans, 1875; m. Elizabeth 
 Mitman, Sept. 22, 1834; she d. Nov. 18, 1865; m. Mrs. Louisa R. Lescher 
 (nee Scherer), Aug. 28, 1866; he d. Mar. 1, 1889. 
 
 MUELLER, WASHINGTON, f. Charleston, S. C.; Gettysburg Sem. summer 
 session, 1832; U. Berlin, 1832-33; lic. S. C. Syn., 1833; not renewed; 
 prof. languages in Lexington, S. C., Lit. Inst.; spent life in teaching; 
 m. Elizabeth Schwartz, May, 1834. 
 
 REESE, CHARLES, b. Lancaster Co., Pa., Nov. 4, 1797; grad. Gettysburg 
 Sem., 1835; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1835; ord. same, 1836; pastor, Berlin, Pa., 
 1835-43; Aaronsburg, Pa., 1843-52, 1857-58; Brickersville, Pa., 1852-56; 
 Bernville, Pa., 1856-57; Salona, Pa., 1858-60; d. Oct. 24, 1870. 
 
 RING, JAMES P., b. Charleston, S. C.; S. C. Col.; Gettysburg Sem.; 
 grad. So. Sem., 1835; lic. S. C. Syn., 1835; ord. same, 1838; prof. Rich- 
 mond Acad., Augusta, Ga., 1840-52; d. Apr. 12, 1852. 
 
 SAYFORD, SAMUEL, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Feb. 16, 1806; stud. theo. with 
 Lochman, 1831-32; Gbg. Sem., 1832-35; lic. Va. Syn., 1835; ord. same, 
 1835; pastor, Botecourt, Roanoke and Floyd Cos., Va., 1835-48; Dela- 
 ware Co., Ind., and vicinity, 1848-64; m. Mary Miller, Apr. 11, 1837; 7 
 children; d. Nov. 18, 1865. 
 
 372 
 
ALUMNI 1833 
 
 SCHMUCKER, GEORGE, b. Woodstock, Va., Feb. 18, 1807; s. Nicholas 
 S.; York Co. Acad.; Gbg. Sem.; pastor, Upper Tract, W. Va.; lic. by 
 Va. Syn., 1837, but suspended in 1838 when he entered O. Jt. Syn.; one 
 of founders of Va. Concordia Syn.; d. Aug. 10, 1886. 
 
 1833 
 
 AREY, BENJAMIN, b. Rowan Co., N. C., May 3, 1810; Gettysburg Col., 
 1831-33; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1836; lic. N. C. Syn., 1836; ord. same, 1838; 
 pastor, Rowan Co., N. C., 1836-46; Statesville, N. C., 1846-55; left 
 Luth. ministry 1855 and engaged in farming near Elmwood, N. C.; m. 
 Maria P. Raynor, Apr. 19, 1836; 11 children; she d. Jan. 9, 1876. 
 
 CORTETZ, FREDERICK WILLIAM, f. Saxony; at Piketon, Stark Co., O., 
 1838; no details known; d. early. 
 
 MILLER, DANIEL, b. c1812; Gettysburg Gym. and Sem.; A. M., Gettys- 
 burg Col., 1844; lic. Md. Syn., 1836; pastorates, Williamsport, Md.; 
 Chester Springs, Pa.; m. Cornelia S. Moore, Nov. 15, 1836; d. May 17, 
 1851. 
 
 OSWALD, SOLOMON, b. Washington Co., Md., Jan. 28, 1810; Gettysburg 
 Gym. and Sem.; lic Md. Syn., 1835; ord. same, 1837; pastor, Boons- 
 boro, Md., 1835-39; prof. Female Sem., Frederick, Md., 1839-40; busi- 
 ness in York, Pa., 1840-76; m. Susan L. Smyser, Oct. 2, 1837; she d. 
 July 24, 1848; m. Henrietta Peiper, Apr. 30, 1850; he d. Mar. 29, 1876. 
 
 RITZ, SOLOMON, b. Washington Co., Md., Feb. 17, 1809; s. Henry and 
 Mary R.; Gbg. Gym. and Sem.; lic. O. Dis. Syn., 1836; ord. same, 1839; 
 pastor, Mansfield, O., 1836-40; Wooster, O., 1840-42; Bolivar, O., 
 1842-47; Xenia, O., 1847-52; Ashland, O., 1852-55; Tipton, Ia., 1855-58; 
 Lena, Ill., 1860-61; Cedarville, Ill, 1861-62; Polo, Ill, 1862-64; Knox- 
 ville, Ill., 1866; Smithville, O., 1868; Berlin Center, O., 1869-70; Co- 
 umbia City, Ind., 1870-71; Vandalia, O., 1871-72; Wadsworth, O., 
 1872-73; Yellow Springs, O., 1873; N. Georgetown, O., 1873-74; farmed 
 at Bradford, Ia., 1858-60, 1872; Agt. Seamen’s Friend Soc., 1864-66; 
 Agt. for Mendota Col., 1866-68; m. Elizabeth Gambrill, July 11, 1837; 
 11 children; she d. Sept. 15, 1871; m. Mary M. Kieffer, Sept. 21, 1873; 
 he d. Jan. 7, 1874. 
 
 SCHOLL, WILLIAM NACE, b. Hanover, Pa., Sept. 9, 1805; stud. Balti- 
 more; Gbg. Sem.; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1866; lic. Pa. M., 1836; ord. same, 
 1838; pastor, Germantown, Pa., 1836-40; Canajoharie, N. Y., 1840-51; 
 Wurtemberg, N. Y., 1851-55; Norristown, Pa., 1855-58; Athens, N. Y., 
 1858-65; West Milton, N. Y., 1870-78; prin. Hart. Sem., 1865-70; pres. 
 bd. Hart. Sem.; d. June 12, 1889. : 
 
 373 
 
1834 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1834 
 
 DUEY, JACOB C., b. Germantown, Pa., Oct. 10, 1808; lic. Pa. M., 1836; 
 ord. same, 1838; pastor, Friesburg, N. J., 1836-39; Saddle River, N. Y., 
 1839-47; Churchtown, N. Y., 1847-53; New Germantown, N. J., 1853-72; 
 m. Cornelia Moore, cl1833; she d. c1845; m. Emeline Murphy, Mar. 11, 
 1851; she d. Dec. 21, 1886; he d. Mar. 25, 1882. 
 
 GUENTHER, CHARLES C., b. Philadelphia, Nov. 19, 1800; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1836; ord. same, 1838; pastor, Blair Co., Pa., 1836-41; N. George- 
 town, O., 1841-49; Jeromeville, O., 1849-52; New Middletown, O., 1852- 
 55; Warren, O., 1855-c60; taught sch. in Milton and Lewisburg, Pa., 
 1820-34; author, Dialogue on Baptism, 1848; d. Sept. 23, 1865. 
 
 HEILIG, WILLIAM, b. Germantown, Pa., June 7, 1813; s. Adam and 
 Margaret H.; Mt. Airy Acad.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1839; Gbg. Sem.; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1841; ord. same, 1842; pastor, Abbottstown, Pa., 1841-45; 
 Mt. Joy, Pa., 1845-47; Chestnut Ridge, Md., 1868-88; prin. Male Acad., 
 Mt. Joy, Pa., 1845-47; prin. Emmaus Inst., Middletown, Pa., 1847-55; 
 prin. Female Sem., Lutherville, Md., 1855-61; prof. German and his- 
 tory, Balto. City H. S., 1861-68; P. M. Lutherville, Md., 1857-66; m. 
 Mary B. Carl, Mar. 3, 1843; she d. Jan. 16, 1863; he d. Oct. 19, 1888. 
 
 HEISELY, F. KURTZ. No details known. 
 
 MARTIN, CHARLES, b. near Norristown, Pa., Jan. 12, 1812; M. D., U. 
 of Pa., 1833; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1837; lic. Pa. M., 1837; ord. Md. Syn., 
 1837; pastor, Martinsburg, W. Va., 1837-41, 1860-61; St. James, N. Y., 
 1841-51; Zion, York, Pa., 1851-55; S. Balto., 1864-66; Norway, Kas.; 
 agt. Am. Tract Soc., 1855-58; prof. Lutherville Female Sem., 1855-58; 
 home miss. supt., 1858-60; surgeon 96th Ill. Vols. during Civil War; 
 prin. Kee Mar Col., Hagerstown, Md., 1866-69; founded Young Ladies’ 
 Inst., St. Joseph, Mo., 1869, and pres., 1869-94; m. Eliza Jeanette Carl- 
 ton, May 11, 1837; she d. Apr. 10, 1846; 2nd wife, Harriet A., d. May 
 24, 1862; m. 3rd, Lucinda C. Robinson, Nov. 9, 1865; he d. Mar. 7, 1896. 
 
 SPRECHER, SAMUEL, b. Washington Co., Md., Dec. 28, 1810; s. David 
 S.; Gbg. Col. and Sem.; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1842; D.D., W. & J. Col. 
 1849; LL.D., Gbg. Col., 1874; pastor, Harrisburg, Pa., 1836-40; Mar- 
 tinsburg, W. Va., 1842-43; Chambersburg, Pa., 1843-49; prin. Emmaus 
 Inst., Middletown, Pa., 1840-42; pres., Wittenberg Col., 1849-74; prof. 
 philos. and theo., 1874-80; prof. systematic theo., 1880-84; prof. Emer- 
 itus, Wittenberg, 1884-1906; pres. G. S., 1864-66; m. Catherine 
 Schmucker, Oct. 13, 1836; she d. Nov. 7, 1879; children, Geo. S., Sam- 
 
 374 
 
ALUMNI 1835 
 
 uel P., Olivia, Laura C., Gustavus A., Cecil S., Luther M., Efeanor, 
 Edward; author, Groundwork of a System of Ev. Luth. Theo., 1874; d. 
 Jan. 10, 1906. 
 
 YOUNGE, EDWARD C., f. Baltimore; Gettysburg Col. and Sem.; d. 
 early; no details known. 
 
 1835 
 
 GAVER, JOHN, f. Middletown, Md.; Gettysburg Col. and Sem.; no de- 
 tails known. 
 
 JONES, M. J. No details known. 
 
 KOLLER, DANIEL, b. Northumberland Co., Pa.; ord. W. Pa. Synod, 
 1838; pastor, Berks Co., Pa., 1839-53; stricken from roll of Pa. M., 
 1853. 
 
 PAYNE, DANIEL ALEXANDER (colored); b. Charleston, S. C., 1811; 
 taught colored sch. in S. C.; Gbg. Sem., 1835-37; lic. Franck. Syn., 1837; 
 ord. same, 1839; D.D., source unknown; LL.D., Lincoln U.; pastor, 
 Troy, N. Y., Phila., Washn.; 1844 entered ministry of A. M. E. Ch.; 
 elected bishop, 1852; elected pres., Wilberforce U., 1865; del. Oecumen- 
 ical Council in London; del. World’s Parliament of Religions; ed. Re- 
 pository of Rel. and Lit.; author, History of the A. M. E. Ch., Recol- 
 lections of Men and Things, Domestic Education; d. Dec. 7, 1893. 
 
 SECHLER, JACOB, b. Northumberland Co., Pa., Mar. 18, 1806; stud. 
 Acad. at Reistertown, Md., York, Pa. H. S., Ref. Sem. at York, Pa.; 
 Gbg. Sem., 1835-37; ord. Zion Classis; pastor (Ref. Ch.), Hanover, 
 Pa., 1837-59; Littlestown, Pa., 1859-67; Manheim Chge., Pa., 1867-79; 
 m. Anna Harmony, Apr. 3, 1838; 10 children; d. May 10, 1880. 
 
 SMITH, WILLIAM H., b. Georgetown, D. C., Oct. 8, 1816; s. Lewis S.; 
 grad. Gbg. Col., 1834; Gbg. Sem., 1835-37; M.D., source unknown; lic. 
 Syn., 1837; ord. S. C. Syn., 1839; assoc. Charleston, S. C., 1839-43; 
 pastor, Balto., 1837-39; Ist, Pgh., Pa., 1843-44; St. Louis, Mo., 1844-48; 
 Ardmore, Pa., 1848-50; Barren Hill, Pa., 1850-52; stricken f. the roll 
 E. Pa. Syn., 1854; m. Caroline C. Trescott, May 28, 1840; he was a 
 scientist and inventor; d. London, Eng., c1875. 
 
 STARTZMAN, CHRISTIAN, b. Hagerstown, Md., Dec. 1, 1809; Gettys- 
 burg Col. and Sem.; lic. Md. Syn., 1838; ord. same, 1839; pastor, Wil- 
 liamsport, Md., 1838-49; Lovettsville, Va., 1849-53; Clearspring, Md., 
 
 375 
 
1836 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1853-54, 1866-74; Myersville, Md., 1854-59, 1861-66; Sharpsburg, Md., 
 1859-61; m. Eliza A. Anekeny, Jan. 12, 1846; she d. Jan. 31, 1897; he d. 
 Mar. 3, 1880. 
 
 ZIEGLER, JACOB, b. Rockland, Pa., Jan. 5, 1809; s. John Z.; York, 
 Pa. Acad.; Gbg. Sem., 1835-37; ord. Ref. Ch. at Red Hook, N. Y., 1837; 
 pastor (Ref. Ch.), Chester Co., Pa., 1837-38; Bedford Co., Pa., 1838- 
 49; Gettysburg, Pa., and vicinity, 1849-66; Paradise Chge., York Co., 
 Pa., 1866-72; m. Anna Mary Danner, Dec. 20, 1837; children, Mary, 
 Anna, Emma C., Ed. D., Maria, Louisa, John, Wm., Susan, Jacob, Fan- 
 nie, Chas.; d. Nov. 10, 1888. 
 
 1836 
 
 BITTLE, DAVID FREDERICK, b. near Myersville, Md., 1811; s. Thos. 
 and Mary (Baer) B.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835; Gbg. Sem., 1836-37; D.D., 
 Gbg. Col., 1854; lic. Va. Syn., 1837; ord. same, 1839; pastor, Augusta 
 Co., Va., 1837-45; Middletown, Md., 1845-52; tutor Gbg. Col., 1836-37; 
 founded Va. Inst.; agt. Hagerstown Female Sem. and Home Miss. Soc., 
 1852-53; pres. Roanoke Col., 1853-76; m. Louisa C. Krauth, Nov. 13, 
 1837; author, Remarks on New Measures, 1839, Female Education, Our 
 Responsibilities, Appeal to the Ger. Population of Va., 1852; d. Sept. 
 25, 1876. 
 
 BOTT, WILLIAM, f. York, Pa.; Gettysburg Col., 1834-36; d. very early. 
 
 ELLINGER, JOHN GEORGE, b. Germany, Mar. 16, 1811; emigrated 1829; 
 Gbg. Col. and Sem.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1838; ord. same, 1839; pastor, 
 McConnelstown, Pa., 1838-40; Lewistown, Pa., 1840-42; Mahoning City, 
 O., 1842-52, 1853-63; Shippenville, Pa., 1852-53; Pardee, Kas., 1864-70; 
 m. Mary Ann Brumgart, Oct. 31, 1842; d. Feb. 24, 1875. 
 
 EYSTER, MICHAEL, b. near York, Pa., May 16, 1814; s. Adam and 
 Elizabeth E.; F. & M. Col., Gbg. Col.; Gbg. Sem., 1836-38; lic. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1838; ord. same, 1839; pastor, Williamsburg, Pa., 1838-46; 
 Greencastle, Pa., 1846-49; Greensburg, Pa., 1849-53; m. Julia Ann 
 Eichelberger, Feb. 5, 1839; she d. Aug. 15, 1848; he d. Aug. 11, 1853. 
 
 GERHARDT, LEONARD, b. Hesse-Darmstadt, Ger., Aug. 20, 1804; s. 
 Balthaser and Anna Marie (Hentz) G.; emigrated, 1819; Gbg. Sem, 
 1836-37; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1837; ord. same, 1838; pastor, Abbottstown, 
 Pa., 1837-38, 1850-61; Lancaster Co., Pa. ,1838-47; Middletown, Pa., and 
 vicinity, 1847-50; Somerset, Pa., 1861-66; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1867-77; 
 
 376 
 
ALUMNI 1836 
 
 m. Anna Barbara Wolf, Jan. 17, 1843; children, Samuel, Luther, Gus- 
 tavus; m. Margaret E. Kurtz, June 25, 1873; she d. June 2, 1911; he d. 
 May 13, 1877. 
 
 KELLER, EZRA, b. near Middletown, Md., May 12, 1812; s. Jacob and 
 Rosanna (Daub) K.; stud. with A. Reck, 1830; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835; 
 Gbg. Sem.; D.D., Jefferson Col., 1845; ord. Md. Syn., 1837; pastor, 
 miss. in west, 1836-37; Taneytown, Md., 1837-40; Hagerstown, Md., 
 1840-44; pres. Wittenberg Col., 1844-48; m. Caroline Routzong, Apr. 25, 
 1837; d. Dec. 29, 1848. 
 
 SCHAEFFER, CHARLES WILLIAM, b. Hagerstown, Md., May 5, 1813; 
 s. Fred S. and Catherine E. (Cremer) S.; Germantown Acad.; grad. U. 
 of Pa., 1832; Gbg. Sem. summer, 1836; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1852, U. of 
 Pa., 1879; LL.D., Thiel Col., 1887; lic. Pa. M., 1835; ord. same, 1836; 
 pastor, Barren Hill, Pa., 1835-41; Harrisburg, Pa., 1841-49; St. 
 Michaels, Germantown, Pa., 1849-75; pres. G. S., 1859; trustee Gbg. 
 Col., 1855-73; pres. G. C., 1868; trustee Muhlenberg Col., 1868-76; 
 prof. Mt. Airy Sem., 1864-94; trustee U. of Pa., 1859-96; m. Elizabeth 
 Ashmead, 1837; children, Katharine, Charles, Eva, Rev. Wm. A.; 
 author, Early Hist. of the Luth. Ch. in Am., 1857; tr. Halle Reports, 
 Wackernagle’s Luther, Sach’s Wittenberg Nightingale, many hymns; ed. 
 Lutheran, Foreign: Miss., Philadelphian; d. Mar. 15, 1896. 
 
 STOEVER, CHARLES FRANKLIN, b. Lebanon, Pa., Feb. 28, 1811; s. 
 Jacob and Mary S.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835; Gbg. Sem.; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1836; ord. Pa. M., 1838; pastor, Milton, Pa., 1836-45; Berrysburg, 
 Pa., 1845-50; Dauphin, Pa., 1850-54; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1854-73; m. 
 Louisa Sophia Van Hoff, Dec. 12, 1837; d. Feb. 17, 1880. 
 
 STORK, THEOPHILUS, b. near Salisbury, N. C., Aug., 1814; s. Chas. 
 A. G. S.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835, and Gbg. Sem., 1837; D.D., source un- 
 known; lic. Md. Syn., 1837; ord. Va. Syn., 1839; pastor Winchester, 
 Va., 1837-41; St. Matt., Phila., 1841-50; St. Mark’s Phila., 1850-58; 
 St. Mark’s, Balto., 1860-65; St. Andrew’s, Phila., 1865-71; assoc. Mes- 
 siah Phila., 1871-72; one of founders of E. Pa. Syn.; pres. New- 
 berry Col., 1858-60; ed. Home Journal, Luth. Home Monthly; joint ed. 
 several years of Luth. Obs.; author, Luther at Home, Luther and the 
 Bible, Luther’s Xmas Tree, Children of the N. T., Home Scenes of the 
 N. T., Jesus in the Temple, Afternoon, The Unseen World; m. Mary 
 Jane Lynch, Nov. 16, 1837; she d. Aug. 28, 1846; m. Emma Baker, who 
 d. May 24, 1917; children, Chas. A., Wm. L., Theophilus B.; he d. 
 Mar. 28, 1874. 
 
 377 
 
1836 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1853-54, 1866-74; Myersville, Md., 1854-59, 1861-66; Sharpsburg, Md., 
 1859-61; m. Eliza A. Anekeny, Jan. 12, 1846; she d. Jan. 31, 1897; he d. 
 Mar. 3, 1880. 
 
 ZIEGLER, JACOB, b. Rockland, Pa., Jan. 5, 1809; s. John Z.; York, 
 Pa. Acad.; Gbg. Sem., 1835-37; ord. Ref. Ch. at Red Hook, N. Y., 1837; 
 pastor (Ref. Ch.), Chester Co., Pa., 1837-38; Bedford Co., Pa., 1838- 
 49; Gettysburg, Pa., and vicinity, 1849-66; Paradise Chge., York Co., 
 Pa., 1866-72; m. Anna Mary Danner, Dec. 20, 1837; children, Mary, 
 Anna, Emma C., Ed. D., Maria, Louisa, John, Wm., Susan, Jacob, Fan- 
 nie, Chas.; d. Nov. 10, 1888. 
 
 1836 
 
 BITTLE, DAVID FREDERICK, b. near Myersville, Md., 1811; s. Thos. 
 and Mary (Baer) B.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835; Gbg. Sem., 1836-37; D.D., 
 Gbg. Col., 1854; lic. Va. Syn., 1837; ord. same, 1839; pastor, Augusta 
 Co., Va., 1837-45; Middletown, Md., 1845-52; tutor Gbg. Col., 1836-37; 
 founded Va. Inst.; agt. Hagerstown Female Sem. and Home Miss. Soc., 
 1852-53; pres. Roanoke Col., 1853-76; m. Louisa C. Krauth, Nov. 13, 
 1837; author, Remarks on New Measures, 1839, Female Education, Our 
 Responsibilities, Appeal to the Ger. Population of Va., 1852; d. Sept. 
 25, 1876. 
 
 BOTT, WILLIAM, f{. York, Pa.; Gettysburg Col., 1834-36; d. very early. 
 
 ELLINGER, JOHN GEORGE, b. Germany, Mar. 16, 1811; emigrated 1829; 
 Gbg. Col. and Sem.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1838; ord. same, 1839; pastor, 
 McConnelstown, Pa., 1838-40; Lewistown, Pa., 1840-42; Mahoning City, 
 O., 1842-52, 1853-63; Shippenville, Pa., 1852-53; Pardee, Kas., 1864-70; 
 m. Mary Ann Brumgart, Oct. 31, 1842; d. Feb. 24, 1875. 
 
 EYSTER, MICHAEL, b. near York, Pa, May 16, 1814; s. Adam and 
 Elizabeth E.; F. & M. Col., Gbg. Col.; Gbg. Sem., 1836-38; lic. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1838; ord. same, 1839; pastor, Williamsburg, Pa., 1838-46; 
 Greencastle, Pa., 1846-49; Greensburg, Pa., 1849-53; m. Julia Ann 
 Eichelberger, Feb. 5, 1839; she d. Aug. 15, 1848; he d. Aug. 11, 1853. 
 
 GERHARDT, LEONARD, b. Hesse-Darmstadt, Ger., Aug. 20, 1804; s. 
 Balthaser and Anna Marie (Hentz) G.; emigrated, 1819; Gbg. Sem., 
 1836-37; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1837; ord. same, 1838; pastor, Abbottstown, 
 Pa., 1837-38, 1850-61; Lancaster Co., Pa. ,1838-47; Middletown, Pa., and 
 vicinity, 1847-50; Somerset, Pa., 1861-66; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1867-77; 
 
 376 
 
ALUMNI 1836 
 
 m. Anna Barbara Wolf, Jan. 17, 1843; children, Samuel, Luther, Gus- 
 tavus; m. Margaret E. Kurtz, June 25, 1873; she d. June 2, 1911; he d. 
 May 13, 1877. 
 
 KELLER, EZRA, b. near Middletown, Md., May 12, 1812; s. Jacob and 
 Rosanna (Daub) K.; stud. with A. Reck, 1830; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835; 
 Gbg. Sem.; D.D., Jefferson Col., 1845; ord. Md. Syn., 1837; pastor, 
 miss. in west, 1836-37; Taneytown, Md., 1837-40; Hagerstown, Md., 
 1840-44; pres. Wittenberg Col., 1844-48; m. Caroline Routzong, Apr. 25, 
 1837; d. Dec. 29, 1848. 
 
 SCHAEFFER, CHARLES WILLIAM, b. Hagerstown, Md., May 5, 1813; 
 s. Fred S. and Catherine E. (Cremer) S.; Germantown Acad.; grad. U. 
 of Pa., 1832; Gbg. Sem. summer, 1836; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1852, U. of 
 Pa., 1879; LL.D., Thiel Col., 1887; lic. Pa. M., 1835; ord. same, 1836; 
 pastor, Barren Hill, Pa. 1835-41; Harrisburg, Pa., 1841-49; St. 
 Michaels, Germantown, Pa., 1849-75; pres. G. S., 1859; trustee Gbg. 
 Col., 1855-73; pres. G. C., 1868; trustee Muhlenberg Col., 1868-76; 
 prof. Mt. Airy Sem., 1864-94; trustee U. of Pa., 1859-96; m. Elizabeth 
 Ashmead, 1837; children, Katharine, Charles, Eva, Rev. Wm. A.; 
 author, Early Hist. of the Luth. Ch. in Am., 1857; tr. Halle Reports, 
 Wackernagle’s Luther, Sach’s Wittenberg Nightingale, many hymns; ed. 
 Lutheran, Foreign Miss., Philadelphian; d. Mar. 15, 1896. 
 
 STOEVER, CHARLES FRANKLIN, b. Lebanon, Pa., Feb. 28, 1811; s. 
 Jacob and Mary S.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835; Gbg. Sem.; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1836; ord. Pa. M., 1838; pastor, Milton, Pa., 1836-45; Berrysburg, 
 Pa., 1845-50; Dauphin, Pa., 1850-54; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1854-73; m. 
 Louisa Sophia Van Hoff, Dec. 12, 1837; d. Feb. 17, 1880. 
 
 STORK, THEOPHILUS, b. near Salisbury, N. C., Aug., 1814; s. Chas. 
 A. G. S.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1835, and Gbg. Sem., 1837; D.D., source un- 
 known; lic. Md. Syn., 1837; ord. Va. Syn., 1839; pastor Winchester, 
 Va., 1837-41; St. Matt., Phila., 1841-50; St. Mark’s Phila. 1850-58; 
 St. Mark’s, Balto., 1860-65; St. Andrew’s, Phila., 1865-71; assoc. Mes- 
 siah Phila., 1871-72; one of founders of E. Pa. Syn.; pres. New- 
 berry Col., 1858-60; ed. Home Journal, Luth. Home Monthly; joint ed. 
 several years of Luth. Obs.; author, Luther at Home, Luther and the 
 Bible, Luther’s Xmas Tree, Children of the N. T., Home Scenes of the 
 N. T., Jesus in the Temple, Afternoon, The Unseen World; m. Mary 
 Jane Lynch, Nov. 16, 1837; she d. Aug. 28, 1846; m. Emma Baker, who 
 d. May 24, 1917; children, Chas. A., Wm. L., Theophilus B.; he d. 
 Mar. 28, 1874. 
 
 377 
 
1837 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 TOWN, EDWIN, f. Philadelphia; lic. N.Y. Min., 1839; ord. Md. Classis 
 Ref. Ch., 1844; dismissed by N. Y. Min. to Phila. Classis, 1842; to Md. 
 Classis, 1843; to 3rd Presby., Phila., 1844; pastor, Friesburg, N. J., 1839; 
 Ardmore, Pa., 1840-42; Wilmington, Del. (Presby.); d. 1879. 
 
 WALTER, JACOB F., f. Tuscarawas Co., O.; Gettysburg Col. and Sem.; 
 no details known; d. very early. 
 
 WEIBEL, JOHN, b. c1807; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1837; ord. same 1838; 
 pastor, Rosstown, Pa., 1837-c42; d. Aug. 9, 1857. 
 
 WILLIAMS, JOHN T., b. York Co., Pa, Nov. 11, 1806; lic. W. Pa: 
 Syn., 1838; ord. same, 1839; pastor, Muncy, Pa., 1838-43; Shippens- 
 burg, Pa., 1843-50; Huntington, Pa., 1850-51; Union Furnace, Pa., 
 1851-54; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1854, 1865-67; Old Fort, Pa., 1854-56; 
 McEwensville, Pa., 1856-59; Blair, Pa., 1859-65; Boalsburg, Pa., 1867- 
 74; Milton, Pa., 1874-75; Camp Hill, Pa., 1875-78; at York, Pa., 1878- 
 83; m. Catherine J. Kast, Dec. 7, 1848; she d. June 6, 1885; he d. May 
 26, 1883. 
 
 1837 
 
 CONRAD, FREDERICK WILLIAM, b. Pine Grove, Pa., Jan. 3, 1816; s. 
 Henry W. and Elizabeth (Kendall) C.; Mt. Airy Col., 1828-31; Gbeg. 
 Sem., 1837-39; D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1864; LL.D., Roanoke Col., 1889; 
 lic. Pa. M., 1839; ord. Md. Syn., 1841; pastor, Pine Grove, Pa., 1839-41; 
 Waynesboro, Pa., 1841-44; St. John’s, Hagerstown, Md., 1844-50; Ist, 
 Dayton, O., 1855-62; Trinity, Lancaster, Pa., 1862-64; Chambersburg, 
 Pa., 1864-66; Messiah, Phila., 1866-72; prof. Wittenberg Col. and Sem., 
 1850-55; assoc. ed. Ev. Luth., 1850-55; ed. Luth. Obs., 1862-98; m. Re- 
 becca Filbert, May 11, 1841; d. Apr. 10, 1898. 
 
 DIEHL, GEORGE, b. near Greencastle, Pa., Sept. 19, 1814; s. Michael 
 and Catherine D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1837; Gbg. Sem., 1837-39; D.D., 
 Gbg. Col., 1856; lic. Va. Syn., 1840; ord. Md. Syn., 1841; pastor, Boons- 
 boro, Md., 1840-43; 2nd, Easton, Pa., 1843-51; Frederick, Md., 1851-88; 
 St. Jas., Frederick, Md., 1888-91; tutor Gbg. Col., 1837-39; pres. G. S. 
 1871-73; dir. Gbg. Sem.; trustee Gbg. Col.; assoc. ed. Luth. Obs., 1855- 
 67; prop. and ed. Frederick Examiner, 1888-91; m. Kate E. Drink- 
 houser, July, 1850; dau. Marie; d. Oct. 15, 1891. 
 
 FREY, EMANUEL, b. York, Pa., Aug. 30, 1816; s. Jacob F.; York Co., 
 Acad.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1837; Gbg. Sem., 1837-38; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 
 1838; pastor, Ist, Pgh., 1838; invalid; unmarried; d. Nov. 7; 1871. 
 
 378 
 
ALUMNI 1837 
 
 GREEVER, JOHN J., b. Burkes Garden, Va., 1811; Gettysburg Col., 
 1835-37; Gbg. Sem.; lic. N. C. Syn., 1840; ord. S. W. Va. Syn., 1842; 
 pastor, Burkes Garden, Va., 1840-77; one of founders S. W. Va. Syn.; 
 m. Margaret Peery, Apr. 2, 1840; d. June 30, 1877. 
 
 HOFFHEINS, EMANUEL H., b. York Co., Pa. Sept. 18, 1815; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1839; entered ministry of Ref. Ch.; lic. Zion Classis, 1839; 
 ord. Sus. Classis, 1839; pastor, Beaver Dam Ch., Snyder Co., Pa., 
 1839-40; Elizabethtown, Pa., 1840-50; New Providence, Pa., 1850-52; 
 Abbottstown, Pa., 1852-63; d. Mar. 28, 1863. 
 
 HOFFMAN, JAMES BARNET, f. St. Thomas; lic. E. O. Synod, 1838; 
 ord. same, 1842; pastor, Brookfield, O., 1838-40; Hancock Co., O., and 
 vicinity, 1840-44; left Luth. ministry, 1844. 
 
 LEPLEY, CHRISTIAN, b. Petersburg, O., Dec. 5, 1811; Gettysburg Col., 
 1832-37; Gbg. Sem., 1837-39; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1839; ord. same, 1840; 
 assoc. Martinsburg, W. Va., 1839; pastor, Lewistown, Pa., 1839-43; 
 Frostburg, Md., 1843-55; Cumberland, Md., 1857-59; Williamsport, Md., 
 1859-64; Mt. Holly Springs, Pa., 1865; Baltimore, Md., 1866; Marshall- 
 town, Ia., 1866-67; Swissvale, Pa., 1867-68; Bellefontaine, O., 1868-72; 
 Hagerstown, Md., 1872-73; Hampstead, Md., 1873-75; Reisterstown, 
 Md., 1875-85; agt. for Gbg. Sem., 1839; taught sch. 1855-57; in Govt. 
 employ at Washn., 1864-65; ed. dm. Luth.; m. M. R. Rupley, Jan. 1, 
 1840; children, Mirs. Zella B. Watkins and Mrs. F, Ph. Hennighausen ; 
 she d. Sept. 23, 1864; m. Mrs. Eliza Mong, May 19, 1870; he d. Feb. 
 19, 1905. 
 
 SMITH, DAVID, b. Perry Co., Pa. July 10, 1814; Gettysburg Col. and 
 Sem.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1840; ord. same, 1842; served pastorates in Pa., 
 O., Ind., Ky., Il., doing much miss. work; m. Catherine Welty, c1840; 
 m. Georgeanna Young, 1863; d. Sept. 5, 1895. 
 
 WAGNER, SAMUEL, b. Pottstown, Pa., May 12, 1812; Gettysburg Col., 
 1835-37; Gbg. Sem., 1838-39; lic. Va. Syn., 1839; ord. same, 1841; pas- 
 tor, Augusta Co., Va., 1839-47; Washingtonville, O., 1847-57; m. Cath- 
 erine Margaret Keiser, Nov. 23, 1841; children, Luther, Laura, Wm., 
 James, Cornelia F., Theophilus M., Alpheus E., Alice E., Lorena L., 
 Preston M., Lawrence A., Mary U.; she d. Mar. 1902, he d. Nov. 
 26, 1900. 
 
 YOUNG, A. L. B., f. Baltimore; no details known. 
 379 
 
1838 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1838 
 
 BISHOP, HENRY, b. Martinsburg, W. Va. Apr. 29, 1815; Gettysburg 
 Col. and Sem.; lic. E. O. Syn., 1840; ord. same, 1842; pastor, Tarlton, 
 O., and vicinity, 1840-43; Indiana, Pa., 1843-49; Williamsport, Pa., 
 1849-55; Emmitsburg, Md., 1855-62; Balto., 1862-66; Frostburg, Md., 
 1866-71; Elvira, Ia., 1871-72; Summit, Ia., 1874-76; Columbus Junction, 
 Ia. (Presby.), 1876-77; book merchant in Paducah, Ky., 1872-74; m. 
 Elizabeth Humrikhouse, Dec. 15, 1841; d. Aug. 17, 1877. 
 
 KEISER, JAMES R., b. Waynesboro, Va., Sept. 28, 1812; grad. Gettysburg 
 Col., 1838; lic., 1841; ord. Va. Syn., 1842; pastor, Winchester, Va., 
 1841-42; supply, St. Matthew’s, Phila., 1842-43; pastor, New German- 
 town, N. J., 1843-49; Schoharie, N. Y., 1849-56; St. James, Gettysburg, 
 Pa., 1858-61; Dixon, IIl., 1861-64; Theresa, N. Y. (Presby.); agt. for 
 Am. Tract Soc., 1856-58; with Am. S. S. Union in N. J. after 1864; 
 entered Presby. Ch., cl864; m. Eliza Murphy, Dec. 28, 1843; d. Oct. 
 12, 1872. 
 
 KELLER, F. A. MUHLENBERG, b. Carlisle, Pa., Apr. 28, 1819; s. Ben- 
 jamin and Catherine E. Cremer (Schaeffer) K.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1838; 
 Gbg. Sem.; lic. Pa. M., 1842; ord. same, 1844; pastor, Trinity, Reading, 
 Pa., 1842-50; St. James, Reading, Pa., 1850-64; enlisted in state service, 
 1862; m. Susan H. Hunter, Mar. 28, 1848; she d. 1857; he d. Mar. 18, 
 1864. 
 
 McCRON, JOHN, b. Manchester, Eng., Oct. 23, 1807; emigrated 1831; 
 taught at Mechanicsburg, Pa., and became a local M. E. preacher before 
 1838; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1857; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1839; ord. same, 1840; 
 pastor, Ist, Pgh. 1839-42; Lancaster, O., 1842-43; Pikeland, Pa., 
 1843-47; Easton, Pa., 1847-51; Norristown, Pa., 1851-52; Rhinebeck, 
 N. Y., 1852-54; Middletown, Md., 1854-55; Monument St. Ch., Balto., 
 1855-60; Lexington St. Ch., Balto., 1860-73; Bloomsburg, Pa., cl1875-78; 
 Pottsville, Pa., 1878-80; Lutherbaum, Phila., 1880-81; prin. Hagers- 
 town Female Sem., 1873-c75; m. Martha Morse; dau. Jennie; m. Martha 
 A. Bailey, Dec. 23, 1878; she d. June 29, 1882; he d. Apr. 26, 1881. 
 
 NAILLE, JOHN, b. Frederick Co., Md., Feb. 18, 1801; A. B., Gettysburg 
 Col., 1838; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1840; entered ministry of Ref. Ch.; lic. 
 Syn. Ger. Ref. Ch., 1840; ord. E. Sus. Classis, 1841; pastor, Liverpool 
 Chge., Perry Co., Pa., 1841-46; Wentz Chge., Mont. Co., Pa., 1846-57; 
 Elizabethtown, Pa., 1857-67; 3 chgs. in Ind., Ill., Ia., 1867-81; rt. at 
 Trappe, Pa., 1881-01; m. Sarah B. Ernst, 1826; she d. Nov. 17, 1888; 
 he d. Aug. 28, 1901. 
 
 380 
 
ALUMNI 1839 
 
 SENTMAN, SOLOMON, b. Chester Co., Pa., July 14, 1807; lic. Md. Synod, 
 1840; ord. same, 1841; pastor, Taneytown, Md., 1841-58; Barren Hill, 
 Pa., 1858-62; Chestnut Hill, Pa., 1862-63; Lionville, Pa., 1863-70; prin. 
 prep. dept. Gbg. Col., 1870-71; trustee Gbg. Col., 1856-71; m. Eliza L. 
 Lehn, Apr. 5, 1832; 7 children; she d. Dec. 4, 1855; m. Sallie A. Leh- 
 man, July 13, 1858; he d. Dec. 17, 1871. 
 
 WILLOX, JOHN R., f. Aberdeen, Scotland; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1840; 
 ord. same, 1841; pastor, Clearfield, Pa., 1840-42; Friesburg, N. J., 
 1842-51; Riegelsville, Pa., 1851-61; Fox Hill, N. J., 1861-72; Fair- 
 mount, N. J., 1872-73; entered ministry of Presby. Ch., 1861; d. Feb. 
 23, 1873. 
 
 1839 
 
 ANSPACH, FREDERICK REINHARDT, b. Center Co., Pa., Jan., 1815; s. 
 John and Catherine R. A.; Mifflinburg Acad.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1839, 
 and Sem., 1841; D.D., F. & M. Col., 1857; lic. Pa. M., 1841; ord. E. Pa. 
 Syn., 1842; pastor, Barren Hill, Pa., 1841-50; Hagerstown, Md., 1850-57; 
 one of founders Hagerstown Female Sem.; co-ed. and prop. Luth. 
 Obs., 1856-61; m. Lily Rhinehart, Jan. 25, 1844; she d. July 8, 1858; 
 m. Mrs. Susan Mathiot Gale, Apr. 10, 1860; author, Sepulchres of Our 
 Departed, 1854; Hist. of the Am. Party, 1855; Two Pilgrims, 1857; tr., 
 Schwenkfeld, 1853; d. Sept. 16, 1867. 
 
 EHRENFELD, GEORGE FREDERICK, b. Philadelphia, Jan. 20, 1810; s. 
 Dr. A. C. and Charlotte (Stetzer) E.; Mifflinburg Acad.; Gbg. Col., 
 1835-38; Gbg. Sem., 1839-40; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1840; ord. same, 1841; 
 pastor, Clarion Co., Pa., 1840-45 Armstrong Co., Pa., 1845-55; Ist. 
 pres. Pb. S.; m. Esther Hill, Apr. 24, 1842; children, Geo., Chas., 
 Wm. Mrs. A. Breckenridge, Mrs. S. G. Sloan; she d. Feb. 1, 1901; he 
 d. July 26, 1876. 
 
 EYSTER, WILLIAM FRANKLIN, b. near Gettysburg, Pa., Jan. 20, 1822; 
 s. Jacob and Mary (Middlecoff) E.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1839, and Sem., 
 1841; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1895; D.D., LL.D., source unknown; lic. Md. 
 Syn., 1841; ord. same, 1842; pastor, Jefferson, Md., 1841-44; German- 
 town, Pa., 1844-51; Chambersburg, Pa., 1851-58; Smithburg, Md., 1860- 
 64; Greencastle, Pa., 1864-68; taught at Jefferson, Md., 1841-44; prin. 
 Hagerstown Female Sem., 1858-60, 1868-72; prof. Augustana Col., 1875- 
 83; m. Lucretia Williams Gibson, Mar. 25, 1850; children, Alice M., 
 Wm. L., Geo. L., Mrs. J. C. Snively; d. June 18, 1921. 
 
 HARRIS, JACOB GOERING, b. York, Pa., Feb. 14, 1817; s. William C. 
 and Maria (Goering) H.; York Co., Acad.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1839, and 
 
 381 
 
1839 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Sem., 1841; lic. Md. Syn., 1841; ord. E. O. Syn., 1844; pastor, Belle- 
 fontaine, O., 1842-43; Shanesville, O., 1843-48; Tippecanoe, O., 1849- 
 55; Boone Co., Ky., 1855-63; prof. Wittenberg Col., 1848-49; m. Sarah 
 Horn, Dec. 28, 1843; d. Dec. 14, 1900. 
 
 HAY, CHARLES AUGUSTUS. See Faculty, page 305. 
 
 HECK, JOHN, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Dec. 11, 1809; s. Ludwig and 
 Catherine H.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1839, and Sem., 1841; lic. Md. Syn., 1841; 
 ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1842; pastor, Newville, Pa., 1842-44; Waynesboro, 
 Pa., 1844-57; Smithsburg, Pa., 1857-61; dir. Gbg. Sem.; trustee Gbg. 
 Col.; m. Anna Ziegler, Dec. 2, 1847; children, Fred Z., Lewis L., John 
 M., Geo. S., David J.; d. Mar. 11, 1861. 
 
 HIESTER, JOHN P., f. Chester Co., Pa.; pastor Bellville, Pa., 1841-43; 
 Bloomsburg, Pa., 1843-47; Lightstreet, Pa., 1847-50; Petersburg, Pa., 
 1850-53; Farm Ridge, Ill., 1854-66; m. Ann Eliza Taylor, 1843; she d. 
 June 4, 1850; no record of lic. or ord.; left Luth. Ministry, 1866. 
 
 KRAUTH, CHARLES PORTERFIELD, b. Martinsburg, W. Va., Mar. 17, 
 1823; s. Chas. Philip and Catherine S. (Heiskell) K.; grad. Gbg. Col., 
 1839, and Sem., 1841; lic. Md. Syn., 1841; ord. same, 1842; D.D., Gbg. 
 Col., 1856; LL.D., same, 1874; pastor, Canton, Balto., 1841-42; 2nd. 
 Balto., 1842-47; Martinsburg, W. Va., 1847-48; Winchester, Va., 1848- 
 55; 1st, Pb., Pa., 1855-59; St. Mark’s, Phila., 1859-61; St. Stephen’s, 
 Phila., 1866-67; dir. Gbg. Sem.; trustee of U. of Pa.; ed. Luth. and 
 Home Journal, 1860; ed. Luth. and Miss., 1861-64; prof. Mt. Airy Sem., 
 1864-83; prof. U. of Pa., 1868-83; one of founders of G. C.; pres. G. C., 
 1870-79; Vice-Provost U. of Pa., 1873-83; member Am. Com. for Bible 
 Revision (O. T.) ; member many important bds. and coms.; tr. Tholuck’s 
 Commentary on John, 1859; ed. Fleming’s Vocabulary of Philos., 1860; 
 author, Augsburg Conf. with Notes, 1868; Christian Liberty in Rela- 
 tion to the Usages of the Ev. Luth. Ch., 1860; Hist. Sketches of the 
 Thirty Years’ War, 1870; The Conservative Ref. and Its Theo., 1872; 
 Infant Baptism and Infant Salvation in the Calvanistic System, 1874; 
 Berkeley’s Principles, 1874; The Strength and Weakness of Idealism, 
 1874; A Chronicle of the Augs. Conf., 1878; several poems; m. Susan 
 Reynolds, Nov. 12, 1844; she d. Nov. 18, 1853; m. Virginia Baker, May, 
 1855; children, Harriet R., Chas. P., Rev. Geo. E.; he d. Jan. 2, 1883. 
 
 KUNKEL, CHRISTIAN F., b. Harrisburg, Pa., Sept. 12, 1814; Gettys- 
 burg Prep and Sem.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1841; ord. same, 1843; pastor, 
 Fayettville, Pa., 1841-50; Shippensburg, Pa., 1850-55; m. Amanda Wil- 
 helm, May 11, 1841; d. Sept. 16, 1855. 
 
 382 
 
ALUMNI 1839 
 
 LAITZLE, WILLIAM GOTTLIEB, b. Canstadt, Wurtemberg, Ger.,’ Oct. 
 1, 1814; s. Christopher F. and Catherine L.; emigrated 1816; lic. Pa. 
 M., 1841; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1842; pastor, Dauphin Co., Pa., 1841-43; 
 Blair Co., Pa., 1843-48; Huntingdon Co., Pa., 1848-50; miss. in Ind., 
 1850-52; Lebanon Co., Pa., 1852-54; Elizabethtown, Pa., 1854-65; Potts- 
 town, Pa., 1866-74; Leighton, Pa., 1877-82; d. July 13, 1894. 
 
 LEAS, JOHN GEORGE, b. Adams Co., Pa.; s. Moses and Anna L.; grad. 
 Gbg. Col., 1839; Gbg. Sem., 1839-41; d. Apr. 9, 1841. 
 
 LEHMAN, JOHN, b. Mar. 10, 1818; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1841; ord. Mia. 
 Syn., 1845; pastor, Zelienople, Pa., 1842-64; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1841-42; 
 wife, Sarah Elizabeth; d. July 20, 1844; m. Louisa M. Weaver, Feb. 16, 
 1846; he d. May 31, 1883. 
 
 RHUDY, STEPHEN, b. Burke’s Garden, Va., Oct. 23, 1814; Gettysburg 
 Col., 1837-39; Gbg. Sem.; lic. S. W. Va. Syn., 1842; ord. same, 1846; 
 miss. work in Tazewell and Bland Cos., Va.; engaged in teaching; m. 
 Cynthia Mahood; d. June 9, 1894. 
 
 TRIMPER, ABRAHAM A., b. Claverack, N. Y., Feb. 17, 1816; grad. 
 Hart. Sem., Union Col., and Gbg. Sem.; lic. Syn. of the West, 1841; 
 ord. same, 1843; pastor, Indianapolis, Ind., 1841-44; Hillsboro, III, 
 1844-52; several chs. in N. Ill. and Ia., changing frequently; Lawrence, 
 Kas., 1873-84; prin. Hillsboro Acad.; prin. Peru Acad., 1854; pres. 
 Mendota Col., 1858; agt. for Carthage Col., 1869-72; m. Catherine 
 Miller, who d. 1881; children, Mary, Katie, Lucy, Henry S., Ed. P.; 
 m. Susan R. Rand, Sept., 1883; he d. Dec. 28, 1884. 
 
 WADSWORTH, WILLIAM A., b. Jefferson, Md., 1812; s. William and 
 Susan W.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1839, and Sem., 1841; lic. Md. Syn., 1841; 
 ord. E. O. Syn., 1843; pastor, Canton, O., 1841-43; prof. Washn. Sem., 
 Perryopolis, Pa., 1843-44; d. Apr. 29, 1844. 
 
 WILLARD, PHILIP, b. Jefferson, Md., Sept. 29, 1809; s. Geo. and Susanna 
 (Culler) W.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1839, and Sem., 1841; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 
 1841; ord. Md. Syn., 1842; pastor, Manchester, Md., 1841-42; West- 
 minster, Md., 1842-45; Lovettsville, Va., 1845-48; Danville, Pa., 1850-56; 
 Loysville, Pa., 1856-58; Mifflintown, Pa., 1858-61; Schuylkill Haven, 
 Pa., 1861-62; agt. Gbg. Col., 1849; agt. Luth. Bd. Pub., 1863-68; supt. 
 Loysville Orphans’ Home, 1868-89; m. Margaretta Chritzman, Oct. 21, 
 1841; children, Martin L., Geo., S. S., Ezra, H. F., T. Newton, Jennie, 
 Nettie; she d. Feb. 2, 1891; he d. July 26, 1893. 
 
 383 
 
1840 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1840 
 
 BASSLER, GOTTLIEB, b. Berne, Switzerland, 1813; A. B., Gettysburg 
 Col., 1840; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1842; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1842; ord. Pb. 
 Syn., 1845; pastor, Zelienople, Pa., 1842-64; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1841-42; 
 dir. Zelienople Orphans’ Home, 1854-68; one of founders of Pb. Syn.; 
 pres. Reading Convention, 1866; pres. G. C., 1867-68; m. Eliza Gilbert, 
 Oct. 31, 1844; d. Oct. 3, 1868. 
 
 BERG, ANDREW, b. Mundenbein, Palatinate, Ger., Nov. 30, 1810; arrived 
 Balto., Sept., 1832; Gbg. Col., 1837-40; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1842; lic. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1842; ord. same, 1844; pastor, Perry Co., Pa., 1842-43; 
 Shrewsbury, Pa., 1843-73; Chambersburg, Pa., 1873-74; Sunbury, Pa., 
 1874-77; Leacock, Pa., 1877-84; m. Eliza A. Williams, 1842; 6 children; 
 d. Feb. 6, 1884. 
 
 BROWN, JAMES ANDREW, b. Wythe Co., Va., Dec. 22, 1815; s. Christ- 
 opher and Anna B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1840; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1842; D.D., 
 source unknown; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1842; ord. S. W. Va. Syn., 1844; 
 pastor, Wytheville, Va., 1843-82; m. Eleanora C. Herbst, July 9, 1843; 
 she d. 1879; m. Alice V. Sharit, Sept. 19, 1880; children, Ruth E., 
 James A., Leah E.; he d. Mar. 4, 1900. 
 
 DEYOE, EPHRAIM, b. Spencertown, N. Y., Dec. 18, 1814; s. Pierre and 
 Mary (Smyth) D.; A.B., Union Col., 1841; Gbg. Sem., 1841-42; Union 
 Sem.; ord. N. Y. Syn., 1843; pastor, Woodstock, N. Y., 1842-45; Ghent, 
 N. Y., 1846-58; German Valley, N. J., 1858-67; Ramapo, N. Y., and 
 Ramsey, N. J., 1867-78; rt. 1878; m. Anna B. Crounse, 1846; children, 
 Mary, Anna B., M. Burg, Adam C., Luther, Chas., J. Willard; she d. 
 Apr., 1899; he d. Feb. 22, 1899. 
 
 LOEFFLER, JAMES, f. Tribes Hill, N. Y.; b. Aug. 28, 1817; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1842; ord. Hart. Syn., 1843; pastor, Cobleskill, N. Y., 1842-43; 
 Middleburg, N. Y., 1843-45; Royalton, N. Y., 1845-46; Fayette, N. Y., 
 1846-51, 1866; West Sandlake, N. Y., 1851-66; Berne, N. Y., 1866-74; 
 Livingston, N. Y., 1875-77; d. Apr. 14, 1877. 
 
 McCHESNEY, WILLIAM R., f. Brunswick, N. Y.; A.B., Union Col.; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1842; lic. Md. Syn., 1842; pastor, Louisville, Ky., 
 1842-44; deposed by Syn. of the West, 1844; entered ministry of Ch. of 
 Christ; d. early. 
 
 NEFF, GEORGE, b. Philadelphia, Dec. 23, 1813; Hart. Sem.; A.B., U. 
 of Pa.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1842; D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1886; lic. N. Y. 
 Min., 1842; ord. same, 1844; pastor, Trinity, Phila., 1842-47; Saddle 
 
 384 
 
ALUMNI 1840 
 
 River, N. J., 1847-50; Passyunk, Pa., 1850-55; Wurtemburg, N. Y., 
 1856-76; prof. Hart. Sem.; pres. N. Y. & N. J. Syn., 1878-86; children, 
 John R., Susanna; d. Aug. 6, 1900. 
 
 PASSAVANT, WILLIAM ALFRED, b. Zelienople, Pa., Oct. 9, 1821; s. 
 Philip L. and Zelia (Basse) P.; A.B., Jefferson Col., 1840; Gbg. Sem., 
 1840-42; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1860; lic. Md. Syn., 1842; ord. same, 1843; 
 pastor, Canton, Balto., 1842-44; Ist, Pb, Pa., 1844-45; ed. Luth. 
 Almanac, 1841-43; assoc. ed. Luth. Obs., 1842-48; organized Pb. Syn., 
 1845; del. to Evan. Alliance, London, 1846; ed. and pub. Missionary, 
 1848-61; introduced deaconesses into U. S., 1848; ed. and pub. The 
 Workman, 1880-94; est. hospitals in Pb., Pa., Milwaukee, Wis., Chicago 
 and Jacksonville, Ill.; projected Maywood Sem. and Thiel Col.; est. 
 orphanages at Zelienople, Pa., and Rochester, Pa.; m. Eliza Walter, 
 May 1, 1845; children, Wm., Harry; d. June 3, 1894. 
 
 RUDE, ANDERS RUDOLPH, b. Copenhagen, Denmark, Oct. 5, 1813; 
 stud. Germany, Andover, Mass., and Gbg. Sem.; D.D., source unknown; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1842; ord. Va. Syn., 1843; pastor, Jefferson, Md., 1842; 
 miss. for Va. Syn., 1842-43; Mt. Jackson, Va., 1843-63; Columbia, S. 
 C., 1863-74, 1876-83; Georgetown, Tex., 1874-76; ed. Luth. Visitor for 
 several years; prof. So. Sem.; m. Mrs. Steambergen; s. Wm.; she d. 
 c1863; he d. May 21, 1883, 
 
 SAND, JACOB, f. Knox, N. Y.; A.B., Union Col.; did not enter minis- 
 try; d. very early. 
 
 SCHOCK, JAMES L., b. near Hamburg, Pa., Mar. 16, 1816; s. Valentine 
 and Elizabeth S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1839; Gbg. Sem., 1840-41; D.D., 
 Gbg. Col., 1863; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1841; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1842; pastor, 
 St. Matthew’s, Reading, Pa., 1841-49; Chambersburg, Pa., 1849-52; St. 
 James, N. Y. City, 1852-65; tutor, Gbg. Acad., 1840-41; unmarried; dis- 
 appeared mysteriously Oct. 29, 1865. 
 
 SCHWARTZ, ELIAS, b. Abbottstown, Pa., Nov. 5, 1815; s. Jacob and 
 Magdalena S.; grad. Gbg. Col., 1840, and Sem., 1842; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 
 1842; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1843; pastor, Danville, Pa., 1842-45; Man- 
 chester, Md., 1845-48; Martinsburg, Pa., 1848-50; Canton, Ill, 1850-53, 
 1857-59; Hillsboro, Ill., 1853-54; De Soto, Ill., 1859-69; Dongola, II, 
 1869-70; m. Rebecca Buffington, Apr. 27, 1843; one child; she d. Jan. 2, 
 1851; m. Julia L. Scherer, July 7, 1853; he d. Mar. 11, 1892. 
 
 WENZEL, GEORGE ANTON, b. Dittlofrod, Bavaria, Ger., Jan. 11, 1816; 
 s. Daniel and Anna W.; emigrated, 1833; A.B., Jefferson Col., 1840; 
 Gbg. Sem., 1840-41; stud. theo. with Dr. Demme; D.D., Thiel Col., 1887; 
 
 385, 
 
1841 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 lic. Pa. Min., 1843; ord. same, 1845; pastor, Hecktown, Pa., 1843-50; 
 Mt. Bethel, Pa., 1850-52; Trappe, 1852-54; assoc. Zion’s and St. 
 Michael’s, Phila., 1854-1859; pastor, St. Michael’s, Phila., 1859-65; 2nd. 
 Ger., Pgh., Pa., 1865-79; Warren, Pa., 1879-81; Washington, Pa., 1881- 
 94; m. Jane B. McAfee, June 28, 1844; tr. bios. Spencer and Paul Ger- 
 hart; d. Dec. 12, 1896. 
 
 WHEELER, HIRAM, b. Jefferson, N. Y., May 28, 1808; A.B., Union 
 Col.; lic. Hart. Syn., 1841; ord. N. Y. Min., 1842; pastor, Church- 
 town, N. Y., 1842-48; Woodstock, N. Y., 1848-50, 1868-70; Waterloo, 
 N. Y., 1850-51; Livingston Manor, N. Y., 1851-58; Sharon, N. Y., 
 1858-61; West Amsterdam, N. Y., 1861-66; m. Catherine Stickle, c1843; 
 
 2 children; she d. Mar. 8, 1851; m. Emma Near; one s.; he d. Jan. 
 26, 1884. 
 
 1841 
 
 GUNN, WALTER, b. Carlisle, N. Y., June 27, 1815; A.B., Union Col., 
 1840; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1842; lic. Hart. Syn., 1842; ord. same, 1843; 
 
 miss. for Hart. Syn., 1842-43; miss. to India, 1843-51; m. Lorena Pultz, 
 1843; 2 children; d. July 8, 1851. 
 
 HUNDERDOSSE, WILLIAM, b. Germany, cl1816; Gettysburg Col., 1839- 
 41; lic. Syn. of the West, 1843; ord. same, 1846; pastor, Huntingdon, 
 Ia., cl1845-c48; Beardstown, Ill., c1851-c52; Vandalia, Ill, c1852-55; 
 Claremont, Il]., 1855-56; Newberry, Ia., 1856-59; Caloma, Ia., 1859-62; 
 Hanging Rock, O., 1862-68; d. Mar. 12, 1868. 
 
 LAWSON, SAMUEL B., b. Codorus, Pa., June 28, 1808; Gettysburg Col. 
 1839-41; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1843; ord. Al. Syn., 1845; pastor, Somerset 
 Co., Pa., 1843-53; Fryburg, Pa., 1853-59; West Newton, Pa., 1859-65; 
 
 m. Catherine Smith, Apr. 27, 1829; 10 children; she d. Mar. 4, 1872; he 
 d. Feb. 7, 1865. 
 
 SCHERER, JACOB, b. Botetourt Co., Va., Nov. 25, 1816; s. Daniel and 
 Rachael S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1841; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1843; lic. Syn. of 
 the West, 1843; ord. same, 1846; pastor, Indianapolis, Ind., 1843-45; 
 Wabash Co., Ill., 1845-46; Olney, Ill., 1846-47; miss. for Ill. Syn., 1847- 
 49; Shelbyville, Ill., 1850-51; m. Eliza Gotwald, May, 1845; she d. 
 Sept. 25, 1855; he d. Oct. 15, 1851. 
 
 SCHMUCKER, SAMUEL MOSHEIM, b. New Market, Va., Jan. 12, 1823; 
 s. Samuel S. and Eleanora (Geiger) S.; A.B., Washn. Col., 1841; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1843; Phila. Law Acad.; LL.D., source unknown; lic. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1842; ord. same, 1844; pastor, Lewistown, Pa., 1842-45; St. 
 
 386 
 
ALUMNI 1842 
 
 Michael’s, Germantown, Pa., 1845-49; changed name to Smucker; ad- 
 mitted to Phila. Bar, 1850; m. Mary Miller, May 21, 1845; author 20 
 vols. Hist. and Biography; d. May 12, 1863. 
 
 WEAVER, WILLIAM, b. Adams Co., Pa., May 20, 1815; s. Jacob and 
 Margaret (Eyster) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1841; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1843; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1843; ord. same, 1847; pastor, Newry, Pa., 1843-46; 
 Millerstown, Pa., 1846-50; Bloomsburg, Pa., 1850-53; Phoenixville, Pa., 
 1853-63; m. Louisa C. Ush, Aug. 31, 1847; m. Susan C. Painter, Aug. 
 23, 1853; one child, Lillian; took out many patents; d. Aug. 13, 1896. 
 
 WILLIAMS, LEVI T., b. Adams Co., Pa., Aug. 23, 1814; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 
 1843; ord. same, 1845; pastor, Duncannon, Pa., 1843-46; Fayetteville, 
 Pa., 1846-48; Mifflintown, Pa., 1848-58; Taneytown, Md., 1858-67; Lit- 
 tlestown, Pa., 1867-74; near York, Pa., 1874-c83; m. Margaret Immel, 
 Apr. 13, 1847; she d. 1920; he d. Jan. 28, 1887. 
 
 ZIEGLER, HENRY, b. Center Co., Pa., Aug. 19, 1816; s. Jacob and Cath- 
 eine Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1841; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1843; D.D., Wittenberg 
 Col., 1860; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1843; ord. Pb. Syn., 1846; pastor, Selins- 
 grove, Pa., 1843-45; miss. for Pb. Syn., 1845-50; Williamsport, Pa., 
 1850-53; Salona, Pa., 1855-58; agt. Parent Ed. Soc., 1853-55; prof. 
 Sus. U., 1858-81; supt. Sus. U., 1865-81; m. Eliza App, May 19, 1844; 
 7 children; she d. Apr. 16, 1901; author, Natural Theo., 1860; Apolo- 
 getic Theo., 1861; Catechetics, 1873: The Pastor, 1876: The Preacher, 
 1876: Dogmatic Theo., 1878; d. Nov. 26, 1898. 
 
 1842 
 
 ALBACH, J. WILLIAM, b. in Ger.; A.B., Gettysburg Col., 1841; lic. O. 
 Jt. Syn., Eng. Dist., 1845; miss. in Ia., Ind., and O.; suspended by O. Jt. 
 Syn., 1852; engaged in business in St. Louis, Mo.; Magister of Immanuel 
 Parochial Sch. for many years; d. 1900. 
 
 BAKER, HENRY, b. Bakersville, Md., Nov. 23, 1816; s. Elias and Ann B.; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1841; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1886; lic. E. O. Syn., 1842; ord. 
 Miami Syn., 1845; pastor, Mt. Vernon, O., 1842-46; Altoona, Pa., 1846- 
 57, 1866-83; Lewistown, Pa., 1857-61; Newville, Pa., 1861-67; trustee, 
 Gbg. Col.; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Margaret O. Eaverson, Aug. 25, 1843; 5 
 children; she d. June 27, 1895; he d. Jan. 28, 1894, 
 
 BARNITZ, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, b. York, Pa., Sept. 4, 1821; s. John 
 E. and Elizabeth B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1842; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1844; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. same, 1846; pastor Jersey Shore, Pa., 1845-49; 
 
 387 
 
1842 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Everett, Pa., 1849-52; Smicksburg, Pa., 1852-55; Lairdsville, Pa., 1855- 
 61; Ashland, Pa., 1861-63; m. Sarah J. Babb, Mar. 9, 1846; m. Dora 
 Reimensnyder, Nov. 13, 1866; d. Aug. 19, 1899. 
 
 BREIDENBAUGH, EDWARD, b. Myerstown, Pa., Dec. 17, 1821; s. Fred. 
 and Mary (Ulrich) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1842; Gbg. and Lane Sems.; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. same, 1846; pastor, Newville, Pa., 1844-49; 
 Pine Grove, Pa., 1849-52; Greencastle, Pa., 1852-65; St. James, Gbg., 
 Pa., 1865-72; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1866-80; m. C. Elizabeth Swoyer, Mar. 16, 
 1847; children, E. S., Mary, Annie; she d. Dec. 29, 1911; he d. July 
 12, 1906. 
 
 BRIDGEMAN, AUGUSTUS L., grad. Gettysburg Sem., 1844; lic. Md. 
 Syn., 1844; ord. Hart. Syn., 1845; pastor, Cobleskill, N. Y., 1844-46; 
 Guilderland, N. Y., 1846-48; Waterloo, N. Y., 1848-49; Athens, N. Y., 
 c1851-52; Friesburg, N. J., 1852-54; Tribes Hill, N. Y., 1854-57; Little 
 Falls, N. Y., 1857-59; N. Williamsburg, Can., 1859-63; Breakabeen, 
 N. Y., 1863-68; Bearytown, N. Y., 1868-70; Manheim, N. Y., 1870-73; 
 Argusville, N. Y., 1873-75; Bouks Hill, Can., 1875-76; wife, Mary A.; d. 
 Jan. 5, 1892; he d. Mar. 11, 1888. 
 
 CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS, b. Catoctin Furnace, Md., Feb. 17, 1811; 
 stud. law with F. C. Campbell; admitted to the bar, 1832; practiced in 
 Sandusky O., 1833-40; twice State’s Atty. of Erie Co., O.; Gbg. Sem., 
 1842-43; lic. Va. Syn., 1844; ord. same, 1845; pastor Augusta Co., Va., 
 and vicinity, 1844-52; Cumberland, Md., 1852-56; Waynesboro, Pa., 
 1856-66; Shepherdstown, W. Va., 1866-68; m. Martha C. Gatewood, 
 June 3, 1846; D.D., Roanoke Col.; d. Jan. 3, 1892. 
 
 CORNELL, NATHAN H., b. Frederick Co., Md., Oct. 8, 1819; s. Smith 
 and Mary C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1841; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1844; lic. E. Pa. 
 Syn., 1844; ord. same, cl845; pastor, Ardmore, Pa., 1844-48; West 
 Camp, N. Y., 1848-c50; Middleburg, N. Y., cl1850-54; Ghent, N. Y., 
 1854-61; Red Hook, N. Y., 1861-63; Chester Springs, Pa., 1863-74; m. 
 Maria Finger, 1851; d. June 26, 1896. . 
 
 DONMEYER, GEORGE J., b. Center Co., Pa., June 17, 1814; A.B., Gettys- 
 burg Col., 1841; Gbg. Sem., 1842; lic. Al. Syn., 1842; ord. Pb. Syn., 
 1845; pastor, Clearfield Co., Pa., 1842-45; Clarion Co., Pa., 1845-49; 
 Stephenson Co., [ll., 1850-87; d. Apr. 14, 1887. 
 
 EMERICK, WILLIAM H., b. West Camp, N. Y., Feb. 7, 1806; stud. theo. 
 with Dr. Ostrander of Ref. Ch., A. F. Rumpf of Luth Ch. and Gbg. 
 Sem.; lic. Md. Syn., 1845; ord. Hart Syn., 1847; pastor Woodstock, N. 
 
 388 
 
ALUMNI 1842 
 
 Y., 1846-48, 1863-68; Sharon, N. Y., 1848-55; Athens, N. Y., 1855-61; 
 Livingston, N. Y., 1861-63, 1868-70; West Camp, N. Y., 1870-72; Pine 
 Grove, N. Y., 1872-75; 2nd. m. Mrs. Sabrina Snyder, Oct. 14, 1873; 
 d. Jan. 2, 1876. 
 
 GERHART, WILLIAM, b. Beuern, Hesse Darmstadt, Ger., Oct. 28, 1817; 
 s. Balthaser and Anna Maria (Hentz) G.; emigrated, 1819; taught sch. 
 1833-36; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1841; Gbg. Sem.; D.D., N. C. Col., 1880; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1847; ord. Pa. M., 1850; pastor, Elizabethtown, Pa., 1848- 
 52; New Bloomfield, Pa., 1852-53; Northampton Co., Pa., 1853-55; Mt. 
 Carmel, N. C., 1855-59; Jonestown, Pa., 1860-67; Ger. Ch., Martins- 
 burg, W. Va., 1867-90; prin. of Acad. at Emmitsburg, Md., 1842-45; at 
 Canton, O., 1846; prin. West. Car. Acad. at Mt. Pleasant, N. C., 1855- 
 59; prin. Franklin Acad., Concord, N. ‘C., 1859-60; prin. Pleasant Hill 
 Sem., Hanover, Pa., 1860; prin. Martinsburg, W. Va., Schs. 1867-87; 
 m. Lucinda A. Riley, Nov. 9, 1844; she d. Apr. 14, 1887; m. Mrs. C. A. 
 Mantz, 1887; he d. Dec. 6, 1917. 
 
 PARSON, GEORGE, b. near Harrisburg, Pa., Mar. 11, 1819; s. William 
 and Mary (Mahon) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1842; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1844; 
 D.D., Sus. U., 1890; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. E. Pa. Syn.; pastor, 
 Muncy, Pa., 1844-65; Milton, Pa., 1865-68; Hanover, Pa., 1868-75; 
 Williamsport, Pa., 1875-76; Sunbury, Pa., 1876-84; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. 
 Mary Ann Gilbert, Oct. 31, 1844; m. Emma Bear, Feb. 15, 1847; chil- 
 dren, W. E., John S., B.B., Mrs, J. H. Alleman, Mrs. W. H. Drucken- 
 miller, Geo. L.; d. Sept. 8, 1897. 
 
 RIGHTMEYER, PETER MOSES, b. near West Camp, N. Y., June 2, 1818; 
 A.B., Union Col., 1840; Hart. and Gbg. Sems.; lic. Al. Syn., 1843; ord. 
 same, 1844; pastor, Johnstown, Pa., 1843-46; Bedford, Pa., 1846-47; 
 Williamsburg, Pa., 1847-54; Water Street, Pa., 1854-56; Port Royal, 
 Pa., 1856-62; Center Square, Pa., 1862-68; Troy, N. Y., 1868-71; West 
 Camp, N. Y., 1871-73; Cohansey, N. J., 1873-79; m. Margaret A. 
 Schmucker, Apr. 23, 1844; 4 children; she d. June 3, 1900; he d. June 
 23, 1893. 
 
 SONDHAUS, MARTIN, b. Erfurt, Prussia, May 21, 1820; A.B., Gettys- 
 burg Col., 1842; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1844; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. Pa. 
 M., 1850; served numerous charges in Pa., O., Va., Mo. and IIl.; d. Apr. 
 3, 1878. 
 
 WITMER, CHARLES, b. Northumberland Co., Pa., Sept. 1, 1820; s. George 
 and Catherine W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1841; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1844; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. E. Pa. Syn.; supplied Catawissa, Pa., 1840-45; 
 
 389 
 
1843 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 pastor, Abbotstown, Pa., 1845-50; Cumberland, Md., 1850-51; Somerset, 
 Pa., 1857-60; Milton, Ia., 1869-74; Roseville, O., 1874-79; Middlepoint, 
 O., 1879-83; supt. of Orphans’ Homes in Germantown, Pa., and Mc- 
 Allisterville, Pa.; served in Pa. Militia, 1862; m. Mary Helen Smith, 
 Oct. 9, 1858; 5 children; she d. Mar. 30, 1883; he d. July 22, 1884. 
 
 WITT, SAMUEL DAVID, b. Dauphin Co., Pa., Oct. 7, 1813; edited a paper 
 in Somerset, Pa., 1834-39; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1844; lic. Al. Syn., 1844; 
 ord. Pb. Syn., 1845; pastor, Shippenville, Pa., 1845-51; m. Mary Mong, 
 Nov. 24, 1834; children, Chas., Mary, Ed.; she d. 1842; m. Mrs. Re- 
 becca Clippinger, Feb. 24, 1844; dau. Rebecca; pres. Pb. Syn., 1851; d. 
 Aug. 27, 1851. 
 
 1843 
 
 ALLEMAN, MONROE J., b. Maytown, Pa., Aug. 18, 1820; s. John and 
 Elizabeth A.; Gbg. Acad.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1845; A.M., Gbg. Col., 
 1859 =.D.D.,: Susi: U., 1892; lic. W; Pa. Syn, 18452 ordisKe: Pa Sym, 
 1846; pastor, Danville, Pa., 1845-48; Northumberland, Pa., 1848-50; 
 Lewisburg, Pa., 1850-52; Aaronsburg, Pa., 1852-56; Hanover, Pa., 
 1857-68 ; Middletown, Md., 1868-69; Littlestown, Pa., 1869-74; York, Pa,. 
 1874-97; m. Catherine E. Shellman, Oct. 15, 1846; children, Kate, David 
 B., John, Gilbert; author, Memoir of Catherine Alleman, 1855; he d. 
 Dec. 9, 1897. 
 
 ALTMAN, DANIEL SMITH, b. near Blairsville, Pa., Dec. 20, 1818; Gettys- 
 burg. Col., 1841-43; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1845; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1845; ord. 
 Al. Syn., 1846; pastor, Schellsburg, Pa., 1845-50; Covington, Ky., 1850- 
 51; Richmond, Ind., 1851-58; Knoxville, Ill, 1858-62; Princeton, IIl., 
 1863-65; Tipton, Ia., 1866-69; chaplain Ist. Ill, Cavalry, 1862; chaplain 
 151st Ill. Inf., 1865-66; dir. Wittenberg Col.; m. Jane M. Cover, Mar. 
 22, 1848; children, Luther, Wm., Frank D., Mrs. Delos Sawyer; d. Nov. 
 11, 1893. 
 
 BENEDICT, D. T., f. Waynesboro, Pa.; no details known. 
 
 EMERY, WILLIAM SADLER, b. near Uniontown, Pa., Mar. 9, 1818; Madi- 
 son Col.; Columbus and Gbg. Sems.; A.M., W. & J., 1849; lic. E. O. 
 Syn, 1844; ord. Al. Syn., 1846; pastor, Water Street, Pa., 1844-47; 
 West Newton, Pa., 1847-58; Indiana, Pa., 1858-65; Bucks Co., Pa., 1865- 
 84; m. Martha Row, June 25, 1845; she d. Dec. 30, 1907; he d. May 
 1, 1890. 
 
 GRAEFF, JOHN E., b. Pinegrove, Pa., Nov. 20, 1820; s. William and Eliza- 
 beth G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1843; Gbg. Sem.; Yale Div. Sch.; lic. and ord. 
 E. Pa. Syn.; pastor St. Paul’s, Washn., 1847-49; retired f. ministry, 
 
 390 
 
ALUMNI 1843 
 
 1849; engaged in business in Phila.; trustee Gbg. Col., 1864-98; founded 
 Graeff professorship Gbg. Col.; dir. Central Natl. Bank and of Spring 
 Garden Ins. Co., Phila.; Vice Pres. and trustee Y. M. C. A.; member 
 Phila. Civic Com.; pres. Luth. Obs. Assn.; m. Maria L. Morrill; chil- 
 dren, Virginia, Mrs. Montgomery Wilcox; d. Nov. 18, 1898. 
 
 HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY, b. near Lewistown, Md., Jan. 12, 1819; 
 s. Zephaniah and Mary H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1843; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1845; D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1861; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1845; ord. Mia. 
 Syn., 1847; pastor 1st Eng., Cincinnati, O., 1846-66; tutor, Oakridge 
 Acad., Gbg., Pa.; prof. Gbg. Col., 1845-46; dir. Wittenberg Col., 1846- 
 66; member Cincinnati Sch. Bd.; m. Sarah A. Winwood, Nov. 24, 1846; 
 10 children; d. Nov. 3, 1866. 
 
 KARN, AARON JACOB, b. Loudon Co., Va., Aug., 1820; A.B., Gettysburg 
 Col., 1842; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. Mia. Syn., 1846; pastor, Pine- 
 grove, Pa., 1844-45; Canton, O., 1845-48; Savannah, Ga., 1848-60; m. 
 Lucy M. Hawk, Dec. 18, 1849; 3 children; d. Dec. 19, 1860. 
 
 KNIGHT, LLOYD, b. Baltimore Co., Md., June 30, 1818; s. Ignatius and 
 Eliza K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1843; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1845; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1845; ord. same, 1847; pastor, Perry Co., Pa., 1845-49; Hollidays- 
 burg, Pa., 1849-61; Middletown, Md., 1861-62; Blair Co., Pa. (U. B.) 
 1869-72; supplied U. B. and Luth. Chs. in Ill. and Ja.; N. Liberty, Ia. 
 (Luth.), 1880; Alamode, Mo., 1881-83; suspended by Al. Syn., 1862; 
 P, M. Pt. Lookout, Md., 1862-66; agt. for Gbg. Acad., 1866-67; entered 
 U. B. ministry, 1869; m. Helen R. Kealhofer, Oct. 8, 1845; children, 
 Elmer B., Chester Z., Clifford A., Anna H.; m. Mary M. Weidensall, 
 May 11, 1869; children, Naomi K., Uintah, Mary E., Robt. E., Jacob 
 
 ~ L., Luther; she d. Apr. 22, 1890; he d. Mar. 14, 1895. 
 
 KOHLER, JOHN, b. Juniata Co., Pa., May 27, 1820; s. Andrew and Anna 
 M. K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1842; D.D., Muhlenberg Col., 1890; lic. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. same, 1846; pastor, Williamsport, Pa., 1845-49; 
 New Holland, Pa., 1850-64; Trappe, Pa., 1864-73; Stroudsburg, Pa., 1873- 
 82; Leacock, Pa., 1884-93; prin. prep. dept. Muhlenberg Col., 1882-84; 
 dir. Mt. Airy Sem., 1864-98; dir. Muhlenberg Col., 1869-76; author, The 
 Episcopate; m. Louisa A. Baum, Feb. 26, 1846; 9 children; d. Apr. 11, 
 1898. 
 
 KOPP, WILLIAM, b. Emmittsburg, Md., Oct. 11, 1820; A.B., Gettysburg 
 Col., 1843; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1845; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1845; ord. same, 
 1847; pastor, Franklin Co., Pa., 1845-48; McConnellsburg, Pa., 1848-50 
 
 391 
 
1843 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Schellsburg, Pa., 1853-56; Martinsburg, W. Va., 1856-58; New Kingston, 
 Pa., 1859-64; prin. Gym. at Johnstown, Pa., 1848-53; prof. Augustana 
 Sem., 1864-67; m. Harriet B. Little, Sept. 1, 1846; she d. Mar. 5, 1857; 
 m. Susan Strickler, Nov. 2, 1858; he d. Mar. 23, 1868. 
 
 LINN, JOSEPH A., f. Salisbury, N. C.; b. May 28, 1820; prep. at Lexing- 
 ton, S. C.; lic. N. C. Syn., 1844; ord. same, 1845; pastor, Rowan Co., 
 N. C., 1844-64; one of founders and dir. N. C. Col.; m. Rebecca Louisa 
 Shuler; 1 s.; she d. June 21, 1848; m. Margaret A. Bernhardt, Aug. 22, 
 1849; 1 s.; he d. Mar. 16, 1864. 
 
 PFAHLER, MATTHEW FREDERICK, b. Wurtemberg, Ger., Dec. 10, 1815; 
 s. David and Mary P.; emigrated cl1819; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1842; lic. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1844; ord. Al. Syn., 1846; pastor, Petersburg, Pa., 1845-51; 
 Salisbury, Pa., 1852-65; 1868-76; Lewisburg, Pa., 1865-68; Wellersburg, 
 Pa., 1876-85; m. Henrietta Shultz, May 29, 1849; children, Albert M., 
 David, John, 1 dau.; d. Feb. 13, 1890. 
 
 RALLY, WILLIAM BUCHANAN, f. Vienna; lic. Pa. M., 1844; ord. same 
 1845; pastor, Manayunk, Pa., 1845-46; Mt. Eaton, O., 1846-51; Abbey- 
 ville, O., 1851- ; d. early. 
 
 SADTLER, JOHN PHILIP BENJAMIN, b. Baltimore, Dec. 25, 1823; s. 
 Philip B. and Catherine: S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1842; D.D., same, 1867; lic. 
 Md. Syn., 1844; pastor, Pine Grove, Pa., 1845-49; Shippensburg, Pa., 
 1849-53; St. Peter’s, Middletown, Pa., 1853-56; St. John’s, Easton, Pa., 
 1856-62; prin. Lutherville Sem., 1862-76; pres. Muhlenberg Col., 1877- 
 86; trustee Gbg. Col., 1862-77; pres. Ger. Hist. Soc. of Md.; m. Caroline 
 E. Schmucker, Oct. 9, 1845; children, Samuel P., Chas. E.. Wm. A., 
 John, Edward, Catherine, Clara; she d. June 9, 1917; he d. Apr. 28, 1901. 
 
 SAUERWEIN, PETER G., b. Baltimore, Mar. 20, 1825; A.B., Gettysburg 
 Col., 1842; Gbg. and Yale Sems.; not lic.; tutor, Wittenberg Col.; ad- 
 mitted to the bar; member Balto. City Council, 1861-62; Internal Rev- 
 enue col., 1862-66; successively pres. People’s Gas Co., Ritchie Mineral 
 Resin and Oil Co., of W. Va., Adams White Lead Co., Balto.; m. Mary 
 Grace Clarkson, 1847; d. 1886. 
 
 SUMMERS, JACOB, b. Augusta Co., Va., Feb. 25, 1813; Gettysburg Col., 
 1838-42; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1845; lic. Va. Syn., 1845; ord. same, 1847; 
 pastor, Moore’s Store, Va., 1845-52; Gravel Spring, Va., 1852-55, 1882- 
 84; Paddy Mills, Va., 1855-70; Mechanicstown, Md., 1871-79; Brandon- 
 ville, W. Va., 1879-82; m. Julia A. Joseph, Aug. 13, 1845; d. June 
 21, 1884. 
 
 392 
 
ALUMNI 1844 
 
 1844 
 
 ANSTADT, PETER, b. Hoh Einoed, New Bavaria, Ger., Nov. 19, 1819; 
 s. Peter and Elizabeth (Altman) A.; emigrated, 1830; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
 1844; Grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1889; lic. Al. Syn., 1846; 
 ord. same, 1847; pastor, Hollidaysburg, Pa., 1846-48; 3rd, Balto., 1848- 
 51; St. Jas., Gbg., Pa., 1851-54; Selinsgrove, Pa., 1861-70; instr. Gbg. 
 Col.; instr. Sus. Sem.; instr. York Col. Inst., 1874-75; founder of pub. 
 house of P. Anstadt & Sons; ed. Kirchenbote, 1851-63; founder and ed. 
 Am, Luth., 1861-77; pub. and ed. Teacher’s Journal and Scholar’s S. S. 
 Comments, 1873-03; author, Eine Answald Deutschen Sprichworte Erk- 
 laet, 1853; Life and Times of S. S. Schmucker, 1896; Luther, Zinzen- 
 dorf and Wesley; tr. Luther’s Notes on the Gospels, 1899; m. Elizabeth 
 A. Benson, Dec. 22, 1853; children, Mrs. S. L. Gross, Lou, Chas. P., 
 Wm. W., Mary E., Henry, Annie A.; she d. 1906; he d. May 12, 1903. 
 
 BOSSERMAN, ALEXANDER B., f. Waynesboro, Pa.; grad. Gettysburg 
 Sem., 1846; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1846; ord. Al. Syn., 1847; pastor, Johns- 
 town, Pa., 1846-51; Zanesville, O., 1851-53; suspended by Mia. Syn., 
 1853; deposed for heresy by Mia. Syn., 1854; entered ministry of Uni- 
 versalist Ch. 
 
 CORBETT, THOMAS WILLIAM, b. Guernsey Co., O., Jan. 12, 1819; s. 
 Peter and Elizabeth C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1844; lic. E. O. Syn., 1846; 
 pastor, Guernsey Co., O., 1846-57; Somerset, O., 1857-60; Lafayette, O., 
 and vicinity, 1860-85; m. Elizabeth C. Robins, Nov. 1, 1849; d. May 26, 
 1895. 
 
 CURTIS, SYLVANDER, b. Cumberland, Md., May 11, 1819; Gettysburg 
 Col., 1839-44; ord. Hart. Syn., 1847; served 15 pastorates in N. Y., Pa., 
 Md., and N. J.; m. Matilda White, May 31, 1846; 2 children; d. Aug. 
 21, 1887. 
 
 DEININGER, CONSTANTINE J., b. Center Co., Pa, Aug. 30, 1822; s. 
 Andrew G. D.; Gbg. Col., 1839-43; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1846; ord. same, 1848; pastor, East Berlin, Pa., 1846-50, 1852-53; 
 Indiana, Pa., 1850-52; York Co., Pa., 1853-85; m. Maria Treat, Nov. 
 
 - 4, 1846; d. Jan. 21, 1885. 
 
 DIEHL, MICHAEL, b. near Greencastle, Pa., Feb. 12, 1819; s. Michael 
 and Catherine (Leininger) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1844; Gbg. Sem., 1844- 
 46; D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1868; lic. Mia. Syn., 1846; ord. same, 1849; 
 prof. Wittenberg Col., 1846-68; m. Harriet Winwood, 1852; author, Bio. 
 of Ezra Keller, 1859; d. Apr. 10, 1869. 
 
 393 
 
1844 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 EHRENFELD, AUGUSTUS CLEMENS, b. Mifflinburg, Pa., Jan. 26, 1821; 
 s. A. C. E.; Gbg. Col., 1843-44; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1846; ord. same, 1847; pastor, Smicksburg, Pa., 1847-49; Worth- 
 ington, Pa., 1849-57; Leechburg, Pa., 1858-59; Tarentum, Pa., 1859-61; 
 Johnstown, Pa., 1861-65; Indiana, Pa., 1865-c85; m. Maria E. Rupley, 
 Apr. 15, 1847; children, N. Frank, 1 dau.; she d. Aug. 22, 1898; he d. 
 Mar. 10, 1897. 
 
 HARKEY, JAMES M., b. Iredell Co., N. C., Jan. 3, 1821; s. John and 
 Sarah H.; stud. theo. with S. W. Harkey; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; lic. 
 Md. Syn., 1846; ord. same, 1847; pastor, Rossville, Pa., 1846-50; Green- 
 castle, Pa., 1850-52; Quincy, Ill., 1852-55; Mendon, IIl., 1855-56; Lib- 
 erty, Ill., 1856-61; Pittsfield, Ill, 1861-62; Mt. Carmel, Lancaster and 
 Claremont, Ill., 1862-75; m. Ann Elizabeth Keller, Nov. 5, 1846; she d. 
 1875; he d. Oct. 11, 1875. 
 
 HAUER, WASHINGTON C., b. Clearspring, Md., July 10, 1818; Gettys- 
 burg Col., 1840-44; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1846; pas- 
 tor, Zanesville, O., 1846-48; Bolivar, O., 1848-53, 1856-58; Shanesville, 
 O., 1853-56; Hancock Co., O., 1858-66; Fairfield Co., O. 1866-71; 
 Tarleton, O., 1871-75; Fairview, O., 1875-76; m. Matilda McCurdy, June 
 2, 1847; d. July 11, 1881. 
 
 NIXDORFF, GEORGE AUGUSTUS, b. Frederick, Md., Aug. 20, 1823; s. 
 Henry and Susan N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1844; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1846; ord. same, 1847; pastor, Perrysburg, O., 1848-50; 
 Brandonville, Va., 1850-54; Duncannon, Pa., 1854-58; Burkittsville, 
 Md., 1858-66; Clearfield, Pa., 1867-70; Georgetown, D. C., 1871-91; 
 unmarried; author, Scenes From the Life of Christ, 1876; d. Nov. 5, 
 1907. 
 
 STECK, DANIEL, b. Hughesville, Pa., Nov. 18, 1819; Gettysburg Col., 
 1840-42; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1874; lic. E. Pa. 
 Syn., 1846; ord. same, 1847; pastor, Eng., Pottsville, Pa., 1847-57, 1868- 
 70; Lancaster, Pa., 1857-62; Dayton, O., 1862-68; Middletown, Md., 
 1870-75; St. Jas., Gbg., Pa., 1875-81; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Susan M. 
 Edwards, Apr. 18, 1848; children, John Kate, Newton, Chas. F., Au- 
 gustus R., Valeria, Luther; she d. July 23, 1918; he d. June 10, 1881. 
 
 UHL, WILLIAM C., b Wellersburg, Pa., Oct. 28, 1819; Gettysburg Col., 
 1842-44; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1846; lic. Pb. Syn., 1846; ord. Al. Syn., 1848; 
 pastor, Curlsville, Pa., 1846-48; Somerset Co., Pa., 1848-52; in IIL, 
 1852-88; Monrovia, Calif., 1888-90; d. Jan. 19, 1897. 
 
 394 
 
ALUMNI 1845-46 
 
 YOUNG, CHARLES, b. New Oxford, Pa., Dec. 15, 1806; lic. Al. Synod, 
 1846; ord. same, 1847; pastor, Somerset Co., Pa., 1846-51,. 1862-69; 
 Dixon, Ill., and vicinity, 1851-62; Dakota, Ill., 1869-72; Salina, Kas., 
 1873-75; d. Feb. 20, 1889. 
 
 1845 
 
 EVANS, JOSHUA, b. Columbia Co., Pa., Oct., 1816; grad. Gettysburg 
 Sem., 1847; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1847; ord. same, 1848; pastor, Jersey Shore, 
 Pa., 1848-52; Newville, Pa., 1852-60; Hagerstown, Md., 1860-66; Lewis- 
 burg, Pa., 1866-69; m. Susan Hill, Feb. 2, 1848; 4 children; d. Jan. 
 26, 1869. 
 
 MILLER, JOHN WILSON, b. Dillsburg, Pa., Mar. 3, 1818; s. Tobias and 
 Rebecca M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1845; lic. W. Pa. Sym, 1849; ord. Va. 
 Syn., 1851; pastor, Bridgewater, Va., 1849-51; New Haven, W. Va., 
 1851-76 ; tutor, Acad. at Woodstock, Va., 1847-48; m. Mrs. Eliza Steven- 
 son, Feb, 27, 1857; d. Jan. 11, 1891. 
 
 RIZER, LAWRENCE, b. Cumberland, Md., 1826; s. Martin and Ann 
 Catherine (Boward) R.; Cumberland Acad.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1847; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1847; ord. Mia. Syn., 1849; pastor, Lancaster, O., 1848-50; 
 Canton, O., 1850-52; d. Aug. 20, 1857. 
 
 SCHMUCKER, BEALE MELANCHTHON, b. Gettysburg, Pa. Aug. 26, 
 1827; s. S. S. and Catherine (Steenbergen) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1844; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1847; D.D., U. of Pa., 1870; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1847; 
 ord. Va. Syn., 1849; pastor, Martinsburg, W. Va., 1848-55; St. John’s, 
 Allentown, Pa., 1852-62; St. John’s, Easton, Pa., 1862-67; St. Jas., 
 Reading, Pa., 1867-81; Transfiguration, Pottstown, Pa., 1881-88; dir. 
 Mt. Airy Sem., 1864-88; trustee Muhlenberg Col.; m. Christiana M. 
 Pretz, Mar. 6, 1860; 2 children; d. Oct. 15, 1888. 
 
 1846 
 
 BAUM, WILLIAM MILLER, b. Earlville, Pa., Jan. 25, 1825; s. John F. 
 and Sarah B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1846; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1848; D.D., 
 Gbg. Col., 1867; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1848; ord. same, 1850; pastor, Middle- 
 town, Pa., 1848-52; Barren Hill, Pa., 1852-58; Winchester, Va., 1858- 
 62; St. Paul’s, York, Pa., 1862-74; St. Matt., Phila., 1874-1902; trustee 
 Gbeg. Col. f. 1861; dir. Gbg. Sem. f. 1858; member bd. Home Mis- 
 sions, G. S., 1869-74; member bd. publication, G. S.; pres. G. S., 1873; 
 mgr. Pa. Bible Soc., 1874-93 and pres. same 1893-1902; trustee North- 
 ern Home for Friendless Children, Phila., 1878-1902; m. Maria Louisa 
 Croll, May 8, 1851; she d. Apr. 20, 1891; he d. Feb. 6, 1902. 
 
 395 
 
1846 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 BENEDICT, FREDERICK R., f. Waynesboro, Pa.; b. cl819; Gettysburg 
 Col., 1843-46; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1848; lic. Md. Syn., 1848; ord. Al. Syn., 
 1850; pastor, Bedford Co., Pa., 1848-57; Frostburg, Md., 1858-60; Som- 
 erset, Pa., 1860-61; trustee Gbg. Col., 1856-62; m. Bin Chorpenning, May 
 18, 1852; 2nd wife, Mary Russel, d. Feb. 19, 1879; he d. Mar. 31, 1890. 
 
 KUHL, CONRAD, b. Bindsachen, Hesse Darmstadt, Ger., Oct. 21, 1821; 
 emigrated, 1834; Gbg. Col., 1845-46; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1848; D.D., Car- 
 thage Col., 1893; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1848; ord. Ill. Syn., 1850; pastor, 
 Quincy, IIl., and vicinity, 1848-50, 1857-68; miss. for Ill. Syn., 1850-51; 
 Springfield, Ill, 1851-52; Mt. Carmel, Ill, 1852-55; Carthage, III. 
 1868-76; agt. for Ill. State U., 1855-57; one of founders and dir. 
 Carthage Col.; m. Eveline M. Sell, Sept. 12, 1849; 5 children; d. Jan. 
 28, 1898. 
 
 MARTZ, GEORGE J., b. near Frederick, Md., Aug. 27, 1822; A.B., Gettys- 
 burg Co., 1846; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1848; ord. Md. Syn., 1848; miss. in 
 India, 1849-52; pastor, Sharpsburg, Md., 1852-56; Dauphin Co., Pa., 
 1856-67; Womelsdorf, Pa., 1867-78; Piedmont, W. Va., 1885-88; Wal- 
 halla, S. C., 1894-97; engaged in business at Lebanon, Pa., 1878-85; m. 
 Caroline Nunemaker, Dec. 3, 1857; d. Feb. 4, 1898. 
 
 RENSHAW, WILLIAM ANDREY, b. Littlestown, Pa., Feb. 20, 1824; s. 
 Jas. and Rebecca (Ferree) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1846; d. in sem. dorm. 
 Jan. 21, 1847. 
 
 SCHERER, SIMEON, b. Guilford Co., N. C., Oct. 29, 1819; s. Jacob S.; 
 S. Sem.; Roanoke Col.; Gbg. Sem.; lic. S. W. Va. Syn., 1848; ord. 
 same, 1850; pastor, Giles Co., Va., 1848-52; in N. C., 1852-76; m. Mary 
 Ann Davis, July 24, 1851; she d. Feb. 5, 1857; children, Revs. L. P., 
 W. J., M. G. G., J. A. B.; he d. July 11, 1876. 
 
 WEDEKIND, AUGUSTUS CHARLES, b. Friedrichs-Ruh, Hanover, Ger., 
 June 16, 1824; s. Chas. and Christina W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1846; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1848; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1867; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1848; ord. E. 
 Pa. Syn., 1850; pastor, Fayetteville, Pa., 1848-49; Zion’s, Lebanon, Pa., 
 1849-62; St. John’s, Lancaster, Pa., 1862-65; St. Jas. New York, N. Y., 
 1865-79; St. John’s, New York, N. Y., 1879-90; 11th regt. Pa. Mil., 
 1862; trustee Gbg. Col., 1856-97; dir. Am. Tract Soc., 1874-96; dir. Am. 
 and For. Christian Union, 1867-96; one of organizers of Calif. Syn., 
 1891; assoc. ed. The Christian at Work; m. Eveleen A. Raiguel, Oct. 6, 
 1859; 7 children; d. Apr. 8, 1897. 
 
 396 
 
ALUMNI 1847 
 
 WELKER, JOSEPH, b. Hesse Darmstadt, Nov. 11, 1821; Gettysburg 
 Acad. and Col., 1840-46; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1848; lic. Al. Syn., 1848; ord. 
 Pb. Syn., 1851; pastor, Salem, Pa., 1848-51; Williamsport, Pa., 1851-56; 
 Aaronsburg, Pa., 1857-62; Brookville, Pa., 1862-66; Rochester, Pa., 
 1866-c71; m. Christina Loy, Jan. 1, 1849; 9 children; d. Oct. 20, 1895. 
 
 1847 
 
 ALBERT, LUTHER ENDRESS, b. Berlin, Pa., Mar. 9, 1828; s. John J. 
 and Julia (Diehl) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1849; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1867; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1849; ord. same, 1850; assoc. 
 father in Center Co., Pa., 1849-51; pastor, Trinity, Germantown, Pa., 
 1851-1904; pastor emeritus, same, 1904-08; trustee Gbg. Col., 1870-08; 
 dir. Gbg. Sem., 1859-08; member bd. of pub. G. S., 1855-08; treas. Pas- 
 tors’ Fund Soc.; member many bds. and coms.; m. Henrietta E. Good- 
 man, Nov. 16, 1852; children, Mrs. Wm. H. McCollum, Henry S., Wm. 
 E., Mrs, Henry W. Gray, Pattie W., Mrs. Jno. S. Nailor, Mrs. Con- 
 yers B. Finckel, Mrs. Walter K. Smith; d. Mar. 6, 1908. 
 
 BUTLER, JOHN GEORGE, b. Cumberland, Md., Jan. 28, 1826; s. Jona- 
 than B.; Gbg. Col., 1846-47; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1849; A.M., Gbg. Col. 
 1859; D.D., same, 1868; LL.D., Newberry Col.; lic. Md. Syn., 1849; 
 ord. same, 1850; pastor, St. Paul’s, Washn., 1849-73; Memorial, Washn., 
 1873-09; chaplain House of Rep., 1869-75; chaplain U. S. Senate, 1886- 
 93; chaplain Sth Pa. Vol., 1861; hospital chaplain, 1861-65; prof. How- 
 ard U., 20 yrs.; ed. Luth. Evangelist, 1893-09; pres. G. S., 1877; trustee 
 Gbg. Col.; dir. Gbg. Sem.; Ist wife d. Jan., 1862; m. Anna Elizabeth 
 Baker, Oct. 16, 1867; she d. May 19, 1917; children, Ella C., W. K., 
 C. H., Mrs. H. A. Polikinhorn; d. Aug. 2, 1909. 
 
 EYLER, DAVID JACOBS, b. near Smithsburg, Md., Oct. 10, 1825; s. 
 Michael and Barbara E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1849; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1849; ord. Al. Syn., 1851; pastor, Bedford Co., Pa., 
 1850-51; taught sch. 1853; in drug business, 1854-60; m. Christina C. 
 Kurtz, Apr. 15, 1851; she d. Mar. 11, 1911; he d. Mar. 15, 1860. 
 
 FINK, REUBEN AHALT, b. Middletown Valley, Md., Aug. 15, 1824; s. 
 Samuel and Elizabeth F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1849; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1874; lic. Md. Syn., 1849; ord. Va. Syn., 1851; pastor, 
 Newton, Va., 1850-52; Martinsburg, W. Va., 1852-56; Lewisburg, Pa., 
 1856-65; Johnstown, Pa., 1865-90; emeritus same, 1890-95; trustee 
 Gbg. Col.; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Sarah A. Beckwith, Apr. 4, 1850; she d. 
 July 23, 1891; he d. Mar. 25, 1895. 
 
 397 
 
1848 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 KELLER, LEVI, b. Shenandoah Co., Va., June 20, 1820; s. Jacob and 
 Rebecca (Coffman) K.; Roanoke Col.; Gbg. Col., 1846-47; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1849; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1849; ord. Va. Syn., 1851; pastor, Stras- 
 burg, Va., 1849-60; Madison C. H., Va., 1860-67; Woodstock, Va., 
 1867-71; Funkstown, Md., 1871-80; m. Mary C. Hurn, Apr. 10, 1851; 
 children, Luther H., Chas. E.; d. Oct. 11, 1880. 
 
 McHENRY, SOLOMON, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Sept. 1818; Gettysburg 
 Col., 1844-47; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1849; lic. Al. Syn., 1849; ord. same, 
 1852; pastorates, Fayetteville, Pa., McConnellsburg, Pa., Centerville, 
 Pa., Marion, Pa., Williamsburg, Pa., Waynesboro, Pa., West Fairview, 
 Pa., Huntingdon, Pa., Newry, Pa. Cassville, Pa., Quincy, Pa., Warrior’s 
 Mark, Pa.; children, Samuel, Margaret, Catherine, Harriet; d. Mar. 
 12, 1892. 
 
 RABY, PETER, b. Jackson Hall, Pa., Feb. 28, 1821; s. Adam and Cath- 
 erine R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1849; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 
 1849; ord. same, 1850; pastor, Chester Springs, Pa., 1849-58; Wrights- 
 ville, Pa., 1858-60; York Springs, Pa., 1860-65; Middletown, Pa., 1865- 
 72; Grace, West Phila., 1874-76; member bd. pub. G. S.; sec. same, 
 1864-77; m. Elizabeth H. Hartman, July 20, 1852; she d. Dec. 9, 1910; 
 he d. Oct. 2, 1884. 
 
 SHEEDER, PHILIP, b. Chester Co., Pa., Aug. 28, 1819; s. Philip and 
 Mary S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1849; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1849; ord. Al. Syn., 1851; pastor, Brookville, Pa., 1849-53; Lycom- 
 ing Co., Pa., 1853-57; Berlin, Pa., 1857-64; Wilmore, Pa., 1864-67; 
 Martinsburg, Pa., 1867-69; Milroy, Pa., 1869-71; New Berlin, Pa., 1871- 
 73; New Bloomfield, Pa., 1873-81; Idaville, Pa., 1881-84; Silver Run, 
 Md., 1884-86; m. Susan Miller, 1851; she d. Oct. 8, 1906; children, 
 Mary, Mrs. G. A. Landes, P. J., B. R. M.; he d. Oct. 21, 1896. 
 
 SMELTZER, JOSIAH PEARCE, b. Carroll Co., Md., Sept. 10, 1819; s. 
 Geo. and Sarah S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1846; D.D., Erskine Coi., 1873; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1848; ord. same, 1849; pastor, Harpers Ferry and Salem, 
 Va., 1848-61; Spring Hill, S. C., 1886-87; prof. Newberry Col., 1861-77; 
 pres. Walhalla, S. C., Female Sem., 1877-86; m. Harriet A. Buffington, 
 Oct. 22, 1848; she d. June 6, 1850; m. Anna Eliza Eichelberger, June 17, 
 1851; she was matron of Walhalla Sem., 1877-85; she d. Oct. 10, 1885; 
 he d. Oct. 31, 1887. 
 
 1848 
 BICKEL, HENRY MILLER, b. Reading, Pa., Jan. 24, 1827; s. John and 
 
 Sarah B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1848; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1850; D.D., West 
 Md. Col., 1892; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1850; ord. Va. Syn., 1852; pastor, 
 
 398 
 
ALUMNI 1848 
 
 Augusta Co., Va., 1852-54; New Phila., O., 1854-58; New Castle, Ind., 
 1859; Christ, Chestnut Hill, Phila., 1860-65; St. Luke’s, Phila., 1865-67; 
 Center Square, Pa., 1869-75; Advent, Phila., 1877-80; office ed. Luth. 
 and Miss., 1867; office ed. Luth. Obs., 1877-93; author, Seventh Semi- 
 Centennial of the Reformation, 1867; m. Lucinda Williams, May 1, 1856; 
 d. Nov. 12, 1893. 
 
 BORN, PETER, b. near Muncy, Pa., July 3, 1820; s. Peter and Elizabeth 
 B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1848; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1850; D.D., Wittenberg 
 Col., 1879; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1850; ord. same, 1851; pastor, Sunbury, 
 Pa., 1850-59; prin. Classical Dept. Sus. U., 1859-81; prof. Sus. Sem., 
 1881-99; supt. Sus. U., 1881-93; trustee Gbg. Col., 1871-78; m. Sarah 
 Hill, Mar. 4, 1851; 3 surviving children, Reuben, Elizabeth, Catherine; 
 she d. June 7, 1891; he d. May 23, 1899. 
 
 BRAUNS, FREDERICK WILLIAM, b. Bremen, Ger., Feb. 18, 1830; s. 
 Ferdinand L. and Anna H. B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1850; lic. Md. Syn., 1850; ord. Hart. Syn., 1851; pastor, Canajoharie, 
 N. Y., 1851-52; Springfield, O., 1854; Dansville, N. Y., 1854-56; Lock- 
 port, N. Y., 1856-57; Suspension Bridge, N. Y., 1857; Broadway Presby., 
 Balto., 1858-62; Salem, N. J., 1867; Cincinnati, O., 1868-71; Niagara 
 Falls, N. Y., 1871-80; Buffalo, N. Y., 1880; chaplain Jarvis U. S. A. 
 Hospital, Balto., 1862-65; entered Presby. ministry, 1858; m. Susan 
 Murdock, Dec. 18, 1866; d. Jan. 5, 1895. 
 
 ESSICK, ABRAHAM, b. near Quincy, Pa., Nov. 17, 1822; s. John and 
 Catherine (Cook) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1849; 
 ord. Jt. O. Syn., 1852; pastor, York, Pa., 1849-50; Springfield, O., 1854- 
 56; Winchester, Va., 1856-57; St. Jas., Gbg., Pa., 1861-64; Bedford. 
 Pa., 1864-66; New Franklin, O., 1866-70; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1847-48; 
 prof. Capital U., 1850-54; prin. Lutherville Sem., 1858-59; m. Elizabeth 
 R. Livingston, Dec. 19, 1851; children, John S., Anna R., Walter B.; 
 she d. Dec. 30, 1859; m. Sallie R. Smith, Jan. 28, 1862; he d. Dec. 31, 
 1904. 
 
 HECK, JACOB HENRY, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Dec. 8, 1827; s. Jacob 
 and Anna M. (Smith) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1849; 
 ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1850; pastor St. Luke’s, Phila., 1850-53; Williamsburg, 
 Pa., 1853-55; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1855-58; Springfield, O., 1858-61; Ard- 
 more, Pa., 1861-68; Schoharie, N. Y., 1868-82; Central Bridge, N. Y., 
 1882-83; Altamount, N. Y., 1883-86; m. Ellen Pearson, June 8, 1852; 
 d. Jan. 21, 1886. 
 
 399 
 
1849 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 HENRY, SAMUEL, b. Abbottstown, Pa. May 3, 1828; Gettysburg Col, 
 1845-48; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1850; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1850; ord. same, 
 1852; pastor, Dillsburg, Pa., 1850-52; Westminster, Md., 1852-58; Lit- 
 tlestown, Pa., 1858-68; Phillipsburg, N. J., 1868-80; Mifflinburg, Pa., 
 1880-84; Ottawa, Kas., 1884-86; m. Elizabeth S. Weaver, Nov. 3, 1850; 
 children, Mrs. John M. Shiner, J. W.; d. Mar. 9, 1910. 
 
 MILLER, JACOB KELLER, b. York, Pa., Oct. 22, 1822; s. Charles and 
 Lydia M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1848; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1850; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1850; ord. Al. Syn., 1852; pastor, Stoyestown, Pa., 1850-57; 
 Arendtsville, Pa., 1861-67; Franklin Co., Pa., 1867-70; Centre Hall, Pa., 
 1870-76; Boalsburg, Pa., 1876-78; Clinton Co., Pa., 1880-87; supt. schs. 
 Somerset Co., 1857-60; m. Charlotte H. Ziegler, May 15, 1851; she d. 
 Aug. 27, 1869; m. Ellen B. Lonebarger, Oct. 31, 1871; he d. Sept. 
 18, 1887. 
 
 PLITT, JOHN KELLER, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Jan. 14, 1828; s. Lewis and 
 Maria P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1847; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1850; lic. E. Pa. 
 Syn., 1850; ord. same, 1851; pastor, Greenwich, N. J., 1850-66; Greens- 
 burg, Pa., 1866-73; Catasauqua, Pa., 1873-78; St. Stephen’s, Phila., 1878- 
 83; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1847-48; dir. Mt. Airy Sem., 1879-86, 1895-98; 
 trustee Muhlenberg Col., 1876-85; agt. pub. bd. G. C., 1892-98; treas. 
 Mt. Airy Sem., 1889-95; m. Mary A. Horner, Nov. 19, 1851; d. Apr. 
 26, 1898. 
 
 -ROEDEL, WILLIAM D., b. Lebanon, Pa., Jan. 1, 1829; s. Jacob and Jus- 
 tina R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1848; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1850; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 
 1850; ord. same, 1851; pastor, So. Pgh., Pa., 1850-51; Lower Merion, 
 Pa., 1851-55; pres. Female Sem., Wytheville, Va., 1855-65; ed. Carmina 
 Ecclesiae, 1861; ed. Book of Worship (South), 1867; m. Josephine 
 Forney, Mar. 24, 1852; d. Dec. 12, 1865. 
 
 1849 
 
 CONRAD, VICTOR LAFAYETTE, b. Pine Grove, Pa. Oct. 7, 1824; s. 
 Henry W. and Elizabeth (Kendall) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1848; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1851; Ph.D., Gbg. Col., 1880; D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1890; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1851; ord. Pb. Syn., 1854; ed. Ev. Luth., 1853-56; 
 prin. 9th Ward Schs., Pb., Pa., 1856-57; pres. Cooper Female Sem., 
 Dayton, O., 1857-61; business in New York, N. Y., 1861-67; prof. Gbg. 
 Col., 1867-70; ed. staff Luth. Obs., 1870-1900; m. Hannah DeWolfe Bart- 
 lett, Nov. 14, 1854; she d. June 25, 1905; author, Hist. Statement of 
 the N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1866; d. Jan. 7, 1900. 
 
 400 
 
ALUMNI 1849 
 
 DIEHL, CHARLES F., b. Strassburg, Alsace, Mar. 14, 1814; emigrated 
 1834; lic. Pb. Syn., 1850; ord. same, 1851; pastor, near Toronto, Can. ; 
 
 Monroe, Mich.; Washn.; Kenton, O.; prof. in Female Sem., Monroe, 
 Mich.; d. Feb. 2, 1885. 
 
 FICHTNER, JOSEPH, b. Somerset Co., Pa., Dec. 29, 1820; Gettysburg 
 Col., 1846-48; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. Al. Syn., 1851; ord. same, 
 1853; pastor, Martinsburg, Pa., 1851-53; Newry, Pa., 1853-66; suspended 
 by Al. Syn., 1866; assoc. judge Blair Co., Pa., 1881; m. Elizabeth 
 Frank, Nov. 14, 1843; d. Jan. 21, 1892. 
 
 FOCHT, DAVID HENLEIN, b. near Williamsburg, Pa. Apr. 12, 1821; 
 Gbg. Col., 1845-48; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1858; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1850; ord. 
 same, 1852; pastor, Grind Stone Hill, Pa. 1850-55; Bloomfield, Pa., 
 1855-64; m. Susan Brown, Oct. 8, 1850; children, John B., Geo. M., 
 M. L., Mrs. H. M. McClure, Benj. K.; author, Churches Bet. the Mts., 
 1862; d. May 13, 1864. 
 
 GEITZ, JOHN NICHOLAS, b. cl1814, Bairen, Ger.; emigrated Oct., 1849; 
 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1850; not ord.; pastor, Quincy, Ill., 1850-52; Clayton, 
 Til., 1852-53; d. Oct. 19, 1853. 
 
 HENRY, ELIAS STRICKHOUSER, b. Shrewsbury, Pa. Nov. 30, 1823; 
 s. Geo. M. and Lydia (Strickhouser) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1849; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1851; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1852; agt. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1851-52; pastor, Pinegrove, Pa., 1852-97; m. Sarah A. Con- 
 
 rad, Sept. 12, 1853; she d. Aug. 12, 1869; m. Elmira L. Seidel, Feb. 6, 
 1872; he d. Apr. 26, 1897. 
 
 KOONS, HENRY SAMUEL, b. York Co., Pa., June 12, 1828; A.B., Gettys- 
 burg Col., 1849; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1851; ord. 
 same, 1854; pastor, Bedford Co., Pa., 1851-52; prin. Indiana, Pa., Acad., 
 1852-53; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1853-57; prin. schs. Pinegrove, Pa., 1857-60; 
 prin. Hanover, Pa., Classical Sch., 1860-69; m. Caroline E. Buehler, 
 Sept. 23, 1852; she d. May 27, 1893; he d. Dec. 15, 1869. 
 
 LILLY, AARON WALTER, b. Turbotville, Pa., Dec. 3, 1822; s. George 
 and Catherine (Walter) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1848; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1851; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1885; lic. Md. Syn., 1851; ord. same, 1852; pas- 
 tor, 3rd Balto., 1851-55; Zion’s, York, Pa., 1855-97; member Bd. Home 
 Missions, G. S., 1869-85; member Bd. Ch. Extension, G. S., 1869-91; 
 dir. Gbg. Sem.; trustee Irving Col., 1890-1902; one of founders and 
 assoc. ed. Luth. Miss. Journal; m. Margery A. Herman, Nov. 5, 1851; 
 she d. Aug. 17, 1906; children, C. Foster, Mrs. C. R. Trowbridge, Mrs. 
 J. M. Finley, Mary E., Margery D. H.; he d. July 5, 1902. 
 
 401 
 
1849 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 MILLER, EDMUND, b. Salem, Va., May 8, 1822; s. Michael and Eliza- 
 beth M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1848; Gbg. Sem., 1849; teaching, Roanoke 
 Col., 1848-49; Frostburg, Md., 1849-51; lic. Ill. Syn., 1851; ord. same, 
 1852; supply, Hillsboro, Ill 1851-52; prof. Ill. State U., 1852-58; prin. 
 Hillsboro, Ill, Acad., 1858-65; in business, Dixon, Ill., 1865-81; m. Jane 
 M. Gilfillan, July 13, 1853; 1 dau.; she d. Jan. 29, 1857; m. Maria P. 
 Williams, Nov. 9, 1858; he d. Feb. 24, 1888. 
 
 MILLER, J. CLEMENS, lic. Pa. M., 1850; ord. same 1851; pastorates 
 Norristown, Pa., Phoenixville, Pa., Lebanon, Pa., St. Louis, Mo., Balto.; 
 d. Jan. 5, 1859. 
 
 PILE, GRAFT MARTIN, b. Somerset, Pa., June 13, 1824; s. Samuel C. 
 and B. (La Rue) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1849; lic. Al. Syn., 1850; ord. 
 Al, Syn., 1852; at Smicksburg, Pa., 1851-53; prin. Acad. Johnstown, 
 Pa., 1853-54; prin. Somerset, Pa., H. S., 1854-55; prof. Ill. State U., 
 1856-58; chaplain, 54th Pa. Vol., 1862-64; m. Susan M. Baker, Apr. 5, 
 1859; d. Mar. 8, 1912. 
 
 ROTH, GEORGE, b. Hesse Darmstadt, Ger., 1814; emigrated 1823; 
 Dickinson Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1851; ord. 
 same, 1853; pastor, Arndtsville, Pa., 1851-58; McConnellsburg, Pa., 
 1859-62; 2nd Chambersburg, Pa., 1862-64; Middleburg, Pa., 1864-74; 
 Sciota, Pa., 1874-82; m. Charlotte McKnight, Dec. 29, 1852; d. Jan. 
 15, 1899. 
 
 SCHEIDE, GEORGE WASHINGTON, f. Philadelphia; A.B., U. of Pa.; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. Pa. M. 1851; not ord.; pastor, Manheim, 
 Pa., 1851; Orwigsburg, Pa., 1852-53; Schuylkill Bend, Pa., 1853-55; to 
 Ta., 1855; dropped f. roll of Ia. Syn., 1857. 
 
 SCHMOGROW, JOHN SAMUEL WILLIAM, b. Cottbus, Prussia, July 8, 
 1817; stud. theo. with J. Gossner, Berlin; emigrated, 1849; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1850; ord. Va. Syn., 1852; pastor, Hagerstown, Md., 1851-52; 
 Richmond, Va., 1852-56; New Washington, O., 1856-58; Huron Co., O., 
 1858-c73; St. Mary’s, O., c1873-79; d. June 2, 1879. 
 
 SCHULTZE, AUGUSTUS HEINRICH, f. Friesark, Prussia; at Water- 
 town, Wis., cl1856-65; at Fort Dodge, Ia., c1871-89; m. Mrs. Eve Rock- 
 erbrodt, Nov. 13, 1849. 
 
 SELL, DANIEL, b. Cumberland Co., Pa., Apr. 18, 1819; Gettysburg Col., 
 1845-49; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. Pa. Min. 1851; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 
 1853; pastor, Rossville, Pa., 1851-53; Berrysburg, Pa., 1853-60; Lock 
 
 402 
 
ALUMNI 1850 
 
 Haven, Pa., 1860-62; Aaronsburg, Pa., 1862-65; Pine Grove Mills, Pa., 
 1865-69; Loysville, Pa., 1869-72; Dillsburg, Pa., 1872-73; New Kings- 
 ton, Pa., 1873-75; New Chester, Pa., 1875-79; East Berlin, Pa., 1879- 
 88; m. Frances Maria Rice, who d. Feb. 13, 1873; m. Mrs. Caroline Wil- 
 liams, Dec. 23, 1874; he d. May 24, 1888. ' 
 
 UNRUH, JOHN NICHOLAS, b. Germantown, Pa., Sept. 3, 1820; s. Joseph 
 and Mary U.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1849; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. Md. 
 Syn., 1851; ord. same, 1852; pastor, Boonsboro, Md., 1851-58; Fries- 
 burg, N. J., 1858-66; Mechanicstown, Md., 1866-70; Williamsburg, Pa., 
 1870-76; Glade, Pa., 1876-71; Hooversville, Pa., 1881-86; Wilmore, 
 Pa., 1886-88; m. Ann Eliza Kates, July 17, 1851; 4 children; d. Nov. 
 4, 1888. 
 
 WURSTER, IMMANUEL, b. Boblingen, Wiirtemberg, Ger., Feb. 18, 1825; 
 Miss. Inst., Basel, 3 yrs.; emigrated, 1849; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1851; lic. 
 Pb. Syn., 1851; ord. Can. Conf., 1853; pastor, St. John’s, Waterloo, 
 Can., 1851-55; Preston, Ont., 1855-81; Princeton, Ont., 1855-93; one of 
 founders of Canada Syn., 1861; m.; 6 children; d. Apr. 24, 1893. 
 
 1850 
 
 ANDERSON, GEORGE W., b. Rockingham Co., Va., Sept. 7, 1821; s. 
 Wm. and Hannah (Loftus) A.; Roanoke Col.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1850; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. Va. Syn., 1852; ord. Md. Syn., 1853; pastor, 
 Creagerstown, Md., 1852-56; Uniontown, Md., 1872-75; Glen Gardner, 
 N. J., 1875-82; Melrose, N. Y., 1882-85; in business, Hagerstown, Md., 
 for many years; m. Anna Maria Winter, Sept. 25, 1855; d. Aug. 
 12, 1888. 
 
 BERKEMEIER, WILLIAM, b. Oerlinghausen, Lippe Detwold, Ger., Oct. 
 18, 1820; emigrated, 1847; Gbg. Sem., 1850-51; lic. Pb. Syn., 1851; ord. 
 same, 1853; pastor, Pb., Pa., 1851-58; Wheeling, W. Va., 1858-67; Mt. 
 Vernon, N. Y., 1867-77; Immigrant’s Mission, N. Y. City, 1873-99; 
 pioneer immigrant missionary in N. Y.; m. Caroline Ernestine Luise 
 Amalie Nielaender, 1847; children, Wm., Caroline F., Gottlieb C., Maria 
 L., Anna M., Hermann J., Nathaniel W., Martha, Hannah; she d. Feb. 
 28, 1895; he d. Mar. 7, 1899. 
 
 EHREHART, CHARLES JOHN, b. Adams Co., Pa., Jan. 22, 1827; s. 
 Thos. and Margaret E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1850; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1852; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1853; pastor, Shamokin, Pa., 
 1853-56; Middletown, Pa., 1856-65; tutor Gbg. Col., 1850-51; prin. Buf- 
 falo Inst., Worthington, Pa., 1852-53; one of founders and prof. Sha- 
 
 403 
 
1850 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 mokin Inst.; prin. prep. dept., Gbg. Col., 1865-70; m. Martha Hill, May 
 31, 1855; 4 children; she d. Nov. 8, 1867; m. Mary Elizabeth Eichel- 
 berger, Aug. 5, 1869; he d. Nov. 26, 1870. 
 
 EICHELBERGER, JOHN MILLER, b. Winchester, Va. Mar. 9, 1831; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1850; admitted to the bar; practiced in St. Louis, Mo.; 
 d. Aug. 8, 1854. 
 
 GREAVER, WILLIAM FRANKLIN, b. Augusta Co., Va., Apr. 13, 1826; s. 
 Margaret G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1850; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. Pa. M., 
 1852; ord. Ill. Syn., 1853; pastor, Davenport, Ia., 1855-56; Canton, O., 
 1859-63; Greensburg, Pa., 1863-65; prof. Ill. State U., 1852-55; assoc. 
 ed. The Missionary, 1856-57; lecturing 1858-59; m. Emma Virginia 
 Miller, Jurie 3, 1858; he d. Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
 GREAVER, WILLIAM FRANKLIN, b. Augusta Co., Va., Apr. 13, 1826; s. 
 David and Mary G.; Roanoke Col.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1850; lic. S. W. 
 Va. Syn., 1851; ord. Va. Syn., 1853; pastor, Stephensburg, Va., 1852- 
 55; Williamsport, Md., 1855-57; m. Anna A. Wild, Jan. 27, 1853; 2 
 children; d. Oct. 16, 1857. 
 
 HAINES, GEORGE, b. Abbottstown, Pa., 1824; Gettysburg Col., 1841-42, 
 1845-47; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1852; ord. Va. Syn., 
 1854; pastor, German Settlement, Va., 1852-54; Hummelstown, Pa., 
 1854-56; Millerstown, Pa., 1857-58; d. Feb. 19, 1860. 
 
 NITTERRAUER, CORNELIUS, b. Dauphin Co., Pa., July 3, 1826; A.B., 
 Gbg. Col., 1850; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. Pa. M., 1852; ord. same, 
 1854; pastor, Dauphin, Pa., 1851-53; New Kingston, Pa., 1853-58; 
 Blairsville, Pa., 1858-61; m. Mary Kissinger, May 5, 1857; 1 dau.; d. 
 May 11, 1861. 
 
 PROBST, JOHN FREDERICK, b. Hilbertshausen, Hanover, Ger., Aug. 
 13, 1824; s. Dr. T. F. and Louisa P.; emigrated, 1832; Gbg. Col., 1844- 
 47, 1848-49; lic. Md. Syn., 1851; ord. same, 1852; pastor, Frederick Co., 
 Md., 1851-53; Smithsburg, Md., 1853-56; Hummelstown, Pa., 1856-58; 
 West Wheeling, Ill, 1858-60; Hamilton, O., 1862-64; Shelbyville, O., 
 1864-67; Dixon, Ill., 1867-69; Mt. Carmel, Ill, 1869-c71; Walhalla, 
 S. C., 1875-85; Jacksonville, Fla., 1891-c96; prof. Collegiate Inst., War- 
 ren, Ill., 1860-62; prof. Newberry Col., 1876-77; agt. for Gbg. Col., 1871; 
 miss. supt. S. C. Syn., 1874-75; m. Anna Rebecca Kolb, Nov. 26, 1851; 7 
 children, 3 surviving, Mrs. John C. Tiedeman, Luther K., G. C.; she d. 
 Dec. 9, 1888; m. Mrs. U. Gould; he d. Mar. 25, 1900. 
 
 404 
 
ALUMNI 1851 
 
 RECK, HENRY, b. Adams Co., Pa., Aug. 24, 1829; s. Samuel and Sarah 
 R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1850; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. Pb. Syn., 1852; 
 ord. same, 1855; pastor, Birmingham, Pa., 1852-63; Rochester, Pa., 
 1863-70; dir. Orphans’ Home, Rochester, Pa., 1863-70; dir. Orphans’ 
 Home, Jacksonville, Ill., 1870-71; organized Collegiate Inst., Springfield, 
 Ill., 1870; prof. Augustana Col., 1871-81; m. Anna Rebecca Mehring, 
 Oct. 11, 1863; she taught at Lutherville Sem., Govanston Inst., her own 
 sch. at Windsor, Md.; founder and prin. Fairview Acad., Rock Island, 
 Ill., 1880-86; children, Wm., Marion, Harry, Warren; she d. Aug. 
 1886; he d. Oct. 27, 1881. 
 
 SHEELEIGH, MATTHIAS, b. Charlestown, Pa., Dec. 29, 1821; s. Jesse 
 and Mary (Orner) S.; Gbg. Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. E. Pa. 
 Syn., 1852; ord. N. Y. Min., 1853; pastor, Valatie, N. Y., 1853-57; 
 Minersville, Pa., 1857-59; Phila., 1859-64; Stewartsville, N. J., 1864-69; 
 Whitemarsh, Pa., 1869-95; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1866-1900; member bd. pub. 
 G. S., 1859-87; one of organizers Pa. Ger. Soc.; co-ed. Luth. Home 
 Journal, 1859-60; ed. Luth. S. S. Herald, 1860-1900; Luth. Almanac, 
 1871-1900; tr. Olaf Thorlaksen, 1870; author, numerous poems and 
 articles; m, Sabina M. Diller, May 3, 1859; children, Luther, Elizabeth, 
 Grace M., Mrs. U. S. G. Rupp, Matthias; she d. June 17, 1909; he d. 
 July 15, 1900. 
 
 VALENTINE, MILTON. See Faculty, page 317. 
 
 WELFLEY, JOHN, b. near Salisbury, Pa., 1823; s. Peter and Eva W.; 
 Gbg. Col., 1845-50; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. Al. Syn., 1852; ord. 
 Md. Syn., 1853; pastor, Emmitsburg, Md., 1852-54; Dickinson, Pa., 
 1854-56; Strasburg, Pa., 1856-58; N. Zion, Al. Co., Pa. 1858-64; 
 Apollo, Pa., 1864-69; Donegal, Pa., 1869-75; Bowerston, O., 1875-83; 
 Springdale, Pa., 1883-90; Ist. wife, Amelia, d. Nov. 7, 1856; m. Mrs. 
 Catherine M. Ziegler, Dec. 23, 1857; m. Nancy Schafer, July 2, 1874; 
 he d. Dec. 19, 1898. 
 
 YINGLING, SAMUEL, -b. York, Pa., Oct. 14, 1819; s. John and Hannah 
 Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1850; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1852; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1852; 
 ord. same, 1853; pastor, Jersey Shore, Pa., 1852-56; Palmyra, Pa., 
 1856-59; Bedford, Pa., 1859-64; Perrysville, Pa., 1864-65; St. Matt. 
 Hanover, Pa., 1865-76; Dauphin Co., Pa., 1878-81; Columbia, Pa., 1881- 
 84; m. Susan Voglesong, Mar. 17, 1853; 3 children; d. Sept. 11, 1884. 
 
 1851 
 
 FRY, JACOB, b. Trappe, Pa., Feb. 9, 1834; s. Jacob and Mary (Gross) 
 F.; A.B., Union Col., 1851; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1853; D.D., Union Col., 
 
 405 
 
1852 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1873; L.H.D., Union Col., 1911; LL.D., Muhlenberg Col., 1911; lic. 
 Pa. M., 1853; ord. same, 1854; pastor, Ist., Carlisle, Pa., 1854-65; Trin- 
 ity, Reading, Pa., 1865-96; Ch. of the Ascension, Mt. Airy, Pa., 1896-20; 
 dir. Mt. Airy Sem., 1879-91; prof. Mt. Airy Sem., 1891-20; author, 
 Hist. Trinity Ch., Reading, Pa., 1894; Elementary Homiletics, 1892: 
 The Pastor’s Guide, 1915; m. Eliza J. Wattles, 1855; children, Chas., 
 Frank F., Mary, Kate, Anna, Josephine, Martin, Jenny, Louisa; she d. 
 Apr. 12, 1919; he d. Feb. 19, 1920. 
 
 HERSH, CHARLES H., b. new Oxford, Pa., Jan. 17, 1824; A.B., Gettys- 
 burg Col., 1851; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1853; lic. Pb. Syn., 1853; ord. same, 
 1856; pastor, Salem Cross-Roads, Pa., 1853-56; Dansville, N. Y., 
 1856-58; Canajoharie, N. Y., 1858-59; 2nd., Balto., 1859; m. Mary McC. 
 McClean, June 23, 1854; d. Nov. 22, 1859. 
 
 RUETER, ADELBERT, b. Guetersloh, Prussia; lic. W. Pa. Synod, 1852; 
 ord. Pa. M., 1853; pastor, Orwigsburg, Pa., 1853-56; Middletown, O., 
 1856-59; to Ger. Wis. Syn., 1859; suspended, 1860. 
 
 SHARRETTS, EDWARD AUGUSTUS, b. Johnstown, Pa., Oct. 8, 1822; 
 s. Fred. and Catherine S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1851; D.D., Sus. U.; lic. 
 Pa. M., 1854; ord. same, 1855; pastor, Bloomsburg, Pa., 1854-59; Buck 
 Horn, Pa., 1859-60; near Bloomsburg, Pa., 1860-63; Danville, Pa., 1863- 
 66; Hughesville, Pa., 1866-69; Light Street, Pa., 1869-72; Columbia Co., 
 Pa., 1872-78; Espy, Pa., 1878-86; Fowlersville, Pa., 1886-c01; dir. Sus. 
 U.; m. Sophie A. Strickhouser, 1854; she d. July 22, 1855; m. Charity 
 A. Creveling, Dec. 2, 1856; she d. Sept. 13, 1870; m. Eliza A. Kelch- 
 ner; he d. Dec. 31, 1917. 
 
 WRIGHT, JACOB H., b. Mifflintown, Pa., Jan. 22, 1832; A.B., W. and 
 J. Col., 1851; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1853; lic. Pa. M., 1853; ord. Al. Syn., 
 1856; pastor, Brookville, Pa., 1853-56; Freeport, Pa., 1857-60; Bethel, 
 Pa., 1860-67; Elderton, Pa., 1867-88; Greensburg, Pa., 1888-1900; m. 
 Martha Shellabarger, June 6, 1854; children, Mrs. J. M. St. Clair, Mrs. 
 Joseph Frantz, Howard, John F., E. H., B. A., d. Feb. 28, 1907. 
 
 1852 
 EALY, HENRY FERDINAND, b. Shippensburg, Pa. Mar. 29, 1824; 
 Gbg. Col., 1840-47; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1854; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1854; 
 ord. Ia. Syn., 1856; pastor Iowa City and Lyons, Ia., 1855-62; unmar- 
 ried; d. Apr. 16, 1862. 
 
 HOPPE, CARL FREDERICK WILLIAM, b. Hanover, Ger., Mar. 4, 
 1824; emigrated, 1852; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1854; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1854; 
 
 406 
 
ALUMNI 1853 
 
 ord. same, 1855; pastor, St. Stephen’s, Balto., 1854-61; Orwigsburg, Pa., 
 1861-64; Zion’s, Lancaster, Pa., 1864-74; Zion’s, Rochester, N. Y., 1874- 
 81; m. Margaretha Bruning, July 1, 1855; 10 children; d. Apr. 4, 1881. 
 
 HOXAR, HENRY, f. Muenster, Westphalia, Prussia; lic. Md. Synod, 
 1855; supplied Ger. Ref. Ch., Balto., 1855-56; left ministry and became 
 prof. in Mt. Washn. Female Col., 1856. 
 
 KREGELO, JOHN W., b. Taneytown, Md., Apr. 26, 1827; s. Jacob and 
 Sophia K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1852; Gbg. Sem., 1852-53; lic. Pa. Min., 
 1854; pastor, Leechburg, Pa., 1854; d. Nov. 13, 1854. 
 
 MERBITZ, FREDERICK OSWALD, b. Rossen, Saxony; emigrated 1852; 
 Gbg. Sem., 1852-53; lic. Pa. M., 1853; pastor, Nauvoo, Ill, 1854-58; 
 Peoria, Ill., 1858-62; Farmington, Ill., 1862; d. Dec. 6, 1862. 
 
 SCHMAUK, BENJAMIN WILLIAM, b. Philadelphia, Oct. 26, 1828; s. 
 Benj. and Theresa S.; stud. with Dr. Mann.; A.M., Muhlenberg Col., 
 1878; lic. Pa. M., 1853; ord. same, 1854; pastor, Zion’s, Lancaster, Pa., 
 1853-64; Salem, Lebanon, Pa., 1864-76, 1883-98; St. Michael’s, Allen- 
 town, Pa., 1876-83; dir. Muhlenberg Col.; prof, Muhlenberg Col., 1878- 
 79; m. Wilhelmina Catherine Hingel, June 25, 1857; children, Theo. E., 
 Emma; she d. May 5, 1906; he d. Apr. 4, 1898. 
 
 1853 
 
 BAER, CHARLES ALFRED, b. Lancaster, Pa., 1830; s. John B.; A.B., 
 Yale; Gbg. Sem., 1853-55; lic. Pa. M., 1855; ord. same, 1856; pastor, 
 Passyunk, Pa., 1856-59; Norristown, Pa., 1859-63; d. Sept. 9, 1863. 
 
 BELL, LEWIS JACOB, b. near Leitersburg, Md., Oct. 1, 1828; s. Jacob 
 E. and Ann Maria (Jacobs) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1851; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1855; lic. Pb. Syn., 1855; ord. Al. Syn.,. 1856; pastor, Scalp Level, 
 Pa., 1855-58; Ardntsville, Pa., 1858-60; literary, teaching and hospital 
 work, 1860-68; book and drug business, Smithburg, Md., 1868-c05; tutor, 
 Gbg. Col., 1852-53; m. Charlotte A. Marbourg, Apr. 23, 1857; chil- 
 dren, Jas. A., Sarah K., Max F., Henry J., Emerick C., Julia M., Anna 
 M., Elizabeth W., Chas. K., Charlotte K.; she d. Apr. 25, 1921; he d. 
 Aug. 31, 1907. 
 
 BERGSTRESSER, PETER, b. Selinsgrove, Pa., Apr. 22, 1826; s. Peter and 
 Elizabeth (Ulrich) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1853; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1855; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1855; ord. same, 1856; pastor, Millport, Pa., 1855-57; 
 Orangeville, Pa., 1857-61; Canton, IIl., 1861-63; Knoxville, Ill., 1863-65; 
 
 407 
 
1853 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Three Rivers, Mich., 1865-67; Taneytown, Md., 1867-74; Waynesboro, 
 Pa., 1876-87; Middletown, Md., 1888-93; Rockwood, Pa., 1893-1900; 
 prof. Hart. Sem., 1874-76; m. Martha Jane Fuller, May 20, 1856; author, 
 Baptism and Feet Washing, 1896; d. Apr. 18, 1905, 
 
 BERKEMEYER, FERDINAND, b. Berks Co., Pa., Apr. 10, 1828; s. L. I. 
 A. F. and Judith B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1853; stud. theo. Gbg. Sem., and 
 with A. Lochman; lic. Pa. M., 1854; ord. same, 1855; pastor, Friesburg, 
 N. J., 1855-57; near Allentown, Pa., 1857-59; Sellersville, Pa., 1859-95; 
 m. Kate H. Haberacker, Nov. 20, 1855; she d. May 23, 1895; author, 
 Pastor and People; d. Nov. 15, 1917. 
 
 BRECHT, CARL FERDINAND WILHELM, b. Heidelburg, Baden, Ger., 
 Aug. 30, 1830; s. Justus and Barbara B.; Baden U.; emigrated, 1853; 
 Gbg. Sem., Feb.-Dec., 1854; ord. in Ger.; sometime vicar Schriesheim; 
 asst. St. Matt. N. Y. City, and Allentown, Pa.; pastor, Evans City, 
 Chicora, Pa., and vicinity, 1854-94; united with O. Jt. Syn., 1859; m. 
 Catharine Haas, June 26, 1855; children, Sophia K., Louisa B., Anna 
 M., Minnie C., Carl F. W.; d. Nov. 4, 1894. 
 
 DALGAUER, A., f. Heidelberg, Baden, Ger.; no details known. 
 
 DEININGER, RUDOLPH W., b. Vaihugen, Wurtemberg, Ger., Nov. 11, 
 1830; s. William D.; grad. Stuttgart Gym., 1847; U. Tubingen, 1847-48; 
 emigrated, 1852; Gbg. Col., 1852-53; Gbg. Sem., 1853-54; d. Mar. 
 17, 1854. 
 
 DOMER, SAMUEL, b. Sabbath Rest, Pa., Jan. 22, 1826; s. John and Cath- 
 erine D.; A.B., Wittenberg Col., 1853; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1855; D.D., 
 Roanoke Col., 1876; lic. Pb. Syn., 1855; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1856; pastor, 
 Selinsgrove, Pa., 1855-66; St. Matt., Reading, Pa., 1869-72; Trinity, 
 Shamokin, Pa., 1872-74; St. Paul’s, Washn., 1874-1900; principal, Sus. 
 Female Col., 1865-69; m. Lydia Louisa Davis, Jan. 28, 1858; children, 
 Delia I., Eulalie, Chas. S.. Wm., Harry, Blair; d. June 2, 1901. 
 
 FORTHMAN, JOHN, b. Neuhaus, Sachsen Meiningen, Ger., Oct. 2, 1816; 
 s. John C. and Margaret (Wicklein) F.; emigrated, c1835; Gbg. Col., 
 1850-53; Gbg. Sem., 1853-54; lic. Md. Syn., 1854; ord. same, 1856; 
 pastor, Crab Orchard, W. Va., 1855-60; Cassville, Pa., 1860-63; Cook- 
 port, Pa., 1863-65; Shade Gap., Pa., 1865-68; Gilpin, Pa., 1868-69; in 
 business, Carlisle, Pa., 1869-85; m. Sarah Elizabeth Grahames, Sept. 6, 
 1838; 4 children; she d. Sept. 23, 1872; he d. July 11, 1885. 
 
 408 
 
ALUMNI 1853 
 
 HASSLER, JOHN WALDSCHMIDT, b. near Jackson Hall, Pa. Sept. 25, 
 1826; s. John and Keturah H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1852; D.D.,, Muhlen- 
 berg Col., 1901; lic. Pa. M., 1854; ord. same, 1855; pastor, Rhinebeck, 
 N. Y., 1854-55; Center Square, Pa., 1855-62; New Holland, Pa., 1865- 
 91; Emmanuel’s, Lancaster, Pa., 1891-93; Ch. of the Advent, Lancaster, 
 Pa., 1893-01; chaplain, 2nd. Pa. Artillery, 1862-63; m. Abbie Bilyeu, 
 June 7, 1859; 5 children, 2 surviving, A. B., Mary; author, Hist. New 
 Holland Luth. Ch., 1880; d. Dec. 26, 1905. 
 
 HILL, REUBEN, b. Hughesville, Pa., July 22, 1826; s. John and Catherine 
 H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1852; D.D., Muhlenberg Col., 1892; lic. E. Pa. 
 Syn., 1854; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1855; pastor, St. Jas., Gbg., Pa., 1855-59; 
 Hagerstown, Md., 1859-60; Ist., Pb., Pa., 1860-66; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 
 1866-69; Rochester, N. Y., 1869-74; Allentown, Pa., 1874-85; tutor, 
 Roanoke Col., 1852-53; asst. prof., Muhlenberg Col., 1876-80; trustee, 
 Muhlenberg Col., 1875-85, and treas., 1883-85; agt. Mt. Airy Sem., 1885- 
 95; m. Rose F. Schaeffer, June 2, 1857; d. Mar. 3, 1895. 
 
 KEMP, THOMAS WILLIAM, b. Frederick Co., Md., Dec. 2, 1833; s. Col. 
 Lewis and Rebecca K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1853; lic. Md. Syn., 1855; ord. 
 same, 1856; assoc. St. Mark’s, Phila., 1855-56; pastor, Chicago, IIl., 
 1856-57; unmarried; d. Sept. 14, 1861. 
 
 SCHIERENBECK, JOHN HENRY CONRAD, f. Hanover, Ger.; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1855; lic. Pa. M., 1855; ord. same, 1856; pastor, Buchanan, 
 Pa., 1855-c58; New Castle, Pa., 1862-67; at Marietta, O., 1858-62; at 
 Chicago, IIl., 1868-70; at Greenville, O., 1870-c72; prof., Newberry 
 Col., c1872-75 ; suspended by Pb. C. Syn., 1871; entered S. C. Syn., 1872, 
 and sus. by same, 1875. 
 
 SUESSEROTT, BENJAMIN CHRISTIAN, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Apr. 28, 
 1833; s. Christian L. and Eleanor C. S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1853; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1855; lic. Md. Syn., 1855; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1856; pastor, 
 Whitemarsh, Pa., 1856-57; St. John’s, Lancaster, Pa., 1870-76; prof., 
 Ill. State U., 1857-63; prin., Female Sem., Springfield, Ill., 1859-70; m. 
 Maria Josephine Schmucker, Dec. 24, 1856; d. Jan. 24, 1876. 
 
 SCHWARTZ, JOHN, f. Adams Co., Pa.; A.B., Gettysburg Col., 1853; 
 not lic.; engaged in teaching in Adams and Berks Cos., Pa. 
 
 SWOPE, DAVID, b. Gettysburg, Pa., Dec. 25, 1824; s. Adam and Lydia 
 S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1851; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1855; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1855; 
 ord. Al. Syn., 1856; pastor, Whitemarsh, Pa., 1855-56; Johnstown, Pa, 
 
 409 
 
1854 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1856-59; Dansville, N. Y., 1859-64; Middleburg, N. Y., 1865-69; Know- 
 ersville, N. Y., 1869-75; Clearspring, Md., 1875-77; Dickinson, Pa., 
 1877-81; m. Clara J. Gilbert, Nov. 5, 1856; d. Nov. 21, 1881. 
 
 TITUS, TIMOTHY TILGHMAN, b. Loudon Co., Va., Mar. 14, 1829; s. 
 Itum and Catherine T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1853; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1855; 
 lic. W. Pa., 1855; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1856; pastor, Stoughstown, Pa., 
 1855-56; Ardmore, Pa., 1856-61; Milton, Pa., 1861-63; Springfield, O., 
 1863-67; St. John’s, Hagerstown, Md., 1867-69; Trinity, Hagerstown, 
 Md., 1869-71; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1853-54; prof., Hartwick Sem., 1871-73; 
 m. Rachael M. Witherow, July 17, 1855; she d. Jan. 8, 1897; co-ed., 
 Luth. Home Journal; author, Hist. St. Paul’s, Lower Merion, Pa., 1860; 
 d. Feb. 15, 1873. 
 
 ULERY, WILLIAM FREDERICK, b. Westphalia, Ger., Jan. 16, 1829; s. 
 Fred. and Maria U.; emigrated, 1833; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1853; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1855; lic. Pb. Syn., 1855; ord. same, 1857; pastor, Greensburg, 
 Pa., 1855-63, 1877-84; Greenville, Pa., 1863-71; miss. for Pb. C. Syn., 
 1884-89; Smithton, Pa., 1899-03; prof., Thiel Col., 1871-74; prin., sch., 
 Mayville, N. Y., 1874-76; at Greensburg, Pa., 1889-99; trustee, Thiel 
 Col.; m. Annetta Luyties, June 22, 1859; 3 children; author, Hist. So. 
 Cont Pb Cp syn, 100g. Dee 27-1 as, 
 
 WATERS, ASA HARRIS, b. Pine Grove, Pa., Mar. 4, 1824; s. Owen and 
 Juliet W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1853; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1855; lic. Pb. Syn., 
 1855; ord. same, 1857; pastor, Butler Co., Pa., 1855-56; Melrose, Fla., 
 c1893-03; prin., Witherspoon Inst., 1859, Butler, Pa., Aicad., 1860-61, 
 Soldiers’ Orphan Sch., Uniontown, Pa., 1866-90; supt., Butler Co., Pa., 
 schs., 1863-66; Christian and Sanitary Com. work, 1863; m. H. Cath- 
 erine Steck, Oct. 16, 1855; 5 children; d. May 24, 1903. 
 
 1854 
 
 BECKLEY, GEORGE HENRY, b. St. Clair, Pa., May 22, 1829; s. Henry 
 and Sarah (Barnette) B.; Gbg. Col., 1850-54; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1856; 
 lic. Al. Syn., 1856; ord. Mel. Syn., 1858; pastor,, Woodsboro, Md., 
 1857-65; Shippensburg, Pa., 1865-68; Boonsboro, Md., 1868-82; Mad- 
 ison C. H., Va., 1882-85; Reisterstown, Md., 1885-05; m. Anna Mar- 
 garet Claar, June, 1856; children, Edwin L., Geo. H., Wm.; she d. 
 June, 1912; he d. June 1, 1905. 
 
 BELFOUR, EDMUND, b. Copenhagen, Denmark, Aug. 9, 1833; s. George 
 A. and Sine B.; emigrated, 1841; A.B., Col. of the City of N. Y., 1854; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1856; D.D., Thiel Col., 1886; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1856; 
 ord. Hart. Syn., 1857; pastor, Schoharie, N. Y., 1857-68; St. John’s, 
 
 410 
 
ALUMNI 1854 
 
 Easton, Pa., 1868-74; Chicago, Ill., 1874-80; 1st., Pgh., Pa., 1880-92; 
 Memorial, Pgh., Pa., 1893-19; pres. bd. Old People’s Home, Zelienople, 
 Pa.; trustee, Thiel Col.; tr. Pontoppidan’s Exp. of Luther’s Catechism, 
 1879; m. Phoebe A. Blackledge, Mar. 19, 1857; she d. Nov. 10, 1904; 
 he d. July 3, 1923. 
 
 COPENHAVER, AMOS, b. Wythe Co., Va., Aug. 31, 1825; s. John and 
 Rebecca C.; Roanoke Col.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1854; Gbg. Sem., 1854-55; 
 lic. S. W. Va. Syn., 1855; ord. Va. Syn., 1857; pastor, Smithfield, Va., 
 1856-59; Boonsboro, Md., 1859-67; McAlisterville, Pa., 1867-82; at Oil 
 City, Pa., 1882-85; at York, Pa., 1885-91; at Abilene, Kas., 1891-05; 
 at Pgh., Pa., 1905-14; m. Augusta C. Herbst, Nov. 27, 1855; she d. 
 Dec. 11, 1914; children, Wm., John, Mrs. A. J. Bean; he d. Oct. 6, 1914. 
 
 FLETCHER, R. H., b. McConnellsburg, Pa., Feb. 24, 1827; stud. theo. 
 with Rev. Mr. Richards; Gbg. Sem. few wks.; lic. Al. Syn., 1855; ord. 
 same, 1857; pastor, Huntingdon, Pa., 1855-58; Pine Grove, Pa., 1858-61; 
 Mifflin, Pa., 1861-67; Lock Haven, Pa., 1867-70; m. Elizabeth Mengel, 
 Feb. 24, 1848; 12 children; d. Jan. 18, 1890. 
 
 GRAHN, HUGO, b. Neu-Haldensleben, Prussia, Oct. 6, 1828; s. Chris- 
 tian and Charlotte (Lorleberg) G.; emigrated, 1852; grad. Madgeburg 
 Gym.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1856; D.D., Muhlenberg Col.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 
 1856; ord. Pa. M., 1857; pastor, Roxboro, Pa., 1857-58; Bernville, Pa., 
 1858-66; Emmanuel’s, Phila., 1866-95, and emeritus, 1895-12; dir. Gbg. 
 Sem.; dir. Mt. Airy Sem., 1879-03; trustee, Mary J. Drexel Home; 
 member many bds. and coms.; business mgr. Missionsbote, Foreign 
 Miss., Siloah; m. Louisa Gillespie, May 7, 1857; she d. Mar. 19, 1858; 
 m. Mary C. Kurtz, May 1, 1860; 3 children; he d. Apr. 17, 1912, 
 
 HIPPE, LEWIS, b. Canton, O., Apr. 4, 1826; s. George and Anna H.; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1854; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1856; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1856; 
 ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1857; pastor, Whitemarsh, Pa., 1857-59; Canajo- 
 harie, N. Y., 1859-66; Prospect, Pa., 1866-73; N. Williamsburg, Ont., 
 1873-79; Canton, O., 1879; Ottawa, Kas., 1880; m. Louisa McClellan, 
 Oct. 28, 1857; he d. Oct. 21, 1901. 
 
 LONG, ADAM, b. Clarion Co., Pa., Dec. 14, 1825; A.B., Gettysburg Col., 
 1854; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1856; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1856; ord. Al. Syn., 1857; 
 miss. ta India, 1857-66; m. Mary Deitterich, Nov. 12, 1857; 4 children; 
 d. Mar. 5, 1866. 
 
 SEIFERT, HENRY, b. York Co., Pa., Aug. 21, 1822; Gettysburg Col., 
 1850-54; lic. Al. Syn., 1855; ord. same, 1859; pastor, Martinsburg, Pa., 
 
 411 
 
1855 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1855-60; Bossardsville, Pa., 1860-69; Rossville, Pa., 1869-71; Rehrers- 
 burg, Pa., 1871-73; Jennersville, Pa., 1873-76; Franklintown, Pa., 1876- 
 c93; m. Harriet Meisenhelder, Dec. 25, 1843; 7 children; she d. July 
 26, 1893; he d. Aug. 26, 1905. 
 
 WAMPOLE, JACOB FREDERICK, b. Spring City, Pa., June 6, 1833; s. 
 Jacob and Susanna (Fisher) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1854; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1865; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1856; ord. same, 1857; pastor, Shamokin, 
 Pa., 1857-68, 1890-06; Turbotville, Pa., 1868-77; Freeburg, Pa., 1877-90; 
 dir. Mt. Airy Sem., 1879-86; trustee, Muhlenberg Col.; prin., Elysburg 
 Acad., 1860-66; m. Margaret Krick, Nov. 13, 1862; d. July 29, 1906. 
 
 ZIMMERMAN, JOSIAH, b. nr. Greensburg, Pa., Dec. 16, 1828; s. Jona- 
 than and Magdalene Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1854; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1856; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1856; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1858; pastor, Millerstown, Pa., 
 1856-59; Little Cove, Pa., 1859-61; St. Clairsville, Pa., 1861-64; New 
 Centerville, Pa., 1864-69; Elvira, Ia., 1869-71; Dakota City, Neb., 1871- 
 76; supt., Pub. Schs., Dakota City, Neb., 1876-80; agt. Am. Tract Soc. 
 f. 1877; m. Martha E. Hall, Oct. 26, 1856; 5 children; d. Oct. 16, 1908. 
 
 1855 
 
 PROBST, GEORGE CHRISTIAN, b. Hilbertshausen, Hanover, Ger., Oct. 
 1, 1829; s. Fred. P.; emigrated, 1832; Gbg. Col. 1848-53; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1857; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1857; ord. Al. Syn., 1859; pastor, Everett, 
 Pa., and vicinity, 1857-99; m. Camilla Elizabeth McDaniel, Dec. 15, 
 1857; she d. Mar. 29, 1907; he d. Oct. 29, 1912. 
 
 SCHANTZ, FRANKLIN J. FOGEL, b. Schantz’s Mill, Pa. Jan. 8, 1836; 
 s. Jacob and Sarah (Fogel) S.; A.B., F. & M. Col., 1855; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1857; D.D., Augustana Col., 1894; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1857; ord. 
 Pa. M., 1858; pastor, Trinity, Reading, Pa., 1857-61; Catasauqua, Pa., 
 1861-66; Myerstown, Pa., 1867-07; agt. Mt. Airy Sem., 1865-66; trustee 
 Germantown Orphans’ Home and Muhlenberg Col.; pres. Pa. M., 
 1901-03; one of founders Pa. Ger. Soc. and pres., 1899-1900; author of 
 numerous historical articles; m. Cordelia S. Saeger, Apr. 29, 1858; chil- 
 dren, Henry F., Mrs. J. P. Spangler, Mrs. W. S. Haak; she d. June, 
 1889; he d. Jan. 19, 1907. 
 
 SCHRECKHEIS, JAMES MONROE, b. nr. Mt. Sidney, Va., June 9, 1831; 
 s. Geo. and Jane (Keiser) S.; Roanoke Col.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1854; lic. 
 Va. Syn., 1856; ord. same, 1858; pastor, Churchville, Va., 1856-58; 
 Rockbridge Co., Va., 1858-60, 1865-15; prof., Newberry Col., 1860-65; 
 m. Amanda R. Sieg, Dec. 28, 1863; she d. Nov. 9, 1905; he d. Sept. 
 30, 1916. 
 
 412 
 
ALUMNI 1856 
 
 UNANGST, ERIAS, b. Easton, Pa., Aug. 8, 1824; s. Jacob and Eleanora 
 U.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1854; lic. Al. Syn., 1856; ord. same, 1857; D.D., 
 Wittenberg Col., 1878; miss. to India, 1857-95; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1854- 
 56; tr. parts of Bible, hymns, etc., into Telegu; author, Hist. Sketch of 
 India Missions, 1879; m. Phoebe Ann Milliken, Sept. 24, 1857; chil- 
 dren, Eleanora, Elizabeth, Joseph, Emily, Phoebe, Wm., Luther, David 
 M.; she d. Feb. 16, 1888; he d. Oct. 12, 1903. 
 
 1856 
 
 BARCLAY, JOSEPH H., b. Baltimore, Apr. 1, 1833; s. Hugh and Eliza- 
 beth B.; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1866; lic. Md. Syn., 1857; ord. same, 1858; 
 pastor, Williamsport, Md., 1858-59; Stewartsville, N. J., 1859-63; Red 
 Hook, N. Y., 1863-65; Easton, Pa., 1865-72; Ist. Balto., 1872-81; Main 
 St., Dayton, O., 1881-86; m. Martha Jenison, Apr. 27, 1856; 5 children; 
 she d. Sept. 17, 1877; m. Louisa B. Super, Jan. 9, 1879; 2 children; he 
 d. Oct. 14, 1887. 
 
 DOSH, THOMAS WILLIAM LUTHER, b. Strasburg, Va., Nov. 21, 1830; 
 s. Wm. and Ann W. D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1858; 
 D.D., Roanoke Col., 1875; lic. Va. Syn., 1858; ord. same, 1859; pastor, 
 Wheeling, W. Va., 1859-61; Winchester, Va., 1862-72; St. John’s, 
 Charleston, S. C., 1872-76; Salisbury, N. C., 1876-77; Burkittsville, 
 Md., 1886-89; pres., Roanoke Col., 1877-78; prof., Salem, Va., Sem., 
 1878-84; ed. Luth. Visitor, 1874-78; ed. Luth. Home, 1884-86; m. Kate 
 Baker Brown, Nov., 3, 1864; 5 children; d. Dec. 24, 1889. 
 
 FINFROCK, AARON, b. Frederick Co., Md., Aug. 1, 1825; s. Peter F. 
 and wife (nee Meckley) ; Gbg. Col., 1848-54, 1855-56; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1858; lic. Md. Syn., 1858; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1859; pastor, Dillsburg, 
 Pa., 1858-64; Berks Co., Pa., 1864-65; Womelsdorf, Pa., 1865-91; un- 
 married; d. Oct. 29, 1902. 
 
 FIREY, SAMUEL MILLER, b. nr. Clearspring, Md., Dec. 8, 1835; s. 
 Henry and Martha F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; left Gbg. Sem. to study 
 law at Poughkeepsie, N. Y.; admitted to Md. bar, 1860; farmed or 
 practiced law in Md., Kas., and Mo., 1860-77; lic. Md. Syn., 1877; ord. 
 same, 1878; pastor, Clearspring, Md., 1877-84; m. Martha V. Beall, 
 1863, 12 children; d. Nov. 15, 1906. 
 
 KAMP, JOHN A., b. Germany, Mar. 17, 1829; Gettysburg Col., 1850-53; 
 d. in Sem. dorm, Sept. 1, 1857. 
 
 KUHNS, HENRY WELTY, b. Greensburg, Pa., Aug. 23, 1829; s. John and 
 Susan K.; A.B.,:Gbg. Col., 1856; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1858; D.D., New- 
 413 
 
1857 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 berry Col., 1883; lic. Pb. Syn., 1858; ord. Al. Syn., 1859; pastor, Omaha, 
 Neb., 1858-71; Newberry, S. C., 1872-78; Westminster, Md., 1878-87; 
 one of founders Neb. Deaf and Dumb Inst.; dir. Newberry Col.; mem- 
 ber bd. Home Miss. G. S., 1883-88, and bd. ed. G. S., 1889-99; m. Char- 
 lotte G. Hay, Oct. 18, 1860; children, Luther M., Harry H., Philip F., 
 Paul W., John H.; she d. Sept. 24, 1898; he d. Sept. 19, 1899. 
 
 LONG, GEORGE A., b. Stephensburg, Va., July 17, 1830; s. Joseph and 
 Elizabeth L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1858; lic. Va. 
 Syn., 1858; or. same, 1860; teaching, Staunton, Va., 1858-60; chaplain 
 and prof. Deaf, Dumb and Blind Inst., Staunton, Va., 1860-64; at 
 Stephensburg, Va., 1864-67; pastor, Stephensburg, Va., 1867-71; Middle- 
 way, W. Va., 1872-83; Mt. Sidney, Va., 1883-85; united with Presby. 
 Ch., 1886; supplied Mt. Sidney, Va., 1887, and Natural Bridge, Va., 
 1888-05; pres., Lexington Inst., 1888; at Richmond, Va., f. 1905; m. 
 Mary M. Gordon, July 17, 1866; d. 1908 or ’09. 
 
 MUCKLE, JOHN LEONARD, b. Neustadt, Bavaria, Oct. 13, 1835; united 
 with Mo. Syn.; pastor reserve, N. Y., 1861-66 Staunton, IIl., 1866-70; 
 d. Nov. 27, 1870. 
 
 SELL, EDWARD HERMAN MILLER, b. near Allentown, Pa., Aug. 16, 
 1832; s. Samuel and Mary (Miller) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1858; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1858; ord. Pa. M., 1859; pastor, 
 Fogelsville, Pa., 1859-61; Richlandtown, Pa., 1861-64; deposed by Pa. 
 M., 1864; stud. med. with John Floto, M. D.; stud. Bellevue Hosp. Med. 
 Col., 1866; stud. med. several years in Europe; grad. Master of Obstet- 
 rics, U. of Vienna, 1872; organized lst. practical gynecol. operative 
 course of the world at U. of Vienna, 1871; discovered cure of morphine 
 habit. Made 5 foreign tours. One of 7 organizers Am. Acad. Med- 
 icine, 1876. Fellow or member of numerous organizations. Del. Int. 
 Med. Congresses, 1890, 94, British Med. Assn., 1870, 73, 76; author of 
 numerous medical articles; ed. Physician and Pharmacist, 1869-80; m. 
 Anna J. Lloyd, Jan. 17, 1894; children, Edward L., Chas. S.; d. June 
 7, 1920. 
 
 1857 
 
 AUGHEY, SAMUEL, b. Juniata Co., Pa. Feb. 8, 1831; s. Samuel and 
 Elizabeth A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; Ph.D., U. of O., 1874; Wit. Col., 
 1875, Gbg. Col., 1876; LL.D., Wit. Col., 1878; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1858; 
 ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1859; pastor, Lionville, Pa., 1858-62; Blairsville, Pa., 
 1862-63; Duncannon, Pa., 1863-65; Dakota City, Neb., 1865-67; prof. 
 U. of Neb., 1871-83; territorial geologist of Wyo., 1883-86; tutor Gbeg. 
 Col., 1856-57; engaged in scientific work, 1867-71, 1886-12; m. Elizabeth 
 
 414 
 
ALUMNI 1857 
 
 C. Welty, Oct. 14, 1858; children, Helen B., Annie A., Welty; she d. 
 Apr. 23, 1920; author of numerous scientific treatises; member numerous 
 organizations; d. Feb. 3, 1912. 
 
 BIKLE, LOUIS ALFRED, b. Thurmont, Md., Nov. 6, 1834; s. Christian 
 
 and Barbara (Fichte) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; Gbg. Sem., 1857-58; 
 D.D., F. & M., 1874; prof. N. C. Col., 1858-61; chaplain, 20th. N. C. 
 Ret., 1863-65; pres., N. C. Col., 1866-75, 1880-84; pastor, St. Jas., Con- 
 cord, N. C., 1875-80; St. Matt., Kings Mt, N. C., 1884-1904; prof., 
 Gaston Female Col., 6 yrs.; prin., Kings Mt. H. S., 5 yrs.; rt., 1904; 
 m. Sarah A. Chritzman, Dec. 27, 1859; res., Concord, N. C. 
 
 BLACKWELDER, DANIEL M., b. nr. Concord, N. C., Nov. 30, 1830; 
 
 A.B., Roanoke Col., 1857; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1859; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1859; 
 ord. S. C. Syn., 1860; pastor, Pomaria, S. C., 1859-65; New Chester, 
 Pa., 1865-67; York Springs, Pa., 1867-70; Mifflintown, Pa., 1870-76; 
 Upper Strasburg, Pa., 1876-77; Arndtsville, Pa., 1877-88; St. Clairsville, 
 Pa., 1888-95; Saxton, Pa., 1895-97; m. Jane C. McCleary, Mar. 24, 1860; 
 children, Anna, Mrs. A. E. Petriken, E. T., C. S., L. D.; d. Oct. 16, 
 1900. 
 
 FLECK, HENRY RAMEY, b. Sinking Valley, Pa. Feb. 26, 1834; s. 
 
 Henry and Catherine (Ramey) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; Gbg. Sem., 
 1857-58; lic. Al. Syn., 1858; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1859; pastor, Luzerne Co.. 
 Pa., 1859-61; Lewistown, Pa., 1861-65; New Kingston, Pa., 1865-71, 
 1881-89; Newville, Pa., 1871-72; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1872-75; Stone 
 Church, Pa., 1875-81; Huntingdon, Pa., 1900-08; m. Mary Elizabeth 
 Durst, Aug. 20, 1861; she d. June 14, 1873; m. Annie Mary French, 
 Oct. 21, 1875; he d. Nov. 15, 1908. 
 
 FRIDAY, JACOB, b. Chester Springs, Pa., Mar. 26, 1832; Gettysburg Col., 
 
 1853-57; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1859; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. same, 1861; 
 taught sch., 1859-61; d. Dec. 2, 1861. 
 
 FRITZE, CHARLES A., b. Giersdorf, Prussia; U. of Berlin; emigrated 
 
 1856; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1858; ord. same, 1859; pastor, Carlisle, Pa., 
 1858-60; Egg Harbor, N. J., 1860-62; St. John’s, Dayton, O., 1862-c77; 
 Wilkinsburg, Pa., cl877-c88; Hastings, Neb., 1888-01; wife d. 1890; 5 
 children; he d. May 25, 1901. 
 
 GILBERT, DAVID McCONAUGBHY, b. Gettysburg, Feb. 4, 1836; s. David 
 
 and Jane E. (Brown) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1859; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1880; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. Va. Syn., 
 1860; pastor, Staunton, Va., 1859-63, 1871-73; Savannah, Ga., 1863-71; 
 
 415 
 
1857 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Winchester, Va., 1873-87; Zion’s, Harrisburg, Pa., 1887-05; Ist. pres., 
 United Syn. South, 1886-87; member bd. foreign missions G. S., 1889-05; 
 author, Luth. Ch. in Va., 1776-86; m. Mary Rutledge Falligant, Oct. 
 29, 1866; children, John G., Wm. K., David McC., Marion, Henry D., 
 Katherine, Jane; d. Oct. 16, 1905. 
 
 GOTWALD, LUTHER ALEXANDER, b. York Springs, Pa, Jan. 31, 
 1833; s. Daniel and Susan (Krone) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1859; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1874; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. 
 same, 1860; pastor, Shippensburg, Pa., 1859-63; Lebanon, Pa., 1863-65; 
 Dayton, O., 1865-68; Chambersburg, Pa., 1869-74; St. Paul’s, York, Pa., 
 1874-85; 2nd. Springfield, O., 1885-88; prof., Wit. Sem., 1888-95, and 
 emeritus, 1895-1900; dir. Wit. Col., 1865-69; trustee Gbg. Col., 1873-85; 
 dir. Gbg. Sem., 1871-80; member bd. ch. ext. G. S., 1874-85, bd. home 
 miss. G. S., 1874-85; author, Bio. of Lucas Rauss, 1878; Confessional- 
 ism in the G. S., 1893: Sermons for Festival Days, 1895; Joy in the 
 Divine Govt. and other Sermons, 1901; m. Mary E. King, Oct. 13, 1859; 
 children, Luther A., Wm. W., Geo. D., D. King, Fred G., Robt. C., Al- 
 mena, Mary, 1 d. infancy; she d. Nov. 13, 1919; he d. Sept. 15, 1900. 
 
 HOEHN, HENRY, b. Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, Ger.; grad. Gettysburg Sem., 
 1859; lic. Pb. Syn., 1859; ord. same, 1861; miss. in West Canada, 1859- 
 61; pastor, East Liberty, Pa., 1861-62; left ministry, 1862, and became 
 bookseller in Phila. 
 
 HOFFA, CYRUS SAMUEL, f. Myerstown, Pa.; A.B., Gettysburg Col., 
 1857; lic. 1862; ord. Pa. M., 1863; no pastorate; entered U. S. Army 
 and killed, 1865. 
 
 HUGHES, JOSEPH MONG, f. Smithsburg, Md., A.B., Gettysburg Col., 
 1857; not lic.; at Smithburg, Md., until 1865; taught sch. at Green- 
 castle, Pa., and boys’ sch. at Xenia, O.; supt. schs. New Castle, Ind., 
 Dublin, Ind., Hagerstown, Ind., Connersville, Ind.; m. a Miss Burke of 
 Greencastle, Pa.; m. 2nd., India Scott, 1871; he d. 1891. 
 
 KRAMLICH, BENJAMIN ELIAS, b. Weisenberg, Pa., Oct. 7, 1831; s. 
 Christian and Catherine (Kocher) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; lic. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1858; ord. Pa. M., 1859; pastor, nr. Kutztown, Pa., 1858-00; 
 one of founders and pres. bd. trustees, Kutztown State Normal Sch., 
 1877-00; m. Sophia Bieber, May 12, 1863; children, W. W., John F., 
 Geo. E., Ella E., Charlotte B.; d. Jan. 1, 1900. 
 
 KUNTZ, DAVID, b. Lehigh Co., Pa. Dec. 7, 1832; s. Jacob and Rachael 
 K.; Allentown Sem., 1850-56; stud. theo. with Jer. Schindel and Gbg. 
 
 416 
 
ALUMNI 1858 
 
 Sem.; ord. Pa. M., 1858; pastor, Cherryville, Pa., 1858-69; Nazareth, 
 Pa., 1869-05; m. Eliza Mickley; children, Mrs. Jacob S. Myers, Mrs. C. 
 N. Brobst, Elizabeth, Jacob D. M.; d. Dec. 15, 1918. 
 
 MILLER, JOHN I., b. Rockingham Co., Va., June 2, 1830; s. Joseph and 
 Elizabeth (Link) M.; Roanoke Col.; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1886; lic. 
 Mel. Syn., 1858; ord. same, 1859; pastor, Clearspring, Md., 1858-60; 
 Shepherdstown, Va., 1860-65; Staunton, Va., 1865-70; supplied Luray, 
 Va., several yrs.; founder and ed, Luth. Visitor, 1867-70; prin. Staunton 
 Female Sem., 1870-82; pres., Luray, Va., Female Sem., f. 1882; m. Lida 
 Hulls, Oct. 2, 1860; she d. c1909; surviving s., C. Armand; he d, Feb. 
 26, 1912. 
 
 SCHNURRER, OTTO KARL WILHELM, b. Stuttgart, Ger., Dec. 25, 
 1831; s. Christian K. and Karolina (Hoffman) S.; Stuttgart Gym, 
 1843-47; employed by various chemical firms, 1847-56; emigrated, 1856; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1859; ord. Pa. M., 1859; pastor, Middle Village, L. L., 
 1859-63; in Ger., 1860-61; recd. into R. C. Ch., 1863; deposed by Pa. M.., 
 1864; prof., Cath. H. S., Pgh., Pa., 1864-65; prof., St. Vincent’s Col., 
 Wheeling, W. Va., 1865-73; prof., Notre Dame, Ind., 1873-79; druggist, 
 Hanover, Kas., 1880-83; druggist, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1883-87; ed. Ohio 
 W atsenfreund, 1887-05; m. Bertha Loeser, Apr., 1861; children, Paul, 
 Peter, Anna, Elizabeth, Martha, Otto; she d., 1889; he d. Jan. 6, 1905. 
 
 SNYDER, JOSEPH A., b. near Staunton, Va., Dec. 25, 1827; A.B., Roanoke 
 Col., 1856; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1859; lic. Va. Syn., 1858; ord. same, 
 1859; pastor, Brandonville, W. Va., 1859-60; Woodstock, Va., 1860-66; 
 New Market, Va., 1866-07; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1897; m. Ist. a Miss 
 Hiller; s., A. H.; m. 2nd., Virginia Allen; 2 children; m. 3rd., Georgia 
 Warfield; children, Mrs. Ralph Thomas, Mrs. W. H. Overcarsh, Geo. 
 W.; he d. May 22, 1917. 
 
 WOLF, MICHAEL, b. Baden, Ger., Dec. 20, 1831; emigrated 1851; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1859; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. Md. Syn., 1860; pastor, 
 Frostburg, Md., 1860-61; Chambersburg, Pa., 1861-64; Altoona, Pa., 
 1864-75; Schenectady, N. Y., 1875-77; d. Mar. 5, 1899. 
 
 1858 
 
 BERLIN, SOLOMON JESSE, b. nr. Greensburg, Pa., May 29, 1831; A.B., 
 Gbg. Col., 1858; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; lic. Pb. Syn., 1860; ord. Al. 
 Syn., 1861; pastor, Williamsburg, Pa., 1861-62; Duncansville, Pa., 
 1862-65; Williamsport, Md., 1865-67; Tremont, Pa., 1867-68; tutor, 
 Gbg. Col., 1859; principal, Bedford, Pa., Acad., 1865; m. Martha E. 
 J. Robinson, Jan. 1, 1861; she d. Jan. 21, 1870; he d. Feb. 8, 1868. 
 
 417 
 
1858 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 DARMSTAETTER, JOHN ADAM, b. Lichtenberg, Hesse Darmstadt, Ger., 
 July 28, 1831; emigrated, 1848; Gbg. Sem., 1858-59; ord. Pa. Min., 1859; 
 pastor, Salem, Columbia, Pa.; Zion, Marietta, Pa.; St. Paul’s, Columbia, 
 Pa., 1868-99; author, Schlarafhade: Ref. Geschichte: Luther’s Life in 
 Verse; m. Mary Anna Leitenberger; d. Dec. 20, 1899. 
 
 EARLY, JOHN WILLIAM, b. near Palmyra, Pa., Sept. 3, 1835; s. William 
 and Leah (Dutweiler) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1860; ord. Pa. M., 1860; pastor, Leacock, Pa., 1860-66; Elizabethtown, 
 Pa., 1866-68; Selinsgrove, Pa., 1868-70; Stone Valley, Pa., 1870-75; 
 Danville, Pa., 1875-83; Trevorton, Pa., 1883-87; Millersville, Pa., 1887- 
 89; Jersey Shore, Pa., 1889-93; trustee, Muhlenberg Col., 1877-86; dir. 
 Mt. Airy Sem., 1886-89; author, Luth. Ministers of Berks Co., Pa., 
 1902: Sketches of Berks Co., Pa., Congs., Reading Times, 1907; m. Jane 
 M. Eggers, Jan. 8, 1861; d. Jan. 15, 1918. 
 
 EARNEST, JOHN ADAM, b. Hummelstown, Pa., Nov. 5, 1832; s. Obed 
 and Margaret (Cobaugh) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; D.D., same, 1888; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. Pb. Syn., 1862; pastor, Kittanning, Pa., 
 1859-69; Westminster, Md., 1870-78; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1878-85; Mif- 
 flinburg, Pa., 1885-97; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1857-58; prof., West. Md. Col., 
 1876-77 ; dir., Gbg. Sem.; m. Julia G. McCreary, Oct. 6, 1859; children, 
 Mrs. R. W. Barber, J. Paul, Frank McC., Mrs. Harry M. Wolf, 
 Mrs. A. D. Chiquoine, Chas. W.; she d. Jan. 15, 1895; m. Mrs. Maria 
 Louisa (Shindel) Cronmiller, Sept. 8, 1896; she d. Apr. 29, 1909; he d. 
 Feb. 21, 1904. 
 
 HOLMAN, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Oct. 6, 1831; s. 
 Samuel and Sarah H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1855; druggist, Harrisburg, Pa., 
 1855-57; stud. theo. with C. A. Hay and Gbg. Sem.; D.D., Gbg. Col., 
 1884; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. same, 1860; pastor, Pottsville, Pa., 1859- 
 61; Altoona, Pa., 1863-67; Grace, Phila., 1868-73; Calvary, Phila., 1874- 
 97; chaplain 48th. Rgt. Pa. V., 1861-63; founder of Holman lectureship, 
 Gbg. Sem., 1865; member bd. pub. G. S.; dir. Luth. Obs. Assn.; m. 
 Frances Hazen, Mar. 17, 1863; she d. July 11, 1900; he d. Jan. 31, 1907. 
 
 HOLLAND, GEORGE W., b. Churchville, Va., July 16, 1838; A.B., Roa- 
 noke Col., 1857; Gbg. and Union Sems.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; Ph.D., 
 Roanoke Col., 1883; D.D., U. of S. C., 1888; lic. Va. Syn., 1860; ord. 
 same, 1864; pastor, Rockingham, Va., 1860-61, 1867-73; Pomaria, S. C., 
 1873-74; tutor, Roanoke Col., 1857-58; pvt. and chaplain 33rd. Ret. Va. 
 V., 1861, until lost left arm; asst. prof., Salem, Va., Sem., 1862-67; 
 prin. prep. dept., Roanoke Col., 1863-67; prof., Newberry Col., 1874-77 
 and pres., 1877-95; m. Pauline Bittle, 1867; d. Sept. 30, 1895. 
 
 418 
 
ALUMNI 1858 
 
 HUBER, ELI, b. Pine Grove, Pa., Jan. 14, 1834; s. Jacob and Sarah H.; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1855; D.D., same, 1884; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1858; ord. 
 same, 1859; pastor, Schuylkill Haven, Pa., 1858-60; Danville, Pa., 1860- 
 61; Hummelstown, Pa., 1861-66; Nebraska City, Neb., 1866-76 Messiah, 
 Phila., 1876-92; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1856-57; prof., Greencastle, Pa., Acad., 
 1855-56, 1857-58; prof., Otoe U., 1870-71; supt. schs., Nebraska City, 
 Neb., 1872-75; prof., Gbg. Col., 1892-05; member bd. pub. G. S.; dir., 
 Gbg. Sem.; m. Mary Ellen Deibert, Apr. 22, 1860; children, Chas. H., 
 Mrs. Jas. Hibbs, Mrs. John M. Blocher; she d. Apr. 13, 1893; he d. May 
 12, 1911. 
 
 KEEDY, CORNELIUS L., b. Rohrersville, Md., Mar. 28, 1834; s. Daniel 
 and Sophia K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; M.D., source unknown; lic. E, 
 Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. same, 1862; pastor, Johnstown, Pa., 1857-61; Rieg- 
 elsville, Pa., 1861-62; Barren Hill, Pa., 1862-65; Centerville, Pa., 1869- 
 71; Waynesboro, Pa., 1871-75; prin., Hagerstown Female Sem., several 
 years after, 1875; practiced med. 7 yrs.; m. Elizabeth W. Marbourg, 
 May 1, 1860; d. Mar. 25, 1911. 
 
 KLOSS, DANIEL, b. Union Co., Pa., Mar. 18, 1830; s. Daniel and Eliza- 
 abeth (Steininger) K.; A.B., U. of Mich., 1858; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; 
 D.D., Highland Col., 1884; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1860; ord. same, 1861; pas- 
 tor, New Berlin, Pa., 1860-71; Lykens, Pa., 1871-77; entered min. of 
 Cong. Ch., July, 1877; prof. and regent, Highland Col., 1878-90; pres., 
 Nor. Sch. Bd., Tempe, Ariz., 1893-97; pastor, Highland, Kas., 1877-88; 
 White Cloud, Kas., 1878-82; Tempe, Ariz., 1892-1900; also served White 
 Eagle Sch. and Leona, Kas.; rt., 1900; res., Claremont, Cal.; m. Re- 
 becca Jane Kloss, May 24, 1860; children, Chas. L., Mary K., Annie K.; 
 she d. Nov. 7, 1904; he d. Jan. 11, 1912. 
 
 KUENDIG, JOHN JACOB, b. Zurich, Switzerland, Dec. 6, 1830; s. John 
 and Elizabeth (Hauser) K.; grad. Miss. Inst., Basel, 1858, and Gbg. 
 Sem., 1860; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1898; emigrated, 1858; ord. Pa. M., 1860; 
 asst. Trinity, Reading, Pa., 1859-60; pastor, St. John’s, Reading, Pa., 
 1860-17; ed. Pilger, 14 yrs.; trustee, Topton Orphans’ Home; m. Emma 
 S. Shalters, June 12, 1860; she d. 1899; he d. June 17, 1917. 
 
 MILLER, VICTOR, b. nr. Clear Spring, Md., Oct. 24, 1834; s. Samuel 
 and Mary (Firey) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1858; Gbg. and Union Sems.; 
 grad., Gbg. Sem., 1861; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1917; lic. Md. Syn., 1861; 
 ord. same, 1862; pastor, Fayetteville, Pa., 1862-71; teaching in Md., 
 1871-80; Leitersburg, Md., 1881-14, and emeritus, 1914-22; member Co. 
 I, 55th Rgt. Pa. Militia, 1863, and Christian Commission, 1864; tutor, 
 
 419 
 
1858 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Gbg. Col., 1858-59; m. Mary Spickler, Oct. 19, 1865; children, Mary E., 
 Matilda K., Luther F.; she d. Aug. 10, 1873; m. Josephine Mary New- 
 comer, Feb. 7, 1882; he d. Feb. 8, 1922. 
 
 PFATTEICHER, PHILIP, b. Baden, Ger., Sept. 18, 1836; emigrated 1858; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; ord. Pa. M., 1860; assoc. St. John’s, Easton, 
 Pa., 1860-c62; pastor, Zion, Easton, Pa., cl1862-08; m. Emma Spaeth; 
 children, Ernst, Karl, Otto, Mrs. Wm. Sahler; she d. Feb. 27, 1925; he 
 d. Sept. 18, 1908. 
 
 PHILLIPPI, ALEXANDER, b. nr. Rural Retreat, Va., July 25, 1833; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1858; grad. Sem., 1860; ord. Pa. M., 1860; pastor, 
 S. W. Va. Syn., 1861; pastor, Charlotte, N. C., 1859-60; Lynchburg, 
 Va., 1860-61; Wytheville, Va., 1866-15; It. 29th. Va. Rgt., 1861-62, and 
 chaplain, 1862-65; agt. for Roanoke Col., 1865-66; founded, Trinity Fe- 
 male Col., Wytheville, Va., and pres. 21 yrs.; trustee, Roanoke Col., 
 c1865-15; m. Cynthia M. Brown, Oct. 18, 1860; no children; d. Nov. 
 28, 1915. 
 
 RATH, JACOB B., b. nr. Hellertown, Pa.; s. Jacob and Susanna R.; 
 A.B., Gbg. Cl. 1858; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; ord. Pa. M., 1860; pastor, 
 Nazareth, Pa., 1860-65; Bethlehem, Pa., 1865-85; dir., Mt. Airy Sem., 
 1879-85; trustee Muhlenberg Col., 1869-85; prof. Muhlenberg Col., 1869- 
 71; ed. Ch. Messenger, 1876-85; m. C. Elizabeth Sellers, June 25, 1861; 
 3 children; d. Aug. 6, 1885. 
 
 SANNER DANIEL, b. Daaden, Altkirchen, Prussia, June 19, 1830; emi- 
 grated, 1857; ord. Pa. M., 1859; pastor, Minersville, Pa., 1860-71; Tre- 
 mont, Pa., 1871-93, and emeritus until 98; m. Elizabeth Hellenthal, Dec. 
 16, 1855; d. Dec. 19, 1898. 
 
 SCHWARTZ, JOHN WILLIAM, b. Gettysburg, Jan. 8, 1834; s. William 
 P. and Isabella S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; stud. theo. private and Gbg. 
 Sem.; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1891; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1859; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 
 1860; pastor, Berwick, Pa., 1859-61; Lycoming Co. Pa., 1861-62; 
 Worthington, Pa., 1867-19; taught in Acad. at Johnstown, Pa., 1862-65, 
 and Martinsburg, Pa., 1865-67; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Kate C. Gember- 
 ling, Dec. 27, 1859; m. Philomena Keller, Apr. 22, 1891; children, Mrs. 
 M. M. Allbeck, Wm. K., Fred. K.; d. May 23, 1919. 
 
 SHIREY, JOHN D., b. Augusta Co., Va. May 15, 1836; A.B., Roanoke 
 Col., 1857; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1895; lic. Va. 
 Syn., 1860; ord. same, 1861; pastor, Mt. Tabor, Va., 1860-67; Floyd C. 
 
 420 . 
 
ALUMNI 1859 
 
 H., Va., 1867-70; Beth. Eden, S. C., 1870-82; St. Luke’s, Rowan Co., 
 N. C., 1882-89; pres. N. C. Col., 1889-96; d. Apr. 5, 1896. 
 
 STECK, CHARLES T., b. nr. Hughesville, Pa., Jan. 2, 1835; s. Fred. and 
 Catherine (Hill) S.; A.B., Grinnell Col.; Gbg. Sem.; grad. Wit. Sem.; 
 A. M., Wit. Col., 1863; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1861; ord. same, 1863; chap- 
 lain 79th Ret. Pa. Vol., 1862-63; pastor, Lancaster, O., 1864-65; Ham- 
 ilton, O., 1865-66; became pastor of the Episcopal Ch. at Gambier, O., 
 1866; retd. to Luth. Ch., 1874; pastor 2nd, Altoona, Pa., 1874-c76; In- 
 diana, Pa., c1876-c79; Homer City, Pa., cl1879-82; Messiah, Pgh., Pa., 
 1882-85; Bellefonte, Pa., 1885-89; Shamokin, Pa., 1889-11; m. Fannie 
 Parks, 1865; children, Chas. W., Fred. P., Eugene, Edward, Retta, 
 John; d. Aug. 26, 1911. 
 
 STOCK, DANIEL, b. nr. New Oxford, Pa. Apr. 18, 1828; s. William and 
 Elizabeth S.; New Oxford Col. Inst,; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; lic. Al. 
 Syn., 1860; ord. same, 1862; pastor, Martinsburg, Pa., 1860-66, 1876-79; 
 Sulphur Springs, Pa., 1866-70; Bainbridge, Pa., 1871-73; Seven Val- 
 leys, Pa., 1874-76; Wrightsville, Pa., 1881-87; m. Elizabeth Wolf, 1850; 
 children, Chas. M., Mrs. A. H. Secrist; she d. May 10, 1908; he d. 
 June 1, 1900. 
 
 STEINHAUER, CHARLES E., b. Lanterecken, Bavaria, Ger., Aug. 3, 1834; 
 stud. Erlangen U.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1860; ord., 1860; pastor, Ironton, 
 O.; Hagerstown, Md.; Baltimore, Md.; Syracuse, N. Y.; New York 
 City; Canarsie, L. I.; d. Jan. 31, 1908. 
 
 ULERY, CHRISTIAN D., b. Westphalia, Ger., Sept. 23, 1832; s. Fred. 
 and Maria (Kohlmeir) U.; emigrated, 1833; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; lic. 
 Pb. Syn., 1859; ord. same, 1861; pastor, Grace, Pgh. Pa., 1859-61; 
 Lionville, Pa., 1861-62; unmarried; d. Nov. 8, 1862. 
 
 WEBER, JOHN JACOB, b. Wurtemberg, Ger., Nov. 12, 1820; emigrated 
 1847; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1856; ord. same, 1858; pastor, Ashland, Pa., 
 1856-91; m. Rebecca Herb, Sept. 7, 1858; d. Apr. 20, 1894. 
 
 1859 
 
 BARNITZ, SAMUEL BACON, b. York, Pa., May 12, 1838; s. Samuel M. 
 and Sarah (Demuth) B.; Gbg. Col., 1858-59; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; 
 D.D., Carthage Col., 1902; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1861; ord. same, 1862; pas- 
 tor, Wheeling, W. Va., 1862-81; West Sec. Bd. Home Miss., G. S., 1881- 
 02; m. Eliza Smyser, Dec. 9, 1868; children, Susan L., Sarah E., Samuel 
 S.; she d. July 15, 1874; m. Ann Eliza Park, Aug. 14, 1877; children, 
 David P., Fred. B.; he d. June 12, 1902. 
 
 421 
 
1859 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 BAUGHER, HENRY LOUIS, b. Gettysburg, Aug. 6, 1840; s. Henry L. and 
 Clara M. (Brooks) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1857; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; 
 Andover Sem., 1862-63; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1880; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1863; 
 assoc. Wheeling, W. Va., 1863-64; pastor, Trinity, Norristown, Pa., 
 1864-67 ; Indianapolis, Ind., 1868; Kountze Mem., Omaha, Neb., 1880-81 ; 
 prof. Gbg. Col. 1869-80, 1883-96; temp. prof. Gbg. Sem., 1869-73, 
 1883; prof. Howard U., 1883; member 2nd, 3rd, 4th Int. S. S. Lesson 
 Coms.; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1889-99; pres. G. S., 1895-96; member G. S. 
 hymn book com.; ed. Augsburg S. S. Teacher, 1875-94; ed. Luth. World, 
 1896-97; author, Commentary on Luke, 1896; m. Ida Smith, Apr. 3, 
 1872; 1 dau.; d. Feb. 11, 1899. 
 
 EBBERT, JOHN WALTER, b. nr. Greencastle, Pa. Feb. 2, 1831; s. John 
 and Elizabeth E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1859; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; lic. 
 C. Pa, Syn.. 1861; ord. same, 1863; pastor, Franklin, Pa., 1861-62; 
 Cassville, Pa., 1862-64; Fairfield, Ia., 1865-67; Russel Station, Ia., 
 1867; prof. Fairfield Col.; m. Margaret Rupert, Apr. 30, 1863; d. Nov. 
 19, 1867. 
 
 EICHELBERGER, WEBSTER, b. Frederick Co., Md., Mar. 9, 1835; s. 
 Martin and Maria C. E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1856; taught several yrs:; lic. 
 Va. Syn., 1860; ord. S. C. Syn., 1864; pastor, Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 
 1869-70; Page Co., Va., 1870-71; Capon Springs, W. Va., 1871-85; 
 Smithfield, W. Va., 1885-86; tutor, Roanoke Col., 1860-61; private Co. 
 G., 2nd Regt. Va. Inf., 1861-62; prin. prep. dept. Newberry Col., 1862- 
 64; miss. service with Conf. Army, especially 20th Rgt. S. C. Inf., 1864- 
 65; prof. in military sch. near Balto., 1865-66; prof. private sch. Guil- 
 ford, N. C., 1866-67; prof. private sch. New York, N. Y., 1867-69; m. 
 Elizabeth Maria Hobart, Dec. 9, 1874; one s.; d. Dec. 15, 1886. 
 
 GOETTMAN, JOHN GEORGE, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Apr. 11, 1840; s. 
 Geo. and Elizabeth G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1859; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; 
 D.D,. Gbg. Col., 1885; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1861; ord. same, 1862; pastor, 
 Dickinson, Pa., 1861-63; Trinity, Pgh., Pa., 1863-98 and emeritus until 
 05; trustee Gbg. Col., 1877-05; m. Catherine L. Yeager, Mar. 24, 1868; 
 dau., Bessie; d. Nov. 5, 1905. 
 
 GUSS, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, b. Juniata Co., Pa, Aug. 21, 1834; s. 
 Abraham and Mary M. (Aughey) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1859; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1860; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1860; ord. W. Pa., 1860; pastor, Dickin- 
 son, Pa., 1860-61; left ministry, 1865; prop. and ed. Juniata Sentinel, 
 1861-65, and Huntingdon Globe, 1872-77; prin. Soldiers’ Orphans’ Sch., 
 Cassville, Pa. 1865-72; with U. S. Treas. Dept., 1879-85; m. Susan 
 Maria Rindlaud, Nov., 1856; children, Adelaide E., Harry T., Annie M., 
 
 422 
 
ALUMNI 1859 
 
 Mary F., Kate G., Emma, G.; she d. Oct. 28, 1916; author, several his- 
 torical, genealogical and biographical works; he d. Dec. 7, 1887. 
 
 HEILIG, THEOPHILUS, b. Center Square, Pa., July 31, 1837; s. George 
 and Susanna (Hook) H.; stud. Hartwick Sem., 1853-57; stud. Union 
 Col., 1857-58; A.B., Gbg: Col., 1859; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; D.D., 
 Hartwick Sem.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1861; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1862; pastor, 
 Smithfield Parish, Pa., 1861-64, 1880-1914; Riegelsville, Pa., 1864-76; 
 N. Wales, Pa., 1878-80; m. Mary Alice Davis, Jan. 19, 1869; children, 
 Wm. D., Adeline N., Matthias R.; rt. Oct. 1, 1914; res., Phila. 
 
 SCHMIDT, FREDERICK, b. Frankfort-on-Oder, Ger., Sept. 8, 1807; ord. 
 1833; at Ann Arbor, Mich., 1859-60, 1863-83; Theresa, Wis., 1860-63; 
 d. Sept. 3, 1883. 
 
 SCHMIDT, JOHN HENRY, b. Enger, Prussia, Aug. 9, 1827; emigrated 
 1852; Gbg. Prep., 1856-58; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; lic. Al. Syn., 1861; 
 ord. same, 1863; pastor, Altoona, Pa., 1861-64; Trevorton, Pa., 1864-68; 
 White Haven, Pa., and vicinity, 1868-75; Freeland, Pa., 1875-91; m. 
 Louisa Ann Newman, Oct. 27, 1862; 5 children; d. Feb. 17, 1899. 
 
 SCHMUCKER, GEORGE WILLIAM SPENER, b. Gettysburg, Pa., July 
 16, 1836; s. S. S. and Catherine (Steenbergen) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
 1854; teaching, 1854-59; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; ord. Pa. M., 1862; pas- 
 tor, Red Hook, N. Y., 1862-68; Pottstown, Pa., 1868-70; agt. Mutual 
 Life Ins. Co., Phila., 1871-05; m. Delia P. Feller, Nov. 28, 1869; 2 chil- 
 dren; d. Mar. 26, 1905. 
 
 SIEKER, JOHN HENRY, b. Schweinfurth, Bavaria, Oct. 23, 1838; emi- 
 grated, cl851; Gbg. Prep., 1858-59; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; ord. Wis. 
 Syn., 1861; pastor, Granville, Wis., 1861-67; St. Paul, Minn., 1867-76; 
 St. Matt., New York, N. Y., 1876-04; co-founder N. W. U., Wis.; pro- 
 gym. at Hawthorne; orphanage, hospital and old people’s home in New 
 York; co-ed. Gememdeblati, 1868-76; m. Julia Sophia Streissguth, c1863; 
 she d. July 15, 1904; he d. Dec. 30, 1904. 
 
 STRUNTZ, GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, b. Weissenburg, Bavaria, June 24, 
 1829; s. Gottlieb G. and Margaret B. (Wolf) S.; emigrated, 1859; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1860; ord. same, 1861; pastor, Carlisle, Pa., 1860-62; 
 Sumneytown, Pa., 1862-c66; Chestnut Hill, Pa., c1866-72; St. John’s, 
 Mauch Chunk, Pa., 1872-76; Pleasant Corners, Pa., 1876-79; Pittston, 
 Pa., 1879-91; St. Paul’s, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., 1891-96; trustee Muhlen- 
 berg Col.; m. Margaret B. Wolf, 1862; d. Aug. 15, 1896. 
 
 423 
 
1860 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 WEISE, ARTHUR JAMES, b. Shepherdstown, Va., Aug. 15, 1838; s. Henry 
 and Ann E. (Crawford) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1859; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1861; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1861; not ord.; It. Co. A, 76th Md. Vol., 1862- 
 64; ed. staff of Troy, N. Y., Morning Whig and Daily Times for sev- 
 eral yrs.; member Soc. Army of the Potomac, Am. Hist. Assn., Natl. 
 Geo. Soc., Bklyn. Inst. of Arts and Science, etc.; author, numerous his- 
 torical and biographical works; m. Catherine Virginia Updegraff, Apr. 
 3, 1869; she d. Oct. 16, 1880; m. Abigail Louisa Forgus, Feb. 4, 1885; 
 he d. 1910 or ’11. 
 
 1860 
 
 APPLE, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, b. Pleasant Valley, Pa., Sept. 15, 1832; 
 s. Andrew and Margaret A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1862; ord. Pa. M., 1862; pastor, Maytown, Pa., 1862-64; Stone Church, 
 Pa., 1864-83; Bangor, Pa., 1883-95; Stroudsburg, Pa., 1895-c12; trustee, 
 Muhlenberg Col., 1868-76; m. Mary E. Book, May 26, 1863; she d. 
 June 26, 1868; m. Ella Pearson Jan. 31, 1869; 4 children; he d. Nov. 
 21, 1914. 
 
 CROLL, ALFRED DELONG, b. Berks Co., Pa., June 25, 1838; s. John and 
 Catherine (DeLong) C.; Freeland Sem.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1862; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor, Berks Co., Pa., 1862-67; 
 Berks and Lyons Cos., Pa., 1867-76; 4 children; d. June 19, 1876. 
 
 FOX, JOSIAH B., b. Douglass, Pa. Nov. 25, 1833; s. Jonas and Susan 
 (Beiterman) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; ord. 
 Pa. M., 1862; pastor, Shippenville, Pa., 1862-68; Emlenton, Pa., 1868-88; 
 Schnecksville, Pa., 1888-01; founder and prin. Emlenton Acad., 1868-88; 
 trustee Thiel Col.; m. Harriet Kribbs, June 5, 1866; 3 children; she d. 
 1896; he d. May 26, 1901. 
 
 FOX, WILLIAM BEITERMAN, b. Congo, Pa., Oct. 21, 1837; s. Jonas 
 and Susan (Beiterman) F.; Freeland Sem.; Frederick Sem., 1856-58; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1862; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pas- 
 tor, Berwick, Pa., 1862-68; Sumneytown, Pa., 1868-05; m. Elizabeth F. 
 Mack, June 5, 1864; 4 children; d. May 4, 1905. 
 
 GROFF, JOHNSON R., b. Lebanon, Pa., Feb. 7, 1832; s. Rudolph and Mary 
 Ann (Carpenter) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1861; ord. 
 same, 1862; pastor, Trinity, Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1861-62, and St. John’s, 
 same, 1862-72; 1st Erie, Pa., 1872-74; St. John’s, Easton, Pa., 1874-81; 
 Danville, Pa., 1881-88; Mt. Pleasant, Pa., 1888-91; St. Paul’s, Doyles- 
 town, Pa., 1891-01; St. John’s, Lykens, Pa., 1901-04; m. S. Gertrude 
 
 424 
 
ALUMNI 1860 
 
 Riegel, Jan. 8, 1865; children, Mrs. I. D. West, Mrs. Ed. Heistand, Mrs. 
 Harold Otter, Eleanor, Tenny, Paul, Arthur, John; m. a Miss Klein- 
 dienst, of Easton, Pa., 1889; he d. Dec. 30, 1904. 
 
 GROH, ABRAHAM H., b. nr. Myerstown, Pa., Sept. 19, 1838; s. Henry 
 and Maria G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; ord. Pa. 
 M., 1862; pastor, Stroudsburg, Pa., 1863-65; New Hanover, Pa., 1865- 
 66; unmarried; d. Feb., 1866. 
 
 KECKLER, WILLIAM, b. nr. Wayesboro, Pa., Feb. 24, 1832; s. Valentine 
 and Elizabeth K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1859; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; lic. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1862; ord. same, 1863; taught in schs. of Franklin Co., Pa., 
 1862-84; m. Matilda Hepfer, who d. July 24, 1869; m. Susan Mentzer; 
 he d. Sept. 11, 1884. 
 
 KEEDY, REUBEN M., b. Rohersville, Md., Oct. 23, 1835; s. Daniel and 
 Sophia K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; lic. Md. Syn., 1863, 64 and not re- 
 newed; tchg. several yrs.; practiced dentistry; m. Anna E. Roulette, 
 Jan. 19, 1879; d. 1913. 
 
 LECHLEIDER, ALEXANDER AUGUSTUS, b. Fred. Co., Md. Aug. 31, 
 1835; s. Henry and Mary L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1858; engaged in tchg. 
 and merchantile business; res. Hagerstown, Md.; m. Rebecca Herr, 
 Aug. 16, 1861; children, Lillian May, Francis A., Martin L., Clarence, 
 Leanore G.; she d. Jan. 20, 1908; he d. Sept. 16, 1898. 
 
 MANN, LUTHER AMBROSE, b. nr. Lovettsville, Va. Aug. 14, 1834; s. 
 John and Sarah (Compher) M.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1860; lic. S. W. 
 Va. Syn., 1861; ord. same, 1862; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1893; pastor, 
 Marion, Va., 1861-68; Mt. Airy, Va., 1868-69; Burkittsville, Md., 1869- 
 76; Middletown, Md., 1876-86; Mt. Jackson, Va., 1888-90; Mercersburg, 
 Pa., 1890-97; Littlestown, Pa., 1897-03; Cumberland, Md., 1903-08; 
 est. classical schs. at Chillowee and Mt. Airy, Va.; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. 
 Mary Ellen Householder, July 16, 1863; 6 children; d. Nov. 9, 1908. 
 
 McATEE, JOHN Q., b. Waynesboro, Pa. Nov. 25, 1838; s. Thos. and 
 Mary M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1858; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1861; ord. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1861; pastor, Lunenburg, N. S., 1861-66; Bedford, Pa., 1866-70; 
 Pottsville, Pa., 1870-77; Red Hook, N. Y., 1877-79; Cumberland, Md., 
 1879-83; Barren Hill, Pa., 1883-88; Phila., 1888-04; left ministry, 1907, 
 and engaged in business; m. Louisa Craig, May 25, 1865; she d. Mar. 7, 
 1868; m. Emma Hartley, May 19, 1869; children, Tessie G., John H., 
 May M.; her res., Phila.; he d. Feb. 9, 1920. 
 
 425 
 
1861 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 PFUHL, JOHN GEORGE, b. Treffurt, Saxony, Ger., Mar. 30, 1838; 
 Muhlhauser Gym.; grad. U. of Halle, 1859; emigrated, 1860; grad. 
 Gbe. Sem., 1862; lic. O. Jt. Syn., 1862; ord. same, 1864; pastor, Steu- 
 benville, O., 1862-76; St. Michael’s, Harrisburg, Pa., 1876-11; children, 
 Miss S. A., Mrs. Albert Froelich, C. W., Paul W.; d. Jan. 28, 1911. 
 
 RENNINGER, JOSIAH STAUFFER, b. Falkner Swamp, Pa., Mar. 7, 1838; 
 s. Peter and Anna Maria (Stauffer) R.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; lic. 
 Al. Syn., 1862; ord. Pa. M., 1864; pastor, Derry, Pa., 1862-63; Ring- 
 town, Pa., 1863-67; Schnecksville, Pa., 1867-88; St. Luke’s, Allentown, 
 Pa., 1888-98; St. John’s, Berrysburg, Pa., 1899-09; Northampton 
 Heights and Edgeboro, Pa., 1910-19; m. Mattie M. Kull, Sept. 29, 1864; 
 children, Placidus M., Mrs. John A. Klinger, Daisie; d. Mar. 7, 1919. 
 
 RICE, JOHN M., b. Sandy Hill, Pa. Feb. 22, 1839; s. George and Mag- 
 dalena (Ickis) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; lic. 
 C. Pa. Syn., 1862; ord. same, 1864; pastor, Milroy, Pa., 1863-64; 
 Wrightsville, Pa., 1866-67; Espy, Pa., 1867-70; Belleville, Pa., 1870- 
 75; Williamsburg, Pa., 1876-82; St. Clairsville, Pa., 1882-92; Benders- 
 ville, Pa., 1890-94; miss. to Africa, 1864-65; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Han- 
 nah M. Ziegler, Sept. 16, 1862; children, John, Fred., Frank, Mrs. John 
 Everler, Mrs. W. S. O’Donnald, Bertha, Mrs. Reynolds, Lillie; d. Dec. 
 7, 1918. 
 
 SCHLAGER, KARL. Grad. Gettysburg Sem., 1862; ord. Pa. M. 1862; 
 pastor, Carlisle, Pa., 1862; retd. to Ger., 1863. 
 
 SOMMER, WILLIAM MICHAEL KARL, b. Bautzen, Saxony, Ger., Mar. 
 27, 1826; s. Peter and Eleonore (Uhlig) S.; Miss. Sch. Neuendettelsau, 
 Bavaria, 1849-50; arrived N. Y., May 22, 1850; Ft. Wayne Sem., 1850- 
 52; ord. Mo. Syn., 1852; pastor, Franklinville, Md., 1852-58, 1864-78; 
 St. John’s, Phila., 1858-61 in Ger. 1861-64; m. Emilie Henrietta 
 Fritzsche, Aug. 22, 1852; 13 children; d. Dec. 19, 1878. 
 
 TRAUTMAN, LOUIS, b. in France, Oct. 8, 1838; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1862; 
 ord. O. Jt. Syn., 1862; pastor, New Metamoras, Massillon, New Comers- 
 town, O.; d. Mar. 22, 1865. 
 
 1861 
 
 BURKE, I. CALVERT, original name Burkhalter, b. Canada, 1844; s. 
 John P. and Sarah E. B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; 
 D.D., Sus. U., 1902; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor, Salona, Pa., 1864-65; 
 
 426 
 
ALUMNI 1861 
 
 Mahoning City, Pa., 1866-69; Lewisburg, Pa., 1869-75; Columbia, Pa., 
 1875-77; 3rd, Balto., 1877-16; m. L. E. Burrell, Aug. 8, 1866; dau. Mrs. 
 Saml. Bickel; she d. Aug. 10, 1884; he d. Jan. 29, 1916. 
 
 GIESZ, HENRY, b. Angersbach, Hessia, Ger., July 9, 1825; s. John and 
 Barbara (Schulin) G.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1863; 
 ord. same, 1864; pastor, Milton, Pa. 1863-65; Palmyra, Pa., 1865-68; 
 East Hanover, Pa., 1868-06; m. Isabella Wallace, Dec. 5, 1872; no chil- 
 dren; she d. June 17, 1912; he d. Apr. 4, 1913. 
 
 GOTWALD, WASHINGTON VAN BUREN, b. York Springs, Pa., Nov. 
 10, 1836; s. Danl. and Susan (Krone) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1863; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor, Emmittsburg, Md., 1863- 
 66; St. John’s, Lancaster, Pa., 1866-69; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1860-62; un- 
 married; author, Jubilee Catechism, 1867; Hist. St. John’s, Lancaster, 
 1867; d. June 9, 1869. 
 
 GROH, LEONARD H., b. nr. Schafferstown, Pa., Aug. 18, 1833; s. Abra- 
 ham and Sarah (Strickler) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1863; D.D., Sus. U., 1901; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor, Quakertown, Pa., 
 1863-65; New Hanover, Pa., 1865-81; Boyertown, Pa., 1865-91; Lincoln, 
 Neb., 1891-96; St. Mark’s, Omaha, Neb., 1896-17; trustee Muhlenberg 
 Col., 1869-76; m. Martha Schryock Hicks, Apr. 4, 1870; children, Anna, 
 John C., A. R.; she d. June 6, 1878; m. Hettie Hicks, Feb., 1880; he d. 
 Oct. 24, 1919. 
 
 HENTZ, JOHN PHILIP, b. Giessen, Ger., May 5, 1832; s. William and 
 Catherine H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; lic. Al. Syn., 1862; ord. same, 1864; 
 pastor, Indiana, Pa., 1863-65; West Newton, Pa., 1865-66; Somerset, 
 Pa., 1866-71; Adamsville, O., 1871-73; Germantown, O., 1873-86; Mil- 
 lersburg, O., 1886-89; Avilla, Ind., 1889-92; Columbus, O., 1892-95; 
 m. Cecelia A. Nicodemus, Feb. 18, 1863; author, Luth. Ch. in German- 
 town, O., Hist. of Twin Valley, Holmes Co. Rebellion, First Luth. Set- 
 tlements in Ohio; d. Aug. 23, 1915. 
 
 HOLLOWAY, HENRY CLAY, b. Aaronsburg, Pa., Sept. 17, 1838; s. John 
 B. and Margaret (Bender) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1863; D.D., Wit. Col. and Md. Col., 1887; pastor, Westminster, Md., 
 1863-68; 1st, Cumberland, Md., 1868-79; Zion, Newville, Pa., 1879-84; 
 St. Peter’s, Middletown, Pa., 1884-89; Grace, Pgh., 1889-91; Miffin- 
 town, Pa., 1891-96; St. John’s, Bellefonte, Pa., 1897-05; ret. 1905, res. 
 Harrisburg, Pa.; supplied Dauphin, Pa., 6 yrs.; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. 
 Salome F. Vandersloot, Oct. 6, 1863; children, Martin L., Harry D., 
 
 427 
 
1861 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Emily G., Daisy C., Paul F.; she d. Sept. 5, 1888; m. Clara J. McClure, 
 May 14, 1890; her res., Harrisburg; he d. May 5, 1924. 
 { 
 HORINE, MAHLON CARLETON, b. Myersville, Md., July 14, 1838; s. 
 John and Catherine H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; 
 D.D., Muhlenberg Col., 1892; lic. Md. Syn., 1863; ord. same, 1864; pas- 
 tor, Smithsburg, Md., 1865-69; Dayton, O., 1869-70; Zanesville, O.., 
 1870-73; Danville, Pa., 1873-81; St. Jas., Reading, Pa., 1881-09; Trin- 
 ity, Manoa, Phila. 1913-17; trustee Muhlenberg Col.; dir. Mt. Airy 
 Sem., 1891-09; pres. Pa. M., 1904-07; member many bds. and coms. 
 G. C.; m. Emma F. Winebrenner, May 16, 1866; children, Paul C., 
 John W., Harriet; she d. June 28, 1912; author, Reflections on the 
 Book of Ruth, 1892: Hist. of St. Jas. Ch., Reading, 1900; d. May 
 16, 1917. 
 
 KINSEL, D. W., f. Salem Station, O.; Wit. Col.; lic. Ky. Syn., 1858; 
 ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1863; pastor, Nelson Co., Ky., 1858-60; Duncannon, 
 Pa., 1863-64; Pine Grove Mills, Pa., 1864-65; deposed by C. Pa. Syn., 
 1865; d. Feb., 1870. 
 
 KUSS, ADAM C., b. Wisek, Prussia, Nov. 14, 1833; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
 1863; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor, Stonebridge, Can., 1863-69; Town 
 Line, N. Y., 1869-75; Gardenville, N. Y., 1878-89; Northbridge, N. Y., 
 1889-98; supt. orphanage at Sulphur Springs, N. Y., 1875-78; d. July 
 24, 1903. 
 
 LEMCKE, HANS JOACHIM HINRICH, b. Sagan, Holstein, Ger., Jan. 20, 
 1834; s. Marx D. and Anna C. L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1863; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor, Worthington, Pa., 1863-66; West 
 Newton, Pa., 1866-77; Elizabethtown, Pa., 1877-81; St. Jacobus, Al- 
 toona, Pa., 1881-91; Franklin, Pa., 1892-96; prof. Middleburg, Va., 
 Acad., 1860-61; prof. Geneva Col. and Rochester, Pa., H. S., 1891-92; 
 teaching, 1896-1900; m. Susan Catherine Williamson, Sept. 3, 1863; 
 children, Eliza, Lulie M. R., Carrie L. D., Frank E. H., Wilfred L., 
 Ruth E.; she d. Feb. 27, 1899; he d. Dec. 28, 1900. 
 
 REIFF, HERMAN, grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor 
 White Haven, Pa., 1863-c65; Norristown, Pa., cl1865-66; suspended by 
 Pa. M., 1866. 
 
 SCHIMPFF, MATTHIAS, b. Baden, Ger., Nov. 17, 1837; emigrated c1859; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; ord. Pa, M., 1863; pastor, Verona, N. Y., 1863- 
 67; Mahoning City, Pa., 1867-c78; Palmyra, Pa., c1878-80; Immanuel, 
 Frankford, Pa., 1880-96; d. Jan. 13, 1896. 
 
 428 
 
ALUMNI 1862 
 
 THOMPSON, ABEL N., b. Glades, Md., Apr. 8, 1834; s. Lewis and Eliza- 
 beth T.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1861; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; lic. Md. Syn., 
 1863; ord. Ky. Syn., 1864; pastor, Jeffersontown, Ky., 1864-69; New 
 Millport, Pa., 1869-74; Schellsburg, Pa., 1874-76; m. Margaret E. 
 Ecker, Dec. 6, 1864; 1 dau.; she d. Oct. 12, 1868; m. Jennie M. Walker, 
 Nov. 15, 1871; 1 dau.; he d. July 5, 1881. 
 
 WEIDENSALL, ROBERT, b. Hollidaysburg, Pa., Apr. 20, 1836; s. Jacob 
 and Nancy F. W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; Gbg. Sem., 1861; LL.D., 
 Gbe. Col., 1912; tchg., Middletown, Pa., 1861-63; Const. Corps U. S. 
 Mil. R. R., 1863-64; carpenter, Hollidaysburg, Pa., 1864-66; supt. car 
 shops U. P. R. R., Omaha, Neb., 1866-68; Int. Sec. Y. M. C. A., 1868- 
 1918; father of Col. Y. M. C. A.’s; unmarried; d. Sept. 13, 1922. 
 
 WHETSTONE, AMOS MOSER, b. near Tamaqua, Pa., Feb. 15, 1838; Gbg. 
 Col., 1857-61; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; ord. Pa. M., 1863; pastor, Mer- 
 cersburg, Pa., 1863-71; Trinity, Somerset, Pa., 1872-82; Millersville, 
 Pa., 1882-86; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1886-90; St. Jas., Gloversville, N. Y. 
 1890-94; dir. Gbg. Sem.; unmarried; d. Mar. 28, 1894. 
 
 WILLIAMS, JOHN R., b. Mechanicsburg, Pa., Jan. 29, 1835; s. John T. 
 and Rebecca W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1863; lic. C. 
 Pa. Syn., 1863; ord. Al. Syn., 1865; pastor, Blairsville, Pa., 1864-69; 
 Shamokin, Pa., 1869-72; Bloomsburg, Pa., 1872-75; Hagerstown, Pa., 
 1875-84; Phila., 1884-88; Juniata, Pa., 1888-90; Uniontown, Pa., 1891-94; 
 Chicora, Pa., 1894-97; m. Annie F. Alter, Jan. 5, 1865; 4 children; d. 
 Feb. 7, 1897. 
 
 1862 
 
 BENZE, ADOLPH LEOPOLD, b. Thorn, Prussia, Sept. 18, 1833; emi- 
 grated, c1855; Gbe. Col., 1860-62; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1864; ord. Pa. M., 
 1864; pastor, Warren, Pa., 1864-72; Erie, Pa., 1872-91; m. Elizabeth 
 C. Kiehl, Sept. 8, 1864; 7 children; author, Pilgerlieder, 1892; d. 
 Jan. 18, 1891. 
 
 CROLL, JOHN W., b. York, Pa., Jan. 4, 1838; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; d. 
 Dec. 7, 1862. 
 
 CULLER, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Jefferson, Md., Oct. 13, 1839; s. Danl. 
 and Ann M. (Hargett) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1864; D.D., Sus. U., 1906; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1864; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 
 1865; pastor, Duncannon, Pa., 1865-67; Williamsport, Md., 1867-69; 
 Martinsburg, W. Va., 1869-81; Mercersburg, Pa., 1881-90; Apollo, Pa., 
 1890-97; Bedford, Pa., 1897-1910; supply, Phila., 1910-13; dir. Gbg 
 Sem.; trustee Sus. U., 1900-10; member Christian Commission, 1864: 
 
 429 
 
1862 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 author, Hist. Luth. Ch., Martinsburg, W. Va., 1876; Hist. Luth. Chs. 
 of Middletown Valley, Md., 1899; m. Mary Jane Floyd, Oct. 26, 1865; 
 children, Pauline C., Nellie F., Danl. F., Robt. M., Vida L.; she d. Jan. 
 3, 1913; d. Aug. 10, 1925. 
 
 EBELING, ALBERT, b. Hanover, Ger., Feb. 12, 1839; s. Henry A. and 
 M. E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; lic. Md. Syn., 1863; ord. same, 1864; no 
 pastorate; clerk in Quartermaster’s Dept., U. S. A., Washn.; unmar- 
 ried; d: Feb. 22, 1865. 
 
 KELLER, JACOB B., b. nr. Hummelstown, Pa., Jan. 2, 1837; s. Sebastian 
 and Fannie K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1864; lic. E. Pa. 
 Syn., 1864; ord. same, 1865; pastor, Shamokin, Pa., 1864-69; Watson- 
 town, Pa., 1869-70; Bedford, Pa., 1871-74; Williamsport, Md., 1874-86; 
 St. Peter’s, Easton, Pa., 1886-88; Smithsburg, Md., 1888-96; supplied 
 Minersville, Pa., 1898-99; St. Mark’s, Hagerstown, Md., 1903, 06, and 
 Shepherdstown, W. Va., 1903; m. Martha S. Weaver, Sept. 27, 1865; 2 
 children; d. May 13, 1918. 
 
 KERR, JOSEPH J., b. nr. Dillsburg, Pa., Jan. 1, 1835; member Co. F., 
 163rd Ohio Vols., c1862-64; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1864; ord. same, 1866; 
 pastor, Millerstown, Pa., 1864-67; Huntingdon, Pa., 1867-72; Myers- 
 ville, Md., 1872-75; Duncannon, Pa., 1875-79; Wilmore, Pa., 1879-81; 
 Altoona, Pa., 1881-89; Brookville, Pa., 1889-94; Newville, Pa., 1894-14; 
 m. Kate A. Smith, Dec. 25, 1866; children, Homer, Mrs. W. H. 
 Slaughenhaupt; d. Oct. 26, 1914. 
 
 KLINEFELTER, FREDERICK, b. York, Pa. Sept. 26, 1836; s. Adam 
 and Sarah E. (Doudel) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1864; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1864; pastor, St. Peter’s, Phila., 1864-67; Tre- 
 mont, Pa., 1867-72; Greencastle, Pa., 1872-95; Lionville, Pa., 1895-99; 
 private 16th Pa. Vols., 1861; capt. Co. A (College Co.), 26th Pa. 
 Militia, 1863; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Anna E. Wilson, Sept. 4, 1866; dau. 
 Mrs. Willis S. Lewis; she d. 1884; m. Clara Wunderlich; hed. July 
 28, 1903. 
 
 McLAUGHLIN, ALEXANDER, b. Letterkenny, Ireland, Nov. 22, 1834; s. 
 Chas. and Barbara (Bovard) M.; arrived Phila., July 3, 1850; Gbg. 
 Col., 1857-62; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1864; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1864; pastor, 
 Wrightsville, Pa., 1864-66; Washingtonville, O., 1866-68; N. Zion., 
 Surgeon Hall, P. O., 1872-74; White Pigeon, Mich., 1874-78; Three 
 Rivers, Mich., 1878-84; Sherwood, Ont., Zion’s, Vaughn Twp., 1884-92; 
 Sardis, Pa., 1892-97; Trinity, Tarentum, Pa., 1897-1900; Goshen, Ind., 
 1900-03; Millersburg, Ind., 1903-06; Dongola, Ill., 1906-09; Pearl City, 
 
 430 
 
ALUMNI 1863 
 
 Ill., 1909-11; supt. Assn. for Care of Discharged Prisoners, Alle. Co., 
 Pa., 1868-72; del. to World’s S. S. Conv., London, 1889; m. Emma 
 Sarah Fox., Nov. 5, 1868; her. res., South Bend, Ind.; children, Chas. 
 P., Elizabeth, Marjorie, Catharine, Ed. E.; he d. Sept. 7, 1912. 
 
 SARVER, JONATHAN, b. Greensburg, Pa. Nov. 2, 1837; s. John and 
 Anna M. (Kepple) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1864; 
 D.D,. N. C. Col., 1898; lic. Pb. Syn., 1864; ord. same, 1865; pastor, 
 Zelienople, Pa., 1864-66; Leechburg, Pa., 1866-83; Mt. Pleasant, Pa., 
 1883-87; Hazelton, Kas., 1887-88; Jewett, O., 1888-92; Beaver Falls, 
 Pa., 1892-94; N. S. Pgh., Pa., 1894-95; New Stanton Pa., 1895-1900; 
 Saegertown, Pa., 1900-07; Derry, Pa., 1907-13; trustee Thiel Col.; m. 
 Jennie B. Welty, Nov. 8, 1864; children, Welty, Chas., Harry B., Wm.; 
 she d. July 26, 1893; m. Louise Drieherstef, Oct. 17, 1894; he d. Jan. 
 24, 1922. 
 
 SHINDLE, HENRY CLAY, b. Lancaster, Pa., Dec. 10, 1838; s. Geo. and 
 Mary A. (Snyder) S.; Gbg. Col., 1858-62; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1864; 
 A.M., Gbg. Col., 1868; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1864; pastor, Minersville, Pa., 
 1864-68; Port Royal, Pa., 1868-83; New Chester, Pa., 1883-95; Phila., 
 Pa., 1895-06; Reading, Pa., 1906-11; rt., 1911; sgt. Co. A, 26th Pa. Mil., 
 1863; m. Jane Emily Levering, June 16, 1864; children, Luther, Harry, 
 Geo., Clara, Marie, Frank; res. Narberth, Pa. 
 
 1863 
 
 COLVER, MICHAEL, b. Armstrong Co., Pa., Mar. 18, 1836; s. William 
 and Sarah (Schall) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1863; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1865; 
 lic. Pb. Syn., 1865; ord. Al. Syn., 1867; pastor, Cookport Chge., In- 
 diana Co., Pa., 1865-68; Apollo, Pa., 1868-76; Newport, Pa., 1876-81; 
 Blairsville, Pa., 1881-89; Lena, IIl., 1889-93; Galion, O., 1893-97; Lis- 
 bon, Ia., 1897-99; Lanark, Ill, 1899-02; Middletown, Ind., 1902-06; 
 Orangeville, Ill., 1906-14; m. R. Emma Wood, Apr. 18, 1867; 5 children, 
 2 surviving sons: Edsall, Harry; she d. Dec. 13, 1913; he d. Apr. 3, 1913. 
 
 CORNMAN, WILLIAM OLIVER, b. Carlisle, Pa., Feb. 1, 1841; s. Jona- 
 than and Anna M. (Embich) C.; A.B., Dickinson Col., 1862; grad. Mt. 
 Airy Sem., 1866; ord. Pa. M., 1866; pastor, Trinity, Danville, Pa., 1867- 
 68; Lunenburg, N. S., 1868-69; Grace, Phillipsburg, N. J., 1872-73; prin. 
 Eclectic Acad., Phillipsburg, N. J., 1879-81; pvt. Co. A, 130th Pa. Vol., 
 1862-63, wounded at Fredericksburg; m. Mary A. Monzer, June 20, 
 1867; 6 children; m. Mrs. Sarah C. Fix, 1905; d. Oct. 24, 1910. 
 
 DIZINGER, JOHN CHRISTIAN, b. Ger., Jan. 14, 1838; s. Daniel and 
 Christine D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1863; grad. Mt. Airy Sem., 1865; ord. 
 
 431 
 
1863 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Pa. M., 1865; pastor, Trinity, Camden, N. J., 1869-93; St. Paul’s, 
 Hainesport, N. J., 1893-03; corp. Co. A (Col. Co.), 26th Pa. Militia, 
 1863; unmarried; d. Jan. 19, 1903. 
 
 FAIR, F. ADAM, b. nr. Manchester, Md., Dec. 15, 1837; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
 1863; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1864; pastor, Hazleton, Pa., 1864-65; Reneeornt 
 d. Aug. 8, 1865. 
 
 FREY, WILLIAM AUGUST, b. Kandern, Hesse, Ger., Feb. 3, 1836; grad. 
 Karlsruhe Teachers’ Sem.; taught 4 yrs. in Ger.; emigrated, 1861; 
 teaching, Balto., 1861-63; lic. Md. Syn., 1864; ord. Mo. Syn.; pastor, 
 Washn., D. C., 1864-c66; Rockville, Conn., 1870-75; St. Matt., Albany, 
 N. Y., 1875-10; d. Mar. 6, 1911. 
 
 HOOVER, FRANCIS TROUT, b. Wernersville, Pa., Dec. 21, 1841; A.B., 
 Ursinus Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1865; ord. Pa., M., 1865; pastor, St. 
 John’s, Reading, Pa., 1865-66; Frederick, Pa., 1866-68; Bainbridge, Pa., 
 1868-70; Hebron, Leechburg, Pa., 1870-80; Greenwich, N. J., 1880-83; 
 West Sandlake, N. Y., 1883-89; entered Cong. Ch., 1889, and served 
 Gasport, Rushville and Cambria, N. Y.; prin. Frederick Lit. Inst., 
 1866-68 ; m. Jane Ann Hedley, May 10, 1865; 8 children; d. June 7, 1921. 
 
 KISTLER, ANDREW TRESSLER, b. Loysville, Pa., Jan. 26, 1837; s. John 
 and, Salome (Tressler) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; few months in Gbg. 
 Sem.; not lic.; member Co. B, 77th Pa. Vol. Inf., 1865; taught sch. and 
 farmed in Pa., Md., Kas., Mo.; unmarried; d. Mar. 25, 1918. 
 
 KITZMILLER, JOHN HENRY ACQUILA, b. nr. Hagerstown, Md., July 
 8, 1833; s. Wm. H. and Catherine K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; stud. 
 theo. private and Gbg. Sem.; lic. Md. Syn., 1864; ord. same, 1865; pas- 
 tor, Wellersburg, Pa., 1865-69; Schellsburg, Pa., 1869-71; Freeport, Pa., 
 1871-78; Kittanning, Pa., 1882-89; m. Julia M. Wingert, Nov. 20, 1866; 
 no children; d. May 17, 1915. 
 
 RICHARDS, MATTHIAS HENRY, b. Germantown, Pa., June 17, 1841; 
 s. John W. and Andora (Garber) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1860; stud. theo. 
 private; grad. Ghg. Sem., 1864; ord. Pa. M., 1864; pastor, So. Easton, 
 Pa., 1864-65; Greenwich, N. J., 1866-68; Indianapolis, Ind., 1874-76; 
 Trinity, Catasauqua, Pa., 1879-82; prof. Muhlenberg Col., 1868-74, 1876- 
 98; tutor Gbg. Col., 1862-63; member Co. A (Col. Co.), 26th Pa. 
 Militia,, 1863; dir. Allentown, Pa., Pub. Schs., 1879-98; asst. ed. Luth., 
 1884-98; asst. ed. Ch. Messenger until 1896; author, Ger. Emigration 
 from New York Province into Pa., vol. 9 Pa. Ger. Soc. Proc.; m. Sallie 
 
 432 
 
ALUMNI 1863 
 
 Maginley McClean, June 14, 1866; children, John W., Mary, Dora, 
 Adelaide, Rosa; she d. 1920; he d. Dec. 12, 1898. 
 
 REMENSNYDER, JUNIUS BENJAMIN, b. Staunton, W. Va., Feb. 24, 
 1841; s. John J. and Susan A. (Bryan) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1861; 
 member Co. B, 131st rgt., Pa. Vol., 1862-63, battles, Antietam, Fred- 
 ericksburg, Chancellorsville; Grad. Gbg. Sem., 1865; D.D., Newberry 
 Col., 1880; LL.D., N. Y. U., 1890; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1865; ord. same, 
 1866; pastor, Lewistown, Pa., 1865-67; Phila., 1867-74; Savannah, Ga., 
 1874-80; St. Jas., N. Y. City, 1881-1924; member numerous bds. and 
 coms.; pres. Peace Commission Fed. Council Chs., 1906; pres. G. S., 
 1911-13; pres. Sigma Chi clerical circle of N. Y. City, 1904- ; trustee, 
 Church Peace Union, 1914- ; member World. Conf. of Episcopal Ch. 
 on Faith and Order, 1900- ; enrolled in N. Y. City records, 1922, as 
 one of city’s eminent men; co-ed. Christian Herald; author, Heaven- 
 ward, 1874: Doom Eternal, 1880: The Six Creative Days, 1886: The 
 Lutheran Manual, 1893: The Atonement and Modern Thought, 1905: 
 The Post Apostolic Age and Current Religious Problems, 1909: What 
 the World Owes Luther, 1917: History of Lutheranism in America, lec- 
 tures at U. of Upsala, 1918: Mysticism, 1918: The Problem of Life, 
 1918; m. Emma Louise Wagner, June 28, 1870; children, Ralph J., 
 Mabel L.; ret. res. N. Y. City. 
 
 SMITH, JACOB LAWSON, b. Middletown Valley, Md. Mar. 3, 1836; s. 
 Jacob and Rebecca (Horine) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1863; grad. Mt. 
 Airy Sem., 1865; D.D., N. C. and Gbg. Cols., 1894; ord. Pa. M., 1865; 
 pastor Ist. Eng., Erie, Pa., 1865-71; Vandalia, Ill., 1871-72; Alliance, 
 O., 1872-82; Ligonier, Pa., 1882-92; Christ Ch, Pgh. Pa., 1892-06, 
 dir. Zelienople Orphans’ Home; ed. and pub. Hentz’s Hist. of the Luth. 
 Version of the Bible, 1910; m. Caroline Elizabeth Watson, Apr. 22, 1869- 
 children, Elizabeth R., Lewis W., Ralph, Stella G.; Mabel V.; she d. 
 May 1, 1924; he d. June 21, 1913. 
 
 SPIEKER, GEORGE FREDERICK, b. Elk Ridge Landing, Md., Nov. 17, 
 1844; s. Herman H. and Margaret E. (Dorges) S.; grad. Balto. City 
 Col., 1863; Gbg. Sem., 1863-64; act. prof. Gbg. Col., 1864-66; grad. 
 Mt. Airy Sem., 1867; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1887; LL.D., Thiel Col., 
 1911; ord. Pa. M., 1867; pastor, Kutztown, Pa., 1867-83; St. Michael’s, 
 Allentown, Pa., 1883-94; prof., Keystone State Nor. Sch., 1867-68; 
 prof., Muhlenberg Col., 1887-94; prof., Mt. Airy Sem., 1894-13; dir., 
 Muhlenberg Col.; co-ed. Ch. Messenger, Luth. Ch. Rev., 1883-85; Doc- 
 umentary Hist. Pa. M., 1898; co-tr. Hutter’s Compend of Theo., 1868; 
 tr. Wildenhahn’s Life of Luther, 1882; author, Commentary on II Cor, 
 
 433 
 
1864 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1897; m. Hannah Hoch, Oct. 12, 1869; children, Chas. G., Fred. W., 
 Geo. H., Margaret; d. Sept. 7, 1913. 
 
 STECK, WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, b. Hughesville, Pa, Aug. 4, 
 1838; s. John and Sarah S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1863; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1865; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1865; ord. same, 1866; pastor, Columbia, Pa., 
 1865-70; Kansas City, Mo., 1870-74; Ardmore, Pa., 1874-90; Coates- 
 ville, Pa., 1890-02; member 14th. Pa. Militia, 1862, and Co. A (Col. 
 Co.), 26th. Pa. Militia, 1863; unmarried; d. Apr. 20, 1903. 
 
 WOLF, EDMUND JACOB. See Faculty, page 320. 
 
 1864 
 
 FLECKENSTEIN, EMELIUS JULIUS, b. Wickenrode, Hesse, Ger., Feb. 
 2, 1836; emigrated, 1847; Gbg. Col., 1856-61; Gbg. Sem., 1864-65; grad. 
 Mt. Airy Sem., 1866; ord. Pa. M., 1866; pastorates, Somneytown, Pa., 
 North East, Pa. (subsequently in Mo. Syn.), Providence, R. L, Alex- 
 andria, Va., Accident, Md., Whitehall, Pa., Blenheim, Md., Saratoga 
 Springs, N. Y.; 8 children; d. July 30, 1910. 
 
 FRANCIS, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS KOCH, b. Amityville, Pa. Apr. 14, 
 1837; s. Saml. and Catherine F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; Union Sem.; 
 entered, Gbg. Sem., Jan. 19, 1864, senior; D.D., Muhlenberg Col., 1906; 
 ord. Pa. M., 1864; pastor, Trinity, Phila., 1861-66, 1867-14, and emeritus 
 until ’21; York Springs, Pa., 1866-67; m. Mrs. Margaret A. (Getty) 
 Wemmer, Jan. 17, 1866; children, Elizabeth, Martha; d. Mar. 22, 1921. 
 
 JACOBS, HENRY EYSTER, b. Gettysburg, Pa., Nov. 10, 1844; s. Michael 
 and Julianna M. (Eyster) J.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1862; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1865; D.D., Thiel Col., 1877; LL.D., same, 1890; S. T. D., Muhlenberg 
 Col., 1913; lic. Pb. Syn., 1866; ord. Pb. C. Syn., 1868; pastor, Spring- 
 dale, Pa., 1867-68; Monaca, Pa., 1868-70; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1864-65; 
 prof., Gbg. Col., 1870-83; prof., Mt. Airy Sem., 1883- ; sec. faculty, 
 1884-94; dean, 1894-1921; pres. 1921- ; principal, Thiel Hall (Col.), 
 1868-70; ed. Luth. Ch. Rev., 1883-95; ed. writer Luth., 1883-95; co-ed. 
 The Workman; member Christian Commission, 1864; author numerous 
 works, see principal list in Luth. Sem. (Phila.) Record; member nu- 
 merous bds. and coms.; m. Laura H. Downing, July 3, 1872; children, 
 E. Anna, Chas. M., Henry D., Laura W., Marguerite E.; res. Phila. 
 
 KUHN, DAVID AUGUSTUS, b. Thurmont, Md., Nov. 25, 1837; s. Joseph 
 and Sarah K.; grad. Sus. U.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1866; lic. Mel. Syn, 
 1866; ord. same, 1867; pastor, Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 1866-68; Nevada, 
 
 434 
 
ALUMNI 1865 
 
 O., 1868-77; Wapakoneta, O., 1877-81; Edinburg, Ind., 1881-89; Cicero, 
 Ind., 1889-91; N. Manchester, Ind., 1891-96; Middlebury, Ind., 1896- 
 1900; Monroeville, Ind., 1902-05; Corunna, Ind., 1906-10; m. Catherine 
 Wattles, May 29, 1867; present res. N. Manchester, Ind.; 4 children; 
 d. Feb. 5, 1913. 
 
 PRITCHARD, THOMAS CHARLES, b. in England, Sept. 25, 1840; s. 
 Wm. and Leah P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1864; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1866; ord. 
 E. Pa. Syn., 1866; pastor, Port Royal, Pa., 1866-68; Mechanicsburg, 
 Pa., 1868-71; Barren Hill, Pa., 1871-83; Phillipsburg, N. J., 1883-10; 
 member Co. A (Col. Co.), 26th. Pa. Militia, 1863; member bd. pub. 
 G. S.; dir. pub. schs., Montgomery Co., Pa., 1877-79; dir. pub. schs., 
 Warren Co., N. J.; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Lydia J. Swope, June 23, 1866; 
 she d. July, 1911; he d. June 8, 1910. 
 
 YEISER, ALFRED, b. Lebanon Co., Pa., Sept. 18, 1841; Gbg. Col., 1859- 
 63; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1866; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1866; pastor, Schuylkill 
 Haven, Pa., 1866-76; m. Mary C. Deibert, May 7, 1868; 2 children; 
 d. Feb. 29, 1876. 
 
 1865 
 
 BOYER, MATTHEW GARNER, b. Marklesburg, Pa., Mar. 10, 1839; s. 
 Henry and Susan (Garner) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1865; Gbg. Sem., 1865- 
 66; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1894; lic. Al. Syn., 1866; ord. Kan. Syn., 1869; 
 pastor, Marklesburg, Pa., 1866-68, 1875-96; Atchinson, Kas., 1868-71; 
 Newry, Pa., 1871-75; W. Sandlake, N. Y., 1896-01; New Haven, Conn., 
 1901-03; supply, Phila., 1903-12; ret., 1912; advisory pastor, Unity, 
 Chicago, 1912- ; trustee, Tressler Orphans’ Home; dir., Gbg. Sem.; 
 laid cornerstone of new Sem. bldg.; trustee, Gbg. Col., 18 yrs.; mem- 
 ber Co. A (Col. Co.), 26th. Pa. Mil., 1863; m. Martha Logan Stauffer, 
 Oct. 20, 1866; children, Henry S., Chas. H., Merle S., Mary S., John 
 B., 2 d. infancy; she d. Oct. 11, 1924; res, Chgo. 
 
 FREDERICK, GEORGE WASHINGTON, b. Shrewsbury, Pa. Apr. 4, 
 1837; s. Peter and Anna Mary (Kramer) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1863; 
 member Co. A (Col. Co.), 26th. Pa. Militia on staff of Gen. Couch, 
 1863; prin. pub. schs. Gbg., 1863-64; raised a co. of vols. and commis- 
 sioned 2nd. It. Co. G, 209th. Pa. Vol., Sept. 1, 1864, Ist. It. Sept. 2, 
 capt., Sept. 8, It. col., Sept. 17, and brevet col. of N. Y. Vols., Apr. 2, 
 1865, for gallantry in action at Fts. Stedman and Sedgwick, Va.; de- 
 tailed for duty in trial of conspirators and assassins of Pres. Lincoln; 
 Gbg. Sem., 1865-66; lic. Pb. Syn., 1866; ord. Pb. C. Syn., 1868; pastor, 
 Zelienople, Pa., 1866-67; Christ Ch., Chestnut Hill, Phila., 1867-72; 
 mgr. Luth. Book Store, Phila., 1872-98; pub. books and papers of G. C., 
 
 435 
 
1865 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1872-98; m. Lavina Anna Culp, Jan. 18, 1865; m. Rebecca C. Hinkle 
 Apr. 27, 1871; children, Mrs. A. M. Leibensperger, Mrs. M. B. 
 Schmoyer, 1 d. infancy; d. Apr. 10, 1904. 
 
 GRIFFITH, JOSEPH G., b. Bucks Co., Pa., Feb. 11, 1839; Gbg. Col., 1863- 
 65; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1867; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1867; ord. Sus. Syn., 1868; 
 pastor, Williamsport, Pa., 1867-73, 1899-03; Clermont, N. Y., 1873-75; 
 Chatham, N. Y., 1875-76; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1876-81; Oriole, Pa., 1882- 
 84; Ramsey, N. J., 1884-86; Auburn, Neb., 1886-90; St. Mark’s, Omaha, 
 Neb., 1890-92; Lawrence, Kas., 1893-97; Montoursville, Pa., 1897-c99; 
 trustee, Midland Col., 1887-97; member Co. D, 31st. Pa. Militia, 1863; 
 D.D., Midland Col., 1904; m. Clara M. Lewars, Feb. 1, 1872; no chil- 
 dren; d. Dec. 11, 1907. 
 
 HYMAN, SAMUEL B., b. Amherst Co., Va., July 11, 1840; Roanoke Col.; 
 enlisted in Army of Va., Apr., 1861, captured about Nov., 1863, took 
 oath of allegiance, Mar. 28, 1864; stud. theo. with J. G. Butler, 1864-65; 
 Gbg. Sem., 1865-66; lic. O. B. Syn., 1866; ord. same, 1867; pastor, Nel- 
 son and Bullitt Cos., Ky., 1866-69; Camden, Ind., 1869-70; Boone Co., 
 Ky., 1870; to M. E. Ch. South and served Warsaw, Ky., 1870; retd. 
 to Luth. Ch., 1870, and served Lisbon, Ia., Jeffersontown, Ky., Oregon, 
 Ill., Lyons Sta., Ind., Springfield, O., Lawrence and Leavenworth, Kas.; 
 dismissed by Kas. Syn., Sept. 7, 1889, to W. Wisc. conf. M. E. Ch.; 
 in Ark., 1901. 
 
 KOLLER, JESSE C., b. Glen Rock, Pa., Oct. 24, 1839; s. Henry and 
 Anna M. K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1865; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1867; D.D., Gbg. 
 Col., 1886; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1867; ord. same, 1868; pastor, Glen Rock, 
 Pa., 1867-77; St. Matt., Hanover, Pa., 1877-06; corp. Co. A (Col. Co.), 
 26th. Pa. Militia, 1863; dir. Gbg. Sem.; member bds. Home Miss. and 
 pub. G. S.; m. Alice G. Heathcote, June 1, 1869; d. Apr. 15, 1907. 
 
 McKNIGHT, HARVEY WASHINGTON, b. McKnightstown, Pa., Apr. 3, 
 1843; s. Thos. and Margaret F. McK.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1865; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1867; D.D., Monmouth Col., 1883; LL.D., Lafayette Col., 
 1889; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1867; ord. same, 1868; pastor, Newville, Pa., 
 1867-70; St. Paul’s, Easton, Pa., 1872-80; Ist. Eng., Cincinnati, O., 1880- 
 84; Trinity, Hagerstown, Md., 1884; Ist. sgt. and 2nd. It. Co. B, 138th. 
 Pa. Vol., 1862; Adj. Co. A (Col. Co.), 26th. Pa. Militia, 1863; capt. 
 Co. D, 210th. Pa. Vol., 1864-65; pres. Gbg. Col., 1884-04; act. prof., 
 Gbg. Col., 1904-06; dir. Gbg. Col., f. 1878; dir. Wit. Col., 1882-84; pres., 
 G. S., 1889-91; co-founder Pa. Chautauqua, Mt. Gretna, Pa.; dir. Gbg. 
 Battlefield Mem. Assn., 1888-95; vice pres., Ev. Alliance of U. S.; mem- 
 
 436 
 
ALUMNI 1866 
 
 ber numerous socs.; dir. W. Md. R. R., 1894-05; m. Mary K. Welty, 
 Noy. 12, 1867; children, Mrs. Luther DeYoe, Mrs. Luther S. Black; d. 
 May 29, 1914. 
 
 NEFF, ISAAC P., b. Penn’s Valley, Pa. Jan. 24, 1833; s. John and 
 Catherine N.; M.D., Jefferson Med. Col., 1859; practiced med., Penns 
 Valley, Pa., 1859-65; Gbg. Sem., 1865-67; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1867; ord. 
 Sus. Syn., 1868; pastor, Liberty Chge., Tioga Co., Pa., 1868-73; Mon- 
 toursville, Pa., 1873-79; Minersville, Pa., 1880-81; Shenandoah, Pa., 
 1881-83, 1894-95; Blain, Pa., 1883-91; Middleburg, Pa., 1891-94; Mil- 
 roy, Pa., 1895-98; Knoxdale, Pa., 1898-02; Ist. wife, Mary Jane, d. 
 Jan. 26, 1893; 3 children; m. Anna Linda Swartzell, June 15, 1899; he 
 d) Oct. 25.) 1921. 
 
 1866 
 
 BILLHEIMER, THOMAS CHARLES. See Faculty, page 328. 
 
 COOK, HERMAN SIDNEY, b. Altenwald, Pa., July 16, 1845; s. Adam 
 and Eleanor (Harmony) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1866; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1869; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1868; ord. Wit. Syn., 1869; pastor, Newton, Ia., 
 1869-76; Lionville, Pa., 1877-82; Messiah, Harrisburg, Pa., 1882-88; 
 Waynesboro, Pa., 1888-99; St. Paul’s, Hanover, Pa., 1899-04; miss. 
 work, Phila., Pa., 1904-08; Ambler, Pa., 1908-22; rt., 1922; member bd. 
 publication, G. S.; member Co. A, 26th. Pa. Militia, 1863; m. Celia 
 Failor, Apr. 20, 1871; children, Elizabeth E., Mary L., Ernest F.; res. 
 Wilmington, Del. 
 
 GROSSMAN, HENRY CLAY, b. Bucks Co., Pa., Aug. 19, 1833; Gbg. Col., 
 1859-62; sgt. maj. and Ist. It. cmdg. Co. B, 138th. Pa. Vol., 1862-65; 
 wounded, left arm, Battle of the Wilderness; Gbg. Sem., 1866-67; A.M., 
 Gbg. Col., 1890; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1867; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1868; pastor- 
 ates numerous, largely miss. work in Pa. D. C., Mich., Ind., Ill, O., 
 Ala., S. C.; trustee, Carthage Col.; ed. Temperance Leader and At- 
 talla, Ala., Mirror; m. Mary Agnes Maize, Jan. 19, 1865; 2 children; 
 she d. Sept. 21, 1868; m. Ella Woellner, June 16, 1880; he d. Apr. 
 11, 1916. . 
 
 HEDGES, SHADRACH ABRAM, b. nr. Middletown, Md., Oct. 31, 1835; 
 s. Shadrach and Mary M. (Miller) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1863; prin., 
 Middletown, Md., Acad., 1863-66; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1869; ord. Md. Syn., 
 1868; pastor, New Bloomfield, Pa., 1869-72; York Springs, Pa., 1872- 
 77; Utica, Md., 1877-83; St. Paul’s, Newville, Pa., 1883-86; Jefferson, 
 Md., 1886-1900; Pleasant Hill, Md., 1902-25; rt. 1900, res. Middletown, 
 Md.; m. Mary Elizabeth Hill, May 20, 1868; children, Stella H., Frank 
 H.; she d. Mar., 1902; he died Oct. 25, 1925. 
 
 437 
 
1867 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 HEILIG, CHARLES ADOLPHUS, b. Abbottstown, Pa., Mar. 7, 1845; s. 
 Wm. M. and Mary B. (Carl) H.; A:B., Gbg. Col., 1864; member signal 
 corps, U. S. A., 1864; clerk in Mercantile Lib., Balto., and pursuing 
 studies under dir. of faculty, 1866-67; not lic.; unmarried; d. Garacas, 
 Venezuela, May 30, 1870. 
 
 HESSON, ANDREW JACKSON, b. Adams Co., Pa., Jan. 24, 1839; s. Wm. 
 and Catharine (Aahn) H.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1865; Gbg. Sem., 1866-67; 
 lic. Mia. Syn., 1867; pastor, Topeka, Kas., 1867-71; Mercersburg, 1871- 
 79; Peabody, Kas., 1880-83; Atchison, Kas., 1884-86; Chicago, Ill, 1902- 
 08; farming, 1886-02; rt., 1908; m. Mary A. Mentger, Mar. 9, 1871; 
 children, Wm., Chas., Frank, John, Luther, Mary; res. Chgo., Ill. 
 
 SETTLEMEYER, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Wilmore, Pa., Mar. 8, 1838; s. 
 Geo. and Susannah (Shinefelt) S.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1866; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1869; lic. Al. Syn., 1869; ord. same, 1870; pastor N. Liberty, Ia., 
 1870-73; Wilmore, Pa., 1874-78; Jefferson, Md., 1878-86; Staunton, Va., 
 1886-88 ; Rockwood, Pa., 1888-93; Friend’s Cove, Pa., 1893-96; Idaville, 
 Pa., 1896-99; ret., 1899; m. Margaret Beckwith, Sept. 27, 1876; no 
 children; she d. Sept. 20, 1922; he d. Jan. 16, 1925. 
 
 STAUFFER, SAMUEL S., b. Hollidaysburg, Pa., Nov. 17, 1842; s. Jona- 
 than and Mary M. S.; Gbg. Col., 1860-62, 1863-66; member Bat. C, Ist. 
 reserves Lt. Art., 1862-63; lic. Al. Syn., 1867; ord. same, 1869; pas- 
 tor, Luthersburg, Pa., 1867-69; Sunbury, Pa., 1869-73; Licking, Pa., 
 1873-75; Piedmont, W. Va., 1875-77; Jenners Chge., Somerset Co., Pa., 
 1877-82; Donegal, Pa., 1882-89; Fayette Co., Pa., 1889-01; Unionville, 
 Ont., 1901-05; Hampstead, Md., 1906-08; Accident, Md., 1908-10; m. 
 E. A. Wick and later Edith M. Morrison; children, Edgar H., John M., 
 Wm., Mary A., 3 d.; d. Mar. 13, 1922. 
 
 1867 
 
 WAAGE, OSWIN F., b. Montgomery Co., Pa., Feb. 4, 1845; s. Fred. and 
 Angela (Garber) W.; stud. with Rev. Mr. Horne; Gbg. Sem., 1866-68; 
 ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1868; asst. and pastor, Red Hill, Pa., 1868-18, and 
 emeritus until 1919; m. Hannah Young, June 19, 1869; s. Fred C.; d. 
 Aug. 7, 1919. 
 
 BIKLE, PHILIP MELANCHTHON, b. Smithsburg, Md., Dec. 1, 1844; s. 
 Christian and Barbara (Fichte) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1866; prof., York 
 Co. Acad., 1866-67; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1869; ord. N. C. Syn., 1869; prof., 
 N. C. Col., 1869-70; vice-prin., Luthersville Female Sem., 1870-73; stud. 
 Dartmouth Col., 1873-74; prof., Gbg. Col., 1874-24, and emeritus prof., 
 
 438 
 
ALUMNI 1868 
 
 1924- ; dean, Gbg. Col., 1889-24; assoc. ed. Luth. Quarterly, 1880-92, 
 and ed. same, 1892-1907; founder & ed. Pa. Col. Monthly, 1877-94; Mem. 
 Am. Philo, Assn.; Ph.D., Roanoke Col., 1884; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1914; m. 
 Annie M. Wattles, Dec. 28, 1868; s. Horace, W.; she d. July 8, 1872; 
 m. Emma J. Wolf, Jan. 2, 1877; children, Henry W., Paul H., Philip 
 R.; she d. Nov. 27, 1918; res. Gbg. 
 
 CARNELL, SIMON P., b. in Va.; served nearly four years in Union 
 Army during Civil War; Ill. State U.; Gbg. Sem., 1867-68; ord. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1868; miss. to Africa; d. May 4, 1870. 
 
 COOK, JOHN J. Grad. Ill. State U.; Gbg. Sem., 1867-69; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1868; ord. N. Ind. Syn., 1869; pastor, Wabash, Ind., 1869-71; 
 Macon, IIl., 1871-72; dismissed to La Gro, Ind., Presby., Oct. 19, 1872; 
 res, unknown. 
 
 HARKEY, JAMES SIDNEY, b. Frederick, Md., May 23, 1845; Ill. State 
 U.; Gbg. Sem., 1867-69; ord. C. Ill. Syn., 1869; pastorates, Quincy, 
 Pa., Somerset, Pa., Valatie, N. Y., Middleburgh, N. Y.; m. Addie N. 
 Yount, May 4, 1869; 5 children; she d. Oct. 13, 1898; he d. July 20, 1900. 
 
 PARSON, WILLIAM EDWIN, b. Muncy, Pa., Oct. 18, 1845; s. Geo. and 
 Mary (Gilbert) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1867; Gbg. Sem., 1867-69; D.D., 
 Gbg. Col., 1889; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1869; ord. same, 1870; pastor, Washn., 
 1869-72, 1879-05; sec. Japanese Embassy during tour, 1872-73; prof., 
 Howard U., 1873-74; prof., Tokio U., 1874-78; member Co. A (Col. 
 Co.), 26th. Pa. Militia, 1863; decorated with Order of the Rising Sun 
 by Japanese Emperor; member many bds. and coms.; author, Argument 
 for the Existence of God, pub. in Japan: Bio. of Saml. B. Barnitz, 
 1905; m. Anna Rebecca Naille, Aug. 18, 1874; children, Geo. I., Artley 
 B., Donald, Eric, Kenneth, John; d. Dec. 19, 1905. 
 
 1868 
 
 CONRADI, FREDERICK ADOLPH, b. Wooster, O., July 22, 1846; s. 
 Phillip J. and Anna M. (Sprung) C.; Waukegan, IIl., Sem.; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1871; ord. C. Ill. Syn., 1871; pastor, Beardstown, IIl., 1871-73; 
 Ist, Oswego, N. Y., 1873-77; Bridgeton, N. J., 1877-80; 1st U. E., 
 Balto., 1880-1900; M.D., U. of Balto., 1884; practiced med. Balto., 1900- 
 15; m. Wilhelmina Petronella F. Abele, July 18, 1871; her pres. res., 
 Balto.; 9 children; d. July 21, 1915. 
 
 DIENER, JOHN FRANKLIN, b. Newville, Pa., Dec. 14, 1845; Gbg. Col., 
 1864-68; Gbg. Sem., 1868-70; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1870; ord. same, 1871; 
 pastor, Uniontown, Md., 1870-72; New Germantown, Pa., 1872-78; Cat- 
 
 439 
 
1868 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 awissa, Pa., 1879-83; united with Presby. Ch., 1884, and pastor, Dick- 
 inson, Pa., 1883-85; Schellsburg, Pa., 1885-90; Upper Tuscarora, Pa., 
 1890-c15; m. Jennie High, 1869; 5 children; d. Feb. 9, 1918. 
 
 FINCKEL, SAMUEL GOODMAN, b. Cumberland, Md., Feb. 23, 1845; s. 
 Saml. D. and Harriet (Keller) F.; Gbg. Col., 1865-68; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1871; lic. Md. Syn., 1870; ord. same, 1871; pastor, Rhinebeck, N. Y., 
 1871-78; Taneytown, Md., 1873-83; Wilkes-Barre, Pa., 1883-84; Hartle- 
 ton, Pa., 1884-89; Lansingburg, N. Y., 1889-1900; Quartermaster’s Dept., 
 Washn., 1861-65; m. Nellie Elseffer, Oct. 16, 1872; children, Mrs. J. S. 
 Ten Eyck, Samuel E. E.; d. Mar. 10, 1900. 
 
 HARTMAN, AARON STEWART, b. Adams Co., Pa., Dec. 19, 1845; s. 
 Moses and Elizabeth (Rebert) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col, 1868; Gbg. Sem., 
 1868-69; grad. Union Sem., 1871; lic. N. Y. Syn., 1870; ord. same, 1871; 
 pastor, Ghent, N. Y., 1871-73; St. Matt., Brooklyn, N. Y., 1873-75; Ist., 
 Chambersburg, Pa., 1875-89; gen. sec. bd. Home Miss. G. S., 1889-15; 
 asst. sec. Home Miss. bd. Home Miss. & Ch. Ext. G. S., 1915-18; ed. 
 sec. bd. Home Miss. & Ch. Ext. U.L.C., 1918- ; assoc. ed. Luth. Miss. 
 Jour., 1889-15; D.D., Wit. Col.; trustee, Tressler Orphanage, 21 yrs.; 
 m, Julia Catherine Hollinger, June 7, 1871; children, Robt. N., 
 Beulah A., Julia L., Herbert H.; she d. Sept. 3, 1879; m. Emma J. 
 Rowe, June 6, 1881; children, Anabel E., Ralph S.; res. Balto. 
 
 HEILMAN, LEE MECHLING, b. Kittanning, Pa., Mar. 11, 1846; s. Isaac 
 and Hannah H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1868; grad. Sem., 1871; D.D., Carth- 
 age Col., 1890; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1870; ord. C. Ill. Syn., 1871; pastor, 
 Springfield, Ill., 1871-73; 2nd., Harrisburg, Pa., 1873-81; organized and 
 pastor of Ist G. S. ch. in Chicago, now Grace Ch., meeting for many 
 Sundays in a beer hall, 1882-95; memorial, Harrisburg, Pa., 1895-97; 
 dir. Tressler Orphans’ Home; member Bd. Home Miss. G. S., 1881-97; 
 chairman Luth. Cong. during World’s Parl. of Rels.; m. Laura F. 
 Humes, Jan. 31, 1872; author, Hist. 2nd Luth. Ch., Harrisburg, 1876; 
 Hist. Tressler Orphans’ Home: Hist. N. Ill. Syn.: Christian Nurture 
 in the Luth. Ch. and Home; d. Mar. 10, 1897. 
 
 KUTZ, HENRY D. Had been member of Ger. Ref. and Baptist Chs. and 
 stud. at Bucknell U.; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1868; ord. same, 1870; pastor, 
 Shoops, near Harrisburg, Pa., 1869-71; to Cong. Ch. at Findlay, O., 1875. 
 
 LIPE, LUTHER L., b. Montgomery, Ill, Oct. 17, 1845; s. Danl. and 
 Matilda L.; Gbg. Col., 1867-68; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1871; lic. N. Ill. Syn., 
 1870; ord. same, 1871; pastor, Mt. Morris, Ill., Dixon, IIl., Lincoln, 
 
 440 
 
ALUMNI 1869 
 
 Neb., West Point, Neb., Sharon, Wis., Grand Island, Neb.; m. Flora 
 Stager, Nov. 6, 1872; children, John, Olive; res. Sharon, Wis.; d. May 
 13, 1925. 
 
 MACKENZIE, DAVID LEMUEL, b. nr. Duncannon, Pa., Nov. 11, 1838; 
 s. John and Nancy M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1868; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1871; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1870; ord. same, 1871; pastor, Frostburg, Md., 1871- 
 78; Van Wert, O., 1878-82; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1882-85; Sioux City, Ia., 
 1885-94; Indianapolis, Ind., 1894-97; Lykens, Pa., 1897-05; member Co. 
 B, 138th. Pa. Col., 1862-65, com. Ist. It., 1864; m. Mary Louisa Stoever, 
 Jan. 3, 1872; children, Chas. P., David D., Luther W.; d. Oct. 28, 1906. 
 
 RICHARD, JAMES WILLIAM. See Faculty, page 325. 
 
 WILSON, GEORGE W., b. c1834; lic. N. Ind. Syn., 1859; ord. same 1861; 
 spec. stud. Gbg. Sem.; pastor, N. Manchester, Ind., 1860-1871; united 
 
 with Presby. Ch., 1871; at Warsaw, Ind., 1871-77, and Cassopolis, Ind., 
 1878; d. May 29, 1878. 
 
 1869 
 
 BREIDENBAUGH, EDWARD SWOYER, b. Newville, Pa., Jan. 14, 1849; 
 s. Edward and C. Elizabeth (Swoyer) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1868; tutor, 
 Gbg. Col., 1868-69; Gbg. Sem., 1869-71; Yale U., 1871-73; ScD., Gbg. 
 Col., 1887; instr., Yale U., 1872-73; prof., Carthage Col., 1873; prof. 
 Gbg. Col., 1874-1924 and emeritus, 1924- ; mineralogist to State Bd. 
 Agriculture, 1880- ; contr. to various scientific jours.; m. Ida Kitz- 
 miller, Nov. 20, 1873; children, Edna, Annie L., Mary J. I.; res. Gbg. 
 
 CLARE, RICHARD HENRY, b. Albany, N. Y., Mar. 5, 1847; grad. Ft. 
 Edward Inst.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1872; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1905; lic. N. Y. 
 Syn., 1871; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1872; pastor, Blain, Pa., 1872-73; 
 Bridgeton, N. J., 1873-76; 2nd., Chambersburg, Pa., 1876-82; Hamilton, 
 Pa., 1882-92; Abbottstown, Pa., 1892-08; m. Lydia Catherine Ziegler, 
 July 4, 1872; children, H. E., R. D., Martin L.; Mary C., Milo R.; she 
 d. Apr. 12, 1915; he d. Feb. 14, 1908. , 
 
 CLUTZ, JACOB ABRAHAM. See Faculty, page 334. 
 
 CRESSLER, JOSIAH FREDERICK, b. Franklin Co., Pa., May 11, 1845; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1869; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1872; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1871; 
 ord. same, 1872; pastor, Apollo, Pa., 1872-75; Millerstown, Pa., 1876-79; 
 Minerva, O., 1879-82; Breababeen, N. Y., 1882-90; Lisbon, Ia., 1890-97; 
 Lekanah, Neb., 1897-99 ; Rising City, Neb., 1899-03; Cambria, Kas., 1903- 
 
 44] 
 
1869 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 06; m. Emma Victoria Hartman, Jan. 5, 1875; children, Olin H., Ed. 
 P., Mrs. Otto F. Hansen; d. June 12, 1917. 
 
 EVERETT, THOMAS THOMPSON, b. Peekskill, N. Y., s. Richard J. E.; 
 Mohawk Valley Sem.; journalist with N. Y. Express, Sun and Journal 
 of Commerce, Pgh. Pa., Dispatch and Commercial; Gbg. Sem., 1869-71; 
 D.D., W. & L. U., 1881; pastor, Greencastle, Pa., 1871-72; Red Hook, 
 N. Y., 1872-74; Dayton, O., 1874-77; Messiah, Harrisburg, Pa., 1888-90; 
 Brooklyn, N. Y., 1890-93; Cobleskill, N. Y., 1893-98; Zion, York, Pa., 
 1898-14; M. E. Chs. in Phila., 1877-83; trustee, Wit. Col.; sec. to Gov. 
 of Pa., 1883-87; m.; d. Aug. 25, 1914. 
 
 FINKBINDER, JOHN WILLIAM, b. Vincent, Pa., July 4, 1843; s. Jacob 
 and Margaret (Rambo) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1869; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1872; D.D., Sus, U., 1899; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1871; ord. same, 1872; 
 pastor, Middletown, Pa., 1873-83; Cumberland, Md., 1883-94; Colorado 
 Springs, Col., 1894-07; Miss. supt. R. M. Syn., 1908-20; corp. 194th. Pa. 
 Militia, 1864, and member Co. A (Col. Co.), 26th. Pa. Militia, 1863; 
 trustee, Midland Col., 1901-02; member Col. Bd. of Lunacy Commis- 
 sioners, 1907-13; m. Martha Eveline Hamilton, May 29, 1873; 3 s., 
 B. H., R. R., N. M.; she d. Feb. 26, 1923; he d. July 11, 1923. 
 
 GRAEFF, PHILIP, f. Balto.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1873; lic. Md. Syn., 1872; ord. same, 1873; pastor, Washn., 1873-77; 
 Springfield, Ill., 1877-80; Lockport, N. Y., 1880-82; Athens, N. Y., 
 1882-85; Mifflintown, Pa., 1885-90; Ist. Eng., Oakland, Cal., 1890-94; 
 to Free Will Baptist Ch., Oakland, Calif., 1896, and d. few yrs. later. 
 
 HARPSTER, JOHN HENRY, b. Center Hall, Pa., Apr. 27, 1844; s. Geo. 
 and Frances H.; Sus. U.; Gbg. Sem., 1869-71; stud. med. U. of Md.; 
 D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1893; ord. Md. Syn., 1871; miss. to India, 1871- 
 76, 1893-09; pastor, Ellsworth, Kas., 1879; Hays City, Kas., 1879-82; 
 Trenton, N. J., 1882-84; Canton, O., 1884-93; capt. in 2nd. Corps, Army 
 of the Potomac and twice wounded; m. M. Julia Jacobs, Aug. 1, 1882; 
 d. Feb. 1, 1911. 
 
 HEINDEL, WILLIAM SAILOR, b. York Co., Pa., Jan. 26, 1846; s. Peter 
 B. and Catherine H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1869; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1872; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1871; refused ord.; lic. by Phila. Presby.; pastor, St. Jas., 
 Gbg., Pa., 1872; served Presby. Chs. at Marion, Ky., and Mt. Carmel, 
 O.; agt. Home of Little Wanderers, Phila., 1872-73; m. Ella ah set 
 Aug. 3, 1873; s. Norman; d. July 1, 1877. 
 
 442 
 
ALUMNI 1870 
 
 HEISLER, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Pottsville, Pa., Nov. 9, 1846; s. W. L. 
 and Sarah H. (Kurtz) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1869; Gbg. Sem., 1869-70; 
 lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1870; ord. same, 1871; pastor, Duncannon, Pa., 1870- 
 71; Hughesville, Pa., 1871-79; Mt. Carmel, IIl., 1879-80; Blain, Pa., 
 1882-83; Lykens, Pa., 1883-86; Dauphin, Pa., 1886-1911; prin. Burketts- 
 ville Female Sem., 1880-82; m. Sarah Elizabeth Senseman, Jan. 24, 1871; 
 children, Mary C., Florence A., Helen, Margaret; she d. Jan. 2, 1884; 
 m. Frances E. Hay, Feb. 10, 1885; no children; she d. Feb. 28, 1920; 
 insurance and rent-collector, 1911-24; he d. Sept. 4, 1924. 
 
 HEMPERLY, FRANCIS HENRY, b. Orleans, N. Y., May 6, 1843; s. Geo. 
 W. and Elizabeth (Van Coughnet) H.; Sus. U., 1868-69; Gbg. Col. and 
 Sem., 1869-70; united with Swedenborgian Ch. and pastor, 1871-79; 
 with U. Security Life Ins. and Trust Co., 1885-24; m. Mary Ann Engel, 
 June 15, 1871; no children; her res. Cobleskill, N. Y.; he d. June 2, 1924. 
 
 KETTERMAN, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Stovertown, Pa., Mar. 26, 1842; 
 s. Geo. and Mary (Bush) K.; Gbg. Col., 1866-69; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1872; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1871; ord. same, 1872; pastor, Stone Ch., York Co., 
 Pa., 1872-79; Star View, Pa., 1879-16; m. Lydia Malinda Hamm, 1877; 
 children, Paul H., Geo., Danl., Anna, J. Bruce; d. Nov. 24, 1919. 
 
 SCHOEMPERLEN, GEORGE HENRY, b. Gebersheim, Wurtemberg, Ger., 
 Oct. 12, 1844; s. John S. and Maria (von Au) S.; arrived, N. Y., July 
 18, 1869; Gbg. Sem., 1869-70; ord., 1870; pastorates, West Webster, 
 N. Y., Arenzville, Ill, Towanda, N. Y., Fairview, N. Y., Zurich and 
 Humberstone, Ont., Greenwood, Mich., Friendship, Ind., Palmer and 
 Elkton, S. D., Renville and Fairfax, Minn., Ephraim, Wis., Kirkwood, 
 Mo.; m. Minna Kruse, Aug. 1, 1872; 9 children; she d. Apr. 20, 1915; 
 he d. Dec. 30, 1921. 
 
 1870 
 
 CRONHOLM, NEANDER NICOLAUS, b. in Sweden, Nov. 19, 1845; s. 
 N. P. G. and Elizabeth C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Ggb. Sem., 
 1873; Ph.D., Yale, 1875; LL.B., U. of the City of N. Y., 1876; prac- 
 ticed law, N. Y. City, 1876-78, and Chicago, Ill., 1878-22; member N. 
 Jurists Assn., of Sweden; author, Hist. of Sweden, 1902; m. Guliaelma 
 Maria Penn Frazee, June 6, 1878; d. Dec., 1922. 
 
 DAHLEEN, JOHN AUGUSTUS, f. nr. Christiana, Sweden; pastor Boston, 
 Mass., 1873-81; probably ret. to Sweden. 
 
 FASTNACHT, ABRAHAM G., b. nr. Ephrata, Pa., June 30, 1845; s. Jehn 
 and Mattie (Cockley) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1870; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1873; 
 
 443 
 
1870 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1902; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1872; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1873; 
 pastor, Mt. Holly Springs, Pa., 1873-75; Union, York, Pa., 1877-03; 
 Salem, Dover, Pa., 1905-16; rt., 1916; dir., Gbg. Sem.; trustee, Tress- 
 ler Orphanage; member, Home Miss. Bd. G. S.; trustee, York Co. 
 Acad.; present, pastor emeritus Union, York, Pa.; m. Mary Emelie 
 Warren, June 10, 1873; children, Allie E., Warren E., Minnie M.; res., 
 York, Pa, 
 
 GLADHILL, JOHN TOMS, b. Myersville, Md., Dec. 2, 1846; s. Jas. S. 
 and Caroline (Miller) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1870; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1873; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1872; ord. N. Ill. Syn., 1873; pastor, Empire, Ill., 1873-75; 
 Conroy, O., 1875-78; Luthersburg, Pa., 1878-82; Smicksburg, Pa., 1882- 
 86; Newport, Pa., 1886-91; Jersey Shore, Pa., 1891-98; Conshohocken, 
 Pa., 1898-02; m. Nannie M. White, June 5, 1873; s. James; d. Jan. 12, 
 1902. 
 
 MANGES, EDMUND, b. nr. Buckstown, Pa., Jan. 25, 1842; s. Jos. and 
 Catharine (Geiger) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1870; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1873; 
 lic. Al. Syn., 1872; ord. same, 1873; pastor, Luthersburg, Pa., 1873-78; 
 Shrewsbury, Pa., 1878-81; Manchester, Md., 1881-85; Lavansville, Pa., 
 1885-92; Lebanon Chge., York Co., Pa., 1894-c03; Oakland, Md., 1903- 
 14; rt., 1914; 52nd. Pa. Vol., 1864-65; m. Margaret Whisker, June 22, 
 1872; children, Mary C., Lewis C., Willis F., Leah J., Corinna E., Mar- 
 garet A., Edmund L.; res., York, Pa. 
 
 MARTINIS, ALFRED, b. nr. Hampton, N. J., Dec. 20, 1843; s. Morris 
 and Mary A. (Derenberger) M.; sgt. Co. F, 202nd. Pa. Vol., 1864-65; 
 Hudson River Inst., 1863-64, 1865-66; Weaversville Acad., 1864; in 
 business, 1866-70; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1874; ord. N. Y. & N. J. Syn., 1874; 
 pastor, Maryland, N. Y., 1874-75; Knox, N. Y., 1875-78; Canton, IIl., 
 1878-82; Hastings, Neb., 1882-83; Coroles, Neb. (Cong.), 1883-85; 
 Canton, Ill. (Luth.), 1885-89; Irving, Ill, 1889-95; Middlebury, Ind., 
 1895-c96; Queen City, Mo., 1897-99; rt., 1899; m. Amanda E. Weaver, 
 Oct. 25, 1866; children, Herbert, Ernest, Mabel H., Harold D.; she d. 
 Jan. 6, 1926; res., Newport, Ky. 
 
 SEIDEL, WILLIAM CHRISTIAN, b. Klein Gladtbach Oberampt beingen, 
 Wuertemberg, Ger., Apr. 22, 1843; s. John and Barbarah (Wagner) S.; 
 emigrated, 1853; Mendota Col., 1866-70; special, Gbg. Col., 1870-72; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1873; D.D., Midland Col., 1907; lic. N. Ill. Syn., 1872; 
 ord. same, 1873; pastor, Davis, Ill., 1873-76; missionary in Kas., 1876- 
 c90; pastor, St. Paul’s, Carlisle, Pa., 1890-95; Cairo, Ill., 1895-97; St. 
 John’s, Knoxville, Tenn., 1899-c04; Dixon, Tenn., 1904-05; St. Paul’s, 
 Nashville, Tenn., 1905-09; member Co. A, 140th. Ill. Vol. Apr., 1864- 
 
 444 
 
ALUMNI ; 1871 
 
 Noy., 1864; trustee, Carthage Col., 1877-82; dir. Solomon Valley Rwy. 
 Co., 1878-82; m. Cassie Wolfersperger, Oct. 18, 1873; no children; rt., 
 1909, res. Sterling, Ill.; engaged in tract work; d. Apr. 1, 1925. 
 
 TOMLINSON, JOSEPH ALEXANDER, b. Bedford, Pa., Mar. 28, 1842; 
 s. Joseph W. and Catherine T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1869; A.M., Gbg. Col., 
 1879; D.D., Washn. Col., 1900; Gbg. Sem., 1870-71; grad. Yale Div. 
 Sch., 1872; lic. Al. Syn., 1871; ord. same, 1872; pastor, Bellefonte, Pa., 
 1872-73; agt. for Luth. Pub. Soc., 1873-74; at Ghent, Pa., 1874-75; united 
 with Cong. Ch. and pastor, E. Haven, Ct., 1877-80; Westbrook, Ct., 
 1880-83; Longwood, Fla., 1884-87; Orlando, Fla., 1887-88; at Phila., 
 1888-10; m. M. M. Miller, Dec. 21, 1877; d. 1910. 
 
 TRAVER, WILLIAM EDWIN, b. Clinton, N. Y., Jan. 24, 1847; s. Martin 
 and Catherine T.; Hart. Sem., 1866-70; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1873; lic. N. 
 Y. and N. J. Syn., 1873; ord. same, 1874; pastor, W. Amsterdam, N. Y., 
 1873-78; Athens, N. Y., 1878-83; Orleans, 4 Corners, N. Y., 1883-86; 
 Ancram, N. Y., 1886-94; Germantown, N. Y., 1894-1919; Churchtown, 
 N. Y., 1919- ; m. Melissa Adelaide Love, Sept., 1873; dau. Gertrude 
 C. J.; she d. Nov. 14, 1911; m. Caroline Jane Niver, Apr. 8, 1922; res. 
 Churchtown, N. Y. 
 
 1871 
 
 BURGNER, JACOB B., b. Lebanon Co., Pa. Feb. 22, 1844; member Co. 
 C, 93rd. Pa. Vol. Inf., and later Co. D, 48th Pa. Vol. Inf., 1861-65; 
 L. V. Col.; Bucknell U.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1873; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1873; 
 pastor, Follmer, Pa., 1873-76; West Brookfield, O., 1876-84; Reeds- 
 burg, O., 1884-93; Greenford, O., 1893-98; dir. Wittenberg Col.; m. 
 Annie M. Ritter, Mar. 16, 1897; s. Byron R.; d. Sept. 24, 1904. 
 
 DETWEILER, JOHN SAMUEL, b. Middletown, Pa., May 3, 1846; ss. 
 Jacob and Caroline D.; member Co. D, 194th Pa. Militia, 1864; city 
 miss., Harrisburg, Pa., 1866-67; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; Gbg. Sem., 1871- 
 73; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1889; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. N. Ill. Syn., 
 1874; pastor, Oregon, IIl., 1873-75; Polo, Ill., 1876-79; Louisville, Ky., 
 1879-83 ; Kountze Mem., Omaha, Neb., 1884-95; Children’s Mem., Kan- 
 sas City, Mo., 1895-96; left Luth. Ch., 1896; evangelist and Bible 
 teacher, 1896-06; united with Baptist Ch., 1906, and pastor Calvary, 
 Louisville, Ky., 1906-09; 1st Hodgenville, Ky., 1909-15; pres., Carthage 
 Col., 1883-84; sec. G. S. and bd. education for several yrs.; trustee, 
 Midland Col.; m. Sarah Ellen German, June 26, 1873; her present res., 
 Tarrytown, N. Y.; children, John F., Chas. S., Fred. B., James E., Helen 
 C.; d. Oct. 8, 1922, 
 
 445 
 
1871 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 FOULK, DAVID Z., b. Gettysburg, Pa, Jan. 17, 1853; A.B., Gbg. Col. 
 1871; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1874; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. same, 1874; 
 pastor, Belleville, Pa., 1875-80; N. Fork, Neb., 1890-94; supply Som- 
 erset, Pa., 1881; York Springs, Pa., 1886-89; farmed near York Springs 
 several yrs.; unmarried; d. Aug. 8, 1915. 
 
 KAIN, WILLIAM HENRY, b. York Co., Pa, Jan. 4, 1848; s. John and 
 Susan (May) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; spec. stud. Gbg. Sem., 1871-72; 
 stud. law with John Gibson; admitted to the bar and practiced at York, 
 Pa., 1875-83; supt. schs., York Co., Pa., 1871-78; m. Clara M. Hay, 
 Mar. 1, 1876; 1 dau.; d. Feb. 3, 1883. 
 
 KAST, AUGUSTUS JACOB BABB, b. Cumberland Co., Pa, Nov. 6, 
 1845; s. John B. and Frances F. K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1874; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. same, 1874; pastor, Friend’s 
 Cove, Pa., 1874-78; Camden, Ind., 1878-79; Dixon, IIl., 1879-82; Prince- 
 ton, Ill., 1882-84; Massillon, O., 1885-90; Greenford, O., 1890-92; New- 
 comerstown, O., 1892-94; Central Bridge, N. Y., 1895-97; Shippen- 
 ville, Pa., 1899-02; Chicora, Pa., 1902-03; Berlin Center, O., 1904-07; 
 Washingtonville, O., 1907-10; Reedsburg, O., 1910-12; m. Margaret C. 
 Dabele, Sept. 12, 1877; children, Chas., Mrs. J. S. Miskima, Mrs. L. W. 
 Hartman; author, Hist. Mt. Zion Luth. Ch., Shippenville, Pa., 1902; d. 
 Dec. 18, 1916. 
 
 KNAPP, FREDERICK GEORGE, b. Adelsleben, Hanover, Ger., Feb. 14, 
 1845; s. Fred and Magdalena K.; arrived, Balto., Apr., 1847; com. sgt. 
 17th W. Va. Vols., 1864-65; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; d. June 26, 1873. 
 
 KOSER, DAVID THEODORE, b. near Shippensburg, Pa., Mar. 7, 1845; 
 s. Jacob and Mary (Deardorff) K.; stud. Sus. U. and Gbg. Col.; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1874; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1923; ord. Al. Syn., 1874; pastor, 
 Addison, Pa., 1874-77; Riegelsville, Pa., 1878-88; Arendtsville, Pa., 1888- 
 1924; m. Rachael Araminta Gelwicks, June 30, 1874; children, John G., 
 L. Grace; m. 2nd, Sarah E. (Littel) Peters, July 30, 1889; ret., 1924; 
 res., Gbg. 
 
 LILLY, WALTER HERMAN, b. Balto., Mar. 6, 1853; s. Aaron W. and 
 Margery (Herman) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1874; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. same, 1874; pastor, Bellefonte, Pa., 1874-76; 
 Abilene, Kas., 1876-77; Newton, Ia., 1877-78; Kansas City, Mo., 1880; 
 Eyota, Minn., 1880-82; Hillsboro, Ill., 1883-85; Nokomis, IIl., 1885-87; 
 Van Wert, O., 1887-90; merchant, Abilene, Kas., 1878-80; prin. schs., 
 Eyota, Minn., 1881-82; supt. schs., Van Wert, O., 1890-92; m. Almira 
 J. Smith, Mar. 16, 1881; 3 children; d. Sept. 6, 1892. 
 
 446 
 
ALUMNI 1872 
 
 PALMER, SAMUEL S., b. Greencastle, Pa., May 17, 1843; s. George and 
 Susan (Showalter) P.; pvt. Co. K, 126th Pa. Vol. Inf., 1862-64, and 
 sgt. 21st Pa. Cav., 1864-65; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1874; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1874; pastor, Pikeland, 
 Pa., 1874-75; Phoenixville, Pa., 1875-80; farmed in Kas. for many yrs.; 
 m. Henrietta C. Werner, Sept. 6, 1877; d. 1921. 
 
 ROWE, ADAM D., b. Clinton Co., Pa., Sept. 29, 1848; s. John B. and 
 Anna M. (Moyer) R.; grad. Kutztown Nor. Sch., 1868, Millersville 
 Nor. Sch., 1870; Gbg. Sem., 1871-73; supt. schs., Clinton Co., Pa., 
 1870-71; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. same, 1874; organized Children’s 
 Miss. Soc.; miss. to India, 1874-82; m. Mary E. Corson, June 10, 1873; 
 dau. Mabel; d. Sept. 16, 1882. 
 
 WAGNER, JOHN, b. Stone Church, Pa., Feb. 1, 1852; s. Reuben and 
 Lydia A. (Schooch) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1874; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1895; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. Sus. Syn., 1874; 
 organized and pastor, Trinity, Hazleton, Pa, 1874-1924, emeritus, 1924- ; 
 trustee, Gbg. Col., 1893- ; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1879-  ; trustee several yrs. 
 Irving Col.; dir., Bd. U. Charities, Hazleton, 1904- ; pres., Sus. Syn. 
 of C. Pa., 1924- ; m. Marry Ellen Schleppy, Sept. 9, 1880; children, 
 Helen M., Vera L., Paul S.; res., Hazleton. 
 
 1872 
 
 BAUM, JOHN CROLL, b. Middletown, Pa., Sept. 19, 1852; s. William 
 M. and Maria L. (Croll) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1875; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1874; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1875; pastor, 
 Trenton, N. J., 1875-81; Canajoharie, N. Y., 1881-82; dir. Gbg. Sem., 
 1877-82; unmarried; d. Oct. 26, 1886. 
 
 BREITENBACH, JOHN WILLIAM, b. Hamilton, O., Sept. 20, 1850; s. 
 Augustus and Marie (Karch) B.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1872; Gbg. Sem., 
 1872-73; grad. Wit. Sem. 1874; ord. E. O. Syn., 1875; pastor, Dover, 
 O., York Springs, Pa., Monongahela City, Pa., Freeport, Pa., Clinton, 
 Ia., Murphysboro, Ill.; m. Caroline Haines, Sept. 12, 1877; s. Roy W.; 
 her res., Chgo., Ill.; he d. Nov. 20, 1923. 
 
 BRUBAKER, JOHN, b. Berlin, Pa, Nov. 5, 1848; s. Alexander and 
 Drusilla (Heffley) B.; A.B., Gbg, Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1875; 
 D.D., Sus. U., 1902; lic. Al. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; pastor, Everett, 
 Pa., 1875-76; Nittany, Pa., 1884-89; Wrightsville, Pa., 1890-93; Schells- 
 burg, Pa., 1894-99; York Springs, Pa., 1900-01; E. Schodack, N. Y., 
 1901-05; Avis, Pa., 1908-09; Piedmont, W. Va., 1909-11; at Berlin, 
 
 447 
 
1872 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Pa., 1905-08; prof., Carthage Col., 1876-83; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Mary 
 L. Gilbert, Aug. 1, 1877; no children; she d. Apr. 28, 1894; m. Jennie 
 E. Moore, Aug. 12, 1912; he d. Oct. 14, 1923. 
 
 COLLINS, BENJAMIN BRUBAKER, b. Berlin, Pa., Nov. 28, 1847; s. 
 Mark and Ellen (Brubaker) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1875; lic. Al. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; miss. to Africa, 1875-76; 
 pastor, Chalfont, Pa., 1877-81; German Valley, N. J., 1881-90; Myers- 
 dale, Pa., 1892-06; trav. sec. Al. Syn., 1890-92; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1898-05; 
 m. Emma J. Fisher, Sept. 1, 1875; she d. at sea May 6, 1876; m. Ella 
 A. Delp, Dec. 26, 1878; 8 children; d. Nov. 2, 1912. 
 
 DIEHL, SAMUEL ALBERT, b. nr. New Oxford, Pa., Nov. 13, 1847; s. 
 Daniel and Leah (Baugher) Miller D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. 
 Gbe. Sem., 1875; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; pastor, Bloser- 
 ville, Pa., 1875-85; Woodsboro, Md., 1885-92; Westminster, Md., 1892- 
 02; Bendersville, Pa., 1902-09; Mt. Carmel, Hanover, Pa., 1909-20; m. 
 Jennie M. Hamilton, Sept. 2, 1875; no children; she d. July 1, 1921; he d. 
 May 10, 1922. 
 
 DUNBAR, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Stone Church, Pa., Jan. 25, 1852; s. 
 Robt. and Susan (Correl) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1874; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1892; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1873; ord. same, 1874; 
 pastor, St. Peter’s, Easton, Pa., 1874-80; Zion, Lebanon, Pa., 1880-94; 
 St. Mark’s, Balto., 1894-17, and emeritus until 1920; dir. Gbg. Sem.; 
 trustee, Gbg. Col., and Tressler Orphans’ Home; member pub. bd. and 
 deaconess bd. G. S.; ed. Luth. Ch. Work, 1908-12, and assoc. ed., 1912- 
 15; m. Jennie Chamberlain, Oct. 7, 1880; children, Paul B., Emeline C.; 
 d. Dec. 24, 1920. 
 
 FELTON, ANTHONY KARNS, b. Bedford Co., Pa., Jan. 17, 1848; s. 
 Jacob and Elizabeth F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; Gbg. Sem., 1872-74; ord. 
 N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1874; pastor, Clarksville, N. J., 1874-75; Bunker 
 Hill, Kas., 1876-78; Addison, Pa., 1878-82; Stoyestown, Pinegrove 
 Mills, Philipsburg and Newry, Pa., Dyson, Upper Sandusky, Lucas and 
 Greenford, O.; Smithville, O., 1903-09; Magnolia, O., 1909-14; m. 
 Amanda C. Derr, July 1, 1877; children, Susan E., Elizabeth M., Edna 
 L., Lloyd D.; d. Feb. 2, 1915. 
 
 FISCHER, WILLIAM EDWARD, b. Berlin, Pa., Oct. 6, 1849; s. John 
 H. and Anna E. (Gilbert) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1875; hon. B.D., D.D., Sus. U.; lic. Al. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; 
 pastor, Center Hall, Pa., 1875-93; Shamokin, Pa., 1893- ; dir. Gbg. 
 
 448 
 
ALUMNI 1872 
 
 Sem. 10 yrs.; member G. S. Ch. Hymnal Com.; m. Judith Ann Philsony, 
 Mar. 1, 1877; children, Lillian B., Marion L., Ella P.; res., Sha- 
 mokin, Pa. 
 
 FORTNEY, GEORGE WILLIAM, b. Center Hall, Pa., Pec. 27, 1845; s. 
 David and Susanna F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; Gbg. Sem., 1872-73; suc- 
 cessively, instr. Sus. U., prin. Clearfield, Pa., H. S., Pa. Valley Inst., 
 Selinsgrove, Pa., schs., Chatham Village, N. Y., schs.; grad. Sus. Sem., 
 1879; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1879; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1880; pastor, 
 Chatham Village, N. Y., 1879-81; Ancram, N. Y., 1881-85; Athens, 
 N. Y., 1885-87; Wurtemburg, N. Y., 1887-95; Turbotville, Pa., 1895- 
 1900; Ramapo, N. Y., 1901-09; m. Lorena G. Ziegler, Sept. 22, 1874; 
 4 children; d. Aug. 30, 1909. 
 
 HOOVER, CHRISTIAN, b. near Smithsburg, Md., Oct. 21, 1849; A.B., 
 Gbg. Col., 1872; d. Mar. 6, 1873. 
 
 HOUSEMAN, JOHN H., b. Sinking Valley, Pa., Jan. 9, 1842; s. Andrew 
 and Mary E. H.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1872; Gbg. Sem., 1872-73; grad. 
 Wit. Sem., 1874; lic. E. O. Syn., 1873; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1875; pastor, 
 Turtle Creek, Pa., 1874-78; New Springfield and New Middletown, O., 
 1878-82; Maytown, Pa., 1882-84; Milroy, Pa., 1884-87; Hooversville, 
 Pa., 1887-91; Bellwood, Pa., 1891-94; Lairdsville, Pa., 1898-01; Mill 
 Creek, Pa., 1901-03; m. Mary Louisa Buck, Mar. 5, 1874; children, 
 Edgar T., Mrs. J. B. Corbin; d. Jan. 19, 1922. 
 
 KISSEL, ALBERT J., b. Washington Co., Md., Sept. 22, 1844; Gbg. Sem., 
 1872-74; Wit. Sem., 1874-75; pastor, Sulphur Springs, O., Salina, Kas., 
 Abilene, Kas., Tipton, Ia., Louisville, Kay., Circleville, O., Whitewater, 
 Kas., Fernald, Ia.; sometime supt. Oesterlen Orphanage; m. Della Fry, 
 1879; children, Arthur, Mrs. J. G. Maurer; she d. 1905; m. Mrs. Laura 
 Orton, 1909; he d. Mar. 9, 1924. 
 
 KISTLER, JOHN LUTHER, b. Ickesburg, Pa., Sept. 25, 1849; s. David 
 and Susannah (Rice) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; 
 instr. Sus. U., 1874-75; DSc., Gbg. Col., 1899; D.D., same, 1916; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1875; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1877; prof., Hart. Sem., 
 1876-20; prof. emeritus, same, 1920- ; m. Ella Grace Myers, Aug. °21, 
 1879; children, Ralph M., Gilbert R.; she d. Oct. 4, 1918; res. Hart. 
 Sem., N. Y. 
 
 KOSER, JACOB ALFRED, b. near Shippensburg, Pa., June 24, 1847; s. 
 Samuel and Mary (Deardorff) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1875; lic., 1874; ord. Al. Syn., 1875; pastor, Salsburg, Pa., 1875- 
 
 449 
 
1872 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 78; Pine Grove Mills, Pa., 1878-85; Northumberland, Pa., 1885-89; 
 Muncy, Pa., 1889-95; Sioux City, Ia., 1895-1901; Neb. City, Neb., 1901- 
 13; Sedalia, Mo., 1913-22; ret., 1922; m. Emma Louise Hoffheins, June 
 24, 1875; children, Martin L., Geo. S., Clara L.; her res., Neb. City, 
 Neb.; he d. July 6, 1924. 
 
 LEESER, JOHN HENRY, b. Hereford, Pa., Dec. 19, 1847; s. Samuel and 
 Susanna L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem.; ord. 1875; lic. 
 Im. Syn., 1894; pastor, Martins Creek, Pa., 1875-76; Belvidere, N. J., 
 1876-77; Hummelstown, Pa.; present, realtor, Reading, Pa.; Annie M. 
 Barnitz, Feb. 21, 1884. | 
 
 METZLER, ELDER JOHN, b. nr. Hanover, Pa., May 23, 1843; s. John 
 and Louisa M.; Gbg. Col., 1868-72; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1875; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; pastor, Littlestown, Pa., 1875-88; Williams- 
 burg, Pa., 1888-90; St. Paul’s, Altoona, Pa., 1890-03; 3 children; d. 
 May 10, 1905. 
 
 MOSER, DANIEL MELANCHTHON, b. Pine Grove Mills, Pa., Jan. 7, 
 1849; s. Danl. and Catherine (Marks) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1875; lic. Al. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; pastor, 
 Lockport, N. Y., 1875-79; Shepherdstown, W. Va., 1879-92; Schuylkill 
 Haven, Pa., 1892-11; rt., 1912; m. Maria Louisa Wattles, Aug. 15, 
 1877; s. Frank, W.; res., Gbg. 
 
 PESCHAU, FERDINAND WILLIAM ELIAS, b. Clausthal-Kellerfeld, 
 Hanover, Ger., Feb. 17, 1849; s. Henry C. F. and Wilhelmina (Muehl- 
 hahn) P.; emigrated, 1854; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; Gbg. Sem., 1872-73; 
 instr., Evansville, Ind., schs., 1873-76; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 
 1876; pastor, Nebraska City, Neb., 1876-78; Nashville, Tenn., 1878-82; 
 Wilmington, N. C., 1882-93; Greensburg, Pa., 1893-1900; St. Jacob’s, 
 Miamisburg, O., 1900-16; prof., Neb. Col., and supt. schs., Nebraska 
 City, 1876-78; prof., Ward’s Female Sem., and Vanderbilt U., Nash- 
 ville, Tenn., 1878-82; pres., G. S. South and United Syn. South, 1886-87; 
 trustee, N. C. Col.; dir. Southern Sem., and Greensburg, Pa., Sem.; 
 member numerous organizations; ed. So. Mo. Ill. Magazine; assoc. ed. 
 Lutheran Visitor; m. Clara J. Myers, June 3, 1873; children, Mrs. 
 Henry Otter, Mrs. Geo. Foster, Mrs. Chas. Immel, Mrs. R. J. Fulton, 
 Ferd. H., Andrew; she d. Apr. 22, 1924; he d. Mar. 19, 1916. 
 
 POFFINBERGER, JOHN WESLEY, b. Myersville, Md., Dec. 2, 1843; s. 
 Jacob and Barbara P.; member Co. M, 22nd Pa. Cav., 1864-65; A.B., 
 Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1875; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1874;. ord. Al. 
 
 450 
 
ALUMNI 1872 
 
 Syn., 1875; pastor, Berlin, Pa., 1875-85; Leechburg, Pa., 1885-97; Van- 
 dergrift, Pa., 1897-01; m. Mollie E. Nycum, June 6, 1877; children, 
 Merle E., Judd N., Emma, 1 d. infancy; d. Mar. 30, 1909. 
 
 SLAYBAUGH, GEORGE H., b. nr. Gbg., Jan. 29, 1846; s. Nicholas and 
 
 Anne (Bender) S.; grad. Pa. State Nor. Sch.; Gbg. Sem., 1872-73; 
 grad. Wit. Sem., 1874; lic. Wit. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; pastor, 
 Mt. Zion, Richland Co., O., 1874-77; New Kingston, Pa., 1877-81; 
 member Co. K, 101st Pa. Inf., 1861-65; Govt. service, 1881-1922; m. 
 Annie Bell Law, Aug. 18, 1874; children, Edith, Geo. E.; ret., res., 
 Washn. 
 
 WALTZ, SOLOMON SCHMUCKER, b. New Phila., O., Oct. 24, 1847; s. 
 
 Elias and Mary W.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1872; Gbg. Sem., 1872-73; grad. 
 Wit. Sem., 1874; ord. Wart. Syn., 1874; pastor, Dixon, Ill, 1874-79; 
 Ist, Kansas City, Mo., 1879-83; Ist, Louisville, Ky., 1883-19; ex. sec. 
 Luth. Brotherhood, 1919-25; sometime dir. Wit. Col.; m. Mina Lee 
 Hastings, Sept. 23, 1875; children, Fred H., Helen M.; she d. Feb. 14, 
 1907; he d. May 4, 1925. 
 
 WARNER, ADAM N., b. Carroll Co., Md., July 15, 1848; Gbg. Col., 1866- 
 
 70; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1875; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1893; D.D., Sus. U., 1903; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; pastor, New Cumberland, Pa., 
 1875-78; Minersville, Pa., 1878-79; Montoursville, Pa., 1880-85; Pine- 
 grove Mills, Pa., 1885-88; Northumberland, Pa., 1888-98; registrar, Sus. 
 U., 1898-09; trustee, Sus. U.; m. Josephine Quiggle, Jan. 20, 1876; no 
 children; she d. July 19, 1885; m. Emma B. Buffington, Nov. 17, 1887; 
 foster dau. Mrs. G. A. Livingston; d. Feb. 1, 1917. 
 
 WEIKERT, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS, b. Littlestown, Pa. Apr. 25, 1850; 
 
 s. Wm. and Matilda (Sell) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1875; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1874; ord. same, 1875; pastor, Ghent, N. Y., 
 1875-79; Red Hook, N. Y., 1879-91; ord. Episc. Ch., 1892; rector, Pine 
 Plains, N. Y., 1891-94; Christ, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1894-1900; St. 
 Mark’s, Paterson, N. J., 1900-20, and emeritus, 1920- ; member nu- 
 merous bds. and coms.; m. Hannah Carpenter Frey, Aug. 17, 1875; chil- 
 dren, Bessie M., Marion M.; she d. Sept. 19, 1917; res., Paterson, N. J. 
 
 ZIMMER, JOHN NICHOLAS, b. Wheeling, W. Va., Mar. 8, 1849; s. 
 
 Jno. N. and Caroline (Butt) Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 
 1876; lic. Neb. Syn., 1876; ord. same, 1877; pastor, West Point, Neb., 
 
 1876-79; N. Washn., Pa., 1879-83; New Springfield, O., 1883-84; Sa- 
 
 betha, Kas., 1889-92; Rising City, Neb., 1892-94; Bunker Hill, Kas., 
 451 
 
1873 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1899-03; farming, Elk City, Neb., 1884-89, nr. Millard, Neb., 1894-99, 
 nr. Abilene, Kas., 1903-08; rt., 1908; m. Catherine S. Wood, Nov. 29, 
 1876; she d. Jan. 16, 1909; res., Evans, Col. 
 
 1873 
 
 FLOYD, DAVID BITTLE, b. Middletown, Md., Mar. 15, 1846; s. Heze- 
 kiah and Lydia (Bittle). F.; sgt. and later It. 75th Ind. Vol., 1862-65; 
 stud. med. U. of Mich., 1866-67, and Bellevue Med. Col., 1872-73; A.B., 
 Roanoke Col., 1872; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; D.D., Roanoke Col., and 
 Sus. U., 1906; lic. Md. Syn., 1875; ord. same, 1876; pastor, Uniontown, 
 Md., 1876-82; Boonsboro, Md., 1882-85; Zion, Newville, Pa., 1885-99; 
 Funkstown, Md., 1900-04; Georgetown Ch., W. Washn., 1905; prof., 
 Sus. Sem., 1905-22; trustee, Tressler Orphans’ Home; author, Necrol- 
 ogy of Luth. Ministers b. in Middletown Valley, Md.: Reynold’s div. in 
 the Battle of Chickamaugua: Hist. of 75th Ind. Vol.: Hist. Zion Luth. 
 Ch., Newville, Pa.: Greek Prepositions of the N. T.; m. Mary E. Cut- 
 ting, Feb. 15, 1877; no children; d. Jan. 23, 1922. 
 
 FRASER, GEORGE W., b. Lincoln, Pa., Sept. 8, 1841; Ist It., Co. G, 
 195th Pa. Vol.; grad. Millersville Nor. Sch., 1869; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1876; lic. E. Pa. Syn. 1875; ord. C. Ill Syn., 1876; pastor Hickory 
 Creek, Ill., 1876-78; Grand View, Ind., 1878; Dongola, Ill, 1890-91; 
 Shipman, IIl., 1891-97; Olney, Ill, 1897-02; teaching, Lena, Ill., and 
 Carthage Col., 1869-73, Wayne, Neb., Aicad., 1887-90; prin. govt. Ind. 
 Sch., Ind. Ter.; at Baxter Springs, Kas., 1879-80, Landisville, Pa., 
 1880-86, Manheim, Pa., 1886-87, Omaha, Neb., 1906-11, Springfield, O., 
 1902-06, 1911-12; m. Fannie L. Breneisen, Dec. 12, 1876; children, John 
 H., E. Blanche, Willard G., Martin L., Alice R.; d. Dec. 19, 1912. 
 
 FREAS, WILLIAM STREEPER, b. Marble Halli, Pa., May 11, 1848; s. 
 Jesse W. and Ann C. F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; 
 D.D., Wit. Col., 1892; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1875; ord. same, 1876; pastor, 
 Everett, Pa., 1876-80; Hughesville, Pa., 1880-82; 1st Carlisle, Pa., 1882- 
 85; St. Paul’s, York, Pa., 1885-98; Grace, Balto., 1898-1905; assoc. and 
 supt. inst., Balto. Deaconess Motherhouse, 1905-11; dir. Gbg. Sem.; 
 trustee, Tressler Orphans’ Home and York Co. Acad.; member bd. ch. 
 ext., 1886-11, and deaconess bd., 1897-1905; pres., G. S., 1901-03, 1905; 
 m. Ella Amanda Streeper, June 5, 1878; children, Elsie, Harold, Wm., 
 Howard, Raymond, Elizabeth, Richard; she d. June 22, 1894; he d. Feb. 
 14, 1911. 
 
 GRUVER, CHARLES BAKER, b. Richmond, Pa., Mar. 23, 1846; s. Wm. 
 H. and Amelia (Baker) G.; Gbg. Col., 1872-74; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; 
 lic. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1875; ord. Al. Syn., 1876; pastor, Schellsburg, 
 
 452 
 
ALUMNI 1873 
 
 Pa., 1876-82; Williamsport, Pa., 1882-85; Berlin, Pa., 1886-92; Lock 
 *Haven, Pa., 1893-99; West Sand Lake, N. Y., 1900-12; Albany, N. Y., 
 1913-16; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Christiana Bachman, May 11, 1865;  chil- 
 dren, O. H., E. A., Allen O., Ada, Minnie, Mrs. Frank Kipperly, Win- 
 ifred; she d. Nov. 25, 1918; d. Apr. 21, 1921. 
 
 HARTMAN, JOSEPH FRANKLIN, b. Littlestown, Pa., May 7, 1852; s. 
 Moses and Elizabeth (Rebert) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1876; D.D., Sus. U.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1875; ord. same, 1876; 
 pastor, Kimberton, Pa.; Ghent, N. Y.; Altoona, Pa.; LaFayette, Pa.; 
 Hays, Pa.; Bethany, Phila.; ed. Keystone Herald; chaplain 5th Pa. Inf. 
 Span. Am. War; m. Ida Janett Hartman, Oct. 1, 1878; dau. Edna E.; 
 res., Phila. 
 
 HAY, CHARLES EBERT, b. Harrisburg, Pa. Oct. 8, 1851; s. Chas. A. 
 and Sarah R. (Barnitz) H:; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1871; D.D., same, 1897; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1875; ord. same, 1876; pastor, 
 Fisherville, Pa., 1876-77; St. Paul’s, Allentown, Pa., 1877-90; St. Matt., 
 Allentown, Pa., 1890-98; All Saints, Phila., 1899-04; pastor and ex. head 
 Deaconess Motherhouse, Balto., 1904- ; prin., Hanover, Pa., Acad., 
 1871-73; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1893-98; bd. Pub. G. S., 1900-18; Deaconess 
 bd. G. S., 1904-18, and U. L. C., 1918- ; assoc. ed. Luth. Ch. Wk., 
 1908-09; co-author, Hist. E. Pa. Syn., 1893; author, Luther the Re-. 
 former, 1898; tr. Luther as Spiritual Advisor, Nebe, 1894: Koestlin, 
 Theo. of Luther, 1897: Luther’s Preface to Romans, 1903: Koenig, 
 Bible and Babylon, 1903; Diffenbach, Meditations for the Passion Sea- 
 son, 1903: Seeberg Hist. of Christ. Doctrine, 1905: Truth of Apostle’s 
 Creed, 1916; m. Flora Eugenia Dole, May 10, 1881; dau. Lillian J.; m. 
 Anna Margaret Kieffer, May 11, 1899; dau. Margaret L.; res. Balto. 
 
 KELLY, WILLIAM, b. Liverpool, Eng., Dec. 17, 1852; s. Barnard and 
 Margaret (Flinn) K.; emigrated, 1854; R. C. Sch., Balto.; Gbg. Sem., 
 1873-76; ord. Sus. Syn., 1876; pastor, Espy, Pa., 1876-77; Stewartsville, 
 N. J., 1877-84; St. Luke’s, Balto., 1884-91; Hudson, N. Y., 1891-95; All 
 Saints, Phila., 1895-99; Oakland, Calif., 1899-03; Oklahoma City, Okla., 
 1904-06; m. Marian M. Dewey, 1874; no children; she d. Apr. 15, 1898; 
 m. Lillie K. Felts, July 6, 1899; he d. June 28, 1906. 
 
 LaMOTT, DANIEL MARRAMAR, b. York Co., Pa., June 5, 1847; s. John 
 H. and Sevilla L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; lic. 
 Md. Syn., 1875; ord. same, 1876; pastor, Woodsboro, Md., 1876-85; m. 
 Laura M. Fair, Jan. 5, 1881; d. Jan. 7, 1885. 
 
 453 
 
1873 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 SIEBER, LEMUEL LUTHER, b. nr. McAlisterville, Pa., Mar. 4, 1850; s. 
 Abram and Fanny (Whitmer) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1876; D.D., Montezuma U., 1896; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1876; pastor, 
 Laransville, Pa., 1876-82; Polo, Ill., 1882-85; Connelsville, Pa., 1885-90; 
 Lewisburg, Pa., 1890-95; Luther Mem., Balto., 1918- ; evangelist, 1895- 
 15; lecturer, Anti-Saloon League, 1915-18; m. Josaphine Rothrock, June 
 29, 1876; children, Anna G., Jno. L., Mary J., Goodell M., Paul R., 
 Raymond W., Jeanne V., Helen E.; res., Balto. 
 
 SINGMASTER, JOHN ALDEN. See Faculty, page 330. 
 
 STALL, SYLVANUS, b. Elizaville, N. Y., Oct. 18, 1847; s. Wm. I. and 
 Caroline (Tinklepaugh) S.; Hartwick Sem., 1865-66; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
 1872; Union Sem., 1872-73; Gbg. Sem., 1873-74; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1893; 
 ord. Hart. Syn., 1874; pastor, Cobleskill, N. Y., 1874-77; Martins Creek, 
 Pa., 1877-80; St. John’s, Lancaster, Pa., 1880-88; Balto., 1888-90; assoc. 
 ed. Luth. Obs., 1890-91; ed. and pub. Stalls Year Bk., 1884-88; author, 
 Methods of Ch. Work, 1887: numerous purity works; founder and prop. 
 Vir. Pub. Co., 1897-15; m. Kate Danner Buehler, Sept. 2, 1876; chil- 
 dren, Fannie C., Roy; she d. Oct. 27, 1918; he d. Nov. 6, 1915. 
 
 TOMLINSON, BENJAMIN WESLEY, b. Bedford Co., Pa., June 11, 1848; 
 s. Jos. W. and Catharine (Ling) T.; Gbg. Col., 1870-71; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1876; lic. Al. Syn., 1875; ord. same, 1876; pastor, New Florence, 
 Pa., 1876-79; Lockport, N. Y., 1879-80; unmarried; d. Apr. 8, 1880. 
 
 UNGER, GEORGE FREEMAN, b. Milton, Pa., May 26, 1850; s. Geo. and 
 Elizabeth U.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; d. Dec. 6, 1874. 
 
 WALTERICK, JOSEPH HENRY, b. Shippensburg, Pa., Feb. 5, 1848; s. 
 David and Barbara (Meyer) W.; Gbg. and Wit. Cols.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1876; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1875; ord. Al. Syn., 1876; pastor, Hooversville, 
 Pa., 1876-77; Tyrone, Pa., 1877-82; Shellsburg, Pa., 1882-89; Mt. Car- 
 mel, Iil., 1889-07; Boone Co., Ky., 1907-10; Loogootee, Ill., 1910-19; 
 rt., 1919; pvt. Co. I, 8th Pa. Cavalry, 1864-65; prisoner in Florence, S. 
 C., Nov. 22, 1864-Mar. 9, 1865; m. Adaline Rebok, Sept. 23, 1869; 
 children, Nannie F., Harriet G., Geo. A., Mary G.; she d. Sept. 13, 
 1920; d. Jan. 30, 1926. 
 
 WEAVER, FRANCIS HEYER, b. Newry, Pa., May 20, 1844; s. Geo. and 
 Lovina (Fetters) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; 
 ord. 1876; pastor, Grafton, W. Va., 1876-77; miss. to So. Ute Indians, 
 1877-78; member Co. C, 53rd Pa. Vol., 1861-64; clerk in War Dept., 
 1864-68; chaplain, U. S. A., 1880-97; rt. 1897; maj. ret., 1904; m. 
 
 454 
 
ALUMNI 1874 
 
 Catharine Schneider, Nov. 30, 1876; children, Louis S., Geo. D., Mar- 
 guerite; res., Newry, Pa. 
 
 YOST, THEODORE JETHRO, b. Enochville, N. C., Sept. 12, 1847; s. 
 Aaron and Mary, M. (Shullenbarrier) Y.; N. C. Col.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
 1873; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; lic. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1875; ord. E. 
 Pa. Syn., 1876; pastor, Mahwah, N. J., 1876-84; Manorton, N. Y., 
 1884-86; Altamount, N. Y., 1886-94; St. Paul’s, Cumberland, Md., 1894- 
 02; rt., 1902; m. Mary Alice Williams, June 28, 1876; children, L. W., 
 Horace A., Chas. T., F. I.; res., N. Y. City. 
 
 ZIMMERMAN, JEREMIAH, b. Snydersburg, Md., Apr. 26, 1848; s. Henry 
 and Leah (Gladfelter) Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1876; D.D., Gbg., Wit. and Sus., 1896; LL.D., Gbg. Col., 1902; L.H.D., 
 Sus. U., 1908; lic. Al. Syn., 1875; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1876; pas- 
 tor, Valatie, N. Y., 1876-78; 1st, Syracuse, N. Y., 1879-04; spent 10 
 yrs. in for. travel, visiting tombs of patriarchs; authority on numis- 
 matics; lecturer in U. S. and foreign cities; presented personal lib. of 
 over 12,000 vols., including many rare treasures, to Gbg. Sem.; mem- 
 ber Victoria Inst., London Author’s Club, Royal Numismatic Soc., Fel- 
 low Royal Geographical Society, Am. Author’s Assn., Anthro. Soc. of 
 Am., Linguistic Soc.; hon. 33 degree Mason and Gr. Chap. N. Y. 
 State; member numerous bds. and coms.; Ist Univ. lecturer in U. S. 
 on numismatics and sometime lecturer on same in Syracuse U.; sec. 
 com. that drafted Const. and By-Laws of Natl. Fedn. of Chs.; twice 
 pres. Syracuse br. Arch. Inst. of Am.; author, Spain and Her People, 
 1902: The Rel. Character of Ancient Coins: The God Juggernaut and 
 Hinduism in India, 1914: Help When Tempted and Tried, 1918; The 
 Presence of Christ in the Lord’s Supper, 1919; contr. on Numismatics to 
 Std. Dict. and various journals; m. Adele Springstein, 1877; she d. Jan., 
 1878; m. Sophia Elizabeth (Cook) Amos, Jan. 21, 1890; res., Syr- 
 acuse, N. Y. 
 
 1874 
 
 BURRELL, JAMES LUTHER ALBERT, b. Clinton Co., Pa., June 30, 1847; 
 s. Saml. and Lydia B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; Gbg. Sem., 1874; M.D., 
 Gbg. Col., 1876; practiced med., Salona, Pa., 1876-78, and Williamsport, 
 Pa., 1880-91; m. Margaret Swope of Gbg.; d. 1891. 
 
 CRIST, GEORGE W., b. Markelsville, Pa., Apr. 17, 1848; Sus. U.; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1877; ord. Md. Syn., 1877; pastor, Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 
 1877-79; Duncannon, Pa., 1879-82; New Bloomfield, Pa., 1882-83; Phil- 
 ipsburg, Pa., 1883-85; New Millport, Pa., 1885-89; Jennerstown, Pa., 
 1889-96; Millersville Pa. 1896-02; Union Deposit, Pa., 1902-06; Walk- 
 ersville, Md., 1906-14; m. Anna B. Orr, Dec. 27, 1877; d. July 8, 1914. 
 
 455 
 
1874 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 FOCHT, JOHN BROWN, b. Chambersburg, Pa., July 20, 1851; s. David 
 H. and Susan (Brown) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; Gbg. Sem., 1874-76; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1897; ord. Sus. Syn., 1876; pastor, St. John’s, Lewis- 
 town, Pa., 1887-94; Barren Hill, Pa., 1894-99; Selinsgrove, Pa., 1899- 
 04, 1917-22; Plantsville, Conn., 1908-17; prin., prep. dept., Gbg. Col., 
 1876-77, 1882-87; vice prin., classical dept., Sus. U., 1877-81, and prin., 
 1881-82; prof., Sus. Sem., 1901-04, 1922-24; pres., Sus. U., 1904-05; m. 
 Elizabeth Born, June 28, 1878; present res., Selinsgrove, Pa.; children, 
 Wilfred, Mildred, Catherine, Elizabeth, John H.; she d. Feb. 7, 1925; 
 he d. Mar. 10, 1924. 
 
 HANTEL, EDMUND FRANTZ ALBERT, b. Berlin, Ger., Oct. 25, 1837; 
 s. Albert and (Von Klepp) H.; Meadville Sem., 314 yrs.; Gbg. Sem., 
 1874-75; lic. C. Ill. Syn., 1875; ord. Wart. Syn., 1876; pastorates in 
 Ill., Ind., Conn., N. J., Kas., Neb.; m. Sophia Von Constine, 1875; chil- 
 dren, Lida A., Albert R., Frances C., Elsie A.. Alma B.; d. Mar. 5, 1922. 
 
 KENDALL, JAMES T., b. Reading, Pa., Apr. 28, 1832; Gbg. Sem., 1874- 
 75; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1875; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1877; pastor, Beavertown, 
 Pa., 1875-76; Fryburg, Pa., 1876-78; m. Mary M. Beidler, Sept. 3, 1852; 
 2 daus.; she d. Feb. 24, 1903; he d. Noy. 29, 1914. 
 
 METZGER, WILLIAM SAMUEL TOMS, b. Myersville, Md. Aug. 15, 
 1849; s. Wm. and Lydia (Toms) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1877; ord. 1877; pastor, Morristown, I1l., Shanon, Ill., Twin 
 Grove, Wis., Funkstown, Md., Jefferson, Md., Thurmont, Md., Dills- 
 burg, Pa., Glen Gardner, N. J.; rt., 1922; m. Mary E. Wachtel, Oct. 
 17, 1878; children, Wm. W., Jno. M., Chester P., Nina R.; she d. 1912; 
 he d. Aug. 1, 1924. 
 
 REMSBERG, WILSON LEE, b. nr. Middletown, Md., Dec. 26, 1848; s. 
 Danl. and Catherine (Zimmerman) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1877; lic. Md. Syn., 1876; ord. N. Ill, Syn., 1877; pastor, 
 Princeton, Ill., 1877-82; Oregon, Ill., 1882-86; So. Dixon, IIl., 1886-88; 
 Beatrice, Neb., 1889-94; St. Mark’s, Omaha, Neb., 1894-96; Myers- 
 ville, Md., 1896-02; Shanksville, Pa., 1902-03; Santa Barbara, Calif., 
 1903-08; Funkstown, Md., 1908- ; member Bk. of Worship com.; com- 
 poser ch. music; author, Hist. Remsberg Family in America; m. Katie 
 B. Stroh, Dec. 12, 1889; res., Funkstown, Md. 
 
 SPANGLER, WILLIAM MICHAEL, b. nr. Friedens, Pa., Feb. 2, 1849; s. 
 Michael and Hannah S.; A.B., Sus. U.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1877; ord. 
 Al. Syn., 1877; pastor, Jenners, Pa., 1877-82; Friends Cove, Pa., 1882- 
 88; Accident, Md., 1888-93; Glasgow, Pa., 1893-94; Salona, Pa., 1894- 
 
 456 
 
ALUMNI 1874 
 
 1900; Williamsburg, Pa., 1900-05; Beaver Springs, Pa., 1905-07; Seven 
 Valleys, Pa., 1907-10; New Florence, Pa., 1910-13; Kimberton, Pa., 
 1913-14; Hampstead, Md., 1914-20; rt., 1920; m. Sarah Boucher, Sept. 
 18, 1874; children, Nona B., Wm. N., Edson G., Dorsey E., Homer V., 
 Susan M., Wellington; d. Apr. 6, 1925. 
 
 STALEY, FREDERICK WALPOLE, b. Plymouth, Pa., Dec. 1, 1844; s. 
 John and Sarah S.; member Co. C, 6th Pa. Cav., 1861-63, and 20th Pa. 
 Cav., 1864-65; wounded at Gordonsville, 1864; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1877; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1876; ord. same, 1877; pastor, 
 Columbia, Pa., 1877-81; Martins Creek, Pa., 1881-1885; Watsontown, 
 Pa., 1885-90; Middletown, Pa., 1890-05; Ardmore, Pa., 1905-09; E. Lans- 
 downe, Pa., 1912-14; miss. supt. E. Pa. Syn., 1909-12; trustee, Tressler 
 Orphans’ Home, 1897-16; m. M. Cordelia Freas, June 21, 1877; children, 
 F, Walton, John F., Robt. M., Joseph F., Herbert, Bryson P.; d. June 
 29, 1920. 
 
 TRAVER, CHESTER HENRY, b. Clinton, N. Y., June 23, 1848; s. Gideon 
 A. and Eve T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1873; instr., Hart. Sem., 1873-74; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1876; D.D., Hart. Sem., 1903; lic. N. Y. and N. J. 
 Syn., 1875; ord. same, 1876; pastor, Chatham, N. Y., 1876-78; Glen 
 Gardner, N. J., 1878-85; St. Peter’s, Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1885-96; Church- | 
 town, N. Y., 1896-1905; West Camp, N. Y., 1905-08; Berne, N. Y., 1908- 
 19; ret., 1919; trustee, Hart. Sem. sev. yrs.; m. Ida Evadne Jones, 
 Sept. 20, 1876; children, Euella, Edna, Ethel, Oliver; res., N. Y. City 
 and Hart. Sem. 
 
 WILLIS, JAMES, b. Burksfork, Va., Jan. 1, 1848; s. Jonathon and Arra- 
 bella (Phlegar) W.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1874; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1877; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1876; ord. Va. Syn., 1877; pastor, Strasburg, Va., 
 1877-82; Myersville, Md., 1906-21; rt., 1921; prin., Staunton Female 
 Sem., 1882-94; ins. business, 1894-06; Co. I, 14th Va. Inf., 1864-65; m. 
 Ione Cordelia Miller, June 29, 1879; children, Thos., Jas. H., Arra- 
 bella, Russell, Sidney, Bennett; she d. Aug. 27, 1901; res., Yakoma 
 Park, Md. 
 
 WIRT, JOHN ADAM, b. Millersburg, Pa. May 21, 1846; s. Simon W.; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; Gbg. Sem., 1874, 1875-76; teaching at Union- 
 town, Pa., 1874-75; grad. Sus. Sem., 1877; D.D., Sus. U., 1895; ord. 
 Sus. Syn., 1877; pastor, Lykens, Pa., 1877-83; Hughesville, Pa., 1883- 
 95; St. John’s, Des Moines, Ia., 1895-08; m. Martha Buehler, June 1, 
 1845; children, Ray F., Simon, Guyon B., John; she d. Dec. 15, 1910; 
 he d. May 8, 1908. 
 
 457 
 
1875 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 WOLF, JOSEPH BITTINGER, b. nr. Abbottstown, Pa., Jan. 9, 1848; s. 
 J. Geo. and Eleanor C. (Bittinger) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1877; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1906; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1876; ord. 
 same, 1877; pastor, Glen Rock, Pa., 1877-17; m. Priscilla Ella Cash- 
 man, July 18, 1877; children, Anna E., Joseph H.; d. Feb. 16, 1923. 
 
 YOUNG, JOHN JACOB, b. Langenkandel, Rhenish Bavaria, Sept. 13, 
 1846; s. John M. and Catherine Y.; emigrated, c1849; member Pa. Res. 
 Art., 1862-65, and N. Y. Engrs., 1865, was twice captured; A.B., Gbg. 
 Col., 1877; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1877; D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1892; lic. 
 Md. Syn., 1876; ord. same, 1877; pastor, Grantsville, Md., 1877-82; St. 
 Paul’s, Richmond, Ind., 1882-93; St. John’s, New York, N. Y., 1893-14; 
 member Ger. Theo. Sem. bd., 1887-95, Deaconess bd., 1893-03, pub. bd., 
 1893-14; trustee, Gbg. Col., 1897-14; m. Louisa Elizabeth Messersmith, 
 June 6, 1878; 3 children; d. Mar. 29, 1914. 
 
 1875 
 
 BEARD, MARTIN LUTHER, b. nr. Williamsport, Md., Apr. 26, 1849; s, 
 Wm. H. and Susan C. (Byers) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1878; lic. Md. Syn., 1877; ord. same, 1878; pastor, Mt. Joy, Pa., 
 1878-81; Burkettsville, Md., 1881-85; Boonsboro, Md., 1885-93; Mid- 
 dletown, Md., 1893-06; Thurmont, Md., 1906-15; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. 
 Catherine S. Bowers, June 17, 1880; d. Sept. 2, 1915. 
 
 BOBST, ISAAC WALTON, b. Kutztown, Pa. Apr. 16, 1847; s. David and 
 Leah (Deaner) B.; Keystone Nor. Sch., 1869-74; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1879; ord. Md. Syn., 1879; pastor, Harpers Ferry, 1879-80; Lancaster, 
 Ill., 1880-83; Clearspring, Md., 1883-90; Lititz, Pa., 1890-1903; Trenton, 
 N. J., 1903-14; Ch. of the Ref., Phila., 1914-24; member 128th Pa. Vol., 
 1862-63; battles, Antietam, Chancellorsville, White Landing, 11 cavalry 
 with Sheridan; captured at Chancellorsville and 10 das. Libby prison; 
 member Ist Pa. res. cavalry, 1864-65; captured at White Landing and 
 9 mos. in Andersonville and Florence, S. C., prisons; m. Mary Alice 
 Holmes, Nov. 23, 1880; children, Catharine, Harry R., Elmer H., Mil- 
 dred L., Dorothy L.; her res., Phila.; he d. Nov. 14, 1924. 
 
 CRESSMAN, MARK STETLER, b. Barren Hill, Pa. Apr. 13, 1853; s. 
 Geo. W. and Sarah A. (Keely) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; grad. Ghg. 
 Sem., 1878; D.D., Sus. U., 1910; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1877; ord. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1878; pastor, Boiling Springs, Pa., 1878-82; Lincoln, Neb., 1882- 
 85; Muncy, Pa. 1885-88; Lyonville, Pa., 1888-95; Lewistown, 
 Pa., 1895-25; dir. Gbg. Sem. 20 yrs.; trustee, Sus. U., 15 yrs.; trustee, 
 Tressler Qophans’ Home; m. Mary A. Streeper, Dec. 5, 1878; s. Paul 
 
 458 
 
ALUMNI, 1875 
 
 G.; she d. Oct. 23, 1893; m. Mary L. Mattson, Oct. 9, 1895; children, 
 Alivia, Esther, Martin C.; d. Nov. 5, 1925. 
 
 CROLL, JOHN, b. Middletown, Pa. Oct. 4, 1856; s. Geo. and Sarah C.; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1878; ord. 1878; pastor, Staun- 
 ton, Va., 1880-83; left min., 1884; with Middletown Fur. Co., 1884-95, 
 1907- ; farming in Va., 1895-00; tutor, Emaus Orphanage, 1900-07; m. 
 L. Ada Reese, 1885; children, Jno., Betty R.; res. Middletown, Pa. 
 
 HAY, EDWARD GRIER, b. Harrisburg, Pa., May 4, 1856; s. Chas. A. 
 and Sarah (Barnitz) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1878; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1877; ord. Al. Syn., 1878; pastor, Huntingdon, Pa., 
 1878-81; Pottsville, Pa., 1881-94; Red Hook, N. Y., 1894-07; Buffalo, 
 N. Y., 1907-09; Clarksburg, W. Va., 1909-12; Litchfield; Ill., 1912-14; 
 Webster City, Ia., 1914-16; St. Matt., Utica, N. Y., 1917-20; Gallup- 
 ville, N. Y., 1920-23; Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1923- 3; author, Hist. Luth. 
 Ch., Pottsville, Pa.; m. Laura Ella Buchanan, Sept. 16, 1879; s. Ed. B.; 
 she d. Oct. 19, 1913; m. Louise Hulda Schulze, Sept. 23, 1918; res., 
 Rhinebeck, N. Y. 
 
 HOMRIGHAUS, ALBERT, b. Berleburg, Westphalia, Ger., May 1, 1848; 
 s. John G. and Katharine (Groh) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1878; D.D., Wit. Col., 1914; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1877; ord. N. Y. 
 and N. J. Syn., 1878; pastor, Ger. Luth., Schenectady, N. Y., 1878-79; 
 Ger. Luth., Frostburg, Md., 1879-82; Zion, Washn., 1882-1903; Messiah, 
 Detroit, Mich., 1903-21; ret., 1921; dir. Wit. Col., 1908-  ; ed. Ger. dept. 
 Luth, Evangelist, 1895-1909; asst. tr. Koestlin’s Life of Luther; m. 
 Minnie Holle, Aug. 10, 1880; children, Albert H., Ruth F., Esther E., 
 4 d.; res., Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 LERCH, JOHN E., b. Curllsville, Pa., Feb. 28, 1850; s. Nathan W. and 
 Mary (Emhoff) L.; Sus. U., 1872-74; Gbg. Col., 1874-75; grad. Gbeg. 
 Sem., 1878; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1895; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1878; ord. O. B. 
 Syn., 1879; pastor, Ist, Jeffersontown, Ky., 1878-08; rt., 1908; m. 
 Susannah Jane Hoover, July 27, 1871; children, Aelpheus B., Luther L., 
 Chas. F., Jesse A., Meyrtie M., John E.; res., Rome, O. 
 
 McCUTCHEON, WILLIAM R., Gbg. Sem., 1875-78; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1877; 
 ord. same, 1878; pastor, Muncy, Pa., 1878-81; Dansville, N. Y., 1882-90; 
 Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1890-92; Circleville, O., 1892-93; ord. deacon, Epise. 
 Ch., 1894, and priest, 1895; rector, St. John’s, Lancaster, O.; went to 
 Kas., and then to Cincinnati O., where he d. 
 
 SNYDER, JEREMIAH MILTON, b. nr. New Franklin, Pa., May 15, 1848; 
 s. Jacob C. and Martha T. S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 
 459 
 
1876 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1878; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1877; ord. same, 1878; pastor, Elk Lick, Pa., 
 1878-79 ; Myersdale, Pa., 1879-84; Utica, Md., 1884-89; Funkstown, Md.; 
 1891-93; Tremont, Pa., 1895-97; Brush Valley, Pa., 1899-05; Mt. Pleas- 
 ant, Pa., 1905-08; member Phila. Ambulance Corps, 1898; clerk in 
 Homer City, Pa., Natl. Bank, 1908-15; m. Mary E. Shull, Mar. 6, 1879; 
 s. Jacob; she d. July 17, 1892; m. Araminta E. Rankin, June 30, 1902; 
 no children; author, Hist. Guilford Twp., Franklin Co., Pa.; he d. Feb. 
 6, 1916. 
 
 STOCK, CHARLES MILTON, b. nr. New Oxford, Pa., Mar. 16, 1855; s. 
 Danl. and Elizabeth (Wolf) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1874; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1878; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1898; lic. Al. Syn., 1877; ord. same, 1878; pas- 
 tor, Blairsville, Pa., 1878-80; Bedford, Pa., 1880-87; St. Mark’s, Han- 
 over, Pa., 1887-12; chaplain 5th Pa. N. G., 1883-97; dir. Gbg. Sem., f. 
 1885; trustee, Gbg. Col., f. 1894; com. Knights Templar of Pa., 1903- 
 04; pres., W. Pa. Syn., 1899-02; m. H. Mary McClean, Feb. 19, 1879; 
 children, Mrs. John U. Snively, Meta, McClean, Richard, Donald, Frad.; 
 d. June 4, 1913. 
 
 TOMLINSON, DANIEL SMITH ALTMAN, b. nr. St. Clairsville, Pa., 
 1846; s. Jos. W. and Catharine (Ling) T.; Gbg. Sem., 1875-77; ord. 
 Al. Syn., 1877; pastor, West End, Pa., 1877-84; left min., 1884; some 
 yrs. in Wis.; farming after 1884; m. Lavanda Berkheimer, Noy. 30, 
 1871; children, Winifred, Fidelia, Martin L., Robt., Stella; her res., 
 Buffalo Mills, Pa.; he d. 1918. 
 
 YOUNG, MARTIN LUTHER, b. nr. Middletown, Md., May 14, 1854; s. 
 Danl. and Susan C. Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1878; 
 Ph.D., Gbg. Col., 1890; lic. Md. Syn., 1877; ord. same, 1878; agt. for 
 Gbg. Col, 1878-83; pastor, Myersdale, Pa., 1883-02; St. Stephen’s, Cum- 
 berland, Md., 1902-04; m. Carrie Melissa Mann, July 14, 1903; no chil- 
 dren; d. Dec. 12, 1904. 
 
 1876 
 
 CROLL, PHILIP COLUMBUS, b. nr. Kutztown, Pa., Oct. 2, 1852; s. John 
 and Catharine (DeLong) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1879; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1904; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1878; ord. same, 1879; 
 pastor, Womelsdorf, Pa., 1879-82; St. Matt., Schuylkill Haven, Pa., 
 1882-92; 7th St., Lebanon, Pa., 1892-1909; 1st, Beardstown, IIl., 1909- 
 21; ret., 1921; trustee, Tressler Orphans’ Home, 6 yrs.; founder and ed. 
 The Pa.-Ger., 1900-05; author, Tributes to Luther, 1884: Historic Land- 
 marks of the Lebanon Valley, 1895: Art Work of Lebanon Co., 1895: 
 Annals of Womelsdorf and Tulpehocken Community, 1923; tr. Delitzsch: 
 Jewish Artisan Life and Jesus and Hillel, 1884; asst. tr. Koestlin’s Life 
 
 460 
 
ALUMNI 1876 
 
 of Luther; m. Sarah A. Greiss, Mar. 11, 1880; children, Edward E., 
 Rose W., Herbert G., Aimee K., Raymond P., Paul R., Alden T., Hilda 
 M.; res., Womelsdorf, Pa. 
 
 FREY, SAMUEL W., b. Luzerne Co., Pa., Nov. 28, 1849; Bloomsburg 
 Nor. Sch.; teaching, 1870-74; m. Alice Croll, c1852; 2 children; d. 
 Mar. 20, 1877. 
 
 FRITSCH, GEORGE WASHINGTON, b. Shamrock, Pa., June 27, 1851; 
 s. John and Maria (Glassmeter) F.; Kutztown Nor. Sch.; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1879; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1878; ord. N. Ill. Syn., 1880; pastor, Lena, 
 Ill., 1879-85; Lyon, Pa., 1885-91; Zion’s, Ashland, Pa., 1891-02; Trinity, 
 Amsterdam, N. Y., 1902-15; m. Susan G. Shields, July 15, 1880; chil- 
 dren, Mrs. David O. Decker, Mrs. Jas. Conant, Emily, Luther, 1 dau. 
 d. 1912; d. Apr. 23, 1920. 
 
 HENRY, GEORGE CONRAD, b. Pinegrove, Pa., Feb. 22, 1856; s. Elias 
 S. and Sarah A. (Conrad) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1879; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1907; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1878; ord. same, 1879; 
 pastor, Millersburg, Pa., 1879-82; St. John’s, Des Moines, Ia., 1883-94; 
 Mem., Shippensburg, Pa., 1894-09; trustee, Irving Col.; dir. Gbg. Sem.; 
 m. Henrietta Ulrich, June 1, 1880; children, Ruth C., Donald N., Geo. 
 H.; d. Jan. 18, 1909. 
 
 JACOBY, JAMES CALVIN, b. Mulberry, Ind., Nov. 23, 1850; s. Moses 
 and Christiana (Kauffman) J.; Wabash Col., 1870-74; A.B., Gbg. Col. 
 1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1879; D.D., 1895; lic. 1878; ord. N. Ind. Syn., 
 1879; pastor, Zanesville, Ind., 1879-83; Walton, Ind., 1883-86; West 
 Point, Neb., 1886-88; Nebraska City, Neb., 1888-92; Newton, Ia., 1892- 
 96; Webster City, Ia., 1896-1900; Sedalia, Mo., 1900-04; Queen City, 
 Mo., 1905-12; Wellington, Kas., 1912-22; Canon City, Col., 1922-25; m. 
 Martha M. Seybold, Aug. 19, 1875; dau. Lelia R.; she d. Apr. 13, 1901; 
 m. Mrs. Sophia L. Bloess, Dec. 25, 1902; m. Lilly M. Robbins, May 27, 
 1925; res., Holyoke, Col. 
 
 MELCHOR, OLIVER HOFFMAN, b. Bucks Co., Pa., Dec. 23, 1848; s. 
 Tobias and Susanna (Hoffman) M.; stud. Lafayette Col.; A.B., Gbeg. 
 Col., 1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1879; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1878; ord. same, 
 1879; pastor, Springtown, Pa., 1879- ; m. Mary Elizabeth Montfort, 
 Oct. 14, 1880; children, David M., Wm. T., Chas. C., May S.; res., 
 Springtown, Pa. 
 
 PROBST, LUTHER KOLB, b. Hummelstown, Pa., Oct. 15, 1857; s. John 
 F. and Anna R.. (Kolb) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1879; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1901; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1878; ord. same, 1879; 
 
 461 
 
1876 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 pastor, St. Andrew’s, Charleston, S. C., 1879-87; Columbus, O., 1903-08 ; 
 Grace, Fairmount, W. Va., 1908-15; gen. sec. so. miss. bd., 1887-03; m. 
 Emma G. Wood, Apr. 28, 1881; children, John F., Carrie M., Emily 
 W., Mrs. Thos. E. Middleton; d. Feb. 1, 1920. 
 
 ROSENSTENGEL, WILLIAM, b. Asel, Hesse-Darmstadt, Ger., Dec. 25, 
 1846; s. August and Katharine (Best) R.; emigrated, 1867; Carthage 
 Col., 1871-76; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1879; D.D., Carthage Col., 1901; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1878; ord. C. Ill. Syn., 1880; pastor, Fulton Co., Ill, 1879- 
 81; Nebraska City, Neb., 1881-84; Grand Island, Neb., 1884-88; Al- 
 buquerque, N. M., 1888-92; Beardstown, IIl., 1892-97; Carthage and 
 Pittsfield, Ill.; ed. Luth. Zions Bote, 1898-21; m. Margaret Walter, 
 Aug. 23, 1881; children, Mary S., Margaret, Minnie; d. Oct. 23, 1921. 
 
 SHIPMAN, WILLIAM ALFRED, b. Springfield, N. J., Sept. 9, 1852; s. 
 Wm. and Ann Elizabeth (Young) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1879; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1900; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1878; ord. 
 same, 1879; pastor, Grafton, W. Va., 1880-83; Frostburg, Md., 1883-86; 
 Hollidaysburg, Pa., 1886-90; Ist, Johnstown, Pa., 1890-11; trustee, Gbg. 
 Col., 1897- ; sometime dir. Tressler Orphanage and Gbg. Sem.; m. 
 Annie L. Breidenbaugh, May 20, 1880; child, M. Martineau; res., 
 Johnstown, Pa. 
 
 SMITH, SAMUEL EDWARD, b. Lovettsville, Va., Jan. 17, 1853; s. Wm. 
 and Caroline M. (Wenner) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1879; ord. N. Ill. Syn., 1879; pastor, Polo, Ill., 1879-80; Macomb, IIL, 
 1880-82; Elvira, Ia., 1882-87; Ponca, Neb., 1887-88; Newport, Pa., 1889- 
 94; Punxsutawney, Pa., 1895-99; Lamartine, Pa., 1899-05; Milvale, Pa., 
 1905-11; Idaville, Pa., 1911-14; Leighton, Pa., 1914-16; m. Fannie 
 Jeannette Musselman, May 5, 1881; s. Saml. E.; she d. Jan. 23, 1885; 
 m. Clara (Fulton) Huntington, Apr. 17, 1889; children, Raymond, Win- 
 fred, Donald V.; he d. Mar. 11, 1916. 
 
 WEIGLE, ELIAS DANIEL, b. Adams Co., Pa., Jan. 19, 1848; s. Christian 
 and Elizabeth W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1875; prof., Sus. U., 1875-76; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1878; D.D., Sus. U., 1894;, and Gbg. Col., 1899; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1877; ord. same, 1878; pastor, Littlestown, Pa., 1878-87; 1st, Al- 
 toona, Pa., 1887-96; Trinity, Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1896-12 Trinity, Camp 
 Hill, Pa., 1912-23; dir. Gbg. Sem.; prof., Irving Col., 1898-02; m. Han- 
 nah M. Bream, Oct. 16, 1879; children, Rev. Luther A.; Danl. E., Har- 
 riet E.; d. Aug. 27, 1923. 
 
 YUTZY, JACOB, b. Myersdale, Pa. May 24, 1847; s. Jacob and Maria 
 (Pfeil) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1879; D.D., Hart. 
 462 
 
ALUMNI 1877 
 
 Sem.; lic. Md. Syn., 1878; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1879; pastor, Boalsburg, 
 Pa., 1879-82; Selinsgrove, Pa., 19 yrs., pastor and prof.; Peoria, IIl.; 
 Carthage, Ill.; Salinas, Calif., 1919-23; author, Luther as Preacher, 
 L. Q.; m. Mary Julia Ida Breidenbaugh, Oct. 6, 1880; children, Mary 
 E., Anna K., Edward; res., Trinidad, Wash. 
 
 1877 
 
 ALBRIGHT, GEORGE H., b. Blair Co., Pa., Jan. 22, 1852; A.B., Carthage 
 Col., 1877; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1880; lic. Al. Syn., 1879; ord. C. Ill. Syn., 
 1880; pastor, Mt. Carmel, Ill., 1880-84; Beatrice, Neb., 1884-88; Rising 
 City, Neb., 1888-90; Lincoln, Neb., 1890-98; Roca, Neb., 1898-99; m. 
 Almira Jane Acker, Nov. 4, 1880; 2 daus.; d. Oct. 24, 1899. 
 
 BAUM, WILLIAM MILLER, JR., b. Winchester, Va. June 30, 1858; s. 
 Wm. M. and Maria L. (Croll) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1880; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1903; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1879; ord. same, 
 1880; pastor, Central, Phoenixville, Pa., 1880-83; St. Mark’s, Canajo- 
 harie, N. Y., 1883- ; trustee, Hart. Sem., 24 yrs.; pres. bd., Hart. 
 Sem., 15 yrs.; unmarried; res., Canajoharie, N. Y. 
 
 FREEMAN, GEORGE RUDOLPH, b. Hunterstown, Pa., Sept. 20, 1850, 
 s. Saml. and Maria (Wetzel) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; stud. Yale, 
 1876-77; Gbg. Sem., 1877-c79; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1877-78; prin., Female 
 Sem., Gbg., Pa., 1879-81; B.D., Yale, 1885, Harvard, 1889; A.M., Yale, 
 1886, Harvard, 1890; Hooker Fellow at U. of Berlin, 1886-88; prof., 
 Bethlehem, Pa., Acad., 1881; prof., Meadville, Pa., Theo. Sch., 1890-98 ; 
 m. Mary Elizabeth Wilcox, June, 1886; she was prof. Meadville Theo. 
 Sch., 1898-01; her present res., Northborough, Mass.; he d. Apr. 10, 1898. 
 
 FURST, MARTIN LUTHER, b. nr. Salona, Pa., Jan. 13, 1844; s. Saml. 
 and Mary F.; Sus. U.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1880; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1879; 
 ord. same, 1880; pastor, Hartleton, Pa., 1880-84; Salona, Pa., 1884-86; 
 Monongahela City, Pa., 1886-90; Fayetteville, Pa., 1892-95; Ramapo, N. 
 Y., 1895-1900; Ray’s Hill, Pa., 1902-04; Brandonville, W. Va., 1904-06; 
 Butler, Ind., 1906-08; m. Austa Elder, Sept. 20, 1888; s. Gordon; d. 
 Oct. 8, 1908. 
 
 FURST, SAMUEL EGGERS, b. near Salona, Pa., Dec. 20, 1838; s. Saml. 
 and Mary F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1863; teaching and studying law, 1863-67; 
 admitted to the bar, 1867, and practiced at Williamsport, Pa., 1867-77; 
 Gbg. Sem., 1877-78; ord. Sus. Syn., 1878; pastor, Bellefonte, Pa., 1878- 
 86; New Berlin, Pa., 1886-90; Schellsburg, Pa., 1890-94; m. S. Alice 
 Bowman, June 4, 1872; she d.; m. Emma Amelia Oldt, Sept. 29, 1892; 
 d. Aug. 14, 1894. 
 
 463 
 
1877 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 KAUTZ, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, b. Baden, Ger., June 8, 1851; s. Henry 
 and Magdalena (Longyear) K.; emigrated, 1854; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1880; lic. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1879; ord. Al. Syn., 
 1880; pastor, McConnellsburg, Pa., 1880-88; 2nd, Carlisle, Pa., 1888-90; 
 Millersburg, Pa., 1890-95; Beaver Springs, Pa., 1895-98; Seven Val- 
 leys, Pa., 1898-07; Jersey Shore, Pa., 1907-11; Lairdsville, Pa., 1912-17; 
 supply, Windsor Park, York, Pa., and Spry, Pa., 1918-21; m. Minerva 
 Hilliard, Aug. 26, 1880; children, Arlington W., Eugene C., Paul H., 
 Roy M., Florence M., 1 d.; d. Apr. 10, 1921. 
 
 KOLLER, WILLIAM C., b. York Co., Pa. Aug. 14, 1852; s. Henry and 
 Anna M. K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; d. May 8, 1878. 
 
 LEWARS, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Mobrsville, Pa., Nov. 5, 1849; s. Jas. 
 and Catherine (Snyder) L.; Dickinson Sem.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1880; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1879; ord. same, 1880; pastor, S. Easton, Pa., 1880-81; 
 Macungie, Pa., 1881-82; Mahanoy City, Pa., 1882-86; Lititz, Pa., 1886- 
 90; Annville, Pa., 1890-97; m. Valeria Steck, Feb. 2, 1881; children, 
 Harold, Ralph, Chas.; d. Mar. 18, 1897. 
 
 RENTZ, WILLIAM FRAZENIUS, b. nr. Montgomery, Pa., Sept. 2, 1851; 
 s. Peter and Lydia R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1876; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1880; 
 ord. 1880; pastor, New Chester, Pa., Lionville, Pa., Atchison, Kas., 
 Port Arthur, Tex., Pottsville, Pa. St. Jnos., Williamsport, Pa.; rt., 
 1919; m. Susan Snavely, Sept. 30, 1880; children, Geo., Marie, Helen; 
 d. Jan. 27,1925. 
 
 SHARP, HENRY, b. Cromford, Eng., Sept. 13, 1850; s. Robt. and Mary 
 A. S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; Gbg. Sem., 1877-79; lic. Hart. Syn., 1879; 
 ord. same, 1880; supply Chatham, N. Y., 1879-80; Sandyville, O., 1886- 
 87; pastor, Morristown, N. Y., 1880-81; Pottawatomie, Kas., 1881-82; 
 Hays City, Kas., 1882-84; Washn., O., 1885-86; Grace, Brooklyn, N. Y., 
 1887-94; farming near Manhattan, Kas., 1895-14; d. Oct. 15, 1914. 
 
 SHINDEL, ALTER YOUNG, b. Sunbury, Pa., May 16, 1858; s. M. Luther 
 and Catherine L. S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; d. May 8, 1878. 
 
 SORG, CHARLES, f. Kenton, O.; to Mo. Syn.; at Hemlock, Mich., 1883- 
 85; Weyanwega, Wis., 1886; Merrill, Wis., 1887; Milwaukee, Wis., 
 1888-92; dropped by Wis. Dist. Mo. Syn., 1888. 
 
 STINE, MILTON HENRY, b. E. Prospect, Pa., Sept. 4, 1853; s. Adam 
 and Barbara (Schoenberger) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1880; Ph.D., Gbg. Col., 1895; D.D., Sus. U., 1909; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 
 
 464 
 
ALUMNI 1873 
 
 1879; ord. 1880; pastor, Maytown, Pa., 1880-83; Lebanon, Pa., 1883-92, 
 1908-15; Los Angeles, Calif., 1892-95; Harrisburg, Pa., 1895-04; Al- 
 toona, Pa., 1905-08; Wilmington, Del., 1915-20; Hollywood, Calif., 
 1920- ; prof., Irving Col., 1 yr.; author, Studies on the Rel. Probs, of 
 Our Country: Winter Jaunt Through Historic Lands: The Niemans: 
 The Devil’s Bride: The Fortunes of a Foundling; dir. Gbg. Sem., 
 1895-1904; m. Mary J. Atland, June 24, 1880; children, Chas. M., Walter 
 S.; res., Hollywood, Calif. 
 
 TRUMP, CHARLES SAMUEL, b. Manchester, Md., Mar. 6, 1856; s. Geo. 
 
 and Elizabeth (Krantz) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1880; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1912; lic. Md. Syn., 1879; ord. same, 1880; pas- 
 tor, Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 1880-82; Centerville, Pa., 1882-88; St. 
 John’s, Martinsburg, W. Va., 1888-19; trustee, Irving Col. and Luth. 
 Home for the Aged, Washn.; m. Eva S. Schick, Mar. 6, 1883; children, 
 Harold, Chas., Frank, Mrs. Boss., Bessie; d. Oct. 5, 1919. 
 
 WEST, JONATHAN ALBERT, b. McAlisterville, Pa. Oct. 8, 1851; s. 
 
 Jonathan and Sarah (Snyder) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; Gbg. Sem., 
 1877-78; Sus. U., 1878-79; ord. Sus. Syn., 1879; pastor, Liberty Center, 
 Ta., Lyons Sta., Ind., Bryant, Ind., Loudonville, O., Convoy, O., Mont- 
 pelier, O., Monroeville, Ind., Berrien Springs, Mich., Corunna, Ind.; 
 prof., Carthage Col., 1883-84; rt., 1914; m. K. Elizabeth Baker, July 4, 
 1877; children, Maurice B., Paul H., Mary G.; she d. Mar. 15, 1923; m. 
 Katherine Louise Stolz, May 29, 1924; res., Montpelier, O. 
 
 WILE, HENRY BARR, b. Pinegrove, Pa., Mar. 6, 1855; s. Henry and 
 
 Elizabeth (Barr) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1880; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1898; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1879; ord. same, 1880; pastor, 
 College Hill, Easton, Pa., 1880-85; Staunton, Va., 1885-86; 1st, Carlisle, 
 Pa., 1886-99; trustee, Gbg. Col., and Tressler Orphans’ Home; dir. Gbg. 
 Sem.; member bd. ch. ext. G. S.; m. Carrie Louisa Fahnestock, Nov. 
 10, 1880; d. Oct. 26, 1899. 
 
 1878 
 
 ASPER, JOHN ULRICH, b. Adams Co., Pa., Nov. 21, 1849; s. Absalom 
 and Sarah (Plank) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1881; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1880; ord. same, 1881; pastor, Mt. Joy, Pa., 1881-87; 
 Salem, Md., 1887-91; Utica, Md., 1892-05; Lemasters, Pa., 1905-13; 
 m. Ella May Bush, Dec. 30, 1884; dau. Nellie R.; d. June 9, 1921. 
 
 BELL, ALBERT, b. nr. Leitersburg, Md. Sept. 28, 1855; s. Jonas and 
 
 Catharine A. (Mickley) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1881; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1916; lic. Md. Syn., 1881; ord. same, 1882; pas- 
 
 465 
 
1878 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 tor, Reisterstown, Md., 1881-84; Newton, Ia., 1884-87; Williamsport, 
 Pa., 1888-90; Boiling Springs, Pa., 1890-93; St. Luke’s, York, Pa., 
 1894-  ; m. Elizabeth C. Cashman, Feb. 8, 1882; children, W. A. Rus- 
 sell, Albert D., Ralph E., Katharine A.; res., York, Pa. 
 
 DELP, WILLIAM SPEECE, b. Chalfont, Pa., Nov. 19, 1847; Gbg. Col., 
 1871-73; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1881; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1880; ord. same, 1881; 
 pastor, Chalfont, Pa., 1881-82; Uniontown, Md., 1882-90; Long Val- 
 ley, N. J., 1891-19; m. Margaret J. Knecht, Oct. 21, 1881; children, 
 Mrs. E. C. Welsh, Edna; d. Feb. 10, 1920. 
 
 DYSINGER, HOLMES, b. Mifflintown, Pa., Mar. 26, 1853; s. Jos. and 
 Mary (Patterson) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1882; 
 Leipsic U., 1910; D.D., Wit. Col., 1889; LL.D., Midland Col., 1917; lic. 
 C. Pa. Syn., 1881; ord. same, 1883; pastor, Polo, Ill., 1895-1900; Ist, 
 Kansas City, Mo.; tch., Pa. Schs., 1870-75; prof., Gbg. Acad., 1878-82; 
 prof., N. C. Col., 1882-83; prof., Newberry Col., 1883-88; prof., So. 
 Sem., 1884-88; pres., Carthage Col. 1888-95; prof., Western Sem., 
 1905- ; dean same, 1910- ; mem. Com. Adj., U. L. C., 1918-  ; m. 
 Ada Frances Ray, Sept. 22, 1886; children, Mary R., Cornelia, Margaret 
 E., Helen F., Dorothy H.; res., Fremont, Neb. 
 
 GETTLE, WILLIAM G., b. Lincoln, Pa., Jan. 27, 1850; A.B., Carthage 
 Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1881; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1880; ord. Al. Syn., 
 1881; pastor, Addison, Pa., 1881-83; Fryburg, Pa., 1883-85; Green- 
 ville, O., 1885-89; m. Rosa A. Snyder, Sept. 28, 1881; six children; d. 
 Dec. 13, 1916. 
 
 GLANDING, WILLIAM MARQUARD BEETEM, b. Altoona, Pa. May 
 27, 1856; s. John N. and Caroline A. G.; A.B., Dickinson Col., 1878; 
 Phi Beta Kappa; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1881; lic. Al. Syn., 1880; ord. C. 
 Pa. Syn., 1881; pastor, Newport, Pa., 1881-84; Lock Haven, Pa., 1884- 
 87; St. Jas., Ashland, Pa., 1889-98; St. Matt., York, Pa., 1898-02; Grace, 
 Scranton, Pa., 1903; Ist Eng., Syracuse, N. Y., 1903-13; Bellefonte, 
 Pa., 1913-17; prof. Midland Col., 1887-89; m. Annie E. Howe, June 5, 
 1883; dau., Margaret L.; d. Sept. 23, 1917. 
 
 GLAZE, ALFRED RAUP, b. Turbotville, Pa. May 22, 1853; s. Stephen 
 and Rachel (Raup) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; Gbg. Sem., 1878-80; ord. 
 Sus. Syn., 1880; pastor, New Berlin, Pa., 1880-83; Fayette, N. Y., 1883- 
 88; Martins Creek, Pa., 1888-94; Espy, Pa., 1894-97; Jersey Shore, Pa., 
 1900-03; trav. salesman, 1903-18; united with Presby. Ch. June, 1922; 
 m. Emma Jane Seidel, June 22, 1880; children, Ruth, Naomi, Esther, 
 Paul, Luther, Raymond; res., Jersey Shore, Pa. 
 
 466 
 
ALUMNI 1878 
 
 HARTMAN, JAMES ALBERT, b. Adams Co., Pa. Sept. 27, 1854; s. 
 Moses and Elizabeth (Rebert) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg 
 Sem., 1881; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1880; ord. same, 1881; pastor, Lamertine, 
 Pa., 1882-84; Emporia, Kas., 1884-85; St. Thomas, Pa., 1885-96; Bell- 
 wood, Pa., 1886-98; Sunbury, Pa., 1898- ; m. Ida Belle Hamsher, Apr. 
 10, 1888; s. Paul H.; res., Sunbury, Pa. 
 
 LENTZ, HUALPHA MAXIMUS, b. nr. Statesville, N. C., Apr. 20, 1851; s. 
 Jacob and Catherine L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1881; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1880; ord. N. Ill. Syn., 1881; pastor, Mt. Morris, Ill, 
 1881-83; Eureka, Kas., 1883-84; Fairfield, Ia., 1884-88; Florence, Ky., 
 1890-1900; Shepherdstown, W. Va., 1900-02; fin. sec., Carthage Col., 
 1888-89; m. Mary S. Long, June 20, 1882; children, Ruth L., Mary K., 
 Luther H.; she d. Sept., 1892; m. Mrs, Laura M. (Fair) LaMott, Oct. 
 25, 1894; s. John M.; ed. and mgr. Luth. World, 1898-1900; author, 
 Hist. Luth, Ch. in Boone Co., Ky., 1902; he d. Sept. 9, 1902. 
 
 McCONNELL, CHAMBERS LUTHER, b. Port Royal, Pa. May 4, 1854; 
 s. Danl. and Anna C. (Sailor) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1881; D.D., Sus. U., 1905; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1880; ord. same, 1881; 
 pastor, Yeagertown, Pa., 1881-86; Belleville, Pa., 1886-97; Mifflinburg, 
 Pa., 1897-06; miss. in N. D., 1906- ; m. Harriet Haslett, Mar. 29, 1882; 
 children, Danl. L., Helen C., Paul H.; res., Church’s Ferry, N. D. 
 
 ROTH, OLIVER CORNELIUS, b. Orefield, Pa., Jan. 27, 1855; s. Cornelius 
 and Caroline (Westco) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1881; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1903; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1880; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 
 1881; pastor, Silver Run, Md., 1881-83; Trinity, Taneytown, Md., 1883- 
 89; Grace, Balto., 1889-98; Ist, Altoona, Pa., 1898-08; 1st, Chambers- 
 burg, Pa., 1908-15; dir. Gbg. Sem.; trustee, Tressler Orphans’ Home; 
 member bd, For. Miss.; m. Grace C. Harper, Dec. 14, 1881; she d. Feb. 
 26, 1914; he d. July 10, 1915. 
 
 SHETLER, DANIEL AUGUSTUS, b. Reading, Pa. May 12, 1856; s. Danl. 
 and Amanda S.; A.B., Muhlenberg Col., 1878; Gbg. Sem., 1878-79; ord. 
 Sus. Syn., 1882; pastor, Saddle River, N. J., 1882-86; Shenandoah, Pa., 
 1886-88; Nokomis, IIll., 1888-91; Quincy, Ill., 1891-96; applied to Episc. 
 Ch. in Phila. for Holy Orders Jan. 9, 1899, but name subsequently re- 
 moved; res. unknown. 
 
 STUMP, ADAM, b. nr. York, Pa. July 7, 1854; s. Adam and Mary 
 (Geesey) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1881; D.D., Sus. 
 U., 1903; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1880; ord. same, 1881; pastor, Rossville, Pa., 
 1881-83; York Springs, Pa., 1883-85; North Platte, Neb., 1885-90; 
 
 467 
 
1879 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Quickel’s chge., York Co., Pa., 1890-22; trustee, York Co., Acad.; m. 
 Emma Orlena Yount, Oct. 13, 1881; children, Earle, Orlena, Eugene, 
 Raymond, Theda, Florence; d. Mar. 18, 1922. . 
 
 1879 
 
 BARCLAY, EDWARD E., lic. Mia. Syn., 1884; ord. S. C. Syn, 1886; 
 pastor, Newark, O., 1884-86; Augusta, Ga., 1886-88; at Guyton, Ga., 
 1888, and dismissed to Ga. Syn.; name does not appear after 1890. 
 
 BROWN, THOMAS SHANNON, b. Wythe Co., Va., Nov. 24, 1857; s. 
 Jos. and Sarah (Hudson) B.; A.B., Roanoke Col.; grad. Gbg. Col., 
 1882; lic. Md. Syn., 1881; ord. S. W. Va. Syn., 1882; pastor, St. Mark’s, 
 Charlotte, N. C., 1882-89; Roanoke, Va., 1890-95; Mt. Zion, Pgh. Pa., 
 1895-09; Lexington, S. C., 1909-13; Burlington, N. C., 1913-22; Flor- 
 ence, S. C., 1922- ;m. Lucy Dillord, May 27, 1886; res., Florence, S. C. 
 
 DELK, EDWIN HEYL, b. Norfolk, Va. Aug. 15, 1859; s. Ed. H. and 
 Margaret (Esher) D.; A.B., Cent. H. S., Phila., 1879; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1882; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1904; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1882; pastor, Schoharie, 
 N. Y., 1882-85; Trinity, Hagerstown, Md., 1885-02; St. Matt., Phila., 
 1902- ; member Deaconess Bd., 1890-  ; dir. Home for Aged, Washn. ; 
 dir. Gbg. Sem.; pres. bd. same, 1925- ; sometime lecturer Temple U.; 
 member com. on Int. Justice and Gd. Will, Fed. Coun. of Chs., 1910- ; 
 pres. Phila. Fed. of Chs.; author, Three Vital Problems: New Pagan- 
 ism and the Old Faith: Need of a Restatement of Theology: Life of 
 Chas, Albert, D.D.; m. Ella Buehler, 1883; children, Ed. B., Margaret 
 E.; she d. 1901; m. Adeline Grim Miller, 1905; res., Phila. 
 
 DIVENS, GEORGE SCHMUCKER, b. Duncannon, Pa., Feb. 10, 1860; s. 
 Wm. H. and Sarah (Shoup) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1879; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1882; D.D., W. Ia. Col., 1910; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1881; ord. same, 1882; 
 asst. Christ, N. Y. City, 1888-90; pastor, Boalesburg, Pa., 1882-84; Atch- 
 ison, Kas., 1884-87; Salona, Pa., 1887-88; Carey, O., 1890-91; Wilber, 
 Neb., 1891-92; Statesville, N. C., 1895-96; Trenton, Miss., 1897-00; 
 Olney, Ill., 1900-01; Blacksburg, Va., 1905-06; Ickesburg, Pa., 1908-13; 
 rt., 1913; m. Lulu Stebbins, 1891; children, Geo. S., Ruth A.; res., 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 EWALD, PETER, b. Syracuse, N. Y., July 28, 1856; A.B., Carthage Col., 
 1879; irr. Gbg. Sem., 1879-84; lic. Kan. Syn., 1886; ord. Neb. Syn., 
 1888; pastor, Ottawa, Kas., 1886-87; Long Island, Kas., 1887-88; Or- 
 leans, Neb., 1888-89; Stella, Neb., 1889-91; Punxsutawney, Pa., 1891-94; 
 m. Clara Ann Scheffer, Jan. 31, 1888; children, Paul P., Mark S.; d. 
 June 14, 1900. 
 
 468 
 
ALUMNI 1880 
 
 FELTON, EPHRAIM, b. Everett, Pa., Aug. 24, 1857; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
 1879; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1882; lic. Al. Syn., 1881; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 
 1882; pastor, West Fairview, Pa., 1882-83; St. Paul’s, Balto., 1883-87; 
 St. Jas., Ashland, Pa., 1887-89; Messiah, Balto., 1889-15; m. Jane E. 
 Kerr, Nov. 21, 1882; d. Dec. 20, 1915. 
 
 GAVER, MARTIN DANIEL, b. Burkettsville, Md., Nov. 14, 1849; s, Danl. 
 and Margaret C. (Shafer) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1879; grad. Gbg. Sem.,: 
 1882; lic. Md. Syn., 1881; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1882; pastor, Mt. Holly 
 Springs, Pa., 1882-90; Williamsport, Md., 1890-10; Belleville, O., 1910- 
 12; Orrville, O., 1912-20; London, O., 1920-23; m. Emma J. Fair- 
 banks, 1882; children, Mary, Ella, Carroll; d. Nov. 28, 1923. 
 
 HANKEY, UPTON AUGUSTUS LUTHER EYLER, b. Two Taverns, Pa., 
 Nov. 4, 1856; s. John A. and Margaret C. (Eyler) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 
 1879; Gbg. Sem., 1879-81; B.D., Maywood Sem., 1914; D.D., Gbg. Col., 
 1909; lic. Md. Syn., 1881; ord. same, 1883; pastor, Idaville, Pa., 1884-90; 
 Connellsville, Pa., 1890-95; Bendersville, Pa., 1895-02; 1st, New Ken- 
 sington, Pa., 1902-16; m. Hannah M. Gettier, July 27, 1884; she d. 
 Aug. 12, 1921; he d. Jan. 3, 1916. 
 
 KUHLMAN, LUTHER. See Faculty, page 331. 
 
 OBERHOLTZER, HORACE MANN, b. Lionville, Pa.; s. Elias and Cath- 
 arine (Acker) O.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1882; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1881; ord. 
 same, 1882; pastor, Tyrone, Pa., 1882-91; Logansport, Ind., 1891-93; 
 Salina, Kas., 1893-98; Troy, N. Y., 1898-1921; actg. Woodstock, N. Y., 
 1921- ; D.D., Hart. Sem., 1908; m. Elizabeth R. Whitehead, Sept. 18, 
 1890; dau. Katherine A.; res., Schenectady, N. Y. 
 
 SHRADER, ALBERT B., b. Mt. Carmel, IIl., Nov. 10, 1854; s. Peter F. 
 and Cordelia (Ray) S.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1879; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1882; D.D., Midland Col., 1913; lic. Al. Syn., 1881; ord. Neb. Syn., 
 1882; pastor, Ponca, Neb., 1882-86; Grand Island, Neb., 1886-89; 
 Cedar Rapids, Ia., 1889-92; Nevada, Ia., 1892-1900; Lawrence, Kas., 
 1900-01; Shelby, O., 1901-04; Children’s Mem., Kansas City, Mo., 1905- 
 09; Oregon, Ill., 1910-11; Trinity, Kansas City, Kas., 1911-17; St. 
 Johns, Kansas City, Mo., 1922- ; field sec., Carthage Col., 1904-05; 
 assoc. Kountze Mem., Omaha, Neb., 1918-19; ret., 1919-22; m. Hattie 
 F, Tillapaugh, Apr. 26, 1883; children, Helen, Ruth, Harlan, Naomi; 
 res., Kansas City, Mo. , 
 
 1880 
 
 BOWERS, GEORGE SPENER, b. Jefferson, Md., Aug. 3, 1858; s. Henry 
 and Matilda (Feidt) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1880; Gbg. Sem., 1880-82; 
 D.D., Roanoke Col., 1908; tutor, Burkittsville Female Sem., 1882-84; 
 
 469 
 
1880 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; pastor, Grafton, W. Va., 1884-85; 
 Upper Frankford, Pa., 1885-88; St. Luke’s, York, Pa., 1888-93; St. 
 Mark’s, Hagerstown, Md., 1893-02; Grace, Winchester, Va., 1902-18; 
 Incarnation, Balto., 1918- ; m. Frances Annette Dorey, Oct. 8, 1884; 
 children, Ethel M., Melville D., G. Hubert; res., Balto. 
 
 EYLER, CLARENCE ALBERT, b. Waynesboro, Pa., Jan. 29, 1858; s. 
 David and Christiana (Kurtz) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1883; lic. Md. Syn., 1882; ord. Ia. Syn., 1883; pastor, Ely, Ia., 
 1883-85; Lisbon, Ia., 1885-87; Minneapolis, Kas., 1887-89; Leavenworth, 
 Kas., 1889-91; Trenton, N. J., 1892-94; rt., 1894; m. Myrtle A. Bos- 
 ton, Aug. 10, 1886; no children; res., Collingswood, N. J. 
 
 FISCHER, AUGUST HERMANN FRANCKE, b. Berlin, Pa., Nov. 2, 1854; 
 s. John H. and Anna E. (Gilbert) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1883; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1902; lic. Al. Syn., 1882; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 
 1883; pastor, New Bloomfield, Pa, 1883-89; Barren Hill, Pa., 1889-94; 
 St. Paul’s, Easton, Pa., 1894-1913; Phoenixville, Pa., 1915-25; trustee, 
 Tressler Orphans’ Home, 4 yrs.; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1899-1925; m. Annie E. 
 C. Picking, Oct. 30, 1884; s. Harry A. P.; d. Nov. 5, 1925. 
 
 FLECK, LINDLEY NEFF, b. Sinking Valley, Pa., Nov. 14, 1850; s. Ga- 
 briel and Rebecca (Stoner) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1884; D.D., Sus. U., 1910; lic. Al. Syn., 1883; ord. same, 1884; pastor, 
 Rockwood, Pa., 1885-88; Friends Cove, Pa., 1888-92; Nippenose Val- 
 ley, Pa., 1892-94; Stoystown, Pa., 1894-04; Zion, Center Co., Pa., 1905- 
 10; Newry, Pa., 1910-13; E. Altoona, Pa., 1913-16; Pine Grove Mills, 
 Pa., 1916-19; rt., 1919; tutor, Sus. U., 1881-82, and Gbg. Prep., 1882-84; 
 m. Emma E. Henderson, Apr. 21, 1886; no children; res. Tyrone, Pa. 
 
 HEISLER, CHARLES WASHINGTON, b. Minersville, Pa., May 16, 1857; 
 s. Wm. L. and S. H. H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; Gbg. Sem., 1880-83; 
 D.D., Wittenberg Col., 1900; lic. Md. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; pas- 
 tor, Belleville, Pa., 1883-86; 1st, Los Angeles, Calif., 1886-92; 1st, Colo. 
 Springs, Colo., 1892; St. Paul’s, Denver, Colo., 1892-98; 1st, Albany, 
 N. Y., 1901-09; supt. ref. force, Denver, Colo., 1898-99; pres. Sus. U., 
 1899-01; m. Anna M. Bingham, Aug. 13, 1884; children, Anna M., 
 Chas.; tr. Gerhard’s Sac. Meditations, 1896; author, Passion of Our 
 Lord, 1904; d. May 16, 1909. 
 
 HOCKER, MARTIN PETER, b. Union Deposit, Pa., Oct. 1, 1853; s. Geo. 
 and Barbara (Martin) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1883; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1909; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; 
 pastor, St. John’s, Steelton, Pa., 1883-14; Upper Dublin, Ambler, Pa., 
 
 470 
 
ALUMNI 1880 
 
 1914- ; tutor, Emaus Orphanage, Middletown, Pa., 1914-22; m. Millie 
 A. Farnsler, July 5, 1883; children, Geo., Martin L. Mary, Leona, 
 Frances W., John S.; res., Ambler, Pa. 
 
 MAURER, JACOB EVAN, b. Somerset Co., Pa., Oct. 27, 1854; s. Jere- 
 miah and Susannah (Bowman) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1883; lic. Al. Syn., 1882; ord. Kan. Syn., 1883; pastor, Lawrence, 
 Kas., 1883-84; Hardy, Neb., 1885-90; Washington, Kas., 1890-91; Grace, 
 Butler, Pa., 1891-92; Miss. Supt. Pgh. S. Syn., 1893-95; pastor, Trinity, 
 Boonsboro, Md., 1895-1903; Lititz, Pa., 1903-09; Mt. Carroll, Ill., 1909- 
 11; Minerva, O., 1911-14; Lovettsville, Va., 1914-18; Stoyestown, Pa., 
 1918-22; Mt. Holly Springs, Pa., 1822- ; m. Annie Hester Harris, 
 Sept. 29, 1885; children, Margaret L., Ruth M., Mary W., Theodore C.; 
 she d. July 17, 1906; m. Alice Stormfeltz, July 27, 1909; res., Mt. Holly 
 Springs, Pa. 
 
 McSHERRY, GEORGE W., b. E. Berlin, Pa., Dec. 10, 1854; s. Michael 
 and Susannah (Weaver) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1883; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; pastor, Bendersville, 
 Pa., 1883-90; Taneytown, Md., 1890-96; Boiling Springs, Pa., 1898-1903; 
 Mt. Pleasant, Pa., 1903-10; N. Washn., Pa., 1910-15; New Florence, 
 Pa., 1915-18; New Berlin, Pa., 1918- ; m. Endora Lucas, Dec. 19, 
 1882; children, Estelle E., Naomi P., Hubert L.; res., New Berlin, Pa. 
 
 METZGER, JOHN ALBERT, b. Manchester, Pa., Apr. 5, 1855; s. Zachar- 
 ias and Maria M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1883; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; pastor, W. Manheim, Pa., 1883-08; 
 m. Mamie C. Culp, Sept. 25, 1884; children, Paul, Ruth; d. Apr. 2, 1909. 
 
 POFFINBERGER, MARTIN L., suspended by faculty, Dec. 1, 1882; lic. 
 Md. Syn., 1882, but withdrawn, 1883; entered ministry Episc. Ch.; now d. 
 
 SCOTT, WILLIAM DOSH EARNSHAY, b. Adams Co., Pa., Feb. 6, 1856; 
 s. Hugh G. and Elizabeth (Eyler) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1883; lic. Md. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; pastor, Loysville, Pa., 
 1883-1906; Tressler Orphans’ Home, 1907-15; Bendersville, Pa., 1916- 
 23; ret., 1923; trustee, Tressler Orphans’ Home; m. Laura Edwards 
 Pfeffer, Nov. 20, 1884; children, Hugh P., Helen E., Paul E., Wm. E., 
 Luther H., Jas. H., Mary J., Ruth K., Harry C.; res., Gettysburg. 
 
 TROXELL, MILLARD FRANCIS, b. Cumberland, Md., Oct. 25, 1857; s. 
 John and Christina (Sponseller) T.; A.B. Gbg. Col., 1880; Gbg. Sem., 
 1880-82; D.D., Carthage Col., 1894; lic. Md. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 
 1883; pastor, Eureka, Kas., 1882-84; Kansas City, Mo., 1884-88; Spring- 
 
 471 
 
1881 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 field, Ill., 1889-99; St. Joseph, Mo., 1899-1904; Topeka, Kas., 1912-16; 
 Valley Falls, Kas., 1920-21; Denver, Col., 1921-24; Chaplain, Ill. State 
 Senate, 1894-96; pres., Midland Col., 1904-12; chaplain Topeka State 
 Hospital, 1914-16; chaplain and supt. Boys’ Ind. Sch., Topeka, Kas., 
 1916-20; m. Julia Thompson Forney, Oct. 10, 1882; no children; she d. 
 Sept., 1883; m. Juliet Nebinger, Ensminger, Feb. 21, 1889; children, 
 Mark G., Irene, Millard B., Edith F., John P.; res., Denver, Col. 
 
 WOLF, LUTHER BENIAH, b. Abbottstown, Pa., Nov. 29, 1857; s. John ~ 
 G. and Eleanor C. (Bittinger) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1883; Fellow Madras U., 1893; D.D., Wit. Col., 1902; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; apptd. miss. to India, Dec. 28, 1882; prin., 
 Am. Luth. Col., Guntur, 1885-1907; sec. bd. foreign miss. G. S., 1908-18; 
 treas. same, 1911-18; sec.-treas. same, U. L. C., 1918- ; Ist ed. Gospel 
 Witness; author, After 50 Yrs. in India, 1893: Missionary Heroes, 1908; 
 m. Alice Catherine Benner, July 3, 1883; children, Geo. B., Edith N., 
 Eleanor B., Anna D., Paul B.; res., Balto. 
 
 1881 
 
 BYERS, JACOB WILLIAM, b. Littlestown, Pa., Mar. 27, 1855; s. John 
 and Eliza (Getty) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1881; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1884; 
 Ph.D., Curry U., 1894; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1883; ord. same, 1884; pastor, 
 Upper Sandusky, O., 1884-87, 1898-01; Alliance, O., 1887-89; Myers- 
 dale, O., 1889-91; Nevada, O., 1891-98; mfgr., 1900-05; m. Ida M. 
 Stoll, Sept. 14, 1886; children, Helen E., Romaine E.; d. Sept. 28, 1925. 
 
 EICHELBERGER, GEORGE WILLIAM. Member Cumberland Presby. 
 Ch.; pastor, Albion, Ill., 1879-81; united with Presby. Ch., 1906; d. 
 May 15, 1920. 
 
 EYSTER, CHARLES MICHAEL, b. Thomasville, Pa., Dec. 21, 1857; s. 
 John and Susan (Schmucker) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1881; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1884; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1883; ord. same, 1884; pastor, Seven Val- 
 leys, Pa., 1884-85; Manchester, Md., 1885-1900; Ist Ger. U. E., Balto., 
 1900- ; m. Marguerite Crumrine, Apr. 22, 1886; dau. Treva M.; res., 
 Balto. 
 
 GRAICHEN, JOHN GEORGE, b. Balto.; s. F. August and Ernestine 
 (Schroeder) G.; Roanoke Col., 3 yrs.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1883; lic. Md. 
 Syn., 1882; ord. Ia. Syn., 1883; pastor, Iowa City, Ia., 1883-86; Hays 
 City, Kas., 1886-87; Lexington, S. C., 1888-1907; Waynesboro, Va., 
 1907-12; Morristown, Tenn., 1912-16; m. Emma R. Ochs, Novy. 3, 1886; 
 dau. Ernestine; res., Morristown, Tenn. 
 
 472 
 
ALUMNI 1882 
 
 HILL, WILLIAM KUHNS, b. nr. Leechburg, Pa., Dec. 11, 1857; s. Salem 
 and Esther (Kuhns) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1879; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1884; Sc.D., Gbg. Col., 1910; lic. Ia. Syn., 1884; ord. same, 1885; prof. 
 Carthage Col., 1884- ; m. Katharine Griffith, Dec. 21, 1887; children, 
 Esther M., Wm. G., Katharine K., Robt. M., Lewis R., Ralph M., Con- 
 stance, Ed. L., Imogen, David L., Rosalind H.; res., Carthage, Ill. 
 
 RUPP, JOHN CHARLES FRANCIS, b. Dayton, Pa., June 23, 1856; s. 
 John H. and Susannah T. (Schreckengost) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1878; 
 Mt. Airy Sem., 1880-81; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1883; ord. Pb. C. Syn., 1884; 
 pastor, St. John’s, McKeesport, Pa., 1890-94; St. Paul’s, Scottdale, Pa., 
 1894-1900; Morrisburg, Ont., 1900-08; Trinity, Bridgeport, O., 1908-09; 
 Grace, Conneaut, O., 1909-14; Zion, Wellsville, O., 1914- ; prof., N. 
 C. Col., 1884-86; prin., Connoquenessing Acad., Zelienople, Pa., 1886-90; 
 member G. C. S. S. Work Com.; assoc. ed. Luth. Graded S. S. Lessons 
 and Teacher’s Commentary, 1897-1923; m. Zelie Hill, June 15, 1886; 
 children, Louis W., John H.; res., Wellsville, O. 
 
 STAHLER, WILLIAM ELIAS, b. Norristown, Pa., July 3, 1858; s. Wm. 
 and Savilla (Eschbach) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1880; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1884; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1903; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1883; ord. same, 1884; 
 pastor, Mt. Jackson, Va., 1884-87; Shippensburg, Pa., 1887-94; Zion, 
 Lebanon, Pa., 1894-1922; supply 1st, Norfolk, Va., 1922- ; dir. Gbg. 
 Sem.; member Bd. Ch. Ext.; m. Florence W. Allen, Oct. 20, 1897; s. 
 Alan D.; res., Norfolk, Va. 
 
 TAYLOR, SAMUEL JAPHETH, b. Newburg, Pa., Feb. 9, 1855; s. Ephraim 
 and Mary (Focht) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1881; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1884; 
 D.D., Sus. U., 1909; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1883; ord. Al. Syn., 1884; pastor, 
 Addison, Pa., 1884-86; Williamsburg, Pa., 1886-88; Lock Haven, Pa., 
 1888-93; Berlin, Pa., 1893-99; Carey, O., 1899-05; Selinsgrove, Pa., 
 1905-11; Juniata, Pa., 1911-18; rt., 1918; m. Mary Elizabeth Henderson; 
 children, L. L. Romaine, Elizabeth E., W. Elwyn, Fred. P.; res., 
 Altoona, Pa. 
 
 WITTICH, PHILIP, f. Brooklyn, N. Y.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1884; ord. N. Y. 
 and N. J. Syn., 1884; pastor, Carlisle, Pa., 1884-85; Hazleton, Pa., 
 1885; Ripley, O., 1886; at Middletown, O., with Ev. Syn. and stricken 
 f. roll of W. Pa. Syn., 1887; now d. 
 
 1882 
 
 FISHER, CHARLES LEE THORNTON, b. Salisbury, N. C., Apr. 4, 1857; 
 s. J. A. and Camilla (Brown) F.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1885; ord. Md. Syn., 
 473 
 
1882 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1885; pastor, Union Bridge, Md., 1885-86; Sidney, Neb., 1886-89; prof., 
 N. C. Col., 1889-92; prin., Mt. Amoena Sem., 1892-97, 1924- ; vice- 
 pres. and prof., Elizabeth Col., 1897-04; secular work, 1904-22; pastor, 
 Holy Trinity, Mt. Pleasant, N. C., 1922- ; m. Mary C. Horner, 1886; 
 children, Pauline T., Horner C.; res., Mt. Pleasant, N. C. 
 
 GOTWALD, GEORGE DANIEL, b. Shippensburg, Pa., Sept. 18, 1862; s. 
 Luther A. and Mary E. (King) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1885; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1884; ord. same, 1885; pastor, Salina, Kas., 
 1885-88; Children’s Mem., Kansas City, Mo., 1888-90; trustee, Midland 
 Col., 1888-90; endowed chair in Midland Col.; m. Mary B. Baugher, 
 July 7, 1885; d. Jan. 12, 1890. 
 
 KAYHOE, JOHN FREDERICK FLAUGHER, b. nr. Leitersburg, Md., Feb. 
 1, 1857; s. Matthias and Barbara A. (Koppisch) K.; prep. private; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1885; LL.B., Chgo. Corres. Sch. of Law, 1905; ad- 
 mitted to Ky. bar, 1905; stud. Louisville So. Bap. Sem.; stud. Peabody 
 Col. for Teachers and So. Sociological Col.; lic. Md. Syn., 1884; ord. 
 C. Ill. Syn., 1885; pastor, Mt. Carmel, Ill., 1885-89; 1st Upper San- 
 dusky, O., 1889-90; Bryan, O., 1890-96; Goshen, Ind., 1896-98; Mt. Car- 
 roll, Ill., 1898-1900; Elwood, Ind., cl1900-04; Grace, Louisville, Ky., 
 1904-09; St. Paul’s, Nashville, Tenn., 1909-20; Lynchburg, O., 1920-22; 
 ret., 1922; m. Mary Helena Weber, July 23, 1889; children, Naomi L., 
 Ruth) Ge d..fan15%.1926. 
 
 KELLER, CHARLES EDWARD, b. Strasburg, Va., Sept. 18, 1856; s. 
 Levi and Mary C. (Hurn) K.; A.B., Roanoke Col.; Gbg. Sem., 1882-83; 
 D.D., source unknown; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1882; ord. same, 1883; pastor, 
 Dickinson, Pa., 1883-84; Salona, Pa., 1884-86; Schoharie, N. Y., 1886-90; 
 Schellsburg, Pa., 1890-92; St. Luke’s, Balto., 1892-94; Trinity, Akron, 
 O., 1894-03; Thurmont, Md., 1903-06; Roaring Springs, Pa., 1906-13; 
 Monesson, Pa., 1914-18; m. Lucy Zea, July 10, 1883; s. Ed. L.; d. Aug. 
 9, 1918. 
 
 METZGER, JOHN LUTHER, b. Myersville, Md., June 20, 1858; s. Wm. 
 and Lydia (Toms) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1885; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1884; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1885; pastor, Callensburg, Pa., 
 1885-91; Bloserville, Pa., 1891-03; Penbrook, Pa. 1903-13; Rebers- 
 burg, Pa., 1913-17; m. Alice M. Brown, Nov. 18, 1885; children, Joseph 
 B., John H., Howard L., Alice R.; d. Apr. 28, 1917. 
 
 NICHOLS, JOHN, b. nr. Shrewsbury, Pa. Oct. 31, 1857; grad. Millers- 
 ville State Nor. Sch.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1885; lic. Md. Syn., 1884; ord. 
 same, 1885; miss. to India, 1885-86; m. Stella Brown, Nov. 19, 1885; d. 
 Dec. 17, 1886. 
 
 474 
 
ALUMNI 1883 
 
 SCHERER, LUTHER PLUTARCH, b. nr. Island-force, N. C., Jan. 13, 
 1856; s. Simeon and Sarah (Roseman) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1885; lic. Md. Syn., 1884; ord. same, 1885; pastor, Harpers 
 Ferry, Va., 1885-88; prof., Kee-Mar Col., 1889; prof., M. F. Col. 
 Marion, Va., 1889-90; ins. bus. in Va. and W. Va., 1891-95; book mer. 
 W. Va., 1895-01; salesman, Washn., D. C., 1902- ; m. Ellen Virginia 
 Doll, Sept. 5, 1891; res., Washn. 
 
 SWARTZ, WILLIAM PALEY, b. Circleville, O., Dec. 24, 1858; s. Joel 
 and Adelia (Rosencrans) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1881; Tchg., Hazleton, 
 Pa., 1881-82; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1885; Ph.D., 1900; ord. 1885; miss. to 
 India, 1885-87; entered min. of Presby. Ch., 1887; pastor, 5th, Trenton, 
 N. J., 1887-88; Cen., Wilmington, Del., 1888-96; Ist, Poughkeepsie, N. 
 Y., 1896-11; sec., N. Y. Sab. Com., 1911-15; m. Florence Allen Reed, 
 May 9, 1888; children, Philip A., Chas. B., Howard V., Wm. C.; d. 
 Apr. 3, 1915. 
 
 TROWBRIDGE, CHARLES REUBEN, b. Balto., Nov. 1, 1859; s. Jas. A. 
 and Maria L. (Morris) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1885; lic. Md. Syn., 1884; ord. same, 1885; pastor, Christ, Trenton, 
 N. J., 1885-88; St. Peter’s, Easton, Pa., 1888-92, 1898-1911; St. Paul’s, 
 Balto., 1892-96; member bd. Foreign Miss. G. S., 2 terms; archivist E. 
 Pa. Syn., 1922- ; clerk, Ingersoll-Rand Mfg. Co., Easton, Pa., 1918-21; 
 m. Anna Margaret Lilly, Apr. 28, 1886; s. Jas. L.; res., Easton, Pa. 
 
 WEBER, HENRY HERMAN, b. Phila., Aug. 4, 1860; s. Augustus and 
 Wilhelmina (Otterbach) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1885; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1902; lic. Md. Syn., 1884; ord. same, 1885; pas- 
 tor, St. Luke’s and Grace, Balto.; gen. sec. bd. Home Miss. and Ch. Ext. 
 to present; author, Hist. Grace, Balto.: Add. Questions and Ans. to 
 Luther’s Catechism; m. Mary Emma Crist, May 29, 1890; no children; 
 res., York, Pa. 
 
 ZERGER, JAMES ELLWOOD, b. Columbia, Pa., Nov. 3, 1858; s. Geo. 
 and Margaret (Shroder) Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1885; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1884; ord. C. Ill. Syn., 1885; pastor, Irving, IIL, 
 Brookville, Pa., Leatherwood, Pa., Lewistown, Md., Leetonia, O., Mt. 
 Holly Springs, Pa., Addison, Pa., Millville, Pa., Rossville, Pa., New 
 Millport, Pa., Shipman, Ill., Middletown, Ind., Harlan, Ind., Jefferson- 
 town, Ky., Lake City, Fla.; rt., 1921; m. Ella Virginia Culp, Nov. 23, 
 1887; children, E. Luther, Ella B., E. Walter; res., Louisville, Ky. 
 
 1883 
 
 AMICK, GEORGE WILLIAM WALLACE, b. St. Clairsville, Pa., Apr. 16, 
 1861; s. Geo. and Mary (Hammond) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. 
 
 475 
 
1883 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Gbg. Sem., 1887; lic. Al. Syn., 1885; ord. Md. Syn., 1887; pastor, Oak- 
 land, Md., 1887-89; Trinity, Johnstown, Pa., 1889-99; Peabody, Kas., 
 1899-02; Nevada, O., 1902-06; Jonesboro, Ill., 1906-07; Ft. Madison, Ia., 
 1907-17; Middleburg, N. Y., 1917-21; Brick Church, Pa., 1921-  ; vice- 
 prin., Sus. U., 1884-86; m. Florence Phillips, Oct. 18, 1888; s. Arthur 
 P.; she d. Mar., 1894; m. Lydia Orms., Dec. 17, 1895; children, Mar- 
 garet T., Howard W.; res., Brick Church, Pa. 
 
 BAKER, CHARLES WITMER, b. Bakersville, Pa., Jan. 28, 1859; s. Philip 
 and Susan (Miller) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1886; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1923; lic. Al. Syn., 1885; ord. same, 1886; pastor, Dal- 
 lastown, Pa., 1886-88; Dover, Pa., 1888-90; Auburn, Neb., 1890-93; 
 Davenport, Neb., 1893-95; York Co. Miss., 1895-97; Youngstown, O., 
 1897-99; New Phila., O., 1899-1902; Lena, Ill., 1902-08; Princeton, Ill., 
 1908-11; New Oxford, Pa., 1911-18; Clearfield, Pa., 1918-20; May- 
 town, Pa., 1920-24; New Bloomfield, Pa., 1924- ; author, Hist. of Lena, 
 Ill., Cong., 1907: Hist. of Princeton, Ill., Cong., 1908; m. Anna Kate 
 Wolf, Aug. 24, 1886; children, Ida, Bred. Chas., Frank, Mary, Ralph, 
 Anna; res., New Bloomfield, Pa. 
 
 BAUGHMAN, GEORGE WASHINGTON, b. Shady Grove, Pa. Nov. 28, 
 1856; s. Jacob and Catherine (Unger) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1886; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1885; ord. same, 1886; pastor, 
 Everett, Pa., 1886-93; Uniontown, Md., 1893-14; Woodbine, Md., 1915- 
 19; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Elizabeth M. Schafhirt, Oct. 21, 1886; chil- 
 dren, H. F., Mrs. H. B. Fogle; d. Feb. 7, 1920. 
 
 CRISSMAN, FREDERICK HARRY, b. Huntingdon Furnace, Pa., Apr. 
 25, 1857; s. Fred. and Hannah (Harry) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1886; lic. 1885; ord. Al. Syn., 1886; pastor, New Florence, 
 Pa., 1886-89; Blairsville, Pa., 1889-94; Brookville, Pa., 1895-97; Brush- 
 ton and Wilkinsburg, Pa., 1897-1900; York Haven, Pa., 1900-03; Down- 
 ingtown, Pa., 1903-07; Stewardsville, N. J., 1907-10; Frostburg, Md., 
 1910-15; Davis and Elkins, W. Va., 1915-21; Trinity, Butler, Pa., 1921- 
 25; dir. Gbg. Sem., f. W. Va. Syn. and f. Pb. Syn., 1924- ; m. Mrs. 
 Stella Brown Nichols, July 30, 1890; children, Lyall N., Maud, Marion, 
 Edith, 5 d.; she d. Aug.,:1911; res., Wash., D. C. 
 
 DERR, SAMUEL JACOB, b. Middletown, Md., Sept. 6, 1855; s. Samuel 
 and Mary M. (Yaste) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1886; lic. Md. Syn., 1885; ord. same, 1886; pastor, Hampstead, Md., 
 1886-1901; Arcadia, Md., 1902-11; Berrysburg, Pa., 1913-16; m. Mrs. 
 Elizabeth oot Shaffer Stansted Jan. 18, 1888; children, Eva P., L. 
 Naomi; res., Hampstead, Md. 
 
 476 
 
ALUMNI xo; 1883 
 
 FULTZ, HERMAN C. (orig. name Volz); b. Ochringen, Wurttemburg, 
 Ger. June 8, 1862; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1886; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1885; ord. 
 same, 1886; pastor, Yutan, Neb., 1887; Silver Run, Md., 1888-95; Ho- 
 boken, N. J., Ellenville and Crawford, N. Y., 1900-05; Wilkes-Barre, 
 Pa., 1905-10; St. John’s, Washn., 1910-12; Ellicott City, Md., 1913-17; 
 m. Emma C. Maus, Sept. 13, 1888; d. Mar. 21, 1917. 
 
 HAGENSTEIN, A., f. Kienitz, Prussia; grad. Mendota Col.; Gbg. Sem., 
 1883-84; did not enter Luth. ministry; res., unknown. 
 
 JORDY, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Abbottstown, Pa., July 9, 1863; s. Wm. L. 
 and Elizabeth J.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1886; lic. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1885; ord. same, 1886; pastor, Dickinson, Pa., 1886-87; 
 Wrightsville, Pa., 1887-89; Frostburg, Md., 1889-90; stricken from 
 roll by Md. Syn., 1890. 
 
 KAHLER, FRANK ROLAND, b. Millersburg, Pa., Oct. 16, 1857; s. Elias 
 and Susan K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1881; teaching, Mifflinburg, Pa., 1881- 
 83; Gbg. Sem., 1883; grad. Yale Div. Sch., 1886; ord. Cong. Ch., 1886; 
 pastor, N. Guilford, Conn., 1886-88; Southington, Conn., 1888-90; d. 
 Feb. 24, 1890. 
 
 KING, CHARLES BANKS, b. St. Giles Co., Va., Oct. 19, 1859; A.B., 
 Roanoke Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1886; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1906; 
 lic. S. W. Pa. Syn., 1886; ord. N. C. Syn., 1887; pastor, St. John’s, 
 Salisbury, N. C., 1886-98; founder and pres., Elizabeth Col., 1898-14; 
 m. Annie Watte, Nov. 28, 1889; children, Gerwul W., Chas. B., Gev. 
 W., Mrs. N. W. Wallace, Clara A.; d. Aug. 28, 1919. 
 
 KUHNS, LUTHER MELANCHTHON, b. Omaha, Neb., Dec. 10, 1861; s. 
 Henry W. and Charlotta J. (Hay) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1886; Litt.D.; D.D.; lic. Md. Syn., 1885; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 
 1886; pastor, Freeport and Tarentum, Pa.; Braddock and Turtle Creek, 
 Pa.; Grace, Omaha, Neb.; Tekomah, Neb.; Rising City, Neb.; Grand 
 Island, Neb.; Dakota City, Neb.; ed. Luther League Review, Young 
 Men’s Jour., Luther League Topics; unmarried; res., Omaha, Neb. 
 
 LIVINGSTON, PETER, b. New Oxford, Pa., Sept. 12, 1854; s. Michael 
 and Leah (Menges) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1886; 
 lic. 1883; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1886; pastor, Lebanon, Pa., 1886-90; St. 
 Mark’s, York, Pa., 1890-24; m. Sarah Louise Yount, Oct. 7, 1886; chil- 
 dren, Mary L., Paul Y.; res., York, Pa. 
 
 477 
 
1883 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 McDANIEL, CHARLES THOMAS, b. Frederick, Md., July 31, 1864; s. 
 Jno. M. and Frances (Elkins) M.; Johns Hopkins U., 1881-83; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1886; lic. Md. Syn., 1885; ord. O. B. Syn., 1886; pastor, 
 3rd, Louisville, Ky., 1886-89; Reformation, Balto., 1890-91; Holy Trin- 
 ity, St. Louis, Mo., 1891-95; St. John’s, Hudson, N. Y., 1895-99; Grace, 
 Trenton, N. J., 1901-03; Holy Trinity, Hoboken, N. J., 1903- ; m. 
 Elise Henrietta Ilse, Oct. 11, 1889; s. Ralph I.; she d. Jan. 20, 1891; m. 
 Lulu Blanche Bame, Jan. 31, 1900; children, Dorothy T., Muriel A., 
 Gerald E.; res., Hoboken, N. J. 
 
 NERGARARIAN, GARABED, Gbg. Sem., 1883-84; wife now living in 
 Bulgaria; no details known; now d. 
 
 SCHAFER, ADAM. A.B., Carthage Col. Gbg. and Wit. Sems.; ord. Wit. 
 Syn., 1885; pastor, W. Liberty, O., 1885-86; Upper Sandusky, O., 1886- 
 88; Leipsic, O., 1888-91; m. Lillie Zimmerman, Aug. 30, 1885; left. min., 
 1891. 
 
 SCHMUCKER, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Tomsbrook, Va., Apr. 20, 1853; 
 s. Ferdinand and Catherine (Funkhouser) S.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1878; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1885; ord. Sus. Syn., 1885; pastor, Turbotville, Pa., 
 1885-89; Mendon, Ill, 1889-93; Minerva, O., 1893-97; Willet, Pa., 
 1897-08; Mansfield, O., 1908-12; Shanksville, Pa., 1912-17; m. Cora Ella 
 Raup, Dec. 10, 1889; her present res., Mansfield, O.; s. Carl S.; d. Sept. 
 30, 1918. 
 
 SCHNUR, GEORGE HENRY, JR., b. Vandalia, Ill, Jan. 24, 1861; s. Geo. 
 H. and Marie (Esbjoern) S.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1886; A.M., Carthage Col., 1890; D.D., Wit. Col., 1920; lic. C. 
 Ill. Syn., 1885; ord. Neb. Syn., 1886; pastor, St. Mark’s, Omaha, Neb., 
 1886-89; Nevada, Ia., 1889-93; St. Mark’s, Evansville, Ind., 1893-95; 
 Paris, O., 1896-99; Chillicothe, O., 1899-1906; St. Paul, Minn., 1906-14; 
 Zelienople, Pa., 1914-18; Grace, Erie, Pa., 1918- ; ed. Luther League 
 Topics, 1898-17; statis. sec., Pb. Syn., 1916-25; m. Nina Charles, July 
 30, 1889; children, Faith, Carl E., Marie, Geo. L., Paul N.; res., 
 Erie, Pa. 
 
 STECK, AUGUSTUS RYNEAL, b. Lancaster, Pa. Aug. 8, 1861; s. Danl. 
 and Susan (Myers) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1886; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1903; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1885; ord. same, 1886; pastor, 
 Stewartsville, N. J., 1886-91; 1st. Indianapolis, Ind., 1891-94; St. Jas., 
 Gbg., 1894-1903; Union, York, Pa., 1903-13; 1st., Carlisle, Pa. 1914- ; 
 dir. Gbg. Sem. 1895- ; pres. bd. trustees, Irving Col., 1898- ; m. 
 
 478 
 
ALUMNI 1884 
 
 Bertha Melick, July 1, 1891; children, Howard R., Kenneth L., Robt. 
 A., Julia C., Malcolm M., Richard C., Roger H., Danl. B., Ruth M., 
 Chas. E.; res., Carlisle, Pa. 
 
 1884 
 
 ANSTADT, WILLIAM WISONG, b. Selinsgrove, Pa., Sept. 18, 1862; s. 
 Peter and Elizabeth A. (Benson), A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1887; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1886; ord. same, 1887; pastor, Huntingdon, 
 Pa., 1887-93; Bedford, Pa., 1893-96; Hollidaysburg, Pa.,, 1896-07; All 
 Saints, Phila., 1907-15; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1896-01; m. Alice M. Hantz, May 
 3, 1893; no children; d. Aug. 2, 1915. 
 
 BERGSTRESSER, FREDERICK LUDWIG, b. Selinsgrove, Pa., Apr. 4, 
 1860; s. Danl. and Elmira (Ludwig) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1884; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1891; D.D.; ord. Sus. Syn., 1886; pastor Duncannon, Pa., 
 1886-1892; Tyrone, Pa., 1892-1908; Chambersburg, Pa., 1908-13; Mont- 
 gomery, Pa., 1913-21; m. Emilie Hahn, Aug. 11, 1882; children, Ruth, 
 Katherine; res. Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 BRITT, CHARLES ADRIAN BENNOCH, b. Wheeling, W. Va., Dec. 9, 
 1861; s. Chas. A. and Jennie (Bennoch) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1884; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1887; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1886; ord. same, 1887; prin. Knoxville, 
 Ill. Acad. and pastor, 1887-88; pastor Mt. Zion, Pgh., Pa., 1888-90; 
 Frostburg, Md., 1890-99; Taneytown, Md., 1899-04; m. Emma. C. Bubke, 
 Oct. 6, 1887; 3 children; d. Sept. 3, 1911. 
 
 DORNBLASER, SAMUEL G., b. Lamar, Pa., May 10, 1861; s. Gideon and 
 Catherine (Miller) D.; A.B., Princeton U., 1884; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1887; 
 A.M., Princeton U., 1889; D.D., Wit. Col., 1910; lic. C. Pa., Syn., 1886; 
 ord. Wit. Syn., 1887; pastor Woodview, O., 1887-90; Emporia, Kas., 
 1890-94; Columbus, O., 1894-1903; Hagerstown, Md., 1903-06; Bucyrus, 
 O., 1906-19; Pittsburgh, Pa., 1919-22; Freeport, Pa., 1922-  ; m. Carrie 
 Tressler Billow, Oct. 11, 1887; children, Helen T., Ruth M., Geo. B., 
 Catherine L.; res. Freeport, Pa. 
 
 FICHTHORN, ANDREW SMITH, b. Lewistown, Pa., Dec. 24, 1858; s. 
 Joseph A. F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1884; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1887; D.D., source 
 unknown; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1886; ord. C. Ill. Syn., 1887; prof. Carthage 
 Col., 1887-88; pastor Lutherville, Md., 1889-90; Tyrone, Pa. 1891-94; 
 Trinity, Norristown, Pa., 1894-02, 1907-12; assoc., Holy Communion, 
 Phila., 1904-06; miss. to India, 1902-04; unmarried; d. Jan. 29, 1912. 
 
 FLECK, CYRUS LEMUEL, b. Sinking Valley, Pa., Jan. 12, 1855; s. Gabriel 
 and Rebecca (Stoner) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1884; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1887; 
 
 479 
 
1884 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 lict Al. Syn., 1886; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1887; pastor Riegelsville, Pa., 1887- 
 21; m. Annie K. Leas, Oct. 26, 1887; children, Carl W., John G., Cyrus 
 S., Harry W., Margaret A., Geo. D.; d. Sept. 16, 1921. 
 
 KROH, HERMAN FREDERICK, b. Balto., Sept. 22, 1857; s. Herman F. 
 and Christine (Proebster) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1884; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1887; lic. Md. Syn., 1886; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1887; pastor Lykens, Pa., 
 1887-89; Kreutz Creek, Pa., 1889-91; Sparrows Pt., Md., 1891-93; 2nd., 
 Chambersburg, Pa., 1893-97; Pinegrove, Pa., 1897-11; m. Anna Eliza- 
 beth Becker, June 29, 1887; 3 children; d. Aug. 8, 1916. 
 
 SANDT, CHARLES M., b. nr. Easton, Pa., 1860; s. Simon and Elizabeth 
 S.; A.B., Lafayette Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1887; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 
 1886; ord. same 1887; pastor Gordon, Pa., 1888-92; St. Jas., Hunting- 
 don, Pa., 1893-99; Our Saviour, Phila., 1902-23 and emeritus, 1923- : 
 m. Ellen Esther Hawk, 1885; s. Walter C.; she d. Jan. 1892; m. Carrie 
 V. Kuntz, 1900; res. Phila. 
 
 VALENTINE, MILTON HENRY, b. Reading, Pa., Aug. 18, 1864; s. Milton 
 and Margaret (Galt) V.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1882; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1887; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1901; lic. Md. Syn., 1886; ord. same 1887; pastor Bed- 
 ford, Pa., 1887-92; Messiah, Phila., 1892-99; ed. L. O., 1899-15; prof. Gbg. 
 Col., 1916- ; m. Evelyn L. Ladd, Feb. 1, 1888; res. Gbg. 
 
 YARGER, HARRY LEE, b. Hartleton, Pa., Feb. 22, 1862; s. John and Lu- 
 cinda (Huntington) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1886; 
 D.D., Carthage Col., 1898; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1885; ord. Kan. Syn., 1886; 
 pastor, Ellsworth, Kas., 1886-89; Lawrence, Kas., 1889-93; Braddock, Pa., 
 1893-95; field sec. bd. ch. ext. G. S., 1895-15; gen. supt. home miss. and 
 ch. ext. G. S., 1915-21; pres. G. S., 1913-15; m. Mildred R. Hammer, July 
 15, 1886; children, Mary, Mildred L., Paul H.; d. Jan. 13, 1921. 
 
 ZIMMERMAN, LEANDER M., b. Manchester, Md., Aug. 29, 1860; s. Henry 
 and Leah (Gladfelter) Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1884; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1887; 
 D.D., Sus. U., 1901; lic. Md. Syn., 1886; ord. same, 1887; pastor Christ, 
 Balto., 1887-25; Emeritus, same, 1925- ; member Bd. Home Miss., 1899- 
 1908; member Deaconess Bd., 1897- , and pres. same, 1920-_ ; dir. Tress- 
 ler Orphanage, 1899-1900; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1909- ; author, Paths That 
 Cross, Yvonne, Dot, Cordelia, Sparks, Reminiscences, Echoes from the 
 Battlefield, The Church of Our Faith, etc.; unmarried; res. Balto. 
 
 ZIMMERMAN, MADISON FUSSLEMAN, b. Andersonburg, Pa., Mar. 7, 
 1854; s. Wm. and Rebecca Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1881; teaching, Newville, 
 
 480 
 
ALUMNI 1885 
 
 Pa., 1881-82, Sus. U., 1882-84; Gbg. Sem., 1884-85; lic. W. Pa. Syn, 
 1884; no pastorate; unmarried; d. Apr. 7, 1887. 
 
 1885 
 
 AIKENS, CHARLES THOMAS, b. Siglerville, Pa., Dec. 14, 1862; s. An- 
 drew J. and Lucinda (Hassenplug) A.; Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1888; D.D., Wit. Col., 1906; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. same, 1888; pas- 
 tor Pine Grove Mills, Pa., 1888-1905; pres. Sus. U., 1905-  ; dir. 1st Natl. 
 Banks State College and Selinsgrove, Pa.; m. Athalia Clara Gitt, Nov. 
 26, 1889; s. Claude G.; she d. Dec. 6, 1910; m. Carrie E. Smith, Feb. 3, 
 1915; res. Selinsgrove, Pa. 
 
 BECKER, DANIEL RAUSCHER, b. Koenigsbach, Baden, Ger., Sept. 22, 
 1853; s. Danl. and Regina (Rauscher) B.; Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1888; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1888; pastor Littles- 
 town, Pa., 1888-92; Palmyra, Pa., 1892-93; Mt. Carmel, Pa., 1893-99; 
 New Franklin, Pa., 1899-06; Berrysburg, Pa., 1906-12; Woodbine, Md., 
 1912-15; Idaville, Pa., 1915-19; m. Eliza Jane Cunningham, Aug. 22, 
 1888; children, Danl. C., Ruth; m. Harriet Kathryn Reen, Jan. 11, 1898; 
 children, Vera F., Hope R., Sara R., Miriam E.; she d. Aug. 7, 1920; he 
 d. Dec. 23, 1919. 
 
 BROWN, GEORGE GIDEON MALACHI, b. Cavetown, Md., Sept. 4, 1862; 
 s. Geo. I. and Mary C. (Bussard) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1888; lic. Md. Syn., 1887; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1888; pastor Tremont, 
 Pa., 1888-89; Union Bridge, Md., 1889-93; Everett, Pa., 1893-04; Cum- 
 berland, Md., 1904-05; Mercersburg, Pa., 1905-07; dir. Gbg. Sem.; trus- 
 tee, Tressler Orphans’ Home; m. Mary K. Schindel, Oct. 2, 1888; 1 dau.; 
 d. Nov. 2, 1907. 
 
 BUEHLER, HUBER GRAY, b. Gettysburg, Pa., Dec. 3, 1864; s. David 
 A. and Fannie J. (Giyon) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1883; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1889; A.M., Yale U., 1905; Litt.D., Gbg. Col., 1909; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 
 1889; prof. St. Jas. Sch. Md., 1883-85; prin. Gbg. Acad., 1885-92; 
 Master in English, Hotchkiss Sch., Conn., 1892-1904, and Headmaster, 
 1904-24; vice-pres., N. E. Assn. Col. and Prep. Schs., 1907-10; pres. same, 
 1910-11; pres., Headmaster’s Assn., 1914-15; author, Practical Exercises 
 in English, 1895; Modern English Grammar, 1900; Modern English Les- 
 sons, 1903; Aldine Third Language Book, 1917; Teacher’s Manual, 1917; 
 ed. Macauley’s Life of Saml. Johnson, 1896; m. Roberta Wolf, June 14, 
 1893; children, Reginald, Barbara; d. June 20, 1924. 
 
 BUTLER, CHARLES HENRY, b. Washn. Nov. 27, 1860; s. John G. and 
 Clara (Smith) B.; grad. Geo. Washn. U., 1882; A.B., Amherst Col., 
 
 481 
 
1885 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1883; Howard U.; Gbg. Sem., 1885-86; B.D., Union Sem., 1887; ord. Md. 
 Syn., 1889; asst. Memorial, Washn., 1889-91, 1907-09; pastor, Keller Me- 
 morial, Washn., 1891-07; Columbia Heights, Wash., 1910- ; prof. How- 
 ard U., 1899-04, 1906-12; assoc. ed., Luth. Evan., 1893-09; m. Helena 
 Lohmeyer Johnson, June 20, 1905; children, Margaret E., Jno. G.; res. 
 Washn. 
 
 EBELING, HENRY EDWARD, b. Cantonsville, Md., Mar. 13, 1867; s. Geo. 
 W. and Marie (Keidel) E.; stud. with father; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1888; 
 stud. Johns Hopkins U.; lic. Md. Syn., 1887; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 
 1888; pastor, Trenton, N. J., 1888-89; Harrisonburg, Va., 1890-91; teach- 
 ing, Cantonsville, Md., 1889-90; teaching, Balto., 1891-94; m. Flora Albert, 
 Oct., 1888; dau. Flora; d. Jan. 11, 1895. 
 
 HAMM, GEORGE L., b. Fay, Pa., Oct. 14, 1858; s. Jared and Mary 
 (Weaver) H.; A.B., Westminster Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1888; 
 stud. U. of N. Y.; PhD., Westminster Col., 1898; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 
 1887; ord. same, 1888; pastor, Bethany, Pgh. 1888-90; prin., N. Brad- 
 dock H. S.; prof., Slippery Rock State Nor. Sch.; m. Emma Jane Mor- 
 ris, Oct. 31, 1888; dau. Elsie R.; res. Slippery Rock, Pa. 
 
 HAPEMAN, HENRY JEROME, b. Elizaville, N. Y., Oct. 1, 1860; s. Chas. 
 and Catherine C. (Stull) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem.,, 
 1888; lic. W. Pa. Syn.,, 1887; ord. Frank. Syn., 1889; pastor, Poesten- 
 kill, N. Y., 1889-90; Dakota City, Neb., 1890-97; res. Woodlawn, IIl. 
 
 HASSE, C. E., f. Martins Creek, Pa.; admitted on probation and left 1886; 
 not lic. 
 
 HEILMAN, HOWARD MOUL, b. York Co., Pa., Nov. 18, 1855; s. Peter 
 W. and Deliah (Moul) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1888; D.D., Sus. U., 1906; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. same, 1888; 
 pastor, Mt. Joy, Pa., 1887-93; Bethany, Altoona, Pa., 1893-1903; St. 
 John’s, Joliet, Ill, 1903- ; m. Annie Clara Link, 1875; children, Eu- 
 phemia, Lenetta; res. Joliet, Ill. 
 
 HOSHOUR, EDWARD EVERETT, b. Glen Rock, Pa., Sept. 18, 1863; s. 
 Saml. K. and Rebecca (Hengst) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1888; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1888; pastor, Belle- 
 fonte, Pa., 1888-97; Hellam, Pa., 1897-1900; Phila., 1900-08; Brooklyn, 
 N. Y., 1908-11; Burnham, Pa., 1911-12; Millvale, Pa., 1912-13; Troy, 
 N. Y., 1913-16; Columbia City, Ind., 1916-21; Roaring Spring, Pa., 
 1921- ; m. Mary Ellen Sheely, 1889; s. Harvey S.; she d. 1901; m. 
 Hannah E. Griffin, 1903; dau. Rebekah E.; res. Roaring Spring, Pa. 
 
 482 
 
ALUMNI 1885 
 
 KURTZ, DANIEL STONER, b. Lancaster, Pa., Mar. 19, 1860; s. Daniel 
 and Elizabeth (Stoner) K.; A.B.; F. and M. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1888; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. same, 1888; pastor, McConnels- 
 burg, Pa., 1888-90; Lebanon, Pa., 1890-93; Wrightsville, Pa., 1893-1901; 
 Smithsburg, Md., 1901-06; Wilmerding, Pa. 1906-08; Rockwood, Pa., 
 1908-14; Centre Hall, Pa., 1914-19; ret. Lancaster, Pa., 1919-24; m. 
 Lydia S. Rock, Jan. 15, 1889; children, Edgar A., Mary E., Chester 
 A. R., Pearl E.; d. Jan. 22, 1924. 
 
 McLINN, MILTON EDGAR, b. Thompsontown, Pa., Sept. 20, 1847; s. 
 Ezra and Susanna J. M.; spec. stud. Gbg. Sem.; ord. 1886; pastor, Union 
 Bridge, Md., 1886-90; Lovettsville, Va., 1890-96; Bloomsburg, Pa., 1896- 
 1903; Apollo, Pa., 1903-10; Crafton, Pa., 1910-19; Woodbine, Md., 1919- 
 23; Narbeth, Pa., 1923- ; m. Mary Eleanor Smith, Dec. 28, 1875; 
 children, Ruth, Ada, Geo., Helen; res. Narbeth, Pa. 
 
 MILLER, CHARLES B. Grad. Gbg. Sem., 1888; no reply. 
 
 MILLER, EDGAR GRIM, b. Phila., July 8, 1865; s. Wm. J. and Mary A. 
 (Grim) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1888; D.D., Gbg. 
 Col., 1907; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. same, 1888; pastor, St. Mark’s, 
 Middleburgh, N. Y., 1888-92; St. Peter’s, Easton, Pa., 1893-98; St. Jas., 
 Ashland, Pa., 1898-1904; Ist., Columbia, Pa., 1904-20; trustee, pastor 
 fund, 1917- ; member Bd. Ministerial Relief, 1918-20; ex. sec. same, 
 1920- ; asst. ed. Lutheran Observer, 1893-07; m. Esther A. Valentine, 
 Oct. 10, 1889; children, Milton V., Edgar G.; res. Phila. 
 
 POWELL, SAMUEL LAWRENCE, b. Lewistown, Md., Nov. 20, 1860; s. 
 Lewis and Hannah (Gaugh) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; Gbg. Sem., 1885- 
 87; Johns Hopkins U., 4 yrs.; prof., Newberry Col., 1893-07; prof., 
 Roanoke Col., 1908-20; m. Lillie M. Miller, June, 1894; s. Henry M.; 
 res. Blue Ridge, Pa. 
 
 REINEWALD, CHARLES, b. Duncansville, Pa., Oct. 20, 1860; s. Joseph 
 L. and Mary C. (Somer) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1888; D.D., Sus. U., 1909; lic. Al. Syn., 1887; ord. same, 1888; pastor, Ist, 
 Braddock, Pa., 1888-92; Emmitsburg, Md., 1892-20; m. Irene Danner, 
 Sept. 17, 1890; no children; her present res., Gettysburg, Pa.; he d. 
 May 8, 1920. 
 
 RICHARDSON, ARTHUR FRANKLIN, b. Lovettsville, Va., Nov. 6, 1862; 
 s. X. J. and Mary A. (Shank) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1888; lic. Md. Syn., 1887; ord. same, 1888; pastor, Aurora, W. 
 Va.; Grafton, W. Va.; Lancaster, O.; Swissvale, Pa.; Petersburg, Pa.; 
 
 483 
 
1886 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Elkins, W. Va.; m. Fannie V. King, 1888; s. X. King; she d. 1907; m. 
 Frank Falsom Hinsler; res., Elkins, W. Va. 
 
 SLATER, SAMUEL EDGAR, b. Haley Sta., Tenn., Aug. 10, 1855; s. George 
 F. and Mary E. S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1888; D.D., 
 1909; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. E. Ohio Syn., 1888; pastor, Guernsey 
 Co., Ohio, 1888-90; Burkittsville, Md., 1891-96; Blairsville, Pa., 1896-98; 
 Martinsburg, Pa., 1898-1900; Boone, Ky., 1901-06; Auburn, Ind., 1906-10; 
 Uniondale, Pa., 1910-15; Port Royal, Pa., 1915-16; Auburn, Ind., 1916- 
 24; Irving, Ill, 1924- ; m. M. M. Grubb, Oct. 15, 1891; children, Ruth, 
 John; res., Irving, Ill. 
 
 STAIR, REUBEN S., b. York, Pa. Mar. 20, 1857; s. Geo. and Catherine 
 (Margenthall) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1885; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1888; lic. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1887; ord. same, 1888; pastor, Bloserville, Hellam, Sinking 
 Valley, Centerville, Goldsboro, York Haven; m. Lillie Estella Rudisill, 
 1889; d. Aug. 12, 1925. 
 
 UMBERGER, JAMES BROWN, b. nr. Wytheville, Va., Sept. 29, 1857; s. 
 Rufus and Mary M. (Davis) U.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1884; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1889; lic. S. W. Va. Syn., 1888; ord. same, 1889; pastor, Norcator 
 and Oberlin, Kas., 1889-91; New Cambria, Kas., 1891-93; Effingham, 
 Kas., 1893-95; Ottawa, Kas., 1895-98; Harshman, O., 1899-1900; Lee- 
 tonia, O., 1900-02; Osnaburg, O., 1902-05; Williamsburg, Pa., 1905-11; 
 Walhalla, S. C., 1911-15; Myersville, Md., 1915-21; Eglon Chge., W. 
 Va., 1921-23; Mill Creek, Pa., 1923- ; m. Ella Gordon Repass, Sept. 15, 
 1891; children, Paul R., Jas. B., Ansel S., Ross E. 
 
 1886 
 
 BENZE, GUSTAVE ADOLPH, b. Warren, Pa., Jan. 11, 1867; s. Adolph 
 Leopold and Elizabeth (Kiehl) B.; A.B., Thiel Col., 1886; Gbg. Sem, 
 1886-88; grad. Mt. Airy Sem., 1889; D.D., Upsala Col., 1911; ord. Pb. 
 C. Syn., 1889; pastor, Corry, Pa., 1889-91; St. John’s, Erie, Pa., 1891- ; 
 pres., Luth. Home for Aged; mem. many bds. and coms.; sec. U. L. C. 
 bd. N. W. Miss.; dir: Bethesda Home; ed. Kirchliche Wegweiser; au- 
 thor, Hist. St. John’s, Erie, Pa.; m. Alice Louise Fourspring, 1903; res., 
 Erie, Pa. 
 
 DeEYOE, LUTHER, b. Ramsey, N. J., Nov. 18, 1858; s. Ephraim and Anna 
 B. (Crounse) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; D.D., 
 Gbg. Col., 1905; lic. Md. Syn., 1888; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1889; pastor, 
 Emmitsburg, Md., 1889-91; Messiah, Harrisburg, Pa., 1891-1904; Trin- 
 
 434 
 
ALUMNI 1886 
 
 ity, Germantown, Pa., 1904-25; author two vols. sermons; m. Jane Mar- 
 garet McKnight, Nov. 19, 1889; res., Phila. 
 
 DIEHL, WILLIAM K., b. Hametown, Pa., Nov. 25, 1864; s. Isaac and 
 Rozena (Klinefelter) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1888; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1889; pastor, Zion, Center Co., 
 Pa., 1889-1901; Middleburg, Pa., 1901-07; Clearspring, Md., 1908- ; 
 m. Annie Belle Sheely, Oct. 30, 1890; children, Harold S., Norman E., 
 Wm. C., Anna F.; res. Clearspring, Md. 
 
 DISE, BENJAMIN SEITZ, b. nr. Glen Rock, Pa., Sept. 23, 1848; s. Henry 
 and Eve (Seitz) D.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1888; ord. 
 Al. Syn., 1889; pastor, Karthaus, Pa., 1889-91; Roaring Spring, Pa., 
 1891-93; Juniata, Pa., 1893-96; Mahaffey, Pa., 1896-98; Curwensville, 
 Pa., 1898-1905; Avis, Pa., 1905-08; Milroy, Pa., 1908-10; Lyons, Pa., 
 1910-19; Crum, Pa., 1919-21; Sea Isle City, N. J., 1921-24; trustee, 
 Tressler Orphanage, 1921- ; author several songs; m. Maria Elizabeth 
 Diehl; children, Paul P., Jairus A.; she d. 1877; m. Josephine Amelia 
 Fisher, 1890; children, Joyce, Eva, Helen L.; res., Mohrsville, Pa. 
 
 HARRAH, CLINTON PEARSON, b. Fayetteville, Pa., May 30, 1858; A.B., 
 Westminster Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1888; 
 ord. Al, Syn., 1889; pastor, Roaring Springs, Pa. 1889-91; Pgh. Pa., 
 1891-93; m. Ella Reed, Dec. 25, 1889; no children; d. Apr. 23, 1893. 
 
 KLINGER, OSCAR GODFREY, b. Hazleton, Pa., Sept. 13, 1860; s. Gideon 
 D. and Eliza A. (Engler) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
 1889; stud. U. of Cincinnati, 1889; stud. Cornell, 1896; ord. Sus. Syn., 
 1889; pastor, St. Paul’s, Cincinnati, O., 1889-91; Emmittsburg, Md., 
 1892; prin., Kee Mar Col., 1 yr.; prin., Gbg. Acad., 4 yrs.; prof. Gbg. 
 Col., 16 yrs.; taught Leesburg, Fla., 3 yrs., and Greeneville, Tenn., 3 
 yrs.; with Presby. Ch. since 1914; m. Bessie Mitchell, 1890; children, 
 Robert, Mary; she d. 1898; m. Florence B. Cressler, 1900; children, 
 Charles, Elizabeth; res. Greeneville, Tenn. 
 
 KRIBBS, WILLIAM W., b. Knox, Pa., Nov. 10, 1867; s. Philip and Cath- 
 arine (Knight) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; ord. 
 Pb. S. Syn., 1889; pastor, Ellsworth, Kas., 1889-90; Salisbury, Pa., 
 1890-93; left Min. 1895; united with Presby. Ch., 1899; merchant, 1895- 
 10; Investments, 1910- ; m. Elizabeth A. Thompson, Jan. 11, 1898; 
 dau. Avonelle; res., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 LEISHER, WILLIAM LOY, b. Markelsville, Pa., Nov. 6, 1862; s. Geo. W. 
 and Catharine (Rice) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; 
 485 
 
1887 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1888; ord. same, 1889; pastor, Planefield, Pa., 1889-91; 
 Oakland, Md., 1891-94; St. Paul’s, Akron, O., 1894-97; Clinton, O., 
 1897-1900; Brookville, Pa., 1900-02; Idaville, Pa., 1904-07; Summerhill, 
 Pa., 1907-08; Glasgow, Pa., 1908-10; in business, Wabasso, Fla., 1910- ; 
 postmaster Wabasso, Fla., 1915- ; united with M. E. Church, 1921; m. 
 Nora Emily Kloss, July 15, 1891; children, David K., Chas. K., Daniel 
 L., Andrew R., Katharine S.; res., Wabasso, Fla. 
 
 MAIN, WILLIAM EUGENE, b. Woodsboro, Md., Jan. 12, 1867; A.B., 
 Roanoke Col., 1886; Gbg. Sem., 1886-89; given diploma, 1891; lic. Md. 
 Syn., 1888; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1890; miss. for Trinity, Pgh., Pa., 1889-91; 
 pastor, Clarion, Pa., 1891-92; St. Matt, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1894-99; 
 teaching, Gbg. Col. and Wit. Col., 1892-94; d. Sept. 2, 1899. 
 
 MILLER, SHILE, b. Bakersville, Pa., May 15, 1861; s. Jacob and Elizabeth 
 (Neiderheiser) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; lic. Al. 
 Syn., 1888; ord. same, 1889; pastor, Lilly, Pa., 1889-90; Ramey, Pa., 
 1890-91; Lamartine, Pa., 1891-94; North Hope, Pa., 1894-01; Smicks- 
 burg, Pa., 1901-04; supply M. E. Ch., Clymer, N. Y., 1904-05; entered 
 min. of M. E. Ch., 1905; pastor, Ridgeway, Pa., 1905-07; Lander, Pa., 
 1907-10; Falconer, N. Y., 1910-13; Meadville, Pa., 1913-15; Summer- 
 hill, Pa., 1915-17; Rouserville, Pa., 1917-21; Jamestown, Pa., 1921- ; 
 m. Estella Bryan, Aug. 31, 1884; children, Earl R., Jeannette H., Bessie 
 B., Miriam G.; she d. July, 1915; res. Jamestown, Pa. 
 
 SHANER, BRADEN EDWIN, b. Leechburg, Pa., Feb. 20, 1862; s. Henry 
 and Catherine (Sober) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
 1889; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1888; ord. same, 1889; pastor, Punxsutawney, 
 Pa., 1889-91; Callensburg, Pa. 1891-97; Logansport, Ind., 1897-1900; 
 Tarentum, Pa., 1900-10; m. Anna Rebecca Deitterer, Aug. 14, 1889; 10 
 children; d. Oct. 2, 1910. 
 
 TREIBLEY, DANIEL BENJAMIN, b. Shamokin, Pa., Nov. 14, 1861; s. 
 Jacob and Sabilla (Lerch) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1889; Ph.D., Ia. Col., 1905; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1888; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 
 1889; pastor, Shenandoah, Pa., 1889-91; Clearfield, Pa., 1891-05; Miners- 
 ville, Pa., 1906-10; Thompsontown, Pa., 1911-18; New Kingston, Pa., 
 1918- ; m. Ida R. Wassinger, June 13, 1889; dau. F. May; she d. June, 
 1912; m. Vertie C. Keiser, June 17, 1914; res, New Kingston, Pa. 
 
 1887 
 
 BENELIUS, N. A. A.B., Augustana Col., 1886; Gbg. Sem., 1887-88; no 
 details known. 
 486 
 
ALUMNI 1887 
 
 BRAME, IRA FRANKLIN, b. Heidlersburg, Pa., Nov. 12, 1856; s. Danl. 
 and Mary (Arnold) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; 
 ord. 1890; pastor, West End, Pa., 1890-92; Lower Frankford, Pa., 1892- 
 20; McAlisterville, Pa. 1920- ; m. Nannie E. Meals, July 1, 1890; 
 children, Edna G., Emma L., Luther F., Ed. G., Kathryn M.; res., Mc- 
 Alisterville, Pa. 
 
 BROWN, CHRISENBERY ALEXANDER, b. Rowan Co., N. C., Dec. 6, 
 1859; s. John D. A. and Sarah (Fisher) B.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1887; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; ord. N. C. Syn., 1889; pastor, Floyd Co., Va., 
 1890-92; Concordia-Grace, Va., 1892-94; Union-Christiana, Va., 1894- 
 1900; Concord, N. C., 1900-01; Frieden’s, N. C., 1901-03; Organ, Rowan 
 Co., N. C., 1904-07; China Grove, N. C., 1908- ; m. Emily Athelinda 
 Propst, Sept. 10, 1890; children, Mrs. H. C. Dale, Edna P., Mrs. E. E. 
 Smith, Herman A., 2 s. d.; res., China Grove, N. C. 
 
 COOVER, MELANCHTHON. See Faculty, page 332. 
 
 CROUSE, THEODORE LUTHER, b. Nov. 26, 1863; s. Edmond and Re- 
 becca (Mehring) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1889; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1890; pastor, Christ, Harrisburg, 
 Pa., 1890-95; St. Thos. Chge., 1895-03; Mt. Union, Pa., 1903-06; Ist, 
 Sharpsburg, Pa., 1906-25; Trinity, Butler, Pa. 1925- ; m. Katharine 
 Shriner LeFevre, Dec. 3, 1890; children, Elizabeth H., Rebekah L., 
 Robt. P., Sarah D., Miriam L.; res., Butler, Pa. 
 
 DREIBELBIS, EMANUEL LUTHER, b. Perry, Pa., June 23, 1859; s. Peter 
 and Elizabeth (Lesher) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
 1890; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1889; ord. Hart. Syn., 1890; pastor, Fayette, N. Y., 
 1890-91; St. Luke’s, Amsterdam, N. Y., 1891-1903; Melrose, N. Y., 
 1903-10, 1922-25; St. Peter’s, Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1910-22; Saddle River, 
 N. J., 1925- ; m. Josephine L. Lengfield, June 11, 1900; res., Saddle 
 River, N. J. 
 
 FISHER, JAMES HENRY CORNELIUS, b. Rowan Co., N. C.,, Mar. 30, 
 1859; s. Peter A. and Commille E. (Brown) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; lic. Md. Syn., 1889; ord. same, 1890; pastor, 
 Prosperity, N. C., 1900-19; prof., North Col. and Mt. Amoena Sem., 
 1890- ; vice-pres., same 16 yrs., and pres. 14 yrs.; m. Leah Janette 
 Blackwelder, Aug. 3, 1897; children, Katharine B., Amy L., Mary V., 
 Henry L.; res. Mt. Pleasant, N. C. 
 
 FOCHT, CYRUS GERSHOM, b. Clover Creek, Pa., Nov. 13, 1860; s. J. H. 
 and Susan (Keffer) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; lic. 
 
 487 
 
1887 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Al. Syn., 1889; ord. same, 1890; pastor, Dickinson, Pa., 1890-93; m. 
 Lella L. Taylor, Oct. 16, 1890; d. Sept. 17, 1893. 
 
 McDERMAD, JOHN ALLEN, b. nr. Hunterstown, Pa., Mar. 7, 1861; s. 
 Francis A. and Mary S. (Geyer) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; Gbg. Sem., 
 1887-88; lic. Biglerville Class, U. B. Ch., 1886; ord. Pa. Conf. U. B. 
 Ch., 1891; pastor, Spring Run, Pa., 1888-89; Duncannon, Pa., 1889-91; 
 prof. Lebanon Valley Col., 1891-97; prof. York Col., Neb., 1897; gar- 
 dener and fruit grower, Aspers, Pa., 1897-09; m. Margaret Jane Crouse, 
 Mar. 26, 1890; dau. Daisy; she d. 1891; m. Annie E. Eckert, Apr. 2, 
 1901; he d. Mar. 25, 1909. 
 
 NICOLL, WILLIAM DONNALDSON, b. Lancaster, Pa., July 25, 1860; s. 
 Adam and Catherine (Shaner) N.; Sus. U.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; lic. 
 Md. Syn., 1889; ord. same, 1890; pastor, Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 1890- 
 92; Sharon Springs, N. Y., 1893-95; Eglon, W. Va., 1901-03; Mill 
 Creek, Pa., 1903-05; Upper Strasburg, Pa., 1905-07; New Millport, Pa., 
 1907-08; Hampstead, Md., 1908-10; Myersville, Md., 1910-11; Callens- 
 burg, Pa. 1911-14; New Chester, Pa., 1914-17; Sylvan, Pa., 1917-19; 
 rt., 1919; m. Grace Sappington, June 27, 1893; children, Wm. D., David 
 H., Jas. A., Catherine A., Mary H., Ruth N.; her res., Balto.; he d. 
 Mar. 29, 1925. 
 
 PARR, AMOS AUGUSTUS, b. White Hall, Pa., Dec. 18, 1858; s. Wm. F. 
 and Amanda J. (Sponseller) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1890; D.D., Gbg. Col. and Sus. U., 1910; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1889; ord. 
 same, 1890; pastor, Spring Grove, Pa., 1890-05; St. John’s, Lock Haven, 
 Pa., 1905-10; dir., Gbg. Sem.; trustee Tressler Orphans’ Home and 
 Home for the Aged, Washn.; m. Addie Elizabeth A. Crouse, Oct. 16, 
 1890; children, Mary, Esther; d. June 18, 1910. 
 
 REARICK, JACOB MELANCHTHON, b. Beavertown, Pa., May 30, 1859; 
 s. Saml. and Mary (Haines) R.; Bloomsburg State Nor. Sch., 1882-85; 
 Sus. U., 1886-87; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; ord. Sus. Syn., 1889; pastor, 
 Rehersburg, Pa., 1889-04; Centre Hall, Pa., 1904-07; Salona, Pa., 1907- 
 11; Williamsburg, Pa., 1911-21; Elk Lick, Pa., 1921-24;. Mifflintown, 
 Pa., 1924- ; sometime dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Maggie Elizabeth Walter, 
 Mar. 13, 1891; children, Jodie D., Susan M., Alice P., Natta S., Paul C., 
 Luther M.; she d. Sept. 22, 1921; res., Mifflintown, Pa. 
 
 SCHERER, WILBERFORCE JACOB DANIEL, b. Alamance Co., N. C,, 
 Sept. 16, 1858; s. Simeon and Sarah (Roseman) §.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 
 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1889; lic. Md. Syn., 1888; ord. same, 1889; pas- 
 
 488 
 
ALUMNI 1888 
 
 tor, Fairfield, Pa., 1889-02; Friesburg, N. J., 1902-07; Woodstock, Va., 
 1907-10; Burkittsville, Md., 1910; m. Mary Bigham, Nov. 12, 1891; 
 children, Margaret, Elizabeth, Jennie B.; her res., Germantown, Pa.; 
 he d. May 12, 1910. 
 
 SCHMELL, ALTEN, b. nr. Mt. Bethel, Pa. Jan. 20, 1866; s. Wm. and 
 Catherine (Oyer) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; d. May 19, 1888. 
 
 SNYDER, HARRY GELWIX, b. Upper Strasburg, Pa., Sept. 21, 1863; s. 
 Michael and Mary A. (Enos) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1890; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1889; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1890; pastor, Hum- 
 melstown, Pa., 1890-99; First, Tiffin, O., 1899-1911; First, Vandergrift, 
 Pa., 1911-25; dir.. Gbg. Sem., 1914-24; m. Mary Eliza Horner, July 2, 
 1890; children, Harold F., Arthur K., Mary D., Allen W., Chas. H.; 
 res. Vandergrift, Pa.; d. June 2, 1925. 
 
 STECK, WILLIAM FRANKLIN, b. Belleville, Pa., June 3, 1866; s. J. M. 
 and Mary S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; ord. Sus. 
 Syn., 1889; pastor, Philipsburg, Pa., 1890-92; Port Royal, Pa., 1892-95; 
 Muncy, Pa., 1895-1919; Sparrows Point, Md., 1923- ; m. Mary Louise 
 Welty, Feb. 12, 1891; children, Mary L., Jno. W., Esther K., Wm. F., 
 Harry H., Fred. H.; res., Sparrows Point, Md. 
 
 TRAUGER, JORDAN C., b. Bucks Co., Pa., Jan. 31, 1859; s. Saml. and 
 Eva (Calfe) T.; A.B., Lafayette Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; lic. 
 E. Pa. Syn., 1889; ord. same, 1890; pastor, Minersville and Tremont, 
 Pa., 1890-92; Minersville, Pa., 1892-95; Sumter, S. C., 1896-97; W. 
 Phila., 1897-1902; Seward, N. Y., 1905-08; Oneonta, N. Y,, 1908-19; Mes- 
 siah, Denver, Col., 1920-21; in business and teaching, 1902-05; m. Almeda 
 Augusta Loose, June 24, 1891; children, Andrew R., Rebecca L., Eva A., 
 Aurelia M.; res., Denver, Col. 
 
 WOLF, AIDTKIN GUERNEY, b. New Salem, Pa, May 14, 1860; s. 
 Henry and Agnes (Spangler) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1887; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1890; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1889; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1890; pastor, Aarons- 
 burg, Pa., 1890-99; McConnellsburg, Pa., 1900-06; West Fairview, Pa., 
 1906-17; Silver Run, Md., 1917- ; m. Sarah Jane Sheely, Sept. 10, 
 1890; children, Marion E., Ruth S., John H.; res., Silver Run, Md. 
 
 1888 
 ABERLY, JOHN, b. Albrightsville, Pa., Sept. 18, 1867; s. John and Cath- 
 
 erine (Oberkercher) A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; Gbg. Sem., 1888-89; D.D., 
 Gbe. Col., 1905; ord. Guntur by authority W. Pa. Syn., 1891; missionary 
 
 489 
 
1888 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 to India, 1890-1923; prof., Maywood Sem., 1923- ; ed. Gospel Witness 
 about 12 yrs.; ed. Kraistava Bodhini about 12 yrs.; author Telugu Bible 
 Dictionary, Telugu Commentaries on Mark, Acts, Romans, Hosea, Amos, 
 Micah and Isaiah; tr. Ministerial Acts, Bible Teachings and Homiletics 
 into Telugu; member India Natl. Miss. Council; m. Alice Strauss, Aug. 
 3, 1889; children, Amy, Fred. H.; res., Maywood, III. 
 
 BANNEN, HUGH MARTIN, b. Lewisberg, Pa., Oct. 27, 1859; s. Jas. and 
 Elizabeth (Martin) B.; A.B., Carthage Col.; Gbg. Sem., 1888-90; D.D., 
 Carthage Col.; ord. Sus. Syn.; pastor, Princeton, Ill, 1890-96; Rock- 
 ford, Ill, 1896- ; tutor, Carthage Col., 3 yrs.; m. Cora Etta Maloney, 
 May 30, 1888; children, Grace, Howard, Hugh, Robt.; res., Rockford, 
 Ill. 
 
 BERRY, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Staunton, Va., Dec. 29, 1868; s. Abraham 
 L. and Nancy J. (Hulvey) B.; Roanoke Col., 1883-86; U. W. Va. 
 1887-88; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; lic. Md. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; 
 pastor, Brandonville, W. Va., 1891-97; W. Brookfield, O., 1897-1903; 
 Carmel, W. Va., 1903-12; Morgantown, W. Va., 1912-18; Glenside, Pa., 
 1918- ; m. Venitia F. Feather, Sept. 20, 1893; s. Darwin F.; res., 
 Glenside, Pa. 
 
 BLACK, LUTHER SCOTT, b. Thurmont, Md., Oct. 11, 1866; s. Wm. J. 
 and Martha (Carmack) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1891; lic. Md. Syn., 1890; pastor, Juniata, Pa. 1891-93; Christ, Gbg., 
 1893-96; St. Paul’s, Johnstown, N. Y., 1896-02; St. Matt., Reading, Pa., 
 1902-08; entered min. of Presby. Ch., 1909; pastor, College Hill, Easton, 
 Pa., 1909- ; m. Mary Livingstone McKnight, Apr. 24, 1895; child, 
 McKnight B.; res., Easton, Pa. 
 
 BREHM, WILLIAM EVANS, b. Newville, Pa., Apr. 5, 1858; s. John D. 
 and Martha (Myers) B.; Gbg. Col. and Sem., 1888-90; ord. Cong. 
 Assn. of Newark Val., N. Y., 1890; pastor, LeRoysville, Pa.; Downs, 
 Osborne, Great Bend, Kans.; Supt. Congl. Conf. of Kans., 1912-19; 
 Asst. to Pres., Washburn Col., Topeka, 1923-25; res., Topeka, Kans. 
 
 DAUGHERTY, SILAS DAVIS, b. Smicksburg, Pa. Apr. 17, 1857; s. 
 Jason and Angeline (Black) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1891; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1913; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 
 1891; pastor, First, Sharpsburg, Pa., 1891-96; Grace, Altoona, Pa., 1896- 
 99; Immanuel, Norwood, Phila., 1899-1901; supt. missions, Phila. Conf. 
 E. Pa. Syn., 1901-08; missionary to S. America, 1908-12; Miss. Supt. 
 E. Pa. Syn., 1912- ; dir. Gbg. Sem. several yrs.; m. Bertha Reider, 
 Nov. 5, 1891; children, Paul R., Ruth, Miriam A.; res., Phila. 
 
 490 
 
ALUMNI 1888 
 
 FRANCIS, JACOB MILTON, b. Myerstown, Pa., Mar. 4, 1865; s. Jacob 
 and Elinda (Breitenbach) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1891; D.D., Carthage Col., 1904; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1890; ord. O. B. Syn., 
 1891; pastor, Louisville, Ky., 1891-93; Columbia City, Ind., 1893-1900; 
 Springfield, Ill., 1900-08; Sunbury, Pa., 1908-16; Waynesboro, Pa., 
 1916- ; has been a member of the Boards of Wit. Col., Carthage Col., 
 Sus. U., Tressler Orphanage, Home Mis. and Ch. Ext.; m. Elizabeth 
 Martha Toot, Nov. 17, 1891; children, Raymond T., Reginald K., Robt. 
 M.; res., Waynesboro, Pa. 
 
 FRY, WILLIAM ENGLEBERT, b. Germantown, Pa., Feb. 7, 1869; s. Mrs. 
 Rosa F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; ord., 1891; pas- 
 tor, Stewartsville, N. J., 1891-98; Norwood, Pa., 1898-99; San Jose, 
 Cal., 1899-1900; rt. Jan. 1, 1901; to Presby. Ch., Las Cruces, N. M., 
 Sept. 1, 1902. 
 
 GARLAND, DANIEL FRANK, b. Perry Co., Pa., July 10, 1864; s. Danl. 
 M. and Elizabeth (Kistler) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Col., 
 1891; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1906; lic. Md. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; pas- 
 tor, Ch. of Ref., Balto., 1891-96; Taneytown, Md., 1896-99; First, Day- 
 ton, O., 1899-1913; dir., Public Welfare, Dayton, O., 1914-20; dir. Wel- 
 fare, Natl. Cash Register Co., 1921- ; instr., Gbg. Acad., 1899-91; 
 pres., Dayton Municipal Research Assn., 1912-16; pres., Dayton Re- 
 search Assn., 1923- ; trustee O. Good Roads Fedn., 1923-  ; trustee 
 O. Instn. for Public Efficiency, 1916- ; dir. O. Public Health Assn., 
 1915- ; lecturer on sociological and economic subjects; m. Anna Jane 
 Comfort, Oct., 1891; s. Chas. C.; res., Dayton, O. 
 
 GEPHART, CALVIN FRANKLIN, b. Millheim, Pa., Oct. 16, 1853; s. 
 Jacob and Catherine (Decker) G.; C. Pa. Col. Sem., 1870-71; N. W. 
 Col., 1872-73; Binghamton Nor. Mus. Sch., 1874; tchg., Williamsport, 
 Pa., 1875-76; min. with Ev. Assn., 1877-88; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1890; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1889; ord. same, 1890; pastor, Idaville, Pa., 1890-93; 
 Lavansville, Pa., 1893-03; Newry, Pa., 1903-09; McClure, Pa., 1909-13; 
 Rural Valley, Pa., 1913-18; Woodbury, Pa., 1918-22; Ickesburg, Pa., 
 1922- ; m. Sara Ann Heagy, Nov. 23, 1882; children, Wm. H., Helen 
 K.; she d. Nov. 11, 1923; res., Ickesburg, Pa. 
 
 GOETZ, LEANDER, b. Oct. 18, 1858; s. John P. and Catherine (Drink- 
 hause) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; pastor, Newberry, Pa., 1891-95; St. Mark’s, 
 Evansville, Ind., 1895-1902; left min. 1902; last, Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 491 
 
1888 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 HARDING, WILLIAM H., b. Montoursville, Pa., Dec. 8, 1859; s. Jas. and 
 Sarah A. (Foreman) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; Gbg. Sem., 1888-91; 
 ord. Sus. Syn., 1891; pastor, Maytown, Pa., 1891-97; St. John’s, Wil- 
 liamsport, Pa., 1897-98; Darby, Pa., 1900-13; Audubon, N. J., 1913-16; 
 St. Paul’s, Camden, N. J., 1916-21; Guilderland Center, N. Y., 1922- ; 
 m. Martha R. Minnich, Feb. 14, 1893; children, Reed M., Chas. M., 
 Martha A.; res., Guilderland Center, N. Y. 
 
 HILL, JOHN JAY, b. Leechburg, Pa., Jan. 27, 1864; s. Danl. and Eliza 
 (Kuhns) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; D.D., Gbg. 
 Col., 1916; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1890; ord. Hart. Syn., 1891; pastor, West 
 Camp, N. Y., 1891-93; Dover, O., 1893-95; Third, Springfield, O. 1895- 
 98; Zion, Buffalo, N. Y., 1898-1901; Roaring Spring, Pa. 1901-06; 
 Littlestown, Pa., 1906-16; Millvale, Pa., 1916- ; m. Annie M. Warren, 
 Sept. 2, 1891; s. Jay W.; res., Millvale, Pa. 
 
 HOY, CHARLES ALBERT, f. Watsontown, Pa.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; ord. Sus. Syn., 1891; pastor, Orrsburg, Pa., 1891- 
 93; St. Andrew’s, Phila., 1893-94; Funkstown, Md., 1894-99; united 
 with Christian Cath. Ch. and deposed by Md. Syn., 1900; left Christian 
 Cath. Ch. 1906 and went to Portland, Ore., where he d.; m. Susan R. 
 Ficks, June 25, 1891. 
 
 IDE, EDWIN ERNEST, b. Balto., Oct. 20, 1863; s. Ernest and Charlotte 
 (Main) I.; Sus. U.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; D.D., Oskaloosa Col., 1909; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; pastor, Edgemont, Md., 1891-92; 
 Trinity, Balto., 1893- ; m. Bertha Caroline Timmerman, Sept. 29, 1891; 
 children, Grace, Hilda, Bertha, Norma; res., Balto. 
 
 MAIN, JOHN H., b. Woodsboro, Md., Dec. 5, 1868; s. Jno. D. and Tem- 
 mazeene (Saltzgiver) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; 
 D.D., Central U.; lic. Md. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; pastor, Grace, 
 Phila., 1891-03; First, Sharpsburg, Pa., 1903-06; Wilmington, Del., 
 1906-08; Gethsemane, Phila., 1908-18; m. Ida U. Richards, Aug. 3, 1898; 
 children, Gladys E., Ruth G.; res., Wynnewood, Pa. 
 
 McGAUGHEY, JAMES CALVIN, b. Bridgeport, Pa. Mar. 24, 1864; s. 
 Jas. H. and Mary J. (Kunkle) M.; Carthage Col.; Gbg. Sem., 1888-90; 
 A.B., Central U., 1914; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; pastor, 
 Woodbine, Md., McConnellsburg, Pa., David City, Neb., Mt. Sidney, 
 Va., Cookport, Pa., Callensburg, Pa.; entered ministry of Presby. Ch., 
 Apr. 18, 1906, and served Nickleville, Pa., Rocky Grove, Pa. Franklin, 
 Pa., Limestone, Pa., Wattsburg, Pa.; ret., 1916; m. Hannah Maria 
 Branthaver, Dec. 23, 1885; she d. Aug. 17, 1924; res., Franklin, Pa. 
 
 492 
 
ALUMNI 1889 
 
 REIGHARD, JOHN CALVIN, b. Bedford Co., Pa., Oct. 19, 1858; s. An- 
 drew J. and Sarah A. (Whetstone) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1891; lic. Md. Syn., 1890; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1891; pastor, 
 Milroy, Pa., 1891-94; McAlisterville, Pa., 1894-1904; St. Thomas, Pa., 
 1904-07; Blain, Pa., 1907-18; Marysville, Pa., 1918-23; dir., Gbg. Sem., 
 1910- ; m. Annie Belle Mickley, Oct. 19, 1892; dau. Mary A.; she d. 
 June 14, 1917; res., Gbg. 
 
 ROYER, GEORGE A., b. Grantsville, Md., Nov. 26, 1857; s. Jno. and 
 Eliza (Shultz) R.; A.B., Mt. Union Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; 
 lic. Al. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; pastor, Accident, Md., 1891-96; 
 Aurora, W. Va., 1896-01; Clear Spring, Md., 1901-07; Loysville, Pa., 
 1907-13; Union Bridge, Md., 1913-16; Boone Co., Ky., 1916-25; N. 
 Robinson, O., 1925- ; m. Anabel Augustine, Dec. 24, 1889; children, 
 Leonora A., Mabel P.; res., Sulphur Spgs., Ohio. 
 
 SEABROOK, WILLIAM LEVIN, b. Frederick, Md. Nov. 15, 1856; s. 
 Wm. L. and Harriet (Thomas) S.; St. Jnos. Col., 1866-68; W. Md. 
 Col., 1868-72; St. Jnos. Col., 1872-74; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1877; LL.B., U. 
 of Md., 1879; Gbg. Sem., 1888-89; pastor, Wichita, Kas., 1889-90; 
 Abilene, Kas., 1890-94; Grace, Winchester, Va., 1895-02; Redeemer, 
 Newberry, S. C., 1902-07; Westminster, Md., 1907- ; actg. Zion, Leb- 
 anon, Pa., 1894-95; member miss. bd., U. Syn. S., 1896-07; Theo. Sem. 
 bd. same, 1903-07, bd. Pub. same, 1903-07; Dep. Att. Gen. Md., 1884-88; 
 States Att., Carroll Co., Md., 1916-20; Co. Att., Carroll Co., Md., 
 1920- ; U. S. Referee in Bankruptcy, 1920- ; ed. Westminster, Md. 
 Am, Sentinel, 1907-09; Circuit Ct. Clerk, 1909-16; author: Immortality, 
 1905; Robt. Burns, the Poet-Mason; m. Myra Phelps Buehler; children, 
 Wm. B., Chas. R., Frances G.; res., Westminster, Md. 
 
 WEIDLEY, JOHN, b. Hollidaysburg, Pa. Apr. 17, 1861; s. Fred. and 
 Mary (Kurfess) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1888; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1891; 
 D.D., Sus. U., 1903; lic. Al. Syn., 1890; ord. same, 1891; pastor, Beth- 
 any, Pgh. Pa. 1891-1906; Ref., Washn., 1906- ; pres., bd. trustees, 
 Natl. Luth. Home for Aged, 1906- ; m. Susan M. Richardson, Nov. 
 17, 1891; dau, Mary A:; res. Washn. 
 
 1889 
 ALLEMAN, HERBERT C. See Faculty, page 337. 
 
 BANNEN, ROBERT GIFFEN, b. E. Lewisburg, Pa., Dec. 15, 1863; s. Jas. 
 and Mary E. (Martin) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; Gbg. Sem., 1889-90; 
 D.D., Sus. U., 1906; ord. Sus. Syn., 1891; pastor, S. Williamsport, Pa., 
 
 493 
 
1889 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1891- ; trustee, Tressler Orphanage, 1912- ; pres., Pa. C. E. Union, 
 5 yrs.; vice-pres., World’s C. E. Union, 1910- ; m. Nora Elsie Cooper, 
 Oct. 29, 1891; s., Paul C.; res., Williamsport, Pa. 
 
 BOUCK, FRANK N., f. Middleburg, N. Y.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1889; Gbg. 
 Sem., 1889-90; ent. min. of Episc. Ch.; now rector Watkins, N. Y. 
 
 BREHM, WILLIAM E., A.B., Wit. Col., 1889; bg. Sem., 189-90; with 
 Cong. Ch.; res., Topeka, Kans. 
 
 BUTLER, JAMES WILLIAM, b. Floyd Co., Va., July 31, 1856; s. Jas. and 
 Eliza. B.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1868; Gbg. Sem., 1889-90; ord. S. W. 
 Va. Syn.; pastor, Roanoke Co., Va., Newport, Va., Graniteville, S. C., 
 Oakland, Md.; united with M. E. Church, North, 1903; m. Nettie 
 McCauley, Feb. 1, 1883; children, Efhe E., Lewis A.. J. Wm, Hugh 
 M., Ernest H.; her res., Altoona, Pa.; he d. Sept. 22, 1904. 
 
 DAHM, ANDREAS JULIUS, f. Blair, Neb.; grad. Augsburg Sem., 1886; 
 Gbg. Sem., 1889-90; no details known. 
 
 DIEHL, SAMUEL S., b. Northampton Co., Pa., Jan. 13, 1862; s. John H. 
 and Lavina (Smell) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; 
 ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1892; pastor, Ferndale, Pa., 1892-1924; m. Ida S. 
 Swartz, June 23, 1892; children, Martha D., Erwin D.; d. Aug. 19, 
 1924. 
 
 ETTER, CHARLES BRAINARD, b. Lemasters, Pa., Oct. 10, 1860; s. Geo. 
 Washington and Mary Ann (Clapsaddle) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; 
 A.M., same, 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; D.D., Wit., 1907; lic. W. 
 Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; org. St. Paul’s, Akron, O., 1893, pastor to 
 1894, Sharon Center, O., 1894-95, Wadsworth, O., 1895- ; Sec. E. Ohio 
 Syn., 1893-94, Pres., 1894-95; Bd. of Wit. Col., 1904- ; m. Cora Boyer 
 Wible, Nov. 17, 1892; children, Mae Wible, Pauline Lois, Charles Her- 
 mann, George Wilbur; res., Wadsworth, Ohio. 
 
 FAHS, WILLIAM H., b. Bainbridge, Pa., Jan. 3, 1865; s. John and Mary 
 (Schroll) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; ord. E. Pa. 
 Syn., 1892; pastor, Adamsburg, Pa., Milton, Pa., Mifflintown, Pa., Juniata, 
 Pa., Tyrone, Pa.; in business, Leesburg, Fla., 1918-23; pastor, Presby. 
 Ch., Leesburg, Fla., 1922-23; m. Ida Nicholas, July 28, 1892; children, 
 Maude N., John L.; her res., Leesburg, Fla.; he d. Dec. 12, 1923. 
 
 FASOLD, PETER BORN, b. nr. Sunbury, Pa., Oct. 15, 1858; s. Henry 
 and Catherine (Weiser) F.; Carthage Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; lic. 
 
 494 
 
ALUMNI 1889 
 
 Neb. Syn., 1891; ord. Mia. Syn., 1892; pastor, Vandalia, O., Buckhorn, 
 Pa. Scalp Level, Pa. Shipman, IIll., Burkittsville, Md., Bluffton, O., 
 Messiah, York, Pa., Glade, Pa., Pillow, Pa.; m. Anna Chesty Shultz, 
 Oct. 6, 1892; children, Miriam R., Alice M., Charlotte K.; she d. Oct. 
 4, 1907; m. Clara Minnette Shuman, Oct. 31, 1913; res., Pillow, Pa. 
 
 FETTEROLF, ROBERT FOSTER, b. Spring Mills, Pa., Apr. 8, 1862; s. 
 Elias and Rachel (Wiand) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1892; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; pastor, White Deer, Pa., 
 1892-95; Millersburg, Pa., 1895-97; Mercersburg, Pa., 1897-1905; left 
 ministry 1905, reinstated 1925; mfgr., 1905-08; teaching 1908-25; m. 
 Mary Alice Fisher, June 28, 1892; children, Homer F., Bessie M., Lulu 
 E., Helen M.; res., Millmont, Pa. 
 
 GEISER, DIXON HOOVER, b. Ashland, O., July 16, 1861; s. Peter G.; 
 Gbg. Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; lic. Md. Syn., 1891; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 
 1892; pastor, Augsburg, Harrisburg, Pa., 1892-02; m. Jessie R. Seacrist, 
 Sept. 29, 1892; 4 children; d. Feb. 27, 1902. 
 
 HEILMAN, ALBERT MOUL, b. Hampton, Pa., Feb. 27, 1867; s. Peter 
 W. and Deliah (Moul) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1892; D.D., Carthage Col.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; 
 pastor, Dallastown, Pa., 1892-94; Christ, Shrewsbury, Pa., 1894-1906; 
 St. Matt., Hanover, Pa., 1906-16; Grace, Chgo., 1916- ; m. Anna 
 Charlotte Wecker, July 14, 1892; children, Albert H. M., Paul M.; res., 
 Chgo.-+d,- Oct: 15, 1925. 
 
 HELD, CYRUS ELMER, b. Fogelsville, Pa., Mar. 23, 1863; s. Amandus 
 and Maria (Smith) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; pastor, Hamilton, Pa., 1892-96; 
 Brunswick, Md., 1896-98; New Chester, Pa., 1898-01; Shenandoah, Pa., 
 1901-10; Sumneytown, Pa. 1910- ; prin, Sumneytown, Pa., Schs., 
 1921-24; m. Anna Barbara Heffner, June 23, 1892; children, Anita M., 
 Alcestia D.; res., Sumneytown, Pa. 
 
 HOOVER, DAVID STUART, b. Northampton Co., Pa., Jan. 29, 1867; s. 
 Henry and Lovina (Bachman) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1892; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. Md. Syn., 1892; pastor, Luther- 
 ville, Md., 1892-95; Bridgeton, N. J., 1895-98; Somerset, Pa., 1898-02; 
 Spring City, Pa., 1902-05; left Luth. Ch. and pastor Piermont, N. Y., 
 1905; m. Caroline Darby, Mar. 16, 1898; d. Dec. 17, 1905. 
 
 HUDDLE, WILLIAM PETER, b. Wythe Co., Va., Feb. 20, 1862; s. Peter 
 and Sarah (Staley) H.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1882; Gbg. Sem., 1889-90; 
 495 
 
1889 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 lic. S. W. Va. Syn., 1885; ord. same, 1888; pastor, Shiloh, Va., 1885-86; 
 Mt. Airy, Va., 1886-89; Marion, Va., 1890-93; St. Peter’s, Rowan Co., 
 N. C., 1893-97; Madison, Va., 1897-1921; Churchville, Va. 1921- ; 
 author, Hist. of Hebron Ch., 1907; m. Sarah Caroline Coley, Dec. 28, 
 1887; children, Wm. C., Eula M., Ruth E., Carl M., Sarah C., Chas. E.; 
 res., Churchville, Va. 
 
 LOHR, LUTHER LINDSEY, b. Lincolnton, N. C., Oct. 1, 1860; s. Joshua 
 and Emeline (Edmunds) L.; A.B., Gaston Col., 1888; Gbg. Sem., 
 1889-90; grad. same, 1894; D.D., Lenoir Col., 1914; ord. Tenn. Syn., 
 1891; pastor, St. Mark’s, Dallas, N. C., 1890-91; Zion, Manheim, Pa., 
 1893-96; St. John’s, Mahanoy City, Pa., 1896-99; St. John’s, Williams- 
 port, Pa., 1900-08; Lincolnton, N. C., 1908-23; Timberville, Va., 1923-25; 
 Fairfax, S. C., 1925- ; trustee, Lenoir Col., 10 yrs.; m. Jessie Cath- 
 arine Zinn, July 15, 1891; children, Mrs. Edgar Faber, Lawrence L., 
 Elida E., Geo. E.; she d. Sept. 5, 1905; m. Mrs. Mary J. Schlegel, Dec. 
 25, L907 s res. Pamtaxs Sic. 
 
 MANIFOLD, JOHN H. C., b. Shrewsbury, Pa.; s. Wm. H. and Margaret 
 (Sheffer) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; lic. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1892; pastor, Salona, Pa., Turbotville, 
 Pa., Palmyra, Pa., Manchester, Pa., 1923- ; m. Mary E. Brenneman, 
 July, 1892; 6 children; res., Manchester, Pa. 
 
 McDOWELL, SAMUEL JAMES, b. near Dallastown, Pa., Aug. 29, 1863; 
 s. Isaac and Eliza A. (Peeling) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1892; D.D., Wit. Col., 1914; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 
 1892; pastor, Friesburg, N. J., 1892-98; Sharpsburg, Pa., 1898-1900; 
 Third, Balto., 1915- ; Miss. Supt. Pb. S. Syn., 1900-02; Field Sec. Bd. 
 Home Miss. G. S., 1902-15; m. Annie Susanna Lau, Apr. 3, 1881; chil- 
 dren, Laura B., Hattie E., Saml. J., Miriam L.; res., Balto. | 
 
 NICHOLAS, JACOB LEONARD, b. nr. York, Pa. Nov. 6, 1843; Gbg. 
 Sem., 1889-90; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1888; ord. same, 1889; pastor West 
 Fairview, Pa., 1889-95; Woodbine, Md., 1895-1901; Ickesburg, Pa., 
 1901-09; Elderton, Pa., 1909-12; ret., 1912; m. Amelia Weitkamp, Dec. 
 21, 1865; children, Wm. H., Ida K., Jacob C., Chas. M.; she d. Nov. 2, 
 1914; he d. Dec. 16, 1919. 
 
 PATTERSON, RICHARD SADLER, b. Concord, N. C., Aug. 21, 1866; s. 
 Robt. and Ann C. (Rogers) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1892; D.D., Lenoir Col., 1915; lic. Md. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; 
 pastor, Woodsboro, Md., 1892-99, 1917-25; Salem, Westminster, Md., 
 
 496 
 
ALUMNI 1889 
 
 1925- ; Trinity, Berlin, Pa., 1900-06; Immanuel, Phila. 1906-07; 
 Trinity, Coatesville, Pa., 1907-13; Sec. Home Miss. Bd., G. S. South, 
 1913-17; author Dick and Cato, 1925; m. Clara Elizabeth Schwartz, 
 Sept. 6, 1892; children, Anna E., Dorothy M., Winifred H.; res., West- 
 minster, Md. 
 
 RUTHERFORD, WILLIAM LINCOLN, b. Bainbridge, Pa., Jan. 20, 1862; 
 s. Jno. D. and Rachael (Sheeley) R.; Sus. U., 1883-86; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; D.D., Sus. U.; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. 
 same, 1892; pastor, St. Mark’s, Steelton, Pa., 1892-95; Montoursville, 
 Pa., 1895-01; Second, Dayton, O., 1901-04; St. Paul’s, Dixon, Ill., 1904- 
 10; Collingswood, N. J., 1910-12; Immanuel, Phila., 1912-15; Reforma- 
 tion, Chgo., Ill., 1921-24; First, Sacramento, Cal., 1924- ; in Fla. 1916- 
 19; Lansdale, Pa., 1919-20; m. Annabel C. Lanstram, Dec. 20, 1892; 
 children, Wm., Harold, Adelyn; res., Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 SEIBERT, JOHN FREDERICK, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Aug. 29, 1868; s. 
 Wm. and Mary (Ripper) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1892; D.D., Carthage Col., 1916; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. Ia. Syn, 
 1892; pastor, Ft. Madison, Ia., 1892-95; Sedalia, Mo., 1895-1909; Miss. 
 Supt. N. Ill. Syn., 1909-20; pres. Ill. Syn., 1920-21; Dist. Supt. Bd. H. 
 M. and Ch. Ext., 1921-23, and Gen. Sec. same, 1923- ; m. Florence 
 A. —, July 26, 1892; children, Edith, Wm. R., Florence, Luther, Ruth, 
 Chas, A.s)res., Chgo, 
 
 \ 
 
 THOMAS, THEODORE BAHN, b. York, Pa., Sept. 2, 1864; s. C. Louis 
 and Catharine (Bahn) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1892; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; pastor, St. Peter’s, N. 
 York, Pa., 1892-03; Bethany, Altoona, Pa. 1903-05; Redeemer, (?) 
 1905-10; Boiling Springs, Pa. 1910-14, 1923- ; Chambersburg, Pa., 
 1914-18; Bristol, Pa., 1920-23; asst. chaplain, Newport News, Va., 1918- 
 20; m. Annie Fannie Kettler, Sept. 1, 1892; dau., Catharine H.; res., 
 Boiling Springs, Pa. 
 
 WALTER, CLINTON ELMER, b. Easton, Pa., Oct. 19, 1867; s. Van Selan 
 and Sallie (Laros) W.; Lafayette Col., 3 yrs.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; 
 D.D., Col. of S: C., 1901; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; asst., 
 Trinity, Germantown, Pa., 1892-95; pastor, Hughesville, Pa., 1895-98; 
 St. Paul’s, York, Pa., 1898- ; m. Elizabeth Coxe, Apr. 16, 1896; chil- 
 dren, Clinton E., Coe L., Martha T.; res., York, Pa. 
 
 WIEAND, HENRY EUGENE, b. Phila., Aug. 26, 1866; s. W. R. and 
 Carolyn (O’Boyle) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; 
 497 
 
1890 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Ph.D,, Ind. State U., 1912; D.D., Sus. U., 1917; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1892; 
 ord. same, 1893; pastor, Clarion, Pa., 1893-97; Three Rivers, Mich., 
 1897-01; Altoona, Pa., 1901-11; Bedford, Pa., 1911-17; Trinity, Cam- 
 den, N. J., 1917-18; Millersville, Pa. 1919- ; 1918-19 in France as 
 Y. M. C. A. sec. and later lecturer Fr. Sch. of Officers, Port Sur. Saone, 
 4 citations; m. Flora Jane Sener, Dec. 1, 1898; children, Helen L., 
 Mabel L., Henry E., Dorothea L.; res., Lancaster, Pa. 
 
 ZIMMERMAN, HORACE EHRMAN, b. Johnsville, Md. Apr. 20, 1867; 
 s. Luther M. and Louisa A. (Saltzgiver) Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1889; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; lic. Md. Syn., 1891; ord. same, 1892; pastor, 
 Tannersville, Pa., 1893-99; Clarion, Pa., 1899-1900; Bolivar, O., 1900-03; 
 Dillsburg, Pa., 1903-05; Dickinson, Pa., 1905-07; New Haven, W. Va., 
 1909-12; Mt. Morris, Ill, 1912-18; Kans. City, Mo., 1918-21; Fair- 
 mount, Mo., 1921-23; U. P. R. R. Co., Omaha, Neb., 1907-09; copy ed., 
 Kable Bros. Co. and ed. writer, Mt. Morris Index, 1923- ; m. Anna 
 Elizabeth Doub, Nov. 3, 1893; s. Milo D.; she d. Oct. 7, 1894; m. Lillie 
 Lee Saunders, June 28, 1899; dau. Anna Lee; res., Mt. Morris, Iil. 
 
 1890 
 
 ANSTADT, HENRY, b. Selinsgrove, Pa. June 18, 1869; s. Peter and 
 Elizabeth A. (Benson) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1917; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1894; asst., 
 Trinity, N. S. Pgh., 1894-95; ed. and pub., S. S. Lit., York, Pa., 1895- 
 1906; pastor, Christ, Gbg., 1906-12; Luther Place Mem., Washn., 1912- 
 18; First, Chambersburg, Pa., 1918- ; dir. Natl. Luth. Home for Aged, 
 1913- ; trustee, Tressler Orphanage, 1919- ; instr., Gbg. Acad., 1891- 
 92; instr., York Col. Inst., 1892-93; ed. Cent. Hist., W. Pa. Syn.; m. 
 Emma Cavender Jones, Oct. 24, 1906; dau., Mary E.; res., Chambers- 
 burg, Pa. 
 
 BIXLER, HENRY CLAYTON, b. E. Berlin, Pa., Nov. 8, 1863; s. Saml. 
 E. B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 
 1893; pastor, Manchester, Pa., 1893-1901; Palmyra, Pa., 1901-04; Rebers- 
 burg, Pa. 1904-09; Bruning, Neb., 1909-14; Berrien Springs, Mich., 
 1914-16; Uniondale, Ind., 1916-18; Convoy, O., 1918-19. 
 
 BLINT, EDWARD EUGENE, b. Lock Haven, Pa. Apr. 11, 1868; s. 
 Wm. N. and Mary (Probst) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1893; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1912; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 
 1893; pastor, St. Paul’s, Littlestown, Pa., 1893-1905; Hebron, Leech- 
 burg, Pa., 1905- ; trustee, Tressler Orphanage; member bd. Ed. G. S. 
 and U. L. C.; m. Ada Munro, Oct. 26, 1893; res., Leechburg, Pa. 
 
 498 
 
ALUMNI 1890 
 
 BUCHER, WILLIAM JACOB, b. Upperco, Md., Aug. 29, 1863; s. Noah 
 and Belinda (Miller) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1892; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1893; pastor, Kellersburg, Pa., 
 1893-97; Clarion, Pa., 1897-98; Braddock, Pa., 1898-1909; Blairsville, 
 Pa., 1909-13; Coatesville, Pa., 1913-24; Sidman, Pa., 1924- ; m. Rosa 
 Alice Ehrhart, Sept. 1, 1897; res., Sidman, Pa. 
 
 BURGESS, ELLIS BEAVER, b. Ft. Loudon, Pa., Nov. 19, 1869; s. Andrew 
 and Sarah (Beaver) B.; Mercersburg Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; 
 A.M., Gbg. Col., 1905; D.D., same, 1918; lic. Md. Syn., 1892; ord. Pb. 
 S. Syn., 1893; pastor, Avonmore, Pa., 1893-95; Trinity, Connellsville, 
 Pa., 1895-1920; pres. Pb. Syn., 1919- ; presided 1922 Conv. U. L. C.; 
 Stat. Sec, G. S., 1905-18; Ex. Bd. U. L. C., 1922- ; assoc. ed. Luth. 
 Ch. Wk., 3 yrs.; author, The Gen. Syn. in W. Pa., 1904; Hist. Pb. Syn.; 
 m. Fannie Louise Brinkerhoff, June 13, 1893; children, Ellis S., Milton 
 V.; res., Crafton, Pa. 
 
 FLICK, HENRY HERMAN, b. Lavansville, Pa., Sept. 4, 1848; s. Geo. and 
 Barbara (Young) F.; Ind. State Nor., Pa.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; lic. 
 Al. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; pastor, Lairdsville, Pa., 1893-94; Fish- 
 erville, Pa., 1894-96; Jersey Shore, Pa., 1896-98; Accident, Md., 1898-01; 
 Manchester, Md., 1901-10; Murrysville, Pa., 1910-18; Grove Chapel, Pa., 
 1918-21; Idaville, Pa., 1921-24; rt., 1924; m. Sarah M. Flick, Feb. 13, 
 1870; children, Herman H., Mrs. W. H. Bixler, Mrs. M. C. J. Miller, 
 Mrs. C. C. Wareheim; d. Oct. 27, 1924. 
 
 GEESEY, FREDERICK SECHRIST, b. Red Lion, Pa., Feb. 13, 1862; s 
 Amos and Louise (Sechrist) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1893; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; pastor, Muhlenberg 
 Chgo., York Co., Pa. 1893- ; m. Matilda Ness, Feb. 10, 1884; children, 
 Malvin D., Esther E., Marcella M., Naomi L., Mary R., Edith R., Paul 
 F.; res., Spring Grove, Pa. 
 
 GOOD, MORRIS FRANKLIN, b. Lyon Sta., Pa., Sept. 27, 1866; s. Wil- 
 loughby L. and Fyetta (Folk) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1893; D.D., Sus. U., 1918; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; 
 pastor, Lyons, Pa., 1893-97; Annville, Pa., 1897-1901; Schaefferstown, 
 Pa., 1901-08; Zion, Ashland, Pa., 1908-13; St. Matt., Williamsport, Pa., 
 1913-24; Christ, Milton, Pa., 1924- ; m. Alice Amanda Anewalt, Oct. 
 17, 1895; children, Luther O., Eda A., June R.; res., Milton, Pa. 
 
 GRUVER, OSCAR HERBERT, b. Flicksville, Pa., Nov. 30, 1866; s. Chas. 
 B. and Christiana (Bachman) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. 
 
 499 
 
1890 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Sem., 1893; D.D., Midland Col., 1916; lic. Al. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 
 1893; pastor, Hyndman, Pa., 1893-95; San Francisco, Cal., 1895-97; 
 Stockton, Cal., 1897-98; Idaville, 1899-04; Oakland, Cal., 1904-10; Ala- 
 meda, Cal. 1915- ; member Home Miss. bd. U. L. C., 1922- ; m. 
 Jennie Pike Burnett, May 25, 1904; adopted children, Robt. E., A. 
 Christine; res., Oakland, Cal. 
 
 KITZMEYER, JOHN FREDERICK WILLIAM, b. Balto., May 3, 1868; s. 
 John W. and (Spicker) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1893; lic. Md. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; pastor, Davis, W. Va., 1892- 
 95; Bethany, New York, N. Y., 1895-1906; Woodstock, Va., 1906-07; 
 St. Paul’s, Coney Is., N. Y., 1907-23; member Inner Miss. Bd., U. L. C.; 
 m. Annie Leith, Apr. 20, 1898; children, Frances, Edmund; d. June 30, 
 1923. 
 
 McGILL, HARRY L., b. Louisville, Ky., Jan. 21, 1867; s. John and Frances 
 A. (Rogers) M.; Gbg. Col., 1888-90; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; D.D., 
 Carthage Col., 1919; lic. O. B. Syn., 1893; ord. S. Ill. Syn., 1894; pas- 
 tor Anna, Ill, 1894- ; m. Birdie Finzer, Aug. 16, 1892; res., Anna, 
 Ill. 
 
 MILLER, ADAM B., b. Easton, Pa., Mar. 4, 1844; pvt. Co. A, 76th Pa. 
 Vol., 1864-65; Gbg. Col., 1867-72; Gbg. Sem., 1890-91; A.M., Gbg. Col., 
 1895; teaching and private stud., Theo. Brooks’ Acad., 1872-73; ord. 
 Sus. Syn., 1873; pastor, Liberty, Pa., 1873-90, 1912-14; Glade, Pa., 1891- 
 1906; New Franklin, Pa., 1906-08; Kutztown, Pa., 1908-10; Hellam, 
 Pa., 1910-12; Bedford, Pa., 1915-20; m. Mary C. Dewey, Mar. 3, 1872; 
 d. Jan. 6, 1923. 
 
 MINNICH, WILLIAM GARDNER, b. Middletown, Md., June 21, 1866; s. 
 Ezra and Henrietta M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; pastor, Mt. Joy, Pa. 1893-c1907 ; 
 Concordia, Balto.; St. Jnos., Cumberland, Md.; Lauraville, Balto.; res., 
 Balto. 
 
 NICHOLAS, SAMUEL TRAUGER, b. Kintnersville, Pa. Apr. 23, 1869; 
 s. John and Julia A. (Trauger) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbeg. 
 Sem., 1893; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1916; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 
 1893; pastor, Grace, N. S. Pgh., 1893-1902; St. Peter’s, Middletown, 
 Pa., 1905-13; Keller Mem., Washn., 1913- ; m. Elizabeth Ellen Spang- 
 ler, June 4, 1894; s., John S.; res., Washn. 
 
 500 
 
ALUMNI 1890 
 
 PEERY, RUFUS BENTON, b. Burkes Garden, Va., Apr. 9, 1868; s. Thos. 
 and Sarah H. (Repass) P.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1892; Ph.D., Gbg. Col., 1895; stud. Denver U. and Chgo. U.; D.D., 
 Midland Col., 1909; lic. S. W. Va. Syn., 1891; ord. Va. Syn., 1892; 
 miss. to Japan, 1892-1904; pastor, Phila., 1904-05; St. Paul’s, Denver, 
 Colo., 1905-12; Polo, Ill., 1919-20; Col. Ch. Hickory, N. C., 1920-24; 
 Zion, Wooster, O., 1924- ; pres., Midland Col., 1912-19; prof., Lenoir 
 Col., 1920-24; author, Gist of Japan, 1897: Lutherans in Japan, 1900: 
 Addresses to Young Men, in Jap., 1902: tr. Common Service and Min. 
 Acts into Jap., 1897; corres. in Japan for N. Y. Independent, Record of 
 Christian Work, Luth. Visitor, Luth. Obs.; m. Ann Letitia Rich, 1895; 
 children, Harold R., Thos. B., Rob Roy, Paul D., Wm. W., Donald L.; 
 res., Wooster, O. 
 
 REEN, GEORGE HOWARD, b. nr. Liverpool, Pa., Jan. 17, 1866; s. Saml. 
 and Sarah A. (Hunter) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1893; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; pastor, St. Luke’s, Mans- 
 field, O., 1893-98; First, Columbia, Pa., 1898-03; St. Paul’s, St. Louis, 
 Mo., 1903-06; member bd. home miss., 1903-04; m. Ida B. Gilbert, Oct., 
 1893; children, Sarah H., Calvin G.; she d. Apr. 10, 1901; m. Sarah A. 
 Kerner, Dec. 2, 1903; no children; he d. Oct. 13, 1906. 
 
 RELLER, HERMAN CHARLES, b. Miltonsburgh, O., Mar. 29, 1862; s. 
 Michael and Mary (Giegerich) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1893; lic. 1892; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1893; pastor, Freeport, Pa., 
 1893-1901; Aspinwall, Pa., 1898-1916; ret., 1916; m. Anna L. Smith, 
 June 21, 1899; s., Louis S.; res., Pgh. 
 
 ROWE, GEORGE W., b. Aug. 26, 1868; s. J. H. R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
 1890; Gbg. Sem., 1890-92; in business, Phila. 
 
 RUPP, ULYSSES S. G., b. Lebanon Co., Pa., Aug. 28, 1865; s. Gideon and 
 Elizabeth (Fernsler) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1911; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord same, 1893; pastor, 
 Ft. Washn., Pa., 1893-96; Ref., Balto., 1896-1910; Frederick, Md., 
 1910- ; dir.. Gbg. Sem.; m. Mary Orner Sheeleigh, Dec. 17, 1896; 
 dau., Mary E.; res., Frederick, Md. 
 
 SCHULTZ, FRANTZ S., b. Newry, Pa., June 3, 1861; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; lic. Al. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; pastor, 
 Grace, Johnstown, Pa., 1893-1909; Pinegrove Mills, Pa., 1909-11; Sum- 
 merhill, Pa., 1911- ; m. Cora I. Schoch, June 27, 1893; children, Mar- 
 garet, Dorothy; she d. Dec. 20, 1911; m. Mrs. Nellie C. Straw, Oct. 12, 
 1915; res., Summerhill, Pa. 
 
 501 
 
1891 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 SHAULIS, SAMUEL A., b. nr. Sipesville, Pa., May 31, 1862; s. Fred. W. 
 and Mary E. S.; Tiffin, O., Acad.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; ord. Al. Syn., 
 1893; pastor, Cassville, Pa., 1893-97; New Florence, Pa., 1897-07; Grace 
 Chapel, Pa., 1907-09; m. Mary Elizabeth Miller, July 10, 1890; children, 
 Roy H., Earl F., Mary E., Saml. S.; rt.; res., Mahaffey, Pa. 
 
 SNYDER, LUTHER TOMLINSON, b. New Lexington, Pa., Jan. 9, 1861; 
 s. Moses M. and Adaline (Ringer) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1893; lic. Md. Syn., 1892; ord. Al. Syn., 1893; pastor, Upper 
 Strasburg, Pa., 1893-1903; unmarried; d. Nov. 18, 1904. 
 
 WAGNER, WILLIAM JACOB, b. Tusseyville, Pa., Mar. 16, 1864; s. Jacob 
 and Susanna (Geiss) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1893; 
 lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1892; ord. same, 1893; pastor, Muncy Creek, Pa., 1894- 
 97; Glasgow, Pa., 1897-1903; Buckhorn, Pa., 1903-06; New Bloomfield, 
 Pa., 1906-13; Pottsgrove, Pa., 1913-20; Boalsburg, Pa. 1921- ; m. 
 Katherine Idella Hoy, Oct. 25, 1893; children, Margaret C., John H., 
 Helen D.; res., Boalsburg, Pa. 
 
 YEISER, NOAH EMANUEL, b. Union Mills, Md., March 12, 1864; s. 
 Emanuel and Maria (Myers) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1890; A.M., 1892; 
 Gbg. Sem., 1890-92; D.D., Central U., 1918; ord. Hart. Syn., 1892; 
 Miss. to India, 1892-1900; pastor, Troy, N. Y., 1900-04; Larnaca, Is. of 
 Cyprus, establishment of orph. for Armenian chil., 1904; E. Lansdowne, 
 Pa., 1905-15; Murphysboro, Ill., 1915-16; Tarentum, N. Y., 1916-17; 
 Anti-Sal. L., 1918 (Sec.), 1925, Dist. Supt.; m. Grace Spangler, June 9, 
 1892; children, Maurice, Henry, Eugene and Helen; res., Erie, Pa. 
 
 1891 
 
 AXE, JOHN McCLELLAN, b. Mar. 21, 1863; s. Isaac and Maria (Smith) 
 A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 
 1894; pastor, Grove Chapel, 1896-99; Ringgold, Pa., 1901-18; Smicks- 
 burg, Pa., 1919-21; Knox, Pa., 1921- ; unmarried. 
 
 BAME, RICHARD L. A.B., N. C. Col., 1891; Gbg. Sem., 1891-93; ord. 
 N. C. Syn., 1893; pastor, Nokomis, Ill., 1894; Alamo, Ind., 1894-95; 
 Wallace, Ind., 1895-97; Rural Hill, N. C., 1897-99; Floyd, Va., 1899- 
 1900; united with Episc. Ch., 1901; asst. rector, Christ Ch., Raleigh, 
 N. C.; left Episc. Ch. and engaged in business in Spencer, Rockwell and 
 Mooreville, N. C.; to Ark. c1911 and farming; m.; 3 children; d. c1913. 
 
 BERGSTRESSER, FULLER, b. Taneytown, Md., Jan. 14, 1871; s. Peter 
 and Martha Jane (Fuller) B.; stud. Coe Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; 
 
 502 
 
ALUMNI 1891 
 
 D.D., Midland and Gbg. Cols., 1920; lic. Md. Syn., 1893; ord. Pb. S. 
 Syn., 1894; pastor, Bethel, Pgh., Pa. Trinity, Abilene, Kans., Grace, 
 Lincoln, Neb., St. Peter’s, Middletown, Pa., Trinity, Abilene, Kans.; 
 member Parish and Ch. Sch. Bd., 1918- ; trustee Midland Col., 1908- 
 11; m. Anne Elizabeth McElveen, Sept. 19, 1900; dau., Martha Jane; 
 res., Abilene, Kan. 
 
 BILLHEIMER, STANLEY, b. Shippensburg, Pa., Feb. 10, 1872; s. Thos. 
 C. and Emma Catherine (Ziegler) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1894; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1919; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1893; ord. same, 
 1894; pastor, Georgetown, D.C., 1894-1904; York Springs, Pa., 1904-10; 
 Immanuel, Norwood, Pa., 1910-24; Palmyra, Pa, 1924- ; U. L. C. 
 Boy’s Work Com., 1919- ; assoc. ed. Luth., 1919-22; m. Ida Richard- 
 son, Dec. 13, 1904; children, John P., Mary C., Elinor R.; res., Pal- 
 myra, Pa. 
 
 BIRCH, THOMAS BRUCE, b. Bloomsburg, Pa., Sept. 11, 1866; s. Richard 
 and Ruth (Edwards) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; 
 A.M., U. of Pa., 1906; Ph.D., U. of Pa., 1908; ord. Sus. Syn., 1894; 
 pastor, Boiling Springs, Pa., 1904-06; dir. Summer Sch., Wit. Col., 
 1909-23; treas., O. Col. Assn., 1910-12; sec. same, 1915-20; Ex. Com. 
 same, 1920-24; sec.-treas. O. Soc. Ed., 1917-19; pres. same, 1919-21; 
 prof. Gbg. Acad., 1891-94; prof. Irving Col., 1896-1902; prof. Sus. U., 
 1902-05; prof. U. of Pa., 1905-08; prof. Wit. Col., 1908- ; cont. numer- 
 ous periodicals; tr. Altaris of Wm. of Occam, 1908; fel. A. A. A. S.; 
 fel. Am. Geo. Soc.; fel. Royal Soc. of Arts, Eng.; member Authors’ 
 Club, London; m. Sarah Caroline Himmelburch, Sept. 15, 1894; children, 
 Geo. H., Ed. R., Ruth E., Jas. B.; res., Springfield, O. 
 
 BITTLE, JONATHAN ELMER, b. Myersville, Md., July 30, 1864; s. Thos. 
 F, and Mary E. (Waters) B.; A.B.; Gbg. Col., 1886; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1893; D.D., Sus. U., 1911; lic. Md. Syn., 1892; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1893; 
 pastor Baidland, Pa., 1893-94; Turtle Creek, Pa., 1894-1905; miss. supt. 
 Pb. Syn., 1905-25; mem. bd. Ed., Turtle Creek, Pa., 10 yrs.; ed. Luth, 
 Monthly, 10 yrs.; m. Mollie May Buhrman, Jan., 1888; children, Helen 
 E., Mabel A., Frank B.; res., Wilkinsburg, Pa. 
 
 DEITZ, ARCHIBALD EDWIN, b. Berne, N. Y., Oct. 27, 1869; s. Chas. 
 E. and Laura J. (Ludden) D.; grad. Hart. Sem., 1886; Hart. Sem. 
 Theo., 1889-91; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; D.D., Hart. Sem., 1916; lic. Md. 
 Syn., 1891; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1892; pastor, Third, Rhinebeck, 
 N. Y., 1892-98; Poestenkill, N. Y., 1899-1904; Trinity, Riverside, Cal., 
 1904-08; Salem, Ponca, Neb., 1908-11; All Souls, Jersey City, N. J., 
 
 503 
 
1891 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1912-20; Hartwick Sem., N. Y., 1920-24; Our Saviour, .New York, 
 N. Y., 1924- ; actg. pres., Hart. Sem. 1920-22; dean, Theo. Dept. 
 same, 1922-24; prof. same, 1920-24; m. Caroline W. Secor, Oct. 18, 
 1893; she d. Dec. 18, 1907; m. Marie B. Lederle, Aug. 3, 1919; res., N. Y. 
 
 DUNLAP, WILTON CLYDE, b. Pine Grove Mills, Pa., Dec. 29, 1865; s. 
 Scott and Lyde D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; D.D., 
 Ia. Christian Col., 1908; Ph.D., Cent. U., 1912; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1893; 
 ord. same, 1894; pastor, Duncannon, Pa., 1894-95; Spencerville, Ind., 
 1895-99; Oswego, N. Y., 1899-01; Montoursville, Pa., 1901-11; St. 
 Mark’s, Pgh., Pa., 1911-12; N. Manchester, Ind. 1912-16; Trinity, 
 Louisville, Ky., 1916-21; Reading, Pa., 1921- ; m. Irene Beck, 1894; 
 children, Harold F., Alcesta, Karl, Waldo; she d. 1917; m. Mary Rhone, 
 1919; res., Reading, Pa. 
 
 GETTY, GEORGE ALBERT, b. Balto., Mar. 10, 1872; s. Geo. and Annie 
 (Wolf) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; D.D., Gbg. 
 Col., 1917; lic. Md. Syn., 1893; ord. E. O. Syn., 1894; pastor, Cleve- 
 land, O., 1894-96; E. Schodack, N. Y., 1896-98; Cobleskill, N. Y., 1898- 
 10; St. Jnos., Balto., 1910-15; Zion, York, Pa., 1915- ; member Dea- 
 coness bd., 9 yrs.; author, The Kingly Christ, 1923; m. Alethea Wilson 
 Bevard, June 5, 1894; she d. Aug. 7, 1915; m. Carrie Elizabeth Haase, 
 June 11, 1917; res., York, Pa. 
 
 HEFELBOWER, SAMUEL GRING, b. Newville, Pa., Nov. 11, 1871; s. 
 Saml. and Anna Elizabeth (Gring) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1894; Leipsic U., 1895-96; same, 1901-02; Halle U., 1902; 
 Princeton U., 1910-11; A.M., Ph.D., Harvard U., 1914; D.D., Dickinson 
 Col., 1905; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1893; ord. same, 1894; pastor, Red Rose, 
 Manheim, Pa., 1896-99; Frostburg, Md., 1899-1901; prof. Gbg. Col., 
 1902-04; pres. Gbg. Col., 1904-10; prof. Washburn Col., 1914-20; prof. 
 Carthage Col., 1920- ; author, The Relation of John Locke to English 
 Theism, 1918: The Place of Scholarship in Ministerial Training, 1922: 
 Rel. Ed. in the Program of Our Cols. and Sems., 1924; m. Edna Mae 
 Loomis, May 6, 1897; dau., Edna E.; she d. Aug. 10, 1899; m. Elizabeth 
 Hitchens, Sept. 25, 1902; she d. Dec. 8, 1922; res., Carthage, IIl. 
 
 HESS, WILLIAM W., recd. into Presby. Ch. at Council Bluffs, Ia., Dec. 3, 
 1904; no details known. 
 
 HOICK, JOHN EDWARD, b. Oswego, N. Y., Sept. 27, 1866; s. Henry 
 and Mary (Fitch) H.; Syracuse U., 1888-89; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1894; pastor, Ghent, 
 
 504 
 
ALUMNI 1891 
 
 N. Y., 1894-98; San Diego, Cal., 1898-1909; San Jose, Cal., 1909-15; 
 Los Angeles, Cal., 1915- ; m. Grace Dietz, Mar. 2, 1898; children, 
 Evelyn A., Marion L.; res., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 KING, ALVIN ARTHUR, b. Lower Nazareth, Pa., Feb. 16, 1868; Gbg. 
 Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1893; ord. same, 1894; 
 pastor, Glen Gardner, N. J., 1894-1900; Emanuel, New York, N. Y., 
 1900-12; m. Alice Reimer; s. Arthur; d. May 28, 1912. 
 
 MILLER, HENDERSON NEIFFER, b. Salisbury, N. C., June 8, 1872; s. 
 Calvina J. and Jennie (Ketchte) M.; A.B., N. C. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1894; Ph.D., Gbg. Col., 1896; B.D., Maywood Sem., 1903; lic. 
 S. W. Va. Syn., 1893; ord. Md. Syn., 1894; pastor, Brunswick, Md., 
 1894-95; Salem, Rowan Co., N. C., 1895-97; Middlepoint, O., 1903-06; 
 First, Columbus, O., 1906-13; Wytheville, Va., 1916-18; Macon, Ga., 
 1918-19; Greenville, Pa., 1919- ; prin. Amoena Sem., 1897-1902; pres. 
 Marion Col., 1913-16; m. Cora Lillian Patterson, Sept. 12, 1894; children, 
 Cora L., Frank H., Nellie J., Ethel R.; res., Greenville, Pa. 
 
 MULLEN, ALBERT OSWALD, b. Smithsburg, Md., Jan. 10, 1867; s. 
 Amos and Hannah (Oswald) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1894; Johns Hopkins U., 1907-13; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1922; lic. Md. 
 Syn., 1893; ord. same, 1894; pastor, Watsontown, Pa., 1894-1903; Ard- 
 more, Pa., 1903-04; Spring Grove, Pa. 1914- ; chaplain, Md. Peni- 
 tentiary, 1905-13; asst. Christ, Balto., 1913-14; m. Lulu Grace Bikle, 
 June 27, 1895; s. Burke B.; res., Spring Grove, Pa. 
 
 OTTMAN, EMERY A., b. Lawyersville, N. Y., Dec. 21, 1868; s. John H. 
 and Angelica (Borst) O.; Hart. Sem.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1892; D.D., 
 Hart. Sem., 1913; lic. Md. Syn., 1891; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1892; 
 pastor, Guilderland, Center, N. Y., 1892-98; Ghent, N. Y., 1898-1904; 
 Ancram, N. Y., 1904-10; Richmondville, N. Y., 1910-24; Center Bruns- 
 wick, N. Y., 1924- ; m. Gittie Ann Vroman, Dec. 14, 1892; dau, 
 Angelina V.; res., Center Brunswick, N. Y. 
 
 PATTERSON, ROBERT LEONIDAS, b. China Grove, N. C., Feb. 20, 1871; 
 s. I. Frank and M. Louisa (Low) P.; A.B., N. C. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1894; Bib. Sem., 1919, 1920, 1921; B.D., Maywood Sem., 1901; 
 D.D., Sus. U., 1911; ord. Md. Syn., 1894; pastor, Union Bridge, Md., 
 1894-99; Osborne, O., 1901-02; Somerset, Pa. 1902-08; St. Mark’s, 
 Charlotte, N. C., 1908-14; Union, Salisbury, N. C., 1914-15; St. Mark’s, 
 Atchison, Kans., 1915-21; Trinity, Selinsgrove, Pa., 1922-23; pres. Bd. 
 Home Miss. Un. Syn. So., 1910-14; prof. Elizabeth Col., 1909-12; prof. 
 
 505 
 
1891 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Western Sem., 1916-18, 1923- ; m. Virginia A. Blackwelder, Jan. 1, 
 1895; children, Frank B., Geo. R., Ruth R., Virginia L., Luther W.; 
 res., Fremont, Neb. 
 
 POHLMAN, AUGUST, b. Balto. Mar. 1, 1864; s. Fred. and Augusta 
 (Scherger) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; Gbg. Sem., 1891-93; M.D., Balto. 
 Med. Col., 1896; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1912; lic. Md. Syn., 1893; miss. to 
 Liberia, 1896-1902; pastor, Temple, Phila., 1902- ; member numerous 
 bds. and coms.; member Fed. Council Com. on Evang.; m. Augusta 
 Nemon Shaffer, June 11, 1899; dau., Augusta D.; she d. Sept. 4, 1907; 
 res., Phila. 
 
 RITTER, CHARLES LEWIS, b. Keysville, Md.; s. Peter and Ceranda 
 (Lippy) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; lic. Md. 
 Syn., 1893; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1894; pastor, Burkittsville, Md., Fair- 
 field, Pa., Wheeling, W. Va., St. Peter’s, York, Pa., Mahanoy City, Pa., 
 Shippenville, Pa.; m. Emma Virginia Stimmel; res., Shippenville, Pa. 
 
 SLIFER, WILLIAM GRANT, b. Locust Grove, Md.; s. Joshua and Eliza 
 (Haynes) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; lic. Md. 
 Syn., 1893; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1894; pastor, Idaville, Pa., 1894-96; 
 Davis, W. Va., 1896-98; Clearville, Pa., 1898-03; Bloserville, Pa., 1903- 
 11; St. Thos., Pa, 1911- ; m. Mary Blanche Walter, June 5, 1894; 
 children, Luther W., Mary E., Naomi G., Martha E.; res., St. Thomas, 
 Pa. 
 
 SLOOP, HENRY E. H., b. nr. China Grove, N. C., Mar. 25, 1862; s. 
 Abraham and Delilah (Bostian) S.; Ph.B., N. C. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1894; A.M., N. C. Col., 1898; Maywod Sem., 1924- ; lic. Md. 
 Syn., 1893; ord. N. C. Syn., 1894; pastor, Davie Mission, N. C., 1894- 
 95; Sumter Co., Ga. 1896-97; Beth Eden, Miss., 1898-1900; Smith 
 Co., Miss., 1900-05; St. Jas. Chge., Tenn., 1905-07; St. Stephen’s Chge., 
 N. C., 1907-09; Capon, W. Va., 1911-15; Eglon, W. Va., 1915-16; 
 Gravel Springs, Va., 1916-23; Botetourt, Va., 1923-24; prin. Beth Eden 
 Col. Inst., 2 yrs.; m. Mary E. Ketchie, Mar. 9, 1897; children, Karl V., 
 Ralph C., Roy L., Harry H., E. Ruth, Bernice M., Lois V.; res., Nace, 
 Va. 
 
 SNYDER, GEORGE FRANKLIN, b. Port Royal, Pa. Aug. 25, 1867; s. 
 Geo. and Charlotte (Kloss) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
 1894; D.D., Sus. U., 1922; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1893; ord. same, 1894; pas- 
 tor, Redeemer, Williamsport, Pa., 1894-c98; Lilly, Pa., 1900-03; St. 
 Paul’s, Altoona, Pa. 1903- ; m. Minnie A. Stabler, May 26, 1898; 
 children, Dorothy S., Marjorie E.; res., Altoona, Pa. 
 
 506 
 
ALUMNI 1892 
 
 STUP, ADAM CORNELIUS, b. nr. Frederick, Md., Feb. 26, 1866; s. Wm. 
 D. and Eleanor (Brunner) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; Gbg. Sem., 1891- 
 93; lic. Md. Syn., 1893; miss., Riverside, Cal., 1893; d. Jan. 9, 1894. 
 
 SWARTZ, CHARLES K., b. 1861; s. Joel S.; Gbg. Col., 1879-80; spec. 
 stud., Gbg. Sem.; m. Elizabeth A. Howard, Dec. 12, 1892. 
 
 TATE, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Everett, Pa., Sept. 10, 1867; s. Alexander 
 and Henrietta (Carpenter) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
 1894; B.D., Hope Col.; lic. Al. Syn., 1893; ord. same, 1894; pastor, 
 Penbrook, Pa., 1894-96; Minersville, Pa., 1896-98; St. Andrew’s, Phila., 
 1898-01; Cheyenne, Wyo., 1902; Newton, Ia., 1902-04; Berne, N. Y., 
 1904-07 ; left Luth. min., 1907; ord. deacon and priest, Episc. Ch., 1908; 
 lay reader and rector, St. Luke’s, Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1907-09; rector, 
 Tyrone, Pa., 1909-10; Emporium, Pa., 1910-16; Christ, Waterloo, Ia., 
 1916-20; Holland, Mich., 1920-22; Holy Trinity, Memphis, Tenn., 
 1922- ; m. Florence Ada Heisler, Mar. 12, 1896; children, Luther H., 
 Florence E., Frances L., Mary M., Paul A., Jno. C., Donald O., Harold 
 R.; res., Memphis, Tenn. 
 
 WOLF, EDMUND J., b. Centre Hall, Pa., Dec. 27, 1872; s. Simon and 
 Carrie (Working) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; 
 m. Katerine Crebo, Sept. 4, 1904; s. Edmund C.; res., Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 WOLF, ROBERT BRUCE, b. Center Hall, Pa., Mar. 10, 1870; s. Simon 
 S. and Carrie (Working) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1894; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1893; ord. Kans. Syn., 1894; pastor, Eureka, 
 Kans., 1894-1902; Kans. City, Kans., 1902-10; Colorado Springs, Col., 
 1910- ; pres. Colorado Springs Bh. Ed., 1917- ; m. Aimee Wakefield, 
 June 19, 1900; s. Paul W.; res., Colorado Springs, Col. 
 
 1892 
 
 ALBERT, JOHN JACOB, b. Washn., Jan. 14, 1869; s. A. D. A.; A.B., Gbg. 
 Col., 1892; Gbg. Sem., 1892-94, 1895; lic. Neb. Syn., 1894; not ord.; 
 pastor, Sidney, Neb., 1894-95; Boulder, Colo., 1895-97; left ministry 
 1897 and engaged in engr. work; res., Washn.; d. 1911. 
 
 BALL, JESSE WINECOFF, b. Berlin, Pa., Dec. 29, 1870; s. Danl. and Sarah 
 (Imhoff) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1895; Ph.D., U. 
 of Neb., 1907; lic. Al. Syn., 1894; ord. Cal. Syn., 1896; pastor First, 
 Los Angeles, Cal., 1895-1900; Children’s Mem., Kans. City, Mo., 1900- 
 03; Grace, Lincoln, Neb., 1903-05; St. Mark’s, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 1908- ; m. Mary E. Messerly, Sept. 8, 1902; children, Alpheus M., 
 Maude E., Mary M.; res., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 507 
 
1892 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 BEISWANGER, GEORGE, b. Balto., Feb. 15, 1868; s. John and Sarah 
 Ann (Weber) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1895; D.D., 
 Midland Col., 1924; lic. Md. Syn., 1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, Cal- 
 vary, Balto., 1895-1902; St. Paul’s, Vandergrift, Pa., 1902-07; First, 
 Oklahoma City, Okla., 1907-09; Children’s Mem., Kans. City, Mo., 1909- 
 15; Messiah, Constantine, Mich., 1915-17; Zion, N. Manchester, Ind., 
 1917-20; Trinity, Carthage, Ill, as supply, 1922-23; Grace, Monroe, 
 Wis., 1923- ; dean of men, Carthage Col., 1920-23; member ed. com., 
 Ill. Syn., 1922-24; member com. Rel. Ed., Ill. Syn., 1924- ; prof. Car- 
 thage Acad., 1920-23; prof. Carthage Col., 1922-23; m. Lugarda Grace 
 Wilhelm, Oct. 24, 1900; children, Stephen, Geo. W., Martin L., Char- 
 lotte R., Anna G., Philip M., John P.; res., Monroe, Wis. 
 
 BERKEY, HARVEY EDMUND, b. nr. Jennerstown, Pa., Jan. 21, 1866; 
 s. Peter F. and Charlotte (Walker) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1895; Erlangen U., 1908; Leipsic U., 1909; lic. Al. Syn., 
 1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, Red Lion, Pa., 1895-1901; Sharpsburg, 
 Pa., 1901-03; Monongahela, Pa., 1903-08; St. John’s, Balto., 1909-10; 
 Apollo, Pa., 1910-14; Roaring Spring, Pa., 1914-21; rt., 1921; m. Cora 
 Elizabeth Hartman, June 18, 1895; res., Gbg. 
 
 BIKLE, CHARLES GEORGE, b. Smithsburg, Md.; s. John L. and Georgia 
 V. (Riddlemoser) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1895; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, Glen Gardner, N. J., 
 1895-1900; Dansville, N. Y., 1900-04; Williamsport, Pa., 1904-17; 
 Gloversville, N. Y., 1917-21; left Min., 1921; U. S. Vets. Bu, 1 yr.; 
 mgr. branch off., Better Brushes Inc., 2 yrs.; m. Catharine Bright Chritz- 
 man, June 15, 1898; children, Catharine G., Chas. A.; res., Balto. 
 
 BRAREN, JOHN SAMUEL, b. Utersum, Is. Foehr, Schleswig, Apr. 20, 
 1872; s. Brar C. and Anna O. (Lund) B.; Breklum Gym. and Sem.; 
 Ploen Gym.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1894; lic. Ger. Neb. Syn., 1893; ord. 
 N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1894; asst. Christ, N. Y. City, 1894-96; pastor, 
 Ellenville, N. Y., 1896-99; Trinity, Albany, N. Y., 1899-1901; St. Luke’s, 
 Cumberland; Md., 1901-11; St. Luke’s, Marietta, O., 1911-15; Trinity, 
 Hudson Heights, N. J., 1919-24; St. Mark’s, Jamaica, N. Y., 1924- ; 
 First, Cong., Melbourne, Fla., 1916-18; m. Emma Beiderbecke, Nov. 4, 
 1896; children, Ralph, Gita, Waldemar, Geo., Herbert; res., Jamaica, 
 May. 
 
 COOK, JEREMIAH KNODE, Gbg. Col., 1890-92; Gbg. Sem., 1892-94; 
 united with Episc. Ch.; no details known. 
 
 508 
 
ALUMNI 1892 
 
 DAMUTH, WARREN KEIFER, b. Thurmont, Md., Mar. 28, 1873; s. Chas. 
 A. and Henrietta (Root) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; Gbg. Sem., 1892-94; 
 Gen. Theo. Sem., N. Y., 1894-96; ord. deacon Episc. Ch., 1896; ord. 
 priest, 1897; asst. Grace, Topeka, Kans., 1896-97; asst., St. Mark’s, 
 Phila., 1897-1903; rector, Calvary, Phila., 1903-07; St. Luke’s, Balto., 
 1907-09; Vicar, St. Michael’s, Phila., 1909-10; Holy Cross, N. Y. City, 
 1911-21; rector, Thurmont, Md., 1921- ; unmarried; res., Thurmont, 
 Md. 
 
 DRAWBAUGH, DAVID PORTER, b. Carlisle, Pa.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 
 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1895; ord. 1895; pastor, McConnellsburg, Pa., 
 1895-1900; Altoona, Pa.; Messiah, Homestead, Pa.; Smithville, O., 
 1924- ; m. Elida Zinn, June 4, 1895. 
 
 FRANTZ, JOHN LUTHER, b. Salem, Va., Apr. 28, 1871; s. Marshall P. 
 and Virginia (McCauley) F.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1895; lic. S. W. Va. Syn., 1894; ord. Md. Syn., 1895; pastor, St. 
 Luke’s, Balto., 1895-1900; St. Mark’s, Washn., 1902-12; St. John’s, 
 Knoxville, Tenn., 1912-16; Zion, Myersdale, Pa., 1916- ; trustee, Natl. 
 Home for the Aged, 1920- ; m. Beulah Love Eckel, Feb. 8, 1917; res., 
 Myersdale, Pa. 
 
 GIFT, FOSTER ULYSSES, b. Paxtonville, Pa., May 25, 1871; s. Wm. D. 
 and Ada (Bowersox) G.; B.E., Bloomsburg State Nor. Sch., 1890; A.B., 
 Sus. U., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1895; A.M., Sus. U., 1900; U. of Pa., 
 1908; Bib. Sem., N. Y., 1923; D.D., Sus. U., 1917; ord. Sus. Syn., 1895; 
 pastor, Scranton, Pa., 1895-99; Williamsport, Pa., 1899-1904; Phila., 
 1904-10; Balto., 1910-22; supt. instr... Deaconess Trg. Sch., Balto., 
 1922- ; m. Carrie M. Swengle, Feb. 2, 1898; dau. Marion N.; res., 
 Balto. 
 
 GRIMM, KARL JOSEPH, b. Steinbach, Amt Wertheim, Baden, June 10, 
 1871; s. Magnus and Biligildis (Schuessler) G.; Gym. and U. in Ger.; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1895; Johns Hopkins U., 1896-1901; Ph.D., same 
 1899; lic. C. Ill. Syn., 1895, not renewed; prof. Ursinus Col., 1901-06; 
 prof. Gbg. Col., 1906- ; author, Euphemistic Liturgical Appendices in 
 the O. T., 1901; m. Anna Catharine Broessel, 1902; children, Hermine, 
 Gisela, Karl, Anna D.; res., Gbg. 
 
 GUINEY, JAMES BUCHANNAN, b. Franklin Co., Pa., Mar. 17, 1856; 
 s. Wm. and Elizabeth (Overcash) G.; grad. Sus. U., 1892; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1895; lic. Al. Syn., 1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, Cold Springs, 
 South Fork, Pa., Loganton, McCool, Neb., Montoursville, Pa., Mill 
 
 509 
 
1892 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Creek, Pa., White Water, Kans.; Winston Co., Miss., Sherrodsville, O., 
 1925- ; m. Annie M. Forster, 1895; children, Hertha E., Ivan P.; res., 
 Sherrodsville, O. 
 
 HESSE, FERDINAND, b. Berkley Co., W. Va., Nov. 7, 1866; s. Ludwig 
 and Agatha (Velderin) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; Gbg. Sem., 1892-94; 
 ord. Sus. Syn., 1894; pastor, New Oxford, Pa., 1894-03; Grace, Phila., 
 1903-07; Smithsburg, Md., 1907- ; m. Effie Florence Greenholt, Sept. 
 1, 1903; children, Florence C., John F., Pauline R., Agatha E.; res., 
 Smithsburg, Md. 
 
 HUBER, CHARLES HENRY, b. Nebraska City, Neb., June 7, 1871; s. 
 Eli and Mary E. (Deibert) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1896; Litt.D., Gbg. Col., 1914; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1894; ord. same, 1896; 
 tutor, Gbg. Acad., 1892-93; vice-prin. same, 1893-96; headmaster, same, 
 1896- ; m. Louise Annan, Dec. 18, 1897; children, Elizabeth A., Chas. 
 H.; res., Gbg. 
 
 JACOBS, CHARLES FRANKLIN, b. Bakersville, Pa., Sept. 1, 1865; s. 
 Casper and Christiana W. (Ulery) J.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1895; lic. Al. Syn., 1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, Sinking 
 Valley and Tyrone, Pa., 1895-98; St. Mark’s, Steelton, Pa., 1898-1902; 
 St. Jas., York, Pa. 1902-16; McConnellsburg, Pa. 1916-21; Spry- 
 Windsor Park, York, Pa. 1921- ; m. Puria H. Krout; children, Dor- 
 othy L., Margaret L., Carolyn I., Chas. R.; res., York, Pa. 
 
 KETNER, GEORGE JOSEPH MELANCHTHON, b. Aetna, Pa.; s. Danl. 
 and Catharine (Garner) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1895; lic. Al. Syn., 1894; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1895; pastor, New Chester, 
 Pa., 1895-98; Davis, W. Va., 1898-01; New York, N. Y., 1901-09; West 
 Camp, N. Y.; Central Bridge, N. Y., 1915- ; m. Susie Blanche War- 
 ren, Dec., 1895; children, Hazel I., Ruth C. S., Luther W., Dorothy M.; 
 res., Ellenville, N. Y. 
 
 LEADER, HENRY ALLEN, b. York, Pa., Jan. 11, 1865; s. Saml. and 
 Mary A. (Naily) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; Gbg. Sem., 1892-93; grad. 
 Wit. Sem., 1897; A.M., Wit. Col., 1900; D.D., Wit. Col., 1923; lic. Wit. 
 Syn., 1896; ord. O. B. Syn., 1897; pastor, Second, Richmond, Ind., 1897- 
 1907; Middlebury, Ind., 1907-14; Convoy, O., 1914-17; Litchfield, IIL, 
 1917- ; prin., Loysville Orphanage, 1894-95; m. Lydia L. Shepp, Dec., 
 1892; children, Mary E., Robt. M.; res., Litchfield, Il. 
 
 LEAMER, JESSE S., b. Hollidaysburg, Pa. Mar. 11, 1866; s. Geo. and 
 Margaret (Geesey) L.; A.B., Midland Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 
 510 
 
ALUMNI 1892 
 
 1895; D.D., Carthage Col., 1920; lic. Neb. Syn., 1894; ord. same, 1895; 
 pastor, Grand Island, Neb., 1895-97; Wilbur, Neb., 1897-1901; Sidney, 
 Neb., 1901-07; Clinton, Ia., 1907- ; trustee, Nachusa Orphanage, 16 
 yrs.; m. Elsie E. Nyboe, Aug. 25, 1897; children, Bruce V., Margaret 
 H., Margery R.; res., Clinton, Ia. 
 
 LESHER, SAMUEL MARTIN, b. McConnellsburg, Pa., Aug. 16, 1864; s. 
 Abraham and Anna E. (Tice) L.; A.B., Midland Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1895; D.D., Carthage Col., 1923; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1894; ord. 
 Kans. Syn., 1895; pastor, Effingham and Valley Falls, Kans., 1895-98; 
 Dakota City, Neb., 1898-1904; Sedalia, Mo., 1904-08; Mendon, IIl., 1908- 
 12; Burlington, Ia., 1912- ; m. Addie A. Young, Oct. 31, 1895; children, 
 Leland H., Florence E., Maurice E., Elizabeth E.; res., Burlington, Ia. 
 
 MARKWARD, JOSEPH BRADLEY, b. Jacksonville, Pa., Mar. 25, 1869; 
 s. Geo. G. and Mary (Hale) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1891; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1895; D.D., Midland Col., 1909; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1894; ord. Pb. 
 S. Syn., 1895; asst. Trinity, Pgh. Pa. 1895-99; pastor, Calvary, Wil- 
 kinsburg, Pa., 1899-1909; Bethlehem, Harrisburg, Pa., 1909-19; First, 
 Springfield, O., 1919- ; member numerous bds. and coms.; ed. Adult 
 Dept., Augsburg Teacher; m. Ivy Lorella Eggers, June 8, 1899; dau., 
 Florence; res., Springfield, O. 
 
 McCAULEY, ERNEST ROEDEL, b. Salem, Va., June 13, 1869; s. Wm. 
 and Margaret (Shirey) M.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1895; A.M., Roanoke Col., 1907; D.D., Sus. U., 1908; lic. S. W. Va. 
 Syn., 1893; lic. Md. Syn., 1894; ord. Sus. Syn., 1895; pastor, First, 
 Cedar Rapids, Ia., 1895-97; St. Stephen’s, Pgh., 1898-1900; Grace, Al- 
 toona, Pa., 1900-13; First, Norfolk, Va., 1913-22; Holy Trinity, Raleigh, 
 N. C., 1924- ; evangelist, 1922-24; ed. adult notes, Augsburg Teacher, 
 1908-14; m. Grace Beth Ford, Sept. 7, 1897; children, Wm. F., Fred. 
 D.; res., Raleigh, N. C. 
 
 NICHOLAS, WILLIAM HENRY, b. nr. York, Pa., Feb. 5, 1867; s. Jacob 
 and Amelia (Weitkamp) N.; grad. Shippensburg State Nor. Sch., 1890; 
 Grad. Gbg. Sem., 1895; D.D., Carthage Col., 1918; lic. W. Pa. Syn, 
 1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, St. Andrew’s, Phila. 1895-97; First, 
 Apollo, Pa., 1897-1902; Grace, Pgh. Pa., 1902-08; Grace, Springfield, 
 Ill., 1908- ; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1903-07; m. Louise Mary Kline, Sept. 28, 
 1897; children, Wm. H., Charles A.; she d. May 29, 1909; m. Bertha 
 Margaret Boehmig, Nov. 24, 1910; children, Robt. L., Constance B., 
 Miriam M., Eden M.; res., Springfield, Ill. 
 
 511 
 
1893 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 SANDERS, CHARLES FINLEY, b. Mifflinsburg, Pa., Feb. 11, 1869; s. 
 Jos. and Eve C. (Miller) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1895; Leipsic U., 1905-06; D.D., Lafayette Col., 1913; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 
 1895; pastor, Avonmore, Pa., 1895-98; Blairsville, Pa., 1898-1905; prof. 
 Blairsville Col. for Women, 1901-05; prof. Gbg. Col., 1906- ; tr. Jeru- 
 salem’s Intro. to Philos., 1910; tr. Hoffding’s Hist. Philos., 1812; tr. 
 Jerusalem’s Probs. Sec. Tchr., 1918; m. Harriet E. Hesson, Dec. 27, 
 1894; res., Gbg. 
 
 SCHANTZ, ELMER EDWIN, b. Geryville, Pa., Sept. 16, 1862; s. Reuben 
 S. and Amelia (Hillegass) S.; A.B., Midland Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1895; Johns Hopkins U., 1896; lic. Kans. Syn., 1894; ord. Sus. 
 Syn., 1895; pastor, New Freedom, Pa., 1895-1904; St. Paul’s, Gordon, 
 Pa., 1904-08; St. Luke’s, Schaefferstown, Pa., 1908- ; m. Lottie Min- 
 erva Dise, Oct. 5, 1897; children, Eva B., Bradford T., Edwin H., 
 Joseph D.; res., Schaefferstown, Pa. 
 
 1893 
 
 BARE, WILL FRANKLIN, b. Jefferson, Pa.; s. Edward S. and Lamanda 
 B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1895; 
 ord. same, 1896; pastor, St. Mark’s, Steelton, Pa., 1896-98; Christ, 
 Dallastown, Pa., 1899-1902; St. Mark’s, Conshohocken, Pa., 1902-12; 
 St. John’s, Sparrows Pt., Md., 1917-21; St. Paul’s, Morgantown, W. Va., 
 1921-25; St. Matt., Lebanon, Pa., 1925-. ; ex. sec. Laymen’s Miss., Nov., 
 1912-17; m. Emma Irene Ziegler, June 16, 1896; children, Ethel G., 
 Henry Z.; res., Lebanon, Pa. 
 
 BOWERS, JOHN CULLER, b. Jefferson, Md., July 1, 1867; s. Henry and 
 Matilda B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; D.D., Wit. 
 Col., 1916; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1895; ord. Md. Syn., 1896; pastor, St. 
 Mark’s, Washn., 1896-1902; Calvary, Balto., 1902-10; Cantonsville, Md., 
 1910- ; dir. Tressler Orphanage, 1908-09; member Deaconess bd. G. S., 
 1905-18; m. S. Adelaide Schumann, Dec. 29, 1908; children, Ethel M., 
 Jno. Z.; res., Balto. 
 
 CRIGLER, JOHN FIELDING, b. Madison Co., Va., Oct. 13, 1869; s. 
 Jason and Elizabeth (Aylor) C.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1892; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1896; lic. Md. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, Lutherville, 
 Md., 1896-15; St. Mark’s, Charlotte, N. C., 1915- ; m. Edith Morris 
 Wolf, Oct. 7, 1903; children, Elizabeth A., Catherine W., Eleanor F., 
 Jno. F.; res., Charlotte, N. C. 
 
 512 
 
ALUMNI 1893 
 
 DIETERLY, ERVIN, b. Springtown, Pa., Apr. 30, 1868; s. Jno. and Mary 
 (Frankenfield) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; lic. 
 E. Pa. Syn., 1895; no pastorate; sup. farm, 1899-1908; farming imple- 
 ments and autos, 1908- ; m. Emma A. Pearson, Feb. 13, 1897; chil- 
 dren, Jacob H., Myrtle N.; res., Springtown, Pa. 
 
 DIFFENDERFER, GEORGE MICHAEL, b. E. Petersburg, Pa., Jan. 5, 
 1869; s. Emanuel and Frances (Kneier) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1911; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1895; 
 ord. same, 1896; pastor, Newport, Pa., 1896-1900; First, Carlisle, Pa., 
 1900-14; Luther Pl., Washn., 1919- ; trustee, Irving Col., 1901-05; 
 trustee, Tressler Orphanage, 1900- ; ex. sec., Pastors’ Fund, 1914-18; 
 prof., Dickinson Col., 1911-12; prof., Washn. Prep. Sch., 1919-22; mem- 
 ber Washn. Com. Fed. Coun. Chs.; trustee, New Std. Col. for Women; 
 Personnel Staff, Chief of Chaplain’s Office; m. Laura A. Diehl, June 30, 
 1896; children, Isabel R., Geo. M.; res., Washn. 
 
 EHRHART, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Oct. 26, 1861; s. Wm. and Eliza 
 (Stump) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, Silver Run, Md., 1896-1903; Brod- 
 becks, Pa., 1903- ; m. Emma A. Strine, July 29, 1896; children, Janet 
 E., Kenneth S.; she d. Oct. 19, 1920; res., Brodbecks, Pa. 
 
 ENDERS, GEORGE WILLIAM, JR., b. Bridgeton, N. J., Aug. 10, 1871; 
 s. Geo. and Phoebe (Miller) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1896; D.D., 1920; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, 
 Argusville, N. Y., 1896-99; Union Bridge, Md., 1898-1905; Clearfield, 
 Pa., 1905-13; Paradise, York Co., Pa., 1913- ; m. Margaret Elizabeth 
 Herbst, June 9, 1896; children, Margaret E., Geo. W., John J.; res., 
 York, Pa: 
 
 GRIMES, JOHN CONLEY, b. nr. Mifflin, Pa., Oct. 21, 1871; s. John and 
 Elizabeth (Conley) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; Gbg. Sem., 1893; entered 
 ministry of M. E. Ch., 1896; pastor, Greencastle, Pa., 1896-97; Delano, 
 Pa., 1897-98; Jonestown, Pa., 1898-99; Orangeville, Pa., 1900; Nesco- 
 peck, Pa., 1901-02; Berwick, Pa., 1903-05; McConnellsburg and River- 
 side, Pa.; ord. deacon, Episc. Ch., 1909, and priest 1910; rector, Renovo, 
 Blossburg and Arnot, Pa.; m. Elsie Carl Bushey, Aug. 23, 1900; d. 
 Jan., 1921. 
 
 GUSS, JEROME MICHAEL, b. Juniata Co., Pa., Feb. 3, 1868; s. Wm. and 
 Mary Ann (Moyer) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1921; lic. C. Pa., Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, 
 
 513 
 
1893 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Duncannon, Pa., 1896-1900; Etna, Pa., 1900-10; Middleburg, Pa., 1910- 
 13; Muhlenberg, Phila., 1913-21; Luther Mem., Chgo., 1921-23; Red 
 Lion, Pa., 1923- ; dir., Gbg. Sem., 1906; m. Evangeline Dimm, Oct. 
 28, 1896; s. Walter D.; res., Red Lion, Pa. 
 
 HEFFNER, WILLIAM CLINTON, b. Friedensburg, Pa., Feb. 14, 1865; 
 s. Lewis and Catharine (Roeder) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1896; Ph.D., Wooster U., 1901; Ph.D., U. of Pa., 1911; Pierce 
 Sch., 1916-17; Walton Sch. of Com., 1918-19; Bennett Acc. Inst., 1919- 
 23; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, Fayetteville, Pa., 
 1896-1902; Parkside, 1902-04; Phila. Miss. Work, 1902-23; instr., Pierce 
 Sch., 1904-07, 1915-23; asst. U. of Pa., 1908-10; prof., Drake U., 1910- 
 11; prof., Midland Col., 1911-12; prof., W. and J. Col., 1913; prof., 
 Toledo Min. U., 1913-14; prof., Al. Col., 1914-15; prof., Thiel Coi., 
 1923- ; author, Hist. Poor Relief Legislation in Pa., 1682-1913; a 
 founder and member Am. Socio. Soc.; member Am. Acad. Pol. and 
 Soc. Sc., 1909- ; sometime member Acad. Pol. Sc., N. Y.; m. Ella Kate 
 Seltzer, June 2, 1897; she d. Feb. 5, 1902; res., Greenville, Pa. 
 
 HILTON, FLAVIUS J., b. Altamont, N. Y., Feb. 3, 1855; s. Henry H.; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1896; 
 ord. same, 1897; pastor, Martins Creek, Pa., 1896-02; unmarried; d. 
 May 4, 1918. 
 
 HUDDLE, JOHN THOMAS, b. Rural Retreat, Va., Feb. 13, 1870; s. Wm. 
 L. and Caroline V. (Copenhaver) H.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1891; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1896; D.D., Roanoke Col., Sus. U., Gbg. Col., 1914; lic. 
 Md. Syn., 1895; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1896; pastor, Trinity, Germantown, 
 Pa., 1896-1904; St. Paul’s, Washn., 1904- ; m. Elmira Virginia O'Neal, 
 June 29, 1904; res., Washn. 
 
 KELLY, AUSTIN A., b. Littlestown, Pa.; s. Jas. and Ellen (Harner) K.; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1895; 
 ord. same, 1896; pastor, Trindle Springs, Newville, Harrisburg, Waynes- 
 boro, Winchester, Va., Norwood; trustee, Elizabeth Col., Roanoke Col., 
 Std. Women’s Col.; present, Chaplain, Ist It, U. S. A.; m. Mary C. 
 Bushman, Sept. 9, 1896; s. Geo. B.; res., Norwood, Pa. 
 
 KLINE, MARION JUSTUS, b. Frederick, Md., Oct. 2, 1871; s. Wm. H. 
 and Mary Ann (Engelbrecht) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1896; D.D., N. C. Col., 1901; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1921; lic. Md. Syn., 
 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, Bethlehem, Harrisburg, Pa., 1896-1901; 
 First, Altoona, Pa., 1908- ; gen. sec., Bd. For. Miss. G. S., 1901-08; 
 
 514 
 
ALUMNI 1893 
 
 bd. Ch. Ext. G. S., 1899-1902; bd. Ed. G. S., 1909-18; bd. Ed. U. L. C.,, 
 1918- ; chair. Com. on Rec. for Min. U. L. C., 1918- ; Quad. Cent. 
 Com. Prot. Ref., 1913-18; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1913- ; pres. bd. same, 1918- 
 25; trustee, Gbg. Col., 1917-21; pres., Al. Syn., 1924- ; member numer- 
 ous other bds. and coms.; ed. For. Miss. Dept. Luth. Miss. Jour., 1901- 
 08; author, The Ministry of Sorrow, 1900: The Church and Higher 
 Ed., 1915: The Gen. of the G. S., 1918: God and Our Country, 1919: 
 Prin. of the Prot. Ref., 1920: Private Conf. and Abs., 1924; m. Belle 
 Faller Leeds, July 7, 1896; she d. Jan. 13, 1898; m. Annie Plitt Hummel, 
 Apr. 24, 1902; res., Altoona, Pa. 
 
 KNUBEL, FREDERICK HERMANN, b. New York, N. Y., May 22, 1870; 
 s. Fred. and Anna (Knubel) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; Gbg. Sem., 1893- 
 95; Leipsic U., 1895-96; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1912; LL.D., Thiel Col., 1919; 
 ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1896; pastor, Atonement, N. Y. Cty., 1896- 
 1923; Deaconess bd. G. S., abt. 10 yrs.; pres., Inner Miss. bd. G. S., sev. 
 yrs.; member numerous other bds. and coms.; hon. pres., Luth. Ch. of 
 Latvia; trustee, Gbg. Col.; trustee, Am. Tract Soc.; dir., Am. Inst. 
 Christianity; pres., U. L. C., 1918- ; assoc. ed., Luth. World sev. yrs.; 
 pres., Natl. Luth. Com. Sol. and Sailor’s Welfare; author numerous 
 articles and essays; m. Christine A. G. Ritscher, June 26, 1895; children, 
 Fred. R., Helen M.; she d. Dec. 16, 1923; res., N. Y. Cty. 
 
 LEITZELL, CHARLES WILSON, b. Churchville, Pa., Feb. 12, 1890; s. 
 Danl. and Anna A. (Love) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; Gbg. Sem., 
 1893-95; D.D., Hart. Sem., 1910; lic., 1895; pastor, Murphysboro, III. 
 1896-99; Newton, Ia., 1899-1901; St. Paul’s, Johnstown, N. Y., 1901-09; 
 First, Albany, N. Y., 1909-22; pres. N. Y. Syn., 1912-13, 1922-  ; pres. 
 bd. trustees, Hart. Sem., 1918- ; m. Mary C. Mumper, Mar. 2, 1895; 
 children, Madalyn L., Helen O., Walter E., Ralph N.; res., Albany, 
 Ne Y¥3 
 
 MYERS, LINDEN F. M., b. Fred. Co., Md., Feb. 18, 1866; s. Francis M. 
 and Margaret (Minor) M.; Gbg. Col., 1891-92; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, Frederick, Md., 1896-00; 
 Chester Springs, Pa., 1900-01; St. Andrew’s, Phila., 1901-08; Coates- 
 ville, Pa., 1900-01; St. Andrew’s, Phila., 1901-08; Coatesville, Pa., 1908- 
 11; Ambler, Pa., 1911-13; Darby, Pa., 1913-18; Glen Rock, Pa., 1918- ; 
 m. Blanche Marie Bohn, June 30, 1909; children, Lyndon B., Francis B., 
 Marian M., Margaret E.; res., Glen Rock, Pa. 
 
 NEUDEWITZ, EUGENE EDWARD, b. Berlin, Ger., Sept. 10, 1863; A.B., 
 Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn, 
 515 
 
1893 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1896; pastor, Holy Trinity, Jersey City, N. J., 1896-1916; St. Mark’s, 
 N. Y. Cty., 1921-24; d. May 17, 1924. 
 
 OBERHOLTZER, WALTER SCOTT, b. Mifflintown, Pa., May 22, 1866; 
 s. Jos. and Elizabeth (Kauffman) O.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1896; lic. N. Ind. Syn., 1896; ord. same, 1897; pastor, Harlan, 
 Ind., 1896-99; Albion, Ind., 1899-1901; Butler, Ind., 1901-05; Dakota 
 City, Neb., 1905-10; Albuquerque, N. M., 1910-13; Denver, Col., 1913- 
 14; Uniondale, Ind., 1914-16; Harlan, Ind., 1916-19; m. Lena Cox, Sept. 
 15, 1897; s. Walter D.; ret., res., Bristol, Ind. 
 
 PARSONS, ELMER ELLSWORTH, b. Lewistown, Pa., Aug. 28, 1864; s. 
 Geo. and Mary (Ready) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1896; lic. Al. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, St. Clairsville, Pa., 
 1896-1902; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1902-08; Camden, N. J., 1908-13; Glen- 
 side, Pa., 1913-19; Oreland, Pa., 1919- ; m. Rosa Nell Whitaker, 1898; 
 dau., Virginia W.; res., Glenside, Pa. 
 
 ROSENBERG, LUDWIG, b. Vienna, Austria, Sept. 27, 1870; grad. Brek- 
 lum Sem.; Gbg. Sem., 1893-94; ord. Pa. M., 1894; pastor, Cogan Sta., 
 Pa., 1894-95; Zion, Jersey Shore, Pa., 1895-1900; d. June 30, 1900. 
 
 RUDISILL, ANDREW JACKSON, b. Gbg., Dec. 25, 1867; s. Emanuel and 
 Leah (Spangler) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1924; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 1896; pastor, 
 New Bloomfield, Pa., 1896-99; Mt. Carmel, Pa. 1899-1906; Trinity, 
 Berlin, Pa., 1906-11; St. Mark’s, Johnstown, N. Y., 1911-17; Bethany, 
 Altoona, Pa., 1917- ; m. Dora Briner, May 1, 1900; she d. Feb. 29, 
 1904; m. Maud E. Vaughn, Apr. 2, 1906; res., Altoona, Pa. 
 
 STOCK, HARRY BIXLER, b. Carlisle, Pa., Sept. 3, 1871; s. Jacob and 
 Mary (Zeigler) S.; A.B., Dickinson Col., 1891; Lchg., Carlisle, Pa., 
 1891-93; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 
 1896; pastor, St. Paul’s, Carlisle, Pa, 1896- ; D.D., Dickinson Col., 
 1908; dir. Gbg. Sem.; sec. bd. same, 1923- ; member bd. Home Miss. 
 and Ch. Ext., U. L. C., 1918-25; res., Carlisle, Pa. 
 
 SUTHERLAND, EDGAR, b. Bergen Co., N. Y., Oct. 14, 1867; s. Geo. W. 
 and Mary J. (Frederick) S.; grad. Hart. Sem., 1889; A.B., Gbg. Col., 
 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1896; ord. Sus. Syn., 1896; pastor, St. John’s, 
 Cumberland, Md., 1896-1902; Breakabeen, N. Y., 1904-06; E. Schodach, 
 N. Y., 1906-11; Woodstock, N. Y., 1911-14; Round Top, N. Y. (ME), 
 
 516 
 
ALUMNI 1894 
 
 1915-17; Black Lake, N. Y. (Luth.), 1917-23; W. Fulton, N. Y. (ME), 
 1923-24; farming, 1902-04; m. Margaret S. Kirkpatrick, Feb. 28, 1899; 
 res., West Fulton, N. Y. 
 
 WASHINGTON, J. B., colored; pastor at Gbg.; spec. stud., 1893-94; no 
 details known. 
 
 WILES, CHARLES PETER, b. Lewistown, Md., Jan. 27, 1870; s. Americus 
 and Sarah (Hummer) W.; Millersville Nor. Sch., 1889-92; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1896; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1907; D.D., Carthage Col., 1913; lic. Md. 
 Syn., 1895; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1896; pastor, Rossville, Pa. 1896-1901; 
 Mt. Zion, Pgh., 1901-08; Keller, Mem., Washn., 1908-13; asst. prof., 
 Mt. Airy Sem., 1919-24; lecturer, Gbg. Sem., 1924-25; ed. Luth, Pub. 
 Soc., 1913-18; ed. S. S. Lit., U. L. C., 1918- ; author, The Challenge 
 of the S. S., 1916; Upon This Rock, 1918; m. Alice Miller, June 10, 
 1896; res., Phila. 
 
 WILLIAMS, RENE HARRIS, b. Shamokin, Pa., Jan. 13, 1870; s. J. R. and 
 Anna (Alter) W.; Gbg. Col., 1892-93; Gbg. Sem., 1893-94; A.M., Gbg. 
 Col., 1907; lic. Kans. Syn., 1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, Peabody, 
 Kans.; 1894-97; Iowa Cty., Ia., 1897-1900; Okla. Cty., Okla., 1900-02; 
 Denver, Col., 1902-04; Harrisburg, Pa., 1904-11; Hughesville, Pa., 1911- 
 16; Uniontown, Pa., 1916-19; Greensburg, Pa., 1919-21; left min., 1921; 
 gen. ins., Hazleton, Pa., 1921- ; m. Florence Artman, 1890; dau., Anne 
 V.; res., Hazleton, Pa. 
 
 1894 
 
 BREDENBEK, ARTHUR, f. Hoboken, N. J., b. cl1869; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1897; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1896; ord. same, 1897; pastor, Thurmont, Md., 
 1897-98; San Jose, Cal., 1901-03; St. Paul’s, Glenside, Pa., 1903-c07; 
 left min. 1911; journalist with Phila. Record, Press and Ledger; present 
 res., unknown. 
 
 CROMER, GEORGE CLINTON, b. Irving, Ill., Feb. 12, 1869; s. J. B. and 
 Mary C. (Hedrick) C.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1897; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1896; ord. 1897; pastor, Emporia, Kans., Litch- 
 field, Ill., Freeport, Ill., Louisville, Ky.; left Luth. Min., 1906; founded 
 Allprayer Foundlings’ Home, Louisville, Ky., 1905 and Supt. same, 
 1905- ; m. Grace Kelly, 1898; adopted children, Wm., Louise, Doris; 
 res., Louisville, Ky. 
 
 HAFER, LUTHER BOWERS, b. Franklin Co., Pa.; s. David and Sarah 
 Ann (Bowers) H.; grad. Cumberland Valley State Nor. Sch., 1893; 
 prin. schs., Ft. Loudon, Pa., 1893-94; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1897; grad. 
 
 517 
 
1894 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Blackstone Inst.; stud. law with W. L. Seabrook; admitted to Md. Bar, 
 1919; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1896; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1897; pastor, Ft. Wash., 
 Pa., 1897-99; Friesburg, N. J., 1899-1902; Bethel, Phila. 1902-11; 
 Taneytown, Md., 1911-23; m. Susan Jane Etter, June 8, 1897. 
 
 HARMS, JOHN HENRY, b. Savannah, Ga., Jan. 27, 1876; s. C. H. and 
 Elizabeth (Brooker) H.; A.B., Newberry Col., 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1897; A.M., Newberry Col., 1902; D.D., Erskine Col., 1912; ord. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1897; pastor, Trinity, Chambersburg, Pa., 1897-1900; Bethle- 
 hem, Harrisburg, Pa., 1900-08; Holy Communion, Phila., 1918- ; pres. 
 Newberry Col., 1908-18; ed. staff Augsburg lessons, 1909- ; m. Sarah 
 Bowers Wheeler, Apr. 27, 1898; children, Kathryn, Elizabeth W.; res., 
 Phila. ! 
 
 HAZELTINE, RUTLEDGE WOOD, b. Ellicott City, Md. Jan. 22, 1873; 
 s. Silas W. and Elizabeth (Rutledge) H.; grad. Balto. City Col.; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1897; lic. and ord. Md. Syn.; pastor, Quincy and Roazer- 
 ville, Pa.; united with Presby. Ch. 1907; pastor, Barton, Md., and 
 Adirondack Chge.; unmarried; res., Balto. 
 
 HEUSER, WILLIAM LOUIS, b. Wytheville, Va., Apr. 23, 1870; s. Louis 
 C. and Lilla E. (Deichmann) H.; Gbg. Sem., 1894-95; lic. Md. Syn., 
 1894; ord. same, 1895; pastor, Manor, Md., 1897-1904; E. McKeesport, 
 Pa., 1904-05; Athens, N. Y., 1905-08; Raymerton, N. Y., 1908-12; 
 Clarksburg, W. Va., 1912-18; Newark, O., 1918-19; Upper Sandusky, 
 O., 1919-21; Newcomerstown, O., 1921- ; m. Anna Luella McCann, 
 Sept. 9, 1897; children, Louis G., Agnes D.; res., Newcomerstown, O. 
 
 IBACH, WILLIAM OSCAR, b. Phila., May 23, 1872; s. Augustus G. and 
 Esther (Kase) I.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1897; U. 
 of Pa., 1898; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1896; ord. same, 1897; pastor, Lemoyne, 
 Pa., 1898-1900; Chicora, Pa., 1900-03; Glasgow, Pa., 1903-08; W. Sun- 
 bury, Pa., 1908-13; St. Jas., Pgh., 1913-16; Union Bridge, Md., 1916-23; 
 Salona, Pa., 1923- ; m. Lillian Blanche McCollough, Dec. 29, 1903; 
 children, Esther C., Clarence A.; res., Salona, Pa. 
 
 KEMP, MATTHEW STANLEY, b. Tamaqua, Pa., 1876; s. Matthew and 
 Elizabeth (Andra-Artha) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1897; Litt.D., Potomac U., 1910; U. of Pgh., 1911-12; ord. Sus. Syn., 
 1897; pastor, Smicksburg, Pa., 1897-1902; Avonmore, Pa., 1902-05; 
 Turtle Creek, Pa., 1905-12; Watsontown, Pa., 1912- ; rep. Pgh. Cor- 
 nishmen’s Assn. at coronation of Geo. V; popular lecturer, 1908- ; m. 
 Margaret M. Couch, June 21, 1911; author, Hist. Smicksburg Chge., 1899: 
 
 518 
 
ALUMNI 1894 
 
 Boss Tom, 1904: Andre Trembath, 1905: Hist. Delaware Run Luth. Ch., 
 1915: Sketches of Travel, 1912; res., Hollidaysburg, Pa. 
 
 KILLIAN, JACOB MELVIN, b. near Waynesboro, Va., Feb. 13, 1872; s. 
 Cyrus Melancthon and Sarah Frances (Pence) K.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 
 1893; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1897; A.M., Roanoke Col., 1897; ordained W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1897; pastor, Smithsburg, Md., 1897-1901, Blacksburg, Va., 
 1904-09; retired, 1909; m. Ida Elvira Weaver, June, 1991; children, 
 Evangeline, Melvin Mauzy; res., Lockland, O. 
 
 KOLLER, PAUL WARREN, b. Glenrock, Pa., July 1, 1872; s. Jesse and 
 Alice (Heathcote) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1897; 
 D.D., Wit. Col., 1918; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; pastor, Messiah, Cleve- 
 land, O., 1897-1900; St. Jnos., Hudson, N. Y., 1900-12; St. Luke’s, 
 Mansfield, O., 1912-20; pres., O. Syn. 1920- ; m. Mary Eliza Bol- 
 linger, Apr. 24, 1901; dau., Katherine; res., Mansfield, O. 
 
 MOTTERN, RICHARD WARREN, b. Danville, Pa. Jan. 31, 1869; s. 
 Saml. and Mary (Rudy) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1897; ord. Sus. Syn., 1897; pastor, Mt. Holly Springs, Pa., 1897-01; 
 Salona, Pa., 1901-03; Punxsutawney, Pa., 1903-04; Williamstown, Pa., 
 1904-09; Riverside, Cal., 1909-15; Glendale, Cal. 1915-20; with Near 
 E. Relief, 1920-22; with Glendale Daily Press, 1922-23; collecting 
 service, 1923- ; m. Jennie Rebecca Dougherty, Sept. 21, 1897; children, 
 Elizabeth R., J. Dorsey, res., Glendale, Cal. 
 
 NICHOLAS, J. CRAYTON, b. York, Pa. July 14, 1870; s. Jacob and 
 Amelia (Weitkamp) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1897; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1924; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1896; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1897; 
 pastor, Chicora, Pa., 1897-99; Avonmore, Pa., 1899-1901; Butler, Pa., 
 1901-14; First, Chambersburg, Pa., 1914-18; Camp pastor in Va. 1918- 
 19; Grace, Pgh., Pa., 1919- ; author, Pure Religion, 1922; m. Cora 
 Best, Mar. 8, 1897; children, Gertrude, Grace; res., Pgh., Pa. 
 
 SANFT, WILHELM OTTO GEORGE, b. Germany, Mar. 4, 1866; s. Fred. 
 and Wilhelmina (Abraham) S.; U. of Berlin and Greifswald; spec. 
 stud. Gbg. Sem.; A.M., N. Y. U., 1901; ord. Pa. M., 1894; pastor, 
 Zion, Jersey City, N. J., 1896- ; m. Frieda Clara Burkhard, Dec. 2, 
 1896; res., Jersey City. 
 
 SEEBACH, JULIUS FREDERICK, b. Phila., Mar. 10, 1874; s. Julius and 
 Sarah S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1897; lic. Md. Syn., 
 1896; ord. same, 1897; pastor, St. John’s, Maytown, Pa., 1897-1900; 
 
 519 
 
1895 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Mahanoy City, Pa., 1900-07; Lewisburg, Pa., 1907-12; Hollidaysburg, 
 Pa., 1913-19; New Phila., O., 1919-24; Luther Mem., Phila. 1924- ; 
 m, Margaret R. Himes, Nov. 15, 1897; children, Julius F., Jno. A.; 
 res., Phila. 
 
 1895 
 
 APPLE, ULYSSES EDMUND, b. Radner, Pa., Sept. 30, 1870; s. Geo. E. 
 and Anstina (Keely) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad..Gbg. Sem., 1898; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn. 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, Grace, Trenton, N. J., 
 1898-1901; Red Lion, Pa., 1901-18; Trindle Springs, Pa., 1918-20; Ann- 
 ville, Pa., 1920- ; m. Rachael Elizabeth Delp, June 12, 1901; children, 
 Frances E., Edna M., Charlotte G.; res., Annville, Pa. 
 
 BARBEHENN, NATHANIEL C., b. Gbg., Feb. 16, 1873; s. Henry P. and 
 Mary A. (Bortner) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; 
 employed by U. S. Govt.; m. Sallie Donnelly, June 15, 1911; dau., Mary 
 V.; res., 917 Corinthian Ave., Phila. 
 
 BELL, CHARLES KRAUTH, b. Smithsburg, Md., Dec. 11, 1870; s. Lewis 
 J. and Charlotte (Marbourg) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1898; D.D., Lenoir Col., 1915; lic. Md. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 
 1898; pastor, Salem, Va., 1898-1905; Kings Mt., N. C., 1905-19; prof. 
 So. Sem., 1919- ; member bd. Home Miss. and Ch. Ext. U. S. So., 
 1912-18; same, U. L. C., 1918- ; member Const. Com., U. L. C.; m. 
 Alice Virginia Fox, Jan. 31, 1900; res., Columbia, S. C. 
 
 BENDER, HARVEY WALTER, b. Bendersville, Pa., Nov. 7, 1863; s. 
 Cornelius and Annie (Jacobs) B.; Grad. C. Pa. Col. (Albright), 1894; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, 
 Dickinson, Pa., 1898-1901; New Chester, Pa., 1901-06; Philipsburg, Pa., 
 1906-07; Schellsburg, Pa., 1907-14; Lilly, Pa., 1914-23; St. John’s, 
 Juniata, Pa., 1923- ; m. Lulu Musser Schoch, July 21, 1898; adopted 
 child, Lois J.; res., Juniata, Pa. 
 
 BROSIUS, CHARLES HENRY, b. Ashland, Pa., Sept. 19, 1871; s. Peter 
 K. and Catharine (Christ) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1898; lic. E. Pa. Sym, 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, Grace, Sunbury, 
 Pa., 1898-1907; miss. to Africa, 1907-23; pastor, Redeemer, Williams- 
 port, Pa., 1923- ; m. Louella Virginia Hesse, Aug. 19, 1912; she d. 
 Sept. 6, 1913; m. Serena Krapp, Nov. 24, 1919; res., Williamsport, Pa. 
 
 BURGER, SYLVESTER CLARK, b. Jan. 24, 1870; s. Gideon and Lavinia 
 (Menges) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; ord. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1898; pastor, Redeemer, Jersey City, N. J., 1898; ‘miss. to 
 
 520 
 
ALUMNI 1895 
 
 India, 1898- ; m. Magdalen Lanius Keith, 1901; s. Keith; she d. Oct. 
 5, 1918; res., India. 
 
 BYERS, JOHN EDWARD, b. Williamsport, Md., May 31, 1871; s. John 
 D. and Eliza J. (Leiter) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1898; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1921; lic. Md. Syn., 1897; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 
 1898; pastor, Penbrook, Pa., 1898-1903; Bloomsburg, Pa., 1903-16; 
 Grace, Balto., 1916- ; dir. Gbg. Sem., some yrs.; bd. For. Miss. G. S.; 
 bd. For. Miss., U. L. C.; ex-com., U. L. C.; m. Virtue Elizabeth 
 Hoover, Sept. 14, 1899; children, Helen E., Danl. H.; res., Balto. 
 
 CLARE, HENRY EMANUEL, b. Blain, Pa., June 9, 1873; s. Richard H. 
 and Lydia C. (Ziegler) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1898; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, Calvary, Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y., 1898-1904; All Saints, Phila., 1904-09; Calvary, Wilkins- 
 burg, Pa., 1909-18; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Sarah A. Roth, Oct. 11, Pe 
 children, Richard R., Edith; d. Bic. 26, 1918. 
 
 COX, CLARENCE BROWN, b. Knox Co., Tenn., Apr. 18, 1873; s. Geo. 
 H. and Nannie E. (McPherson) C.; A.B., N. C. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1898; D.D., Wit. Col., 1924; ord. N. C. Syn., 1898; pastor, Ashe- 
 ville, N. C., 1898-1900; Ref., Greeneville, Tenn., 1900-03; Macedonia, 
 Burlington, N. C., 1903-11; First, Norfolk, Va., 1911-13; pres. Va. Syn., 
 1922- ; pres. Marion Jr. Col., 1916- ; prin. Midway, Tenn. H. S., 
 1901-03; banker, 1913-16; m. Cordelia E. Spangler, 1899; children, 
 Catherine, Cordelia; she d. 1911; m. Blanche Mearig Kuhlman, 1912; 
 children, Elizabeth, Martha, C. Brown, Jr., Mary Alfred B.; res., 
 Marion, Va. 
 
 ENGLISH, JOHN SUPER, b. St. Clair. Pa, July 14, 1871; s. G. L. and 
 Lydia A. (Super) E.; Thiel Col., 1887-88; Sus. U., 1890-92; A.B., Gbg. 
 Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; ord. Sus. Syn., 1898; pastor, Saxton, 
 Pa., 1898-1904; Watsontown, Pa., 1904-05; Stoyestown, Pa., 1905-19; 
 Williamsport, Md., 1919-22; Pine Grove Mills, Pa., 1922- ; dir. Gbg. 
 Sem., 10 yrs.; m. Myra B. Breneman, June 8, 1904; children, Dorothy 
 B., John B., Maxine M.; res., Pine Grove Mills, Pa. 
 
 FELDMAN, WILLIAM HENRY, b. New York, July 19, 1871; s. John D. 
 and Grace (Hoeyns) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; 
 Leipsic U., 1897; Erlangen U., 1898; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1898; 
 pastor, Our Savior, N. Y. City, 1898-1914; Union, York, Pa., 1914- ; 
 m. Margaret Menken, Aug. 31, 1899; children, Wm. J., Ed. H., Robt. 
 L., Theodore F.; res., York, Pa. 
 
 521 
 
1895 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 HARTMAN, WILMER ALVAH, b. Arendtsville, Pa. Nov. 3, 1868; s. 
 Solomon and Sarah (Bushey) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1898; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1898; pastor, 
 Avonmore, Pa., 1898-99; Trinity, Wheeling, W. Va., 1899-1909; Grace, 
 Pgh., Pa., 1909-14; Zion, Middletown, Md., 1914-18; m. Lulu M. Sny- 
 der, June 9, 1898; children, Mary, Sarah; d. Jan. 26, 1918. 
 
 HEINDEL, JOHN ELMER, b. Wrightsville, Pa. July 16, 1872; s. John H. 
 and Mary A. (Fox) H.; B.S., Albright Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
 1898; D.D., Wit. Col., 1919; lic. Al. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pas- 
 tor, Redeemer, Jersey City, N. J., 1898- ; m. Alma Dorothy Klinker, 
 Nov. 5, 1903; s. John K.; res., Jersey City. 
 
 JONES, CHARLES STORK HENNING, b. Balto.; s. Jas. H. and Virginia 
 A. (Henning) J.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; lic. 
 Md. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, Sparrows’ Pt., Md., 1897-1900; 
 Arcadia, Md., 1900-02; Steelton, Pa., 1902-04; Lionville, Pa., 1904-08; 
 Lykens, Pa., 1908-23; Darby, Pa., 1923- ; author, Hist. St. Paul’s, Ar- 
 cadia, Md., 1901: Hist. Zion, Lykens, Pa., 1910; m. Laura Virginia 
 Armstrong, June 20, 1898; children, Edith M., Laura E.; res., Darby, 
 Pa. 
 
 KUMP, WILLIAM ANDREY, b. Littlestown, Pa., Aug. 1, 1870; s. Chas. 
 T. and Julia (Barker) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1898; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, Christ, Bridgeton, 
 N. J., 1898-1905; Parkside, Phila., 1905-06; Grace, Mt. Carmel, Pa., 
 1906-13; Trinity, Chambersburg, Pa., 1913- ; m. Pauline W. Hohen- 
 statt, June 14, 1906; children, Pauline J.. Mary S.; res., Chambersburg, 
 Pa, 
 
 LANTZ, BENJAMIN REIGLE, b. Hagerstown, Md., Mar. 8, 1874; s. 
 John N. and Mary (Hoffman) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1894; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1898; D.D., Midland Col.; lic. Md. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; 
 pastor, Millersburg, Pa., 1898-1904; First, St. Joseph, Mo., 1904-11; St. 
 John’s, Salina, Kans., 1911- ; pres. bd. trustees, Midland Col., 1924- ; 
 m. Julia Hutt, Oct. 9, 1901; children, Josephine L., John N., Rachel H., 
 Benj. R.; res., Salina, Kans. 
 
 LECRONE, DANIEL W., b. York, Pa., Nov. 8, 1859; s. Barnhart and 
 Nancy L.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 
 1898; pastor, Tannersville, Pa., 1898-01; Fryburg, Pa., 1901-08; Har- 
 mony Grove, Pa., 1908-12; Davidsville, Pa. 1912-18; Glasgow, Pa., 
 1918-22; m. Laura M. Krout, 1893; 6 children; d. Apr. 25, 1922. 
 
 522 
 
ALUMNI 1895 
 
 LEIDICH, OTIS ORVILLE, b. Northampton Co., Pa., Mar. 8, .1870; s. 
 Peter and Elizabeth (Raub) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1898; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, Palmyra, Pa., 1898- 
 1900; Manheim, Pa., 1900-05; Coatesville, Pa., 1914-16; Lebanon, Pa., 
 1916-20; Stony Creek Mills, Pa., 1920- ; farming, 1906-12; m. Fannie 
 Bear Minnich, Mar. 5, 1903; children, John M., Mary E., Anna R., David 
 R.; res., Stony Creek Mills, Pa. 
 
 LONGANECKER, ABRAM RIFE, b. Nov. 26, 1867; s. John S. and Mary 
 Elizabeth L.; stu. Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; lic. Md. Syn, 
 1896; pastor, Shenandoah, Va., 1897-99, Dillsburg, Pa., 1899-1903, Swiss- 
 vale, Pa., 1903-05, Dubois, Pa., 1905-12, Loysville, Pa., 1912-20, Trindle 
 Spring, Pa., 1920- ; m. Agnes Harriet Snyder, July 6, 1897; children, 
 Mabel G., Reider, Elizabeth, Edwin; res., Mechanicsburg, Pa. 
 
 MILLER, LUTHER FIREY, b. Clearspring, Md., Oct. 16, 1872; s. Victor 
 and Mary (Spickler) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; 
 Johns Hopkins U., 1907-09; lic. Md. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, 
 Westernport, Md., 1898-1904; Bethany, Balto., 1906-23; Manassas, Va., 
 1925- ; unmarried. 
 
 NEWCOMER, HARRY DAVID, b. York, Pa., July 18, 1870; s. Jos. and 
 Amanda (Heilman) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, St. Matt., Allentown, 
 Pa., 1898-1904; Silver Run, Md., 1904-05; Grace, Balto., 1905-16; St. 
 Mark’s, Van Wert, O., 1916-19; St. John’s, Kittanning, Pa., 1922- ; 
 supt. Balto. Inner Miss. Soc., 1919-22; trustee Tressler Orphanage, 8 
 yrs.; Deaconess Bd., 8 yrs.; m. Mary Amanda Bowman, Oct. 6, 1898; 
 dau., Ruth B.; res., Kittanning, Pa. 
 
 REDCAY, WILLIAM IRVIN, b. McEwensville, Pa., Jan. 26, 1869; s. 
 Henry and Emma (Frey) R.; Gbg. Col., 1890-91; Sus. U., 1891-92; 
 A.M., Gbg. Col., 1907; D.D., same, 1921; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1897; pastor, 
 Oberlin, Pa., 1897-1901; Mt. Holly Springs, Pa., 1901-08; Hanover, 
 Pa., 1908-24; Clay, N. Y., 1924- ; m. Lulu May Snoddy, June 6, 1896; 
 children, Wm. H., Paul I., Mark S., Luther H.; res., Clay, N. Y. 
 
 RICHARD, MARION GILBERT, b. Fred. Co., Va., Jan. 28, 1870; s. Asa 
 and Mary (Bean) R.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1897; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1898; pastor, Ambler, Pa., 1898- 
 1904; Columbia Co., Fla., 1907-08; Chester Springs, Pa., 1908-16; E. 
 Lansdowne, Pa., 1916-21; Collingdale, Pa., 1921- ; m. Anna Rodeffer, 
 July 17, 1900; children, Mary V., Anna E.; Melba L., Jas. D., Ruth R. 
 
 523 
 
1896 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 UHLER, GEORGE ILGEN, b. Middaughs, Pa., June 7, 1871; s. John and 
 Catharine (Schoch) U.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1898; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1897; ord. same, 1898; pastor, Oakland, Md., 1898-1902; 
 Sparrows Pt., Md., 1902-12; Wilmington, Del., 1912-16; Jefferson, Md., 
 1916-21; Lionville, 1921-25; Portage, Pa., 1925- ; m. Norine Elizabeth 
 Thompson, Nov. 2, 1898; children, Romayne T., Ilgen S.; res., Portage, 
 Pa 
 
 WARING, LUTHER HESS, b. Tyrone, Pa., June 13, 1865; s. Robt. and 
 Lucy (Wieland) W.; Gbg. Col., 1891-92 Harvard U., 1892-93; Berlin 
 U., 1893-94; Gbg. Sem., 1895-96; A.M., Columbian U., 1904; A.B., Geo. 
 Washn. U., 1905; Ph.D., same, 1909; lic. Al. Syn., 1895; ord. same, 
 1896; pastor, Lovettsville, Va., 1896-99; Grace, Scranton, Pa., 1899- 
 1902; Georgetown, Washn., 1906-16; actg., Zion, Washn., 1903-04; sup- 
 ply, Ref., Washn., 1905-06; spec. agt., Bu. Corp., U. S. Govt., 1913-15; 
 personnel officer, Fed. Trade Com., 1915- ; author, Hist. Ev. Luth. Ch. 
 of Georgetown, 1909: Political Theories of Luther, 1910; m. Frances 
 Fleck, June 9, 1897; children, Martha L., Anna F., Luther P.; res., 
 Washn. 
 
 WIEST, CHARLES FISHER, b. York, Pa. Feb. 12, 1873; s. William 
 Henry and Mary Adaline (Fisher) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1898; D.D., Midland Col., 1920; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1897; 
 ord. same, 1898; Pastor, Milroy, Pa., 1898-1902, Hays, Kans., 1902-20; 
 Pres., Kans. Syn., 1915-16; Prof. Depts. of Phil. and Biblical Lit., and 
 of English Lit., State Teac. Col., Hays, Kans., 1920-25; m. Eda Lucie 
 Voss, June 26, 1906; chil., Mildred Elizabeth, Carl Fisher; res., Hays, 
 Kans, 
 
 WITMAN, HORACE MONTGOMERY, b. Wrightsville, Pa., Sept. 29, 
 1872; s. William and Catherine (Deck) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; 
 Gbg. Sem., 1895-96; B.D., Yale, 1898; business; m. Clara Wallower, Apr. 
 16, 1903; children, Harriet, William, Barbara; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 1896 
 
 BAUM, FREDERICK JOHN, b. Phila., Pa., May 6, 1876; s. Rev. William 
 Miller and Maria Louisa (Croll) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1896, M.A., 1899; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1899; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1898; ordained same, 1899; 
 pastor, Trinity, Ft. Wash. Pa., 1899-1901, Trinity, Hagerstown, Md., 
 1901, Trinity, Coatesville, Pa., 1901-07, St. Thomas, N. Y. C., and mis- 
 sion work, 1907-16, Zion, Cobleskill, N. Y., 1916-22, First, Albany, N. Y., 
 1922-23, St. John’s, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 1923- ; various bds., coms. 
 and comms., synodical, general and civic; m. Roberta E. Ames, Apr. 22, 
 1903; she d. Apr. 15, 1916; dau., Elizabeth Maria; m. Frances Ellen 
 Rew, Feb. 14, 1922; dau., Mary Jane; res., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
 
 524 
 
ALUMNI 1896 
 
 BRUBAKER, WILLIAM GEORGE, b. Walnut, Pa., Jan. 24, 1870; s. Isaac 
 and Mary A. (McMullen) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1896; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1899; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1898; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1899; pastor, Phoenix- 
 ville, Pa., 1899-11; Holy Trinity, Camden, N. J., 1911-16; m. Pearl 
 Raby, Aug. 23, 1911; her present res., Phoenixville, Pa.; dau., Rose 
 Marie; d. Nov. 8, 1916. 
 
 CROSS, WILLIAM MORGAN, b. Emmittsburg, Md., Sept. 15, 1871; s. 
 Thos. J. C.; A.B.. W. Md. Col., 1890; A.M., same, 1892; tchg., Han- 
 cock, Md., 1890-92; with Balto. Conf. M. E. Ch., 1892-94; Gbg. Sem., 
 1896-97 ; lic. Md. Syn., 1896; ord. Sus. Syn., 1897; pastor, Stone Church, 
 Pa., 1897-99; St. Mark’s, Trenton, N. J., 1899-02; Pikeland, Pa., 1902-04; 
 Berwick, Pa., 1904-05; Greencastle, Pa., 1905-18; prin., Greencastle 
 H. S., 1919- ; m. Mary Ella Ruckle, Dec., 1894; 2 children; res., 
 Greencastle, Pa. 
 
 DIEHL, JOHN H., b. Bedminsterville, Pa., July 7, 1871; s. David and 
 Sarah (Stever) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1899; lic. 
 E. Pa. Syn., 1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, Brunswick, Md., 1899-1901; 
 Hyde Park, Pa., 1901-02; St. Clairsville, 1902-09; Rockport, Ind., 1909- 
 23; prof., Rockport, Ind., H. S., 1912-20; supt., city schs. same, 1919-23; 
 m. Emma Celiste Rufe, Mar. 27, 1901; children, Wm. H., David P.; 
 res., Lebanon, Pa. 
 
 FULPER, ELMER WALTON, Hampton, N. J., June 3, 1873; s. Lemuel 
 and Sarah (Carling) F.; Rider’s Bus. Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem. 1899; 
 lic. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, Our Savior, 
 Jersey City, N. J., 1899-1906; Trinity, Ft. Washn., Pa., 1907-10; 
 Stewartsville, N. J., 1910-22; prof., Phillipsburg, N. J., H. S., 1917-22; 
 m. Frankie Ethel Bossard, June 18, 1903; dau. Frankie E.; d. Nov. 3, 
 1922. 
 
 GABY, WILLIAM JACOB, b. nr. Bowers, Pa., Mar. 7, 1873; s. Danl. A. 
 and Louise K. (Grimm) G.; A.B., Kutztown Nor. Sch., 1893; teaching, 
 Rockland and Albartes, Pa.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1899; lic. E, Pa. Syn., 
 1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, Bernville, Pa., 1899-1900; Trinity, Day- 
 ton, O., 1900-11; m.; d. July 9, 1911. 
 
 GREISS, GEORGE ALBERT, b. Alburtis, Pa., Oct. 22, 1874; s. Geo. G. 
 and Anna B. (Shirey) G.; A.B., Muhlenberg Col., 1896; B.D., Gbg. 
 Sem., 1899; D.D.; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, New 
 Bloomfield, Pa., 1899-1900; St. Paul’s, Allentown, Pa., 1900- ; dir. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1914-24; Bd. For. Miss., 1917-26; m. Daisy Irene Lonabaugh, 
 June 6, 1900; dau., Dorothy L.; res., Allentown, Pa. 
 
 525 
 
1896 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 HEMSLEY, CHAS. E., colored; pastor, A. M. E. Ch., Gbg.; spec. stud., 
 1896-97; no details known. 
 
 McCAULEY, VICTOR, b. Salem, Va., Nov. 3, 1874; s. Wm. and Margaret 
 J. (Shirey) M.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1896; Gbg. Sem., 1896-98; D.D., 
 Roanoke Col., 1919; ord. Md. Syn., 1898; miss. to India, 1898- ; pres., 
 Guntur Mission, 1919-20; sec., Andhra Christian Council, 1923- ; m. 
 Elizabeth Stanley, Dec. 20, 1902; res., India. 
 
 MEISENHELDER, ROBERT LEWIS, b. Dec. 10, 1871; s. Edmund and 
 Maria (Baughman) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1895; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1899; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, Trinity, Harrisburg, 
 Pa., 1920- ; trustee, Tressler Orphanage. 
 
 MEYER, FREDERICK WINFIELD, b. Balto.; s. Philip and Johanna 
 (Lesse) M.; Gbg. Sem., 1896-98; ord. Md. Syn., 1898; pastor, Chgo., 
 1898-1903; miss. supt., N. Ill. Syn., 1903-04; pastor, St. Matt., Wil- 
 liamsport, Pa., 1904-08; Emmanuel, Balto., 1908-14; Lovettsville, Va., 
 1920-22; Grace, Camden, N. J., 1922- ; supt., Balto., Inner Miss. Soc., 
 1914-18; camp pastor, 1918-20; m. Hattie May Frink, Feb. 3, 1899; res., 
 Camden, N. J. 
 
 MOSER, IRVIN OSCAR, b. Norritonville, Pa., Nov. 26, 1868; s. Henry 
 and Susanna (Smith) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1896; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1899; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, Port Royal, Pa., 
 1899-13; Trinity, Dayton, O., 1913-23; Grace, Dayton, O., 1923- ; m. 
 Margaret Jane Rice, June 1, 1900; children, Gladys C., Lida B.; res., 
 Dayton, O. 
 
 PARKER, THEODORE CALVIN, b. nr. Gold Hill, N. C., Nov. 18, 1866; 
 s. Emanuel and Margaret (Lentz); A.B., N. C. Col., 1896; B.D., Gbg. 
 Sem., 1899; ord. S. W. Va. Syn., 1899; pastor, Roanoke Co., Va., 1899- 
 1901; Floyd, Va., 1901-03; St. Jnos., Concord, N. C., 1903-05; Bear 
 Poplar, N. C., 1905-08; Barber, N. C., 1908-13; Troutman, N. C., 1913- 
 15; Pembroke, Va., 1915-21; Blocksburg, Va., 1921-23; Gilbert, S. C., 
 1924- ; m. Mary Etta Kegley, July 3, 1901; children, Lentz K., Law- 
 son D., Marguerite E., Stephen E.; res., Gilbert, S. C. 
 
 SCHAAR, CHARLES OTIS, b. Steelton, Pa., Sept. 16, 1875; s. Jacob and 
 Amanda (Schriner); B. S., Gbg. Col., 1896; spec. stud., Gbg. Sem., 
 1896-7; business; m. Eleanor R. Ramsey, Feb. 14, 1900; children, Syd- 
 ney, Virginia; res., Camp Hill. 
 
 526 
 
ALUMNI 1897 
 
 SHIMER, HERBERT DeWESSE, b. Martins Creek, Pa., May 19, 1875; s. 
 Jos. D. and Isabel (Carhart) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1896; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1899; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1898; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1899; pastor, New 
 Kingston, Pa., 1899-1905; Watsontown, Pa., 1905-12; Hudson, N. Y. 
 1912-17; Schenectady, N. Y., 1917- ; m. Carrie Ann Ogden, Sept. 14, 
 1899; children, Clara B., Frank H., Mary R., Sarah J., Wm. L., Mar- 
 garet E.; res., Schenectady, N. Y. 
 
 SPAYDE, WEBSTER CLINTON, b. Hummelstown, Pa., Mar. 10, 1872; s. 
 Wm. H. and Mary (Smith) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1896; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1899; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, Rouzerville, Pa., 
 1899-1905; Messiah, Homestead, Pa., 1905-06; Mt. Union, Pa., 1906-10; 
 First, Punxsutawney, Pa., 1910-15; Bethany, Lima, O., 1915- ; m. 
 Candise Sarah Wise, Oct. 19, 1899; s. Luther T.; res., Lima, O. 
 
 STREAMER, CHARLES R., b. Martinsburg, Pa., Apr. 27, 1871; s. C. L. 
 and Sarah (Robinson) S.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1896; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1899; lic. Md. Syn., 1898; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1899; pastor, Lionville, Pa., 
 1899-1904; Dayton, O., 1904-10; Martinsburg, Pa., 1910-15; Liberty, Pa., 
 1915-18; Boulder, Col., 1918- ; assoc. ed., Luth. Evan., 1894-1910; m. 
 Mary L. Phipps, Oct. 23, 1900; children, Phoebe L., Paul P., Chas. T.., 
 Mary E.; res., Boulder, Col. 
 
 STUP, GRAYSON ZACHARIAS, b. nr. Frederick, Md., Jan. 25, 1873; s. 
 Wm. D. and Eleanor (Brunner) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1896; B.D., Gbg. 
 Sem., 1899; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1913; lic. Md. Syn., 1898; ord. Al. Syn., 
 1899; pastor, Rays Hill, Pa. 1899-1902; St. Matt., Chester Co., Pa., 
 1902-08; Lafayette Hill, Pa. 1908-17; St. Mark’s, Trenton, N. J., 1917- 
 22; St. Matt., Harrisburg, Pa., 1922- ; m. Mary Almeda Motz, July 
 28, 1898; children, Mary E., Harry C.; res., Harrisburg. 
 
 YODER, JOHN OSCAR, b. Globe Mills, Pa.; s. Saml. H. and Barbara A. 
 (Walter) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1896; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1899; lic. E. Pa. 
 Syn., 1898; ord. same, 1899; pastor, First, Stewartsville, N. J.; Silver 
 Run, Md.; St. Paul’s, Akron, O.; author, Journeys of Jesus: Physical 
 Culture of Luther; m. A. May Yoder, 1906; res., Akron, O. 
 
 1897 
 
 ABEL, GEORGE FERDINAND, b. Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 5, 1872; s. Geo. 
 F. and Katherine (Bachmann) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; Gbg. Sem., 
 1897-99; instr., Gbg. Acad., 1898-99; B.D., Yale, 1900; Ph.D., Yale, 
 1903; entered min. of Cong. Ch.; assoc. Elmwood, Providence, R. I, 
 1903-04; prof. and chaplain, Mich. Military Acad., 1904-05; pastor, Kir- 
 
 527 
 
1897 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 win, Kans., 1905-08; Seymour, Conn., 1908- ; m. Clara May Haskell, 
 Dec. 20, 1904; res., Seymour, Conn. 
 
 ENGLAR, GEORGE WILLIAM, b. near Uniontown, Md., Mar. 9, 1875; s. 
 Basil and Julia A. (Angel) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1900; D.D., Central U., 1914; D.D., Thiel Col., 1920; Ph.D., Central U., 
 1911; ord. Md. Syn., 1900; pastor, Duncannon, Pa., 1900-02; Youngs- 
 town, O., 1902-06; Bethany, Pgh. Pa., 1906- ; trustee, Pb. Syn., 1919- 
 24; trustee, Thiel Col., 1919- ; m. Mary Luella Hickman, Nov. 6, 1907; 
 res., Pgh:,’ Pa. 
 
 FRIDAY, FREDERICK WHIPP, b. Harper’s Ferry, W. Va., Sept. 10, 
 1874; s. John M. and Sarah E. (Whipp) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; Gbg. 
 Sem., 1897-98; grad. Mt. Airy Sem., 1900; ord. Pa. Min., 1900; supply, 
 Trinity, Braddock, Pa., 1900-01; miss. in Pgh. for Pb. C. Syn., 1901-02; 
 miss. in Phila., 1902-04; pastor, Zion, Olney, Phila., 1904-19; St. Paul’s, 
 Millville, N. J., 1921- ; post chaplain Camp Dix, N. J., 1917-21; un- 
 married; res., Millville, N. J. 
 
 MANGES, LEWIS CLARENCE, b. Luthersburg, Pa., Feb. 1, 1875; s. Ed- 
 mund and Margaret W. (Whisker) M.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1897; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1900; D.D., Sus. U., 1911, and Gbg. Col., 1922; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1899; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1900; pastor, Hummelstown, Pa., 1900-05; 
 Memorial, Harrisburg, Pa. 1905- ; dir. Gbg. Sem. 1914-24; trustee, 
 Old Folks’ Home; Bd. For. Miss.; m. Margaret Elizabeth Long, June 22, 
 1904; children, Danl. E., Lewis C., Willis C., John P., Geo. F., Jas. H., 
 Richard E., Margaret E.; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 MILLER, SAMUEL JACOB, b. Smithsburg, Md., Oct. 26, 1872; s. Levi 
 and Sarah (Reynolds) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col, 1897; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1900; lic. Md. Syn., 1899; ord. same, 1900; pastor, Sparrows Pt., Md., 
 1900-02; Our Savior, Balto., 1902- ; unmarried; res., Balto. 
 
 OTT, JOHN WILLIAM, b. Frederick Co., Md., Oct. 20, 1870; s. John 
 T. and Emma F. (Miller) O.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1900; D.D., Sus. U., 1916; lic. Md Syn, 1899; ord. N. Ind. Syn., 1900.; 
 pastor, Trinity, Grand Rapids, Mich., 1900-07; Trinity, Hagerstown, Md., 
 1907- ; m. Leoma Odell Weaver, Sept. 19, 1906; s. Weaver L.; res., 
 Hagerstown, Md. 
 
 SHRIVER, PEARL JOHNSTON, b. Fairplay, Pa., Sept. 30, 1875; s. David 
 R. and Emma J. (Weikert) S.; Gbg. Col., 1897; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1900; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1900; ord. Md. Syn., 1901; pastor, Freedom, Md., 
 
 528 
 
ALUMNI 1898 
 
 1901-04; Lynchburg, O., 1904-05; Irving, Ill, 1905-07; Loogootee, IIl., 
 1907-09; Vandergrift, Pa., 1909-10; Callensburg, Pa., 1910-11; Hoovers- 
 ville, Pa., 1911-13; Friesburg, N. J., 1913-17; nursery stock salesman, 
 1917-24; m. Amanda E. Bennett, July 10, 1901; children, Paul D., Ruth 
 Wesco, e Pnila. Ps: 
 
 SMITH, HENRY ROUZER, b. Thurmont, Md., Mar. 14, 1874; s. Ezra M. 
 and Laura A. (Rouzer) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; d. Oct. 2, 1897. 
 
 STAHL, WILLIAM RUFUS, b. Hays’ Mill, Pa. Aug. 12, 1868; s. John and 
 Adaline (Hay) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1900; lic. Al. 
 Syn., 1889; ord. same, 1900; pastor, Liverpool, Pa., 1900-04; Shanksville, 
 Pa., 1904-05; m. Bertha Tholan, Aug. 14, 1901; 1 dau.; d. Oct. 11, 1905. 
 
 STOCKSLAGER, PHILIP THOMAS EMORY, b. Funkstown, Md., Dec. 
 19, 1871; s. David K. and Mary (Waltz) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1900; lic. Md. Syn., 1899; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1900; pas- 
 tor, Marysville, Pa., 1900-03; Hyde Park, Pa., 1903-04; Trinity, McKees- 
 port, Pa., 1904-08; Mt. Joy, Pa., 1908-20; Worthington, Pa.,. 1920-24; 
 Woodbury, Pa., 1924- ; m. Mary Grace Peters, Apr. 2, 1902; children, 
 S. Mildred, Geo. H., Ruth M., Glen. H.; she d. Apr. 14, 1922; res., 
 Woodbury, Pa. 
 
 WHEELER, WILLIAM EDWARD, b. Balto., Oct. 14, 1872; s. W. H. and 
 Annie E. (Disney) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1900; 
 D.D., Carthage Col., 1921; lic. Md. Syn., 1899; ord. same, 1900; pastor, 
 Woodsboro, Md., 1900-04; Taneytown, Md., 1904-10; Chgo., IIl., 1910- 
 17; St. Louis, Mo., 1917-22; Atchison, Kans., 1922- ; m. Lillie Wheeler, 
 Aug. 28, 1900; res., Atchison, Kans. 
 
 WHITE, CLIFTON GLEMM, b. Manheim, Pa., Sept. 25, 1874; s. Francis 
 R. and Adelaide S. (Busser) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1897; B.D., Gbg. 
 Sem., 1900; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1899; ord. same, 1900; pastor, Trinity, 
 Chambersburg, Pa., 1900-09; St. Paul’s, Millersburg, Pa., 1909-16; m. 
 Eleanor Kathryn Entwisle, June 15, 1904; no children; d. Jan. 1, 1916. 
 
 1898 
 
 BRIGHT, WILLIAM LUTHER, b. Sept. 11, 1871; s. Jno. and Mary 
 (Shearer) B.; B.S., Midland Col., 1898; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1901; ord. 
 Al. Syn., 1901; pastor, Pearl City, Ia., Fairfield, Ia., Newton, Ia., Orr- 
 ville, O.; m. Margaret May Engler, Aug. 15, 1901; dau., Margaret M.; 
 res., Orrville, O. 
 
 529 
 
1898 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 BRINER, IRA GEORGE, b. Shade Valley, Pa, Aug. 31, 1876; s. Danl. 
 and Sarah E. (Parson) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1898; Gbg. Sem., 1898- 
 1900; B.D., Wit. Sem., 1901; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1900; ord. same, 1901; 
 pastor, Bluffton, O., 1901-02; Cuyler St. Ch., Chicago, Ill, 1902-06; m. 
 Jesse C. Comp, June 19, 1901; left min., 1908. 
 
 ERHARD, JOHN ADDISON, f. New Millport, Pa.; A.B., Wit. Col. 
 1898; Gbg. Sem., 1898-99; now d. 
 
 HESS, CHARLES WILLIAM, b. Taneytown Dist., Md., Dec. 17, 1872; s. 
 Chas. and Elizabeth (Bushey) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. 
 Sem., 1901; lic. Md. Syn., 1900; ord. same, 1902; pastor, Brunswick, Md., 
 1902- ; m. Esta M. Wachter, Dec. 20, 1905; divorced Oct. 25, 1913; m. 
 Claudia Blanche Grubb, Nov. 11, 1914; res., Brunswick, Md. 
 
 KRAFFT, JOSEPH WHERLY, b. Lancaster, Pa., Oct. 22, 1874; s. John A. 
 K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1898; Gbg. Sem., 1898-99; hotel keeper, Glen Rock, 
 Pa.; later to Decatur, Ill.; d. 1910. 
 
 PITTENGER, SAMUEL JACOB, b. June 17, 1874; s. Lewis H. and 
 Amanda (Eyler) P.; Shippensburg State Nor. Sch.; Gbg. Sem., 1898- 
 1900; entered min. of M. E. Ch.; pastor, all in Pa., Harrisonville, 1901; 
 Shirleysburg, 1902; Green Village, 1903; Harrisonville, 1905-07; Burnt 
 Cabins, 1908-09; Pine Grove Mills, 1910-12; Concord, 1913-15; Ennis- 
 ville, 1916-18; Wolfsburg, 1919-22; Breezewood, 1923- ; m. Mary Anna 
 Wagaman, Apr. 12, 1900; children, Katherine, Melvin; res., Breezewood, 
 Pai 
 
 RICHARD, JAMES HENRY, b. Fred. Co., Va., Aug. 7, 1875; s. Asa and 
 Mary (Bean) R.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1901; 
 ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1901; pastor, Ardmore, Pa., 1901-02; McCool Jct., 
 Neb., 1911-12; Hardy, Neb., 1913-16; Grand Forks, N. D., 1916-19; 
 Ardmore, Pa., 1919-21; Rural Retreat, Va. 1921- ; m. Alice Kizer 
 Smith, 1902; res., Rural Retreat, Va. 
 
 THOLAN, SAMUEL F., b. nr. Phoenixville, Pa. Dec. 25, 1869; s. Jno. 
 and Hannah (Finch) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1901; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1900; ord. Md. Syn., 1901; pastor, Hampstead, Md., 
 1901-04; Upper Dublin, Pa., 1904-08; Ambler, Pa., 1908-10; Montgom- 
 ery, Pa., 1910-18; Biglerville, Pa., 1918-23; Garrett, Pa., 1923- ; m. 
 Elizabeth Augusta Briel, Mar. 26, 1902; s. Saml. P.; res., Garrett, Pa. 
 
 530 
 
ALUMNI 1898 
 
 TILP, CHARLES HENRY, b. Garret, Pa, May 24, 1873; s. Geo. and 
 Julia (Schlissler) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1901; 
 lic. Al. Syn., 1900; ord. same, 1901; pastor, Ft. Washn., Pa., 1901-06; 
 Murphysboro, IIl., 1906-10; St. Paul’s, Kittanning, Pa., 1910-17; Lake- 
 wood, Cleveland, O., 1917-20; Christ, Beaver Falls, Pa. 1920- ; trus- 
 tee, Thiel Col., 1923- ; m. Emily J. Shipley, Aug. 29, 1901; children, 
 Julia, Chas. H., Mary; res., Beaver Falls, Pa. 
 
 VAN ORMER, ABRAHAM BROWER BUNN, b. Schellsburg, Pa., Oct. 16, 
 1869; s. Wm. W. and Hannah (Bunn) V.; D.Ped., N. Y. U., A.B., Gbg. 
 Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1901; Columbia U.; Clark U.; U. of Pa.; 
 ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1901; pastor, Norwood, Pa., 1901-09; Shippensburg, 
 Pa., 1909-14; Second, Altoona, Pa., 1914-18; Marklesburg, Pa., 1919- ; 
 prof. Ursinus Col., 1907-09; prof., Irving Col., 1913-15; prof., Juniata 
 Col., 1917- ; tutor, Gbg. Acad., 1894-01; author: Studies in Rel. Nur- 
 ture, 1908; member Pa. State Ed. Assn., Natl. Ed. Assn., Rel. Ed. 
 Assn., Natl. Soc. for the Study of Ed., Am. Assn, for the Ad. of Sci- 
 ence; m. Henriette Baldwin Morehouse; s. Ed. B.; res., Huntingdon, Pa. 
 
 WAGNER, FREDERICK RUNYON, b. New Market, N. J.; s. Geo. and 
 Agnes (Runyon) W.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1901; 
 D.D., Sus. U., 1917; lic. Md. Syn., 1900; ord. same, 1901; pastor, Frost- 
 burg, Md., 1901-10; St. Jas., Huntingdon, Pa., 1910-20; St. Jnos., Mar- 
 tinsburg, W. Va., 1920- ; trustee, Natl. Home for Aged, 1920- ; 
 assoc. ed., Hist. Al. Syn., 1917; m. Sarah Besse Toot, Oct. 10, 1901; 
 children, Agnes E., Harriet F., Jno. F., Richard H.; res., Martinsburg, 
 W. Va. 
 
 WITT, EDWARD C., b. Lake City, Fla, Jan. 19, 1873; s. Jasper and 
 Mary A. (Robarts) W.; A.B., Newberry Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1901; ord. Hol. Syn., 1901; pastor, Knoxville, Tenn., 1901-03; Lake 
 City, Fla., 1903-06; Delmar, S. C., 1911-13; Newberry, S. C., 1913-14; 
 Lingle, Miss., 1917-18; Lake City, Fla. 1921-23; m. Tolula S. Salter, 
 1901; children, Otto, Valentine, Fred. K., E. Christine, 1 d.; res., Lake 
 City, Fla. 
 
 WOODS, ROBERT WILLIAM, b. nr. Blain, Pa., May 30, 1873; s. Wm. 
 W. and Catherine (Loy) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1901; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1900; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1901; pastor, Redeemer, 
 Pgh., Pa. 1901- ; dir. Homewood Bd. Trade; dir. Bd. Ch. Ext. Pb. 
 Syn.; del. World’s S. S. Con., 1924; m. Martha Ella Douds, June 30, 
 1909; children, Catherine M., Wayne R., Martha L.; res., Pgh., Pa. 
 
 531 
 
1899 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 YEAKLEY, TAYLOR BABB, b. Winchester, Va., Oct. 22, 1874; s. Wm. 
 R. and Rachel (Frieze) Y.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. 
 Sem., 1901; Ph.D., Central U., 1915; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1900; ord. Md. 
 Syn., 1901; supt. miss. Md. Syn., 1904-07; pastor, Davis, W. Va., 1901- 
 03; Temple, Pgh., Pa., 1907-08; Mt. Zion, Pgh., Pa., 1908-16; First, New 
 Kensington, Pa., 1916- ; Bethesda Home Bd.; m. Agnes Irene Aggle- 
 son, Sept. 6, 1904; children, Taylor B., Margaret V., Jean A.; res., New 
 Kensington, Pa. 
 
 1899 
 
 BROWN, WILLIAM EDWARD, b. Arcadia, Md.; s. Wm. J. and Jane R. 
 (Gill) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; Gbg. Sem., 1899-1900; B.D., Wit. 
 Sem., 1902; D.D., Wit. Col., 1920; ord. 1902; pastor, Garrett, Pa., 1902- 
 04; Pgh. Pa., 1904-07; Middletown, Md., 1907-10; Balto., 1910-17; 
 Springfield, O., 1917-21; St. Matt., York, Pa., 1921-25; St. Mt., Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y., 1925- ; assoc. ed., Luth. Ch. Wk. and Obs., 1911-14; m. 
 Beulah Elizabeth Miller, Oct. 14, 1902; children, Helen, Elizabeth, Wm., 
 Ida J.; res., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 CANNADAY, ISAAC, b. Little River, Va., May 29, 1876; s. Giles and 
 Sarah (Cannaday) C.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1902; A.M., Roanoke Col., 1904; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. Sus. Syn., 
 1902; miss. to India, 1902- ; sec. Ad. Bd. Gossner Luth. Ch., 1921- ; 
 trustee, G. E. L. Miss. Prop., 1921- ; prof., Guntur and Ranchi Sems.; 
 m. Helen Elizabeth Chandler, Apr. 19, 1911; res., India. 
 
 DIEHL, CHARLES WILLIAM, SR., b. Seven Valleys, Pa., June 14, 1870; 
 s. Jacob and Matilda (Walter) D.; A.B., Gbg. Co., 1899; B.D., Gbg. 
 Sem., 1902; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. same, 1902; pastor, Second, 
 Chambersburg, Pa., 1902-08; Mahanoy City, Pa., 1908-16; Grace, Tren- 
 ton, N. J., 1916-25; Trinity, York, Pa. 1925- ; m. Anna Alberta Myers, 
 Apr. 2, 1893; children, Ethel M., Chas. W.; res., York, Pa. 
 
 DOTY, ROBERT WESLEY, b. Jefferson, Md., Aug. 23, 1876; s. Abner and 
 Emily J. (Porter) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1902; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1901; ord. same, 1902; pastor, Westminster, Md., 1902-12; 
 Cambridge, O., 1912-18; Rochester, Pa., 1918- ; m. Alice Roelkey, Aug. 
 14, 1902; dau., Louise R.; res., Rochester, Pa. 
 
 ENDERS, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Richmond, Ind., Feb. 11, 1878; s. Geo. 
 W. and Phoebe (Miller) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1902; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1924; lic. Md. Syn., 1901; ord. same, 1902; pas- 
 tor, Cantonsville, Md., 1902-10; St. Paul’s, Cumberland, Md., 1910-25; 
 First, Balto., 1925- ; trustee, Tressler Orphanage, 1916-17; Bd. Jew- 
 
 532 
 
ALUMNI 1899 
 
 ish Miss., U. L. C., 1922- ; m. Grace Hubner, Oct. 7, 1902; children, 
 Grace H., Mary P., Martin L., John G.; res., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 FINCH, HERBERT, b. Ramsey, N. J., Feb. 18, 1877; s. John and Eliza- 
 beth (Byard) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1898; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1902; U. of 
 Pa., 1906-07; Berlin U., 1908-09; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1902; pastor, Geth- 
 semene, Phila., 1902-08; St. Paul’s, Johnstown, N. Y., 1909-23; unmar- 
 ried; res., Charleston, W. Va. 
 
 HERMAN, STEWART WINFIELD, b. York Co., Pa. Nov. 17, 1878; s. 
 Simon and Mary (Rupp) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1902; D.D., Carthage Col., 1917, and Gbg. Col., 1919; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 
 1901; ord. same, 1902; pastor, Wrightsville, Pa., 1902-03; Zion, Harris- 
 burg, Pa., 1904- ; member Bb. Pub.; member Parish and Ch. Sch. 
 Bd.; trustee, Irving Col.; dir., Women’s Col.; m. Mary O’Neal Benner, 
 Oct. 21, 1908; children, Stewart W., Mary E., Martha J., Janice B.; 
 res., Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 HOFFMAN, JAMES LUTHER, b. Harleton, Pa., Sept. 3, 1874; s. Henry 
 and Elizabeth (Hower) H.; A.B., Sus. U., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1902; D.D., Sus. U., 1925; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1902; 
 pastor, Tremont, Pa., 1902-03; Grace, Scranton, Pa., 1903-12; Silver Run, 
 Md., 1912-17; Ref., Balto., 1917- ; member Deaconess Bd., U. L. C,, 
 1921- ; m. May Trenkle Garlach, June 19, 1902; children, Richard 
 G., Wm. L., Sarah E.; res., Balto. 
 
 KELLER, JOSEPH HENRY, b. Littlestown, Pa., Jan. 8, 1871; s. Jos. A. 
 and Rebecca (Wehler) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1902; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1902; pastor, Shippen- 
 ville, Pa., 1902-05; St. Jas., Pgh. Pa., 1905-09; Hampstead, Md., 1909- 
 11; First, Philipsburg, Pa., 1911-13; York, Pa., 1913-18; Salem, Ober- 
 lin, Pa., 1918- ; m. Mary Ellen Thomas, Dec. 19, 1901; children, Ruth 
 T., Paul J.. Mary G.; res., Oberlin, Pa. 
 
 LAUFFER, GEORGE NEVIN, b. Apollo, Pa., Nov. 24, 1878; s. J. D. and 
 Elizabeth (Ament) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1902; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1921; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1902; 
 pastor, Trinity, McKeesport, Pa., 1902-03; New Oxford, Pa., 1903-10; 
 Zion, Newville, Pa., 1910-14; St., Jnos., Steelton, Pa., 1914-19; Altoona, 
 Pa., 1919- ; m. Naomi Myers, Oct. 8, 1902; res., Altoona, Pa. 
 
 McCAULEY, JOHN WILLIAM, b. Salem, Va., Oct..9, 1878; s. Wm. and 
 _ Margaret (Shirey) M.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 
 533 
 
1899 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1902; Johns Hopkins U., 1913-15; lic. Al. Syn., 1901; ord. same, 1902; 
 pastor, St. Paul’s, Cumberland, Md., 1902-10; Incarnation, Balto., 1910- 
 15; Lutherville, Md., 1922- ; miss. supt. S. W. Va. Syn., 1915-17; gen. 
 sec., Elizabeth Col., 1917-22; m. Pearl Piper, 1906; children, Wm. P., 
 Margaret B., Mary E.; res., Lutherville, Md. 
 
 MEYER, JOHN HENRY, b: New York, N. Y., Aug. 30, 1874; s. Henry 
 and Meta (Brickwedel) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1902; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1925; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1902; pastor, 
 Glen Gardner, N. J., 1902-04; Hellam, Pa., 1904-06; Our Savior, Jersey 
 City, N. J., 1906- ; m. Ella Bender, June 19, 1902; children, J.. Henry, 
 Christine, Gerard E., Dorothy; res., Jersey City, N. J. 
 
 MILLAR, GEORGE WILLIAM, b. Hunterstown, Pa., May 22, 1867; s. 
 Jacob and Maria C. (Hoffman) M.; M.E., Cum. Val. State Nor. Sch., 
 1891; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1902; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. Md. Syn., 1902; 
 pastor, Jefferson, Md., 1902-03; Mt. Pleasant, 1903-04; Manor, Md., 
 1904-07; Wrightsville, 1908-17; Gordon, 1917-21; Strasburg, Pa., 1922- 
 25; Annville, Pa. 1925- ; tchg., 1887-99; m. Maggie Ellen Shorb, 
 Sept. 11, 1894; children, Ellen K., Chas. W.; res., Annville, Pa. 
 
 MUSSELMAN, JOSEPH HARRY, b. Fairfield, Pa., June 26, 1877; s. Jno. 
 M. and Mary C. M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1902; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1921; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. same, 1902; pastor, 
 Newport, Pa., 1902-05; Litchfield, Ill., 1905-09; Danville, Pa., 1909-16; 
 Millersburg, Pa., 1916-20; Lancaster, Pa., 1920- ; m. Ella May Toot, 
 Sept. 23, 1902; dau., Lucile; res., Lancaster, Pa. 
 
 REISCH, THOMAS, b. Halifax, Pa.; s. Danl. and Elizabeth (Bowman) 
 R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1902; Ph.D., Ind. U., 1913; 
 D.D.,Sus., Ul, 1915; lic. Es Pa., 1901; ord? Ev O: Syn, 19023) pastor, 
 St. Paul’s, Leetonia, O., 1902-05; St. Paul’s, Alliance, O., 1905-07; Zion, 
 Hollidaysburg, Pa., 1907-12; Christ, Harrisburg, Pa., 1912- ; dir. Sus. 
 U., 1911- ; m. Edith Loraine Nold, Nov. 6, 1906; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 ROEHNER, HENRY CHARLES, b. Balto., Dec. 22, 1879; s. Christian 
 and Mary R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; Gbg. Sem., 1899-1901; grad. Wit. 
 Sem., 1902; D.D., Wit. Col., 1920; ord. 1902; pastor, Hoagland, Ind., 
 1902-07; Trinity, Grand Rapids, Mich., 1907-20; First, Mansfield, O., 
 1920- ; dir., Wit. Col.; assoc. ed., Luth.; res., Mansfield, O. 
 
 STAMETS, AMOS MAXWELL, b. Kennedyville, N. J., Jan. 18, 1873; s. 
 Robt. and Mary (Cox) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 
 534 
 
ALUMNI 1900 
 
 1902; D.D., Sus. U., 1919; lic. E. Pa. Syn. 1901; ord. same, 1902; 
 pastor, Augsburg, Harrisburg, Pa., 1902- ; m. Blanche Nevada Grauer, 
 Apr. 5, 1910; dau., Alfarata; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 STRAW, JACOB HIRAM, b. Ansonville, Pa. Dec. 14, 1870; s. Arthur B. 
 and Sarah M. (Smith) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; B.D., Gbg. Sem.,, 
 1902; lic. Al. Syn., 1901; ord. same, 1902; miss. to Africa, 1902-04, 
 1909-13; pastor, St. Luke’s, N. Baltimore, O., 1905-07; Trenton, N. J., 
 1907-09; m. Nellie Angela Cashman, Mar. 3, 1903; now Mrs. Rev. 
 F. S. Shultz; dau., Ruth; d. Apr. 20, 1913. 
 
 1900 
 
 BOTTIGER, CHARLES SAMUEL, b. Cowan, Pa., Nov. 8, 1875; s. Isaac 
 and Caroline (Kepler) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; Gbg. Sem., 1900-02; 
 B.D., Wit. Sem., 1903; ord. E. O. Syn., 1903; pastor, Magnolia, O., 
 1903-09; Belleville, Pa., 1909-15; Berwick, Pa., 1915- ; m. Rose Kine 
 Grosch, Aug. 1903; s. Ernest G.; res., Berwick, Pa. 
 
 BREGENZER, OTTO EDWARD, b. Balto., Mar. 16, 1877; s. Chas. A. and 
 Elizabeth (Kliensmith) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; Gbg. Sem., 1900-02; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, Myersville, Md., 1903-05 ; 
 Union Bridge, Md., 1905-12; Bridgeton, N. J., 1913-20; m. Anna L. 
 Groscup, Dec. 31, 1903; children, Louisa W., Mary C.; d. Sept. 20, 1920. 
 
 BROWNMILLER, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Union Deposit, Pa., June 17, 
 1877; s. E. S. and Minnie (Zimmerman) B.; Lebanon Valley Col., 1896- 
 1900; Gbg. Sem., 1900-01; grad. Sus. U. Theo., 1904; ord. Sus. Syn., 
 1904; asst. St. Mark’s, Reading, Pa., 1904- ; unmarried; res., Read- 
 ing, Pa. 
 
 CLANEY, WILKINS BLAIR, b. Pgh., Pa., June 2, 1872; s. Wm. M. and 
 Polly C. (Bryan) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1900; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1903; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1902; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1903; pastor, Kellersburg, Pa., 
 1904-07; Chicora, Pa. 1907-10; Holy Trinity, Pgh, Pa. 1910-13; 
 Smicksburg, Pa., 1913-14; Du Bois, Pa. 1914-21; Blairsville, Pa., 
 1921- ; m. Ada Irene Blocher, June 1, 1904; s., W. Blair; res., Blairs- 
 ville, Pa. 
 
 CLARE, ROBERT DAVID, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Jan. 28, 1877; s. Richard 
 and Lydia (Ziegler) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1903; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col.; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1902; ord. same, 1903; pastor, St. 
 Matt., York, Pa., 1903-11; First, Johnstown, Pa., 1911-18; St. Mark’s, 
 
 535 
 
1900 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Balto., 1918- ; bd. Ed. G. S., 1917-18, and U. L. C., 1918- ; m. Mary 
 Ada McLinn, Oct. 27, 1903; children, Eleanor M., Katharine M., Robt. 
 D.; res., Balto. 
 
 ERNEST, HARRY BEALOR, b. Aug. 8, 1873; s. Geo. and Elizabeth 
 (Bealor) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1903; lic. E. Pa. 
 Syn., 1902; ord. same, 1903; pastor, Boiling Springs, Pa., 1903-07; 
 Tarentum, Pa., 1907-17; St. Matt., Erie, Pa., 1917-21; Freeport, Pa., 
 1921-23; Washington, Pa., 1923- ; m. Kate Edith Bonawitz, Feb. 17, 
 1904; dau., Margaret E.; res., Washn., Pa. 
 
 FREY, WILLIAM W., b. York Co., Pa., Nov. 14, 1876; s. Henry F. and 
 Cassandra (Shriver) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; Gbg. Sem., 1900-02; 
 B.D., Wit. Sem., 1903; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1904; pastor, Brookville, Pa., 
 Martinsburg, Pa., Sidman, Pa., Troy, N. Y., Rhinebeck, N. Y.; m. Bertha 
 I. Kelier, Dec. 21, 1902; children, Walter F., Margaret C., Gerald P., 
 Stephen W.; res., Rhinebeck, N. Y. 
 
 GILBERT, ADDISON DANIEL, b. Phila., Apr. 8, 1874; s. Addison D. 
 and Margaret L. (Ware) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; Gbg. Sem., 1900- 
 02; B.D., Wit. Sem., 1903; lic. Wit. Syn., 1902; ord. same, 1903; pastor, 
 W. Liberty, O., 1903-06; Battle Creek, Mich., 1906-12; Columbia City, 
 Ind., 1912-13; m. Laura Frances Hitchener, Sept. 15, 1903; no children; 
 d. Dec. 18, 1913. 
 
 HEILMAN, JAMES FRANK, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Oct. 4, 1878; s. Rev. 
 Lee M. and Laura (Humes) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; spec. stud., 
 Gbg. Sem.; D.D., Wit. Col., 1919; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1901; ord. same, 
 1902; pastor, York Springs, Pa., 1901-04; Kans. City, Mo., 1904-05; 
 Wooster, O., 1905-12; Canton, O., 1912-20; Sioux City, Ia., 1920-24; 
 Field Sec., For. Miss. Bd., U. L. C., 1924-25; Shippensburg, Pa., 1925-  ; 
 m. Kathleen Williford, 1906; children, Mary, Lee, Kathleen, Frank; 
 she d. Jan. 26, 1916; m. Agnes Luid, Aug. 20, 1920; res., Shippensburg, 
 Bae 
 
 HITCHENER, STEPHEN, b. Friesburg, N. J., Feb. 9, 1878; s. Geo. and 
 Mary (Johnson) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1903; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1902; ord. same, 1903; pastor, Martin’s Creek, Pa., 
 1903-06; Xenia, O., 1906-10; Spencerville, Ind. 1910-11; m. Eva C. 
 Flitchinger, June 24, 1903; she d. Aug. 12, 1904; m. Estella Carman, 
 Aug. 21, 1906; s. Lowell E.; d. Nov. 17, 1911. 
 
 HUMMER, JOHN ILGEN, b. Middaughs, Pa., Feb. 2, 1872; s. Saml. and 
 Lydia (Florey) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1903; lic. 
 
 536 
 
ALUMNI 1900 
 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1902; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; pastor, Tannersville, Pa., 
 Glen Gardner, N. J., Oberlin, Pa., Seven Valleys, Pa. Mt. Carmel, 
 Manchester, Pa., Littlestown, Pa., 1925- ; m. Alta Yeghart, Aug. 17, 
 1904; s., Paul N.; res., Littlestown, Pa. 
 
 KNITTLE, JOHN FREEZE, b. Catawissa, Pa., Feb. 8, 1877; s. Jos. B. 
 and Rebecca (Berninger) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1903; Ph.D., Central U., 1925; ord. Sus. Syn., 1903; pastor, Redeemer, 
 Williamsport, Pa., 1903-11; Zion, Manheim, Pa. 1911- ; m. Lillie 
 Willits Fahringer, Apr. 26, 1906; children, Jos. L., Mary C.; res., 
 Manheim, Pa. 
 
 LANGHAM, JOSEPH G., b. Duncansville, Pa., Apr. 8, 1875; s. Jas. and 
 Anna (Shank) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1903; lic. 
 Al. Syn., 1902; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1903; pastor, Marysville, Pa., 1903-06; 
 Clarion, Pa. 1906-10; Manorville, Pa. 1910- ; m. Edna Margaret 
 Donnelly, Sept. 6, 1899; children, Hudson S., Mary M., Jos. G.; res., 
 Manorville, Pa. 
 
 LEATHERMAN, CLARENCE GORDON, b. Lewistown, Md., Dec. 26, 
 1875; s. Levi C. and Elizabeth (Derr) L.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1900; 
 B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1903; A.M., Roanoke Col., 1904; lic. Md. Syn., 1902; 
 ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1903; pastor, Lemoyne, Pa., 1903-06; New Castle, 
 Pa., 1906-11; Vandergrift, Pa., 1911-16; Manchester, Md., 1916-23; 
 Hummelstown, Pa., 1923- ; m. Elfie Irene Cramer, Nov. 19, 1903; 
 children, Paul K., Levi H., Clarence D.; res.,. Hummelstown, Pa. 
 
 MANKEN, HENRY, Jr., b. Balto., Dec. 25, 1876; s. Henry and Mary 
 (Binding) M.; grad. Balto. City Col., 1897; Johns Hopkins U., 1898- 
 1900; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1903; lic. Md. Syn., 1902; ord. Hart. Syn., 
 1903; pastor, Oneonta, N. Y., 1903-08; St. Luke’s, Balto., 1908-18; In- 
 carnation, Washn., 1918- ; prof., Deaconess Trg. Sch., Balto., 1911- ; 
 m. Harriet Virginia Bream, Oct. 12, 1904; res., Washn. 
 
 MILLER, WILLIAM J., Jr., b. Phila., 1879; s. Wm. J. and Mary A. 
 (Grim) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; Gbg. Sem., 1900-01, 1906-08; B.D., 
 same, 1908; student sec., Y. M. C. A., 1901-06; ord. 1908; pastor, Taber- 
 nacle, Phila, 1908- ; m. Mary Dunn Willing, Oct. 29, 1913; res., 
 Phila. 
 
 MILLER, WILLIAM ROBERTSON, b. Friesburg, N. J., Jan. 2, 1873; s. 
 Wm. A. and Sarah M. (Miller) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1903; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1902; ord. Sus. Syn., 1903; miss. to Africa, 
 1903-06; d. Mar. 27, 1906. 
 
 537 
 
1900 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 SIEBER, JOHN LUTHER ALDEN, b. Somerset, Pa., Aug. 19, 1879; s. 
 L. L. and Josephine (Rothrock) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; B.D., Gbg. 
 Sem., 1903; Yale U., 1904-07; D.D., Roanoke Col., 1924; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1902; ord. same, 1903; pastor, First, New Haven, Conn., 1903-14; 
 St. Mark’s, Roanoke, Va., 1914- ; bd. Home Miss. U. Syn. S., 1916-18: 
 pres., bd. trustees So. Orphanage, 1921- ; bd. For. Miss. U. L. C., 
 1924- ; m. Hilda Maria Millen, Sept. 7, 1910; children, Margaret R., 
 Mary E., Homer A.; res., Roanoke, Va. 
 
 SMYSER, MARTIN MOSSER, b. Lisburn, Pa., Jan. 19, 1875; s. Henry 
 and Catherine (Shetter) S.; A.B., Dickinson Col., 1900; Gbg. Sem., Sept. 
 to Dec., 1900; White’s Bib. Sch., 1909-11; ord. Disc. Ch., 1910; supply 
 Disc. Chs., N. Y. City, 1909-11; pastor, Cong. Ch., Me., 1911-14; Ind. 
 Miss., Yokote, Akita, Ken, Japan, 1914- ; asst. sec, Y. M. C. A,, 
 Orange, N. J., 1901-02; gen. sec., Y. M. C. A., Norristown, Pa., 1902- 
 03; tchr., Hagi, Japan, Mid. Sch., 1903-07; tchr., Osaka, Japan, Hi. Com. 
 Sch., 1907-09; m. Carme Hostetter, May 13, 1905; dau., Lois; res., 
 Yokote, Japan. 
 
 TRAUB, FRANK MILTON, b. Bloomsburg, Pa., Oct. 4, 1873; s. Jona- 
 than and Eliza (Graul) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1900; B.D., Gbg. Sem, 
 1903; ord. 1903; pastor, Millersville, Pa., 1903-05; Lima, O., 1905-09; 
 W. Liberty, O., 1909-11; miss. to Africa, 1911-22; m. Laura K. McNeal, 
 July 28, 1903; children, John L., Mary E.; her res., Espy, Pa.; he d. 
 May 7, 1923. 
 
 WEIGLE, LUTHER ALLEN, b. Littlestown, Pa., Sept. 11, 1880; s. Elias 
 D. and Hannah (Bream) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1900; A.M., same, 1900; 
 Gbg. Sem., 1900-02; Ph.D., Yale U., 1905; D.D., Carleton Col., 1916, 
 and Gbg. Col., 1917; Litt.D., Muhlenberg Col., 1925; lic. Al. Syn., 1902; 
 ord. same, 1903; pastor, Bridgeport, Conn., 1903-04; prof., Carleton Col., 
 1905-16; prof., Yale U., 1916- ; entered min. of Cong. Ch., 1916; com- 
 mission Moral and Rel. Ed., Natl. Coun. Cong. Chs., 1913-21; member 
 Com. on Missions, 1919-23; dir., Cong. Ed. Soc. and Cong. Pub. Soc., 
 1917-. ; Chairman, Com. on Pubs., 1919- ; Int. Council Rel. Ed. Ex. 
 Com., 1914- ; chairman, Com. on Curriculum, 1923- ; member Int. 
 S. S. Lesson Com., 1915- ; chairman, sub-com. on Graded Lessons, 
 1916-20; chairman, com. of 7 on Policy, 1919-20; chairman, com. on 
 Group Lessons, 1920- ; chairman, Jt. Ad. Com. on Materials and Meth- 
 ods of Rel. Ed. in For. Lands, 1923- ; chairman, Com. on Christian 
 Ed., Fed. Council, 1925- ; member Ex. Com. World’s S. S. Assn., 
 1924- ; chairman, Com. on Lesson Courses, 1924- ; author, Pupil and 
 the Teacher, 1911: Talks to S. S. Teachers, 1920: Training the Devo- 
 
 538 
 
ALUMNI 1901 
 
 tional Life, 1919: Training of Children in the Christian Family, 1921: 
 Christian Ed. of Am. Children, 1925; m. Clara R. Boxrud, June 15, 
 1909; children, Richard D., Luther A., Margaret H., Ruth A.; res., New 
 Haven, Conn. 
 
 1901 
 
 BAKER, JOSEPH BAER, b. Lititz, Pa, Feb. 17, 1877; s. Jacob and 
 Amelia (Baer) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; D.D., 
 Gbg. Col.; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, St. Peter’s, 
 York, Pa., 1904-06; St. Paul’s, Newport, Pa., 1906-09; St. Jas., Gbg., 
 1909-22; Zion, Indiana, Pa., 1922- ; author, Hist. St. Jas., Gbg., 1921; 
 m. Rena Lindner, Sept. 15, 1904; children, Clara A., Dorothea L., Jos. 
 J., Rena L.; res., Indiana, Pa. 
 
 BEAN, ARHUR N,, b. Riegelsville, Pa., July 18, 1877; s. Tobias and 
 Elizabeth (Nicholas) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
 D.D., Gbg. Col., 1922; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 
 1904; pastor, First, Paterson, N. J., 1904- ; m. Ada Marguerite Horine, 
 Dec.. 12, 1907; children, Beatrice S., Marian H., Charlotte H., Elizabeth 
 R.; res., Paterson, N. J. 
 
 BURNITE, DAVID CLARK, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Apr. 24, 1875; s. David 
 C. and Mary (Till) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. N. Y. and N. J., 1904; pastor, Ghent, N. Y., 
 1904-06; St. Peter’s, York, Pa., 1906-12; Galion, O., 1912-16; Danville, 
 Pa., 1916-22; Cambridge, O., 1922-24; Warren, O., 1924-25; Sharps- 
 burg, Pa., 1925- ; m. Ida May Breidenbaugh, Oct. 5, 1904; children, 
 Mary I., David C., Elizabeth E.; res., Sharpsburg, Pa. 
 
 EASTERDAY, GEORGE HORINE, b. Jefferson, Md., Oct. 30, 1879; s. 
 Geo. E. and Sarah (Horine) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1904; lic. Md. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, Millville, Pa., 1904- 
 05; Stewartsville, N. J., 1905-07; left min., 1907; office work since 
 1907; m. Jessie Anna Ziegler, June 16, 1904; res., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 EVELER, GEORGE HENRY, b. Middletown, Pa., Dec. 3, 1873; s. John 
 and Mary (Genkes) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1904; pastor, Rossville, Pa., 
 1904-11; Monesson, Pa., 1912-14; Dillsburg, Pa., 1914-22; Littlestown, 
 Pa., 1922-25; Washington, D.C., St. John’s, 1925- ; m. Emma Esther 
 Zinn, Mar. 14, 1905; children, Margery, Frances, Robert, Sarah, Ida, 
 Jean, Martin L., John, Sydney; res., Washington, D.C. 
 
 539 
 
1901 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 FREAS, WILLIAM, b. Hughesville, Pa., Oct. 5, 1880; s. Wm. S. and 
 Ella A. (Streeper) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1903; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1904; pastor, Bethany. 
 N. Y. City, 1904-16; Holy Trinity, Jersey City, N. J., 1916-17; office 
 sec., Natl. Luth. Com., 1917-23; sec., Inner Miss. Bd. G. S., 1915-18; 
 sec. same, U. L. C., 1918-19; ex. sec. same, 1919- ; m. Mary Rogers 
 Stryker, July 8, 1908; she d. Nov. 11, 1909; m. Amelia Behr Welling- 
 ton, July 31, 1913; s. Wm. B.; res., Rosedale, L. I. 
 
 GERSTMYER, HENRY LEWIS, b. Balto., Feb. 21, 1874; s. Henry G. and 
 Catharine (Gephardt) G.; Johns Hopkins U., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1904; lic. Md. Syn., 1903; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1904; pastor, Bainbridge, 
 Pa., 1904-06; Marysville, Pa., 1906-10; New Berlin, Pa., 1910-14; Man- 
 chester, Pa., 1914-18; Newville, Pa., 1918-23; Bethany, Balto., 1923- ; 
 m. Mabel Brenner, 1907; children, Dorothy M., Newell M., Paul S.; 
 she d. 1919; m. Ella Mae Hackett, Nov. 22, 1923; res., Balto. 
 
 GOOD, WILLIAM IRA, b. Lyon Sta., Pa., May 16, 1878; s. Willoughby 
 and Fayetta (Folk) G.; Keystone State Nor.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, St. Matt., Allentown, 
 Pa., 1904-07; Grace, Bellwood, Pa., 1907-14; Grace, Johnstown, Pa., 
 1914- ; dir., Luth. Women’s Col.; m. Cora Carolyn Kutz, June 30, 
 1904; children Wm. K.,, Marjorie C., Donald K., Paul K.; res., Johns- 
 town, Pa. 
 
 GROSS, LUTHER WAGNER, b. Mar. 18, 1876; s. Danl. and Lydia (Wag- 
 ner) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; ord. Sus. Syn., 
 1904; pastor, Hampstead, Md., Jonesboro, Ill., Rockport, Ind, Mt. 
 Holly Springs, Pa., Washingtonville, O., Strasburg, O., Ebenezer, Ind., 
 Indianapolis, Ind., Shenandoah, Va., Sylvan, Pa., Glasgow, Pa.; m. 
 Myrtle Alma Moon, June 15, 1904; children, Herbert L., Mary F., Robt. 
 M., Wm. H., Elsie W., Paul F., Grace M.; res., Glasgow, Pa. 
 
 HAFER, DAVID SEYMOUR, b. nr. Chambersburg, Pa., Nov. 1, 1874; 
 s. David and Sarah (Bowers) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1904; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, Scalp Level, 
 Pa., 1904-09; Gallitzin, Pa., 1909-10; Phillipsburg, N. J., 1910- ; m. 
 Annie Amelia McCarney, Feb. 7, 1905; children, Luther S., Sarah; res., 
 Phillipsburg, N. J. 
 
 HANSON, HENRY WILLIAM ANDREY, b. Wilmington, N. C., Mar. 12, 
 1882; s. Louis and Augusta (Glameyer) H.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1901; 
 B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1918; LL.D., Lafayette and 
 
 540 
 
ALUMNI 1901 
 
 Bucknell, 1925; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1904; pastor, 
 St. Luke’s, Pgh., 1906-12; Messiah, Harrisburg, Pa., 1913-23; member 
 numerous bds. and coms.; preaching staff U. of Pa., Pa. State, Muhlen- 
 berg Col., Mercersburg Col.; pres., Gbg. Col., 1923- ; m. Elizabeth 
 Trimble Painter, June 1, 1904; children, Henry W. A., J. Painter, Robt. 
 D.; res., Gbg. 
 
 HARTMAN, HERBERT HOLLINGER, b. Chambersburg, Pa., Mar. 10, 
 1878; s. Aaron and Julia (Hollinger) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., 
 Gbg. Sem., 1904; lic. Md. Syn., 1903; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1904; 
 pastor, Bridgeport, Conn., 1904-08; Newville, Pa., 1908-10; Augsburg, 
 Balto., 1910- ; m. Catherine Hollabaugh Tipton; children, Julia C., 
 Anne E., Martha P., Herbert H.; res., Balto. 
 
 HETRICK, WILLIAM HENRY, b. Shellsville, Pa., Oct. 13, 1877; s. David 
 and Amelia (Hetrick) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
 D.D., W. Md. Col., 1920; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. N. Y. and N. J. 
 Syn., 1904; pastor, Calvary, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1904-07; Immanuel, Phila., 
 1907-11; Grace, Westminster, Md., 1911-20; Trinity, Connelsville, Pa., 
 1920- ; m. Mary Margaret Deatrick, Apr. 27, 1905; children, Eliza- 
 beth A., David W.; res., Connelsville, Pa. 
 
 KRAMER, KARL WILLIAM, b. Rockport, Ind., Dec. 10, 1873; s. Henry 
 and Katherine (Bretz) K.; A.B., Ind. U., 1901; Gbg. Sem., 1901-03; 
 lic. Frank. Syn., 1903; pastor, Berne, N. Y., 1903-05; St. Paul’s, Louis- 
 ville, Ky., 1905-16; rt., 1916; unmarried; res., Rockport, Ind. 
 
 KROUT, JOSEPH D., b. Jefferson, Pa., Mar. 1, 1879; s. Adam H. and 
 Lucinda (Blair) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1904; pastor, Stone Church, Pa., 
 Hellam, Pa., Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Maytown, Pa., Audubon, N. J.; m. 
 Flora Blanche Spangler, Aug. 24, 1904; children, Puria B., Jos. D., 
 Evelyn K., res., Audubon, N. J. 
 
 LEONARD, CHARLES, b. Phila., Pa., Dec. 21, 1878; s. William H. and 
 Esther C. (Crandall) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1904; D.D., Sus. U., 1916; 
 pastor, Wrightsville, Pa., 1904-07; Pgh. Pa., 1907-12; Selinsgrove, Pa., 
 1912-17; Williamsport, Pa., 1917-25; Tulsa, Okla., 1925- ; asst. prof., 
 Homiletics, Sus. U., 1914-17; Y. M. C. A. service, France, 1918; res., 
 Tulsa, Okla. 
 
 McCARNEY, JOHN CALVIN, b. Arendtsville, Pa., June 22, 1876; s. J. D. 
 and Susan (Oyler) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
 541 
 
1901 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, York, Pa., 1904-07; 
 Friedens, Pa., 1907-22; Quickel’s, Pa., 1922- ; m. Beulah Rebecca Mil- 
 ler, May 16, 1905; children, G. Wayne, Linerre J., Mahlon A., Frieda 
 J., Vivian J.; res. near York, Pa. 
 
 MOSER, WARREN ANSON, b. Worcester, Pa., Nov. 8, 1878; s. Jacob 
 and Lillian (Anson) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1903; pastor, Thompsontown, Pa., 1904-11; Louisville, 
 Ky., 1911-18; Liberty, Pa., 1918- ; m. Dora Mae Smith, May 19, 1904; 
 children, Lillian, Helen, Sarah R.; res., Liberty, Pa. 
 
 MULLEN, PHILIP HIRAM RIBALD, b. Ringgold, Md., Oct. 25, 1878; 
 s. Amos F. and Hannah S. (Oswald) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., 
 Gbg. Sem., 1904; lic. Md. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, May- 
 town, Pa., 1904-08; Freeport, Ill., 1908-15; Swissvale, Pa, 1915- ; ed. 
 Luth. Mo., 1919- ; m. Clara Walker O’Neal, Feb. 1, 1905; children, 
 Elizabeth C. O., John P. E.; res., Swissvale, Pa. 
 
 RHOADS, HENRY SYLVESTER, b. Somerset, Pa., Apr. 6, 1871; s. Wm. 
 M. and Susan (Gumbert) R.; B.E., Calif. State Nor. Sch. 1894; A.B., 
 Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; lic. Al. Syn., 1903; ord. N. Y. 
 and N. J. Syn., 1904; pastor, Trinity, Newark, N. J., 1904-07; Johns- 
 town, Pa., 1907-16; First, Leipsic, O., 1916-22; Zion, Lebanon, Pa., 
 1922- ; m. Sudie E. Seacrest, 1904; s., Paul; res., Lebanon, Pa. 
 
 SCHERER, JOHN JACOB, Jr., b. May 6, 1881; s. John J. and Katharine . 
 
 (Killinger) S.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1900; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; D.D., 
 Roanoke Col., 1917; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. Md. Syn., 1904; pastor, 
 Grace, Fairmont, W. Va., 1904-06; First, Richmond, Va., 1906- ; pres., 
 Va. Syn., 1922; pres., Bb. Konnarock Trg. Sch., 1924- ; member W. 
 Indies Bd., U. L. C., 1922- ; member Inner Miss. Bd., U. L. C., 1924- ; 
 trustee, Marion Col., 1918- ; trustee, Luth. Orphanage, Salem, Va., 
 1916- ; assoc. judge, Juvenile and Dom. Rel. Court, 1917- ; sec., Va. 
 Home and Ind. Sch. for Girls, 1914- ; dir., Richmond Com. Fund, 
 1924- ; dir., Assoc. Charities, Richmond, Va.; m. Anna Belle Down- 
 tain, Dec. 13, 1906; children, John J., Jas. G., Harriet A., Katharine E., 
 Mary G.; res., Richmond, Va. 
 
 STONER, JACOB RUSH, b. Mercersburg, Pa., May 15, 1875; s. John and 
 Anna Elizabeth (Clapsaddle) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1901, A.M., 1905; 
 Gbg. Sem., 1901-03; Yale U., 1905; Harv. U., 1907; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 
 1905; author 39 unpublished books or compositions on philosophy, ethics, 
 aesthetics, religion, and poems and dramas; lecturer and evangelist; 
 m. Flora Margaret Baldwin, 1913; res., Boulder, Colo. 
 
 542 
 
 ate a 
 
ALUMNI 1902 
 
 1902 
 
 BASTIAN, CALL PIATT, b. Feb. 8, 1864; s. John C. and Cathrine 
 (Moore) B.; Muncy Nor. Sch., 1884-87; Sus. U., 1889-92; A.B., Gbg. 
 Col., 1894; Gbg. Sem., 1902-03; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1903; pastor, Littles- 
 town, Pa., 1903-07; Keyser, W. Va., 1907-12; Christ, Charleroi, Pa., 
 1912-19; Trinity, Berlin, Pa, 1919- ; m. Clemmie Cathrine Follmer, 
 Dec. 14, 1888; children, Fred. F., Ruth, Kathryn V.; res., Berlin, Pa. 
 
 CLARE, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Chambersburg, Pa. Mar. 5, 1880; s. 
 Richard and Lydia (Zeigler) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1905; D.D., Thiel Col., 1920; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. same, 
 1905; pastor, Spring Grove, Pa, 1905-14; Apollo, Pa, 1914- ; m. 
 Alice Mabel Kuhlman, June 26, 1907; children, Luther K., Martha C., 
 Edna M., Jno. R., David W.; res., Apollo, Pa. 
 
 COOPER, EDGAR R., b. Mt. Falls, Va., Dec. 24, 1876; s. Randolph and 
 Annie (Bean) C.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1902; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1905; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1905; pastor, Glen 
 Gardner, N. J., 1905-08; First, Bridgeport, Conn., 1908-17; Chester 
 Springs, Pa., 1917-25; Ft. Washn., Pa., 1925- ; m. Lillian L. Watson, 
 Aug. 28, 1902; she d. May 4, 1902; m. Blanche L. Fulper, June 16, 1909; 
 children, Paul E., Leland T., Donald L.; res., Ft. Washn., Pa. 
 
 CULLEN, SILAS HARMAN, b. nr. Jefferson, Md., Oct. 14, 1875; s. J. 
 Harman and Lucinda C.; A.B.; Gbg. Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1905; lic. Md. Syn., 1904; ord. same, 1905; pastor, Reisterstown, Md., 
 1905-18; Seven Valleys, Pa, 1918- ; m. Grace Fleming Russell, Apr. 
 10, 1918; res., Seven Valleys, Pa. 
 
 FOX, JOHN T., b. Danboro, Pa., Nov. 1, 1878; s. Clinton and Anna 
 
 (Riley) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1905; lic. E. Pa. 
 Syn., 1904; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1905; pastor, Dillsburg, Pa., 1905-07; 
 Oberlin, 1907-09; E. Pgh. Pa., 1910-12; Conshohocken, Pa., 1912-24; 
 Coatesville, Pa., 1924- ; actg. Summerhill, Pa., 1909-10; m. Minnie 
 F. Groff, Feb. 28, 1906; children, Luther M., Dorothy E., Elizabeth; 
 res., Coatesville, Pa. 
 
 HENRY, LUTHER EUGENE, b. Blain, Pa., Apr. 18, 1877; s. Wm. D. and 
 Elizabeth (Rowe) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1905; 
 lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1905; pastor, Lebanon Chge., 
 York Co., Pa., 1905-14; Penbrook, Pa., 1914-24; m. Lulu Teressa Pryor, 
 Sept. 6, 1905; s., Paul E.; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 543 
 
1902 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 HIGHTMAN, FREDERICK ARNOLD, b. Burkittsville, Md., Jan. 10, 1876; 
 s. Martin L. and Lovetta (Arnold) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; B.D., 
 Gbg. Sem., 1905; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1905; pastor, Avonmore, Pa., 1905-08; 
 Epiphany, Balto., 1908- ; unmarried; res., Balto. 
 
 KOSER, JOHN GELWICKS, b. Riegelsville, Pa., Mar. 12, 1881; s. David 
 and Rachel (Gelwicks) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. Col. 
 1905; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. Md. Syd., 1905; pastor, Eglon, W. 
 Va., 1905-07; Freeport, Pa., 1907-11; Carnegie, Pa., 1912-14; Leiters- 
 burg, Md., 1914-23; Glade, Pa. 1923- ; m. Lula May Little, Oct. 18, 
 1905; children, John T., Chas. G., Wm. A.; res., Glade, Pa. 
 
 MARTIN, DAVID SYLVESTER, b. Hanover, Pa., Nov. 8, 1880; s. David 
 F. and Mary J. (Nonemaker) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; A.M., same, 
 1907; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1905; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. same, 1905; 
 pastor, New Freedom, Pa., 1905-12; Hallam, Pa., 1912-17; St. Paul’s, 
 New Cumberland, Pa., 1917-21; Grace, York, Pa. 1921- ; m. Mary 
 Sidney Byers, June 17, 1908; s. Richard B.; res., York, Pa. 
 
 NEY, WILLIAM CRAMP, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Apr. 8, 1879; s. Solomon 
 and Laura (Cramp) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1905; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. Md. Syn., 1905; pastor, Keyser, W. Va, 
 1905-06; Elkins, W. Va., 1906-10; Newport, Pa., 1910-20; Brookline, Pa., 
 1920- ; m. Elsie Baker, June 12, 1907; children, Florence E., Wm. L.; 
 she d. July 2, 1918; m. Mrs. May K. L. Charlton, Mar. 30, 1921; res., 
 Brookline, Pa. 
 
 NICELY, GEORGE WASHINGTON, b. Dewart, Pa. Feb. 13, 1877; s. 
 John F. and Mary E. (Hartranft) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; B.D., 
 Gbg. Sem., 1905; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1921; ord. Sus. Syn., 1905; pastor, 
 Zion, Newville, Pa., 1905-08; St. Matt., Reading, Pa., 1909-12; St. 
 Mark’s, Hanover, Pa., 1912-25; Williamsport, Pa., 1925- ; bd. Pub. 
 1913-26; Y. M. C. A. sec., 1901-02; m. Harriet Elizabeth Weigle, Oct. 
 25, 1905; children, Danl. W., Elizabeth H.; res., Williamsport, Pa. 
 
 NULL, ARTHUR GARFIELD, b. Carroll Co., Md., May 20, 1880; s. Jacob 
 and Emily (Myers) N.; A.B., W. Md. Col., 1901; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1905; lic. Md. Syn., 1904; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1905; pastor, Pikeland, Pa., 
 1905-07; Fairmount, W. Va., 1907-08; Jefferson, 1908-14; Petersburg, 
 Pa.; 1914-17; Ellicott City, 1917-21; Ascension, Balto. 1921- ; m. 
 Zelma Irene Eckard, June 7, 1905; children, Wm. A., Ruth M., Hannah 
 L.; res., Balto. 
 
 544 
 
ALUMNI 1902 
 
 NULL, THURLOW WASHBURN, b. Taneytown, Md., Nov. 13, 1877; s. 
 Francis C. and Laura (Bollinger) N.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1905; stud. 
 Johns Hop. U., 1 yr.; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1905; pastor, Manchester, Pa., 
 1905-07; entered ministry Episc. Ch., 1907; rector, Eagles Mere, Pa., 
 1907-09; Steelton, Pa., 1909-10; Fostoria, O., 1910-15; Calumet, Mich., 
 1915-20; Gbg., Pa., 1920-24; m. Anna Belle Witherow, Sept. 28, 1905; 
 children, Francis W., Amelia V., Cleveland L., Donald W.; res., Taney- 
 town, Md. 
 
 POFFENBARGER, REESE SAINT CLAIR, b. Rohersville, Md., Mar. 6, 
 1880; s. Wm. and Marion (Barnes) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; B.D., 
 Gbg. Sem., 1905; lic. Md. Syn., 1904; ord. same, 1905; pastor, Woods- 
 boro, Md., 1905-17; Glade, Pa., 1921-22; Lovettsville, Va., 1922-25; 
 Marietta, Pa., 1926- ; supply, Braddock, Md., 1918-21; farming, 1918- 
 21; m. Nannie F. McCoy, June 7, 1905; children, Hypathia, Hannah, 
 Wilhelmina, Nancy; she d. July 25, 1915; m. Maude E. Albaugh, Mar. 
 6, 1916; children, Reese, Jeannette; res., Marietta, Pa. 
 
 REIMER, WILLIAM H. W., b. Stone Church, Pa., Jan. 21, 1880; s. John 
 D. and Josephine (Klein) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1905; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. N. Y. and N. J. Syn., 1905; pastor, 
 Christ, Trenton, N. J., 1905-07; Trinity, Newark, N. J., 1907-17; St. 
 John’s, Hudson, N. Y., 1917-22; St. Mark’s, Trenton, N. J., 1922-24; 
 Holy Trinity, Camden, N. J., 1924- ; m. Tina Fexa, Aug. 5, 1914; 
 children, Wm. J., Doris J.; res., Camden, N. J. 
 
 ROSE, HENRY CALHOUN, b. Centerville, Pa., Jan. 25, 1877; s. Wm. H. 
 and Elizabeth (Deremer) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; A.M., same, 1905; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1905; lic. Al. Syn., 1904; ord. same, 1905; pastor, Sax- 
 ton, Pa., 1905-10; Trinity, Johnstown, Pa., 1910-13; Lewisburg, Pa., 
 1913-19; m. Emma Leora Esken, June 28, 1906; children, Margaret E., 
 Helen E.; rt. ord. papers, 1919. 
 
 RUBY, EDWARD CLAYTON, b. E. Prospect, Pa., Oct. 14, 1868; s. Bar- 
 nabas and Malinda (Stahley) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; B.D., Gbg. 
 Sem., 1905; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. same, 1905; asst. St. Matt., 
 Hanover, Pa., 1905-06; pastor, Stone Church, Pa., 1906-08; St. Matt., 
 Allentown, Pa., 1908-13; St. Paul’s, Camden, N. J., 1913-16; St. Peter’s, 
 York, Pa., 1916- ; m. Carrie Adora Bailey, Nov. 9, 1893; children, 
 Myrtle B., Naomi B.; res., York, Pa. 
 
 RUDISILL, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Adams Co., Pa., June 18, 1860; s. 
 Emanuel and Leah (Spangler) R.; Gbg. Sem., 1902-05; entered U. B. 
 min.; pastor, New Paris, Pa., 1906-08; Sabillasville, Md., 1908-10; sup- 
 
 545 
 
1903 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 ply, 1910-17; ord. Md. Syn., 1918; pastor, Gerrardstown, W. Va., 1917- 
 21; Upper Frankford, Pa., 1921-23; rt. 1923; m. Addie Young, Jan. 10, 
 1893; children, Ruth A., Esther C. L. 
 
 SHARP, MENNO SMITH, b. Brickerville, Pa., Apr. 27, 1877; s. Isaac and 
 Fianna (Smith) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1905; lic. 
 -E. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. Md. Syn., 1905; pastor, Funkstown, Md., 1905- 
 07; Martinsburg, Pa., 1908-11; Enola, Pa. 1911- ; m. Lillian Pearl 
 Rhodes, 1905; children, Virginia P., Anna M., Ruth J., Naomi M.; res., 
 Enola, Pa. 
 
 WADE, WILLIAM ARTHUR, b. Willis, Va., Nov. 4, 1879; s. Peyton and 
 Susan W.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1902; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1905; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1904; ord. Md. Syn., 1905; pastor, Westernport, Md., 1905-09; 
 Lionville, Pa., 1909-12; St. Mark’s, Washn., 1912-18; Holy Comforter, 
 Balto., 1917- ; m. Ursula Cotta Richard, Aug. 2, 1905; res., Balto. 
 
 WITMAN, PAUL DANIEL, b. Landingville, Pa, Jan. 14, 1880; s. Robt. 
 and Katharine (Freeman) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1903; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1905; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1904; ord. same, 1905; pastor, Betheden, Phila., 
 1905-07; Annville, Pa., 1907-17; St. Jas., Lebanon, Pa., 1917-23; Chap- 
 lain, Ist It., U. S. A., 1917-19, in France 8 mos.; m. Jennie Shepherd, 1904; 
 children, Shepherd L., Horace L.; res., Douglasville, Pa. 
 
 1903 
 
 CARNEY, WILLIAM HARRISON BRUCE, b. Strodes Mills, Pa. May 5, 
 1870; s. Francis G. and Mary E. (Baer) C.; Millersville State Nor. 
 Sch., 1891-93; teaching, 1893-95; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1899; stud. and trav. 
 in Europe, 1899-1901; Sus. U. Theo., 1901-03; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1904; 
 D.D., Sus. U., 1919; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1903; ord. same, 1904; pastor, 
 Garrett, Pa., 1904-18; Trinity, DuBois, Pa., 1918-20; Trinity, Bedford, 
 Pa., 1920-25; prof., Hart. Sem., 1925- ; Inner Miss. Bd. U. L. C, 
 1919-21; dir., Gbg. Sem. 1919- ; author, Hist. Al. Syn., 1919; m. 
 Lydia V. Hay, Apr. 28, 1915; children, Bruce H., Paul L., Mark G.,, 
 Lydia L., Mary H.; res., Bedford, Pa. 
 
 HAY, EDWARD BUCHANAN, b. Pottsville, Pa. June 24, 1881; s. Ed. Grier 
 and Laura (Buchanan) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1903; Gbg. Sem., 1903-04; 
 prop. Adirondack Art Store and Children’s Shop, Saranac Lake, N. Y.; 
 m. Ida Freas Smith, May 6, 1909; dau., Eleanor E. 
 
 HERSH, WILLIAM FRANK, b. Pennsburg, Pa., Sept. 26, 1880; s. Wm. 
 and Christianna (Cramer) H.; grad. Perkiomen Sem., 1900; A.B., Gbg. 
 
 546 
 
ALUMNI 1904 
 
 Col., 1903; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1906; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1907; ord. E. Pa. 
 Syn., 1906; pastor, White Marsh, Pa., 1906-12; Westminster, 1912-16; 
 Buffalo, N. Y., 1916-23; Saugerties, N. Y., 1923- ; ed. Kutztown Pa- 
 triot, 1922-23; m. Deborah Hottenstein, Oct. 17, 1906; res., Saugerties, 
 NAY. 
 
 MANN, WILBUR CHEM, s. L. A. M.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1903; Gbg. 
 Sem., 1903-04; stud. theo. with his father; lic. Md. Syn., 1906; ord. same, 
 1907; pastor, Donora, Pa., 1907-09; Emsworth, Pa., 1909- ; res., Ems- 
 worth, Pa. 
 
 MUMFORD, EDGAR CARLTON, b. Nov. 12, 1878; s. Jno. W. and Susan 
 (Cochran) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1903; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1906; lic. Md. 
 Syn., 1905; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1906; pastor, Grace, Trenton, N. J., 1906- 
 07; St. Jnos., Littlestown, Pa., 1907-10; Mt. Union, Pa., 1910-16; Mes- 
 siah, Balto., 1916-21; Ellicott City, Md, 1921- ; m. Merry Maude 
 Beard, Apr. 29, 1908; children, Karl L., Jno., D., Paul J., Lois K.; res., 
 Ellicott City, Md. 
 
 RINARD, HERBERT ADRON, b. Breezewood, Pa., Sept. 19, 1878; s. 
 Henry and Laura (Woy) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1903; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1906; A.M., U. of Pa., 1913; lic. Al. Syn., 1905; ord. same, 1906; pas- 
 tor, Leetonia, O., 1906-09; St. Mark’s, Pgh., Pa., 1914-17; Freeport, Pa., 
 1919-20; Y. M. C. A. sec. and registrar, Gbg. Col., 1909-11; asst. head- 
 master, Perkiomen Sch., 1911-12; 322 F. A., USA, 1917-19, Meuse Ar- 
 gonne; chaplain, 28th U. S. Inf., 1920- ; m. Marie Elizabeth Rentz, 
 June 14, 1923. 
 
 WEIMER, DAVID SPARKS, b. Clearville, Pa., Sept. 1, 1866; s. Wilson 
 and Sophia (Grove) W.; B.E., C. V. S. N. S., 1894; A.B., Gbg. Col. 
 1903; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1906; lic. Al. Syn., 1905; ord. same, 1906; pas- 
 tor, Glade, Pa., 1906-09; Liberty Valley, Pa., 1910-12; South Fork, Pa., 
 1912-14; Beachville, Pa., 1914-16; Kimberton, Pa., 1916-17; Lebanon, 
 Pa., 1917-19; Boiling Springs, Pa., 1919-20; Trevorton, Pa. 1920- ; 
 m. Elizabeth Means, Sept. 14, 1892; children, Ellis F., Harry P., Del R., 
 H. Sophia, Alta F., Erma L., Jos. M.; res., Trevorton, Pa. 
 
 1904 
 
 BARKLEY, WILLIAM WALLACE, b. Imler, Pa., Aug. 27, 1878; s. Jacob 
 and Sue (Beegle) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1907; 
 lic. Al. Syn., 1906; ord. C. Ill., 1907; pastor, Reen Mem., St. Louis, 
 Mo., 1907-10; First, Murphysboro, IIll., 1910-14; Fairfield, Ia., 1914-16; 
 
 547 . 
 
1904 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Fourth, Altoona, Pa., 1916-21; St. Jas., Gloversville, N. Y., 1921- ; m. 
 Marjorie Louise Miller, Aug. 1, 1907; children, Donald, Robt., Danl. 
 L.; Wm. W.; res., Gloversville, N. Y. 
 
 BERWAGER, F. HAMPTON, b. Melrose, Md., Aug. 2, 1876; s. Geo. and 
 Mary (Starner) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1907; ord. same, 1908; pastor, Bayonne, N. J., 1907- ; 
 m. Minnie Brands, June 30, 1914; res., Bayonne, N. J. 
 
 BIEBER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, b. Sept. 11, 1877; s. Elias and Sarah 
 F, (Martin) B.; Sus. U., 1896-99; A.B., Bucknell U., 1902; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1907; ord. Sus. Syn., 1907; pastor, Penn’s Valley, Pa., 1907-11; 
 Buffalo Valley, Pa., 1911-19; Muncy, Pa. 1919-; m. Elizabeth Lowry 
 Vincent, Aug. 20, 1907; dau., Lauraette F.; res., Muncy, Pa. 
 
 DIEHL, JACOB, b. Greencastle, Pa., Feb. 20, 1884; s. Jno. L. and Ellen 
 (Kuhn) O.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1903; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; Leipsic U., 
 1908-09; D.D., Carthage Col., 1920; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1906; ord. C. Pa. 
 Syn., 1910; pastor, Lock Haven, Pa., 1909-15; Trinity, Carthage, IIl., 
 1915-22; Trinity, Selinsgrove, Pa., 1924- ; prof., Carthage Col., 1919- 
 22; prof., Sus. U., 1924- ; chaplain, U. S. A., 1918-19; m. Sara M. 
 Klapp, Apr. 22, 1914; children, Dorothea P., Sara M., Wm. A.; res., 
 Selinsgrove, Pa. 
 
 DIEHL, JOHN MACLAY, b. Cashtown, Pa., Dec. 25, 1880; s. James F. 
 and Arabella E. (Pomeroy) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; Gbg. Sem., 1904- 
 05; grad. Princeton Sem., 1908; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1908; ord. Presby. Ch., 
 1908; pastor, McConnellsburg, Pa., 1909-13; Welsh Run, Pa., 1913-19; 
 E. Liverpool, O., 1919-21; m. Jennette Clarissa Pond, Sept. 16, 1910; 
 children, Kathryn P., Judson P., Miriam; d. Mar. 30, 1921. 
 
 FROEHLICH, PAUL, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Jan. 12, 1882; s. Jno. and Chris- 
 tiana (Miller) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; lic. 
 E. Pa. Syn., 1906; ord. same, 1907; pastor, Bainbridge, Pa., 1907-08; 
 Grace, Pgh. Pa., 1908-09; Gordon, Pa. 1910-13; Y. M. C. A. sec, 
 Lancaster, Pa., 1909-10; U. S. Dept. Agriculture, 1913- ; m. Nellie 
 McKnight Hay, Oct. 8, 1907; children, Eleanor H., Sarah J., she d. 
 May 21, 1918; m. Carrie M. French, Sept. 3, 1919; res., Washn. 
 
 GENTZLER, JOSAVER WINFIELD, b. Nov. 29, 1878; s. Israel and Susan 
 (Myers) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1906; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1907; pastor, Vandergrift, Pa. 1907-09; 
 Oswego, N. Y., 1909-10; Middletown, Md., 1910-14; Landisville, Pa., 
 
 548 
 
ALUMNI 1904 
 
 1914-19; Trenton, N. J., 1919- ; m. Helena Grace Witman, May 21, 
 1907; children, Mildred M., Irene L.; res., Trenton, N. J. 
 
 GLADFELTER, PAUL, b. Glen Rock, Pa., Jan. 16, 1882; s. Henry and 
 Amanda (Caslow) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1906; ord. same, 1907; pastor, Green Hill, Pa., 1907- 
 10; York Springs, Pa., 1910-20; Abbottstown, Pa., 1920- ; m,. Amy 
 Blanche Bailey, June 18, 1907; dau., Marguerite R.; res., Abbottstown, 
 Pa. 
 
 HINES, CHARLES J., b. Balto., Sept. 1, 1883; s. Henry C. and Ella (Bay- 
 lies) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; lic. Md. Syn., 
 1906; ord. same, 1907; pastor, Huntington, W. Va., 1908-10; Burkitts- 
 ville, Md., 1910-14; Emmanuel, Balto., 1914- ; m. Adrienne Burns, 
 Oct. 20, 1908; children, Adrienne, Virginia, L.; res., Balto. 
 
 LIVERS, RALPH WALLACE, b. Waterville, Kans., Mar. 5, 1881; s. Jos. 
 B. and Mary E. (Winkelbleck) L.; A.B., Midland Col., 1903; grad. 
 Western Sem., 1906; Gbg. Sem., 1904-05; ord. Neb. Syn., 1906; pastor, 
 St. Luke’s, Omaha, Neb., 1906-10; Gypsum Col., 1910-16; Hardy, Neb., 
 1916-20; Hooper, Neb., 1920- ; m. Nellie May Young, Aug. 30, 1906; 
 children, Wallace S., Ruth E., Harold A.; res., Hooper, Neb. 
 
 SHARP, H. HALL, b. Schaefferstown, Pa., Nov. 19, 1882; s. Harry and 
 Kate (Fernsier) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; lic. 
 E. Pa. Syn., 1906; ord. same, 1907; pastor, Tremont, Pa., 1907-10; 
 Highspire, Pa., 1910-12; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1912-20; St. Luke’s, Cum- 
 berland, Md., 1920- ; prof., Irving Col., 1917-19; m. Mary Matilda 
 Martin, Oct. 16, 1907; s. Martin B.; res., Cumberland, Md. 
 
 STERNAT, FREDERICK CHARLES JOSEPH, b. Vienna, Austria, Mar. 
 29, 1881; s. Frank and Marie (Kotta) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; A.M., 
 
 ~ same, 1907; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; lic. Md. Syn., 1906; ord. E. Pa. 
 Syn., 1907; pastor, Palmyra, Pa., 1907-11; Abbottstown, Pa., 1911-20; 
 Millersburg, Pa., 1920- ; m. Mary Elizabeth Apel, July 10, 1907; chil- 
 dren, Naomi E., Theodore M.; res., Millersburg, Pa. 
 
 TROSTLE, IRA WASHINGTON, b. Arendtsville, Pa., Feb. 28, 1881; s. 
 Hiram and Hannah (Bream) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1907; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1906; ord. same, 1907; pastor, Dillsburg, Pa., 
 1907-13; Pgh., Pa., 1913-16; Berrien Springs, Mich., 1916-18; Chgo., Ill, 
 1918-25; Upper Bermudian, Pa., 1925- ; m. Ella Jane Weidner, May 21, 
 1907; children, Mary E., Hiram W., Ira W.; res., Idaville, Pa. 
 
 549 
 
1905 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 WEISER, CHARLES WESLEY, b. Millheim, Pa., July 29, 1877; s. Benj. 
 and Barbara (Smith) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1901; A.M., same, 1906; Gbg. 
 Sem., 1904-06; lic. Calif. Syn., 1908; ord. same, 1909; pastor, Pasadena, 
 Calif., 1908-11; left min., 1911; P. O. Clerk, Pasadena, Calif., 1912- ; 
 united with Episc. Ch.; m. Clara Helena Ten Haeff, Nov. 26, 1912; res., 
 Pasadena, Calif. ; 
 
 WENTZ, ABDEL ROSS. See Faculty, page 338. 
 
 4 
 
 WOLF, NORMAN SAMUEL, b. Abbottstown, Pa., Jan. 14, 1881; s. Lewis 
 
 and Lydia (Reynolds) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 
 1907; D.D., Susq. Univ., 1925; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1906; ord. same, 1907; 
 
 pastor, Shrewsbury, Pa., 1907-11; Dayton, O., 1911-13; Reading, Pa., 
 
 1913-14; Stony Creek, Pa., 1914-17; Bloomsburg, Pa., 1917- ; m. Mary 
 Estella Tawney, June 12, 1907; 3 children; res., Bloomsburg, Pa. 
 
 WOODS, OSCAR, b. Oct. 15, 1872; s. Lebbens B. and Mary E. (Mor- 
 rison) W.; A.B., Midland Col., 1903; Western Sem., 1903-04; Gbg. Sem., 
 1904-05; lic. R. M. Syn., 1905; ord. same, 1906; pastor, Laramie, Wyo., 
 1905-10; Auburn, Neb., 1910-11; Oshkosh, Neb., 1911-13; Aurora, W. 
 Va., 1913-15; Cookport, Pa., 1915-17; Westmoreland, Pa., 1917-21; 
 Elderton, Pa., 1921- ; m. Frederica Maria Christina Prahl, Aug. 15, 
 1907; children, John O., Luther M., Mary E., Clara C., Virginia F.; 
 res., Elderton, Pa. 
 
 1905 
 
 BICKEL, HARVEY, b. Place, Pa., Nov. 29, 1877; s. Simon and Barbara 
 (Flagler) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1905; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1908; lic. E. Pa. 
 Syn., 1907; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1908; pastor, Upper Bermudian, Pa., 1908- 
 11; St. Andrew’s, Phila., 1911-13; Lockport, N. Y., 1913-15; Stone 
 Church, Pa., 1915-22; New Franklin, Pa., 1922- ; m. Ivah Croll Rohr- 
 bach, June 27, 1911; res., Chambersburg, Pa. 
 
 BUTLER, CLARENCE EDWIN, b. Ursina, Pa, Apr. 7, 1880; s. Frank 
 and Frances (Brooks) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1905; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1908; 
 lic. Al. Syn., 1907; ord. Ia. Syn., 1908; pastor, Webster City, Ia., 1908-12; 
 Des. Moines, Ia., 1912-15; Huntington, W. Va., 1915- ; m. Clara L. 
 Myers, Oct. 14, 1908; dau., Martha M.; res., Huntington, W. Va. 
 
 COFFELT, HARRY FRANKLIN, b. Woodstock, Va., Dec. 30, 1879; s. 
 Benj. and Isa V. (Swartz) C.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1905; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1908; lic. Md. Syn., 1908; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1909; pastor, Pen- 
 Mar Chge., 1908- ; unmarried; res., Rouzerville, Pa. 
 
 550 
 
ALUMNI 1905 
 
 GRUBB, JOEL EMORY, b. Perry Valley, Pa. July 18, 1880; s. Alfred 
 and Sarah (Orner) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1905; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1908; 
 lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1907; ord. same, 1908; pastor, New Kingston, 1908-12; 
 Gloversville, 1912-16; 2nd, Balto., 1916- ; m. Hettie A. Jones, June 16, 
 1909; s. Paul J.; res., Balto. 
 
 HAMSHER, MERVIN ROY, b. Fayetteville, Pa. Oct. 3, 1882; s. Oliver C. 
 and Clara (Hoffman) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1905; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1908; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1907; ord. same, 1908; pastor, Avonmore, Pa., 1908-10; 
 St. Jas., Pgh., Pa., 1910-13; Emmanuel, W. Etna, Pa., 1913-14; St. Matt., 
 York, Pa., 1914-23; Reisterstown, Md., 1921-23; Trinity, Mechanicsburg, 
 Pa., 1923- ; teaching, Richwood, O., 1904-05; m. Eleanor Wertz Miller, 
 June 23, 1909; children, Carl M., Paul O.; she d. Feb. 4, 1920; res., Me- 
 chanicsburg, Pa. 
 
 HARMS, JOHN EDWARD, b. Savannah, Ga., May 19, 1885; s. Claus and 
 Elizabeth (Brucker) H.; Newberry Col., 1901-03; Lenoir Col., 1904; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1908; D.D., Sus. U., 1919; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1907; ord. 
 “same, 1908; pastor, Mercersburg, Pa., 1908-11; St. Matt., York, Pa., 
 1911-14; Ist, Dayton, O., 1914-17; St. Jnos., Hagerstown, Md., 1917- ; 
 m. Helen Cleveland Orcutt, Sept. 30, 1908; children, Jane E., John E.; 
 res.. Hagerstown, Md. 
 
 HEATHCOTE, CHARLES WILLIAM, b. Glen Rock, Pa., Apr. 19, 1882; 
 s. Wm. T. and Eva A. (Frey) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1905; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1908; S.T.D., Temple U., 1911; U. of Pa., 1912-16; A.M., U. of 
 Pa., 1913; Ph.D., Geo. Washn. U., 1918; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1907; ord. 
 same, 1908; pastor, 2nd, Chambersburg, Pa., 1908-11; Bethel, Phila., 
 1911-15; tutor, Gbg. Col., 1905-06; prof., York Co. Acad., 1906-07; 
 prof., Temple U., 1912-22; prof., Beechwood Col., 1916-22; prof., West 
 Chester State Nor. Sch., 1922- ; entered Min. of Presby. Ch., 1923; as- 
 soc. ed. Luth. Evan., 1909-10; ed. S. S. Herald, 1914-15; author, The 
 75th. Yr., 1911: Essentials Rel. Ed., 1916: Luth. Ch. and the Civil War, 
 1919: Pilgrimage to Oberammergau, 1922: A Son of the Morning, 1923: 
 Outlines of Mod. Govts., 1923: Battle of the Brandywine, 1923: Es- 
 
 _ sentials of Economics, 1924: The Story of Valley Forge, 1924; pres., Col- 
 wyn Sch. Bd., 1912-22; Fel. Royal Hist. Soc. Eng.; Am. Hist. Soc.; dir. 
 Council Chester Co. Hist. Soc.; m. Emma Grace Bair, June 16, 1909; 
 ‘children, Eva B., Chas. W.; res., West Chester, Pa. 
 
 LAYMAN, FRANK, b. nr. Greencastle, Pa., Feb. 21, 1879; s. G. W. L.; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1904; Gbg. Sem., 1905-06; Harvard U., 1906-07; with 
 Al. Ckg. Ut. Co., 1904-05, 1907-08; LL.B., Ore. U., 1911; atty., Portland, 
 Ore., 1911- ; m. Bessie M. Drais, June 22, 1909; children, Geo. H., 
 Earl D. 
 
 551 
 
1906 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 STROCK, JOHN ROY, b. nr. Allen P. O., Pa., June 8, 1882; s. Geo. W. 
 and Barbara (Herman) S.; A.B., Dickinson Col., 1903; A.M., same, 
 1908; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1908; Columbia U., 1917; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1925; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1907; ord. same, 1908; miss. to India, 1908- ; mem- 
 ber numerous bds. and coms.; prof., Perkiomen Sch., 1903-05; prof., 
 Guntur Col., 1909-13; prin., same, 1913-16, 1919-22; prin., Noble Col., 
 1924- ; to be pres. Andhra Col.; m. Elizabeth M. Evans, Nov. 9, 1911. 
 
 SWANK, CALVIN PETER, b. Elysburg, Pa., Apr. 26, 1880; s. Clarence 
 and Esther (Persing) S.; A.B., Sus. U., 1904; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1907; 
 A.M., Sus. U., 1908; Temple U., 1921; ord. Sus. Syn., 1907; pastor, 
 Highspire, Pa., 1907-09; Camden, N. J., 1910-21; Muhlenberg Mem., 
 Phila., 1921- ; m. Margaret Catharine Rothrock, Apr. 23, 1908; s. Paul 
 R.; res., Phila. 
 
 WAGNER, HARRY ORISTUS, b. Union Deposit, Pa., Apr. 5, 1880; s. 
 John S. and Louisa (Gensler) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1905; Gbg. Sem., 
 1905-07; d. Oct. 21, 1907. 
 
 WALTER, ISAAC E. A.B., Gbg. Col., 1905; Gbg. Sem., 1905-06; res., 
 unknown. 
 
 WHITMOYER, CLAY S., b. June 11, 1878; s. Richard and Mary (Shoe- 
 maker) W.; grad. Bloomsburg State Nor. Sch., 1900; A.B., Sus. U., 
 1905; Gbg. Sem., 1905-07; d. Mar. 8, 1907. 
 
 1906 
 
 BLANK, JONAS SAHNER, b. Greensburg, Pa., June 4, 1883; s. Frank 
 A. and Mary A. (Welsh) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1906; A.M., Gbg. Col., 
 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1909; lic. Al. Syn., Sept. 27, 1908; ord. W. Penn. 
 Syn., Oct. 13, 1909; pastor, York Haven, Pa., 1909-10; Detroit, Mich., 
 1911-16; Louisville, Ky., 1916-17; Cincinnati, O., 1917-23; Toledo, O., 
 1924- ; sect. of Brotherhood, 1923-24; m. Olive Clara Keil, Nov. 25, 
 1908; children, Franklin K., Martha J., Edna E.; res., Toledo, O. 
 
 BRILLHART, HYLAS CLYDE, b. nr. Glen Rock, Pa. Aug. 3, 1880; s. 
 Noah S. and Isabella (Diehl) B.; tchg., 1896-1901; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1906; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1909; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1908; ord. E. O. Syn., 1910; 
 pastor, Leetonia, O., 1909- ; m. Lena Belle Weaver, Jan. 1, 1914; daw. 
 Margaret I.; res., Leetonia, O. 
 
 DUNKELBERGER, R. M., b. New Bloomfield, Pa. Aug. 25, 1884; s. 
 Josiah and Jane (Dumm) D.; A.B., Dickinson Col., 1906; grad. Gbg. 
 
 552 
 
ALUMNI 1907 
 
 Sem., 1909; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1908; ord. same, 1909; miss. to India, 
 1909- ; m. Amy Strauss Aberly, Feb’ 22, 1911; children, Harold A., 
 Dorothy J.; res., India. 
 
 GEESEY, MALVIN DALE, b. York, Pa., Apr. 24, 1884; s. Fred. S. and 
 Matilda (Ness) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1906; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1909; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1908; ord. same, 1909; pastor, Aaronsburg, Pa., 1909-17; 
 3rd., Louisville, Ky., 1917-21; Zion, N. Manchester, Ind. 1921- ; m. 
 Jennie May Bailey, May 18, 1910; res., North Manchester, Ind. 
 
 KELLER, EDWARD LEVI, b. Salona, Pa., Nov. 12, 1884; s. Chas. E. 
 and Lucy (Zea) K.; A.B., Wit. Col., 1906; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1909; hon. 
 Ph.D.; lic. Al. Syn., 1908; ord. same, 1909; pastor, Johnstown, Pa., 1909- 
 14; Ist., Syracuse, N. Y., 1914- ; m. Mary B. Hileman, Mar. 14 1910; 
 children, Miriam C., Robt. E.; res., Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 SNYDER, HENRY WILLIAM, b. Balto., Aug. 30, 1883; s. Henry T. and 
 Justina (Ulrich) S.; grad. Balto. City Col., 1903; A.B., Johns Hopkins 
 U., 1906; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1909; D.D., Gbg. Col., 1923; lic. Md. Syn., 
 1908; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1909; pastor, St. Thomas, Pa., 1909-11; Mer- 
 cersburg, Pa., 1911-15; Shippensburg, Pa., 1915-18; 1st., Johnstown, Pa., 
 1918- ; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1919- ; m. Dorothea A. Heitmueller, Oct. 20, 
 1909; children, Luther H., Wm. U., Henry W.; res. Johnstown, Pa. 
 
 SUNDAY, ORIE EDWARD, b. Pa. Furnace, Pa., Feb. 1, 1882; s. Emanuel 
 and Lydia (Gates) S.; A.B., Sus. U., 1906; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1909; lic. 
 C. Pa. Syn., 1908; ord. same, 1909; pastor, Espy, Pa., 1909-16; Mon- 
 toursville, Pa., 1916- ; m. Anna Mary Beaver, Aug. 12, 1909; children, 
 Harold B., Ralph T., Ora J.; res., Montoursville, Pa. 
 
 1907 
 ARNOLD, CLARENCE EUGENE, b. York, Pa., Apr. 13, 1886; s. Eli and 
 Anna K. (Reever) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1910; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1909; ord. Md. Syn., 1910; pastor, Concordia, Balto., 1910- 
 12; W. Berwick, Pa., 1912-17; Trinity, York, Pa., 1917-25; Bellefonte, 
 Pa., 1925- ; m. Annie Irene Bringman, June 28, 1910; children, Luther 
 B., David E.; res., Bellefonte, Pa. 
 
 BARNETT, CHARLES WALDO, b. Jefferson Co., Pa., Oct. 30, 1876; s. 
 Danl. K. and Rachel (Shaffer) B.; A.B., Sus. U., 1907; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1910; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1909; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1910; pastor, Chicora, 
 Pa., 1910-17; Bethel, Pgh., Pa., 1917-22; St. Peter’s, Evans City, Pa., 
 
 553 
 
1907 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1922-24; Franklin Road, Pa., 1924- ; m. May Swarts, May 21, 1910; 
 children, Chas. W., Margaret E.; res., Franklin Road, Pa. 
 
 BONNELL, WALTER SCOTT, b. Glen Gardner, N. J., Aug. 29, 1879; s. 
 Augustus and Mary (Martenis) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1905; Western 
 Sem., 1905-06; Union Sem., 1906-07; Columbia U., 1906-07; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1908; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1908; pastor, Boiling Springs, Pa., 1908- 
 10; Stapleton, N. Y., 1910-12; Trenton, N. J., 1912-17; Fairfield, Pa., 
 1917-20; Springdale, Pa., 1920-22; Smicksburg, Pa., 1923- ; m. Alice 
 A. Camera, Oct. 30, 1917; children, Walter S., John B.; res., Smicks- 
 burg, Pa. 
 
 BOYER, EDWIN BUTLER, b. Accident, Md., Nov. 3, 1883; s. Aaron B.; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1910; lic. Md. Syn., 1909; ord. 
 Al. Syn., 1910; pastor, Confluence, Pa., 1910-16; E. Carnegie, Pa., 1916- 
 20; Avonmore, Pa., 1920- ; m. Mabel Scott, 1916; res., Avonmore, Pa. 
 
 FLECK, WILLIAM KEELER, b. New Kingston, Pa., July 20, 1885; s. 
 Henry R. and Anna (French) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1910; lic. Al. Syn., 1909; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1910; pastor, Fair- 
 field, Pa., 1910-17; Littlestown, Pa., 1917-18; Lititz, Pa., 1918-21; Cam- 
 den, N. J., 1921-24; Daretown (Presby.), 1924- ; united with Presby. 
 Ch., 1924; m. Mary Sheads, June 1, 1910; children, Murray H., Wm. Y.; 
 res., Daretown. 
 
 FRY, GEORGE ARTHUR, b. Orwigsburg, Pa. June 23, 1878; s. Aaron 
 and Sallie (Rickson) F.; B.D., Temple U., 1907; grad. Ggb. Sem., 1908; 
 D.D., Sus. U., 1923; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1907; ord. same, 1908; pastor, St. 
 John’s, Maytown, Pa., 1908-13; St. Luke’s, Pgh., Pa., 1913- ; trustee, 
 Thiel Col.; m. Elva Bair, June 7, 1911; dau. Elizabeth B.; res., Pgh., Pa. 
 
 HAYS, CLIFFORD ELVIN, b. Hagerstown, Md., Apr. 21, 1885; s. Ira W. 
 and Flora (Householder) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1910; lic. Md. Syn., 1909; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1910; pastor, McConnells- 
 burg, Pa., 1910-11; St. Matt. Schuylkill Haven, Pa., 1912-16; Bethel, 
 Phila., 1916-18; Luther Mem., Phila., 1919-24; asst. Temple, Phila., 
 1925- ; Y. M. C. A., 1918-19; m. Carrie Viola Martin, July 5, 1910; 
 children, June, Rose; res., Phila. 
 
 HESS, ELAM GROSS, b. Lancaster Co., Pa. Oct. 1, 1876; s. Levi and 
 Salinda (Gross) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1906; Gbg. Sem., 1 semester; 
 present, Pres. Keystone Pecan Co.; m. Marcelia Edna Farmer, Oct. 5, 
 1910; children, Richard, Donald, Marcelia E.; res., Manheim, Pa. 
 
 PARKER, GEORGE GORDON, b. Covington, Ky., Mar. 19, i881; s. 
 554 
 
ALUMNI 1908 
 
 Frank and Louisa (Robb) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1906; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1910; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1909; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1910; pastor, Cold 
 Springs, Pa., 1910-12; Grace, Dayton, O., 1912-13; Irving, Ill., 1913-19; 
 Ashland, Pa., 1919-21; Liberty, Ill., 1921-25; Fairfield, Iowa, 1925- ; 
 miss. to Africa, 1906-07; m. Jessie McClintock, Aug. 17, 1910; 6 chil- 
 dren; res., Fairfield, Iowa. 
 
 ROLAND, ERNEST VICTOR, b. Chapman’s Run, Pa., Dec. 7, 1879; s. 
 Hezekiah and Nancy J. (Leasure) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1910; lic. Al. Syn., 1909; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1910; pastor, Re- 
 deemer, Harrisburg, Pa., 1910-16; Grace, Butler, Pa., 1916- ; dir. Gbg. 
 Sem.; m. Nellie Zoe Snyder, June 29, 1910; children, Chas. H.; Jane E.; 
 res., Butler, Pa. 
 
 SPANGLER, HENRY REYNOLD, b. York Co., Pa., Oct. 26, 1881; s. Jno. 
 A. and Anna M. (Menges) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1910; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1909; ord. same, 1910; miss. to India, 1910-24; 
 Goldsboro, Pa., 1925- ; ed. Telugu Luth., 1917-18; m. Amy Swartz, 
 June 8, 1919; res., Goldsboro, Pa. 
 
 WEIGLE, DANIEL ELIAS, b. Littlestown, Pa., Oct. 23, 1886; s. Elias D. 
 and Hannah (Bream) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1906; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1910; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1909; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1910; asst. Messiah, Phila., 
 1910-11; pastor, same, 1911-17; dep. ord. papers with E. Pa. Syn., 1918; 
 present, Pres. Community Welfare Inc., St. Paul, Minn.; m. Drusilla 
 Jessie Nelson, Oct. 29, 1917; res., St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 1908 
 
 BELL, ALBERT DANIEL, b. Newton, Ia., Dec. 27, 1885; s. Albert 
 and Elizabeth C. (Cashman) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1911; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1910; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1911; pastor, Steelton, 
 Pa., 1911-13; Sparrows Pt., Md., 1913-16; at Ortanna, Pa., 1916-18; chap- 
 lain, 309th Machine Gun Bat., Feb.-May, 1918, and 310th Inf., May-Oct., 
 1918; overseas, May, 1918; m. Myrtle Drum, 1911; children, Albert D., 
 Mary E.; d. Oct. 13, 1918. 
 
 BERKEY, WILLIAM ALBERT, b. Somerset Co., Pa., Aug. 10, 1882; s. 
 Jeremiah and Anna C. (Fisher) B.; M.E., Ind. State Nor. Sch., 1902; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1911; A.M., U. of Chgo., 1918; 
 lic. Al. Syn., 1910; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1911; pastor, Messiah, Homestead, 
 Pa., 1911-16; Trinity, Grand Jct., Col., 1916-17; Holy Trinity, Pgh., Pa., 
 1919- ; prin., Schs. Dale., Johnstown, Pa., 1902-04; tchr., Blairsville, 
 Pa., H. S., 1904-05; m. Flora A. Gibson, June 28, 1911; children, Ruth 
 A., Richard W.; res., Pgh. Pa. 
 
 555 
 
1908 ~ HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 BOWER, HENRY MICHAEL, b. Montoursville, Pa., Feb. 15, 1886; s. 
 Wm. L. and Rosetta (Stugard) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; Gbg. Sem., 
 1908-09; grad. Sus. Sem., 1911; ord. Sus. Syn., 1911; pastor, Ft. Washn., 
 Pa., Highspire, Pa., Pine Grove, Pa., Easton, Pa., York, Pa.; m. Mary 
 Wolf, Sept. 1, 1909; children, Henry L. W.; Richard M.; res., York, Pa. 
 
 BOWERSOX, HIXON T., b. Uniontown, Md., May 18, 1889; s. Francis 
 and Rachel (Fleckinger) B.; A.B., New Windsor Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1911; D.D., Blue Ridge Col., 1923; ord. 1911; pastor, Rossville, 
 Pa., 1911-17; St. Jas., York, Pa., 1917-25; St. Paul’s, Cumberland, Md., 
 1925- ; m. Charlotte McClellan, 1911; children, Wm. D., Jeanne M.; 
 res., York, Pa. 
 
 CHAMBERLIN, EDWIN ALLAN, b. S. Williamsport, Pa., May 31, 1886; 
 s. Ed. A. and Eva R. (Steck) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1911; B.D., Mt. Airy Sem., 1920; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1910; ord. Sus. 
 Syn., 1911; pastor, Buckhorn, Pa., 1911-17; St. Peter’s, Barren Hill, 
 Pa., 1917-25; Grace, Trenton, N. J., 1926- ; served Mordansville M. E. 
 Ch., 1916-17; asst. S. S. World, 1923-24, and Augsburg Tchr., 1924; m. 
 Esther Miller Speese, Sept. 5, 1911; children, Chas. A., Esther D.; res., 
 Trenton, N. J. 
 
 DEAN, OSCAR CARLTON, b. nr. Middletown, Md., Aug. 5, 1883; s. 
 Carlton and Ara (Coblentz) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1911; lic. Md. Syn., 1910; ord. same, 1911; pastor, Accident, Md., 1911-12; 
 Trinity, Wheeling, W. Va., 1913-19; Bucyrus, O., 1919-24; St. Paul’s, 
 Hanover, Pa., 1924- ; dir. Gbg. Sem., 1918-19; m. Bertha Margaret 
 Chuck, Sept. 3, 1913; s. Paul M.; res., Hanover, Pa. 
 
 DOLLMAN, HARRY STEPHEN, b. Bloomsburg, Pa., Aug. 19, 1879; s. 
 Frank and Savella (Crawford) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1911; ord. Sus. Syn., 1911; pastor, Worthington, Pa., 1911-12; 
 Pine Grove, Pa., 1912- ; Ist. It., Co. G, 4th. Pa. Inf., 1914-17; chap- 
 lain (capt.), 28th Div., U. S. A., 1917-19; m. Lou Ethel Shearer, Oct. 19, 
 1912; children, Stephen, David, John; res., Pine Grove, Pa. 
 
 ELY, GEORGE B., b. Hegins, Pa., Apr. 13, 1879; s. Geo. A. and Caroline 
 (Hoch) E.; Millersville and Kutztown State Nor. Schs.; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1914; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1914; pastor, Tur- 
 botville, Pa., 1914-23; Arendtsville, Pa., 1923- ; m. Caroline V. Hoy, 
 June, 1912; children, Dorothy, Louise, Geo.; res., Arendtsville, Pa. 
 
 FISHER, FRANK PALMER, b. near Milesburg, Pa, Aug. 15, 1880; s. 
 Jas. J. and Margaret (Glossner) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad: Ghg. 
 
 556 
 
ALUMNI 1908 
 
 Col., 1911; lic. Al. Syn., 1910; ord. same, 1911; pastor, Petersburg, Pa., 
 1911-13; Temple, Altoona, Pa., 1913-22; Bethel, Pgh., Pa., 1922- ; m. 
 Edith Mary Buck, Oct. 26, 1911; s. Frank Palmer; res., Pgh., Pa. 
 
 GARNES, HERBERT S., b. Franklin Co., Pa., Dec. 9, 1887; s. Saml. A. 
 and Minnie (Shoemaker) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 
 1911; ord. 1911; pastor, Freeport, Pa., 1911-12; Manchester, Pa., 1912-14; 
 Hummelstown, Pa., 1914-22; St. Luke’s, Mansfield, O., 1922- ; m. Hazel 
 I. McGraw, July 30, 1912; children, Herbert S., Earl R.; res., Mans- 
 field, O. 
 
 GEORGI, CARL GUSTAVE, b. Cainsdorf bei Zwickau, Saxony, Ger., 
 Mar. 23, 1881; s. Julius G. and Ernestine (Gerber) G.; grad. Breklum 
 Sem., 1908; Gbg. Sem., 1908-10; Ph.B., U. of Chgo., 1915; A.M., same, 
 1916; ord. Wart. Syn., 1910; pastor, Pittsfield, Ill, 1910-11; Tabor, Chgo., 
 1911-18; Murphysboro, I1I., 1918-23; Fairmount, Mo., 1923-25; Fillmore, 
 Ill, 925- ; tchr., Breklum Sem., 1906-08; m. Catherine Caroline 
 Schultheiss, June 18, 1912; children, Luther M., Margaret E., Chas. D.; 
 res., Fillmore, III. 
 
 LAU, IRVIN MARTIN, b. nr. E. Berlin, Pa.; s. Luther and Mary 
 (Trostle) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; Gbg. Sem., 1908-11; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1910; ord. same, 1911; pastor, St. Jnos., Littlestown, Pa., 1911-21; 
 Catawissa, Pa., 1921-24; Calvary, West Chester, Pa., 1924- ; m. Bernice 
 Pauline Basehoar, Oct. 28, 1912; children, Irvin M., Glenn B.; res., West 
 Chester, Pa. 
 
 LOWE, JAMES EDWARD, Jr., b. Westminster, Md., Aug. 21, 1881; s. 
 Jas. E. and Mary (Brothers) L.; Gbg. Col., 1902-06; Gbg. Sem., 1908-11; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1910; ord. Al. Syn., 1911; pastor, Glade, Pa., 1911-14; 
 Wick Boro, Pa., 1914-16; Brookville, Pa., 1916-20; Guilderland Center, 
 N. Y., 1920-21; Uniontown, Md., 1921- ; m. Edetha Irena Cramer, Sept. 
 6, 1911; res., Uniontown, Md. 
 
 MANGES, EDMUND LONGIUS, b. Somerset Co., Pa., Dec. 1, 1885; s. 
 Edmund and Margaret (Whisker) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1911; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1911; B.D., Union Sem., 1912; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1910; ord C. Pa. 
 Syn., 1912; pastor, Grace, Champaign, Ill, 1912-13; Trinity, Lemoyne, 
 Pa., 1913-17; St. Jas., Huntingdon, Pa., 1920- ; chaplain, 317th F. A., 
 U. S. A., Nov. 17, 1917-May 14, 1919, and 26th Inf., U. S. A., July 19, 
 1919-Oct, 25, 1919, and Ist Sup. Train, May 19-July 19, 1919; overseas, 
 Aug. 7, 1918-Sept. 2, 1919; m. Maria Grace Blocher, Apr. 17, 1913; chil- 
 dren, Frances M., Kathryn G., Nellie M.; res., Huntingdon, Pa. 
 
 557 
 
1908 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 MEALS, WILLIAM LOUIS, b. Gbg., Dec. 16, 1885; s. Louis H. and L. 
 Kate (Gallagher) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; Gbg. Sem., 1 semester ; 
 stud. law with J. D. Keith; ad. to bar, 1914; prac. atty. at Gbg.; un- 
 married. 
 
 ROBB, JONAS KEFFER, b. Ligonier, Pa., Apr. 13, 1880; s. Wm. H. and 
 Sarah (Keffer) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; A.M., same, 1911; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1911; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1911; pastor, Wilmerding, Pa., 1911-13; 
 New Kingston, Pa., 1913-15; Dauphin, Pa., 1915-22; St. Paul’s, Harris- 
 burg, Pa., 1922- ; m. Elsie N. Martin, Sept. 2, 1908; children, Jas. M., 
 Robt. C.; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 SHEARER, THOMAS EDGAR, b. Worthington, Pa., May 22, 1884; s. 
 William Henry and Margaret (Yates) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1910; lic. Pgh. Syn., 1910; ord. W. Pa., 1911; pastor, Trindle 
 Spring, Pa., 1911-14; St. James, Ashland, Pa., 1914-19; Messiah, Mifflin- 
 town, Pa., 1919-21, Immanuel, E. Lansdowne, Pa., 1921- ; Tea. Luth. 
 Sch. for Christ. Workers, 1924- ; m. Bessie Young, July 25, 1911; 
 adopted Jeanne Elizabeth; res., E. Lansdowne. 
 
 SELIGMAN, WILLIAM MARTIN, b. Worthington, Pa. Feb. 10, 1876; 
 s. Conrad and Christiana (Gaiser) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1912; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. same, 1912; pastor, Cold Springs, 
 1912-15; entered min. of Presby. Ch., 1916; pastor, Forest Grove, Pa., 
 1920-23; ord. Bap. Ch., 1923; pastor, Ft. Meyer Mts., Va., 1923- ; m. 
 Olive Douds Wible, May 23, 1900; children, Wm. M., Donald, T., Jas. J.; 
 res. Ft. Meyer Heights, Clarendon, Va. 
 
 STAUFFER, HOWARD ARTHUR, b. E. Berlin, Pa. Aug. 6, 1881; s. 
 Henry K. and Hannah (Thomas) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1911; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1910; ord. same, 1911; pastor, 2nd., Cham- 
 bersburg, Pa., 1911-14; Middleburg, Pa., 1914-15; m.; 1 s.; d. Apr. 1], 
 1915. 
 
 STEINHAUER, ARTHUR H., b. Washn., Nov. 14, 1876; s. Chas. E. and 
 Sophia (Hoehn) S.; Temple U.; Gbg. Sem., 1908-09; ord. N. Y. Syn., 
 1909; pastor, Ghent, N. Y., 1909-11; Rec., Phila., 1911-16; Christ, Cam- 
 den, N. J., 1916-20; Good Shepherd, Easton, Pa., 1920-22; Mt. Holly, 
 N. J., 1922- ; m. Agnes Temple, Aug. 4, 1909; dau. Rosabel G.; res., 
 Mt. Holly, N. J. 
 
 WALTEMEYER, WILLIAM CLAUDE, b. Beckleysville, Md. Apr. 27, 
 1889; s. Jos. and Keziah (Royston) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; B.D., 
 Gbg. Sem., 1911; A.M., Amer. Univ., 1925; lic. Md. Syn., 1910; ord. E. 
 
 558 
 
ALUMNI 1909 
 
 Pa. Syn., 1911; pastor, Zion, Landisville, Pa., 1911-13; Trinity, Butler, 
 Pa., 1913-16; Thurmont, Md., 1916-23; Epiphany, Washn., 1923-_ ; 
 chaplain, Ist It, U. S. A., Mar. 18, 1918-Mar. 5, 1919; 71st C. A. C,, 
 A. E. F.; m. Mildred Butzler, Sept. 5, 1911; children, Miriam E., Mil- 
 dred R., Charlotte L., Wm. C., Grace V., Robt. D.; res., Washn. 
 
 1909 
 
 ARNOLD, JOSEPH B., b. Bayreuth, Bavaria, Jan. 30, 1881; s. Hans and 
 Johanna (Schmitt) A.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1912; 
 stud. U. of Pgh.; ord. Sus. Syn., 1912; miss. to Africa, 1912-13; pastor, 
 Bendersville, Pa, 1913-15; Clarion, Pa., 1915-21; prof., Clarion State 
 Nor. Sch.; prof., So. Hills H. S., Pgh. Pa., 1925- ; m. Sarah Flo 
 Blocher, June 13, 1912; children, Flo E., Josephine W., Marion E., 
 Esther H.; res., Pgh., Pa. 
 
 BLOOMHARDT, PAUL FREDERICK, b. Altoona, Pa., Jan. 28, 1888; 
 s. Jno. D. and Clara (Isett) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1912; Ph.D., Johns Hopkins U., 1918; stud., U. of Pa., 1923; lic. Al. Syn., 
 1911; ord. same, 1912; pastor, St. Paul’s, Lutherville, Md., 1914-18; asst. 
 Holy Trinity, Buffalo, N. Y., 1920-23; prof., Altoona, Pa., H. S., 1913; 
 prof., Newberry Col., 1923- ; chaplain, U. S. S., Geo. Washn., 1918-19; 
 Chevalier de Ordre de la Couronne (Belgium); author, Poems of 
 Haggai; m. Marjorie Blackburn, Mar. 28, 1918; children, Fred B., Dor- 
 othy R.; res., Newberry, S. C. 
 
 EHRHART, EARLE VINTON, b. Balto. Co., Md., July 19, 1887; s. Henry 
 and Dora (Dickmeyer) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; Gbg. Sem., 1909-11; 
 grad. Sus. U., 1917; ord. Sus. Syn., 1917; pastor, Elysburg, Pa., 1917-19; 
 St. Paul’s, Rensselaer, N. Y., 1919-22; New Haven, Conn., 1922- ; 
 headmaster, Exp. Sch., Balto., 1912-16; m. Etta Pearl Oyler, Oct. 2, 1910; 
 s. Kenneth O.; she d. July 3, 1923; m. Claire Fairchild (Stoddard) 
 Yoran, Oct. 21, 1924; res., New Haven, Conn. 
 
 HAAF, GEORGE RAYMOND, b. Shirley, N. J., July 24, 1882; s. Geo. and 
 Mary E. (Hepner) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1912; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. same, 1912; miss. to India, 1912- ; m. Edna 
 Vanmeter Atkinson, June 26, 1912; children, Geo. S., Mary E., Barbara 
 jJ., Chas. R.; res., India. 
 
 HESSE, CHARLES FELDER VANMETRE, b. Deer Park, Md., Feb. 9, 
 1885; s. Wm. and Ruth (Van Metre) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1912; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1912; pastor, 
 
 559 
 
1909 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Shrewsbury, Pa., 1912-18; Red Lion, Pa., 1918-22; St. Paul’s, York, Pa., 
 1922- ; m. Blanche Estella Bickel, Apr. 2, 1913; no children; res., 
 York, 'Pa. 
 
 KIEFFER, GEORGE LINN, b. nr. Millersburg, Pa., Nov. 25, 1883; s. 
 Solomon and Abbie (Romberger) K.; Millersville S. N. S., 1902-05; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1912; bus. mgr. and organr., 
 Swarthmore Chau., 1912-13; Union Sem. and Columbia U., 1913-17; B.D., 
 Union Sem., 1914; A.M., Columbia U., 1915; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. 
 same, 1916; pastor, Rosedale, L. I., 1916-26, serving without salary since 
 1919; fin. sec. Natl. Luth. Com., 1917-18; same, Natl. Luth. Com. for 
 Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Welfare, 1918-22; same, Natl. Luth. Coun., 1919- 
 23; ed. Luth. Yr. Bk., 1919; Stat. Sec, U. L. C., 1921- ; member Stat. 
 and Ch. Yr. Bk. Com., U. L. C., 1918- ; Statistician and Ref. Lib. Natl. 
 Luth. Coun., 1919- ; assoc. ed. Luth. World Almanac, 1921-23; mem- 
 ber: Am. Ch. Hist. Soc., Am. Hist. Assn., Am. Socio. Soc., Am. Pol. Sc. 
 Assn., Am. Ec. Assn., Rel. Ed. Assn., Am. Assn. for Ad. of Science; m. 
 Maude Gertrude Hostetter, Nov. 25, 1916; res., Rosedale, L. I. 
 
 KING, WILLIAM N., b. Chicora, Pa., Oct. 24, 1881; s. Simon and Eliza- 
 beth (Whitemire) K.; B.S., Grove City Col., 1905; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1912; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1911; ord. N. Ill. Syn., 1912; pastor, Rock Grove, 
 Iil., 1912-17; Nachusa, Ill., 1917-19; Irving, Ill, 1919-24; Mt. Pulaski, 
 Til., 1924- ; m. Sara B. Sutton, Sept. 5, 1912; res., Mt. Pulaski, Ill. 
 
 LUND, SIMON, 0O., Gbg. Sem., 1909-10; sometime stud. med., Chgo.; res., 
 unknown. 
 
 PETERMAN, ROBERT ELLSWORTH, b. Hanover, Pa., Oct. 16, 1883; 
 s. John B. and Cecilia (Frydinger) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1912; A.M., Columbia U., 1923; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. same, 
 1912; pastor, McConnellsburg, Pa., 1912-16; Hicksville, N. Y., 1916- 
 m, Mary Adams, July 18, 1912; s. Robt. A.; res., Hicksville, N. Y. 
 
 > 
 } 
 
 PHILLIPY, NORMAN GUY, b. Greencastle, Pa., Oct. 14, 1887; s. New- 
 ton S. and Rebecca S. P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1912; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. Md. Syn., 1913; pastor, Govans, Md., 
 1913-17; unmarried; d. Sept. 25, 1917. 
 
 RUDOLPH, RALPH RUTHERFORD, b. Allentown, Pa., Mar. 6, 1887; s. 
 Henry and Amanda (Schaeffer) R.; A.B., Muhlenberg Col., 1909; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1912; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1912; pas- 
 tor, Lemoyne, Pa., 1912-13; acting, Vancouver, Washn., 1914-15; chap- 
 
 560 
 
ALUMNI 1909 
 
 lain, Ist. It. U. S. A., 1918-19; left min., 1919; with Prentice-Hall, 
 Inc., Detroit, Mich.; m. Helen Artimace Garwood, Jan. 15, 1924; s. Vin- 
 cent S. 
 
 RUPLEY, GEORGE ALLEMAN, b. Mercersburg, Pa., Feb. 5, 1880; s. Simon 
 and Anna (Alleman) R.; A.B., Princeton U., 1902; A.M., same, 1906; 
 Columbia U., 1908-09, 1923-24; Gbg. Sem., 1909-10; B.D., Union Sem., 
 1912; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. N. Y. Syn., 1912; pastor, N. Bergen, 
 N. J., 1912-14; New Haven, Conn., 1914-15; miss. to India, 1915- ; 
 m. Sarah McKaig, Oct. 15, 1912; s. Geo. M.; res., India. 
 
 SMITH, MERVIN ELMER, b. Adams Co., Jan. 16, 1883; s. Jacob and 
 Hannah (Weigle) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1912; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1911; ord. same, 1912; pastor, Upper Frankford Chge., 
 Pa., 1912-15; Williamstown, Pa., 1915-21; New Freedom, Pa., 1921- ; 
 m. Mary Emma Heiges, June 4, 1912; children, Paul H., Marian E., Jas. 
 M., Katharine M.; res.. New Freedom, Pa. 
 
 ' 
 
 SNYDER, EDGAR ERNEST, b. nr. Clearville, Pa.; s. Baltzer and Eliza- 
 
 beth (Pee) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1912; lic. Al. 
 
 Syn., 1911; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1912; pastor, St. Matt., Harrisburg, Pa., 
 
 1912-22; St. Mark’s, Van Wert, O., 1922- ; m. Nora Irene Forrur, July 
 27, 1915; children, Edgar E., Sarah E., Wm. S.; res., Van Wert, O. 
 
 SNYDER, SAMUEL FRANKLIN, b. Indiana, Pa., Mar. 30, 1881; s. Geo. 
 and Sara A. (Coltebaugh) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1912; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1911; ord. same, 1912; asst. to Pres., Gbg. Col., 
 1912-20, 1923- ; in business 1920-23; m. Lillian Jane Myers, May 11, 
 1916; children, Elizabeth J., Saml. F.; res., Gbg. 
 
 SNYDER, SIMON, b. nr. Clear Spring, Md., Aug. 9, 1884; s. Saml. and 
 Katie B. (Stitzelo) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1912; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1911; ord. Al. Syn., 1912; pastor, Scalp Level, Pa., 1912- 
 19; Trinity, Wheeling, W. Va., 1919- ; dir. Gbg. Sem.; m. Nancy 
 Roth, Aug. 1, 1912; dau. Ethel V.; res., Wheeling, W. Va. 
 
 SWOPE, JAMES BANNEN, b. Turbotville, Pa., July 26, 1883; s. Fred 
 and Mary (Bannen) S.; A.B., Sus. U., 1909; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1912; 
 Sus. Syn., 1912; pastor, Kalamazoo, Mich., 1912-15; Chgo. Heights, If, 
 1915- ; m. Margaret May Yeager, Sept. 10, 1912; children, Bannen Y., 
 Fred S., Paul H., Warren L.; res., Chgo. Heights, III. 
 
 YEANEY, NORMAN ASH, b. Feb. 4, 1880; s. Philip and Christina (Stahl- 
 man) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1903; tchg., Lancaster and Clarion Cos., Pa., 
 
 561 
 
1910 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1903-07; Maywood Sem.; Gbg. Sem., 1909-10; prof., Steelton, Pa., H. 
 S., 1910- ; m. Sara Rose Emma Plank, Nov. 24, 1910; children, Vivian 
 A., Louise C., Norman A., Philip R.; res., Steelton, Pa. 
 
 1910 
 
 AURAND, CHARLES G., b. Trenton, N. J., Apr. 22, 1890; s. Chas. M. 
 and Annie (Greenhoe) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1913; 
 ord. Al. Syn., 1913; pastor, Grace, York, Pa., 1913-18; St. Mark’s, 
 Johnstown, N. Y., 1918-22; 1st., Wheeling, W. Va., 1922- ; m. Maude 
 N. Fahs, Jan. 20, 1914; s. Chas. W.; res., Wheeling, W. Va. 
 
 BAUGHMAN, HARRY F., b. Everet, Pa., Jan. 23, 1892; s. Geo. W. and 
 Elizabeth (Sehafhirt) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1913; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1912; ord. W. Va. Syn., 1913; pastor, Keyser, W. Va., 
 1913-18; St. Stephen, Pgh., Pa., 1918-25; Trinity, Germantown, Phila., 
 1925- ; m. Joretta Liller, Oct. 17, 1916; res., Phila., Pa. 
 
 BOWERSOX, GEORGE EDWARD, b. nr. Union Mills, Md. Aug. 16, 
 1886; s. Jeremiah and Amelia (Stengel) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1913; lic. Md. Syn., 1912; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1913; pastor, St. 
 Matt., Allentown, Pa., 1913-18; Christ, Shrewsbury, Pa., 1918- ; m. 
 Anna May Hankey, June 17, 1913; children, Geo. E., Mary A., Glen H.; 
 res., Shrewsbury, Pa. 
 
 BREAM, CHARLES SWARTZ, b. Gbg., May 26, 1885; s. Harvey D. and 
 Sarah (Musselman) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; Gbg. Sem., 1910-13; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1912; ord. N. Ind. Syn., 1913; pastor, Albion, Ind., 1913-15; 
 Middlebury, Ind., 1915-18; Mt. Pulaski, Ill., 1919-23; Grace, Lincoln, 
 Neb., 1923- ; m. Margaret Anderson Lott, July 12, 1913; children, 
 Chas. G., Howard N., Margaret R.; res., Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 BROWN, WILLIAM HERSCHEL, b. Gainesboro, Va. Nov. 8, 1871; s. 
 David and Margaret (Ritter) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1913; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1912; ord. same, 1913; pastor, Donora, Pa., 1913- 
 20; Brookville, Pa., 1920-22; Sharon, Pa., 1922- ; m. Della May Himel- 
 rite, June 2, 1903; children, Wm. K., David M., Immanuel P., Della M., 
 Esther L.; res., Sharon, Pa. 
 
 DERR, ROY VICTOR, b. Creagerstown, Md., Oct. 11, 1885; s. Cornelius 
 and Mary E. (Metzger) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1913; lic. Md. Syn., 1912; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1913; pastor, Burnham, Pa., 
 1913- ; m. Hattie Deane Ziegler, Oct. 19, 1916; res., Burnham, Pa. 
 
 562 
 
ALUMNI 1910 
 
 FRY, EDWARD N., b. Westmoreland Co., Pa., Jan. 21, 1882; s. Jno. J. 
 and Nancy (Smail) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1913; 
 ord. Pittsburgh Syn., 1913; m. Edna V. Plank, May 8, 1913; children, 
 Dorothy and Esther; pastor, Sherwood, Ontario, Can., 1913-1915; New 
 Bethlehem, Pa., 1915-17; Mill Creek, Pa., 1917-21; Tyrone, Pa., 1921-25; 
 Centerville, Pa., 1925- ; res., Centerville, Pa. 
 
 GEARHART, ROBERT HARRIS, Jr, b. Sunbury, Pa. Oct. 7, 1885; s. 
 Robt. H. and Mary (Cornman) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1913; U. of Pa., 1916- ; lic. Md. Syn., 1912; ord. Wit. Syn, 
 1913; pastor, St. Matt. Mansfield, O., 1913-15; Grace, Phila., 1915-22; 
 Luth. stud. pastor, Phila., 1922- ; chaplain, Ist It., 308 Mch. G. Bat., 
 78th Div., 1918-19; at Hasbrook def. sec., Mahiel, Argonne; com. capt., 
 Mar. 13, 1919; made sr. chaplain 2nd. Army Area, Mar. 15, 1919; cited 
 in G. O. 78 Div., May 1, 1919, and G. O. G. H. Q., A. E. F., July 19, 1919; 
 dis. July 22, 1919; m. Harriet Storrs Davies, June 15, 1914; res., Phila. 
 
 HENCH, SEIBERT LEE, b. Blain, Pa., Sept. 29, 1885; s. Wm. and Matilda 
 (Ernest) H.; A.B., Albright Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1913; lic. C. 
 Pa. Syn., 1912; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1913; pastor, West Manheim Chge., 
 Pa., 1913-15; Dallastown, Pa., 1915- ; prof., Dallastown H. S., 1918- 
 20; m. Edna S. Uhrich, June 5, 1913; children, Wm. L., Marian T., 
 Jno. R., Rachel E.; res., Dallastown, Pa. 
 
 HERMAN, EARL CAMERON, b. York, Pa., Jan. 12, 1889; s. Simon 
 and Mary L. (Rupp) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1913; 
 lic. 1912; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1913; pastor, Greensburg, Pa., 1913-14; 
 Luth. Mem., Erie, Pa., 1914-21; Trinity, Canton, O., 1921- ; m. Lillian 
 Isabelle Miller, Feb. 11, 1915; res., Canton, O. 
 
 JENKINS, JOHN TRETHAM, b. Mahanoy City, Pa, May 27, 1885; s. 
 Richard and Sarah (Jenkins) J.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1913; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1912; ord. same, 1913; pastor, St. Peter’s, 
 Easton, Pa., 1913-19; Zion, Newville, Pa., 1919- ; m. Rosetta Bar- 
 bara Knipple, Feb. 11, 1914; res., Newville, Pa. 
 
 KNIPPLE, JULIUS GROVER CLEVELAND, b. Silver Run, Md., Mar. 11, 
 1888; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; Gbg. Sem., 1910-11, 1913-15; grad. same, 
 1915; lic. Md. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1916; pastor, Lehmaster Chge., 
 1917-20; Loysville, Pa., 1921- ; m. Arma Elizabeth Reichle, Sept. 10, 
 1916; res., Loysville, Pa. 
 
 LOGAN, WILLIAM ARMOUR, b. Phila. July 16, 1884; s. Robt. and 
 Mary (Thompson) L.; Temple U.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. 
 
 563 
 
1910 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Sem., 1913; U. of Pgh.; Ji¢., BE. /Pa.s Syn, 1912; ord. Pb) S,, Syny 1913; 
 pastor, Avonmore, Pa., 1913-14; Springdale, Pa., 1914-17; Turtle Creek, 
 Pa., 1917-  ; m. Elsie May Chapman, July 2, 1913; children, Donald C., 
 Jean C., Margaret T., Wm. C., Elsie M., Helen M., Rena B.; res., 
 Turtle Creek, Pa. 
 
 McCARNEY, GUY EMORY, b. Arendtsville, Pa., Sept. 29, 1887; s. Jno. 
 D. and Susan (Oyler) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1913; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1912; ord. same, 1913; pastor, Lemasters, Pa., 1913-16; 
 Sipesville, Pa., 1917-25; St. Mark’s, Conshohocken, Pa., 1925- ; m. 
 Ethel Hamlen, Oct. 20, 1915; s. Howard J.; res., Conshohocken, Pa. 
 
 MILLER, CHARLES FRANK, b. Kingsville, Pa., July 29, 1880; s. Henry 
 and Elizabeth (Swab) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; Gbg. Sem., 1910-13; 
 lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1912; ord. same, 1914; pastor, Elderton, Pa., 1913-15; 
 
 m.; 1 child.; d. Apr. 6, 1915. 
 
 RICE, ELMER FREDERICK, b. nr. Myersville, Md., Feb. 28, 1886; s. 
 Mahlon and Anna M. (Grove) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1913; lic. Md. Syn., 1912; ord. Al. Syn., 1913; pastor, Jenners- 
 town, Pa., 1913-18; Ist., Duquesne, Pa., 1918- ; dir., Carnegie Library, 
 Duquesne, Pa., 1921- ; m. Amy M. Derr, May 21, 1913; res., Du- 
 quesne, Pa. 
 
 SHINDLER, CHARLES NORMAN, b. York Co., Pa., Jan. 24, 1890; s. 
 David C. and Hattie (Schriver) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1913; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1912; ord. same, 1913; pastor, Christ, Dal- 
 lastown, Pa., 1913-15; St. Jnos., Lock Haven, Pa., 1915-23; St. Jnos., 
 Steelton, Pa., 1923- ; m. Bessie Edith Glatfelter, June 19, 1913; res., 
 Steelton, Pa. 
 
 SMITH, SAMUEL ERNEST, b. Elvira, Ia., Jan. 15, 1885; s. Saml. E. and 
 Fanny J. (Musselman) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1907; prof., Chambersburg, 
 Pa., Acad., 1907-08; Union Sem., 1908-10; stud. Columbia N.; stud. Ger- 
 many, 1909; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1911; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1910; pastor, Van- 
 dergrift Heights, Pa., 1911; unmarried; d. July 22, 1911. 
 
 STEIN, CURVIN HORATIO, b. Freysville, Pa., Oct. 29, 1884; s. Jacob A. 
 and Nancy (Wagner) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1908; prof., Gbg. Acad., 1908- 
 10; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1913; Leipsic U., 1913-14; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1912; 
 ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1915; pastor, Ist., Braddock, Pa., 1915-21; Bethany, 
 Braddock, Pa., 1921-23; St. John’s, Lock Haven, Pa., 1923- ; m. Grace 
 Irene Buente, Aug. 2, 1916; children, Frances B., Curvin H.; res., 
 Lock Haven, Pa. 
 
 564 
 
 - ¥ 
 ee ee a 
 
ALUMNI 1911 
 
 WILL, FREDERICK LUDWIG, b. Pgh., Pa., Nov. 27, 1879; s. Fred. and 
 Emma (Bossler) W.; Thiel Col., 1898-01; Gbg. Col., 1901-04; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1913; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1913; pastor, Wilmerding, Pa., 1913-16; 
 Derry, Pa., 1916-18; Trinity, Boonsboro, Md., 1918-21; Mt. Tabor, Pa., 
 1921-23; Harrold-Seanor, Pa., 1923- ; m. Katherine Dora Graf, Jan. 
 17, 1905; children, Emma C., Elizabeth, Fred L.; res., New Stanton, Pa. 
 
 YOUNG, LESLIE KAUFFMAN, b. Kellers Mill, Pa. July 11, 1884; s. 
 Hiram and Anna (Stickell) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1910; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1913; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1912; ord. W. Va. Syn., 1913; pastor, Arccident, 
 Md., 1913-20; Mt. Joy, Pa., 1920- ; m. Effie Helena Fox, Aug. 10, 
 1914; children, Anna E., Grace A., Frances H., Mary L., Leslie M.; res., 
 Littlestown, Pa. 
 
 1911 
 
 BOWMAN, EARL JEROME, b. Millersburg, Pa., Nov. 5, 1889; s. Jos. E. 
 and Agnes (Holtzman) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1911; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 
 "1914; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1924; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1913; ord. Al. Syn., 1914; 
 pastor, Philipsburg, Pa., 1914-19; St. John’s, Steelton, Pa., 1919-23; St, 
 Jas., Gbg., 1923- ; m. Alma S. Alleman, June 12, 1916; res., Gbg. 
 
 BROSIUS, JAMES ALBERT, b. Ashland, Pa., July 12, 1886; s. Peter K. 
 and Catharine (Christ) B.; A.B., Sus. U., 1911; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1914; 
 ord. Sus. Syn., 1914; pastor, Blacksburg, Va., 1914-21; Friends Cove, 
 Pa., 1921-23; Thurmont, Md., 1923- ; m. Bessie C. Shipe, June 21, 1916; 
 children, Sara L., Geo. R.; res., Thurmont, Md. 
 
 FIEG, WALTER ANANDEN, b. Calicut, E. India, Aug. 9, 1885; s. Julius 
 and Elizabeth (Hollander) F.; Gbg. Sem., 1911-12; lic. G. Neb. Syn., 
 1912; pastor, Ohiowa, Neb., 1912-13; Toronto, Can., 1914-15; Trinidad, 
 Col., 1915-17; Garber, Okla., 1917-19; Perth, Kan., 1919-22; teacher, 
 Santa Monica H. S., Calif., 1922- ; m. Marie Bertha Kaumlen, July, 
 1915; s. Walter; res., Santa Monica, Calif. 
 
 HENSEL, WILLIAM EMIL PAUL, b. Goblonz, Austria, Apr. 16, 1888; 
 grad. Breklum Sem., 1911, and Gbg. Sem., 1913; lic. Md. Syn., 1912; 
 ord. same, 1913; pastor, Arcadia; Md., 1913-18; d. Mar. 9, 1918. 
 
 KRUMBINE, MILES HENRY, b. Schaefferstown, Pa. Nov. 18, 1891; s. 
 Wm. H. and Lydia (Rousch) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1911; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1914; D.D., Gbg., 1925; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1913; ord. Al. Syn., 1914; 
 pastor, Grace, Altoona, Pa., 1914-17; 1st., Dayton, O., 1918-26; Park- 
 side, Buffalo, N. Y., 1926- ; author, vol. sermons, “The Way to the 
 Best,” 1924; m. Elsie Wallace, 1916; res., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 565 
 
1912 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 RICE, CLAY EDWARD, b. nr. Myersville, Md., Oct. 27, 1887; s. Mahlon 
 and Anna M. (Grove) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1911; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1914; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1913; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1914; pastor, Lionville, Pa., 1914- 
 19; Neffsville, Pa., 1919- ; m. Minnie Catharine Dinterman, May 19, 
 1915; res., Neffsville, Pa. 
 
 SWANK, NEWTON DANIEL, b. Johnstown, Pa., Aug. 7, 1890; s. N. B. S.; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1911; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1914; lic. Al. Syn., 1913; ord. 
 Pb. S. Syn., 1914; pastor, Carnegie, Pa., 1914-16; left min., 1916; res., 
 Johnstown, Pa. 
 
 1912 
 
 AINSWORTH, JOHN EDGAR, b. LeGore, Md., Oct. 15, 1887; s. Jas. A. 
 and Catherine (Fogle) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1915; lic. Md. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1915; pastor, Ist.. New Haven, 
 Conn., 1915-22; Manor, Md., 1922-24; m. Clara Eva Donsife, June 7, 
 1917; children, Mary C., Jno. E.; res., Buckeystown, Md. 
 
 ALLISON, WILBUR MOSES, b. York, Pa., Sept. 13, 1890; s. Adam H. 
 and Alice C. (Bentzel) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1915; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1915; pastor, St. John’s, Mer- 
 cersburg, Pa., 1915-18; New Oxford, Pa., 1918-25; Mt. Carmel, Pa., 
 1925- ; m. Ruth Laura Gemmill, Jan. 16, 1917; s. Jas. H.; res., Mt. 
 Carmel, Pa. 
 
 BEIDELMAN, HARRY HURSH, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 3, 1889;.s. Wm. 
 C. and Elizabeth (Hursh) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1915; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. Md. Syn., 1915; pastor, Frostburg, Md., 
 1915-22; Calvary, Balto., 1922- ; m. Katharine Duncan, Nov. 6, 1918; s. 
 Barkley; res., Balto. 
 
 DAVIS, CLARE McLEAN, b. Williamsport, Pa., June 30, 1888; A.B., Gbg. 
 Col., 1911; Gbg. Sem., 1912-13; grad. Hartford Sem., 1914; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1913; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1914; pastor, E. Lansdowne, Pa., 1914-16; 
 m. Hester V. Pysher, June, 1914; no children; d. May 22, 1916. 
 
 FLECK, JOHN GABRIEL, b. Riegelsville, Pa., Oct. 3, 1891; s. Cyrus L. 
 and Annie (Leas) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1915; 
 Johns Hopkins U., 1921; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1915; pastor, 
 St. John’s, Balto, 1915- ; chaplain, Ist. It. 2nd Engr. Trg. Ret. 
 June 25, 1918-Oct. 29, 1918, and 219th Engrs., Oct. 30, 1918-Jan. 7, 1919; 
 unmarried; res., Balto. 
 
 GRAEFE, JOHN EDWARD, b. Balto., Oct. 12, 1889; s. Ed. and Eliza- 
 beth (Snyder) G.; A.B., W. Md. Col., 1912; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1915; 
 566 
 
ALUMNI 1912 
 
 B.D., Mt. Airy Sem., 1922; lic. Md. Syn., 1914; ord. Guntur, Ind., Syn., 
 1916; miss. to India, 1915- ; m. Wilhelmina Theresa Beyer, Sept. 11, 
 1915; children, Dorothy, Eleanor, Jas.; res., India. 
 
 HARNER, ELMER WILLIAM, b. Harney, Md., Dec. 4, 1889; s. Hanson 
 O. and Carrie E. (Robinson) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; Gbg. Sem., 
 1912-13; ord. R. M. Syn., 1915; pastor, Canon City, Col., 1913-18; St. 
 Paul’s, Denver, Col., 1918- ; m. Ella Kathleen Blocher, Jan. 28, 1914; 
 children, Marguerite E., Elmer W.; res., Denver, Col. 
 
 HAUSER, ERNEST ROY, b. Oakland, Md., Oct. 28, 1881; s. Jacob and 
 Margaret (Roth) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1915; lic. 
 W. Va. Syn., 1914; ord. Al. Syn., 1915; pastor, Casebeer, Pa., 1915-16; 
 Juniata, Pa., 1916-20; St. Jnos., Clearfield, Pa. 1920- ; m. Laura E. 
 Sanders, June 28, 1916; children, Jean E., Mildred V., Helen M.; res., 
 Clearfield, Pa. 
 
 KETTERMAN, DAN, b. Genville, Pa., Apr. 8, 1881; s. W. H. and Lydia 
 Malinda (Hamm) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1913; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1915; pastor, St. Paul’s, Newville, Pa., 
 1914-18; Emmanuel, Freeport, Pa., 1918-19; supply preaching, 1919-22; 
 St. John’s, E. McKeesport, Pa., 1922- ; unmarried; res., McKees- 
 port, Pa. 
 
 LIEBEGOTT, CHARLES EDGAR, b. Altoona, Pa., Aug. 16, 1888; s. Geo. 
 and Anna M. (Hicks) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1915; ~ 
 lic. Al. Syn., 1914; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1915; pastor, Avonmore, Pa., 1915- 
 17; Temple, Pgh., Pa., 1917-20; First, Lebanon, Pa., 1920- ; m. Clara 
 Elaine Poplsen, Sept. 7, 1916; dau., Lois E.; res., Lebanon, Pa. 
 
 MARKLEY, M. RAYMOND LAY, b. Altoona, Pa., Aug. 31, 1888; s. Wm. 
 H. and Sarah L. (Law) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1915; lic. Al. Syn., 1914; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1915; pastor, Fayetteville, 
 Pa., 1915-17; Highspire, Pa., 1920-24; Everett, Pa., 1925- ; chaplain, 
 Ist It., Nov. 5, 1917-May 14, 1919, overseas May, 1918-May, 1919; cam- 
 paigns, Vesle, St. Mihiel, Meuse-Argonne; m. Mary Lydia Thrush, June 
 27, 1917; children, Mary J. T., Raymond; res., Everett, Pa. 
 
 ONEY, ELBERT E., b. Washn. Co., Va., July 27, 1880; s. Wm. B. and 
 Catherine (Groseclose), O.; Bridgewater Col., 1899-1902; Gbg. Col, 
 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1915; lic. Md. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, 
 Elk Lick, Pa., 1915-18; St. Paul’s, Kittanning,, Pa. 1918-19; Trinity, 
 Tarentum, Pa., 1919- ; m. Charlotte Catherine Boyer, June 20, 1916; 
 res., Tarentum, Pa. 
 
 567 
 
1912 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 RASMUSSEN, CARL CHRISTIAN, b. Troy, N. Y., Sept. 21, 1890; s. Hans 
 and Bertha M. (Anderson) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1915; A.M., Columbia U., 1923; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1915; 
 pastor, Newville, Pa., 1915-19; Juniata, Pa., 1919-22; Zion, Greensburg, 
 Pa., 1922-23; Messiah, Harrisburg, Pa., 1923- ; m. Alma Irene Sieber, 
 June 28, 1916; dau., Mary E.; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 RICHARD, RALPH ROY, b. nr. Winchester, Va.; s. Asa and Mary 
 L. (Bean); A.B., Roanoke Col.; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1915; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 
 1914; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1915; pastor, Shippensville, Pa., Smicksburg, Pa.; 
 Lineboro, Md., 1920-24; Chambersburg, Second, 1924- ; m. Lea Leone 
 Benton, Oct. 30, 1915; children, Mary B., Benton R.; res., Chambers- 
 burg, Pa. 
 
 RUDISILL, EARL S., b. Littlestown, Pa., Jan. 23, 1891; s. D. C. and Clara 
 (Stockslager) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1915; U. of 
 Pgh., 1919-23; A.M., same, 1921; U. of Pa., 1923- ; lic. W. Pa. Syn, 
 1914; ord. N. Ill. Syn., 1915; pastor, St. Stephen’s, Chgo., Ill., 1915-19; 
 Aspinwall, Pa., 1919-23; Grace, Phila., Pa., 1923- ; tchg., U. of Pgh., 
 1921-23, and U. of Pa., 1924-25; m. L. Grace Mehring, Aug. 20, 1915; 
 s.. Fred. L.; res., Phila., Pa. 
 
 RUDISILL, STEWART HARTMAN, b. Gbg., May 31, 1889; s. Frank and 
 Ella (Hartman) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1915; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1915; pastor, Salona, Pa., 1915-17; 
 Albany, N. Y., 1917-20; Elizabeth, N. J., 1920- ; m. Ethel Alice Whit- 
 taker, May 25, 1915; s., Glenn H.; res., Elizabeth, N. J. 
 
 SALTZGIVER, WILLARD E., b. Codorus, Pa., May 9, 1890; s. Geo. D. 
 and Sarah (Shaffer) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1915; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. Md. Syn., 1915; pastor, Uniontown, Md., 
 1915-18; St. John’s, Balto., 1918-23; Messiah, York, Pa. 1923- ; m. 
 Elizabeth E. Burns, June 1, 1915; children, Luther B., Willard A.; res., 
 York, Pa. 
 
 SCHEFFER, GEORGE ELMER, b. York Co., Pa. Aug. 9, 1888; s. John 
 A. and (Gladfelter) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1915; 
 A.M., U. of Chgo., 1921; B.D., same, 1922; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. 
 same, 1915; pastor, W. Manheim, Pa., 1915-17; Augsburg, Chgo., IIl., 
 1917-25; New Oxford, Pa., 1925- ; m. Ruth Elizabeth Crumrine; chil- 
 dren, Elizabeth A., Geo. E.; res... New Oxford, Pa. 
 
 SHILKE, CHARLES AUGUSTUS, b. Lineboro, Md., Sept. 22, 1886; s. 
 Otto and Sara A. (Garman) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 
 568 
 
ALUMNI 1913 
 
 1915; lic. Md. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1915; pastor, Utica Chge., 1915- ; 
 m. Anna Marie Harm, June 15, 1915; s. Chas. H.; res., Walkers- 
 ville, Md. 
 
 SPANGLER, WALTER DANIEL, b. Adams Co., Pa., July 20, 1892; s. 
 Pius D. and Mary L. (Klinefelter) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; B.D., 
 Gbg. Sem., 1915; U. of Chgo., 1919, 1921; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. 
 N. Ill. Syn., 1915; pastor, St. Luke’s, Park Ridge, IIl., 1915- ; m. Effie 
 Schwartz, Aug. 12, 1915; children, Fred. W., Ruth M., John R.; res., 
 Park Ridge, Ill. 
 
 STERMER, JOSEPH ERNST, b. Shrewsbury, Pa., Oct. 23, 1887; s. Geo. 
 H. and Catherine (Ernst) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1911; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1915; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1914; ord. Calif. Syn. 1915; pastor, Grace, 
 Phoenix, Ariz., 1915-17; Grace, Santa Barbara, Cal., 1917-18; First, 
 Fresno, Cal., 1918- ; m. Sarah Barton Small Oliver, May 22, 1915; res., 
 Fresno, Cal. 
 
 WICKEY, NORMAN JAY GOULD, b. Eshcol, Pa., Sept. 25, 1891; s. Wm. 
 O. and Jennie A. (Hartman) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1912; B.D., Gbg. 
 Sem., 1915; A.M., Harvard U., 1916; Ph.D., same, 1922; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1914; ord. Md. Syn., 1916; pastor, Georgetown, Washn., 1916-17; 
 St. Luke’s, Cambridge, Mass., 1919; St. Mark’s, Fargo, N. D., 1924- ; 
 dir. N. W. Sem., 1924- ; prof., Concordia Col., Moorhead, Minn., 
 1920- ; m. Ethel Ruth Basehoar, Aug. 29, 1917; children, Kathryn B., 
 Phyllis C.; res., Fargo, N. D. 
 
 1913 
 
 COFFELT, CHARLES MILTON, b. nr. Woodstock, Va., Apr. 9, 1886; s. 
 Benj. F. and Ida (Swartz) C.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1916; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, Mt. Eden, 
 Pa., 1916-17; Rossville, Pa., 1917-20; Wrightsville, Pa., 1920-24; Christ, 
 Birmingham, Ala. 1924- ; m. Emily Frances Fichtner, July 29, 1917; 
 children, Jno. F., Chas. T.; res., Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 FORTENBAUGH, ROBERT BURNS, b. Harrisburg, Pa. July 17, 1892; 
 s. Jas. P. and Mary J. (Zimmerman) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1916; A.M., Syracuse U., 1920; U. of Pa., 1924- ; lic. E. 
 Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. N. Y. Syn., 1916; pastor, Atonement, Syracuse, 
 N. Y., 1916-23; tchg., Syracuse U., 1918-23; prof., Gbg. Col., 1923- ; 
 m. Lena Schweinberger, Aug. 16, 1921; s., Robt. B.; res., Gbg. 
 
 GARMAN, GEORGE SMITH, b. nr. Glen Rock, Pa., Aug. 4, 1890; s. 
 John A. and Cathrine (Smith) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1913; Gbg. Sem., 
 
 569 
 
1913 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1913-15; pres. G. S. Garman Lumber Co., Balto.; m. Carrie Marie 
 Byerly, Apr. 7, 1917; children, Geo. B., Anna K., Beulah M., Wm. J., 
 Chas. E.; res., Balto. 
 
 GRUVER, JOHN PETER, b. York, Pa., June 27, 1890; s. Martin S. and 
 Elizabeth (Dehoff) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, Bethany, New York, 
 N. Y., 1916-19; res., York, Pa. 
 
 HEGE, JOHN HERVEY, b. Greencastle, Pa. Mar. 17, 1886; s. Danl. and 
 Mary F. (Gsell) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, Salem, Dover, Pa., 1916- ; 
 m. Bertha A. Weagley, May 20, 1916; s. John H.; she d. June 9, 1917; 
 m. Grace E. Cushey, Jan. 30, 1919; children, Frank B., Grace L.; res., 
 Dover, Pa. 
 
 HEIM, GEORGE ROBERT, b. Loysville, Pa., Apr. 13, 1883; s. Geo. W. 
 and Mary V. (Shuman) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1916; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, Our Saviour, Coates- 
 ville, Pa., 1916-18; Blain, Pa., 1919-22; chaplain, Ist It. U. S. A., Mar. 
 8, 1918-June 4, 1919, and overseas May, 1918-May, 1919; Meuse-Argonne; 
 chaplain and sup. ed., Tressler Orphanage, 1922-23, and supt. same, 
 1923- ; m. Martha Elizabeth Frew, June 30, 1917; children, Mary R., 
 Geo. R., Martha E.; res., Loysville, Pa. 
 
 HINTERNESCH, AUGUST HERMAN, b. Balto., Mar. 19, 1890; s. Her- 
 man and Catherine (Gunther) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; Gbg. Sem., 
 1913-14; d. Dec. 26, 1916. 
 
 LEAMAN, J. ENFIELD. A.B., Gbg. Col., 1914; spec. stud. Gbg. Sem., 
 1914-15; Y. M. C. A. work, Canton, Ohio. 
 
 LIVINGSTON, PAUL YOUNT, b. York, Pa., June 6, 1893; s. Peter and 
 Sadie (Yount) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1916; Bib. 
 Sem., 1920-22; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, New 
 Kingston, Pa., 1916-17; Wrightsville, Pa., 1917-20; Glen Morris, L. L., 
 1920- ; m. Annie Margaret Altland, June 10, 1919; s. Jno. P.; res., 
 Glen Morris, L. I. 
 
 NICHOLAS, JACOB RUSSELL, b. Kintnersville, Pa., Aug. 28, 1891; s. 
 Jno. and Mary (Wieder) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1916; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1916; pastor, Trinity, But- 
 ler, Pa., 1916-20; W. Sunbury, Pa., 1920- ; unmarried; res., West Sun- 
 bury, Pa. 
 
 570 
 
ALUMNI 1913 
 
 NOLTE, CARL HEINRICH WILHELM AUGUST, b. Hanover, Ger., Sept. 
 5, 1885; s. Carl and Emilie (Kempe) N.; Breklum Sem., 1909-13; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1915; lic. Md. Syn., 1914; ord. same, 1915; pastor, St. Mark’s, 
 Jamaica, L. I., 1915-18; Zion, Utica, N. Y., 1918- ; pres., Utica Old 
 Folks’ Home, 1922- ; m. Margarete Christine Emilie Wegener, Apr. 22, 
 1916; children, Martha M., Erwin C.; res., Utica, N. Y. 
 
 PEE, ERNEST LUTHER, b. nr. Everett, Pa. Apr. 19, 1888; s. Jno. and 
 Georgia (Probst) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; lic. 
 Al. Syn., 1915; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1916; pastor, Highspire, Pa., 1916-19; 
 Philipsburg, Pa., 1920- ; m. Kathryn Elizabeth Diehl, July 12, 1916; no 
 children; she d. Oct. 12, 1918; m. Ida Ethel Feiser, June 7, 1923; res., 
 Philipsburg, Pa. 
 
 RIETHMILLER, WALTER LAWRENCE, b. Indiana Co., Pa., Jan. 2, 1882; 
 s. Fred. and Charlotte (Feitshaus) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; Gbg. Sem., 
 1914; Union Sem., 1914-16; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1916; ord. same, 1917; 
 pastor, Chatham, N. Y., 1917-18; demitted ministry, 1919; Y. M. C. A. 
 war camp sec., 1918-19; res., Denver, Col. 
 
 RITZ, BERT CLINTON, b. York Co., Pa., Mar. 4, 1886; s. Henry and 
 Elizabeth (Markel) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1916; pastor, Schuylkill Haven, 
 - Pa., 1916-19; Hershey, Pa., 1919-20; Columbia, Pa., 1920-25; St. Jas., 
 York, Pa., 1925- ; m. Lola Mabel Henry, June 12, 1913; s. Bruce L.; 
 she d. Dec. 18, 1922; res., York, Pa. 
 
 RUDISILL, BENTON FRANKLIN, b. Gbg., Jan. 24, 1891; s. Frank and 
 Ella (Hartman) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, First, West Sandlake, N. Y., 
 1916-19; Jerome, Pa., 1919-22; Friedens, Pa., 1922- ; m. Anna Catherine 
 Gable, Apr. 18, 1916; children, Dorothea G., Robt. F. G.; res., Friedens, 
 Pa. 
 
 RUPLEY, JOHN BENJAMIN, b. Catawissa, Pa., July 21, 1891; s. Danl. 
 E. and Amelia (Gabel) R.; Findlay Col., 1908-10; A.B., Sus. U., 1913; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, 
 Boonsboro, Md., 1916-18; St. Mark’s, Washn., 1918-20; Grace, West- 
 minster, Md., 1920-  ; m. Etheleene Gravatt Weller, Oct. 11, 1916; chil- 
 dren, John E., Kendig W.; res., Westminster, Md. 
 
 SHAFFER DAVID L., b. Jenners, Pa., Aug. 9, 1886; s. Adam and Nancy 
 (Maurer) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; lic, Al, Syn., 
 571 
 
1914 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1915; ord. Pb. S. Syn., 1916; pastor, Messiah, Homestead, Pa., 1916-19; 
 Martinsburg, Pa. 1919- ; m. Helen Edna Rupp, June, 1916; children, 
 Luther, Jas., Sara J., Helen, Richard; res., Martinsburg, Pa. 
 
 SMITH, FRANK EDWIN, b. Mamont, Pa., Dec. 11, 1888; s. Anthony and 
 Frances (Hill) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; U. of 
 Pgh.; Harvard U.; Columbia, U.; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 
 1916; pastor, Luther Mem., Pgh. Pa. 1916- ; psycho. examiner, W. 
 Pen., Pgh., Pa.; m. Hilinda Phillips, June 20, 1918; dau., Ruth P.; res., 
 Pet has 
 
 WOLFE, JOHN WESLEY, b. Maytown, Pa., Nov. 14, 1878; s. Jno. H. and 
 Sarah (Myers) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1913; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1916; lic. 
 E. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, Upper Frankford, Pa., 1916- 
 20; Mt. Holly Springs, Pa., 1920-22; Williamstown, Pa., 1922- ; m. 
 Mildred Pentz Sload, July 5, 1917; children, Lucille A., Esther K.; res., 
 Williamstown, Pa. 
 
 1914 
 
 DAUBENSPECK, FRED HUTCHISON, b. N. Washn., Pa. Apr. 15, 1886; 
 s. Campbell and Lyda (Hutchison) D.; A.B., Grove City Col., 1911; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1917; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1916; ord. C. Pa. Syn., 1917; pastor, 
 Ickesburg, Pa., 1917-21; Aaronsburg, Pa., 1921- ; m. Ada Dale Ruppe, 
 July 11, 1917; children, Laird R., Fred. C.; res., Aaronsburg, Pa. 
 
 GETZENDANER, MARK A., b. Polo, Ill, Aug. 20, 1892; s. Milton and 
 Belle (Thomas) G.; B.S., Carthage Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem, 1917; lic. 
 Al. Syn., 1916; ord. Ia. Syn., 1917; pastor, Princeton, Ia., 1917-21; Daven- 
 port, Ia., 1921- ; m. Catherine A. Cramer, May 21, 1917; children, 
 Mark A., Martha L.; res., Davenport, Ia. 
 
 HOLLINGER, ALBERT M., b. Cumberland Co., Pa., July 7, 1875; s. Jno. 
 E. and Mary C. (Shenk) H.; grad. Cumb. Valley State Nor. Sch., 1896, 
 and Gbg. Sem., 1917; A.B., People’s Natl. U., 1921; A.M., same, 1922; 
 ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1917; pastor, Seven Valleys, Pa., 1917; W. Manheim, 
 Pa., 1917- ; m. Anna J. Stouffer, 1898; children, Mary M., Jeanne R.; 
 res.. West Manheim, Pa. 
 
 ROBERTS, CLIFFORD STANLEY, b. Hamilton, Ont., Nov. 17, 1889; s. 
 Clifford and Caroline (Smolinski) R.; grad. Breklum Sem., 1914, and 
 Gbg. Sem., 1916; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1916; pastor, 
 St. Stephen’s, Lancaster, Pa., 1916-20; Redeemer, Montreal, Que., 1920- 
 23; St. Jno’s., Waterloo, Ont., 1923- ; m. Beatrice Catherine Reiners, 
 Aug. 15, 1917; children, Clifford S., Fred. F.; res., Waterloo, Can. 
 
 72 
 
ALUMNI 1915 
 
 SHAUCK, CHARLES H., b. Glen Rock, Pa. Jan. 29, 1889; s. Chas. S. 
 and Bennerda S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1914; Gbg. Sem., 1914-16; Hartford 
 Sem.; now d. 
 
 SUTCLIFFE, ALFRED TOWNE, b. Hummelstown, Pa., Jan. 21, 1891; s. 
 Alfred and Rebecca (Grove) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1914; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1917; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1916; ord. same, 1917; pastor, St. Jno’s., May- 
 town, Pa., 1917-19; St. Matt., Schuylkill Haven, Pa., 1919- ; m. Marion 
 Blocher, June 5, 1917; children, Richard T., Ruth; res., Schuylkill Haven, 
 Pa. 
 
 WICKER, SAMUEL EVARISTUS, b. Altoona, Pa., Mar. 10, 1892; s. Jno. 
 H. and Alice R. (Wilt) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1914; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 19l7.. ALM. Uy of era 1925" SLD: Temple !129 1925's. Ty! of Pa: 
 1921- ; lic. Al. Syn., 1916; ord. W. Va. Syn., 1917; pastor, Oakland, 
 Md., 1917-20; Wilmington, Del., 1920- ; prof., Temple U., 1924- ; m. 
 Orpah Christina Ashby, Dec. 12, 1918; res., Wilmington, Del. 
 
 WOLF, ROBERT JACOB, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Mar. 23, 1891; s. Jacob 
 and Catherine (Pointer) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1914; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1917; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1916; ord. same, 1917; pastor, Berwick, Pa., 
 1917-18; Greenleaf, Kas., 1920-22; Abilene, Kas., 1922-25; Intermed. 
 Luther League Sec., 1925- ; chaplain, Ist It. U. S. A., 1918-19; m. 
 Mary Elizabeth Woll, June 15, 1917; she d. Feb. 28, 1918; m. Mrs. 
 Rachel Lightner Morgan, Apr. 21, 1919; children, Mary E., Robt. J.; 
 res., Harrisburg, : Pa. 
 
 1915 
 
 BAKER, CHARLES WOLF, b. Davenport, Neb., Sept. 12, 1890; s. Chas. 
 W. and Anna K. (Wolf) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1918; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1917; ord. Al. Syn., 1918; pastor, Confluence, Pa., 
 1918-23; Springdale, Pa. 1923- ; tchg., Confluence, Pa., H. S., 1921-22; 
 author six cantatas; m. Minerva Tanglunbaugh, Oct. 20, 1918; res., 
 Springdale, Pa. 
 
 DAY, WILLIAM CHARLES, b. Balto., June 12, 1891; s. Jno..C. and Eliza- 
 beth (Wagner) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1915; Gbg. Sem., 1915-17; ord. 
 Kas. Syn., 1917; pastor, Trinity, Kansas City, Kas., 1917-18; Salona, 
 Pa., 1918-20; Emmitsburg, Md., 1920-24; Zion, Middletown, Md., 1924-_ ; 
 m. Elva Shanebrook, Aug. 16, 1917; children, Ruth E., Wm. C., Evan- 
 geline; res., Middletown, Md. 
 
 EYLER, EDGAR JOSIAH, b. Thurmont, Md., Jan. 31, 1889; s. Theo. N. 
 and Phoebe A. E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; Gbg. Sem., 1915-17; enlisted 
 
 573 
 
1915 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 U. S. A., May 9, 1917, com. 2nd it., 315th In., Co. E.; overseas 1918; 
 m. Grace S. Steele, June 11, 1918; wounded and d. Oct. 1, 1918. 
 
 GARNS, ROBERT EDWARD, b. Marion, Pa., Jan. 1, 1893; s. Jonathan 
 and Sarah (Allen) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; d. Sept. 18, 1916. 
 
 GRUBER, CHARLES, b. Phila., Oct. 14, 1883; s. Geo. and Isabel (Moyer) 
 G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1918; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1921; 
 Gbg. Col., 1923- ; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1917; pastor, Salona, Pa., 1921-23; 
 prof., Gbg. Acad., 1916-17, 1920-21; chaplain, Ist It., 79th Div., U. S. A., 
 Jan. 25, 1918-Nov. 20, 1918; camp chaplain, Meucon, France, Nov. 20, 
 1918-Apr. 15, 1919; patient in hospital, Apr. 15, 1919-Nov. 26, 1919; St. 
 Miehel, Meuse-Argonne; m. Anna Mehring Landis, Jan. 31, 1918; chil- 
 dren, Chas. Jr., Isabel V. 
 
 HASHINGER, WILLIAM ROY, b. Williamson, Pa., May 12, 1889; s. Wm. 
 C. and Sarah (Recher) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1918; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1917; ord. W. Va. Syn., 1918; pastor, St. Mark’s, 
 Clarksburg, W. Va., 1918-23; left min., 1923; with Clarksburg Trust 
 Co., 1923- ; m. Urilla Knauer Fosnocht, Jan. 8, 1919; children, W. Roy, 
 Sarah E.; res., Clarksburg, W. Va. 
 
 HOCKER, MARTIN LUTHER, b. Steelton, Pa., Mar. 25, 1890; s. M. P. 
 and Amelia (Farnsler) H.; A.B., Valparaiso U., 1910; Bib. Sem., 1912- 
 15; Gbg. Sem., 1915-16; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1915; ord. same, 1916; pastor, 
 Westville, N. J., 1916-21; Whitemarsh, Pa., 1921- ; m. Mellie Louise 
 Reigle, Jan. 31, 1917; children, Luther R., Helen L.; res., Whitemarsh, 
 Pa: 
 
 KELLY, JAMES FRANKLIN, b. Gbg., Sept. 25, 1893; s. Eugene S. and 
 Annie (Cromer) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1920; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1919; ord. Pb. Syn., 1920; pastor, Christ, Erie, Pa., 1920-23; 
 Messiah, Homestead, Pa., 1923- ; enlisted U.S.A., June 1, 1917; com. 
 Ist It., 116th Inf.; Haute Alsace, Molbruck Hill, Molleville Farm, Grand 
 Montagne, Etraye; discharged May 29, 1919; m. Hope Eyster, Nov. 30, 
 1919; dau., Gladys E.; res., Homestead, Pa. 
 
 LOTZ, JAMES MILTON, b. Duncansville, Pa., Apr. 29, 1891; s. Geo. L. 
 and Mary (Langham) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1918; 
 lic. Al. Syn., 1917; ord. Sus. Syn., 1918; pastor, Blairsville, Pa., 1919-20; 
 2nd, Dayton, O., 1920- ; m. Ethel C. Eberly, Aug. 25, 1919; res., Day- 
 ton, O. 
 
 574 
 
ALUMNI 1915 
 
 McSHERRY, HUBERT LUTHER, b. Taneytown, Md., Dec. 27, 1892; s. 
 G. W. and Eudora (Lucas) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; Gbg. Sem., 1915; 
 Western Sem., Pgh., Pa., 1917-18; D.C., Ph.C., Palmer Sch. of Chiro., 
 1921; A. E. F., 13 mos.; chiropractor, 1921- ; m. Mary Joyce Nunn, 
 Aug. 17, 1921; res., Frostburg, Md. 
 
 MILLER, MAHLON STECK, b. Philipsburg, Pa., Nov. 29, 1892; s. Wm. 
 and Mary (Zug) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1918; lic. 
 Al. Syn., 1917; ord. same, 1918; pastor, Berwick, Pa., 1918-19; Lyons- 
 Bernville, Pa., 1919-22; McConnellsburg, Pa., 1922- ; m. Virginia Emma 
 Williamson, June 21, 1922; dau., Alma V.; res., McConnellsburg, Pa. 
 
 MOCK, ROBERT EMORY, b. Newmanstown, Pa., Nov. 1, 1890; s. Jno. 
 H. and Mary (Bollinger) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1918; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1917; ord. same, 1918; pastor, Sinking Valley, Pa., 
 1919-20; St. Jno’s., Juniata, Pa., 1920-23; prof., New Wittenberg Acad., 
 1923- ; m. Ruth Lavinia Olinger, June 4, 1918; s, Robt.; res., Spring- 
 field, O. 
 
 QUAY, PAUL WILSON, bh. Phoenixville, Pa., Nov. 6, 1892; s. Wm. W. 
 and Annie (Hartman) Q.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; Gbg. Sem., 1915-17; 
 ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1917; pastor, Trinity, Reisterstown, Md., 1918-21; 
 Fourth, Altoona, Pa., 1921- ; m. Vera Margaret Susemihl, Feb. 15, 
 1922; res., Altoona, Pa. 
 
 TROUT, JOHN HENRY LEADER, b. Glen Rock, Pa., Feb. 25, 1893; s. 
 Josiah and Priscilla (Leader) T.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1918; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1917; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1918; pastor, Ann- 
 ville, Pa., 1918-20; Bethlehem, Youngstown, O., 1920-24; Bethany, 
 Cleveland, O., 1924- ; m. Lucy Thusnelda Moeller, June 19, 1918; chil- 
 dren, Jean L., Arthur M.; res., Cleveland, O. 
 
 WAGNER, PAUL SCHLEPPY, b. Hazleton, Pa., Apr. 2, 1893; s. John and 
 Mary (Schleppy) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1915; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1918; 
 ord. Sus. Syn., 1918; pastor, Grace, York, Pa., 1918-20; Christ, Phila. 
 1921- ;m. Mae Ethel Fickes, May 2, 1918; res., Phila. 
 
 WINKELBLECH, JOHN FRANCIS, b. Union Co., Pa. June 8, 1890; s. 
 Jackson and Amelia (Kostenbader) W.; A.B., Bucknell U., 1914; grad. 
 Gbe. Sem., 1918; A.M., Bucknell U., 1919; instr., Bucknell Acad., 1914- 
 15, and Gbg. Acad., 1917-18; lic. C. Pa. Syn., 1917; ord. same, 1918; 
 Camp Pastor, Cape May, N. J., Mar.-Dec., 1918; pastor, Luther Mem., 
 
 575 
 
1916 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Phila., 1918-19; Hartleton, Pa., 1922-23; White Deer, Pa., 1924-25; 
 Brooklyn, Md., 1925-  ; ill-health, 1919-22, 1923-24; m. Helen Margaret 
 Smith, Nov. 17, 1923; res., Brooklyn, Md. 
 
 1916 
 
 BAILEY, J. AUGUSTUS, b. May 10, 1878; s. Geo. L. and Mary E. (Dun- 
 bar) B.; m. Mabel C. Buffington, June 18, 1903; dau., Elvise; her res., 
 Williamsport, Pa.; he d. Feb. 20, 1917. 
 
 COOPER, NORMAN ELMORE, b. Winchester, Va., Mar. 13, 1887; s. 
 Lewis and Marie (DeFruville) C.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1909; Gbg. Sem., 
 1916-18; ord. 1918; pastor, N. River Chge., Va., 1918-22; with Cooper 
 Mdse. and Oil Co., 1922- ; m. Carrie Myrtle Hall, June 26, 1918; chil- 
 dren, Mary M., Norman E., Helen V.; res., Winchester, Va. 
 
 GARRETT, WOUTER VAN, b. nr. Hanover, Pa., Nov. 27, 1891; s. Lloyd 
 and Savanna (Sterner) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1919; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1918; ord. W.. Va. Syn., 1919; pastor, Keyser, 
 W. Va., 1919-20; Middleburg, Pa. 1921-24; Taneytown, Md., 1925- ; 
 tchg., York Co., Pa., 1909-11, Gbg. Acad., 1918-19; m. Clara Emma 
 Byerly, Aug. 25, 1920; s. Robt. L.; res., Taneytown, Md. 
 
 GOEDEKE, HARRY, b. Balto.; s. Frank and Henrietta (Hartung) G.; 
 grad. Balto. Bus. Col., 1903; clerk, For. Miss. Bd., 1903-16; Gbg. Sem., 
 1916-19; ord. Md. Syn., 1919; miss. to India, 1919- ; m. Martha K. 
 Hoenerm, June, 1919; res., India. 
 
 HINMAN, WILLIS STUART, b. Columbia, Pa. Apr. 5, 1894; s. Willis 
 and Sarah L. (Nicholson) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1919; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1918; ord. Pb. Syn., 1919; pastor, Rural Valley, 
 Pa., 1919-20; Essington, Pa., 1920-24; Trinity, Manoa, Pa., 1924- ; m. 
 Erma Margaret Wildberger, Sept. 10, 1919; dau., Emma V.; res., Up. 
 Darby, Pa. 
 
 HOFFMAN, FREDERICK WILLIAM, b. Altoona, Pa, Jan. 6, 1892; s. 
 Philipp and Clara (Schreiber) H.; A.B. Gbg. Col., 1916; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1919; lic. Al. Syn., 1918; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1919; pastor, St. Paul’s, 
 Lionville, Pa., 1919-21; Our Saviour, Coatesville, Pa. 1921- ; m. Emily 
 Mildred Myers, Sept. 8, 1920; dau., Lulu R.; res., Coatesville, Pa. 
 
 MacDONALD, JAMES ENZER, b. Mapleton Depot, Pa., Dec. 8, 1892; s. 
 Jno. L. and Rosetta (Chilcote) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1919; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1918; ord. same, 1919; pastor, Fryburg, 
 
 576 
 
ALUMNI 1916 
 
 Pa., 1919-20; Sagamore, Pa., 1920-25; Maytown, Pa., 1925- ; m. Ade- 
 laide Marion Kerchner, June 14, 1922; res., Maytown, Pa. 
 
 REHMEYER, LOUIS H., b. Balto., Oct. 20, 1891; s. Lewis C. and Amelia 
 (Seaks) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1919; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1918; ord. Pb. Syn., 1919; pastor, Shippenville, Pa., 1919-23; Man- 
 chester, Md., 1923- ; m. Gladys Elizabeth Hammermiller, Sept. 5, 1922; 
 dau., Mary G.; res., Manchester, Md. 
 
 RUDISILL, JACOB EMANUEL, b. Gbg., Aug. 13, 1893; s. Frank and 
 Sarah (Hartman) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1922; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1921; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1922; pastor, Riegelsville, Pa., 1922- 
 25; Bethel, Phila. 1925- ; tchg., Calif. H. S., 1916-17; Johnstown, 
 1917-18; Harrisburg Acad., 1918-19; m. Martha Mehring Hartman, Sept. 
 29, 1917; children, Evelyn J., Richard A.; res., Phila. 
 
 SAMMEL, WILLIAM RAYMOND, b. Bedford, Pa. May 23, 1893; s. 
 Anthony and Henrietta (Moore) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; B.D., Gbg. 
 Sem., 1919; lic. Al. Syn., 1918; ord. Pb. Syn., 1919; pastor, Bethany, New 
 Castle, Pa., 1919-22; Lititz, Pa, 1922- ; m. Harriet Rebecca Miller, 
 June 10, 1919; children, Ed. A., Margaret J.; res., Lititz, Pa. 
 
 SIMONTON, CHESTER STEWART, b. Altoona, Pa., Feb. 27, 1894; s. 
 Jacob J. and Elizabeth (Stewart) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; B.D., Gbg. 
 Sem., 1919; lic. Al. Syn., 1918; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1919; pastor, Fayette- 
 ville, Pa., 1919-23; Trinity, Juniata, Pa., 1923-  ; unmarried; res., Juni- 
 atajiPa. 
 
 SPANGLER, JOHN ELMER, b. Adams Co., Pa., Sept. 4, 1895; s. Pius 
 and Mary (Plank) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; Gbg. Sem., 1916-18; with 
 Retail Credit Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; m. Helga Clarice Bergquist, June 
 1; 192k, 
 
 SUNDAY, WILLIAM FRANKLIN, b. Davidsburg, Pa.; s. Wm. C. and 
 Mary (Whitright) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1916; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1919; 
 stud. Edinburgh, Tubingen, Oxford, 1922-24; Ph.D., Edinburgh U., 1924; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1918; ord. same, 1919; pastor, Second, Chambersburg, 
 Pa., 1919-22; St. Jas., N. Y. Cty., 1924-  ; unmarried; res., N. Y. Cty. 
 
 TOME, JOHN S., b. Mar. 8, 1894; s. John A. and Jennie (Supplee) T.; 
 A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1919; A.M., Col. U., N. Y., 1920; 
 Union Sem., 1921; ord. E. Pa. Syn., 1921; pastor, Uniontown, O., 1921- 
 23; Shelby, O., 1923-25; Hanover, Pa., St. Mark’s, 1925- ; m. Mar- 
 guerite Moore, Nov. 22, 1921; s. Jno. M.; res., Hanover, Pa. 
 
 577 
 
1917 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 TRUNDLE, GEORGE HEDGES, b. Frederick, Md., Feb. 12, 1895; s. Chas. 
 N. and Kate (Boyer) T.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1916; Gb. Sem., 1916-17; supt., 
 brokerage and agency dept., Aetna Life Inc. Co., N. Y. Cty.; U.S.A., 
 May 13, 1917-July 9, 1919; successively, pvt., 2nd It., Ist It., capt., 315th 
 Inf., 79th Div.; at Meuse-Argonne; cited by C. in C. and decorated; m. 
 Hazel Margaret Wolfe, Feb. 29, 1920; dau., Margaret B.; res., N. Y. City. 
 
 WEIDLEY, PAUL ALBERT, b. Altoona, Pa., Apr. 12, 1894; s. Geo. and 
 Emma (Kolley) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1919; lic. 
 Al. Syn., 1918; ord. Pb. Syn., 1919; pastor, St. Paul’s, Monesson, Pa., 
 1919-23; Frostburg, Md., 1923- ; m. Olive Gertrude Reighard, May 13, 
 1919; s. Geo. S.; res., Frostburg, Md. 
 
 1917 
 
 BECKSTRAND, OTTO GARFIELD, b. Cherry, Val. Twp., Winnebago 
 Co., Ill., May 7, 1887; s. Otto August and Anna Augusta (Carlson) B.; 
 A.B., Carthage Col., 1918; lic. Syn. N., Ill, 1918; ordained same, 1919; 
 assoc. Trinity Luth. Ch., Rockford, Ill.; m. Agnes Marie Anderson, Sept. 
 6, 1917; s. Otto Garfield, Jr., Robert Gabriel, dau. Margaret Agnes. 
 
 BINK, HOWARD FRANK, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Feb. 4, 1893; s. Harry G. 
 and Emma (Conrad) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1920; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1919; ord. same, 1920; pastor, Piedmont, W. Va., 1920- 
 22; Williamsport, Md., 1922- ; m. Verna Hill, June 12, 1922; s. Howard 
 H.; res., Williamsport, Md. 
 
 BOYER, FRANKLIN WEBSTER, b. Clarion Co., Pa, Aug. 29, 1884; s. 
 Jos. and Martha (Bruner) B.; A.B., Thiel Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
 1920; lic. Pb. S. Syn., 1919; ord. Pb. Syn., 1920; pastor, McKean, Pa., 
 1920- ; m. Pearle Irene Miller, May 24, 1922; res.. McKean, Pa. 
 
 BRENNEMAN, WILLIS RAYMOND, b. Seven Valleys, Pa., July 31, 
 1897; s. Abner and Elsie (Kessler) B.; B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; B.D., 
 Gbg. Sem., 1920; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1919; ord. Pb. Syn., 1920; pastor, 
 Grace, Clarion, Pa., 1920-21; Lebanon, Pa., 1922- ; m. Lela Belle Glad- 
 felter, Nov. 24, 1921; res., Felton, Pa. 
 
 CORBETT, CHARLES HOWARD, b. Balto., Nov. 7, 1890; s. Wm. H. 
 and Wilhelmina (Wolf) C.; LL.B., Balto. Law Sch., 1913; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1921; Johns Hopkins U., 1921-23; lic. Md. Syn., 1920; ord. same, 
 1921; pastor, Linthicum Heights, Md., 1921- ; lawyer in Md., 1913-17; 
 set., Ist C., U.S.A., 2nd Dt. Av. Sec., Mar. 23, 1918-Feb. 28, 1919; m. 
 Wilhelmina Marie Froehlich, Jan. 6, 1920; dau. Lois M.; res., Linthi- 
 cum Heights, Md. 
 
 578 
 
ALUMNI 1917 
 
 FINK, JAMES RUSSELL, b. N. York, Pa., Apr. 2, 1896; s. Jno. E. and 
 Sadie (Neiman) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1920; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1919; ord. same, 1920; miss. to India, 1920- ; m. Fairy 
 Leona Fink, June 9, 1920; dau., Mary E.; res., India. 
 
 FISHER, HENRY EARL, b. Karthaus, Pa., Jan. 18, 1894; s. Henry and 
 Lulu (Rhone) F.; Gbg. Col., A.B., 1917; Gbg. Sem., 1917-18; Union 
 Sem., 1918-21; M.A. Col., 1921; various church publicity offices; business, 
 1924- ; m. Lucia Smith, June 24, 1922; s. Bradford Smith, res., Bronx- 
 ville, N. Y. 
 
 HERSHEY, CLARENCE HENRY, b. Dover, Pa., May 25, 1894; s. Henry 
 and Annie E. (Hoffman) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1920; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1919; ord. same, 1920; pastor, Lehmaster, 1920- 
 22; Hellam, Pa., 1923- ; m. Erma Ellen Kohr, May 14, 1920; dau., 
 Eleanor L.; res., Hellam, Pa. 
 
 HORICK, PAUL JACOB, b. Melrose, Md., Jan. 22, 1891; s. Jacob and 
 Alice (Utz) H.; A.B., W. Md. Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1920; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1920; ord. same, 1921; pastor, Sylvan Chge., Pa., 1920-23; 
 Lemasters, Pa., 1923- ; m. Mary Agnes Leese, Dec. 22, 1916; children, 
 Geraldine A., Justin J., Melanchthon L.; res., Lemasters, Pa. 
 
 KUNKEL, NORMAN WILBUR, b. Dover, Pa., Oct. 4, 1893; s. Washn. 
 and Sarah (Boyer) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; Gbg. Sem., 1917-18; A.M., 
 Columbia U., 1921; ord. Presby. Min., 1921; pastor, Blue Grass, Ia., 
 1921- ; U.S. A,, Jan. 5, 1918-Dec. 5, 1918, 2nd It.; m. Dorothy Hunting- 
 ton Coffin, June 21, 1921; res., Blue Grass, Ia. 
 
 LARSEN, JENS PETER MOURITZ, b. Aalborg, Den., Nov. 2, 1892; s. 
 Mouritz and Anne M. (Nielsen) L.; emigrated May, 1912; Dana Col., 
 1 yr.; Union Miss. Trg. Inst., 3 yrs.; Gbg. Sem., 1917-19; lic. W. Pa. 
 Syn., 1918; ord. Sus. Syn., 1919; miss. to Africa, 1919- ; m. Magda 
 Cecilia Jorgensen, May 30, 1919; dau., Ellie D.; res., Liberia. 
 
 LOUDENSLAGER, PAUL EDWARD, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Sept. 23, 1894; 
 s. Chas. E. and Katie L. (Miller) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; Gbg. Sem., 
 1917-18; M.D., U. of Pa., 1922; interne Lankenau Hospital, Phila., 1922- 
 24; unmarried; enrolled as med. miss. 
 
 PETERS, WILLIAM HOWARD, b. Dallastown, Pa. Sept. 11, 1892; s. 
 W. H. and Katharine P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1920; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1919; ord. same, 1920; pastor, Chanceford, Pa., 1920-23; 
 Windber, Pa., 1923- ; unmarried; res., Windber, Pa. 
 
 579 
 
1918 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 ROST, LAWRENCE EUGENE, b. Red Lion, Pa., Sept. 6, 1894; s. Charles 
 August and Alice Anna (Neff) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; Gbg. Sem., 
 1917-1918; Ensign, U.S.N., 1918-19; business, 1919- ; m. Gladys Fulton, 
 June 10, 1920; res., Red Lion, Pa. 
 
 SCHILLINGER, GEORGE WILLIAM, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Sept. 17, 1893; 
 s. Jno. E. and Annie (Clafferty) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1920; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1919; ord. same, 1920; miss. to Japan, 
 1920- ; m. Esther Maria Yeager, June 9, 1920; dau., Mary L.; res., 
 Japan. 
 
 SLIFER, LUTHER WALTER, b. Idaville, Pa., Mar. 6, 1895; s. Wm. G. 
 and Mary B. (Walter) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1920; 
 B.D., Union Sem., 1921; A.M., Columbia U., 1921; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 
 1919; ord. Pb. Syn., 1921; pastor, Grove Chapel, Pa. 1921- ; m. 
 Matilda Joanne Anderson, Sept. 20, 1921; children, Mary B., Martha L.; 
 res., Grove Chapel, Pa. 
 
 SPANGLER, JOHN ALLEN, b. York Co., Pa., Oct. 2, 1892; s. John A. 
 and Anna M. (Menges) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; Gbg. Sem., 1917-18; 
 unmarried; d. Mar. 8, 1919. 
 
 1918 
 
 BAKER, RALPH WOLF, b. Youngstown, O., Oct. 17, 1898; s. Chas. W. 
 and Anna K. (Wolf) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1921; ord. 1921; pastor, Fairfield, Pa, 1921- ; m. Garnette Odessa 
 Frye, June 12, 1924; res., Fairfield, Pa. 
 
 CLOUSER, PAUL RUSSEL, b. Harrisburg, Pa., Jan. 19, 1897; s. David 
 and Ellen (Danner) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1921; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1920; ord. Ia. Syn., 1921; pastor, Valley Jct., Ia., 1921- 
 24; St. Paul’s, Marion, O., 1924- ; m. Vivian Louise Okerbloom, Dec. 
 25, 1920; res., Marion, O. 
 
 DRAWBAUGH, JACOB WILBUR, b. Steelton, Pa., Oct. 16, 1896; s. Eli 
 and Della (Rider) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1918; grad. Gbg. Sem. 1921; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1920; ord. same, 1921; pastor, Keyser, W. Va., 1921-25; 
 St. Luke’s, Balto., 1925- ; tutor, Gbg. Acad., 1918-19; m. Amelia Marie 
 Perry, Dec. 27, 1916; 3 children; res., Baltimore, Md. 
 
 GOTWALD, LUTHER ALEXANDER, b. Springfield, O., July 28, 1898; s. 
 Fred. G. and Julia (Small) G.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1918; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1921; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1920; ord. same, 1921; miss. to India, 1921- ; 
 m. Ethel Grace Bare, July 27, 1921; children, Fred. G., Emily L.; res., 
 India. 
 
 580 
 
ALUMNI 1918 
 
 GROVE, ELWOOD MARTIN, b. York Co., Pa., Dec. 6, 1894; s. Wm. M. 
 and Alice (Buckingham) G.;~-A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1921; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1920; ord. same, 1921; pastor, Trinity, Mechan- 
 icsburg, Pa., 1921-23; Bethlehem, Harrisburg, Pa. 1923- ; m. Emily 
 Frances Wright, May 17, 1921; res., Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 HAGEDORN, IVAN HENRY C., b. Westfield, Pa., Feb. 9, 1897; s. Hans 
 and Louise (Oldenberg) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1921; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1920; ord. same, 1921; pastor, Collingswood, 
 N. J., 1921- ; m. Anna Ingebar Dowling, Mar. 21, 1921; dau., Carol 
 L.; res., Collingswood, N. J. 
 
 HILNER, HOWARD KAUFFMAN, b. Danville, Pa, Mar. 8, 1897; s. 
 Alfred and Hannah (Kauffman) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1921; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1921; lic. E. Pa. Syn. 1920; ord.. same, 
 1921; pastor, St. Paul’s, New Cumberland, Pa., 1921-24; Watsontown, 
 Pa., 1924- ; m. Lena Ethel Markward, June 15, 1921; dau., Dorothea 
 M.; res., Watsontown, Pa. 
 
 HUFFER, RALPH S., b. Burkittsville, Md., July 30, 1896; s. Chas. S. and 
 Jennie (Hightman) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; Gbg. Sem., 1 sem.; B.D., 
 Hartford Sem., 1922; ord. Cong. Ch., 1922; pastor, Middlefield, Conn., 
 1922- ; m. Ruby E. Nikirk, May 29, 1922; s. Richard R.; res., Middle- 
 field, Conn. 
 
 MAXWELL, DAVID ELIAS, b. Jeannette, Pa., Mar. 12, 1894; s. Jacob 
 and Gertrude (Tompkins) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1917; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1922; ord. Pb. Syn., 1922; pastor, Clairton, Pa,, 1922-25; E. Pgh, 
 1925- ; prin, Trafford, Pa, H. S., 1917-18, 1919-20; m. Catherine 
 Anna Allshouse, Aug. 21, 1918; s. Robt. D.; res., E. Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 MILLER, HARMAN FREDERICK, b. Balto., Jan. 4, 1897; s. Jno. F. and 
 Louisa (Euler) M.; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1922; A.M., 
 Gbg. Col., 1922; lic. Md. Syn., 1921; ord. same, 1922; miss. to India, 
 1922-24; pastor, Punxsutawney, Pa., 1925- ; m. Clara Isabel Waring, 
 Aug. 10, 1922; dau., Ruth M.; res., Punxsutawney, Pa. 
 
 MILLER, ROBERT SHERIDAN, b. Johnstown, Pa. Mar. 12, 1894; s. 
 Henry D. and Mary (Repp) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1921; lic. Al. Syn., 1920; ord. Pb. Syn., 1921; pastor, St. Matt., 
 Crafton, Pa., 1921- ; m. Vera Clare Davis, June 15, 1920; children, 
 Ruth E., Mary A.; res., Crafton, Pa. 
 
 581 
 
1919 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 REDCAY, WILLIAM HAROLD, b. Oberlin, Pa., Nov. 11, 1897; s. Wm. 
 I. and Lulu (Snoddy) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col. 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem, 
 1922; U. of Pa., 1922-24; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1921; ord. same, 1922; pas- 
 tor, Westville, N. J., 1922-24; Reisterstown, Md., 1924- ; unmarried; 
 res., Reisterstown, Md. 
 
 SHETTEL, PAUL OTTERBEIN, b. Big Spring, Pa., Sept. 21, 1895; s. 
 Jno. A. and Elizabeth (Crowl) S.; A.B., Lebanon Valley Col., 1918; 
 Gbg. Sem., 1918-20; B.D., Bonebroke Sem., 1921; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1924; 
 Westminster Sem., 1923-25; lic. Pa. Conf. U. B. Ch., 1916; ord. same, 
 1921; pastor, Limeridge, Wisc., 1917; Mechanicsburg, Pa., 1917-18; Big- 
 lersville, Pa., 1918-20; Yankeetown, O., 1920-21; Walkersville, Md., 
 1921- ;m. L. Viola Witmer, June 15, 1922; children, Paul O., Viola E.; 
 res., Walkersville, Md. 
 
 STINE, RALPH E. A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; Gbg. Sem, 1918-19; grad. 
 stud., Lafayette Col.; res., Easton, Pa. 
 
 STONESIFER, WADE EARL, b. Littlestown, Pa. Oct. 28, 1892; s. An- 
 drew S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1921; Oxford U., 1921- 
 22; lic. Md. Syn., 1920; ord. Episc. Ch., 1923; rector, Irvington, Md., 
 1923- 
 
 WAGNER, RALPH LaSHELLE, b. Gordon, Pa., June 11, 1892; s. Wm. E. 
 and Etta G. (LaShelle) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1918; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1922; lic. E. Pa. Syn, 1921; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1922; pastor, Lower 
 Frankford, Pa., 1922- ; m. Stella Barton Shumaker, Aug. 9, 1922; dau., 
 Margaret E.; res., Carlisle, Pa. 
 
 1919 
 
 CREAGER, HAROLD LUTHER, b. Gbg., Nov. 10, 1897; s. Leander and 
 Elizabeth (Snyder) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1918; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1922; 
 Columbia U., 1922-23; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1921; ord. same, 1922; pastor, 
 Our Saviour, N. Y. Cty., 1922-23; prof., Dickinson Sem., 1918-19; instr., 
 Gbg. Sem., 1920-22; prof., Sus. U., 1923- ; m. Grace Dorothy Clarke, 
 Sept. 1, 1923; res., Selinsgrove, Pa. 
 
 FRANK, CHARLES ORVIS, b. Rebersburg, Pa., Apr. 17, 1880; s. Jas. P. 
 and Margaret (Spangler) F.; A.B., Sus. U., 1903; tchg. 1903-05; asst. 
 prin. Bloomsburg, Pa., H. S., 1905-09; prin. Huntingdon, Pa, H. S., 
 1909-12; prin. Philipsburg, Pa., H. S., 1912-19; Gbg. Sem., 1919-20; lic. 
 Al. Syn., 1919; ord. Pb. Syn., 1920; pastor Punxsutawney, Pa., 1920-24; 
 Bethany, New Castle, Pa., 1924- ; m. Rebecca Covert, Aug. 23, 1905; 
 children, Elizabeth C., May C., James N., Chas. E.; res., New Castle, Pa 
 
 582 
 
ALUMNI 1919 
 
 FUNK, DAVID MELANCHTHON, b. Apr. 5, 1893; s. Milton and Mary 
 (Rorabaugh) F.; Grove City Col., 1915-16; Gbg. Col., 1916-17; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1922; ord. 1922; pastor, Oakland, Md., 1922-26; Morgan- 
 town, W. Va., 1926-  ; prin. Nanty Glo, Pa., Schs., 1913-15; U.S.A., Mar. 
 29, 1918-July 5, 1919; at Somme, St. Mahiel, Meuse-Argonne; m. Hazel 
 Claire Thayer, July 27, 1924; res., Morgantown, W. Va. 
 
 LANG, ROBERT LUTHER, b. Williamsburg, Pa., Feb. 26, 1897; s. Jno. 
 E. and Jennie (Garman) L.; Gbg. Col., 1913-14; U. of Pgh., 1916-17; 
 grad. Gbg. Sem., 1922; lic. Al. Syn., 1921; ord. Md. Syn., 1922; pastor, 
 Jefferson, Md., 1922- ; U. S. S. Orizaba, May, 1917-Apr., 1919; M. Grace 
 Ella Rudisill, May 18, 1918; s. Robt. L.; res., Jefferson, Md. 
 
 LESHER, LELAND HUBERT, b. Valley Falls, Kans., Oct. 27, 1896; s. 
 Saml. M. and Addie (Young) L.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1918; Gbg. Sem., 
 1919-21; lic. Ia. Syn., 1920; ord. same, 1921; pastor, Waterloo, Ia., 1921- 
 25; Muscatine, Iowa, 1925- ; m. Alice Schmoldt, Aug. 31, 1920; s. David 
 M.; res., Muscatine, Ia. 
 
 RICKER, CHARLES C., b. Mt. Holly Springs, Pa, Apr. 17, 1897; s. 
 Walter and Clara (Keefauver) R.; A.B., Gbg.- Col., 1918; B.D., Gbg. 
 Sem., 1922; lic. Al. Syn., 1921; ord. Pb. Syn., 1922; pastor, North East, 
 Pa., 1922-24; Westville, N. J., 1924-25; Reformation, Phila., 1925- ; Co. 
 F, 11th Ret., U. S. Marines, A. E. F., 1918-19; m. E. Grace Gaunt, Nov. 
 15, 1923; res., Phila., Pa: 
 
 SAUL, HARRY LUTHER, b. Pine Grove, Pa., Mar. 12, 1893; s. Howard 
 and Ellen (Raubenhold) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1918; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1922; U. of Pa., 1924-; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1921; ord same 1922; ‘pastor, 
 Palmyra, N. J., 1922-26; Bedford, Pa., 1926- ; U.S. A., May 28, 1918- 
 Dec. 12, 1918, 335 Mch. Gun Bat.; m. Blanche Hoffman, May 6, 1922; 
 she d. July 14, 1923; res., Bedford, Pa. 
 
 SCHONING, ARNT LARS, b. Christiana, Nor., 1890; s. Jno. L. and 
 Josephine (Jacobsen) S.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1918; Gbg. Sem., 1919-20; 
 B.D., Yale Div. Sch., 1922; ord. Christian Ch.; pastor, Westerly, R. I, 
 1923- ; World War, 1917-18; m. Mabel Elizabeth Ballon, 1918; s. Jno. 
 B.; res., Westerly, R. I. 
 
 SHINDLER, RAYMOND CLAYTON, b. York, Pa., May 3, 1898; s. David 
 and Hattie (Schriver) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1922; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1921; ord. same, 1922; pastor, Messiah, Balto., 1922-  ; 
 m. Rosa Elizabeth Stiles, June 7, 1923; res., Balto, Md. 
 
 583 
 
1920 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 VENABLE, CHARLES LESLIE, b. Franklin Co., Pa., Feb. 10, 1898; A.B., 
 Gbg. Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1922; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1921; ord. 
 Md. Syn., 1922; pastor, Grace, Easton, Md., 1922- ; U.S.A.A.S., June 
 25, 1917-June 4, 1919; at Amiens, Somme, Noyson, Oise; m. Vera Long, 
 June 20, 1922; res., Easton, Md. 
 
 WEBNER, CLARENCE GEORGE, b. Chicago, Ill, Sept. 29, 1895; s. 
 Harvey J. and Barbara S. (Erb) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1916; pvt. Co. D, 
 304th Engr., 79th Div., sailed for France July 10, 1918; on Verdun 
 front, Sept. 21-28, and Mountfaucon front until Oct. 1, on Nantillois 
 front, Oct. 4, and gassed, on Bellaray and Death Valley fronts, Oct. 29- 
 Nov. 11, 1918; teaching, Hawley, Pa., 1916-18, and Bradford, Pa., 1920; 
 Gbg. Sem. Ist sem., 1919; unmarried; d. f. effects of gas, June 18, 1920. 
 
 WILLIAMS, PATRICK HENRY, b. Mt. Williams, Va., Dec. 31, 1887; s. 
 Jas. H. and Aurelia (Bean) W.; Roanoke Col., 1913-15, 1916-18; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1922; lic. Md. Syn., 1921; ord. same 1922; pastor, Hamp- 
 stead, Md., 1922-24; E. Riverdale, Md., 1924-25; Union Bridge, Md., 
 1925- ; U.S. A., May 25, 1918-Nov. 23, 1918; m. Ruth Richter, July 26, 
 1922; res., Union Bridge, Md. 
 
 YUND, ROY LA VERNE, b. New Kensington, Pa., Oct. 30, 1898; s. Chas. 
 W. and Anna (Shoop) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1919; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1922; 
 Livingstone Col., London, 1922; ord. Pb. Syn., 1922; miss. to Africa, 
 1922-24; pastor, Worthington, Pa., 1924- ; m. Ruth Brode, June 1, 1922; 
 s. Lowell C.; res., Worthington, Pa. 
 
 1920 
 
 AMAN, JOHN ANDREW, b. Hyattsville, Md., May 31, 1899; s. Frank 
 and Esther (Compher) A.; A.B., Geo. Washn. U., 1920; A.M., same 1922; 
 B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1923; lic. Md. Syn., 1922; ord. same, 1923; miss. wk. 
 in Indianapolis, Ind., 1923-24; pastor, St. Jnos., Mahanoy City, Pa., 
 1924- ; m. Mary Louise Whittington, June 21, 1923; res., Mahanoy 
 City, ! Pa, 
 
 BOUSUM, JACOB ST. CLAIR, b. E. Prospect, Pa., June 4, 1897; s. John 
 F, and Abbie (Keller) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1923; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1922; ord. same 1923; pastor, Springfield Gardens, 
 L. I., 1923- ; unmarried; res., Springfield Gardens, L. I. 
 
 GEIGER, CHARLES DAVID, b. Bloomsburg, Pa., Nov. 6, 1894; s. David 
 and Martha (Case) G.; A.B., Albright Col., 1920; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1923; lic. E. Pa, Syn., 1922; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 1923; pastor, 2d, Cham- 
 
 584 
 
ALUMNI 1920 
 
 bersburg, Pa., 1923-24; Immanuel, Phila., 1924- ; m. Mabel Catharine 
 Holsapple, Aug. 16, 1916; children, Richard A., Dorothy V.; res., Phila. 
 
 HILDEBRAND, CLINTON FREDERICK, Jr. b. York, Pa. Aug. 25, 
 1897; s. Clinton and Bertha (Ziegler) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B.D., 
 Gbg. Sem., 1923; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1922; ord. Pb. Syn., 1923; pastor, 
 Carnegie, Pa., 1923-24; North East, Pa., 1924- ; m. Hazel Kathryn 
 Bartow, June 11, 1923; s. Clinton F.; res., No. East, Pa. 
 
 KELLER, LLOYD MONROE, b. Shrewsbury, Pa., July 29, 1894; s. Saml. 
 F. and Katherine (Wagner) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; Nancy U., 1919; 
 B.D., Bbg. Sem., 1923; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1922; ord. Pb. Syn., 1923; pas- 
 tor, Arnold, Pa., 1923- ; U.S. A., 1918-19, A. E. F., 11 mos.; m. Naomi 
 Rose Gram, July 10, 1924; res., Arnold, Pa. 
 
 LEHN, JOHN HENRY, b. York, Pa., June 2, 1897; s. Wm. H. and Fan- 
 nie (Keesey) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1923; lic. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1922; ord. same 1923; pastor, Dickinson, Pa., 1923-24; New 
 Cumberland, Pa., 1924- ; instr. Gbg. Col., 1919-20; m. Violet Miriam 
 Shenk, Sept. 26, 1925; res., New Cumberland, Pa. 
 
 MILLER, GUY EDWARD, b. nr. Newville, Pa., Apr. 13, 1894; s. Jerry 
 and Mary C. (Elliott) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1923; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1922; ord. same 1923; pastor, Jerome, Pa., 1923- 
 24; Biglerville, Pa., 1924-25; St. Paul’s, Mercersburg, Pa., 1925- ; U.S. 
 N. R. F., July 19-Dec. 20, 1918; m. Mary Mentzer, June 19, 1923; dau. 
 Emma C.; res., Mercersburg, Pa. 
 
 MIURA, INOKO, b. Kurume, Japan, 1886; s. Senjiro and Ito M.; mem- 
 ber ancient Samurai caste; Kumamoto Sem., 1909-15; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1922; Johns Hopkins U., 1922-23; Columbia U., 1922; ord. in Japan, 1917; 
 pastor in Shimonoseki and Yokyo, 1915-20; member Ex. Com. Luth. Ch. 
 in Japan; trustee Luther Girls’ Sch.; prof. Luth. Sem. in Japan, 1923-_ ; 
 ed. The Luth. in Japan, 1917-18, 1923- ; m. Michiko Saruki, Dec. 12, 
 1919; sons, Yoshikazu, Tetsuo; res., Japan. 
 
 NEAL, CLARENCE ARTHUR, b. Waynesboro, Pa., Dec. 7, 1895; s. Wm. 
 L. and Annie (Saylor) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 1923; lic. Md. Syn., 1922; ord. same, 1923; pastor, Myersville, Md., 
 1923- ;m. Caroline Maude Baker, May 24, 1923; res., Myersville, Md. 
 
 PIPER, EDWARD ALBERT, b. Sharon, Wis., Jan. 9, 1893; s. Rufus and 
 Clara (Peters) P.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1920; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1923; 
 ord. Ill. Syn., 1923; pastor, Webster City, Ia., 1923- ; U. S. A., June 
 
 585 
 
1921 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 19, 1918-Sept. 3, 1920; m. Tena Marie Peterson, June 14, 1923; res., 
 Webster City, Ia. 
 
 PUTMAN, DWIGHT FREDERICK, b. Somerset, Pa., Sept. 3, 1898; s. 
 Wm. B. and Caroline (Shaulis) P.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920: A.M., same 
 1923; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1923; lic. Al. Syn., 1922; ord. same 1924; pastor, 
 Cairnbrook, Pa., 1923- ; m. Agnes Rebecca Kelly, Aug. 18, 1924; res., 
 Cairnbrook, Pa. 
 
 STAMM, RAYMOND THOMAS, b. Milton, Pa., 1894; s. Jacob and Lydia 
 (Long); S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1923; U. of Chgo., 
 1923-  ; tchg., Northd. Co., Pa., 1912-15; instr., Gbg. Col., 1920-23; instr., 
 Gbg. Sem., 1922-23; sgt., U. S. A., Med. Dt., 1918-19; unmarried. 
 
 STERNAT, HENRY WICH, b. Balto., Oct. 16, 1897; s. Maximilian and 
 Barbara (Pfosch) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B. D., Gbg. Sem., 1923; lic. 
 Md. Syn., 1922; ord. same, 1923; pastor, Lansdowne, Md., 1923-25; Big- 
 lersville, Pa., 1925- ; m. Mary Marguerite Hollinger, May 25, 1923; 
 dau. Dorothy L.; res., Biglerville, Pa. 
 
 WALDKOENIG, ARTHUR CHRISTIAN, b. Balto., June 28, 1900; s. Geo. 
 and Amelia (Kach) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1923; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1922; ord. 1923; pastor, Epiphany, Pgh., Pa., 1923- ; m. 
 Carolyn Ellen Metcalfe, June 28, 1923; res., Pgh., Pa. 
 
 WINDMAN, ERNEST PAUL, b. Muscatine, Ia., Nov. 7, 1892; s. Wm. B. 
 and Henrietta (Bloomer) W.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1920; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1923; ord. Ill. Syn., 1923; pastor, Bridgeport, O., 1923- ; U.S. N., 
 1918-19; unmarried; res., Bridgeport, O. 
 
 YIENGST, KIRBY MAHLON, b. Myerstown, Pa., June 1, 1895; s. Milton 
 and Ida (Lutz) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; grad., Gbg. Sem., 1923; lic. 
 E. Pa. Syn., 1922; ord. same, 1923; pastor, Union Deposit, Pa., 
 1923- ; tchg., Myerstown H. S., 1915, Hain’s P. S., 1915-16; m. Lola 
 Alice Spannuth, May 24, 1924; res., Union Deposit, Pa. 
 
 1921 
 
 BRAME, EDWARD GRANT, b. Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 6, 1897; s. Ira F. B.; 
 A.B., Dickinson Col., 1921; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1924; ord. W. Pa. Syn., 
 1924; pastor, Friesburg, N. J., 1924- ; m. Sue L. Musser, May 27, 
 1924; res., Elmer, N. J. 
 
 COBLE, OLIVER DEWEY, b. Allegheny, Pa., Aug. 2, 1898; s. Jacob and 
 Susie (Kistler) C.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1924; lic. 
 
 586 
 
ALUMNI 1921 
 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, Bendersville, Pa., 1924-  ; 
 unmarried; res., Bendersville, Pa. 
 
 DEITRICH, LaROY SEIBERT, b. Palmyra, Pa., Sept. 20, 1896; s. Chas. 
 A. and Sarah E. (Seibert) D.; A.B., L. V. Col., 1918; prof., Hamburg, 
 N. J., H. S., 1918-19; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1924; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. 
 same, 1924; pastor, Westernport, Md., 1924-25; m. Margaret Donaldson 
 Horner, June 11, 1924; s. La Roy S.; res., Gettysburg, Pa. 
 
 ENDRES, JOSEPH EARL, b. Huntingdon, Pa., Oct. 25, 1893; s. Miles and 
 Mollie (Grove) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1924; lic. 
 Al. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, Howard Beach, L. I., 1924- ; 
 U. S. A., Sept. 21, 1917-Dec. 13, 1918; dis. 2nd It.; m. Mildred Bales, 
 May 16, 1924; res., Howard Beach, L. I. 
 
 FALKENSTEIN, ELWOOD S., b. York Co., Pa., Jan. 4, 1898; s. Chas. C. 
 and Minnie (Henry) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1924; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, St. Paul’s, Newville, 
 Pa., 1924- ; U.S. A., July, 1918-Aug., 1919; m. Ruth M. Diehl, May 
 20, 1924; res., Newville, Pa. 
 
 HAFER, GLENN TEETER, b. Marion, Pa., Nov. 1, 1897; s. Nicholas and 
 Sarah (Teeter) H.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1924; lic. 
 W. Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, nr. Red Lion, Pa., 1924- ; 
 m. Mabel Jane Snoke, May 24, 1923; res., Red Lion, Pa. 
 
 HUDDLE, WILLIAM CHALMERS, b. Salisbury, N. C., Feb. 6, 1897; s. 
 W. P. and Sarah (Coley) H.; A.B., Roanoke Col., 1917; grad. Gbg. 
 Sem., 1924; lic. Va. Syn., 1924; pastor, Greenville, Tenn., 1924-25; Tom’s 
 Brook, Va., 1925- ; U. S. N. R. F., Oct. 23, 1918-Dec. 30, 1919; m. 
 Gladys Claudine Kimler, Sept. 9, 1924; res., Tom’s Brook, Va. 
 
 LIND, RALPH WINFIELD, b. Altoona, Pa., Nov. 7, 1897; s. Chas. L. and 
 Mary (Hopple) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1924; lic. 
 Al. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, Fayetteville, Pa., 1924- ; un- 
 married. 
 
 LITTLE, JOHN HAROLD, b. Hanover, Pa., July 8, 1895; s. Jno. W. and 
 Sophia (Miller) L.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1924- 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, New Chester, Pa., 
 1924-  ; unmarried. 
 
 MORTENSEN, LUDWIG CHRISTIAN, b. St. Paul, Minn., Jan. 30, 1883; 
 s. Vilhelm and Gertrude (Pedersen) M.; Luther Col.; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 
 587 
 
1921 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1924; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; U. S. A., Sept. 7, 1917- 
 Apr. 3, 1919, A. E. F.; pastor, W. Fairview, Pa., 1924- ; m. Ruth Anna 
 Meales, June 6, 1923; s. John M.; res., West Fairview, Pa. 
 
 REGINI, LAWRENCE, b. Galveston, Tex., Apr. 9, 1897; s. Guiseppe and 
 Angelina (Gattoli) R.; Bib. Sem., 1918-21; Gbg. Sem., 1921-23; miss. 
 for Pb. Syn., 1923-24; not lic.; unmarried; d. Feb. 1, 1924. 
 
 ROBINSON, FELIX GRIFFIN, b. Oakland, Md., July 24, 1898; s. Jno. G. 
 and Martha (Hinebaugh) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1925; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1924; ord. same, 1925; pastor, Incarnation, Ja- 
 maica, L. I., 1925- ; m. Cora Lucille Henry, June 7, 1925. 
 
 SEILER, GEORGE HENDERSON, b. Fishers’ Ferry, Pa., Dec. 28, 1888; 
 s. Airsman and Rosa (Snyder) S.; A.B., Sus. U., 1909; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1924; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, Shanksville, Pa., 
 1924- ; m. Anna Yeager, Apr. 4, 1911; children, Ruth J., Roland Y.., 
 Lloyd H.; res., Shanksville, Pa. 
 
 SHAULIS, SAMUEL SYLVESTER, b. Marklesburg, Pa., May 31, 1897; s. 
 Saml. A. and Mary (Miller) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 
 1924; lic. Al. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1924; pastor, New Millport, Pa., 
 1924- ; m. Gracia Woodward, June 1, 1925; res., New Millport, Pa. 
 
 SHUMAKER, STELLA BARTON, b. Elliotsburg, Pa. July 8, 1898; dau., 
 Luther M. and Elizabeth (Stambaugh) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; A.M., 
 same, 1922; Gbg. Sem., 1921-22; 1st female stud. Gbg. Sem.; m. Ralph 
 LaShelle Wagner, Aug. 9, 1922; dau. Margaret E.; res., Carlisle, Pa. 
 
 SIEGART, WILLIAM RAYMOND, b. Colfax, Pa., Aug. 8, 1897; s. Jno. 
 W. and Margaret (Hessom) S.; Tri-State Col.; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1924; 
 ord. N. Y. Syn., 1924; pastor, Our Savior, Jamaica, L. I., 1924-26; Ram- 
 sey, N. J., 1926- ; mem. Am. Hist. Assn.; U. S. S. Nicholson, 1917-18; 
 U.S. A., 1918-19, A. E. F.; m. Pauline Gladys Kaiser, Aug. 3, 1925; res. 
 Ramsey, N. J. 
 
 WOODWARD, LUTHER ELLIS, b. Walnut, Pa., Mar. 11, 1897; s. Emory 
 and Anna (McCahan) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; A.M., same, 1924; 
 B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1924; Columbia U. and Union Sem., 1924- ; lic. C. 
 Pa. Syn., 1923; ord. Sus. Syn. of C. Pa., 1924; pastor, Ascension, Brook- 
 lyn, N. Y., 1924- ; unmarried. 
 
 YOUNG, HENRY BECK, b. Hagerstown, Md., Dec. 23, 1891; s. Henry O. 
 and Naomi (Beck) Y.; Gbg. Acad., 1913-15, 1916-17; grad. Gbg. Sem., 
 
 588 
 
ALUMNI 1922 
 
 1924; lic. Md. Syn., 1923; ord. same, 1925; pastor, Concordia, Balto., 
 1925- ; overseas with Adj. Gen. Dept., 1918-19. 
 
 1922 
 
 BOWER, PHILIP, b. Gbg., Oct. 29, 1897; s. Philip and Harriet (Bucher) 
 B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1922; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1925; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1924; 
 pastor, Emmitsburg, Md., 1925- ; m. Eva Clair Deardorff, May 28, 1921. 
 
 FOULK, PAUL LEVI, b. Littlestown, Pa., Dec. 31, 1896; s. Levi and Ella 
 (Rudisill) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1922; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1925; A.M., Gbg. 
 Col., 1925; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1924; pastor, St. Mark’s, Clarksburg, W. 
 Va., 1925- ; U. S. S. Edenton, 1918-19; co-ed. Adams Co. in the World 
 War; m. Mary Louella Bower, June 26, 1923. 
 
 FUHRMAN, ARTHUR ALPHEUS, b. Hanover, Pa., Nov. 17, 1899; s. 
 Wm. H. and Ida (Kain) F.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1921; Gbg. Sem., 1922-24; 
 lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1924; d. Dec. 2, 1924. 
 
 GERARD, EARL A., b. Carthage, Ill, July 30, 1899; s. Charles A. and 
 Bertha (Payne) G.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1922; Gbg. Sem., 1922-23; 
 A. E. F. Sig. Corps, 1918-19; res., U. of N. Dakota. 
 
 GULCK, GEORGE KROHN, b. Aalborg, Denmark, Dec. 22, 1895; s. 
 Friederich and Christine (Jensen) G.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1921; Gbg. Sem., 
 1922; U. of Md., 1924- ; emigrated, 1917; naturalized, 1923; prep. for 
 med. miss. 
 
 JOHANSON, ERNEST JEROME, b. Chgo., Ill, Dec. 9, 1924; s. Jos. and 
 Mathilda (Sundberg) J.; A.B., Carthage Col. 1922; Gbg. Sem., 1922- 
 23; Hartford Sem., 1923-25; U. of Wis., 1922, 23, 24; lic. E. Pa. Syn, 
 1924; entered min. of Cong. Ch. 
 
 KECK, GEORGE HARROLD, b. Cherry Hill, Md., Aug. 21, 1901; s. Geo. 
 M. and Lydia (Ward) K.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1922; Gbg. Sem., 1922-23; 
 prof., Martinsburg, W. Va., H. S., 1923- ; m. Mary Elizabeth Bar- 
 behenn, May 16, 1923; res., Martinsburg, W. Va. 
 
 MERTZ, WALTER L., b. Balto., July 12, 1899; s. Harry and Elizabeth 
 M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1922; Gbg. Sem., 1922-23; B.D., Yale U., 1925; 
 res., Balto. 
 
 MILLER, RAYMOND CLINTON, b. Allentown, Pa., July 17, 1897; s. 
 Clinton and Lillie (Moser) M.; A.B., Muhlenberg Col., 1922; Gbg. Sem., 
 
 589 
 
1923 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1922-24; A.M., Gbg. Col., 1924; B.D., Yale U., 1925; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 
 1924; pastor, Riegelsville, Pa., 1925- 
 
 MUMPER, JACOB HAROLD, b. Gbg., June 4, 1899; s. Jacob and Ida 
 (Kitzmiller) M.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1921; Boston Tech., 1921-22; grad. 
 Gbg. Sem., 1925; instr.. Gbg. Sem., 1923-25; lic. W. Pa. Syn., 1924; 
 pastor, Westville, N. J., 1925- ; unmarried. 
 
 NAGELE, CARL ROBERT, b. Conshohocken, Pa., Dec. 26, 1899; s. Chas. 
 C. and Sallie (Smith) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1922; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1925; 
 lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1924; pastor, Lionville, Pa., 1925- ; unmarried. 
 
 SCHWARTZ, GEORGE PHILIP, b. York, Pa., Oct. 7, 1899; s. Jno. and 
 Susan (Myers) S.; Gbg. Col., 1920-21; grad. Nyack Miss. Sch., 1922; 
 Gbg. Sem., 1922-24; d. May 29, 1924. 
 
 SIEBOLD, CHARLES EARL, b. Dayton, O., July 13, 1901; s. Jos. R. and 
 Mary (Koch) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; Gbg. Sem., 1922-23; B.D., 
 Hartford Sem., 1925; res., Dayton, O. 
 
 SORRICK, RAYMOND CLYDE, b. Aitch, Pa., Dec. 24, 1893; s. Saml. 
 and Flora (Taylor) S.; Gbg. Col., 1913-15; U. of Pgh., 1915; A.B., Gbg. 
 Col., 1925; B.D., Gbg. Sem., 1925; lic. Al. Syn., 1924; pastor, Woods- 
 boro, Md., 1925- ; U.S. A., 9 mos., A. E. F., 6 mos.; m. Hadessa Mae 
 Hoover, June 14, 1917; dau. Marjorie M. 
 
 WAGNER, JOHN HOY, b. Glasgow, Pa., Oct. 30, 1898; s. Wm. J. and 
 Katharine (Hoy) W.; Sus. Col., 1916-17; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1920; B.D., 
 Gbg. Sem., 1925; U. of Pgh.; Pa. State; Columbia U.; ord. Sus. Syn., 
 1925; pastor, Gerrittsen Beach, L. I., 1925- ; prin. Turbotville, Pa., 
 H. S., 1920-22; instr., Gbg. Col., 1923-25; unmarried. 
 
 WILLARD, PIERCE MAIN, b. Frederick, Md., Sept. 1, 1898; s. Clinton 
 and Sallie (Main) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1922; grad. Gbg. Sem., 1925; 
 lic. Md. Syn., 1924; pastor, St. Paul’s, Balto., 1925- ; unmarried. 
 
 1923 
 BULLER, EDWARD BARD, Jr., b. Maytown, Pa., Mar. 4, 1901; s. Ed. 
 
 B. and Christie (Sload) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; lic. E. Pa. Syn., 1925. 
 pastor-elect, Rosedale, L. I. 
 
 DIEHL, WILLIAM CLARENCE, b. Nittany, Pa., Oct. 23, 1901; s. Wm. 
 K. and Annie (Sheely) D.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; Gbg. Sem., 1923-24; 
 tchg., 1924-25. ; 
 
 590 
 
ALUMNI 1923 
 
 ERHARD, WILLIAM MELANCHTHON, b. New Millport, Pa., Nov. 2, 
 1896; s. Robt. and Laura (Martz) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; instr., Gbg. 
 Acad., 1924-25. 
 
 ESHENAUR, THEODORE WILBUR, b. Oberlin, Pa., Dec. 22, 1899; s. Wm. 
 I. and Bertha E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923. 
 
 MOGEL, CHARLES LUTHER, b. Newport, Pa., Sept. 18, 1894; s. Jesse 
 and Melinda (Carl) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923. 
 
 NAUS, ALFORD RAYMOND, b. Berwick, Pa., Apr. 2, 1901; s. Henry and 
 Margaret (Hudelson) N.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923. 
 
 PEERY, THOMAS BENTON, b. ‘Nagasaki, Japan, Feb. 9, 1898; s. Rufus 
 B. and Letitia (Rich) P.; A.B., Midland Col., 1920; U. of Chgo., 1922. 
 
 REDCAY, MARK S., s. Wm. I. R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; Gbg. Sem., 
 1923-24; res., Clay, N. Y. 
 
 RINGS, WILLIAM REFUS, b. Amlin, O., June 17, 1898; s. Wm. F. and 
 Nettie (Clover) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; lic. Md. Syn., 1925; mgr. 
 Office Service Bureau, Gbg., 1922- ; m. Louise Evelyn Casper, Apr. 11, 
 1917; dau. Miriam E. 
 
 ROBINSON, RALPH CARLETON, b. Oakland, Md., Feb. 20, 1901; s. 
 Jno. G. and Martha (Hinebaugh) R.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; lic. W. 
 Pa. Syn.,,1925. 
 
 SIMON, CARL ROBERT, b. Cincinnati, O., July 17, 1901; s. Jacob and 
 Lois (Vose) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; lic. Md. Syn., 1925; instr., Gbg. 
 Col., 1923-25. 
 
 SPANGLER, JACOB MONROE, b. E. Berlin, Pa., June 28, 1899; s. Cur- 
 tis and Eliza (Eyster) S.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1920; tchg., 1920-23; lic. W. 
 Pa. Syn., 1925. 
 
 STUEBER, FREDERICK, b. Pgh., Pa., June 30, 1901; s. Geo. and Mary 
 (Schneider) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923. . 
 
 WEBNER, HARVEY WALTER, b. nr. Gary, Ind., June 29, 1901; s. Har- 
 vey and Barbara (Erb) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1923; m. Ellen Mae Hoff- 
 man, May 21, 1925. 
 
 591 
 
1924 HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 1924 
 
 ERB, HARVEY MONROE, b. Fisherville, Pa. Jan. 17, 1895; s. Chas. F. 
 and Carrie (Shepley) E.; A.B., Sus. U., 1924. 
 
 HAUPTMANN, FRIEDRICH JOHANNES, b. Cunewalde, Saxony, Ger., 
 Apr. 4, 1890; s. Fried. A. and Olga (Petasch) H.; Meissen Gym., 1901- 
 10; prof., Deut. Obersch. and Lehrersem., Dresden-Plauen, 1922-23; 
 asst. prof., Gbg. Col., 1924-25; It. engrs., Ger. army, 1915-18, in Rus- 
 sia, Belgium, France; recd. Iron Cross; m. Marie Anna Haferkorn, Apr. 
 3, 1915; adopted dau. Martha; res., Gbg. 
 
 LESHER, MAURICE EDWIN, b. Dakota City, Neb. Sept. 18, 1901; s. 
 Saml. M. and Addie (Young) L.; A.B., Carthage Col., 1923; supply, 
 Trivoli, Ill., 1923-24. 
 
 MORECRAFT, EDWARD I., b. Bayonne, N. J., Oct. 22, 1898; s. Jas. and 
 Margaret (Prendergest) M.; Hart. Sem., 1918-21; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1924. 
 
 SENFT, CLETUS ARTHUR, b. Spring Grove, Pa., Apr. 8, 1901; s. Calvin 
 and Cora (Trump) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1924; m. Florence Minerva 
 Kautz, June 25, 1925. 
 
 SIMOLEIT, HANS OTTO FERDINAND, b. Danzig, Ger., Sept. 14, 1894; 
 s. August and Minna (Rahn) S.; Danziger Anwaltskammer, 1913-14, 
 1919-21; Breklum Sem., 1921-23; Kropp Sem., 1919; Danziger Volks- 
 hochsch, 1921-23; Kiel U.; Gbg. Sem., 1924-25; lic. Md. Syn., 1924; 
 ord. same, 1925; pastor, Rochester-Monaca, Pa., 1925- ; instr., Kropp 
 Sem., 1922-23; German Army, 1914-19; recd. Red Cross 3rd Cl.; un- 
 married; res., Rochester, Pa. 
 
 STAHLMAN, CHARLES ELIAS, b. Ringgold, Pa., Mar. 23, 1884; s. Jacob 
 and Mary (Brosius) S.; A.B., Geneva Col. 1918; tchg., 19 yrs.; spec. 
 stud. Gbg. Sem., 1924-25; pastor, Lineboro, Pa., 1925- ; m. Nettie 
 Jane Mauk, Jan. 1, 1911; children, Chas. R., Sara H., Alice C. 
 
 WAYBRIGHT, WALTER ERNEST, b. Adams Co., Pa., Nov. 11, 1899; s. 
 Frank. and Ella (Reaver) W.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1924. 
 
 YOST, HUGH EUGENE, b. Hanover, Pa., Sept. 22, 1902; s. Morris and 
 Cora (Anthony) Y.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1924. 
 
 ZBINDEN, OTTO, b. Ruppersdorf, Saxony, Ger., Nov. 5, 1896; s. Hans and 
 Clara (Nitsche) Z.; Berlin Miss. Sem. and U. of Berlin, 1919-23; Kropp 
 Sem., 1923-24. . 
 
 592 
 
ALUMNI 1925 
 
 1925 
 
 ALLEMAN, HENRY SNYDER, b. Roxbury, Pa., March 27, 1897; s. Martin 
 Luther and Anne Elizabeth (Fannestock) A.; Gbg. Acad., 1918; Cumber- 
 land Val. S. Nor. School, 1922; prin., Woodbury H. S., 1922-25; pvt. 
 A. E. F, Hosp. Trains 52 and 58, 1918-19; m. Pearl Baker, June 2, 1921; 
 children, Elwood Snyder and Martin Luther. 
 
 AUNGST, SPENCER WENRICH, b. Reinholds, Pa., Jan. 4, 1904; s. Harry 
 Homer and Alice (Wenrich) A.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 
 
 BARNES, JOHN LUTHER, b. Williamsport, Md., June 14, 1903; s. Samuel 
 C. and Mamie E. (Byers) B.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1925. 
 
 BAUBLITZ, EARL RAYMOND, b. York, Pa., March 10, 1902; s. Wilson 
 and Emma (Ziegler) B.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 
 
 BORLEIS, JOHN HENRY AUGUST, b. Balto, Md. July 20, 1902; s. 
 August and Rosalie (Goldschmidt) B.; Gbg. Acad.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 
 
 CURRAN, GEORGE JACOB, b. Chanceford Twp., York Co., Pa., July 29, 
 1900; s. Joseph Andrew and Margarette Ellen (Warner) C.; Gbg. 
 Acad.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 
 
 DISE, WALDO LEE, b. Tangier, Va., July 18, 1902; s. Joshua Thomas and 
 Martha Metmora (Murphy) D.; Wesley Col. Inst.; lic. Al. Syn., 1924; 
 pastor, White Haven, Md., and Ray’s Hill-Mt. Pleasant, Pa.; m. Mary 
 Adelaide Tieman, June 14, 1923; dau. Forest Anita Margaret. 
 
 EHRHART, KENNETH STRINE, b. Brodbecks, Pa., Oct. 28, 1904; s. Wil- 
 liam Henry and Emma A. (Strine) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925; m. Mary 
 Sevilla Barbehenn, Sept. 17, 1923; children, Kenneth William and Richard 
 Lewis. 
 
 EVANS, LUTHER WELTMER, b. Annville, Pa., June 9, 1904; s. John 
 Nathan and Rebecca Elizabeth (Weltmer) E.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 
 
 GRESH, RALPH RICHARD, b. Obelisk, Pa., Nov. 13, 1898; s. John H. 
 and Flora S. (Richard); A.B., Muhlenberg Col., 1922; Mt. Airy Sem., 
 1922-24; Gbg. Sem., 1925-26; taught 2 yrs. public schools of Frederick 
 Twp. 
 
 593 
 
1925 ALUMNI 
 
 GROSSMAN, FRITZ, b. Rudczanny, Ger., Jan. 20, 1900; s. Frederick and 
 Louise (Rogalski) G.; Mission Seminary, Berlin, 1919-23; Kropp Sem- 
 inary, 1923-25. 
 
 KLUG, CARROLL SEBASTIAN, b. Balto., Md., Jan. 16, 1906; s. William 
 Sebastian and Louisa Albertina (Hartung) K.; Balto. City Col.; A.B., 
 Gbg. Col., 1925. 
 
 KROH, MILLARD LEO, b. Glen Rock, Pa., June 28, 1902; s. Charles Fra- 
 zier and Lucinda (Keeney) K.; York Col. Inst.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 
 
 LAIRD, GEORGE DENSMORE, b. Trenton, N. J., May 1, 1899; s. Robert 
 Densmore and Lida Etta (Trent) L.; Gbg. Acad.; Gbg. Col., 1925. 
 
 MELHORN, GEORGE IRA, Jr., b. Hanover, Pa., July 13, 1903; s. George 
 Ira and Lauretta (Deagen) M.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925, 
 
 PROCASCO, CHARLES EDWARD, b. Williamstown, Pa., Aug. 21, 1892; 
 s. Henry J. and Sara A. (Swoyer) P.; C. P. A. Comm. of Pa.; lic. E. 
 Pa. Conf. U. in Christ, May, 1922; m. Esther N. Goudy, June 21, 1921. 
 
 SHIMER, FRANK HERBERT, b. New Kingston, Pa., Oct. 3, 1902; s. Rev. 
 Herbert D. and Carrie Anne (Ogden) S.; Hartwick Sem., 1921; A.B., 
 Gbg. Col., 1925. 
 
 SIMON, WALTER VOSE, b. Springfield, O., Feb. 15, 1894; s. Dr. Jacob 
 Spener and Lois E. (Vose) S.; ex-15 Gbg. Col.; m. Margaret F. Wells, 
 May 16, 1918; s. Walter, Francis; Mex. Border Service, 1916; A. E. F., 
 Inf., 1917-19. 
 
 STILES, AUSTIN EDWARD, b. Dallastown, Pa., Dec. 1, 1895; s. Albert 
 Alvin and Barbara Ellen (Flinchbaugh) S.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 
 
 TROUT, PAUL JOSIAH, b. Glen Rock, Pa., Oct. 24, 1898; s. Josiah and 
 Mary (Leader) T.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1925. 
 
 WINK, HOWARD LAMAR, b. Manchester, Md., Mar. 2, 1904; s. Jacob 
 Robert Lamar and Minnie Oneida (Leese) W.; B.S., Gbg. Col., 1925. 
 
 ZIEGLER, WILLIAM EDWARD, b. Phila., Pa., Aug. 5, 1902; s. Michael 
 Marcellus and Emma (Kline) Z.; A.B., Gbg. Col., 1925. 
 
 594 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 
 
 Abel” Geo. By op ieissccescn i acts 527 
 Avery, John 'W. akeonas 489 
 Puawens, Chase Ts cccsetensAnaees tchdues 481 
 Aikman, Alexander ..........cccssssees 365 
 Ainsworth, John E. wccsessscsssceees 566 
 Babach, (J. Wore. -<)5.csdeseatabons estates 387 
 Atbert,, John J. Avdcat eins 507 
 Aibert, Luther: Ba (ieccidecestndcote 397 
 Mme right, » Geo. Aha) ea tihwaw 463 
 J Vi veers Ee > BOR DIRE) Rapalonrette ee ee 337 
 Alleman, Henry S.  wccecscsccseee .. 593 
 Alleman, Monroe J. cesssscssesees 390 
 Allison, Wilbur M.. ...cccccessssossee 566 
 Adtran: Datlis Si hac sscieesthereastems 390 
 ASI Doli A. co achconcsisstdced eocotin 584 
 amici! GeO kW. 5 Ws piseategemcesss 475 
 Anderson, Geo. W.  cscccccscssscssee 403 
 Petepacks Fred. Re: ciitss..-sepeenes 381 
 Arspach, Jotiry) G.. .ilsccisenatet cesses 365 
 PRS tah |) FLO yl i sasfisidss-ctbesiserervenens 498 
 sat BRO 5 ick. ch djsiasiernee 393 
 Anstadt, Wim. M. wscsscsscsssseseneenee 479 
 Apple, Benj. Fr insacccescpeccssoeseece 424 
 Apple, Ulysses Ey. ......:..sssossorsse 520 
 PEI PROT ssenenpdonneghtionbsereonshoh 373 
 Ramold. Clarence EE.) ....scesserhenar 553 
 7 TE CY 8 5 ae a 559 
 PN BE i ppovenhacsenedsacsobeniieonsenes 363 
 PE er, TORT. U,,., ...ckebonecpacosvedsonopense 465 
 PERMTONEY, 2 SAT. noch hme nsvavpibiodocvessonny 414 
 Aungst, Spencer W.  crsscsssescseree 593 
 eta 08S, Gar Ph .ecafeorendans done sina 562 
 PT ONIN a cacenrsestnstysnnidesooteny 502 
 BRAD i ATISUSTUS..- 200... .cccscceccresenesers 369 
 RUE Wp MAAS ie A ls hsnnderdossosttleihoccossacs 407 
 Bailey, J. Augustus .......scccseecses 576 
 Beaker Ghia Se UW 5! hoes casscconctbiees 476 
 RV c) cakchssy in cb bes cakpsvebstokons 573 
 
 Baker, : Hetiry < .iuis0-cetecat cee 387 
 Boker, Jos.'B, sbi hiigiee 539 
 Baker, Ralph) W.+4..aeuistieca 580 
 eal reagent he 507 
 Bame: Richard Liceul. donne 502 
 Batnen, High, Mai cisi.cccssseccessevce 490 
 Bannen, Robt. Go cute. caess. 493 
 Bansemer,) Chas. i:scccacaletscptanganis 369 
 Barbehenn, Nathaniel ................ 520 
 Marclays) ds Oho vies teas 468 
 Barclay. JOS.) Te sb esc ccts 413 
 abe WV Bic hae 512 
 Batiley,.° Wot 2 Wi ised cus 547 
 Barnes, Joh /i:la):ig...2k:. cece 593 
 Barnett, Chas. .W. naniwetst..k. 553 
 Batnitz, Fred. As teagan a, 387 
 Batnitz,’ Jo Chass Se2ucaer ck 370 
 Barnitz,) Samio Be iis week 421 
 Bassler, Gottlieb: 2.00... 384 
 Bastian; Call’ Peo we, 543 
 Bapblitz, Hark Ry sipare 593 
 Baugher, Henry L, Jr. assis 422 
 Baugher, Henry L., Sr. .........02 366 
 Batghman,. Geo, Wi ‘aici 476 
 Bavehman,, Harry Piciuellas 562 
 Beta Fred. Tie ives ok 524 
 Batm: lohn. Coie tbat ue 447 
 Baten Wa Me So. waalid..cke 395 
 Baum, oWm:,.M. Je. eadeandak 463 
 Bean, Arthur: Nivcush gai cc! 539 
 Beard) Martin /Doiiici.abhinna 458 
 Becker, Dani. R...3..dbenian 481 
 Béékley, | Geo. FH jai oka. 410 
 Beckstrand, Otto Gi ..ccccccsseceee 578 
 Beidelman, Harry H. .........ccs00 566 
 Beiswanger, Ge0. csscccscccssssecssees 508 
 Belfour, ) Edmutid® cicsaiehk 410 
 BOT) A ther tiie ais conan ssecnccatedbedvaread 465 
 Bell, VAlbert), Doth wales 555 
 
 595 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Belle Chass, Kee a ee 520 
 Bell, Toews ip Stic a hed 407 
 Bender, Harvey Ua. wc.cccccssscssees 520 
 Betiedicts (Deis 4. ata 390 
 Bénedict, | Fredy Rook eee 396 
 Betielitsy«.Ns A. sere KE Ad 486 
 Benze,« Adolph. Lo ..ck And 429 
 Benze, Gustave A.  ciccccccccccccsssee 484 
 Betg,.- Andrew swe ah RA... 384 
 Bergstresser, Fred. Li uu... 479 
 Bergstresser, Fuller wu. 502 
 Bergstresser, Peter .....1...ccoscsessesse 407 
 Berkemeier, WI. ......cccccosscossecsesees 403 
 Berkemeyer, Ferd. ......ccccccssssssssce 408 
 Berkey, Harvey En wc 508 
 Berkey WmiecAr bok 555 
 Berlin, Solomon J. cc.cccscscsssseeee 417 
 Berrys Wr oH Gia 490 
 Berwager, F. Hampton. ........00 548 
 Bickel ;sHasvey~ one 550 
 Biekel;..Henry  M. .23..0in00N ae 398 
 Bieber; Bénjii/Ry 2a Re 548 
 Bikie,« ChasGeo. 4h... 0beti 508 
 Bille; sLouiswA wy fen 415 
 Bikle; . Philip. Ms... 2a S2 ae 438 
 Billheimer, Stanley wees 503 
 Baltheimer, | TiGh Ce el 328 
 Batik, Howarth, Fede ees 578 
 Bitch,.Dhosi) Be? ete Cee 503 
 Bishop,-oblenry * 222650... cai: 380 
 Bittle, .David/+B.en. ease 376 
 Bittle,..Jonathan..B..i:1..0 es 503 
 Bixler, vablensy, (oy! clic te eoieell 498 
 Black;... Luther! \Si. ds. AR aka ie 490 
 Biank,-:) offa8 bv nate okaned 552 
 Blackwelder, Danl. M. ...........00 415 
 Bitty; Bdward Eh. thickest 498 
 Bloomhardt,...Paul “H. (Weid,..u 559 
 Bepst,..dsaac.. Wa" Sore 458 
 Bolenius, |. Wane). 371 
 Bonnell, Walter.) Sé2.0.cccine 554 
 Borleis, . John’. H,: “A; “2 593 
 BCI COE a ivvtsselercesobaeiettetnde 399 
 Bosserman, Alex. B. .....csscscsserceee 393 
 
 Bets & Wome: 9s iedecaesattetl ne beatcotentes 376 
 Bottiver,’ Chase Si) 2.08.5) ee 535 
 Bouk; ' Keath oN yok ilhakusenee 494 
 BOus ih; J ACUIO hays) weecescbRecaresaeas 584 
 Bower, Pleory? MM. cise ataes 556 
 Bower, Philipy sésisckessssdcocdeecdta teed 589 
 Bowers, John Cy wuccceccscsssssosesssees 512 
 Bowers, Geo. Si. ...ccccccscssesscssescceeees 469 
 Bowersox, Geo. Ey vc..cscccccscoeeee 562 
 Bowersox, Hixon T. ou... tt 56 
 Bowman,-Karl< Jas .sideiceectdecesise 565 
 Boyer; » Frank:---W. «3. Abide olil 578 
 Boyer, » Edwin---B.+'\...i2A0ad. lll 554 
 Boyer,-«Matt: -G. 46.ai2nt. Gal 435 
 Boyer; Simon {Re -siticth.. MS 371 
 Brame, Edward Gu wcssscsscessseees 586 
 Brame, Irae Fi}. 285008... d 487 
 Braren;John-Ss -essdiihaeessotts 508 
 Brauns,~-Fred.  W. .2.088G5..c8 399 
 Bream, --Chas; -.Si» 4.80 562 
 Brecht,G.B We ade. cea 408 
 Bredenbek, Arthur wu. 517 
 Bregenzer; Otto By tkd.aaim 535 
 Brehm; WmeEy «cit. acl accelieces 494 
 Breidenbaugh, Edward ..........c0 388 
 Breidenbaugh, Edward S. ........ 441 
 Breitenbach, John W. uu... 447 
 Brenneman, Willis R. wuss 578 
 Bridgeman, Augustus L. ............ 388 
 Bright,+~-Woma-- Lar -+‘cisscstn cat beac 529 
 Brillhart, HH.» CG. QQ 552 
 Briner, Ira: Gu ssdssnatnteaerettl 530 
 Britt, Ghass As “Basdisssierscsthbtilance 479 
 Brésius;-Chas.Hié cit. SES Ae 520 
 Brosius;--James-~-Av” URS 565 
 Brown, Chrisenberry A. ......e00 487 
 Brown, Geo. G. M. ceccscecceeees 481 
 Browily’-J Ais A scsdiviniccphddsbendtlauieaaes 311 
 Brown, James “Al'}:...2iee 384 
 BtOwn),:,. Lsstds., nscs-.cchel eae 468 
 Brown,... Wom... E.:. 2b ees 532 
 Brown, .. Wm... Beit ee 562 
 Brownmiller, Martin L. ........... 535 
 Brabaker, . Jobin. '.c./iccibconabieal 447 
 
 596 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 
 
 Brubaker, Wm. Gi csseodtticssectooss 525 
 Bucker,” VWs Lo snp sstedtvsccteseiones 499 
 Buehler, Huber G. , .s3:utians,. 481 
 uller, Edward’ By 2ge sa 590 
 Burger, Sylvester Gijon 28k 520 
 Bergess, Ellis’ Blick osc 499 
 Buroner, Jacob:B.. ck. ae. 445 
 Burke; 1: Calwertsint..cnnnebe 426 
 urmite, David ‘Kiiiy i, cca 539 
 Burrell, James. L. Ac Loe 455 
 Butter, Chas,’ H.')) aia a 481 
 Butler, Clarence E.  .u..cc...cccscsseee 550 
 Figtler, Jas, Woe bd. pttactanaeeeey 494 
 Ta gd AR CB elle aA Sao! 2 397 
 Ravers, |: FACOD "Wo \isescabse-ayacsnosesseosos 472 
 Bivece? Ton. a ae de ue 521 
 Campbell John FP. 2bl.....chcceccsies 388 
 earinaday,, USAC, ervckese.2ebldiareiesctia 532 
 Gaoto Geo J. ae. aR 365 
 arnell, oSimon.,.P. 2. 2h ..isa! 439 
 racy, NWI06. 1. se a 546 
 Chamberlin, Ed... A. .ut.c..c...cccccoee 556 
 Glaney, Wilkins ViBiescc... ein 535 
 Glare, Tenry. (E.. socdie tA 521 
 Bai Mis i scaccocteacnsubvicccbeseod 543 
 Glare... Richard. Hi. i... ictad...td 441 
 BA SRO be Ldn a eascaddafecsioveantte 535 
 PMT tl Be ns cons Scasteavadegecnnltd 580 
 SS SY, ERIS Rate 2 a EF 334 
 Giiie. Oliver: D).... ..cciscslecdeisslessesves 586 
 rete Chas. My sche... 569 
 EERO i A I PSE 550 
 Reba red VV t.. uel. 378 
 rere victor. L.. Be 2b desstiee 400 
 Gonradi, Freds. A....cccciendescorepceae 439 
 PRBS CEN In 2s 2.2). ccnlMossdoaqestece 448 
 Peiver.§ Michael... .......d2s0s0i5d deeosss 431 
 0 SSRs FST ne a ee 437 
 Cook, Jeremiah K.  wu..eeeeseseeee 508 
 SES SO RR a ee 439 
 Ceoner, daar Rina nities 543 
 Cooper, Norman E. ......scscesesesees 576 
 TE A” RAR ABT Pd ES a ae 332 
 
 €apenhaver, Amos Qiih...csbsiite 411 
 Gorbett,.. Chas; He cnc anges oe 578 
 Worhett, . Thos... Wi. aaa 393 
 Cornell, Nathan A. .c0 ac 388 
 Gorman. Wn 0). (oleae 431 
 Gortetz, Fred sl Wak pcieseslecrsenes 373 
 Gor, Clarence) Bix ciate cok 521 
 Greager Harold Us i rue cs 582 
 Gwessier, Tosialt..F. As. .cscu esses 441 
 Ceessman. MoS." cee 458 
 Gracléer, John's EB. \,.02 ee 512 
 Giassman)., Fred... :He Fea. 476 
 rast SCO WV ci Neseaccccendesoeteteree cast 455 
 ial Alfred: Di. 20 2 a 424 
 URE Fe) 01 9 i ea aU eo Ee 459 
 BOLE | LODTE ys Ws icscoscapttecbedbetesenntroded 429 
 REMODEL th Co ee sekthesstevestpostastase 460 
 Cromer, Geo, (Candie eae 517 
 Cronholm, Neander N., ..........s000 443 
 Gross). Wim. Moe UCN coe 525 
 Grouse,.; Theo... Le... ede ek 487 
 Caller’. Martin...IZ. cians -cck decane 429 
 Giller, Silas. A. 0)... Skk ieee 543 
 Grprran) GeO: Fond icccvsvonsse cabbeotentens 593 
 Gurtis,..Sylvander, ithe Sua 393 
 Dahleen, John, A. ithe 443 
 Pati -Aindreagt: Jo ¥ cccctktescescsaste 494 
 DalvaereAc 4s. ccce eee eeeeteases 408 
 Damuth, Warren K. ........scccsssee 509 
 Darmstaetter, John A. ......ccesee 418 
 Daubenspeck, Fred. H. ou... 572 
 Paurherty, Stas Ds ee on 490 
 Davis Glare, Mir 2250. stecttescertesare 566 
 PORVISS OTD. (ese ctrenced stenttoteers 370 
 DONT TE ee ner cavesteuceteetirs 573 
 Dans. OeCatis. Cruvvesnsteocttvateelsttices 556 
 Deininger, Constantine ..........s000 393 
 Deininger, Rudolph W. ............ 408 
 Deitz, Archibald E.  wscscseees 503 
 ERIE | snkiercs Ed vrcsntacovash sc bettcrestiie 468 
 Pep)... Wim. Sar. esnyseovss sheeted 466 
 D6r ry Rye Viess ociethn ee etons dies 562 
 Dérr,\Saml. Jerid aus 476 
 
 597 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Detweiler, }John Si). .1...ui 445 
 DeY 06€; Ephraim, sae 384 
 Dey ce luther A La 484 
 Diehl Chas wer eee ee 401 
 Diehiesy Chasoi Wa, Sroka ae 532 
 BORRBD | CGO. i cccscasaseakbecomaseber ouvecubonss 378 
 T8ehl Jacob ae 548 
 Diehl Jobin) Hs is eee eee a 525 
 Dabhd. Tobin. Mi ieee 548 
 Dyehi, Michael iis.5 cies 393 
 Then Sami Aw Reh, lee 448 
 Diehl. Samiics, Vet oe 494 
 PD Watt ee gold 590 
 POHL UN ee RO ak 485 
 PRE UNG By issackecscossnal tial daenaces 439 
 PHeTELIG A LECVItE (suo edactlellaeoress 513 
 Dietrich, LaRoy oS, cess tieos 587 
 Diffenderfer, Geo. M. ..esssccscseee 513 
 Tome, Bens iSO) Glades 485 
 EHSG, .) VV UIC 1 Lad; havctesthicosstutclsceals 593 
 Tone TS, CEOs SylicssusseroaicCdeeasase cae 468 
 PRE a Fe: (leh asescksteaskenteneeurtaaccom 431 
 Dolman, Parry  Soer we as 556 
 Neve 7os gigthet 20 5) OQURRMAPAA Me PRR ba Rhee 12, 408 
 Donmeyer, Geo. J. ssccossscscesssecess 388 
 Dortiblaset. pam ly, cccnesdoecverevery 479 
 Bhosh, 928. We") Tass ecsak Resta 413 
 BROT Y tog RODE Wins gialereteaithcovanes 532 
 Drawbaugh, David P. .......ssss00 509 
 Drawbaugh, Jacob W.  ......s.s00 580 
 Dreibelbis, Emanuel L. .........scs0 487 
 Dey, facote' (55 Sas ce 374 
 Dunbar, Wome. Fis chores corned 448 
 Dunkelberger, R. M.  wcecesecsssseee 552 
 Bhan lap, :  WHton «Co pt nettesteisvers 504 
 Dysinger, Holmes .......c.s..ccssessese 466 
 Healy, Eh etiry Be ic cectocseentietetoneen 406 
 Barly, (John. Wik stdbin daa 418 
 Barnest; Joni Ati) valiccleccctadsice 418 
 Easterday, Geo. H. pitiitas daa S89 
 Bbbert Tora Wo ost Biscecsserepes 422 
 Bheling;: Alert. nssiupo-esnnecitedetvovtes 430 
 Ebeling. “THenry, Ba. \<..cshosceetennnet 482 
 Peres, L181 Giulia psecndvesensuapsiehennsos 371 
 
 Sheehart Chas: Joe on 403 
 Ehrenfeld, Augustus C. .........0 394 
 Ehrenfeld, Geo. Fy .....cccscscscccees 381 
 Bhrhart) Bare? yu Ber 559 
 Ehrhart, Kenneth S. .ceesesses 593 
 Bhrhart;: Woes oo eee 513 
 Eichelberger, Geo. W.  sscccccsossee 472 
 Eichelberger, John M.  .....sccove 404 
 Eichelberger, Lewis  ..c....csccsscsssceee 363 
 Eichelberger, Webster .........00 422 
 Eltinger,, JohnG:, 2d.0euaae 376 
 Bly, --Geow Berne 556 
 Himerich: Wmv: dc 2 otc esecesetondaes 388 
 Emery) Wiamie i literati tebteciene 390 
 Enders, ‘Geo. Wi; Jie: osicioacecrnstes 513 
 Enders, : Martins Dy, 22. 22e 3 532 
 Endres, Jos.) Eostins. uae 587 
 Eriglar, | Geos. We c.c0tiicacsettee 528 
 Bnvlish, John. S.:;Astieensaaeen 521 
 Erb, Harvey. Mis cccodecchtiensnanite 592 
 Potrhard: John A: 22) ance 530 
 Rerhard;). Wim. cM, GLa an 591 
 Erhest,\. Harry, Baa wines 536 
 Eshenaur,:;Theo:c Weitiainaienone 591 
 Essicle, 7A braliam) A2i..ci.cecueecos 399 
 Better, Chas: |. Buy, ccdceebeodbbl ah ilbecel 494 
 Biveler;,:GeosH. jaan 539 
 Byerett,, Thos.Ty \slc,.cottaiiscneesett 442 
 Evans, ,.,J OShitaa olson ho reeekeneaciente 395 
 Eyvans,,. Luther: Wo isiessepttecesctecnaal 593 
 Eewald,, Peter, i\.sicccdesschldeeecnae 468 
 Fyyler,,, Clarence As. ’-ciaicudenseotine 470 
 Eyyler,’ David... Ji nck. cp ih detleseested 397 
 Eyler, Edgar... 2cu.0iateee 573 
 Eyster, Chas... Mi: og icp a scehtie 472 
 Eyster,. Michael: /.,:tc.ccccbcsdsaleessbstane 376 
 Fyster, :Wim,., Eis) iditcdiee nee 381 
 Fahs, «Wns HH. ...-.,-ssteueececenianeayan 494 
 Fair, F..; Adatn \i.smestitediontetees 432 
 Falkenstein, Elwood S. ............ 587 
 Basold, Peter. B.. ...cccccsessascsobesthigesned 494 
 Fastnacht, Abraham G. ......00 443 
 Feldman, Wm. Hi. wacccscscssscseee 521 
 Felton, Anthony K. .....cccssosssessee 448 
 
 598 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 
 
 Pelton) Ephraime ns se ccc attooss AGS Sires Wy rt os deb ssacadaee ibaa tebe 540 
 Hetteroliy Robt Five wskeietes 495); Meas Wane) SS. haat ieee 452 
 Fichthorn, Andrew S. ....sceseveee 479 = Frederick, Geo. W. cscsccsssoccsseeee 435 
 RUETIET Sof OO LU diatiescicceutcrs ater caerts 401'),. Breeman,. Geow Ry. ca sdk 463 
 Bie Wealter sAw i cvs stblibecseovteals 565) Srey; (Emanuel jin poh cee 378 
 Peanch,«\ Herbetts. ikl aiievcesadeles 633. &rey,.Samk Weel ean 461 
 Panckel)) Sambi De e2hiGannae Broo). Brey, Wim. Alia aa 432 
 Pmckel,« Sami, Guh cA aiekeine 440. Frey, Wm: .WA..dasitiscdusiicen 536 
 Penfrocic,)) Aaron 7 tidcasumees ALS. Kriday,).Fred.) W.. ...0:, 44a 528 
 Pie). JAS) Rata. S.cedecnebibaitins SPS AEAUAY ss 1 ACOD. . ccoasecodnsica vor Uakedeslbias 415 
 Fem; Rewbert. Av dicicsscsinelbeersiate O97)" erratsch,).Geos) Wa ecusiees lee. 461 
 Finkbinder, John W. w..ccccccccccssese a2) dratze,. Chas: (A. 18. uuu halen 415 
 river, icsatil,,.. Ms 44 see Mie erosion, Paul a. unide idea 548 
 Fischer, August H. F. ou... 208 Sty Edward Ne i822 ee 563 
 FEAR CRIE Ty ht LE ecassetesetoeie clessemnceey SIDS BN GOOLE AL Mi cecthccslve Sceodeaitts ides 554 
 Ree eT VV IIL. Me ee ec, GEE AREY) 1) ACO DI esd cbasscrseedasnatemteibebtonmesbe 405 
 Peano Sas rd C!s ey SBI dry) Witt EE os eT alae 491 
 Basher eC hase Ts Tepe tied saat A773) \iachs, Andreas sala’. cea, 370 
 Dasher, Pratik |. Poe eas da 556 Fuhrman, Arthur Asi ic. ccssse 589 
 Peck, LC yrus cl il ceeded scsctle 479 =Fulper, Elmer W.. ........sccccssecsees 525 
 Biecic  Hetiry Re io. cect cwade 4150) Paltz; Hermany CC... eee 477 
 Pe, RON rip cast oncbesebloiou 566)". Bamie, David Moi ccculccsteeed tt 583 
 BUC he WET TR scr svascedebanesccaphiens 654). Varst,)\ Martin Bla i 463 
 Bleck, ;Lindley.. Ni. c...sscseccccsscces 470;). tersty) Saml Baca ees 463 
 Fleckenstein, Emelius J. ...........0 434 
 
 POMEL CHR a | EA So sacsccitegsk.ncsaae Ail. Gaby)-Wrmi Je oe le 525 
 Flick, Henry He ssssssssssssssssssssesss 499 — Galloway, John S. sasssssssssssssssessen 363 
 Floyd, David Bu ssssssssssssssssssssssensee 452 Garland, Danl, Fe cccssssssssssssssssssee 491 
 Focht, Cyrus G.  sssssssssssssssssssssees AS? | ‘Garman Geom Ss) oe ees 569 
 Focht, David He ssssssssssssssessesseees 401 Garnes, Herbert sssssccssssssssssssssseee 557 
 PARR AINL EB aaron achtnesnenoncecasesbupah 456 Garnes, Robt. E.  cssscsscsssssscssssssee 574 
 Fortenbaugh, Robt. By ssesssssssse. 569 Garrett, Wouter Vo ssccsscsssssssssee 576 
 Forthmian, JOHN wsssssssssssssessseeesssses 408". Garver! Dathic. 404 
 Fortney, Geo. Wa. -csssssssssesosssseees AAD” Gaver,’ John cel ew ties 375 
 BES CAM GUZo haps ces chsslacgnncssesatens 446 Gaver, Martin Di ccccsssssscssssssssses 469 
 MPM IE AES Los. | scvssrsievcccsevsesenensnss’ 589 Gearhart, Robt. He cccsssccsssssscsseee 563 
 BRIM E OTEB oi. nose secnsenesnenissibehscneotes S43 Geesey, Fred. S. ccssccsssccssssssssesens 499 
 BARI MNI CORE LENG DESAY ehesnsdevvatetyssasetoozes 424 Geesey, Malvin Dy cussssssssssssssessoene 553 
 204" bee WER dS SONA Rasa epee Sane Te A24’ Geiver!' Chas?! De acc as 584 
 Francis, Jacob M. eresssssssssesssesen 491 Geiser, Dixon Hy cscssssssssssssssssen 495 
 Francis, Saml. A. Ky ssssssssssees 434 — Gelwicks, Sam. c..cceccsssssssssssesesssses 368 
 URUCe NGAS AD). SSS, scasahadvonpoadeibag 582 Gentzler, Josaver W. cscssssecssssses 548 
 MRP yh SODIE. | Es. ch bvvssarasntoneeostsnsiee 909°) Georgi, Carl) Ge tcc tiluenden 557 
 ROOD LW OOo Ws cdesccddblceneurcblastan ASZ.. Gephart,é Calvin} Five 491 
 
 599 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Gerard) Bath Abi j-tccccteodthoseancaee 589 
 Gerhardt, Leonard  o.........ccccsccseeee 376 
 Gerhart; pW tien ich &scccdesedts concise 389 
 GrErMam,.aW.M,., sissasecovouddbtotenssteeecd 366 
 Gerstiiyer,,..Harry Lo wate 540 
 Cette: Wins s, Gre. cssoectbeeattlaniccnceys 466 
 RSC tH ys 2 GOO. Ac y, Sevcchektcos ele ilawncs 504 
 Getzendaner, Mark A. ou... 572 
 51687, os ELON Ty.) oseteccrtede cust Ol a beeps 427 
 CHE POSTON Uw sjokcasstas cedar bieacces tae 509 
 Gilbert, Addison D.  .........ccecccccses 536 
 Gilbert,.. David. My ac...aeec.. a 415 
 Gladfelter,, Paty no tek. 549 
 Gradbilh eilohn indy ii. ttsatckes 444 
 Glanding, Wm. M. B. wu... 466 
 Ghrage oA iced | Rujcici cc. potssrtsdeiee 466 
 Goedeke, Harry  .....cccccccsssccseecees 576 
 Goertner, Nicholas W. ...........00 372 
 Goettman, John Gy. ......ccscccscceseese 422 
 Goetz, sLeander, i 2a nea 291 
 Good, Morris Fic cack ee 499 
 CEI ts VV ATI: bah ss itencvncel las ccbeagth tes ake 540 
 Gottwald, .Danl..: ..)atbea se 367 
 Gotwald,. Geo... De \i...te.sssiebetsocees 474 
 Gotwald UA es ree. re 416 
 Gotwald, Luther A. ........sesseceee 580 
 Gotwald,s Wash. Vn siccKocacecescss 427 
 Graeher): Dlenry vies Xiucicte.-ekests 366 
 Gridete -lohni iB. ceiiieen. fu 566 
 Cerne th, POU 5 Ls, | sicettersh cob apersvones 390 
 Ware tt Pitty. iain. osc ackcbsactlesdseace 442 
 Cr TAT T REMY oe As cn ge tiand ome PN, Dike es 411 
 Graichens Johtt (G. ded telcos 472 
 Gteaver: Wane Be iceciteshetiedan 404 
 Greever, John 37, skh eehee 379 
 Greiss, Geo. As ticnecstpsGhaioenscssen 525 
 Greést: ralph ) Roc ft 593 
 Gerthth. Jos. G. sek ee. 436 
 Griines John ‘Cw ae ee ee 513 
 Gramm, Karl 7 se ee 509 
 Grom. Johnson Rosie 424 
 Groh, Abraham \H, 2...kc20s.. 425 
 Groh, Leonard Fe cio i da scccscccose 427 
 Gross, Luther (Wi akeies. clk 540 
 
 600 
 
 Grossman; ‘Fritz ..:.acbeniGl ake 594 
 Grossman, Henry Cy. cicccccclstscssss 437 
 Grove, Elwood M. c.sccccccccoscsscesese 581 
 Gitibb, Joel Fe. iil, ccsnctiaseoa eocestdas 551 
 Griiber,,, Chas: : 1.2.0).0. sce ees 574 
 Griver,. Chas, Bi. seus Bie 452 
 Gruver,.,John .P! <3.:.. bP 570 
 Gruver, Oscar. Ho Chea ee 499 
 Guenther, : Chas, Con eer, 374 
 Giiney; | Jas. )B. ue 509 
 Giilck;’ Geo, KK.) 2.20; daha 589 
 Gunn, Walter: JAC. ie 386 
 Gass, Abraham Li. Rec ie a 422 
 Gass, Jeromée™Mei sei ee 513 
 Elaak Gey nRsisjeamecebdetemecaneee 559 
 Taesbaert,.. John. casititacotdidas atte 370 
 Hater, Davids sisccids bia . 540 
 Hafer)Gleen wT .....0.cpaie sce 587 
 Hater, dL uthérs-.By i. .whatercacncnl 517 
 Hagedorn, Ivan H. C. 2.00.00... 581 
 Fla genstein, As scccesssccssscecticescteesals 477 
 T1aiNnes, |) EO, s:.ccyensathon daha 404 
 Hamm,...Geo.. Ie. 4... Wuinea Le 482 
 Hamsher, Mervin R. woccccscccscccose 551 
 Hankey, Upton A. L. E,. «uu... 469 
 Hanson, Henry. W. A, ...cccccccseee 540 
 Hantel,. Ed.,..F.2 Alcea ae 456 
 Hapeman,.Henry J.) ..2624.1...00 482 
 Harding,..Wm... 2h kale 492 
 Plarkey, Jasis MM, osu scheestisttante 394 
 Harkey,,..Jas..¢5. Gat. eeeeen 439 
 Harkey, Simeon. Wr soncicpceddesdecees 372 
 Farner,...-lmer... WY) ...iks.0. gan 567 
 Ffarman,...Aaron...S. Soe 440 
 Harms,» John... E.....iccschsetieoe 551 
 Harms,....Jotin, « HL... .iscsecdoselbtbetases 518 
 Harpster,..John.H.. 2.2 2Gagh ee 442 
 Harrah,. Clinton .B. .Aik.. neh 485 
 Harris,.. Jacob..G. :i2..06kd. Bi 381 
 Harrison,:... Wimt He. eee ae 391 
 Hartman, Herbert Hy .01........c0000 541 
 Hartman, , Jas... A, 1..aties,..ab 467 
 Hartman, Jos. FF. Adi cuiua 453 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 
 
 Hartman, Wilmer A.  ........ssccc00 522 
 Hashinger,.. Wim. 2, 0 sijelieccsrees 574 
 THassler, John Ws .cBeseidbenccerient 409 
 Hauer). .Waashn.,..C 0h cna dasctete 384 
 Hauptmann,, Fred, \Jichidien.. aia: 592 
 Plauser,,. Hermest Rais: 0itiddicssneccsees 567 
 Ha verstick,,~ Henry \ 80.4050. 363 
 Bey, Gis Ab dint ease ee 305 
 EEL VidinKs a Sire, Mevdtaescdsyste teas ete 453 
 PAA Ses BA ling ES inn. wlarnedactnie cet tee 546 
 15 RAO El CRT MRERR EO oto ps Ro) 459 
 Rays, sGlistord, Tpit ods 554 
 RP ABEL IS pi Eiicis Lode idehesiptte coed ace ade 302 
 Hazeltine, Rutledge W. .........00 518 
 Téathcote,Chas.) We gl. 551 
 MAOH SA COD : Ese si ctedesen@obsotontedt 399 
 PSN AT GTM lpn cis ies osmndessvoescocaesctstnt 382 
 Hedges, Shadrach A. ........sccsssses 437 
 Hefelbower, Saml. G. ues 504 
 Hefiner,..Wimi Cy aed. Aint 514 
 eee). Johnis Hi h...c2us.. nes 570 
 Wee thigts Chass. A ssiicssdevecllisatensttes 438 
 ROU WW SiiinisosccnthnscincetNlideonsihons 374 
 ROMA KAT it ci eniere saat tanctbceh Acasa 363 
 Heilig, Theophilus  ..........ccsccssssses 423 
 Heilman, Albert M. ............sccscees 495 
 Heilman, Howard M. .........ssse0 482 
 Heilman, iJas:, F. °4..ceeh an 536 
 Heilman, Lee Mechling ............ 440 
 BERTI NY + Ashe BGs cone asndecsbtbdonestatle 570 
 Preindelgivyonn ) Ey, i2i.3.),...28 eas 522 
 BIE MIGSIN NY De, Sh.) Lacs d,sqrktaa sets 442 
 Rarisel yb eKOUCtz oi. .ccctulisetesseestee 374 
 peer Anas) W.....ctetcte nahh 470 
 Heisler; Martin. Livwi.:.....2ci252. 443 
 Be Ob AICTE. ks. cdbitthdonagckatene 382 
 Bg RE US ics LG eh vevncaseonaceteenat sage’ 495 
 Hemperly, Francis H. ..........sss00 443 
 epprrig tere C38. Fs, ieyssbbiticonssqttties 526 
 RTE OIDE LL. iL. ay cosen'ssosedes vaconngntoat 563 
 MABE IAS ot cacaesock ostubeStoueca tant 401 
 oo Sah a 9 Ma ORR ot 461 
 mee MUL ATE Ta Tce, | yansdece debevoncbeoks 543 
 UVES Ca CAAEU I... ‘sin nadchonstyibessepresassdltik 400 
 
 601 
 
 Frensel i Won. F...Pic ceca. ctehed 565 
 Hentz, Joona Ps joins Siete 427 
 Herinan, earch, Cy. coatiieesncnlt 563» 
 Herman, Stewart W. cscs 533 
 Plersh,. Chas:,, F.7 2G. 406 
 Fiersh)).Wan.: I ceca e eae 546 
 Hershey, Clarence H.  .........ss00 579 
 PlesstChasi:: Wind uelekcoas 530 
 BSS 8 SW tried, Wie sidecessdtbsnatcecob ond 504 
 ifesce,., GhagsiB iV. coctirc ene 559 
 Hesse, Ferdinand, .......c.ccscsccsssesese 510 
 Fresson,.: Andrew Ji tvuntinend 438 
 Tetrick si, Warkss EL. <skSpeateaediatees 541 
 baja DL TEN 11 ny Wem DAE bet MRR Pat Bee. ea 8 518 
 Michtman,, Bred. A. dukid..ucs 544 
 Hildebrand, Clinton F. ................ 585 
 PU Loki leita carotid ecm 492 
 Fill. Rewbeniy Gee cieeick ocestand 409 
 Baal bn W tris Kos cuss daca cnthcbere 473 
 Hilner, ). Howard (Koj cistceneccashs 581 
 Hiltons Mlavits Io suateitaescts 514 
 Plings, Chae ry Le eee oasis 549 
 Hinman. Willis: S. °. 2h. cegeste.: 576 
 Hinternesch, Aug. H. ......s..sscscees 570 
 TLippe,; Le Wis cess essossscesecesseaaesnesoaee 411 
 Hitchener, Stephen .........cccsssssees 536 
 FACKEL ib DABTUN Liga eesaeracettes 574 
 Rncker Maret ok tei corre toce 470 
 BENE DT ELCLIOY ccc sieiecateenascaristssanaes 416 
 Hoffheins, Emanuel ............csse00 379 
 FY Cael tog IL lhe he RINT AER OG 416 
 Bhofiman,, PEs | W.. \iscissckserssnence 576 
 PL OEP Maly iba, Meese. ecocsretatestak sounded 379 
 Protemar/ TASES vcs tetavcchtticcdnaocnss 368 
 Hofiman, JasiTas 2icdicsat eluant 533 
 Hoicle John: +E... sikc.icdvkeceocestbaes 504 
 Holland): Geoes;|W a .shedesesdtleseavssess 418 
 Hollinger, Albert M. ........cssssee 572 
 Holloway, Henry C. ou... cesses 427 
 Holman; Sami, A: 4220 Rua 418 
 Homrighaus, Albert. .........esece 459 
 Hoover,;Christian 2y...2. ha ous 449 
 Hoover, David ‘Sui...ch.ta ts 495 
 THooyer,.. Francis. T../cddfsiscticccss 432 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 FIOO Ver, JESSE asics eseddeebrinegiinns 370 
 Hope, .Jobi\, Cy). oh. Gael. ae 368 
 Hoppe; Carli B.) Wa) Riedl pasties 406 
 Horick, Paul: Jo nha hasan 579 
 Horine,+ Mallon} C3 )e:,. cacbisceccennser 428 
 Hoshour) Edward: El. iecos..ite 482 
 Houseman, John Hy on. eessssees 449 
 Boxart Feénry:) ce saad 407 
 BR 55) aS /SAL Si, gonsesc nonstate ssopectgnh 492 
 Raber kolku pte 419 
 Wither: Chastain ose, 510 
 Maddie, .\ Johiny Ty) yee aes 514 
 Huddle), Ww. Pee co 587 
 Powddle.) Wir Be) ketenes 495 
 Moffer, Ralph So) Cosas 581 
 Brae S FOS, | I diet iuicckeopretiehietins 416 
 Ever rrel rd Fel sie Me See OMOe HE nook dee 536 
 Hunderdosse, W417.  ...cccccccccsceseee 386 
 Hursch, «Stephen : icecceesvossicstieacss 370 
 Eiyinan, | Samil, |B, ie escnieeems teil 436 
 Teach: Wit) (O) mndscitishih tits 518 
 Tee, edwin Boss atisaivnctactedleriee 492 
 AaMCIS UGTIAS Ele Somes honatecwerctntsterage 510 
 PERCU: EIAVEOY olivleschinecsectoscusanceccnrys 363 
 LCOS) LLCTIEY, Len derthectacdyepectonsssas 434 
 POODY 4) Deke 1) Manlil Soetdeccteavetpeneaeeescts 461 
 EDIIOS FOUN Lc haseticecenetreesnastccnstnd 563 
 TONANSON, | LUETESE 1) oi vscscreetecaersatens 589 
 DOPIES MINAS, Ess LETS! ipteceved sees tplatevess 522 
 DE aks 8 CR lg os eh Ry ae Poa A 375 
 Kaempfer,® Jacob’ <...:-cncssesarccaveosens 364 
 Rahler. KratieBeo s otsig aa sccanes 477 
 Praia Win. 2 ise cipegeedaaones 446 
 Kain. John) At icone ccureehon 413 
 Rar. Aarons Foc icttt taal 391 
 Mast, Aucustus’ (Jie Boi cde ontncaees 446 
 Reatite.” Bes yc Kah os ccnctnesincnes 464 
 Kayhoe), John Fe Bus iccdschesveosseee 474 
 Mecle | Gen Fist eth BS ele 589 
 meckler,: Wm, Seas eo 425 
 
 Keedy, Cornelius Li ........secsceee 419 
 Keedy, Reuben Ma. ..cccsssccssesees 425 
 Reiser, : Jase Ro te ie a 380 
 Beller, Chas. Fi. \)).caittecseadtasqueant 474 
 Keller, Edward Levi ....cccccee 553 
 Weller, ,.Fozezi, cic. iacsbeue yee 377 
 Keller, Fj Ac Me Gi 380 
 Keller, Jacob. Bo inescuicctaceehar 430 
 Reéller, Jos. FL. 2 533 
 Weller: LLC Vij ihiccencosisos tosses 398 
 Keller: Didyd M35 eees 585 
 Keélly,., Austin) A. 34.2 514 
 Rielly, JaecFy kee eae 574 
 Kelly, Wm? Lenbaitiel see 453 
 Kemp, Matt: Si iil Re 518 
 Kemp, Thos. Ws ,isc1dcs.cddareeceee 409 
 Kendall. Jas Al idclocievciboneastae 456 
 Berri J08.i Janke eee 430 
 metner, Geo. Jo Mies ee 510 
 Keétterman, Dan j2 con eee 567 
 Ketterman, Wm. H.. ..........csccoes 443 
 Rete fers) Geo. Las ccestovontmiboatieatin 560 
 Billtan,. Jacobs. Misc. ts cae 519 
 Kise, Alvin (AG os eke 505 
 Ring)Chas. Bi exeee ee oe 477 
 Ring. Waa Noe ee Piel 560 
 Minsel,: DD. (Wad. sted eee 428 
 Kissel. Alberti]. ‘2 teeta 449 
 Kistler, Andrew} icciiicheumianes 432 
 Kastier,, Jolin (..2...idA-cctbbasecsciae 449 
 Kitzmeyer, John F. W. .....ee 500 
 Kitzmiller, John H. A. .........s0006 432 
 Hien Samli:S: Avdatale a 367 
 Riline, (Marion. J. 242ach cea 514 
 Klinefelter,. Fred.t) s2iea3 ee 430 
 Klinger, Oscar )G., ade 485 
 Kloss; Danla cic, cnkon dbceeenae 419 
 Klug; Carroll ;S. siaaciel. wala 594 
 Kohler; Johan i0.0h.cctd aoe 391 
 Roller... Dant.: (Fee ee 375 
 Koller, JessesGe) 30 a ee 436 
 Koller, :Pauli Wc ic..52.. nde 519 
 Koller): Wai 'C. 7 se 464 
 Koons, Henry: Si: ccssciieceneatl 401 
 
 602 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 
 
 FEOUD, With). Vinecedtaccarsanndonstescessaeneten 391 
 Fraser.) David 0 5 bic agtebcchdenre - 446 
 Keaser, Jacob As issisasenatbeicsngsiies 449 
 Koser,. John Gy cqiesstaeaiicionsden 544 
 Kaapp, Fred.) Gi ceaipeseeiliesdes 446 
 Romipht) LIOvd ie.cccmstipaceacauces 391 
 Knipple, Julius G. Cy. csscsccscesees 563 
 Pemittle. «Jolt Et ois: condos asAbpettenceses 537 
 Knubel, Fred. H. ....ccsccssssssscsesece 515 
 Be Seatl ty) ) OG VV 6 + aieniak cca tececpse 530 
 Roramer, | Karl” Woabtscccsmuen 541 
 Poramlich,. BEN fii Hap iaissseateyserrmen 416 
 Kerauth, Chas. PHIM. viessdecadetesees 308 
 Krauth, Chas. Porterfield .......... 382 
 BRBCEIO; | FOBT | WS * sidvcccspatnvipvavence 407 
 FSaDOS A AV 10, WV bo catuauusnahetovensbe 485 
 BEtD0),  ELGTEIAN, © Biches sseadhaibpoorecie 480 
 Pees) MAMMAL A: Lim's ccpkanctab conune 594 
 PRISE IT Se LD. sev vocesicssbyacdereebokane 541 
 Krumbine, Miles H. ..........cccsseee 565 
 PE RIOCMLIS. ©) FOUL |) 5 seeccdpaiesgsappyapevbegnn 419 
 BRI CLGTAL ACL scedskas SigaStidloaser Were odeaeh 396 
 Pe tari POaTI A ORIELIGT: seth sana gine sad aogsicvan 331 
 MOSTAR A EJAY EG Wiacssdeai tidy -consehncotevivisans 434 
 PONS) ROTIEY VV 0 tabipccssahdonegsvoccess 413 
 eS ARO BLY icsscgnanmig psendore naan 477 
 Bear VV MTU) VPA cag sscsngatense steady souans 522 
 Kunkel, Christian Fy... 382 
 Bagmnlkeel, . Noeinaty Wij sccqcnmnssinocsies 579 
 REE RPA UI ok csoSid ssoddinsdeighyeteloo ire 416 
 PRR RIATHL Dg cosselsbhecsgaabnapebeissaes 483 
 TEnSS, Acar CO.  ....cccccgpensscgdeasoosonne 428 
 MRCIED, PELEOYY® Ls. sseccyeensguapetorestnaen 440 
 BG, SELERTy! Dy. o.ns asses scnogagcrsed-svenes 367 
 Bard, G0. cesscesssessjqadecseotocseane 594 
 Baitzle Wim. Gi accsccscsectesseseesses 383 
 PeMott )Danl. (MM. \....jenctstbecsceansee 453 
 ARIST PERON EL CLs fasssticdoucegepsecetboventey 583 
 Langham, Jos. G. | ..cscsessccssressaee 537 
 PRS RTIEN I TRS” conctceonseetestncsioys 522 
 Larsen, Jens Py Mai in.es.c---ssecpeassee 579 
 Leatt, Urviry MM. wncccscsscesssecsesorscdcneseqse 557 
 Lauffer, Geo. Ne scsssccciscrssisecsceees 533 
 
 Lawson: Sam) Bos .1)..iecatibess 386 
 Dayenn rant yu. clesndsepecsenbakace 551 
 Leader, Henry A. icin 510 
 Leaman, J. Enfield .........ccssesseees 370 
 Eppamer JESSE scl cho ucr vated ee 510 
 Treads ohn Ge in ieee een ees 383 
 Leatherman, Clarence G. ........... 537 
 Lechleider, Alex. A. ciccsesccssseee 425 
 Ese rone. Danl. | Wii akuh hake 522 
 Roeser, John Hut eiagee cules 450 
 Behr) John Ei. L ct ead eee 585 
 MOM ETAT TOT 50: shoeeveddepermmooreveanat 383 
 sw TEN LOL BD) af a) Penede eae aad le aS 523 
 Gersheg ys Wiis’ bo) Se eae 485 
 Pistons) Geos eu tee ae bet 370 
 Dwatzell. ‘Chas. W's 515 
 Lemcke, Hans J. H. ............ccc00 428 
 Peentz. Tratpha, Monsen nui 467 
 heonard. Chag. al c as 541 
 Bepley,) Christian ‘ces ane 379 
 Teerch. Tour) For ae aa aes 459 
 Besher, > Teland \\Hy aot cs 583 
 Lesher, Maurice E. .......ssssscsersee 592 
 Lesher, Saml, Mo ‘aukoke Gieccit 511 
 Lewars.) Wim.) Fis wee 464 
 Liebegott; Chas. i rae. cei. 567 
 Bally, Aaron’ (W,  stosesecetenteses 401 
 Bally. Walter iia. ‘Ssualcusckennctes 446 
 Band: Ralph Wi creeeemoaltien 587 
 Bae FOG: AAs. nchonsvennshictcier coated 392 
 Dane. Luther : Gi" sa iicks---sccrmarreces 440 
 Bittle Johir: Fi. Fo wiekatevreortnsse 587 
 Layers,’ Ralph’ Wy ‘tisget-ateaniese 549 
 Livingston, Paali Yiraicciews 570 
 Livingston, Peter ......crsscscoccessere 477 
 Breer. FAS. cossecnscckeoteonstanteteesst one 384 
 Bidgan: Wink Acnachet nase 563 
 Bahr," Teather io. v yudche wunctavaee 496 
 Pang Ada scat ntsnopsebarsonieets 411 
 Trane Gen, AL. shi cwoptyeans 414 
 Longanecker, Abram R. .........4 523 
 Patz; Jase Mok va ehaint 574 
 Loudenslager, Paul E. .........000 579 
 Tawe. Jas, Eek dees schists 557 
 
 603 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Lind, Simon:O) a. Zune 560 
 MacDonald, Jas. “Es Wien ae 576 
 MacKenzie, David L. .........e008 441 
 IM aith John) 24.) 4.ch Se ae. 492 
 MAG itis WW ern Es hc cc evhackesctvsnevece 486 
 Manges, Edmittid® 8. an aa 444 
 Manges, Edmund L, .....eesccsssccses 557 
 Manges.) Lewis Go wae 528 
 Manifold,:. John: Hota. 496 
 Manken,: Hentiy eit). 537 
 Mann), Cather: 7A, ee eee a 425 
 Matin). Wailbute Gena ao. 547 
 Markley, SMa Leeann 567 
 DIAC ward, sy O86 i hic. ee ey 511 
 Ocartin FP Chasicsis sunken eae 374 
 Afartin, |. David iS. \S...RUgi iene 544 
 Martinis, (Alfred :*...d00.3aksae 444 
 Martz, Geor iek tein ene 396 
 Maurer, Jacob. EH. ) Ue 471 
 Maxwell, DavidisBe a... 581 
 McAtee;- Johin:.Qy acca Bis eek 425 
 McCarriey,, Guy 4H. Wate ee 564 
 MeéCarney, John. GW coeutii.ake 541 
 McCauley, Ernest R. ........cccccceee 511 
 MeéCauley,. John “W 00886. acta 533 
 MeCauley;-V.ictor | .4i... Rios 526 
 McChesney, Wim. R. oc... eeee 384 
 McConnell, Chambers L. ............ 467 
 DECC LOM, FO wesciteiies th eeoelnercecant 380 
 McCutcheon, Wm. R. ou... 459 
 McDaniel, :Chas. id. fa...Q02.:...08 478 
 McDermad, John A. ......cceccccesenee 488 
 McDowell, Dank. J. w.ccccssccsseeees 496 
 McGaughey, Jas. Cy o....cscssceceees 492 
 MoGill). "Harry: “Laie 500 
 McHenry, Solomon ........ccsceseee 398 
 McKnight, Harvey W. ...........0 436 
 MeéLaughtin,:. Alex. 3c. one 430 
 MéLinn,: Milton iB. -on.Qe4. kt 483 
 McSherry, Geo. W.. ..ccccccccesccceees 471 
 McSherry, Hubert L. ............0 575 
 Meals,.\Wm. Lj) bck 558 
 Meisenhelder, Robt. Ly ........:00060 526 
 
 Melchor, Oliver H.. .............. woe 461 
 ECINOPTL. © Get. he aiicocdtekaateaerets 594 
 COIN WW Ett, re.) Snoccasscagrsrermictents 368 
 WET DIit?, “ET, yc, cmctocrskrasaeckamend 407 
 Bert, Walter a reccidkectngaar ene 589 
 Metzver, JOM, Aa cack aesedee 471 
 Metzeéer, “FOr Ly. cccptccscasapleceseres 474 
 Metzger "With 9. (La) wuccauteutee 456 
 Weetzier, Felder yy cgi enc ats 450 
 Neyer OR TEG, W « cceeriecaementeraneet 526 
 Meyet, JOUN bie ccc sacecceeete 534 
 Millar “Gene Wi eae eee 534 
 Waller CACatis uctcietccteccnenpened 500 
 Miller" CHES. a. scaeeecccttaeituree 483 
 MillePe Chasen? ccscparcecteeeue 564 
 OCT pyle WE Tr) Mego i bh eg edie Mowe 373 
 Millet, TCO aL Cr. seetecesracatemersos 483 
 Miller, FCGai iid (ycccscccognancoarsernsuatars 402 
 TET FACOL ic edecincattarctes tau 400 
 Miller, Je ‘Clemens ro... cccosesceossose 402 
 DIET, ATU che, sjsetincatoaemeyns 585 
 Watley Fl arinay obs cua csaceose atone 581 
 Miller, Henderson N. .......cccccesees 505 
 Millet, F000. 1 veccahc scenes 417 
 Mitller, Jor W's oN eccctespaeestgenn te 395 
 BWC pupae Dee had Geena in peertace eb. co 523 
 Rarer, “Manion 9S. o..casseuaee 575 
 Miller, Raymond C.. .........sccscesees 589 
 TITEL RODE) 3). taccacanerpseaceseaaer eas 581 
 Teter, COAITT 1. eeevtrnusneadstieaneenle 528 
 Billets. SiMe te aerrescakene eee 486 
 TTT yt V NCEE: cect enckaitass ietemanineee 419 
 Maer PWV ee hy or cdcececectente ane 537 
 1.0L os gel vs nig 5 Shahid Al 9 oA 537 
 Minnich: Wit. G. .ccaceeees 500 
 Miura, Inoke 2c eS 585 
 Mock: Robte Er eet scsscbaaes 575 
 Meering Wr. bos cherctedemens 364 
 Mogel.. Chas Te ra eee 591 
 Morecraft/-FRid.l "2, fn eeeee 592 
 Morris: Jone Gi" Ae 364 
 Mortensen, Ludwig Cy. ues 587 
 Moser Danlsn Ho GS te cents 366 
 Moser, Dati Mi 222. cidivececessceuss 450 
 
 604 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 
 
 Moser, | Irvin’ Oo. St ceideakcied 526 
 Moser, Warren 2AS si2ivid..062 542 
 Mottern, Richard W. .......ccccccccses 519 
 Muckle, John Lv) %.ci63 ed 414 
 Mmeller, Washn.. ...5..asil...da! 372 
 Mullen, Albert O. c..cccccsesssccsscsses 505 
 Mullen, Philip H. R. wesc. 542 
 Momford) Fd C..<% sagen 547 
 Mampet, ‘Jacoh Hetdiisehaces 590 
 Musselman, Jos. Hyich.edtlwc 534 
 Myers, Linden, Fi \M. * scscsacc 515 
 Premele)* Carlisi Rota d ee 590 
 Pratlle. Jobin soi coc Bacaucbtiok ccs 380 
 pens Alford: Ri to oe gt 591 
 Neal. Clarence (As. i5.. jcccsiedescues 585 
 LCA S Ye ana ae ae mae in ¥ AROS ed, 20 384 
 oth UROL EES Ta {RROD eae ie: Re 437 
 Nergararian, Garabed  ....ssssse 478 
 Neudewitz, Eugene E. ccc 515 
 Newcomer, Harry Duc) ist... diiat 523 
 Pare We re ie ae 544 
 Biel Geo. Wes ooo hissitocctiocs 544 
 Bvichiolase J. Crayton svescl oovcbscest 519 
 DitGl ass Paco Bs. < sssisesssbebescocttecss 496 
 Micholas. Jacob’. R.ircsssisssiecseccessceos 570 
 Prenalas) Satal. EE eds. cutisics 500 
 Maeholas. | Wm. Hiscssdicicdieseasste 511 
 SIM Cs a 474 
 Pe WP BES). , Sgtih aca cared 488 
 Nitterrauer, Cornelius ............00. 404 
 Paxdort, Geos A. i..sesssostcbeace 394 
 Merah ® Avert! GY. sec sonhsacadSesiast 544 
 Pimite ATV ELS) Wi A. |. scscsencocacs 571 
 RITA OTA" AA 4s Fe 545 
 Oberholtzer, Horace M. ............. 469 
 Oberholtzer, Walter S. ........c000 516 
 od ES 22) Re oe PR 365 
 Cemeory eanerts Fo. i. ith, aes 567 
 ewald, .lonathan .ié...200,)2.48 365 
 itwald) Satal.* sacl... tt 370 
 Ciewald. Solomon, ..,..:..dccilbisecdetee 373 
 RSD Es CR, GRAM tee ee aaa ini DeD 
 
 Ottman,’-Emery: As b..6idaubnns 505 
 Bayne Dank (Ali eal ew 375 
 Baimet Samii So. fig aa eat 447 
 Parker, | Geo.s Gi. es ae 554 
 Parker:."Lheo.) Go id, cies at 526 
 Batre Amos (A) 3 hctd cee ue 488 
 Searson Gea. a ie ee ae 389 
 arson. | Wm, Ee ews ore 439 
 Parsons, }- Elmer (Ey cis f: ccs 516 
 Bassavant: Wm; Av ped yuatt a 385 
 Ratterson Robt). Bo isto ict 505 
 Patterson, Richard S. .c..cescsssseee 496 
 ee Formesty To. 5 gered a) 571 
 mreerys Pettit. Bec tk! A ae Yo 501 
 (a NRE Me CRD 8 Baits IR EN Ae 591 
 Beschau. Ferd Wan Ks cfecccscn 450 
 Peterman, Robt. , Bas \iit...cscsssobe. 560 
 Peters) Wai Hit tees td 579 
 Bhahler.|: Matt) Mike ea ehcp: 392 
 Péatteicher,: Philip) oy 2200. ay 420 
 Bron Jonni Gs Me ee 426 
 Phsllippig Alex 123. .ccasee Bh ncaa 420 
 Phillipy,, Norman. Gwashiuedi.nides 560 
 Rive. Gratis Mio. Meee Se 402 
 Piper, Pdward® A: .2..ccpsasiaheons 585 
 Hittengver Sami. 2) J; se cut, 530 
 BUG ROM Ce COO eae ek 400 
 Poffenbarger, Reese S. ........csssseee 545 
 Poffinberger, John W. ...1.......000 450 
 Poffinberger, Martin L. ou... 471 
 Rohiman. Atost s.. tandite udede 506 
 Pawell) Samlit Tilia dat teatesad 483 
 mechard hos, Cy cana t clans 435 
 Brobst; |. Geos, Gi ois sil ccsccttoans 412 
 Probst, John. iB wesatd.csibaeiey 404 
 Brpbst, J uther. K.  siassbtcatve 461 
 Rencasco: Chas.) Foo) en se 594 
 Putman) Dwight: Fy fo. ekki 586 
 OFA, (y Bratil Viet. xotetaereerceths eats 575 
 RORY 9 POURED i hadscessounensodse Uobesstieahoonl 398 
 Rally a Vine i Beco 392 
 masmussen,..Carl (Co i evil 8 568 
 
 605 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Rathi! Jacob Biiy aievsancobetanatend 420 
 Rearick, sPacod. Mid saicecesvauantees 488 
 Reve Fen ryt ycaviesoineaselotesnsaie 405 
 Reédcay;,\ Mark -Si: a.cungace 591 
 Redcayy WW tiie Tis ncistsvothlneedscghs 582 
 Redosiy ys Waray Bay sada sddbtictetleetetete 523 
 Reet, \iGredie: Hhny ssn cee eet ns 501 
 Ree sey. Chrassti'sysisiecsccesieueselatesentacets 372 
 Regint, Lawrence’ thle nc: 588 
 Rehmeyer, Louis H. ou... sesseesees 577 
 Reiff), Flereratas accuses eodtecsectees 428 
 Reighard) doh foi one i esices 493 
 Reimer, Wm. H. W.. ue. 545 
 Reinewald,)))CHasys itseccssscesocsecsee 483 
 BRPiggh, LOS essay ita conteavettsnccte 534 
 Reller, sdderman: Co) sidecases 501 
 Remensnyder, Junius B. .......... 433 
 Remsberg, Wilson Li ...cssssseee 456 
 Renninger,: Josiah S. \..cc...écccsecsece 426 
 Renshaw) Was Ay”? ..cceeessecestonsose 396 
 Peritee/ Wire Hy cons cheostts es anituacsertes 464 
 Reynolds, Wom. Mir cicccgecc ik 367 
 Rhoads, Henry (Sy nin ieae 542 
 Rhady,. Stephen’) Aisne 383 
 Rie yr: lay Bred cpsscegscndaccaceptberttnces 566 
 Rice) later i Fini .e- AMG. as 564 
 Riced +, Jobin Mia ices ati sntectodeses 426 
 Richards Jasuyo ds: pascsincnmesetecee 530 
 Richard. ow KWo Su ane 325 
 Richard, Marion G.  w..escscccsessses 523 
 Richard, “Ralph (Ro '.aiiwectiats 568 
 Richards, Matt.» TH.) iia 432 
 Richardson, Arthur F. ......0... 483 
 Retker; + Chasis) 400 a 583 
 Riethmiller, Walter L. .............00 571 
 Rightmeyer, Peter M. ..........c00 389 
 Rinard,» Herbert Aj \}suc..ads 547 
 BS Oh] ASe)4 Pradsodsent ip beossnbieaenerietee 372 
 Ringe Want Rok nba scale 591 
 Bestia) (cline ise ates 506 
 Rae Reeti te sel ales orttsabtieecnnts 571 
 Ritz: Solomon | ss .ctnseeorewed 373 
 Rizes, Lawrence: i: cee 395 
 FIZ CL ys FOOL sosicaeccbatche nnepabidecksiae 368 
 
 Robb,. Jorias Kiso Aa 558 
 Roberts, Clifford S. .....scccccscsesses 572 
 Robinson, Felix G. w..cscccccsssssceseee 588 
 Rebinson,. Ralph :C....402uaan 591 
 Roedel, i: Wim.) Dui au aCe dae 400 
 Roehner, Henry Cy. ccscsccssccsscorece 534 
 Roland... Ernest Vs wcihtcoseces 555 
 Rose, Henty-Cy.-..ccclostevascesreaen 545 
 Rosenberg, Ludwig. ........sscsecseeee 516 
 Rosenmiller, David P. ..........00 365 
 Roseénstengel,. Wim. ...ccccccsessesssseeee 462 
 Rost): Lawrence csccconluanias 580 
 Roth; Geo wet. ce lees 402 
 Roth, Giver+Gususidi. Scan 467 
 Rothrock, Sams) aie 368 
 Rowe, -Adam +B, i. 22eeR ees 447 
 Rowe, Geo. Ws icaistdnitetercd tienen 501 
 Royér, «Ged. cA c:>cicsccncctecsncttssenealit 493 
 Ruby; Ed. Chae. eee 545 
 Rede, -Anders ‘Re alae 385 
 Rudisill, Andrew J. ...cscssscsceeceee 516 
 Rudisill, Benton Fi wc. cesesseesees 571 
 Reidisill, \BarkaS..: glacustessvenvicees 568 
 Rudisill,. Jacob. Ba ccc. aseateteae 577 
 Rudisill;-Martin’ TL. “eae 545 
 Rudisill, Stewart H.  ...c.ecscccsecese 568 
 Rudolph, Ralph R. ....sccsescerees 560 
 
 Rueter, Adelbert ......sccccccsscceseeeeere 406 
 Rupley;,. Geo. Av 2.0 c.sake BG 
 Rupley,» John. By» ceili tesa Ore 
 Rupp, John: CUR. “uae 
 Rupp. Ulvsses S. G. ccccccscconsseccee 501 
 
 Rutherford, Wm. Ly wu..eessececees 497 
 Sadtier, John -P.'By 22h24288 392 
 Sahm, «Peter: s..:iisstiseqrensrereneoua 371 
 Saltzgiver, Willard E. ou... 568 
 Sammel, «Writs. Wty) +502... eee 577 
 Sand, «Faced ibisccpovetsss abe eereucanaen 385 
 Sanders,. Chas.eF. autistic 512 
 Sandt, Chas... Af. scene 480 
 Santt),,, Wilhelm |. .:.icelcn.. came 519 
 Sanner,... Dank ..\....aiieaaeoae 420 
 Sarver; J OURHAM \.pecstconslnaaee 431 
 
 606 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 
 
 Sauerwein, Peter G. ....ccccsccsesee 392 
 Sale Parry Dc... ees 583 
 Serytord, Sam,” ..ainmotdegsns 372 
 Geraar): Chas, OQ.) ooh) ee 526 
 Sthaefer, Chas. Fo ace 315 
 Scneetier, Chas, Wi sl Bue 377 
 Schafer Adam.~........cckusiuuenis 478 
 Sohantz, “Elmer Fo yet 512 
 Schantz, Frank: J.) Puiu 412 
 Soneffer, Geo.) Fas comes oak 568 
 Stheide, Geo. We ‘siscscisicccldscssasiee 402 
 Sonerer.. Jacob (ch asihetecesaas 386 
 Scherer, John J., Jr. ...ccccsssovece 542 
 Sonerer. Luther <P. icc vee 475 
 Scherer, (SIMEON. riiacccaddeesssddecconns 396 
 Scherer, Wilberforce, J. D. ...... 488 
 Schierenbeck,’ J... HH. Cri) .steesieei 409 
 Schillinger, Geo. W.  seccccossessess 580 
 erm DT, 1. DAATCK |S. catteteccsdferelleceday 428 
 YO UE Peer gta beg ae ie Sealey Ey Ope a 426 
 Sonate Vv Bengs. Wee iss cossseedssesses 407 
 Sree LL WA ILETS "2k, 4 cbse dante ctrncasewnces 489 
 SHO TON 3 Fa Se VV « nedsvesspoababes 402 
 PSC EEE, hops cnswah tose Pass eoeses 423 
 Sebmdtsi henry: Ts ois icn 303 
 Schmidt: sob) Hi: .deaasdccsiesncs 423 
 She yProsk lac feo an 6 RUN (IS re Ba 395 
 Schmucker, Geo. ...ccccrsssesssesccseses 373 
 Schmucker, Geo. W. S. crccesseee 423 
 Schmucker, Martin L. ...........00 478 
 Schmucker, Saml. M. ..........000 386 
 Schmucker, Saml. S.  ........secs000 106 
 RCMMELES Gs CORI & E91 Ricard ca ocvasnoservehnesen 478 
 Schnurrer, Otto K. W. .....cs00 417 
 Schoemperlen, Geo. H. ........... 443 
 OST RER TC BaIOSy Bee 373 
 SMT PII, Li. css stsatdcassces saotetns 583 
 Schreckheis, J. M.  ..ccccccssscossoeeee 412 
 SIRE ADEE. (Sy. cncticsciceteccstecd 501 
 Schultze, Augustus H. «sess 402 
 RPE S UA BIAS asin scceenstboseseedon sbbed 385 
 eemrart e600 Pi iccddsdees. paces 590 
 MEOMPL EDO LONTD, | nscnpecnnmnnoesskessotisenc’ 409 
 SotwartZ, John. W..  ncccssvosossessesees 420 
 
 Scott Wi Do Be ec isaeodidecns 471 
 See LA Tr RRR RB Bp a HR 366 
 Seabrook, Wm) Do... ake 493 
 See CEN ACOIS | sutsscust bien ereeentera 375 
 Seebach)' Julius? Fy) ce 519 
 mer bert, ohn: Pe se 497 
 peice), | Win Ca ose er $44 
 ETEET Cy LED L Yor «, tesvclatrenreceilainoneae 411 
 eater (se. FE.) th cccthescasecaanae 588 
 Seligman, Wome Mi iicceiscsccsestes 558 
 POPPE SAL) Ta a atccasdeveccabacaontescnteca oe 402 
 Ue OR 9 IRL 8 a Aig eu a No 414 
 Seat es € lets Ass nie en dg 592 
 Settlemeyer, Wm. H.. .............0 438 
 Seavtinian. | SOLOMON: isis coelesets 381 
 Ser. | LIAVIAG Lis accvelasceeness med 571 
 Shaner) Braden) Beek 486 
 ROPIT DR ELCTIEW | Lisetohetianiaivarerst cans 464 
 Pricer HY Pia h) Sonee ee te os 549 
 Sharp, “Menno, 5: iesideweticstcne 546 
 Garretts, (cid Are ee ee, casas 406 
 Sharretts,: Nicholagy) ciesitn.c: 366 
 Stanek: Chas.) skew aise ck 573 
 Shailis: Sant Aw i vee 502 
 Shawls: Samls S27 watt 588 
 Shearer, Thos.) Fs 22 cu ok 558 
 Sheéeder, Philip oc non 398 
 Sheeleigh, Matthias .....ssscscsnsee 405 
 Shetlers: DanliAis tarsus ack 467 
 Bhettel\ Pauls Oud. enki te 582 
 Sialic te Chas, Ac secede eetoceveath 568 
 Siimer Brank Tors. iiie tives 594 
 Shimer, Herbert D. ..:.......ccssccses 527 
 ‘Siridel, Alter VV.) G.caaneeboecd 464 
 Shinde | Henry’ Cay aitdecauae 431 
 Shindler, Chas. Niassa 564 
 Shindler, Raymond  ........scsccseeee 583 
 Sfinmar: Wot A. iaeieese ete 462 
 Ritirey Jobo Di Pit 420 
 SWocis \ lasin Le. cae anteesaie 385 
 Siiranéer Albert Rae Acca ee 469 
 Siiriver,"| Pearl OP i pats to 528 
 Shumaker, Stella B. ..........sscseee 588 
 Sieher: Tohn TiAl Citation 538 
 
 607 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Sieber, Lemuel Ly wuc.ceccccssceses 454 
 Siéboldé Chass, 4k lan san Le 590 
 Sievart, We. Ro 4...c i. eae 588 
 siékery: John. Hw Bh ce 423 
 Simoleit,-Hans- Oo Back 592 
 Simon, Garl Reni ksi 591 
 Simon, Walter V.) ....ccccccccsscssssssee 594 
 Simonton, Chester S.  coccsseseee 577 
 Singmaster, + Js Ae kad Wh cescaes 330 
 slater; “Sam... Ghee ees 484 
 Slaybaugh;* ‘Geos “Henn 451 
 lifer, Geore Wwe haw kindha... 580 
 lifer. Wine yen eka ga Rcck sien 506 
 loop; Henry SB. (B10 ce ee 506 
 Smeltzer, “Josiah (Plo. week 398 
 rath, 8 David exciccstkiitcscscesssoes 379 
 Simith Prank iy Sa ak 572 
 Smith“Henry) Rec. 529 
 Smith Jacob? Ly: acudh eb satececcl 433 
 Smith; Mervin E. “%..200ae eae 561 
 Smithy 6G. 4B ski tek tlt. ee 462 
 Smith? -Saml.t Reo eige Ae 564 
 mmith, "Wire vE, Ae eee 375 
 Smiyser,: Martin! Me, .c08:0.2822 538 
 Snyder, Edgar Bi ..2Hka kis 561 
 StiyderysGeos Fs nb clik deeccetelks 506 
 Snyder Harry: Gis Baan. 489 
 Snyder, Henry W. .rcceccscccscsecees 553 
 Snyder, Jeremiah M.  ........ccc00 459 
 Sry dere Jos sAle cca ecscceteee 417 
 Snyder; “outher’ Tt... dads 502 
 Snyder! Saml teu Sea. Lae 561 
 Snyders" Simion is 12 hae 561 
 Sommer, Wm. M. K, ......cccccceee 426 
 Sondhaus,;:Martin® .2.0niikan 389 
 Ore Chase ail, ies cee eek ietoes 464 
 Sorrick, Raymond Cy wuss 590 
 Spangler, Henry R. wees 555 
 Spangler, Jacob M.. .....cecccscsseees 591 
 Spangler, John :As! sciientelliosedlee 580 
 Spatigler;>-Folm + Fs. cca eee 577 
 Spangler, Walter D. ...........c008 569 
 Spangler, Wm. M.  .u..csscessecsss 456 
 Spayde, Webster Cy ....ccccsssscees 527 
 
 Spieker, Geo. Piva tani ae 433 
 Sprecher, Samal oivsiicsacerdudecseddorcs 374 
 Springer; - Francis... enced 371 
 Stahl; } Wit Bc. ..Actccabecabeyercossetes 429 
 Stahler, «Wiis «Es. Aue 473 
 Stahlman; Chas. 2. eon ie 592 
 Stair, Reuben ‘vacadniaumiaeue 484 
 Staley,.Preds-W o4.cntestescsas cates 457 
 btall, Sylvanus 21): 2 ere 454 
 Stamets, -Amos'.M."\ 2022. 322 534 
 Stamm, “Raymond -Ty daa 586 
 Startzman;> Christian .c42...8e8 375 
 Stauffer, Howard. A.7o3 See 558 
 Stauffer..Saml. 5. aGieassee 438 
 Stecle nA Rat panel geen 478 
 Steck, Ghasit Tax aean te 421 
 Stéckj- «Danls 408k nck.serbnlntae 394 
 Steck, Wim. ih... Ais. eee 489 
 Steck (Wa. «H.-L ae 434 
 Stein, Curvine Fy. cand. nee 564 
 Steinhauer, Arthur H. ............0 558 
 Steinhauer, Chas. EB. Oni iced 421 
 Btermety JOS... Fe i 2endecckagee 569 
 Stérnat, Fred: €; : Jann cee 549 
 Sternat;> Henry. W. sna. 586 
 Stenber) Fred. ji00-cee ee ee 591 
 Stiles,...Austia.,.B. UE eee 594 
 Stine, Milton’ H.....21s.d. cae 464 
 Stine, :-Ralph)-E.5....desl.. ee 582 
 Stock, :Ghas. ..Mo sen nd... cei 460 
 Stock, (Danl. 26... ee 421 
 Stocly Harry Bo; Gaic..ceeee 516 
 Stockslager, Philip T. E. ........ 529 
 Stoever,:-Ghas.! Fj cet 377 
 Stoner, Jacobi Riis wiles 542 
 Stonesifer, Wade E. ........cccccsese 582 
 Stork» Gi Aicas.cti aie 322 
 Stork, - Theophilus” :...2...h20cc 377 
 Straw,» Jacob, Hy, \...cistietscsccsnscqteatee 535 
 Streamer,:Chas. Rriasnihasaeee 527 
 Strock, Jahr! Rui: sccicsitecthepabenaiae 552 
 Struntz, Gustavus A. ......eccesseees 423 
 Stump, iA dain :.-,scsscsceiaeeteceeheeen 467 
 stup; Adam s.(C., Y.acalil ee 507 
 
 608 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX 
 
 eitip, .Gravson 'Z. kaatuitancsaee 527 
 maesserott, Beni) \C. -\ cate aiiacas 409 
 Beimers, ) ACOD. s..iceidasieseescacses seed 392 
 Sunday, Orie Ey dha ue 553 
 Sunday. Wo. Fs gee 577 
 Sutcliffe, Alfred To). ccitstidens 573 
 Sxtherland, Edgar nicaebicd..p 576 
 Savank «Calvin Pu: c csscdccotiescorts 552 
 Swank, Newton D.  ..c.cecssssccsees 566 
 Swartz. Chas,’ K. thisneiiee 507 
 Sirattz, “Wm. Po dee oe 475 
 BAWMONE, |) David dicccieciigstecslaceeessee 409 
 Swope) Jas. Boe ae 561 
 SEMI RES pid Se Lv sdnconhees-seedacheastaoes 368 
 Petey Martine Lys cic Rc eek 507 
 MEY TOE SoAIT SS Dc icecasslecechevcscstoots 473 
 Sholan, Sama Fietoek fis 530 
 homas,:.Theo)-B. 75.28:8ah... 208 497 
 Thompson, Abel N. ........cscscseeee 429 
 MAN ee Sas PE \ ee eS ee 531 
 RTs eAITIOEINYS, “LaPacs Picts. boas natok 410 
 1 TENA (el 41 er eal ae pe 5 oe le het 577 
 REMeINSOD, Bs Wee | ck Skcbccecasts 454 
 Tomlinson, Danl. S. A. ........... 460 
 Menminsot, FOS. A... ..ivisssaeeea tek 445 
 SO Ma 2s | 1 La BL 378 
 SU aia ae GaP NC ML 5 eh oct Ohae a annonce 538 
 Mraucets«. jordan. C.oiccceccess 489 
 SE tea br Naa Wes tC nae bot PI 426 
 raver, «Chester. Flo oes ccenses 457 
 PRC NEO ANY TELA E10 asyseacgnnceietvonevesies 445 
 MPeipley, Danls Bw. i....ccsscscshsosscn dies 486 
 Trimper, Abraham A. qu... 383 
 RES Rs LGN «  calvaccevouterbsnassnsede 549 
 PMENEE PI OUEIOE Ap Lx .cocscocavbsibonrseosite 575 
 SUMRNSES es BREAN 0d geass buses severe ccevdasosobans 594 
 mrownridge, Chas.) Ris iissiete..sogace 475 
 Merely, ard JE sjeciecsece-conseies 471 
 PRES Dr, CAG a. Soe s eniversthakasdgeicatonces 465 
 AP MA1E, GeO, He: vevesrsosecisektsaesoseget 578 
 Ra MU ATL ig Mosuh anu ncu avon obi vaca dosesbocork 394 
 RMT WA PEII Ns p cooeebvnceteesoebeds fospoveotece 524 
 
 Wiery,:, Christian D,) icals-2.c ted 421 
 Mlety Ware Fp ieee eae 410 
 WP riche FOMTA opornteete checeaccniens 371 
 Umberger, Jas, Bo ets e kee 484 
 adpangst,) Frias 'y....0...ic ssn 413 
 Maruh,: Jon ON; ee ele ae. 403 
 Valentine, Milton ».....cs..ccccecsctenes 317 
 Valentine, Milton Hy. ou... 480 
 Van Ormer, Abraham B. B. .... 531 
 Wenabile,..Chas.. Li 42... .bislcale pte 584 
 WORE HTESSON 21001. Sete 369 
 Whaare OS Witt Be si feccscagecdcetsceseerne 438 
 PLS Aig WV Tia Aik th coastcctteatoacs scans 546 
 Wadsworth, Wm. As crccccccccccscsced 383 
 Wagner. Breds try get. bai 
 Wagner, Harry.0., o.oo 552 
 Warner, John cc) ear. a3 447 
 Wagner, Jolin, Hise ose os 590 
 Weaagner,. Paul: Se tilts 575 
 Wagner, Raiph.. Lith se 582 
 Wanner, Saml: salt tena 379 
 Wagner, Wms Joa... cee 502 
 Waldkoenig, Arthur C. ........000 586 
 Waltemyer, Wm. C.. ......ccccccsssee 558 
 WalterickjJocH: O23 454 
 Walter; Clinton) E., (82 ese. 3 497 
 AV alter. JACOD tdaasscceoo eee eectetes 378 
 Walter): Isaac thea nol ee 552 
 Waltz; Soloman:)S,. (22k 451 
 Wampole, Jacob F. uu... sccsscsees 412 
 Waring,..Luther. H. i225.cal 524 
 Warners. AGAM. \.cilseeAt woes 451 
 Washineton,,.:J.. Be eras. S17 
 Voters Asai, Eis iiicnessssetttthcssgies 410 
 Waybright, Walter E.............. 592 
 Weaver, Francis He) ....1.:...eccostecs 454 
 Weaver! Wm: ead aa 387 
 Weber, : Henry... Hi.) 22020). as 475 
 WVEDESE, ATOLL. Juvicchassesnndestivteloticecense 421 
 Webner, Clarence G. ......s.cccsessees 584 
 Webner, Harvey M. .....cccccsssserees 591 
 Wedekind, Augustus C. .........0 396 
 
 609 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Weibel, John and LT 378 
 Weidensall, Robt. ........cecccsccsseeee 429 
 Weidley, : Jot: cciusccubeiletccban 493 
 Wreidley,,: Paul. Auss....kianuie 578 
 Weigle,Danl,. Ei» .icklakl 555 
 Weigle, Elias: D. : ase 462 
 Weigle, Luther) Ay. wlan, 538 
 Weikert, Sam! Asialuc. aes 451 
 Weimer, David |S. ial eo ha 547 
 Weise, ArthursiJinee a. 424 
 Weiser, Chas. “Wi. si.iptscebesssttiaes 550 
 Weiser, Reuben B.  ...c...ccccscsssees 369 
 Welflewi i Forint tuititeccdstesieshdibc siconcen 405 
 WVRIKAG, SOS), ulaan eitiear tn ckecstke ts 397 
 Werte VAR oie age Ne ae 338 
 Wenzel, Geo. A. wicccecccsseseees bate, 385 
 West, Jonathan Ali.Jasatd. aks 465 
 My ey Chas. G.. ule hes 367 
 Wheeler, Hiram 0)... xajge.nuts 386 
 Wheeler,) Wm. FE. 22. aviia ua 529 
 Whetstone, Amos M. .......csccsccseeeee 429 
 White: (Clifton) G.\. aeavassuae 529 
 Whitmoyer, Clay S. .i..ccccscsscesees 552 
 Wicker, ., Samuel. Eu... .c20ci.. esas 573 
 Wickey, Norman J. Gy wc. 569 
 Wieand, Henry E. eil...ctcae 497 
 West,’ Charles: Br cue. bats 524 
 Wile, Henry By cau tohi aas 465 
 Wales, Charles) Poiucl crt toes 517 
 Walk Fred. Lot oii eee ee 565 
 Willard, Philin’ ci.uiserng ci. 2at 383 
 Wilhams, John FR. tisk. wt 429 
 Williams, Levi Ei, did. tame 387 
 Williams, Johsy 20. ccciades ies 378 
 Williams, Rene H. ........ccscsccssees 517 
 WHT is.?* Jas ccrescisesondetsbesshate deescataed 457 
 Wilox. John eRe cl ei 381 
 Wilson, iGeo, Wit. ccaiiiesd.eake 441 
 Windman, Ernest P. ........ccsccseeee 586 
 Wingart, Jacob, (2iceeiie ae 369 
 Wink: Howard Ui/1.oci eines 594 
 Winkelblech, John Fy. ou... scenes 575 
 Witt, Join ‘A. Ain saandiin. sek 457 
 Witman, Horace M. ...cscsscccsees 524 
 
 Witman;. Paub: Dac Goa 546 
 Witmer, Ghag.! 4c..s3 cosmo 389 
 Watt, Kdwards Or. sear ores 531 
 Witt, - Samii). chk eae 390 
 Wittich, ‘Philip 02:.3.,..fa cae 473 
 Wolf, Aidtkin G.* i chil ule 489 
 Wolf,.: Edmund), Je Sana 507 
 Wold, Bose scJi Rea cesdesscesleoline eto 320 
 Wolfs JaseinBe; Sa Ree cee 458 
 Wolf, - Luther. Bs) inl abies 472 
 Wolf,: Michael scat anes 417 
 Wolf); Norman-S.ccLaga ae 550 
 Wolf, Robt Buia ehh aee 507 
 Wolf) Robtushe 270. eee 573 
 Wolfe, Joba). W220 572 
 Woods, Oscar <72..:0. eee 550 
 Woods, : Robti Wy... [aoa 531 
 Woodward, Luther E. .........scsse0 588 
 Wrigcht.>Jacob JH) 2. .use 406 
 Wurster, Immanuel . .........cesccsseee 403 
 Varger,.. Harry, sb.4 cise 480 
 Veawer,.. Geon ) Aocisechcisnaecsue 366 
 Veakley,: Taylor," By iAL cen 532 
 Yeaney, Norman A,  ....ccccscocssese 561 
 Weiser: ;; Alfred 0... 202 Gaia 435 
 Meiser,,, Noah. Fi.) coca ee 502 
 Viengst, Kirby .M. ?..abisaias 586 
 Yingling, 'Saml: i. aaieshaae 405 
 Yoder, John. QO.) ...2gii0.... create 527 
 Yost, . Hugh.. Eo ko-osgae eee 592 
 Most Theos, Jick ie eee 455 
 Woung, As. Le Bice .emee 379 
 Woung,:. Chas.’ sake ae ee 395 
 Young, Henry B. cuc. ike 588 
 Young, John J. cnt eendeeat ee 458 
 Vong, Leslie Koc Sees ee 565 
 Young, Martini: astht) deen 460 
 Younge, .Edward)/Ciecicie.. tee 375 
 Vand, Roy Loi. od. eel sane 584 
 Wiitzy,. JACOD:) piss sctebscddtesvectana 462 
 Zhinden: Otte a es 592 
 Peters las ee ee 475 
 
 610 
 
GENERAL INDEX 
 
 Fiegler, Henry i:-cdswslansoeten 387 
 Ziegler; Jacob Lilac enki 376 
 Atemier,:. Win. Eid iukok ecw ine 594 
 Zarpmer |: J Obr Ni Shs iiss 451 
 Zimmerman, Horace E. .......00 498 
 
 Zimmerman, Jeremiah ............0. 455 
 Zimmerman, Josiah ..........scsceseeeee 412 
 Zimmerman, Li Me ria anias 480 
 Zimmerman, Ms #0) cn aces 480 
 
 GENERAL INDEX 
 
 Adams Co. Acad., 99, 102ff, 143, 145. 
 
 Adams Co., Pa., 99, 134, 144, 154, 
 195, 283. 
 
 Address of the G. S. to the Evan. 
 Luth. Ch., 119. 
 
 Agents for Gbg. Sem., 95. 
 
 Albany, N. Y., 13, 22, 66ff, 69, 71, 
 78. 
 
 Albany Co., N. Y., 64. 
 
 Albert, C.S., 235: 
 
 Albert, Jacob, 55. 
 
 Albert, L. E., 224, 226, 242. 
 
 Alexander, Archibald, 106. 
 
 Alexandria, Va., 105. 
 
 Allegheny, Pa., cf. Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Allegheny Col., 144. 
 
 Allegheny Mts., 75ff. 
 
 Alleghany Synod, 160, 249, 277, 281. 
 
 Alleman, Col., 205. 
 
 Alleman, H. C., 261, 274. 
 
 Allentown, Pa., 172, 177, 250, 258. 
 
 Allentowner Freibothen, 159, 
 
 Alsace, 40. 
 
 Altoona, Pa., 234, 247. 
 
 Alumni Assn., 137, 140, 155, 180, 182, 
 219, 246, 286, 293, 295 
 
 American Bible Soc., 107. 
 
 American Education Soc., 135ff. 
 
 American German H. S., 40. 
 
 American Schools of Oriental Re- 
 search, 270. 
 
 American Tract Soc., 112. 
 
 Amerikanischer Correspondent, 158. 
 
 Amsterdam, 13ff, 21, 133. 
 Amsterdam Church Order, 22. 
 Anabaptists, 56. 
 
 Andover Review, 233. 
 
 Andover Sem., 73, 104, 137, 182. 
 
 Anstadt, Henry, 294. 
 
 Arends, G., 78. 
 
 Arensius, Bernhard, 13. 
 
 Artz, Wm., 102. 
 
 Associated Ref. Ch., Gbg., Pa., 99. 
 
 Atchison, Kan., 236. 
 
 Athens, N. Y., 22ff, 43, 66, 68. 
 
 Auburn Sem., 105. 
 
 Augsburg Confession, 53, 71, 85, 94, 
 101, 117ff, 123ff, 131, 166, 168ff, 
 186, 192, 230, 234, 252, 264, 273. 
 
 Australia, 132. 
 
 Bachman, John, 59ff, 68, 84, 95. 
 
 Baetis, Wm., 54. 
 
 Bahl, Jesse, 57. 
 
 Baird, Robt., 106. 
 
 Baker, J. C., 54, 57. 
 
 Baltimore, Md., 55, 99ff, 107, 129, 
 133, 135, 139, 148, 195, 203, 216, 
 223, 228; 234, 237.242; 252)°257; 
 282. 
 
 Bangor, Me., Sem., 105. 
 
 Baptists, 158, 194, 227. 
 
 Barnitz, Chas. A., 98, 146. 
 
 Barren Hill, Pa., 30. 
 
 Basel, 131, 221. 
 
 Bassler, Gottleib, 160, 284. 
 
 611 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Baeher, if). Laity) 220) atene 
 
 Baugher, H. L., Sr., 144, 164, 168, 
 173, 182, 209, 294. 
 
 Baugher, Isaac, 137. 
 
 Baum, W. M., 226. 
 
 Bedford Co., Pa., 52, 54. 
 
 Bell, Jos. E., 84. 
 
 Bell, P. G., 247. 
 
 Bengston, Andrew, 16. 
 
 Bergmann, C. F., 59. 
 
 Bergmann, J. E., 59. 
 
 Berkenmeyer, W. C., 21, 24, 64, 78. 
 
 Berlin, Ger., 130ff. 
 
 Berringer, Col., 96. 
 
 Bibliotheca Sacra, 233. 
 
 Billheimer, Thos. C., 196, 245, 261. 
 
 Bittle, D. F., 60, 221. 
 
 Bjork, Eric, 17. 
 
 Black, L. S., 294. 
 
 Blood, Capt., 209. 
 
 Blythe, J. C., 100. 
 
 BOP Ot Uh.  Bxt 233. 
 
 Boltzius, J. M., 24ff. 
 
 Boston, Mass., 135, 140, 205, 268. 
 
 Bradford Co., Pa., 81. 
 
 Braun, A. T., 66. 
 
 Brauns, Ernst, 61. 
 
 Bratms,7...1: 7-158: 
 
 Braunschweig, 158. 
 
 Bremen, 130, 133, 221. 
 
 Brown, J. A., 169ff, 186ff, 190ff, 
 210, 215ff, 232, 234, 263, 289. 
 
 Brunnholtz, Pastor, 32, 34. 
 
 Bryant, W. C., 80. 
 
 Bucher, Judge, 129. 
 
 Buehler, Mrs. Martin, 237. 
 
 Buehler, S. H., 134, 146ff. 
 
 Buffalo Synod, 123, 181. 
 
 Buford, Gen., 197, 200, 212. 
 
 Butler, J. G., 52, 234, 240. 
 
 Callenberg, Dr., of Hamburg, 65. 
 Cameron, Simon, 204. 
 Campanius, John, 15, 285. 
 
 Campbell, T., 14. 
 
 Canada, 11, 78, 267. 
 
 Canonsburg, Pa., 102, 143. 
 
 Capital U. & Sem., 164, 171, 174, 
 181, 277, 283. 
 
 Carlisle, Pa.,..52, 96, 98," 102120: 
 134, 142, 146, 268. 
 
 Carpenter, Wm., 55, 59. 
 
 Carthage Col., 233, 263. 
 
 Cashtown, Pa., 198. 
 
 Catawba Co., N. C., 59. 
 
 Catechism, cf. Luther’s Small Cat- 
 echism. 
 
 Catskill, Mts., 21. 
 
 Cent. Miss. Soc., 114. 
 
 Central Pa. Synod, 160, 249. 
 
 Chambersburg, Pa., 52, 79, 98, 148, 
 210. 215402315 
 
 Charleston, S. C., 23, 25, 42, 59, 84, 
 111. 
 
 Charleston Presbytery, 23. 
 
 Chester Co., Pa., 32: 
 
 Chicago, Ill., 236ff. 
 
 Chrischona, 221. 
 
 Christ’s Church, N. Y. City, 22, 146. 
 
 Christian Commission, 204, 210. 
 
 Christlieb, Theo., 230. 
 
 Ch. Ext. Soc., 114. 
 
 Churchtown, N. Y., 66. 
 
 Cincinnati, O., 60. 
 
 Civil War, 99, 157, 177, 182ff, 190ff, 
 254, 256. 
 
 Clark, Champ, 212. 
 
 Clay, Henry, 129. 
 
 Cleveland, O., 268. 
 
 Clinton, DeWitt, 65. 
 
 Clutz, J. A., 260, 262ff, 271, 280. 
 
 Colgate Univ., 105. 
 
 Collier, Richard, 60. 
 
 Columbia Co., N. Y., 60. 
 
 Columbia Univ., 46ff, 62, 68. 
 
 Columbus, O., 56, 164, 171, 174, 181, 
 277. 
 
 Columbus, Christopher, 201. 
 
 612 
 
GENERAL INDEX 
 
 Committee on Foreign Correspond- 
 ence of G./S., 1127133. 
 
 Common Service cf. Liturgics. 
 
 Co. A, 26th Ret., P. V. M., 195ff. 
 
 Concordia Sem., 239. 
 
 Conference of Pastors, Ist, 22, 
 Fred. Muhlenberg’s in N. Y. City, 
 77. 
 
 Confessions, Lutheran, 35, 53, 174, 
 220, Pa. Min’s. rejection of, 116, 
 and acceptance of, 124; N. Y. 
 Min. and, 116; G. S. and, 120; re- 
 newed study of, 121, 158; old and 
 new Lutheranism and, 123ff. 
 
 Congaree River, 25. 
 
 Congregational Church, 135, 182. 
 
 Conrad, F. W., 208, 215ff, 219, 222, 
 226, 231ff, 240, 249. 
 
 Consistories, Amsterdam, 13ff, Han- 
 over, 78, London, 16. 
 
 Constitution, Gbg. Sem., Instr. to 
 Schmucker re. 96, adoption of, 
 100, changes in, 263ff. 
 
 Constitution, Model for 
 114, 120. 
 
 Constitution, U. S., 74. 
 
 Cooper, Jas. F., 65, 80. 
 
 Cooper, Thos., 253. 
 
 Cooper, Wm., 65. 
 
 Cooperstown, N. Y., 67, 69. 
 
 Coover, M., 260, 271. 
 
 Copenhagen, 130. 
 
 Crelle, August, 44. 
 
 Cumberland Valley, 77, 197. 
 
 Curtin, A. G., 195, 203, 236. 
 
 Synods, 
 
 Danish West Indies, 40. 
 
 Da Vinci, Leonardo, 257. 
 
 Davis. Bae, 226. 
 
 Davis, Mrs. Jefferson, 204. 
 
 “Defense of the Free Church of N. 
 A.,” by Gock, 87. 
 
 Definite Synodical Platform, 
 166ff. 
 
 124, 
 
 Deininger, A. G., 55. 
 
 Delaware River, 13, 15ff, 49. 
 
 Demme, C. R., 95, 172, 174. 
 
 Dempwolf, J. A., 241. 
 
 Denmark, 130, cf. 
 navians. 
 
 DeWette, W. M. L., 131. 
 
 Dickinson Col., 98, 102, 142, 144. 
 
 Diehl, Geo., 193. 
 
 Dieren, Bernard von, 20. 
 
 Diet of Worms, 118. 
 
 Domeier, Peter W., 60. 
 
 Dorpat, 130. 
 
 Doubleday, Gen., 199. 
 
 Dred Scott Decision, 193. 
 
 Dreher, Pastor, 95. 
 
 Dresden, 132. 
 
 Dubourg, Bishop, 129. 
 
 Dunbar, W. H., 242. 
 
 Dutchess Co., N. Y., 64. 
 
 Dutch Reformed Synod, 47. 
 
 Dutch West India Co., 12, 14. 
 
 also Scandi- 
 
 Early, Gen., 199. 
 
 Easton, Pa., 33, 65, 186. 
 
 East Pa. Synod, 159, 169, 218ff, 
 249, 267, 281. 
 
 Ebenezer, Ga., 24, 59. 
 
 Eichelberger, Lewis, 102. 
 
 Eichelberger, Matthew, 241, 247. 
 
 Emmaus Orphanage, 111. 
 
 Emmittsburg, Md., 137, 198. 
 
 Enders, G. W., 249. 
 
 Endress, Christian, 52, 55, 83, 90ff, 
 95, 106. 
 
 Endress, Jacob, 52. 
 
 England, 16, 18, 4s, 77, 104, 112. 
 
 English Language, Ist church using, 
 68; Ist hymnal and catechism, 68; 
 Ist pastors, 68; official of N. Y. 
 Min., 69; plan to resist at Frank- 
 lin Col., 83. 
 
 Episcopal Church, 23, 49, 78, 85ff, 
 116,542], 157,. 227. 
 
 613 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Erfurt, 19. 
 
 Erie Canal, 76. 
 
 Ernst, J. F., 66ff, 134. 
 
 Evangelical Alliance, 112, 161. 
 
 Evangelical Magazine, 283. 
 
 Evangelical Review, 125, 163ff, 
 173ff, 218, 234, 293, cf. also Luth- 
 eran Quarterly. 
 
 Evangelische Magazin, Das., 293. 
 
 Everett, Edward, 209. 
 
 Ewell, Gen., 198ff. 
 
 Executors of Hartwig’s Will, 66. 
 
 Eyer, W. J., 61. 
 
 Eyster, David, 57. 
 
 Eyster, Henry, 195. 
 
 Eyster, Michael, 58. 
 
 F. & M. Col., 51, 55, 81ff, 142, 171. 
 
 Fabritius, Jacob, 13, 16. 
 
 Falckner, Daniel, 18ff 
 
 Falckner, Justus, 18ff, 64. 
 
 Falckner’s Swamp, Pa., cf. New 
 Hanover, Pa. 
 
 Female Education Societies, 136. 
 
 Fetter, W. Aj; 61. 
 
 Finckel, S. D., 102. 
 
 Fischer, M. H., 267. 
 
 Flohr, Geo. D., 59. 
 
 Foreign Miss. Soc., 114. 
 
 Formula for Govt. & Disc., G. S., 
 114. 
 
 Ft. Duquesne, 194. 
 
 Ft. Washington, 196. 
 
 France, 116. 
 
 Francke, A. H., 35, 39. 
 
 Franckean Synod 72, 186, 194, 293. 
 
 Frankfort-on-Main, 19. 
 
 Franklin, Benj., 45, 81. 
 
 Franklin Co., Pa., 102, 143. 
 
 Fraternal Appeal to the Churches, 
 112. 
 
 Frederick, Md., 56ff, 86, 90ff, 93, 98, 
 LIS 136193" 202: 
 
 Frederick Co., Md., 102, 258. 
 
 French & Indian War, 194. 
 
 Frey Estate, 111. 
 
 Fritz, J. H., 258, 268, 270. 
 Funk & Wagnalls Co., 291. 
 
 Gaver, John, 60. 
 
 Galloway, John A., 102. 
 
 Geissenhainer, A. T., 61. 
 
 Geissenhainer, F. W., Jr., 61. 
 
 Geissenhainer, F. W., Sr., 53, 61ff, 
 69, 9Off, O5Sff. 
 
 General Council, 61, 190, 278ff. 
 
 General Synod, 59, 61ff, 72ff, 80, 
 85ff, 90ff, 108, 112ff, 132ff, 158ff, 
 166ff, 190, (217, ‘225, 230,-" 2348, 
 240, 243, 259, 264, 266, 278ff. 
 
 General Theo. Sem., 105. 
 
 Georgetown, Md., 107. 
 
 Georgia, 23, 26, 38, 59, 129. 
 
 Gerardstown, Va., 93. 
 
 German Col., cf. F. & M. Col. 
 
 German Ref. Synod of Pa., 82, cf. 
 also Ref. Ch. 
 
 German Sem. of Chgo., 235. 
 
 German Soc., 45ff. 
 
 Germantown, Pa., 19, 32, 50, 52, 224. 
 
 Germany, ),12;)15; 18, "23; 25" SL 
 38, 59, 64, 77, 92, 104, 114, 121, 
 123,.:130;0138)158, 161, 225: #2o6: 
 
 Gerock, Mr., 36. 
 
 Gettysburg Acad., 98ff. 
 
 Gettysburg Col., 83, 100, 139ff, 
 founding of, 142ff, 168ff, 182, 
 194ff, 204, 206ff, 222, 229ff, 232, 
 239, 245, 260ff, 263, 267, 271. 
 
 Gettysburg Gym., cf. Gettysburg 
 Col. 
 
 Giese, Prof., 235. 
 
 Giessendanner, J. U., 23, 25. 
 
 Gilbert, David, 287. 
 
 Gill, John, 129. 
 
 Glatfelter, Amanda E., 258. 
 
 Glatfelter, P. H., 258. 
 
 Gloria Dei Church, 17. 
 
 _ 614 
 
GENERAL INDEX 
 
 Gock, Carl, 87, 98. 
 
 Goering, Jacob, 52ff, 56ff. 
 Goertner, J. P., 60, 134. 
 Goetwasser, Pastor, 13, 15. 
 Goshenhoppen, Pa., 53. 
 
 Gottwald, 58. 
 
 Gotwald, L. A., 227. 
 
 Graaf, Wm., 33. 
 
 Graber, Pastor, 95. 
 
 Graff family of Pgh., Pa., 216, 233. 
 Grant, U. S., 214. 
 
 Grecht, Wm., 257. 
 
 Greencastle, Pa., 134, 202. 
 Greene Co., Tenn., 84. 
 Greensburg, Pa., 59, 218. 
 Greenwald, Emanuel, 57, 164, 186. 
 Gronau, I. C., 42. 
 
 Gross, J. B., 60. 
 
 Guilford Co., N. C., 59, 96. 
 Gustavus Adolphus, 15. 
 
 Hackensack, N. J., 32. 
 
 THiager, Geo., 146, 148. 
 
 Hagerstown, Md., 53, 56, 58, 85, 93, 
 97ff, 102, 130, 146, 257ff. 
 
 Halle, 18, 24, 27, 29ff, 38, 41, 47, 
 49ff, 60, cf. also Univ. of Halle. 
 
 Hallische Nachrichten, 282. 
 
 Hamburg, 21, 130, 133, 137. 
 
 Hamilton Sem., cf. Colgate Univ. 
 
 Hamilton, Wm., 82. 
 
 Handschuh, Pastor, 34, 36. 
 
 Hanover, Ger., 78. 
 
 Hanover, Pa., 60, 181. 
 
 Harkey, S. W., 226. 
 
 Harpel, Mark, 61. 
 
 Harrisburg, Pa., 53, 57, 87, 90, 92, 
 139, 144, 186, 196ff, 203, 218, 258, 
 278. 
 
 Harry, John, 93, 96, 98. 
 
 Hartford Sem., 105. 
 
 Hartman, Pastor, 134. 
 
 Hartwick Sem., 60, 78, 87, 105, 138, 
 180, 277; founding of, 64ff. 
 
 Hartwick Synod, 60, 72. 
 Hartwick Township, N. Y., 65. 
 Hartwig, J. C., 34, 63ff. 
 
 Hartzell, J. T., 244. 
 
 Harvard Univ., 62, 105, 215. 
 
 Hashinger, W. R., 291. 
 
 Hauer, D. J., 57, 134. 
 
 Hauptman, Mr., 93. 
 
 Hausihl, Pastor, 36. 
 
 Hay, C. A., 140ff, 152,°161ff, 186, 
 203, 216, 218ff, 228, 231, 234, 236ff, 
 244, 270, 294. 
 
 Hazelius, E. L., 60, 71, 138ff, 145, 
 151ff, 155, 159, 172, 282, 284, 293. 
 
 Hecht, J. P., 54, 60. 
 
 Heilig, Danl., 102. 
 
 Heilig, Wm., 134. 
 
 Heilman, Mrs. H. L., 292. 
 
 Heim, J. W., 148. 
 
 Helmuth, J. C. H., 45, 50ff, 60ff, 
 66, 71ff, 81ff, 106, 116ff, 132. 
 
 Henkel, Ambrose, 58. 
 
 Henkel, Andrew, 58. 
 
 Henkel, Anthony J., 19. 
 
 Henkel, Chas., 58. 
 
 Henkel, David, 58. 
 
 Henkel, D. M., 58. 
 
 Henkel, Paul, 53, 55, 58ff, 76, 78ff, 
 84. 
 
 Henkel, Philip, 58, 84. 
 
 Henkel, Polycarp, 58. 
 
 Henkel, Socrates, 58. 
 
 Herbst, J. H., 58, 93, 95ff, 98ff, 113, 
 134, 142, 146ff, 237, 293ff. 
 
 Herrnhut, 131. 
 
 Hesse-Darmstadt, 106. 
 
 Heth, Gen., 198. 
 
 Heydenreich, L. W., 237. 
 
 Heyer, C. F., 77, 148. 
 
 Hever, Fred., 54. 
 
 Hill, A. P., 198. 
 
 Hodge, Chas., 106. 
 
 Hoffman, John N., 57, 134, 169, 285. 
 
 Hoffmeier, Pastor, 83. 
 
 615 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Holland, 12ff, 18, 130. 
 
 Holloway, H. C., 202. 
 
 Holman Lecture, 234ff, 252, 293, 
 298 ff. 
 
 Holman, S. A., 234ff, 252, 293. 
 
 Holstein, 22. 
 
 Home Miss. Soc., 114. 
 
 Hoover, H. D., 263. 
 
 Hoover, Jesse, 58. 
 
 Horn, Be iT 2235; 
 
 Hoshour, J. K., 58. 
 
 Hoshour, S. K., 92. 
 
 Houpt, L. L., 189, 286. 
 
 House of Representatives, U. S., 66. 
 
 Howard, O. O., 199, 219. 
 
 Huber, Eli, 271. 
 
 Huddle, J. T., 268. 
 
 Hudson River, 12ff, 18, 21. 
 
 Hymnals, Ist English, 68; G. S. 
 Comm. on, 113; English of 1829, 
 114; new, 280. 
 
 Illinois, 60, 75ff. 
 
 Illinois State Univ., 181, 221, 267. 
 
 illinois Wesleyan Univ., 263. 
 
 Immaculate Conception, 121. 
 
 Indiana, 75ff, 95. 
 
 Indians, American, 15; Hartwig’s 
 conn. with, 65ff; ceasing of hos- 
 tilities with, 75. 
 
 Inglesi, Abbot, 129. 
 
 Iowa Synod, 123, 181. 
 
 Irving, Washn., 80. 
 
 Italy, 129. 
 
 Jacobs, David, 102, 142ff, 209. 
 
 Jacobs, HH. Ex; 115; 229, \358. 
 
 Jacobs, Michael, 143, 199, 209, 229, 
 253. 
 
 Jaeger, J. C. W., 54. 
 
 Jaeger, Nathan, 60. 
 
 Jefferson Col., 102, 143ff. 
 
 Jefferson Co., Va., 137. 
 
 Jenkins, Danl., 57. 
 
 Jenkins, Wm., 57, 95. 
 
 Jennerstown, Pa., 252. 
 
 Jennings, W. W., 196. 
 
 Jesuits, 121, 159. 
 
 Jews, missionaries for work among 
 at Hamburg, 65. 
 
 Johns, Bishop, 106. 
 
 Joint Synod of Ohio, cf. 
 Synod, old. 
 
 Jonestown, Pa., 102. 
 
 Juniata: Co.; Pa: 205¢. 
 
 Ohio 
 
 Keck, Wm., 96. 
 
 Kehler, John, 57. 
 
 Keil, David S., 92. 
 
 Keiper, H. B., 257. 
 
 Keller, Benj., 55, 57, 93, 95ff, 98, 134, 
 160ff, 173, 177f£, 182, 187, 189, 294. 
 
 Keller, Emanuel, 57. 
 
 Keller, Ezra, 60. 
 
 Kemper, Gen., 204. 
 
 KXempffer, Jacob, 102. 
 
 Kentucky, 76ff. 
 
 Kiel, 130. 
 
 King, Byron, 268. 
 
 King, Charles, 17. 
 
 King of Denmark, 130. 
 
 King of Sweden, 15, 17, 21. 
 
 King’s Col., cf. Columbia Univ. 
 
 Kline, John P., 92. 
 
 Klinefelter, Fred., 195ff. 
 
 Knauff, J. G., 69ff. 
 
 Knoll, M. C., 22. 
 
 Kocherthal, Joshua, 21, 64. 
 
 Kohler, Pastor, 134. 
 
 Koller, J. C., 235, 289. 
 
 Koller, W. C., 289. 
 
 Krauth, Chas. Philip, 57, 60, 93, 95ff, 
 98, 114, 126, 139ff, 145, 148, 155, 
 162ff, 168, 173, 199ff, 218ff, 222, 
 232, 236, 294. 
 
 Krauth, Chas. Porterfield, 87, 126ff, 
 160, 165, 173, 186, 188, 190, 216, 
 229. 
 
 616 
 
GENERAL INDEX 
 
 Krauth, J. M., 196. 
 
 Kreutzman, Mr., 148, 151. 
 
 Krug, J. A., 58. 
 
 Kuhlman, Luther, 252, 261ff. 
 
 Kuhn, Danl., 33. 
 
 Kunkel, C. A., 258. 
 
 Kunze, J. C., 38ff, 61, 63, 66ff, 78, 
 91, 116. - 
 
 Kunze’s Minute Book, 40ff, 45. 
 
 Kurtz, Benj., 57, 93, 95ff, 98, 129ff, 
 133, 140, 159ff, 165, 167, 187ff, 
 236, 277. 
 
 Kurtz, Danl., 55. 
 
 Kurtz, J. D., 96. 
 
 Kurtz, J. N., 32, 34ff, 55. 
 
 Kurtz, Wm., 32. 
 
 Lafayette Col., 144. 
 
 Lampbrecht, J. G., 76. 
 
 Lancaster, O., 77. 
 
 Lancaster, Pa., 19, 51, 53ff, 56, 68, 
 81, 87, 90, 92, 106, 108, 113, 142, 
 228, 257. 
 
 Lancaster Co., Pa., 81, 134. 
 
 Lancaster Sem., 105, 113. 
 
 Lane Sem., 105. 
 
 Lay Readers, Swedish, 16; Falck- 
 ner’s, 21. 
 
 Lebanon, Pa., 53, 57. 
 
 Lebanon Co., Pa., 54, 102. 
 
 Lebanon Valley, Pa., 19. 
 
 Lee, R. E., 193, 195, 199, 201, 212ff. 
 
 Leetown, Va., 137. 
 
 Lehigh Co., Pa., 32. 
 
 Lehmann, Pastor, 43ff. 
 
 Leipsic, 131, 161. 
 
 Lembke, H. H. 24, 26. 
 
 Leps, John, 40, 43. 
 
 Lewis, Eleanor S., 258. 
 
 Lexington, S. C., 139, 181, 277. 
 
 Lexington Co., S. C., 25. 
 
 Lincoln, Abraham, 195, 205, 209. 
 
 Lintner, Geo. A., 60, 95. 
 
 Little, Pastor, 95. 
 
 Littlestown, Pa., 60. 
 
 Liturgics, 279ff. 
 
 Livingston, Dr., 47, 73. 
 
 Lochman, A. H., 57. 
 
 Lochman, Dr., 216. 
 
 Lochman, Geo., 53, 57, 90ff, 95, 106, 
 116. 
 
 Lock, Lars, 16. 
 
 London, 16, 20, 23, 30, 47, 49, 112, 
 130, 161ff. 
 
 Looneburg, N. Y., cf. Athens, N. Y. 
 
 Louisiana, 129. 
 
 Louisiana Purchase, 74. 
 
 Louisville, Ky., 269. 
 
 Luebeck, 130. 
 
 Lutge, Anton, 76. 
 
 Luther, Martin, 17, 119, 134, 242. 
 
 Lutheran, The, 184. 
 
 Lutheran Almanac, 136. 
 
 Lutheran Historical Society, 237, 
 246, 270, 273, 285. 
 
 Lutheran Intelligencer, 57, 129, 132, 
 134, 273, 283. 
 
 Lutheran & Missionary, The, 186ff, 
 190. 
 
 Lutheran Observer, 114, 125, 134, 
 140, 152, 164ff, 179, 184, 187, 190, 
 215, 228, 231ff, 273,277,279, 293. 
 
 Lutheran Quarterly 227ff, 233ff, 279, 
 293. 
 
 Lutheran Summer Assembly, 270. 
 
 Lutherischer Herold, 170. 
 
 Lutheranism, American, Hartwick’s 
 stand, 72; position of, 123ff; con- 
 flicts of, 163ff. 
 
 Lutheranism, Old, rise of, 121, 
 163ff ; position of, 123ff. 
 
 Lutherans, lst in America, 12; 
 Dutch, 13ff; Swedish, 15; Ger- 
 man, 18ff. 
 
 Luther’s Small Catechism, 101, 164, 
 273; Indian, 15ff, 285; in paro- 
 chial schools, 27; in Kunze’s 
 
 617 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 school, 43; Kunze’s English, 68; 
 G. S. Com. on, 113; Schmucker’s, 
 114. 
 
 Lycoming Co., Pa., 81. 
 
 Madison Co., Va., 59. 
 
 Maier, Lewis, 129. 
 
 Manhart, F. P., 235. 
 
 Manhattan Island, 13. 
 
 Mann, Wm. H., 212. 
 
 Mann, W. J., 168ff, 173, 177. 
 
 Mantz, Cyrus, 96, 98. 
 
 Marshall, T. R., 212. 
 
 Martin, Chas., 197. 
 
 Martin, David, 237. 
 
 Martinsburg, Va., 92ff, 197. 
 
 Maryland, 38, 64, 76, 95, 98, 192ff. 
 
 Maryland Synod, 57ff, 79, 85, 91ff, 
 96, 107, 113, 136, 159, 188, 197, 
 249, 258, 281. 
 
 Massachusetts, 13. 
 
 Mayer, F. G., 68. 
 
 Mayer, P. F., 67, 70, 95. 
 
 McAlisterville, Pa., 205. 
 
 McClellan, Wm., 147. 
 
 McFarland, Geo. F., 205. 
 
 McFarland, J. H., 205. 
 
 Mcllvaine, Bishop, 106. 
 
 McKnight, H. W., 196. 
 
 McLaughlin, Alex., 195. 
 
 Mealy, S. D., 59. 
 
 Mechling, Jonas, 59, 76. 
 
 Medtart, Jacob, 57, 129. 
 
 Melanchthon, Philip, 242. 
 
 Melanchthon Synod, 160, 188, 197. 
 
 Melshimer, F. V., 60, 81. 
 
 Mennig, G. P., 57. 
 
 Mercersburg, Pa., 83. 
 
 Methodist Episc. Church, 56, 111, 
 122, 158, 194, 227. 
 
 Methodist Protestants, 284. 
 
 Methodist Review, 233. 
 
 Mexican War, 71. 
 
 Meyerheffer, M., 57. 
 
 Middletown, Md., 60, 92, 107, 140. 
 
 Middletown, Pa., 111. 
 
 Midland Col., 260. 
 
 Miller, C. P., 54. 
 
 Miller, F. W., 61. 
 
 Miller, Geo. B., 60. 
 
 Miller, H. C., 257. 
 
 Miller, H. S., 60. 
 
 Miller, Jacob, 53, 61. 
 
 Miller, R. G., 78. 
 
 Miller, Saml., 106. 
 
 Miller, Thos. C., 146. 
 
 Ministerium of N. Y., 60ff, 66ff, 72, 
 77ff, 85, 87ff, 95, 140. 
 
 Ministerium of Pa., 28, 32, 34ff, 38, 
 42ff, 52ff, 56ff, SOff, 64, 66, 76ff, 
 S1ff, 85ff, 90ff, 95ff, 106, 113, 116, 
 124, 126, 133, 138, 142, 158, 160ff, 
 170ff, 186ff, 215ff, 219, 240, 245. 
 
 Missionary, The, 185. 
 
 Mississippi, 71. 
 
 Mississippi Valley, 75, 157. 
 
 Missouri Synod, 123, 132, 181. 
 
 Moeller, Heinrich, 45. 
 
 Moeller, M. P., 257. 
 
 Moering, Wm., 102. 
 
 Mohammedans, missionaries 
 work among at Hamburg, 65. 
 
 Mohawk Indians, Hartwick’s conn. 
 with, 65. 
 
 Mohawk Valley, 60. 
 
 Monroe Doctrine, 74. 
 
 Montgomery Co., Pa., 18, 32, 153, 
 161. 
 
 Moravians, 52, 72, 131, 135, 138. 
 
 Moravian Sem., 71ff, 104. 
 
 Morehart, C. C., 268. 
 
 Morris, C. A, 58, 245, 258. 
 
 Morris, J. .G., .92; 102) 338;2152, 
 155, 160ff, 168, 172, 223, 235ff, 235, 
 242, 245, 282. 
 
 Moser, Danl., 59, 
 
 Moser, J. R., 59. 
 
 Motley, J. L., 14. 
 
 for 
 
 618 
 
GENERAL INDEX 
 
 Mt. Airy Sem., 56, 126, 186ff, 216, 
 225, 220, 239, 278. 
 
 Mott, J. R., 276. 
 
 Muckenhaupt, P., 76. 
 
 Muhlenberg, F. A., 33, 46, 66, 77. 
 
 Muhlenberg, F. A., 168, 171. 
 
 Muhlenberg, H. A., 54ff, 61, 68, 90, 
 95, 108. 
 
 Muhlenberg, H. E., 33, 434f, 55, 81. 
 
 Muhlenberg, H. M., 20, 23, 25ff, 
 38ff, 43, 45, 49, 54ff, 63ff, 77, 80, 
 91, 110, 116ff, 122, 127, 133, 280. 
 
 Muhlenberg, Peter, 33. 
 
 Muhlenberg Col., 196. 
 
 Myerhoffer, Pastor, 95. 
 
 Nazareth, Pa., 71ff, 104, 138. 
 
 Neander, J. A. W., 130. 
 
 Neidig, Jacob, 255. 
 
 Neinstedt, H. C., 273. 
 
 New Berne, N. C., 23. 
 
 Newberry, S. C., 181. 
 
 Newberry Col., 192, 228. 
 
 New Brunswick Sem., 73, 105. 
 
 New England, 64, 135. 
 
 New Germantown, N. J., 60, 71, 138. 
 
 New Hanover, Pa., 18ff. 
 
 New Holland, Pa., 19, 81. 
 
 New Jersey, 19, 22, 32ff, 70, 72. 
 
 New Jersey Synod, 160. 
 
 New Market, Va., 58ff, 76, 91ff, 96, 
 107ff. 
 
 New Sweden, 15ff. 
 
 Newton Sem., 105. 
 
 New York, 12ff, 19ff, 24, 32, 46, 
 49ff, 53, 60ff, 64ff, 70ff, 76ff, 88, 
 90ff, 105, 107, 112, 116ff, 129, 135, 
 153, 170. 
 
 New York & New England Synod, 
 291. 
 
 Niemeyer, Chancellor, 131. 
 
 Nile’s Register, 80. 
 
 North American Review, 80. 
 
 North Carolina, 23, 76, 78, 95, 102, 
 
 1169-995 937; 
 
 North Carolina Synod, 78, 80, 83ff, 
 86, 96, 159. 
 
 Norton, C. F., 187. 
 
 Nova Scotia, 38, 46. 
 
 Oberlin Sem., 105. 
 
 Oehrle, Benj., 102. 
 
 Ohio, 58, 60, 75ff, 79. 
 
 Ohio River, 75ff. 
 
 Ohio Synod, Old, 59, 76, 79, 85, 
 88, 95, 171, 181. 
 
 Old Swede’s Church, 17. 
 
 Olive Branch, 185. 
 
 Orangeburg, S. C., 23. 
 
 Oswald, Jonathan, 102. | 
 
 Otsego Co., N. Y., 65ff, 69, 71. 
 
 Palatinate, 23, 40, 64. 
 
 Palmyra, Pa., 102. 
 
 Papal Infallibility, 121. 
 
 Parent Education Soc., 
 181. 
 
 Passavant, Wm. A., 136, 154, 166. 
 
 Patriotic Daughters of Lancaster, 
 204. 
 
 “Pastoral Address,” 
 108: G. S., 114. 
 Patterson, Gen., 195. 
 
 Payne, D. A., 111, 293. 
 
 Penn, Wm., 17ff. 
 
 Pennsylvania, 18, 20, 24ff, 27ff, 38, 
 50, 52, 55, 59, 64, 75ff, 78, 81, 86, 
 90, 99, 116, 129, 133ff, 144, 192ff, 
 211, 256. 
 
 Penna. Bible Soc., 154, 283. 
 
 Penna. Col., cf. Gettysburg Col. 
 
 Penna. Legislature, 45, 100, 102, 
 128, 143ff, 192. 
 
 Penna. State S. S. Assn., 267. 
 
 Penna. Synod, cf. Min. of Penna. 
 
 Perry Co., Mo., 132. 
 
 Pettigrew, Gen., 198. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., 15, 17, 20, 27ff, 
 33, 38, 40, 42ff, 46ff, 49ff, 53, 58, 
 
 114, 136, 
 
 Schmucker’s, 
 
 619 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 64, 68ff, 79, 82, 91, 95, 99fF, 102, 
 107, 126, 129, 135, 139, 155, 162, 
 172, 177; 195, 231, 2572619279: 
 
 Philadelphia Academy, 45. 
 
 Philadelphia Seminary, cf. Mt. Airy 
 Seminary. 
 
 Pickett, Gen., 204. 
 
 Pierce, Nicholas, 147ff. 
 
 Pirna, 132. 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., 99, 218, 268. 
 
 Pittsburgh Synod, 160, 194, 249. 
 
 Pohlman, H. N., 70, 161. 
 
 Potomac River, 19, 196. 
 
 Presbyterians, 122, 135, 156, 158, 
 182, 194, 227. 
 
 Princeton Sem., 58, 73, 88, 92, 100, 
 IOS, 108,112; VASfk, 137,153, 
 182. 
 
 Providence, Pa., 19, 45. 
 
 Prussian Union, 121, 161. 
 
 Puritans, 13, 122. 
 
 Purysburg, S. C., 23. 
 
 Quitman, F. H., 60ff, 67ff, 72, 116. 
 Quitman, John A., 71. 
 Quitman, Wm., 68. 
 
 Rabenhorst, Christian, 24. 
 
 Rarig, L. G., 268. 
 
 Reading, Pa., 54, 61, 68, 90, 169, 
 186, 218, 245. 
 
 Rebenach, J. C. 
 
 Reck, Abraham, 60, 95, 134, 148. 
 
 Reck, J., 95. 
 
 Reck, John B., 92. 
 
 Reformed Church, 13, 16, 44, 81ff, 
 86, 116, 125,:129."156; 171. 
 
 Reformed Synod of Penna., 113. 
 
 Reily, Jas. R., 130. 
 
 Reimensnyder, Geo., 57. 
 
 Reinewald, Chas., 271. 
 
 Reishi}. Fiy23; 
 
 Revolutionary War, 22, 24, 26, 33, 
 37, 39, 44ff, 49, 52, 58, 62, 74, 
 
 77ff, 115, 195. 
 
 Reynolds, Gen., 198, 200, 204, 212. 
 
 Reynolds, W. M., 159, 164, 168. 
 
 Rhine River, 20, 23, 130. 
 
 Rhinebeck, N. Y., 60, 64, 67ff. 
 
 Rhodes, Gen., 198. 
 
 Rice, J. W., 234. 
 
 Rice Lecture, 234, 299ff. 
 
 Richard, J. W., 55, 233, 239, 260, 
 270ff, 279. 
 
 Richards, M. H., 195. 
 
 Riga, 130. 
 
 Ring, Lewis, 68. 
 
 Roanoke Col., 60, 221. 
 
 Robertson, A. T., 269. 
 
 Rock Spring, Iil., Sem., 105. 
 
 Roeller, J. G., 61. 
 
 Roman Catholic Church, 121, 129, 
 157, 
 
 Rosenmiller, David, 57, 102. 
 
 Rothacker, Dewaldt, 60. 
 
 Rudman, Andrew, 17. 
 
 Russia, 130. 
 
 Rutgers Col., 107. 
 
 Ruth, Fy J2- 47; 
 
 Ruthrauff, Fred., 57, 93, 95, 134, 294. 
 
 Ruthrauff, J. F., 56, 129, 134. 
 
 Ruthrauff, John, 56. 
 
 Ruthrauff, Jonathan, 56ff. 
 
 Sadtler, B., 226. 
 
 St. John’s Church, Phila., 68. 
 
 St. Michael’s Church, Phila. 39, 
 41, 44. 
 
 St. Petersburg, 130. 
 
 Salisbury, N. C., 59, 78. 
 
 Salzburg exiles, 24, 59. 
 
 Sanitary Commission, 204. 
 
 Savannah River, 24. 
 
 Saxe-Gotha, 64. 
 
 Scandinavia, 12, 104, 114, 121, 130, 
 158. 
 
 Schaeffer, C. F., 56, 126, 160, 174 ff, 
 186, 188ff, 210, 216ff, 219. 
 
 620 
 
GENERAL INDEX 
 
 Schaeffer, C. W., 164, 177, 182, 186. 
 
 Schaeffer, D. F., 54, 56, 92, 98, 101, 
 113, 116, 118, 134, 148. 
 
 Schaeffer, F. C., 56, 60, 62, 92, 95, 
 116. 
 
 Schaeffer, F. D., 54, 56, 174. 
 
 Schaeffer, F. S., 56. 
 
 Schaum, J. H., 32. 
 
 Scherer, Danl., 59. 
 
 Scherer, Jacob, 59, 95, 134. 
 
 Scheurer, Pastor, 57. 
 
 Schmidt, Henry I., 1394, 151, 155, 
 161, 164, 172, 294. 
 
 Schmidt, Jacob, 282. 
 
 Schmidt, J. F., 50ff, 56ff, 60ff, 82, 
 116, 133. 
 
 Schmucker, B. M., 126, 165. 
 
 Schmucker, Catharine G., 106. 
 
 Schmucker, Geo., 92. 
 
 Schmucker, J. G., 53, 56ff, 62, 88, 
 90ff, 95ff, 98, 100, 106, 113, 116, 
 134, 148, 160, 293. 
 
 Schmucker, Nicholas, 107. 
 
 Schmucker, Saml. D., 196. 
 
 Schmucker, S. S., 53, 58ff, 88, 91ff, 
 106i, 132; 1358;- 1598, +1928, 
 215ff, 240, 244ff, 253, 258, 263, 
 280, 283ff. 
 
 Schenectady, N. Y., 67. 
 
 Schnee, Jacob, 57, 59. 
 
 Schoharie, N. Y., 67, 71. 
 
 Schoharie Co., N. Y., 60. 
 
 Schoharie Valley, N. Y., 21. 
 
 Scholl, W. N., 226. 
 
 Schrenberg, J. C., 60. 
 
 Schrenck, R. H., 32. 
 
 Schroeder, Mr., 137. 
 
 Schroeter, Danl., 44. 
 
 Schultze, J. A., 55. 
 
 Schulz, J. C., 20. 
 
 Schulze, J. A., 129. 
 
 Schurz, Carl, 207. 
 
 Schutt, Conrad, 284. 
 
 Schwartz, J. G., 59. 
 
 Schwitzerbarth, J. C. G., 61, 284. 
 
 Scotland, 104, 112. 
 
 Seibert, Saml., 258. 
 
 Seip, Theo. L., 196. 
 
 Seiss, J. A., 235. 
 
 Selinsgrove, Pa., 
 “77s 
 
 Seminaries, Lutheran, No. of, 12; 
 value, 12; graduates, 12; Muhlen- 
 berg’s project, 29ff ; Kunze’s sem- 
 inarium, 40; N. C. Synod’s pro- 
 ject, 83ff; ‘G. S. proposal, 86; 
 growth of at 1864, 127; proposal 
 to merge, 277ff, cf. also separate 
 institutions. 
 
 Seminaries, Protestant, no. of, 11; 
 dates of founding, 73; short his- 
 tory of, 104. 
 
 Semler of Halle, 60. 
 
 Senderling, Jacob, 54. 
 
 Senderling, John Z., 70. 
 
 Sharon, Nii Y. 7# 
 
 Sharrets Bros., 258. 
 
 Sharrets, Fred, 146. 
 
 Sharretts, N. R., 58, 134. 
 
 Sheeleigh, Matthias, 160, 226. 
 
 Shenandoah Co., Va., 92, 107, 136. 
 
 Shindel, A. Y., 289. 
 
 Shindel, M. L., 289. 
 
 Shindle, H. C., 195. 
 
 Shindle, J. P., 57. 
 
 Shippensburg, Pa., 245. 
 
 Shober, Gottlieb, 59, 96, 137. 
 
 Sholl, Mr., 136. 
 
 Shryock, Geo., 148. 
 
 Shumaker, Stella B., 292. 
 
 Siegart, W. R., 356ff. 
 
 Singmaster, Henry and Rosanna, 
 249, 270. 
 
 Singmaster, J. A., 212, 250ff, 265ff, 
 280. 
 
 Sisters of Charity, 204. 
 
 Sleeth, G. M., 268. 
 
 Smith, Lewis, 61. 
 
 1878, 221, 1236, 
 
 621 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 Smyser, Philip, 96, 98. 
 
 Snyder, H. W., 291. 
 
 Soc. for the Propagation of Chris- 
 tianity and Useful Knowledge 
 among the Germans in Amer- 
 ica, 42. 
 
 Somerset, Pa., 232, 268. 
 
 Somerset Co., Pa., 52, 258. 
 
 South Carolina, 25, 42, 76, 78, 95, 
 139, 192. 
 
 South Carolina Synod, 59, 80, 139, 
 181. 
 
 Southern Sem., 59, 139, 180, 277. 
 
 Sprecher, Saml., 125, 223. 
 
 Springer, Chas., 16. 
 
 Springfield, Ill., 181. 
 
 Springfield, O., 125, 233. 
 
 Spring Grove, Pa., 258. 
 
 Stamp Act, 44. 
 
 Starman, J. W., 61. 
 
 Stauch, John, 60, 76ff, 79, 95. 
 
 Stecher, Pastor, 57. 
 
 Steck, A. R., 268. 
 
 Steck, J. M., 52, 59, 76ff, 95. 
 
 Steck, M. J., 59, 77. 
 
 Steenberger, Wm., 136. 
 
 Steinkopf, Dr., 130. 
 
 Stephan, Martin, 132. 
 
 Stevens, Thaddeus, 99, 
 144 ff. 
 
 Stine, John, 57. 
 
 Stockholm, 263. 
 
 Stoever, J.C. Jr., 20: 
 
 StoeverJo'Cy or, a0. 
 
 Stoever, M. L., 168. 
 
 Storch, C. A. G., 59, 78, 96. 
 
 Stork, Chas. A., 223ff, 228ff. 
 
 Stork, Theophilus, 168. 
 
 Strebeck, Geo., 68. 
 
 Streit, Christian, 33, 54ff, 5S8ff. 
 
 Streit legacy, 137. 
 
 Stroh, M., 57. 
 
 Stroudsburg, Pa., 249. 
 
 Sunday Schools, 252, 267, Schmuck- 
 
 103, 138, 
 
 er’s, 108. 
 
 Susquehanna River, 19, 52, 56, 80, 
 133, 158, 162, 171, 240. 
 
 Susquehanna Synod, 249, 267. 
 
 Susquehanna Univ., 187ff, 221, 236, 
 203, 264) 274: 
 
 Sweden, 15, 18, 21, 36, 41, 49, 130, 
 262. 
 
 Swedenborgians, 227. 
 
 Swedes, 15ff, 49, cf. Scandinavians. 
 
 Swedish Provost, ci. Wrangel, 
 C. W. 
 
 Swiss, 23. 
 
 Switzerland, 23, 130. 
 
 Sword, J. A., 257. 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y., 271. 
 
 Tamaqua, Pa., 202. 
 
 Taneytown, Md., 102. 
 
 Taylor, W. P., 268. 
 
 Temperance Societies, 111. 
 
 Tennessee, 52, 76, 78, 95. 
 
 Tennessee Synod, 58ff, 80, 84ff. 
 
 Text Books, early, 62, 141. 
 
 Thirty Years’ War, 15. 
 
 Tholuck, A., 161, 221. 
 
 Thuringia, 64. 
 
 Tinicum Island, 15ff. 
 
 Torkillus, Reorus, 15. 
 
 Tractarian Movement, 121. 
 
 Trappe, The, cf. New Providence, 
 Pat 
 
 Triebner, Christopher, 26. 
 
 Trimble, Gen., 204. 
 
 Trimble, Jas., 129. 
 
 Trinity Luth. Church, N. Y. City, 
 23, 46. 
 
 Trinity Episc. Church, N. Y. City, 
 46. 
 
 Trostle, Geo., 148. 
 
 “True Unity of Christ’s Church,” 
 ite. 
 
 Tulpehocken, Pa., 19. 
 
 Turbotville, Pa., 224. 
 
 622 
 
GENERAL INDEX 
 
 Twesten, A. D. C., 130ff. 
 Tzschirner, Prof., 131. 
 
 Ulhorn, Pastor, 148. 
 
 Ulrich, Danl., 54. 
 
 Ulrich, John, 134, 174. 
 
 Union Sem. in N. Y., 105. 
 
 Union Sem. in Va., 105. 
 
 United Congregations, The, 20. 
 
 United Luth. Church, 266, 268, 278, 
 280. 
 
 Univ. Christian Conf. on Life and 
 Work, 262. 
 
 Universalists, 227. 
 
 Univ. of Berlin, 140. 
 
 Univ. of Bonn, 230. 
 
 Univ. of Erfurt, 19. 
 
 Univ. of Erlangen, 224. 
 
 Univ. of Giessen, 61. 
 
 Univ. of Goettingen, 61, 90. 
 
 Univ. of Halle, 18, 24, 38ff, 43, 51, 
 78, 131, 140, cf. also Halle. 
 
 Univ. of Hamburg, 65. 
 
 Univ. of Helmstedt, 59. 
 
 Univ. of Kiel, 130. 
 
 Univ. of Leipsic, 39. 
 
 Univ. of Penna., 45, 47, 5Off, 53ff, 
 56, 62, 88, 106ff, 112, 261. 
 
 Univ. of Tuebingen, 224. 
 
 Valentine, Milton, 186, 218ff, 228, 
 BH 25h coon, 279, 
 
 Van Buskirk, Jacob, 32, 44. 
 
 Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah, 66, 69. 
 
 Venango Co., Pa., 81. 
 
 Virginia, 19ff, 33, 38, 52, 64, 76ff, 
 95, 100, 113, 132, 192, 196ff. 
 
 Virginia Sem. 105. 
 
 Virginia Synod, 80, 85, 159, 173. 
 
 Waage, Fred, 61. 
 
 Wachter, Martin, 57. 
 Wackerhagen, Augustus, 60. 
 Wadsworth, Wm. A., 60. 
 
 Wagner, A. E., 294. 
 
 Wagner, R. L., 292. 
 
 Walter, J., 96. 
 
 Walther, C. F. W., 127. 
 
 Washington, D. C., 99, 195, 206, 
 240, 268. 
 
 Washington Col., 144. 
 
 Washington Co., Md., 102. 
 
 Washington, Geo., 67. 
 
 Washington Service, cf. Liturgics. 
 
 Watsonworth, Pa., 245. 
 
 Waynesboro, Pa., 202. 
 
 Weaver, A., 137. 
 
 Weibel, Mr., 137. 
 
 Weiser, Reuben, 58, 134, 160, 226. 
 
 Welden, C. F., 61. 
 
 Wenner, G. U., 235. 
 
 Wentz, A. R., 262, 273. 
 
 Wesley, John, 111. 
 
 Western Sem., 105, 182, 268. 
 
 Westmoreland Co., Pa., 52. 
 
 West. Penna. Synod, 80, 91, 95ff, 
 113ff, 159, 161, 225, 236, 249, 261, 
 281, 293. 
 
 Weygand, Pastor, 32, 36. 
 
 Weyl, C. G., 134, 294. 
 
 Whetstone, A. M., 202, 232. 
 
 Whitefield, Geo., 111. 
 
 Wichtermann, G. J., 68. 
 
 Wieting, J. C., 68. 
 
 Williamsport, Md., 93. 
 
 Williamsport, Pa., 267. 
 
 Wilmington, Del., 15ff. 
 
 Wilson, L. D., 205. 
 
 Wilson, Woodrow, 211. 
 
 Winchester, Va., 54, 58, 60, 80, 92, 
 218. 
 
 Winter, John, 57, 93. 
 
 Witmer, Mr., 134. 
 
 Wittenberg, Ger., 131. 
 
 Wittenberg Col. and Sem., 60, 125, 
 181: 223) 233. 
 
 Wolf, Pastor, 22. 
 
 Wolf, E. J., 196, 202, 223ff, 228, 
 
 623 
 
HISTORY OF GETTYSBURG SEMINARY 
 
 231, 234, 238ff, 259, 278ff. York, Pa., 52ff. 56ff. 62. 87. 90. 92, 
 
 Wolf, Gov. Geo., 144. 96, 102, 106ff, 113, 134, 136, 146, 
 Wool, Gen., of Civil War, 203. 153, 186, 189, 195, 240. 
 Woodstock, Va., 53, 92, 106. York, Co.j, Pa.; S2H, 192: 
 
 World War, 268, 275ff. ~ York Co. Acad., 106, 108. 
 
 Wrangel, C. W., 33, 35ff, 38, 41, 54. Young, Jacob, 96, 98, 134. 
 Wurtemberg, Ger., 40. Zetskoorn, Abelius, 13. 
 
 Yadkin River, 137. Ziegler, Henry, 160. 
 
 Yale Sem., 137, 182, 215. Zimmerman, Jeremiah, 271ff. 
 Yeager, Geo., 102. Zion’s Church, Phila., 39, 41, 43£. 
 Yinger, Geo. S., 241. Zwingli, Huldreich, 125. 
 
 4 
 
 624 
 

 
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